OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emilio Baiada

Emilio Baiada (January 12, 1914 in Tunis – May 14, 1984 in Modena) was an Italian mathematician.

## Education and career

He studied at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, where he graduated with highest honors in June 1937 along with Leonida Tonelli, with whom he worked as an assistant from 1938 to 1941, when he left for the war. In 1945 he began to teach analysis, theory of functions, calculus and rational mechanics at the Scuola Normale. In 1948 he obtained a degree in Analysis; his Ph.D. thesis was written under the direction of Tonelli and Marston Morse.
In 1949 he moved first to University of Cincinnati, where he worked with scientists like Otto Szász and Charles Napoleon Moore, and then to Princeton University, where he worked with Morse. In 1952 he obtained the chair of analysis of the University of Palermo, where he taught until 1961 before transferring to the University of Modena, where he re-launched the Institute of Mathematics and developed its Library and Mathematical Seminar.

## Work
### Research activity

He published more than 60 papers on differential equations, Fourier series and the series expansion of orthonormal functions, topology of varieties, real analysis, calculus of variations and the theory of functions.

### Teaching activity

Vinti (2007) gives a complete list of Emilio Baiada's doctoral students.

## Honors

Baiada won the Michel prize for the best thesis in Pisa, and the 1940 Merlani prize of the Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna for "contributions on subjects of calculus of variations". In 1967 he was elected corresponding member of the Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Arti di Modena. On June 9, 1976, he was awarded by President of the Italian Republic the Golden medal "Benemeriti della Scuola, della Cultura, dell'Arte".

## Selected publications

* Emilio, Baiada (1939), "Osservazioni sulla misurabilita secondo Caratheodory." [Observations on measurability according to Caratheodory], Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore, Serie II (in Italian), 8 (1): 69–74, JFM 65.0199.02, MR 1556817, Zbl 0020.10803.
* Morse, Marston; Baiada, Emilio (1953), "Homotopy and homology related to the Schoenflies problem", Annals of Mathematics, 2, 58: 142–165, doi:10.2307/1969825, MR 0056922, Zbl 0052.19902.
# Erland Frisvold

Erland Frisvold (May 13, 1877 – August 22, 1971) was a Norwegian colonel, civil engineer, and mayor of Harstad.
Frisvold was born at the farm Kjæstad in Lom, Norway, the eldest child of Pål Erlandsson Frisvold (1846–1912) and Anne Rolvsdotter Blakar Frisvold (1850–1937). He graduated from the Military Academy in 1899, and from the Norwegian Military College in 1902, and then served as the civil engineer for Harstad from 1908 to 1911. He served as mayor of Harstad from 1911 to 1912 and again from 1926 to 1929. During the Second World War, he commanded Infantry Regiment No. 12, taking part in the Battles of Narvik. He died on August 22, 1971 and is buried in Oslo's Western Cemetery (Vestre gravlund).
Frisvold was married to Valdis Kaarbø (1882–1961), the daughter of Rikard Kaarbø (1850–1901), a leading businessman in Harstad. He was the father of Lieutenant General Paal Frisvold.
# Rikard Kaarbø

Rikard Olai Kaarbø (22 May 1850 – 3 March 1901) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.

## Personal life

Rikard Olai Wilhelmsen Kaarbø was born in the parish of Trondenes in Troms, Norway to Wilhelm Olssøn Kaarbø (1811–1876) and Martine Mikaline Kildal (1828–1903). In 1875, he married Anna Elisabeth Lund. They were the parents of thirteen children. Among their children were the painter Ragnhild Kaarbø. Another daughter, Valdis Kaarbø, married Erland Frisvold who served as mayor of Harstad. Their son was General Paal Frisvold, who was head of the Norwegian Army.

