OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Union Station (MetroLink)

Union Station is a light rail station on the Red and Blue lines of the St. Louis MetroLink system. This below-grade station is located partially within the former baggage tunnel beneath historic St. Louis Union Station near 18th Street at its intersection with Clark Avenue.

## Station layout

The station is located at the east portal of the Union Station Tunnel. Its platform is accessed via an elevator and staircase from the west within the Union Station train shed and a staircase on the east embankment.
| G | Street level | Entrance/exit |
| P Platform level | Westbound | ← Blue Line toward Shrewsbury (Grand) ← Red Line toward Lambert Airport (Grand) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| P Platform level | Eastbound | ← Red Line toward Shiloh–Scott (Civic Center) → ← Blue Line toward Fairview Heights (Civic Center) → |

## Public artwork

In 2013, Metro's Arts in Transit program commissioned the work Spring Forth by Jim Gallucci for this station. The stainless steel sculpture depicts fantastical plant forms that leap and arch from the grassy embankment, celebrating the vitality that the MetroLink system brings to the St. Louis area.

## Notable places nearby

* Brickline Greenway
* Energizer Park, home of St. Louis City SC
* Enterprise Center, home of the St. Louis Blues
* Gateway Mall
* St. Louis Union Station, home of the St. Louis Aquarium
* Stifel Theatre
# Leonidas Romero

Leonidas Romero Sáez (born 15 October 1955) is a Chilean evangelical politician and member of the Chamber of Deputies. A member of the National Libertarian Party since 2025, he previously served as the mayor of Coronel from 2008 to 2012.
He first attracted controversy in 2018, when he condemned then-president Sebastián Piñera's recognition of Daniela Vega; Romero declared "Vega a man. As far as I know, she has not had surgery, so she is still a man, she was born a man, her DNA is a man. If you [Piñera] insist that he is Daniela Vega, I am wrong, I was wrong to support you, I was wrong to vote for you." Although condemned by many politicians, including those in the Republican Party, Romero declared he did not regret his statements. In 2021, he also opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage in Chile, and was labled as "homophobic" by several media personalities. Following this, he abandoned the Republicans, calling them "moderates" for compromising on the new constitutional process, and sat in Congress as an independent before joining the National Libertarian Party.
# Douglas, Alabama

Douglas is a town in Marshall County, Alabama, United States. Douglas, a part of the Huntsville–Decatur Combined Statistical Area, had a population of 761 as of the 2020 census. The town incorporated in 1978.

## History

Douglas was first settled in the mid-19th century. Its first school was built in 1898, followed by Douglas Academy in 1909.

## Geography

Douglas is located in southern Marshall County at 34°10′18″N 86°19′12″W﻿ / ﻿34.17167°N 86.32000°W﻿ / 34.17167; -86.32000 (34.171631, -86.319967). The town is concentrated around the intersection of State Route 75 and State Route 168, 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Albertville, 11 miles (18 km) west of Boaz, and 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Snead. Guntersville Lake lies 15 miles (24 km) to the north.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town of Douglas has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km$^2$), of which 0.01 square miles (0.02 km$^2$), or 0.24%, are water. Douglas sits at 940 feet (290 m) above sea level atop the southwest end of Sand Mountain, within the watershed of the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River, which passes 5 miles (8 km) to the southwest of the town.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 530 people, 213 households and 158 families residing in the town. The population density was 171.0 inhabitants per square mile (66.0/km$^2$). There were 231 housing units at an average density of 74.5 per square mile (28.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 96.79% White, 0.57% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 2.08% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races. 2.64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 213 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.95.
Age distribution was 27.4% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.
The median household income was $33,594, and the median family income was $36,000. Males had a median income of $32,143 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,410. About 8.8% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.9% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Zee Cine Awards Telugu

The Zee Cine Awards Telugu is an awards ceremony for the Telugu cinema and Telugu music. They were instituted in December 2017, under the name Zee Telugu Golden Awards to award the excellence in Telugu cinema and Telugu Music.

