# Beijing Subway rolling stock

All Beijing Subway trains run on 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge rail and draw power from the 750 V DC third rail, except those on Lines 6, 11 14, 16, 17 and 19, which use 1,500 V DC overhead wires. Lines 6, 15, Fangshan, and Changping lines have a designed maximum service speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). The Airport Line is linear motor driven with a designed maximum service speed of 110 km/h (68 mph) All other Lines have a maximum service speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). Currently, Lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, Batong, Daxing, Changping, Fangshan, Yanfang, and Yizhuang lines use 6 car B size trains. Initially, the Batong line and Line 13 was originally used 4 car trains and now expanded into six.

## Type B Trains

The most common rolling stock of the Beijing Subway is the Type-B car, which has a carrying capacity of 245 passengers per car and top speed of 80 km/h (50 mph), drawing 750 V DC power from the third rail. Most lines operate the six-car Type-B train set that can carry 1,460 passengers per train and transport 43,800 passengers per hour. Lines 6 and 7 use eight-car Type-B train sets that can carry 1,960 passengers per train and 58,800 passengers per hour. The Type-B trains sets of Lines 6 and 7 can draw 1,500 V DC power and can reach 100 km/h (62 mph). The Yanfang Line operates four-car Type-B train sets with ”driverless” automatic train operation.

## Type A Trains

Type-A cars run on Lines 11, 14, 16, 17, 19 and under construction Lines 3 and 12. They are 3.1 meters longer, and 20 cm wider than Type-B cars with a designed capacity of 310 passengers per car and 10 sets of doors per train compared to 8 sets of doors per train on Type-B cars. Type A cars draw 1,500 V DC power from overhead wire and can reach 100 km/h (62 mph). Line 14 uses six-car Type A train sets which can carry 1,860 passengers per train and allow for throughput of up to 55,800 passengers per hour per direction. Lines 16, 17 and 19 uses eight-car Type-A train sets which can carry 2,480 passengers per train and allow for throughput of up 74,400 passengers per hour per direction.

## Type L trains

The Capital Airport Express has its distinct 4-car linear motor train sets, powered by 750 V DC electricity via the third rail, and can reach a maximum speed of 110 km/h (68 mph). The under construction Line 28 will also use L type trains but 6 cars long.

## Type D Trains

The Daxing Airport Express uses Type-D train sets with top operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph). These trains are powered by 25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead wires. The eight-car train sets have seven passenger cars and one car to carry luggage. The under construction Line 22 will also use eight-car Type-D trains.

## Maglev

The S1 Line's maglev trains feature six-car train sets that run on 1,500 V DC power and can reach 100 km/h (62 mph). Compared to subway trains that run on conventional track, the maglev train has a smaller minimum turning radius of 75 meters compared to 200 meters, can climb steeper slope of 53‰ versus 40‰ and emits less noise. The six-car train set can carry 1,032 passengers.

## Light Rail Transit

The Xijiao LRT and Yizhuang Tram Line T1 operates five-car trams that draw 750 V DC from overhead lines and can reach 70 km/h (43 mph).

## Manufacturers

From the subway's inception to 2003, all Beijing subway trains were manufactured by CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd. All rolling stock on Lines 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 15, Yizhuang line, Capital Airport Express and some of Line 1, 14, 16, and Yanfang line stocks are produced by CNR Changchun. However, CSR Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. has recently produced rolling stock for the Beijing subway. CSR Sifang produced all the trains for Lines 4, 8, Daxing, Changping, Daxing Airport Express and some of Line 1, 14, 16, and Yanfang line.
The Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., provides local assemblage, maintenance and repair services. It has also made trains for line 7, Batong, and Fangshan lines.

## History
### First Generation

In the 1960s to mid-1970s, the Beijing Subway used DK2 and DK3 models made in Changchun. The DK stands for diandong keche or electrically-operated passenger car. These models and their derivatives, the DK3G, DK20, DK16A, BD1 and BD2 are classified by the Beijing Subway as the first generation. In recent decades, the Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co. refurbished the DK16A and DK20 models, which remained in use well into the first decade of the 21st century. The refurbished DK16AG trains entered into service on Line 2 in 2005.

