OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Photodarkening

Photodarkening is an optical effect observed in the interaction of laser radiation with amorphous media (glasses) in optical fibers. Until now, such creation of color centers was reported only in glass fibers. Photodarkening limits the density of excitations in fiber lasers and amplifiers. The experimental results suggest that operating at a saturated regime helps to reduce photodarkening.

## Definition

One could expect the term photodarkening to refer to any process when any object becomes non-transparent (dark) due to illumination with light. Formally, the darkening of the photo-emulsion also could be considered as photodarkening. However, recent papers use this term meaning reversible creation of absorbing color centers in optical fibers. One may expect that the effect is not specific for fibers; therefore, the definition should cover wide class of phenomena, excluding, perhaps, non-reversible darkening of photographic emulsions.
According to the Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology, photodarkening is the effect that the optical losses in a medium can grow when the medium is irradiated with light at certain wavelengths. We may also define photodarkening as reversible creation of absorption centers in optical media at the illumination with light.

## Photodarkening rate

The inverse of the timescale at which photodarkening occurs can be interpreted as photodarkening rate.

## Color centers

Usually, photodarkening is attributed to creation of color centers due to resonant interaction of electromagnetic field with an active medium.

## Possible mechanisms of photodarkening

The phenomenon, similar to photodarkening in fibers, was recently observed in chunks of Yb-doped ceramics and crystals. At the high concentration of excitations, the absorption jumps up, causing the avalanche of the broadband luminescence. Increase of absorption can be caused by formation of color centers by electrons in the conduction band, created by several neighboring excited ions. (The energy of one or two excitations is not sufficient to pop an electron into the conduction band). This explains, why the rate of darkening is strong function of the intensity of the exciting beam (as in the case with optical fibers discussed above). In the experiments, the thermal effects are important; therefore only the initial stage of the avalanche can be interpreted as photodarkening, and such interpretation is not yet confirmed. Recent work pointed out the role of thulium contamination. Through laser pump and signal absorption, and energy transfer from ytterbium; thulium is able to emit UV light, known to create color centers in silica glass. Although the actual mechanism of photodarkening is still unknown, a reliable setup to test the photodarkening properties of different types of fibers has been recently reported.
# Lerbekk Formation

The Lerbekk Formation is a geologic formation found in the Røragen Basin in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Fabian Jacobi

Fabian Jacobi (born 19 June 1973) is a German politician for the Alternative for Germany (AfD) and since 2017 member of the Bundestag.

## Life and politics

Jacobi was born in 1973 in the West German city of Münster and studied jurisprudence to become a lawyer. Jacobi entered the newly founded populist AfD in 2013 and became after the 2017 German federal election a member of the federal law-making body, the Bundestag.
# Bailey Hodgson

Bailey Hodgson (born 5 September 2002) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback for the Leigh Leopards in the Super League.
He previously played for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League and Blacktown Workers in the NSW Cup.

## Background

Hodgson was born in Hull, England.He is the nephew of Parramatta Eels and English international hooker Josh Hodgson.

## Playing career
### Castleford Tigers

In 2020, Hodgson made his Super League début for Castleford Tigers in round 17 against Hull Kingston Rovers.

### Newcastle Knights

In November 2020, Hodgson signed a 3-year contract with Australian side Newcastle Knights starting in 2021.
After three injury riddled years at the Newcastle outfit, Hodgson parted ways with the club at the end of the 2023 season, failing to play an NRL match.

### Manly Sea Eagles & Blacktown Workers

On 6 November, it was reported that he had signed with the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, on the supplementary list.
He also appeared in pre-season ahead of the current campaign for Manly, but again failed to make a competitive senior appearance this year for the Sea Eagles.
Instead, he has featured for their feeder club – the Blacktown Workers – in the New South Wales Cup.

### Leigh Leopards

On 25 Jul 2024 it was reported that he had signed for Leigh Leopards in the Super League on a 2½-year deal.
# Pet Force

Pet Force is a series of books for young readers. It is a spin-off of Garfield, in which the main animal characters of the comic series are portrayed as comic book superheroes. The action takes place on planet Polyester.
20th Century Fox released an animated direct-to-video film based on the series, Garfield's Pet Force, in 2009.