## History

Zee Telugu, a Telugu cable television channel of the Essel Group's Zee Entertainment Enterprise Limited (ZEEL) has announced in 2017 to start an awards ceremony to honour the best from Tollywood (Telugu) and Telugu music.
The Award ceremony was first held at Annapurna Studios in Hyderabad, India on 17th December 2017.
# Ters

People, places, and things named Ters include:
* Ters (river) — a river in the Kyrgyz Republic
* Ters (mountain) — a mountain in the Kyrgyz Republic
* Ters (village) [ky] — a village in the Kyrgyz Republic
* St Ters of Antwerp, a phallic saint
# Orewa College

Orewa College is a state coeducational combined intermediate and secondary school located in Orewa, on the Hibiscus Coast north of Auckland, New Zealand. A total of 2,058 students from Years 7 to 13 (ages 10 to 18) attend the school as of November 2024.

## History

The school opened in 1956 as Orewa District High School with a roll of 101 students, a combined primary and secondary school. In 1974, the primary school was split off and the school became Orewa College. Originally Year 9 to 13 only, Year 7 and 8 were added in 2005.
Orewa College closed for a day in November 2023 due to a bomb threat sent to 15 organisations in Auckland.

### 2009 boiler explosion

On 24 June 2009, one of the school's coal-fired central heating boilers exploded while maintenance on the heating system was being carried out. The explosion blew the roof off the boiler house and shattered windows across the school. School caretaker Richard Nel received burns to 90 percent of his body and later died of his injuries in hospital. A contractor was also critically injured, receiving severe head injuries and burns to the abdomen and legs, but survived the accident.
The school's board of trustees was subsequently charged under the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992. They pleaded guilty to all charges at the court-case in April 2010, and were subsequently ordered to pay reparation and court costs totalling nearly $137,000.

## International students

International students make up for around 20% of the school roll.
Germany and Japan have ongoing exchange programmes with the college - students stay from 3 months to 3 years.
Other international students are immigrants to New Zealand and their high volume reflects that of the Northern Auckland population of high foreign immigrants, mostly from Asian countries.

## Arts and Events Centre

Orewa College, along with the Rodney District Council decided to build a flexible, multi-use, modern auditorium and is now a valuable asset to the students and teachers of the college and the community.
The OAEC offers several areas which can be booked for commercial or community events, and has 450sqm of flat floor space, and a seating capacity of up to 700. The Auditorium includes full audio visual facilities including 2 projectors & screens, sound system with microphone and standard lighting. Stage and special effect lighting is available when hiring school technicians. The Auditorium also includes efficient heat pump & air conditioning units.

## Statistics

At the December 2016 Education Review Office (ERO) review of the school, Orewa College had 1847 students, including 63 international students. The school roll's gender composition was 51% male and 49% female, and its ethnic composition was 79% European (Pākehā), 12% Māori, 4% Asian, 3% Pasifika, and 2% Other.

## Notable alumni

* Ann Hartley – politician
* Shaun Johnson – rugby league player
* Tom Jordan, Scottish international rugby union player
* Fiona Pardington – photographic artist
# Ministry of Culture (Lebanon)

The Ministry of Culture (Arabic: وزارة الثقافة) is a government ministry of Lebanon.

## History

The Ministry was formed in 1993, originally as part of the Ministry of Culture and Higher Education from which it became a separate entity in August 2000. In 2008, Law 35 was passed, which restructured the Ministry. Since then, its responsibilities include matters of heritage, antiquities, arts, literature, cultural industries and management of cultural and historical property.

## Structure

The Ministry is divided into three units, The Directorate General of Cultural Affairs, The Directorate General of Antiquities and The Joint Administrative Service. It also runs The Baakleen National Library, the General Authority for Museums and the National Higher Institute of Music. It is also attached to the National Committee for Education, Knowledge and Culture.

