# Coles County, Illinois

Coles County is a county in Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,863. Its county seat is Charleston, which is also the home of Eastern Illinois University.
Coles County is part of the Charleston–Mattoon, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Coles County was organized by on December 25, 1830, from Clark and Edgar counties. It was named after Edward Coles, the second governor of Illinois, from 1822 to 1826. The majority of the American settlers who founded Coles County were either from the six New England states, or were born in upstate New York to parents who had moved to that region from New England shortly after the American Revolution. They were part of a wave of farmers who headed west into the frontier of the Northwest Territory during the early 1800s. The completion of the Erie Canal led to an increase in such migrants heading west. When these settlers originally reached what is today Coles County, they found dense virgin forest and prairie.
The New England settlers laid out farms, constructed roads, erected government buildings and established post routes. They brought with them many of their "Yankee" values, such as staunch support for abolitionism as well as a passion for education. They quickly established schools in their communities. They were mostly members of the Congregationalist Church, though some were Episcopalian. As a result of the second Great Awakening, many had become Baptists or switched to Protestant denominations such as Methodism or Presbyterianism before moving to what is now Coles County. The prevalence of settlers with New England heritage resulted in their establishing a culture that was continuous with that of New England for the first several decades of its history. As a result of this, county residents largely supported abolitionism in the antebellum period, and also the Republican Party as of the 1850s and 1860s.
Beginning in 1849, numerous German immigrants arrived in Coles County, refugees from the rebellions the year before in various principalities. This population overwhelmingly supported the abolition of slavery.
Irish Catholic immigrants who had fled the famine in their country also settled here. Illinois Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas was extremely popular amongst Irish Catholic immigrants in Coles County at this time. During the Civil War the Irish Catholic community of Coles County would overwhelmingly be Copperheads.
* Coles County from the time of its creation to 1843
* Coles County between 1843 and 1859
* Coles County reduced to its current size in 1859 by the creation of Douglas County

## Folklore representation in other media

Coles County has generated several well-known legends and folktales, including the Mad Gasser of Mattoon and accounts of the ghost of Mary Hawkins at Pemberton Hall. Michael Kleen has compiled many of these tales, including the "witch's grave" of St. Omer Cemetery and the story of "Rag Doll Cemetery," in his book Tales of Coles County, Illinois (2010).
The legend of "Rag Doll Cemetery" was adapted for the screenplay of the independent film Rag Doll, filmed in 2010 primarily in and around Mattoon, Illinois. The novel A Family Possessed (2000) by L. W. Stevenson, is based on a rural family's account of poltergeist activity at their home in the 1980s.
Ashmore Estates has long been a part of local folklore. Originally serving as the almshouse at the Coles County Poor Farm, it is considered a haunted attraction and a place of interest for paranormal investigators.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 510 square miles (1,300 km$^2$), of which 508 square miles (1,320 km$^2$) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$^2$) (0.4%) is water.

### Climate and weather

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Charleston have ranged from a low of 19 °F (−7 °C) in January to a high of 88 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 110 °F (43 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.20 inches (56 mm) in January to 4.65 inches (118 mm) in July.

### Adjacent counties

* Douglas County - north
* Edgar County - northeast
* Clark County - southeast
* Cumberland County - south
* Shelby County - southwest
* Moultrie County - west

### Major highways

* Interstate 57
* US Route 45
* Illinois Route 16
* Illinois Route 49
* Illinois Route 121
* Illinois Route 130
* Illinois Route 133

### Public transit

* Dial-A-Ride Rural Public Transportation
* Mattoon station

## Demographics

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 53,873 people, 21,463 households, and 11,963 families residing in the county. The population density was 106.0 inhabitants per square mile (40.9/km$^2$). There were 23,425 housing units at an average density of 46.1 per square mile (17.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 92.9% white, 3.8% black or African American, 1.0% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 25.6% were German, 16.4% were Irish, 11.1% were American, 10.0% were English, 3.4% were Polish, 2.9% were Italian, 2.5% were French, 2.1% were Dutch and 1.9% were Scots-Irish.
Of the 21,463 households, 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 44.3% were non-families, and 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age was 31.6 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,457 and the median income for a family was $54,170. Males had a median income of $38,915 versus $28,781 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,601. About 10.6% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities
### Cities

* Charleston (seat)
* Mattoon
* Oakland

### Villages

* Ashmore
* Humboldt
* Lerna

### Unincorporated Communities

* Bushton
* Campbell
* Coles
* Cooks Mills
* Diona
* Dorans
* Embarrass
* Etna
* Fairgrange
* Fuller
* Hutton
* Janesville
* Jones
* Kings
* Lipsey
* Loxa
* Magnet
* Newby
* Paradise
* Rardin
* Trilla
* Wabash Point

