# Murder of Yara Gambirasio

Late in the evening on the 26 November 2010, 13-year-old Italian schoolgirl Yara Gambirasio disappeared after being at the sports centre in her city, Brembate di Sopra, Lombardy, Italy. She had gone there to bring a stereo for a gymnastics competition scheduled for the following weekend. Her body was found on 26 February 2011 in a field near the industrial area of Chignolo d’Isola, 10km from Brembate. The body, now decomposed, showed multiple deep cuts and a head wound, inflicted when the victim was still alive and not individually lethal. The cause of death was a combination of these injuries and hypothermia. 11 different DNA traces were found on the body and only 2 of these have been identified and attributed to individuals. One of these traces, later attributed to Massimo Bossetti, was found on her leggings and intimate clothing. There was no sign of sexual assault.
In August 2011, the final autopsy report had not been released, and the exact cause of death was undetermined, but leaked details suggested the death resulted from a head blow, non-lethal cuts, and hypothermia. Yara's funeral was held on 28 May 2011, led by Bishop Francesco Beschi of Bergamo. Initially, a young Moroccan man, Mohamed Fikri, was wrongly arrested due to a mistranslation of his words.
Forensic scientists analyzed 22,000 DNA profiles from a trace found on Yara's underwear and leggings, eventually leading to the arrest of Massimo Bossetti, a local construction worker, in June 2014. His DNA matched that of "Ignoto 1," the nickname given to the suspect. Bossetti pleaded not guilty to the abduction and killing, arguing his DNA was either contaminated or fabricated, but police maintained the sample was of excellent quality. Despite questions about the DNA evidence, Bossetti was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Corte d'Assise of Bergamo in July 2016, with the verdict upheld on appeal and confirmed by the Court of Cassation in October 2018. In November 2019, Bossetti's lawyers requested a review of the DNA evidence, which was denied in March 2021 due to insufficient DNA remaining.
The search for the culprit was one of the most extensive in Italian criminal history. In December 2022, an investigation into Letizia Ruggeri, the chief investigator, was launched over accusations of misdirection and trial fraud. In 2024, Netflix released a documentary series on the case.

## Murder

At 6:44 PM on 26 November 2010, Yara Gambirasio left the Brembate di Sopra, Italian sport center alone, but never reached her home 700 meters away. Her family soon called the Carabinieri, but despite a search involving hundreds of volunteers, her body was not found until 26 February 2011 in Chignolo d'Isola, 10 kilometers from Brembate. The body was found by chance, when a man was flying a model airplane and the model fell near Yara's body. The man called the police, who confirmed it was indeed Yara's corpse in a state of decomposition. The body showed multiple cuts, possibly made by a pointed object such as a nail or a knife, and a large wound on the head. All those wounds were not found to be lethal by themselves, and she actually died because she was left alone bleeding, during a cold winter. There was no clear sign of sexual assault, but DNA traces were found over the upper part of her leggings and her intimate clothing as well.

