# 1890 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1890 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1890, with five states holding theirs early in between June and October. They occurred in the middle of President Benjamin Harrison's term. Elections were held for 332 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 44 states, to serve in the 52nd United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
A stagnant economy which became worse after the Panic of 1890, combined with a lack of support for then-Representative William McKinley's (defeated in the election) steep tariff act, which favored large industries at the expense of consumers, led to a sharp defeat for Harrison's Republican Party, giving a large majority to the Democratic Party and presaging Harrison's defeat in the 1892 United States presidential election. The Republican-controlled Congress was highly criticized for its lavish spending, and it earned the unflattering nickname of The Billion Dollar Congress. The Democrats promised to cut the outlandish budget.
Furthermore, aggressive Republican promotion of controversial English-only education laws enacted by Wisconsin and Illinois in 1889, accompanied by a surge in nativist and anti-Catholic sentiment within the state parties, had greatly hollowed out the party's support base in these former strongholds. A rare multi-confessional alliance of mainly German clergy rallied their flocks in defense of language and faith to the Democratic Party, which tore through incumbent Republican majorities in both states, capturing a total of 11 formerly Republican seats between them alone. Bitterly divisive struggles over temperance laws had also been alienating immigrants from the increasingly prohibitionist Republican Party across the Midwest more broadly. Dramatic losses in the previous year's gubernatorial elections in Iowa and Ohio (which would lose another 14 Republican congressional seats between them during this election) were due in no small part to wet immigrant communities, especially Germans, expressing their resentment toward Republican efforts to ban or otherwise curtail alcohol consumption by throwing their support behind the Democratic candidates.
This election also saw the Populist Party, a coalition of farmers and laborers who wanted to overhaul the nation's financial system, make a small mark on Congress.

## Special elections

* Kentucky 6: June 21, 1890: William W. Dickerson (D) elected to finish the term of John G. Carlisle (D), who had resigned May 26, 1890 when elected U.S. senator. Democratic hold. Dickerson: 8,412 (63.95%), Wesley M. Rardin (R) 4,742 (36.05%).
* California 1: December 9, 1890: Thomas J. Geary (D) elected to finish the term of John J. De Haven (R), who had resigned October 1, 1890. Democratic gain.
* Iowa 7
* Missouri 14: James P. Walker (D) died July 19, 1890, and Robert H. Whitelaw (D) was elected November 4, 1890. Democratic hold.

## Election summaries

| 238 | 8 | 86 |
| Democratic | P | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Democratic | Populist | Populist | Republican | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change |
| Alabama | District | 8 | 8 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 |
| Arkansas | District | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| California | District | 6 | 2 | | 0 | | 4 | |
| Colorado | At-large | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Connecticut | District | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | | 1 | 2 |
| Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Florida | District | 2 | 2 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Georgia | District | 10 | 10 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Idaho | At-large | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Illinois | District | 20 | 14 | 7 | 0 | | 6 | 7 |
| Indiana | District | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 1 |
| Iowa | District | 11 | 6 | 5 | 0 | | 5 | 5 |
| Kansas | District | 7 | 0 | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 |
| Kentucky | District | 11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1 |
| Louisiana | District | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 |
| Maine | District | 4 | 0 | | 0 | | 4 | |
| Maryland | District | 6 | 6 | 3 | 0 | | 0 | 3 |
| Massachusetts | District | 12 | 7 | 5 | 0 | | 5 | 5 |
| Michigan | District | 11 | 8 | 6 | 0 | | 3 | 6 |
| Minnesota | District | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Mississippi | District | 7 | 7 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Missouri | District | 14 | 14 | 4 | 0 | | 0 | 4 |
| Montana | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 |
| Nebraska | District | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| New Hampshire | District | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | | 0 | 2 |
| New Jersey | District | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | | 2 | 2 |
| New York | District | 34 | 23 | 8 | 0 | | 11 | 8 |
| North Carolina | District | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | | 1 | 2 |
| North Dakota | At-large | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Ohio | District | 21 | 14 | 9 | 0 | | 7 | 9 |
| Oregon | At-large | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Pennsylvania | District | 28 | 11 | 4 | 0 | | 17 | 4 |
| Rhode Island | District | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | | 0 | 2 |
| South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | |
| Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 1 |
| Texas | District | 11 | 11 | | 0 | | 0 | |
| Vermont | District | 2 | 0 | | 0 | | 2 | |
| Virginia | District | 10 | 10 | 4 | 0 | | 0 | 4 |
| Washington | At-large | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| West Virginia | District | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | | 0 | 2 |
| Wisconsin | District | 9 | 8 | 6 | 0 | | 1 | 6 |
| Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Total | Total | 332 | 238 71.7% | 74 | 8 2.4% | 9 | 86 25.9% | 83 |
Popular vote
Democratic
50.71%
Republican
42.80%
Populist
1.87%
Others
4.62% :
House seats
Democratic
71.69%
Republican
25.90%
Populist
2.41% :
The previous election of 1888 saw the election of one Labor Party representative in Arkansas.
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Populist
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican :
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Populist gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Populist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change :

