# Vernon County, Missouri

Vernon County is a county located in the western region of the U.S. state of Missouri, on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,707. Its county seat is Nevada. The county was organized on February 27, 1855, considerably later than counties in the eastern part of the state. It was named for Colonel Miles Vernon (1786–1867), a state senator and veteran of the Battle of New Orleans. This area was part of the large historic territory of the Osage Nation of Native Americans.

## History

The county was developed by European Americans for agriculture and is still mostly rural.
Vernon County suffered considerable damage during the American Civil War. Guerrillas and insurgents had waged raids against Union troops and carried out personal vendettas in the county. On May 23, 1863, Union Army soldiers burned the county seat of Nevada, along with the courthouse, in retaliation. The present courthouse was completed in 1907.
Vernon County was one of four Missouri counties that were wholly depopulated by Union General Thomas Ewing Jr.'s General Order No. 11 (1863), which ordered the people evacuated to end support for Confederate guerrillas operating in the area. Most of the residents were not allowed to return to their homes until after the Civil War ended in May 1865.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 837 square miles (2,170 km$^2$), of which 826 square miles (2,140 km$^2$) is land and 10 square miles (26 km$^2$) (1.2%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

* Bates County (north)
* St. Clair County (northeast)
* Cedar County (east)
* Barton County (south)
* Crawford County, Kansas (southwest)
* Bourbon County, Kansas (west)
* Linn County, Kansas (northwest)

### Major highways

* Interstate 49
* U.S. Route 54
* U.S. Route 71
* Route 43

### Transit

* Jefferson Lines

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 20,454 people, 7,966 households, and 5,432 families residing in the county. The population density was 24 people per square mile (9.3 people/km$^2$). There were 8,872 housing units at an average density of 11 units per square mile (4.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 96.99% White, 0.61% Black or African American, 0.79% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Approximately 0.84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 7,966 households, out of which 32.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.30% were married couples living together, 9.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.80% were non-families. 28.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44, and the average family size was 2.97.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.60% under 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 22.50% from 45 to 64, and 16.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.00 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,021, and the median income for a family was $37,714. Males had a median income of $28,182 versus $19,026 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,047. About 10.10% of families and 14.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.30% of those under age 18 and 13.30% of those age 65 or over.

### 2020 Census

Vernon County Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (NH) | 17,966 | 91.2% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 110 | 0.56% |
| Native American (NH) | 131 | 0.66% |
| Asian (NH) | 103 | 0.52% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 18 | 0.1% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 953 | 4.83% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 426 | 2.16% |

## Education
### Public schools

* Bronaugh R-VII School District – Bronaugh
** Bronaugh Elementary School (PK-06)
** Bronaugh High School (07-12)
* Nevada R-V School District – Nevada
** Bryan Elementary School (PK-01)
** Benton Elementary School (02)
** Truman Elementary School (03-05)
** Nevada Middle School (06-08)
** Nevada High School (09-12)
/ Northeast Vernon County R-I School District – Walker
** Northeast Vernon County Elementary School (PK-06)
** Northeast Vernon County High School (07-12)
* Sheldon R-VIII School District – Sheldon
** Sheldon Elementary School (PK-06)
** Sheldon High School (07-12)

### Private schools

* Nevada Seventh-day Adventist Christian School – Nevada (02-07) – Seventh-day Adventist
* St. Mary Elementary School – Nevada (Early Childhood) – Roman Catholic

### Colleges and universities

* Cottey College – Nevada A private, four-year college for women.

