OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Silent Patient

The Silent Patient is a 2019 psychological thriller novel written by British–Cypriot author Alex Michaelides. The successful debut novel was published by Celadon Books, a division of Macmillan Publishers, on 5 February 2019. The audiobook version, released on the same date, is read by Louise Brealey and Jack Hawkins. The story is narrated by an English psychotherapist, Theo Faber, dealing with a patient who turns mute after murdering her husband. Upon its release, the book debuted on The New York Times Best Seller list at No.1. It later won the Goodreads Choice Award 2019 in the Mystery and Thriller category.

## Writing

On writing his debut novel, author Michaelides, who is also a screenwriter, said, "I was feeling very disillusioned as a screenwriter. I kept seeing scripts being mangled in the production and this sense of frustration made me decide to sit down and finally write a novel." He rewrote the draft around 50 times before finalizing it. The Athenian tragedy Alcestis, by Euripides, served as an inspiration for the plot, while its narrative structure was influenced by Agatha Christie's writing.
Michaelides decided to set his novel in a psychiatric unit as he had worked at one such facility for teenagers while he was a psychotherapy student.

## Reception

The novel received generally positive reviews from critics. The Independent lauded the book for its plot, characters and style, writing: "[the book is] vivid enough to warrant devouring it in a day ... the writing is scalpel-sharp and uncluttered, the style spare and concise, uncrowded with extraneous detail." The Guardian concurred, praising its "tight, uncluttered prose" and "skillful building [of] tension until the novel's shocking denouement". Deccan Herald called it "an intelligent plot coupled with an interesting character study, and finally the impactful punch that leaves you flabbergasted." The Washington Post praised the plot as "fresh" but criticised its "hacky horror tropes, trite scenes and comically shifty red herring characters." Another negative review came from Kirkus Reviews, who panned the book as "clumsy, contrived, and silly ... with a twist savvy readers will see coming from a mile away."
# Simala Shrine

The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist, also known as the Our Lady of Lindogon Shrine and commonly known as the Simala Shrine or the Simala Parish Church is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage church dedicated to the Virgin Mary in Sibonga, Cebu, Philippines.

## History

Simala Shrine was built in 1998 by the Marian Monks of Eucharistic Adoration from Pampanga.

## Cultural significance

The Simala Shrine is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage site. The site hosts the image of Our Lady of Lindogon, which is believed to be miraculous by devotees of the Virgin Mary; subsequent to its reported shedding of tears, it was credited with the healing of those who were afflicted with dengue in the area in 1998. The image has since that time reportedly shed tears on four more occasions, the latest being on September 8, 2016.
The image, originally assigned as that of Our Lady of Fatima, was donated to the Marian Monks by Terry Brooks from Pampanga. The construction of the Simala Shrine is also believed to be the realization of a prediction by Ingko Niyong Villamor that the hills of Lindogon, the current site of the shrine, would become "holy" once a "miraculous white lady reign in the place".
# Nurul Islam Talukder

Nurul Islam Talukder (born 1 July 1950) is a Bangladeshi politician and former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Bogra-3 constituency.

## Early life

Talukder was born on 1 July 1950. He has a L.L.B. degree.

## Career

Talukder was elected to the Jatiya Sangsad from Bogra-3 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 2014 and was re-elected in 2018.
# Samuel Hunter (gymnast)

Samuel (Sam) Hunter (born 14 September 1988 in Nottingham, England) is a retired British elite male artistic gymnast. Following his retirement, Hunter was appointed as an elite development coach by British Gymnastics.
Hunter was part of the first Great Britain team ever to win a medal in the men's team event, a silver, at the European Artistic Gymnastics Championships in 2010.

## 2010

In 2010 Sam became the British All-Around champion with national squad teammate Daniel Purvis. At the European Championships in Birmingham, Sam was a valuable part of the British men's team who won the Silver medal in the team competition. This was the first time the men's team had made the team final. The British men's team went on to compete in the 2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Rotterdam where they qualified in 4th and placed 7th in the team final. Sam qualified to the All-Around final where he finished 9th.

