OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Superhero (Heroes & Villains)

"Superhero (Heroes & Villains)" is a song by American record producer Metro Boomin, American rapper Future, and American singer Chris Brown, released as the title track from the former's second studio album Heroes & Villains (2022). Co-produced by Allen Ritter and David X Eli, it peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Composition

"Superhero (Heroes & Villains)" is a trap song that features "pummeling 808s and muted horns" in the production, over which Future raps in his "customary, chant-like flow", and style similar to "the days of DS2" In the latter portion, the instrumental "fades into somber synths", for "distorted melodies" from Chris Brown, who sings about people who do not want to see him succeed. The song also contains a sample of rapper Jay-Z's line about living "long enough to see yourself become a villain" in "So Appalled" by Kanye West (which is a reference to Harvey Dent's quote in the film The Dark Knight).

## Critical reception

The song received generally positive reviews from critics. Hamza Riaz of Mic Cheque deemed it as one of the "bone-chilling cuts" and best tracks from Heroes & Villains, although also writing that "When there is a new voice, they are shoehorned onto a disconnected strand of a track that would've benefited without it", bringing up the song as an example. Peter A. Berry of Complex praised Future's vocals, describing them as "mix of menace, rambunctiousness and comically straightforward obscenity", as well as the transition in production, describing it "as theatrical as it is smooth." Brady Brickner-Wood of Pitchfork wrote, “Even Future's got a little pep in his step here, particularly on the anthemic 'Superheroes (Heroes & Villains)'”. HipHopDX defined it "another hit that traces back to 808s wizardry, it transitions from protracted horns to whimsically processed synthesizer notes toward the end as Chris Brown steps in for a brief yet memorable outro".

## Music video

A music video for the song was released on December 2, 2022, alongside Heroes & Villains. It begins with Metro Boomin and Future involved in a tense diamond theft, before shifting to a series of surreal scenes, including Metro surfing in the sky. Chris Brown and his respective verse at the end of the song do not appear in the video.

## Certifications

Certifications for "Superhero (Heroes & Villains)" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | 3× Platinum | 210,000$^‡$ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | 2× Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 2× Platinum | 160,000$^‡$ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000$^‡$ |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000$^‡$ |
| Italy (FIMI) | Gold | 50,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Platinum | 30,000$^‡$ |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Platinum | 50,000$^‡$ |
| Portugal (AFP) | Gold | 5,000$^‡$ |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 30,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000$^‡$ |
| Streaming |||
| Greece (IFPI Greece) | Platinum | 2,000,000$^†$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. $^†$ Streaming-only figures based on certification alone. |||
# Strain hardening exponent

The strain hardening exponent (also called the strain hardening index), usually denoted $n$, is a measured parameter that quantifies the ability of a material to become stronger due to strain hardening. Strain hardening (work hardening) is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity increases during plastic (permanent) strain, or deformation. This characteristic is what sets ductile materials apart from brittle materials. The uniaxial tension test is the primary experimental method used to directly measure a material's stress–strain behavior, providing valuable insights into its strain-hardening behavior.
The strain hardening exponent is sometimes regarded as a constant and occurs in forging and forming calculations as well as the formula known as Holloman's equation (after John Herbert Holloman Jr.) who originally posited it as:
$\sigma =K\epsilon ^{n}$
where $\sigma$ represents the applied true stress on the material, $\epsilon$ is the true strain, and $K$ is the strength coefficient.
The value of the strain hardening exponent lies between 0 and 1, with a value of 0 implying a perfectly plastic solid and a value of 1 representing a perfectly elastic solid. Most metals have an $n$-value between 0.10 and 0.50. In one study, strain hardening exponent values extracted from tensile data from 58 steel pipes from natural gas pipelines were found to range from 0.08 to 0.25, with the lower end of the range dominated by high-strength low alloy steels and the upper end of the range mostly normalized steels.

