OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Touro College Berlin

Touro University Berlin is a small independent American college in Berlin, Germany.
Touro University Berlin was founded in 2003 as the first and only Jewish-American college in Germany. The college is part of the Touro University System network with branches in New York, Paris, Moscow, and Jerusalem, among other locations. While all the Touro Colleges have an American background, students and faculty at Touro University Berlin come from all over the world, hence, the language of instruction is English.
Touro University Berlin offers four-year undergraduate degrees in Business and Psychology and a Master of Business Administration. Students can obtain a German and a US degree at the same time if they are eligible. Graduate students can also study for the MA Holocaust Communication and Tolerance. Touro University Berlin has been fully accredited by the de:Wissenschaftsrat in 2012, and by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and New York State Department of Education.
Touro University Berlin is the only college in Germany where it is possible to study a full MA program on the history of the Holocaust.
The college is located in the historic Paul Lindemann villa, designed by modernist architect Bruno Paul, in the leafy suburb of Charlottenburg overlooking the Havel river.
# Abdul Mannan (educator)

Abdul Mannan is a Bangladeshi educator. He served as the 12th chairman of University Grants Commission of Bangladesh during 2015–2019 and the vice-chancellor of the University of Chittagong during 1996–2001.

## Education and career

Mannan earned his master's in Management from the University of Dhaka in 1972. He completed his graduate and post-graduate studies from the University of Hawaii and the Miami University in 1978.
Mannan started his career when he joined the Department of Management of the University of Chittagong as a lecturer in 1973. He conducted advanced research on international commerce in Ohio State University in 1989.
In 1996, Mannan became the youngest vice-chancellor of the country when was appointed at the University of Chittagong.
In 2005, Mannan took an early retirement from the University of Chittagong. He then became an Advisor to the board of trustees and a full-time Professor in the Business School of the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB). He also served as a professor in the Department of Business and the Dean of Faculties at the East West University.
As chairman of the University Grants Commission, Mannan banned private universities from admitting students with GED certificates in 2018.
# FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1932

The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1932 were held 4–6 February in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, the second edition of the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships alpine skiing competition and organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The combined event was added to the program.
Alpine skiing was not yet a part of the Winter Olympics in 1932, held 4–15 February in Lake Placid, New York; it was added to the Olympic program in 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.

## Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Downhill | Gustav Lantschner (AUT) | David Zogg (SUI) | Otto Furrer (SUI) |
| Slalom | Friedl Däuber (GER) | Otto Furrer (SUI) | Hans Hauser (AUT) |
| Combined | Otto Furrer (SUI) | Hans Hauser (AUT) | Gustav Lantschner (AUT) |

## Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Downhill | Paula Wiesinger (ITA) | Inge Wersin-Lantschner (AUT) | Hady Lantschner (AUT) |
| Slalom | Rösli Streiff (SUI) | Durell Sale-Barker (GBR) | Doreen Elliott (GBR) |
| Combined | Rösli Streiff (SUI) | Inge Wersin-Lantschner (AUT) | Hady Lantschner (AUT) |

## Medal table

* Host nation (Italy)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Switzerland (SUI) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| 2 | Austria (AUT) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| 3 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Italy (ITA)* | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |
# The Struggle for India's Soul

The Struggle for India's Soul: Nationalism and the Fate of Democracy is a book by Shashi Tharoor which was published on 26 November 2021 by Hurst Publishers.