## Career

He is associated with the establishment of the town of Harstad on the island of Hinnøya. He founded several businesses and fostered development of the local shipping industry. The city population increased from about 60 to 1,100 between 1876 and 1900. Harstad largely developed around his quay, packhouse and brewery.
In 1887, he initiated the foundation of the city's first newspaper, Senjens Tidende (now Harstad Tidende) and the establishment of phone company Harstad Telefonkompani in 1891. In 1888, he was a co-founder of the steamship company, Haalogalands Dampskibsselskab with headquarters in Harstad. The company continued in operation until entering bankruptcy in 1930. In 1895, he founded the mechanical workshop Harstad mekaniske Verksted, later to be knows as Kaarbøs Mek. Verksted A/S. In 1899, he founded a street gas lighting company, Harstad Acetylengassværk.
In 1893, he became chairman of the Harstad city commission. He served as mayor of Trondenes Municipality from 1883 until his death in 1901.
# Lukas Rehm

Lukas Rehm (born 5 February 1990) is a German politician who was elected as a member of the Bundestag in 2025. He has served as chairman of the Alternative for Germany in Ingolstadt-Eichstätt since 2019.
# Alessandro Lami

Alessandro Lami (27 January 1949 in Rosignano Marittimo – 8 March 2015) was an Italian classical philologist.

## Life

Born to the workman Pietro Lami and his wife Rina Colombini he grew up in Castiglioncello and was schooled in the knowledge of Latin and Classical Greek at the Liceo Classico "Niccolini Guerrazzi" in Livorno where he firstmeets his wife, Elisabetta Piccioni.
Having received a scholarship from the Scuola Normale Superiore, he eventually finishes his studies at the University of Pisa, where his academic mentor is Vincenzo di Benedetto. There he teaches Greek Literature, first as an assistant professor, than as an associate professor.
He keeps with his research until shortly before his death, collaborating with Galenos, journal of philology of medical texts directed by his friend and coworker Ivan Garofalo.
He died in the morning of 8 March 2015 next to his wife.
His ashes rest in Castiglioncello sea.

## Achievements

His areas of expertise included the history of Greek Philosophy, history of Greek Medicine and Hippocratic Corpus. His work, with comment and translation, of Galenic treatise De opinionibus propriis, is considered the best.
# Banks, Alabama

Banks is a town in Pike County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 156, down from 179 in 2010. It incorporated in December 1894.

## Geography

Banks is located at 31°48′48″N 85°50′25″W﻿ / ﻿31.81333°N 85.84028°W﻿ / 31.81333; -85.84028 (31.813464, -85.840281).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

The Deleon Post Office was closed at the end of September 1904 and moved to Banks.

### 2010 Census data

As of the 2010 Census Banks had a population of 179. The racial and ethic composition of the population was 69.3% white, 24.6% black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 1.1% from some other race, 2.8% reporting two or more races and 1.1% Hispanic or Latino from any race.

### 2000 Census data

As of the census of 2000, there were 224 people, 92 households, and 62 families residing in the town. The population density was 111.3 inhabitants per square mile (43.0/km$^2$). There were 102 housing units at an average density of 50.7 per square mile (19.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 84.82% White, 10.27% Black or African American, 1.79% Native American, 0.89% from other races, and 2.23% from two or more races. 0.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 92 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the town, the population dispersal was 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $21,719, and the median income for a family was $32,500. Males had a median income of $25,417 versus $26,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,601. About 4.8% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 11.3% of those 65 or over.

## Education

Banks Public Schools are part of the Pike County School District. Schools in the district include Goshen Elementary School, Pike County Elementary School, Banks Middle School, Goshen High School, Pike County High School and the Troy-Pike Center for Technology.
Banks Middle School is located in Banks.
Dr. Mark Bazzell is the Superintendent of Schools.

## Notable person

* Audrey Williams, wife of Hank Williams and mother of Hank Williams, Jr. was from Banks.
* William Bartley Crawley, member, Board of Directors, Commodity Credit Corporation
# Bard's Field

Bard's Field, or Bard's Field on Trinity Manor, is a historic home located at Ridge, St. Mary's County, Maryland, United States. It was built in the early 19th century. It is a 1+1⁄2-story frame house on a brick foundation with double exterior end chimneys. The house is representative of a common, 18th century, Southern Maryland house type. Formerly operated as a bed and breakfast.
Bard's Field was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
# Lutfun Nesa Hossain

Lutfun Nesa Hossain is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a Member of Parliament from a reserved seat.

