OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bourguibism

* This article is part of a series aboutHabib Bourguiba
Ancestry
Early life
Personal life
Political career
Tunisian national movement
Bourguibism
Chronology
1930 to 1934 1934 to 1939 1939 to 1945 1945 to 1949 1949 to 1956
L'Action Tunisienne
Naturalization issue
Neo Destour
Ksar Hellal Congress
Independence
Premiership
Code of Personal Status
President of Tunisia
Presidency
Bizerte crisis
Socialist Destourian Party
Arab Islamic Republic
Bread riots
Operation Wooden Leg
1987 coup d'état
Later life
Legacy
Bibliography :
vte :
Bourguibism (Arabic: البورقيبية al-Būrqībiyah, French: bourguibisme) refers to the policies of Habib Bourguiba, the first President of Tunisia, and his followers.
Bourguibism is defined by a strong commitment to national independence and specifically Tunisian nationalism (as opposed to pan-Maghrebi or pan-Arab ideas), a state capitalist approach on economic development, welfare state, a statist and corporatist interpretation of populism, strict secularism, and cultural modernity, advocating Tunisia's place as a bridge between Arab-Islamic and Western civilisation. While Bourguibists condemned Tunisians who had collaborated with the French colonial rulers, they did not repress the strong European cultural influence on Tunisia and French continued to be the language of higher education and elite culture. Bourguibism is sometimes described as a variety of Kemalism but with focus on the Tunisian identity.
As a political style or strategy, Bourguibism is characterised by intransigence in pursuing certain goals and non-negotiable principles combined with flexibility in negotiations and readiness to compromise considering the means to effectuate them. It is therefore described as pragmatic, non-ideological, moderate, and reformist rather than revolutionary, but determined and relentless at the same time. For example, despite being decidedly secularist, Bourguiba made sure to curtail the public role of Islam only carefully and gradually, in order not to arouse opposition from conservative Muslims.

## Political parties with Bourguibist platforms

* Neo Destour/Socialist Destourian Party/Democratic Constitutional Rally (1934–2011)
* National Destourian Initiative (2011–2019)
* El Watan Party (2011–2013)
* Nidaa Tounes (2012–)
* El Amal (2012–)
* Free Destourian Party (2013–)
* Machrouu Tounes (2016–)
* Tahya Tounes (2019–)
# VA Medical Center station (DART)

VA Medical Center station is a DART light rail station in Dallas, Texas. It is located at Lancaster Road (SH 342) and Mentor Avenue in the Oak Cliff neighborhood. It opened on May 31, 1997. It serves the Blue Line, serving nearby residences and businesses, the Dallas VA Medical Center, and the Dallas Urban League.
# Haven Entertainment

Haven Entertainment, founded in 2006 as Tom Sawyer Entertainment is a film production and management company founded by Rachel Miller and Jesse Hara. Haven produced happythankyoumoreplease, the US Audience Award winner at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. Miller is an agent who represented Josephine Angelini's Starcrossed.
Following the 2008 writers strike, Tom Sawyer shifted and began to develop books before adapting them to the big screen. In 2012, Tom Sawyer merged with Picture Machine and the new company is known as Haven Entertainment.

## Films

* Happythankyoumoreplease, 2010
* Liberal Arts, 2012
# Rajac (Negotin)

Rajac (Serbian Cyrillic: Рајац) is a village 22 km south of Negotin in Serbia. It is known for its historic wine cellars and is a popular touristic destination. Nearby, there is a village of Rogljevo, also known by historic wine cellars.

## History

The village church, dedicated to the Ascension (Вазнесења Господњег), was built in 1870.
# Northampton Sand Formation

The Northampton Sand Formation, sometimes called the Northamptonshire Sand, is a Middle Jurassic geological formation which is placed within the Inferior Oolite Group. It was formerly worked extensively in Northamptonshire for its ironstone.
The Northampton Sand Formation constitutes the lowest part of the Inferior Oolite Group and lies on the upper Lias clay. It attains a maximum thickness of up to 21 metres (69 ft) to the north and west of Northampton where it lies in a subterranean basin. In the south, it fades out around Towcester. Northward from the edge of the basin in the upper Lias, under Northampton, it lies progressively lower beneath the Jurassic Lincolnshire limestones. A little to the north of Corby Glen (grid reference TF0027) it is at about 50 metres (160 ft) from the surface. It fades out under north Lincolnshire as the strata rise towards the Market Weighton Axis.
The formation to dates to the Aalenian, and predominantly consists of sandy ironstone, which when freshly exposed is greenish-grey in colour, which weathers to limonitic brown sandstone. It formed in an extensive, shallow sea on the northwestern margin of the London-Brabant Massif. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus. A species of horseshoe crab, Mesolimulus woodwardi has been described from the formation.
The formation is a significant emitter of radon gas.