### Public libraries

* Nevada Public Library

## Communities
### Townships

* Bacon Township
* Badger Township
* Blue Mound Township
* Center Township
* Clear Creek Township
* Coal Township
* Deerfield Township
* Dover Township
* Drywood Township
* Harrison Township
* Henry Township
* Lake Township
* Metz Township
* Montevallo Township
* Moundville Township
* Osage Township
* Richland Township
* Virgil Township
* Walker Township
* Washington Township

### Cities

* Bronaugh
* Nevada (county seat)
* Schell City
* Sheldon

### Villages

* Deerfield
* Harwood
* Metz
* Milo
* Moundville
* Richards
* Stotesbury

### Unincorporated communities

* Amos
* Arthur
* Bellamy
* Blaine
* Bristow
* Carbon Center
* Dederick
* Ellis
* Eve
* Fair Haven
* Horton
* Katy
* Ketterman
* Montevallo
* Panama
* Portia
* Swart
* Rinehart
* Virgil City
* Walker
* Zodiac

### Former settlements

* Fort Carondelet

## Politics
### Local

The Republican Party predominantly controls politics at the local level in Vernon County despite the Democratic Party's historical control. Republicans hold all but three of the elected positions in the county.

### State

Past Gubernatorial Elections Results :
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third Parties |
| 2020 | 77.01% 7,022 | 20.72% 1,889 | 2.27% 207 |
| 2016 | 66.67% 5,699 | 30.66% 2,621 | 2.67% 228 |
| 2012 | 52.26% 4,424 | 44.40% 3,759 | 3.34% 283 |
| 2008 | 46.54% 4,095 | 51.05% 4,491 | 2.41% 212 |
| 2004 | 66.76% 5,989 | 31.97% 2,868 | 1.27% 114 |
| 2000 | 52.49% 4,370 | 45.20% 3,763 | 2.30% 192 |
| 1996 | 39.90% 3,039 | 57.27% 4,362 | 2.84% 216 |
All of Vernon County is a part of Missouri's 126th District in the Missouri House of Representatives and is represented by Patricia Pike (R-Adrian).
Missouri House of Representatives — District 126 — Vernon County (2016) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Patricia Pike | 7,836 | 100.00% | +46.45 |
Missouri House of Representatives — District 126 — Vernon County (2014) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Patricia Pike | 2,960 | 53.55% | −46.45 |
| Democratic | Sam Foursha | 2,398 | 43.38% | +43.38 |
| Constitution | William M. Gilmore | 170 | 3.07% | +3.07 |
Missouri House of Representatives — District 126 — Vernon County (2012) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Randy Pike | 7,309 | 100.00% | |
All of Vernon County is a part of Missouri's 31st District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Rick Brattin (R-Harrisonville).
Missouri Senate — District 31 — Vernon County (2016) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Ed Emery | 5,492 | 65.69% | −2.73 |
| Independent | Tim Wells | 2,320 | 27.75% | +27.75 |
| Libertarian | Lora Young | 548 | 6.56% | +6.56 |
Missouri Senate — District 31 — Vernon County (2012) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Ed Emery | 5,698 | 68.42% | |
| | Democratic | Charlie A. Burton | 2,630 | 31.58% | |

### Federal

U.S. Senate — Missouri — Vernon County (2016) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Roy Blunt | 5,448 | 63.71% | +14.48 |
| Democratic | Jason Kander | 2,700 | 31.58% | −13.38 |
| Libertarian | Jonathan Dine | 231 | 2.70% | −3.11 |
| Green | Johnathan McFarland | 91 | 1.06% | +1.06 |
| Constitution | Fred Ryman | 81 | 0.95% | +0.95 |
U.S. Senate — Missouri — Vernon County (2012) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Todd Akin | 4,171 | 49.23% |
| Democratic | Claire McCaskill | 3,810 | 44.96% |
| Libertarian | Jonathan Dine | 492 | 5.81% |
All of Vernon County is included in Missouri's 4th Congressional District and is currently represented by Vicky Hartzler (R-Harrisonville) in the U.S. House of Representatives.
U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 4th Congressional District — Vernon County (2016) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Vicky Hartzler | 6,526 | 77.00% | +4.66 |
| Democratic | Gordon Christensen | 1,676 | 19.78% | −3.76 |
| Libertarian | Mark Bliss | 273 | 3.22% | −0.90 |
U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 4th Congressional District — Vernon County (2014) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Vicky Hartzler | 3,970 | 72.34% | +5.41 |
| Democratic | Nate Irvin | 1,292 | 23.54% | −5.66 |
| Libertarian | Herschel L. Young | 226 | 4.12% | +1.01 |
U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 4th Congressional District — Vernon County (2012) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Vicky Hartzler | 5,597 | 66.93% |
| Democratic | Teresa Hensley | 2,442 | 29.20% |
| Libertarian | Thomas Holbrook | 260 | 3.11% |
| Constitution | Greg Cowan | 64 | 0.76% |