## List of Culture ministers

| Minister | Term of office | Term of office |
| Michel Edde | 1993 | 1996 |
| Fawzi Hobeiche | 1996 | 24 Dec 1998 |
| Muhammad Baydoun | 24 Dec 1998 | 23 Oct 2000 |
| Ghassan Salamé | 23 Oct 2000 | 17 Apr 2003 |
| Ghazi Aridi | 17 Apr 2003 | 07 Sep 2004 |
| Naji Al-Boustani | 07 Sep 2004 | 26 Oct 2004 |
| Karam Karam | 26 Oct 2004 | 19 Apr 2005 |
| Assad Rizk | 19 Apr 2005 | 19 Jul 2005 |
| Tarek Mitri | 19 Jul 2005 | 21 Jul 2008 |
| Tammam Salam | 22 Jul 2008 | 10 Nov 2009 |
| Salim Wardeh | 10 Nov 2009 | 13 Jun 2011 |
| Gaby Layyoun | 13 Jun 2011 | 15 Feb 2014 |
| Rony Araygi | 15 Feb 2014 | 18 Dec 2016 |
| Ghattas Khoury | 18 Dec 2016 | 31 Jan 2019 |
| Mohammad Daoud | 31 Jan 2019 | 21 Jan 2020 |
| Abbas Mortada | 21 Jan 2020 | 10 Sep 2021 |
| Mohammad Wissam El-Mortada | 10 Sep 2021 | 08 Feb 2025 |
| Ghassan Salame | 08 Feb 2025 | Incumbent |
# List of Italian films of 1913

A list of films produced in Italy in 1913 (see 1913 in film):
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| 1913 |||||
| A sipario calato | | | | |
| The Absent-Minded Lover | | | | |
| Gli Accattoni del Sacro Cuore | | | | |
| Acquazzone in montagna | | | | |
| Love Everlasting | Mario Caserini | Lyda Borelli, Mario Bonnard | Melodrama | |
| Quo vadis | Enrico Guazzoni | Amleto Novelli, Gustavo Serena, Lea Giunchi, Amelia Cattaneo, Bruto Castellani, Augusto Mastripietri | Sword and sandal | Silent Kolossal |
| Gli ultimi giorni di Pompei | Enrico Vidali | Luigi Mele, Suzanne De Labroy | Sword and sandal | in 1913 there were filmed 3 versions of the film in Italy. The other two were directed by Mario Caserini and Arturo Ambrosio. The most famous and international known is Vidali's version |
| Il bacio di Cirano | Carmine Gallone | | | Gallone's directorial debut |
| Il sire di Vincigliata | Alfredo Robert | | | |
# Annular lipid shell

Annular lipids (also called shell lipids or boundary lipids) are a set of lipids or lipidic molecules which preferentially bind or stick to the surface of membrane proteins in biological cells. They constitute a layer, or an annulus/ shell, of lipids which are partially immobilized due to the existence of lipid-protein interactions. Polar headgroups of these lipids bind to the hydrophilic part of the membrane protein(s) at the inner and outer surfaces of lipid bilayer membrane. The hydrophobic surface of the membrane proteins is bound to the apposed lipid fatty acid chains of the membrane bilayer. For integral membrane proteins spanning the thickness of the membrane bilayer, these annular/shell lipids may act like a lubricating layer on the proteins' surfaces, thereby facilitating almost free rotation and lateral diffusion of membrane proteins within the 2-dimensional expanse of the biological membrane(s). Outside the layer of shell/annular lipids, lipids are not tied down to protein molecules. However, they may be slightly restricted in their segmental motion freedom due to mild peer pressure of protein molecules, if present in high concentration, which arises from extended influence of protein-lipid interaction. Membrane areas away from protein molecules contain lamellar phase bulk lipids, which are largely free from any restraining effects due to protein-lipid interactions. Thermal denaturation of membrane proteins may destroy the secondary and tertiary structure of membrane proteins, exposing newer surfaces to membrane lipids and therefore increasing the number of lipids molecules in the annulus/shell layer. This phenomenon can be studied by the spin label electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The protein-lipid binding are dependent on OmpF pH levels and their structural features and location of the membranes. When said lipids bind to OmpF it is sensitive to changes that may occur in the electrospray polarity.

## See more

* Lipid bilayer
* Membrane lipids
# Marydel, Delaware

Marydel (also called Halltown) is an unincorporated community in Kent County, Delaware, United States. It lies along Delaware Route 8 west of the city of Dover, the county seat of Kent County and Delaware's state capital. Because the community has borne multiple names, the Board on Geographic Names officially designated it "Marydel" in 1897. It has a post office with the ZIP code 19964. The post office is shared with Marydel, Maryland (ZIP code 21649) and is located in Maryland.
As part of the Mason–Dixon line, Marydel is home to Crownstone #45.
# Casper van der Veen

Casper van der Veen (born 29 June 2004) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands.

## Personal life

Capser van der Veen was born and raised in Heemstede, Netherlands.

## Career
### Domestic league

In the Dutch national league, the Hoofdklasse, van der Veen represents Bloemendaal.

