OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bubble laser

An ordinary bubble can serve as an optofluidic laser. These bubble lasers have been made of dye-doped soap solutions and smectic liquid crystal. In a bubble laser, the bubble itself serves as the optical resonator. Uniquely, bubble lasers exhibit hundreds of regularly spaced resonant frequencies called whispering gallery modes, named for the Whispering Gallery in St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Researchers have found that the emission spectrum of a bubble laser is highly dependent on the bubble's environment; changing ambient air pressure or electric fields changes the size of the bubble (the optical resonator), and therefore the wavelengths of laser emission.

## Description

Bubble lasers have been made from soap solutions to which a few drops of fluorescent laser dye have been added. The fluorescent dye acts as the gain medium. When a pump laser is shone onto the bubble, the dye molecules are excited. The excited dye molecules emit photons. The light propagates along the surface of the soap bubble, leading to wave interference that generates distinct, evenly-spaced optical resonances of the bubble (called whispering gallery modes). When photons, by chance, of the right frequencies are emitted into the whispering gallery modes, it stimulates other molecules to emit more matching photons, amplifying the light.
A soap bubble's thickness is constantly changing due to freely flowing water inside the bubble. This results in an unstable lasing spectrum. More stable results were achieved when the bubbles were made of smectic liquid crystal, which is made entirely of organic liquid-crystal molecules. These bubbles do not contain water, can be very thin, and can survive almost indefinitely.

## Applications

The spacing of whispering gallery modes is directly related to the bubble's circumference. This means that bubble lasers may be used as pressure sensors. Bubble lasers have measured pressure changes as high as 100 bar (10,000 kPA) and as low as 1.5 Pa, an "exceptionally large" dynamic range, far outperforming other pressure sensors of comparable size.
In the future, bubble lasers may be used to study thin films and phenomena such as Cavity optomechanics.
# Bert Hopkins

Albert John Young "Bert" Hopkins (3 May 1874 – 25 April 1931) was an Australian cricketer who played in 20 Tests between 1902 and 1909. An all-rounder, Hopkins was a competent bowler and batsman in Australian domestic cricket for New South Wales, however he was less frequently called on to bowl in Test matches: he was not asked to bowl in a quarter of his appearances.
In the second Test at Lord's in 1902 under captain Joe Darling, Hopkins opened the bowling for Australia with Ernie Jones. Hopkins took the first two wickets of the English team, the famed batsmen C. B. Fry and Ranjitsinhji, both for ducks. These were the only two wickets that fell in the match, which was abandoned not long afterwards owing to persistent rain. He was also a strong fielder.
He worked in the Probate Office of New South Wales for more than 25 years. He died in hospital in April 1931 after a short illness, at age 56.
# Heidi (2005 live-action film)

Heidi is a 2005 British family film directed by Paul Marcus. It is based on the iconic 1881 novel Heidi by Johanna Spyri, and stars Irish child actress Emma Bolger in the title role, alongside Max Von Sydow and Diana Rigg.

## Plot

Heidi, a cheerful girl, is taken to live with her grandfather in the Swiss Alps. She becomes close friends with Peter, a goatherd, and spends much of her time with the boy and his goats outdoors.
Heidi is sent to the wealthy Sesemann family in Frankfurt, to be the hired companion of Clara Sesemann, an invalid. The strict housekeeper, Fräulein Rottenmeier, views the household disruptions Heidi causes as her misbehavior and places Heidi under increasing restrictions. Heidi grows homesick and pale. Her one diversion is learning to read and write, motivated by the thought of going home and reading to Peter's blind grandmother. Clara's grandmother visits and becomes a friend to Heidi.
After Heidi becomes seriously ill, the adults allow her to return to her grandfather. Heidi and Clara stay in touch and exchange letters. Clara's doctor, believing the fresh mountain air and wholesome companionship will do her good, recommends that Clara visit Heidi. Clara visits again the following season and spends a wonderful summer with Heidi, growing stronger on goat milk and fresh air. Peter, jealous of Heidi and Clara's friendship, pushes Clara's empty wheelchair down the mountain. The wheelchair is destroyed. While retrieving the wheelchair for Clara, Heidi nearly falls into a ravine. Clara rushes to save her and finds herself able to walk. Her grandmother and father are overcome with joy, and the doctor promises to take care of Heidi when her grandfather's no longer able to do so.

