# Tolland County, Connecticut

Tolland County (/ˈtɑːlənd/ TAH-lənd) is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Connecticut. As of the 2020 census, its population was 149,788. It is incorporated into 13 towns and was originally formed on October 13, 1785, from portions of eastern Hartford County and western Windham County.
The county is included in the Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Counties in Connecticut have no governmental function; all legal power is vested in the state, city and town governments. The office of High Sheriff in Connecticut counties was officially abolished by ballot in 2000, and corrections and court services were transferred to the state marshals. Tolland County has the same boundaries as the Tolland Judicial District. On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's county governments were disbanded in 1960, and the councils of governments took over some of the local governmental functions. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 417 square miles (1,080 km$^2$), of which 410 square miles (1,100 km$^2$) is land and 6.8 square miles (18 km$^2$) (1.6%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Connecticut by land area and smallest by total area.

### Adjacent counties

* Hartford County - west
* New London County - south
* Windham County - east
* Hampden County, Massachusetts - northwest
* Worcester County, Massachusetts - northeast

## Demographics
### 2000 census

As of the year 2000, there were 136,364 people, 49,431 households, and 34,156 families living in the county. The population density was 332 sq mi (128/km$^2$). There were 51,570 housing units at an average density of 126 per square mile (49/km$^2$). The ethnic and racial background of the county's population was 92.3% White, 2.7% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from another group, and 1.4% multiracial, while 2.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino (identifying with any race). Among European-Americans, 14.9% were of Irish, 14.1% Italian, 9.9% English, 8.8% French, 8.2% German, 8.0% Polish and 5.7% French Canadian ancestry. About 9 in 10 spoke English, while 2.9% spoke Spanish and 1.6% French as their first language.
There were 49,431 households, out of which 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.00% were married couples living together, 8.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.90% were non-families. 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females of any age, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 99.5 men.
The median income for a household in the county was $59,044, and the median income for a family was $70,856. Men had a median income of $46,619 versus $34,255 for women. The per capita income for the county was $25,474. About 5.6% of the population and 2.9% of all families earned below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 4.6% were children, and 5.2% aged 65 or older.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 152,691 people, 54,477 households, and 36,707 families living in the county. The population density was 372.2 inhabitants per square mile (143.7/km$^2$). There were 57,963 housing units at an average density of 141.3 per square mile (54.6/km$^2$). In terms of ethnic/racial background, the 2010 Census found that most of Tolland County's residents were white (89.8%), followed by 3.4% Asian, 3.3% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 1.6% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.3% of the population. In terms of European ancestry, 22.0% were Irish, 16.8% were Italian, 14.3% were English, 14.2% were German, 10.6% were Polish, 5.6% were French Canadian, while 3.5% of the population identified their ancestry as 'American'.
Of the 54,477 households, 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no spouse, 32.6% were non-families, and 24.2% of all households were made up of one individual. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.0 people. The median age was 38.3 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $77,175 and the median income for a family was $91,631. Men had a median income of $62,579 versus $46,818 for women. The per capita income for the county was $33,108. About 3.2% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

### Demographic breakdown by town
#### Income

Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
| Rank | Town | | Per capita income | Median household income | Median family income | Population | Number of households |
| 1 | Bolton | Town | $42,312 | $89,432 | $93,472 | 4,980 | 1,915 |
| 2 | Tolland | Town | $41,883 | $99,764 | $108,564 | 15,052 | 5,312 |
| 3 | Hebron | Town | $39,416 | $108,444 | $112,894 | 9,686 | 3,398 |
| 4 | Andover | Town | $38,710 | $84,274 | $96,286 | 3,303 | 1,244 |
| 5 | Ellington | Town | $37,322 | $81,582 | $95,547 | 15,602 | 6,257 |
| 6 | Columbia | Town | $36,865 | $85,893 | $102,353 | 5,485 | 2,154 |
| 7 | Somers | Town | $35,134 | $98,977 | $108,636 | 11,444 | 3,328 |
| 8 | Coventry | Town | $34,524 | $86,244 | $91,931 | 12,435 | 4,783 |
| 9 | Vernon | Town | $33,160 | $61,103 | $77,649 | 29,179 | 12,976 |
| 10 | Union | Town | $32,032 | $79,911 | $84,750 | 854 | 334 |
| 11 | Willington | Town | $29,616 | $62,500 | $96,422 | 6,041 | 2,423 |
| 12 | Stafford | Town | $28,027 | $64,494 | $69,789 | 12,087 | 4,767 |
| 13 | Mansfield | Town | $21,579 | $65,839 | $84,128 | 26,543 | 5,586 |

#### Race

Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, "Race alone or in combination with one or more other races."
| Rank | Town | | Population | White | Black | Asian | American Indian | Other | Hispanic |
| 1 | Vernon | Town | 29,199 | 88.5% | 8.8% | 4.0% | 0.8% | 1.8% | 7.1% |
| 2 | Mansfield | Town | 26,130 | 84.4% | 6.2% | 10.7% | 0.3% | 1.8% | 6.3% |
| 3 | Ellington | Town | 15,394 | 96.0% | 1.6% | 2.7% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.1% |
| 4 | Tolland | Town | 14,931 | 97.2% | 1.9% | 2.4% | 1.5% | 0.4% | 3.1% |
| 5 | Coventry | Town | 12,402 | 97.1% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 2.1% |
| 6 | Stafford | Town | 12,055 | 97.4% | 1.2% | 1.6% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 3.3% |
| 7 | Somers | Town | 11,385 | 85.3% | 10.0% | 2.8% | 0.6% | 4.0% | 5.8% |
| 8 | Hebron | Town | 9,620 | 99.0% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 2.4% |
| 9 | Willington | Town | 6,070 | 98.9% | 3.7% | 0.2% | 0.7% | 0.2% | 2.4% |
| 10 | Columbia | Town | 5,449 | 97.8% | 1.9% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 0.4% | 2.1% |
| 11 | Bolton | Town | 5,006 | 98.0% | 2.9% | 0.0% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 4.5% |
| 12 | Andover | Town | 3,143 | 96.5% | 3.0% | 1.7% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 13 | Union | Town | 990 | 99.4% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 1.3% |

