OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1984 Virginia Slims of Chicago

The 1984 Virginia Slims of Chicago was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the UIC Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois in the United States that was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from February 6 through February 12, 1984. First-seeded Pam Shriver won the singles title and earned $28,000 first-prize money.

## Finals
### Singles

Pam Shriver defeated Barbara Potter 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 2–6, 6–3
* It was Shriver's 2nd title of the year and the 50th of her career.

### Doubles

Billie Jean King / Sharon Walsh defeated Barbara Potter / Pam Shriver 5–7, 6–3, 6–3
* It was King's 1st title of the year and the 170th of her career. It was Walsh's 2nd title of the year and the 26th of her career.

## Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 |
| Singles | $28,000 | $14,000 | $7,000 | $3,350 | $1,600 | $825 |
# Ramamurti Shankar

Ramamurti Shankar (born April 28, 1947) is the Josiah Willard Gibbs professor of Physics at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut.

## Education

He received his B.Tech. in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Madras and his Ph.D. in theoretical particle physics from the University of California, Berkeley (1974).

## Career

His research is in theoretical condensed matter physics, although he is also known for his earlier work in theoretical particle physics. In 2009, Shankar was awarded the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize from the American Physical Society for "innovative applications of field theoretic techniques to quantum condensed matter systems". After three years at the Harvard Society of Fellows, he joined the Yale physics department, which he chaired between 2001 and 2007. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is the second Indian after S. Chandrasekhar to be a member of Harvard Society of Fellows. His YouTube lectures have been viewed by over 20 million people. In 2004 he was appointed the John Randolph Huffman Professor of Physics and in 2019 the Josiah Willard Gibbs Professor of Physics.

## Selected publications

* Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Plenum, 1994.
* Basic Training in Mathematics, Plenum, 1995.
* Fundamentals of Physics, Yale Press, 2014.
* Fundamentals of Physics II, Yale Press, 2016.
* Quantum Field Theory and Condensed Matter: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
# Guild of Bangladeshi Restaurateurs

Guild of Bangladeshi Restaurateurs is a national trade association for owners of UK-based Bangladeshi restaurants and caterers.

## Premise

Guild of Bangladeshi Restaurateurs was established by a group of caterers in 1994.
The association has membership of more than 2500 people. The primary role of the organisation is to lobby government, both nationally and locally, representing the views of the industry to decision makers and legislators. Its main aims and objectives also include the promotion and improvement of the standard of spice restaurants in Great Britain and increasing awareness amongst the general public of the positive contribution that the spice restaurant business makes to the British economy and culture.
The association has branches all over the United Kingdom, including Scotland, Wales and England. Branch activities include formal meetings, seminars and study days, catering supplier demonstration, exhibitions and social events.
The association was co-founded by Enam Ali and Abdul Miah. former chairman of the organisation is Enam Ali and the president of the organisation is Ana Miah.
In 2008, association members raised concerns that many restaurants were under threat because the British government announced a change in the immigration laws which could block entry of high skilled chefs from Bangladesh to the UK. They requested that the Government recognises that they are skilled workers. The law demanded these workers speak fluent English, and have good formal qualifications. However, these changes did not take place.
# Nazia

Nazia may refer to:
* Nazia and Zoheb, pioneers of the Pakistani pop music scene during the 1980s
* Nazia Khanum (born 1943), British management consultant and researcher
* Nazia Hassan (1965–2000), Pakistani pop singer
* Nazia Sadiq (born 1976), Pakistani Pashto singer
* Nazia Nazir (born 1978), Pakistani cricketer
* Nazia Iqbal (born 1980), Pakistani Pashto singer
* Nazia Mogra (born 1985), English television journalist
# Shamsul Islam (Munshiganj politician)

M Shamsul Islam (1 January 1932 – 26 April 2018) was a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician, a diplomat and a Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Munshiganj-3 constituency for four terms. He served as the minister of information, land, commerce, food and post and telecommunications during the first (1991–1996) and second Khaleda ministries (2001–2006).

## Career

Shamsul Islam served as the general secretary of Dhaka district unit and an executive member of the central committee of the now-defunct National Democratic Front party, led by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. He was also the general secretary of East Pakistan Family Planning Union during 1968–1971.
Shamsul Islam served as the Bangladesh ambassador to Indonesia during Ziaur Rahman's ruling.
Shamsul Islam was a member of the standing committee of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
On 2 September 2007, the Anti-Corruption Commission filed a case against Shamsul Islam, along with the former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia and others on charges of awarding Global Agro Trade Company a cargo-handling deal through misuse of power. He was later detained and freed on bail in July 2008.

