OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# J. Archibald Douglas

James Archibald Douglas (7 March 1866 – 11 October 1930) was a British academic. He was the first professor of English and History at Government College, Agra.
Douglas is mainly remembered for having investigated, and debunked, the claims of Nicolas Notovitch regarding a secret record of Jesus' visit to India being found at the Hemis Monastery. Douglas made his own visit to the monastery in 1895, and published his findings in the journal Nineteenth Century. These findings were then publicized in the New York Times on 19 April.
Douglas was born in Sheffield, the second son of Rev. Robert Douglas (1836-1912), Rector at Odell, Bedfordshire, and Annie Johnson (d. 1922). Art scholar Robert Langton Douglas was his elder brother. He was educated at Merton College, Oxford.
In 1891, he was the tutor and friend of the young Aleister Crowley, introducing him to the "joys of drinking, smoking, card games, and girls".
He died in London in 1930.
# Mark Forster (rugby league)

Mark Forster (born 25 November 1964) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, Ireland and Lancashire, and at club level for the Warrington Wolves, and the Widnes Vikings, as a wing, or centre.

## Early life and education

Forster attended Richard Fairclough High School, now Sir Thomas Boteler Church of England High School.

## Playing career
### Club career

Forster made his senior début for Warrington in 1983, and went on to score 191 tries in over 450 appearances for the club before being released in 2000. He finished his career with a single season at Widnes Vikings in 2001.
Forster appeared as a substitute (replacing Centre Phil Blake) in Warrington's 8-34 defeat by Wigan in the 1985 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1985–86 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens, on Sunday 13 October 1985, played right-centre and scored two tries in the 16-28 defeat by Wigan in the 1987 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1987–88 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Sunday 11 October 1987, and played left wing and scored a try in the 24-16 victory over Oldham in the 1989 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1989–90 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Saturday 14 October 1989.
Forster played left-centre in Warrington's 14-36 defeat by Wigan in the 1990 Challenge Cup Final during the 1989–90 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 28 April 1990, in front of a crowd of 77,729.
Forster played left wing and scored a try in Warrington's 4-18 defeat by Wigan in the 1986–87 John Player Special Trophy Final during the 1986–87 season at Burnden Park, Bolton on Saturday 10 January 1987, and played right wing and scored two tries in the 10-40 defeat by Wigan in the 1994–95 Regal Trophy Final during the 1994–95 season at Alfred McAlpine Stadium, Huddersfield on Saturday 28 January 1995.
Forster's Testimonial matches at Warrington took place in 1993 and 2003.
Forster was inducted into the Warrington Hall of Fame in 2015.

### Representative honours

Forster was a Great Britain international, and was capped twice in 1987. He also played for Ireland at the 2000 Rugby League World Cup.
# AKM Maidul Islam

AKM Maidul Islam Mukul (1 May 1943 – 11 May 2018) was a Jatiya Party politician who served as the Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Kurigram-3 constituency. He was also politician of BNP.

## Early life

Islam completed a master's degree in political science from the University of Karachi in 1966.

## Career

Islam was elected to parliament from Kurigram-3 in 1986, 2008, and 2014 as a candidate of Jatiya Party (Ershad). He served in the cabinet of President Ziaur Rahman in 1979 and the cabinet of Hussain Mohammad Ershad in 1985. He was the minister of post and telecommunications, minister of mineral resources, and minister of civil aviation and tourism .

## Death

Islam died on 11 May 2018 in United Hospitals Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
# House of the Bagatela

The House of the Bagatela (Casa de la Bagatela) or Government House was the seat of executive power in Colombia in 1821. At the time of the Congress, this house had two levels that were demolished by the 1875 Cúcuta earthquake.
This was the house of the Colombian vice-presidents Roscio, Azuola, Antonio Nariño and Castillo.
It was reconstructed in 1971 by the Ministerio de Obras Públicas (Ministry of Public Works). The name of la Bagatela ("The Triviality") was given to it by a person who inhabited it 40 years ago, who wanted to remember la Bagatela, the newspaper founded by Antonio Nariño in Bogotá in 1812, during the time of the "Patria Boba". However, in Villa del Rosario, the first official newspaper was Gaceta de Colombia and not la Bagatela.
# Medal for Victims of the Invasion

