OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# TIM Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury

Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury (Bengali: ফজলে রাব্বি চৌধুরী; 1 October 1934 – 20 December 2018) was a Bangladeshi politician from Gaibandha who was a member of parliament for six terms. As an advisor to President Hussain Mohammad Ershad, he represented the Jatiya Party for most of his lifetime.

## Early life

Chowdhury was born on 1 October 1934, to a Bengali Muslim family of Chowdhuries from the village of Taluqzamira in Harinathpur, Palashbari under Gaibandha (formerly part of Rangpur District) in Bengal Province. He earned a M.Sc. and a PhD.

## Career

Chowdhury was elected to parliament from Gaibandha-3 in 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1996 as a candidate of Jatiya Party (Ershad). He was elected in 2001 as a candidate of Islami Jatiya Oikya Front and in 2008 as a candidate of Jatiya Party (Ershad). He was an advisor to President Hussain Mohammad Ershad. He worked as a professor at the Bangladesh Agricultural University. In 2015, he was the acting chairperson of Jatiya Party. He later joined the Jatiya Party faction led by Kazi Zafar Ahmed. After Ahmed's death in 2015, Chowdhury became the chairman of the faction until his own death.

## Death

Chowdhury died on 20 December 2018 in United Hospital, Dhaka.
# M. A. Awal

M A Awal (born 16 March 1968) is a Bangladeshi politician. He is the chairman of the Islami Ganatantrik Party. Earlier he served as the secretary general of the Bangladesh Tarikat Federation and a Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Lakshmipur-1 constituency from 2014 to 2018.

## Early life

Awal was born on 16 March 1968. He completed his master's degree in social science.

## Career

Awal was elected to the parliament on 5 January 2014 from the Lakshmipur-1 constituency as a Bangladesh Tarikat Federation candidate. On 17 April 2018, he was removed from the post of Secretary General of the party. On 16 September 2018, he led the same party in joining the Islamic Democratic Alliance, an alliance of Islamist parties that supported the Awami League-led government.
On 20 May 2021, the Rapid Action Battalion arrested Awal on suspicion of being involved in killing Shahinuddin, a trader in the Pallabi neighborhood of Dhaka, over a land dispute. The police found evidence of a phone call to Awal which recorded the assailant saying "Sir Finish". After a year and a half of investigation, the Police Bureau of Investigation submitted a probe report in September 2023.
In September 2023, Awal formed a coalition of fifteen parties, Progotishil Islami Jot, which would participate at the 2024 Bangladeshi general election. He is the chairman of this coalition, which includes the Islamic Democratic Party, Nezame Islam Bangladesh, Bangladesh Public Freedom League, Bangladesh Tarikat Front, Bangladesh Nationalist Janata Party, Islamic Liberal Party, and Bangladesh Islamic Democratic League.
Awal was arrested after the fall of the Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government in a fraud case.
# Khoja Marjanli Mosque

The Khoja Marjanli Mosque (Azerbaijani: Xoca Mərcanlı Məscidi) was a former Shia Islam mosque, now in ruins, located in Shusha, in the Karabakh district of Azerbaijan. It is located on Mirza Alakbar Sabir street of Khoja Marjanli neighborhood of Shusha, approximately 350 km (220 mi) from Baku, the capital.
Shusha was part of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, and came under control of local Armenian forces on May 8, 1992. During the period of occupation, the mosque was abandoned and desecrated. On 8 November 2020, Azerbaijani forces retook the city during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War following a three-day long battle.
# Červená Railway Bridge

The Červená Railway Bridge (Czech: Červenský železniční most) is a railway bridge in the Czech Republic, located on the rail line between Tábor and Písek, over the Orlík Reservoir. It was declared a cultural monument of the Czech Republic in 2021.