## Career

Hossain was elected to parliament from reserved seat as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in February 1996.
# Maxime Boudreault

Maxime Boudreault (born 21 September 1991) is a Canadian professional strongman competitor from Kapuskasing, Ontario. He secured 3rd place in the 2021 World's Strongest Man competition in Sacramento, California, won the inaugural 'Magnús Ver Magnússon Strongman Classic' competition in 2021 in Iceland, and won the 2022 Canada's Strongest Man competition.

## Career

Boudreault's competitive career began in 2013. He competed in his first major contest, the Strongman Champions League North American Championships, coming in 9th. In 2015, he came in second in Canada's Strongest Man and received his first Giants Live invite to the 2015 Scandinavian Open. There, he placed eighth.
Boudreault had a major breakthrough in 2020, when he placed third at the Arnold Santa Monica against a field including several World's Strongest Man winners and other top-level international competitors. In 2021, he placed third at World's Strongest Man and later won the inaugural Magnús Ver Magnússon Strongman Classic.
Boudreault has continued to receive invites to top-level international shows since his 2021 campaign but has often struggled due to injury. He was forced to withdraw from the 2023 Arnold Strongman Classic and World's Strongest Man due to a broken shin. In the 2024 Arnold Strongman Classic, he was injured on the Elephant Bar deadlift and was forced to withdraw after one event.

## Personal records

* Double T Squat (with suit) – 391 kg (862 lb) (2022 Arnold Strongman Classic)
* Squat (Raw with wraps) – 354 kg (780 lb)
* Deadlift – 340 kg (750 lb) (2022 Canada's Strongest Man)
* Log press – 206 kg (454 lb) (2024 North America's Strongest Man)
* Axle press – 167.5 kg (369 lb) (2019 Giants Live North American Open)
* Húsafell Stone – 186 kg (410 lb) for 80.0 meters

## Competitive record

Winning percentage: 6.25% Podium percentage: 21.87%
| | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Podium | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | Total |
| International competitions | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 32 |
# National Highway 71 (India)

National Highway 71 (NH 71) (previously National Highway 205) is a National Highway in India, that lies completely in the state of Andhra Pradesh. This highway passes through Temple city Tirupati and connects with Coastal Andhra Pradesh. The western terminal starts at the junction of National Highway 42 near Madanapalle and terminates at the junction of National Highway 16 near Naidupeta in the east.

## Route

It starts at Madanapalle and passes through Vayalpad, Kalikiri, Pileru, Tirupati, Renigunta, and Yerpedu before it ends at Nayudupeta road. It has a route length of 190.6 km (118.4 mi).

## Junctions

    NH 42 Terminal near Madanapalle
    NH 40 near Pileru
    NH 140 near Tirupati
    NH 716 near Renigunta
    NH 565 near Yerpedu
    NH 16 Terminal near Nayudupeta
# William Alexander (painter)

William Alexander (10 April 1767 – 23 July 1816) was an English painter, illustrator and engraver. The hallmarks of his work, usually executed in watercolours, were clearness and harmony of colour, simplicity and taste in composition, grace of outline, and delicacy of execution. He accompanied the Macartney Embassy to China in 1792. Prints of his work were reproduced from engravings. One of his works was used to illustrate Cadell & Davies' Britannia depicta.