### Under–21

Van der Veen made his international debut at under–21 level. He made his first appearances for the Netherlands U–21 team in 2021, at the FIH Junior World Cup in Bhubaneswar.
Since his debut, van der Veen has been a notable inclusion in the national junior team. During his junior career, he has medalled with the national team twice. He has won gold and silver medals at the 2022 and 2024 editions of the EuroHockey Junior Championship, respectively.
In 2023 he competed at his second FIH Junior World Cup, held in Kuala Lumpur.

### Oranje

Van der Veen received his first call–up to the Oranje in 2024. He earned his first senior international cap during a match against Belgium in Amsterdam, during the sixth season of the FIH Pro League.

## International goals

The following is a list of goals scored by van der Veen at international level.
| Goal | Date | Location | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| 1 | 8 December 2024 | Wagener Stadium, Amsterdam, Netherlands | Belgium | 2–2 | 3–3 | 2024–25 FIH Pro League | |
# WKGV

WKGV (104.1 FM) is a Contemporary Christian radio station licensed to Swansboro, North Carolina, United States. It is an affiliate of K-Love and is owned by Educational Media Foundation.

## History

Jack Lee, manager of WFAI in Fayetteville, North Carolina from 1960 to 1971, was general manager of WZXS when it played adult standards.
WWTB "Unforgettable Radio" signed off in January 2004 when new owner Sea-Comm announced the station would begin airing the same programming as WLTT "The Big Talker".
In 2007, Educational Media Foundation agreed to buy WWTB from Sea-Comm for $900,000. WWTB moved its frequency from 103.9 to 104.1, and its city of license from Topsail Beach to Swansboro. The former WBNE became WNTB, taking over the WLTT simulcast.
# Hephthalite–Gokturk raids of 614–616

The Hephthalite–Gokturk raids of 614–616 were incursions by the Hephthalites and Gokturks into the Sasanian Empire. The Sasanian army led by Smbat Bagratuni quickly defeated the Hephthalites raid who, in response, called the Gokturk Empire for assistance. The Gokturks responded with a large army that raided as far as Ray and the province of Isfahan. The raid was defeated with Smbat killing the Hephthalites leader in single combat.
In 614 the Hephthalites raided eastern Persia with a large number of men, but were defeated in the first battle near the fort of Tus in Khorasan. Having lost this battle, the Kushans requested reinforcements from the Khagan. According to Sebeos, 300,000 troops from the Gokturk empire were sent to reinforce the Hephthalites.
The Gokturk forces quickly overran Khorasan, but could not breach the fort of Tus with its 300 defenders. A Sasanian army under prince Datoyean arrived to meet the Gokturk army but was defeated. The Gokturks, Kushans and Hepththalites, then raided as far as Ray and Isfahan. The Khagan gave the order for the Gokturks to retreat, leaving the Kushans and Hepththalites on their own. Smbat quickly reorganized the eastern Persian forces and finally crushed the Kushans and Hephthalites, reportedly killing their leader in hand-to-hand combat (mard o mard). The Kushans and Hephthalites retreated to their camp.
Following these noteworthy triumphs, Smbat was summoned back to the Persian court, where he died in 616 or 617.
# Sapnap

Nicholas Armstrong (born March 1, 2001), known online as Sapnap, is an American YouTuber and livestreamer known for his Minecraft content. Along with Dream and GeorgeNotFound, he is part of the Dream Team and was a founding member of the Dream SMP Minecraft server. He has co-owned NRG Esports since 2022.

## Career

Sapnap uploaded his first YouTube video on October 20, 2019. He became known for his collaborations with fellow Minecraft personalities Dream and GeorgeNotFound, known collectively as the "Dream Team" since 2019. His videos with the group often featured Minecraft speedrunning challenges. He began streaming on Twitch, and in early 2020 he was the fourth person to join the roleplay-based Dream SMP Minecraft server, after Dream, GeorgeNotFound, and Callahan.
Sapnap has often participated in MC Championship events and consistently ranked as one of the tournament's strongest players. He has also competed in Squid Craft Games, an event organized by Spanish-speaking Minecraft creators, and won the second edition in March 2023. He is known especially for his player versus player (PvP) skills. In addition to Minecraft, his livestreams have included games such as Valorant, Fortnite and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. He has taken part in Twitch chess tournaments such as PogChamps. He has appeared in several YouTube videos by MrBeast, including one in which he won a ten-person game of tag.
Sapnap started hosting the Banter podcast with YouTuber Karl Jacobs in September 2021. Upon the release of the first episode, which featured MrBeast, the show briefly overtook The Joe Rogan Experience as Spotify's top podcast. GeorgeNotFound joined as co-host in August 2022.
In October 2022, Sapnap signed with and became a co-owner of NRG Esports. He announced that he would begin livestreaming on the site Kick in August 2023.