## Early election dates

In 1890, five states, with 9 seats among them, held elections early:
* June 3 Oregon
* September 2 Vermont
* September 8 Maine
* September 11 Idaho
* October 1 Wyoming
Idaho and Wyoming held elections for both the outgoing 51st Congress and the incoming 52nd Congress in 1890, having been admitted that year, and held future elections on the standard election day.

## California

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| California 1 | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1890. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Thomas J. Geary (Democratic) 49.3% ▌John A. Barham (Republican) 48.8% ▌L. B. Scranton (Prohibition) 1.9% |
| California 2 | Marion Biggs | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Anthony Caminetti (Democratic) 49% ▌George I. Blanchard (Republican) 48.6% ▌J. S. Witherell (Prohibition) 2.4% |
| California 3 | Joseph McKenna | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Joseph McKenna (Republican) 55.4% ▌John P. Irish (Democratic) 42.5% ▌O. O. Felkner (Prohibition) 2.1% |
| California 4 | William W. Morrow | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | ▌Y John T. Cutting (Republican) 49.2% ▌Robert Ferral (Democratic) 45.1% ▌Thomas V. Cator (Socialist) 5.6% ▌Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.2% |
| California 5 | Thomas J. Clunie | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | ▌Y Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 52.8% ▌Thomas J. Clunie (Democratic) 45.9% ▌E. F. Howe (Prohibition) 1.3% |
| California 6 | William Vandever | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | ▌Y William W. Bowers (Republican) 51.1% ▌W. J. Curtis (Democratic) 44.1% ▌O. R. Dougherty (Prohibition) 4.8% |

## Colorado

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Colorado at-large | Hosea Townsend | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Hosea Townsend (Republican) 51.3% ▌T. J. O'Donnell (Democratic) 41.3% ▌J. D. Burr (Independent) 12.0% |

## Connecticut

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut 1 | William E. Simonds | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Lewis Sperry (Democratic) 47.5% ▌William E. Simonds (Republican) 49.7% ▌Frederick G. Platt (Prohibition) 2.7% |
| Connecticut 2 | Washington F. Willcox | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Washington F. Willcox (Democratic) 52.9% ▌Josiah M. Hubbard (Republican) 44.9% ▌Charles F. Whittemore (Prohibition) 2.2% |
| Connecticut 3 | Charles A. Russell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Charles A. Russell (Republican) 50.7% ▌David A. Wells (Democratic) 45.9% ▌Herbert J. Crocker (Prohibition) 3.3% |
| Connecticut 4 | Frederick Miles | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Robert E. De Forest (Democratic) 50.2% ▌Frederick Miles (Republican) 47.7% ▌Lyman D. Baldwin (Prohibition) 2.1% |

## Delaware

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Delaware at-large | John B. Penington | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y John W. Causey (Democratic) 50.6% ▌Henry P. Carmon (Republican) 48.7% |

## Florida

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Florida 1 | Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Stephen Mallory II (Democratic) 78.5% ▌Harrison Reed (Republican) 21.5% |
| Florida 2 | Robert Bullock | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Robert Bullock (Democratic) 58.8% ▌Joseph Stripling (Republican) 41.2% |

## Idaho

There were two elections to the new state of Idaho.

