OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Parmanand Jha

Parmanand Jha (Nepali: परमानन्द झा; born 1946) is a Nepali politician who served as the first vice president of Nepal from 23 July 2008 to 31 October 2015 following his term as a Supreme Court judge.
Jha was born to Nepali parents and brought Bihar in Darbhanga district in the Indian state of Bihar; this took place at his maternal uncle's home, according to Hindu traditions. His father hails from the Mithila region of Nepal, making him a descendant native citizen and federal subject of Nepal. Jha resigned as a judge in December 2007 after he was not proposed by the Judicial Council.. Later, Jha joined political life and became a member of the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum. On 19 July 2008, he was elected as Vice-President of Nepal by the Constituent Assembly.
He began his first term of office as Vice-President of Nepal on 23 July 2008 by taking the oath of office from President Ram Baran Yadav at the Sheetal Niwas Presidential Palace in Maithili (despite he intended to take oath in Hindi) in the presence of Prime Minister Girijaprasad Koirala and others.

## Hindi oath controversy

Jha's legitimacy as vice-president was challenged for taking the oath of office in Hindi by Nepalis. Jha's mother tongue is Maithili but he is also fluent in Hindi, Bengali, and English.
A written petition was filed by Advocate Balkrishna Neupane at the apex court claiming that the oath was unconstitutional as it was taken in a language not recognized by the interim constitution. After a year long court procedure, the Supreme Court on 24 July 2009 ordered Jha to retake the oath of office and secrecy for the second time "in accordance with the Constitution," ruling that taking oath in Hindi was not constitutional.
However, Jha objected to the Supreme Court verdict, accusing the court of being biased and of conflict of interests. He stated that he would decide whether or not to retake the oath after consulting political parties and the "people he represents," i.e., the Madhesias who principally speak Maithili and Bhojpuri. He demanded changes to the law to ensure that all languages (i.e., Hindi) "are given due respect."
The Supreme Court's deadline for retaking the oath expired on 30 August 2009. As Jha did not swear once again the oath of office, the office was considered to have become vacant from 31 August 2009. In order to maintain political and ethnic inclusiveness, the Nepalese government did not seek a new vice-president but continued to work with Jha towards a compromise, seeking to re-instate him. Changes were made to the law to allow the oath of office to be taken in native ethnic languages, e.g., Jha's native Maithili, and on 7 February 2010, he accordingly took a fresh oath of office as vice-president in the Maithili language.
# Muhammad Noor

Muhammad Noor (1925 – 9 June 2000) was an Indian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

## Playing career

In club football, Noor appeared with Hyderabad City Police FC, then one of the strongest sides in Indian football.
He later represented India national team, managed by Syed Abdul Rahim.

## Honours

India
* Asian Games Gold medal: 1951
* Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament: 1954
Hyderabad
* Santosh Trophy: 1956–57, 1957–58
# Harbang

Harbang (Bengali: হারবাঙ্গ) is a village and union parishad in Chakaria Upazila, Cox's Bazar District in the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh.

## Notable residents

* Fazlul Karim, Bangladeshi lawyer
* Khan Bahadur Jalal Uddin Ahmad, eminent lawyer, social worker and Health Minister of Bengal in undivided India
* Mohammad Ziauddin, Military Officer, Freedom Fighter, Ex Charman Chittagong Development Authority
* Aung Rakhine, Bangladeshi filmmaker
# Alireza Ezzati

Alireza Ezzati (born 31 January 1987 ) is an Iranian footballer.

## Club career

Ezzati started his career with Naft Tehran at Youth levels. Alireza Ezzati started playing senior level for Naft Tehran from 2007, he officially made his debut for Naft Tehran in Persian Gulf Pro League facing Steel Azin, the game finished 1-1. He extend his contract with Naft Tehran till 2015 in July 2012.

