# List of heads of state of Mexico

The Head of State of Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country. Under the current constitution, this responsibility lies with the President of the United Mexican States, who is head of the supreme executive power of the Mexican Union. Throughout its history, Mexico has had several forms of government. Under the federal constitutions, the title of President was the same as the current one. Under the Seven Laws (centralist), the chief executive was named President of the Republic. In addition, there have been two periods of monarchical rule, during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Mexico.
The chronology of the heads of state of Mexico is complicated due to the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Mexican presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas, each president remained in office an average of fifteen months.
This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed the Mexican Executive duties during periods of transition.

## First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
### First Regency

After the end of the Mexican War of Independence, a Provisional Board of Governing consisting of thirty-four persons was set up. The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence and appointed a regency composed of six people.
| Members | Members | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office |
| Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure |
| | Juan O'Donojú | 28 September 1821 | 8 October 1821 (died) | 10 days |
| | Agustín de Iturbide | 28 September 1821 | 11 April 1822 | 195 days |
| | Manuel de la Barcéna | 28 September 1821 | 11 April 1822 | 195 days |
| | José Isidro Yañez | 28 September 1821 | 11 April 1822 | 195 days |
| | Manuel Velázquez de León | 28 September 1821 | 11 April 1822 | 195 days |
| | Antonio Pérez Martínez | 9 October 1821 | 11 April 1822 | 184 days |

### Second Regency

| Members | Members | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office |
| Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure |
| | Agustín de Iturbide | 11 April 1822 | 18 May 1822 | 37 days |
| | José Isidro Yañez | 11 April 1822 | 18 May 1822 | 37 days |
| | Miguel Valentín | 11 April 1822 | 18 May 1822 | 37 days |
| | Manuel de Heras | 11 April 1822 | 18 May 1822 | 37 days |
| | Nicolás Bravo | 11 April 1822 | 18 May 1822 | 37 days |

### Monarchy of Agustín I

| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign | Reign | Reign | Royal house | Coat of arms |
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign start | Reign end | Duration | Royal house | Coat of arms |
| | Agustín I (1783–1824) | 19 May 1822 | 19 March 1823 | 304 days | Iturbide | |

## Provisional Government (1823–1824)

The Provisional Government of 1823–1824 was an organization that served as the Executive in the government of Mexico after the abdication of Agustín I, monarch of Mexican Empire in 1823. The provisional government was responsible for convening the body that created the Federal Republic and existed from 1 April 1823 to 10 October 1824.
| Head of State | Head of State | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office |
| Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure |
| | Nicolás Bravo | 31 March 1823 | 10 October 1824 | 1 year, 193 days |
| | Guadalupe Victoria | 31 March 1823 | 10 October 1824 | 1 year, 193 days |
| | Pedro Celestino Negrete | 31 March 1823 | 10 October 1824 | 1 year, 193 days |
| | José Mariano Michelena | 1 April 1823 | 10 October 1824 | 1 year, 192 days |
| | Miguel Domínguez | 1 April 1823 | 10 October 1824 | 1 year, 192 days |
| | Vicente Guerrero | 1 April 1823 | 10 October 1824 | 1 year, 192 days |

