# Backdraft (film)

Backdraft is a 1991 American action thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by Gregory Widen. Starring Kurt Russell, William Baldwin, Scott Glenn, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Rebecca De Mornay, Donald Sutherland, Robert De Niro, Jason Gedrick, and J. T. Walsh, it follows Chicago firefighters on the trail of a serial arsonist.
It was released on May 24, 1991 to mixed reviews, and grossed $152.4 million worldwide. It received three Academy Award nominations for Best Sound, Best Sound Editing, and Best Visual Effects. It also inspired a special effects attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood, which opened in 1992 and closed in 2010. It was followed by the sequel, Backdraft 2 in 2019, with Baldwin and Sutherland reprising their roles.

## Plot

Two firefighters of Engine 17 of the Chicago Fire Department (CFD) are brothers: Lieutenant Stephen "Bull" McCaffrey, the elder, is experienced, while Brian has labored in his brother's shadow. Brian returns to firefighting after several other careers falter, though Stephen has doubts that Brian is fit to be a firefighter. In 1971, Brian witnessed the death of their firefighting father, Captain Dennis McCaffrey, while accompanying him on a call. The longest-serving of all the men at Engine 17, John "Axe" Adcox, served under the McCaffreys' father and was like an uncle to the boys when their father died. Adcox grows concerned about Stephen's unorthodox methods and disregard for safety procedures, as does Stephen's wife Helen, who separated from Stephen to protect herself and their son Sean from the risks he was taking.
Inspector Donald "Shadow" Rimgale, a dedicated arson investigator and veteran firefighter, is called in because some recent explosive fires resemble those set by pyromaniac Ronald Bartel, who has been imprisoned for years. Brian transfers to become Rimgale's assistant after an argument with Stephen. Rimgale manipulates Bartel's obsession with fire to ensure his annual parole application is rejected. It is revealed during an investigation that Chicago City Council alderman Marty Swayzak has supported budget cuts to the CFD. Contractors have paid him off to shut down firehouses so they could be converted into community centers, with the contractors receiving contracts for the construction. Brian rekindles a relationship with Jennifer Vaitkus, an aide to Swayzak.
When Engine 17 answers a call in a high-rise, Stephen urges them to move in quickly, despite Adcox's advice to wait for backup. Brian's friend and fellow trainee, Tim Krizminski, opens a door, triggering a backdraft. His face is burned beyond recognition, and he barely survives. Adcox and Brian both condemn Stephen for what happened. Through experiments, Rimgale concludes that whoever's causing the fires doesn't want the fires to spread, hence the backdrafts. Rimgale and Brian go to Swayzak's home to confront him after learning of his connection to the three backdraft victims (Alan Seagrave, Donald Cosgrove, and Jeffery Holcomb) and interrupt a masked man about to set the residence on fire. The man attacks them with a flashlight but is burned on his shoulder by an electrical socket. Rimgale saves Brian and Swayzak from the house but is injured in an explosion. In his hospital bed, Rimgale tells Brian to revisit Bartel, who helps Brian realize that only a firefighter would be so careful as to not let backdraft fires rage out of control.
Brian suspects Stephen but spots a burn in the shape of an electrical socket on Adcox's back. He reveals his suspicions to Stephen just before an alarm. When Brian realizes Adcox has heard their exchange, he jumps aboard Truck 46 after borrowing some turnout gear. On their way to the fire, their truck crashes after dodging a taxi. Stephen confronts Adcox about the backdrafts during a multiple-alarm fire at a chemical plant. Adcox admits that he set the fires to kill Swayzak's associates because Swayzak benefited from firefighters' deaths and closed down firehouses. When an explosion destroys the catwalk they are on, Stephen grabs Adcox's hand while hanging on to the remains of the catwalk. Stephen refuses Adcox's advice to let go of him and loses his grip on the catwalk. Stephen lands on the lower catwalk, but Adcox dies when he falls into the fire. Brian bravely battles the fire, allowing two firefighters to reach Stephen and carry him to safety. Stephen dies with Brian by his side on the way to the hospital, with his final request being that Brian not reveal Adcox to be the perpetrator.
After the funeral for Stephen and Adcox, Brian and Rimgale, with the help of the police, interrupt Swayzak at a press conference. Rimgale questions Swayzak on a fake manpower study that led to the deaths of several firemen, including Stephen and Adcox. They also state that Swayzak engineered the downsizing of the CFD, destroying Swayzak's mayoral ambitions. Brian continues as a firefighter, carrying on his family's firefighting tradition despite the loss of his father and brother.

