# Tando Muhammad Khan District

Tando Muhammad Khan District (Sindhi: ٽنڊو محمد خان ضلعو, Urdu: ٹنڈو محمد خان ضلع, Hindi: टंडो मुहम्मद ख़ान ज़िला) is a district located in the Sindh province of Pakistan.
Tando Muhammad Khan District spans an area of approximately 1,423 square kilometres. It shares its northern boundary with Hyderabad District and its north-eastern boundary with Tando Allahyar District. To the south and east-south, it is bordered by Badin District, while Thatta District lies to the west, north-west, and south-west. The district's landscape is predominantly flat, with a mix of agricultural land and small urban centres.

## History

The district is named after the city of Tando Muhammad Khan, founded by Mir Muhammad Khan Shahwani Talpur. It is located 35 km from Hyderabad on the Badin-Hyderabad National Highway.
Tando Muhammad Khan district was formed by dividing Hyderabad district along with Matiari and Tando Allahyar districts in 2005.

## Administration

The district is administratively divided into three tehsils:
* Bulri Shah Karim
* Tando Ghulam Hyder
* Tando Muhammad Khan
Each tehsil is further subdivided into union councils, which manage local governance and community needs.

## Demography

As of the 2023 census, Tando Muhammad Khan district has 143,798 households and a population of 726,119. The district has a sex ratio of 107.84 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 34.02%: 42.34% for males and 25.02% for females. 223,312 (30.76% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 162,142 (22.33%) live in urban areas.
Religions in Tando Muhammad Khan district (2023) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 75.56% | 75.56% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 23.98% | 23.98% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.46% | 0.46% |
Religion in contemporary Tando Muhammad Khan District :
| Religious group | 1941$^{:54–57}$ | 1941$^{:54–57}$ | 2017 | 2017 | 2023 | 2023 |
| Religious group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Islam | 59,829 | 78.26% | 524,945 | 77.53% | 548,489 | 75.56% |
| Hinduism | 16,360 | 21.40% | 150,653 | 22.25% | 174,105 | 23.98% |
| Sikhism | 248 | 0.32% | — | — | 7 | ~0% |
| Christianity | 13 | 0.03% | 1,372 | 0.20% | 2,179 | 0.30% |
| Others | 0 | ~0% | 128 | 0.02% | 1,143 | 0.16% |
| Total Population | 76,450 | 100% | 677,098 | 100% | 725,923 | 100% |
* Sindhi 93.54 (93.5%)
* Hindko 2.01 (2.01%)
* Urdu 1.4 (1.40%)
* Others 3.07 (3.07%)
At the time of the 2023 census, 93.54% of the population spoke Sindhi, 2.01% Hindko and 1.40% Urdu as their first language.

## Health

National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) opened its satellite centre in Tando Mohammad Khan, it became the 4th city to have such facility in Sindh province. The facility would provide cardiac treatment services to people of Thatta, Badin, Tharparkar and adjoining areas, as well. People of this area could not even travel to Karachi for treatment of cardiac ailments but now they could avail state of the art cardiac treatment closer to their abodes. In Sindh, around 30,000 to 40,000 children are born with congenital heart disease or with defective hearts at the time of birth, but only a few hundred of them are diagnosed and get treated while thousands remain undiagnosed due to non-availability of heart health facilities in their area. In particular, from Tando Muhammad Khan to Thatta, Badin, Tharparkar and adjoining areas, thousands of children are born with congenital heart disease but they remain undiagnosed throughout their life and eventually die without treatment.

## Climate

The climate of the area is moderate. However. April, May and June are very hot during the day time. December and January are the coldest months with maximum and minimum temperatures of 30 °C and 10 °C respectively. Rainfall is highly erratic with an average of about 130 mm. The monsoon dominates from July to September.

## Agriculture

70% of the district population is engaged in agriculture. Main crops grown in the district are: sugarcane, rice, wheat and cotton. Phuleli, Pinyari and Akram canal are the main source of water-reservoir for irrigation in this district. There are many rice mills operating in Tando Mohammad khan district.
According to the 2017 census of Pakistan, the population of Tando Muhammad Khan District of Sindh was 677228: 350010 male, 327202 female, and 16 transgender. Average annual growth rate was 2.31% from 1998 to 2017.