#### Pyongyang Metro DK4 cars

During the opening of Line 13 some ex-Pyongyang Metro Changchun DK4 cars were used until the new order of cars replaced them.

### Second Generation

From the 1980 to the early 1990s, the subway introduced several new models including the DK6, DK9 and their derivatives the DK11, DK16 and GTO. The M-series trains that appeared on Lines 2 and 13 were made by Japan's Tokyu Car Corporation.

### Third Generation

In 1998, the subway began deploying a new generation of train sets that featured variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) control mechanisms. These models include the DKZ4, DKZ5, and the DKZ6. DKZ stands for diandong keche zu or electric passenger train sets. CNR Changchun also made 174 DK28-DK31 metro cars, which uses VVVF inverters and AC motors for Line 1, and 136 DK32-34 trains for Line 13. In 2005, the Batong line began using SFX01 and SFX02 trains made by CSR Qingdao Sifang. The 40 trains of the Airport Express were made by a joint-venture between CRRC Changchun and Bombardier Transportation, and uses Bombardier's Innovia Advanced Rapid Transit (ART) 200 technology.

### Fourth Generation

Since 2017, trains have been ordered with capabilities for unattended automatic train operation. Starting with the DKZ70 and SFM16 trains on the Yanfang Line. Since then trains on the Daxing Airport Express, Lines 11, 17 and 19 operate or are capable of operating in GoA4 unattended train operation mode.

