# History of rail transport in Indonesia

Most railway lines in Indonesia were constructed during the Dutch colonial rule. After independence in 1945, many lines were abandoned. The current national rail operator, PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), was founded on 28 September 1945.

## Pre-independence era
### First railway line

Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) was the second country in Asia to establish a rail transport, after India; China and Japan were next to follow. On 7 June 1864, Governor General Baron Sloet van den Beele initiated the first railway line in Indonesia on Kemijen village, Semarang, Central Java. It began operations on 10 August 1867 in Central Java and connected the first built Semarang station to Tanggung for 25 kilometers. By 21 May 1873, the line had connected to Solo, both in Central Java and was later extended to Yogyakarta. This line was operated by a private company, Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS or NISM) and used the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge gauge. Later construction by both private and state railway companies used the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge.
The liberal Dutch government of the era was then reluctant to build its own railway, preferring to give a free rein to private enterprise. But private railways could not provide the expected return of investment (even NIS required some financial assistance from the government), and the Dutch Ministry of Colonies finally approved a state railway system, the Staatsspoorwegen (SS), extending from Buitenzorg (now Bogor) in the west, to Surabaya in the east. Construction began from both ends, the first line (from Surabaya) being opened on 16 May 1878, and both cities were connected by 1894.
By the 1920s the system in Java had reached its greatest extent, with most towns and cities connected by rail, with branches and tramways connecting sugar plantations to factories.
The Great Depression of the 1930s put laid to plans of constructing railway lines in Borneo, Celebes, connecting the lines in Sumatra and electrification of the lines in Java.
After the Dutch state started railway construction, private enterprises did not completely get out of the picture, and at least 15 light railway companies operated in Java. These companies operated as "steam tram companies", but despite the name, were better described as regional secondary lines.

### Java

As befits a colonial enterprise, most railway lines in Indonesia had a dual purpose: economic and strategic. In fact, a condition for the financial assistance for the NIS was that the company build a railway line to Ambarawa, which connected to the one of an important military base named Fort Willem I for the Dutch king. The first state railway line was built through the mountains on the southern part of Java, instead of the flat regions on the north, for a similar strategic reason. The state railway in Java connected Anyer on the western coast of the island, to Banyuwangi on the eastern coast.

### Sumatra

In Sumatra, railways were first used for military purposes, with a railway line connecting Banda Aceh and its port of Uleelhee in 1876. This railway, the Atjeh Staats Spoorwegen (ASS), first built to a 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge which was later regauged to 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and extended south. This line was only transferred to the Ministry of Colonies from the Ministry of War on 1 January 1916, following the relative pacification of Aceh.
The Western Sumatra's state railway in the Minangkabau area, the Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust (SSS) transported coal from inland mines to the port at Padang and was built between 1891 and 1894
The Southern Sumatra's state railway, the Staatsspoorwegen op Zuid-Sumatra (ZSS), was completed in the 1930s. It served a fertile plantation area and an important coal mine.
Another important private railway line was the Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij (DSM). This line served regions producing rubber and tobacco in Deli.

### Sulawesi

Between July 1922 and 1930, a 47 kilometres (29 mi)-long railway line operated in South Sulawesi. This line was to be extended to North Sulawesi, as part of a massive project of railway construction in Borneo and Sulawesi, connection of separate railway systems in Sumatra and electrification of the main lines in Java. The Great Depression of 1929 put paid to these plans.

### Japanese occupation

During the Japanese occupation between 1942 and 1945, the different railway lines in Java were managed as one entity. The Sumatra systems, being under the administration of a different branch of the Japanese armed forces, remained separate.
The occupiers also converted the (1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge lines in Java into 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), thereby resolving the dual gauge issue. This was not an actual "problem" as there was not much transfer of materials between the systems, and much of the 1,435 mm system had been fitted with a third rail by 1940, creating a mixed-gauge railway. Many locomotives were seized and transported to Malaya, Burma and elsewhere. The railway network was reduced from 6,811 km (4,232 mi) in 1939 to 5,910 km (3,670 mi) in 1950 to provide material for railway construction in Burma.

## Independence era

During the war for independence between 1945 and 1949, freedom fighters took over the railways, creating the first direct predecessor to today's PT Kereta Api, the Djawatan Kereta Api Repoeblik Indonesia (Railway Bureau of the Republic of Indonesia), on 28 September 1945. This date, not the 1867 one, is regarded as the birth date of Indonesian railways and commemorated as Railway Day every year, on political grounds.
On the other hand, the Dutch by Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) formed their own combined railway system to manage the railway lines located on their occupied territory, the Staatsspoorwegen/Verenigd Spoorwegbedrijf (SS/VS or Combined Railways). This company consisted of a combined state-owned and many private-owned railway companies, except Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij (Deli Railway). By the time of Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence, the SS/VS had most railway lines under their management, though not all were in operation.
With Indonesia's full independence in 1949, the separate systems (except the Deli Railway) were combined into the Djawatan Kereta Api. Non-state railway systems in Java retained their paper existence until 1958, when all railway lines in Indonesia were nationalized, including the Deli Railway, thereby creating the Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA: State Railway Corporation) in 1963. On 15 September 1971 the name of PNKA was changed to Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA, the Indonesian Railway Systems). Later then, on 2 January 1991, PJKA was changed its name and status as Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (Perumka, the Indonesian Railways Public Company), and since 1 June 1999, this company was changed to a limited company, PT Kereta Api (Persero) (PT KA). In May 2010, the name of "PT KA" was changed to PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (PT KAI, The Indonesian Railways Company) till present.
The headquarters of the state railway system, since Dutch colonial days, had been located in Bandung, West Java. Private railway companies were headquartered elsewhere, in Semarang, Tegal, Surabaya and Medan.
Construction of new railway lines has been scarce. In 1997, a line was inaugurated from Citayam to Nambo in West Java. At the beginning, this line was planned to be incorporated into a larger circular line network, ranging from Cikarang to Parung Panjang. This plan had to be postponed due to the 1997 economic crisis. The first airport rail link in Indonesia, the Kualanamu Airport Rail Link, connects Medan with Kualanamu International Airport, which was inaugurated on 4 September 2013. The Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link was opened between Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and BNI City on 26 December 2017. Minangkabau Ekspres, connecting Minangkabau International Airport and Padang, was inaugurated on 21 May 2018. The Adisumarmo Airport Rail Link, connecting Adisoemarmo International Airport station and Solo Balapan, opened on 29 December 2019. Yogyakarta International Airport Rail Link, connecting Yogyakarta International Airport with Yogyakarta was completed in September 2021. The Trans-Sulawesi Railway are built with 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge which is wider than the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) cape gauge used in Java and Sumatra to accommodate more weight and speed, the first phase includes 146 kilometers route from Makassar to Parepare, which was completed in November 2022 and has been operating ever since, the total plan for the railway would be around 2,000 kilometres spanning from Makassar to Manado, most of other sections are still under construction.
Most new construction is concentrated on double- and quad-tracking of existing railway lines. In 2011, double-tracking of the line from Semarang to Surabaya Pasar Turi was begun. The project was finished with the double-tracking of the final segment between Bojonegoro and Surabaya Pasar Turi on 8 May 2014. The line between Manggarai and Cikarang on Rajawali-Cikampek line is being quadrupled, with the first section between Jatinegara and Cakung opened on 14 April 2019.
Trams formerly existed in Jakarta, Surabaya, Malang, and Semarang before their service was closed after independence. In Jakarta the tram lines use track gauge 1,188 mm (3 ft 10+25⁄32 in) operated by Bataviasche Verkeers Maatschappij and Pengangkutan Penumpang Djakarta, while in other areas track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) were used. In Greater Jakarta, KRL Commuterline and Jabodebek LRT is operational urban rail network, serving commuter routes which comprises cities of DKI Jakarta, Depok, Bogor, Bekasi, Tangerang, and South Tangerang as well as regencies of Bogor, Bekasi, and Lebak. The other operational urban rail networks are Jakarta provincially-owned Jakarta MRT, Jakarta LRT, and Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link to support the public transport network in the area.
Indonesia operates a high-speed rail line connecting its two largest cities, the Jakarta–Bandung high-speed rail line, which will allow trains to reach up to 420 km/h, with operational speed of 350 km/h. Commenced operations on 2 October 2023, this High Speed Rail line is the first in Southeast Asia

