OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Moscow City Telephone Network

The Moscow City Telephone Network (MCTN; Russian: Московская городская телефонная сеть, romanized: Moskovskaja Gorodskaja Telefonnaja Set' (MGTS)) is a public joint-stock company providing local telephone and internet service to over 4,000,000 subscribers in the city of Moscow, Russia. Its Latin acronym is MGTS.

## History

Founded in 1882, the Bell Telephone Company built a manually operated exchange with a capacity of 800 numbers and 26 households signed up. In two years the roll had increased to 3,000. In 1891 the Swedish-Danish-Russian Joint Stock Company signed a contract to provide service to Moscow for 18 years. In 1994 the Moscow City Telephone Network was structured into a joint stock company. A majority stake is held by Mobile TeleSystems.
In November 2013 it was reported that the company chose four suppliers of main and distribution of fiber optic cables for the development of optical fiber cables network until 2016 volume of purchases made more than 1 billion rubles. Earlier that month the company announced rebranding and new positioning of the company as a multi-service operator, to create a single digital platform of Moscow. In 2014 the operator will complete the construction of a dagital technology platform based on fiber networks to buildings (FTTx) and will provide all users access to a package of services, including broadband Internet access (broadband), digital TV, and telephony. By late 2013 The company has built about 25 thousand kilometers connecting 650,000 households in Moscow.
In January 2014 it was reported that the Moscow Government plans to revoke MGTS monopoly on public telephones, which the company had since 1994, and to select a new operator that will add completely new device features, such as parking fees payment option.
In May 2021 MTS President Vyacheslav Nikolaev announced MGTS slit-off, as well as other telecom, IT, and cloud-focused companies to MTS Web Services legal entity by the end of the year 2021.
In August 2021 Albert Gilmanov, MGTS ex-COO and member of the board of directors, was appointed MGTS CEO with a three-year contract in place of Vladislav Medvedev, who previously headed MGTS from November 2019 and will continue his MGTS challenge as CTO.

## Management

CEO - Gilmanov Albert Timurovich (2024).
# Sŭngjŏngwŏn

Sŭngjŏngwŏn (Korean: 승정원; Hanja: 承政院; RR: Seungjeongwon), or Royal Secretariat, was the royal administrative office during the Joseon dynasty responsible for receiving and delivering the king's orders. The office was also called Chŏngwŏn (정원; 政院), Huwŏn (후원; 喉院), Ŭndae (은대; 銀臺), or Taeŏnsa (대언사; 代言司). According to the Kyŏngguk taejŏn (Complete Codes of Law), the Sŭngjŏngwŏn had six royal secretaries (승지; 承旨; sŭngji), whose ranks were in the 3rd senior grade, as well as two recorders (주서; 注書; chusŏ).
The duties of the royal secretaries were primarily to deliver the monarch's orders to government organizations (under the Joseon administrative system the monarch never delivered his orders directly to any government office) and to report on official affairs of the state organizations to the throne. The six secretary system is explained by the fact that the government of Joseon was composed of six boards (or ministries).
The six secretaries served respectively the Boards of Personnel, War, Taxation, Rites, Works, and Punishment. However, the secretaries were not limited to liaison work between the six boards and the monarch; they also reported to the king the business of all government offices, primary among these being the State Council (Uijeongbu), the Office of Censor-General (Saganwon), and the Office of Inspector-General (Saheon-bu). As the name implies, the primary duty of the recorders was to make a record of all the official business handled by the secretaries. As the work of the secretaries had to be conducted at all hours, and it was required that they have ready access to the monarch at all times, the office of the Sŭngjŏngwŏn was established within easy reach of the king at court.
The records of the Sŭngjŏngwŏn were compiled into the Seungjeongwon ilgi (Diary of the Royal Secretariat), which remains a primary source for the study of the Joseon dynasty.
# Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve

Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve is a 134-acre (0.5 km$^2$) protected area for flora, fauna, and wildlife in Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania, a Pittsburgh suburb. The site has served as the headquarters of the Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania (ASWP) since 1977.
The Western Pennsylvania Conservancy owns the land on which Beechwood Farms is located, and leases the site to the ASWP. The nature reserve comprises woodlands, fields, streams, and a pond. It also features more than 5 miles (8.0 km) of walking trails—open from dawn to dusk every day year-round, some of which are accessible for individuals with special needs.