### 51st Congress

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Idaho at-large | New district | New district | New district | New seat. Republican gain. | ▌Y Willis Sweet (Republican) 55.80% ▌Alex E. Mayhew (Democratic) 44.20% |

### 52nd Congress

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Idaho at-large | Willis Sweet | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y James B. Belford (Republican) 55.79% ▌Alex E. Mayhew (Democratic) 44.21% |

## Maine

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Maine 1 | Thomas B. Reed | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Thomas B. Reed (Republican) 57.18% ▌Melvin P. Frank (Democratic) 40.75% ▌Timothy B. Hussey (Prohibition) 1.90% |
| Maine 2 | Nelson Dingley Jr. | Republican | 1881 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Nelson Dingley Jr. (Republican) 58.03% ▌Charles E. Allen (Democratic) 39.35% ▌William H. Foster (Prohibition) 2.62% |
| Maine 3 | Seth L. Milliken | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Seth L. Milliken (Republican) 54.67% ▌Charles Baker (Democratic) 41.58% ▌Luther C. Bateman (Union Labor) 3.76% |
| Maine 4 | Charles A. Boutelle | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Charles A. Boutelle (Republican) 56.49% ▌Josiah Crosby (Democratic) 40.06% ▌Volney B. Cushing (Prohibition) 3.46% |

## Massachusetts

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Massachusetts 1 | Charles S. Randall | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Charles S. Randall (Republican) 53.76% ▌Charles R. Codman (Democratic) 40.17% ▌John D. Flint (Prohibition) 6.06% |
| Massachusetts 2 | Elijah A. Morse | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Elijah A. Morse (Republican) 52.26% ▌Bushrod Morse (Democratic) 44.43% ▌Thomas J. Lathrop (Prohibition) 3.31% |
| Massachusetts 3 | John F. Andrew | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John F. Andrew (Democratic) 56.15% ▌Edward L. Pierce (Republican) 41.89% ▌John W. Field (Prohibition) 1.96% |
| Massachusetts 4 | Joseph H. O'Neil | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected | ▌Y Joseph H. O'Neil (Democratic) 72.47% ▌Thomas Copeland (Republican) 25.66% ▌George L. Dacy (Prohibition) 1.87% |
| Massachusetts 5 | Nathaniel P. Banks | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent was not re-nominated. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Sherman Hoar (Democratic) 53.00% ▌James A. Fox (Republican) 43.79% ▌James H. Roberts (Prohibition) 3.21% |
| Massachusetts 6 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 50.01% ▌William Everett (Democratic) 46.44% ▌Charles E. Kimball (Prohibition) 3.55% |
| Massachusetts 7 | William Cogswell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y William Cogswell (Republican) 51.52% ▌Jonas H. French (Democratic) 44.98% ▌Jacob F. Spalding (Prohibition) 3.50% |
| Massachusetts 8 | Frederic T. Greenhalge | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Moses T. Stevens (Democratic) 49.86% ▌Frederic T. Greenhalge (Republican) 47.93% ▌Nathaniel A. Glidden (Prohibition) 2.20% |
| Massachusetts 9 | John W. Candler | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y George F. Williams (Democratic) 48.47% ▌John W. Candler (Republican) 47.95% ▌Melvin H. Walker (Prohibition) 3.57% |
| Massachusetts 10 | Joseph H. Walker | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Joseph H. Walker (Republican) 49.44% ▌Charles B. Pratt (Democratic) 46.33% ▌Herbert M. Small (Prohibition) 4.23% |
| Massachusetts 11 | Rodney Wallace | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Frederick S. Coolidge (Democratic) 40.00% ▌Timothy G. Spaulding (Republican) 39.36% ▌Myron P. Walker (Ind. Republican) 15.22% ▌Henry C. Smith (Prohibition) 5.42% |
| Massachusetts 12 | Francis W. Rockwell | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John C. Crosby (Democratic) 49.02% ▌Francis W. Rockwell (Republican) 47.48% ▌John Bascom (Prohibition) 3.50% |

