OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1956 Republican National Convention

The 1956 Republican National Convention was held by the Republican Party of the United States at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California, from August 20 to August 23, 1956. U.S. Senator William F. Knowland was temporary chairman and former speaker of the House Joseph W. Martin Jr. served as permanent chairman. It renominated President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard M. Nixon as the party's candidates for the 1956 presidential election.
On August 23, 1956, singer Nat King Cole spoke at the Republican Convention.

## Convention scheduling

The 1956 Republican convention was held after that year's Democratic National Convention. This was unusual, as since 1864, in every election but 1888, Democrats had held their convention second. It has become an informal tradition that the party holding the White House (which, accordingly, in 1956 had been the Republican Party) hosts their convention second, but it is unclear when this tradition began (Democrats had held the White House and held their conventions second between 1936 and 1952, but it is unclear whether they scheduled their conventions second in these years because of their White House incumbency, or whether they scheduled them second because it was traditional that Democratic National Conventions had been held after the Republican National Convention).

## Presidential nomination
### Presidential candidates

* President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania
President Eisenhower was unanimously re-nominated by the Republican delegates for President of the United States.
Presidential Balloting :
| Candidate | 1st |
| Eisenhower | 1,323 |
Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (August 22, 1956)
* 1st Presidential Ballot

## Vice Presidential nomination
### Vice Presidential candidates

* Vice President Richard Nixon from California (1953-1961)
Eisenhower had considered other running mates, but with his health a concern, he ultimately decided that Vice President Richard Nixon was best prepared to assume the presidency. By the time of the convention, a unanimous renomination for Nixon was expected until one renegade delegate, former Democratic Congressman and perennial candidate Terry Carpenter, decided to place in nomination for Vice President a man named Joe Smith, from Carpenter's own Terrytown, Nebraska. When asked who Joe Smith was at the 1956 convention, Carpenter mysteriously replied, "Oh, he is a symbol of an open convention, in that sense of the word." It was eventually revealed that there was no such man, and that his nomination was a protest against the perceived political theater of the closed 1956 Republican National Convention. Carpenter ultimately did cast his one dissenting vote for Vice President for Joe Smith.
Vice Presidential Balloting :
| Candidate | 1st |
| Nixon | 1,322 |
| Smith | 1 |
Vice Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (August 22, 1956)
* 1st Vice Presidential Ballot
# Md. Ziaul Haque Mridha

Md. Ziaul Haque Mridha (Bengali: মোঃ জিয়াউল হক মৃধা) is a Jatiya Party politician and the former Member of Parliament from Brahmanbaria-2.

## Early life

Mridha was born on 1 January 1952. He has a B.A. and a law degree.

## Career

Mridha was elected to parliament in 2008 for the Brahmanbaria-2 constituency as a Jatiya Party candidate. In the 2014 Bangladeshi general election, Sheuly Azad, the Awami League nominee for Brahmanbaria-2, withdrew on instructions from party leader Sheikh Hasina, so as to support the party's coalition partner, the Jatiya Party. Mrida was re-elected on 5 January 2014. He did not receive the nomination for the 2018 election and contested it as an independent candidate.
# Linconia

Linconia was the name of a proposed Central American colony suggested by Republican United States Senator Samuel Pomeroy of Kansas in 1862, after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln asked the Senator and United States Secretary of the Interior Caleb Smith to work on a plan to resettle freed African Americans from the United States.

## Background

Since his early political career, Abraham Lincoln had supported the American Colonization Society, a controversial group whose goal was the removal of free blacks from the United States. It, and its state affiliates, starting in the 1820s began settlements in West Africa that would eventually unite to form Liberia. Similarly to Linconia, the name of Liberia's capital Monrovia was derived from the name of the fifth President of the United States James Monroe.
Lincoln desired to return former slaves to Africa or other tropical regions, with their consent and the accord of the authorities of the country where they were to be settled. He repeated his support for colonization numerous times, including during the American Civil War.

