# Ibn Furak

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3rd AH/9th AD
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Ibn Furak (d. 406/1015)
Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini (d. 418/1027)
'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi (d. 429/1037)
Abu 'Imran al-Fasi (d. 430/1038-9)
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6th AH/12th AD
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1209)
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Ibn al-Nafis (d. 687/1288)
7th AH/13th AD
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (d. 702/1302)
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Safi al-Din al-Hindi (d. 715/1315)
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Taqi al-Din al-Subki (d. 756/1355)
'Adud al-Din al-'Iji (d. 757/1355)
Taj al-Din al-Subki (d. 771/1370)
Shams al-Din al-Kirmani (d. 786/1384)
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Badr al-Din al-Zarkashi (d. 794/1392)
8th AH/14th AD
Ibn 'Arafa (d. 803/1401)
Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini (d. 805/1405)
Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi (d. 806/1404)
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Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli (d. 864/1459)
'Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi (d. 875/1470)
Ahmad Zarruq (d. 899/1493)
9th AH/15th AD
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Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (d. 907/1501 or 908/1502)
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10th AH/16th AD
Ibn 'Ashir (d. 1040/1631)
Ahmad al-Maqqari (d. 1041/1632)
Ibrahim al-Laqqani (d. 1041/1631)
Muhammad Mayyara (d. 1072/1662)
11th AH/17th AD
Al-Hasan al-Yusi (d. 1102/1691)
Muhammad al-Zurqani (d. 1122/1710)
'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad (d. 1132/1720)
Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (d. 1176/1762)
12th AH/18th AD
Ahmad al-Dardir (d. 1204/1786)
Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (d. 1224/1809)
Ibn Kiran (d. 1227/1812)
Ahmad al-Tijani (d. 1230/1815)
Ibrahim al-Bajuri (d. 1276/1859-60)
Muhammad 'Ilish (d. 1299/1882)
13th AH/19th AD
Ahmad Zayni Dahlan (d. 1304/1886)
Yusuf al-Nabhani (d. 1350/1931)
Bediüzzaman Said Nursi (d. 1379/1960)
Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani (d. 1390/1970)
Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur (d. 1393/1973)
14th AH/20th AD
Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sha'rawi (d. 1419/1998)
Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki (d. 1425/2004)
'Abdullah al-Harari (d. 1429/2008)
Nuh al-Qudah (d. 1432/2010)
Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti (d. 1434/2013)
Wahbah al-Zuhayli (d. 1436/2015)
Muhammad 'Ali al-Sabuni (d. 1442/2021) :
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Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Fūrāk, Abū Bakr al-Asbahānī al-Shāfi`ī, commonly known as Ibn Fūrāk (Arabic: ابن فورك); c. 941–c. 1015 CE / 330–406 AH). The Imam, a leading authority on kalam and usul, the transmitter of Al-Ash`ari's school, an expert in Arabic language, grammar and poetry, an orator, a jurist, and a hadith master from the Shafi'i Madhhab in 10th century.

## Life
### Birth and Education

Ibn Furak was born in around 941 CE (330 AH) in Isfahan. He studied the Ash'ari theology under Abu al-Hasan al-Bahili along with Al-Baqillani and Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini in Basra and Baghdad, and also Prophetic traditions under 'Abd Allah bin Ja'far al-Isbahani. From 'Iraq he went to Rayy, then to Nishapur, where a madrasa was built for him beside the Khanqah of the Sufi al-Bushandji. He was in Nishapur before the death of the Sufi Abu 'Uthman al-Maghribi in 373/983, and the saint would instruct Ibn Furak to lead the burial prayer over him prior to his death.

### Scholarly career

Ibn Furak was the teacher and master of al-Qushayri and al-Bayhaqi who both would frequently cite in their popular works Al-Risala and Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat, respectively. He debated and won against the anthropomorphist Karramiyya in Rayy, then he travelled to Nishapur where he trained and taught the next generation of jurists at a school established in his honour, which was an extension of the previous Sufi school (Khanqah) built by Abû al-Hasan al-Bushanji. In Nishapur, he brought the transmissions of the narrators of Basra and Baghdad, both from Iraq, and also authored a number of books in various fields and Islamic sciences.

### Dispute and Death

The Karramiyya tried to initially have him executed by the Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni but failed after the Sultan summoned him to Ghazni and questioned him then exonerated him of the erroneous charges they had brought against him as Ibn Furak was found innocent from the false accusations laid out by his enemies. However, upon returning from Ghazni, he was poisoned by the angered Karramiyya, fell on the road, and died in 1015 CE (406 AH) while another version says that he was attacked from behind from them. He was carried back to Nishapur and buried in al-Hira. According to Ibn Asakir, the grave of Ibn Furak is a place where people go to seek healing (istishfâ') and have their prayers granted.

## Controversy over Ibn Furak

Al-Dhahabi mentions Ibn Furak in a short reference stating some inaccurate and defaming reports from Ibn Hazm, without questioning their intent where Ibn Furak was unjustly accused of claiming the prophethood ends after the death of Muhammad and other slanders that accuse him of disbelief. Despite this, Al-Dhahabi goes on to say: "Ibn Furak was better than Ibn Hazm, of a greater stature (rank among scholars) and better belief (creed)."
Ibn al-Subki provided evidence that this statement by Ibn Hazm were "anti-Ash'ari fabrications and forgeries" falsely attributed to Ibn Furak. He showed how these reports were refuted by Al-Qushayri and Ibn al-Salah. Ibn al-Subki then quotes Ibn Furak's own words testifying his true creed. Ibn Furak says:
   “The Ash'ari belief (creed) is that our prophet (ﷺ) is alive in his Blessed Grave and is the Messenger of Allah (God), forever until the End of times, this is literally, not metaphorically or symbolically, and the correct Belief is that he (Prophet Muhammad ﷺ) was a Prophet when Adam (ﷺ) was between Water and Clay, and his Prophethood remains until now, and shall ever remain.”

## Character

According to the martyred Imam Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Dunas al-Findalawi al-Maliki, Ibn Furak would always sleep elsewhere out of reverence for a house that cantained a volume of the Qur'an.

## Works

Ibn Furak's works in "Usul al-Din" (foundation of religion), "Usul al-fiqh" (foundation of jurisprudence), and the meanings of the Quran count nearly one hundred volumes. Among them are Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari and Kitab Mushkil al-hadith wa-bayanihi (with many variants of the title), in which he refuted both the anthropomorphist tendencies of karramis and the over-interpretation of the Mu'tazila. Ibn Furak said that he embarked on the study of kalam because of the hadîth reported from the Prophet.
His main work in the eyes of later generations is Tabaqat al-mutakallimin which is the main source to study al-Ash'ari theology.

## Early Islam scholars

vteEarly Islamic scholars :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | | | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | | | | | | |
| Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | | | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | | |
| Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | | | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | | | | | | | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar |
| Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman taught | Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman taught | Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman taught | Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman taught | Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman taught | Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman taught | | | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | | | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | | |
| Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | | | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | | | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | | | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas |
| Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | | | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | | | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | | | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | | | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography |
| Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | | | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | | | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | | | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | | | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | | | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | | | | | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | | | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | | | | | | | | | | |
| Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |