# Willacy County, Texas

Willacy County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,164. Its county seat is Raymondville. The county was created in 1911 and organized the next year.
Willacy County comprises the Raymondville micropolitan statistical area, which is included in the Brownsville-Harlingen-Raymondville combined statistical area, which itself is part of the larger Rio Grande Valley region.

## History

Willacy County was formed in 1911 from parts of Cameron and Hidalgo Counties, and originally included what is now Kenedy County; it was named for state senator John G. Willacy. Kenedy was split from Willacy in 1921, when the long-settled ranchers of the northern (Kenedy) part of the county sought to separate from the newly arrived farmers of the southern part.
The Bermuda onion was introduced to Willacy County in 1912. It grew well and slowly displaced ranchland in the southern part of the county, becoming the most important crop. For many years, the town of Raymondville held an annual Onion Festival, using the tag line, "The Breath of a Nation". In 1940, the first oil wells were sunk in the county's Willamar Oil Field; today, oil production is a major part of the local economy, although increasingly eclipsed by natural gas. Also in the 1940s, sorghum was introduced to the county, gradually displacing cotton and other crops. Cattle ranching remains a substantial economic activity, as well.
In the early 2010s, wind turbines began to be built in the rural part of the county east of U.S. Highway 77, a number expanded later in 2020. The turbines became an icon to the county's identity, with their being visible from northern Cameron County and eastern Hidalgo County. Power-line infrastructure was also improved in this period.
In recent years, the county has come under scrutiny for police deaths with two in custody deaths in two years. In 2023, the county paid $1,000,000.00 to the family of John Ray Zamora after Zamora died in custody according to attorney Israel G. Perez III.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 784 sq mi (2,030 km$^2$), of which 194 square miles (500 km$^2$) (25%) are covered by water. The county borders the Gulf of Mexico.

### Major highways

* Interstate 69E/U.S. Highway 77
* State Highway 186
* Farm to Market Road 498

### Adjacent counties

* Kenedy County (north)
* Cameron County (south)
* Hidalgo County (west)

### National protected areas

* Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge (part)
* Padre Island National Seashore (part)

## Demographics

Willacy County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 2,350 | 2,235 | 1,805 | 11.70% | 10.10% | 8.95% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 401 | 389 | 445 | 2.00% | 1.76% | 2.21% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 24 | 22 | 47 | 0.12% | 0.10% | 0.23% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 21 | 134 | 160 | 0.10% | 0.61% | 0.79% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.01% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 14 | 9 | 34 | 0.07% | 0.04% | 0.17% |
| Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH) | 63 | 47 | 60 | 0.31% | 0.21% | 0.30% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 17,209 | 19,297 | 17,611 | 85.69% | 87.18% | 87.34% |
| Total | 20,082 | 22,134 | 20,164 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2010 United States Census, 22,134 people, 5,764 households, and 4,607 families were living in the county. Of all households, 46.0% had children under 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder no wife, and 20.1% were not families. About 32.9% of all households contained an individual who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.28, and the average family size was 3.73.
Of the population, 85.8% of residents were White (10.1% non-Hispanic white), 2.1% Black or African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 9.3% of some other race and 1.8% of two or more races. 87.2% of residents were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).
In the county, the age distribution was 26.8% under 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $22,881, and for a family was $25,399. The per capita income for the county was $10,800. 39.4% of families and 43.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.5% of those under age 18 and 38.3% of those age 65 or over. The county's per-capita income makes it among the poorest counties in the United States.

## Education

School districts that serve Willacy County include:
* Lasara Independent School District
* Lyford Consolidated Independent School District
* Raymondville Independent School District
* San Perlita Independent School District
In addition, residents are allowed to apply for magnet schools operated by the South Texas Independent School District.
All of the county is in the service area of Texas Southmost College.