## Cast

* Emma Bolger as Heidi
* Max Von Sydow as Grandfather
* Geraldine Chaplin as Rottenmeier
* Diana Rigg as Grandmamma
* Pauline McLynn as Aunt Dete
* Sam Friend as Peter
* Jessica Claridge as Clara
* Del Synnott as Sebastian
* Kellie Shirley as Tinette
* Robert Bathurst as Mr. Sessemann
* Oliver Ford Davies as Dr. Classen
* Caroline Pegg as Bridget
* Jessica James as Grannie
* Alexander Main as Frankfurt Boy
* Karl Johnson as Old Man

## Production

The soundtrack is composed by Jocelyn Pook. The mountain scenes were shot mostly in Julian Alps in Slovenia, scenes of Frankfurt in Ljubljana and village scenes in Neath, and Llanelli, Wales. The Sesemann house in Frankfurt was shot at Stradey Castle in Llanelli.
# DearAlice

DearAlice (Korean: 디어앨리스; stylized as dearALICE) is a British boy band formed by Korean agencies SM Entertainment and Kakao Entertainment and British label MOON&BACK Media. The group consists of members James Sharp, Dexter Greenwood, Oliver "Olly" Quinn, Reese Carter, and Blaise Noon. The members starred in the BBC One show Made in Korea: The K-pop Experience, which followed 100 days of the members undergoing training in South Korea. The group released their debut song "Ariana" on 21 February 2025.

## Name

The name "dearALICE" (previously stylized as Dear Alice) was revealed on 17 August 2024. The band received inspiration for the group name after eating at a restaurant of the same name in Itaewon. The name is described as "a letter to their fans" with ALICE standing for "A Love I Can't Explain."

## History
### 2023–present: Formation

In November 2023, SM Entertainment signed a partnership with British entertainment company MOON&BACK to launch a new UK-based boy group.
In July 2024, the reality show Made In Korea: The K-Pop Experience was announced to aired in August on BBC One and iPlayer. The series consists of 6 episodes, each one showcasing the journey of the five British members joining a 100 day long K-POP training program in South Korea and their evaluations from Yoon Hee Jun, a director at SM's Artist Development Center. In August, through a press conference of the reality show in London, the group's name was announced and the five members were formally introduced to the public.
On 31 October, it was announced that the original soundtrack Made In Korea: The K-Pop Experience (Original TV Soundtrack) , which contained six songs performed on the reality show, would release on November 1st. On 3 November, dearALICE performed their song "Best Day of Our Lives" on the British dance competition show Strictly Come Dancing. The soundtrack charted number 1 on UK Official Soundtrack Albums Chart after a week of being released. On 7 November, the group signed contract with US label gamma. for their global activities.
From 12-13 January 2025, dearALICE attended SM Entertainment's 30th anniversary concert SMTOWN LIVE 2025 [THE CULTURE, THE FUTURE] in SEOUL, where they premiered their debut song "Ariana," which was released on February 21. On January 16, the group performed the song again on the South Korean music show M Countdown.

## Members

* James Sharp
* Dexter Greenwood
* Oliver "Olly" Quinn
* Reese Carter
* Blaise Noon

## Discography
### OST

* Made In Korea: The K-pop Experience OST (November 1, 2024)

### Singles

List of singles, showing year released and name of the album :
| Title | Year | Album |
| "Ariana" | 2025 | Non-album single |
# Kristen Towers

Kristen Towers (born 12 October 1976) is a retired field hockey player from Australia, who played as a midfielder.

## Personal life

Kristen Towers was born and raised in Taree, New South Wales.
Towers has an identical twin sister, Julie, who was also a member of the Hockeyroos.

## Career
### Domestic hockey

Throughout her career, Towers was a member of the NSWIS Arrows in the Australian Hockey League.

### International hockey
#### Under–21

In 1997, Towers was a member of the Australia U–21 team at the FIH Junior World Cup in Seongnam. Australia won a silver medal at the tournament, with Towers scoring on four occasions.

#### Hockeyroos

Kristen Towers made her official debut for the Hockeyroos in 1998. Later that year she was included in the Commonwealth Games team to compete in Kuala Lumpur. There, she won her first medal with the national team, taking home gold.
1999 proved to be a good year for Towers, winning her second and third gold medals for Australia. Her first was at the FIH Champions Trophy in Brisbane, followed by the Oceania Cup, held across Australia and New Zealand.
After only two appearances in 2000, Towers returned to the international fold in 2001. During the year, she won gold at the Oceania Cup in New Zealand, followed by bronze at the FIH Champions Trophy in Amsterdam.

