OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# First Telephone Exchange

The First Telephone Exchange was a historic site located in New Haven, Connecticut, notable for being the site of the world's first commercial telephone exchange. The exchange was established by George W. Coy, proprietor of the District Telephone Company of New Haven, in 1878. Coy had built the world's first commercial telephone switchboard, and with investors Herrick P. Frost and Walter Lewis, had established the District Telephone Company of New Haven in January 1878. The company soon grew quickly, servicing much of southern New England. In 1882, the company renamed to Southern New England Telephone (SNET). The company remained independent until it was acquired by SBC Communications in 1998.
The site of the First Telephone Exchange, which was located in New Haven's Boardman Building, was listed as a National Historic Site on January 29, 1964. In 1968, the New Haven Redevelopment Commission acquired the building with the intentions of tearing it down and building a parking garage in its place. The building was demolished in 1973 and the site was stripped of its NRHP designation that same year.

## History

Mechanic and inventor George Willard Coy attended a lecture by Alexander Graham Bell at New Haven's Skiff Opera House on April 27, 1877. Coy, who had developed the world's first commercial telephone switchboard, was inspired by Bell's discussion of a telephone exchange for business and trade. On November 3, 1877, Coy applied for (and received) a franchise from the Bell Telephone Company for New Haven and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut on the agreement that Bell would own 35% of the company. Coy partnered with investors Walter Lewis, who was the superintendent of the New Haven Clock Company, and businessman Herrick Frost to establish the District Telephone Company of New Haven on January 15, 1878. On January 28, operating from the Boardman Building in New Haven, the company established the world's first telephone exchange. The company entered operation with just 21 customers, but by February 21, the number of subscribers had reached 50. On February 21, the company made history by printing what is now known as the first ever telephone directory.
The company soon grew quickly; by 1880 it had obtained the rights to serve all of Connecticut and Western Massachusetts. The company was renamed to Connecticut Telephone, which was changed to Southern New England Telephone (SNET) in 1882. SNET continued to operate in Southern New England for over 100 years before being acquired by SBC Communications in 1986. SBC would later acquire AT&T in 2005.
The Boardman Building was designated a National Historical Landmark on January 29, 1964. By 1968, the Boardman Building (which by this point was known as the Metropolitan Building) was acquired by the New Haven Redevelopment Agency with the intention of demolishing it and building a parking garage in its place. The Metropolitan Building was ultimately demolished in 1973, and its NRHP listing was removed that same year.
# Wencheng County

Wencheng (simplified Chinese: 文成县; traditional Chinese: 文成縣; pinyin: Wénchéng Xiàn) is one of the five counties in the prefecture-level city of Wenzhou, in southern Zhejiang province, with a population of 250,000 as of 2016.
The county is located in the southwest of Wenzhou city proper, and borders Ruian city, Taishun County and Pingyang County. It is named after Liu Bowen, posthumous name Wencheng, who was born in the county.
Many natives of Wencheng migrated to Europe in the 1990s, most of which are now living in the Netherlands, Italy, France, and Spain.
Mountainous areas account for 82.5% of the total land area of Wencheng, with the highest peak of 1362 meters above sea in Shiyanglinchang (North West Wencheng)

## Administrative divisions

Towns:
* Daxue (大峃镇), Baizhangji (百丈漈镇), Nantian (南田镇), Xikengshezu (西坑畲族镇), Huangtan (黄坦镇), Shanxi (珊溪镇), Juyu (巨屿镇), Yuhu (玉壶镇), Likou (峃口镇), Zhourang (周壤镇), Tonglingshan (铜铃山镇), Eryuan (二源镇)
Townships:
* Zhoushanshezu (周山畲族乡), Guishan (桂山乡), Shuanggui (双桂乡), Pinghe (平和乡), Gongyang (公阳乡)