## Fleet
### Current

| Model | Type | Manufacturer | Year Built | Amount in Service | Fleet Numbers | Line(s) Served | Depot | Notes |
| DKZ4 | 6B | CNR Changchun | 1998 | 31 | S401–S431 | 1 | Sihui | Refurbished 2007 |
| DKZ5 | 6B | CNR Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2002 | 55 | H401 H403–H456 | 13 | Huilongguan | Refurbished 2015–2018 |
| DKZ6 | 6B | CNR Changchun | 2002 | 1 | H402 | 13 | Huilongguan | Refurbished 2015 |
| SFM01 | 6B | CSR Qingdao Sifang Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2003 | 19 | TQ401–TQ408 (01 071–01 078) TQ415–TQ424 (01 085–01 094) | Batong | Tuqiao | Refurbished 2015–2019 |
| SFM02 | 6B | CSR Qingdao Sifang | 2003 | 5 | TQ409–TQ414 (01 079–01 084) | Batong | Tuqiao | Refurbished 2015–2019 |
| DKZ13 | 6B | CNR Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2006 | 61 | TP401–TP461 | 5 | Taipingzhuang Songjiazhuang | Currently being refurbished |
| DKZ16 | 6B | CNR Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2006 | 50 | T401–T450 | 2 | Taipinghu | |
| SFM04 | 6B | CSR Qingdao Sifang | 2006 | 39 | G432–G470 | 1 | Gucheng | |
| DKZ15 | 6B | CNR Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment CNR Dalian | 2007 | 43 | W401–W443 | 10 | Wanliu Wulu | |
| QKZ5 | 4L$_B$ | CNR/CRRC Changchun Bombardier | 2007 | 10 | L1 101–L1 110 | Capital Airport | Tianzhu | Based on the INNOVIA ART 200 |
| SFM05 | 6B | CSR Qingdao Sifang | 2008 2010 | 73 | 001–053 061–093 | 4  Daxing | Longbeicun Majiapu Nanzhaolu | |
| SFM07 | 6B | CSR Qingdao Sifang Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2008 | 6 | TQ425–TQ430 | Batong | Tuqiao | Refurbished 2016–2019 |
| BJD01 / BDK03 | 6B | CNR Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2009 2019–2020 | 44 | FS001–FS021 FS022–FS044 | Fangshan | Yancun | |
| SFM13 | 6B | CSR/CRRC Qingdao Sifang | 2009 2019 | 32 | CP001–CP032 | Changping | Dingsi Road Ming Tombs | |
| DKZ31 | 6B | CNR Changchun | 2010 | 28 | 15 001–15 028 | 15 | Maquanying Fengbo | |
| DKZ32 | 6B | CNR Changchun | 2010 | 23 | YZ001–YZ023 | Yizhuang | Songjiazhuang Taihu | |
| SFM12 | 6B | CSR/CRRC Qingdao Sifang Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2010 | 40 | 08 001–08 040 | 8 | Pingxifu Yinghai | |
| DKZ33 / BDK05 | 6B | CNR/CRRC Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2011 2019 | 37 | 09 001–09 037 | 9 | Guogongzhuang | |
| DKZ34 | 6B | CNR Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment CNR Dalian | 2011 | 41 | 10 044–10 084 | 10 | Wanliu Wulu | |
| DKZ47 | 8B | CNR/CRRC Changchun | 2011 2013 2018 | 99 | 06 001–06 099 | 6 | Wulu Wuliqiao Dongxiaoying | |
| DKZ53 | 6A | CNR Changchun | 2012 | 38 | 201–238 | 14 | Maquanying Zhangyicun | |
| SFM18 | 6A | CSR Qingdao Sifang | 2012 | 25 | 239–263 | 14 | Maquanying Zhangyicun | |
| BDK01 / BDK04 | 8B | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2013 | 68 | 07 001–07 068 | 7 | Jiaohuachang Zhangjiawan | |
| DKZ46 | 6B | CNR Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment CNR Dalian | 2013 | 32 | 10 085–10 116 | 10 | Wanliu Wulu | |
| DKZ76 | 4B | CRRC Changchun | 2014-2016 | 15 | YF001–YF015 | Yanfang | Yancun North | |
| DKZ93 | 8A | CRRC Changchun CSR Qingdao Sifang | 2016-2019 | 63 | 301–335 | 16 | Beianhe | |
| SFM16 | 4B | CRRC Qingdao Sifang | 2016 | 1 | YF016 | Yanfang | Yancun North | |
| SFM40 | 8A | CRRC Qingdao Sifang | 2016– | 29 | 336–364 | 16 | Beianhe | |
| SFM42 | 6B | CRRC Qingdao Sifang Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2019 | 72 | 08 041–08 112 | 8 | Pingxifu Yinghai | |
| BDK06 | 6B | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2019– | 12 | TQ431–TQ437 01108-01112 | Batong | Tuqiao Sihui | |
| Cinova-160 | 8D, 4D | CRRC Qingdao Sifang | 2019 (8 Car Train), 2020 (4 Car Train) | 16 | JC001–JC008, JC010–JC013 (8 Car Train), JC401–JC404 (4 Car Train) | Daxing Airport | Cigezhuang New Airport North | |
| CJ3 City Type | 8D | CRRC Changchun | 2019 | 1 | JC009 | Daxing Airport | Cigezhuang New Airport North | |
| SFM79/CCD5035 | 8A | CRRC Qingdao Sifang CRRC Changchun | 2019– | 35 | 501–518, 539–555 | 17 | | |
| SFM80/CCD5034 | 8A | CRRC Qingdao Sifang CRRC Changchun | 2019– | 25 | 19 001–19 025 | 19 | | |
| ZBM04 | 4A | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2020 | 5 | 11 001–11 005 | 11 | | |
| CCD3004 | 4L$_B$ | CRRC Changchun | 2021 | 5 | L1 111–L1 115 | Capital Airport | Tianzhu | Based on the INNOVIA ART 200 |
| ZBM06/SFM86 | 4A, 8A | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment CRRC Qingdao Sifang | 2019-2022 | 40 | 03 001-03 040 | 3 | | |
| CCD5049/ZBM05 | 4A, 8A | CRRC Changchun Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2020-2023 | 84 | 12 001-12 084 | 12 | | |
| ZBM15 | 6B | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2024- | | 13 001- | 13 | | |