### International goals

| Goal | Date | Location | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 14 September 1998 | Bukit Jalil Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Jamaica | 2–0 | 12–0 | 1998 Commonwealth Games |
| 2 | 14 September 1998 | Bukit Jalil Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Jamaica | 3–0 | | 1998 Commonwealth Games |
| 3 | 14 September 1998 | Bukit Jalil Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Jamaica | 9–0 | | 1998 Commonwealth Games |
| 4 | 14 September 1998 | Bukit Jalil Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Jamaica | 11–0 | | 1998 Commonwealth Games |
| 5 | 19 September 1998 | Bukit Jalil Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | New Zealand | 3–1 | 7–3 | 1998 Commonwealth Games |
| 6 | 20 September 1998 | Bukit Jalil Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | England | 6–1 | 8–1 | 1998 Commonwealth Games |
| 7 | 1 August 1999 | Bayer Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany | Germany | 1–1 | 1–1 | Test Match |
| 8 | 23 May 2001 | Yanmar Stadium Nagai, Osaka, Japan | Japan | 1–0 | 4–1 | 2001 East Asian Games |
| 9 | 27 May 2001 | Yanmar Stadium Nagai, Osaka, Japan | South Korea | 6–1 | 7–1 | 2001 East Asian Games |
# Julian Bailey (rugby league)

Julian Bailey is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for Eastern Suburbs, later renamed the "Sydney City Roosters", from 1998 to 2000 and the Newcastle Knights from 2001 to 2002. He then played for the Huddersfield Giants from 2003 to 2004.

## Background

Bailey was born in Singleton, New South Wales. He was a Hunter Mariners junior.

## Playing career

Bailey began his first grade career with Eastern Suburbs later to be renamed as the "Sydney City Roosters". Bailey played 3 seasons with the club but missed out on playing in the 2000 NRL grand final against Brisbane.
In 2001, Bailey joined Newcastle and played 24 games for the club but was not included in the club's premiership winning side who defeated Parramatta in the grand final. Bailey played on in 2002 with Newcastle and his last game for the club was the 38-12 semi final loss against his old club the Sydney Roosters.
In 2003, Bailey joined the English side Huddersfield and spent 2 years with them before retiring.
# Krasno

Krasno may refer to:
* Krasno, Croatia, a village near Senj
* Krasno, Russia, a village (selo) in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia
* Krasno, Slovenia, a village in the municipality of Brda
* Krásno (Sokolov District), a town in the Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic
* Krásno nad Bečvou, an administrative part of Valašské Meziříčí in the Zlín Region, Czech Republic
* Krásno, Partizánske District, a municipality and village in the Trenčín Region, Slovakia
* Krásno nad Kysucou, a town in the Žilina Region, Slovakia
# En un mundo nuevo

"En un mundo nuevo" (Spanish pronunciation:; English: "In a New World") is a song recorded by Spanish singer Karina with music composed by Rafael Trabucchelli [es] and lyrics written by Tony Luz [es]. It represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 held in Dublin, placing second.
Karina recorded the song in Spanish, English, French, German, and Italian.

## Background
### Conception

"En un mundo nuevo" was composed by Rafael Trabucchelli [es] with lyrics by Tony Luz [es]. It is an up-tempo number about the importance of keeping one's faith and hope for a new and better world, a world in which love and truth will prevail.

### Eurovision

Between 17 October and 26 December 1970, Televisión Española (TVE) produced a musical competition –titled Pasaporte a Dublín [es]– to select its performer for the 16th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. Karina won the competition so she became the Spanish performer for Eurovision. The song "En un mundo nuevo" was later internally selected for her. She recorded it in five languages: Spanish, English –as "Tomorrow I'm Coming Your Way"–, French –as "Un monde plus grand et plus beau"–, German –as "Wir glauben an morgen"–, and Italian –as "Un mondo nuovo"–.
On 3 April 1971, the Eurovision Song Contest was held at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin hosted by Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), and broadcast live throughout the continent. Karina performed "En un mundo nuevo" sixth on the night accompanied by Trío La La La [es] –María Jesús Aguirre, Cristina Fernández, and Mercedes Valimaña– as backing singers, following Germany's "Diese Welt" by Katja Ebstein and preceding France's "Un jardin sur la terre" by Serge Lama. Waldo de los Ríos conducted the event's live orchestra in the performance of the Spanish entry. The first verse of the song could not be heard, since the sound engineer did not open Karina's microphone until the second verse.
At the close of voting, it had received 116 points, placing second in a field of eighteen. It was succeeded as Spanish entry at the 1972 contest by "Amanece" by Jaime Morey.