## Cast

* Kurt Russell as Lieutenant Stephen "Bull" McCaffrey
** Russell also plays Captain Dennis McCaffrey
** John Duda as Stephen, age 12
* William Baldwin as Probationary Firefighter Brian McCaffrey
** Ryan Todd as Brian, age 7
** Johnny Baker as Brian stunt double, age 7
* Robert De Niro as Captain/Fire Inspector Donald "Shadow" Rimgale, Office of Fire Investigation
* Donald Sutherland as Ronald Bartel
* Jennifer Jason Leigh as Jennifer Vaitkus
* Scott Glenn as Senior Firefighter John "Axe" Adcox
* Rebecca De Mornay as Helen McCaffrey
* Jason Gedrick as Probationary Firefighter Tim Krizminski
* J. T. Walsh as Alderman Martin Swayzak
* Cedric Young as Grindle
* Jack McGee as Otis Schmidt
* Clint Howard as Ricco, morgue attendant
* David Crosby as 70s hippie

## Production

Before filming began, the main actors went out on calls with real Chicago firefighters, and also went to the Chicago Fire Academy to learn how to conduct themselves like the firefighters in the film.
Filming in Chicago began on July 23, 1990 and wrapped on December 8. Rubber cement from Petronio Shoe Products was used to create some of the fire effects. Industrial Light & Magic created many of the visual effects.

### Casting

Russell pursued Tom Cruise for the role of Brian McCaffrey, but Cruise declined. Robert Downey Jr., Brad Pitt and Keanu Reeves also auditioned for the role.

### Realism

Firefighting professionals have noted that most of the film's structure fires scenes differ considerably from reality:
   The pictures of firefighters searching in movies like Backdraft do not show what it is like to search in a fire. Firefighters are shown advancing through fully involved structure fires while not wearing the complete complement of protective gear (Nomex hoods, radios, PASS devices). Most scenes display firefighting without the use of SCBA "self-contained breathing apparatus". Realism in our case would make a very bad movie because the fact is that in almost every fire the smoke conditions completely obscure all vision.
   The movie ... came pretty close at times, but it also suffered from the very same, all too common shortcomings that any visual presentation was bound to encounter[....] Smoke, steam, and other miscellaneous factors usually combine to obscure almost everything that is taking place[.]
Fire investigation professionals have also dismissed the investigative methods shown in the movie as unscientific—in particular, the portrayal of fire as a living entity.

## Music

Backdraft was scored by Hans Zimmer, and features two songs by Bruce Hornsby: "The Show Goes On" (which was previously released on his album Scenes from the Southside), and the new song "Set Me in Motion". Zimmer's score was pared to about 30 minutes for release on the soundtrack album, which also features both Hornsby songs. The soundtrack was issued by Milan Records on May 14, 1991. In 2024 Intrada Records released a 2-CD expansion featuring Zimmer's full score and the 1991 album tracks in their original George Martin mixes.

## Release
### Home media

The film has been released in many formats, first on VHS, then DVD. In 2006, a two-disc DVD Anniversary Edition was issued. On January 4, 2011 Universal Pictures released a Blu-ray 'Anniversary Edition' with many of the features ported from the previous DVD release, including four featurettes, 43 minutes of deleted scenes, a three-minute Ron Howard introduction, and trailers. It was released for the first time as a two-disc Ultra HD Blu-ray package on May 4, 2019.

## Reception
### Box office

Backdraft grossed $77,868,585 in the US (ranking 14th in box-office for 1991), and $74,500,000 in other markets.

### Critical response

Backdraft was praised for its special effects and performances, while much criticism was reserved for the story. It holds a 73% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 64 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The consensus reads, "It's not particularly deep, but Backdraft is a strong action movie with exceptional special effects." Film critics Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film positive reviews.
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

### Accolades

The film received three nominations at the 64th Academy Awards for Sound, Sound Effects Editing, and Visual Effects.

## Other media
### Novelization

A paperback novelization of the film, written by Kirk Mitchell, was published in 1991.

### Sequel

In March 2018, it was announced that Universal had tapped Spanish director Gonzalo López-Gallego to direct the sequel with William Baldwin reprising his role. The film, titled Backdraft 2, was released direct-to-video on May 14, 2019.