## Tabulation

Tabulation of $n$- and $K$-values for several alloys :
| Material | n | K (MPa) |
| Aluminum 1100–O (annealed) | 0.20 | 180 |
| 2024 aluminum alloy (heat treated—T3) | 0.16 | 690 |
| 5052-O | 0.13 | 210 |
| Aluminum 6061–O (annealed) | 0.20 | 205 |
| Aluminum 6061–T6 | 0.05 | 410 |
| Aluminum 7075–O (annealed) | 0.17 | 400 |
| Brass, Naval (annealed) | 0.49 | 895 |
| Brass 70–30 (annealed) | 0.49 | 900 |
| Brass 85–15 (cold-rolled) | 0.34 | 580 |
| Cobalt-base alloy (heat-treated) | 0.50 | 2,070 |
| Copper (annealed) | 0.54 | 325 |
| AZ-31B magnesium alloy (annealed) | 0.16 | 450 |
| Low-carbon steel (annealed) | 0.26 | 530 |
| Low-carbon steel (cold worked) | 0.08 | 700 |
| 4340 steel alloy (tempered @ 315 °C) | 0.15 | 640 |
| 304 stainless steel (annealed) | 0.450 | 1275 |
# Shutov

Shutov (Russian: Шутов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Shutova. It may refer to
* Lyubov Shutova (born 1983), Russian fencer
* Oleksandr Shutov (born 1975), Ukrainian football player
* Sergei Shutov (born 1955), Russian artist
** The Shutov Assembly, an album by British musician Brian Eno dedicated to Sergei Shutov
* Stepan Shutov (1902–1963), Soviet military officer
* Vladimir Shutov (born 1971), Russian football player
* Yury Shutov (1946–2014), Russian politician
# Steven Lerud

Steven James Lerud (born October 13, 1984) is an American former professional baseball catcher, who is currently a manager in the Chicago Cubs organization. During his playing days, he briefly played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies (2012–2013).

## Early life

Steven Lerud was born in Reno, Nevada. Lerud attended to Galena High School, in Reno, Nevada.

## Playing career
### Pittsburgh Pirates

Lerud was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the third round of the 2003 Major League Baseball draft. On November 9, 2009, he elected free agency.

### Baltimore Orioles

On December 7, 2009, Lerud signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. However, on March 27, 2010, Lerud was traded to the Baltimore Orioles in exchange for a player to be named later. In 58 appearances split between the Double-A Bowie Baysox and Triple-A Norfolk Tides, he slashed a combined .190/.316/.351 with six home runs and 16 RBI. Lerud elected free agency following the season on November 6.
Lerud re-signed with the Orioles organization on a new minor league contract on December 26, 2010. Lerud elected free agency again on November 2, 2011.

### Philadelphia Phillies

On December 9, 2011, Lerud signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies, who promoted him to the big leagues on August 24, 2012. He appeared in 3 MLB games in 2012, batting .200, in 10 at-bats. Lerud was subsequently dropped from the 40-man roster after the end of that season, but signed a 2013 minor league contract with the Phillies' organization. He appeared in 6 major league games with the Phillies in 2013, going hitless in 5 at-bats. Lerud elected free agency on October 1, 2013.

### Atlanta Braves

He signed a minor league deal with the Atlanta Braves on November 11, 2013 and received a non-roster invitation to Major League spring training.

### Washington Nationals

On January 12, 2015 Lerud signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals he was assigned to Triple–A Syracuse Chiefs the same day. He elected free agency on November 7.

### Seattle Mariners

On February 3, 2016, Lerud signed a minor league deal with the Seattle Mariners and received an invite to spring training. He was released by the Mariners on April 7.

### San Francisco Giants

On April 27, 2016, Lerud signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants organization. In 60 games for the Triple–A Sacramento River Cats, he batted .229/.385/.288 with one home run and 19 RBI. Lerud elected free agency following the season on November 7.

### Texas Rangers

On January 5, 2017, Lerud signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers that included an invitation to spring training. He did not appear in a game for the organization and elected free agency following the season on November 6.