## History

The bridge was built in 1886–1889 from steel from the First Czech-Moravian Machine Factory, the largest producer of steel structures in Bohemia at the time. Designed by the engineers Meltzer and Hüsse, it opened on 20 November 1889. It was built without scaffolding, using the balanced cantilever method, first railway bridge in the area built using this method. During its construction, it became the second highest bridge in all of Austria-Hungary.
The bridge was the subject of a CIA study in 1950, noting that it was of local strategic importance only. According to the report, the bridge is 500 m long (noting that this length seems exaggerated), with a height of 65–70 m above the river.
Since 2021, it has been a cultural monument of the Czech Republic, with the designation noting: "The railway steel lattice bridge, built at the end of the 1880s near the settlement of Červená, is a unique technical structure of extraordinary importance not only in terms of its dimensions, but also in its static arrangement and method of flying assembly. At the end of the 19th century, it was the very first railway bridge in our country, built without scaffolding by fly assembly, which was a revolutionary innovation in construction. (...)"

## Technical details

The structure is a three-span, truss girder bridge with an immediate bridge deck without a ballast platform, built in 1886 using the balanced cantilever method.
The bridge is 254.2 metres (834 ft) long with three main spans of 84.4 metres (277 ft), the load-bearing structure is formed by two truss girders with overall height of 9.9 metres (32 ft) and system of cross and longitudinal beams supporting the intermediate bridge deck. A rail expansion device is installed on both ends.
# Barrett's Britz Building

Barrett's Britz Building is a historic commercial building located in downtown Evansville, Indiana. It was built in 1875, and is a three-story, Italianate style brick building. It features a decorative cornice and window surrounds.$^{:Part1}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# The Enormous Room

The Enormous Room (The Green-Eyed Stores) is a 1922 autobiographical novel by the poet and novelist E. E. Cummings about his temporary imprisonment in France during World War I.

## Background

Cummings served as an ambulance driver during the war. In late August 1917, his friend and colleague William Slater Brown (known in the book only as B.) was arrested by French authorities as a result of anti-war sentiments B. had expressed in some letters. When questioned, Cummings stood by his friend and was also arrested.
While Cummings was in captivity at La Ferté-Macé, his father received an erroneous letter to the effect that his son had been lost at sea. The cable was later rescinded, but the subsequent lack of information on his son's whereabouts left the elder Cummings distraught.
Meanwhile, Cummings and B. had the bad luck to be transported to La Ferté only five days after the local commissioners in charge of reviewing cases for trial and pardon had left, and the commissioners were not expected back until November. When they finally did arrive, they agreed to allow Cummings, as an official "suspect", a supervised release in the remote commune of Oloron-Sainte-Marie. B. was ordered to be transferred to a prison in Précigné. Before Cummings was to depart, he was unconditionally released from La Ferté due to U.S. diplomatic intervention. He arrived in New York City on January 1, 1918.

## Novel

Cummings thus spent over four months in the prison. He met a number of interesting characters and had many picaresque adventures, which he compiled into The Enormous Room. The book is written as a mix between Cummings's well-known unconventional grammar and diction and the witty voice of a young Harvard-educated intellectual in an absurd situation.
The title of the book refers to the large room where Cummings slept beside thirty or so other prisoners. However, it also serves as an allegory for Cummings's mind and his memories of the prison, such that when he describes the many residents of his shared cell, they still live in the "enormous room" of his mind.

## Reception

F. Scott Fitzgerald extended praise to the book, saying: "Of all the work by young men who have sprung up since 1920 one book survives—The Enormous Room by e e cummings ... Those few who cause books to live have not been able to endure the thought of its mortality."

## Sources

* Bloom, Harold, Twentieth-century American Literature, New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1985–1988. ISBN 978-0-87754-802-7.
# Arkansas Union

The Arkansas Union at the University of Arkansas is a Student union central building on the University's campus in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Originally constructed in the early 1970s and opened in 1973, the facility was expanded in 2000 to meet the growing needs of the campus community.