## Rail network

The development of the railway network from 1875 to 1925 in 4 stages:
* 1875–1888,
* 1889–1899,
* 1900–1913
* 1914–1925.

### Network after 1875–1888

Phase I development took place in 1876–1888. The beginning of the construction of the railway was in 1876, in the form of the first network in the Dutch East Indies, between Tanggung and Gudang in Semarang in 1876, along 26 km. After that, the Semarang – Gudang line began to be built. In 1880, the Batavia (Jakarta) – Buitenzorg (Bogor) line was built along 59 km, then continued to Cicalengka via Cicurug – Sukabumi – Cibeber – Cianjur – Bandung.
In 1877 the Kediri - Blitar line was built, and combined with the Surabaya - Cilacap line via Kertosono – Madiun – Solo, and also the Jogya – Magelang line.
Until 1888 the railway network built was:
* Batavia – Buittenzorg – Sukabumi – Bandung – Cicalengka
* Batavia – Tanjung Priok and Batavia – Bekasi
* Cilacap – Kutoarjo – Yogya – Solo – Madiun – Sidoarjo – Surabaya
* Kertosono – Kediri – Blitar
* Sidoarjo – Malang and Bangil – Pasuruan – Probolinggo
* Solo – Purwodadi – Semarang and Semarang – Rembang
* Tegal – Balapulang

### Network after 1889–1899

Until 1899, the railway network built was:
* Djogdja – Tjilatjap
* Soerabaja – Pasoeroean – Malang
* Madioen – Solo
* Sidoardjo – Modjokerto
* Modjokerto – Kertosono
* Kertosono – Blitar
* Kertosono – Madioen – Solo
* Buitenzorg (Bogor) – Tjitjalengka
* Batavia – Rangkasbitung
* Bekasi – Krawang
* Cicalengka – Cibatu (Garut) – Tasikmalaya – Maos – Banjarnegara
* Cirebon – Semarang and Semarang – Blora
* Yogya – Magelang
* Blitar – Malang and Krian – Surabaya
* Part of the Madura line

### Network after 1899–1913

Until 1913 the rail network built was:
* Rangkasbitung–Labuan and Rangkasbitung–Anyer
* Krawang–Cirebon and Cikampek–Bandung
* Pasuruan–Banyuwangi
* The entire Madura network
* Blora–Bojonegoro–Surabaya

### Network after 1913–1925

Until 1925 the rail network built was:
* Remaining Java Island line
* Jatinegara–Tanjung Priok electrification
* Batavia–Bogor electrification:
* South Sumatra: Panjang–Palembang and
* West Sumatra: around Sawahlunto and Padang
* North Sumatra: Tanjung Balai–Medan–Pematangsiantar; and Medan–Belawan–Pangkalansusu.
* Sulawesi: Makasar–Takalar and Makasar–Maros–Sinkang plan
* North Sulawesi: Manado–Amurang plan
* Kalimantan: Banjarmasin–Amuntai plan; and Pontianak–Sambas plan.
For Kalimantan and Sulawesi, it was not implemented because construction was only going to start in 1941 and World War II broke out.

### Station Construction Period

Here is a list of major stations:
* Karanganyar Station – inaugurated 1887
* Jakarta Kota Station – inaugurated 1929
* Tanjung Priok Station – 1914
* Gambir Station (formerly Weltevreden) – 1914
* Jatinegara Station (formerly Meester Cornelis)
* Manggarai Station – 1969
* Pasar Senen Station – 1916
* Cikampek Station – 1894
* Bogor Station – 1881
* Depok Station – 1881
* Bandung Station – 1887
* Yogyakarta Station – 1887
* Solo Balapan Station – 1876
* Semarang Tawang Station – 1873
* Cirebon Station – 1920
* Madiun Station – 1897
* Purwokerto Station – 1922
* Malang Station – 1941
* Surabaya Kota Station – 1878 and renovation 1911
* Surabaya Gubeng Station – 1913
* Pasar Turi Station – 1938
* Kertosono Station

### Batavia – Buitenzorg electric train network 1918

Bogor Station (Buitenzorg) was built in 1880 when making the Buitenzorg - Soekaboemi - Tjiandjoer - Tjitjalengka line. However, the electric train network only existed in Batavia (Jakarta) to Buitenzorg (Bogor) which was built in 1918, then in 1925 the electric network was also made to Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) to Tandjoeng Priok.

## Setback era

In this era, PJKA continues to experience decline due to the increasing number of private car users, public transportation and the emergence of Ojek. Therefore, the government issued an annual subsidy. This subsidy is formatted for employee expenses and reducing PJKA's loss burden. and the gradual closure of all of the total branch lines at that time.
The Bintaro Tragedy on 19 October 1987 was a tragic event that worsened the bad image of PJKA as the only railway operator in Indonesia. In this tragedy, hundreds of people died while the rest were injured. Since that tragedy, the safety and comfort of trains have been questioned.

### 90s era until now

On 1 August 1990, PJKA changed to Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (Perumka). During this period, losses such as those experienced by PJKA several years ago could be reduced. All employees still have the status of civil servants who are regulated separately and are allowed to seek profit.
The Perumka era is often called the "red and blue era" because all the paint on commercially operated locomotives was changed to red and blue with a white Perumka logo on the front and back, and under the driver's cabin glass right above the license plate. In addition, the livery paint of all train classes was also changed, namely for executives it was painted light blue-dark blue, business was painted dark green-dark blue, economy was painted dark red-dark blue, and the power train and baggage train were painted plain dark blue. All trains have white lines with a red Perumka logo.