## Commercial exploitation

There is a description of the twentieth century exploitation of the Northampton Sand for iron-smelting in the Wellingborough article.
# Portrait of the Marquess Wellesley

The Marquess of Wellesley is a portrait painting by the English artist Thomas Lawrence of the Irish statesman Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley. Wellesley was a senior politician in Britain where he served as Foreign Secretary from 1809 to 1812 and was regarded as a potential future Prime Minister. Lawrence was the leading portraitist of the Regency era, depicting prominent figures from Britain and it's European Allies during the Napoleonic Wars. It is also known as the Portrait of Lord Wellesley.

## Subject

A member of the Irish Aristocracy, Wellesley had made his name during his spell as Governor-General of India. He had promoted the career of his younger brother Arthur, the future Duke of Wellington. By the time Lawrence painted him he was rapidly being eclipsed in fame by his younger brother who led British and Allied troops to victory in the Peninsular War and the later Battle of Waterloo.
Wellesley resigned from the government in early 1812 in a failed attempt to replace Spencer Perceval. His successor at the Foreign Office was Lord Castlereagh who oversaw British policy during the defeat of Napoleon. Wellesley remained on the political sidelines for several years, before his career revived by being made Viceroy of his native Ireland in 1821.

## Painting

The painting was commissioned by the sitter. He is shown dressed in an ensemble of black clothing and sitting on a red upholstered armchair with a curtain in the background. He is wearing the prestigious Order of the Garter (Lesser George of the Order of the Garter on the riband and the Garter on the left leg). As with all his major portraits, Laurence executed the work in oil on canvas. It became the best-known image of Wellesley, who was painted on several occasions, due to the numerous engravings made of it. An 1815 mezzotint by Charles Turner is now in the National Portrait Gallery. The original painting was later presented by Wellesley to the young Queen Victoria. In 1859 it was hanging at Windsor Castle. It remains part of the Royal Collection.
A few years after completing the painting, Lawrence depicted Wellesley's future wife the American heiress Marriane
# Martin Dzúr

Martin Dzúr (12 July 1919 – 15 January 1985) was a Slovak military officer and a communist politician, who served as defense minister from 1968 to 1985.

## Early life and education

Dzúr was born in Ploštín (now part of Liptovský Mikuláš), Slovakia, on 12 July 1919. His parents were peasants. From 1937 to 1939 he studied woodworking. In the late 1940s he graduated from a military school, a higher academic course and the General Staff Academy in Moscow. He also received a degree in engineering.

## Career and activities

Dzúr joined the Slovak army for military draft service in 1941. However, he left the Slovak army and defected to the Soviet Union in January 1943. He joined both the Soviet forces and the illegal Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1943. Then he began to serve in the 119th brigade of the Red Army. Following World War II he became a captain in the Soviet-assisted Czechoslovak independent brigade in 1946.
In 1959, Dzúr was made deputy defense minister. He was appointed defense minister under President Ludvík Svoboda in April 1968, replacing Bohumír Lomský in the post. He was a colonel general when he was named as the minister of defense. Four months after Dzúr's appointment the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968.
In the immediate aftermath of the invasion, Dzúr was arrested in his office by two Soviet military officers. Ivan Yershov, Soviet chief of staff during the invasion, stated in 1989 that Dzúr initially refused to take orders from the Soviets, arguing that only Alexander Dubček, leader of the Czechoslovak communist party, could give orders to him. However, Andrei Grechko, the former commander of the Warsaw Pact, told Dzúr by telephone that "if a single Czechoslovak soldier fired so much as one shot, he would personally hang Dzúr from the first tree." Dzúr was allowed only to call Dubček to inform him of the invasion. On 28 September 1968 Dzúr increased the number of Czechoslovak military areas accessible to Soviet troops.
Dzúr was elected to the communist party's central committee in 1971. His term as defense minister ended on 11 January 1985 when he retired from office due to ill health. Milán Václavík replaced him in the post.