## Uses

Arkansas Union was opened in 1973 to replace the old Student Union. It houses offices and information centers for numerous on- and off-campus organizations, in addition to a student-accessible computer lab and places to eat. The Union is frequented as a meeting place for students, and hosts thousands of meetings, events, and activities annually.
# Vama Buzăului

Vama Buzăului (German: Bodzau; Hungarian: Bodzavám) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Acriș (Egrestelep), Buzăiel (Kisbodza), Dălghiu (Döblön), and Vama Buzăului.

## Geography

The commune is situated at an altitude of 778 m (2,552 ft), on the banks of the Buzău River, close to its source in the Ciucaș Mountains. It is located in the southeastern corner of Brașov County, on the border with the Prahova, Buzău, and Covasna counties, at a distance of 9 km (5.6 mi) from the town of Întorsura Buzăului and 47 km (29 mi) from the county seat, Brașov. Vama Buzăului is crossed by the DC49A road, which connects it to national road DC10 to the north and county road DJ103A to the west.

## Demographics

At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 3,486; of those, 82.27% were Romanians and 10.61% were Roma.

## Bison reserve

The Valea Zimbrilor Nature Reserve, located in Acriș village, is home to a population of European bisons. Founded in 2008 on an area covering 90 ha (220 acres), the reserve held 28 bisons in 2018; since then, four have been sent to other reserves in the Southern Carpathians, and four to roam completely free in the Țarcu Mountains.
# Galactic 03

Galactic 03 (G03) was a crewed sub-orbital spaceflight of the SpaceShipTwo-class VSS Unity, launched on 8 September 2023. It was the third commercial spaceflight and eighth overall spaceflight for American aerospace company Virgin Galactic.

## Crew

The crew of Galactic 03 included three private passengers and three Virgin Galactic employees.
| Position | Crew | Crew |
| Commander | Nicola Pecile Second spaceflight | Nicola Pecile Second spaceflight |
| Pilot | Michael Masucci Fifth spaceflight | Michael Masucci Fifth spaceflight |
| Astronaut instructor | Beth Moses Fifth spaceflight | Beth Moses Fifth spaceflight |
| Tourist | Ken Baxter Only spaceflight | Ken Baxter Only spaceflight |
| Tourist | Timothy Nash Only spaceflight | Timothy Nash Only spaceflight |
| Tourist | Adrian Reynard Only spaceflight | Adrian Reynard Only spaceflight |
# Mantlet

In medieval warfare a mantlet or mantelet was a portable wall or shelter used for stopping projectiles. Some versions used wheels for enhanced mobility. A mantlet could protect one or several soldiers.
In the First World War (1914-1918) French soldiers used a mantlet-style device to attack barbed wire entanglements.

## Gun mantlet

In military use from pre-WW2 onward, a mantlet is the thick, protective steel frontal shield, usually able to elevate and depress, which houses the main gun on an armoured tank, examples being Tiger Tank, Sherman Tank and Churchill Tank.

## Gallery

* A wicker U-shaped mantlet on wheels. Wicker was a popular material for siege defences as it was lightweight, effective and easy to construct. The wheels add further mobility which meant that the user could move forward slowly but surely.
* A wood-planked, L-shaped mantlet on wheels. Wooden-planked construction with proper joinery and even arrow slots would make this a more hard-wearing and expensive option. It would be heavier to push and would require more time and skill to construct; this might not be the sort one would use when attacking uphill.
* A pavise like wicker mantlet. This is probably the cheapest and simplest option, but it would not be as hard wearing and does not offer as much cover as the other variations.
* A wood-planked mantlet on wheels, affording the hard protection of a wooden structure but still being mobile. The lever-like handle would allow the mantlet to be pushed along and then held upright in a stationary situation.
* The Japanese commonly used mantlets composed of bundles of blankets wrapped in a mattress to reduce the effects of shell shrapnel. Print of Admiral Togo aboard the Mikasa during the Battle of Tsushima (May 27, 1905).
* In the Royal Navy from the 18th century onwards, hammocks and bedding were rolled up each day and stowed in netting along the ship's sides to air. They functioned as mantlets to reduce the effect of splinters, grape and musket fire in battle. By World War I these had been replaced by splinter mats to protect exposed areas such as the bridge. These were again used in World War II. A German photo of HMS Campbeltown after the St Nazaire Raid before she exploded.
# 2010 in Paraguayan football

The 2010 season is the 100th season of competitive football in Paraguay.