## Minnesota

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Minnesota 1 | Mark H. Dunnell | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William H. Harries (Democratic/FA) 53.6% ▌Mark H. Dunnell (Republican) 46.4% |
| Minnesota 2 | John Lind | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John Lind (Republican) 49.2% ▌James H. Baker (Democratic/FA) 48.0% ▌Ira B. Reynolds (Prohibition) 2.7% |
| Minnesota 3 | Darwin Hall | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Osee M. Hall (Democratic) 50.5% ▌Darwin Hall (Republican) 37.5% ▌William W. Gamble (Farmers' Alliance) 8.8% ▌Charles R. Sheppard (Prohibition) 3.2% |
| Minnesota 4 | Samuel Snider | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y James Castle (Democratic) 51.8% ▌Samuel Snider (Republican) 43.5% ▌William J. Dean (Prohibition) 4.7% |
| Minnesota 5 | Solomon Comstock | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Populist gain. | ▌Y Kittel Halvorson (Populist/Proh./FA) 37.7% ▌Solomon Comstock (Republican) 33.9% ▌Alonzo Whiteman (Democratic) 28.4% |

## Mississippi

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Mississippi 1 | John M. Allen | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John M. Allen (Democratic) 100% |
| Mississippi 2 | James B. Morgan | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y John C. Kyle (Democratic) 67.07% ▌George M. Buchanan (Republican) 32.93% |
| Mississippi 3 | Thomas C. Catchings | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Thomas C. Catchings (Democratic) 75.85% ▌James Hill (Republican) 24.15% |
| Mississippi 4 | Clarke Lewis | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Clarke Lewis (Democratic) 80.52% ▌W. D. Frazee (Republican) 19.48% |
| Mississippi 5 | Chapman L. Anderson | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Joseph H. Beeman (Democratic) 100% |
| Mississippi 6 | T. R. Stockdale | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y T. R. Stockdale (Democratic) 71.25% ▌H. C. Griffin (Republican) 28.75% |
| Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Charles E. Hooker (Democratic) 75.60% ▌J. M. Matthews (Republican) 24.40% |

## Montana

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Montana at-large | Thomas H. Carter | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William W. Dixon (Democratic) 49.57% ▌Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 48.66% ▌W. T. Field (Labor) 1.25% ▌Andrew L. Corbly (Prohibition) 0.52% |

## Nebraska

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Nebraska 1 | William J. Connell | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William Jennings Bryan (Democratic) 44.49% ▌William J. Connell (Republican) 35.26% ▌Allen Root (Populist) 17.95% ▌E. H. Chapin (Prohibition) 2.30% |
| Nebraska 2 | Gilbert L. Laws | Republican | 1889 (special) | Incumbent retired. Populist gain. | ▌Y William A. McKeighan (Populist) 61.09% ▌N. V. Harlan (Republican) 36.85% ▌L. B. Palmer (Prohibition) 2.06% |
| Nebraska 3 | George W. E. Dorsey | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Populist gain. | ▌Y Omer M. Kem (Populist) 39.98% ▌George W. E. Dorsey (Republican) 31.95% ▌William H. Thompson (Democratic) 28.07% |