## Audubon Society at Beechwood

Audubon facilities at Beechwood Farms now include classrooms, a teacher resource center, a natural history library, the Audubon Nature Store, and the Evans Nature Center auditorium. When built in the 1980s, the education building made use of green building techniques, including natural light and heat conserving mechanisms, and composting toilets.
The history of Audubon at Beechwood began when Rachel Mellon Walton, along with her daughter, Farley Walton Whetzel, acquired the former Flinn estate. In the 1970s the two women donated the land to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, which selected the Audubon Society to be the stewards of the reserve.
The Flinn estate dates back to 1903. After his retirement from politics, William Flinn (1851–1924), a prominent Pittsburgh businessman and politician, bought the property, which then occupied more than 350 acres (1.4 km$^2$) on both sides of Dorseyville Road. He established himself there as a gentleman farmer and called it "Beechwood Farms". It was best known for its herd of registered Guernsey cattle, which provided dairy products to the local area.
Today, Beechwood Farms is located in the suburb of Fox Chapel, north of Pittsburgh. It is one of two nature reserves operated by the ASWP; the other is Todd Nature Reserve, located 22 miles from Beechwood Farms in Sarver.
# Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)

The Democratic Republican Party (Korean: 민주공화당; Hanja: 民主共和黨; RR: Minjugonghwadang; DRP) was a conservative, broadly corporatist and nationalist political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963 to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980.

## History

Under the control of Park Chung Hee, President of South Korea from his military coup d'état of 1961 until his assassination in 1979, the party oversaw a period of corporatism and developmentalism, known as the "Miracle of the Han River", where a predominantly poor and agrarian country was transformed into an industrial "tiger economy". The combination of state and corporate chaebol power pioneered by the party continues to be deeply built into the foundations of the South Korean economic system.
Following the promulgation in October 1972 of the Yushin Constitution, which implemented numerous authoritarian centralizing measures such as the direct appointment of a third of the National Assembly by the President, the DRP assumed an unprecedented level of political power. For the next eight years, South Korea was essentially a one-party state ruled by the DRP.
After Park's assassination on 26 October 1979 and the seizure of power by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth, the DRP was dissolved on 1 September 1980, and nominally superseded by the Korean National Party. However, leadership of the state was assumed by the Democratic Justice Party, formed in January 1981, which is seen as the spiritual successor of the DRP in terms of its constitutional vision and mimicking of Park's leadership style, beside the different economic approach. Through evolution, the Grand National Party is seen by many as the modern heir to the DRP, though the policies advocated by South Korean conservatives have changed significantly since South Korea's democratization in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

## Election results
### President

| Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result |
| 1963 | Park Chung Hee | 4,702,640 | 46.65 | Elected |
| 1967 | Park Chung Hee | 5,688,666 | 51.44 | Elected |
| 1971 | Park Chung Hee | 6,342,828 | 53.2 | Elected |
| 1972 | Park Chung Hee | 2,357 | 100 | Elected |
| 1978 | Park Chung Hee | 2,578 | 100 | Elected |

### Legislature

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Position | Status |
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Constituency | Party list | Total | +/– | Position | Status |
| 1963 | Park Chung Hee | 3,112,985 | 33.48 | 88 / 131 | 22 / 44 | 110 / 175 | new | 1st | Government |
| 1967 | Park Chung Hee | 5,494,922 | 50.62 | 102 / 131 | 27 / 44 | 129 / 175 | 19 | 1st | Government |
| 1971 | Park Chung Hee | 5,460,581 | 48.77 | 86 / 153 | 27 / 51 | 113 / 204 | 16 | 1st | Government |
| 1973 | Park Chung Hee | 4,251,754 | 38.68 | | | 73 / 146 | 40 | 1st | Government |
| 1978 | Park Chung Hee | 4,695,995 | 31.7 | | | 68 / 154 | 5 | 1st | Government |
# Souvik Das

Souvik Das (born 23 August 1995) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for SC Bengaluru.

## Club career

Born in Kalyani, West Bengal, Das was a part of the youth U-19 India Elite Academy side and also a part of Sporting Goa. He was promoted to the senior squad for the 2016–17 Goa Pro League.
On 13 January 2017, Das made his professional debut for Minerva Punjab in the I-League against Aizawl. He started and played the full match despite Minerva Punjab losing 1–0.