## Critical review

Tunku Varadarajan of The Wall Street Journal wrote "Where Mr. Tharoor’s book is at its weakest is in its absence of clear remedies or solutions, beyond well-meaning but somewhat trite assertions that India needs “a rearmed liberalism, with a mass movement for the restoration of our civic nationalism.” Reg Naulty of Rationale Magazine wrote "this book contains much wisdom", Arushi Ganguly of Australian Institute of International Affairs wrote "the book is enlightening for those who wish to gain critical insight into the ruling government of India." and Murali Kamma of New York Journal of Books wrote "In his sobering yet compelling book, Tharoor shows how in today’s India, where Hindu nationalists are firmly in power, a majoritarian mindset has supplanted the democratic mindset.”. The book has been reviewed by Maximillian Morch of Asian Review of Books and Reg Naulty of The Friend.
# Mattias Flodström

Bo Mattias Flodström (born 26 April 1972) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Playing career

Starting off his career with the local club Linghems SK, Flodström went on to represent Linköpings FF, Åtvidabergs FF, and IF Sylvia in the Swedish lower divisions as well as IFK Norrköping for four seasons in Allsvenskan. His best season came during the 2000 Allsvenskan season when he scored ten goals in 24 games. In total, he scored 21 goals in 78 Allsvenskan games for IFK Norrköping. Flodström also represented IFK Norrköping in the 2000–01 UEFA Cup and scored two goals in four games as the club was eliminated in the first round by FC Slovan Liberec.
# Sven Jacobsson

Sven Lennart Jacobsson (17 April 1914 – 9 July 1983) was a Swedish footballer who played as a midfielder for GAIS. He also represented Team Sweden in the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France.
# 1980 South African Open (tennis)

The 1980 South African Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Johannesburg, South Africa that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 77th edition of the tournament and was held from 25 November through 1 December 1980. Seventh-seeded Kim Warwick won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Kim Warwick defeated Fritz Buehning 6–2, 6–1, 6–2

### Doubles

Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated Heinz Günthardt / Paul McNamee 6–7, 6–3, 6–4
# Evangelical Lutheran Church of Costa Rica

The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Costa Rica (Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Costa Rica in German, Iglesia Evangélica Luterana de Costa Rica in Spanish) is a German-speaking parish of Lutheran faith in Costa Rica. It is a member of the Lutheran World Federation, which it joined in 1968.
vteLutheran World Federation :
Africa :
Central and Eastern Africa :
Southern Africa :
Western Africa :
Asia and Pacific :
North East Asia :
West and South Asia :
South East Asia :
Europe :
Latin America and the Caribbean :
Central America and the Caribbean :
South America :
North America :
* This Costa Rica-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Yury G. Kronn

Yury Kronn (April 22, 1935 – April 9, 2021), was a Soviet-born American radio-physicist and academic. He is known for developing a theory of resonant non-linear interaction of light with matter, which was the basis for a physics text book, Resonant Nonlinear Interactions of Light with Matter.
In 1982, Kronn and ten other Russian dissidents organized a movement to foster trust and promote peace between the Soviet Union and the West. Kronn chaired the Disarmament Section of the first Moscow International Symposium for Humanitarian Problems in 1987.
In 2013, Kronn was appointed a faculty member of Quantum University in Honolulu, Hawaii, a school that is not accredited in the United States. Kronn died on April 9, 2021, at the age of 85.

## Soviet dissident activities

In June 1982, with ten other dissidents, Kronn helped organize the Group to Establish Trust Between the U.S. and the USSR, a non-official movement for trust and peace between the Soviet Union and the West.
The Trust Group avoided criticizing their own government's policies, both because they believed that criticism would generate opposition, and because it was illegal to do so. Instead, they suggested ways to improve relations between the superpowers based on the belief that improved trust could slow or stop the arms race. Their proposals included ideas for conversion of the military-industrial complexes on both sides by shifting to joint work on peaceful, humanitarian projects.
As a result of these and other actions, Soviet authorities applied pressure on Kronn. New York Times Moscow correspondent John F. Burns reported that Kronn, then known as Yury Khronopulo, had been warned at the institute where he was employed that he faced dismissal and possible prosecution for treason if his dissident activities continued.
In the summer of 1982, while an international peace march was taking place in Moscow, assault charges were fabricated against Kronn and an associate, Yuri V. Medvedkov. The two were arrested on July 16 and held in prison by the Soviet security department, the KGB, until July 31, 1982. Despite attempts to silence him, Kronn persisted with his unsanctioned political activities. In 1987 he chaired the Disarmament Section of the first Moscow International Symposium for Humanitarian Problems.

