OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Pennsylvania Gazette

The Pennsylvania Gazette was one of the United States' most prominent newspapers from 1728 until 1800. In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the newspaper served as a voice for colonial opposition to British colonial rule, especially to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts. The newspaper was headquartered in Philadelphia.

## History
### 18th century

The newspaper was first published in 1728 by Samuel Keimer and was the second newspaper to be published in the colonial Province of Pennsylvania under the name The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette, a reference to Keimer's intention to print out a page of Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in each edition.
On October 2, 1729, Samuel Keimer, the owner of The Gazette, fell into debt and before fleeing to Barbados sold the newspaper to Benjamin Franklin and his partner Hugh Meredith, who shortened its name, as well as dropping Keimer's grandiose plan to print out the Cyclopaedia. Franklin not only printed the paper but also often contributed pieces to the paper under aliases. His newspaper soon became the most successful in the colonies.
On December 28, 1732, Franklin announced in The Gazette that he had just printed and published the first edition of The Poor Richard, also known as Poor Richard's Almanack, by Richard Saunders, Philomath.
On August 6, 1741, Franklin published an editorial following the death of Andrew Hamilton, a lawyer and public figure in Philadelphia and friend of Franklin. The editorial praised the man highly and showed Franklin had held the man in high esteem.
On October 19, 1752, Franklin published a third-person account of his pioneering kite experiment in The Pennsylvania Gazette, without mentioning that he himself had performed it.
While the purpose of the publication was primarily for classified ads, merchants and individuals listed notices of employment, lost and found goods and items for sale, it also reprinted foreign news. Most entries involved stories of travel. The gazette also published advertisements for runaway slaves and indentured servants.
Among other firsts by The Pennsylvania Gazette, the newspaper was the first to publish the political cartoon Join, or Die, authored by Franklin. The cartoon resurfaced later in the 18th century as a symbol in support of the American Revolution.

### 19th century

The paper ceased publication in 1800, ten years after Franklin's death. It is claimed that the publication later reemerged as the Saturday Evening Post in 1821.
There are three known copies of the original issue, which are held by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Library Company of Philadelphia, both in Philadelphia, and the Wisconsin State Historical Society at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison, Wisconsin.

## Other uses

The Pennsylvania Gazette moniker is used by an unrelated bi-monthly alumni magazine of the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League university that Franklin founded and served at as one of its first trustees.
# Fritzie Connally

Fritzie Lee Connally (born May 19, 1958) is a former professional baseball player. A right-handed third baseman, he played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Orioles and Chicago Cubs.
After a career at Baylor University, Connally was drafted by the Cubs in the 7th round of the 1980 June amateur entry draft. Connally played in the minors for four seasons, getting a late-season call-up to the Cubs in 1983. He made his debut with the Cubs on September 9 as a pinch hitter for Tom Grant. St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Neil Allen struck him out.
Connally had six more pinch-hit appearances that year, as well as one start at third base, but didn't get his first major league hit until his final at-bat of the year, October 2 against the Cardinals, when he was again called upon to pinch-hit for Grant. This time, Connally singled against Dave Rucker. He remained in the game to play third base in what would prove to be his last game as a Cub. On December 7, Connally was sent to the San Diego Padres as part of a three-team trade involving (among others) Craig Lefferts, Carmelo Martinez, and Scott Sanderson.
Connally spent 1984 with the Las Vegas Stars, the Padres' AAA affiliate, before being traded February 7, 1985, to the Orioles for Vic Rodriguez. He made Baltimore's Opening Day roster and made most of his appearances at third base, also seeing time at first base and designated hitter. Connally's first two major league home runs were notably grand slams. The first came off the Toronto Blue Jays' Doyle Alexander, and the second came at the expense of the Seattle Mariners' Matt Young. Though he was batting .280 in early June, Connally fell into a 3-for-31 slump, dropping his average to .232, before being sent down to AAA Rochester for the remainder of the campaign.
Connally retired after the 1985 season.