## First Federal Republic (1824–1835)

The president and vice president did not run jointly and could be from different parties.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Vice President | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Vice President | Notes |
| 1 | | Guadalupe Victoria (1786–1843) | 10 October 1824 | 31 March 1829 | 4 years, 172 days | Independent | Nicolás Bravo (1824-1827) | First constitutionally elected President of Mexico, and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico. |
| 2 | | Vicente Guerrero (1782–1831) | 1 April 1829 | 17 December 1829 | 260 days | Liberal Party | Anastasio Bustamante | He was appointed by Congress after the "resignation" of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza. |
| 3 | | José María Bocanegra (1787–1862) | 17 December 1829 | 23 December 1829 | 6 days | Popular York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party) | Vacant | He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his conservative Vice President Bustamante. |
| | | Vélez–Quintanar–Alaman (Triumvirate) | 23 December 1829 | 31 December 1829 | 8 days | Liberal Party (Vélez) Independent (Quintanar and Alamán) | Vacant | Pedro Vélez president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar. |
| 4 | | Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853) | 1 January 1830 | 13 August 1832 | 2 years, 225 days | Conservative Party | Vacant | As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the conservative coup against Guerrero. |
| 5 | | Melchor Múzquiz (1790–1844) | 14 August 1832 | 24 December 1832 | 132 days | Popular York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party) | Vacant | He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna. |
| 6 | | Manuel Gómez Pedraza (1789–1851) | 24 December 1832 | 31 March 1833 | 97 days | Federalist York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party) | Vacant | He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829, had he not "resigned" prior to inauguration, as the winner of the elections of 1828. |
| 7 | | Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) | 1 April 1833 | 16 May 1833 | 45 days | Liberal Party | Himself | As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833. |
| 8 | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 16 May 1833 | 3 June 1833 | 18 days | Liberal Party | Valentín Gómez Farías | He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally-elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gómez Farías four more times until 24 April 1834. |
| (7) | | Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) | 3 June 1833 | 18 June 1833 | 15 days | Liberal Party | Himself | |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 18 June 1833 | 5 July 1833 | 17 days | Liberal Party | Valentín Gómez Farías | |
| (7) | | Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) | 5 July 1833 | 27 October 1833 | 114 days | Liberal Party | Himself | |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 27 October 1833 | 15 December 1833 | 49 days | Liberal Party | Valentín Gómez Farías | |
| (7) | | Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) | 16 December 1833 | 24 April 1834 | 129 days | Liberal Party | Himself | He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. Santa Anna took office again aligned with conservatives; Gómez Farías went into exile. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 24 April 1834 | 27 January 1835 | 278 days | Conservative Party | Valentín Gómez Farías | He cancelled the liberal reforms. On 27 January, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Gómez Farías as Vice President. |
| 9 | | Miguel Barragán (1789–1836) | 28 January 1835 | 27 February 1836 | 1 year, 30 days | Conservative Party | Vacant | He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the rebellion of Zacatecas. On 23 October, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic. |

## Centralist Republic (1835–1846)

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| 9 | | Miguel Barragán (1789–1836) | 28 January 1835 | 27 February 1836 | 1 year, 30 days | Conservative Party | He left office because of a serious illness. He died three days later. |
| 10 | | José Justo Corro (1794–1864) | 27 February 1836 | 19 April 1837 | 1 year, 51 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term. During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico. |
| (4) | | Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853) | 19 April 1837 | 18 March 1839 | 1 year, 333 days | Conservative Party | He took office as constitutional elected president. He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 18 March 1839 | 10 July 1839 | 114 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions. |
| 11 | | Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854) | 11 July 1839 | 19 July 1839 | 8 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office. |
| (4) | | Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853) | 19 July 1839 | 22 September 1841 | 2 years, 65 days | Conservative Party | He reassumed the presidency. |
| 12 | | Francisco Javier Echeverría (1797–1852) | 22 September 1841 | 10 October 1841 | 18 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna, and Gabriel Valencia. He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 10 October 1841 | 26 October 1842 | 1 year, 16 days | Liberal Party | He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments). |
| (11) | | Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854) | 26 October 1842 | 4 March 1843 | 129 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 4 March 1843 | 4 October 1843 | 214 days | Liberal Party | He reassumed the presidency as provisional president. |
| 13 | | Valentín Canalizo (1794–1850) | 4 October 1843 | 4 June 1844 | 244 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 4 June 1844 | 12 September 1844 | 100 days | Liberal Party | He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on 2 January 1844. |
| 14 | | José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854) | 12 September 1844 | 21 September 1844 | 9 days | Liberal Party | He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo. |
| (13) | | Valentín Canalizo (1794–1850) | 21 September 1844 | 6 December 1844 | 76 days | Conservative Party | He assumed the presidency as interim president. |
| (14) | | José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854) | 6 December 1844 | 30 December 1845 | 1 year, 24 days | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress. |
| 15 | | Mariano Paredes (1797–1849) | 31 December 1845 | 28 July 1846 | 209 days | Conservative Party | He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera. On 12 June, he was appointed interim president. |
| 15 | | Mariano Paredes (1797–1849) | 31 December 1845 | 28 July 1846 | 209 days | Conservative Party | Vice President Nicolás Bravo |
| (11) | | Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854) | 28 July 1846 | 4 August 1846 | 7 days | Conservative Party | He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican–American War. He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias. |
| 16 | | José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) | 5 August 1846 | 23 December 1846 | 140 days | Conservative Party | He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela). He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on 22 August. He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic. |