## Story

In another universe, one which exists parallel to Garfield's own, a team of five superheroes known as "Pet Force" serve Emperor Jon as protectors of his throne. Ruling the galaxy from the planet Polyester, Jon's reign is constantly opposed by the evil Vetvix. When Vetvix uses a new weapon and strips Pet Force of their powers, and sends them to a ghostly dimension where they will be trapped forever, Jon is forced to have his right-hand man, Sorcerer Binky, use a dimensional portal to find five alternate versions of the heroes to take their place. In Garfield's universe, Pet Force is a best-selling comic book, and when Nermal buys the limited-edition 100th issue, it becomes a portal through which they are pulled into the alternate universe, becoming the new Pet Force. Although they return to their own universe after the initial adventure, they subsequently return to fight Vetvix and other evils when needed.

## Books

* Book #1: The Outrageous Origin (1998)
* Book #2: Pie-Rat's Revenge (1998)
* Book #3: K-Niner: Dog of Doom (1998)
* Book #4: Menace of the Mutanator (1998)
* Book #5: Attack of the Lethal Lizards (1999)
The story was later continued within several Pet Force comic stories featured in the Boom! Studios Garfield comic books.
# DYLS-FM

DYLS (97.1 FM), formerly known as MOR 97.1 Lupig Sila!, was a radio station owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation. The station's studio and offices were located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Complex, North Road, Jagobiao, Mandaue, while its transmitter was located at Babag 2, Brgy. Busay, Cebu City.

## History
### 1992-1994: The Great Romance

AMCARA Broadcasting Network established the station on January 20, 1992, as LS 97.1 with the tagline The Great Romance. It aired an easy listening format, similar to its Manila station.

### 1994-1997: Star Radio

On October 1, 1994, the station was reformatted as Star Radio 97.1, based from the branding its Cagayan de Oro station adopted one year prior. It carried a mass-based format. In July 1996, ABS-CBN acquired the station from AMCARA.

### 1997-2001: ABS-CBN Radio

On March 1, 1997, following the formation of Regional Network Group (RNG), the station was rebranded as ABS-CBN Radio LS97 with the taglines "Lupig Sila!" and "For Life!" (which was later adapted by the Manila station a year later). A few months later, a RRC-PSRC Survey shows 97.1 spotted the market so that they can make it to top 1 in the city. On February 8, 1999, it was later changed its name to ABS-CBN LS 97.1 For Life!.

### 2001-2020: MOR 97.1

On July 14, 2001, as part of rebranding ABS-CBN's RNG FM stations coinciding with the Cagayan de Oro station's 8th Anniversary, the station was rebranded as MOR 97.1 Lupig Sila! For Life!. According to Nielsen and Kantar Media Survey, MOR is the Number 1 Radio Station in Metro Cebu for the last quarter of 2011.
On July 30, 2016, the station celebrated its 20th anniversary with a tagline, "#20MakaHAPPY". At the same year, MOR 97.1 Cebu is considered to being the Official Number 1 Radio station in Metro Cebu based on Kantar Media Surveys with the audience share of 27.20% during the 1st Quarter of FY 2016.
On June 1, 2017, TV Patrol Central Visayas began airing on the station alongside sister station DYAB Radyo Patrol, becoming the first regional MOR station to do such.
On June 1, 2019, the station, along with MOR Manila and MOR Baguio, is available on Sky Cable.

#### Shutdown

On May 5, 2020, the station, along with the other My Only Radio stations, went off the air due to the cease and desist order of the National Telecommunications Commission as the network's legislative franchise to operate expired the day before. My Only Radio currently operates as an online radio station.
# Siobhan de Maré

Siobhan de Maré is a British singer, mostly known from lending her voice to the album Formica Blues by the UK band Mono in 1997. In 2000, she joined Robin Guthrie (formerly of Cocteau Twins) to form Violet Indiana, which varies from shimmery wall of sound style with similarities to dreampop, to sparse single-guitar songs with less effects.
Siobhan has a sensual, ethereal voice, and she is the fifth child of The Shadows drummer Tony Meehan.

## Albums

De Maré has fronted two bands so far in her career, the trip hop sounding "Mono" and guitar based "Violet Indiana". More recently she has been writing and recording with Gary Bruce under the name Swoone. The track This Bullet Never Kills was released in May 2015 with an album, Handcuffed Heart released in August 2018.