## Patents

Five patents have been granted to Kronn; four in the Soviet Union and one in the US:
* Method of Obtaining Holograms, USSR Patent No. 508142, (1975)
* Method of Transformation and Intensification of an Object's Image, USSR Patent No. 533254, (1976)
* A Method of Amplifying Superpower Laser Impulses, USSR Patent No. 2768756 (1979)
* A Method of Obtaining Light Impulses with a Steep Front, USSR Patent No.2876505 (1980)
* US patent 4933679, Khronopulo, Yury & Gorbusky, Philip, "Antenna", issued 12 June 1990
# Sarcocheilichthys biwaensis

Sarcocheilichthys biwaensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Gobionidae. the gudgeons. This fish is endemic to Lake Biwa in Japan.
# Christian Gottlob Wilke

Christian Gottlob Wilke (May 13, 1786, in Badrina (in modern-day Schönwölkau) – November 10, 1854, in Würzburg) was a German theologian.
He studied philosophy and theology at the University of Leipzig, and from 1814 to 1819 served as a minister to a Saxon Landwehr installation. Afterwards he worked as a pastor in the hamlet of Hermannsdorf in the Ore Mountains.
In 1838 he settled in Dresden, where he published his first book, Der Urevangelist oder exegetisch kritische Untersuchung über das Verwandtschaftsverhältniß der drei ersten Evangelien (The Urevangelist, exegetical critical study on the relationship of the first three Gospels, 1838). In this work he asserted that the evangelist Mark was the "original evangelist" and was the source for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. During the same time frame, philosopher Christian Hermann Weisse (1801-1866), independent of Wilke, came up with the same conclusion.
In the following years, Wilke published a New Testament lexicon called Clavis Novi Testamenti Philologica (1840–41, not to confuse with the anterior book of same title by Christian Abraham Wahl), a book involving New Testament rhetoric titled Die neutestamentliche Rhetorik (1842–43) and an influential study on New Testament hermeneutics called Die Hermeneutik des Neuen Testaments (1843–44).
Trained as a Lutheran, he converted to Roman Catholicism in 1846. Subsequently, he moved to Würzburg, where he worked on revisions of his earlier publications.
# Zc(3900)

The Z$_c$(3900) is a hadron, a type of subatomic particle made of quarks, believed to be the first tetraquark that has been observed experimentally. The discovery was made in 2013 by two independent research groups: one using the BES III detector at the Chinese Beijing Electron Positron Collider, the other being part of the Belle experiment group at the Japanese KEK particle physics laboratory.
The Z$_c$(3900) is a decay product of the previously observed anomalous Y(4260) particle.
The Z$_c$(3900) in turn decays into a charged pion (π$^±$) and a J/ψ meson. This is consistent with the Z$_c$(3900) containing four or more quarks.
The first evidence of the neutral Z$_c$(3900) was provided by CLEO-c in 2013. It was later observed by BES III in 2015. It decays into a neutral pion (π$^0$) and a J/ψ meson.
Researchers were expected to run decay experiments in 2013 to determine the particle's nature with more precision.
# Harry Juul

Earl Harold Juul (May 21, 1893 – January 4, 1942) was a professional baseball player who was pitcher for the Brooklyn Tip-Tops of the Federal League in 1914. It was his only season at the Major League Baseball. He pitched in nine games, throwing 29 innings, with an ERA of 6.21.
He died in Proviso Township, Cook County, Illinois and was interred at Mount Olive Cemetery.
# Arun Nandi

Arun Nandi (November 16, 1941 – November 26, 2008) was a renowned Bangladeshi swimmer. In 1971, he set a record by swimming continuously for 90 hours and 5 minutes in College Square, Kolkata, to raise public awareness and funds for the freedom fighters of Bangladesh. He was also a recipient of National Sports Award-1966.