### Limited company era

In 1998, Perumka officially changed to PT Kereta Api (Persero (PT KA), although the notaryation of its establishment was carried out the following year. In the early 1990s and 2000s, PT KA maintained the red-blue paint on its locomotives, except for CC 203.
In 1995, the Argo executive train was born, made by PT Inka Madiun, which was named Argo Bromo and Argo Gede. All of the latest Argo executive trains were painted white-gray with dark blue stripes with the PT KAI logo on the left and the Ministry of Transportation on the right. In addition, the CC 203 locomotive was also imported directly from its factory, GE Transportation. This locomotive has an aerodynamic design.
As a result of the presence of this Argo train, there was a change in the color scheme, with the executive and business class trains painted with the same pattern as the Argo class but with a cream-white color. In 1997 the Argo Bromo Anggrek train appeared which was painted pink-white. Meanwhile, the economy trains were actually painted white-turquoise green, but in the end only the Rheostatic KRL economy class and some KRDs were painted with this color scheme, while other economy trains were still comfortable with the red-blue color scheme from before 1995. The previously mentioned livery was also added with two stripes, one of which was light blue and the other was dark blue.
In 2006 and above, CC 201 and most other locomotives then changed their paint like CC 203, namely white with light blue-dark blue stripes. Meanwhile, there were changes to the entire series of passenger trains ranging from executive, business, and economy, to what can be seen today. For heritage locomotives using PJKA's livery.
During this period, PT KA introduced the PSO (public service obligation) system, especially for economy trains. This PSO replaced the previously implemented subsidy system. In 2007, Law No. 23 of 2007 was passed, which eliminated the monopoly carried out by PT KA.
In this era, the number of diesel hydraulic locomotives began to decrease along with PT KA's policy at that time to better maintain existing diesel electric locomotives and import, develop a number of new generation diesel electric and hydraulic locomotives that already use sophisticated technology in their maintenance.

#### Transformation and digitalization

The era of digitalization of Indonesian railways has emerged since the 1980s. Digitalization began when the BB204 locomotive was launched in the 1980s in West Sumatra. Furthermore, CC 204 was modified from CC201 by adding a BrightStar Sirius computer so that it could mitigate damage 45 minutes before the damage occurred. In addition, in 2006 to 2011, a locomotive was made based on the CC203 design by adding a BrightStar Sirius computer at PT Inka so that the CC204 batch II was created.
In the 2010s decade, there have been many transformations at PT KA, especially when led by Ignasius Jonan. In 2010 the name of PT KA changed to PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (PT KAI). Complaints from the public about the lack of AC in economy class trains, so in 2010 non-PSO AC economy class trains appeared with the presence of Bogowonto train as its pioneer.
On 28 September 2011, the PT KAI logo changed. Another transformation lies in the ticketing system. Tickets that were originally only available at the departure station, can now be ordered at minimarkets and ticket agents. Even more amazingly, a boarding pass system has emerged that requires passengers to bring proof of identity. In addition, station management is now very good. All medium and long-distance trains have been equipped with AC. Locomotive digitalization in Indonesia has continued to advance since CC205 and CC206 were imported to strengthen PT KAI's current fleet and also the development of the CC300 locomotive as part of this transformation and digitalization

#### Commemorating the 75th anniversary of the company's formation

In commemorating its 75th anniversary on 28 September 2020, PT KAI inaugurated a new logo in the form of three letters "K", "A", and "I" made in italics (depicting the company's progressive, open, and trusted character). The accent of the train track shape on the letter "A" symbolizes "hope to advance the company as the best and synergistic transportation ecosystem" and the use of two colors that have different meanings from the previous logo, namely the combination of these two colors reflects "a harmonious relationship between KAI and all stakeholders in the railway sector", with the blue color (on the letters "K" and "I") symbolizing "stability, professionalism, trustworthiness, and confidence of the company", and the orange color (on the letter "A") symbolizing "enthusiasm, creativity, and determination of the company".
As one of the mass transportation models used by millions of people, the development of railways in Indonesia is inseparable from the spotlight and weaknesses. Factors that are often of concern today are the accident rate is still relatively high both derailed carriages, collisions between trains, collisions between trains and other vehicles, floods/landslides and other problems often faced by train users. The main cause of this problem can be seen in the uneven rail facilities and maintenance, resulting in various problems. In 2009, it was recorded that 255 people were victims of train accidents, either injured or killed. Around 60% of train accidents occur at railroad crossings, which generally do not have gates or even guarded. Of the 2,923 railway crossing gates spread across the island of Java, it was recorded that around 1,192 were not guarded by officers. This means that 40% of crossings escape the supervision of PT KAI which is fully responsible for ensuring traffic safety and security as stated in Law Number 23 of 2007, articles 31, 32, 33, 34 and 124 which have been ratified by the legislature.

### Addition of new lines

Since 2015, the government has planned to improve railway infrastructure in Indonesia by adding new lines, reactivating inactive lines and also making double tracks, not only in the Java corridor, but also in other corridors such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua.
The following is the development of railway networks outside Java from the 2015–2019 Railway Strategic Program:

#### Sumatra Island Corridor

Construction of Inter-City Railways/Trans Sumatra:
* New Bireun-Lhokseumawe-Langsa-Besitang railway line
* New Rantauprapat-Duri-Dumai railway line
* New Duri-Pekanbaru railway line
* New Pekanbaru-Muaro railway line
* New Pekabaru-Jambi-Palembang railway line
* New Simpang-Tanjung Api-Api railway line
* Double track Prabumulih-Kertapati railway
* Double track Baturaja-Martapura
* Muara Enim-Lahat double track railway
* Cempaka-Tanjung Karang double track railway
* Sukamenanti-Tarahan double track railway
* Rejosari/KM3-Bakauheni new railway line
Reactivation of Railway Lines:
* Binjai-Besitang
* Padang Panjang-Bukit Tinggi-Payakumbuh
* Pariaman-Naras-Sungai Limau
* Muaro Kalaban-Muaro
Upgrading of Urban Railway Lines/Double Track/Electrification:
* Medan Urban (Medan-Araskabu-Kualanamu Double Track Railway)
* Padang Urban (Padang-BIM and Padang-Pariaman)
* Batam Urban (Batam Center-Hang Nadim Airport)
* Palembang Urban (Monorail)
Airport Access Railway Construction:
* Kualanamu Airport, Medan (capacity increase)
* Minangkabau International Airport, Padang
* Hang Nadim Airport, Batam
* Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport
Construction of Port Access Railway:
* Lhokseumawe Port
* Belawan Port
* Kualatanjung Port
* Dumai Port
* Tanjung Api-Api Port
* Panjang Port
* Bakauheni Port

#### Kalimantan Island Corridor

Construction of Special/Coal/Port Access Railway (PPP Scheme):
* Muara Wahau-Muara Bengalon
* Murung Raya-West Kutai-Paser-Panajam Paser Utara-Balikpapan
* Puruk Cahu-Mangkatib
Construction of Intercity/Trans Kalimantan Railway:
* New railway line Tanjung-Paringin-Barabai-Rantau-Martapura-Banjarmasin
* New railway line Balikpapan-Samarinda
* New railway line Tanjung-Balikpapan
* New railway line Banjarmasin-Palangkaraya
* New railway line Palangkaraya – Sangau-Pontianak-State Border
* New railway line Samarinda-Sangata-Tanjung Redep-State Border
Construction of Airport Access Railway:
* Syamsuddin Noor Airport

#### Sulawesi Island Corridor

Construction of Inter-City Railway/Trans Sulawesi:
* New railway line Manado-Bitung
* New railway line Bitung-Gorontalo-Isimu
* New railway line Pare Pare-Mamuju
* New railway line Makassar-Pare Pare (Currently Segment: Mandai – Barru which will operate on 28 December 2023 including the Garongkong branch)
* New railway line Makassar-Sangatminasa-Takalar-Bulukumba-Watampone
* New railway line Mamuju-Palu-Isimu
Urban Railway Development:
* Makassar City and Surrounding Areas
* Manado City
Airport/Port Access Railway Development:
* Sultan Hasanuddin Airport
* Garonggong Port, New Makassar Port
* Bitung Port

#### Papua Island Corridor

* The development of a new railway line in Papua is only planned for one, namely for the Sorong-Manokwari line.