## International career

Das has represented and captained India at the under-19 level.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 3 April 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Minerva Punjab | 2016–17 | I-League | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 1 |
| Minerva Punjab | 2017–18 | I-League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Minerva Punjab | 2018–19 | I-League | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Minerva Punjab | 2019–20 | I-League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Minerva Punjab | 2020–21 | I-League | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Minerva Punjab | Total | Total | 52 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 55 | 1 |
| Sudeva Delhi | 2021–22 | I-League | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| Sudeva Delhi | 2022–23 | I-League | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Sudeva Delhi | Total | Total | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Rajasthan United | 2022–23 | I-League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 70 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 74 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in AFC Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Super Cup
# Md. Rustum Ali Faraji

Md. Rustum Ali Faraji (born 21 March 1952) is a Bangladeshi politician who is former Jatiya Sangsad member from the Pirojpur-3 constituency. He has been a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and the Jatiya Party (Ershad).

## Early life and career

Faraji worked as physician before becoming a politician.
Faraji was elected to the parliament from Pirojpur-3 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 1996 and as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 2001. He was elected to parliament on 5 January 2014 from Pirojpur-3 as an independent candidate. He is a member of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Public Accounts.
Faraji was not nominated by the Jatiya Party for the 2024 Bangladeshi general election.
# Subhas Sumbhu Chakraborty

Subhas Sumbhu Chakraborty (born 23 October 1985) is retired Indian football player who last played for Mumbai in the I-League as a midfielder.
# Saching Prue Jerry

Sacing Prue Jerry is a Bangladeshi politician from Bandarban belonging to Bangladesh Nationalist Party. He is a former member of the Jatiya Sangsad. He is the son of Aung Shwe Prue Chowdhury. His aunt Ma Mya Ching is a former member of the Jatiya Sangsad.

## Biography

Jerry is a prince of Bohmong Circle. He was elected as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from Bandarban in the Sixth General Election of Bangladesh. He also served as the chairman of Bandarban Sadar Upazila and Bandarban Hill District Council.
# Abu Lais Md. Mubin Chowdhury

Abu Lais Md. Mubin Chowdhury was a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and four-term member of parliament from Habiganj-3.

## Career

Chowdhury was elected to parliament in 1988, 1991, and 1996 from Habiganj-3 as a candidate of the Jatiya Party. In 2000, he was a member of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on the Ministry of Planning. He lost the 2001 election to Awami League candidate Shah A M S Kibria. He is a former chairman of Habiganj Zila Parishad. He was nominated to contest a by-election in Habiganj-3 on 25 April 2005. The by-elections were called following the assassination of member of parliament of Habiganj-3 and Bangladesh Awami League politician, Shah A M S Kibria. He won the by-election. He lost the 2008 election to Md. Abu Zahir.

## Death

Chowdhury died of a heart attack at Shaistanagar town in Habiganj city on 27 December 2013, and was buried on the same day at Shastanagar graveyard.
# Chinese Times

The Chinese Times was a Chinese language newspaper established in Melbourne in 1902. Its Chinese title was initially 愛國報 Aiguobao (Patriotic Newspaper, 1902–1905), later 警東新報 Jingdongxinbao (1905–1914), 平報 Pingbao (1917), 民報 Minbao (The People, 1919-1922). At the time of its establishment it was the only Chinese-language newspaper in Melbourne, and one of three in Australia (along with the Chinese-Australian Herald and the Tung Wah Times, both published in Sydney). From 1919 it was the official newspaper of the Kuomintang in Australia. It moved to Sydney in 1922, where it continued to publish until 1949.
The first edition appeared on 5 February 1902. It appeared weekly, initially on Wednesdays but from February 1905 on Saturdays. It ceased publication on a few occasions, including in 1907, between 1915 and 1919, and between 1920 and 1922.

