# Imus

Imus (Tagalog pronunciation:), officially the City of Imus (Filipino: Lungsod ng Imus), is a component city and de jure capital of the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 496,794 people.
It is the de jure capital of the province of Cavite, located 20 kilometers (12 mi) south of Metro Manila, when President Ferdinand Marcos decreed the transfer of the seat of the provincial government from Trece Martires on June 11, 1977. However, most offices of the provincial government are still located in Trece Martires. Imus was officially converted into a city following a referendum on June 30, 2012.
Imus was the site of two major Katipunero victories during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Battle of Imus was fought on September 3, 1896, and the Battle of Alapan, on May 28, 1898, the day when the first Philippine flag was flown making Imus the "Flag Capital of the Philippines". Both events are celebrated annually in the city. The Imus Historical Museum honors the city's history with historical reenactment of scenes from the revolution.

## Etymology

The name Imus comes from Tagalog imos or imus, meaning "cape" or "headland."

## History
### Early history

Like Cavite City (originally called Cavite La Punta) and Noveleta (La Tierra Alta), Imus used to be a part of Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit), whose parish church was built by the Jesuits during the administration of Archdiocese of Manila Archbishop Miguel Garcia Serrano, 1618–1629. For more than a century and a half the people of Imus had to endure walking or traveling 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi) of dirt road to attend religious services or transact official business in the city proper. The difficulty of communication between Imus and Cavite el Viejo was a long-standing complaint of the Imuseños until another religious order, the Augustinian Recollects, as a consequence of the British occupation of Manila in 1762, established a parish church in Imus, in what is now known as Bayang Luma.
However, the church site was far from the estate house of the 11,100 hectares (27,000 acres) hacienda acquired in 1686 by the Recollect Corporation, and when the church was destroyed by the strong typhoon of September 1779, the Recollect Friars transferred it to barrio Toclong, and finally to sitio de Balangon, now the city plaza of Imus.
With the establishment of the Recollect parish the people of Imus gained their religious emancipation from the Jesuit-run parish of Cavite el Viejo. The Recollects, however, would not be content with little victory or achievement. In 1774, Recollect Fr. Pedro San Buenaventura petitioned the government to "separate the inquilinos (tenants) of Imus from the political jurisdiction of the government of "Cavite el Viejo". After a considerable time of waiting, the petition was granted and Imus became an independent municipality on October 3, 1795.
On May 28, 1898, Imus gained its independence from Spanish colonial rule after the last remaining stronghold of forces from the Spanish empire had been defeated in the Battle of Alapan as headed by General Emilio Aguinaldo. This battle led to the Philippine Declaration of Independence in Kawit, Cavite June 12, 1898. The modern flag of the Philippines was first unfurled in victory during this battle as they march their way to the present day Cavite City, together with the captured forces of Spain. In commemoration of the event, a Battle of Alapan marker was constructed inside the compound of Alapan Elementary School on May 28, 1998, and was inaugurated by President Fidel V. Ramos. Although on May 28, 2014, a new marker and the Imus National Heritage Park were inaugurated at Barangay Alapan 2-A to make the initially constructed marker more accessible to the public.
On October 15, 1903, the Philippine Commission enacted Act No. 947, merging the adjacent towns of Bacoor and Perez-Dasmariñas with Imus. Bacoor was later separated from Imus in 1906, followed by Perez-Dasmariñas in 1917.

### Modern history

On June 11, 1977, then President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 1163, which transferred the provincial capital of Cavite from Trece Martires to Imus City. There is no other enabling law after that, that specifies the capital of Cavite
On May 28, 2008, National Flag Day, the city celebrated the First Wagayway Festival (Flag-Waving Festival) signifying the very first unfurling of the Flag of the Philippines during the Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898, against the Spanish colonizers. The battle was a major victory for General Emilio Aguinaldo (later the first president of the Philippine Republic) during the Philippine Revolution, which eventually led to the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, in nearby Kawit, Cavite. The five-day event was highlighted by the historical reenactment of events from the sewing of the flag by Filipino exiles in Hong Kong, the Battle of Alapan, to the defeat of the Filipinos by the American troops silencing the dreams of an independent Philippines. The reenactment included students, city employees and barangay officials.
The festival was launched by then mayor, Emmanuel Maliksi, who reminded the people that the core of the celebration is love and respect for the Philippine flag, which symbolizes freedom and love for the country. Among the guests present was the former Prime Minister of the Philippines, Cesar Virata, who is a grandnephew of General Emilio Aguinaldo.