## The plan

By 1862, Lincoln had decided that Chiriquí Province, at the time part of the Granadine Confederation but today in Panama, would be an ideal location to start a colony where black people, especially freedmen, could lead better lives than they could in the United States. In August of that year, he invited a group of prominent Africans to the White House to discuss the plan. He stated that the area had "evidence of very rich coal mines...[and] among the finest [harbors] in the world." African Americans, including Frederick Douglass, were in general firmly opposed to emigration, and the delegation similarly reacted negatively. Later that month, The National Republican published an editorial with the title "The Colony of Linconia", which stated that "the necessary arrangements for founding a colony on a grand scale...have been completed", with the project being headed by Senator Pomeroy. Pomeroy proposed that 100 African families travel with him to the site as "pioneers" on October 1. In September, Pomeroy received the permission of the Chiriquí government and landowner Ambrose W. Thompson of the Chiriquí Improvement Company.
However, the Central American nations of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras felt threatened, and informed Washington that they opposed this plan. Costa Rica had territorial claims in Chiriquí, and made a formal complaint. The "representatives of Central America" also considered Pomeroy's plan to be an example of filibustering, "à la Walker". United States Secretary of State William H. Seward informed these nations that no plan would continue without their consent, but Lincoln continued to push the plan forward. By late September, after being advised by Seward of the growing international outrage from the Central American nations, Lincoln decided to abandon the idea, angering Pomeroy, who had already found 500 "pioneers."
# Stovner

Stovner (traditionally pronounced Stomner) is a borough located to the far north east of the city of Oslo, Norway. Historically, Stovner was the name of a farm in the municipal borough "Østre Aker". Østre Aker merged with Oslo in 1948, both instigated and followed by a massive expansion of the city settlement. Today's Stovner borough is constructed atop the home fields of the Stovner farm, the first record of which dates back to the 14th century, as well as on the fields of several other farms that were situated in the area covered by the borough. The bulk of the modern high-rise structures were built by Selvaag and completed in the first half of the 1970s, together with several schools, a subway line into central Oslo, and an administrative center for the borough. The last three stations of Grorudbanen — Rommen, Stovner and Vestli — are in the Stovner borough.
Stovner is the borough in Oslo and Norway with the highest density of immigrants. The proportion of newborns with an immigrant background was per. 2017 at 80%.

## Notable people

* Petter Skogsletten (born 1993), professional football coach
# Breda–Eindhoven railway

The Breda–Eindhoven railway is an important railway line in the Netherlands running from Breda railway station to Eindhoven railway station, passing through Tilburg railway station and Boxtel railway station. The line was opened between 1863 and 1866. It is part of the Staatslijn "E".

## Stations

The main interchange stations on the Breda–Eindhoven railway are:
* Breda: to Roosendaal and Rotterdam
* Tilburg: to 's-Hertogenbosch and Nijmegen
* Boxtel: to 's-Hertogenbosch
* Eindhoven: to 's-Hertogenbosch, Utrecht, Venlo and Maastricht
# People of the Year Awards

The People of the Year Awards was an annual award show in Ireland. Organised by the Rehab Group, it was televised by Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ).
The Awards provided a unique opportunity for the Irish public to honour outstanding contributions made by individuals and organisations to life in Ireland.
The 2018 edition took place on Sunday 15 April and was hosted by Gráinne Seoige and Aidan Power. No ceremony was planned for 2019.

## Notable winners

* Adrian Donohoe
* Ifrah Ahmed
* Willie Bermingham
* Maeve Binchy
* Panti Bliss
* Mary Dunlop
* Bob Geldof
* Veronica Guerin
* Pádraig Harrington
* Seamus Heaney
* Christy Moore
* John Hume
* Brian Keenan
* Ronan Kerr
* Rory McIlroy
* George J. Mitchell
* Mo Mowlam
* Daráine Mulvihill
* Niall Quinn
* Keith Duffy
* Nuala O'Loan
* John O'Shea (humanitarian)
* Joe Dolan
* Gerry Ryan
* Katie Taylor
* Catherine Corless
* Tony Scott
* Tomi Reichental
# Loafer (1996 film)

Loafer is a 1996 Indian Hindi-language masala film directed by David Dhawan and produced by Surinder Kapoor and Boney Kapoor. It stars Anil Kapoor and Juhi Chawla in pivotal roles. The film was a remake of the Tamil film Velai Kidaichuduchu.

