# List of Christian theologians

This is a list of notable Christian theologians listed chronologically by century of birth.

## 1st century

* Apostle Paul of Tarsus (died c. 60–65)
* Papias of Hierapolis (c. 60 – c. 130)
* Apostle James, Son of Zebedee
* Apostle Simon Peter
* Apostle John, Son of Zebedee
* Deacon Philip
* Deacon Stephen the Protomartyr
* Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35 or 50 – between 98 and 117)
* Polycarp (c. 69 – c. 155)
* Clement of Rome (fl. c. 96)

## 2nd century

* Valentinus (c. 100 – c. 160)
* Quadratus of Athens (fl. 124/125)
* Basilides (died c. 132)
* Aristides the Athenian (died c. 133 or fl. c. 140)
* Aristo of Pella (fl. c. 140)
* Marcion (c. 110 – c. 160)
* Justin Martyr (c. 110 – c. 165)
* Hegesippus (c. 110 – 180)
* Melito of Sardis (died c. 180)
* Athenagoras of Athens (c. 133 – c. 190)
* Dionysius of Corinth (fl. c. 171)
* Heracleon (fl. c. 175)
* Apollinaris Claudius (fl. c. 177)
* Ptolemy (fl. c. 180)
* Pantaenus (died c. 200)
* Irenaeus of Lyons (died c. 202)
* Apollonius of Ephesus (fl. c. 180 – c. 210)
* Serapion of Antioch (died 211)
* Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – 211 or 216)
* Bardaisan (154–222/3)
* Tertullian (c. 160 – c. 220)
* Origen (c. 184 – c. 253)

## 3rd century

* Minucius Felix (2nd or 3rd century)
* Caius, Presbyter of Rome (early 3rd century)
* Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170 – c. 236)
* Origen of Alexandria (c. 184 – 254)
* Sabellius (fl. c. 215)
* Cyprian (c. 200 – c. 258)
* Novatian (c. 200 – 258)
* Paul of Samosata (c. 200 – c. 275)
* Dionysius of Alexandria (died 265)
* Gregory Thaumaturgus (c. 213 – c. 270)
* Methodius of Olympus (died c. 311)
* Lucian of Antioch (c. 240 – 312)
* Lactantius (c. 240 – c. 320)
* Arius (256 – 336)
* Aphrahat (ܐܦܪܗܛ,c. 280 – c. 345)
* Athanasius of Alexandria (296–373)

## 4th century

* Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373)
* Hilary of Poitiers (c. 310 – c. 367)
* Arnobius of Sicca (died c. 330)
* Basil of Caesarea (c. 330 – 379)
* Gregory of Nyssa (c. 330 – c. 395)
* Gregory Nazianzus (329–389)
* Evagrius Ponticus(345-399)
* Ambrose (337/340 – 397)
* John Chrysostom (347–407)
* Jerome (347–420)
* Augustine (354–430)
* Cyril of Alexandria (c. 376 – 444)
* Nestorius (c. 386 – c. 451)

## 5th century

* Isaac of Antioch (fl. 5th c.)
* Boethius (c. 477–525)

## 6th century

* Gregory the Great (540–604)
* Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636)

## 7th century

* Maximus the Confessor (c. 580–662)
* Isaac of Nineveh (died c. 700)

## 8th century

* Bede (672/673–735)
* John of Damascus (c. 675–749)
* Paschasius Radbertus (785–865)

## 9th century

* Claudius of Turin (died 839)
* Ratramnus of Corbia (died 868)
* Johannes Scotus Eriugena (810–877)
* Gottschalk of Orbais (808-878)

## 10th century

* Arnulf of Orleans

## 11th century

* Berengar of Tours (999-1088)
* Anselm (1033–1109)
* Peter Abelard (1079–1142)
* Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153)
* Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)

## 12th century

* Peter Lombard (c. 1096–1159)
* Peter Waldo (c. 1140–1205)
* Dominic de Guzman (1170–1221)
* Francis of Assisi (c. 1181–1226)

## 13th century

* Albertus Magnus (c. 1200–1280)
* Bonaventure (1221–1274)
* Thomas Aquinas (1224–1274)
* Peter Quesnel (died 1299)
* Meister Eckhart (1260–1328)
* Scotus Johannes Duns (c. 1265 – c. 1308)
* William of Ockham (1285–1347)

## 14th century

* Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro (1300–1342)
* Bridget of Sweden (1303–1373)
* John Wycliffe (c.1323–1384)
* Catherine of Siena (1347–1380)
* Jan Hus (c. 1369–1415)
* Thomas à Kempis (1380–1471)

