OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2002 Police raid Shamsunnahar Hall

2002 Police raid Shamsunnahar Hall refers to a raid by Bangladesh police on Shamsunnahar Hall of the University of Dhaka on 23 July 2002. The raid injured 200 students and is remembered as the Shamsunnahar Hall Tragedy day in Bangladesh.

## Background

In 2002 Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) was in power. The students of Shamsunnahar Hall of the University of Dhaka were protesting against the unauthorised stay of leaders of Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal, the its student wing of the BNP, at the dormitory.

## Event

The police raided the dorm in the middle of the night on 23 July 2002. Residents of the dorms were dragged out by police officers and assaulted. The police were joined in the raid by leaders of Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal.

## Reaction

The attack was protested throughout the university the following day. Professor Anwarullah Chowdhury, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Dhaka, was forced to resign following the raid. The proctor of the university resigned as well. Prime Minister Khaleda Zia ordered the formation of a commission to investigate the incident. The one man commission was made up of Justice M Tafazzul Islam. The probe report blamed the incident on Additional Deputy Commissioner Abdur Rahim of Bangladesh Police and the officials of University of Dhaka. The raid was led by Police officer Kohinoor Mian.

## Legacy

In 2003, the first anniversary of the raid, Bangladesh Chhatra League carried out a candlelight procession at the Central Shahid Minar. Students Against Repression submitted a memorandum to vice chancellor Syed Muhammed Abul Faiz calling for action against those responsible. The day of the raid is remembered as Shamsunnahar Hall Tragedy day.
# Messenger Kids

Messenger Kids is an instant messenger introduced by Meta Platforms in December 2017, aimed at providing a secure alternative for a younger audience compared to the standard Messenger platform. Initially launched exclusively for iPad tablets running the iOS operating system in the United States, subsequent updates extended support to iPhone and Android devices, reaching additional markets such as Canada, Peru, and Mexico.
Designed with a focus on child safety, the platform allows users to register using their first and last names rather than phone numbers. Parental oversight is a key feature, encompassing identity verification and the approval of contacts. The absence of in-app purchases and advertisements, coupled with a commitment to refraining from data collection for advertising purposes, distinguishes Messenger Kids. Importantly, children's accounts remain non-searchable on Facebook, and the platform does not automatically transition a child's account into a full-fledged Facebook account upon reaching the minimum registration age of 13. Noteworthy features of Messenger Kids include augmented reality filters and lenses, as well as the inclusion of games and educational content.

## Criticism

Despite its certification under the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), the platform has faced criticism. Concerns have been raised regarding the collection of message and photo contents from minors, with particular scrutiny directed at the perceived effort to engage users in the Facebook experience from a very young age. Public figures, including the United Kingdom's Secretary of Health Jeremy Hunt, publicly criticized the initiative, expressing reservations about Facebook's involvement with younger children. Criticism also emerged from child-development experts, including pediatricians, educators, and advocacy organizations, who argued that the app appeared to be creating a need rather than addressing an existing one. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) highlighted Meta's misrepresentation of parental control capabilities, noting instances where children were able to communicate with unapproved contacts in group chats and video calls, contravening the platform's stated principles.
# Thomas Heyward Academy

Thomas Heyward Academy is a private school located in Ridgeland, South Carolina. The school, founded as a segregation academy in 1970, was named after Thomas Heyward Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation who was a native of Ridgeland. The schools nickname is The Rebels.
It offers pre-Kindergarten to 12th grade. The school is a member of the South Carolina Independent School Association (SCISA), which was founded in 1965 to provide resources for segregation academies.

## History

In 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education ordered that public schools in the United States must be open to children of all races. A group affiliated with the White Citizens Council$^{:76}$ founded a segregation academy in order to preserve segregation for white children. The school was named after Thomas Heyward Jr., an 18th century Ridgeland native who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation and a major slaveholder. The school teams play using the nickname The Rebels and the school yearbook is the Rebel Yell, which was a battle cry used by Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War.

## Policies

The school has a non-discrimination policy in the areas of race, color, national, and ethnic origin. Any student who becomes pregnant or fathers a child is immediately expelled. Corporal punishment is allowed.