## Life and works

Alexander was born in Maidstone, Kent, the son of Harry Alexander, a coachmaker. He was educated at Maidstone Grammar School, but in 1782, at the age of 15, moved to London to study art - first under William Pars, and subsequently Julius Caesar Ibbetson. In February 1784, he was admitted to the Royal Academy Schools. He assiduously applied himself to the mastery of his profession, obtaining the notice and approbation of Sir Joshua Reynolds.
In 1792, he was appointed as one of the draughtsmen to the Macartney Embassy to China. He accompanied the Earl of Macartney to Peking where he made drawings for the plates which accompanied Sir George Staunton's account of the embassy (published in 1797). In 1794 he returned to England and married Jane Wogan the following year. She died soon afterwards.
His other principal works were: "Views of Headlands, Islands, etc. taken during the Voyage to China" (1798); drawings based on Daniells' sketches, for Vancouver's Voyage to the North Pacific Ocean (1798); and the descriptive plates to Sir John Barrow's Travels in China (1804), and Voyage to Cochin China (1806). In 1805 he published "The Costume of China", illustrated by 48 coloured engravings. The work was so well-received that in 1814 he published another book titled Picturesque Representations of the Dress and Manners of the Chinese, illustrated in fifty colored engravings, with descriptions.
Besides his works as a draughtsman, he made several engravings - the principal one of which is a representation of the Festival given by the Earl of Romney to the Kentish Volunteers, on 1 August 1799, from his own drawing.
In 1802, Alexander was appointed professor of drawing at the Military College at Great Marlow, resigning in May 1808 to take up the post of assistant keeper of antiquities in the British Museum. In the years 1810, 1812, and 1815, he made drawings of the terra cottas and marbles in the Museum which were engraved and published in three volumes - the accompanying text being provided by Taylor Combe (keeper of the Department of Antiquities). Alexander had completed drawings for a fourth volume before his death.
He died at the house of his uncle in Maidstone in July 1816, and was buried in Boxley churchyard. He was described in one of his obituaries as "a man of mild and unassuming manners, rich in the knowledge of art, and of unsullied integrity."
In honour of his artistic accomplishments, an exhibition titled "William Alexander: An English Painter in Imperial China" was held at the Royal Pavilion Art Gallery and Museum, Brighton from 8 September to 25 October, 1981 and at the Nottingham Art Gallery from 23 November to 17 December 1981.
# Rozz Tox Manifesto

The Rozz Tox Manifesto is a 1979 essay by visual artist Gary Panter in which Panter rejects the notion of the artist as bohemian; instead, an artist is encouraged to work within capitalism to reach a larger market.

## Selected quotes

* "It is unfortunate and unacceptable what vile and lazy do-nothings are given unwarranted credence for mouthing such foul and mean clichés as 'rip-off' and 'sell-out.' They have no understanding of our economy and the time it takes society to go. Confess and shut up! Capitalism good or ill is the river in which we sink or swim. Inspiration has always been born of recombination."
* "In a capitalistic society such as the one in which we live, aesthetics as an endeavor flows thorough a body which is built of free enterprise and various illnesses. In boom times art may be supported by wildcat speculation or by excess funds in form of grants from the state or patronship as a tax write-off. Currently we are suffering from a lean economy. By necessity we must infiltrate popular mediums. We are building a business-based art movement. This is not new. Admitting it is."
* "Waiting for art talent scouts? There are no art talent scouts. Face it, no one will seek you out."
* "Law: If you want better media, go make it."

## Effects on culture

The essay influenced Panter's friend Matt Groening, who later went on to become the creator of The Simpsons.
In Matt Howarth's comic Stalking Ralph, the musical group The Residents are portrayed as being created by a "Rozz Tox Virus", whose ultimate goal is to constantly mutate to avoid becoming part of mainstream culture. While the text of the manifesto does not appear in the comic, an alien creature declares, "The underground becomes the establishment", and that the reason The Residents change their band identity so often is to remain underground and to avoid becoming establishment. Howarth's interpretation of Rozz Tox is different from Groening's. While Groening has worked within a capitalist system to create and to perpetuate successful merchandising, Howarth's characters are specifically avoiding "selling out" and avoiding popular acceptance.
The manifesto is the namesake of outsider art gallery, venue, and café Rozz-Tox in Rock Island, Illinois. The café is a favorite stop among touring musicians and is known for events that are unique to the Quad Cities area, with special programming dedicated to hosting international experimental artists.
# Silent Snow, Secret Snow

"Silent Snow, Secret Snow" (1932) is Conrad Aiken's best-known short story, often included in anthologies of classic American horror and fantasy short fiction. It was first published in the Autumn 1932 issue of the Virginia Quarterly Review. It later appeared in The Collected Stories of Conrad Aiken in 1934, and since then has been widely anthologized.