## Climate

Climate data for Wencheng, elevation 105 m (344 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.5 (81.5) | 30.7 (87.3) | 35.4 (95.7) | 35.9 (96.6) | 38.7 (101.7) | 39.8 (103.6) | 41.7 (107.1) | 40.6 (105.1) | 39.4 (102.9) | 35.7 (96.3) | 33.6 (92.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 41.7 (107.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) | 15.2 (59.4) | 18.3 (64.9) | 23.7 (74.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 30.6 (87.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.6 (92.5) | 30.1 (86.2) | 25.9 (78.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 15.8 (60.4) | 24.1 (75.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) | 9.7 (49.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.9 (82.2) | 24.9 (76.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 10.2 (50.4) | 18.6 (65.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.2 (75.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.3 (61.3) | 11.8 (53.2) | 6.6 (43.9) | 14.9 (58.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) | −3.7 (25.3) | −2.5 (27.5) | 3.1 (37.6) | 9.2 (48.6) | 13.3 (55.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 19.0 (66.2) | 13.0 (55.4) | 5.0 (41.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | −5.9 (21.4) | −5.9 (21.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.6 (2.31) | 78.6 (3.09) | 150.5 (5.93) | 147.6 (5.81) | 193.7 (7.63) | 280.2 (11.03) | 213.7 (8.41) | 277.9 (10.94) | 201.6 (7.94) | 70.6 (2.78) | 71.3 (2.81) | 54.0 (2.13) | 1,798.3 (70.81) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.6 | 13.4 | 17.8 | 16.8 | 17.7 | 19.0 | 15.5 | 18.0 | 14.3 | 8.8 | 10.7 | 10.2 | 174.8 |
| Average snowy days | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 2.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 83 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 77 | 79 | 76 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 99.6 | 96.0 | 106.6 | 130.3 | 132.4 | 127.8 | 217.4 | 198.5 | 158.9 | 155.7 | 113.8 | 116.4 | 1,653.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 30 | 30 | 29 | 34 | 32 | 31 | 52 | 49 | 43 | 44 | 35 | 36 | 37 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem

Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem (English: Letters to brother Quintus) is a collection of letters from Roman politician and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero to his younger brother, by around two years, Quintus.

## History and context

Like Marcus Cicero's Epistulae ad familiares (Letters to friends), these letters were likely published after both Cicerones' deaths by Marcus Tullius Tiro. Letters to brother Quintus start with an advisory letter, possibly circulated publicly, advising Quintus on how to administer a province. It was sent around the start of 59 BC; at this time Quintus was proconsular governor of Asia. Following it are two letters sent when Marcus was in exile in Greece – Quintus lobbied, eventually successfully, during Marcus' absence for Marcus' exile to be lifted – followed by 19 letters exchanged from 57 to 54 BC. Quintus held various posts during these later letters: he was in Sardinia serving as one of Pompey's lieutenants in 54 before joining Caesar in Gaul. Further letters from Quintus are collected in Ad familiares (specifically letters 44, 147, 351, 352).

## Manuscripts

There are three major modern editions of the Latin text, a 1911 edition by H Sjögren, a 1958 edition by W S Watt, and a 1988 Tuebner edition by Shackleton Bailey.
# Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany

The Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany (German: Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands, DBD) was an East German political party. The DBD was founded in 1948. It had 52 representatives in the Volkskammer, as part of the National Front. The DBD participated in all GDR cabinets (with the exception of the last GDR cabinet). The founding of the DBD was an attempt by the SED to weaken the influence of CDU/LDPD in the rural community by establishing a party loyal to the SED. The leadership cadre came mainly from the ranks of the SED. In the late 1980s, the party had 117,000 members.
After the fall of Berlin Wall, the party initially tried to find itself a niche as ecological agrarian party, but the first free Volkskammer election (1990) netted it only nine seats. In 1990 the DBD merged with the Christian Democratic Union.