## Second Federal Republic (1846–1863)

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| 16 | | José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) | 5 August 1846 | 23 December 1846 | 140 days | Conservative Party | After he restored federalism, he called elections. Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president. |
| (7) | | Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) | 23 December 1846 | 21 March 1847 | 88 days | Liberal Party | As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the invading U.S. Army in the Mexican–American War. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 21 March 1847 | 2 April 1847 | 12 days | Liberal Party | He took office as elected interim president. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 21 March 1847 | 2 April 1847 | 12 days | Liberal Party | Vice President Valentín Gómez Farías |
| 17 | | Pedro María de Anaya (1794–1854) | 2 April 1847 | 20 May 1847 | 48 days | Liberal Party | Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 20 May 1847 | 15 September 1847 | 118 days | Liberal Party | He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. |
| 18 | | Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789–1850) | 16 September 1847 | 13 November 1847 | 58 days | Conservative Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation. |
| (17) | | Pedro María de Anaya (1794–1854) | 13 November 1847 | 8 January 1848 | 56 days | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Peña y Peña left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States. |
| (18) | | Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789–1850) | 8 January 1848 | 3 June 1848 | 147 days | Conservative Party | He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned after refusing to give any land to the United States. During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. |
| (14) | | José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854) | 3 June 1848 | 15 January 1851 | 2 years, 226 days | Liberal Party | He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista. |
| 19 | | Mariano Arista (1802–1855) | 15 January 1851 | 5 January 1853 | 1 year, 356 days | Liberal Party | He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, the goal of which was to bring Santa Anna once again to the presidency. |
| 20 | | Juan Bautista Ceballos (1811–1859) | 6 January 1853 | 7 February 1853 | 32 days | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress. |
| 21 | | Manuel María Lombardini (1802–1853) | 8 February 1853 | 20 April 1853 | 71 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio. |
| (8) | | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) | 20 April 1853 | 5 August 1855 | 2 years, 107 days | Conservative Party | He swore as President but ruled as dictator. He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness). The Mexican National Anthem was composed during his presidency. |
| 22 | | Martín Carrera (1806–1871) | 5 August 1855 | 12 September 1855 | 38 days | Conservative Party | He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla but he took office until 15 August. |
| 23 | | Rómulo Díaz de la Vega (1800–1877) | 12 September 1855 | 3 October 1855 | 21 days | Conservative Party | He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation. |
| 24 | | Juan Álvarez (1790–1867) | 4 October 1855 | 11 December 1855 | 68 days | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla. |
| 25 | | Ignacio Gregorio Comonfort de los Ríos (1812–1863) | 11 December 1855 | 17 December 1857 | 2 years, 6 days | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned. He became constitutional president on 1 December 1857. |

### Reform War 1858–1860

There were two rival governments during the civil war of the Reform, which the liberals won.

#### President recognized by the Liberals

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| 26 | | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) | 18 December 1857 | 18 July 1872 (died) | 14 years, 213 days | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on 18 January 1858. The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War. |

#### Presidents recognized by the Conservatives

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| (25) | | Ignacio Gregorio Comonfort de los Ríos (1812–1863) | 17 December 1857 | 21 January 1858 | 35 days | Liberal Party | After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was no longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers. |
| 27 | | Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) | 11 January 1858 | 24 December 1858 | 347 days | Conservative Party | After disowning Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party. |
| 28 | | Manuel Robles Pezuela (1817–1862) | 24 December 1858 | 21 January 1859 | 28 days | Conservative Party | He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad. |
| (16) | | José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) | 21 January 1859 | 2 February 1859 | 12 days | Conservative Party | He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón. |
| 29 | | Miguel Miramón (1831–1867) | 2 February 1859 | 13 August 1860 | 1 year, 193 days | Conservative Party | He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office. |
| 30 | | José Ignacio Pavón (1791–1866) | 13 August 1860 | 15 August 1860 | 2 days | Conservative Party | As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government, he took office for two days when Miramón left office. |
| (29) | | Miguel Miramón (1831–1867) | 15 August 1860 | 24 December 1860 | 131 days | Conservative Party | He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives. He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country. |

## Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)
### Regency

On 22 June 1863, a "Superior Governing Board" was established. On 11 July, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.
| Members | Members | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party |
| Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party |
| | Juan Nepomuceno Almonte | 11 July 1863 | 10 April 1864 | 274 days | Conservative Party |
| | José Mariano Salas | 11 July 1863 | 10 April 1864 | 274 days | Conservative Party |
| | Pelagio Antonio de Labastida | 11 July 1863 | 17 November 1863 | 129 days | Conservative Party |
| | José Ignacio Pavón | 11 July 1863 | 2 January 1864 | 175 days | Conservative Party |
| | Juan Bautista Ormaechea | 17 November 1863 | 10 April 1864 | 145 days | Conservative Party |

### Monarchy of Maximilian I

| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign | Reign | Reign | Royal house | Coat of arms |
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign start | Reign ended | Duration | Royal house | Coat of arms |
| | Maximilian I (1832–1867) | 10 April 1864 | 19 June 1867 | 3 years, 70 days | Habsburg-Lorraine | |

## Restored Republic (1867–1876)

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| (26) | | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) | — | 18 December 1857 | 11 June 1861 | 14 years, 213 days | Liberal Party | The first term he was interim president during the Reform War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on 1 December. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic. |
| (26) | | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) | 1861 | 11 June 1861 | 30 November 1865 | 14 years, 213 days | Liberal Party | The first term he was interim president during the Reform War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on 1 December. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic. |
| (26) | | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) | — | 1 December 1865 | 30 November 1867 | 14 years, 213 days | Liberal Party | The first term he was interim president during the Reform War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on 1 December. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic. |
| (26) | | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) | 1867 | 1 December 1867 | 30 November 1871 | 14 years, 213 days | Liberal Party | The first term he was interim president during the Reform War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on 1 December. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic. |
| (26) | | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) | 1871 | 1 December 1871 | 18 July 1872 | 14 years, 213 days | Liberal Party | The first term he was interim president during the Reform War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on 1 December. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic. |
| 31 | | Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada (1823–1889) | — | 18 July 1872 | 30 November 1872 | 4 years, 155 days | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was the winner of the extraordinary election of 1872 and became constitutional president. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his constitutional term. |
| 31 | | Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada (1823–1889) | 1872 | 1 December 1872 | 20 November 1876 | 4 years, 155 days | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was the winner of the extraordinary election of 1872 and became constitutional president. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his constitutional term. |
| 32 | | José María Iglesias (1823–1891) | — | 26 October 1876 | 28 November 1876 | 33 days | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he voided, on grounds of fraud, the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid, and then declared himself interim president. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on 20 November, he became constitutional interim president. |

## Porfiriato (1876–1911)

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| 33 | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | — | 28 November 1876 | 6 December 1876 | 8 days | Liberal Party | He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile. |
| 34 | | Juan N. Méndez (1824–1894) | — | 6 December 1876 | 17 February 1877 | 73 days | Liberal Party | He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada. |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1877 | 17 February 1877 | 30 November 1880 | 3 years, 287 days | Liberal Party | He reassumed the presidency. On 5 May, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress. |
| 35 | | Manuel González Flores (1833–1893) | 1880 | 1 December 1880 | 30 November 1884 | 4 years | Liberal Party | He was the winner of the 1880 general election. |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1884 | 1 December 1884 | 25 May 1911 | 26 years, 175 days | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party | He was the winner of the general election in 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910. He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution. |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1888 | 1 December 1884 | 25 May 1911 | 26 years, 175 days | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party | He was the winner of the general election in 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910. He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution. |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1892 | 1 December 1884 | 25 May 1911 | 26 years, 175 days | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party | He was the winner of the general election in 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910. He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution. |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1896 | 1 December 1884 | 25 May 1911 | 26 years, 175 days | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party | He was the winner of the general election in 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910. He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution. |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1900 | 1 December 1884 | 25 May 1911 | 26 years, 175 days | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party | He was the winner of the general election in 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910. He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution. |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1904 | 1 December 1884 | 25 May 1911 | 26 years, 175 days | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party | Vice President Ramón Corral (since 1904) |
| (33) | | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) | 1910 | 1 December 1884 | 25 May 1911 | 26 years, 175 days | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party | Vice President Ramón Corral (since 1904) |

