# Meycauayan

Meycauayan, officially the City of Meycauayan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Meycauayan), is a 1st class component city in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 225,673 people.

## Etymology

The place got its name from the Tagalog words may kawayan which is literally translated to English as there is bamboo. It was formerly known as Mecabayan, a Kapampangan name.

## History

During the Spanish colonization of the country, the town of Meycauayan was established as a settlement by a group of Spanish priests belonging to the Franciscan Order. In 1578, its early inhabitants came into contact with Christianity. In that same year, Father Juan de Placencia and Diego Oropesa built the first church structure, which was believed to be made of nipa and bamboo. Common to all Spanish settlements in that period was the adoption of a patron saint for the newly opened town. Meycauayan has St. Francis of Assisi as the Patron Saint. It was only in 1668, however, that a concrete church structure was erected.
Meycauayan was then one of the largest towns in the province of Bulacan. The towns, which fell under its political jurisdiction, were San Jose del Monte, Bocaue, Valenzuela (formerly Polo), Obando, Marilao, Santa Maria and Pandi. It was also regarded as the unofficial capital of the province, being the hub of activities brought about by the establishment of the market center and the presence of the Spanish military detachment. During the revolution, which was set off by the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal in 1896, Meycauayan contributed its share in the fight against the Spanish conquistadores. Among her sons who figured prominently in the revolution were: Andres Pacheco, Ciriaco Contreras, Guillermo Contreras, Guillermo Bonque, Tiburcio Zuela, and Liberato Exaltacion. There were many others who had joined the revolution and had displayed their exceptional heroism until 1898, when the country gained its independence from Spain.
Between 1901 and 1913, Marilao became part of Meycauayan.
In 1949, a big fire razed the market center and several business establishments in the town, causing setbacks to the development of the municipality. It took several years to recover from the destruction and property losses. However, in the 1960s and early part of 1970s, new hope for the development was ushered in. Reconstruction and rehabilitation of infrastructure facilities were made possible through the assistance of the provincial and national governments. A more sound economic base was established and crop production more than doubled.

### Cityhood

Meycauayan twice attempted for cityhood. The first was filed by district representative Angelito Sarmiento, seeking the conversion of the then-municipality of Meycauayan into a component city, which was signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on March 5, 2001 as Republic Act No. 9021.
The plebiscite for the ratification, along with that of Cauayan, Isabela (by virtue of RA No. 9017 dated February 28), was scheduled by the Commission on Elections on March 30. The bid however failed, and Meycauayan remained a municipality. (Meanwhile, affirmative votes won in the separate plebiscite in Cauayan.)
For the second time, in another attempt for conversion, district representative Reylina Nicolas authored House Bill 4397 (dated July 24, 2006), which was later signed into law by President Arroyo as RA No. 9356 on October 2, 2006.
Meycauayan cityhood plebiscites :
| Choice | 2001 1st attempt | 2001 1st attempt | 2006 2nd attempt | 2006 2nd attempt |
| Choice | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Yes | 8,109 | 35.42% | 8,247 | 59.01% |
| No | 14,788 | 64.58% | 5,728 | 40.99% |
| Total (valid) votes | 22,897 | 100% | 13,975 | 100% |
| Registered voters/turnout | — | — | 118,339 | 11.81% |
| Result | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Sources | | | | |
A plebiscite was held on December 10, where the cityhood was eventually ratified and the proclamation was made in the evening. It was noted that compared to the first plebiscite, the second showed that only more than a hundred voters were added to those in favor of the conversion, as well as a sharp decline in the number of those who were against.
With the ratification, Meycauayan became Bulacan's third component city, following San Jose del Monte in 2000, and Malolos, whose loss in its cityhood bid in 1999 was reversed following a recount.

### Contemporary

Today, the city of Meycauayan has transformed into a major economic and industrial hub in the Province of Bulacan and the rest of Region III.

## Geography

The City of Meycauayan is generally surrounded with plain land and gentle rolling hills. Meycauayan is named to Filipino phrase may kawayan that means "with bamboo". Comfortably above sea level, this terrain is an interweaving of greenery and concrete road network. The slope of the land dips towards a west to north westerly direction. River, natural lake and drainage waterways envelope and criss-cross the area.
The city is located 19 kilometers (12 mi) north of Manila and 26 kilometers (16 mi) south of Malolos City, the provincial capital city. It is bounded by the town of Marilao to the north, the two Metro Manila cities of Valenzuela to the south and Caloocan (North) to the east, and the town of Obando to the west.