## North Carolina

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| North Carolina 1 | Thomas G. Skinner | Democratic | 1883 (special) 1886 (retired) 1888 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y William A. B. Branch (Democratic) 56.23% ▌Claude M. Bernard (Republican) 43.39% ▌Decatur W. Jarvis (Prohibition) 0.38% |
| North Carolina 2 | Henry P. Cheatham | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Henry P. Cheatham (Republican) 51.66% ▌James M. Mewborne (Democratic) 47.91% |
| North Carolina 3 | Charles W. McClammy | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Benjamin F. Grady (Democratic) 66.98% ▌George C. Scurlock (Republican) 32.97% |
| North Carolina 4 | Benjamin H. Bunn | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Benjamin H. Bunn (Democratic) 59.80% ▌Alexander McIver (Republican) 39.09% ▌James M. Templeton (Prohibition) 1.09% |
| North Carolina 5 | John M. Brower | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y A. H. A. Williams (Democratic) 52.55% ▌John M. Brower (Republican) 46.24% Others ▌Charles H. Ireland (Prohibition) 0.64% ▌Charles H. Moore (Ind. Republican) 0.56% |
| North Carolina 6 | Alfred Rowland | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Sydenham B. Alexander (Democratic) 66.62% ▌Richard M. Norment (Republican) 33.37% |
| North Carolina 7 | John S. Henderson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John S. Henderson (Democratic) 57.41% ▌Pleasant C. Thomas (Republican) 40.22% ▌Thomas M. George (Prohibition) 2.34% |
| North Carolina 8 | William H. H. Cowles | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y William H. H. Cowles (Democratic) 53.67% ▌Edward W. Faucette (Republican) 45.36% ▌Samuel M. McCall (Independent) 0.94% |
| North Carolina 9 | Hamilton G. Ewart | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William T. Crawford (Democratic) 51.83% ▌Hamilton G. Ewart (Republican) 48.17% |

## North Dakota

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| North Dakota at-large | Henry C. Hansbrough | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | ▌Y Martin N. Johnson (Republican) 59.03% ▌John D. Benton (Democratic) 40.97% |

## Ohio

The Ohio Legislature redistricted the state between censuses. Coupled with other Democratic gains, this redistricting gave the Democrats a nine-seat net gain.
| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Ohio 1 | Benjamin Butterworth | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | ▌Y Bellamy Storer (Republican) 53.7% ▌Otway Cosgrove (Democratic) 46.3% |
| Ohio 2 | John A. Caldwell | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John A. Caldwell (Republican) 60.6% ▌Alexander Long (Democratic) 39.4% |
| Ohio 3 | Elihu S. Williams | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | ▌Y George W. Houk (Democratic) 53.3% ▌Henry Lee Morey (Republican) 46.7% |
| Ohio 3 | Henry Lee Morey Redistricted from the 7th district | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y George W. Houk (Democratic) 53.3% ▌Henry Lee Morey (Republican) 46.7% |
| Ohio 4 | Samuel S. Yoder | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Martin K. Gantz (Democratic) 51.8% ▌William P. Orr (Republican) 48.2% |
| Ohio 5 | George E. Seney | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Fernando C. Layton (Democratic) 55.8% ▌Lawrence W. Stroup (Republican) 44.2% |
| Ohio 6 | Melvin M. Boothman | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Dennis D. Donovan (Democratic) 52.4% ▌Joseph H. Brigham (Republican) 47.6% |
| Ohio 7 | William E. Haynes Redistricted from the 10th district | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y William E. Haynes (Democratic) 51.6% ▌James M. Ashley (Republican) 48.4% |
| Ohio 8 | Robert P. Kennedy | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Darius D. Hare (Democratic) 50.3% ▌Charles Foster (Republican) 49.7% |
| Ohio 9 | William C. Cooper | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | ▌Y Joseph H. Outhwaite (Democratic) 54.1% ▌Thomas B. Wilson (Republican) 45.9% |
| Ohio 9 | Joseph H. Outhwaite Redistricted from the 13th district | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Joseph H. Outhwaite (Democratic) 54.1% ▌Thomas B. Wilson (Republican) 45.9% |
| Ohio 10 | None (new district) | None (new district) | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. | ▌Y Robert E. Doan (Republican) 54.4% ▌John Quincy Smith (Democratic) 45.6% |
| Ohio 11 | Albert C. Thompson | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John M. Pattison (Democratic) 55.0% ▌DeWitt Clinton Loudon (Republican) 45.0% |
| Ohio 12 | Jacob J. Pugsley | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | ▌Y William H. Enochs (Republican) 63.2% ▌Ezra V. Dean (Democratic) 36.8% |
| Ohio 13 | None (new district) | None (new district) | None (new district) | New district. Democratic gain. | ▌Y James I. Dungan (Democratic) 52.4% ▌William T. Lewis (Republican) 47.6% |
| Ohio 14 | Charles Preston Wickham | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | ▌Y James W. Owens (Democratic) 54.9% ▌Samuel Slade (Republican) 45.1% |
| Ohio 14 | James W. Owens Redistricted from the 16th district | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y James W. Owens (Democratic) 54.9% ▌Samuel Slade (Republican) 45.1% |
| Ohio 15 | Charles H. Grosvenor | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Michael D. Harter (Democratic) 55.2% ▌George L. Sackett (Republican) 44.8% |
| Ohio 16 | William McKinley Redistricted from the 18th district | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John G. Warwick (Democratic) 50.4% ▌William McKinley (Republican) 49.6% |
| Ohio 17 | None (new district) | None (new district) | None (new district) | New district. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Albert J. Pearson (Democratic) 51.2% ▌Christian L. Poorman (Republican) 58.8% |
| Ohio 18 | Joseph D. Taylor Redistricted from the 17th district | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Joseph D. Taylor (Republican) 59.1% ▌Henry H. McFadden (Democratic) 40.9% |
| Ohio 19 | Ezra B. Taylor | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Ezra B. Taylor (Republican) 61.9% ▌Thomas E. Hoyt (Democratic) 38.1% |
| Ohio 20 | Martin L. Smyser | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | ▌Y Vincent A. Taylor (Republican) 60.6% ▌Harlan L. Stewart (Democratic) 39.4% |
| Ohio 21 | Theodore E. Burton | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Tom L. Johnson (Democratic) 55.3% ▌Theodore E. Burton (Republican) 44.7% |