## Revolution (1911–1928)
### Political parties

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| 36 | | Francisco León de la Barra (1863–1939) | — | 25 May 1911 | 5 November 1911 | 164 days | Independent | According to the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez, he assumed office as interim president. Immediately called for elections. |
| 37 | | Francisco I. Madero (1873–1913) | 1911 | 6 November 1911 | 19 February 1913 | 1 year, 95 days | Progressive Constitutionalist Party | He was the winner of the 1911 general election. He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days organized by Victoriano Huerta, Félix Díaz and the U.S. ambassador Henry L. Wilson. He was murdered three days later along with the vice president Pino Suárez. |
| 37 | | Francisco I. Madero (1873–1913) | 1911 | 6 November 1911 | 19 February 1913 | 1 year, 95 days | Progressive Constitutionalist Party | Vice President José María Pino Suárez |
| 38 | | Pedro Lascuráin (1856–1952) | — | 19 February 1913 | 19 February 1913 | About 45 minutes | Independent | As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of the Interior and then resigned the Presidency. |
| 39 | | Victoriano Huerta (1850–1916) | — | 19 February 1913 | 15 July 1914 | 1 year, 146 days | Independent | He assumed office via a coup against Francisco I. Madero. He was defeated by the Constitutional Army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza. |
| 40 | | Francisco S. Carvajal (1870–1932) | — | 15 July 1914 | 13 August 1914 | 29 days | Independent | He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta. He resigned after the signing of the Teoloyucan Treaties. |

### Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes

The Conventionists were followers of revolutionary generals Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. They fought a civil war with the followers of revolutionaries under Venustiano Carranza.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Notes |
| 41 | | Eulalio Gutiérrez (1881–1939) | 6 November 1914 | 16 January 1915 | 71 days | He was appointed provisional president. |
| 42 | | Roque González Garza (1885–1962) | 16 January 1915 | 10 June 1915 | 145 days | He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City. |
| 43 | | Francisco Lagos Cházaro (1878–1932) | 10 June 1915 | 10 October 1915 | 122 days | He assumed office as provisional president when González Garza resigned. |

### Constitutionalist victory and restoration of democracy

The revolutionary Constitutionalist Army under the authority "First Chief" Venustiano Carranza defeated the Army of the Convention in 1915, with a new constitution drafted in 1916–17.

#### Political parties

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| 44 | | Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920) | — | Head of the Executive Power First Chief of the Constitutional Army | Head of the Executive Power First Chief of the Constitutional Army | 2 years, 260 days | Liberal Constitutionalist Party | He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal. He did not immediately call for presidential elections, which he had promised under the Plan of Guadalupe but ruled as the "pre-constitutional" head of government. He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the 1917 general election and took office as Constitutional President on 1 May 1917. He died during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta, led by three revolutionary generals. |
| 44 | | Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920) | — | 13 August 1914 | 30 April 1917 | 2 years, 260 days | Liberal Constitutionalist Party | He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal. He did not immediately call for presidential elections, which he had promised under the Plan of Guadalupe but ruled as the "pre-constitutional" head of government. He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the 1917 general election and took office as Constitutional President on 1 May 1917. He died during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta, led by three revolutionary generals. |
| 44 | | Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920) | 1917 | President of Mexico | President of Mexico | 3 years, 20 days | Liberal Constitutionalist Party | He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal. He did not immediately call for presidential elections, which he had promised under the Plan of Guadalupe but ruled as the "pre-constitutional" head of government. He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the 1917 general election and took office as Constitutional President on 1 May 1917. He died during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta, led by three revolutionary generals. |
| 44 | | Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920) | 1917 | 1 May 1917 | 21 May 1920 | 3 years, 20 days | Liberal Constitutionalist Party | He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal. He did not immediately call for presidential elections, which he had promised under the Plan of Guadalupe but ruled as the "pre-constitutional" head of government. He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the 1917 general election and took office as Constitutional President on 1 May 1917. He died during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta, led by three revolutionary generals. |
| 45 | | Adolfo de la Huerta (1881–1955) | — | 1 June 1920 | 30 November 1920 | 182 days | Liberal Constitutionalist Party | He was one of the leaders of the coup against Carranza, who had attempted to impose a civilian successor in 1920. De la Huerta was appointed provisional president by Congress. |
| 46 | | Álvaro Obregón (1880–1928) | 1920 | 1 December 1920 | 30 November 1924 | 4 years | Laborist Party | He was the most successful general of the Constitutionalist Army and joined the rebellion against Carranza. When elections were held in the aftermath of the coup, he was the winner of the 1920 general election. Obregón designated Plutarco Elías Calles as his successor; fellow Sonoran general Adolfo de la Huerta rebelled with considerable revolutionary army support, but Obregón crushed the rebellion. |
| 47 | | Plutarco Elías Calles (1877–1945) | 1924 | 1 December 1924 | 30 November 1928 | 4 years | Laborist Party | He was the winner of the 1924 general election. He changed the constitution to allow non-consecutive election of a president, allowing Obregón to run again in 1928. Obregón was re-elected but was assassinated before being sworn in. Calles then founded the political party that managed presidential succession until 2000. |