### Club career statistics

    As of 11 December 2018
| Club | Division | Season | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| Club | Division | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Naft Tehran | Division 1 | 2009–10 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 20 | 2 |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2010–11 | 25 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 27 | 1 |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2011–12 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 27 | 1 |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2012–13 | 30 | 2 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 32 | 2 |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2013–14 | 28 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 31 | 0 |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2014–15 | 21 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 3 |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2015–16 | 26 | 2 | | | | | | |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2016–17 | | | | | | | | |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2017–18 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 21 | 0 |
| Sepidrood | Pro League | 2018–19 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | | | | | 0 | 0 | | |

## Honours
### Club
#### Naft Tehran

* Persian Gulf Pro League : 2013-14 third place, 2014–15 third place
* Azadegan League (1): 2009-10
* Hazfi Cup (1): 2016–17, 2014–15 runner up
* Iranian Super Cup : 2017 runner up
# BBC Bitesize

BBC Bitesize, also abbreviated to Bitesize, is the BBC's free online study support resource for school-age people in the United Kingdom. It is designed to aid people in both schoolwork and, for older people, exams.

## History

GCSE Bitesize was launched in January 1998, covering seven subjects. For each subject, a one- or two-hour long TV programme would be broadcast overnight in the BBC Learning Zone block, and supporting material was available in books and on the BBC website. At the time, only around 9% of UK households had access to the internet at home.
In 2023, videos from Bitesize were adapted and dubbed over in Dari and Pashto in order to be broadcast in Afghanistan, where education for girls has been stopped by the Taliban government. The show was called Dars, which means "lessons" in both languages.

## National sections
### England

The Key Stage 1, 2 and 3 along with GCSE section covers a range of subjects. In Key Stage 1, 17 subjects are available, including Art and Design, Computing, Design and Technology, English, Geography, History, Maths, Music, Physical Education, PSHE, Citizenship, Religious Education, Science, and Modern Foreign Languages. The Key Stage 2 site covers 23 subjects, Key Stage 3 section contains 33 subjects, and the GCSE section contains 49 subjects across several exam boards.

### Scotland

Until 2014, the Standard Grade section of the site had 12 subjects: Biology, History, Chemistry, Computing Studies, Maths, English, Modern Studies (a course exclusive to Scotland), French, Physical Education, Geography, and Physics. The site was updated in 2014 to replace the Standard Grade section with National 4 and National 5 sections. Gaelic versions of these were also made available.
Until 2014, in the Higher section, Biology, English, Geography, Maths, Chemistry, History, Modern Studies, Physics and the Scotland-only subject Scottish Gaelic were available. The Higher section was also updated to the new Curriculum for Excellence qualification. Early and 1st level, 2nd level, 3rd level, and 4th level resources were added to bring the site in line with the Curriculum for Excellence.

### Wales

The CS3 and TGAU sections are in Welsh. Links to the English language sections are included.

### Northern Ireland

In 2014, a Northern Ireland section was added to the site. It solely contains links to the English language KS1/KS2/KS3/GCSE sections.
# Derin Tanrıyaşükür

Derin Tanrıyaşükür (born 21 October 2006) is a Turkish artistic gymnast.,
In 2019, she took gold medals in the Uneven bars and Floor exercise events and the bronze medal in the Individual all-around at the Juniors division of the Züri-Oberland Cup in Switzerland. She competed at the 2020 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Mersin, Turkey, and won the bronze medal in the Uneven bars event of the Juniors division. She made history by winning the first medal of Turkish gymnastics history in the women's category.
# Kishan Singh Chongtham

Kishan Singh Chongtham (born 10 June 1998) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the I-League club SC Bengaluru.

## Club career

On 1 January 2018, Kishan joined then I-League 2nd Division club TRAU. On 12 March 2022, he scored his first goal for the club against Churchill Brothers, in a 2–0 win.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 13 December 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| NEROCA | 2015–16 | I-League 2nd Division | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| NEROCA | 2016–17 | I-League 2nd Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| NEROCA | Total | Total | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| TRAU | 2017–18 | I-League 2nd Division | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| TRAU | 2020–21 | I-League | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| TRAU | 2021–22 | I-League | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 1 |
| TRAU | 2022–23 | I-League | 16 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 19 | 0 |
| TRAU | Total | Total | 47 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 1 |
| KLASA | 2023–24 | I-League 3 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 1 |
| SC Bengaluru | 2023–24 | I-League 2 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 2 |
| SC Bengaluru | 2024–25 | I-League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| SC Bengaluru | Total | Total | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 73 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 4 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Durand Cup
# Nimari, Bhiwani