## Active railways
### List of active railway in Indonesia

The following is a list of railway lines that are still active in Indonesia. This line does not include all railway lines in Indonesia; for inactive railway lines in Indonesia please see inactive railway lines in Indonesia. The list of active railway lines below is arranged according to the railway line number.

#### Java

Active railway lines in Java :
| Line number | Railway line | Segment | Date of inauguration | Company that inaugurated | Operator | Type |
| 1 | Anyer Kidul–Kampung Bandan | Tanah Abang–Rangkasbitung | 1 October 1899 | Staatsspoorwegen Western lines | KAI Commuter | Double |
| 1 | Anyer Kidul–Kampung Bandan | Rangkasbitung–Serang | 1 July 1900 | Staatsspoorwegen Western lines | KAI Commuter | Single |
| 1 | Anyer Kidul–Kampung Bandan | Serang–Krenceng with a branch towards Anyer Kidul | 20 December 1900 | Staatsspoorwegen Western lines | KAI Logistics | Single |
| 1 | Anyer Kidul–Kampung Bandan | Cilegon–Merak | 1 December 1914 | Staatsspoorwegen Western lines | KAI Commuter | Single |
| 1 | Anyer Kidul–Kampung Bandan | Jakarta–Kota Inten–Angke–Duri | 2 January 1899 | Staatsspoorwegen Western lines | KAI Commuter | Double |
| 2 | Tangerang–Duri | Tangerang–Duri | 2 January 1899 | Staatsspoorwegen Western lines | KAI Commuter | Double |
| 2 | Tangerang–Duri | Segment Batu Ceper–Soekarno-Hatta Airport | 26 December 2017 | KAI Commuter | KAI Commuter | Double |
| 2 | Jakarta-Cross | Tanjung Priuk–Ancol–Jakarta | 2 November 1885 | Western State Lines | KAI Commuter | Double |
| 2 | Jakarta-Cross | Tanah Abang–Manggarai | 1 August 1922 | Western State Lines | KAI Commuter | Double |
| 3 | Jakarta Kota–Cikampek | Jakarta–Pasar Senen–Jatinegara–Bekasi– Karawang | 1887 | Bataviasche Oosterspoorweg Maatschappij | Jakarta Operational Area I | Double (Jakarta Kota–Jatinegara) |
| 3 | Jakarta Kota–Cikampek | Jakarta–Pasar Senen–Jatinegara–Bekasi– Karawang | 1887 | Bataviasche Oosterspoorweg Maatschappij | Jakarta Operational Area I | Double (Jatinegara–Bekasi) |
| 3 | Jakarta Kota–Cikampek | Jakarta–Pasar Senen–Jatinegara–Bekasi– Karawang | 1887 | Bataviasche Oosterspoorweg Maatschappij | Jakarta Operational Area I | Double (Bekasi–Karawang) |
| 3 | Jakarta Kota–Cikampek | Karawang–Cikampek | 27 December 1902 | Western Railway Lines | Jakarta Operational Area I | Double |
| 3 | Cikampek–Padalarang | Cikampek–Purwakarta–Padalarang | 27 December 1902 | Western Railway Lines | Bandung Operational Area II | Partial double |
| 3 | Padalarang–Kasugihan | Padalarang–Bandung (with line 4) | 17 May 1884 | Western Railway Lines | Bandung Operational Area II | Double |
| 4 | Jakarta Kota–Bogor–Padalarang | Jakarta–Bogor | 31 January 1873 | Netherlands-Indies Railway | Operation Area I Jakarta (Jakarta Kota–Manggarai) | Double |
| 4 | Jakarta Kota–Bogor–Padalarang | Jakarta–Bogor | 31 January 1873 | Netherlands-Indies Railway | KAI Commuter (Manggarai–Bogor) | Double |
| 4 | Jakarta Kota–Bogor–Padalarang | Bogor–Cicurug | 5 October 1881 | Western Railways | Operation Area I Jakarta | Double |
| 4 | Jakarta Kota–Bogor–Padalarang | Cicurug–Sukabumi | 21 March 1882 | Western Railways | Operation Area I Jakarta | Single |
| 4 | Jakarta Kota–Bogor–Padalarang | Sukabumi–Cianjur | 20 May 1883 | Western Railways | Operational Area II Bandung | Single |
| 4 | Jakarta Kota–Bogor–Padalarang | Cianjur–Padalarang | 17 May 1884 | Western Railways | Operational Area II Bandung | Single |
| 5 | Cikampek–Cirebon Prujakan | Cikampek–Cirebon Prujakan | 3 June 1912 | Western Railways | Operational Area III Cirebon | Double |
| 6, 12 | Cirebon Prujakan–Prupuk–Tegal triangle | Cirebon Prujakan–Tegal | 1897 | Semarang-Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij | Operation Area III Cirebon (Cirebon–Brebes) | Double |
| 6, 12 | Cirebon Prujakan–Prupuk–Tegal triangle | Cirebon Prujakan–Tegal | 1897 | Semarang-Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij | Operation Area IV Semarang (Brebes–Tegal) | Double |
| 6, 12 | Cirebon Prujakan–Prupuk–Tegal triangle | Tegal–Prupuk (together with line 7) | 1885, extended 1 July 1916 | Javasche Spoorweg Maatschappij, taken over by SCS | Operation Area V Purwokerto | Single |
| 6, 12 | Tegal–Brumbung | Tegal–Semarang Tawang | 1897 | Semarang-Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij | Operation Area IV Semarang | Double |
| 7 | Cirebon Prujakan–Prupuk–Tegal triangle | Cirebon Prujakan–Prupuk | 1 July 1916 | Western State Railways | Cirebon Operations Area III (Cirebon–Ketanggungan) | Double |
| 7 | Cirebon Prujakan–Prupuk–Tegal triangle | Cirebon Prujakan–Prupuk | 1 July 1916 | Western State Railways | Purwokerto Operations Area V (Ketanggungan–Prupuk | Double |
| 7 | Prupuk–Kroya | Prupuk–Patuguran | 1 January 1917 | Western State Railways | Purwokerto Operations Area V | Double |
| 7 | Prupuk–Kroya | Patuguran–Kroya | 1 July 1916 | Western State Railways | Purwokerto Operations Area V | Double |
| 7 | Kroya–Cilacap | Kroya–Maos–Cilacap (together with lines 8 and 9) | 20 July 1887 | Western State Railways | Purwokerto Operations Area V | Single |
| 8 | Kroya–Kutoarjo | Kroya–Kutoarjo | 20 July 1887 | Western State Railways | Purwokerto Operations Area V | Double |
| 8 | Kutoarjo–Solo Balapan | Kutoarjo–Yogyakarta | 20 July 1887 | Western State Railways | Operational Area V Purwokerto (Kutoarjo–Jenar) | Double |
| 8 | Kutoarjo–Solo Balapan | Kutoarjo–Yogyakarta | 20 July 1887 | Western State Railways | Operational Area VI Yogyakarta (Jenar–Yogyakarta) | Double |
| 8 | Branch to Yogyakarta International Airport | Kedundang-Yogyakarta International Airport | 27 August 2021 | Directorate General of Railways | KAI Airport | Double |
| 8 | Branching to Karangtalun | Gumilir–Karangtalun | 20 July 1887 | Western Railway Stations | KAI Logistics | Single |
| 9 | Padalarang–Kasugihan | Bandung–Cicalengka | 10 September 1884 | Western Railway Stations | Operation Area II Bandung | Double (Bandung–Haurpugur) |
| 9 | Padalarang–Kasugihan | Bandung–Cicalengka | 10 September 1884 | Western Railway Stations | Operation Area II Bandung | Single (Haurpugur–Cicalengka) |
| 9 | Padalarang–Kasugihan | Cicalengka–Cibatu | 14 August 1889 | Western Railway Stations | Operation Area II Bandung | Single |
| 9 | Padalarang–Kasugihan | Cibatu–Tasikmalaya | 16 September 1893 | Western Railway Stations | Operation Area II Bandung | Single |
| 9 | Padalarang–Kasugihan | Tasikmalaya–Banjar | 1 November 1894 | Western Railway Stations | Operation Area II Bandung | Single |
| 9 | Padalarang–Kasugihan | Banjar–Kasugihan | 1 November 1894 | Western Railway Stations | Operational Area V Purwokerto | Single |
| 11 | Cibatu-Cikajang | Cibatu-Garut | 14 August 1889 | Western Railway Stations | Operational Area II Bandung | Single |