## Maximato (1928–1934)

President-elect Obregón was assassinated before he was inaugurated for a six-year presidential term. Calles brought together revolutionaries to found the National Revolutionary Party (now the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)). Calles could not succeed himself as president, but he remained the power behind the presidency as the jefe máximo (maximum chief).

### Political parties

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Notes |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party | Notes |
| 48 | | Emilio Portes Gil (1890–1978) | — | 1 December 1928 | 4 February 1930 | 1 year, 65 days | National Revolutionary Party | He was appointed interim president by Congress, after the assassination of the winner of the 1928 general election, president-elect Álvaro Obregón. |
| 49 | | Pascual Ortiz Rubio (1877–1963) | 1929 | 5 February 1930 | 4 September 1932 | 2 years, 212 days | National Revolutionary Party | He was the winner of the 1929 general election. He resigned due to the intervention of Calles in his government. |
| 50 | | Abelardo L. Rodríguez (1889–1967) | — | 4 September 1932 | 30 November 1934 | 2 years, 87 days | National Revolutionary Party | He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1928–1934 term. |

## Modern Mexico (1934–present)

After the constitutional reform of 1926, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928; with a formal ban on reelection. After the 1934 general election, all the presidents have completed their six-year terms.

### Political parties

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Political party |
| 51 | | Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (1895–1970) | 1934 | 1 December 1934 | 30 November 1940 | 6 years | National Revolutionary Party |
| 52 | | Manuel Ávila Camacho (1897–1955) | 1940 | 1 December 1940 | 30 November 1946 | 6 years | Party of the Mexican Revolution |
| 53 | | Miguel Alemán Valdés (1900–1983) | 1946 | 1 December 1946 | 30 November 1952 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 54 | | Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1889–1973) | 1952 | 1 December 1952 | 30 November 1958 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 55 | | Adolfo López Mateos (1909–1969) | 1958 | 1 December 1958 | 30 November 1964 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 56 | | Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1911–1979) | 1964 | 1 December 1964 | 30 November 1970 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 57 | | Luis Echeverría Álvarez (1922–2022) | 1970 | 1 December 1970 | 30 November 1976 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 58 | | José López Portillo (1920–2004) | 1976 | 1 December 1976 | 30 November 1982 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 59 | | Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (1934–2012) | 1982 | 1 December 1982 | 30 November 1988 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 60 | | Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 1948) | 1988 | 1 December 1988 | 30 November 1994 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 61 | | Ernesto Zedillo (born 1951) | 1994 | 1 December 1994 | 30 November 2000 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 62 | | Vicente Fox (born 1942) | 2000 | 1 December 2000 | 30 November 2006 | 6 years | National Action Party |
| 63 | | Felipe Calderón (born 1962) | 2006 | 1 December 2006 | 30 November 2012 | 6 years | National Action Party |
| 64 | | Enrique Peña Nieto (born 1966) | 2012 | 1 December 2012 | 30 November 2018 | 6 years | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| 65 | | Andrés Manuel López Obrador (born 1953) | 2018 | 1 December 2018 | 30 September 2024 | 5 years, 304 days | National Regeneration Movement |
| 66 | | Claudia Sheinbaum (born 1962) | 2024 | 1 October 2024 | Incumbent | 152 days | National Regeneration Movement |

## Presidents who died in office

| President | Term of office | Date of death | Notes |
| Benito Juárez | 1857–1872 | 18 July 1872 (aged 66) | Only President of Mexico who died of natural causes while in office. |
| Venustiano Carranza | 1914–1920 | 21 May 1920 (aged 60) | Only President of Mexico to be assassinated while in office. |