## Cast

* Anil Kapoor as Ravi Kumar
* Juhi Chawla as Kiran Mathur
* Pramod Muthu as Dhandpani
* Mukesh Rishi as Badshah
* Gulshan Grover as Krupashankar
* Kulbhushan Kharbanda as Kumar, Ravi's Father
* Farida Jalal as Janki Kumar
* Shakti Kapoor as Bhiku - Ravi's Mamaji
* Vikas Anand as Mathur, Kiran's Father
* Tiku Talsania as Hotel Client / School Principal
* Viju Khote as Hotel Manager
* Kunika as Flirting Woman
* Yunus Parvez as Husband of Flirting woman, Kunika
* Vivek Vaswani as Pandey
* Deep Dhillon as Tatya
* Chandrashekhar as Judge
* Chandrakant Gokhale as Oldster, juice seller
* Dharmesh Tiwari as Son of Juice Seller
* Anil Dhawan as Govt Officer
* Ishrat Ali as Public Prosecutor Lambu Atta
* Dinesh Anand as Insp. Bhagwat

## Soundtrack

| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Aao Chalo Hum Karein" | Udit Narayan, Poornima |
| 2 | "Jiske Liye Pal Bhar" | Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan |
| 3 | "Kuch Kuch Kuch Ho Raha Hai" | Udit Narayan, Poornima |
| 4 | "Meri Tirchi Nazar Mein" | Alka Yagnik |
| 5 | "Pandit Ji Haath Mera" | Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik |
| 6 | "Tere Dil Ne" | Shankar Mahadevan, Gayatri Iyer |
| 7 | "Teri Tirchi Nazar Main" | Udit Narayan |
# Merchandise Marks Act 1887

The Merchandise Marks Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 28) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The act stopped foreign manufacturers from falsely claiming that their goods were British-made and selling them in Britain and Europe on that pretence. It also makes it illegal for companies to falsely claim that they have a royal warrant.
Swiss watch cases imported to Britain before this date were of 875 millesimal fineness standard. This did not meet the 925 standard for sterling silver and so could not be hallmarked, as the new act required. The Swiss thus increased the fineness of their silver alloy. However they chose an alloy of 935, in excess of the sterling grade. This has sometimes been claimed to have arisen as a Swiss misunderstanding of the standard required for British Sterling. Such cases were marked in Switzerland with three Swiss bears. This persisted until 1907, when a requirement for hallmarking to be done in Britain, after which the Swiss changed to a 925 alloy.
# (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone

"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" is a rock song written by Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart. It was first recorded by the English band the Liverpool Five in early 1966 but remained unreleased before summer of that same year. In the meantime, the American band Paul Revere & the Raiders recorded the song which appeared on their album Midnight Ride, released in May 1966.
The song is simple musically, with a repeating verse chord progression of E major, G major, A major, and C major, and a repeating bridge in cut time of E major, G major, A major, and G major.

## Monkees version

"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" is best known as a hit for the Monkees. Released in November 1966, the song became the first Monkees B-side to chart, reaching #20 on the Billboard Hot 100. Musicians featured on the recording are Micky Dolenz (lead vocal), Tommy Boyce (backing vocal), Wayne Erwin and Gerry McGee (rhythm guitar), Louis Shelton (lead guitar), Bobby Hart (Vox Continental organ), Larry Taylor (bass), Billy Lewis (drums) and Henry Lewy (percussion).
The single, stereo album, and mono album versions contain several differences. In the stereo version, the track's title is sung just before the second verse, whereas on the single and mono album versions, this segment is left instrumental. The stereo version has an edit in the fadeout, but the mono album version does not have this edit and therefore has a longer coda. The single also does not have the edit, but it fades out earlier than does the mono album. All Monkees hits compilations through the mid-1980s used the stereo version, and afterward typically used the single version.
The Monkees' version is featured in the "romp" segments of several episodes of the group's television series. It has also been heard in episodes of shows such as The Queen's Gambit and Zoo.

## Other versions

The song has been covered by many artists. Among the more notable is Modern Rocketry's version in 1983, which reached number 7 on the U.S. Hot Dance/Disco chart, and PJ & Duncan's version in 1996, which reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. A baggy version by The Farm was popular in clubs in 1990 and eventually reached number 58 in the UK. The punk bands the Sex Pistols, State of Alert, the Queers, and Minor Threat have also recorded versions of the song. It was also covered by Fereydoon Foroughi with Persian lyrics in a song titled "Hoqqe" (حقه), also known as "Mashti Mashalla" or "Mashdi Mashalla".
# Golam Rabbani (Joypurhat politician)

Golam Rabbani (died 10 January 2011) was a Bangladeshi politician who served as a Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Joypurhat-1 constituency.
# Noor Aishah Mohammad Salim

Noor Aishah binti Mohammad Salim DUBC (born 21 May 1933) is the widow of former President, Yusof Ishak.
She took the role as Spouse of the President of Singapore between 1965 and 1970.