## Media

* Raymondville Chronicle & Willacy County News – Official Site
* KFRQ 94.5FM – Official Site
* KKPS 99.5FM – Official Site Archived May 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
* KNVO 101.1FM – Official Site
* KVLY 107.9FM – Official Site

## Prisons

Raymondville is the location of three private prisons, all adjacent to each other:
* the Willacy County Correctional Center (closed 2015)
* the Willacy County Regional Detention Center
* and Willacy County State Jail

## Politics

Like most majority-Hispanic counties in the Rio Grande Valley, Willacy is a staunchly Democratic county. However, in recent years the county has voted increasingly more Republican, keeping up with the trend of other counties in the Rio Grande Valley. Republican candidate Donald Trump would win the county in the 2024 presidential election. The only other times the county voted for the Republican candidate were in 1972 with Richard Nixon and Dwight D. Eisenhower's victories in 1952 and 1956.
United States presidential election results for Willacy County, Texas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 2,856 | 51.34% | 2,673 | 48.05% | 34 | 0.61% |
| 2020 | 2,441 | 43.67% | 3,108 | 55.60% | 41 | 0.73% |
| 2016 | 1,547 | 30.36% | 3,422 | 67.16% | 126 | 2.47% |
| 2012 | 1,416 | 27.96% | 3,600 | 71.09% | 48 | 0.95% |
| 2008 | 1,456 | 29.70% | 3,409 | 69.53% | 38 | 0.78% |
| 2004 | 2,209 | 44.52% | 2,734 | 55.10% | 19 | 0.38% |
| 2000 | 1,789 | 35.34% | 3,218 | 63.57% | 55 | 1.09% |
| 1996 | 1,332 | 24.62% | 3,789 | 70.02% | 290 | 5.36% |
| 1992 | 1,490 | 27.04% | 3,359 | 60.96% | 661 | 12.00% |
| 1988 | 1,750 | 35.43% | 3,165 | 64.07% | 25 | 0.51% |
| 1984 | 2,340 | 43.41% | 3,037 | 56.33% | 14 | 0.26% |
| 1980 | 1,995 | 39.06% | 3,047 | 59.65% | 66 | 1.29% |
| 1976 | 1,542 | 33.84% | 2,984 | 65.48% | 31 | 0.68% |
| 1972 | 2,317 | 62.12% | 1,384 | 37.10% | 29 | 0.78% |
| 1968 | 1,243 | 34.17% | 1,930 | 53.05% | 465 | 12.78% |
| 1964 | 1,230 | 36.30% | 2,152 | 63.52% | 6 | 0.18% |
| 1960 | 1,367 | 39.20% | 2,109 | 60.48% | 11 | 0.32% |
| 1956 | 1,656 | 56.17% | 1,261 | 42.77% | 31 | 1.05% |
| 1952 | 2,244 | 62.79% | 1,324 | 37.05% | 6 | 0.17% |
| 1948 | 676 | 35.14% | 1,139 | 59.20% | 109 | 5.67% |
| 1944 | 754 | 43.41% | 846 | 48.70% | 137 | 7.89% |
| 1940 | 740 | 38.54% | 1,173 | 61.09% | 7 | 0.36% |
| 1936 | 376 | 26.88% | 1,002 | 71.62% | 21 | 1.50% |
| 1932 | 259 | 19.89% | 1,042 | 80.03% | 1 | 0.08% |
| 1928 | 389 | 49.55% | 396 | 50.45% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 110 | 25.35% | 307 | 70.74% | 17 | 3.92% |
| 1920 | 9 | 14.52% | 53 | 85.48% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 10 | 8.33% | 110 | 91.67% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1912 | 5 | 4.67% | 102 | 95.33% | 0 | 0.00% |

## Communities
### Cities

* Lyford
* Raymondville (county seat)
* San Perlita

### Census-designated places

* Lasara
* Los Angeles
* Port Mansfield
* Ranchette Estates
* Santa Monica
* Sebastian
* Zapata Ranch

### Unincorporated community

* Lyford South