# List of acquisitions by Adobe

Adobe Inc. is an American computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California. In 1982, John Warnock and Charles Geschke left Xerox PARC and established Adobe to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. Apple Computer licensed PostScript in 1985 for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. The company has acquired 25 companies, purchased stakes in five, and divested six, most of which were software companies. Of the companies that Adobe has acquired, 18 were based in the United States. Adobe has not released the financial details for most of these mergers and acquisitions.
Adobe's first acquisition was Emerald City Software in March 1990. In August 1994, the company acquired Aldus Corporation, a Seattle-based software company credited with creating the desktop publishing industry with its PageMaker software. The company's products were integrated into Adobe's product line later in the year, and re-branded as Adobe PageMaker and Adobe After Effects; Aldus also owned the TIFF file format, transferring ownership to Adobe. In October 1995, Adobe acquired the desktop publishing software company Frame Technology for US$566 million, and re-branded its FrameMaker software to Adobe FrameMaker. Adobe acquired GoLive Systems in January 1999 and obtained its CyberStudio HTML editor software, releasing it as Adobe GoLive. In May 2003, Adobe acquired Syntrillium Software and its digital audio editor software Cool Edit Pro, and merged it into its product line, re-releasing it as Adobe Audition.
In the 1990s, Adobe purchased a minority stake in four companies, and it purchased a stake in one company in the 2000s. Adobe has also divested six companies, in which parts of the company are sold to another company. All of its divestments were made in the 1990s, with its most recent divestment made in August 1999 when it sold Macromedia Pathware to Lotus Software.

## Acquisitions

| Number | Company | Country | Acquired on | Acquired for (USD) |
| 1 | Emerald City Software | United States | March 19, 1990 | — |
| 2 | BluePoint Technologies | United States | June 20, 1990 | — |
| 3 | LaserTools-Language Tech | United States | June 1, 1992 | — |
| 4 | OCR Systems | United States | June 29, 1992 | — |
| 5 | Nonlinear Technologies | United States | 1992 | — |
| 6 | After Hours Software | United States | 1993 | — |
| 7 | Compumation | United States | 1994 | — |
| 8 | Aldus Corporation | United States | August 31, 1994 | $437,676,000 |
| 9 | LaserTools | United States | September 9, 1994 | — |
| 10 | Photoshop | United States | 1995 | — |
| 11 | Frame Technology | United States | October 30, 1995 | $566,567,000 |
| 12 | Ares Software | United States | May 20, 1996 | — |
| 13 | Sandcastle | United States | March 14, 1997 | $3,500,000 |
| 14 | HyWay Ferranti | United Kingdom | September 5, 1997 | — |
| 15 | DigiDox | United States | September 16, 1997 | — |
| 16 | GoLive Systems | United States | January 4, 1999 | — |
| 17 | Fotiva | United States | December 5, 2001 | — |
| 18 | Accelio | Canada | April 15, 2002 | $72,000,000 |
| 19 | Syntrillium Software | United States | May 2003 | — |
| 20 | Yellow Dragon Software-Tech | United States | November 10, 2003 | — |
| 21 | Q-Link Technologies, Inc. | United States | May 3, 2004 | — |
| 22 | OKYZ | France | December 7, 2004 | — |
| 23 | Macromedia | United States | December 3, 2005 | $3,573,000,000 |
| 24 | Navisware | United States | December 16, 2005 | — |
| 25 | Trade and Technologies France | France | April 21, 2006 | — |
| 26 | Pixmantec | Denmark | June 26, 2006 | — |
| 27 | InterAKT | Romania | September 5, 2006 | — |
| 28 | Serious Magic Inc. | United States | October 19, 2006 | — |
| 29 | Scene7 | United States | May 31, 2007 | — |
| 30 | Virtual Ubiquity | United States | October 1, 2007 | — |
| 31 | YaWah | Denmark | September 15, 2008 | — |
| 32 | Business Catalyst | Australia | August 31, 2009 | — |
| 33 | Omniture | United States | September 15, 2009 | $1,800,000,000 |
| 34 | Day Software | Switzerland | July 28, 2010 | $240,000,000 |
| 35 | Demdex | United States | January 18, 2011 | — |
| 36 | EchoSign | United States | July 18, 2011 | — |
| 37 | Iridas Technology | Germany | September 8, 2011 | — |
| 38 | Nitobi | Canada | October 3, 2011 | — |
| 39 | Typekit | United States | October 3, 2011 | — |
| 40 | Auditude | United States | November 1, 2011 | $120,000,000 |
| 41 | Efficient Frontier Technology | United States | November 30, 2011 | — |
| 42 | Behance Inc. | United States | December 21, 2012 | — |
| 43 | Neolane | France | July 23, 2013 | $600,000,000 |
| 44 | Satellite | United States | July 31, 2013 | — |
| 45 | Aviary | United States | September 22, 2014 | — |
| 46 | Fotolia | United States | January 28, 2015 | $800,000,000 |
| 47 | Mixamo | United States | June 1, 2015 | — |
| 48 | Livefyre | United States | May 10, 2016 | — |
| 49 | TubeMogul | United States | November 10, 2016 | $540,000,000 |
| 50 | Sayspring | United States | April 16, 2018 | — |
| 51 | Uru | United States | April 29, 2018 | — |
| 52 | Magento | United States | May 21, 2018 | $1,680,000,000 |
| 53 | Marketo | United States | September 20, 2018 | $4,750,000,000 |
| 54 | Allegorithmic | France | January 23, 2019 | — |
| 55 | Workfront | United States | November 9, 2020 | $1,500,000,000 |
| 56 | Frame.io | United States | October 7, 2021 | $1,275,000,000 |
| 57 | ContentCal | United Kingdom | December 8, 2021 | — |
| 58 | Abstract Notebooks | United States | December 23, 2021 | — |
| 59 | rephrase.ai | India | 2023 | — |

