# Rukmani Devi

Daisy Rasammah Daniels, known popularly as Rukmani Devi (15 January 1923 – 28 October 1978: Sinhala: රුක්මණී දේවී) was a Sri Lankan film actress and singer who was often acclaimed as "The Nightingale of Sri Lanka". She made it to the silver screen via the stage and had acted in close to 100 films at the time of her death. Having an equal passion for singing as well as a melodious voice, she was Sri Lanka's foremost female singer in the gramophone era. After her death, she was awarded the Sarasaviya 'Rana Thisara'- Life Time Achievement Award at the 1979 Sarasaviya Awards Festival.

## Personal life

Rukmani Devi was born as Daisy Rasammah Daniels to a Tamil Colombo Chetty Christian family on January 15, 1923, at Ramboda in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. Second, in a family of five, her father, John Daniel, worked on a plantation, and her mother, Helen Rose, was a teacher. She grew up in Colombo and had her early education at St. Matthew's School and then moved on to St. Clare's School, Wellawatte.
She was married to veteran dramatist, actor, and singer Eddie Jayamanne, whom she fell in love with as a result of her close association with him when performing in dramas produced by "Minerva Dramatic Club," founded by B. A. W. Jayamanne. They lived at "Jaya Ruk," at Angurukaramulla, Negombo.