## 15th century

* Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464)
* Desiderius Erasmus (1469–1536)
* Martin Luther (1483–1546)
* Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531)
* Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556)
* Martin Bucer (1491–1551)
* Ignatius of Loyola (c. 1491–1556)
* Menno Simons (1496–1561)
* Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560)

## 16th century

* Alexander Alesius (1500–1565)
* John of Avila (1500–1569)
* Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575)
* John Calvin (1509–1564)
* Michael Servetus (1511–1553)
* John Knox (c. 1513–1572)
* Teresa of Avila (1515–1582)
* Theodore Beza (1519–1605)
* Peter Baro (1534–1599)
* Caspar Coolhaes (1536–1615)
* Herman Witsius (1636–1708)
* Charles Borromeo (1538–1584)
* John of the Cross (1542–1591)
* Johannes Piscator (1546–1625)
* Richard Hooker (1554–1600)
* Lancelot Andrewes (1555–1626)
* Johannes Wtenbogaert (1557–1644)
* William Perkins (1558–1602)
* Jacob Arminius (1560–1609)
* Anton Praetorius (1560–1613)
* Daniel Tilenus (1563–1633)
* Francis de Sales (1567–1622)
* William Laud (1573–1645)
* Willem van der Codde (1574 – c.1630)
* Thomas Helwys (c. 1575 – c. 1616),
* Jakob Boehme (1575–1624)
* Samuel Brooke (1575–1631)
* Eduard Poppius (c. 1576–1624)
* Jacobus Taurinus (1576–1618)
* Gerardus Vossius (1577–1649)
* Thomas Jackson (1579–1640)
* Johannes Arnoldi Corvinus (c. 1582–1650)
* Johann Gerhard (1582–1637)
* Simon Episcopius (1583–1643)
* Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)
* Zachary Boyd (1585–1653)
* Dirk Rafelsz Camphuysen (1586–1627)
* Étienne de Courcelles (1586–1659)
* Caspar Barlaeus (1584–1648)
* John Goodwin (1593–1665)
* Moses Amyraut (1596–1664)

## 17th century

* Petrus Serrarius (1600–1669)
* Owen Feltham (c. 1602–1668)
* Henry Hammond (1605–1660)
* John Milton (1608–1674)
* Laurence Womock (1612–1686)
* John Pearson (1613–1686)
* Jeremy Taylor (1613–1667)
* Richard Baxter (1615–1691)
* John Owen (1616–1683)
* Francis Turretin (1623–1687)
* George Fox (1624–1691)
* Simon Patrick (1626–1707)
* John Flavel (1627–1691)
* Stephen Charnock (1628–1680)
* Philipp van Limborch (1633–1712)
* George Bull (1634–1710)
* Thomas Grantham (1634–1692)
* Thomas Burnet (c. 1635–1715)
* Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705)
* Edward Stillingfleet (1635–1699)
* Gilbert Burnet (1643–1715)
* Isaac Jacquelot (1647–1708)
* Fenelon (1651–1715)
* Jean Leclerc (1657–1736)
* Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772)
* Johann Jakob Wettstein (1693–1754)
* John Gill (1697–1771)

## 18th century

* Nicolas Ludwig Count von Zinzendorf (1700–1760)
* Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)
* John Wesley (1703–1791)
* Charles Wesley (1707–1788)
* George Whitefield (1714–1770)
* John Brown (1722–1787)
* John Fletcher (1729–1785)
* Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781)
* Ignaz Wurz (1731–1784)
* John Hey (1734–1815)
* Thomas Coke (1747–1814)
* Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)
* Aaron Bancroft (1755–1839)
* Heinrich Paulus (1761–1851)
* Adam Clarke (1762–1832)
* Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834)
* Archibald Alexander (1772–1851)
* Lyman Beecher (1775–1863)
* Nathan Bangs (1778–1862)
* Thomas Hartwell Horne (1780–1862)
* Richard Watson (1781–1833)
* Nathaniel William Taylor (1786–1858)
* Charles Grandison Finney (1792–1875)
* Wilbur Fisk (1792–1839)
* Charles Hodge (1797–1878)