## South Carolina

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| South Carolina 1 | Samuel Dibble | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y William H. Brawley (Democratic) 84.2% ▌William D. Crum (Republican) 15.7% Others 0.1% |
| South Carolina 2 | George D. Tillman | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y George D. Tillman (Democratic) 85.5% ▌Seymour E. Smith (Republican) 14.3% Others 0.2% |
| South Carolina 3 | James S. Cothran | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y George Johnstone (Democratic) 91.4% ▌John R. Tolbert (Republican) 8.2% Others 0.4% |
| South Carolina 4 | William H. Perry | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y George W. Shell (Democratic) 81.9% ▌J. F. Ensor (Republican) 17.8% Others 0.3% |
| South Carolina 5 | John J. Hemphill | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John J. Hemphill (Democratic) 87.1% ▌G. G. Alexander (Republican) 12.2% Others 0.7% |
| South Carolina 6 | George W. Dargan | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Eli T. Stackhouse (Democratic) 78.8% ▌Edmund H. Deas (Republican) 20.5% Others 0.7% |
| South Carolina 7 | Thomas E. Miller | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William Elliott (Democratic) 44.4% ▌Thomas E. Miller (Republican) 38.8% ▌E. M. Brayton (Ind. Republican) 16.5% Others 0.3% |

## South Dakota

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| South Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket | John Pickler | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John Pickler (Republican) 22.65% ▌Y John R. Gamble (Republican) 22.45% ▌F. A. Leavitt (Independent) 16.18% ▌Fred Zipp (Independent) 16.12% ▌F. A. Clark (Democratic) 11.39% ▌W. Y. Quigley (Democratic) 11.22% |
| South Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket | Oscar S. Gifford | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | ▌Y John Pickler (Republican) 22.65% ▌Y John R. Gamble (Republican) 22.45% ▌F. A. Leavitt (Independent) 16.18% ▌Fred Zipp (Independent) 16.12% ▌F. A. Clark (Democratic) 11.39% ▌W. Y. Quigley (Democratic) 11.22% |