### Barangays

Meycauayan is administratively subdivided into 26 urban barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 031412001 | Bagbaguin | 3.4% | 7,760 | 6,908 | ▴ | 1.17% |
| 031412002 | Bahay Pare | 5.1% | 11,568 | 10,221 | ▴ | 1.25% |
| 031412003 | Bancal | 5.6% | 12,589 | 14,242 | ▾ | −1.23% |
| 031412004 | Banga | 1.3% | 2,913 | 2,911 | ▴ | 0.01% |
| 031412005 | Bayugo | 8.2% | 18,560 | 17,982 | ▴ | 0.32% |
| 031417026 | Caingin | 2.4% | 5,443 | 4,763 | ▴ | 1.34% |
| 031412006 | Calvario | 2.4% | 5,317 | 5,009 | ▴ | 0.60% |
| 031412007 | Camalig | 4.0% | 8,972 | 8,042 | ▴ | 1.10% |
| 031412008 | Hulo | 0.7% | 1,675 | 1,636 | ▴ | 0.24% |
| 031412009 | Iba | 3.6% | 8,032 | 7,450 | ▴ | 0.75% |
| 031412010 | Langka | 1.7% | 3,871 | 3,179 | ▴ | 1.99% |
| 031412011 | Lawa | 5.7% | 12,854 | 13,392 | ▾ | −0.41% |
| 031412012 | Libtong | 4.7% | 10,552 | 10,190 | ▴ | 0.35% |
| 031412013 | Liputan | 0.7% | 1,584 | 1,546 | ▴ | 0.24% |
| 031412014 | Longos | 1.5% | 3,412 | 3,300 | ▴ | 0.33% |
| 031412015 | Malhacan | 9.8% | 22,205 | 20,914 | ▴ | 0.60% |
| 031412016 | Pajo | 2.7% | 6,166 | 5,168 | ▴ | 1.78% |
| 031412017 | Pandayan | 6.8% | 15,264 | 14,703 | ▴ | 0.38% |
| 031412018 | Pantoc | 5.2% | 11,804 | 10,554 | ▴ | 1.13% |
| 031412019 | Perez | 7.6% | 17,251 | 15,779 | ▴ | 0.90% |
| 031412020 | Poblacion | 0.2% | 348 | 239 | ▴ | 3.83% |
| 031412021 | Saluysoy | 4.6% | 10,347 | 10,603 | ▾ | −0.24% |
| 031412022 | Saint Francis (Gasak) | 0.6% | 1,288 | 1,286 | ▴ | 0.02% |
| 031412023 | Tugatog | 2.0% | 4,407 | 4,288 | ▴ | 0.27% |
| 031412024 | Ubihan | 1.0% | 2,225 | 2,279 | ▾ | −0.24% |
| 031412025 | Zamora | 2.4% | 5,443 | 2,570 | ▴ | 7.79% |
| | Total | Total | 225,673 | 199,154 | ▴ | 1.26% |

### Climate

Climate data for Meycauayan City, Bulacan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 32 (90) | 34 (93) | 33 (91) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 31 (87) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7 (0.3) | 7 (0.3) | 9 (0.4) | 21 (0.8) | 101 (4.0) | 152 (6.0) | 188 (7.4) | 170 (6.7) | 159 (6.3) | 115 (4.5) | 47 (1.9) | 29 (1.1) | 1,005 (39.7) |
| Average rainy days | 3.3 | 3.5 | 11.1 | 8.1 | 18.9 | 23.5 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 24.5 | 19.6 | 10.4 | 6.4 | 181.2 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of Meycauayan was 225,673 people, with a density of 7,000 inhabitants per square kilometer or 18,000 inhabitants per square mile.
* 50,000
* 100,000
* 150,000
* 200,000
* 250,000
* 300,000
* 1990 3,860/km$^2$
* 1995 4,270/km$^2$
* 2000 5,100/km$^2$
* 2007 6,100/km$^2$
* 2010 6,200/km$^2$
* 2015 6,500/km$^2$
* 2020 7,000/km$^2$

## Government
### Local government

The Sangguniang Panlungsod is the legislature of the government of Meycauayan. As defined by the Local Government Code of 1991, the legislatures have legislative and quasi-judicial powers and functions. The members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod, often referred to as councilors are either elected or ex-officio and includes a city's vice mayor who serves as the presiding officer.
2022-2025 Meycauayan City Officials :
| Position | Name | Party |
| Mayor | Henry R. Villarica | PFP |
| Vice Mayor | Josefina O. Violago | PFP |
| Councilors | Anna Kathrina M. Hernandez | PFP |
| Councilors | Mariano V. Alarilla II | NUP |
| Councilors | Ronald S. Palomares | PFP |
| Councilors | Jerimeco S. Dulalia | PFP |
| Councilors | Raoul M. Atadero | PFP |
| Councilors | Mario T. Berboso | PFP |
| Councilors | Danilo B. Abacan Jr. | PFP |
| Councilors | Larissa A. San Diego | PFP |
| Councilors | Wilfredo D. Macatulad | PFP |
| Councilors | Rovielyn A. Cabigquez | NUP |
| Ex Officio Municipal Council Members ||||
| ABC President | Carlito O. Magno (Tugatog) | Nonpartisan |
| SK Federation President | Jin Marie Eugenie L. Misuse (Malhacan) | Nonpartisan |