## Early life

Arun Nandi was born on November 16, 1941, into the Nandi family of Bagadi village in the Sadar Upazila of Chandpur district, Bangladesh. Although his family eventually settled in Kolkata, Arun Nandi refused to leave his homeland. In his personal life, he remained a lifelong bachelor.

## Career

In 1971, Arun Nandi gained international fame by swimming continuously for 90 hours and 5 minutes at College Square in Kolkata and created a record. He had undertaken this venture with the aim of creating awareness all over the world and collecting funds on behalf of the freedom fighters in the Bangladesh Liberation War. The prize money he received from the event was wholly given away for the welfare of the freedom fighters. Many dignitaries watched the swimming event, including Satyajit Ray, Uttam Kumar, and Brojen Das. Singer Manna Dey sang on the stage to help raise awareness among the Indian people for the struggle of Bangladesh's liberation. In 1962 Arun Nandi won the champion in the swimming competition at Chaumuhani College. In 1965, he stood second in the long-distance swim arranged by the English Channel Crossing Committee between Narayanganj and Chandpur. In the 1965-66 season, he was the second in 22-kilometer swim from Daudkandi to Narayanganj. In 1974, he became the champion by swimming 110 kilometers across the Padma, Meghna, and Buriganga rivers. He formed the Arun Nandi Swimming Club with the aim of rearing young swimmers in Chandpur. From 2003 to 2006, he was the Vice President of the Bangladesh Swimming Federation and became its member from 2006 to 2007.

## Awards

In 1966, Arun Nandi was honored with the National Sports Award. Throughout his career as both an athlete and an organizer, he received numerous national and international recognitions, including the Bangladesh Sports Journalists Association (BSJA) award. In his honor, the Arun Nandi Swimming Pool was established in Chandpur.

## Death

In his later years, Arun Nandi lived a solitary life in a small room on the second floor of the hockey stadium in Dhaka. He suffered from kidney disease and eventually traveled to Kolkata for treatment. On November 26, 2008, he died while undergoing treatment at a hospital in Kolkata.
# Alessandro Abagnale

Alessandro Abagnale (born 21 September 1998) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Career
### Early career

Abagnale played in the youth academies of Juve Stabia, Genoa, and Carpi before beginning his senior career with Turris in 2016. In April 2016, he was called into the LND Under-18 camp, taking part in a friendly against Bologna's Under-19s. He would make more than 50 appearances for Turris across two seasons in Serie D, before joining Audace Cerignola in July 2017.

### AlbinoLeffe

In September 2019, Abagnale joined Serie C club AlbinoLeffe. He made his professional debut for the club on 10 November 2019, keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 victory over Pontedera. He would make a total of 14 appearances for the club during the 2019–20 season, as AlbinoLeffe finished 7th in Serie C's Girone A.

### Turris

In August 2020, Abagnale returned to Turris, who had been promoted to the Italian third tier after the 2019–20 campaign. Abagnale became the team's starting goalkeeper, making 33 league appearances as Turris finished 14th in their first season back in Serie C. However, he would make just two appearances during the 2021–22 season and was released in July 2022.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 1 May 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| AlbinoLeffe | 2019–20 | Serie C | 14 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| AlbinoLeffe | Total | Total | 14 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Turris | 2020–21 | Serie C | 33 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 0 |
| Turris | 2021–22 | Serie C | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Turris | Total | Total | 35 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 35 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 49 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 49 | 0 |
# Sorgenfrey plane