## Personal

Connally lives in Arlington, Texas.
# Kaʼapor (disambiguation)

The Kaʼapor are an indigenous people of Brazil.
Kaʼapor may also refer to:
* Kaʼapor language
* Kaʼapor Sign Language
# Abraham A. Haring House

Abraham A. Haring House is located in Rockleigh, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1758 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983.
Current owner: The current owner of this estate "Leo porto" is known for his professional gaming career in games such as Rocket league, Fortnight, and League of Legends.
# Aleksandr Lyubishchev

Aleksandr Lyubishchev (Russian: Александр Александрович Любищев; 1890, in Saint Petersburg – 1972) was a Soviet biologist (entomologist) and philosopher, Doctor of Sciences (1936), and professor. He retired in 1955. Lyubishchev called himself a nihilist. He was also a Platonist.

## Career

His ancestors were serfs of Count Aleksey Arakcheyev.
Lyubishchev graduated from the Saint Petersburg State University in 1911. He was a student of Alexander Gurwitsch. Then he taught on the Bestuzhev Courses, at the Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University, the Perm State University.
In 1921 he left Simferopol for Perm. In 1930, he moved to Leningrad. In 1938 he moved to Kyiv. Then he headed the laboratory in Bishkek for the Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences. From 1950 to 1955, Lyubishchev headed the Department of zoology at the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University.
In 1912, he published his first scientific article. Since the 1920s he worked in the field of agricultural entomology. He criticized the book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Lyubishchev had a negative assessment of F. Castro.
Daniil Granin wrote the book about him called «Эта странная жизнь» (1974). This book made Lyubishchev popular. According to the book, Lyubishchev had a bit of a “mad scientist” image. His main work remained unpublished.
Nikolai Cholodny was his friend.
# Soong Fie Cho

Soong Fie Cho (宋佩珠; born 5 January 1989) is a Malaysian badminton player. She won the 2015 Grand Prix Gold title at the Syed Modi International tournament in the women's doubles event partnered with Amelia Alicia Anscelly. She and Anscelly also won the gold medal at the 2015 SEA Games.

## Achievements
### SEA Games

Women's doubles
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2015 | Singapore Indoor Stadium, Singapore | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Vivian Hoo Woon Khe Wei | 21–18, 21–13 | Gold |

### BWF Grand Prix

The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.
Women's doubles
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2013 | Vietnam Open | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Go Ah-ra Yoo Hae-won | 21–12, 10–21, 9–21 | Runner-up |
| 2015 | Syed Modi International | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Vivian Hoo Woon Khe Wei | 22–20, 21–15 | Winner |
    BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
    BWF Grand Prix tournament

### BWF International Challenge/Series

Women's doubles
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2012 | Vietnam International | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Pia Zebadiah Bernadet Rizki Amelia Pradipta | 10–21, 15–21 | Runner-up |
| 2013 | Iran Fajr International | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Nicole Grether Charmaine Reid | 21–18, 21–15 | Winner |
| 2013 | French International | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Rie Eto Yu Wakita | 17–21, 17–21 | Runner-up |
| 2013 | Malaysia International | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Kugo Asumi Yui Miyauchi | 17–21, 14–21 | Runner-up |
| 2014 | Iran Fajr International | Amelia Alicia Anscelly | Özge Bayrak Neslihan Yiğit | 21–11, 21–19 | Winner |
| 2017 | Indonesia International | Tee Jing Yi | Dian Fitriani Nadya Melati | 21–16, 16–21, 21–19 | Winner |
| 2017 | Malaysia International | Tee Jing Yi | Kittipak Dubthuk Natcha Saengchote | 21–16, 21-17 | Winner |
| 2018 | Malaysia International | Tee Jing Yi | Lim Chiew Sien Tan Sueh Jeou | 21–13, 21–10 | Winner |
    BWF International Challenge tournament
    BWF International Series tournament
# Adrià Gallego

Adrià Gallego Arias (born 9 April 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right back for Andorran club Inter d'Escaldes.

## Club career

Born in Lleida, Catalonia, Gallego never played any higher than Segunda División B in Spain, with a season each for hometown club UE Lleida (dissolved at the end of 2010–11), Club Portugalete and Atlético Saguntino.

### Politehnica Iași

In June 2018, Gallego left Saguntino and joined Romanian team FC Politehnica Iași on a free transfer. He later signed a two-year deal with the Liga I squad. On 23 July, he made his Liga I debut for Politehnica in a 0–0 draw against Universitatea Craiova. After taking a salary reduction to stay on at the cash-strapped club for one more season, he scored his only goal on 28 October 2019, to decide a 2–1 home win over CFR Cluj.