## Demographics

In the 2015–2016 school year, 5 of 295 students in grades 1-12 were black. In 2018, there were 9 black students, or less than 3% out of a total enrollment of 306. For comparison, Beaufort County, South Carolina had a population that was 25% black and Jasper County, South Carolina had a population that was 43% black.

## Notable people

Paul Murdaugh, 'Rebel' varsity athlete and member of the class of 2017.
# Frederick Cockayne Elton

Frederick Cockayne Elton VC (23 April 1832 – 24 March 1888) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

Elton was born in Whitestaunton, Somerset, to Reverend William Tierney Elton and Lucy Caroline Elton, daughter of Sir Charles Abraham Elton, 6th Baronet. His paternal grandmother was Catherine Bayard, a descendant of Nicholas Bayard, Stephanus Van Cortlandt and the Schuyler family, all from British North America. Nicholas's mother was Ann Stuyvesant, who was a sister of Peter Stuyvesant.
He was 22 years old, and a Brevet Major in the 55th Regiment of Foot, British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 29 March 1855 at Sebastopol, the Crimea, Major Elton, with a small number of men, drove off a party of Russians who were destroying one of the new detached works, taking one prisoner himself. On 7 June he was the first to lead his men from the trenches. On 4 August he was in command of a working party in the advanced trenches in front of the Quarries, encouraging his men to work under very heavy fire and even used a pick and shovel himself to set an example.
Elton also received the French Legion d'Honneur and the Turkish Order of Medjidie.
# Amatul Kibria Keya Chowdhury

Amatul Kibria Keya Chowdhury is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Habiganj-1 constituency.

## Biography

Amatul Kibria Keya Chowdhury's father was Commandant Manik Chowdhury, a Bangladesh Awami League politician and an accused in the Agartala Conspiracy Case. He fought for the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971. Amatul's father died when she was eight years old. She is the secretary general of Chetona '71 in Habiganj District, a non-government organisation that documents the history of Bangladesh Liberation war. She was elected to parliament from the 28 number seat, based in Habiganj District, of the reserved seats for women in 2014. She has campaigned for the recognition of female "freedom fighters" by the government of Bangladesh and providing them with the facilities due under law. She was able to successfully get recognition for six female "freedom fighters".
Chowdhury was hospitalized on 10 November 2017 after attending a program of the Department of Social Services in Bahubal Upazila, Habiganj District, during which a physical altercation broke out between her supporters and those of Bahubal Upazila vice-chairman and Jubo League leader, Tara Mia. The program was to distribute welfare cheques and benefits cards among elderly gypsies. The police had to charge at the crowd to bring the situation under control.
# Berend Jacobsen Karpfanger

Berend Jacobsen Karpfanger (1623 - 11 October 1683) was a German admiral of the Hamburg Admiralty known for fighting pirates. He was the captain of the convoy ships Leopold I and Wapen von Hamburg, which defended merchant ships from the pirates of the North African Barbary Coast.

## Career

Karpfanger was born in Hamburg in 1623 into a seafaring family with Dutch roots. He inherited a fleet of ships from his father, captaining these and scoring significant successes in fighting piracy. His fleet of ships expanded as he commandeered the ships he captured.
In 1674, he rose to the rank of admiral, becoming a Convoykapitän. This title was given to those captains of warships who escorted merchant ships along the traderoutes of the Hanseatic League. Karpfanger first took command of the ship Leopoldus Primus, later called Leopold I, and later on Wapen von Hamburg, which launched in 1669. Commissioned in 1668 to protect the merchant ships from the Barbary corsairs, the Wapen was a 40 metres (130 ft) long warship with a total of 54 cannons, ranging from four to 18 pounds. Karpfanger took command of this ship in 1683, when Leopold I was being repaired.
Karfanger was with the ship on 10 October 1683. On that day, while the ship was in the port of Cadiz, a fire started in the bow of the frigate that spread quickly throughout the rest of the ship. The crew tried desperately to fight the fire and when they could not contain it attempted to abandon ship on sloops. Karpfanger himself refused to abandon the ship while efforts continued to save it and commanded the crew to return to further fight the fire. Around midnight, the fire reached the ship's gunpowder magazine, causing the ship to explode. Admiral Karfanger was among the dead, alongside 22 soldiers and 42 crewmen. His body was found floating on the mooring line of an English ship in the harbour the next morning. The cause of the fire was never discovered.