### Former
#### Line 1

| Model | Manufacturer | Year Built | Years in service | Number Made | Fleet Numbers (Before 1996) | Fleet Numbers (After 1996) | Notes |
| DK1 [zh] | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1967 | — | 2 | 001–002 | — | Never ran in service due to exceeding the subway's loading gauge. |
| DK2 [zh] | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1969–1970 | 1969–1985 | 80 | 201–219 | — | 76 cars were refurbished into DK11. |
| DK3/3G [zh] | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1971–1973 | 1971-2002 | 50 | Un­known | G101–G107 | Transferred to line 13 and Batong line. |
| DK8 [zh] | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1982 | Un­known | 52 | 401–413 | — | Transferred to line 2. |
| DK11 [zh] | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1984–1985 | 1984–2008 | 76 | 601–619 | G201–G207, G2082–G2085, G209–G213 | |
| DK20/20G [zh] | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1994–1995 | 1994–2012 | 42 | 443–449 | G108–G114 | Originally retired in 2008, reactivated due to DKZ4 trains being overhauled. |
| BD1 [zh] | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 1990–1992 | 1990–1994 | 18 | 3083–3084, 309–311 | — | Transferred to line 2. |
| BD2/2G [zh] | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 1994–1998 | 1995–2012 | 72 | 450–454 (first batch only) | G115–G126 | Originally retired in 2008, reactivated due to DKZ4 trains being overhauled. |
| BD3 [zh] | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 1995 | 1996–2001 | 2 | — | G2081, G2086 | Linked with DK3 cars G2082–G2085. |

#### Line 2

| Model | Manufacturer | Year Built | Years in service | Number Made | Fleet Numbers (Before 1996) | Fleet Numbers (After 1996) | Notes |
| DK6 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1979 | 1984–2008 | 4 | 501 | T1193–T1194 | Cars T1193–T1194 were linked with DK19 cars T1191–T1192 and T1195–T1196 in 1996. |
| DK8 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1982 | 1984–2008 | 52 | 401–413 | T101–T104, T106–T108, T1093–T1094, T3023, T3024, T304 | Some cars were retrofitted with GTO chopper controls. |
| DK9 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1983 | 1984–2008 | 4 | 502 | T1191–T1192, T1195–T1196 | Linked with DK6 cars T1193–T1194 in 1996. |
| DK16 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1987–1989 | 1987–2009 | 115 | 430–441, 4421–4423 | T1091–T1092, T1095–T1096, T110–T118, T120–T122, T124–T127, T1281–T1285, T3021–T3022, T3025–T3026, T303 | Several cars were retrofitted with GTO chopper controls. |
| DK19 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1989 | 1989–2008 | 1 | 4424 | T1286 | Linked with DK16 cars T1281–T1285. |
| DKZ1 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1987 | 1987–1998 | 3 | 701 | Un­known | Transferred to line 13 in 2002. |
| BD1 | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 1990–1992 | 1994–2008 | 24 | 308–311 | T129–T132 | |
| BD11 | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2000 | 2004 | 12 | — | T305–T306 | |
| M | Tokyu Car Corporation | 1984 | 1984–1995 | 3 | — | — | Transferred to line 13 in 2002. |

#### Line 13

| Model | Manufacturer | Year Built | Year Retired | Number Made | Fleet Numbers | Depot | Notes |
| DK3G | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1971 | 2003 | 14 | H101–H114 | Huilongguan | |
| DK16 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1986 | 2002 | 4 | H115–H118 | Huilongguan | |
| M | Tokyu Car Corporation | 1984 | 2003 | 1 | H301 | Huilongguan | |
| DKZ1 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1998 | 2003 | 1 | H302 | Huilongguan | |
| BD8 | Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment | 2000 | 2003 | 1 | H303 | Huilongguan | |
| DKZ10 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 2005 | 2010 | 1 | H457 | Huilongguan | Exited service due to quality issues. |

#### Batong Line

| Model | Manufacturer | Year Built | Year Retired | Number Made | Fleet Numbers | Depot |
| DK3 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1971 | 2005 | 14 | TQ101–TQ114 | Tuqiao |
| DK16 | CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles | 1986 | 2003 | 4 | TQ115–TQ118 | Tuqiao |