### Inter Club d'Escaldes

On 5 February 2021, Gallego signed for Inter Club d'Escaldes of the Andorran Primera Divisió.
# C12H19NO3

The molecular formula C$_{12}$H$_{19}$NO$_3$ (molar mass : 225.28 g/mol, exact mass : 225.136493) may refer to:
* BOD (psychedelic)
* Colterol
* Escaline
* Macromerine
* Metaescaline
* N-Methylmescaline
* Metiprenaline
* Prenalterol
* Terbutaline
* Trimethoxyamphetamines
** 2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
** 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
# Andrew McFarlane (judge)

Sir Andrew Ewart McFarlane PC (born 20 June 1954) is a British judge. He was a Lord Justice of Appeal in England and Wales from 2011 to 2018, and became President of the Family Division in July 2018 upon Sir James Munby’s retirement from that office.

## Early life and education

McFarlane was brought up in Solihull, West Midlands, before moving to Crosby, Merseyside. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and studied law at Collingwood College, Durham, and graduated in 1975. He was an early member of Durham University Sensible Thespians (later renamed The Durham Revue), a sketch comedy group founded in 1973.

## Legal career

McFarlane was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1977 and has been a Bencher since 2003. He began his pupillage in London at chancery chambers before moving to 2 Fountain Court in Birmingham (now St Philips Chambers). While there, he and David Hershman wrote Hershman and McFarlane: Children Law and Practice. He then moved to 1 King’s Bench Walk in Temple, London in 1994. In 1998, he became a Queen's Counsel.
He was appointed an Assistant Recorder in 1995, a Recorder in 1999 and a deputy High Court Judge in 2000. He was appointed as a judge of the High Court of Justice on 18 April 2005 and assigned to the Family Division, receiving the customary knighthood. McFarlane was the Family Division Liaison Judge for the Midland Circuit from 2006 until his appointment as a Lord Justice of Appeal on 28 July 2011, whereupon he received the customary appointment to the Privy Council. On 28 July 2018, he was appointed President of the Family Division.
He was, until January 2019, the President of Tribunals and Chair of the Clergy Discipline Commission of the Church of England under the Clergy Discipline Measure 2003.
In 2021, McFarlane ordered that the will of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh would be sealed for at least 90 years. The original will and its envelope, alongside at least thirty others belonging to various members of the Royal Family now deceased, are stored in a safe and retained in the custody of the President of the Family Division.
# W Canis Majoris

W Canis Majoris (W CMa) is a carbon star in the constellation Canis Major. A cool star, it has a surface temperature of around 2,900 K and a radius 234 times that of the Sun, with a bolometric absolute magnitude of −4.13 and distance estimated at 443 or 445 parsecs (1,444–1,450 light-years) based on bolometric magnitude or radius. The Gaia Data Release 2 parallax of 1.8049±0.1454 milliarcseconds implies a distance of about 555 parsecs. It is a variable star, whose brightness ranges from magnitude 6.35 to 7.90. At its brightest, it might be very faintly visible to the naked eye of an observer with ideal observing conditions.

## Variability

In 1901, it was announced that Williamina Fleming had discovered the star, then called BD −11° 1805, is a variable star. It was given its variable star designation, W Canis Majoris, in 1912. W CMa is classified as a slow irregular variable star. Detailed analyses have found only very weak and probably spurious periods of approximately a month. It is a carbon star, an asymptotic giant branch star where carbon and s-process elements have been dredged up to the surface during thermal pulses of the helium-burning shell.
# Ben Kingree

Ben Kingree III (September 7, 1934 – March 6, 2015) was an American politician and lawyer.
Born in Shelbyville, Tennessee, Kingree served in the United States Marine Corps. He then received his bachelor's and law degrees from Vanderbilt University. He practiced law in Shelbyville, Tennessee and in Atlanta, GA. Kingree served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1967 to 1969 and was a Democrat. In 1972, Kingree moved to Atlanta, Georgia and practiced law. He died in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina where he lived.
# 1796 Boca de Nigua slave revolt

The 1796 Boca de Nigua Rebellion was a slave rebellion that occurred in what is now Dominican Republic. This was the largest slave revolt to erupt in Dominican history.In the end, the revolt was brutally suppressed. However, this laid the foundations for the defense of the human rights of blacks in Santo Domingo, which continued to remain a social issue well into the mid-19th-century.

