# Upshur County, West Virginia

Upshur County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,816. Its county seat is Buckhannon. The county was formed in 1851 from Randolph, Barbour, and Lewis counties and named for Abel Parker Upshur, a distinguished statesman and jurist of Virginia. Upshur served as United States Secretary of State and Secretary of the Navy under President John Tyler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 355 square miles (920 km$^2$), of which 354.9 square miles (919 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (0.03%) is water. The county falls within the United States National Radio Quiet Zone. The highest elevation in Upshur County is 3,160 feet, near Sugar Run on the Randolph and Upshur County lines just outside Palace Valley and Hemlock. It is reported there as an elevation marker at the site.
In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. Upshur County was divided into six districts: Banks, Buckhannon, Meade, Union, Warren, and Washington. In the 1990s, the six historic magisterial districts were consolidated into three new districts: First, Second, and Third.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 33
* U.S. Highway 48
* U.S. Highway 119
* West Virginia Route 4
* West Virginia Route 20

### Adjacent counties

* Harrison County (north)
* Barbour County (northeast)
* Randolph County (southeast)
* Webster County (south)
* Lewis County (west)

## Demographics
### 2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 23,816 people and 9,599 households residing in the county. There were 11,178 housing units in Upshur County. The racial makeup of the county was 94.4% White, 0.9% African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.3% of the population.
There were 26,143 households, of which 44.8% were married couples living together, 28% had a female householder with no spouse present,19.5% had a male householder with no spouse present. The average household and family size was 2.94. The median age in the county was 41.9 years with 20.8% of the population under 18. The median income for a household in the city was $44,470 and the poverty rate was 20%.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 24,254 people, 9,619 households, and 6,528 families living in the county. The population density was 68.4 inhabitants per square mile (26.4/km$^2$). There were 11,099 housing units at an average density of 31.3 units per square mile (12.1 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.6% white, 0.7% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 18.1% were German, 13.8% were American, 10.6% were Irish, and 8.6% were English.
Of the 9,619 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.1% were non-families, and 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age was 40.9 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,114 and the median income for a family was $44,937. Males had a median income of $36,517 versus $25,420 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,823. About 14.1% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 24,254 people, 9,619 households, and 6,528 families living in the county. The population density was 68.4 people per square mile (26.4 people/km$^2$). There were 11,099 housing units at an average density of 31.3 units per square mile (12.1 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.6% White, 0.7% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1% from two or more races. 1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 9,619 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.7% from age 0 to 19, 7.60% from 20 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 97 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $39,381, whereas the median income for families was 44,937 . Males had a median income of $36,517 versus $25,420 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,498. About 14.1% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities
### City

* Buckhannon (county seat)

### Magisterial districts
#### Current

* First
* Second
* Third

#### Historic

Upshur County was divided into six townships on July 31, 1863. They were replaced in the 1990s.
* Banks District, named for Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
* Buckhannon District, named for the county seat, the City of Buckhannon
* Meade District, named for General George Gordon Meade
* Union District, named for military soldiers serving the Union cause
* Warren District, named for Gouverneur Kemble Warren
* Washington District, named for President George Washington

### Unincorporated communities

* Abbott
* Adrian
* Alexander
* Alton
* Arlington
* Atlas
* Beans Mill
* Canaan
* Carter
* Craddock
* Daysville
* Deanville
* Eden
* Ellamore
* Evergreen
* Excelsior
* Five Forks
* Freeman
* French Creek
* Frenchton
* Gaines
* Gale
* Goodwin
* Gormley
* Goshen
* Gould
* Hampton
* Heavener Grove
* Hemlock
* Hinkleville
* Hodgesville
* Holly Grove
* Hoover Town
* Imperial
* Ingo
* Ivy
* Kanawha Head
* Kedron
* Kesling Mill
* Lorentz
* McCuetown
* Midvale
* Nebo
* Newlonton
* Overhill
* Palace Valley
* Post Mill
* Queens
* Red Rock
* Reger
* Rock Cave
* Rocky Ford
* Ruraldale
* Sago
* Sand Run
* Selbyville
* Shahan
* South Buckhannon
* Swamp Run
* Tallmansville
* Tenmile
* Tennerton
* Teter
* Vegan
* White Oak
* Wilsontown
* Yokum
* Zion