## Coaching career

On January 19, 2018, Lerud was named as manager of the Minor League Baseball (MiLB) Low–A Eugene Emeralds, a Northwest League affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. In 2019, Lerud was named as manager for the Myrtle Beach Pelicans, the High–A affiliate for the Cubs.
# Shirin Akhter

Shirin Akhter (born 12 April 1954) is the general secretary of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Feni-1 constituency from January 2014 to January 2024.

## Career

Akhter is the general secretary of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal, the faction led by Hasanul Haq Inu. Inu is a former information minister of Bangladesh. Inu appointed her the general secretary of the party on 12 March 2016. The party then split in two over opposition to her appointment by some party members. The rebel faction was led by Sharif Nurul Ambia and Moinuddin Khan Badal. After a hearing Bangladesh Election Commission recognized the faction led by Inu and Shirin as the mainstream fraction of the party. She was elected unopposed to the Jatiya Sangsad in 2014. She has called for greater recognition of work done by women in rural areas of Bangladesh. On 26 December 2016, she and Inu led a delegation of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal to meet with the President of Bangladesh Abdul Hamid in the Bangabhaban, to recommend the next chief election commissioner of Bangladesh Election Commission who will oversee the next Bangladeshi general election.
# 2024–25 KNVB Cup

The 2024–25 KNVB Cup, for sponsoring reasons officially called the TOTO KNVB Beker, is the 107th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 110 teams will contest, beginning in September with the first of two preliminary rounds, and ending in April 2024 with the final played at De Kuip in Rotterdam. The winners will qualify for the 2025–26 UEFA Europa League league stage. Feyenoord were the defending champions, but were eliminated by PSV in the quarter-finals.

## Schedule

| Round | Draw | Match Dates |
| First preliminary round | 18 July 2024 | 3–4 September 2024 |
| Second preliminary round | 5 September 2024 | 24–25 September 2024 |
| First round | 28 September 2024 | 29–31 October 2024 |
| Second round | 1 November 2024 | 17–19 December 2024 |
| Round of 16 | 20 December 2024 | 14–16 January 2025 |
| Quarter-finals | 17 January 2025 | 4–6 February 2025 |
| Semi-finals | 7 February 2025 | 26–27 February 2025 |
| Final | 7 February 2025 | 21 April 2025 |

## First round

The draw for the first round took place on 28 September 2024, with matches being played on 29, 30 and 31 October. Ajax, AZ, Feyenoord, Go Ahead Eagles, PSV and FC Twente are exempt from this round due to their participation in European football.

## Second round

The second round consisted of 32 teams; the 26 winners from the first round, as well as the six Eredivisie clubs which automatically advanced to the second round due to their participation in European club competitions. The draw took place on 1 November 2024, with the matches being played on 17, 18 and 19 December 2024.

## Round of 16

The 16 second round winners entered the Round of 16. The draw took place on 20 December 2024, with the matches being be played on 14, 15 and 16 January 2025.

## Quarter-finals

The eight winners of the round of 16 entered the quarter-finals. The draw took place on 17 January 2025, and the matches were played on 4, 5 and 6 February 2025.

## Semi-finals

The four quarter-final winners entered the semi-finals. The matches were played on 26 and 27 February 2025.

## Final

The final will be held between the two semi-final winners on 21 April 2025.
# Adamówka, Lublin Voivodeship

Adamówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żółkiewka, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in Eastern Poland.
# Aleksandria Krzywowolska

Aleksandria Krzywowolska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rejowiec, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) west of Chełm and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Nick Davis Productions
## Background

Nick Davis Productions (NDP) was founded by writer, filmmaker, and television producer Nick Davis in 2001. NDP is run by Nick Davis with the help of various producers, assistants and interns. They have offices and post-production facilities in downtown Manhattan.

