# Sutter County, California

Sutter County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 99,633. The county seat is Yuba City. Sutter County is included in the Yuba City, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Sacramento-Roseville, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is located along the Sacramento River in the Sacramento Valley.

## History

The Maidu were the people living in the area of Sutter County when European settlers arrived.
Sutter County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county were given to Placer County in 1852.
Sutter County is named after John Augustus Sutter, a German native born to Swiss parents. He was one of the first Europeans to recognize the Sacramento Valley for its potential in agriculture. His Hock Farm, established in 1841 on the Feather River just south of present-day Yuba City, was the site of the first major farm in the Central Valley, and used extensive slave labor from Natives in order to function.
Sutter obtained the Rancho New Helvetia Mexican land grant, and called his first settlement New Helvetia (which included the present day city of Sacramento). In 1850, Sutter retired to Hock Farm when the gold rush led to him losing his holdings in Sacramento.
Sutter County is the birthplace (Yuba City, 1858) of John Joseph Montgomery, who was the first American to successfully pilot a heavier-than-air craft, 20 years before the Wright Brothers, and who held the first patent for an "aeroplane."
In the 1890s, Sutter County was one of the two prohibition counties in California; the other was Riverside County. Both outlawed saloons and sale or consumption of alcohol in public.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 608 square miles (1,570 km$^2$), of which 602 square miles (1,560 km$^2$) is land and 6.1 square miles (16 km$^2$), comprising 1.0%, is water. It is the fourth-smallest county in California by total area. Some 88 percent of the county is prime farmland and grazing land.
Sutter County is home to the Sutter Buttes, known as the "World's Smallest Mountain Range." This volcanic formation provides relief to the otherwise seemingly flat Sacramento Valley.
Bordered by the Sacramento River on the west and the Feather River on the east, Sutter County has 240 miles (390 km) of levees. The Sutter Bypass, which diverts flood waters from the Sacramento River, cuts through the heart of Sutter County.

### Adjacent counties

* Butte County - north
* Yuba County - east
* Placer County - southeast
* Sacramento County - south
* Yolo County - southwest
* Colusa County - west

### National protected areas

* Butte Sink National Wildlife Refuge (part)
* Sutter National Wildlife Refuge
Sutter County also has the State Feather River Wildlife Area, consisting of the Nelson Slough, O'Connor Lakes, Abbott Lake, Shanghai Bend, and Morse Road Units in Sutter County. Also, a 1,795-acre (7.26 km$^2$) State Park in the Sutter Buttes. In addition, there are the state public trust lands of the Feather, Bear and Sacramento rivers as well as smaller streams including Butte Creek and Butte Slough.

## Transportation
### Major highways

* State Route 20
* State Route 70
* State Route 99
* State Route 113

### Public transportation

Yuba Sutter Transit operates local bus service, as well as commuter runs to Downtown Sacramento. The Amtrak Thruway 3 bus also provides daily connections to/from Sacramento.

### Airports

Sutter County Airport is a general aviation airport located just south of Yuba City. The closest major airport is in Sacramento.

## Politics
### Voter registration statistics

Population and registered voters :
| Total population | 94,192 | 94,192 |
| Registered voters | 41,760 | 44.3% |
| Democratic | 13,557 | 32.5% |
| Republican | 18,571 | 44.5% |
| Democratic–Republican spread | -5,014 | -12.0% |
| American Independent | 1,328 | 3.2% |
| Green | 117 | 0.3% |
| Libertarian | 224 | 0.5% |
| Peace and Freedom | 124 | 0.3% |
| Americans Elect | 1 | 0.0% |
| Other | 550 | 1.3% |
| No party preference | 7,288 | 17.5% |

#### Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration :
| City | Population | Registered voters | Democratic | Republican | D–R spread | Other | No party preference |
| Live Oak | 8,244 | 35.9% | 44.5% | 29.9% | +14.6% | 8.9% | 19.6% |
| Yuba City | 64,224 | 42.6% | 34.2% | 41.3% | -7.1% | 9.2% | 18.7% |