In topology, the Sorgenfrey plane is a frequently-cited counterexample to many otherwise plausible-sounding conjectures. It consists of the product of two copies of the Sorgenfrey line, which is the real line $\mathbb {R}$ under the half-open interval topology. The Sorgenfrey line and plane are named for the American mathematician Robert Sorgenfrey.
A basis for the Sorgenfrey plane, denoted $\mathbb {S}$ from now on, is therefore the set of rectangles that include the west edge, southwest corner, and south edge, and omit the southeast corner, east edge, northeast corner, north edge, and northwest corner. Open sets in $\mathbb {S}$ are unions of such rectangles.
$\mathbb {S}$ is an example of a space that is a product of Lindelöf spaces that is not itself a Lindelöf space. The so-called anti-diagonal $\Delta =\{(x,-x)\mid x\in \mathbb {R} \}$ is an uncountable discrete subset of this space, and this is a non-separable subset of the separable space $\mathbb {S}$. It shows that separability does not inherit to closed subspaces. Note that $K=\{(x,-x)\mid x\in \mathbb {Q} \}$ and $\Delta \setminus K$ are closed sets; it can be proved that they cannot be separated by open sets, showing that $\mathbb {S}$ is not normal. Thus it serves as a counterexample to the notion that the product of normal spaces is normal; in fact, it shows that even the finite product of perfectly normal spaces need not be normal.
# 1942 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1942 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian X
* Prime minister – Thorvald Stauning (until 4 May), Vilhelm Buhl (until 9 November), Erik Scavenius

## Events

* 4 May – Vilhelm Buhl is appointed to new prime minister of Denmark following Thorvald Stauning's death the previous day.
* 11 September – Sabotage results in a fire at the German Reichdeutsche Schulen in Emdrup, Copenhagen.
* 26 September – Sabotage against Adler Auto Service at Lyngbyvej 26 in Copenhagen.
* 19 October – Christian X is severely injured when he falls off his horse at Esplanaden on his morning ride.
* 28 October – Beginning of the Telegram Crisis.
* 5 November – Werner Best is appointed the Third Reich's Plenipotentiary (Reichsbevollmächtigter) in Denmark.
* 27 November – The Danish Outdoor Council is founded

## Sports

* B 93 wins their 8th Danish football championship by winning their 1941–42 Danish War Tournament.

## Births
### January–March

* 14 January – Britt Bendixen, dance instructor and TV personality (died 2023)
* 9 February – Kirsten Thorup, author
* 18 February – Kirsten Jacobsen, politician (died 2010)
* 19 March – Jytte Rex, artist, author and film director

### April–June

* 13 April – Poul Anker Bech, painter (died 2009)
* 19 May – Flemming Quist Møller, writer and illustrator (died 2022)
* 15 June – Birgitte Alsted, violinist, teacher and composer

### July–September

* 27 August – Per Stig Møller, politician, writer
* 12 September – Jytte Hilden, chemical engineer and politician.

### October–December

* 29 October – Vita Andersen, poet, novelist, playwright and children's writer (died 2021).

## Deaths
### January–March

* 10 January – Alba Schwartz, author and novelist (born 1857)
* 20 March – Aksel Agerby, composer, organist, and music administrator (born 1889)
* 30 March – H. A. Brendekilde, sculptor (born 1857)

### April–June

* 2 April – Peter Esben-Petersen, entomologist (born 1869)
* 3 May – Thorvald Stauning, politician, Prime Minister of Denmark (born 1873)
* 30 May – August Hassel, sculptor (born 1864)

### July–September

* 23 July – Valdemar Poulsen, engineer who developed a magnetic wire recorder (born 1869)

### October–December

* 24 November – Carl Christensen, botanist (born 1872)
* 12 December – Benedict Nordentoft, educator and cleric, co-founder of a Danish community with a Lutheran church and a folk high school in Solvang, California (born 1873)
# Thor Ericsson

Thor Ericsson (9 October 1885 – 20 April 1975) was a Swedish footballer who played as a midfielder. He represented Örgryte IS, with whom he won three Swedish Championships. Ericsson made four appearances for the Sweden national team between 1908 and 1910. His name is sometimes spelled as Thor Eriksson.

## Honours

Örgryte IS
* Swedish Champion: 1906, 1907, 1909