## Career

As a little girl, Daniels showed an inborn talent to sing and dance. At the age of seven, she was picked to sing Christmas carols. Impressed with her ability to sing, dance, and also act, she was selected to perform a main role in a Christmas play, 'The Shoemaker's Wife'. The stage play was trained and presented by St. Clare's School, Wellawatte. Watching her play this role much enthusiastically, Walter Abeysinghe, a drama producer, sought permission from her father to invite her to play the lead role of 'Sita' in his drama 'Ramayanaya.' Thus, in 1935, at the age of just 12 years, she performed in this stage play, presented by the 'Sinhala Natya Sabha'.
This marked the beginning of an illustrious career that would span over four decades. As her performances were highly appreciated by the packed audience, well-known dramatist Dick Dias chose her for two of his stage plays, "Jana Kiharanaya" and "Mayawathie". She was now flooded with stage dramas, as she became Mayawathi in Charles Dias' 'Mayawathi', Juliet in a Sinhala adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, playing the lead female role in all of them. Rukmani performed her singing career as a simple singer on Sri Lankan radio in the mid-1940s.
Gabriel Gunaratne, who was in charge of recording songs at the His Master's Voice label, was the permanent music director of the company. She was introduced to H. W. Rupasinghe one day in October 1938 by Gunaratne. Rupasinghe, who saw Rukmani's singing prowess, chose her for the first album, which was launched by Master His Voice No. 9300. With her first audio recording of the famous song "Siri Buddhagaya Vihare" with Master "H. W. Rupasinghe". in 1938 at the age of 15, she captured the hearts of the masses, and she shaped her career from that of an actress to that of an actress turned singer. This song was recorded for the 78 rpm (gramophone) record label His Master's Voice with the number N-9300 and issued in 1939 by Cargills Ltd., local agents for His Master's Voice.
Her unique voice attracted many music directors as her singing career moved from the stage to the silver screen. Joining Rupasinghe Master's band as a regular singer, she faced three challenges at the time. That is, she had not studied Hindustani classical music properly and had to compete with renowned singers of that year such as Lakshmi Bai, Annie Boteju, and Susila Jayasinghe. The third was the language challenge. She did not know how to read or write Sinhala, and she used to write it all down in English. Due to the vocal training given by Rupasinghe Master through those songs, she soon became a simple classical singer as well as the most popular young singer for this His Master's Voice label. During 1938–45, she recorded 44 songs for His Master's Voice. Rukmani sang almost all the Sinhala songs composed in Hindi and Vanga classical songs sung by Kumari Jutika Roy, then popularly known as "Bhajan Songstress" in India.
It was also around this time that her name underwent a change from Daisy Daniels to the well-known 'Rukmani Devi'. There are two schools of thought as to how the name "Rukmani Devi" originated. According to one school, the late H. W. Rupasinghe maestro created the name, while others believe that Jayantha Weerasekara and Michael Sannas Liyanage, who are in their 90s, created it. Entering the stage, Rukmani had the opportunity to perform in Noorthi dramas such as Janakiharanaya, Rohini and Mayawathi. Since 1940, B. A. W. Jayamanne, founder of "Minerva Dramatic Club" of Negombo has taken Rukmani to perform remarkable roles in his dramas, such as 'Apparition', 'Broken Promise', 'Changing Fate, 'Defeated Aim', 'Evasive Denial', 'Fanatic Faith', 'Grisly Guardian', 'Hasty Decision', and lastly, 'Irangani'. The above-mentioned plays followed the English alphabet.
The popular play 'Broken Promise' (Kadawunu Poronduwa) was adapted into a film by B. A. W. Jayamanne. This was the first Sinhala film, Kadawunu Poronduwa, screened on January 21, 1947. Rukmani Devi, who also began her film career through the role of 'Ranjani' in this film, also became the first local cinema actress. Her film career, which thus began, spread over a period of more than three decades. According to Sri Lankeya Cinema Vanshaya (pp. 637–638), written by Nuwan Nayanajith Kumara, from Kadawunu Poronduwa in 1947 to Ara Soyza in 1984, Rukmani Devi had played different roles in 99 films, up to the time of her death. Rukmani Devi won first place in the "Popular Singing Series" in the 1953 Radio Artists Classification Test.
An equally talented singer, some of the immortal songs she sang for films are Sandyave Sriya for 'Kadawunu Poronduwa', Pinsara Mage Soyura for 'Kapati Arakshakaya', Gala Kandeni, and Moranawa Preme Hade for 'Weradun Kurumanama', Nindede Rathri Yahane for 'Peralena Iranama', Mavila Pena vi Rupe for 'Kela Handa', Pem Sihina Loke Maya for 'Mathabhedaya', Melavi Yanna Hada Mage for 'Daiva Yogaya', Suva dena Sita Sanasum for 'Ladalu' and Doi Doi Puta for 'Ahasin Polavata'. In 1975, Rukmani sang "Pem Rajatahane" with Milton Mallawarachchi. Rukmani has made duets with amateur singers since the 1960s, such as "Ada Handapana Paya Hari Lassanai" with Sujatha Perera (Attanayake), "Gang Ivuru Paduru Gane" with Sidney Attygalle, "Kokilaya Keviliya", "Denna Piriye Dethata Oya Detha" with H. R. Jothipala, and "Ithin Palak Nehe Kumariya" with J. A. Milton Perera.
In the mid-sixties, she joined the Sinhala calypso musical group 'Los Cabelleros' led by the late Neville Fernando. They recorded ever-popular Sinhala songs such as "Malbara Himidiriye," "Menike Obe Sinawe," and "Sandak Nage.". Rukmani Devi was also featured prominently on the airwaves of Radio Ceylon, the oldest radio station in South Asia.

## Death

Rukmani Devi died in a tragic motor accident near St. Mary's Church, Thudella, on October 28, 1978. She was returning after a musical show in Uyanwatte, Matara. Her funeral ceremony was attended by a very large gathering: film makers and dramatists, friends, politicians, relatives, and her beloved fans.
She was the most celebrated Sri Lankan artist, and a statue in her memory was erected at Kanuwana Junction. The road on which the Rukmani Devi Museum in Negombo is located was also renamed 'Rukmani Devi Mawatha' by President Ranasinghe Premadasa on October 28, 1990.

## Awards

* Best background singer for the song 'Doi doiya putha' in the film 'Ahasin Polawata' at the 1976 inaugural Presidential Awards Ceremony.
* Best actress Award for 'Kele Handa' at the 'Deepasika' awards ceremony conducted by 'Lankadipa' Newspaper in 1956.
* Voted Best Actress with a majority of 16,221 votes at the 'Reader's Contest' conducted by 'Dinamina' Newspaper in 1955.

## In popular culture

She was the one and only Sri Lankan actress on the cover page of popular Indian Film Magazine "Filmfare" and was also featured in "My Likes and Dislikes" in 1958 in the Filmfare. The second generation Toyota HiAce is known in Sri Lanka as the 'Rukmani Model', because she was travelling in one when she had her fatal accident.