### Indirect acquisitions

Adobe also owns the assets of numerous companies, through less direct means, through the mergers or acquisitions of companies later acquired by Adobe.
* Company of Science and Art (CoSA)
** Acquired by Aldus
* Allaire Corporation
** Acquired by Macromedia
* Live Software
** Acquired by Allaire Corporation
* Authorware Inc
** Merged to form Macromedia
* MacroMind
** Merged to form MacroMind-Paracomp
* Paracomp
** Merged to form MacroMind-Paracomp
* Altsys
** Acquired by Macromedia
* MacroMind-Paracomp
** Merged to form Macromedia
* iBand Software
** Acquired by Macromedia
* FutureWave Software
** Acquired by Macromedia
* Andromedia Corporation
** Acquired by Macromedia
* Presedia
** Acquired by Macromedia
* eHelp Corporation
** Acquired by Macromedia
* nHabit.com
** Merged with GoodHome.com (Scene7)
* Engage
** Assets acquired by Scene7
* Cascade
** Acquired by Scene7
* MidSystems
** Acquired by Scene7
* TrueSpectra
** Acquired by Scene7
* Touch Clarity
** Acquired by Omniture
* Visual Sciences, Inc. (formerly WebSideStory)
** Acquired by Omniture
* Offermatica
** Acquired by Omniture
* Mercado
** Acquired by Omniture
* Context Optional
** Acquired by Efficient Frontier
** Wrike***

### Failed acquisitions

* Figma - After 15 months of regulatory review, the acquisition of Figma for $20 billion was abandoned after no longer seeing a path toward regulatory approval.

## Stakes

| Date | Company | Business | Country | Value (USD) |
| September 21, 1992 | Verity | Computer consulting | United States | — |
| March 1, 1994 | Crosswise | Applications software | United States | — |
| April 19, 1995 | Siebel Systems | Application services provider | United States | — |
| August 8, 1995 | Fractal Design | Graphics software | United States | $2,000,000 |
| March 23, 2007 | Skysoft | Online digital music services | Republic of China | $1,000,000 |

## Divestitures

| Date | Acquirer | Target company | Target business | Acquirer country | Value (USD) |
| November 1, 1991 | Paracomp | MacroMind | Software | United States | — |
| March 28, 1996 | — | Luminous | Graphics software | United States | — |
| February 5, 1997 | INSO | MasterSoft | Publishing software | United States | $3,000,000 |
| March 24, 1999 | Creative Internet Solutions | ChangeMedia | Internet service provider | United States | — |
| May 20, 1999 | Calian Technologies Ltd. | Why Interactive | Multi-media company | Canada | $4,360,000 |
| August 30, 1999 | Lotus Development | Macromedia Pathware | Internet software | United States | — |