### Views

Dzúr was close to Alexander Dubček. The 1970 CIA report describes Dzúr as a moderate like Dubček.

### Honours and awards

Dzúr was awarded the highest Soviet prize, the Order of Lenin, in 1983.

## Death

Only four days after his removal from office Dzúr died of "a long and serious illness" in Prague on 15 January 1985.
# Vatara Thana

Vatara Thana is a thana of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. Its neighbourhoods include Sayeed Nagar, Basundhara Residential Area, Vatara, Solmaid, Nurerchala, Khilbarirtek, Kalachandpur, and Kuril.
Key roads passing through this thana include Progoti Sarani, and Madani Avenue, a 100-foot-wide (30 m) road connecting it to Rupganj Upazila of Narayanganj.
Part of this thana is encompassed by ward number 40 of Dhaka North City Corporation.
# Robert Tyler (baseball)

Robert Prosser Tyler (born June 18, 1995) is an American former professional baseball pitcher.

## Career

Tyler attended Crisp County High School in Cordele, Georgia. In 2013, his senior year, the Albany Herald named him their Player of the Year. He then enrolled at the University of Georgia to play college baseball for the Georgia Bulldogs. As a freshman, Collegiate Baseball named Tyler a Freshman All-American. In 2015, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Bourne Braves of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
The Colorado Rockies selected Tyler with the 38th overall selection of the 2016 MLB draft. Tyler signed with Colorado and was assigned to the Boise Hawks of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League, where he posted an 0–2 record and 6.43 ERA in five starts (seven innings). He did not pitch in 2017 due to shoulder fatigue. In 2018, he pitched for the Asheville Tourists of the Class A South Atlantic League and the Lancaster JetHawks of the Class A-Advanced California League, going a combined 4–3 with a 5.10 ERA over 47.2 innings. Tyler played for Lancaster in 2019, going 1–0 with a 8.16 ERA over 28.2 innings. He announced his retirement on January 12, 2020.
# Ryan Adams (baseball)

Ryan Scott Adams (born April 21, 1987) is a former professional baseball second baseman. He previously played in Major League Baseball with the Baltimore Orioles.

## Career
### Baltimore Orioles

Adams was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the 2nd round of the 2006 MLB draft out of Jesuit High School in New Orleans, Louisiana.
He began his professional career with the Bluefield Orioles of the Rookie-class Appalachian League in 2006 before being promoted late in the season to the Aberdeen IronBirds of the Short-season "A" New York–Penn League, where he remained for 2007, hitting .236 in 67 games.
In 2008, he hit .308 in 119 games with 11 homers and 57 RBI for the Delmarva Shorebirds of the South Atlantic League and in 2009, he hit .288 in 59 games for the Frederick Keys of the Carolina League.
Adams was promoted to the AA Eastern League for 2010 and hit .298 with 15 homers and 68 RBI in 134 games for the Bowie Baysox.
He began 2011 with the Norfolk Tides of the AAA International League and was called up to the majors for the first time on May 20, 2011. He had one hit in four at-bats in his debut, with his hit being a single to left field off Jason Marquis of the Washington Nationals. In 29 games with the Orioles, he had 25 hits in 89 at-bats for a .281 batting average.
He returned to Norfolk to finish the season and also spent most of 2012 there while battling injuries. In 159 games in AAA over the two seasons, he hit .224 in 65 games.
He became a free agent after the 2012 season. Shortly thereafter, Adams tested positive for amphetamines and was suspended for 25 games by Major League Baseball. He did not play at all in 2013.

### Los Angeles Dodgers

In January 2014, Adams signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers, where he hit .312/.372/.432 in 44 games with the Double-A Chattanooga Lookouts. Despite strong numbers, Adams battled injuries throughout his time with the club, and the Dodgers released him on July 9. A week later, Major League Baseball announced another suspension, this time for 100 games, after Adams violated the Minor League drug prevention and treatment program.