## Attack on Grave Site

On 12 August 2011, a former mayor of Negombo and a former Minister of the Parliament Mr. Ananda Munasinghe was allegedly charged and arrested by the Negombo Police for dislodging the statue of Rukmani Devi, erected on her grave by one of her fans Mrs. Sriyani Achala Dissanayake. Several popular media bloated this incident as an attack by an unidentified group of criminals to Rukmani Devi's grave, and a protest rally to this incident was organised in Negombo on 14 August 2011.

## Songs

* Ada Handanawa Himiyani Yasodara
* Adara Nadiya Gala
* Adara Pana Suda
* Adaraya Nisa Harde Bandena
* Adarayai Karunawayi
* Alokaya Hama Thana Pathire
* Anna Sudo Ara Pata Wala - (with Mohideen Beg)
* Ara Ramani Pem Handa Akase - (with Dharmadasa Walpola)
* Ase Geethe Madura Jeewe - (with Dharmadasa Walpola)
* Asure Nisa Me
* Chandra Mage Ko Ane
* Dadi Kala Matha
* Dalwaw Bathi Adara Pem
* Danno Budunge
* Deerghayu Siri Labewa - (With H. W. Rupasinghe & Kokila Devi)
* Denna Priye Dathata Oya Datha
* Deviyan Ko Saman Deviyan
* Dewa Gini Mawa
* Dharmaraja Maraji - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Doi Doiya Putha
* Dushmantha Aho Kimado
* Gala Kandeni
* Giye Aida Mawa Thanikara
* Hada Gilei Ama Mihire - (with Mohideen Baig)
* Herdhey Pina-aei
* Jaya Mangala Gatha
* Jeewithe Ma
* Kiyanna Rankanda
* Koheda Yanne Ran Menike Oya
* Lakmenige Darukela - (with H. W. Rupasinghe & Kokila Devi)
* Mage Prema Raja
* Manike Obe Sinahawe - (with Neville Fernando)
* Mata Mata Gamini Mata - (with H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Mawa Penwala
* Muhude Pathule Kimidee - (with Mohideen Baig)
* Muniraja Diyana Swami - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Muni Sri Dalada - (With master H.W.Rupasinghe)
* Nilambare Paya - (With master H.W.Rupasinghe)
* Pem Rajadhane Ahas Maligavo - (with Milton Mallawarachchi)
* Pem Rajaya
* Pem Sagare
* Raja Sri Mangala - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Sandyawe Pena Pena - (with H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Saranawewa Wasana - (With H. W. Rupasinghe & Kokila Devi)
* Siri Buddhagaya Vihare - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Siri Pada Kamal - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Silpa Satara Loke - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Srimuni Gautama - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Siriyavi Mage - (With Mabel Blyth)
* Sudata Sudey - (With Mohideen Baig)
* Thayam Mayam
* Thribhuwana Jana Puja - (With H. W. Rupasinghe)
* Wandimee Sadaren - (with H. W. Rupasinghe & Kokila Devi)
* Wasanawantha Kala Laba - (with Dharmadasa Walpola)