## Mono

* Formica Blues (1997)

## Violet Indiana

* Choke EP (2000)
* Special EP (2001)
* Roulette (2001)
* Killer Eyes EP (2001)
* Casino (2002) (Compilation)
* Beyond The Furr EP (2004)
* Russian Doll (2004)

## Swoone

* This Bullet Never Kills (Single) (2015)
* Never Let Go (2017) a track on the compilation Static Waves 6 by Saint Marie Records
* Handcuffed Heart (2018)
# Harley Ingleby

Harley Ingleby is an Australian professional longboard surfrider.
Ingleby finished 5th in his first year competing in the 2005 ASP World Tour. In 2008, he won Oxbow world tour event in Anglet, France finishing 3rd overall in points. He won his first Asp World Longboard Championship title in 2009 and reclaimed the title in 2014 at Hainan Island, China. He is also two-time Australian longboard champion (2005, 2007) and he won the Australian Longboard Open in 2013 & 2017.
In April 2019 Ingleby was cast of mini-series Like You Mean It produced by Ford, appearing together with DJ Tigerlily, podcaster and motivational speaker Matt Purcell, and Australian model and Muay Thai fighter Lilian Dikmans.
# Montgomery station (West Virginia)

Montgomery station is an Amtrak station in Montgomery, West Virginia, served by the Cardinal passenger train. The station is an open metal shed built along platforms previously used by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, which demolished the former brick station house in the 1970s after the company ended passenger service in 1971. The station platform was rebuilt in 2020 to provide greater accessibility.
# Cansu Nur Kaya

Cansu Nur Kaya (born 28 February 2000) is a Turkish women's football defender, who plays in the Turkish Super League for Fatih Vatan Spor with jersey number 20. She played for the Turkey girls' U-17 and women's U1-19 teams before she became a member of the Turkey women's national team.

## Club career

Cansu Nur Kaya obtained her license from Pendik Çamlık Spor on 30 April 2015. She debuted in the 2016–17 Third League. She played four seasons in the Third League for Pendik Çamlık Spor netting 38 goals in 58 öatches. In the 2020-21First League season, she transferred to Fatih Vatan Spor. Her team became runner-up losing to Beşiktaş J.K. in the play-off final. She was honored the award of Most Valuable Player of the league.
Kaya transferred to Beşiktaş J.K. end June 2021, and played in one match of the 2021–22 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying rounds. For the 2022–23 Sıper League season, she returned to her former club Fatih Vatan Spor.

## International career

In 2017, Kaya was admitted to the Turkey women's national U-17 team, and capped in two games of the 2017 UEFA Development Tournament.
The same year, she joined the Turkey women's U-19 team. She participated at all three matches of the 2018 UEFA Women's U-19 Championship qualification – Group 10 and all three games of the Elite round. She appeared also in all three matches of 2019 UEFA Women's U-19 Championship qualification – Group 2. and all three matches of the Elite round. She capped in total 20 times.
In 2020, she became a member of the Turkey women's national team. She played her first official international match for the senior team at the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying Group A against Estonia on 27 November 2020.

## Career statistics

    As of match played on 6 October 2024.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Continental | Continental | National | National | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Pendik Çamlık | 2016–2017 | Third League | 23 | 17 | – | – | – | - | 23 | 17 |
| Pendik Çamlık | 2017–2018 | Third League | 11 | 5 | – | – | 12 | 1 | 23 | 6 |
| Pendik Çamlık | 2018–2019 | Third League | 11 | 9 | – | – | 10 | | 21 | 9 |
| Pendik Çamlık | 2019–2020 | Third League | 13 | 7 | – | – | 1 | | 14 | 7 |
| Pendik Çamlık | Tota | Tota | 58 | 38 | – | – | 23 | 1 | 81 | 39 |
| Fatih Vatan | 202–21 | First League | 5 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Beşiktaş | 2021–22 | Super League | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Fatih Vatan | 2022–23 | Super League | 18 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 22 | 3 |
| Fatih Vatan | 2023–24 | Super League | 27 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 2 |
| Fatih Vatan | 2024–25 | Super League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Fatih Vatan | Total | Total | 50 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 54 | 5 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 127 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 30 | 1 | 158 | 44 |