## Personal life

Shamsul Islam was married to Anwara Sufia (d. 2015). Together they had two sons including Sayeeful Islam, a former president of the Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry.
# Sahnoun

Sahnoun or Sahnoune is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Sahnun ibn Said at-Tanukhi (d. 854), Maliki jurist, author of the Mudawana.
* Omar Sahnoun (1955–1980), French footballer
* Mohamed Sahnoun, Algerian diplomat
* Nicolas Sahnoun, French footballer
* Mustapha Sahnoune, Algerian songwriter
* Oussama Sahnoune, Algerian swimmer
* Camélia Sahnoune, Algerian triple jumper
* Mehdi Sahnoune, French boxer
# Matt Morgan (comedian)

Matthew Morgan is a British comedy writer and radio presenter. He is best known for his work with Russell Brand, with whom he shared numerous writing credits, as well as co-hosting The Russell Brand Show on BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 6 Music and Radio X.

## Career
### Writing

Morgan met Russell Brand when he was working as an intern on MTV. He first joined with Brand after the presenter told him he had a television show idea which was "good" and "commissioned", and that Morgan should work on it with him; Morgan later joked that neither of those things turned out to be true.

### Radio

Morgan was the co-host of The Russell Brand Show from its initial conception in 2006 on BBC Radio 2 until its finish following Brand's resignation due to the prank telephone calls row. On the radio show, Morgan played the straight man to Brand's cheeky chappy persona, often mimicking Brand's accent and singing. In his memoir, Booky Wook 2, Brand asserted that he and Morgan got into a row following Brand's controversial turn as the host of the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards (which the men co-wrote), and Morgan refused to return to the show.
When Brand returned to talk radio in the Autumn of 2010, Morgan rejoined The Russell Brand Show.
From 8 to 22 August 2021, Morgan along with Noel Gallagher presented "The Radio X Residency" every Sunday on Radio X.

## Credits
### Writing credits

* RE:Brand (2002)
* Empire Square (2005)
* 1 Leicester Square (2006)
* Russell Brand's Got Issues (2006)
* The Russell Brand Show (2006)
* The Kevin Bishop Show (2008)
* James Corden's World Cup Live (2010)
* Borked TV (The 5:19 Show) (2010)
* The Fun Police (2011)
* Cardinal Burns (2012)
* Very Important People (2012)
* The Mimic (2014)
* Sam Delaney's News Thing (2016)
* Morgana Robinson's The Agency (2016)
* Plebs (2016)
* Murder in Successville (2017)
* Hospital People (2017)
* Mister Winner (2020)

### Presenting

* Russell Brand on the Road

### Other roles

* Russell Brand's Ponderland (2007–2008) – Creative Director
# Maria Karlsson (footballer, born 1985)

Maria Josefina Karlsson De Cecco (born 8 February 1985) is a Swedish former footballer. Her last club was AS Saint-Étienne of France's Division 1 Féminine, where she played as a defender. Karlsson De Cecco currently works as CEO and agent for the global football agency CMG, representing players and coaches within women's football.

## Club career

Karlsson De Cecco played for Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC (2002–2008) and Linköpings FC (2009–2010). After signing for Linköpings, Karlsson De Cecco was known as Maria Karlsson II, or Maria "Kalle" Karlsson due to the presence of senior teammate and namesake Maria "Kia" Karlsson. Karlsson De Cecco made 154 appearances in the Damallsvenskan, the highest level of women's football in Sweden. She won a League, Super cup and Cup triple with Linköping in 2009. She also played in the UEFA Women's Champions League in 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2015.
In January 2011 Karlsson De Cecco became the first Swede to sign for a club in the new FA WSL. After a successful trial, she signed a deal to play for Doncaster Rovers Belles while living at the Ramada Jarvis hotel in Doncaster. At the end of the English season Karlsson returned to Sweden, signing for Jitex BK. After six Damallsvenskan appearances and one goal, in November 2011 Karlsson De Cecco revealed she had departed Jitex and was considering a contract offer from Italian club Bardolino Verona. She signed a six-month deal to commence on 1 January 2012.
After moving on to Brescia, Karlsson De Cecco transferred to French Division 1 Féminine team AS Saint-Étienne in August 2015.