### Lone District of Imus

A bill was filed by Representative Joseph Abaya with co-authors Congressman Pidi Barzaga and Crispin Remulla creating the municipality of Imus as a lone Legislative districts of the Philippines. The bill was supported by Senator Panfilo Lacson, Senator Richard Gordon and Senator Bong Revilla. On October 22, 2009, Republic Act 9727 was approved by the President of the Philippines creating the lone District Imus as the "Third District of Cavite".

### Cityhood

During the 10th Congress (1995–1998), a House Bill (HB) no. 08960 was filed by Congressman Renato P. Dragon together with the other cityhood bills for Bacoor (HB 08959) and Dasmariñas (HB 08931). The bills did not pass the Congress. Congressman Erineo Maliksi filed House Bill no. HB01989 last August 3, 2010, which created the city of Imus. The bill was enacted into law as Republic Act No. 10161. The plebiscite required to ratify the conversion of the municipality of Imus into a component city was scheduled June 30. 2012. Republic Act No. 10161 was ratified by the registered voters of Imus through a plebiscite conducted last June 30, 2012, converted the municipality of Imus in the Province of Cavite into a component city to be known as the City of Imus. There were about 22,742 voters who cast their ballots in the town's 453 polling precincts. The "yes" votes won overwhelmingly getting 20,438 while the "no" votes got 2,304.

## Geography
### Topography

Imus covers a land total area of 6,470 ha (16,000 acres) or 64.70 km$^2$ (24.98 sq mi), approximately 6.8% of the total land area of the province of Cavite, which is 1,427.06 square kilometers (550.99 sq mi) The almost rectangular inland city of Cavite is bounded by the municipalities of Kawit and Noveleta to the north, and General Trias to the west; by the cities of Bacoor to the east and Dasmariñas to the south.
The city is located near the Metropolitan Manila area, just 20 kilometers (12 mi) south of Manila. With the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, this local government unit is now included in the Greater Manila area, which reaches Lipa City in its southernmost part.

### Climate

Climate data for Imus City, Cavite :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 32 (90) | 34 (93) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 30 (87) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10 (0.4) | 10 (0.4) | 12 (0.5) | 27 (1.1) | 94 (3.7) | 153 (6.0) | 206 (8.1) | 190 (7.5) | 179 (7.0) | 120 (4.7) | 54 (2.1) | 39 (1.5) | 1,094 (43) |
| Average rainy days | 5.2 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 9.2 | 19.7 | 24.3 | 26.9 | 25.7 | 24.4 | 21.0 | 12.9 | 9.1 | 189.3 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

