# Chengmai County

Chengmai County (postal: Tsingmai; simplified Chinese: 澄迈县; traditional Chinese: 澄邁縣; pinyin: Chéngmài Xiàn) is a county in Hainan, China. It is one of four counties of Hainan. Its postal code is 571900. In 2002, its population was 490,800.

## History

The first record of Chengmai County is in 110 BC, when it referred to as Guo County in one of Emperor Wu of Han's records. The county acquired its current name under the Sui dynasty reorganisation of 607. It was also recorded during the Ming dynasty.

## Geography

Located in northwest Hainan, it is 56 km (35 mi) wide (east to west) and 70 km (43 mi) long (north to south). It has a total land area of 2,067.6 km$^2$ (798.3 sq mi). Climate-wise, it is tropical with ample sunshine and moderate rainfall all year round; on average, the county receives 2060.5 hours of sunshine and 1,756 mm (69.1 in) of rain each year. The average annual temperature is 23.7 °C (74.7 °F).
With a total land area of 206.7 km$^2$ (79.8 sq mi), melons and other tropical crops are grown around the county.
More than 20 rivers flow through the county, providing 17.4×10^$^9$ m$^3$ (610×10^$^9$ cu ft) of water per year.

### Jinjiang Town

The main settlement in the county is Jinjiang. It is located directly on the north side of the Nandu River and essentially occupies the south face of a large hill. The old section is located by the river with newer buildings further up. The backside of the hill is currently under development with mostly high-rise apartments being built. Many government buildings are situated on the top of the hill. Near the centre of the hill, there is a large park.

## Climate

Chengmai a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw). Bordering a tropical monsoon climate(Köppen Am)
Climate data for Chengmai, elevation 31 m (102 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) | 37.9 (100.2) | 40.4 (104.7) | 42.0 (107.6) | 41.1 (106.0) | 39.4 (102.9) | 38.6 (101.5) | 38.2 (100.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 34.3 (93.7) | 35.9 (96.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 28.5 (83.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.6 (92.5) | 34.4 (93.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 33.3 (91.9) | 31.8 (89.2) | 29.8 (85.6) | 27.2 (81.0) | 23.5 (74.3) | 29.6 (85.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.5 (83.3) | 27.9 (82.2) | 26.8 (80.2) | 24.8 (76.6) | 22.3 (72.1) | 19.0 (66.2) | 24.3 (75.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.9 (71.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 23.9 (75.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 19.2 (66.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 20.9 (69.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) | 5.6 (42.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.7 (67.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.3 (70.3) | 18.2 (64.8) | 12.7 (54.9) | 8.3 (46.9) | 2.0 (35.6) | 2.0 (35.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 21.2 (0.83) | 26.4 (1.04) | 41.1 (1.62) | 98.4 (3.87) | 237.8 (9.36) | 235.0 (9.25) | 270.2 (10.64) | 353.1 (13.90) | 290.7 (11.44) | 227.6 (8.96) | 51.7 (2.04) | 38.1 (1.50) | 1,891.3 (74.45) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.4 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 11.8 | 17.7 | 17.3 | 17.4 | 19.0 | 16.6 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 155.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 85 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 84 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 91.4 | 95.1 | 128.2 | 153.1 | 187.4 | 193.1 | 206.1 | 182.9 | 146.2 | 140.0 | 110.8 | 85.8 | 1,720.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 27 | 29 | 34 | 40 | 46 | 49 | 51 | 46 | 40 | 39 | 33 | 25 | 38 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administrationall-time extreme temperature ||||||||||||||

## Economy

The main industry is mining, with more than ten resources available within the county including quartz, stone, limestone, crystals, gold, silver, peat, zinc, aluminium, iron ore, kaolin, and manganese. Over 5 billion tonnes of quartz are still unmined in the county, with an average grade of 99.5% silicon. There are also nearly 11 million tonnes of limestone remaining in addition to crystal deposits 5.5 km (3.4 mi) long and 3 km (1.9 mi) wide and around 80,000,000 tonnes of kaolin.
Fishing also makes up a large part, with the county possessing 89.8 km (55.8 mi) of coastline. Apart from farm fishing, marine catches include mackerel, redfish, croaker fish, grouper, pomfret, tuna, squid, cuttlefish, lobster and shrimp, are fished in the harbour at Tu Beach. The diverse and populous fish are a result of a nutrient-rich sediment at the bottom of the harbour.

## Demographics

The Han people account for 99.5% of the population of the county.

### Longevity

The people of Chengmai County live to an average of 77.79 years. Among the population are 215 centenarians. The proportion of centenarians compared to the rest of the county's population, and the overall number, ranks highest of all cities and counties in China.
Of the total 565,000 people living in the county, 18,500 are more than 80 years old, 896 of which are couples.