### Overview

Sutter is a strongly Republican county in presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win the county was Franklin Roosevelt in 1940. It was the only county in the whole state to give a majority to George H. W. Bush in 1992.
United States presidential election results for Sutter County, California :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 25,372 | 64.50% | 13,016 | 33.09% | 951 | 2.42% |
| 2020 | 24,375 | 57.16% | 17,367 | 40.73% | 902 | 2.12% |
| 2016 | 18,176 | 53.74% | 13,076 | 38.66% | 2,572 | 7.60% |
| 2012 | 18,122 | 58.30% | 12,192 | 39.22% | 769 | 2.47% |
| 2008 | 18,911 | 57.27% | 13,412 | 40.62% | 698 | 2.11% |
| 2004 | 20,254 | 67.19% | 9,602 | 31.85% | 289 | 0.96% |
| 2000 | 17,350 | 65.31% | 8,416 | 31.68% | 798 | 3.00% |
| 1996 | 14,264 | 57.64% | 8,504 | 34.37% | 1,977 | 7.99% |
| 1992 | 12,956 | 50.10% | 7,883 | 30.48% | 5,021 | 19.42% |
| 1988 | 14,100 | 67.47% | 6,557 | 31.38% | 241 | 1.15% |
| 1984 | 14,477 | 71.23% | 5,535 | 27.24% | 311 | 1.53% |
| 1980 | 11,778 | 63.47% | 5,103 | 27.50% | 1,676 | 9.03% |
| 1976 | 8,745 | 54.21% | 6,966 | 43.18% | 420 | 2.60% |
| 1972 | 10,224 | 62.45% | 5,409 | 33.04% | 739 | 4.51% |
| 1968 | 8,665 | 59.57% | 4,624 | 31.79% | 1,256 | 8.64% |
| 1964 | 7,241 | 51.56% | 6,787 | 48.33% | 16 | 0.11% |
| 1960 | 7,520 | 62.91% | 4,379 | 36.63% | 55 | 0.46% |
| 1956 | 6,327 | 62.79% | 3,673 | 36.45% | 77 | 0.76% |
| 1952 | 7,053 | 67.31% | 3,382 | 32.27% | 44 | 0.42% |
| 1948 | 3,913 | 52.47% | 3,362 | 45.08% | 183 | 2.45% |
| 1944 | 3,111 | 49.99% | 3,083 | 49.54% | 29 | 0.47% |
| 1940 | 3,089 | 42.06% | 4,195 | 57.11% | 61 | 0.83% |
| 1936 | 1,613 | 28.11% | 4,019 | 70.04% | 106 | 1.85% |
| 1932 | 1,392 | 25.74% | 3,807 | 70.41% | 208 | 3.85% |
| 1928 | 2,239 | 53.98% | 1,875 | 45.20% | 34 | 0.82% |
| 1924 | 1,617 | 49.92% | 367 | 11.33% | 1,255 | 38.75% |
| 1920 | 1,862 | 70.32% | 636 | 24.02% | 150 | 5.66% |
| 1916 | 1,211 | 42.00% | 1,543 | 53.52% | 129 | 4.47% |
| 1912 | 5 | 0.24% | 1,063 | 51.65% | 990 | 48.10% |
| 1908 | 896 | 54.94% | 652 | 39.98% | 83 | 5.09% |
| 1904 | 872 | 60.81% | 488 | 34.03% | 74 | 5.16% |
| 1900 | 819 | 54.93% | 642 | 43.06% | 30 | 2.01% |
| 1896 | 796 | 51.89% | 713 | 46.48% | 25 | 1.63% |
| 1892 | 745 | 47.27% | 735 | 46.64% | 96 | 6.09% |
In the United States House of Representatives, Sutter County is in California's 3rd congressional district, represented by Republican Kevin Kiley.
In the California State Legislature, the county is in the 4th Senate District, represented by Republican Marie Alvarado-Gil, and the 3rd Assembly District, represented by Republican James Gallagher.
On November 4, 2008, Sutter County voted 70.7% for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.

## Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
Population and crime rates :
| Population | 94,192 | 94,192 |
| Violent crime | 316 | 3.35 |
| Homicide | 1 | 0.01 |
| Forcible rape | 24 | 0.25 |
| Robbery | 54 | 0.57 |
| Aggravated assault | 237 | 2.52 |
| Property crime | 1,038 | 11.02 |
| Burglary | 446 | 4.74 |
| Larceny-theft | 1,474 | 15.65 |
| Motor vehicle theft | 201 | 2.13 |
| Arson | 11 | 0.12 |

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Sutter County, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 47,532 | 47,782 | 41,366 | 60.22% | 50.44% | 41.52% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 1,418 | 1,713 | 1,774 | 1.8% | 1.81% | 1.78% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 940 | 925 | 862 | 1.19% | 0.98% | 0.87% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 8,771 | 13,442 | 18,014 | 11.11% | 14.19% | 18.08% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 142 | 256 | 279 | 0.18% | 0.27% | 0.28% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 190 | 190 | 611 | 0.24% | 0.20% | 0.61% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 2,408 | 3,178 | 5,159 | 3.05% | 3.35% | 5.18% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 17,529 | 28,251 | 31,568 | 22.21% | 28.76% | 31.68% |
| Total | 78,930 | 94,737 | 99,633 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2011

Population, race, and income :
| Total population | 94,192 | 94,192 |
| White | 61,951 | 65.8% |
| Black or African American | 1,800 | 1.9% |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1,428 | 1.5% |
| Asian | 13,029 | 13.8% |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 290 | 0.3% |
| Some other race | 10,267 | 10.9% |
| Two or more races | 5,427 | 5.8% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 26,642 | 28.3% |
| Per capita income | $22,464 | $22,464 |
| Median household income | $50,010 | $50,010 |
| Median family income | $54,737 | $54,737 |