| 13 | Tegal–Brumbung | Semarang–Brumbung | 1867–1873 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Operational Area IV Semarang | Double |
| 13 | Brumbung–Gundih–Gambringan triangle | Brumbung–Gambringan | 1912 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Operational Area IV Semarang | Double |
| 13 | Gambringan–Surabaya Pasarturi | Gambringan–Surabaya Pasarturi | 1912 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Operation Area IV Semarang (Gambringan–Cepu) | Double |
| | Gambringan–Surabaya Pasarturi | Gambringan–Surabaya Pasarturi | 1912 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Operation Area VIII Surabaya (Cepu–Surabaya Pasarturi) | Double |
| 14 | Brumbung–Gundih–Gambringan triangle | Brumbung–Gundih | 1867–1870 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Operating Area IV Semarang | Single |
| 14 | Gundih–Solo Balapan | Gundih–Solo Balapan | 10 February 1870 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Yogyakarta Operations Area VI | Single |
| 14 | Branching to Adi Soemarmo International Airport | Kadipiro-Adi Soemarmo | 29 December 2019 | Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia | Yogyakarta Operations Area VI | Single |
| 14 | Kutoarjo–Solo Balapan | Yogyakarta–Solo Balapan | 1871–1872 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Yogyakarta Operations Area VI | Double |
| 16 | Solo Balapan–Kertosono (together with line 21) | Solo Jebres–Sragen | 24 May 1884 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Yogyakarta Operations Area VI | Double |
| 16 | Solo Balapan–Kertosono (together with line 21) | Sragen–Ngawi | 1 March 1884 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Yogyakarta Operations Area VI (Sragen–Kedungbanteng) | Double |
| 16 | Solo Balapan–Kertosono (together with line 21) | Sragen–Ngawi | 1 March 1884 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun (Ngawi–Jombang) | Double |
| 16 | Solo Balapan–Kertosono (together with line 21) | Ngawi–Madiun | 2 July 1883 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun (Ngawi–Jombang) | Double |
| 16 | Solo Balapan–Kertosono (together with line 21) | Madiun–Nganjuk | 1 July 1882 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun (Ngawi–Jombang) | Double |
| 16 | Solo Balapan–Kertosono (together with line 21) | Nganjuk–Kertosono | 1 October 1881 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun (Ngawi–Jombang) | Double |
| 16 | Kertosono–Wonokromo (together with lines 21 and 22) | Kertosono–Sembung | 25 June 1881 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun (Ngawi–Jombang) | Double |
| 16 | Kertosono–Wonokromo (together with lines 21 and 22) | Sembung–Mojokerto | 27 February 1881 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Double |
| 16 | Kertosono–Wonokromo (together with lines 21 and 22) | Mojokerto–Pull | 16 October 1880 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Double |
| 16 | Kertosono–Wonokromo (together with lines 21 and 22) | Pull–Along | 1 July 1897 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Double |
| 16 | Kertosono–Wonokromo (together with lines 21 and 22) | Along–Wonokromo | 1 July 1897 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 16 | Kertosono–Wonokromo (together with lines 21 and 22) | Branch to Sidoarjo | 16 October 1880 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 16 | Purwosari–Wonogiri | Segment to Solo City | 1892–1899 | Solosche Tramweg Maatschappij | Yogyakarta Operations Area VI | Single |
| 16 | Purwosari–Wonogiri | Continuation towards Wonogiri | 1 April 1922 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | Yogyakarta Operations Area VI | Single |
| 20 | Kandangan–Sumari | Kandangan– Indro | 1914–1916 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | KAI Commuter | Single |
| 21 | Surabaya Line | Wonokromo–Surabaya City (together with lines 22, 23, 24) | 16 May 1878 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | Operations Area VIII Surabaya | Double |
| 21 | Surabaya Line | Branch line to Benteng (Prins Hendrik) via Sidotopo | 1905 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | KAI Logistik | Single |
| 21 | Surabaya Line | Surabaya City–Kalimas | 1 January 1886 | Staatsspoorwegen Oosterlijnen | KAI Logistik | Single |
| 21 | Surabaya Line | Surabaya Pasarturi–Kalimas | 1912 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | KAI Logistik | Single |
| 21 | Surabaya Line | Surabaya Pasarturi–Gubeng shortcut | 19 May 2011 | Directorate General of Railways | Operations Region VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 22 | Kertosono–Bangil | Kertosono–Kediri | 13 August 1882 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun | Single |
| 22 | Kertosono–Bangil | Kediri–Tulungagung | 2 June 1883 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Tulungagung–Blitar (with line 22) | 10 June 1884 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Blitar–Wlingi (with line 22) | 10 January 1896 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VII Madiun (Blitar–Kesamben) | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Blitar–Wlingi (with line 22) | 10 January 1896 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya (Kesamben–Wlingi) | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Wlingi–Kepanjen SS | 30 January 1897 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Kepanjen–Malang | 5 January 1896 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Malang–Lawang | 20 July 1879 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Lawang–Sengon | 1 May 1879 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 23 | Kertosono–Bangil | Sengon–Bangil | 1 November 1879 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 24 | Wonokromo–Bangil | Wonokromo–Bangil (with line 23) | 16 May 1878 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Operation Area VIII Surabaya | Single |
| 24 | Bangil–Kalisat | Bangil–Pasuruan | 16 May 1878 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |
| 24 | Bangil–Kalisat | Pasuruan–Probolinggo | 3 May 1884 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |
| 24 | Bangil–Kalisat | Probolinggo–Klakah | 1 July 1895 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |
| 24 | Bangil–Kalisat | Klakah–Jember | 1 June 1897 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |
| 25 | Bangil–Kalisat | Jember–Kalisat | 1 October 1897 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |
| 25 | Kalisat–Banyuwangi | Kalisat–Mrawan | 10 September 1902 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |
| 25 | Kalisat–Banyuwangi | Mrawan–Kabat | 2 February 1903 | Staatsspoorwegen Ooterlijnen | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |
| 25 | Kalisat–Banyuwangi | Kabat–Ketapang | 1985 | State Railway Company | Jember IX Operational Area | Single |

