# Lamphun province

Lamphun (Thai: ลำพูน, pronounced; Northern Thai: ᩃᨻᩪᩁ หละปูน, pronounced) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), and lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Chiang Mai, Lampang, and Tak.

## Geography

Lamphun is in the Ping River valley. It is surrounded by mountain chains, with the Thanon Thong Chai Range in the west and the Khun Tan Range in the east of the province. It is some 670 kilometres north of Bangkok and 26 kilometres south of Chiang Mai. The total forest area is 2,588 km$^2$ (999 sq mi) or 57.8 percent of the provincial area. Lamphun is regarded as the smallest province of northern region of Thailand.

### National parks

There are a total of three national parks, two of which are in region 16 (Chiang Mai) and one, Doi Chong, which lies in region 13 (Lampang branch) of Thailand's protected areas.
* Mae Ping National Park, 1,004 km$^2$ (388 sq mi)$^{:31}$
* Mae Takrai National Park, 354 km$^2$ (137 sq mi)$^{:131}$
* Doi Chong National Park, 336 km$^2$ (130 sq mi)$^{:133}$

### Wildlife sanctuaries

There are two wildlife sanctuaries located in region 16 (Chiang Mai) of Thailand's protected areas.
* Omkoi Wildlife Sanctuary, 1,224 km$^2$ (473 sq mi)$^{:4}$
* Doi Phu Muang Wildlife Sanctuary, 687 km$^2$ (265 sq mi)$^{:20}$

## History

Under its old name of Haripunchai, Lamphun was the northernmost city of the Mon kingdom of the Dvaravati period, and also the last to fall to the Thai. In the late-12th century it came under siege from the Khmer, but did not fall. However, in 1281 King Mengrai of Lan Na finally seized the city, and made it part of his kingdom. After Burmese expansion in the 16th century, Lamphun was under Burmese rule for two centuries. In the 18th century, with the rise of Thonburi and Bangkok against Burmese rule, local leaders from Lampang agreed to be their allies. Lamphun was finally freed from the Burmese and ruled by relatives of Lampang's leader, gaining vassal status from Bangkok. Eventually, after the administrative reform of Bangkok government in the late-19th century, Lamphun became, as a province, a part of Siam.

## Symbols

The provincial seal shows the temple Wat Phra That Haripunchai, which was already the main temple of the city Lamphun during Mon times. The gold-covered chedi is said to contain a relic of Buddha.
The provincial flower is the Flame of the Forest (Butea monosperma), and the provincial tree is the Rain Tree (Samanea saman). The provincial aquatic life is the chubby frog (Glyphoglossus molossus).

## Transport

* Air: Lamphun is served by Lamphun Airport.
* Rail: Lamphun's main station is Lamphun Railway Station.

## Food

* Kaeng khae, a spicy curry consisting mainly of vegetables with chicken, frog, fish or snails.
* Kuaitiao lamyai, stewed pork noodles soup with dried longan, originated in Lamphun.

## Administrative divisions
### Provincial government

The province is divided into eight districts (amphoes). These are further divided into 51 subdistricts (tambons) and 551 villages (mubans).
* Mueang Lamphun
* Mae Tha
* Ban Hong
* Li
* Thung Hua Chang
* Pa Sang
* Ban Thi
* Wiang Nong Long
For national elections the province is divided into three constituencies. Constituency 1 covers the Mueang District except Tambon Makhuea Chae; Constituency 2 the districts Pa Sang, Mae Tha, and Tambon Makhuea Chae of Mueang District; and Constituency 3 the districts Ban Hong, Thung Hua Chang, and Li.

### Local government

As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Lamphun Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 40 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Lamphun has town (thesaban mueang) status. Further there are 39 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 17 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

## Human achievement index 2022

| Health | Education | Employment | Income |
| 77 | 32 | 18 | 34 |
| Housing | Family | Transport | Participation |
| 55 | 31 | 48 | 1 |
| Province Lamphun, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6416 is "average", occupies place 38 in the ranking. ||||
Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.
| Rank | Classification |
| 1 - 13 | "high" |
| 14 - 29 | "somewhat high" |
| 30 - 45 | "average" |
| 46 - 61 | "somewhat low" |
| 62 - 77 | "low" |
* Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings

## Gallery

* The Dvaravati-style chedi of Wat Phra That Hariphunchai
* Lamphun Old City Wall