## History

As with previous slave leaders, such as Diego del Ocampo, Sebastián Lemba, and Diego Vaquero, the fight against slavery had been planted in the minds of Santo Domingo's slaves. Motivated by the Haitian Revolution that had been taking place in neighboring Saint-Domingue, the blacks of Boca de Nigua took the slave owners by storm and started a liberation movement in eastern Hispaniola, which is now known as the Dominican Republic. Amid fire and drums, the slave revolt broke out. On October 30, 1796, at the Boca de Nigua Sugar Mill, administered by the Spanish nobleman Juan Bautista de Oyazabal and owned by the Duke of Aranda, the crew of 200 slaves set out to carry out a full-scale rebellion. They proceeded to destroy and burn the agricultural plantations and all the symbols that chained them to the regime: sugarcane fields, houses and all the property of the master. Oyazabal tried to repel the rebellion with the help of some whites, but it proved to no avail. Oyazabal had to go to the city and appeal to the governor of the island, Joaquín García y Moreno, to obtain military aid. With a military force full of sophisticated weapons, cannons, shrapnel and specialized men, they went out against the rebels.
After great battles, the Spanish slave owners managed to disperse the rebels towards the forest and other areas surrounding the sugar mill. Later, with the payment of rewards, an operation was carried out to arrest the rebellious slaves. The goal was to capture the entire rebel crew. They executed the two foremen who were in the sugar mill, one drowned inside a liquor pipe and the other with whippings in return for the daily whipping he brandished on the backs of the black workers. There were casualties on both sides. Of the rebels, 7 were killed and 69 taken prisoner, a situation that paralyzed the triumph of the emancipation of the blacks. A number of whites were killed and wounded. The rebels were sentenced a month later. Some were beheaded, others received one hundred lashes in the public pillory, and others were sentenced to exile to serve sentences in prisons in Panama, Cuba, Colombia and Mexico.
Boca de Nigua has been an event of great significance. This was the cost of the Black Rebellion of Boca de Nigua, which, although it did not immediately achieve its intended objective, weakened the foundations of slavery to the extent that the rebels managed to spread their libertarian ideal throughout all the sugar mills of the time.
# Black Humor (film)

Black Humor (Italian title: Umorismo in nero, lit. Humour in black) is a 1965 black comedy anthology film directed by Claude Autant-Lara, Giancarlo Zagni and José María Forqué.

## Plot

* 1st segment- "The Bug": A peasant woman tormented by a bug in her ear barges into a healer's house. (After a short story by Maupassant) (dir. Autant-Lara)
* 2nd segment- "The Crow": A strange widow comes to enquire about the services of a new marriage agency. (dir. Zagni)
* 3rd segment- "Miss Wilma": In a circus, trapeze artist Wilma is going to get rid of a rival during a 'magic act', performed by an amateur. (dir. Forqué)

## Cast

* Sylvie ... La mère Belhomme – segment 1 'La Bestiole" (as Louise Sylvie)
* Pierre Brasseur ... Le guérisseur – segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Jean Richard ... Polyte – segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Pauline Carton ... La Rapet – segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Paulette Dubost ... segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Robert Arnoux ... segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Jacques Marin ... segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Jean Martinelli ... segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Pierre Repp ... segment 1 'La Bestiole'
* Emma Penella ... Miss Wilma – segment 2 'La Mandrilla – Miss Wilma'
* José Luis López Vázquez... Jacinto – segment 2 'La Mandrilla – Miss Wilma'
* Leo Anchóriz ... Gayton – segment 2 'La Mandrilla – Miss Wilma'
* Madame Parlow ... segment 2 'La Mandrilla – Miss Wilma'
* Agustín González ... segment 2 'La Mandrilla – Miss Wilma'
* Alicia Hermida ... segment 2 'La Mandrilla – Miss Wilma'
* Alida Valli ... la veuve - segment 3 'La Cornacchia'
* Folco Lulli ... le comte Altiero Ripoli - segment 3 'La Cornacchia'
* Maria Cuadra ... Maria - segment 3 'La Cornacchia'