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 1947 | Kadawunu Poronduwa | Ranjani |
| 1948 | Kapati Arakshakaya | Mallika |
| 1948 | Waradunu Kurumanama | Swarna |
| 1949 | Peralena Iranama | Sunetha |
| 1950 | Hadisi Vinischaya | Kanthi |
| 1951 | Segawunu Pilithura | Kusumalatha 'Chandralata' |
| 1952 | Umathu Vishwasaya | Susila / Padma |
| 1953 | Kele Handa | Malini |
| 1954 | Iranganie | Iranganie |
| 1955 | Mathabhedaya | Kusuma |
| 1955 | Perakadoru Bena | Malini Gunathilaka |
| 1956 | Dosthara | Chandra |
| 1957 | Siriyalatha | Siriyalatha 'Agnes' 'Kusina' / Sriyawathie |
| 1959 | Daivayogaya | Sheela Kumari |
| 1960 | Kawata Andare | Andare's wife |
| 1960 | Nalangana | Prema / Asha |
| 1962 | Daskon | Premila |
| 1963 | Mangalika | Mangalika |
| 1964 | Samiya Birindage Deviyaya | Wife Chandra |
| 1964 | Heta Pramada Wadi | Rupa |
| 1965 | Sathutai Kandulai | |
| 1965 | Laa Dalu | |
| 1966 | Sampatha | |
| 1967 | Rahas Dupatha | |
| 1967 | Rena Giraw | Clubgoer |
| 1967 | Pipena Kumudu | |
| 1967 | Magul Poruwa | |
| 1968 | Abuddassa Kale | |
| 1969 | Paara Walalu | |
| 1969 | Romeo Juliet Kathawak | |
| 1970 | Nim Walalla | |
| 1971 | Sahanaya | |
| 1971 | Seeye Nottuwa | |
| 1971 | Samanala Kumariyo | |
| 1972 | Veeduru Gewal | Auntie |
| 1972 | Hathara Wate | Manike |
| 1972 | Ihatha Athmaya | Emily 'Pissu Amma' |
| 1973 | Suhada Pathuma | Chamila's mother |
| 1973 | Hondata Hondai | Chammi's mother |
| 1974 | Hadawath Naththo | |
| 1974 | Lasanda | Chai Jayawansa |
| 1974 | Jeewana Ganga | |
| 1974 | Dinum Kanuwa | |
| 1974 | Sagarika | |
| 1975 | Kohoma Kiyannada | Samanthi's mother |
| 1975 | Jeewana Geethaya | |
| 1975 | Hitha Honda Minihek | Rukmani |
| 1975 | Obai Mamai | Sheela |
| 1975 | Sukiri Kella | Soma Dharmapala |
| 1975 | Lassana Dawasak | Nilanthi's mother |
| 1976 | Nayana | |
| 1976 | Kawuda Raja | Nilanthi's mother |
| 1976 | Wasana | Mrs. Rajadasa |
| 1976 | Harima Badu Thunak | Auntie |
| 1976 | Unnath Dahai Malath Dahai | |
| 1976 | Hariyata Hari | Mrs. Gunathilake |
| 1976 | Onna Mame Kella Panapi | |
| 1976 | Saradielge Putha | Kumari Hami 'Manike' |
| 1976 | Adarei Man Adarei | |
| 1976 | Nedeyo | Sara |
| 1976 | Ran Thilaka | |
| 1977 | Sudu Paraviyo | Rajesh's mother |
| 1977 | Sri Madara | Mercy de Soysa |
| 1977 | Chin Chin Nona | |
| 1977 | Tom Pachaya | Ranawaka |
| 1978 | Kundalakeshi | Queen |
| 1977 | Deviyani Oba Kohida | Elizabeth's mother |
| 1977 | Sajaa | |
| 1977 | Hithuwoth Hithuwamai | |
| 1978 | Madhuwanthi | Maduwanthi's mother |
| 1978 | Apsara | |
| 1978 | Ahasin Polowata | |
| 1979 | Samanmali | Mother |
| 1979 | Monarathenna | Biso |
| 1979 | Anusha | Mrs. Ratnayake |
| 1979 | Nuwan Renu | Nuwan's Mother 'Silawathie Hamine' |
| 1979 | Jeewana Kandulu | Geetha's mother |
| 1979 | Amal Biso | |
| 1979 | Ran Kurullo | Sujatha's mother |
| 1979 | Podi Malli | Nalika's mother |
| 1979 | Tak Tik Tuk | |
| 1980 | Silva | |
| 1980 | Sinhabahu | |
| 1981 | Sathara Diganthaya | |
| 1981 | Hondama Naluwa | |
| 1981 | Bamba Ketu Hati | |
| 1981 | Senasuma | |
| 1981 | Jeewanthi | |
| 1982 | Thana Giravi | Clara |
| 1982 | Sakvithi Suwaya | Tissa's mother |
| 1982 | Sudu Ayya | Mrs. Ranatunga |
| 1982 | Kadawunu Poronduwa remake | Song Performer |
| 1982 | Sithara | |
| 1983 | Hithath Hondai Wadath Hondai | |
| 1983 | Sandamali | Sandamali's mother |
| 1984 | Ara Soyza | Vadigapatuna's mother |