### Barangays

Imus is politically subdivided into 97 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
These barangays are grouped into two local and national electoral districts officially called Imus West and Imus East, which are represented in the Congress by their respective representatives and city council by their respective councilors. In 1998, the town was composed of 21 barangays; these former barangays were further subdivided to make the current collection of 97. The barangays which have been divided into multiple pieces carry the original barangay name, distinguished by capital letters if the name ends in numbers; for example, Medicion 1 is subdivided into Medicion 1-A, Medicion 1-B, etc. Names ending in letters (such as Bucandala, Bayan Luma, etc.) are distinguished by numbers (Bucandala 1, Bayan Luma 2, etc.). The only exceptions to this rule are Barangay Buhay na Tubig and the Barangays inside Bahayang Pag-asa Subdivision, namely Mariano Espeleta I to III, Pinagbuklod, Magdalo, Maharlika and Bahayang Pag-asa (later renamed Bagong Silang).
District I
* Alapan I-A
* Alapan I-B
* Alapan I-C
* Alapan II-A
* Alapan II-B
* Bucandala I
* Bucandala II
* Bucandala III
* Bucandala IV
* Bucandala V
* Carsadang Bago I
* Carsadang Bago II
* Malagasang I-A
* Malagasang I-B
* Malagasang I-C
* Malagasang I-D
* Malagasang I-E
* Malagasang I-F
* Malagasang I-G
* Malagasang II-A
* Malagasang II-B
* Malagasang II-C
* Malagasang II-D
* Malagasang II-E
* Malagasang II-F
* Malagasang II-G
* Medicion I-A
* Medicion I-B
* Medicion I-C
* Medicion I-D
* Medicion II-A
* Medicion II-B
* Medicion II-C
* Medicion II-D
* Medicion II-E
* Medicion II-F
* Pag-asa I
* Pag-asa II
* Pag-asa III
* Poblacion I-A
* Poblacion I-B
* Poblacion I-C
* Poblacion II-A
* Poblacion II-B
* Poblacion III-A
* Poblacion III-B
* Poblacion IV-A
* Poblacion IV-B
* Poblacion IV-C
* Poblacion IV-D
* Toclong I-A
* Toclong I-B
* Toclong I-C
* Toclong II-A
* Toclong II-B
District II
* Anabu I-A
* Anabu I-B
* Anabu I-C
* Anabu I-D
* Anabu I-E
* Anabu I-F
* Anabu I-G
* Anabu II-A
* Anabu II-B
* Anabu II-C
* Anabu II-D
* Anabu II-E
* Anabu II-F
* Bagong Silang (Bahayang Pag-asa)
* Bayan Luma I
* Bayan Luma II
* Bayan Luma III
* Bayan Luma IV
* Bayan Luma V
* Bayan Luma VI
* Bayan Luma VII
* Bayan Luma VIII
* Bayan Luma IX
* Buhay na Tubig
* Magdalo
* Maharlika
* Mariano Espeleta I
* Mariano Espeleta II
* Mariano Espeleta III
* Palico I
* Palico II
* Palico III
* Palico IV
* Pasong Buaya I
* Pasong Buaya II
* Pinagbuklod
* Tanzang Luma I
* Tanzang Luma II
* Tanzang Luma III
* Tanzang Luma IV (Southern City)
* Tanzang Luma V
* Tanzang Luma VI

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of Imus, was 496,794 people, with a density of 7,700 inhabitants per square kilometre or 20,000 inhabitants per square mile.

### Religion

The majority of the inhabitants of Imus are Christian, composed mostly of Catholics, Protestants, Members Church of God International, Aglipayans, and of other various sects. There is also sizable population of Muslims due to the influx of migrants from Mindanao.
Imus is the see of the Diocese of Imus, which is coterminous with the province. Imus Cathedral, which is under the patronage of the canonically-crowned Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Imus (Our Lady of the Pillar of Imus), is the seat of the Bishop of the Diocese of Imus. The city served as the host diocese during the 5th Asian Youth Day on November 20–27, 2009.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Imus
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 2000 3.17
* 2003 1.89
* 2006 3.00
* 2009 2.34
* 2012 1.10
* 2015 4.92
* 2018 2.71
* 2021 9.29
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Imus is the foremost banking center of Cavite with numerous financial institutions and also an excellent banking infrastructure is being propagated by the present government to spearhead the development of the city. The city of Imus has shown a steady rise in its income earning a 1st class income classification in 1986. Its 9,701-hectare (23,970-acre) land area serves as home to a population of 195,482. In 1993, Imus had 1,369 commercial establishments, 200 manufacturing establishments and 41 financial institutions. Ten years hence, it has 6,636 licensed business establishments that include 4,376 commercial establishments, 300 manufacturing establishments and 190 financial institutions.
With a comfortable 18 km (11 mi) distance from Metro Manila, Imus serves as a favorable site for industrial establishments such as the 200-hectare (490-acre) Imus Informal Industrial Estate and Anabu Hills Industrial Estate. Corporations that are 100% Filipino-owned include Annie's Candy Manufacturing, Inc., CKL Industries and Liwayway Mktg. Corp. Factories of partly Filipino-owned corporations include Champan Garment Corp., Hayag Motorworks & Machine Shop and San Miguel-Yamamura Asia Corp.. Foreign-owned corporations include Frontline Garments Corp. and EDS MFG, Inc., which produces automotive wiring harness. Imus is also the home of the Anabu Handmade Paper Products, a producer of handmade paper and paper products.
The Imus Commercial/Business District along Nueño Avenue (also called Imus Boulevard) is the center of commerce in the city. The Imus Public Market (Pamilihang Bayan ng Imus) is the hub of trade in the district. The market is divided into 25 zones and has 805 stalls. Commercial, industrial and manufacturing industries owned by Taiwanese, Japanese and Filipino investors can also be found there. There are 3,601 commercial establishments duly registered in the city as of March 1999.
Eighteen major industrial establishments with a total capitalization of 1.311 billion pesos have established their base at the Imus Informal Industrial Estate providing local employment to an estimated 13,478 people as of December 1998. Located just along the stretch of the General Emilio Aguinaldo Highway, the main highway of Cavite traversing the city from north to south, the 200-hectare informal industrial estate houses manufacturing companies owned by foreign and Filipino investors. Imus has ventured to the export of automotive wire harness and electrical components, acrylic sheets and lighting fixtures, processed foods, shellcraft, bamboo, rattan and woodcraft, furniture, garments and novelty items to other countries. Several subdivisions and mass housing projects and the establishment of factories and small-scale industries in many of its barangays have resulted in a movement of population into the city.
However, heavy traffic congestion caused by the 'buhos' (pour) system, inadequate road signage and systems, poor road maintenance, mixed vehicles (tricycles, pedicabs, bicycles, etc.), unjustified traffic priority schemes and rampant violation of traffic rules is observable on roads. This is causing headaches to travelers specifically along Aguinaldo Highway. In an attempt to improve road conditions, traffic lights were installed in Aguinaldo highway and on other busy intersections in the city in 2015.
Ayala Land Inc. is investing Php 70 B for an estate "Vermosa", it will be accessible by Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway.
Agriculture, particularly rice production, is still practiced in the city.