### Aftermath

Karina starred in the 1972 film En un mundo nuevo, which was inspired by her participation at the contest and which shows real footage of her performance there.

## Chart history

| Chart (1971) | Peak position |
| Spain (El Musical) | 3 |

## Legacy
### Cover versions

* Belgian singer Micha Marah recorded the song in Dutch as "Die heerlijke wereld".

### Other performances

* Alaska performed the song in the show Europasión, aired on La 1 of Televisión Española on 21 May 2008 to choose by popular vote the best song that Spain has sent to Eurovision.

### Impersonations

* In the twelfth episode of the seventh season of Tu cara me suena aired on 18 January 2019 on Antena 3, Soraya Arnelas impersonated Karina singing "En un mundo nuevo" replicating her performance at Eurovision.
# Nargis Rahman

Nargis Rahman is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former member of the Bangladesh Parliament from a reserved seat.

## Career

Rahman was elected to parliament from a reserved seat as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 2019.
# Harinarayanpur Shahi Mosque

The Harinarayanpur Shahi Mosque (Bengali: হরিনারায়ণপুর শাহী মসজিদ), also known as Harinarayanpur Shah Shuja Mosque (Bengali: হরিনারায়ণপুর শাহ সুজা মসজিদ), is a mosque located in Harinarayanpur of Harinarayanpur Union of Kushtia Sadar Upazila of Kushtia district, in the Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The exact date of establishment of the Mughal era mosque, associated with Shah Shuja, is unknown. The mosque is some 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Kushtia, via Kushtia-Jhenaidah highway.

## Architecture

The mosque has three domes and is rectangular in east–west direction. The length of the mosque is 13.71 metres (45.0 ft) and the width is 5.18 metres (17.0 ft). The entire mosque is built of terracotta bricks and lime mortar. According to the Mughal mosque construction method, the three domes of the mosque are of equal volume and height. The height of the domes is 3.6 metres (12 ft). There are five doors to enter the mosque. The central entrance door is relatively higher than the other doors with a height of approximately 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in) and a width of approximately 1.19 metres (3 ft 11 in).
The mosque has two rows where twenty worshipers can offer prayers in each row. In 2000, five more qatars were added with the construction of new buildings along with mosques, each qatar can accommodate 26 worshipers. According to this, the present capacity of the mosque is 170 worshipers.
# Kulvaddhu

Kulvaddhu (transl. Daughter-In-Law), is an Indian television drama serial produced by Anuj Saxena's production house, Maverick Productions. It first aired on Sony TV on 25 December 2006 and ended three months after its launch date.

## Cast

* Dalljiet Kaur as Niyati Chauhan / Niyati Shaurya Singh Rathore
* Imran Mashkoor Khan / Sachin Sharma as Shaurya Singh Rathore
* Kitu Gidwani as Antara Vikram Singh Rathore
* Milind Gunaji as Vikram Singh Rathore
* Suhasini Mulay as Vasundhara Singh Rathore
* Seema Bhargava as Padma Chauhan
* Shaleen Bhanot as Agni
* Rajesh Kumar as Jaswant Singh Rathore
* Sonali Verma as Damayanti Jaswant Singh Rathore
* Sushmita Mukherjee as Rajlakshmi Singh Rathore
* Rituraj Singh as Amit Sahay
* Ayaz Khan as Rajveer Singh Rathore
* Surbhi Tiwari as Sanyukta Samar Singh Rathore
* Chetan Pandit as Samar Singh Rathore
* Manasi Varma as Janvi
* Nisha Sareen as Carol Rajveer Singh Rathore
* Shweta Gautam as Bindiya
* Chinky Jaiswal as Child Niyati Chauhan
* Paritosh Sand as Upendra
* Anup Upadhyay as Sri Mohan Sevak (S.M.S.)
* Raja Kapse as Vishal Singh
* Pankaj Kalra as Inspector
* Tarun Khanna as Advocate Dhanraj Singhania
* Manish Khanna as Advocate
* Arun Mathur as Judge
# Treaty of Zboriv

The Treaty of Zboriv was signed on August 18, 1649, after the Battle of Zboriv when the Crown forces of about 35,000, led by King John II Casimir of Poland, clashed against a combined force of Cossacks and Crimean Tatars, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Khan İslâm III Giray of Crimea respectively, which numbered about 50,000.
The Treaty of Zboriv consisted of two separate agreements between Ukraine and the Commonwealth and between Crimea and the Commonwealth.
The Treaty of Zboriv plays an important role in history of Ukraine as it turned the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth former mutineers into citizens of a new political community.