## Politics

Whereas most of West Virginia has seen a rapid and continuing shift to the Republican Party since the 1990s, Upshur County—though strongly Democratic during the Second Party System—has ever since statehood been a Republican stronghold due to its powerful Unionist sympathies from Civil War days, and the association of the Democratic Party with the “Slave Power” and creating a war the yeoman residents had no desire to fight. The solitary post-Civil War Democrat to win the county has been Lyndon Johnson in 1964, and he won by only 168 votes. Since 1896, only two other Democrats—Jimmy Carter in 1976 and Bill Clinton in 1996—have topped forty percent in the county.
United States presidential election results for Upshur County, West Virginia :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 7,633 | 77.42% | 2,033 | 20.62% | 193 | 1.96% |
| 2020 | 7,771 | 76.01% | 2,256 | 22.07% | 196 | 1.92% |
| 2016 | 7,005 | 75.34% | 1,766 | 18.99% | 527 | 5.67% |
| 2012 | 5,939 | 71.57% | 2,158 | 26.01% | 201 | 2.42% |
| 2008 | 5,911 | 65.89% | 2,925 | 32.61% | 135 | 1.50% |
| 2004 | 6,191 | 66.62% | 3,034 | 32.65% | 68 | 0.73% |
| 2000 | 5,165 | 63.58% | 2,770 | 34.10% | 188 | 2.31% |
| 1996 | 3,325 | 44.65% | 3,052 | 40.98% | 1,070 | 14.37% |
| 1992 | 3,505 | 42.47% | 3,161 | 38.30% | 1,587 | 19.23% |
| 1988 | 4,813 | 60.97% | 3,065 | 38.83% | 16 | 0.20% |
| 1984 | 5,951 | 70.29% | 2,468 | 29.15% | 47 | 0.56% |
| 1980 | 4,751 | 58.66% | 2,867 | 35.40% | 481 | 5.94% |
| 1976 | 4,789 | 57.68% | 3,513 | 42.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 6,449 | 78.23% | 1,795 | 21.77% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 4,565 | 62.44% | 2,319 | 31.72% | 427 | 5.84% |
| 1964 | 3,606 | 48.86% | 3,774 | 51.14% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 5,123 | 66.42% | 2,590 | 33.58% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 5,707 | 73.28% | 2,081 | 26.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 5,938 | 72.66% | 2,234 | 27.34% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 5,068 | 68.31% | 2,323 | 31.31% | 28 | 0.38% |
| 1944 | 5,332 | 72.47% | 2,026 | 27.53% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 6,086 | 68.02% | 2,862 | 31.98% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 5,745 | 64.30% | 3,163 | 35.40% | 26 | 0.29% |
| 1932 | 5,077 | 61.23% | 3,147 | 37.95% | 68 | 0.82% |
| 1928 | 5,277 | 75.20% | 1,683 | 23.98% | 57 | 0.81% |
| 1924 | 4,930 | 70.24% | 1,952 | 27.81% | 137 | 1.95% |
| 1920 | 4,936 | 77.17% | 1,418 | 22.17% | 42 | 0.66% |
| 1916 | 2,553 | 70.14% | 1,019 | 27.99% | 68 | 1.87% |
| 1912 | 835 | 23.88% | 895 | 25.59% | 1,767 | 50.53% |

## Economy

Economy includes coal mining and timber, as well as higher education—the Upshur County seat of Buckhannon is home to the small, private, liberal arts institution West Virginia Wesleyan College. The West Virginia State Wildlife Center in French Creek also generates some income as a popular tourist attraction. Upshur County also gained international attention during the Sago Mine disaster in 2006; the blast and ensuing aftermath trapped 13 coal miners for nearly two days, only one of whom survived.