## Transfers

* List of transfers during the 2010 season registered under the Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol.
# Goodwin Stadium

Goodwin Stadium was a stadium in Tempe, Arizona. It hosted the Sun Devils football team until they moved to Sun Devil Stadium in 1958, as well as the team for local Tempe High School until 1969. The stadium held 15,000 people at its peak and was opened in 1936. The first football game played was on Friday, October 3, 1936, when the Arizona State Teacher's College Bulldogs defeated California Institute of Technology 26–0. The last football game played was on September 20, 1958, when ASU beat Hawaii 47–6 in front of 19,000 fans.
The stadium was named for Garfield A. Goodwin, former mayor of Tempe, member of the Arizona State Teachers College Board of Education and receiver on the 1899 Tempe Normal School football team.

## Construction

Goodwin Stadium first hosted the Sun Devils in the 1936 season, after the completion of its west side grandstand. The western portion was a Public Works Administration project, built at a total cost of $92,000. This first grandstand had room for 4,000 spectators. The contractor for Goodwin Stadium was Del E. Webb Construction Company. The engineer for Goodwin Stadium was L.M. Fitzhugh.
The eastern portion was built by the Works Progress Administration in 1940–41. Designed by influential Phoenix architects Lescher & Mahoney (with Kemper Goodwin as one of the project's superintendents), it cost $87,500 to build and seated an additional 5,300. In 1946, to accommodate overwhelming growth in the university, a men's dormitory was added to the grandstand at a cost of $275,000. The dormitory housed 88 men at normal capacity. The East stands also served as Haigler Hall, a men's dormitory. It was named after Charles Haigler, a member of the first football team at Tempe Normal School.

## Martin Luther King address

On June 3, 1964, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered an address at Goodwin Stadium, titled "Religious Witness for Human Dignity". The address was not noted in many biographies of King and was only found in 2013, when a woman discovered it along with reels from civil rights leader Lincoln Ragsdale's radio show at a Goodwill store. University president G. Homer Durham, a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), showed progressivism in inviting King to speak at the university, since the LDS Church did not fully recognize racial equality until 1978.

## Demolition and site reuse

By the 1970s, Goodwin Stadium had fallen into disuse, while the land it sat on was needed by the university. In 1976, the west side of Goodwin Stadium was knocked down, with the east side following in 1978. A road (Lemon Street) was extended through the property; a parking garage now occupies the southern half of the footprint, while several buildings of the W. P. Carey School of Business were constructed on the site north of the extended Lemon Street. A plaque placed on the northwest corner of the parking garage, at College Avenue and Lemon Street, commemorates Goodwin Stadium's existence.
# Mona Plummer Aquatic Center

The Mona Plummer Aquatic Center is the aquatic center used by the Arizona State University Sun Devils swim team. It opened in 1981, cost four million dollars to build, and is named after Mona Plummer. Plummer was a national championship winning coach who died in 1979; she coached during three decades.
The complex consists of three pools, including an Olympic-size competition pool, and a diving platform; it has seating for 2,000. It is located on the ASU campus in Tempe, Arizona. The facility hosted the 1989, 1991, 1993, and 1998 Pac-10 Diving Championships, as well as the 1981, 1991, and 1999 NCAA Zone E Diving Championships. The venue is regarded as one of the best collegiate aquatic centers in the nation.
In October 2011, a former ASU swimmer drowned at the facility.
# President's House (Tempe, Arizona)

The President's House is a building on the Tempe campus of Arizona State University. It was built in 1907 to serve as the lodgings for the president of what was then known as the Tempe Normal School. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and currently houses the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing, known as the writer's house.

