# Isle of Wight County, Virginia

Isle of Wight County is a county in the Hampton Roads region of the U.S. state of Virginia. It is named after the Isle of Wight, England, south of the Solent, from where many of its early colonists had come. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,606. Its county seat is Isle of Wight, an unincorporated community. Isle of Wight County is in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its northeastern boundary is on the coast of Hampton Roads waterway.

## History

Isle of Wight County features two incorporated towns, Smithfield and Windsor. The first courthouse for the county was built in Smithfield in 1750. The original courthouse and its associated tavern (The Smithfield Inn) are still standing.
As the county population developed, leaders thought they needed a county seat near the center of the area. They built a new courthouse near the center of the county in 1800. The 1800 brick courthouse and its associated tavern (Boykin's Tavern) are still standing, as are the 1822 clerk's offices nearby. Some additions have been made. The 1800 courthouse is used daily, serving as the government chambers for the Board of Supervisors, as well as the meeting hall for the school board. The chambers are sometimes used as a court for civil trials if the new courthouse is fully in use. The new courthouse opened in 2010; it is across the street from the sheriff's office and county offices complex.

## History

In the 17th century, shortly after establishment of the settlement at Jamestown in 1607, English settlers explored and began settling the areas adjacent to the large Hampton Roads waterway. Captain John Smith in 1608 crossed the James River and obtained fourteen bushels of corn from the Native American inhabitants, the Warrosquyoack or Warraskoyak. They were a tribe of the Powhatan Confederacy, who had three villages in the area of modern Smithfield. English colonists drove the Warraskoyak from their villages in 1622 and 1627, as part of their reprisals for the Great Massacre of 1622, in which the Native Americans had decimated English settlements, hoping to drive them out of their territory.
The first English plantations along the south shore within present-day Isle of Wight were established by Puritan colonists, beginning with that of Christopher Lawne in May 1618, and Edward Bennett (colonist) in 1621. Several members of the Puritan Bennett family also settled there, including Edward's nephew, Richard Bennett. He led the Puritans to neighboring Nansemond in 1635, and later was appointed as governor of the Virginia Colony.
By 1634, the entire Colony consisted of eight shires or counties with a total population of about 5,000 inhabitants. Warrosquyoake Shire was renamed in 1637 as Isle of Wight County, after the island off the south coast of England. The original name had come derived from the Native Americans of the area; it went through transliteration and Anglicization, eventually becoming known as "Warwicke Squeake".
On October 20, 1673, the "Grand Assembly" at Jamestown authorized both Isle of Wight County and Lower Norfolk County to construct a fort.
St. Luke's Church, built in the 17th century, is Virginia's oldest church building. In the late 20th century, it was designated as a National Historic Landmark in recognition of its significance. Many landmark and contributing structures on the National Register are in Smithfield including the Wentworth-Grinnan House.
In 1732 a considerable portion of the northwestern part of the original shire was added to Brunswick County, and in 1748 the entire county of Southampton was carved out of it.
In the American Civil War, Company F of the 61st Virginia Infantry Regiment of the Confederate Army was called the "Isle of Wight Avengers."

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 363 square miles (940 km$^2$), of which 316 square miles (820 km$^2$) is land and 47 square miles (120 km$^2$) (13.0%) is water.
The county is bounded by the James River on the north and the Blackwater River to the south. The land is generally low-lying, with many swamps and pocosins.

### Adjacent counties and independent cities

* Newport News, Virginia — northeast
* Suffolk, Virginia — southeast
* Southampton County — west
* Franklin, Virginia — southwest
* Surry County — northwest

### Major highways

* US 17
* US 258
* US 460
* SR 10
* SR 32

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Isle of Wight County, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 24,969 | 26,410 | 70.79% | 68.41% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 8,656 | 8,579 | 24.54% | 22.22% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 104 | 139 | 0.29% | 0.36% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 275 | 391 | 0.78% | 1.01% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 13 | 31 | 0.04% | 0.08% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 54 | 202 | 0.15% | 0.52% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 541 | 1,655 | 1.53% | 4.29% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 658 | 1,199 | 1.87% | 3.11% |
| Total | 35,270 | 38,606 | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2010 Census

As of the census of 2010, there were 35,270 people, 11,319 households, and 8,670 families residing in the county. The population density was 94 inhabitants per square mile (36/km$^2$). There were 12,066 housing units at an average density of 38 units per square mile (15 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 71.8% White, 24.7% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. 1.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 11,319 households, out of which 34.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.40% were married couples living together, 12.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.40% were non-families. 20.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 29.60% from 25 to 44, 26.20% from 45 to 64, and 12.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 95.70 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 91.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $45,387, and the median income for a family was $52,597. Males had a median income of $37,853 versus $22,990 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,235. About 6.60% of families and 8.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.80% of those under age 18 and 11.90% of those age 65 or over.