## Legacy

Karpfanger was buried with honor at the cemetery in Cadiz, with a monument ordered at his tomb in his honor by Charles II of Spain. In 1808 the French moved the cemetery to make room to expand the fortress.
In 1897 Hamburg honoured Karpfanger with a monument designed by R Okelmann. In 1937 the Hamburg America Line bought the barque l'Avenir and renamed it Admiral Karpfanger in his honour.
# Islam in the Netherlands Antilles

Islam is a minority religion in the Netherlands Antilles. There are about 2,500 Muslims in the Islands, 1000 of which are in the Caribbean Netherlands, or 0.31% of the population. Most Muslims are emigrants from Lebanon, Syria and Suriname.

## History

Muslims began to reach the islands during colonial times as workers (mainly as slaves and indentured labourers, from Sub-Saharan African countries then from the British India (Indian subcontinent). Then there was a wave of Muslims coming from Lebanon, Syria and Iraq as well as some indigenous people who converted to Islam. In 1982 there were about 2000 Muslims.

## Islamic centers

The majority of the Islam community is located on Curaçao where is the only mosque: Omar bin Al-Khattab Mosque, with its imam, Sheikh Yakubu Mohammed. There are other Islamic centers, including:
* Bonaire Islamic Center, Kaya Hanchi Amboina, Bonaire
* Curaçao Islamic Center, Weg Naar Welgelegen # 6, Island of Curaçao, Willemstad
* Sint Maarten Islamic Center, Puma Road 26, Philipsburg
* Muslim Gemeente Curaçao, Weg Naar Welgelegen 6, Curaçao, Willemstad
* Muslim Student Association, University Of Sint Eustatius School Of Medicine, Oranjestad, ST EUSTATIUS
* Sint Eustatius Islamic Foundation, Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius
# Nathan Quinn

Nathan Leslie Quinn (born 2 April 1986) is a rally driver from Australia. He won the Australian Rally Championship in 2017.

## Career results
### Summary

| Season | Series | Position | Car | Team |
| 2008 | Australian Rally Championship | 9th | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo V | Nathan Quinn |
| 2009 | Australian Rally Championship | 17th | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo V Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | Nathan Quinn |
| 2010 | Australian Rally Championship | 11th | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | Nathan Quinn |
| 2011 | Production World Rally Championship | 19th | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | Coffs Coast Rally Team |
| 2012 | Asia-Pacific Rally Championship | NC | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | Nathan Quinn |
| 2013 | World Rally Championship | 26th | Mini John Cooper Works WRC | Motorsport Italia |
| 2014 | Australian Rally Championship | NC | Peugeot 207 RC R3T | Nathan Quinn |
| 2015 | World Rally Championship-2 | 28th | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X | Motorsport Italia |
| 2016 | Asia-Pacific Rally Championship | NC | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | Nathan Quinn |
| 2017 | Australian Rally Championship | 1st | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | Nathan Quinn |
| 2018 | Asia-Pacific Rally Championship | 10th | Ford Fiesta R5 | Neil Allport Motorsport |
| 2021 | Australian Rally Championship | 5th | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X | Nathan Quinn |
| 2022 | Australian Rally Championship | 8th | Hyundai i20 G4 | Nathan Quinn |

### World Rally Championship results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | WDC | Points |
| 2013 | Motorsport Italia | Mini John Cooper Works WRC | MCO | SWE | MEX | POR | ARG | GRE | ITA | FIN | GER | AUS 8 | FRA | ESP | GBR | 26th | 4 |
# West End Branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

The West End Branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, located at 47 Wabash Street in the West End neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, opened on January 31, 1899. It was originally commissioned as part of Andrew Carnegie's first grant to Pittsburgh and was the third library in the Pittsburgh city system to open, following the Main Branch and the Lawrenceville Branch.
It was the eighth Carnegie funded library to open in America and only the second to have the new revolutionary policy of open or self-service shelves. The first with open shelves was Pittsburgh's Lawrenceville Branch, the sixth Carnegie library to open in America. The first five libraries to open in America, as well as the seventh, Carnegie Library of Homestead, were originally closed stack libraries where a clerk was used to fetch books for the patrons.
The West End Branch was added to the List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations on July 28, 2004.
# Saudi Third Division

The Saudi Third Division league (TDL), is a football league, the fourth tier of the Saudi Arabian football league system.