### Past officials

List of mayors of Meycauayan :
| No. | Presidente Municipal | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Tomas Testa | 1902 | 1903 |
| 2 | Aquedo Noriega | 1903 | 1905 |
| 3 | Dalmacio Ferrer | 1906 | 1907 |
| 4 | Aquedo Noriega | 1907 | 1909 |
| 5 | Cedistino Juson | 1910 | 1916 |
| 6 | Liberato Exaltacion | 1917 | 1921 |
| 7 | Jose Peñas | 1921 | 1922 |
| 8 | Hermogenes Lim | 1922 | 1925 |
| 9 | Maximo Albaño | 1925 | 1928 |
| 10 | Moises Buñing | 1928 | 1931 |
| 11 | Hermogenes Lim | 1931 | 1934 |
| 12 | Perfecto Reyes Lim | 1934 | 1937 |
| No. | Alcalde | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Enrique Legaspi | 1938 | 1942 |
| 2 | Dr. Restituto Calaguas | 1942 | 1945 |
| 3 | Patricio Alcaraz | 1945 | 1945 |
| 4 | Marcelo Lucero | 1945 | 1945 |
| 5 | Jacinto Legaspi | 1945 | 1945 |
| No. | Municipal Mayors | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Dr. Lope Daez | 1946 | 1951 |
| 2 | Dr. Lope Daez | 1956 | 1959 |
| 3 | Pedro Carreon | 1960 | 1963 |
| 4 | Celso Legaspi | 1964 | 1978 |
| 5 | Jose Catajan | 1980 | 1982 |
| 6 | Adriano Daez | 1982 | 1986 |
| 7 | Ernesto Cabigas | 1986 | 1987 |
| 8 | Oscar Legaspi | 1987 | 1987 |
| 9 | Rolando Liwanag | 1987 | 1988 |
| 10 | Florentino Blanco | 1988 | 1992 |
| 11 | Edgardo Nolasco | 1995 | 1998 |
| 12 | Eduardo Alarilla | 1998 | 2006 |
| No. | City Mayors | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Eduardo Alarilla | 2006 | 2007 |
| 2 | Joan Alarilla | 2007 | 2016 |
| 3 | Henry Villarica | 2016 | 2019 |
| 4 | Linabelle Villarica | 2019 | 2022 |
| 3 | Henry Villarica | 2022 | incumbent |

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Meycauayan
* 2.5
* 5
* 7.5
* 10
* 12.5
* 15
* 2000 13.15
* 2003 7.97
* 2006 4.20
* 2009 4.51
* 2012 1.71
* 2015 5.84
* 2018 5.17
* 2021 12.62
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
The City of Meycauayan is the economic, industrial, commercial, financial and educational center of southern Bulacan. The city is known for its jewelry and leather industries. For years, Meycauayan has been the hub of jewelry production in the Philippines and in Asia. It is known for its low-priced jewelries. The locality also produces leather goods. Shoes, bags and every kind of leather product has been traditionally manufactured here. A number of leather tanneries still operate in Meycauayan, which over the years have converted the city into a hub for leather goods.
In 2016, the total net income for Meycauayan is worth Php 6.875 billion, making it the richest in the province of Bulacan and 18th-highest-income city in the Philippines.

### Industrial compounds and parks

The City of Meycauayan is also home to many industrial parks and compounds.
* Meycauayan Industrial Subd. I, II, III & IV
* Meridian Industrial Compound
* Muralla Industrial Park
* First Valenzuela Industrial Compound
* Sterling Industrial Park Phase I, II, III & IV

## Education

Meycauayan City have its own division of schools since January 2013. The City Schools Division of Meycauayan has two districts, Meycauayan West District and Meycauayan East District.
There are 24 public elementary schools and 4 public high schools as well as 11 private schools in the city. There are also tertiary schools in Meycauayan. Polytechnic College of the City of Meycauayan is under the funding and management of the City Government, currently located at Pag-asa Street, Barangay Malhacan. Meycauayan College is a private educational institution in Barangay Calvario and Malhacan. It was established in 1925 as Meycauayan Institute. Other than tertiary education, it also offers primary and secondary education.