## Government
### Board of Supervisors

* D5: Don Rosie (I)
* D3: Rudolph Jefferson (I)
* D2: William McCarty (I)
* D1: Renee K. Rountree (I)
* D4: Joel Acree (I)

### Constitutional officers

* Clerk of the Circuit Court: Laura E. Smith (I)
* Commissioner of the Revenue: Gerald H. Gwaltney (I)
* Commonwealth's Attorney: Georgette Phillips (I)
* Sheriff: James R. Clarke, Jr. (I)
* Treasurer: Julie Slye (I)

### State and federal elected officials

House of Delegates:
* Nadarius Clark (D-84)
* Otto Wachsmann (R-83)
Senate:
* Emily Jordan (R-17)
U.S. House of Representatives:
* Jen Kiggans (R-VA 02)
United States presidential election results for Isle of Wight County, Virginia :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 14,659 | 59.20% | 9,779 | 39.49% | 324 | 1.31% |
| 2020 | 13,707 | 58.44% | 9,399 | 40.07% | 350 | 1.49% |
| 2016 | 12,204 | 57.91% | 7,881 | 37.40% | 990 | 4.70% |
| 2012 | 11,802 | 56.67% | 8,761 | 42.07% | 264 | 1.27% |
| 2008 | 11,258 | 56.30% | 8,573 | 42.87% | 166 | 0.83% |
| 2004 | 9,929 | 62.56% | 5,871 | 36.99% | 71 | 0.45% |
| 2000 | 7,587 | 58.59% | 5,162 | 39.86% | 201 | 1.55% |
| 1996 | 5,416 | 47.64% | 4,952 | 43.56% | 1,001 | 8.80% |
| 1992 | 5,370 | 47.16% | 4,380 | 38.46% | 1,637 | 14.38% |
| 1988 | 5,779 | 60.07% | 3,747 | 38.95% | 95 | 0.99% |
| 1984 | 5,664 | 60.18% | 3,650 | 38.78% | 98 | 1.04% |
| 1980 | 3,526 | 45.30% | 3,951 | 50.76% | 307 | 3.94% |
| 1976 | 2,718 | 38.78% | 4,145 | 59.14% | 146 | 2.08% |
| 1972 | 3,555 | 59.27% | 2,305 | 38.43% | 138 | 2.30% |
| 1968 | 1,312 | 23.28% | 1,977 | 35.08% | 2,346 | 41.63% |
| 1964 | 1,737 | 39.49% | 2,656 | 60.38% | 6 | 0.14% |
| 1960 | 1,141 | 35.91% | 2,020 | 63.58% | 16 | 0.50% |
| 1956 | 1,298 | 47.08% | 1,324 | 48.02% | 135 | 4.90% |
| 1952 | 996 | 44.52% | 1,227 | 54.85% | 14 | 0.63% |
| 1948 | 442 | 27.78% | 1,064 | 66.88% | 85 | 5.34% |
| 1944 | 430 | 26.74% | 1,178 | 73.26% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 208 | 15.45% | 1,138 | 84.55% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 207 | 16.76% | 1,025 | 83.00% | 3 | 0.24% |
| 1932 | 284 | 22.27% | 982 | 77.02% | 9 | 0.71% |
| 1928 | 555 | 51.10% | 531 | 48.90% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 190 | 22.97% | 631 | 76.30% | 6 | 0.73% |
| 1920 | 245 | 24.38% | 759 | 75.52% | 1 | 0.10% |
| 1916 | 140 | 17.07% | 679 | 82.80% | 1 | 0.12% |
| 1912 | 75 | 8.48% | 708 | 80.09% | 101 | 11.43% |

## Public services

Blackwater Regional Library is the regional library system that provides services to the citizens of Isle of Wight.

## Communities
### Towns

* Smithfield
* Windsor

### Census-designated places

* Benns Church
* Camptown
* Carrollton
* Carrsville
* Rushmere

### Other unincorporated communities

* Battery Park
* Burwell's Bay
* Central Hill
* Comet
* Indika
* Isle of Wight
* Lawson
* Mogart's Beach
* Pons
* Raynor
* Rescue
* Stott
* Walters
* Wills Corner
* Zuni

## Gallery

* The 1750 courthouse on Main Street in Smithfield.
* The 1752 tavern on Main Street, now operated as the Smithfield Inn.
* Boykin's Tavern, next to the 1800 courthouse.
* St. Luke's Church, built circa 1632.