## Editorship

The founding editor and owner was 鄭祿 Zheng Lu, also known as Thomas Chang Luke. Zheng had been editor of the Tung Wah Times between 1899 and 1901 but his republican views became a source of tension and he left to start his own newspaper.
In 1905 Zheng sold the Chinese Times to Ruan Jianzhai. The paper closed temporarily in 1907 owing to financial difficulties. In 1908 it was revived by the Chinese Empire Reform Association as an organ for the republican movement, with Lew Goot-chee (Liu Dihuan) and later Wong Shee Ping (Wong Yue-kung) acting as editors. In 1919, the paper was transferred to the Melbourne branch of the Kuomintang. In 1922 the paper moved to Sydney, initially with Wong as editor. It continued to publish until the end of the Second World War.

## Politics

The Chinese Times was critical of the Ch’ing establishment, encouraged its readers to support reform, and according to historian Morag Loh “by 1910 was openly republican”. From 1919 it was the official publication of the Kuomintang in Australia. It was frequently critical of the Tung Wah Times, which supported a constitutional monarchy.
As well as encouraging its readers to support the republican cause back in China, the newspaper documented the discrimination faced by Chinese people living in Australia and the effects of the White Australia Policy, which had come into effect in 1901.

## Publication of The Poison of Polygamy

In 1909 and 1910, the Chinese Times published, in serial form, The Poison of Polygamy by Wong Shee Ping, the first Chinese-language novel to be published in Australia and possibly in the West. A bilingual edition of the novel, reproducing the original Classical Chinese and an English translation by Ely Finch, was published by Sydney University Press in 2019.

## Digitisation

The National Library of Australia and State Library of Victoria digitised the Chinese Times as part of the Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation project. The digitised copies span 1902 to 1922 and can be accessed via Trove. There are few known remaining copies from after 1922, when the newspaper’s editorial office moved to Sydney.
# Lithuanian land confederation

The Lithuanian land confederation (Lithuanian: Lietuvių žemių konfederacija) was a political union between the early dukes of Lithuania that constituted the transition to the early feudal Lithuanian state. It was part of a larger trend in the 13th century of various Baltic tribes forming land confederations, albeit none gave rise to individual Baltic states such as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This period also marked the emergence of the allod, wherein an individual family would own land, replacing communal land ownership. It would be another key factor in the emerging unification of the Lithuanian tribes.

## Formation

According to historians, the main reason for the formation of the land confederation was the transition of tribal nobility into landed lords called kunigai, who were backed by their own standing armies. The strongest of these landed lords consolidated their hegemony and became senior dukes with their own duchies. These dukes headed the land confederation, which covered the lands of ethnic Lithuanians. The Lithuanians were also in an advantageous position due to the state of the nearby fractured and weak Slavic duchies; attacks from Lithuania increased the power of the Lithuanian dukes.

## History

The land confederation's core belonged to the historical land of Lithuania and possibly southern Nalšia. At first, the most prominent of the confederation's senior dukes were Dangerutis and Steksė. However, they died in fights with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, and so their place was taken by five other dukes (representing three families): Živinbudas, Daujotas with Viligaila and Dausprungas with Mindaugas. They controlled the areas of Kuleiniai, Laukuva, Tverai, Ariogala, Betygala, Raseiniai, Šiauliai, Upytė, Deltuva, Neris, east and north Nalšia, and Karšuva, which had their own respective lesser dukes. These lesser and senior dukes were the signatories of the Galicia-Volhynia Treaty of 1219, the primary source of the land confederation. Also subordinate to the confederation's command were Gerdenis and Daumantas, dukes of Polotsk and Pskov respectively.
It is known that in some cases, such as in 1207, the confederation's entire army was raised, though usually local ducal armies sufficed. After the death of Dausprungas, Mindaugas became head of the family and dealt with political enemies, consolidating power, thus becoming Grand Duke and eventually, King of Lithuania.
# Meno Ektos

Meno Ektos (English title: I Still Remain An Outcast; Greek: Μένω Εκτός) is an album by popular Greek artist Eleftheria Arvanitaki. It was released in 1991 and it is her fourth personal album. It went gold in Greece, selling over 50,000 copies; it spawned "Dinata" (Greek: Δυνατά), one of her signature songs. The lyrics of the album's songs, except Σαν Δεύτερη Φωνή (English title: Like a backing voice) and "Κύμα το κύμα" (English title: Wave after wave) who have been written by Thodoris Gonis and Yiorgos Zikas respectively, were written by Lina Nikolakopoulou; the music composers are Ara Dinkjian, Antonis Mitzelos, Christos Nikolopoulos, Zoran Simganovic, George Zikas and Nikos Xydakis.