## Religion

Saint Francis of Assisi Parish Church, commonly known as the Meycauayan Church, is a Roman Catholic church located in Meycauayan, Philippines. It is one of the oldest parishes in Bulacan which even predates the Malolos Cathedral established in 1580 and the Barasoain Church established in 1859. It is also the province's largest parish with an estimated population of about 80,000 parishioners. The church is the seat of the vicariate of St. Francis of Assisi in the Diocese of Malolos.

### Feasts

Liputan Barrio Fiesta
This festival takes place every 2nd Sunday of May in Barangay Liputan. After a nine-day novena, the fiesta culminates with a colorful fluvial procession in honor of the "Mahal na Señor", an image of the Crucified Christ venerated on the island of Liputan. The image, along with those of the Virgin and St. Joseph, are placed on a pagoda, a makeshift bamboo bier constructed on boats and decorated with buntings. The images are then taken to the old church in the town center of Meycauayan for a mass.
Feast of St. Francis of Assisi
It is a celebration held in the oldest church in Meycauayan, the St. Francis of Assisi Parish Church in Barangay Poblacion, which commemorates the foundation of the city in 1578 by the Franciscans. Before, it has come to be known as the "Kawayanan Festival", and includes an animal parade, street dancing, and other related cultural activities. It is held every fourth of October.

### Religious organizations/denominations

Like other cities and municipalities in the Philippines, Meycauayan hosts no official religion as the 1987 Constitution mandates that there shall be no state religion and that it provides for the separation of church and state.
Church buildings and related structures from various sects and denominations are scattered in Meycauayan. They come mostly from Christians with their religious denominations and orders like the Catholic Church, the Born-again, the Baptists, the Jehovah's Witnesses and the Iglesia ni Cristo, while the city also has mosques and centers for Islam.
There are Light Church Meycauayan and Jesus Is Lord Church Meycauayan Chapter as well.

## Issues and controversies
### Mayoralty dispute (1995–2008)

The succession of the city's administration was put into question by a series of legal cases between two then-Mayors. Florentino Blanco, town mayor from 1987 to 1992, ran in 1995 but was disqualified by the Supreme Court for vote buying on July 21, 1997. Blanco was replaced by Vice Mayor Eduardo Nolasco in an acting capacity, serving out the remainder of his term.
Blanco ran again in 1998 but lost to Eduardo Alarilla; Blanco attempted to file an election protest against Alarilla but the COMELEC dismissed the case. He attempted to run again in 2004 but later withdrew his candidacy. In 2007, he ran once more but lost to Eduardo Alarilla's wife, Joan Alarilla (Mr. Alarilla has then reached the three-term limit imposed by law). The then Mayor Alarilla then attempted to disqualify Blanco; the COMELEC ruled in favor of Alarilla, but the Supreme Court reversed this decision, stating that Blanco is still eligible to run for public office.

### Heirs of Anacleto Nieto vs. Meycauayan, Bulacan

On December 13, 2007, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ordered Meycauayan, Bulacan to surrender peaceful possession to the Heirs of Anacleto Nieto, and vacate the 3,882 square meters lot, at Poblacion, Meycauayan, TCT No. T-24.055 (M) which it used and even constructed an extension of the public market therein. Meycauayan was also ordered to pay the reasonable value of the property and P 1,716,000.00 as reasonable compensation for the use of the property from 1966 until the filing of the complaint on December 28, 1994.

### Pollution

In 2007, The Meycauayan and the neighboring town of Marilao in Bulacan province shared a slot in the list of the world's 30 most polluted places in the developing world drawn up by the private New York-based institute Pure Earth. In its report, "The World’s Worst Polluted Places" for 2007, Pure Earth said: "Industrial waste is haphazardly dumped into the Meycauayan, Marilao and Obando River system, a source of drinking and agricultural water supplies for the 250,000 people living in and around" the Meycauayan-Marilao area. Meycauayan also shares border with Caloocan.

## Gallery

* The Parish Church of St. Francis of Assisi
* Meycauayan Heritage Bells
* 2005 Meycauayan City Hall (Camalig)
* Old Municipal Hall in Poblacion (later demolished and replaced by Meycauayan Convention Center)
* Meycauayan River
* Mangroves in Barangay Ubihan
* Pagoda ng Mahal na Señor ng Liputan
* Old Meycauayan Train Station

## Notable people

* Lydia de Vega – track and field athlete, Asian Games medalist
* Rans Rifol – actress, former member of MNL48
* Roel Cortez – singer, songwriter
* Chelsea Manalo – beauty pageant titleholder, Miss Universe Philippines 2024
* Rey Valera – singer, songwriter