## International contacts

The DBD had friendly relations with peasants' parties in other Eastern Bloc countries. It had close contacts with the Polish United People's Party (Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe, ZSL) and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (Bǔlgarski Zemedelski Naroden Sǔyuz, BZNS). Besides that, there were some contacts with farmers' associations in West Germany. They had also some contacts with agrarian parties in Finland (Centre Party) and in Sweden (Centre Party).

## Electoral history
### Volkskammer elections

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| 1949 | as part of Democratic Bloc | as part of Democratic Bloc | 15 / 330 | – |
| 1950 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 30 / 400 | 15 |
| 1954 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 45 / 400 | 15 |
| 1958 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 45 / 400 | |
| 1963 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 45 / 434 | |
| 1967 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 45 / 434 | |
| 1971 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 45 / 434 | |
| 1976 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 45 / 434 | |
| 1981 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 52 / 500 | 7 |
| 1986 | as part of National Front | as part of National Front | 52 / 500 | |
| 1990 | 251,226 | 2.2% | 9 / 400 | 43 |
* ↑ The 1,400 elected members of the Third German People's Congress selected the members of the second German People's Council.

## Chairmen of the DBD

* Ernst Goldenbaum, 1948–1982
* Ernst Mecklenburg, 1982–1987
* Günther Maleuda, 1987–1990
* Ulrich Junghanns, 1990
# Jean-François Domergue

Jean-François Domergue (born 23 June 1957) is a football manager and former French footballer who played as a defender. He has served as a manager of Le Havre AC and Montpellier HSC.
Throughout his career he was called up nine times to the France national football team, where he scored two goals – both in the semi-finals of the 1984 European Football Championship against Portugal, which France won 3–2 after extra time. France went on to win the tournament.

## Honours
### International

France
* UEFA European Championship: 1984
* Artemio Franchi Cup: 1985
# Pondicherry Textile Labour Union

The Pondicherry Textile Labour Union is a trade union representing textile workers in Pondicherry, India. It works to address workers' concerns, including fair wages, improved working conditions, and social security. PTLU is affiliated with the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), one of India's major trade union federations, which supports its efforts in labor advocacy and collective bargaining.
The union is led by its secretary, V.S. Abishegam, who oversees its activities and represents the interests of its members in negotiations with employers and authorities. PTLU focuses on addressing the needs of textile workers in Pondicherry, contributing to broader efforts to improve labor conditions in the region.
# Dev Swarup

Dev Swarup is an Indian educational administrator. He is founding Vice-chancellor of The Baba Amte Divyang University, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

## Career

* He has been the founding vice-chancellor of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Law University, Jaipur.
* He has additionally held responsibility for Haridev Joshi University of Journalism and Mass Communication and Vishwakarma Skill University, Jaipur.
* He has also been additional secretary (2019-2020) of University Grants Commission (India) and joint secretary, UGC, New Delhi (2006-2013 & 2014-2019).
* He was vice-chancellor of the University of Rajasthan, from 2013-14. He resigned from the University of Rajasthan in November 2014.
* He is also a member of the statutory body, the General Council of National Law University, Jodhpur.

## Research

In the year 1990 Ph.D. was awarded on "An Evaluative Study of the Working of Institutional and Non-Institutional Welfare Agencies engaged in Child and Women Welfare in Agra Division" and in the year 2000 D.Litt. research degree was awarded on "The Impact of Development Programme on Scheduled Caste Career Women and their level of participation (A Study in Agra Town) from the Institute of Social Sciences, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra.

## Contribution

He has contributed a lot in maintaining the standard of higher education in India. In capacity of additional secretary he has asked the Vice Chancellors of Indian Universities to implement the EWS-Economic weaker section quota. He has been member of various committees to probe the matter related to fake degrees.
* He has removed anomalies in appointment of teachers in colleges and universities as an Indian education administrator.
* Implement reservation in Ph.D. admissions.