## International career

Karlsson De Cecco won a total of 57 caps with Sweden at youth level. These comprised eight caps at Under–17 level, 24 at Under–19 level and 25 at Under–21/23 level.
# Anders Björkman

Anders Björkman is a Swedish ski orienteering competitor and world champion. He won a gold medal in the classic distance at the World Ski Orienteering Championships in Skellefteå in 1990. He received individual bronze medals in 1988 and 1990.
# Latif Mir

Abdul Latif Mir (born 16 April 1916) was a Pakistani field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics, where Pakistan placed fourth.
Mir died some time between 1967 and 1978.
# Shafqat Cheema

Shafqat Cheema is a Pakistani actor and producer.
In a career spanning more than three decades, he has particularly become known for his fine acting in negative roles and has been called "Pakistan’s favorite villain".

## Early and personal life

Shafqat graduated from the Jamia Naeemia, an Islamic seminary affiliated with the Barelvi movement, in 1974. He is the son of a religious scholar and a Hafiz (memorizer) and Qari (reciter) of the Qur'an.
Cheema has 5 daughters and 1 son; his son, Sheharyar, starred alongside his father in the 2017 movie Geo Sar Utha Kay, which Cheema also produced, while it was directed by his brother Nadeem Cheema.

## Career

Shafqat claims that his acting career began by coincidence, when he walked into the Shahnoor Studios in Lahore. He then decided that he wanted to become a film actor. He struggled for almost 12 years before he was offered a side role in the film Kalka (1989), which also starred Sultan Rahi.

## Selected filmography
### Films

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1991 | Kalay Chor | | |
| 1992 | God-Father | | |
| 1992 | Munda Bigra Jae | | |
| 1993 | Zabata | | |
| 1994 | Zameen Aasman | | |
| 1994 | Pajero Group | Haji Rasheed Ahmed | |
| 1994 | Ghunda Raj | | |
| 1996 | Baazigar | | |
| 1997 | Umar Mukhtar | | |
| 1998 | Choorian | | |
| 1999 | Kursi Aur Qanoon | | |
| 2000 | Mehndi Waley Hath | | |
| 2001 | Moosa Khan | | |
| 2002 | Toofan | | |
| 2004 | Sassi Punno | | |
| 2006 | Majajan | | |
| 2007 | Jhoomar | | |
| 2007 | Godfather | | |
| 2008 | Zill-e-Shah | Abid Shah | |
| 2008 | Yarana | | Pashto film debut |
| 2011 | Bhai Log | Israr David | |
| 2011 | Bol | Saqa Kanjar (Panderer) | |
| 2011 | Son of Pakistan | | |
| 2013 | Chambaili | | |
| 2013 | Main Hoon Shahid Afridi | Bashir Bhatti | |
| 2013 | Ishq Khuda | | |
| 2014 | The System | Corrupt SHO | |
| 2015 | Wrong No. | Shera | |
| 2015 | Badnam | | Pashto film |
| 2016 | Ishq Positive | | |
| 2016 | Zindagi Kitni Haseen Hai | Cheema | |
| 2016 | Saya e Khuda e Zuljalal | Subedar Sher Muhammad | |
| 2017 | Balu Mahi | | |
| 2017 | Geo Sar Utha Kay | Kalu | |
| 2018 | Parchi | Zodiac | |
| 2019 | Daal Chawal | Bhola Pehlwan | |
| 2019 | Wrong No. 2 | Choudury | |
| 2021 | 36 Garh | | |
| 2022 | The Legend of Maula Jatt | Jeeva Natt | Punjabi film |
| 2022 | Zarrar | Ravinder Kaushik | |
| TBA | Delhi Gate | TBA | Post-production |
| TBA | Mausam | TBA | Filming |
| TBA | Jab Tak Hain Hum | TBA | Post-production |
| TBA | Kambakht | Chaudhry Rustam | Post-production |

### Television series

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Note |
| 2011 | Khuda Aur Muhabbat (season 1) | Ghafoor Coolie | Geo TV | Supporting role |
| 2012 | Ashk | Dinga | Hum TV | Supporting role |
| 2013 | Heer Ranjha | Kedo | PTV Home | Main antagonist |
# Marvin Hatley

