# Lassen County, California

Lassen County (/ˈlæsən/ LASS-ən) is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,730. The county seat and only incorporated city is Susanville. Lassen County comprises the Susanville, California, micropolitan statistical area. A former farming, mining, and lumber area, its economy now depends on employment at one federal and two state prisons; the former in Herlong and the latter two in Susanville. In 2007, half the adults in Susanville worked in one of the facilities.

## History

Lassen County was formed on April 1, 1864, from parts of Plumas and Shasta counties following the two-day conflict known as the Sagebrush War, also called the Roop County War, that started on February 15, 1863. Due to uncertainties over the California border, the area that is now Lassen County was part of the unofficial Nataqua Territory and Roop County, Nevada, during the late 1850s and early 1860s.
The county was named by California after Peter Lassen, along with Lassen Peak, which is in adjoining Shasta County. Lassen was one of General John C. Fremont's guides, and a famous trapper, frontiersman, and Indian fighter. He was murdered under mysterious circumstances near the Black Rock Desert in 1859, and his murder was never solved.
By the 1880s small towns began to spring up all over Lassen County. Bieber developed at the north end of the county, in rich farm land. Gold was discovered at Hayden Hill, and the small town developed to support the miners. Hayden Hill no longer exists: when the mining stopped, the townspeople left for other communities. Madeline was formed at the north end of another rich farming valley, and along the railroad tracks heading north to Alturas, California. This community still has about 50 people living in and around the town. In the 1890s many immigrant family groups arrived in the county, primarily coming from Lincolnshire and Herefordshire, England as well as the towns of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš and Kragujevac in Serbia. Several "Yankee" settlers arrived from Waldo County, Maine and Lincoln County, Maine as well.
During World War I, the area was heavily in favor of American entry into the war, and a disproportionate amount of volunteers from Lassen County signed up to take part in the war effort. A pro-German newspaper editor from San Francisco noted that "the inhabitants of Lassen County" were "sympathetic to Britain, hostile to Germany, and indifferent to France."
A narrow gauge railroad, the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway, ran through Lassen County from 1880 to 1927. The NCOR was the longest small gauge of the century. It was intended to connect Reno, Nevada, to the Columbia River, but only 238 miles (383 km) of track were laid, from Reno to Lakeview, Oregon.
In 1913, the Fernley & Lassen Railroad was built and it was used to export timber from the large forests of Lassen County. As this railroad was completed, the Red River Lumber Company set up shop, building the town of Westwood, California, to support its massive logging operation. Two other lumber mills followed the Red River Lumber Co. They built their mills in the county seat of Susanville. The Lassen Lumber and Box Company and the Fruit Growers Company both operated mills in Susanville for several decades.
In 2003, Anderson-based Sierra Pacific Industries announced plans to relocate or lay off 150 workers as they closed the last lumber mill in Susanville due to the lack of large timber for the mill. Sierra Pacific chose to close the mill permanently rather than spend the several million dollars required to convert the mill from large to small timber.
Since the late 20th century, three prisons have been opened in and near Susanville: California Correctional Center (minimum security, 1963) and High Desert State Prison (California) (maximum security, 1995), both in the city; and the nearby Federal Correctional Institution, Herlong (opened 2007). In 2007, half the adults in Susanville worked in one of the three prisons. In "job-starved rural America, ... residents see them [prisons] as the last and only chance for employment after work at the lumber mill or the dairy dries up."

## Education

Lassen County is served by Lassen Community College, Lassen High School District, Mt. Lassen Charter School, Thompson Peak Charter School, Diamond Mountain Charter High, Diamond View Middle School, Herlong High School, Meadow View Elementary, McKinley Elementary, Long Valley Charter School, Fort Sage Charter School, and Westwood Junior Senior High School.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,720 square miles (12,200 km$^2$), of which 4,541 square miles (11,760 km$^2$) is land and 179 square miles (460 km$^2$) (3.8%) is water. Part of Lassen Volcanic National Park extends onto a western corner of the county.