## Honours
### Club
#### Turkish Women's First League
   #### Fatih Vatan Spor

       Runners-up (1): 2020–21

### Individual

* Most Valuable Player': 2020–21 with Fatih Vatan Spor
# Vyacheslav Trubnikov

Vyacheslav Ivanovich Trubnikov (Russian: Вячеслав Иванович Трубников; 25 April 1944 – 18 April 2022) was a Russian journalist, political scientist, intelligence officer, and diplomat. He worked as the Director of Foreign Intelligence Service and was a First Deputy of Foreign Minister of Russia.
He graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1967 and started to work for the First Chief Directorate (Foreign Intelligence) of the KGB. From 1971 to 1977, he worked in India under the cover of a correspondent of the RIA Novosti. From 1977 to 1984, he worked in the central office of the First Chief Directorate. From 1984 to 1990, he worked in Bangladesh and India. From 1990 to 1991, he was the chief of the Department of South-East Asia of the KGB. In January 1992, he became the first deputy of the Director of Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia) Yevgeny Primakov. From January 1996 to May 2000, he was Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service. From June 2000 to July 2004, he worked as a first deputy of Foreign Minister of Russia. On 29 July 2004, he was appointed by Vladimir Putin to the post of Ambassador of Russia to India.
He was a senior network member at the European Leadership Network (ELN).
Trubnikov died on 18 April 2022, at the age of seventy-seven.
# Baliar Kalan

Baliar kalan is a village in Rewari district and Gurgaon division in the state of Haryana, India. It is less populated village with a subtotal of 110 houses and the gram panchayat of village mudiakhera is also combined with Baliar kalan. Dharuhera is the nearest town to Baliar kalan and national highway 8 and 71 are also at short distance from it.
# Emil Mailho

Emil Pierre Mailho (December 16, 1908 – March 7, 2007) was a professional baseball player. He played part of one season in Major League Baseball in 1936 for the Philadelphia Athletics. He was born in Berkeley, California, and died in Castro Valley, California. Between mid-1931 and 1936, Mailho played for the Oakland Oaks in the Pacific Coast League, hitting over .300 each year, except for an injury shortened 1934 season.
When called up by the Athletics, Mailho was mostly used as a left-handed pinch hitter by manager Connie Mack, although he appeared in one game as an outfielder.
After his stint with the Athletics, Mailho joined the Atlanta Crackers of the Southern Association for the rest of the 1936 season, hitting .315. Between 1937 and 1941, Mailho never hit below .298 in a season. Mailho returned to the Pacific Coast League, playing for the Oakland Oaks in 1942 to 1944, and the San Francisco Seals in 1945. Mailho ended his professional career with the Oklahoma City Indians of the Texas League in 1946, playing 55 games and hitting .226.
At the time of his death, at 98, Mailho was recognized as the fourth-oldest living former major league ballplayer.
# Jenny Taffs

Jennifer E Taffs (born c. 1995) is an Australian former cricketer. She is an all-rounder who bats right-handed and bowls slow left-arm orthodox. She played for the Australian Capital Territory and the Melbourne Renegades, totalling nine List A matches and 28 T20 matches. In May 2021, she was named women's assistant coach of the Prahran Cricket Club.
Taffs was born in Zimbabwe, the daughter of John and Val Taffs. She spent the first years of her life growing up on a tobacco farm in Chipinge. In 2001, her family emigrated to Australia, settling in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales.
# Mark Slade (engineer)

Mark Slade (born 1966/1967) is a British Formula One engineer. He is currently the race engineer for Kevin Magnussen at the Haas F1 Team Formula One team.

## Career

Slade graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from Heriot-Watt University and from 1989 worked as a design engineer for Reynard Racing Cars and later Ralt Racing, before joining McLaren in 1991. Slade took up a trackside role with McLaren in 1994 as assistant race engineer to Martin Brundle.
Slade became Mika Häkkinen's race engineer in 1998 and helped the Finnish driver to two world championships and remained at McLaren until 2009, working for Kimi Räikkönen, Fernando Alonso and Heikki Kovalainen as racing engineer. In 2010, Slade moved to Renault to work as Vitaly Petrov's race engineer and in 2011 he moved to Mercedes as Michael Schumacher's race engineer. In 2012 to 2013, he worked at Lotus as Räikkönen's racing engineer and in 2014 to 2015, he worked as Pastor Maldonado's racing engineer. Slade took over as Renault chief engineer in 2016, after which he worked with Nico Hülkenberg from 2017 to 2019 and Esteban Ocon as race engineer in 2020.
Since 2022, he has been working as a competition engineer for Kevin Magnussen at the Haas F1 Team.
# Rayoni Head

Christine Rayoni Head (born 18 February 1976; married Rayoni Nelson) is a former Australian badminton player. She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Head played in the singles event won a match to Robbyn Hermitage of Canada in the first round, but was defeated by Chan Ya-lin of Chinese Taipei in the second round. In the doubles event she teamed-up with Kellie Lucas, the duo were defeated in the first round to Thai pair Sujitra Ekmongkolpaisarn and Saralee Thungthongkam. Head was part of the South Australian team, and represented Australia in 1998, 2002 Uber Cup, and 1998 Commonwealth Games. Head has a Bachelor of Management and a Masters in Sport Management, and work as manager, physical activity, sport and healthy eating at VicHealth.

