# Frank Merriwell

Frank Merriwell is a fictional character appearing in a series of novels and short stories by Gilbert Patten, who wrote under the pseudonym Burt L. Standish. The character appeared in over 300 dime novels between 1896 and 1930 (some between 1927 and 1930 were written by other authors with the same pen name), numerous radio dramas in 1934 and again from 1946 through 1949, a comic strip from 1928 through 1936, a comic book (four issues) Frank Merriwell At Yale, and a 12-chapter serialized film in 1936. The book series was relaunched (with a different author) in 1965, but only three books were published.

## Character

The model for all later American juvenile sports fiction, Merriwell excelled at football, baseball, basketball, crew and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. He played with great strength and received traumatic blows without injury.
A biographical entry on Patten noted dryly that Frank Merriwell "had little in common with his creator or his readers." Patten offered some background on his character: "The name was symbolic of the chief characteristics I desired my hero to have. Frank for frankness, merry for a happy disposition, well for health and abounding vitality."
Merriwell's classmates observed, "He never drinks. That's how he keeps himself in such fine condition all the time. He will not smoke, either, and he takes his exercise regularly. He is really a remarkable freshie." American Olympic champion boxer and bobsledder Eddie Eagan commented in his autobiography: "To this day I have never used tobacco, because Frank Merriwell didn't. My first glass of wine, which I do not care for, was taken under social compulsion in Europe. Frank never drank."
Merriwell originally appeared in a series of magazine stories starting April 18, 1896 ("Frank Merriwell: or, First Days at Fardale") in Tip Top Weekly, continuing through 1912, and later in dime novels and comic books. Patten would confine himself to a hotel room for a week to write an entire story.
The Frank Merriwell comic strip began in 1928, continuing until 1936. Daily strips from 1934 provided illustrations for the 1937 Big Little Book.
There are at least two generations of Merriwells: Frank, his half-brother Dick, and Frank's son, Frank Jr. There is a marked difference between Frank and Dick. Frank usually handles challenges on his own. Dick has mysterious friends and skills that help him, especially an old Indian friend without whom the stories would not be quite as interesting.

## Syndicated comic strips

The McClure Newspaper Syndicate distributed Young Frank Merriwell, written by Patten and illustrated by John Hix; it debuted on March 26, 1928, and ran for six months. The comic strip was resurrected in July 1931 as Frank Merriwell's Schooldays (this time syndicated by the Central Press Association and illustrated by Jack Wilhelm) and ran for three years.

## Radio

The Adventures of Frank Merriwell first ran on NBC radio from March 26 to June 22, 1934, as a 15-minute serial airing three times a week at 5:30pm. Sponsored by Dr. West's Toothpaste, this program starred Donald Briggs in the title role. Harlow Wilcox was the announcer.
After a 12-year gap, the series returned October 5, 1946, as a 30-minute Saturday morning show on NBC, continuing until June 4, 1949. Lawson Zerbe starred as Merriwell, Jean Gillespie and Elaine Rostas as Inza Burrage, Harold Studer as Bart Hodge and Patricia Hosley as Elsie Belwood. Announcers were Mel Brandt and Harlow Wilcox, and the Paul Taubman Orchestra supplied the background music.
Yale's alma mater, "Bright College Years", was the theme song.

## Film

A film serial entitled The Adventures of Frank Merriwell was created by Universal Studios in 1936.

## Broadway

A Broadway musical called Frank Merriwell, or Honor Unchallenged, opened at the Longacre Theatre on April 24, 1971. It closed after one performance.

## 1965 relaunch

In 1965, a new book series was launched by author Mike Frederic, with cover tagline "The thrilling sequel to the all-time best-selling American sports series." Only three books were published: Frank Merriwell Returns (baseball theme, 1965), Frank Merriwell Quarterback (American football theme, 1965), and Frank Merriwell At The Wheel (sports car racing theme, 1967).