#### Terminus

| Name | Termination station and main stops | Provinces served | Type |
| Whoosh | Halim, Padalarang, Tegalluar | DKI Jakarta, West Java | Main line (350 km/h) |
| Northern Java line | Jakarta, Cirebon, Semarang, and Surabaya | DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, and East Java | Main line (120 km/h) Jakarta–Surabaya Branch line Semarang–Surakarta Surabaya–Banyuwangi |
| Southern Java line | Bandung, Yogyakarta, Madiun, and Surabaya with branches to Cirebon and Malang | West Java, Central Java, DI Yogyakarta, and East Java | Main line (120 km/h) Bandung–Surabaya Branch line Cibatu–Garut Maos–Cilacap Cirebon–Purwokerto–Kroya Kertosono–Blitar Cikampek–Bandung |

#### Sumatra

| Line number | Railway line | Segment | Date of inauguration | Inaugurating company | Area of operation | Single/double? |
| – | Krueng Mane–Krueng Geukueh | Kr. Mane– Kr. Geukueh 1,435 mm with new station | 1 December 2013 | Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia PT Kereta Api Indonesia (the line uses the results of joint research by the Directorate General of Railways and SNCF, France) | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Belawan–Medan | Belawan–Labuan | 16 February 1888 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Belawan–Medan | Labuan–Medan | 25 July 1886 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Besitang–Medan | Kuala Bingei-Binjai–Medan | 1 May 1887 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Medan–Tebing Tinggi | Medan–Serdang | 1 July 1889 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single (double only Bandar Khalipah–Araskabu segment) |
| DSM | Medan–Tebing Tinggi | Serdang–Perbaungan | 7 February 1890 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Medan–Tebing Tinggi | Perbaungan–Bamban | 1902 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Medan–Tebing Tinggi | Bamban–Tebing Tinggi | 3 March 1903 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| | Medan–Tebing Tinggi | Branch to Kualanamu International Airport | 25 July 2013 | Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Double |
| DSM | Tebing Tinggi–Kisaran | Tebing Tinggi–Kisaran | 1915 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| | Tebing Tinggi–Kisaran | Bandar Tinggi–Kuala Tanjung branch | | Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Tebing Tinggi–Siantar | Tebing Tinggi–Siantar | 5 May 1916 | | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Kisaran–Tanjungbalai | Kisaran–Tanjungbalai | 1915 | | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| DSM | Kisaran–Rantau Prapat–Kotapinang | Kisaran–Rantau Prapat | 1937 | | Divre I of North Sumatra and Aceh | Single |
| SSS 1 | Bukit Putus–Lubuk Alung | Teluk Bayur–Padang (hanya langsir) | 1 Oktober 1892 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Sumatera Barat | Single |
| SSS 1 | Bukit Putus–Lubuk Alung | Padang–Lubuk Alung | 1 Juli 1891 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Sumatera Barat | Single |
| SSS 1 | Lubuk Alung–Sawahlunto | Lubuk Alung–Kayu Tanam | 1 Juli 1891 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Sumatera Barat | Single |
| SSS 2 | Lubuk Alung–Naras | Lubuk Alung–Pariaman | 9 Desember 1908 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Sumatera Barat | Single |
| SSS 2 | Lubuk Alung–Naras | Pariaman–Naras | 1 Januari 1911 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Sumatera Barat | Single |
| | Bukit Putus–Indarung | Bukit Putus–Indarung | 16 November 1979 | PJKA | Divre II Sumatera Barat | Single |
| | Percabangan menuju Bandara Minangkabau | Percabangan menuju Bandara Minangkabau | 21 Mei 2018 | Ditjen KA, Kemenhub RI | Divre II Sumatera Barat | Single |
| ZSS 2 | Lubuklinggau–Prabumulih | Lubuklinggau–Muara Enim | 1920–1933 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre III Palembang | Tunggal (Ganda mulai dari Muara Enim) |
| ZSS 2 | Lubuklinggau–Prabumulih | Muara Enim–Gunung Megang | 2 April 1917 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre III Palembang | Ganda |
| ZSS 2 | Lubuklinggau–Prabumulih | Gunung Megang–Prabumulih | 1 Desember 1916 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre III Palembang | Ganda |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Kertapati | Prabumulih–Kertapati | 1 November 1915 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre III Palembang | Ganda |
| LRT | Lintas Rel Terpadu Palembang | Lintas Rel Terpadu Palembang | 1 Agustus 2018 | Ditjen KA, Kemenhub RI | Divre III Palembang | Ganda |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Prabumulih–Peninjawan | 15 September 1922 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Peninjawan–Baturaja | 1 Juli 1923 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Baturaja–Martapura | 16 November 1925 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Ganda |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Martapura–Negararatu | 21 Maret 1927 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal (ganda pada segmen Cempaka–Giham) |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Negararatu–Cempaka | 1 Mei 1926 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal (ganda pada segmen Cempaka–Giham) |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Cempaka–Kotabumi | 1 Juni 1923 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Kotabumi–Blambangan Pagar | 2 Januari 1921 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Blambangan Pagar–Haji Pemanggilan | 1 Februari 1918 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Haji Pemanggilan–Tegineneng | 1 Februari 1917 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Tegineneng–Labuanratu | 1 November 1915 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Labuanratu–Tanjungkarang | 1 Maret 1915 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Tanjungkarang–Pidada | 3 Agustus 1914 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |
| ZSS 1 | Prabumulih–Panjang | Jalur menuju Tarahan | | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | Tunggal |

#### Sulawesi
##### Makassar–Parepare

The Makassar–Parepare railway line is a railway line approximately 145 kilometers long that connects Makassar City and Parepare City in South Sulawesi. This line is the first stage of the construction of the Trans-Sulawesi railway line. The line from Mandai Station to Garongkong Station, as well as the branch from Labakkang Station to Mangilu Station are lines that have been built and are already in operation. The ground breaking of Makassar–Parepare route was conducted on 18 August 2014 in, Siawung Village, Barru District, Barru Regency. On early November 2022, 66 kilometres (41 mi) of railway from Barru to Pangkep was inaugurated and operational. As of 2022, it is the only operational part of the railway. The provision of railway infrastructure and facilities for the Makassar-Parepare line is carried out by different operators. The provision of railway infrastructure, which includes the construction, operation, and maintenance of the railway line, is carried out by PT Celebes Railway Indonesia. Meanwhile, the provision of railway facilities is carried out by the South Sulawesi Railway Consortium, which is a joint venture between PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) and PT Sulsel Citra Indonesia (Perseroda).