## Tennessee

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Tennessee 1 | Alfred A. Taylor | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Alfred A. Taylor (Republican) 48.98% ▌Roderick R. Butler (Ind. Republican) 45.79% ▌A. J. Buenner (Prohibition) 4.54% ▌P. M. Kiser (Ind. Democratic) 0.69% |
| Tennessee 2 | Leonidas C. Houk | Republican | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Leonidas C. Houk (Republican) 60.13% ▌J. C. Williams (Democratic) 34.75% ▌S. W. Williams (Democratic) 3.43% ▌W. C. Murphy (Prohibition) 1.70% |
| Tennessee 3 | H. Clay Evans | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Henry C. Snodgrass (Democratic) 50.25% ▌H. Clay Evans (Republican) 48.35% ▌J. E. Rogers (Prohibition) 1.40% |
| Tennessee 4 | Benton McMillin | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Benton McMillin (Democratic) 64.03% ▌C. W. Garrett (Republican) 33.66% ▌J. R. Goodpasture (Prohibition) 2.31% |
| Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y James D. Richardson (Democratic) 69.02% ▌P. C. Smithsen (Republican) 23.24% ▌H. R. Moore (Prohibition) 6.93% ▌P. C. Isbell (Independent) 0.82% |
| Tennessee 6 | Joseph E. Washington | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Joseph E. Washington (Democratic) 74.40% ▌Samuel M. Watson (Republican) 17.29% ▌W. D. Turnley (Prohibition) 8.31% |
| Tennessee 7 | Washington C. Whitthorne | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Nicholas N. Cox (Democratic) 60.86% ▌A. M. Hughes (Republican) 31.51% ▌John Graham (Prohibition) 7.63% |
| Tennessee 8 | Benjamin A. Enloe | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Benjamin A. Enloe (Democratic) 64.07% ▌J. R. McKinney (Republican) 23.01% ▌George McCall (Republican) 7.41% ▌James T. Warren (Prohibition) 5.51% |
| Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 70.64% ▌W. F. Poston (Republican) 22.94% ▌J. B. Cummings (Prohibition) 6.43% |
| Tennessee 10 | James Phelan Jr. | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Josiah Patterson (Democratic) 74.95% ▌L. B. Eaton (Republican) 24.38% Others ▌G. H. McClowan (Prohibition) 0.33% ▌W. A. Ealey (Unknown) 0.20% ▌J. W. Ewing (Unknown) 0.15% |

## Utah

See Non-voting delegates below.

## Vermont

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Vermont 1 | John W. Stewart | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | ▌Y H. Henry Powers (Republican) 66.5% ▌Thomas W. Moloney (Democratic) 33.4% |
| Vermont 2 | William W. Grout | Republican | 1880 1882 (lost) 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y William W. Grout (Republican) 66.8% ▌Stephen C. Shurtleff (Democratic) 33.1% |

## Virginia

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Virginia 1 | Thomas H. B. Browne | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William A. Jones (Democratic) 54.3% ▌Thomas H. B. Browne (Republican) 45.2% |
| Virginia 2 | George E. Bowden | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John W. Lawson (Democratic) 50.7% ▌George E. Bowden (Republican) 46.3% |
| Virginia 3 | Edmund Waddill Jr. | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | ▌Y George D. Wise (Democratic) 99.9% |
| Virginia 4 | John M. Langston | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y James F. Epes (Democratic) 57.1% ▌John M. Langston (Republican) 42.8% |
| Virginia 5 | Posey G. Lester | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Posey G. Lester (Democratic) 82.0% ▌S. C. Adams (Independent) 10.6% ▌J. Ring (Independent) 7.4% |
| Virginia 6 | Paul C. Edmunds | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Paul C. Edmunds (Democratic) 92.6% ▌William J. Shelburne (Prohibition) 7.2% |
| Virginia 7 | Charles T. O'Ferrall | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected | ▌Y Charles T. O'Ferrall (Democratic) 89.0% ▌I. M. Underwood (Prohibition) 10.7% |
| Virginia 8 | W. H. F. Lee | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y W. H. F. Lee (Democratic) 57.0% ▌Frank Hume (Ind. Democratic) 43.0% |
| Virginia 9 | John A. Buchanan | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John A. Buchanan (Democratic) 56.1% ▌George T. Mills (Republican) 43.9% |
| Virginia 10 | Henry St. George Tucker | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected | ▌Y Henry St. George Tucker (Democratic) 94.6% ▌A. J. Taylor (Independent) 5.2% |

## Washington

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Washington at-large | John L. Wilson | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John L. Wilson (Republican) 56.0% ▌Thomas Carroll (Democratic) 44.0% |