## Book titles

| Title | Series # | Project Gutenberg # |
| Dick Merriwell a Winner | 178 | |
| Dick Merriwell Abroad | 118 | #41827 |
| Dick Merriwell Adrift | 154 | |
| Dick Merriwell and June Arlington | 234 | |
| Dick Merriwell and The Burglar | 236 | |
| Dick Merriwell at Fardale | 76 | |
| Dick Merriwell at the County Fair | 179 | |
| Dick Merriwell at the Olympics | 212 | |
| Dick Merriwell Doubted | 164 | |
| Dick Merriwell Freshman | 142 | |
| Dick Merriwell Game to the Last | 186 | |
| Dick Merriwell in Panama | 206 | |
| Dick Merriwell in South America | 207 | |
| Dick Merriwell in the Wilds | 167 | |
| Dick Merriwell Motor King | 187 | |
| Dick Merriwell on the Gridiron | 102 | |
| Dick Merriwell the Wizard | 126 | |
| Dick Merriwell Universal Coach | 209 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Ability | 90 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Aero Dash | 189 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Assurance | 109 | #61830 |
| Dick Merriwell's Backers | 149 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Backstop | 96 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Best Work | 150 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Black Star | 158 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Charm | 241 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Cleverness | 124 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Close Call | 156 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Commencement | 200 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Coolness | 202 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Counsel | 208 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Dare | 136 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Dash | 89 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Day | 114 | #61174 |
| Dick Merriwell's Debt | 152 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Decision | 201 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Defense | 92 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Delivery | 84 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Detective Work | 199 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Diamond | 87 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Disguise | 103 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Distrust | 151 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Downfall | 116 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Example | 166 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Fighting Chance | 192 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Five | 130 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Glory | 77 | 62411 |
| Dick Merriwell's Grit | 108 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Heroic Players | 211 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Home Run | 135 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Honors | 173 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Influence | 141 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Intuition | 190 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Joke | 144 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Long Slide | 110 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Magnetism | 148 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Marked Money | 100 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Mastery | 153 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Model | 93 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Mystery | 94 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Narrow Escape | 80 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Perception | 198 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Persistence | 113 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Placer Find | 191 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Polo Team | 132 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Power | 181 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Pranks | 120 | #41879 |
| Dick Merriwell's Promise | 78 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Race | 175 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Racket | 81 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Regret | 147 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Reliance | 203 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Reputation | 171 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Rescue | 79 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Resource | 129 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Return | 128 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Revenge | 82 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Ruse | 83 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Stanchness | 161 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Stand | 163 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Star Play | 176 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Staying Power | 143 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Stroke | 127 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Team Mate | 138 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Test | 104 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Threat | 112 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Trap | 91 | #41866 |
| Dick Merriwell's Tussle | 188 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Varsity Nine | 210 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Way | 169 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Western Mission | 97 | |
| Dick Merriwell's Wonders | 85 | |
| Frank Merriwell As Coach | 72 | |
| Frank Merriwell at Phantom Lake | 177 | |
| Frank Merriwell at the Cowboy Carnival | 237 | |
| Frank Merriwell at Yale | 9 | #11115 |
| Frank Merriwell Down South | 5 | #22424 |
| Frank Merriwell Facing His Foes | 160 | |
| Frank Merriwell in Camp | 24 | |
| Frank Merriwell in England | 44 | |
| Frank Merriwell in Europe | 8 | |
| Frank Merriwell in Kentucky | 63 | |
| Frank Merriwell in Maine | 28 | #61535 |
| Frank Merriwell in Peru | 182 | |
| Frank Merriwell in the Rockies | 119 | |
| Frank Merriwell in The Yellowstone | 243 | |
| Frank Merriwell in Wall Street | 159 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr and The Talking Head | 245 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr at The Old School | 228 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr Birdman | 227 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr in Arizona | 217 | #61349 |
| Frank Merriwell Jr in the Desert | 221 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr On The Border | 231 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr Tested | 213 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Athletic Team | 224 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Conquests | 214 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Cross-Country Run | 238 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Fardale Visit | 242 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Fight For Right | 222 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Gridiron Honors | 230 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Helping Hand | 216 | 62421 |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Ice-boat Adventure | 219 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Indian entanglement | 239 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Mission | 218 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Ordeal | 226 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Peck of Trouble | 225 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Repentant Enemy | 229 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Rivals | 215 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Team Work | 223 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Timely Aid | 220 | |