### Townships

Coles County is divided into these twelve townships:
* Ashmore
* Charleston
* East Oakland
* Humboldt
* Hutton
* Lafayette
* Mattoon
* Morgan
* North Okaw
* Paradise
* Pleasant Grove
* Seven Hickory

## Education

* Eastern Illinois University
* Lake Land College
* Lakeview College of Nursing (Charleston)
* Charleston Community Unit School District 1
* Mattoon Community Unit School District 2
* Oakland Community Unit School District 5

## Politics

Coles County leans strongly towards the Republican Party in Presidential elections. Although it was carried by Illinoisian Barack Obama in 2008, the GOP regained the county in 2012 and the next presidential elections.
United States presidential election results for Coles County, Illinois :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 13,606 | 62.95% | 7,495 | 34.68% | 512 | 2.37% |
| 2020 | 14,037 | 61.92% | 8,067 | 35.59% | 564 | 2.49% |
| 2016 | 13,003 | 59.33% | 7,309 | 33.35% | 1,606 | 7.33% |
| 2012 | 11,631 | 54.26% | 9,262 | 43.21% | 544 | 2.54% |
| 2008 | 10,978 | 47.42% | 11,716 | 50.60% | 459 | 1.98% |
| 2004 | 13,015 | 57.13% | 9,566 | 41.99% | 199 | 0.87% |
| 2000 | 10,495 | 52.23% | 8,904 | 44.31% | 694 | 3.45% |
| 1996 | 8,038 | 41.65% | 8,950 | 46.38% | 2,310 | 11.97% |
| 1992 | 8,098 | 36.31% | 9,402 | 42.16% | 4,800 | 21.52% |
| 1988 | 11,043 | 56.62% | 8,327 | 42.69% | 134 | 0.69% |
| 1984 | 14,044 | 65.95% | 7,156 | 33.60% | 95 | 0.45% |
| 1980 | 11,994 | 58.02% | 6,743 | 32.62% | 1,934 | 9.36% |
| 1976 | 11,021 | 54.66% | 8,639 | 42.85% | 502 | 2.49% |
| 1972 | 13,681 | 62.90% | 7,988 | 36.72% | 82 | 0.38% |
| 1968 | 10,449 | 52.86% | 7,337 | 37.12% | 1,980 | 10.02% |
| 1964 | 8,878 | 43.83% | 11,377 | 56.17% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 12,166 | 58.45% | 8,629 | 41.46% | 19 | 0.09% |
| 1956 | 12,436 | 62.13% | 7,569 | 37.82% | 10 | 0.05% |
| 1952 | 12,660 | 61.59% | 7,876 | 38.31% | 20 | 0.10% |
| 1948 | 8,638 | 50.56% | 8,393 | 49.13% | 53 | 0.31% |
| 1944 | 9,473 | 51.31% | 8,936 | 48.40% | 54 | 0.29% |
| 1940 | 10,528 | 47.82% | 11,409 | 51.83% | 77 | 0.35% |
| 1936 | 8,800 | 42.17% | 11,931 | 57.17% | 137 | 0.66% |
| 1932 | 7,313 | 39.40% | 11,081 | 59.71% | 165 | 0.89% |
| 1928 | 11,479 | 69.12% | 5,071 | 30.54% | 57 | 0.34% |
| 1924 | 8,342 | 54.90% | 5,544 | 36.49% | 1,308 | 8.61% |
| 1920 | 8,563 | 58.76% | 5,811 | 39.87% | 200 | 1.37% |
| 1916 | 8,314 | 50.83% | 7,772 | 47.51% | 271 | 1.66% |
| 1912 | 2,263 | 26.86% | 3,453 | 40.98% | 2,710 | 32.16% |
| 1908 | 4,388 | 50.83% | 3,957 | 45.84% | 287 | 3.32% |
| 1904 | 4,901 | 55.52% | 3,435 | 38.91% | 492 | 5.57% |
| 1900 | 4,706 | 53.61% | 3,921 | 44.66% | 152 | 1.73% |
| 1896 | 4,534 | 52.52% | 3,982 | 46.13% | 117 | 1.36% |
| 1892 | 3,693 | 48.57% | 3,611 | 47.49% | 300 | 3.95% |

## Notable people

* Thomas Lincoln, father of President Abraham Lincoln, moved to Coles County in 1831 and died there in 1851.