## History

The company's first project was a Bravo Profile of actor Gene Wilder, followed closely by A&E’s New York at the Movies, hosted by Meryl Streep.
NDP went on to make the Hugo Award-winning series, Stories of the Innocence Project, which explored the role of DNA testing in exonerating the wrongfully imprisoned. Stories of the Innocence Project aired on Court TV from 2004 to 2006. NDP, also for Court TV, produced The Chief, a one-hour special about a detective from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who comes to Shawnee, Oklahoma, to run their police department and shake up the sleepy Midwestern town. The Chief aired on Court TV in 2006.
In the television industry, NDP worked on projects including Making News: Texas Style, a 13-part verite series which illustrates the ins and outs of a TV news production company. They made created a second season titled Making News: Savannah Style, featuring the same thematic concept but a new neighborhood. Addition, NDP created Bobby G: Adventure Capitalist, an 8-episode series currently airing on MOJO.
NDP completed a feature-length documentary about Team Slipstream, a cycling team devoted to cleaning up its scandal-ridden sport, which will air on the Sundance Channel in 2009. Plans for 2009 also include a new show for the Science Channel and a pilot for The Learning Channel.
In 2018, NDP produced and directed a film for PBS' American Masters program, Ted Williams: "The Greatest Hitter Who Ever Lived," narrated by Emmy- and Golden Globe-winning actor Jon Hamm. The New York Post called it "excellent," saying, "It provides a warts-and-all portrayal of one of the game’s most fascinating historical figures."
In 2021, Davis produced and directed "Leaving Tracks", a feature-length documentary that tells the life story of Robert Haas (Bobby), the founder of the Haas Moto Museum. "Leaving Tracks" has appeared at over 15 film festivals worldwide, including Docufest, Montreal Independent Film Festival, New York International Film Festival, and Oniros, where it won Best Documentary Feature.
Most notably in 2021, NDP directed a four-part "30 for 30" ESPN film on the 1986 New York Mets titled Once Upon a Time in Queens. The film, which premiered on September 14 and 15, 2021, was produced in partnership with ESPN Films, Jimmy Kimmel's Kimmelot, ITV America, and Major League Baseball.
# Nguyễn Văn Vy

Nguyễn Văn Vỹ (Vietnamese pronunciation:; 16 January 1916 – 1981) was a South Vietnamese soldier who rose to the rank of General in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). In addition to his military career, he served as Minister of National Defense of the Republic of Vietnam from 1967 to 1972.
Vy was born in 1916 in Hanoi.

## Military career

After graduating from the administration school, against his father wishes, joined the French Officer military academy and served as an officer of an airborne regiment. He was a veteran of the Dien Bien Phu battle and took part in the allied landing in Korea. He originally served in the Vietnamese National Army under General Nguyễn Văn Hinh. On 1 May 1955 Vy was arrested after trying to take over the Army in the name of Emperor Bảo Đại to stop Ngô Đình Diệm from taking power fraudulently, and was forced to flee to France as an exile.
Vy returned to South Vietnam after the 1963 coup which removed Diem from power and led to his assassination. He was arrested during the January 1964 South Vietnamese coup for being a member of the military committee command staff, under General Dương Văn Minh (or "Big Minh"). It was the late President Diem and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu who want to open talks with the North Vietnamese. Like most of the military leaders involved in the alleged plot, he was soon released. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant General, and was appointed Chief of Staff of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam in 1967.
In February 1967 Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ appointed him and the Defense Minister, General Cao Văn Viên, to a committee to root out corruption among senior military personnel. President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu replaced Viên as Defense Minister with Vy on 25 May 1968. As Defense Minister, Vy ran the Servicemen's Mutual Aid and Savings Fund (SMASF), a government-run and owned pension fund for South Vietnamese military personnel.
In 1971 Vy allegedly embezzled millions of dollars from the fund in order to create or buy the Bank of Industry and Commerce, Vicco (a road and bridge construction company), Vi-navatco (a transportation firm), Icico (an insurance company), and Foproco (a food processing company). On 22 March Thiệu dismissed five of Vy's senior aides due to a scandal relating to the SMASF. Thiệu removed him from office on 6 August 1972. He was placed under house arrest, and fired in March 1974. He died in the Bégin Military Teaching Hospital in 1981 at the age of 65.