## 19th century

* John Henry Newman (1801–1890)
* Christian Hermann Weisse (1801–1866)
* Leonard Bacon (1802–1881)
* Horace Bushnell (1802–1876)
* Frederick Denison Maurice (1805–1872)
* Horatius Bonar (1808–1889)
* C. F. W. Walther (1811–1887)
* Thomas Osmond Summers (1812–1882)
* Franz Delitzsch (1813–1890)
* Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)
* John Miley (1813–1895)
* John McClintock (1814–1870)
* James Stuart Russell (1816–1895)
* J. C. Ryle (1816–1900)
* Ransom Dunn (1818–1900)
* Philip Schaff (1819–1893)
* Randolph Sinks Foster (1820–1903)
* Henry C. Sheldon (1820–1877)
* Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910)
* William Burt Pope (1822–1903)
* Albrecht Ritschl (1822–1889)
* James Strong (1822–1894)
* Willibald Beyschlag (1823–1900)
* A. A. Hodge (1823–1886)
* William Alexander (1824–1911)
* William Booth (1829–1912)
* Frederic William Farrar (1831–1903)
* Heinrich Julius Holtzmann (1832–1910)
* James Strong (1833–1913)
* William Fairfield Warren (1833–1929)
* Charles Spurgeon (1834–1892)
* Henry Barclay Swete (1835–1918)
* Augustin Gretillat (1837–1894)
* Abraham Kuyper (1837–1920)
* Paul Petter Waldenström (1838-1917)
* Peter Taylor Forsyth (1842–1921)
* Albert Benjamin Simpson (1843–1919)
* C. I. Scofield (1843–1921)
* Borden Parker Bowne (1847–1910)
* Hugh Price Hughes (1847–1902)
* Bernhard Stade (1848–1906)
* Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)
* B. B. Warfield (1851–1921)
* Franz Pieper (1852–1931)
* Charles Taze "Pastor" Russell (1852–1916)
* Herman Bavinck (1854–1921)
* Max Reischle (1858–1905)
* Walter Rauschenbusch (1861–1918)
* Billy Sunday (1862–1935)
* Geerhardus Vos (1862–1949)
* Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1862–1961)
* Richard C. H. Lenski (1864–1936)
* Rudolf Otto (1869–1937)
* William Henry Chamberlin (1870–1921)
* Sergei Bulgakov (1871–1944)
* Lewis Sperry Chafer (1871–1952)
* Louis Berkhof (1873–1957)
* Albert C. Knudson (1873–1953)
* Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948)
* Karl Heim (1874–1958)
* Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965)
* Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1877–1964)
* H. Orton Wiley (1877–1961)
* Mary Ely Lyman (1880s – 1975)
* Nikolaj Velimirović (1880–1956)
* Edwin Lewis (1881–1959)
* John Gresham Machen (1881–1937)
* William Temple (1881–1944)
* Johannes Pedersen (1883–1977)
* Edgar S. Brightman (1884–1953)
* Rudolf Karl Bultmann (1884–1976)
* Étienne Gilson (1884–1978)
* E. Stanley Jones (1884–1973)
* Oliver Chase Quick (1885–1944)
* Karl Barth (1886–1968)
* Paul Tillich (1886–1965)
* Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1967)
* Vincent Taylor (1887–1968)
* Emil Brunner (1889–1966)
* Dietrich von Hildebrand (1889–1977)
* Leonard Hodgson (1889–1969)
* Anders Nygren (1890–1978)
* Georgia Harkness (1891–1974)
* Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971)
* Dorothy Sayers (1893–1957)
* H. Richard Niebuhr (1894–1962)
* Fulton Sheen (1895–1979)
* Cornelius Van Til (1895–1987)
* Henri de Lubac (1896–1991)
* Mildred Barker (1897–1990)
* Dorothy Day (1897–1980)
* A. W. Tozer (1897–1963)
* C. S. Lewis (1898–1963)
* John Murray (1898–1975)
* Howard Thurman (1899-1981)
* Martyn Lloyd-Jones (1899–1981)

