OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Covering problem of Rado

The covering problem of Rado is an unsolved problem in geometry concerning covering planar sets by squares. It was formulated in 1928 by Tibor Radó and has been generalized to more general shapes and higher dimensions by Richard Rado.

## Formulation

In a letter to Wacław Sierpiński, motivated by some results of Giuseppe Vitali, Tibor Radó observed that for every covering of a unit interval, one can select a subset consisting of pairwise disjoint intervals with total length at least 1/2 and that this number cannot be improved.
He then asked for an analogous statement in the plane.
    If the area of the union of a finite set of squares in the plane with parallel sides is one, what is the guaranteed maximum total area of a pairwise disjoint subset?
Radó proved that this number is at least 1/9 and conjectured that it is at least 1/4 a constant which cannot be further improved. This assertion was proved for the case of equal squares independently by A. Sokolin, R. Rado, and V. A. Zalgaller. However, in 1973, Miklós Ajtai disproved Radó's conjecture, by constructing a system of squares of two different sizes for which any subsystem consisting of disjoint squares covers the area at most 1/4 − 1/1728 ≈ 0.2494 of the total area covered by the system.

## Upper and lower bounds

Problems analogous to Tibor Radó's conjecture but involving other shapes were considered by Richard Rado starting in late 1940s. A typical setting is a finite family of convex figures in the Euclidean space R$^d$ that are homothetic to a given X, for example, a square as in the original question, a disk, or a d-dimensional cube. Let
    $F(X)=\inf _{S}\sup _{I}{\frac {|I|}{|S|}},$
where S ranges over finite families just described, and for a given family S, I ranges over all subfamilies that are independent, i.e. consist of disjoint sets, and bars denote the total volume (or area, in the plane case). Although the exact value of F(X) is not known for any two-dimensional convex X, much work was devoted to establishing upper and lower bounds in various classes of shapes. By considering only families consisting of sets that are parallel and congruent to X, one similarly defines f(X), which turned out to be much easier to study. Thus, R. Rado proved that if X is a triangle, f(X) is exactly 1/6 and if X is a centrally symmetric hexagon, f(X) is equal to 1/4.
In 2008, Sergey Bereg, Adrian Dumitrescu, and Minghui Jiang established new bounds for various F(X) and f(X) that improve upon earlier results of R. Rado and V. A. Zalgaller. In particular, they proved that
    $0.1179\approx {\frac {1}{8.4797}}\leq F({\textrm {square}})\leq {\frac {1}{4}}-{\frac {1}{384}}\approx 0.2474,$
and that $f(X)\geq {\frac {1}{6}}$ for any convex planar X.
# All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star

All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star is a BBC reality show that began airing on BBC Two on 13 April 2021. In the show, jewellers compete to be named "Britain's Next Jewellery Star". A spin-off of the format of The Great British Bake Off, the programme is presented by Katherine Ryan, with judges Shaun Leane and Solange Azagury-Partridge (series 1) and Dinny Hall (series 2). The second series began airing on BBC Two in August 2022. It was confirmed in April 2023, that a third season would not be commissioned and the series was axed by the BBC.

## Series format

The show format is similar to The Great British Bake Off in that each episode features challenges which to be completed within a certain time period. The series starts with eight jewellers, with one being eliminated each episode. In the Best Seller challenge, the judges ask the jewellers to create specific jewellery, meeting certain criteria, with a view towards marketability. In the Bespoke Brief, the jewellers are given a request from a member of the public to design and create a specific item, with that person then making a selection from the various items made.

## Series overview

| Series | Episodes | Episodes | Originally released | Originally released | Winner |
| Series | Episodes | Episodes | First released | Last released | Winner |
| 1 | 6 | 6 | 13 April 2021 (2021-04-13) | 18 May 2021 (2021-05-18) | Hugo Johnson |
| 2 | 6 | 6 | 25 August 2022 (2022-08-25) | 29 September 2022 (2022-09-29) | Piers Carpenter |

### Series 1 (2021)

The first series of All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star started on 13 April 2021 and aired for six episodes, concluding on 18 May. The series was hosted by Katherine Ryan and the judges were Shaun Leane and Solange Azagury-Partridge. The final was won by Hugo Johnson, with Dan Musselwhite and Tamara Gomez as runners up.

### Series 2 (2022)

A second series of All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star began airing on 25 August 2022 on BBC Two. The second episode was delayed by five days to accommodate coverage of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. The series was again hosted by Katherine Ryan, Shaun Leane returned as judge, alongside new judge Dinny Hall, who replaced Solange Azagury-Partridge. The final was won by Piers Carpenter, with Emma White and Jack Mitchell as runners up.