Thomas Marvin Hatley (April 3, 1905 – August 26, 1986), professionally known simply as Marvin Hatley, was an American film composer and musical director, best known for his work for the Hal Roach studio from 1929 until 1940.
Hatley wrote many of the musical cues appearing in the Our Gang, Laurel and Hardy, and Charley Chase films. His most memorable composition is "Dance of the Cuckoos" (also known as "Ku-Ku", or "The Cookoo Song"), which serves as Laurel and Hardy's theme song. He was also the "player piano" (performing off-screen) in The Music Box (1932). His work in Laurel and Hardy's films Way Out West and Block-Heads earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Score.
In 1939, Hatley was fired from the Roach studio. At the insistence of Stan Laurel, however, he did return to score one final Laurel & Hardy film, Saps at Sea. Hatley went on to become a lounge pianist, and often remarked that he earned more money in that career than during his days at the Roach studio.
Marvin Hatley was a native of Reed, Oklahoma. He died on August 26, 1986, in Hollywood, California.

## Selected filmography

* I'll Sell My Life (1941)
* Uncle Joe (1941)
# Lutfor Rahman Khan Azad

Lutfor Rahman Khan Azad is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Tangail-3 constituency. He served as the state minister of 5 different ministries during 2001–2006 in the Second Khaleda Cabinet - Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Ministry of Jute, Ministry of NGO Affairs, and Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment.

## Career

Azad was elected from Tangail-3 as a candidate of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 1991, 1996, and 2001. In the three elections he beat Shamsur Rahman Khan Shahjahan, candidate of Bangladesh Awami League and his cousin.
On 2 January 2010, Azad was appointed as one of the international affairs secretaries of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
# Changes (Yes song)

"Changes" is a song by English band Yes, from their 1983 album, 90125. It reached number 6 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart in 1984.

## History

The basic musical and lyrical structure of "Changes" was written by Yes guitarist Trevor Rabin, prior to his joining the band. Once Rabin joined the band, additional music and lyrics were contributed by singer Jon Anderson and drummer Alan White for the version that would appear on 90125. White contributed the shifting minimalistic rhythmic figures and melodies used for the introduction, while Anderson adapted lyrics and parts of the melody (including the chorus and the addition of the "one word from you, one word from me" section of the bridge).

## Alternate versions

Several live version of "Changes" have been released by the band: the 9012Live concert video, its companion album 9012Live: The Solos, and the 1991 box set Yesyears each include a live version of the song.
In 2003, Trevor Rabin released a pair of albums, each of which featured a different version of "Changes": Live in LA features a 1989 live performance of the song, and 90124 features an early demo of the song before Anderson and White's contributions were added.

## Live performances

"Changes" was first played live on the tour supporting 90125 and also played on the Big Generator, Union and Talk tours. After Rabin's departure from the band, the song was permanently dropped from their setlist.
It would not be played live again until 2016 when Rabin joined vocalist Jon Anderson and keyboardist Rick Wakeman in forming Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin, Rick Wakeman.

## Charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 6 |
# David Sagiv

David Sagiv (1928–2019) was an Israeli linguist and journalist, known as the editor in chief of the Sagiv Dictionary, a bi-directional Hebrew-Arabic and Arabic-Hebrew dictionary.
Sagiv was born in 1928 in Basra, Iraq. In 1951 he immigrated to Israel, soon joined Arabic section of Kol Yisrael radio, and in 1979 was appointed as the director of its Arabic service. After a five-year tenure, he retired and devoted himself to translation, dictionaries and the completion of his academic degrees, including a doctorate at Bar-Ilan University, where he researched fundamentalism in Egypt from 1973 to 1993. He translated a series of literature works from Hebrew into Arabic, including works of Ehud Yaari and Zeev Schiff, and from Arabic into Hebrew, including works of Naguib Mahfouz. From 1988 he served as a research fellow at the Truman Institute.
He became interested in Arabic literature when he was in high school in Iraq, encouraged by his teacher. He started collecting words for the purpose of preparing a Hebrew-Arabic dictionary when he was a news editor for the Kol Yisrael radio, in the late 1950s. When the dictionary was almost ready to print, including about 60,000 entries, he looked for a publisher, but could not find one. He waited several years until a publisher called Zohar approached him, and published the dictionary in four volumes, in 1985. But unfortunately, several months after the publication of the dictionary, the publisher went bankrupt. Following the sudden bankruptcy of Zohar Publishing, the court returned the rights to the dictionary to Sagiv, who in turn transferred them to Schocken Publishing. After a process of updating and expansion that lasted over two decades, the dictionary was published by Schocken in 1990 in two volumes. An extensive and significantly upgraded version of the Sagiv Dictionary was published by Schocken in 2008.
In 2007, David Sagiv won the Landau Award for his comprehensive work in the field of linguistics.
# Mauá Wall