## 2011

Sam competed in the AT&T American Cup, with fellow Brit Daniel Purvis.
Sam was chosen to compete for the British team at the European Championships in Berlin. The team did not have a great showing, and Sam did not qualify to any of the finals.
# Bamyan University

34°48′04″N 67°49′58″E﻿ / ﻿34.801115°N 67.832813°E﻿ / 34.801115; 67.832813
Bamyan University (Persian: دانشگاه بامیان, Pashto: دبامیان پوهنتون, established approximately 1994 ) is a public university in Bamyan, central Afghanistan.

## History
### Pre-Taliban

Bamyan University was initiated around 1994 with the support of the Hazara political party Hezb-i-Wahdat. Before the Taliban takeover of the area, there were 400-500 male and female students at Bamyan University, under 40 professors. In the mid-1990s, its facilities were simple, consisting of a few mud huts.

### Taliban era

The university was closed by the Taliban after their capture of the city of Bamyan in September 1998. Two buildings were stripped for scrap, while the third was used as a Taliban barracks and communications center. This third building was destroyed by U.S. airstrikes at the start of the war in Afghanistan in 2001.

### Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Under the American and New Zealand Provincial Reconstruction Teams, the university was refurbished and reopened in 2004 with admission of 97 male and female students; the academic staff was 40 with a majority holding a master's degree. Construction was, at one point, delayed due to the need to clear landmines, leading to student protests. A number of Afghans who had taken refuge in Iran returned to Bamyan; of that group several female intellectuals became lecturers at the university.
# Riffat

Riffat is a Muslim name also sometimes given to Hindus. The meaning of the name Riffat is high, high rank or superiority. Arabic: رفات, Bangla: রিফ্ফাত, Urdu: رافت, Hindi: रिफात. It is not listed in the top 1000 names. People with the name include:

## As a given name

* Riffat Arif, birth name of Sister Zeph (born 1983/84), Pakistani activist
* Riffat Aziz, Pakistani politician
* Riffat Hassan (born 1943), Pakistani-American theologian and a leading Islamic feminist scholar of the Qur'an
* Riffat Akbar Swati (born 1946), former member of the provincial assembly from Mansehra District, in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

## As a surname

* Rashida Riffat, Pakistani politician
* Saffa Riffat (born 1954), president of the World Society of Sustainable Energy Technology
# Daniel Ruge

Daniel Ruge (May 13, 1917 – August 30, 2005) was an American neurosurgeon. He served as Physician to the President under Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1985.

## Early life

Ruge was born in Murdock, Nebraska. He received his undergraduate degree from North Central College in Naperville, Illinois. He studied medicine at Northwestern University, receiving his Doctorate in 1945. Later, he advanced his studies in surgery at Northwestern University, where he began working with Loyal Davis, stepfather of Nancy Reagan.

## Career

Ruge became a professor of surgery at Northwestern University Medical School, and Chief of Staff and Chairman of Neurosurgery at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
In 1976, Ruge relocated to work for the Veterans Administration in Maryland. He was serving with the spinal cord injury service when Reagan appointed him Physician to the President, where he oversaw Reagan's treatment after he was shot.
Ruge resigned after Reagan's first term and called his job "vastly overrated, boring and not medically challenging". Ruge could not attend most state dinners due to lack of space. He nonetheless had to be ready for emergencies, and usually waited alone in his office wearing a tuxedo. Ruge stated that an advantage, however, was that because of the position's prestige "[a] president's physician can ask for anything, and he will get it. No doctor will refuse a request to consult". The White House physician can enter the Oval Office or Executive Residence at any time; Ruge sometimes invited experts visiting Washington to examine the president.
He died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm on August 30, 2005, at age 88, in Denver, Colorado.
# Chacharramendi

Chacharramendi is a village and rural locality (municipality) in the department of Utracán in La Pampa Province in Argentina.
# Houda Rihani

Houda Rihani (born April 28, 1975 in Casablanca) is a Moroccan actress. She started off her career with performances in theatre, before moving on to television roles and eventually to cinema. She is currently based in Montreal, but continues to star in Moroccan television shows and films. She has won multiple national awards for her performances.

## Partial filmography

* 1999 : Elle est diabétique, hypertendue et elle refuse de crever
* 2003 : Khahit errouh
* 2003 : Rahma
* 2003 : Face à face
* 2007 : The Bitter Orange
* 2011 : N8ar Tzad Tfa Dow
* 2011 : Ayadin Khachina
* 2015 : Aïda
# Diwan Kirpa Ram

Diwan Kirpa Ram (d. 1842), the youngest son of Diwan Moti Ram, was a civil administrator and soldier in the Sikh Empire.