## Personal life

Nicholas Armstrong was born in Texas on March 1, 2001. He moved to Orlando, Florida, in 2021 to live with Dream, and the next year they were joined in the "Dream Team House" by GeorgeNotFound.

## Boxing record

| 0 fights | 0 wins | 0 losses |
| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location |
| 1 | TBD | 0–0 | Tubbo | TBD | TBD | 28 June 2025 | Amalie Arena, Tampa, Florida, U.S. |
# Columbus Municipal Airport

Columbus Municipal Airport may refer to:
all in the United States
* Columbus Municipal Airport (Indiana) in Columbus, Indiana (FAA: BAK, IATA: CLU)
* Columbus Municipal Airport (Georgia) a former airport south of downtown Columbus, Georgia; see Columbus, Georgia#Aviation
* Columbus Municipal Airport (New Mexico) in Columbus, New Mexico (FAA: 0NM0, IATA: CUS)
* Columbus Municipal Airport (Nebraska) in Columbus, Nebraska (FAA/IATA: OLU)
* Columbus Municipal Airport (North Dakota) in Columbus, North Dakota (FAA: D49)
* Columbus County Municipal Airport in Columbus County, North Carolina (FAA: CPC)
# Kadenacy effect

The Kadenacy effect is an effect of pressure-waves in gases. It is named after Michel Kadenacy who obtained a French patent for an engine utilizing the effect in 1933. There are also European and US patents. In simple terms, the momentum of the exhaust gas leaving the cylinder of an internal combustion engine creates a pressure-drop in the cylinder which assists the flow of a fresh charge of air, or fuel-air mixture, into the cylinder. The effect can be maximized by careful design of the inlet and exhaust passages.

## Uses

The Kadenacy effect has been utilized in pulse jet engines and in two-stroke piston engines and is important in the design of high-performance motorcycle engines.

### Two-stroke engines

In a two-stroke engine the pressure-drop resulting from the Kadenacy effect assists the flow of a fresh fuel-air mixture charge into the cylinder. However, the Kadenacy effect alone is not sufficient and must be boosted in some way. In small engines this is done by crankcase compression and, in large engines, by the use of a roots supercharger or turbocharger.
# Khar-Us Lake

Khar-Us Lake (Mongolian: Хар-Ус нуур, romanized: Har-Us nuur; ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠᠤᠰᠤᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ, "Black-Aqua Lake", is a lake in Khovd Province, Mongolia, located in Har Us Nuur National Park. It is the upper one in a system of the interconnected lakes: Khar-Us, Khar, Dörgön, Airag and Khyargas.
Its area value (1,852 km$^2$) includes the island Agbash (or Ak-Bashi, white head) area (274 km$^2$), so the water surface area is 1,578 km$^2$ only.
Some sources are using different Khar-Us Lake Lake statistics values:
* Water level: 1,160.08 m
* Surface area: 1,496.6 km$^2$
* Average depth: 2.1 m
* Volume: 3.12 km$^3$.
Water balance of Khar-Us Lake (Unit of water balance: mm/year) :
| Surface input | Surface input | Surface output | Surface output | Groundwater inflow- outflow | Retention time, years |
| Precipitation | Inflow | Evaporation | Outflow | Groundwater inflow- outflow | Retention time, years |
| 56.4 | 1,979.2 | 942.7 | 675.3 | -417.6 | 1.1 |
Primary inflow is the Khovd River, which creates a large river delta.
So called Genghis Khan's wall runs along the western shore of the Khar-Us Lake. It is possible to find it at the Google Map and Google Earth satellite maps 47°53′29″N 91°59′37″E﻿ / ﻿47.89139°N 91.99361°E﻿ / 47.89139; 91.99361.