## Government
### Elected officials

City government of Imus (June 30, 2022 - June 30, 2025) :
| Representative ||
| Adrian Jay C. Advincula ||
| Mayor ||
| Alex L. Advincula ||
| Vice Mayor ||
| Homer T. Saquilayan ||
| Sangguniang Panlungsod ||
| Lloyd Emman D. Jaro (National Unity Party) | Lloren Dionela G. Saquilayan (National Unity Party) |
| Larry Boy S. Nato (National Unity Party) | Jelyn Maliksi (Liberal) |
| Dennis Lacson (Partido Reporma) | Darwin Remulla (National Unity Party) |
| Mark Villanueva (National Unity Party) | Exequiel B. Ropeta (PDP–Laban) |
| Sherwin Lares Comia (National Unity Party) | Atty. Wency Lara (National Unity Party) |
| Enzo Asistio Ferrer (National Unity Party) | Igi Revilla Ocampo (National Unity Party) |
| Association of Barangay Council President Reymundo Ramirez | Sangguniang Kabataan Federation President Glian Piolo Ilagan of Bayan Luma VI |
| Provincial Board Members ||
| Shernan Jaro (National Unity Party) | Arnel Cantimbuhan (National Unity Party) |
| Chelsea Jillian Sarno (Sangguniang Kabataan) | Provincial Federation President |

### List of heads
#### Gobernadorcillos

* Licerio Topacio (1888–1890)
* Cayetano Topacio (1890–1892)
* Angel Buenaventura (1892–1894)

#### Capitanes Municipal

* Bernardino Paredes (1894–1896)
* Jose Tagle (1896–1897)
* Valentin Conejo (1898–1900)

#### Municipal presidents

* Donato Virata (1900–1903)
* Juan Viña (1903)
* Licerio Topacio (1903)
* Pedro Buenaventura (1903)
* Pantaleon Garcia (1904–1905)
* Felipe Viña (1905–1909)
* Maximo Abad (1910–1912)
* Felipe Viña (1912–1915)
* Pablo Palma (acting: 1912–1913)
* Cecilio Kamantigue (1915–1919)
* Felix Paredes (1919–1925)
* Blas Mallari (1925–1928)
* Epifanio Gabriel (1928–1931)