## West Virginia

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| West Virginia 1 | George W. Atkinson | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John O. Pendleton (Democratic) 49.62% ▌William P. Hubbard (Republican) 49.03% ▌Francis M. Lynch (Prohibition) 1.16% ▌C. H. Davis (Union Labor) 0.20% |
| West Virginia 2 | William L. Wilson | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y William L. Wilson (Democratic) 51.20% ▌George Hourian (Republican) 48.39% Others ▌Aaron Baker (Prohibition) 0.36% ▌John M. Hancock (Union Labor) 0.05% |
| West Virginia 3 | John D. Alderson | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John D. Alderson (Democratic) 56.06% ▌Theophilus Gaines (Republican) 43.29% ▌J. E. Middleton (Prohibition) 0.65% |
| West Virginia 4 | Charles B. Smith | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y James Capehart (Democratic) 51.09% ▌Charles B. Smith (Republican) 48.40% ▌M. S. Hall (Prohibition) 0.52% |

## Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1890.
| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Wisconsin 1 | Lucien B. Caswell | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Clinton Babbitt (Democratic) 48.3% ▌Henry Allen Cooper (Republican) 47.3% ▌Stephen Faville (Prohibition) 4.4% |
| Wisconsin 2 | Charles Barwig | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Charles Barwig (Democratic) 65.8% ▌D. C. Van Brunt (Republican) 34.2% |
| Wisconsin 3 | Robert M. La Follette | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Allen R. Bushnell (Democratic) 49.2% ▌Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 46.2% ▌Marion Ames (Prohibition) 4.7% |
| Wisconsin 4 | Isaac W. Van Schaick | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John L. Mitchell (Democratic) 56.0% ▌Robert C. Spencer (Republican) 40.0% ▌Robert C. Schilling (Union Labor) 3.6% ▌Charles E. Reed (Prohibition) 0.3% |
| Wisconsin 5 | George H. Brickner | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y George H. Brickner (Democratic) 67.2% ▌Thomas M. Blackstock (Republican) 30.7% ▌George McKenney (Prohibition) 2.1% |
| Wisconsin 6 | Charles B. Clark | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Lucas M. Miller (Democratic) 51.7% ▌Charles B. Clark (Republican) 44.5% ▌George W. Gates (Prohibition) 3.8% |
| Wisconsin 7 | Ormsby B. Thomas | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Frank P. Coburn (Democratic) 50.8% ▌Ormsby B. Thomas (Republican) 44.2% ▌Sylvanus Holmes (Prohibition) 4.9% |
| Wisconsin 8 | Nils P. Haugen | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Nils P. Haugen (Republican) 49.2% ▌William F. Bailey (Democratic) 42.7% ▌W. C. Jones (Prohibition) 8.1% |
| Wisconsin 9 | Myron H. McCord | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Thomas Lynch (Democratic) 54.4% ▌Myron H. McCord (Republican) 42.6% ▌J. H. Vrooman (Prohibition) 2.9% ▌George Wilbur Peck (Write-in) 0.1% |

## Wyoming

Republican Clarence D. Clark was elected over Democrat George T. Beck in a single ballot both to finish the current term (ending 1891) and the next term (beginning 1891).
| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Wyoming at-large | Vacant (new seat) | Vacant (new seat) | Vacant (new seat) | Republican gain. | ▌Y Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 58.22% ▌George T. Beck (Democratic) 41.78% |

## Non-voting delegates
### 51st Congress

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Oklahoma Territory at-large | New seat | New seat | New seat | New seat. New delegate elected to finish the current term. Republican gain. | ▌Y David Archibald Harvey (Republican) [data missing] |

### 52nd Congress

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Arizona Territory at-large |
| New Mexico Territory at-large |
| Oklahoma Territory at-large | New seat | New seat | New seat | New seat. New delegate elected to the next term. Republican gain. | ▌Y David Archibald Harvey (Republican) [data missing] |
| Utah Territory at-large | John T. Caine | Populist | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected | ▌Y John T. Caine (Populist) [data missing] |