During the war of 1914-1918, the populations of the invaded and occupied regions of France were put under severe strain. Thus, at the end of hostilities, it seemed necessary to pay tribute to the courage of these people by rewarding them with several medals such as the Medal for victims of the invasion, the Medal of French Fidelity and the Medal for civilian prisoners, deportees and hostages of the 1914-1918 Great War. It was on the proposal of the Minister for the Liberated Regions that the Medal for victims of the invasion (French: Médaille des victimes de l'invasion) was created on 30 June 1921 in three classes (bronze, silver and silver gilt).
The Medal of the Victims of the Invasion thanked and distinguished the war hostages, and persons deported outside of France, imprisoned by the enemy or condemned to forced labour.
Among the civilian victims of the war who were awarded the medal under the original conditions, two categories of persons were recognized to have the right to special recognition by the country.
On the one hand, political prisoners condemned by the German authorities to severe punishment for their attachment to France and, on the other hand, hostages of war who for months, sometimes years, remained in retaliation camps in Poland and Lithuania, exposed to the worst suffering and the most cruel privations. It is to point out this double category of citizens to the respectful attention of their compatriots, that two clasps were authorized for wear on the medal ribbon "POLITICAL PRISONERS" and "WAR HOSTAGES"

## Award statute

The Medal for victims of the invasion was awarded in three classes, the 1st class in silver gilt, 2nd class in silver and 3rd class in bronze. It was awarded to French citizens from the occupied regions who served as war hostages, were deported or used as forced labourers. A further decree recognized victims of brutality and serious abuse.
All recipients also receive a scroll attesting to the presentation of the medal.

## Award description

The Medal for victims of the invasion is a 30 mm in diameter circular medal struck in bronze, silvered bronze, silver or gilt silver. Its obverse, by engraver Pierre Dautel, bears the relief image of the right profile of a woman wearing a scarf, her hands bound in front of her, looking skywards. The reverse bears the relief inscription on six lines "AUX" "VICTIMES" "DE" "L’INVASION" "LA FRANCE" "RECONNAISSANTE" (TO THE VICTIMS OF THE INVASION A GRATEFUL FRANCE) surrounded by a laurel wreath along the entire outer circumference except for the bottom where the years "1914-1918" can be found. The rectangular suspension loop, affixed atop the medal, bore the relief image of chains.
The medal hangs from a 36 mm wide silk moiré navy blue ribbon with a 2 mm wide black central stripe and two 5 mm wide red stripes located 5 mm from the outer edges. The ribbon of the medal 1st class bears a rosette in the colours of the ribbon.
Two clasps could be worn on the ribbon:
* OTAGES DE GUERRE (WAR HOSTAGES)
* PRISONNIERS POLITIQUES (POLITICAL PRISONERS)

## Notable recipients (partial list)

* Monsignor Maurice Laverseyn (3rd class)
# Hans Stiglund

Hans Bertil Stiglund (born 8 June 1955 in Haparanda) is a Swedish bishop and author who has been Bishop of the Diocese of Luleå since 2002.

## Biography

Stiglund studied theology at Uppsala University from 1974 to 1980 and took theology bachelor's degree in 1980. That same year he was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Gothenburg. He worked as curate and later as assistant pastor in Forshälla parish until 1987. He then became vicar in Pajala parish from 1987 to 1991 and in Alatornio Haparanda parish 1991-2002. From 1993 to 2002 he was rural dean in Kalix-Torne contracts and 1999-2002 deputy of the chapter. In 2002 he was elected as bishop of the Diocese of Luleå. He is the author of the book The border, which was published in 2013.
# Kangaroo Flat railway station

Kangaroo Flat railway station is a regional railway station on the Deniliquin line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the southern suburb of Kangaroo Flat, in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. Kangaroo Flat station is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 1 February 1874.
Initially opened as Kangaroo Flat, the station was renamed to Kangaroo on 9 May 1904. Then was given its current name of Kangaroo Flat on 17 July 1916, back to its original station name.

## History

The contract for the construction of Kangaroo Flat was let in 1862. In 1904, it was renamed Kangaroo, resuming its original identity in 1916. By 1926, facilities included a signal frame, a pair of side platforms on the double track line, a goods siding and shed on the eastern side of the line, and a crossover between tracks. In 1938, the stationmaster was withdrawn, with the station being worked by the porter-in-charge, under "caretaker" conditions.
From 1889, the station was a block point, under the Winters Block system, but it could be "switched out" in times of quieter traffic. That status remained until 1980, when the signal box was only "switched in" when required. In 1987, the signal box was closed, and all points and signals removed.
After a fire in 1990 that caused extensive damage, the station building was left unused, and only two trains per weekday stopped at the station. In 2002, the exterior of the station building and the former goods shed were restored. The Regional Fast Rail project in 2005 saw the line towards Melbourne singled south of the station.
Following a community-led campaign for better services in Bendigo's southern growth corridor, an upgrade of the station was announced in February 2008, involving the construction of a new booking office, a 50-bay car park and bus interchange, and the refurbishment of the waiting room. In January 2014, the platforms were extended, to accommodate longer trains.
Disused stations Ravenswood and Harcourt are located between Kangaroo Flat and Castlemaine, whilst disused station Golden Square is located between Kangaroo Flat and Bendigo.