## Books

He has written many research articles and his contribution has been acknowledged at many places by the autonomous bodies.
* In 2019, Co-Authored UGC’s Publications, "Governance in Higher Education: Hand Book for Vice Chancellors".
* Swarup, Dev (2023). Caste, Gender and Development (First ed.). Rajasthan: Rawat Publications, Jaipur. ISBN 9788131613146.
# Beebe Jail

The Beebe Jail is a historic jail building in Beebe, Arkansas. The small single-story concrete structure is set on an alley south of East Illinois Street on the east side of North Main Street. It is distinctive for its slightly rounded concrete roof, with a parapet rising above the front (southwest) facade. The interior has two small cells, each with a barred window, and a small vestibule area. The jail was built as a Works Progress Administration project in 1934.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
# Treasure (South Korean designation)

Treasure (Korean: 보물) is a national-level designation in the heritage preservation system of South Korea for tangible assets with historic, artistic, or academic value. It is separate from the National Treasure designation. The label was established in 1962 and is managed by the Korea Heritage Service (KHS).
Originally, each item with the designation was given a number; these numbers were given sequentially and do not indicate the relative importance of the item. The number system was removed on November 19, 2021. A diverse variety of assets have received the designation, including buildings, books, documents, paintings, sculptures, and crafts.

## List

As of February 2025, there are 2,325 Treasures.
# Icelandic Men's Handball Cup

The Icelandic Men's Handball Cup (Icelandic: Bikarkeppni karla í handknattleik), also known as the Coca-Cola Cup since 2013 for sponsorship reasons, is an annual handball competition between clubs in Iceland. It is run by the Icelandic Handball Association.
The current title holders are Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar who won their 6th title on 9 March 2019.

## Titles

| Team | Titles | Years |
| Valur | 13 | 1974, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2016, 2017,2021,2022,2024 |
| Haukar | 7 | 1980, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2012, 2014 |
| Víkingur Reykjavík | 6 | 1978, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 |
| FH | 6 | 1975, 1976, 1977, 1992, 1994, 2019 |
| ÍBV | 4 | 1991, 2015, 2018, 2020 |
| Stjarnan | 4 | 1987, 1989, 2006, 2007 |
| KA | 3 | 1995, 1996, 2004 |
| Fram | 2 | 2000, 2025 |
| Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur | 2 | 2005, 2013 |
| UMF Afturelding | 2 | 1999, 2023 |
| Þróttur Reykjavík | 1 | 1981 |
| Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur | 1 | 1982 |
| Handknattleiksfélag Kópavogs | 1 | 2003 |
Source Archived 2017-11-25 at the Wayback Machine
# Beebe Plain–Beebe Border Crossing

The Beebe Plain–Beebe Border Crossing is a border crossing station on the Canada–United States border. It connects Rue Principale (Quebec Route 247) in Beebe Plain, Quebec (a former municipality, since 1995 part of the town of Stanstead) with Beebe Road in Beebe Plain, a village in Derby, Vermont. Both the US and Canadian station buildings are historical properties listed by their respective governments.

## Setting

The crossing is located in western Stanstead and central Derby, near the heart of the village of Beebe Plain, which is divided by the international border. This crossing area is best known for being bisected by Canusa Street which runs along the border for almost a half-mile, before emerging between the US and Canada border stations. Residents on the south side of Canusa Street live on the American side of the border, while those living across the street on the north side reside in Canada; they are prohibited by law from visiting one another without first reporting to border inspectors. Both Rue Principale and Canusa Street are signed as part of Quebec Route 247.
From 1864 to the early 1900s, this crossing was also the site of the world's only international post office, with one postmaster and two doors, one for American customers and one for Canadian customers. That building, built in the 1820s with local granite, still stands divided at 1–3, rue Principale (Main Street) as a private home directly opposite the customs houses.

## Canadian station

The Canadian station is located at the northeast corner of Canusa Street and Rue Principale. It is a Tudor Revival style structure, built in 1932. It was recognized by the Canadian government as a Federal Heritage Building in 1991 for its architecture. Following the 1995 creation of the town of Stanstead by merging the villages of Beebe, Stanstead Plain and Rock Island, Canada renamed this station the Stanstead-Beebe border inspection station.