## Early life

Noor Aishah was born in Penang in 1933, and was adopted by Mohammad Salim Jusoh (born Barney Perkins) and Fatimah Ali.
She married Yusof Ishak on 20 November 1949, at the age of 16.

## Other roles

Noor Aishah was patron for the Singapore Red Cross, the Young Women's Muslim Association, and the Girl Guides Association.

### Girl Guides

Noor Aishah became the first Asian president of the Singapore Girl Guides Association (now Girl Guides Singapore) in 1959. In 1965, she became the patron of the movement. She was awarded the Laurel Leaf, the highest award of the Singapore Girl Guides' Association, in 1970.
Veteran Guiding leaders credit her with helping to raise funds for the movement when funding was scarce, and with helping to secure a plot of land for their headquarters in the Clemenceau area in the 1960s. The Girl Guides named the Puan Noor Aishah Award after her.

## Awards

Noor Aishah was awarded the Pingat Bakti Chemerlang (Distinguished Service Medal; later replaced by the Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang, or Distinguished Service Order) in 1964 for her work in social welfare.
# Crazy Story (Remix)

"Crazy Story (Remix)" or "Crazy Story 2.0" is a song by American rapper King Von featuring American rapper Lil Durk. It was released on May 3, 2019, as a single extracted from Von's first mixtape Grandson, Vol. 1. It represents the direct continuation of "Crazy Story" and the prelude to "Crazy Story, Pt. 3". Crazy Story 2.0 employs the same instrumental of the first piece, that was produced by Mac Fly. The song peaked at number 81 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Composition

The verse from Von is the same as the original song, however, there is the addition of Durk's verse that uses a flow that takes Von's cadence and metrics, but adapting them to his style. Basically Durk continues the first story telling with the aftermath of the events and depicting a scenario of revenge for the previous ambush by the "opps".

## Music video

The music video was released on May 20, 2019. It shows Von and Durk in the neighborhood with other OTF members, including Booka600, Memo600, DoodieLo, with interspersed scenes of shootings describing the lyrics of the song

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 178 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 81 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 32 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum | 3,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Calvatia bovista

Calvatia bovista is a species of Calvatia mushroom, the second largest Calvatia in North America. As with other Calvatia mushrooms, it is edible when young, and it is used in medicine.

## Description

The fruiting body is 10 to 25 centimetres (3.9 to 9.8 in) high and 5 to 25 centimetres (2.0 to 9.8 in) wide, round on top with a wide stemlike sterile base, often half the height of the fruiting body. Spores are 4-6μm, round, minutely warted or spiny. It is seen in pastures, open woods, etc., fairly common.
# Kila Airfield

Kila Airfield (also known as Kila Kila Airfield and 3-Mile Drome) is a former World War II airfield near Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. It was part of a multiple-airfield complex in the Port Moresby area, located north of Joyce Bay, three miles from the town of Port Moresby near the village of Kila Kila.
The airfield was Port Moresby's first civilian airfield, built in 1933 by the Australian administration.

## History

The airport was used by the Americans beginning in 1942 and expanded into an airfield for fighters, light bombers and service aircraft. Many USAAF squadrons were briefly stationed at the airfield during the war, and major units assigned to Kila were:
* Headquarters, 3d Bombardment Group (January 28 – May 20, 1943)
    8th Bomb Squadron, A-20 Havoc
    13th Bomb Squadron, A-20 Havoc
    89th Bomb Squadron, A-20 Havoc
    90th Bomb Squadron, A-20 Havoc
* 8th Fighter Squadron (49th Fighter Group), 25 September-15 April 1943, P-39 Airacobra
* 80th Fighter Squadron (8th Fighter Group), 21 March-11 December 1943, P-39 Airacobra
A large hill on the approach to the field limited its usefulness. The runway was 5,000' × 100' surfaced with black loam with marston matting (as of October 8, 1943). A dispersal area with revetments and taxiways was located on the northern side of the runway. Several buildings were located at the center of the runway.
After the war the airfield was returned to the New Guinea government. Today the airfield is now part of the Kila Police Barracks, a golf course and a technical school. Some of the wartime revetments remain on the police property and portions of the wartime taxiways and runway are visible.
# Fernandes (footballer, born 1995)

Jonathan da Silveira Fernandes Reis (born 21 February 1995), simply known as Fernandes, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bangladesh Premier League club Bashundhara Kings.

## Club career

Born in Rio de Janeiro, Fernandes joined Botafogo's youth setup in 2005, aged ten. On 4 January 2015, he was promoted to the first team in Série B.
Fernandes made his senior debut on 31 January 2015, coming on as a second half substitute for Gegê in a 1–0 Campeonato Carioca home win against Boavista. His first goal in the competition came on 7 February, the last of a 4–0 home routing of Bonsucesso.
Fernandes contributed with two goals in 17 appearances during the year's Série B, as his side achieved promotion as champions, and renewed his contract until 2018 on 30 November 2015. He made his Série A debut on 15 May 2016, starting in a 0–1 home loss against São Paulo.
Fernandes scored his first goal in the top tier on 22 May 2016, netting the equalizer in a 1–1 draw at Sport.
On 21 August 2020, Fernandes signs with Bashundhara Kings in Bangladesh Premier League. On 22 December 2020, Fernandes debuted for Bashundhara Kings in 2020–21 Bangladesh Federation Cup. He also represented the club at the 2021 AFC Cup.

## Career statistics
### Club

As of 20 September 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Continental | Total | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists |
| Bashundhara Kings | 2020–21 | Bangladesh Premier League | 22 | 7 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 30 | 10 | 17 |

## Honours

Botafogo
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2015
Bashundhara Kings
* Bangladesh Premier League: 2020–21
* Bangladesh Federation Cup: 2020–21
# Black Arts Council

The Black Arts Council (BAC) was an arts organization located in Los Angeles and founded in 1968, to advocate for African-American artists and support their community. Founded by Cecil Fergerson and Claude Booker (black art preparators who worked at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, or LACMA), the organization comprised African-American artists, staff members, and other city residents who aimed to promote African-American art in Los Angeles. When the Black Arts Council was founded in 1968, every LACMA board member was white.
The organization grew to over 1,000 members in two years. It not only pressured LACMA to organize exhibitions for African-American artists, but also did extensive work supporting artists outside the museum. The BAC organized student field trips to art exhibits, gave lectures at schools, and curated art exhibitions at various community locations and events.
The BAC's advocacy produced results in the form of two LACMA exhibitions: Three Graphic Artists: Charles White, David Hammons, and Timothy Washington in 1971, and Panorama in 1972, featuring Noah Purifoy, John Outterbridge, and Betye Saar. These exhibits paved the path for LACMA's 1976 exhibition Two Centuries of Black American Art, which traveled to the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, and the Brooklyn Museum.
The BAC ceased activities in 1974 following Booker's death.
# Galactic 07

Galactic 07 was a crewed sub-orbital spaceflight of the SpaceShipTwo-class VSS Unity, which launched on 8 June 2024. It was the final launch of Unity.
It was the seventh commercial spaceflight and twelfth overall spaceflight for American aerospace company Virgin Galactic.
The passengers included Tuva Cihangir Atasever, the second astronaut from Turkey.

## Crew

Galactic 07's crew included four private passengers and two Virgin Galactic employees.
| Position | Crew | Crew |
| Commander | Nicola Pecile Fourth spaceflight | Nicola Pecile Fourth spaceflight |
| Pilot | Jameel Janjua First spaceflight | Jameel Janjua First spaceflight |
| Researcher | Tuva Cihangir Atasever Only spaceflight | Tuva Cihangir Atasever Only spaceflight |
| Tourist | Giorgio Manenti Only spaceflight | Giorgio Manenti Only spaceflight |
| Tourist | Irving (Yitzhak) Pergament Only spaceflight | Irving (Yitzhak) Pergament Only spaceflight |
| Tourist | Andy Sadhwani Only spaceflight | Andy Sadhwani Only spaceflight |