Neemri/Nimari/Nimri is a village in the Bhiwani district of the Indian state of Haryana. It lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of the district headquarters town of Bhiwani. Nimari village is in the UTC 5.30 time zone and follows Indian standard time (IST). The local sunrise time varies 25 minutes from IST. The nearest railway station is Kharak Kalan (6 km). There is one government school in Haryana up to 10th standard and three other private schools. A govt college, hospital, market, bank and postal service are also available in the nearby town Baund Kalan (2 km from Nimari). A local temple is dedicated to the local deity, Dada Devta. Shiva and Gorakhnath are other deities having their own dedicated temples in the outer area of village. According to Census 2011 information, the location code or village code of Neemri village is 061460. As per 2009 stats, Nimri is the gram panchayat of Neemri village.
The total geographical area of village is 395 hectares. Neemri has a total population of 2,072. There are about 403 houses in Neemri village. As per 2019 stats, Neemri villages comes under Dadri assembly and Bhiwani-Mahendragarh parliamentary constituency. Bondkala is nearest town to Neemri. The female to male ratio of the village is 894/1000.
28°47′42″N 76°19′12″E﻿ / ﻿28.795°N 76.320°E﻿ / 28.795; 76.320
Gram Panchayat of Nimri Village
Name Des. & Ward Manbir Singh Sarpanch Rajbir Panch -1 Neelam Panch -2 Nishu Panch -3 Ramniwas Panch -4 Sandeep Panch -5 Sushila Panch -6 Nauratan Panch -7 Aashu Panch -8 Kavita Panch -9 Last updated: Feb 2016 Source: ECI
* This Bhiwani district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Puran Bahadur Thapa

Puran Bahadur Thapa (28 July 1928 – 2014) was an Indian footballer who played for the India national team and the Services football team. He scored a hat-trick for the national team in a 3–1 win against Pakistan in the 1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament at the Eden Gardens. It was the second hat-trick by an Indian footballer post-independence in international football after Sheoo Mewalal. Thapa died in 2014.

## Career

Thapa was an officer in the Indian Army and represented the Gorkha Brigade and Services in the Santosh Trophy and domestic tournaments.

## International goals

    Scores and results list India's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 23 December 1954 | Calcutta FC Ground, Calcutta, India | Burma | 2–1 | 1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament |
| 2. | 26 December 1954 | Calcutta FC Ground, Calcutta, India | Pakistan | 3–1 | 1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament |
| 3. | 26 December 1954 | Calcutta FC Ground, Calcutta, India | Pakistan | 3–1 | 1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament |
| 4. | 26 December 1954 | Calcutta FC Ground, Calcutta, India | Pakistan | 3–1 | 1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament |

## Honours

India
* Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament: 1954, 1955
# Hossein Hosseini (footballer, born 1995)

Hossein Hosseini (Persian: حسین حسینی, born January 19, 1995, in Savojbolagh, Iran) is an Iranian football midfielder who currently plays for Naft Tehran in the Persian Gulf Pro League.

## Club career
### Club career statistics

    As of 1 October 2017
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | League | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| Naft Tehran | Pro League | 2017–18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
# Miopetaurista

Miopetaurista is an extinct genus of flying squirrels in the family Sciuridae. Fossils of this genus have been found from the Miocene and Pliocene of Europe (France, Germany), Asia (China), and North America (Florida, Tennessee).