### Adjacent counties

* Modoc County, California - north
* Washoe County, Nevada - east
* Sierra County, California - southeast
* Plumas County, California - south
* Shasta County, California - west

### National protected areas

* Lassen National Forest (part)
* Lassen Volcanic National Park (part)
* Modoc National Forest (part)
* Plumas National Forest (part)
* Toiyabe National Forest (part)

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Lassen County, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 23,893 | 23,270 | 19,534 | 70.63% | 66.69% | 59.68% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 2,976 | 2,790 | 2,244 | 8.80% | 8.00% | 6.86% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 959 | 999 | 939 | 2.83% | 2.86% | 2.87% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 244 | 337 | 472 | 0.72% | 0.97% | 1.44% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 134 | 163 | 283 | 0.40% | 0.47% | 0.86% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 267 | 363 | 142 | 0.79% | 1.04% | 0.43% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 674 | 856 | 1,585 | 1.99% | 2.45% | 4.84% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4,681 | 6,117 | 7,531 | 13.84% | 17.53% | 23.01% |
| Total | 33,828 | 34,895 | 32,730 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2011

Population, race, and income :
| Total population | 35,001 | 35,001 |
| White | 24,515 | 70.0% |
| Black or African American | 3,048 | 8.7% |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1,300 | 3.7% |
| Asian | 464 | 1.3% |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 162 | 0.5% |
| Some other race | 4,467 | 12.8% |
| Two or more races | 1,045 | 3.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 6,075 | 17.4% |
| Per capita income | $19,339 | $19,339 |
| Median household income | $52,484 | $52,484 |
| Median family income | $65,396 | $65,396 |

#### Places by population, race, and income

Places by population and race :
| Place | Type | Population | White | Other | Asian | Black or African American | Native American | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Bieber | CDP | 280 | 82.5% | 16.1% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 16.1% |
| Clear Creek | CDP | 138 | 96.4% | 3.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 15.2% |
| Doyle | CDP | 367 | 96.5% | 3.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% |
| Herlong | CDP | 1,260 | 32.0% | 38.5% | 1.0% | 24.4% | 4.1% | 47.0% |
| Janesville | CDP | 1,302 | 92.8% | 1.2% | 6.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.5% |
| Johnstonville | CDP | 656 | 97.0% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.1% | 5.6% |
| Litchfield | CDP | 95 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Milford | CDP | 99 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Nubieber | CDP | 38 | 92.1% | 7.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 7.9% |
| Patton Village | CDP | 624 | 58.0% | 9.6% | 0.0% | 19.2% | 13.1% | 8.0% |
| Spaulding | CDP | 137 | 94.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.0% |
| Susanville | City | 17,728 | 65.0% | 17.3% | 1.5% | 10.7% | 5.5% | 19.9% |
| Westwood | CDP | 1,473 | 92.7% | 2.9% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 3.7% | 2.6% |
Places by population and income :
| Place | Type | Population | Per capita income | Median household income | Median family income |
| Bieber | CDP | 280 | $25,141 | $61,250 | $54,844 |
| Clear Creek | CDP | 138 | $29,639 | $44,167 | $60,313 |
| Doyle | CDP | 367 | $23,339 | $27,917 | $32,885 |
| Herlong | CDP | 1,260 | $5,943 | $43,958 | $45,893 |
| Janesville | CDP | 1,302 | $25,821 | $71,090 | $70,481 |
| Johnstonville | CDP | 656 | $31,534 | $60,682 | $67,813 |
| Litchfield | CDP | 95 | $37,227 | $41,528 | $45,556 |
| Milford | CDP | 99 | $38,215 | $61,472 | |
| Nubieber | CDP | 38 | $9,524 | $31,250 | $31,563 |
| Patton Village | CDP | 624 | $27,081 | $46,447 | $62,656 |
| Spaulding | CDP | 137 | $30,669 | $35,714 | $51,806 |
| Susanville | City | 17,728 | $16,580 | $49,160 | $68,780 |
| Westwood | CDP | 1,473 | $23,055 | $38,512 | $51,215 |

### 2010

The 2010 United States census reported that Lassen County had a population of 34,895. The racial makeup of Lassen County was 25,532 (73.2%) White, 2,834 (8.1%) African American, 1,234 (3.5%) Native American, 356 (1.0%) Asian, 165 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 3,562 (10.2%) from other races, and 1,212 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,117 persons (17.5%).
Population reported at 2010 United States census :
| The County | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Lassen County | 34,895 | 25,532 | 2,834 | 1,234 | 356 | 165 | 3,562 | 1,212 | 6,117 |
| Incorporated city | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Susanville | 17,947 | 11,269 | 2,249 | 612 | 198 | 111 | 2,928 | 580 | 4,259 |
| Census-designated place | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Bieber | 312 | 264 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 8 | 72 |
| Clear Creek | 169 | 149 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 15 |
| Doyle | 678 | 583 | 14 | 37 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 27 | 55 |
| Herlong | 298 | 187 | 38 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 44 | 46 |
| Janesville | 1,408 | 1,283 | 13 | 32 | 11 | 3 | 27 | 39 | 118 |
| Johnstonville | 1,024 | 929 | 7 | 16 | 13 | 0 | 26 | 33 | 73 |
| Litchfield | 195 | 176 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 25 |
| Milford | 167 | 150 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 11 |
| Nubieber | 50 | 26 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 10 |
| Patton Village | 702 | 552 | 48 | 27 | 4 | 5 | 18 | 48 | 62 |
| Spaulding | 178 | 168 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Westwood | 1,647 | 1,430 | 3 | 104 | 10 | 2 | 49 | 49 | 179 |
| Other unincorporated areas | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| All others not CDPs (combined) | 10,120 | 8,366 | 461 | 353 | 113 | 36 | 443 | 348 | 1,186 |