## United States station

The US station is located at the southeast corner of Canusa Street and Beebe Road. It is a small single-story brick building, with a side gable roof and end chimneys. It is five bays wide, with the outer bays housing double sash windows and the inner bays housing single sash windows, with the building entrance at the center. A single-lane porte-cochere with a cross-gabled roof extends across a single travel lane. The station was built in 1937, and is one of four surviving buildings of this building type on American borders. The building was listed on the US National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
A hydraulic barrier was added on the American side in 2018, disrupting the lives of American residents of Canusa Street.
# Nesrine Merouane

Nesrine Merouane (born January 23, 1995, in Algiers) is an Algerian volleyball player.

## Club information

Current club : GSP (ex MC Algiers)
# Patmos, Arkansas

Patmos is a town in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 64 at the 2010 census. It bears the same name as the Greek island of Patmos.
Patmos is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Patmos is located in southern Hempstead County. Arkansas Highway 355 passes through the town, leading southeast 26 miles (42 km) to Waldo and west then north 10 miles (16 km) to Spring Hill. Hope, the Hempstead County seat, is 12 miles (19 km) north of Patmos via Patmos Road.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 61 people, 21 households, and 17 families residing in the town. The population density was 196.3/km$^2$ (506.0/mi$^2$). There were 26 housing units at an average density of 83.7/km$^2$ (215.7/mi$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 93.44% White, 1.64% from other races, and 4.92% from two or more races. 1.64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 21 households, out of which 42.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.0% were married couples living together, and 14.3% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.22.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $43,500, and the median income for a family was $44,000. Males had a median income of $16,875 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,597. There were no families and 3.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

## Education

It is within the Hope School District. It operates Hope High School.
In 1979 the Patmos School District merged into the Hope School District.
# The Man in the Saddle (1925 film)

The Man in the Saddle (German:Der Mann im Sattel) is a 1925 German silent film directed by Manfred Noa. It was remade as a sound film of the same title starring Harry Piel.
The film's sets were designed by Artur Günther.

## Cast

In alphabetical order
* Colette Darfeuil
* Wilhelm Diegelmann
* Angelo Ferrari
* Paul Graetz as Manager
* Harry Hardt
* Francine Mussey
* Heinrich Peer
* F.W. Schröder-Schrom
* Ernő Verebes as Mann im Sattel
* Kurt Wolowsky
# Abdus Salam Chowdhury

M. A. Salam Chowdhury is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a former member of parliament for Rajshahi-4.

## Career

Chowdhury was elected to parliament from Rajshahi-4 as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 1979.
# Post Mortem (1982 film)

Post Mortem is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language thriller film directed by J. Sasikumar based on a screenplay by Dr. Pavithran. The film was produced by Pushparajan under the banner of Rajapushpa Productions. The film stars Prem Nazir in the lead role along with Mammootty, Sukumaran and Balan K. Nair in other supporting roles. The film's score was composed by KJ Joy. The film was a commercial success and was remade in four languages – in Tamil in 1983 as Vellai Roja , in Telugu in 1984 as S. P. Bhayankar, in Kannada in 1988 as Dharmathma and in Hindi in 1993 as Tahqiqaat.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Fa.James /Dysp
* Mammootty as Johnny
* Sukumaran as Peter Esthappan
* Swapna as Aleese Esthappan
* T. G. Ravi as Chakkochen
* Balan K. Nair as Mammukka
* Prathapachandran as Esthappan
* Meena as Reethamma
* Jalaja as Aswathy Teacher
* Janardanan as Unni
* Kuthiravattam Pappu as const. Kurup
* Sathyakala

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by K. J. Joy with lyrics by Poovachal Khader.
| No. | Song | Singers | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Makkathe Panimathi Pole" | Unni Menon, Chorus | |
| 2 | "Raaja Pushpame Rithu Raaja Pushpame" | K. J. Yesudas | |