## Investigation

In August 2011 a final autopsy report had not yet been released and not even the exact cause of death had been ascertained, but leaked details from the investigation suggested that the death was caused by the combination of a head blow (as from falling on a hard surface or being hit with a stone), at least six cut wounds (none deadly) and hypothermia. It did not appear that Gambirasio had been raped. Yara's funeral took place on 28 May 2011 and was presided over by the bishop of Bergamo Francesco Beschi. The first suspect was a young Moroccan man, Mohamed Fikri. He was arrested on the basis of an overheard but mistranslated comment. The comment he made was "Allah, make her answer (the phone)" but it was translated as "Allah forgive me, I didn't kill her" but after other translators listened to what he said, Fikri was declared innocent.
After a trace of genetic material was taken from the victim's underwear and leggings, forensic scientists analyzed and compared about 22,000 DNA profiles and the search began for a suspect with matching DNA, referred to as "Ignoto 1" (Unknown 1, the identifying nickname given by investigators to the murderer of Gambirasio). The first person who had a trace of DNA that had much in common with Ignoto 1 was a young man called Damiano Guerinoni, who was related in some way to Ignoto 1. On 16 June 2014, an Italian bricklayer living and working in the area, Massimo Giuseppe Bossetti, was arrested and accused of being the murderer, mainly by virtue of his DNA matching "Ignoto 1"'s. While the deceased father of "Ignoto 1", Giuseppe Guerinoni, who had died in 1999, was identified relatively quickly thanks to the DNA of Damiano Guerinoni (nephew of Giuseppe Guerinoni), the search for the actual suspect was much longer and complicated because he was an illegitimate son of Guerinoni - a circumstance apparently totally unknown to anyone else previously; the suspect only became the target of investigations after his mother Ester Arzuffi was tested for DNA and the tests showed it likely that the suspect was one of her sons. Because the investigators wanted to observe the suspect for several months before confronting him, the DNA match of Massimo Giuseppe Bossetti with that of "Ignoto 1" was confirmed during an apparently routine breathalyzer test, which was performed specifically with the intention of obtaining Bossetti's DNA.
Bossetti consistently proclaimed his innocence, stating he suffered from nosebleeds and that someone had stolen his work tools, including a knife, an awl and a trowel, possibly blood-soiled, and that the DNA proof was fabricated, due to either excessive exposure to the weather or cross-contamination. He said "the tools may be mine, but the hand that killed her wasn't mine" Yet police maintained that the sample was "of excellent quality" and Bossetti was denied any chance of a plea bargain or confession, despite his charge of life imprisonment, because apparently there was not enough DNA trace to make another test. His wife confirmed his alibi, but she was not believed, also based on some phone recordings.
In January 2015, a scientific adviser to the court stated that the MtDNA of "Ignoto 1" might not match that of Bossetti, and that there might be the possibility of an error. According to rumors, as early as July 2013, the DNA showed no correspondence with the genetic maternal line of Massimo Bossetti (a fact explained with a comparison error among thousands of samples), while that correspondence was found after a further analysis on the illegitimate child - after the suggestion of an acquaintance - of Ester Arzuffi (the mother of the suspect). If Bossetti appears to be Guerinoni's son, there are still doubts even on the nuclear DNA and its correspondence with the profile of the suspect. The attorney refused, however, to question the evidence, as requested by the lawyers of Bossetti, who have repeated several times the request for release of their client, and asked to declare him not guilty in a future trial. Bossetti's lawyer said that "there is an obvious anomaly, the mitochondrial DNA does not match the nuclear DNA. This should at least make us raise a question: whether the whole process which led to the identification of DNA has been done with the most absolute correctness, or not."
An instructor at the gym, Silvia Brena, has been the focus of attention of Bossetti's defence. Her blood was found on the sleeves of Yara's jacket, identified by DNA. On the night of Yara's disappearance, Silvia Brena's father has said that she cried all night, although she has given no reason for this. Under questioning she said that she remembered nothing and could not explain why she and her brother had sent text messages to each other at the time of Yara's disappearance which they had almost immediately deleted without deleting other messages sent before and after.
The search for the culprit of Gambirasio's murder was one of the most extensive in Italian criminal history.

## Aftermath

On 1 July 2016 the Corte d'Assise of Bergamo sentenced Bossetti to life imprisonment. In July 2017 the Corte d'Assise d'Appello di Brescia upheld the verdict. On 12 October 2018 the Court of Cassation confirmed Bossetti's life sentence.
In November 2019, Bossetti's defence lawyers asked for a review of the DNA evidence. In March 2021 their request was not accepted because there was not any more DNA to be analysed. This led in December 2022 to an investigation of Letizia Ruggeri, chief investigator on the case, accused of misdirection and trial fraud.
In 2024, Netflix released a documentary series, named The Yara Gambirasio Case: Beyond Reasonable Doubt, covering the abduction, trial and issues surrounding the DNA.