## 20th century

* Gerhard von Rad (1901–1971)
* Gordon Clark (1902–1985)
* Oscar Cullmann (1902–1999)
* Watchman Nee (1903–1972)
* Dumitru Stăniloae (1903–1993)
* Yves Congar (1904–1995)
* Bernard Lonergan (1904–1984)
* Joseph Sittler (1904–1987)
* Karl Rahner (1904–1984)
* Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905–1988)
* Eric Lionel Mascall (1905–1993)
* Mildred Bangs Wynkoop (1905–1997)
* Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945)
* Joseph Clifford Fenton (1906–1969)
* Albert C. Outler (1908–1989)
* F. F. Bruce (1910–1990)
* W. T. Purkiser (1910–1992)
* John Walvoord (1910–2002)
* George Eldon Ladd (1911–1982)
* Frank Stagg (1911–2001)
* Alan Walker (1911–2003)
* Jacques Ellul (1912–1994)
* Francis Schaeffer (1912–1984)
* Dafydd Rhys ap Thomas (1912–2011)
* Carl F. H. Henry (1913–2003)
* Anthony A. Hoekema (1913–1988)
* Bolaji Idowu (1913–1993)
* Thomas F. Torrance (1913–2007)
* Leon Lamb Morris (1914–2006)
* Thomas Berry (1914–2009)
* Hebe Charlotte Kohlbrugge (1914–2016)
* Anthony of Sourozh (Andrei Borisovich Bloom, 1914–2003)
* Vernon Grounds (1914–2010)
* Edward Schillebeeckx (1914–2009)
* Markus Barth (1915–1994)
* Thomas Merton (1915–1968)
* Derek Prince (1915–2003)
* Marie-Émile Boismard (1916–2004)
* William Ragsdale Cannon (1916–1997)
* Stanley Monroe Horton (1916–2014)
* Victor Paul Wierwille (1916–1985)
* C. K. Barrett (1917–2011)
* G. B. Caird (1917–1984)
* Edmund Clowney (1917–2005)
* Avery Dulles (1918–2008)
* Billy Graham (1918–2018)
* J. Rodman Williams (1918–2008)
* Langdon Gilkey (1919–2004)
* John Macquarrie (1919–2007)
* Catharina Halkes (1920–2011)
* Karol Wojtyła (Pope John Paul II) (1920–2005)
* J. Kenneth Grider (1921–2006)
* George Wesley Buchanan (1921–2019)
* Alexander Schmemann (1921–1983)
* John Stott (1921–2011)
* Hans Wilhelm Frei (1922–1988)
* John Hick (1922–2012)
* Meredith G. Kline (1922–2007)
* John Alexander Motyer (1924–2016)
* John B. Cobb (1925–2024)
* James Leo Garrett Jr. (1925–2020)
* John J McNeill (1925–2015)
* Charles Ryrie (1925–2016)
* Frederick Buechner (1926–2022)
* H. Ray Dunning (born 1926)
* Jurgen Moltmann (1926–2024)
* J. I. Packer (1926–2020)
* Thomas J. J. Altizer (1927–2018)
* Gerhard Forde (1927–2005)
* Chuck Smith (1927–2013)
* Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) (1927–2022)
* John Howard Yoder (1927–1997)
* Mary Daly (1928–2010)
* Gustavo Gutiérrez (1928–2024)
* Hans Küng (1928–2021)
* Martin E. Marty (born 1928)
* Johann Baptist Metz (1928–2019)
* Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928–2014)
* William Stringfellow (1928–1985)
* Carl Braaten (1929–2023)
* Kwesi Dickson (1929–2005)
* Kosuke Koyama (小山晃佑, 1929–2009)
* Dorothee Soelle (1929–2003)
* James D. Strauss (1929–2014)
* Joseph A. Bracken (born 1930)
* Ignacio Ellacuría (1930–1989)
* Michael Green (1930–2019)
* John Polkinghorne (1930–2021)
* Robert Jenson (1930–2017)
* David Pawson (1930–2020)
* Patricia Reif (1930–2002)
* William L. Lane (1931–1999)
* John S Mbiti (1931–2019)
* Thomas C. Oden (1931–2016)
* Adrian Rogers (1931–2005)
* John Shelby Spong (1931–2021)
* John Zizioulas (1931–2023)
* Millard Erickson (born 1932)
* Norman Geisler (1932–2019)
* Eugene H. Peterson (1932–2018)
* Alvin Plantinga (born 1932)
* Robert L. Reymond (1932–2013)
* Charles Stanley (1932–2023)
* Rubem Alves (1933–2014)
* Walter Brueggemann (born 1933)
* Roger T. Forster (born 1933)
* Walter Kaiser Jr. (born 1933)
* Michael Novak (1933–2017)
* Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki (born 1933)
* Charles E. Curran (born 1934)
* Gordon Fee (1934–2022)
* I. Howard Marshall (1934–2015)
* Mercy Oduyoye (born 1934)
* Henry Wansbrough (born 1934)
* Dallas Willard (1935–2013)
* Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936–2022)
* Justo Gonzalez (born 1937)