### New Jersey Jackals

After his suspension went into effect, Adams signed on with the New Jersey Jackals of the Canadian–American League. In a short stint, he sustained the strong numbers he had put up with the Lookouts, batting .300/.364/.450 in 11 games.

### Sugar Land Skeeters

On June 28, 2015, it was announced that Adams had signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. In 7 games, he batted .100 (3-for-30). He was released on July 28.
# Ryan Boldt

Ryan Andrew Boldt (born November 22, 1994) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played college baseball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and played professionally for the Tampa Bay Rays organization.

## Amateur career

Boldt is naturally left-handed, but taught himself to throw with his right arm after having surgery to repair a broken radial head in his left elbow at the age of 10. He attended Red Wing High School in Red Wing, Minnesota, where he played for the school's baseball team. He joined the varsity team in his sophomore season but required further surgeries on his arm. In the fall of 2012, Boldt was named the most valuable player of the Perfect Game High School All-American Classic, and competed on the United States national team in the 2012 18U Baseball World Championship, winning the gold medal. He suffered a partial tear in the meniscus of his right knee in the first game of his senior season, causing him to miss the remainder of the year. The Boston Red Sox selected him in the 22nd round, with the 653rd selection, of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft. Though the Red Sox flew Boldt to Boston in an attempt to sign him, Boldt opted not to sign and instead enrolled at the University of Nebraska to play college baseball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers.
Boldt was the leadoff hitter for the Cornhuskers. In 2015, his sophomore year, he was named to the All-Big Ten Conference second team. After the 2015 season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Bourne Braves of the Cape Cod Baseball League, and was named a league all-star. In 2016, Boldt was named to the Golden Spikes Award watchlist, and ranked as one of the best prospects available in the 2016 Major League Baseball draft. However, he slumped in the 2016 season, batting .208 over his last 25 games.

## Professional career

The Tampa Bay Rays selected Boldt in the second round of the 2016 draft. Boldt signed with the Rays and spent his first professional season with the Hudson Valley Renegades of the Low-A New York-Penn League, where he posted a .218 batting average with one home run and 15 RBIs in 43 games. Boldt spent 2017 with the Charlotte Stone Crabs of the High-A Florida State League, batting .295 with five home runs and 62 RBIs in 120 games. In 2018, he played for the Montgomery Biscuits of the Double-A Southern League.
Boldt missed the 2019 season due to Tommy John surgery, and the minor league season was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021 and 2022, he played for the Durham Bulls. He was released from the Bulls on August 22, 2022.

## Personal life

Boldt has three older siblings. His cousin, Pat Kelly, played and coached baseball for the Cornhuskers and played one season in the Minnesota Twins minor league system.
Boldt earned his bachelor’s degree in nutrition and health sciences from Nebraska in May 2024.
# Paul Wagner

Paul Alan Wagner (born November 14, 1967) is an American professional baseball coach and former pitcher who is currently the pitching coach for the Lake Country DockHounds of the American Association of Professional Baseball. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1992–1997), Milwaukee Brewers (1997–1998), and Cleveland Indians (1999).

## Amateur career

Wagner attended Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. In 1987 he led the team with an ERA of 2.40, and was named to the All-MVC second team. Wagner is the most recent Illinois State pitcher to throw a no-hitter, which he accomplished in a 9–0 victory over Chicago State in 1987. In 1989, he led the team in wins with 8, and broke the school record for most games started in a single season with 16 (a record which would stand until 2010.) Wagner was named to the All-MVC first team for 1989.

## Professional career

Wagner was drafted from Illinois State University by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 12th round of the 1989 Major League Baseball draft.
On August 29, 1995, while with the Pirates, Wagner had a no-hitter broken up against the Colorado Rockies with two out in the ninth on an Andrés Galarraga single. It was the only hit Wagner would allow in defeating the Rockies 4–0. The no-hitter would have been the first by a Pirate since John Candelaria in 1976. Wagner finished his 8-year career with a 4.83 ERA. He pitched in 598.2 innings, allowing 640 hits and 321 earned runs. In 160 appearances including 84 starts, Wagner handled 137 total chances (50 putouts, 87 assists) without an error for a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage.
On August 10, 2021, Wagner was announced as the pitching coach for the Lake Country DockHounds, for their inaugural season in the American Association of Professional Baseball.
Wagner lives in Neosho, Wisconsin.
# Stanfield, Arizona

Stanfield (English: /ˈstænfiːld/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pinal County, Arizona, United States. The population was 651 at the 2000 census. Shamrock Farms operates a farm in Stanfield.