## Description

A partial skeleton from the Miocene Spain indicates that Miopetaurista very closely resembles living Petaurista giant flying squirrels in overall anatomy and therefore probably ecology.
# Ocean FM (Ireland)

Ocean FM is a local radio station that broadcasts to parts of the northwest of Ireland. The station covers the area of south County Donegal, north County Leitrim and most of County Sligo and it broadcasts into parts of south-west County Fermanagh. It started broadcasting on 1 October 2004, replacing North West Radio (NWR). The station broadcasts from Collooney (County Sligo)
Locally owned and locally operated, Ocean FM serves all adults in County Sligo, South Donegal and North Leitrim. Their shareholders include many of the leading businesspeople and sports personalities in the region. They broadcast news, sports, current affairs, special interest programmes across parts of the northwest.
Ocean FM covers sports events across the region with live commentary at key matches involving teams from all three counties. The service is streamed live over the internet on web stream, Twitter and Facebook.
# Giovanni Coppa

Giovanni Coppa (9 November 1925 – 16 May 2016) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as a diplomat of the Holy See, and was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 2007.

## Biography

Born in Alba on 9 November 1925, Giovanni Coppa attended the seminary there before studying at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan, where he obtained his doctorate in modern letters with a dissertation entitled: "The iconography of the Most Holy Trinity from the origins to the 14th century". He was ordained to the priesthood on 2 January 1949, and then served as a diocesan delegate for the aspirants of Catholic Action. In 1952, he entered the Roman Curia in the Apostolic Chancery. Coppa became the director of the Rome-based monthly retreats of the nuns of the Holy Family of Spoleto in 1954, and began working in the Vatican Secretariat of State in 1958.
During the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), Coppa served as an expert for the Latin language. He was named an honorary canon of the chapter of St. Peter's Basilica in 1965, and assessor of the Secretariat of State on 19 November 1975. He was also Vice-Chaplain of the Palatine Guard of Honor and responsible of the Conference of Saint Vincent of Paul. When the Association of Saints Peter and Paul was instituted at the Holy See, the Secretariat of State named Coppa as its counselor. He wrote several works on Saint Ambrose, the Gospels, and the Fathers of the Church, and contributed to L'Osservatore Romano as well.
On 1 December 1979, Coppa was appointed delegate for the Secretariat of State's pontifical representations and titular archbishop of Serta. He received his episcopal consecration in Saint Peter's Basilica on 6 January 1980 from Pope John Paul II with Archbishop Eduardo Martínez Somalo and Bishop Ferdinando Maggioni serving as co-consecrators.
Coppa was named Apostolic Nuncio to Czechoslovakia on 30 June 1990, and then to both the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993. He retired from his post in Slovakia on 2 March 1994 and from the Czech Republic on 19 May 2001.
Pope Benedict XVI created him Cardinal Deacon of S. Lino in the consistory of 24 November 2007.
Coppa died in Rome on 16 May 2016.
# Gerald Cadogan, 6th Earl Cadogan

Gerald Oakley Cadogan, 6th Earl Cadogan, CBE, DL (28 May 1869 – 4 October 1933) was a British peer and professional soldier.
He was the son of George Henry Cadogan, 5th Earl Cadogan and inherited his titles on 6 March 1915 on the death of his father, with two elder brothers having died without male heirs. He married Lilian Eleanor Marie Coxon, daughter of George Stewart Coxon, on 7 June 1911 at Christ Church, Mayfair, London. They had three children, the eldest son of whom was his heir William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan.
He joined the Army as a lieutenant in the Life Guards, but received a staff appointment as Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to his father when the latter became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1895. Cadogan continued as an Extra-ADC to Lord Dudley, who became Lord Lieutenant in August 1902, but resigned with him in 1905.
In July 1897 he was appointed a captain in the 3rd (West Suffolk Militia) Battalion, Suffolk Regiment. In January 1900 he was seconded for active service as a special service officer in South Africa during the Second Boer War, and he left Southampton early the following month on board the SS Canada. He later served with the South African Constabulary under the Military Governor of Pretoria, and returned to London in January 1902.
He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1919 and became Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of Suffolk. He was awarded the rank of Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel in the Suffolk Volunteer Regiment of the Volunteer Training Corps. He was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 1922 to 1929. In that role he is portrayed, by actor Patrick Magee, in the 1981 film Chariots of Fire as urging runner Eric Liddell to appear in an event where the Prince of Wales would be present that was on Sunday at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.
On his death in 1933 aged 64 he was succeeded by his son William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan. His wife remarried.
Culford Park, the family seat, was sold and is now a private school.
# Samuel Gillott

Sir Samuel Gillott (29 October 1838 – 29 June 1913) was an Australian lawyer and politician, commonly known as a former Lord Mayor of Melbourne.