## Track listing

* "Meno Ektos"
* "Kardia Mou Ego"
* "Prosopo Me Prosopo"
* "San Defteri Foni"
* "Kima To Kima"
* "Dinata"
* "Omorfi Mou Agapi"
* "Me To Idio Mako"
* "Kathrefti To Nou"
* "Tis Kalinihtas Ta Filia"
* "Den Apanta"
# Syed Suhail Pasha

Syed Suhail Pasha (born 26 September 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for I-League club TRAU.

## Career

He made his professional debut for the Chennai City F.C. against Aizawl F.C. on 17 December 2019, He was brought in the 59th minute as Chennai City drew 1–1.

## Personal life

Syed Suhail Pasha is the son of Chennaiyin FC's interim head coach Syed Sabir Pasha. He belongs to Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He said in an interview that Lallianzuala Chhangte was his favourite Chennayin FC player. Suhail is a fan of FC Barcelona.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 10 December 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Chennaiyin B | 2017–18 | I-League 2nd Division | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Chennaiyin B | 2018–19 | I-League 2nd Division | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 1 |
| Chennaiyin B | Chennaiyin B total | Chennaiyin B total | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 |
| Chennai City | 2019–20 | I-League | 10 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
| Chennai City | 2020–21 | I-League | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Chennai City | Chennai City total | Chennai City total | 16 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 1 |
| Chennaiyin | 2021–22 | Indian Super League | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Chennaiyin | 2022–23 | Indian Super League | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Chennaiyin | Chennaiyin total | Chennaiyin total | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| TRAU | 2022–23 | I-League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 39 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 46 | 2 |
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in Durand Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in AFC Champions League
* ↑ Appearance(s) in AFC Cup
# Matka (lake)

Matka is the oldest artificial lake in Macedonia, with its reservoir being built in 1938. It was created by damming the Treska River with the dam of St. Andrew and forming an artificial reservoir in the Matka Canyon.
The water from the lake is used for hydroelectric power generation as well as irrigation of the surrounding villages. The lake is also stocked with fish and is frequently used for recreational fishing. Within the lake, there is the underwater cave called Vrelo, one of the deepest underwater caves in Europe, with a depth of over 203 metres (666 ft).
# Michael O'Hickey

Michael Patrick O'Hickey (Irish: Micheál Pádraig Ó hIcí; 12 March 1860 – 19 November 1916) was an Irish Catholic priest and held the chair of Irish at Maynooth College and an Irish language campaigner.

## Biography

Michael O'Hickey was born in Carrickbeg, County Waterford, Ireland. His mother died at an early age and his father, a Fenian, remarried. He had an older brother Martin, and a younger half brother Maurice. He studied for the priesthood in St. John's College, Waterford, and was ordained a priest in 1884. He was an active member and vice president of the Gaelic League and studied under the noted Irish scholar Sean Plemion. O'Hickey was also a member of the Royal Irish Academy.
In 1896 he was appointed Professor of Irish in Maynooth College, succeeding Fr. Eugene O'Growney.
After clashing with the bishops and establishment, O'Hickey was dismissed in 1909 from his position as Professor of Irish, for his conduct in the controversy over Irish as a matriculation subject for the new National University of Ireland.
He received support from many Irish Nationalists (including Patrick Pearse whom he earlier had disagreements with), Irish language activists, and some of his colleagues including Maynooth's Theology Professor, Walter McDonald.
He appealed his dismissal to the Vatican, but his appeal was refused.
Sometimes his name appears as Michael Hickey rather than Micheal O'Hickey, or even in Irish as An tAthair Micheál Ó hIcí.
He died in Portlaw in 1916 and is buried in the Hickey family plot in the Friary Cemetery in Carrick Beg, County Waterford.

## Publications

* Irish in the schools, by Ó hIcí, Micheál P., Gaelic League, 1900.
* The nationalisation of Irish education by Rev. M.P. O'Hickey, Gaelic League, 1902.
* An Irish university, or else by Michael P. O'Hickey, Gill & Sons, Dublin, 1909.
* Language and Nationality by O'Hickey, Rev. Michael.(Preface by Douglas Hyde) Waterford News, 1918.