## History

The Saudi FF created a new league called the Third Division League, consisting of 32 teams, and divided into four regional groups, starting from the 2021–22 season. Finally, at the level of local competitions affiliated with the Saudi Football Association, the federation announced the change of the third division to the fourth division league.
Al-Suqoor, now known as Neom, were the first champions.
Teams that took part in the first edition
| Teams | City | Region |
| Al-Amjad | Sabya | Jazan |
| Al-Anwar | Hotat Bani Tamim | Riyadh |
| Al-Bateen | Dhurma | Riyadh |
| Al-Dera'a | Dawadmi | Riyadh |
| Al-Entelaq | Sakakah | Al-Jawf |
| Al-Fao | As Sulayyil | Riyadh |
| Al-Fursan | Sarat Ubaida | Asir |
| Al-Hejaz | Baljurashi | Al Bahah |
| Al-Houra | Umluj | Tabuk |
| Al-Jubail | Jubail | Eastern Province |
| Al-Mujazzal | Al Majma'ah | Riyadh |
| Al-Noor | Qatif | Eastern Province |
| Al-Omran | Al-Ahsa | Eastern Province |
| Al-Qala | Sakakah | Al-Jawf |
| Al-Qawarah | Buraidah | Al-Qassim |
| Al-Qotah | Mawqaq | Ha'il |
| Al-Qous | Al-Khurmah | Mecca |
| Al-Selmiyah | Al-Kharj | Riyadh |
| Al-Shaeib | Huraymila | Riyadh |
| Al-Shaheed | Muhayil | Asir |
| Al-Suqoor | Tabuk, Saudi Arabia | Tabuk |
| Al-Ula | Al-'Ula | Medina |
| Al-Watani | Tabuk, Saudi Arabia | Tabuk |
| Baish | Baish | Jazan |
| Jerash | Ahad Rafidah | Asir |
| Kumait | Marat | Al-Riyadh |
| Mudhar | Qatif | Eastern Province |
| Qaryat Al-Ulya | Qaryat al-Ulya | Eastern Province |
| Qilwah | Qilwah | Al-Bahah |
| Radwa | Yanbu | Medina |
| Sajir | Sajir | Riyadh |
| Sharurah | Sharurah | Najran |

## Competition format

The 4 group winners would get promoted to the Saudi Second Division. In addition, the 4 best runners-up would face each other in the promotion play-offs to earn promotion to the Second Division. The bottom 4 teams are relegated to the Fourth Division.

## Champions

| Season | Champion | Runners-up |
| 2021–22 | Al-Suqoor | Al-Qous |
| 2022–23 | Mudhar | Al-Noor |
| 2023–24 | Al-Ula | Al-Anwar |

## Top scorers

| Season | Player | Goals | Club |
| 2021–22 | Hamed Al-Shammeri | 12 | Qaryah Al-Ulya |
| 2022–23 | Abdulaziz Al-Merdasi | 12 | Afif |
| 2023–24 | Slim Mezlini | 14 | Al-Eetemad |

## Broadcasters

Since the 2024–25 season
| Country | Broadcaster | Ref. |
| Worldwide | SAFF+ | |
# Sørvágsvatn

Leitisvatn is the largest lake in the Faroe Islands. It is situated on the island of Vágar between the municipalities of Sørvágur and Vágar. Its area is 3.4 km$^2$ (1.3 sq mi), more than three times the size of Fjallavatn, the second largest lake, also located on Vágar.

## Name

Among the locals, there is disagreement regarding the name of the lake. The inhabitants of Sørvágur to the west prefer Sørvágsvatn, which means "the lake by Sørvágur". The inhabitants of Miðvágur and Sandavágur to the east prefer Leitisvatn, which means "the lake by Leiti", referring to the territory on the east side of it.
The village of Miðvágur is closer to the lake than Sørvágur, but the latter is considered to have been settled earlier. Sørvágur —alongside Bøur and Sandavágur—is considered one of the three original settlements on Vágar. These divided the land on the island into three equal regions of 60 marks, which would place the lake within Sørvágur's region.
The locals mostly refer to it as Vatnið ("the lake"), which is understood to refer to that body of water. The debate occurs mostly when people from other parts of the Faroes refer to the lake by one of its given names.