Mauá Wall (Portuguese: Muro da Mauá) is a flood wall in the Historic Center of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.
The reinforced concrete wall is located between Mauá Wharf and Mauá Avenue. It is 2,647 meters long, three meters high and it has a three-meter-deep anchored wall foundation, to help prevent underground percolation. It is part of a flood protection system consisting of 68 km of external and internal dikes, 14 metal gates and 19 pumping stations. The wall represents only 4% of the protective dikes' width and is located along the Navegantes Canal, a part of the Jacuí River Delta. The wall was finished in 1974.
The system was built in order to avoid catastrophe similar to the flood of 1941. The coupures had to be closed at various times after their construction.
As an alternative to the permanent wall, a modular stoplog system based on bleachers has been proposed.

## Flood protection system

In addition to the wall, the system has macro-drainage channels (such as Arroio Dilúvio and Arroio Cavalhada streams) and dikes set up under Beira-Rio (to the south) and Presidente Castello Branco avenues (to the north). The pump houses (with 83 pumps capable of pumping 159,000 L/s) are located at specific points in the city to move flood water to Guaíba Lake and Gravataí River.
# Eureka Township, Barton County, Kansas

Eureka Township is a township in Barton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 82.

## History

Eureka Township was organized in 1878.

## Geography

Eureka Township covers an area of 36.1 square miles (93 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Walnut Valley.
# Daniel F. Spulber

Daniel F. Spulber (born January 31, 1953) is the Elinor Hobbs Distinguished Professor of International Business and professor of strategy at the Kellogg School of Management (Northwestern University), where he has taught since 1990. Spulber is also professor of law at the Northwestern University School of Law and research director of the Searle Center on Law, Regulation, and Economic Growth. He is the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.

## Education and early career

His father was the Romanian economist Nicolas Spulber, who taught for many years at Indiana University Bloomington. Daniel Spulber received his B.A. in economics from the University of Michigan in 1974, his M.A. in economics from Northwestern University in 1976, and his Ph.D. in economics from Northwestern University in 1979. He taught at Brown University, the University of Southern California, and the California Institute of Technology before returning to Northwestern.

## Academic work

Spulber's research is in the areas of international economics, industrial organization, microeconomic theory, innovation, entrepreneurship, management strategy, and law. In 1996, he was ranked 6th among economists in the United States and also highly ranked for 1979-2003 adjusted appearances. Spulber has published numerous journal articles in economics journals and law reviews.

## Selected books
### Books written

* The Innovative Entrepreneur. Cambridge University Press. 2014. ISBN 9781107047259.
* The Theory of the Firm: Microeconomics with Endogenous Entrepreneurs, Firms, Markets, and Organizations. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-51738-6.
* Economics and Management of Competitive Strategy, 2009, New Jersey: World Scientific Press
* Networks in Telecommunications: Economics and Law, with Christopher Yoo, 2009, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
* Global Competitive Strategy, 2007, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
* Management Strategy, 2004, New York: McGraw Hill
* Market Microstructure: Intermediaries and the Theory of the Firm, 1999, New York: Cambridge University Press
* The Market Makers: How Leading Companies Create and Win Markets, 1998, New York: McGraw-Hill/ Business Week Books
* Deregulatory Takings and the Regulatory Contract: The Competitive Transformation of Network Industries in the United States, with J. Gregory Sidak, 1997, Cambridge University Press
* Protecting Competition from the Postal Monopoly, with J. Gregory Sidak, 1996, Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute
* Regulation and Markets, 1989, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press

### Books edited

* Famous Fables of Economics: Myths of Market Failures, 2002, Malden, MA: Basil Blackwell
* Essays in the Economics of Renewable Resources, edited with Leonard J. Mirman, 1982, Amsterdam: Elsevier-North Holland Publishing Co.
# Bandenitz

Bandenitz is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.