### Accidents and incidents

On 15 February 2017, V/Line VLocity set VL34 derailed after colliding with a vehicle that had been abandoned on the line near Kangaroo Flat. Two people were taken to hospital.

## Platforms and services

Kangaroo Flat has two side platforms. Platform 1 is used by almost all V/Line Bendigo, Echuca and Swan Hill line services travelling in both directions. Platform 2 is used by one Bendigo line service towards Eaglehawk every weekday.
Platform 1:
* Bendigo line services to Bendigo, Epsom, Eaglehawk and Southern Cross
* Echuca line services to Echuca and Southern Cross
* Swan Hill line services to Swan Hill and Southern Cross
Platform 2:
* Bendigo line one weekday service to Eaglehawk

## Transport links

Christian's Bus Company operates one route via Kangaroo Flat station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
* 5 : Huntly – Kangaroo Flat
# Great Kills Park

Great Kills Park is a public park in Great Kills, Staten Island, New York City. Originally named Marine Park, it is a part of the Staten Island unit of Gateway National Recreation Area. Administered by the National Park Service, it covers an area of approximately 580 acres (2.3 km$^2$) of salt marsh, beach and woodlands, stretching along two miles (3 km) of Staten Island's south shore.

## Access

The park's main entrance is at Hylan Boulevard and Buffalo Street, where there is a bus stop for the S78 and S79 SBS buses. The Bay Terrace station of the Staten Island Railway is also near the main entrance. Boaters can arrange access at Nichols Marina in Great Kills Harbor.

## History

In 1860, the businessman and pioneering naturalist John J. Crooke bought a part of the land and lived in a wooden house at the beach. In 1916, severe erosion cut the narrow spit of land and Crooke's Point became an island to itself.
As early as 1925, the New York City government was considering buying 50 acres (20 ha) of Crooke's land to build a playground. Mayor John Francis Hylan considered purchasing up to 443 acres (179 ha) of land for a larger park, with provisions for future additions to bring the park's size to 1,000 acres (400 ha). A resort would be built on the site, which was expected to cost $10 million.
In 1929, the city bought Crooke's Point and adjacent land and started to build a public park. Due to the Great Depression and World War II, the work was delayed and the park was not opened to the public until 1949.
The city operated an incinerator on the site of the park from 1926 to 1941, and over 197,000 tons of its toxic residue remained at the site. Additionally, 15 million tons of contaminated waste was used as landfill, with Robert Moses noting that the City of New York saved $5 million by using "Sanitation-controlled fill" to complete the park.
A pioneering rocket launch in 1933 led the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics to commemorate the location as a "Historic Aerospace Site". Great Kills Harbor, located within the park, was created in the 1940s by expanding and reconnecting Crooke's Island to the rest of Staten Island, using landfill and dredge material.
Numerous species of birds frequent the park's diverse habitats. It became part of the Gateway National Recreation Area in 1973, along with Miller Field and Fort Wadsworth on Staten Island, Jamaica Bay in Brooklyn and Queens, and Sandy Hook in New Jersey. The park now includes the Nichols Marina, a beach, trails, fishing and bird-watching areas, and sports fields.

### Radium contamination

The park's 15 million cubic yards of 1940s-era landfill included sanitary and medical waste. In 2005, radioactive radium ($^{226}$Ra, once used in cancer treatments) was found in the sand at a depth of about 1–1.5 feet (30–40 cm). Directly at the sources, investigators measured gamma radiation about 200 times higher than the natural background level. Approximately half of the park has been closed to the public since 2009, and in 2021 the National Park Service was working to complete a comprehensive "Remedial Investigation Report" for its long-term decontamination project.
# Depauw, Indiana

Depauw is an unincorporated community in Blue River Township and Spencer Township, Harrison County, Indiana. The population of Depauw is officially unknown but is estimated to be 120 as of 2020 and is slowly decreasing.

## History

Depauw was platted by Felician Henriott on April 8, 1884. According to one source, the community may be named for Washington C. DePauw. Violent tornadoes that were recorded in Depauw include one on April 3, 1903, two on April 3, 1974, one on April 5, 1985, and one on June 2, 1990. On April 3, 1974, at around 3:20 PM, an F5 tornado hit Depauw, leaving some of the mobile homes and houses completely demolished. This tornado had formed near New Boston, IN. It kept heading east passing just west of Frenchtown, IN and then the tornado hit Depauw. Many of the Depauw locals who didn't have a basement quickly rushed to people's homes that did have one. The tornado went through Depauw and then it headed northeast towards Palmyra, IN after Depauw. The tornado killed 6 people and injured 76 people in the 68 miles (110 km) it was on the ground. The Depauw tornado was 1.6 miles (2.5 km) wide and was the first of many other F5 tornadoes that were to form on that same day in the midwest. The series of tornadoes that occurred on that day was part of what was known as the 1974 Super Outbreak.