## Geography

The lake is located very close to the ocean, but its surface is about 40 m (130 ft) above the sea level. It is surrounded by a higher cliff which prevents it from emptying fully into the ocean, the waterfall Bøsdalafossur being the outlet. The greater height of the cliffs on either side of Bøsdalafossur can give the illusion from certain perspectives that the lake is higher above sea level than it is.

## History

During World War II, the British army built an airfield (now Vágar Airport) to the west of the lake. They also built a station to support seaplanes. The first aircraft to land on the lake was a Catalina from RAF Coastal Command, in 1941.

## Places and names

* Trælanípan
* Oyrar
* Bøsdalafossur
* Sjatlá
* Sálarbótsá

## Tourism

There are opportunities for fishing brown trout on the lake. In the summer of 2005, a local initiative was set up for boat excursions on it.
# Scots Confession

The Scots Confession (also called the Scots Confession of 1560) is a Confession of Faith written in 1560 by six leaders of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. The text of the Confession was the first subordinate standard for the Protestant church in Scotland. Along with the Book of Discipline and the Book of Common Order, this is considered to be a formational document for the Church of Scotland during the time.
In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland agreed to reform the religion of the country. To enable them to decide what the Reformed Faith was to be, they set John Knox as the superintendent over John Winram, John Spottiswood, John Willock, John Douglas, and John Row, known hereafter as "The Six Johns", to prepare a Confession of Faith. This they did in four days. The 25 Chapters of the Confession spell out a contemporary statement of the Christian faith as understood by the followers of John Calvin during his lifetime. Although the Confession and its accompanying documents were the product of the joint effort of the Six Johns, its authorship is customarily attributed to John Knox.
While the Parliament approved the Confession on 27 August 1560, acting outside the terms of the Treaty of Edinburgh to do so, Mary, Queen of Scots, a Roman Catholic, refused to agree, and the Confession was not approved by the monarch until 1567, after Mary's overthrow. It remained the Confession of the Church of Scotland until it was superseded by the Westminster Confession of Faith on 27 August 1647. However, the confession itself begins by stating that the Parliament "ratifeit and apprevit [the confession] as wholesome and sound doctrine grounded upon the infallible truth of God's word"; thus, though changes within societies may have diminished its relevance, believers hold that the authority of its statements is rooted not in parliamentary approval but in, as it says, "the infallible truth of God's word".
In 1967, it was included in the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.'s Book of Confessions alongside various other confessional standards, and remains in the current Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)'s Book of Confessions.
As the Confession of Faith Ratification Act 1560, the Confession remains part of Scots law.
# Khitish Chandra Mondal

Khitish Chandra Mondal (13 October 1939 – 9 March 2020) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician. He served as the minister of state for relief and rehabilitation in the third Sheikh Mujib cabinet.

## Birth and early life

Khitish Chandra Mondal was born on 13 October 1939 in Pirojpur District.

## Death

Khitish Chandra Mondal died on 9 March 2020.
# Mockbul Hossain

Mockbul Hossain (c. 1950 – 24 May 2020) was a Bangladeshi Businessman and Politician. He served as a Member of Parliament representing the Dhaka-9 constituency. He was also Advisory Council Member of Bangladesh Awami League.

## Early life and education

Hossain was born c. 1950 in Bikrampur. He earned his MA and LLB degrees from the University of Dhaka.

## Career

Mockbul Hossain was a Member of Advisory Council of Bangladesh Awami League. He was elected to parliament from Dhaka-9 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in June 1996.

## Awards

* Bangladesh Development Sangsad Gold Medal Award

## Personal life and death

Hossain died while undergoing treatment for COVID-19 at Combined Military Hospital on 24 May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
# Jannatul Ferdous (politician)

Jannatul Ferdous (c. 1938 – 1 February 2012) was a Bangladeshi teacher and politician from Pabna belonging to the Bangladesh Awami League. She was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad.

## Biography

Ferdous was an assistant teacher of Pabna Government Girls' High School. Later, she joined Pabna Government Women's College and worked there from 1974 to 1995. She was elected as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from Reserved Women's Seat-5 in the June 1996 Bangladeshi general election.
Ferdous was married to Amjad Hossain. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad too. They had two daughters and one son.
Ferdous died on 1 February 2012 at the age of 74.