## History

The President's House was constructed in 1907 to house the university president, and two of the university's most famous presidents lived there: Dr. Arthur Matthews held the title from 1900 to 1930, while Grady Gammage was the university president from 1933 until 1959. These two presidents shaped the institution, and under Gammage, what was once a normal school became Arizona State University.
After 1959, upon Gammage's death, the building was no longer used as the home of the president. It was occupied by the Alumni House, alumni offices, and later by the University Archives, and it currently houses the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing.

## Architecture

The President's House was the last known design from territorial architect James M. Creighton, who designed the now-demolished original Normal School buildings. It is also Creighton's lone surviving structure on campus.
The building is a two-story Western Colonial brick building with a copper shingle roof. The main house features a two-story bay window on the west and a two-story bay with fireplace on the east. The hipped roof features projecting gables and boxed eaves, while the double-hung windows have segmental arches.
In 1931, a bath and two rooms were added to the northwest corner; in 1937, the front porch was enclosed with casement windows.
Restoration work that concluded in 2005 restored the building to its original appearance, including the porch, brick exterior and roof. Most interior finishes are original, with minor accommodations to meet the standards of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
# Valley Strong Ballpark

Valley Strong Ballpark is a minor league baseball stadium in Visalia, California. The stadium, formerly known as Recreation Ballpark, currently serves as the home to the Visalia Rawhide of the California League. The Rawhide is an affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks.
With only 1,888 seats, plus capacity for another 580 fans on a lawn, it is the smallest MLB-affiliated ballpark.
The ballpark was built by the city of Visalia in 1946. In 2003, the stadium began a six-year renovation and expansion that added a grandstand and more seats on the third-base side. It is one of the oldest active ballparks in Minor League Baseball.
From 2014 to 2018, Valley Strong Ballpark hosted Divisions I-VI of the California Interscholastic Federation Central Section Baseball Championships, before relocating in 2019 to Pete Beiden Field at Bob Bennett Stadium at California State University, Fresno.
# Nubian flapshell turtle

The Nubian flapshell turtle or Nubian soft-shelled turtle (Cyclanorbis elegans) is one of two species of softshell turtle in the genus Cyclanorbis of the Trionychidae family. It is thought to have ranged from West Africa east through Central Africa to South Sudan, although it has been extirpated from the vast majority of its range.

## Distribution

Historically, Cyclanorbis elegans was found over a wide range, spanning from West Africa (Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo) east through Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia and Sudan. In 2017, a lone population was found in the White Nile wetlands of South Sudan by Prof. Luca Luiselli and his team; this discovery was publicized in a 2019 paper. In 2021, another population was found along the same wetlands, but in northern Uganda (near the border with South Sudan); the species had not previously been recorded in this area.
On the biodiversity database iNaturalist, several "research-grade" sightings—i.e., with clear photographic evidence and GPS coordinates—of C. elegans have been documented between April 2022 and May 2024; the bulk of these observations took place in and around Salamat, Chad, while others have occurred in West Gonja, Ghana, and Tangúieta, Benin.

## Description

The Nubian flapshell turtle can reach a length of up to 70 cm (27.5 in).

## Conservation

The Nubian flapshell turtle's habitat is often located in very politically-hostile and tumultuous areas, which results in habitat loss due to situations surrounding local skirmishes, land mines and a greater need for water by local armed forces and civilians. In addition, especially during times of war, the turtles may be hunted as bushmeat. Some Chinese expatriates in Africa are known to offer rather large sums of money to poorer fishermen in exchange for catching these turtles, as they are valued for both food and Chinese medicine. Some of the captured turtles are then further exported to Asia for "fresh" availability. Bari fishermen, in South Sudan, have extensive cultural knowledge of the Nubian flapshell turtle, including natural history, lifestyle and reproductive patterns, and nesting sites, which may prove useful in future and ongoing conservation efforts of the species.