## Education

District Tando Muhammad Khan is ranked at the 115th position in the education score index of the Pakistan District Education Rankings 2017 published by Alif Ailaan. The education score comprises the learning score, retention score and gender parity score. Retention is one of the biggest concerns in this district, with the relevant score being only 31.14 out of a potential 100.
In the middle school infrastructure score index, which focuses on availability of basic facilities and the building condition of schools, Tando Muhammad Khan ranks 86th. The lack of electricity and drinking water in schools remain a concern in the district, along with unsatisfactory building conditions.
On the TaleemDo! App, residents of several areas within Tando Muhammad Khan have complained about the quality of the syllabus and outdated textbooks. In government schools, where textbooks are supposed to be provided to every child free of cost, parents have complained of being charged for these items. The debate over the medium of instruction is as relevant in Tando Muhammad Khan as other districts of Sindh, where many demand for basic education to be provided in Sindhi, rather than in Urdu or English.

## List of Union Councils

Tando Muhammad Khan District has the following 17 Union Councils:
| UC Name | Population |
| T.M. Khan-1 | 28,085 |
| T.M. Khan-2 | 26,451 |
| T.M. Khan-3 | 27,444 | T.M. KHAN-4 | 25999(RAJO NIZAMANI) |
| Lakhat | 29,853 |
| Tando Siandad | 35,054 |
| Shaikh Bhirkio | 28,543 |
| Bulri Shah Karim | 33,437 |
| Saeed Khan Lund | 30,252 |
| Allah Yar Turk | 27,022 |
| Saeed Pur | 26,514 |
| Mulla Katiar | 27,930 |
| Saeed Matto | 29,577 |
| Jhanhan Soomro | 32,096 |
| Tando Ghulam Hyder | 33,264 |
| Dando | 31,826 |
| Ghulam Shah Baghrani | 29,035 |
| Nazar Pur | 32,315 |

## List of Dehs

The following is a list of Tando Muhammad Khan District's dehs, organised by taluka:
* Tando Ghulam Hyder Taluka (54 dehs)
** Adhanki
** Ahmedani
** Ajaib Pur
** Arazi
** Bariji
** Bhanki
** Chachri
** Chak
** Chandia
** Charo
** Choubandi
** Dando
** Dauki
** Debgeri
** Doderi
** Fateh Bagh
** Gulshan
** Habach
** Jagsiyani
** Jahbgeri
** Jarki
** Jiayath
** Jio
** Jonathi
** Joon
** Jumoon Jakhro
** Karo Mehro
** Kath Bhambhen
** Khaso
** Kodario
** Kor Rahimoon
** Lakara
** Lakhi
** Lashari
** Machari
** Mahi Laghari
** Malana
** Malook Pur
** Moya
** Nazar Pur
** Noohani
** Palandi
** Parori
** Peroz Pur
** Ringyoon
** Saherki
** Samradi
** Seri
** Sethari
** Tando Ghulam Hyder
** Tali
** Thorki
** Unerki
** Vedho Chowro
* Tando Muhammad Khan Taluka (29 dehs)
** Abri
** Baberki
** Bozdar
** Burira
** Chano Katiar
** Digh
** Fatehpur
** Kari
** Khanto
** Kora
** Lakhat
** Larh
** Nango Shah
** Pad Ram Diyali
** Patghahi
** Pattar
** Ram Diyali Wasan
** Roshnai
** Samabani
** Shah Bukhari
** Sheikh Bhirkhio
** Siddiquepur
** Singh
** Soomerki
** Sutiari
** Tando Muhammad Khan
** Thari
** Vesarki
** Veseria
* Bulri Shah Karim Tehsil (76 dehs)
** Abad
** Abdumehndo
** Alipur
** Allo Katiar
** Amerki
** Aripota
** Barchani
** Beharan
** Behranpur
** Bhahera
** Bhalal
** Bhanbri
** Bulri
** Chaudaro
** Chhari
** Chorki Jagir
** Dadoonki
** Deghi
** Dhandaboo
** Dhandhi
** Dhatt
** Daharki
** Din Pur
** Dodi
** Doulatpur
** Ganghyari
** Hajipur
** Heran Jagir
** Homki
** Jado Laghari
** Jalalani
** Jamerki
** Jati
** Jhok
** Kamaro
** Kandar
** Kass
** Kathor
** Katiar
** Keenjhar
** Khadho
** Khalasi
** Khalso
** Kheersar
** Khiyari
** Khokhar
** Khoski
** Kolab Rayatee
** Kumb
** Ladhan
** Loonlelo
** Meeranpur
** Nakurji
** Narki
** Pakhro
** Pakhyarki
** Pir Wah
** Qaboolpur
** Qaboolpur-II
** Qanadani
** Rain
** Rayati Shor
** Saidpur
** Sahrani
** Samejani
** Samepotani
** Sandki
** Sathiar
** Shorki
** Sonehri
** Soomerki
** Soomra
** Soorjani
** Sun
** Tikhar
** Umaid Ali Jat