## Reception

"The segment 'The Crow' – which, with its tasteful macabre surrealism, is undoubtedly the best of the anthology film", according to an Italian review of the time, while another contemporary commentator wrote, "The three episodes, different in setting and tone, have in common a certain taste for situations and inventions of macabre comedy. The meticulous environmental and psychological description of the first story (La bestiola) is contrasted by the cumbersomeness of the second episode (La mandrilla), ending with the facile surrealism of the third (La cornacchia).’"
# Electronic apex locator

An electronic apex locator is an electronic device used in endodontics to determine the position of the apical constriction and thus determine the length of the root canal space. The apex of the root has a specific resistance to electrical current, and this is measured using a pair of electrodes typically hooked into the lip and attached to an endodontic file.
The electronic principle is relatively simple and is based on electrical resistance; when a circuit is complete (tissue is contacted by the tip of the file), resistance decreases markedly and current suddenly begins to flow. Various devices signal this event by a beep, a buzz, a flashing light, digital readouts, or a pointer on a dial.

## History and uses

The original electronic apex locators operated on the direct current principle. A problem with these devices was that conductive fluids such as hemorrhage, exudate, or irrigant in the canal would permit current flow and therefore a false reading. Newer devices are impedance-based, using alternating current of two frequencies;these measure and compare two electrical impedances that change as the file moves apically. The benefit is that these devices are much less affected by fluid conductive media in the canal. The impedance type apex locators have been demonstrated to be 80 to 95% accurate in identifying the apical foramen. Therefore after obtaining a reading, 1 to 2 mm is subtracted as the corrected working length.
Electronic apex locators have been shown to be more accurate than radiography when determining the position of the apical foramen. All apex locators have two electrodes, one is connected to an endodontic instrument, the other is connected to the patient's body (on the lip or an electrode in his hand). The electrical circuit is completed, when the instrument is introduced into the root canal in an apical direction, and touches the periodontal tissues.

## Adaptive Apex Locators

Adaptive Apex Locator overcomes as the disadvantages of the popular 4th generation apex locators – low accuracy on working in wet canals, as well the disadvantages of devices from previous generations. Though, fifth generation locators can experience difficulty when working in dry canals and require additional wetting. Adaptive Apex Locator continuously defines humidity of the canal and immediately adapts for dry or wet canal. On this way is possible to be measured as in dry and in additional wetted canals as well, canals with blood or exudates, canals with still not-extirpated pulp.
# Mafizuddin Ahmed

Mafizuddin Ahmed (c. 1921 – 26 September 1997) was a Bangladeshi educationist and scientist. He served as the first vice-chancellor of Jahangirnagar University. He was a founding fellow of the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences.

## Early life and education

He was born in a respectable family in Gangair village under Dhalapara Union, Ghatail, Tangail. Ahmed completed his bachelor's and master's in chemistry from the University of Dhaka in 1942 and 1944, respectively. He earned his Ph.D. degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1948.

## Career

Ahmed joined the Department of Chemistry of the University of Dhaka in 1948 as a senior lecturer. He was also a member of both the Senate and the Syndicate of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET).
Ahmed was appointed the first vice-chancellor of Jahangirnagar University and served during 24 September 1970 – 1 February 1972. In 1987, he headed the National Education Commission (popularly called Mafiz Commission after him). He was also appointed chairman of the BCSIR. After the expiry of his term as the chairman of BCSIR, Ahmed returned to the Department of Chemistry. He was appointed as an emeritus professor of the Department of Chemistry at Dhaka University in 1988 and continued in this position until his death in 1997.
Ahmed was the founder president of the Bangladesh Chemical Society, established in 1972.

## Awards

* Tamgha-e-Pakistan (1966)
* Independence Day Award (1986)
* Bangladesh Chemical Society Gold Medal (1988)
# Ben Underwood (footballer)

Benjamin Riley Underwood (30 September 1901 − 9 March 1958) was an English footballer who played as a left half.
He was born in Alfreton, Derbyshire and began playing with Newton Rangers before joining New Hucknall Colliery. After a brief spell with Sutton Town, Underwood signed for Derby County, but made no first-team appearances, and went on to play League football for Doncaster Rovers, where he made 105 appearances in competitions. He moved to Leeds United, only managing to break into the first team for a few matches, before going on to Coventry City for two seasons.
He married near Derby in 1928 and died in the Bridgnorth area in 1958.