* Clark Pinnock (1937–2010)
* Anthony Thiselton (1937–2023)
* Ed Parish Sanders (1937–2022)
* Richard Thomas France (1938–2012)
* Leonardo Boff (born 1938)
* David J. A. Clines (1938–2022)
* James Hal Cone (1938–2018)
* Jack Cottrell (1938–2022)
* Ronald M. Enroth (1938–2023)
* Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (born 1938)
* James Montgomery Boice (1938–2000)
* Keith Ward (born 1938)
* James Dunn (1939–2020)
* John Frame (born 1939)
* John F. MacArthur (born 1939)
* R. C. Sproul (1939–2017)
* Matthew Fox (born 1940)
* Stanley Hauerwas (born 1940)
* Walter Klaiber (born 1940)
* John N. Oswalt (born 1940)
* Stephen Tong (born 1940)
* Elizabeth Johnson (born 1941)
* Erwin Lutzer (born 1941)
* David Hocking (born 1941)
* George Newlands (born 1941)
* Marcus Borg (1942–2015)
* Grant R. Osborne (1942–2018)
* Paige Patterson (born 1942)
* Lamin Sanneh (1942–2019)
* Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017)
* John Lennox (born 1943)
* Douglas Stuart (born 1943)
* Gareth Lee Cockerill (born 1944)
* Klyne Snodgrass (born 1944)
* John Ankerberg (born 1945)
* Kwame Bediako (1945–2008)
* Keith Drury (born 1945)
* D. A. Carson (born 1946)
* John Piper (born 1946)
* Vern Poythress (born 1946)
* Andrew Purves (born 1946)
* John Sailhamer (1946–2017)
* William Willimon (born 1946)
* William J. Abraham (1947–2021)
* Paul S. Fiddes (born 1947)
* Jesse Mugambi (born 1947)
* Greg Bahnsen (1948–1995)
* David Brown (born 1948)
* Marva Dawn (1948–2021)
* Sinclair Ferguson (born 1948)
* Bob Goss (born 1948)
* Wayne Grudem (born 1948)
* Scotty McLennan (born 1948)
* J.P. Moreland (born 1948)
* Michael Plekon (born 1948)
* N. T. Wright (born 1948)
* William Lane Craig (born 1949)
* Ray Comfort (born 1949)
* Chris Glaser (born 1950)
* Stanley Grenz (1950–2005)
* Donald E. Battle (born 1950)
* Gary Habermas (born 1950)
* Timothy J. Keller (1950–2023)
* Katherine Sonderegger (born 1950)
* Rowan Williams (born 1950)
* Nancy Wilson (born 1950)
* Ken Ham (born 1951)
* Ben Witherington (born 1951)
* Marcella Althaus-Reid (1952–2009)
* Joel R. Beeke (born 1952)
* Greg Laurie (born 1952)
* Alistair Begg (born 1952)
* Kenneth J. Collins (born 1952)
* Roger E. Olson (born 1952)
* Carsten Peter Thiede (1952–2004)
* Daniel B. Wallace (born 1952)
* Kent Hovind (born 1953)
* Musimbi Kanyoro (born 1953)
* Catherine Keller (born 1953)
* Randy L. Maddox (born 1953)
* William D. Mounce (born 1953)
* Alister McGrath (born 1953)
* Adele Reinhartz (born 1953)
* Douglas Wilson (born 1953)
* Peter Lampe (born 1954)
* Scott J. Jones (born 1954)
* Thomas R. Schreiner (born 1954)
* Tina Beattie (born 1955)
* Craig Blomberg (born 1955)
* Michael L. Brown (born 1955)
* Skip Heitzig (born 1955)
* Don Thorsen (born 1955)
* Graham Ward (born 1955)
* Robert Jeffress (born 1955)
* Joel B. Green (born 1956)
* Miroslav Volf (born 1956)
* Gregory A. Boyd (born 1957)
* Douglas Groothuis (born 1957)
* Scott Hahn (born 1957)
* Daniela Müller (born 1957)
* Kevin J. Vanhoozer (born 1957)
* Gavin D'Costa (born 1958)
* Robert A. J. Gagnon (born 1958)
* James Alison (born 1959)
* R. Albert Mohler Jr. (born 1959)
* Timothy Tennent (born 1959)
* Yves-Marie Adeline (born 1960)
* Mark Dever (born 1960)
* Craig S. Keener (born 1960)
* Frank Turek (born 1961)
* Peter Enns (born 1961)
* Paul Washer (born 1961)
* Willie James Jennings (born 1961)
* Paul Copan (born 1962)
* Elizabeth Stuart (born 1963)
* Michael Horton (born 1964)
* Seung-Moo Ha (하승무, born 1963)
* David Bentley Hart (born 1965)
* Thomas Jay Oord (born 1965)
* R. C. Sproul, Jr. (born 1965)
* Ken Schenck (born 1966)
* Mikael Mogren (born 1969)
* Robert Arp (born 1970)
* Timothy Paul Jones (born 1973)
* Ulrich L. Lehner (born 1976)
* Heidrun E. Mader (born 1977)
* John L. Drury (born 1978)
* Michael S. Heiser (1963–2023)
* Gavin Ortlund (born 1983)