## Plot

The story tells of a 12-year-old boy named Paul Hasleman, who finds it increasingly difficult to pay attention to his classwork while growing more distant from his family. He is, instead, becoming more and more entranced by daydreaming about snow. This began when he was lying in bed one morning, awaiting the approach of the postman. Unable to hear the expected footfalls, the boy imagines that they have been muffled by newly fallen snow, and is surprised when he looks out the window and discovers that there is no snow on the ground.
Paul's increasing distance and indifference to the world around him alarms his parents. He has to struggle to get dressed and converse with others, because of the allure of his daydream about snow. His parents eventually call in a physician, who makes a house call to examine Paul. After revealing that he likes to think about snow, Paul tears himself away from the meeting with the physician and retreats to his room. When his mother pursues him, he tells her "Go away ... I hate you!", and is lost in the dreamworld of the snow.

## Interpretations

The story tells of a normal boy's descent into a dream world of snow that he finds preferable to the dirty and mundane world. The story can also be thought of as a Symbolist rejection of reality. The progressive withdrawal from reality and social relationships, as well as preoccupation with idiosyncratically meaningful ideas could be interpreted as characteristic of schizophrenia.

## Adaptations

In 1964 a 17-minute short film based on the story was produced by Gene Kearney.
It was dramatized as an episode of Rod Serling's Night Gallery, also directed by Kearney, starring Radames Pera and narrated by Orson Welles. The original broadcast date was October 20, 1971.
The story was the inspiration for an instrumental song of the same name by guitarist Jim Matheos on his first solo album, First Impressions.
The story inspired the song "Silent Snow" by musician Scott Appel on his album Nine of Swords.
The story inspired the song "KEROSENE" by musician OF SAINT.
# Goshen, Alabama

Goshen is a town in Pike County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 266, down from 300 in 2000. It incorporated in 1907.

## History

A post office called Goshen has been in operation since 1839. The town was named after the biblical Land of Goshen.

## Geography

Goshen is located at 31°43′11″N 86°7′33″W﻿ / ﻿31.71972°N 86.12583°W﻿ / 31.71972; -86.12583 (31.719715, -86.125861).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.5 square miles (6.5 km$^2$), of which 2.5 square miles (6.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.40% is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 300 people, 138 households, and 85 families residing in the town. The population density was 119.4 inhabitants per square mile (46.1/km$^2$). There were 146 housing units at an average density of 58.1 per square mile (22.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 67.67% White, 29.33% Black or African American and 3.00% Native American.
There were 138 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $24,219, and the median income for a family was $28,393. Males had a median income of $22,969 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,664. About 17.2% of families and 23.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 15.9% of those 65 or over.

## Education

Goshen Public Schools are part of the Pike County School District (Alabama). Schools in the district include Goshen Elementary School, Pike County Elementary School, Banks Middle School, Goshen High School, Pike County High School and the Troy-Pike Center for Technology.
Goshen Elementary School (Alabama) and Goshen High School (Alabama) are located in Goshen.
Dr. Mark Bazzell is the Superintendent of Schools.

## Notable person

* Mike Pelton, former NFL defensive tackle and current defensive line coach for the Kennesaw State Owls
* Derrick Foster, former Iowa Hawkeyes and Los Angeles Chargers running backs coach and current running backs coach for the New Orleans Saints.

## Gallery

* Goshen High School
* Goshen Post Office (ZIP Code: 36035)
# Laila Begum

Laila Begum is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a member of parliament from a reserved seat.

## Career

Begum was elected to parliament from reserved seat as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in February 1996.
On 19 February 2015, Begum was detained outside the office of Bangladesh Nationalist Party chairpersons, Khaleda Zia, office along with other BNP politicians by Bangladesh Police.