# Kaizhou, Chongqing

Kaizhou District (Chinese: 开州区), formerly known as Kai County, Kaixian or Kaihsien (Chinese: 开县) is a district under the jurisdiction of Chongqing Municipality, in southwestern China, bordering Sichuan province to the west. It has an area of 3,959 square km. As of the end of 2009, it had a population of 1.62 million. It is located 330 kilometers from the urban centre of Chongqing proper.

## History

The county has a history dating back some 1800 years.
In 1373, during the Ming Dynasty, it adopted the name Kaizhou.
In the summer of 1907, there were disturbances in Kai County. Around that time, government schools, Roman Catholic premises and China Inland Mission property as well as the homes of many Chinese Christians in Kai County were successively looted and destroyed.
Li Ching-Yuen, known for his supposed extreme longevity, died in Kai County in 1933.
Unusual rain patterns and flooding in the Summer of 1982 led to land subsidence. It was reported in the September 6, 1982 edition of the Sichuan Daily that, "In the fourth Tuoxiang brigade, Hujia commune, Yuexi District, Kai County, more than 300 mu of land subsided; and 310 houses owned by a commune unit, a supply and marketing cooperative, 10 units and 16 commune households all subsided."
Until 2004 the county was one of the poorest in the municipality, home to some 10% of Chongqing municipality residents that lived in poverty. The government has attempted to remedy this in recent years.
In the March 27, 2015 edition of Beijing Today, Kai County was noted as "the nation's largest exporter of migrant labor. There were 535,000 from that county in 2014, and 15 percent were older than 50. In Fengcun Village, half the villagers are migrant workers."
Kaizhou has been developing rapidly in recent years as the government works to maintain Hanfeng lake and encourage more people to invest in Kaizhou.

## Administrative divisions

As of 2018, Kaizhou District administered seven subdistricts, twenty-six towns and seven townships.
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Zhendong Subdistrict | 镇东街道 | Zhèndōng Jiēdào | 18,819 | 26.5 |
| Fengle Subdistrict | 丰乐街道 | Fēnglè Jiēdào | 19,851 | 25 |
| Baihe Subdistrict | 白鹤街道 | Báihè Jiēdào | 40,937 | 79.2 |
| Hanfeng Subdistrict | 汉丰街道 | Hànfēng Jiēdào | 85,107 | 52 |
| Wenfeng Subdistrict | 文峰街道 | Wénfēng Jiēdào | 69,747 | 23.9 |
| Yunfeng Subdistrict | 云枫街道 | Yúnfēng Jiēdào | 41,674 | 23.74 |
| Zhaojia Subdistrict | 赵家街道 | Zhàojiā Jiēdào | 39,910 | 152 |
| Guojia town | 郭家镇 | Guōjiā Zhèn | 31,394 | 79 |
| Wenquan town | 温泉镇 | Wēnquán Zhèn | 39,402 | 149 |
| Tieqiao town | 铁桥镇 | Tiěqiáo Zhèn | 42,085 | 115 |
| Nanya town | 南雅镇 | Nányǎ Zhèn | 28,382 | 70 |
| Heqian town | 和谦镇 | Héqiān Zhèn | 20,632 | 80 |
| Zhen'an town | 镇安镇 | Zhèn'ān Zhèn | 15,452 | 56.67 |
| Zhuxi town | 竹溪镇 | Zhúxī Zhèn | 22,900 | 84 |
| Qukou town | 渠口镇 | Qúkǒu Zhèn | 14,437 | 68 |
| Houba town | 厚坝镇 | Hòubà Zhèn | 17,358 | 49 |
| Gaoqiao town | 高桥镇 | Gāoqiáo Zhèn | 23,608 | 78 |
| Yihe town | 义和镇 | Yìhé Zhèn | 26,313 | 61 |
| Dajin town | 大进镇 | Dàjìn Zhèn | 32,213 | 251 |
| Changsha town | 长沙镇 | Chángshā Zhèn | 47,170 | 136 |
| Linjiang town | 临江镇 | Línjiāng Zhèn | 71,149 | 123.2 |
| Dunhao town | 敦好镇 | Dūnhǎo Zhèn | 36,863 | 144 |
| Zhonghe town | 中和镇 | Zhōnghé Zhèn | 43,318 | 89 |
| Yuexi town | 岳溪镇 | Yuèxī Zhèn | 47,802 | 186 |
| Nanmen town | 南门镇 | Nánmén Zhèn | 40,941 | 158 |
| Heyan town | 河堰镇 | Héyàn Zhèn | 19,589 | 154 |
| Jiulongshan town | 九龙山镇 | Jiǔlóngshān Zhèn | 32,696 | 135 |
| Baiqiao town | 白桥镇 | Báiqiáo Zhèn | 13,796 | 84 |
| Tianhe town | 天和镇 | Tiānhé Zhèn | 14,818 | 67 |
| Jinfeng town | 金峰镇 | Jīnfēng Zhèn | 13,355 | 57 |
| Tanjia town | 谭家镇 | Tánjiā Zhèn | 15,261 | 125 |
| Wushan town | 巫山镇 | Wūshān Zhèn | 19,829 | 117 |
| Dade town | 大德镇 | Dàdé Zhèn | 31,548 | 118 |
| Baiquan Township | 白泉乡 | Báiquán Xiāng | 8,229 | 196 |
| Guanmian Township | 关面乡 | Guānmiàn Xiāng | 7,127 | 146.5 |
| Manyue Township | 满月乡 | Mǎnyuè Xiāng | 10,057 | 148.7 |
| Wutong Township | 五通乡 | Wǔtōng Xiāng | 10,057 | 60.67 |
| Maliu Township | 麻柳乡 | Máliǔ Xiāng | 17,451 | 96 |
| Zishui Township | 紫水乡 | Zǐshuǐ Xiāng | 20,396 | 94 |
| Sanhuikou Township | 三汇口乡 | Sānhuìkǒu Xiāng | 13,190 | 77.28 |