#### Places by population, race, and income

Places by population and race :
| Place | Type | Population | White | Other | Asian | Black or African American | Native American | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| East Nicolaus | CDP | 301 | 36.9% | 46.5% | 16.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 46.5% |
| Live Oak | City | 8,244 | 58.4% | 30.7% | 8.3% | 0.4% | 2.2% | 50.3% |
| Meridian | CDP | 485 | 97.3% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 17.5% |
| Nicolaus | CDP | 183 | 81.4% | 4.4% | 13.1% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Rio Oso | CDP | 349 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 15.2% |
| Robbins | CDP | 285 | 82.1% | 16.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 54.0% |
| Sutter | CDP | 2,892 | 88.1% | 9.2% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 1.8% | 9.0% |
| Trowbridge | CDP | 112 | 95.5% | 4.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Yuba City | City | 64,224 | 62.2% | 16.2% | 17.3% | 2.4% | 1.9% | 28.5% |
Places by population and income :
| Place | Type | Population | Per capita income | Median household income | Median family income |
| East Nicolaus | CDP | 301 | $18,776 | $32,813 | $40,833 |
| Live Oak | City | 8,244 | $16,052 | $41,773 | $40,919 |
| Meridian | CDP | 485 | $30,530 | $53,125 | $77,500 |
| Nicolaus | CDP | 183 | $35,223 | $75,000 | $100,000 |
| Rio Oso | CDP | 349 | $32,149 | $85,750 | $90,357 |
| Robbins | CDP | 285 | $22,532 | $55,625 | $55,268 |
| Sutter | CDP | 2,892 | $28,772 | $62,708 | $76,667 |
| Trowbridge | CDP | 112 | $33,904 | $60,833 | $62,083 |
| Yuba City | City | 64,224 | $21,566 | $48,830 | $53,818 |

### 2010

The 2010 United States census reported that Sutter County had a population of 94,737. The racial makeup of Sutter County was 57,749 (61.0%) White, 1,919 (2.0%) African American, 1,365 (1.4%) Native American, 13,663 (14.4%) Asian, 281 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 14,463 (15.3%) from other races, and 5,297 (5.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27,251 persons (28.8%).
Population reported at 2010 United States census :
| The County | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Sutter County | 94,737 | 57,749 | 1,919 | 1,365 | 13,663 | 281 | 14,463 | 5,297 | 27,251 |
| Incorporated cities | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Live Oak | 8,392 | 4,491 | 138 | 130 | 978 | 17 | 2,173 | 465 | 4,093 |
| Yuba City | 64,925 | 37,382 | 1,591 | 909 | 11,190 | 228 | 9,772 | 3,853 | 18,413 |
| Census-designated places | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| East Nicolaus | 225 | 159 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 41 | 5 | 49 |
| Meridian | 358 | 268 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 23 | 85 |
| Nicolaus | 211 | 186 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 13 |
| Rio Oso | 356 | 274 | 5 | 7 | 26 | 1 | 32 | 11 | 53 |
| Robbins | 323 | 208 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 94 | 7 | 181 |
| Sutter | 2,904 | 2,503 | 16 | 54 | 30 | 1 | 160 | 140 | 410 |
| Trowbridge | 226 | 167 | 3 | 5 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 11 | 38 |
| Other unincorporated areas | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| All others not CDPs (combined) | 16,817 | 12,111 | 163 | 243 | 1,385 | 34 | 2,108 | 773 | 3,916 |

### 2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 78,930 people, 27,033 households, and 19,950 families residing in the county. The population density was 131 inhabitants per square mile (51/km$^2$). There were 28,319 housing units at an average density of 47 per square mile (18/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 67.5% White, 1.9% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 11.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 13.0% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. 22.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 10.3% were of German, 9.0% American, 7.1% English and 6.1% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. 70.3% spoke English, 17.9% Spanish and 9.3% Punjabi as their first language.
There were 27,033 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 21.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.35.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $38,375, and the median income for a family was $44,330. Males had a median income of $35,723 versus $25,778 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,428. About 12.1% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Media

Sutter County is in the Sacramento television market, and thus receives Sacramento media.

## Communities
### Cities

* Live Oak
* Yuba City (county seat)

### Census-designated places

* East Nicolaus
* Meridian
* Nicolaus
* Rio Oso
* Robbins
* Sutter
* Trowbridge

### Unincorporated communities

* Encinal
* Pleasant Grove
* South Yuba City
* Tierra Buena
* Tudor
* Wilson

### Proposed town

* Sutter Pointe

### Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Sutter County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2010 Census) |
| 1 | † Yuba City | City | 64,925 |
| 2 | Live Oak | City | 8,392 |
| 3 | Sutter | CDP | 2,904 |
| 4 | Meridian | CDP | 358 |
| 5 | Rio Oso | CDP | 356 |
| 6 | Robbins | CDP | 323 |
| 7 | Trowbridge | CDP | 226 |
| 8 | East Nicolaus | CDP | 225 |
| 9 | Nicolaus | CDP | 211 |