#### Political culture

Like many neighboring counties, Vernon County has become increasingly Republican over the past few presidential elections. The last time a Democratic candidate has carried this county was in 1996 by Bill Clinton.
United States presidential election results for Vernon County, Missouri :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 7,112 | 79.01% | 1,774 | 19.71% | 115 | 1.28% |
| 2020 | 7,155 | 77.90% | 1,903 | 20.72% | 127 | 1.38% |
| 2016 | 6,533 | 75.69% | 1,707 | 19.78% | 391 | 4.53% |
| 2012 | 5,758 | 67.57% | 2,580 | 30.28% | 183 | 2.15% |
| 2008 | 5,334 | 60.08% | 3,381 | 38.08% | 163 | 1.84% |
| 2004 | 5,732 | 63.75% | 3,206 | 35.65% | 54 | 0.60% |
| 2000 | 4,985 | 59.29% | 3,156 | 37.54% | 267 | 3.18% |
| 1996 | 3,123 | 40.70% | 3,363 | 43.82% | 1,188 | 15.48% |
| 1992 | 2,851 | 34.34% | 3,546 | 42.71% | 1,906 | 22.96% |
| 1988 | 4,149 | 54.79% | 3,402 | 44.93% | 21 | 0.28% |
| 1984 | 5,181 | 63.45% | 2,984 | 36.55% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 4,391 | 51.93% | 3,704 | 43.80% | 361 | 4.27% |
| 1976 | 3,715 | 42.78% | 4,921 | 56.67% | 48 | 0.55% |
| 1972 | 4,892 | 61.54% | 3,057 | 38.46% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 3,590 | 45.27% | 3,557 | 44.85% | 783 | 9.87% |
| 1964 | 3,077 | 34.06% | 5,958 | 65.94% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 5,387 | 56.27% | 4,186 | 43.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 5,184 | 53.27% | 4,547 | 46.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 5,924 | 56.92% | 4,450 | 42.76% | 34 | 0.33% |
| 1948 | 3,808 | 41.55% | 5,342 | 58.29% | 14 | 0.15% |
| 1944 | 5,171 | 51.39% | 4,885 | 48.55% | 6 | 0.06% |
| 1940 | 5,443 | 46.38% | 6,271 | 53.44% | 21 | 0.18% |
| 1936 | 4,546 | 39.61% | 6,872 | 59.87% | 60 | 0.52% |
| 1932 | 2,856 | 29.50% | 6,687 | 69.07% | 138 | 1.43% |
| 1928 | 5,783 | 60.94% | 3,676 | 38.74% | 31 | 0.33% |
| 1924 | 3,593 | 38.89% | 4,839 | 52.38% | 807 | 8.73% |
| 1920 | 4,645 | 45.33% | 5,419 | 52.89% | 182 | 1.78% |
| 1916 | 2,211 | 35.50% | 3,776 | 60.63% | 241 | 3.87% |
| 1912 | 1,654 | 26.57% | 3,483 | 55.94% | 1,089 | 17.49% |
| 1908 | 2,369 | 37.48% | 3,705 | 58.61% | 247 | 3.91% |
| 1904 | 2,450 | 40.51% | 3,225 | 53.32% | 373 | 6.17% |
| 1900 | 2,356 | 34.24% | 4,306 | 62.58% | 219 | 3.18% |
| 1896 | 2,230 | 30.03% | 5,133 | 69.12% | 63 | 0.85% |
| 1892 | 1,847 | 29.09% | 3,627 | 57.13% | 875 | 13.78% |
| 1888 | 2,252 | 33.99% | 4,057 | 61.23% | 317 | 4.78% |

### Missouri presidential preference primary (2008)

Former U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton (D-New York) received more votes, a total of 1,434, than any candidate from either party in Vernon County during the 2008 presidential primary.