## Achievements
### Oceania Championships

Women's singles
| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2002 | Suva, Fiji | Nicole Gordon | 4–7, 7–4, 3–7, 5–7 | Bronze |
| 1999 | Brisbane, Australia | Rhona Robertson | 2–11, 5–11 | Silver |
Women's doubles
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 1999 | Brisbane, Australia | Kate Wilson-Smith | Li Feng Tammy Jenkins | 3–15, 5–15 | Bronze |

### IBF International

Women's singles
| Year | Tournament | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2002 | Altona International | Lenny Permana | 0–7, 4–7, 2–7 | Runner-up |
| 2001 | Australian International | Lenny Permana | 3–7, 7–3, 3–7 | Runner-up |
| 2001 | Hamilton International | Rhona Robertson | 4–7, 2–7, 3–7 | Runner-up |
| 2001 | North Harbour International | Rhona Robertson | 0–7, 6–8, 8–7 | Runner-up |
| 2001 | Manukau International | Rhona Robertson | 7–0, 4–7, 4–7 | Runner-up |
| 2000 | Tasmania International | Lenny Permana | 3–11, 3–11 | Runner-up |
| 1999 | Fiji International | Kellie Lucas | 11–5, 11–5 | Winner |
| 1999 | Waikato International | Rebecca Gordon | 11–6, 8–11, 5–11 | Runner-up |
| 1998 | New South Wales International | Li Feng | 3–11, 2–11 | Runner-up |
| 1996 | South Australia International | Jenny Gibson | 9–11, 11–6, 11–6 | Winner |
| 1995 | Australian International | Lisa Campbell | 1–11, 2–11 | Runner-up |
Women's doubles
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2002 | Croatian International | Jane Crabtree | Tammy Jenkins Rhona Robertson | 4–7, 3–7, 5–7 | Runner-up |
| 2000 | Tasmania International | Kate Wilson-Smith | Rhonda Cator Amanda Hardy | 4–15, 9–15 | Runner-up |
| 2000 | Auckland International | Kate Wilson-Smith | Tammy Jenkins Rhona Robertson | 4–15, 1–15 | Runner-up |
| 1999 | Fiji International | Kellie Lucas | Rhonda Cator Amanda Hardy | 3–15, 2–15 | Runner-up |
| 1999 | Wellington International | Kate Wilson-Smith | Tammy Jenkins Rhona Robertson | 6–15, 2–15 | Runner-up |
| 1997 | Victoria International | Katrina Mirkovic | Lisa Campbell Michaela Smith | 5–15, 5–15 | Runner-up |
| 1996 | South Australia International | Dawn Chambers | Jenny Gibson Lynda Graves | 7–15, 3–15 | Runner-up |
# Darrehrud-e Shomali Rural District

Darrehrud-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان دره‌رود شمالی) is in Darrehrud District of Ungut County, Ardabil province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Aqa Mohammad Beyglu, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 681 in 197 households.

## History

In 2020, Ungut District was separated from Germi County in the establishment of Ungut County and renamed the Central District. Darrehrud-e Shomali Rural District was created in the new Darrehrud District.
Other villages in the rural district include Ilkhchi and Lekvan.
# Don Bird

Donald William Carlton Bird (5 January 1908 – 1987) was an English professional footballer who played at outside left. Born in Newton Abbot, he made over 100 appearances in the Football League.

## Career

Although born in Devon, Bird came to prominence playing in Wales for local side Llandrindod Wells, from where he joined Cardiff City in 1929, scoring on his home debut in a 5–1 win over Bury on the final day of the 1929–30 season. Unable to oust Walter Robbins from the side, he later moved to Bury, but failed to make their league side and joined Torquay United in 1932 as a replacement for Harry Waller.
He later had spells with Derby County and Sheffield United before finishing his league career with Southend United.

## After football

After his playing career was ended by the outbreak of the Second World War, Bird served as a sergeant in an Auxiliary Unit in his local area.