## Communities
### Towns

* Andover
* Bolton
* Columbia
* Coventry
* Ellington
* Hebron
* Mansfield
* Somers
* Stafford
* Tolland
* Union
* Vernon
* Willington

### Other communities

* Amston
* Coventry Lake
* Crystal Lake
* Gilead
* Hebron Center
* Hydeville
* Mashapaug
* Mansfield Center
* Rockville
* Somers center
* South Coventry
* Stafford Hollow
* Stafford Springs
* Storrs

## Politics

For over a century, Tolland County behaved like a typical northern Yankee Republican county in presidential elections, only voting Democratic in 1932, 1936, 1964, and 1968. However, in recent elections, Tolland County has become a Democratic leaning county, following the trend of many other counties in greater New England. This started with Bill Clinton's plurality in the 1992 election and Democrats have won the county in every presidential election since then. That being said, Tolland County has been much friendlier to Republicans in local elections, as Tolland County would still vote Republican in recent gubernatorial elections. In 2022, Governor Ned Lamont became the first Democrat to win Tolland County in a gubernatorial race since 1994.
United States presidential election results for Tolland County, Connecticut :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 36,773 | 45.11% | 43,311 | 53.13% | 1,436 | 1.76% |
| 2020 | 34,838 | 43.16% | 44,151 | 54.70% | 1,725 | 2.14% |
| 2016 | 34,194 | 44.16% | 38,506 | 49.73% | 4,724 | 6.10% |
| 2012 | 30,450 | 42.89% | 39,366 | 55.45% | 1,175 | 1.66% |
| 2008 | 29,266 | 38.76% | 45,053 | 59.67% | 1,182 | 1.57% |
| 2004 | 31,245 | 43.56% | 39,146 | 54.57% | 1,338 | 1.87% |
| 2000 | 24,705 | 39.40% | 33,554 | 53.52% | 4,441 | 7.08% |
| 1996 | 19,394 | 33.08% | 30,007 | 51.18% | 9,224 | 15.73% |
| 1992 | 20,632 | 31.16% | 27,425 | 41.42% | 18,158 | 27.42% |
| 1988 | 28,375 | 50.80% | 26,884 | 48.13% | 602 | 1.08% |
| 1984 | 32,981 | 61.88% | 20,103 | 37.72% | 214 | 0.40% |
| 1980 | 22,127 | 43.95% | 18,557 | 36.86% | 9,662 | 19.19% |
| 1976 | 23,703 | 50.41% | 23,079 | 49.08% | 242 | 0.51% |
| 1972 | 25,798 | 56.45% | 19,505 | 42.68% | 394 | 0.86% |
| 1968 | 16,666 | 45.47% | 18,007 | 49.13% | 1,982 | 5.41% |
| 1964 | 9,951 | 30.90% | 22,195 | 68.92% | 58 | 0.18% |
| 1960 | 15,386 | 51.35% | 14,575 | 48.65% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 15,880 | 63.54% | 9,111 | 36.46% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 13,466 | 58.69% | 9,425 | 41.08% | 52 | 0.23% |
| 1948 | 9,012 | 52.01% | 7,970 | 45.99% | 347 | 2.00% |
| 1944 | 8,208 | 51.15% | 7,721 | 48.12% | 117 | 0.73% |
| 1940 | 7,503 | 49.37% | 7,669 | 50.46% | 25 | 0.16% |
| 1936 | 5,965 | 45.43% | 6,676 | 50.85% | 488 | 3.72% |
| 1932 | 5,857 | 51.85% | 4,985 | 44.13% | 455 | 4.03% |
| 1928 | 6,502 | 59.74% | 4,256 | 39.10% | 126 | 1.16% |
| 1924 | 5,161 | 62.29% | 2,239 | 27.02% | 885 | 10.68% |
| 1920 | 5,135 | 66.13% | 2,308 | 29.72% | 322 | 4.15% |
| 1916 | 2,758 | 54.72% | 2,032 | 40.32% | 250 | 4.96% |
| 1912 | 2,024 | 42.66% | 1,901 | 40.06% | 820 | 17.28% |
| 1908 | 2,816 | 57.35% | 1,742 | 35.48% | 352 | 7.17% |
| 1904 | 2,964 | 58.66% | 1,772 | 35.07% | 317 | 6.27% |
| 1900 | 2,997 | 61.48% | 1,678 | 34.42% | 200 | 4.10% |
| 1896 | 5,664 | 67.67% | 2,245 | 26.82% | 461 | 5.51% |
| 1892 | 4,316 | 51.06% | 3,762 | 44.51% | 374 | 4.42% |
| 1888 | 4,363 | 52.88% | 3,613 | 43.79% | 275 | 3.33% |
| 1884 | 3,896 | 50.57% | 3,459 | 44.90% | 349 | 4.53% |

## In popular culture

Tolland County is briefly referenced in the novel Moby-Dick by Herman Melville as the place that the ill-fated African-American shipmate, Pip, comes from.