## Early life

Gillott was born in the city of Sheffield, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, the son of Joseph and Elizabeth Gillott. Educated in Sheffield Grammar School, Gillott moved to Melbourne, Australia at the age of 17, in 1856. He was employed by a law firm, Vaughan, Moule & Seddon, and received his law degree from the University of Melbourne. Immediately after he started practicing law, Vaughan, Moule & Seddon offered him a partnership. During the 1890s, Gillott specialized in police court practice, with a firm exception being the Speight v. Syme libel case.

## Politics

Gillott was elected as Mayor of Melbourne in 1896, but lost his mayorship in 1899 by one vote. In November 1899, Gillott was elected to the seat of East Melbourne, in the Victorian Legislative Assembly; he held this seat until December 1906. He became President of the Law Institute in 1900. In the same year, Gillott was re-elected as the Mayor of Melbourne. Promoted to Lord Mayor in 1901, Gillott was knighted in the same year during the visit to Australia of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George V and Queen Mary). In 1901, under the state ministry of Sir George Turner, Gillott was given the role of Honorary Minister. After the Turner Government's fall that year, he stayed on the ministry, becoming Attorney General. In 1904, under the premiership of Sir Thomas Bent, Gillott became the Chief Secretary and the Minister for Labour.
In May 1906, controversy arose for Gillott when a demagogue reformer, William Judkins, held him responsible for illegal gambling. As proof, Judkins named John Wren's illegal betting schemes, which he held as evidence of a corrupt government. As a result of the controversial issue, Thomas Bent agreed to prohibit off-course betting. Later that year, Gillott introduced the gaming suppression bill. Following the gambling controversy, John Norton's newspaper, The Truth, published an article on Gillott, linking him to a well known brothel proprietor, Caroline Hodgson, and revealing his financial dealings with her since 1877. Resigning from parliament and the ministry after these allegations, Gillott returned to England, where he stayed for almost a year.
Returning to Australia after a year in England, he resumed his seat in the Melbourne City Council, and became president and councillor of the Working Men's College of Melbourne. On another visit to England in 1913, Gillott died after falling down a flight of stairs at night in Sheffield. He was 74 years of age. His body was returned to Australia and was interred at Melbourne General Cemetery.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 Dunstan, David (1983). "Gillott, Sir Samuel (1838 - 1913)". Australian Dictionary of Biography (Volume 9 ed.). Melbourne University Press.
* ↑ "No. 27370". The London Gazette. 1 November 1901. p. 7045.
# Direct Vision Standard

The Direct Vision Standard is a measure of how much HGV drivers can see from their cab directly (without the use of mirrors or video cameras). Since October 2024, Transport for London has required all HGVs over 12 tonnes entering London to have either a three-star rating or to fit the Progressive Safe System.
The standard began in March 2021, when vehicles were required to have a rating of at least one star. To meet the one-star standard, a driver needs to be able to see someone's head and shoulders from within an acceptable distance. For the one-star rating, that corresponds to 4.5m at the side and 2m in front. The scheme is enforced 24/7 and permits ware issued free of charge. Fines of £550 are issued to any vehicle entering London without a permit, with drivers fined £130.

## Impact

TfL said in June 2022 that nearly 200,000 DVS permits had been issued, with 94% of HGVs operating with a safety permit. The number of serious injuries involving HGVs fell from 48 in 2017 to 17 in 2021.

## Reaction

Some haulage companies complained that the new standard placed a burden on their companies because they would have to contact the manufacturer to find out their safety rating. However, TfL's head of delivery planning, Christina Calderato, said "The disproportionately high number of HGVs involved in fatal collisions with pedestrians and cyclists is a tragedy. This is why we’ve worked closely with the freight and logistics industry and vulnerable road user groups to develop the Direct Vision Standard and HGV Safety Standard Permit Scheme. Together we hope that these new safety measures will help to save many lives in the future."