## Geography

Depauw is located in northwest Harrison County.

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau first delineated Depauw as a census designated place in the 2022 American Community Survey.
# Violet Street tram stop

Violet Street is the first tram stop in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, on the Vintage "Talking" Tram network, which is operated by Bendigo Tramways, under the supervision of The Bendigo Trust.

## History

The Violet Street Terminus was opened to the public on 9 December 1972, on the opening day of the "Vintage 'Talking' Tram Tours" of Bendigo. Following its closure in April 1972, the former Charing Cross - Golden Square tramway was shortened, and the remaining (and current) tramway was diverted from High Street Bendigo to its current location next to the Central Deborah Gold Mine in Violet Street Bendigo. The stop was created following the closure of the former SEC Bendigo public tramways for tourism purposes and as a means of retaining the tramways of Bendigo.

## Facilities

Violet Street consists of a large tram shelter canopy and has toilet facilities available (Disabled Accessible) in the Central Deborah Gold Mine Reception for customers.
# Emerald Township, Faribault County, Minnesota

Emerald Township is a township in Faribault County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 228 at the 2000 census.

## History

Emerald Township was organized in 1866, and named for the Emerald Isle, the poetic name for Ireland.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (93 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 228 people, 89 households, and 63 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.4 inhabitants per square mile (2.5/km$^2$). There were 98 housing units at an average density of 2.7 per square mile (1.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.81% White, 0.44% Native American, 0.88% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.
There were 89 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 1.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 140.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $41,806, and the median income for a family was $49,750. Males had a median income of $29,063 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,127. About 5.6% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# Killawog, New York

Killawog is a hamlet within the town of Lisle in Broome County, New York, United States. The community is located along the Tioughnioga River and U.S. Route 11, 4 miles (6 km) north of Lisle village and 3 miles (5 km) south of Marathon. Killawog has a post office with ZIP code 13794.
# Labialized velar consonant

A labialized velar or labiovelar is a velar consonant that is labialized, with a /w/-like secondary articulation. Examples are [kʷ, ɡʷ, xʷ, ɣʷ, ŋʷ], which are pronounced like a [k, ɡ, x, ɣ, ŋ], with rounded lips, such as the labialized voiceless velar plosive [kʷ] and labialized voiced velar plosive [ɡʷ], obstruents being common among the sounds that undergo labialization.

## Labialized velar approximants

The most common labiovelar consonant is the voiced approximant [w]. It is normally a labialized velar, as is its vocalic cousin [u]. (Labialization is called rounding in vowels, and a velar place is called back.)
[w] and its voiceless equivalent are the only labialized velars with dedicated IPA symbols:
| IPA | Description | Example | Example | Example | Example |
| IPA | Description | Language | Orthography | IPA | Meaning |
| | Voiceless labialized velar approximant | English | which | [ʍɪtʃ]$^1$ | 'which' |
| | Labio-velar approximant | English | witch | [wɪtʃ] | 'witch' |
* $^1$ - In dialects that distinguish between which and witch.
The voiceless approximant is traditionally called a "voiceless labial–velar fricative", but true doubly articulated fricatives are not known to be used in any language, as they are quite difficult to pronounce and even more difficult to distinguish.

## Historical development

Labialized velars frequently derive from a plain velar followed by a rounded (labialized) vowel, such as [u] or [o]. In turn, they may sometimes develop into simple bilabial consonants. An example of this is the development of Proto-Indo-European *kʷ, *gʷ before *a or *o into Greek /p, b/, producing cognates as different as English come and basis. The full sequence is demonstrated by the Satsuma dialect of Japanese: in northern Satsuma, Standard Japanese [kue] 'eat!' has contracted to [kʷe]; in southern Satsuma, it has proceeded further to [pe].
A notable development is the initial *kʷ in Proto-Indo-European interrogative words. In English, it developed into wh or h (how), pronounced /w/ in most dialects and /h/, respectively, via Grimm's law followed by wh-cluster reductions. By contrast, in Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages, that developed into qu (later Spanish cu (cuando) and c (como)), pronounced as /kʷ/ in Latin and variously as /kw/ or /k/ in the Romance languages. See etymology of English interrogative words for details. The English phonemic spelling kw for qu (as in kwik) echoes its origin.
# Darrehrud-e Jonubi Rural District

Darrehrud-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان دره‌رود جنوبی) is in Darrehrud District of Ungut County, Ardabil province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qarah Khan Beyglu, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 922 in 267 households.

## History

In 2020, Ungut District was separated from Germi County in the establishment of Ungut County and renamed the Central District. Darrehrud-e Jonubi Rural District was created in the new Darrehrud District.
Other villages in the rural district include Sarvaghaji and Ziveh.