#### Mayors

| # | Mayor | Start of term | End of term |
| 1 | Dominador Camerino | 1931 | 1940 |
| – | Geronimo Maluto | 1931 | 1932 |
| 3 | Elpidio Osteria | 1940 | 1944 |
| 4 | Alfredo Saqui | 1944 | 1945 |
| 5 | Fortunato Remulla | 1945 | 1945 |
| 6 | Dominador Ilano | 1945 | 1946 |
| – | Epifanio Gabriel | 1946 | 1946 |
| (6) | Dominador Ilano | 1946 | 1963 |
| – | Rodrigo Camia | 1960 | 1960 |
| (1) | Dominador Camerino | 1964 | 1967 |
| 7 | Manuel Paredes | 1967 | 1967 |
| 8 | Jose V. Jamir | 1968 | 1986 |
| – | Mariano Reyes | 1968 | 1968 |
| – | Mariano Reyes | 1969 | 1969 |
| – | Damian Villaseca | 1986 | 1986 |
| – | Wilfredo Garde | 1986 | 1988 |
| 9 | Ayong Maliksi | 1988 | 1998 |
| – | Ricardo C. Paredes Sr. | 1998 | 1998 |
| 10 | Oscar A. Jaro | June 30, 1998 | June 30, 2001 |
| 11 | Homer T. Saquilayan | June 30, 2001 | March 30, 2004 |
| (10) | Oscar A. Jaro | March 31, 2004 | June 30, 2004 |
| (11) | Homer T. Saquilayan | June 30, 2004 | March 21, 2007 |
| (10) | Oscar A. Jaro | March 21, 2007 | March 28, 2007 |
| (11) | Homer T. Saquilayan | March 28, 2007 | April 25, 2007 |
| (10) | Oscar A. Jaro | April 26, 2007 | June 30, 2010 |
| (11) | Homer T. Saquilayan | June 30, 2010 | December 28, 2011 |
| 12 | Emmanuel L. Maliksi | December 29, 2011 | March 17, 2013 |
| (11) | Homer T. Saquilayan | March 18, 2013 | April 11, 2013 |
| (12) | Emmanuel L. Maliksi | April 12, 2013 | June 30, 2022 |
| 13 | Alex L. Advincula | June 30, 2022 | present |

### City seal

* Inscriptions. The official seal of the City of Imus bears the inscriptions Lungsod ng Imus, Lalawigan ng Cavite (City of Imus, Province of Cavite), the year 2012 representing the year of the city charter.
* Symbolism. The nine sun's rays symbolizes hope and bright future. The gear symbolizes trade and industry. The church signifies the separation of church and state, and the rich cultural traditions. The Imus City Hall building signifies heritage, peaceful and good living conditions and citizenry participation. The school and houses signifies community development and Christian endeavors. The satellite symbolizes technology. The road signifies the development of the city towards industrialization. The lady signifies Inang Bayan (Motherland) representing Filipino nationalism in the Battle of Alapan. The jeepney represents the entrepreneurial spirit of the Imuseños.
* Colors. Yellow represent the spirited, joyful and bright outlook of the people; blue denotes peace and order maintained through the unparalleled support of its citizenry; and green for growth and prosperity leading to the flfillment of its people's dream and aspirations.

## Notable personalities

* Ayong Maliksi, former PCSO chairman, former representative 3rd District, Cavite, former mayor of Imus, former Cavite governor
* Cesar E.A. Virata, former Prime Minister of the Philippines
* Chlaui Malayao, Filipina child actress from GMA Network
* Christian Bautista, singer, actor
* Gilbert Remulla, news anchor, TV host, former representative 2nd District, Cavite
* Juanito Victor C. Remulla, politician, Cavite governor and former vice-governor
* Kaye Abad, actress
* Leonardo Sarao, businessman and jeepney designer, founder of Sarao Motors
* Luis Antonio Tagle, Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of Imus, Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Manila, Filipino Cardinal, President, Caritas Internationalis, and Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
* Marcelito Pomoy, singer, Pilipinas Got Talent Season 2 Grand Winner
* Panfilo Lacson, senator, former Philippine National Police chief
* Terrence Romeo, professional basketball player for San Miguel Beermen
* Jose R. Velasco, national scientist, chemist and agriculturist
* Hilario Lara, National Scientist of the Philippines for Public Health
* Leonides Sarao Virata, economist
* Helena Zoila Tirona Benitez, former senator, educator
* Francisca Tirona, educator, co-founder of the Philippine Women's University
* Hilaria del Rosario de Aguinaldo, first wife of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
* Pablo, member of the Filipino boy band SB19

## Gallery

* The District Imus, a community mall
* Our Lady of the Pillar Medical Center
* Camp Gen. Pantaleon Garcia, the Cavite Provincial Police Office, site of the Imus Arsenal
* Battle of Imus Monument
* The welcome arch along Nueno Avenue (prior to its dismantle in 2023)
* Del Pilar Academy (Blue Building) behind Imus Pilot Elementary School
* Imus Institute of Science and Technology (formerly Imus Institute)