## Signing parties

* Ukrainian side representatives: Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Ivan Vyhovsky
* Polish side representatives: Adam Kysil, Jerzy Ossoliński, Janusz Radziwiłł, Władysław Dominik Zasławski

## Points of Agreement

According to the concluded agreement:
* All freedoms of Zaporozhian Cossacks are retained
* The number of Registered Cossacks will be 40,000 and the preparation of the Register will be delegated to the Hetman of Zaporozhian Cossacks.
* The following cities will be allowed to accept Cossacks to the Register: on this side of Dnieper: from Korostyshiv, Pavoloch, Pohrebyshche, Pryluky, Vinnytsia, Bratslav, Yampil to Dniester and on the other side of Dnieper: in Oster, Chernihiv, Nizhyn up to Muscovy border and also everywhere between Dnieper and Dniester.
* Everyone who want to be the Cossack may choose so, retaining all his property.
* The Register must be completed latest on the day of Intercession of the Theotokos.
* Chyhyryn will be the Host City of Zaporozhian Cossacks forever and now is given to Bohdan Khmelnytsky.
* Whatever has happened during the present confusion, by God's permission, all this is to be forgotten and no master is to take vengeance and punishment.
* All nobles, both Orthodox and Catholic, who joined Cossacks, it will be forgiven. All infamies will be cancelled.
* The Crown Forces are not allowed to be based in Cossack towns.
* Jews are not allowed to be citizens of Cossack towns.
* In the Kyiv Voivodeship, Bratslav Voivodeship and Chernihiv Voivodeship all offices can be held by Orthodox.
* In the city of Kiev, because there are privileged Ruthenian schools, the Jesuit fathers are not to be founded there and in other Ukrainian cities, but to be transferred somewhere else. And all other schools, which were there in ancient times, are to be preserved.
To summarize the Polish army, Uniates, and Jews were banned from the territory of the Kyiv Voivodeship, Bratslav Voivodeship, and Chernihiv Voivodeship; governmental offices in the Cossack Hetmanate could be held only by Eastern Orthodox nobility (either Polish or Ukrainian administration of Eastern Orthodox religion), the Orthodox Church was granted privileges and the Crimean Khanate was to be paid a large sum of money.
The treaty was ratified by the Diet, which was in session between November 1649 and January 1650, but hostilities resumed when Catholic bishops refused to recognise the provisions of the treaty (admission to the Senate of the Orthodox metropolitan of Kyiv, Sylvestr Kosiv).
# Triangle, Virginia

Triangle is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population was 8,188 at the 2010 census. It is bounded to the south by the Marine Corps Base Quantico, which surrounds the town of Quantico. Part of the National Capital Region, it is approximately 32 miles southwest of Washington, D.C.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Triangle has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.8 km$^2$), all of which is land. It is bounded to the north and west by Dumfries, to the west by Prince William Forest Park, and to the east by the Potomac River. The National Museum of the Marine Corps is located here.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 census, there were 5,500 people, 2,196 households, and 1,341 families living in the CDP. The population density was 2,088.5 inhabitants per square mile (806.4/km$^2$). There were 2,318 housing units at an average density of 880.2 per square mile (339.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 61.07% White, 28.33% African American, 0.49% Native American, 2.87% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 3.58% from other races, and 3.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.42% of the population.
There were 2,196 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 13.2% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,844, and the median income for a family was $43,811. Males had a median income of $32,017 versus $27,722 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,982. About 7.1% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.
In the 1950 United States census, Triangle was combined with Dumfries, Virginia to form Dumfries-Triangle. However, the two communities were separated again by the time of the 1960 census.

## Government

Triangle is part of Virginia's 31st House of Delegates district; as of 10 January 2018$^{[[[VirginiaHouseofDelegateselection,2017]][ref]]}$, residents are represented by Elizabeth Guzmán.