## International broadcasts
### Broadcast

* New Zealand - broadcast since 2022 on Eden
# Premacha Game Same To Same

Premacha Game Same To Same is an Indian Marathi language television series that aired on Star Pravah. It premiered on 27 January and ended on 27 March 2020, completing 56 episodes. It stars Sanchit Chaudhari, Sayali Jadhav and Prajakta Navnale in lead roles. It is an official remake of Tamil TV series Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar.

## Cast

* Sanchit Chaudhari as Dr. Arvind/ Digha
* Sayali Jadhav as Padma
* Prajakta Navnale as Ranjana
* Kamal Thoke
* Mahesh Bhosale
* Daya Eksambekar
* Laxmi Vibhute
* Pallavi Patwardhan
* Umesh Bolake
* Siddheshwar Zadbuke
* Balkrishna Shinde

## Adaptations

| Language | Title | Original release | Network(s) | Last aired | Notes |
| Tamil | Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar நாம் இருவர் நமக்கு இருவர் | 26 March 2018 | Star Vijay | 10 June 2022 | Original |
| Marathi | Premacha Game Same To Same प्रेमाचा गेम सेम टू सेम | 27 January 2020 | Star Pravah | 27 March 2020 | Remake |
# Santa Rosa, Arizona

Santa Rosa, or Kaij Mek (O'odham) name translates as "Burnt Seeds", is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 671 as of the 2020 census. This makes Santa Rosa the most populated historical traditional village on the Tohono O'odham Nation reservation.

## Geography

Santa Rosa is located at 32°19′33″N 112°2′34″W﻿ / ﻿32.32583°N 112.04278°W﻿ / 32.32583; -112.04278 (32.325904, -112.042709).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.7 square miles (15 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

At the 2020 census there were 671 people, 174 households, and 133 families living in the CDP. The population density was 103 inhabitants per square mile (40/km$^2$). There were 231 housing units at an average density of 26.2 per square mile (10.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was <1% White, 99% Native American, <1% from other races, and <1% from two or more races. 1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 174 households 33% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28% were married couples living together, 29% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27% were non-families. 22% of households were one person and 9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3 and the average family size was 4.
The age distribution was 34% under the age of 18, 9% from 18 to 24, 28% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64, and 11% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 92 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93 males.
The median household income was $9,243 and the median family income was $12,000. Males had a median income of $22,813 versus $23,438 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,090. About 50% of families and 51% of the population were below the poverty line, including 55% of those under age 18 and 69% of those age 65 or over.
# Boris Becker (internet personality)

Boris Becker (born 16 May 1993), also known as Mr Boris Becker, born Boris Becker Bule Mbelu, is a Belgian dancer and internet personality. He became known on the internet by trapping people or celebrities in the street.

## Early life

Boris grew up in Antwerp, Belgium.

## Career

Becker became known in 2017 on Facebook.
In 2019, he pranked the French rapper Maes.
In 2021, he collaborated with PSG for the release of a new jersey, for the inauguration of the Paris Saint-Germain Academy in Rwanda.
In June 2021, he infiltrated the security of Travis Scott during the Fashion week in Paris. Afterwards, Travis Scott blocked him on Instagram.
In November 2021, the RATP filed a complaint against him and another influencer after they were filmed pretending to drive the metro in a video posted on Instagram judging this joke of bad taste.
In November 2021, he interviewed Will Smith before the release of the film King Richard.

## Personal life

Becker is a fan of combat sports. In January 2021, during the England's third national COVID-19 lockdown, Becker was arrested and locked up for four days for being outside "without a reasonable excuse". He declared that the police treated him like a criminal.

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Year | Category | Result | Ref |
| E! People’s Choice Awards | 2020 | Social Star France | Nominated | |

## Filmography
### Video clip

* 2023 : DERIX - Just Dance

### Serie

* 2023 : Celebrity Hunted : Chasse à l'homme on Amazon Prime Video
# Andrew Macnish

Andrew Geoffrey Macnish (born 11 September 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the West Coast Eagles and Geelong in the VFL/AFL.

## Football career

Macnish was a Western Australian and his early football was played with Subiaco. He represented WA in the 1986 State of Origin Carnival. He gained All-Australian team selection whilst still 20 years old making him one of the youngest in the carnival era (1953–88) from WA.
Macnish was then recruited by West Coast for their inaugural season in 1987. He played for West Coast in the 1987 and 1989 seasons, scoring a total of 29 goals in 20 games.
He finished his AFL career in Victoria with Geelong in the second half of 1992, scoring seven goals in three games. He returned to WA and completed his career with Subiaco Football Club playing a total of 195 games attaining a Club Fairest and Best and securing Life Membership.