## Climate

Climate data for Kaizhou, elevation 217 m (712 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.4 (68.7) | 27.7 (81.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.4 (102.9) | 41.2 (106.2) | 42.2 (108.0) | 43.2 (109.8) | 43.1 (109.6) | 35.8 (96.4) | 28.7 (83.7) | 20.5 (68.9) | 43.2 (109.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) | 13.9 (57.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 24.8 (76.6) | 28.3 (82.9) | 31.2 (88.2) | 34.7 (94.5) | 35.1 (95.2) | 29.8 (85.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 12.1 (53.8) | 23.5 (74.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) | 9.7 (49.5) | 14.0 (57.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.0 (84.2) | 24.7 (76.5) | 19.1 (66.4) | 14.1 (57.4) | 8.8 (47.8) | 18.7 (65.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 10.6 (51.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 19.2 (66.6) | 22.5 (72.5) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 11.6 (52.9) | 6.7 (44.1) | 15.5 (59.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) | −2.1 (28.2) | 0.2 (32.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 16.9 (62.4) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.1 (55.6) | 4.3 (39.7) | 1.0 (33.8) | −3.6 (25.5) | −3.6 (25.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.6 (0.65) | 21.4 (0.84) | 54.3 (2.14) | 104.1 (4.10) | 172.7 (6.80) | 194.6 (7.66) | 186.7 (7.35) | 156.5 (6.16) | 174.0 (6.85) | 123.1 (4.85) | 57.5 (2.26) | 18.9 (0.74) | 1,280.4 (50.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.3 | 7.4 | 11.0 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 14.2 | 13.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.8 | 10.5 | 8.3 | 138.3 |
| Average snowy days | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 81 | 77 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 78 | 74 | 71 | 76 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 38.4 | 47.8 | 96.4 | 132.3 | 135.4 | 136.2 | 195.5 | 207.4 | 130.3 | 89.1 | 64.9 | 36.4 | 1,310.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 12 | 15 | 26 | 34 | 32 | 32 | 46 | 51 | 36 | 26 | 21 | 12 | 29 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||