### 2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 33,828 people, 9,625 households, and 6,776 families residing in the county. The population density was 7 people per square mile (2.7 people/km$^2$). There were 12,000 housing units at an average density of 3 per square mile (1.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 80.8% White, 8.8% Black or African American, 3.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 3.2% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 13.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 13.8% were of German, 12.1% Irish, 10.5% English, 8.7% American and 5.0% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. 88.2% spoke English and 10.3% Spanish as their first language.
There were 9,625 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. Of all households, 24.5% were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.8% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 36.9% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 168.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 192.2 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,310, and the median income for a family was $43,398. Males had a median income of $37,333 versus $26,561 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,749. About 11.1% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics
### Voter registration

Population and registered voters :
| Total population | 35,001 | 35,001 |
| Registered voters | 13,932 | 39.8% |
| Democratic | 3,401 | 24.4% |
| Republican | 6,687 | 48.0% |
| Democratic–Republican spread | -3,286 | -23.6% |
| Independent | 726 | 5.2% |
| Green | 43 | 0.3% |
| Libertarian | 95 | 0.7% |
| Peace and Freedom | 37 | 0.3% |
| Americans Elect | 1 | 0.0% |
| Other | 67 | 0.5% |
| No party preference | 2,875 | 20.6% |

#### Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration :
| City | Population | Registered voters | Democratic | Republican | D–R spread | Other | No party preference |
| Susanville | 17,728 | 25.2% | 26.7% | 44.1% | -17.4% | 12.5% | 22.0% |

### Overview

From 1932 through 1976, Lassen was powerfully Democratic, voting for the Democratic presidential nominee in every election save 1972, when it voted for Nixon over McGovern by just 6.8%. From 1980 on, however, it has been overwhelmingly Republican in presidential and congressional elections, coinciding with the dominance of the prisons in local employment. Jimmy Carter (in 1976) remains the last Democrat to have carried the county. In 2016, 2020, and 2024, Lassen stood as Donald Trump's best county in the state, giving him a 50% or greater margin over overwhelming statewide winners Hillary Clinton, Joe Biden, and Kamala Harris.
United States presidential election results for Lassen County, California :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 8,619 | 75.51% | 2,478 | 21.71% | 318 | 2.79% |
| 2020 | 8,970 | 74.47% | 2,799 | 23.24% | 276 | 2.29% |
| 2016 | 7,574 | 70.79% | 2,224 | 20.79% | 901 | 8.42% |
| 2012 | 7,296 | 68.03% | 3,053 | 28.47% | 376 | 3.51% |
| 2008 | 7,483 | 65.45% | 3,586 | 31.37% | 364 | 3.18% |
| 2004 | 8,126 | 70.97% | 3,158 | 27.58% | 166 | 1.45% |
| 2000 | 7,080 | 66.88% | 2,982 | 28.17% | 524 | 4.95% |
| 1996 | 5,194 | 52.60% | 3,318 | 33.60% | 1,363 | 13.80% |
| 1992 | 3,836 | 37.02% | 3,388 | 32.70% | 3,138 | 30.28% |
| 1988 | 5,157 | 58.59% | 3,446 | 39.15% | 199 | 2.26% |
| 1984 | 5,352 | 61.09% | 3,254 | 37.14% | 155 | 1.77% |
| 1980 | 4,464 | 54.45% | 2,941 | 35.87% | 793 | 9.67% |
| 1976 | 3,007 | 42.97% | 3,801 | 54.32% | 190 | 2.72% |
| 1972 | 3,618 | 50.80% | 3,134 | 44.00% | 370 | 5.20% |
| 1968 | 2,553 | 41.06% | 2,930 | 47.12% | 735 | 11.82% |
| 1964 | 2,124 | 34.25% | 4,072 | 65.67% | 5 | 0.08% |
| 1960 | 2,365 | 40.24% | 3,472 | 59.08% | 40 | 0.68% |
| 1956 | 2,533 | 42.48% | 3,412 | 57.22% | 18 | 0.30% |
| 1952 | 3,313 | 43.66% | 4,237 | 55.83% | 39 | 0.51% |
| 1948 | 1,960 | 33.95% | 3,632 | 62.91% | 181 | 3.14% |
| 1944 | 1,896 | 33.92% | 3,678 | 65.81% | 15 | 0.27% |
| 1940 | 1,902 | 30.13% | 4,367 | 69.17% | 44 | 0.70% |
| 1936 | 1,035 | 19.62% | 4,193 | 79.47% | 48 | 0.91% |
| 1932 | 1,167 | 26.89% | 3,056 | 70.41% | 117 | 2.70% |
| 1928 | 2,111 | 56.73% | 1,597 | 42.92% | 13 | 0.35% |
| 1924 | 1,072 | 40.78% | 356 | 13.54% | 1,201 | 45.68% |
| 1920 | 1,582 | 66.22% | 643 | 26.92% | 164 | 6.86% |
| 1916 | 877 | 36.96% | 1,323 | 55.75% | 173 | 7.29% |
| 1912 | 27 | 1.91% | 644 | 45.61% | 741 | 52.48% |
| 1908 | 551 | 54.61% | 361 | 35.78% | 97 | 9.61% |
| 1904 | 573 | 62.69% | 301 | 32.93% | 40 | 4.38% |
| 1900 | 549 | 58.10% | 326 | 34.50% | 70 | 7.41% |
| 1896 | 420 | 43.66% | 528 | 54.89% | 14 | 1.46% |
| 1892 | 540 | 48.09% | 524 | 46.66% | 59 | 5.25% |
Lassen County is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa. is in the 1st Senate District, represented by Republican Brian Dahle, and the 1st Assembly District, represented by Republican Heather Hadwick.

## Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
Population and crime rates :
| Population | 35,001 | 35,001 |
| Violent crime | 96 | 2.74 |
| Homicide | 1 | 0.03 |
| Forcible rape | 6 | 0.17 |
| Robbery | 9 | 0.26 |
| Aggravated assault | 80 | 2.29 |
| Property crime | 196 | 5.60 |
| Burglary | 101 | 2.89 |
| Larceny-theft | 229 | 6.54 |
| Motor vehicle theft | 25 | 0.71 |
| Arson | 11 | 0.31 |

### Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates :
| City | Population | Violent crimes | Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons | Property crimes | Property crime rate per 1,000 persons |
| Susanville | 17,849 | 96 | 5.38 | 320 | 17.93 |

## Infrastructure
### Airports

Susanville Municipal Airport, Herlong Airport and Westwood Airport are general aviation airports in the county. The closest major airport is in Reno.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 395
* State Route 36
* State Route 44
* State Route 139
* State Route 299

### Public transportation

Lassen Rural Bus (LRB), operated by the Lassen Transit Service Agency, runs a local service in Susanville, with longer distance routes to Westwood and Doyle.

### Utilities

The Lassen Municipal Utility District (LMUD) is the primary electric utility in the county, and was created in 1986 by purchasing transmission facilities from CP National (now Pacificorp) at a cost of $19 million. In 2019 it had 42 employees, and the General Manager was Doug C. Smith. It is powered in part by the Honey Lake biomass power plant, which runs on wood waste from the nearby Lassen National Forest. The Whaleback Fire caused a significant outage in 2018.

## Communities
### City

* Susanville (county seat)

### Census-designated places

* Bieber
* Clear Creek
* Doyle
* Herlong
* Janesville
* Johnstonville
* Litchfield
* Little Valley
* Madeline
* Milford
* Nubieber
* Patton Village
* Spaulding
* Stones Landing
* Westwood

### Unincorporated communities

* Ravendale
* Standish
* Termo
* Wendel

### Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Lassen County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2020 Census) |
| 1 | † Susanville | City | 16,728 |
| 2 | Janesville | CDP | 2,461 |
| 3 | Westwood | CDP | 1,541 |
| 4 | Johnstonville | CDP | 973 |
| 5 | Patton Village | CDP | 632 |
| 6 | Susanville Indian Rancheria | AIAN | 570 |
| 7 | Doyle | CDP | 536 |
| 8 | Bieber | CDP | 266 |
| 9 | Herlong | CDP | 237 |
| 10 | Spaulding | CDP | 206 |
| 11 | Clear Creek | CDP | 175 |
| 12 | Litchfield | CDP | 160 |
| 13 | Milford | CDP | 147 |
| 14 | Stones Landing | CDP | 86 |
| 15 | Little Valley | CDP | 84 |
| 16 | Madeline | CDP | 21 |
| 17 | Nubieber | CDP | 19 |