## Professional career

Macnish gained a Civil Engineering degree and graduated with his Master's degree in Business Administration in March 1991 making him the first player in the newly constituted AFL to a attain such a qualification. He became a Management Consultant with Deloitte. He furthered his tertiary qualifications in; Insurance (and became a Fellow of the Australian and New Zealand Institute of Insurance and Finance), Town Planning, Bushfire Protection and gained another Masters Degree in Sustainability Management.
Macnish chose to raise his young family in the country and was CEO at the Shire of Bridgetown from 1998 to 2003.
Macnish was then CEO at Shire of Busselton, WA from 2003 to 2010 where he requested the Council mutually agree a contract termination.
In 2014 he resigned after only six weeks as the General Manager of George Town Council, Tas after the Council voted against his permanent employment, following a television interview where Macnish spoke of the sense of shire amalgamations and criticism of the Local Government Act. The Mayor resigned in protest having helped recruit Macnish to lead significant reform.
In 2016 attempts to negotiate on a draft employment offer for the Chief Executive Officer position at Town of Mosman Park, WA led to the offer being withdrawn without reasons given. In 2017 Macnish took legal action in the Supreme Court against the Town of Mosman Park regarding the withdrawn offer.
In October 2023 he was elected to the City of Busselton. At his first Council meeting he was elected to the Audit and Risk Committee and would go on to be voted its Chair by his peers. He created headlines after criticising the Council's actions in forcing Councillors onto a Committee they had not voted to create nor had nominated for. After legal advice was sought the Council then chose to act as he had suggested. It is believed this was the first time the relevant section of the Local Government had been used in this way.
# Syahmi Zamri

Muhammad Syahmi bin Zamri (born 12 May 2000) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Malaysia Football League club Terengganu.

## Club career
### Petaling Jaya City

Syahmi signed a contract with Petaling Jaya City in December 2020. On 21 March 2021, he made his debut for the club in a 1–0 over Sri Pahang, and scored his first goal on 12 September in a 2–1 away victory against Selangor.

## International career

Syahmi represented the Malaysian at the 2018 AFF U-19 Youth Championship and scored one goal along the tournament.

## Honours

Terengganu
* Malaysia Cup runner-up: 2023
Terengganu II
* MFL Cup: 2023
Malaysia U19
* AFF U-19 Youth Championship: 2018

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 12 September 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Felda United | 2019 | Malaysia Super League | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 4 | 0 |
| Felda United | 2020 | Malaysia Super League | 7 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 1 |
| Felda United | Total | Total | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 9 | 1 |
| Petaling Jaya City | 2021 | Malaysia Super League | 12 | 1 | – | – | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 1 |
| Petaling Jaya City | Total | Total | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 21 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 23 | 2 |
* ↑ Malaysia FA Cup
* ↑ Malaysia Cup
# The Brothers McGregor

The Brothers McGregor is a British sitcom television series set in Liverpool, and a spin-off of ITV soap opera Coronation Street, featuring two characters that originally appeared in the soap for one episode in May 1982. The show ran for four series between 1985 and 1988. It was produced by Granada TV, with the episodes written by Julian Roach and John Stevenson, who were also writing episodes of Coronation Street at the time. Unable to get Carl Chase and Tony Osoba back to play the roles, Philip Whitchurch and Paul Barber were cast instead.

## Cast

* Philip Whitchurch as Cyril McGregor
* Paul Barber as Wesley McGregor
* Jean Heywood as Dolly McGregor
* Jackie Downey as Glenys Pike
* Allan Surtees as Colwyn Stanley
* Terry Cundall as Nigel
# All Creatures of Our God and King

"All Creatures of Our God and King" is an English Christian hymn by William Henry Draper, based on a poem by St. Francis of Assisi. It was first published in a hymn book in 1919.

## History

The words of the hymn were initially written by St. Francis of Assisi in 1225 in the Canticle of the Sun poem, which was based on Psalm 148. The words were translated into English by William Draper, who at the time was rector of a Church of England parish church at Adel near Leeds. Draper paraphrased the words of the Canticle and set them to music. It is not known when Draper first wrote the hymn but it was between 1899 and 1919. Draper wrote it for his church's children's Whitsun festival celebrations and it was later published in 1919 in the Public School Hymn Book. As of 2025, it is known to be used in 270 different hymn books. The words written by St Francis are some of the oldest used in hymns after "Father We Praise Thee", written in 580 AD.
Like "Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones", Draper's text is usually set to the tune of "Lasst uns erfreuen", a German Easter hymn published by Friedrich Spee in 1623 in his book Auserlesene Catholische Geistliche Kirchengesäng. This tune became widespread in English hymn books starting with a 1906 arrangement by Ralph Vaughan Williams. John Rutter also wrote a piece of music for the hymn. Despite the hymn being initially written by Draper for Whitsun (the Anglican and English designation for Pentecost), it is mostly used in the earlier weeks of the Easter season.