## Defunct
### List of defunct railways in Indonesia

Defunct railway in Indonesia are railway lines that once existed and were used as passenger transportation and/or freight transportation in Indonesia, but are now no longer functioning, and in some places, there are even no traces of them anymore.
According to data from the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia as of 2017, there are 2,723 kilometers of inactive railway lines in Indonesia out of a total of 8,157 kilometers that were in operation as of 1939. So that within a period of 78 years (1939-2017), there is a tendency for a decrease in the infrastructure of the operated railway lines.
The tabulation of railroad lines is based on their crossing numbers in the Buku Jarak untuk Angkutan Barang Jawa dan Madura (Distance Book for Goods Transportation in Java and Madura) published by PJKA in 1982, unless otherwise stated.

#### Java
##### Pre-independence inactivity

There are railroad lines that were successfully reactivated by Djawatan Kereta Api Republik Indonesia (DKARI) in the early days of independence. This reactivated line is considered important and has high economic potential so it needs to be reactivated. In addition, there are railroad lines that are considered important for military movements. However, among the lines that DKARI successfully reactivated, many of them were deactivated for the second time in the 1970s to 1990s in the PJKA era.
| Railroad line | Date inaugurated | Date closed | Inaugurating company |
| Tasikmalaya-Singaparna | 1 June 1911 | 1943 | Staatsspoorwegen |
| Rancaekek-Tanjungsari | 13 February 1921 | 1942 | Staatsspoorwegen |
| Dayeuhkolot-Majalaya | 3 March 1922 | 1942 | Staatsspoorwegen |
| Jatibarang–Karangampel | 1 May 1926 | 1 November 1932 | Staatsspoorwegen |
| Tulungagung–Tugu | 15 July 1921 (segment Tulungagung–Campurdarat) 1 Juli 1922 (segment Campurdarat–Tugu) | 1 November 1932 | Staatsspoorwegen |
| Ponorogo–Badegan | 1907–1922 | 1943 | Staatsspoorwegen |
| Bedilan–Waruduwur | 1897 | 1943 | Semarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Weleri-Besokor | 1 April 1901 | | Semarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Pekalongan–Wonopringgo | 7 February 1916 (segment Pekalongan–Kedungwuni) 1 December 1916 (segment Kedungwuni–Wonopringgo) | 1943 | Semarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Klangenan-Gunung Giwur | 1 July 1922 | 1933 | Semarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Maos-Purwokerto Timur | 16 July 1896 | 1943 | Serajoedal Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Spiritus Factory Wates-Mojokerto Kota-Gemekan- Ngoro/Dinoyo | 1889–1909 | 1943 | Oost-Java Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Warungdowo-Ngempit railroad | 1 December 1912 | 1932 | Pasoeroean Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Mayong-Welahan | 10 November 1900 | 1942 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Semarang tram lines | 1882–1899 | 1940 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Kudus–Mayong–Pecangaan (segment Bakalan–Pecangaan) | 6 September 1887 (segment Kudus–Mayong) 5 May 1895 (segment Mayong–Pecangaan) | 1942 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Jalur-jalur cabang KSM (except Pare–Pelem–Papar, dismantled during the Dutch Military Aggression II) | 1897–1900 | 1943 | Kediri Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Kepanjen–Gondanglegi | 10 Juni 1900 | 1943 | Malang Stoomtram Maatschappij |
| Ngabean–Pundong | 1917–1919 | 1943 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij |
| Kelanjutan jalur kereta api Yogyakarta–Palbapang, menuju Sewugalur | 21 May 1895 | 1943 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij |
| Segmen Sumari–Gresik | 1 Juni 1902 | 1943 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij |
| Cabang-cabang Stasiun Samarang | 1868–1924 | 1924-1942/1943 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij |

##### Post-independence inactivity

| Lines numbers in the 1982 distance table | Railroad line | Date inaugurated | Company that inaugurated | Asset territory | Reactivation status |
| 1 (Banten) | Labuan-Pandeglang | 18 June 1906 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| 1 (Banten) | Rangkasbitung-Pandeglang | 18 June 1906 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| 1 (Banten) | Cigading–Anyer Kidul | 20 December 1900 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| 2 (Lintas Jakarta) | Pegangsaan–Salemba | 1904 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| 5 (Jakarta–Cirebon) | Jatibarang–Indramayu | 8 June 1912 | Staatsspoorwegen | III Cirebon | |
| 6/12 (Semarang–Cirebon) | Kalibodri–Kendal–Kaliwungu | 2 May–1 November 1897 | Semarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | |
| 8 (Cilacap–Yogyakarta) | Kutoarjo–Purworejo | 20 July 1887 | Staatsspoorwegen | V Purwokerto | (Activated by the end of 2023) |
| SS Tram Cikampek | Cikampek–Cilamaya | 1 July 1909 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| SS Tram Cikampek | Cikampek–Wadas | 15 July 1912 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| SS Tram Cikampek | Karawang–Rengasdengklok | 15 June 1919 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| SS Tram Cikampek | Lamaran–Wadas | 9 February 1920 | Staatsspoorwegen | I Jakarta | |
| 10 (SCS dan SDS) | Purwokerto–Wonosobo | 1896–1917 | Serajoedal Stoomtram Maatschappij | V Purwokerto | |
| 10 (SCS dan SDS) | Banjarsari-Purbalingga | 1896–1917 | Serajoedal Stoomtram Maatschappij | V Purwokerto | — |
| 10 (SCS dan SDS) | Cirebon–Kadipaten | 29 December 1901 | Semarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij | III Cirebon | |
| 11 (Bandung Inspection cross-branch) | Cikudapateuh–Ciwidey | 13 February 1921-17 June 1924 | Staatsspoorwegen | II Bandung | |
| 11 (Bandung Inspection cross-branch) | Banjar–Cijulang | 15 Desember 1916-1 Juni 1921 | Staatsspoorwegen | II Bandung | |
| 11 (Bandung Inspection cross-branch) | Cikajang-Garut | 1 August 1930 | Staatsspoorwegen | II Bandung | |
| 13 (Pantura Jawa Timur) | Wirosari–Kradenan (bersama lintas 18) | 1 November 1898 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | |
| 14 (Vorstenlanden) | Yogyakarta–Palbapang | 21 May 1895 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | VI Yogyakarta | |
| 15 (Magelang) | Kedungjati–Secang | 21 May 1873 and 1 February 1905 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | IV Semarang (only to Gemawang) VI Yogyakarta (Gemawang dst.) | |
| 15 (Magelang) | Parakan–Secang | 1 July 1907 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | IV Semarang (only to Gemawang) VI Yogyakarta (Gemawang dst.) | |
| 15 (Magelang) | Yogyakarta–Secang | 1 July 1898 and 15 May 1903 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | IV Semarang (only to Gemawang) VI Yogyakarta (Gemawang dst.) | Replaced with a new trajectory from DJKA |
| 16 (Solo Raya) | Wonogiri–Baturetno | 1 October 1923 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | VI Yogyakarta | |
| 16 (Solo Raya) | Purwosari–Boyolali | 1892 | Solosche Tramweg Maatschappij | VI Yogyakarta | |
| 17 (SJS Kudus) | Kudus–Mayong–Bakalan | 1887-1895 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | |
| 17 (SJS Kudus) | Jurnatan–Demak– Kudus– Juwana– Rembang– Rembang–Lasem | 1883–1900 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | (Demak-Rembang) |
| 17 (SJS Kudus) | Juwana–Tayu | 1899–1900 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | |
| 18 (SJS Blora) | Demak–Purwodadi– Wirosari–Blora | 1888–1894 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | |
| 18 (SJS Blora) | Rembang–Blora –Cepu | 1901–1903 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | |
| 18 (SJS Blora) | Purwodadi–Gundih | 28 November 1884 | Poerwodadie–Goendih Stoomtram Maatschappij | IV Semarang | |
| 19 (around Bojonegoro) | Lasem–Bojonegoro | 1914–1919 | Samarang–Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij dan Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | IV Semarang dan VIII Surabaya | (Contained in the contents of the Annex to Presidential Regulation No. 80/2019) |
| 19 (around Bojonegoro) | Merakurak–Babat | 1 Agustus 1920 | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | (Contained in the contents of the Annex to Presidential Regulation No. 80/2019) |
| 19 (around Bojonegoro) | Babat–Jombang | 1899–1902 | Babat–Djombang Stoomtram Maatschappij | VII Madiun | |
| 20 (Gresik) | Gresik–Indro | | Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | |
| 21 (Tram OJS Surabaya) | Surabaya tram lines | 1898 1923 (electric tram) | Oost-Java Stoomtram Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | |
| 23 (Greater Malang) | Malang Kotalama–Gondanglegi– Dampit | 1897–1899 | Malang Stoomtram Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | |
| 23 (Greater Malang) | Blimbing–Tumpang | 1901–1903 | Malang Stoomtram Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | |
| 23 (Greater Malang) | Malang Kotalama–Blimbing–Singosari | 1901–1903 | Malang Stoomtram Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | |
| 25 (Banyuwangi) | Rogojampi–Benculuk | 1921–1922 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | |
| 25 (Banyuwangi) | Kabat-Banyuwangi | 2 February 1903 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Klakah–Lumajang–Pasirian | 16 May 1896 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Lumajang–Balung | 1927–1928 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Rambipuji–Balung–Puger | 3 May 1913 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Balung–Ambulu | 3 May 1913 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Kalisat–Panarukan | 1 October 1897 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | (Contained in the contents of the Annex to Presidential Regulation No. 80/2019) |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Situbondo-Panji | 1 May 1912 | Staatsspoorwegen | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Probolinggo–Paiton | 1897–1898 | Probolinggo Stoomtram Maatschappij | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Pasuruan–Warung Dowo –Winongan | 1896–1898 | Pasoeroean Stoomtram Maatschappij | IX Jember | |
| 26 (Jember Inspection cross-line) | Warung Dowo–Wonorejo | 1901 | Pasoeroean Stoomtram Maatschappij | IX Jember | |
| 27 (Mojokerto) | Mojokerto–Japanan–Porong/Bangil | 1898–1899 | Modjokerto Stoomtram Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | |
| 27 (Mojokerto) | Bangsal–Pugeran | 18 September 1899 | Modjokerto Stoomtram Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | |
| 28 | Jombang–Kediri | 7 January 1897 | Kediri Stoomtram Maatschappij | VII Madiun | |
| 28 | Pelem–Papar | 8 May 1897 | Kediri Stoomtram Maatschappij | VII Madiun | |
| 28 | Madiun–Ponorogo– Slahung | 1907–1922 | Staatsspoorwegen | VII Madiun | |
| 33 | Krian–Ploso | 1912–1921 | Staatsspoorwegen | VIII Surabaya | |
| Rikuyu Sokyuku 1 | Saketi–Bayah | 1942–1944 | Rikuyu Sokyoku | I Jakarta | — |
| – | Rajapolah-Pirusa | 1 Desember 1983 | Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api | II Bandung | |

### Madura

| Lines numbers in the 1982 distance table | Railroad line | Date inaugurated | Company that inaugurated | Asset territory | Reactivation status |
| 29 | Madurese lines | 1899–1913 | Madoera Stoomtram Maatschappij | VIII Surabaya | Contained in the contents of the Perpres Appendix No. 80 of 2019 (specifically the Kamal-Sumenep segment) |

## Sumatra

| Lines number | Railroad line | Date inaugurated | Company that inaugurated | Asset territory | Reactivation status |
| AT/ASS | Aceh Lines | 1886–1917 | Atjeh Tram/Atjeh Staatsspoorwegen | Divre I Medan | Replaced with a new trase from DJKA |
| DSM | Besitang–Medan (segmen Besitang-Kuala Bingai) | 1887–1919 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I Medan | |
| DSM | Medan–Batu/Pancur Batu dan Delitua | 4 September 1887, October 1907, dan 1916 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I Medan | |
| DSM | Lubuk Pakam–Bangun Purba | 10 April 1904 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I Medan | |
| DSM | Binjai–Kuala | 1890–1902 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I Medan | |
| DSM | Tanjungbalai-Teluk Nibung | 1915 | Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij | Divre I Medan | |
| SSS | Padangpanjang–Payakumbuh–Limbanang | 1891–1896 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Padang | |
| SSS | Lubuk Alung–Sawahlunto (segmen Kayutanam–Muarakalaban) | 1891–1894 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Padang | |
| SSS | Muarakalaban–Muaro | 1 March 1924 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Padang | |
| SSS | Naras–Sungai Limau | 1 January 1911 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Padang | |
| SSS | Percabangan menuju Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur | 1 October 1892 | Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust | Divre II Padang | |
| ZSS | Garuntang-Telukbetung | 27 May 1921 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | |
| ZSS | Tanjung Enim Baru-Tanjung Enim | 1 September 1910 | Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen | Divre IV Tanjungkarang | |
| | Pekanbaru–Muaro | 15 August 1945 | Rikuyu Sokyoku | Divre II Padang | Replaced with a new trase from DJKA |

## Sulawesi

| Lines number | Railroad line | Date inaugurated | Company that inaugurated | Asset territory | Reactivation status |
| STC 1 | Pasarbutung–Takalar (lintas STC) | 1 July 1923 | Staatstramwegen op Celebes (Grup Staatsspoorwegen) | - | Replaced with a new trase from DJKA |