| Frank Merriwell Jr's Yacht Victory | 244 | |
| Frank Merriwell on the Boulevards | 45 | |
| Frank Merriwell on the Road | 34 | |
| Frank Merriwell on Top | 55 | |
| Frank Merriwell the Lionhearted | 196 | |
| Frank Merriwell Wins An Enemy | 240 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Air Voyage | 157 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Alarm | 16 | #38429 |
| Frank Merriwell's Athletes | 17 | #41996 |
| Frank Merriwell's Auto | 50 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Backers | 95 | #39433 |
| Frank Merriwell's Baseball Victories | 48 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Bicycle Tour | 13 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Bravery | 6 | #22571 |
| Frank Merriwell's Brother | 73 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Challengers | 122 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Champions | 19 | #42049 |
| Frank Merriwell's Chase | 27 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Chums | 2 | #19502 |
| Frank Merriwell's Club | 68 | |
| Frank Merriwell's College Chums | 37 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Confidence | 49 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Courage | 14 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Cruise | 26 | #22265 |
| Frank Merriwell's Danger | 22 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Daring | 15 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Diamond Foes | 232 | #60463 |
| Frank Merriwell's Double Shot | 47 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Duel | 46 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Encounter | 99 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Encouragement | 172 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Endurance | 123 | #56278 |
| Frank Merriwell's Faith | 60 | |
| Frank Merriwell's False Friend | 70 | #61853 |
| Frank Merriwell's Fame | 36 | |
| Frank Merriwell's First Job | 30 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Foes | 3 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Fortune | 39 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Fun | 51 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Generosity | 52 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Great Scheme | 43 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Grit | 180 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Happy Camp | 140 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Hard Case | 162 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Hard Luck | 32 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Honor | 86 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Horse | 146 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Hunting Tour | 7 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Iron Nerve | 62 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Lads | 205 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Leaguers | 139 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Lesson | 170 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Long Chance | 183 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Loyalty | 23 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Luck | 56 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Marriage | 125 | #62072 |
| Frank Merriwell's Marvel | 74 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Mascot | 57 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Mystery | 195 | |
| Frank Merriwell's New Boy | 134 | |
| Frank Merriwell's New Comedian | 40 | #38610 |
| Frank Merriwell's Nomads | 101 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Old Form | 184 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Opportunity | 31 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Own Company | 35 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Party | 12 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Peril | 115 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Phantom | 59 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Power | 64 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Pride | 121 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Problem | 38 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Prosperity | 41 | |
| Frank Merriwell's ProtÃ©gÃ© | 33 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Pupils | 133 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Pursuit | 117 | #22874 |
| Frank Merriwell's Puzzle | 194 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Races | 11 | #21958 |
| Frank Merriwell's Ranch | 168 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Rescue | 98 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Return to Yale | 20 | #35127 |
| Frank Merriwell's Reward | 58 | #19402 |
| Frank Merriwell's Rough Deal | 111 | |
| Frank Merriwell's School Days | 1 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Search | 67 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Secret | 21 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Set Back | 66 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Shrewdness | 65 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Skill | 18 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Son | 137 | #25316 |
| Frank Merriwell's Sports Afield | 10 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Stage Hit | 42 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Steadying Hand | 165 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Strategy | 106 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Strong Arm | 71 | #61558 |
| Frank Merriwell's Struggle | 29 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Support | 75 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Tact | 193 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Talisman | 145 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Temptation | 54 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Tenacity | 197 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Tigers | 131 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Treasure Hunt | 185 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Tricks | 53 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Trip West | 4 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Triumph | 107 | #40262 |
| Frank Merriwell's Trump Card | 105 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Trust | 69 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Vacation | 25 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Victories | 61 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Winners | 88 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Wizard | 174 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Worst Boy | 155 | |
| Frank Merriwell's Young Warriors | 204 | |
| Merriwell vs Merriwell | 235 | |
| The Merriwell Company | 233 | |

## Listen to

* The Adventures of Frank Merriwell in the Internet Archive's Old-Time Radio Collection
* Zoot Radio, free old time radio show downloads of 'Frank Merriwell'