## Awards and decorations

* South Vietnam :
** Grand Officer of the National Order of Vietnam
** Army Distinguished Service Order, First Class
** Air Force Distinguished Service Order, First Class
# Arnaldo Toro

Arnaldo Toro Barea (born October 28, 1997) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player for the Juventus Utena of the Lithuanian Basketball League and the Puerto Rican national team. Standing at a height of 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m), he plays the power forward and center positions.

## Professional career
### VEF Rīga (2023–2024)

On October 5, 2023, Toro Barea signed with VEF Rīga in Latvian-Estonian Basketball League and Basketball Champions League.

### Juventus Utena (2024–present)

On August 6, 2024, Toro Barea signed one-year deal with Juventus Utena of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL).

## National team

Toro Barea represented Puerto Rico in the 2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship, where he was the best rebounder and averaged double-double. He represented Puerto Rico national team the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup. He was also part of the team that helped Puerto Rico qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics after defeating both Italy in the semifinals and Lithuania in the final of one of four 2024 FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments.
# SeeThink Films

SeeThink Films is a Brooklyn-based film production company consisting of a partnership of filmmakers, focusing on documentary and fiction work in both film and television. Some of their past projects include Darkon, Alice Neel, Stand Clear of the Closing Doors and Breaking a Monster.

## History

‘’SeeThink Productions’’ was initially created in 2001 by Andrew Neel after graduating from the film studies program at Columbia University. In 2004, filmmakers Tom Davis, Luke Meyer, and Ethan Palmer joined Neel to make their first feature Darkon and founded SeeThink Films to continue producing films together. In 2016, longtime collaborator Brad Turner joined SeeThink Films as the collective's fifth partner.

## Filmography

| Year | Project | Director(s) | Producer(s) | Production company(s) |
| 2006 | Darkon | Luke Meyer, Andrew Neel | Tom Davis, Ethan Palmer | SeeThink Films, Ovie Entertainment |
| 2007 | Alice Neel | Andrew Neel | Ethan Palmer, Rebecca Spence | SeeThink Films |
| 2008 | The Feature | Michel Auder, Andrew Neel | Ethan Palmer | SeeThink Films |
| 2009 | New World Order | Luke Meyer, Andrew Neel | Tom Davis | SeeThink Films, IFC, Cactus Three |
| 2012 | King Kelly | Andrew Neel | Andrew Corkin, Tom Davis, Luke Meyer, Ethan Palmer, Ed Vassallo | SeeThink Films |
| 2013 | Bluebird | Lance Edmands | Garrett P. Fennelly, Kyle Martin, Alexander Shepsman | Act Zero Films, Film i Väst, Killer Films, Rooks Nest Entertainment, SeeThink Films, Washington Square Films |
| 2013 | Stand Clear of the Closing Doors | Sam Fleischner | Andrew Neel, Veronica Nickel, Dave Saltzman, Craig Shilowich | How Follows What, SeeThink Films, M ss ng P eces |
| 2015 | Breaking a Monster | Luke Meyer | Tom Davis, Thad Luckinbill, Trent Luckinbill, Molly Smith | Black Label Media, SeeThink Films |
| 2016 | Goat | Andrew Neel | James Franco, David Hinojosa, Vince Jolivette, Christine Vachon | Killer Films, Fresh Jade, Rabbit Bandini |

## Short Films & Music Videos

* Limb After Limb (2023, directed by Andrew Neel)
* Unlocking The Truth (2014, directed by Luke Meyer)
* I Don’t Wanna Go Into the Darkness (2012, directed by Luke Meyer)
* Family Band: Children (2010, directed by Luke Meyer)
* TV on the Radio: Staring at the Sun (2004, directed by Elliot Jokelson)
* The Stills: Still in Love Song (2004, directed by Andrew Neel)
* billy528 (2001, directed by Andrew Neel)
# Llain-y-gawsai

Llain-y-gawsai is a village and community in Llanbadarn Fawr, Ceredigion, Wales. It is 74.6 miles (120.1 km) from Cardiff and 178.8 miles (287.8 km) from London. It is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and the MP Ben Lake (Plaid Cymru).

## Landmarks

* Windmill