## Geography

Stanfield is located at 32°52′54″N 111°57′49″W﻿ / ﻿32.88167°N 111.96361°W﻿ / 32.88167; -111.96361 (32.881612, -111.963473).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.0 square miles (10 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 651 people, 187 households, and 146 families living in the CDP. The population density was 164.2 inhabitants per square mile (63.4/km$^2$). There were 202 housing units at an average density of 51.0 per square mile (19.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 50.7% White, 4.0% Black or African American, 11.4% Native American, 0.9% Pacific Islander, 30.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 61.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 187 households 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 23.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 17.1% of households were one person and 9.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.48 and the average family size was 3.94.
The age distribution was 32.6% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% 65 or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.
The median household income was $22,391 and the median family income was $32,614. Males had a median income of $15,938 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,210. About 32.1% of families and 32.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 51.9% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of people of age 65 or over.

## Education

It is within the Stanfield Elementary School District and the Casa Grande Union High School District.
# National Highway 344B (India)

National Highway 344B, commonly referred to as NH 344B, is a national highway in India. It is a spur road of National Highway 44. NH-344B traverses the state of Punjab in India.

## Route

Phagwara - Hoshiarpur.

## Junctions

    NH 44 Terminal near Phagwara.
    NH 344ATerminal near Phagwara.
    NH 3 Terminal near Hoshiarpur.
# Yazid inscription

The Yazīd inscription is an early Christian Paleo-Arabic rock carving from the region of as-Samrūnīyyāt, 12 km southeast of Qasr Burqu' in the northeastern Jordan.
It was discovered by Jordanian epigraphists during the first season of the El-Khḍerī archaeological and epigraphic survey project and published in 2017. It consists of only four words and a Christian cross. Notably, it mentions a certain figure known as "Yazīd the king" (yzydw ʾl-mlk), who is most likely the Umayyad ruler Yazid I.

## Text

The following transliteration and translation comes from the 2017 edition of the Yazid inscription.
   Transliteration
   1. † dkr ʾl-ʾlh
   2. yzydw ʾl-mlk
   Translation
   1. †May God be mindful of
   2. Yazīd-w the king

## Identity of Yazid

The identity of the figure named Yazīd in the inscription is open to interpretation, especially in light of the undated nature of the inscription. First, the term mlk (malik) in inscriptions from this period does not necessarily denote a king who ruled over a specified territory. For example, the Jebel Usays inscription applies the title to al-Harith ibn Jabalah, ruler of the Ghassanids, possibly in reference to the title he had been given of phylarch by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. If the figure mentioned in the inscription corresponds to one from known sources, it may refer to Yazīd son of al-ʾAswad (the only figure from classical Arabic sources by the name of Yazīd associated with the Ghassanids), Yazīd son of Qays the Ḥujrid (mentioned by Photios I of Constantinople mentioned in his Bibliotheca), or Yazīd son of Kabaśat (mentioned in the late Sabaic inscription CIH 541 as a figure appointed by the South Arabian ruler Abraha). From the Islamic period, it may refer to the Umayyad ruler Yazid I, a view that is increasingly held, and ties in with the likely presence of Arab Christians in early Islamic armies.

## Linguistics

The formula which appears in the inscription, dkr ʾl-ʾlh ("May God be mindful of" or "May God remember"), is also found in the Zabad inscription and DaJ144PAr. The dkr element, asking God be mindful of so-and-so, is likely an Arabicization of an expression common in Nabataean graffiti, dkyr ("may so-and-so be remembered").
The Yazid inscription shares a few linguistic peculiarities with the Abd Shams inscription.
The Yazid inscription is one of the two Islamic-era inscriptions that retain the practice of wawation, once widespread in pre-Islamic Arabic, alongside PERF 558 (22 AH / 643 CE).