## Melody

The most common melody is the 1623 German hymn tune Lasst uns erfreuen. The following setting is from the 1906 English Hymnal, with the lyrics quoted from the 1986 New English Hymnal:

## In popular culture

The hymn is prominently featured in the pilot episode of the comedy programme Mr. Bean, where the title character is in church when the congregation sings "All Creatures of Our God and King", but he has no hymnal. Consequently, he mumbles through most of the song, save for the recurrent "Alleluia", which he sings as loudly as possible.
In the United States, it was covered by the David Crowder Band on the album Can You Hear Us? in 2002 and in the album Illuminate in 2003.
# Visionaries: Small Solutions to Enormously Large Problems

Visionaries: Small Solutions to Enormously Large Problems is an Australian television series of documentary films written and directed by Tony Gailey and Julian Russell. Each of the seven films examines the work of a living person who is a revolutionary thinker in their field. What the subjects have in common is a creative contribution to humanity that has the potential to elicit a paradigm shift. They either apply a pragmatic conceptual framework for addressing global socioeconomic problems, or a radical scientific model for understanding a system.
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation premiered Visionaries in 1989; Channel 4 in the United Kingdom began transmitting the series in the following year. The series was produced by 220 Productions with funding from Film Finance Corporation Australia.
The individual films have been published on VHS home video and, in some cases, DVD.

## Episodes

| No. in series | Title | Original release date |
| 1 | "In Grave Danger of Falling Food" | 1989 (1989) |
| Bill Mollison demonstrates permaculture and discusses its implementation for food security. |||
| 2 | "Barefoot Economist" | 1989 (1989) |
| Manfred Max Neef and "barefoot economics" |||
| 3 | "The Man Who Named the World" | 1990 (1990) |
| James Lovelock and the Gaia hypothesis |||
| 4 | "Declaration of a Heretic" | 1990 (1990) |
| Jeremy Rifkin on how science and technology affect society |||
| 5 | "Midwives… Lullabies… and Mother Earth" | 1993 (1993) |
| This film explores Michel Odent's work championing midwifery, home birth, natural childbirth, and the needs of newborns and mothers. It won the Silver Apple award at the National Educational Film & Video Festival in Oakland, California. |||
| 6 | "Quest for Life: A Year with Petrea King" | 1993 (1993) |
| Petrea King is a cancer survivor and founder of the Quest for Life Foundation. After learning how facing death changes a person, she began counseling people diagnosed with terminal illness. The film was honored at the American Psychological Association Film Festival. |||
| 7 | "Democratic Allsorts" | 1993 (1993) |
| Frances Moore Lappé describes how the economically powerful control people by engineering food scarcity. |||
# 2011 Sabha clashes

The 2011 Sabha clashes were a series of clashes between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the desert oasis city of Sabha
The clashes were part of the Libyan Civil War and took place during June 2011.

## Background

Sabha is a city of around 210,000 people located by an oasis in the Libyan Desert and is home to an important military base. Much of its population are migrants from Chad, Niger, and Sudan. These migrants had been brought to Libya by Gaddafi in the 1980s and given employment and stipends by the regime to ensure their support. In addition, the city is home to a large number of members of the Qadhadhfa tribe, to which Gaddafi belongs. As a result, the city was regarded as a stronghold of pro-Gaddafi sentiment as the anti-regime protests that began across Libya in February 2011 turned into civil war. As the conflict progressed, however, many of the migrants went north to fight against the rebels, draining Gaddafi's major base of support in the city. Those who remained behind were mostly armed young locals and members of the Awlad Suleiman tribe. The Awlad Suleiman bear strong resentment against the regime. Shortly after Gaddafi seized power, members of the tribe were accused of plotting to overthrow him. Many tribesmen were executed and imprisoned as a result.

## June clashes

After remaining relatively quiet for much of the conflict, anti-government protests broke out in the city in early June. On 8 June, government troops fired into the air to disperse a crowd of protesters, igniting a violent clash between the groups. Anti-Gaddafi Awlad Suleiman tribesmen "liberated several streets" in the city by 11 June, according to the rebel National Transitional Council. Rebels set up checkpoints in the main residential district of Souk al-Namla. Reports indicated that these rebels were armed, partially by weapons from rebels in the north. By 12 June, the city's residents stated that they feared pro-Gaddafi forces and mercenaries from the north were readying to return to Sabha to subdue the opposition elements.

## July pro-Gaddafi rally

On 8 July, Gaddafi spoke to a crowd of 50,000 people at a pro-Gaddafi rally. During his speech, he threatened to attack Europe.

### August/September

On 23 August, more clashes broke out in Sabha. Col Bani called Sabha "the last stronghold for (Gaddafi)." Sabha came under anti-Gaddafi control in late September.