## Family

Diwan Kirpa Ram was born into a family with a rich legacy of military and administrative service. His grandfather Dewan Mokham Chand, contributed significantly to the early consolidation of territories that came under the sway of Ranjit Singh. Moti Ram was an honest, well-respected administrator and faithful courtier, who served as the governor of Kashmir for two terms. Diwan Kirpa Ram's brother, Diwan Ram Dayal, was killed in the line of duty while trying to enforce tribute collection from rebellious tribes in Hazara.

## Career

Kirpa Ram managed the Jalandhar doab while his father, Diwan Moti Ram, was serving in Kashmir. In 1823, Diwan Kirpa Ram participated in the Battle of Nowshera against the Barakzai Afghans in the trans-Indus region on the banks of the river Kabul. He was with the advance troops and played a crucial role alongside Hari Singh Nalwa in securing Sikh dominance against Afghan forces, which underscored his strategic capabilities and military prowess.
In 1827, Diwan Kirpa Ram was appointed the Governor of Kashmir, a post he held till 1831. Despite his success, and like his father before him, Kirpa Ram faced political challenges and intrigues within the Maharaja's court, particularly from rivals like Dhian Singh and Gulab Singh Dogra, who had long been eyeing Kashmir. Accusations of embezzlement led to Kirpa Ram's imprisonment.

## Departure

Repeated insults, slights, imprisonment and the imposition of an unjustified exorbitant fine forced Kirpa Ram to apply for permission to join his father in Benares. While Moti Ram obtained permission from Ranjit Singh before he left the Sikh Empire for Benares in May 1833, Kirpa Ram applied but got no answer. Tired of waiting, Diwan Kirpa Ram undertook a pilgrimage to Jwalamukhi and crossed the Satluj into British territory. En route, he was offered a job by the Phulkian rajas whose state he travelled through, but he refused them.
After Kirpa Ram's departure, Ranjit Singh applauded the capability and intelligence of Dewan Mokham Chand, Moti Ram, Ram Dayal and Kirpa Ram in the Durbar. He attempted Moti Ram's return without success. After Ranjit Singh's demise, his inheritors tried to tempt Diwan Kirpa Ram with money and position but failed.
# Harrison Opera House

The Edythe C. and Stanley L. Harrison Opera House, also known as the Harrison Opera House, is the official home of the Virginia Opera in the Neon District of Downtown Norfolk on the border of the Ghent Square neighborhood.
Built as a public works auditorium, this theatre served as a venue for World War II USO shows. The theater was known previously as Norfolk Center Theater. The venue was renovated by architecture firm, GUND Partnership, reopening in 1993 as a dedicated opera facility with a 1,632 seating capacity. The building originally contained both the USO/Center Theater along with the adjoining former Norfolk Municipal Auditorium, which now serves as storage and administrative space for the Virginia Opera.
The opera house is named after Stanley and Edythe Harrison, a former member of the Virginia House of Delegates and founding president of the Virginia Opera.
# New Music Manchester

New Music Manchester refers to a group of English composers and performers who studied at the Royal Manchester College of Music (now the RNCM) and Manchester University in the 1950s. The Manchester School is principally identified with the composers Harrison Birtwistle, Peter Maxwell Davies and Alexander Goehr, and together with the pianist John Ogdon and the conductor and trumpeter Elgar Howarth they formed the group New Music Manchester. Others associated with the group include David Ellis and Rodney Friend. Its members played a significant role in reshaping the landscape of British music in the later 20th century.
# Contramaestre, Cuba

Contramaestre (Spanish for "boatswain") is a Cuban town and municipality in the Santiago de Cuba Province.

## Geography

The municipality is located in the western part of the province, neighboring the provinces of Granma and Holguín; and borders with the municipalities of Jiguaní, Urbano Noris, Palma Soriano and Tercer Frente.
It includes the villages of Altos de Ventas, Anacahuita, America Libre, Baire, El Naranjo, Guaninao, La Maritonia, Laguna Blanca, Los Negros, Los Pasos, Maffo, Palo Seco, Pino de Baire, Pueblo Nuevo and Xavier.

## Demographics

In 2022, municipal population of Contramaestre was of 104,334, of which 44,752 in the town. With a total area of 610 km$^2$ (240 sq mi), it has a population density of 166.9/km$^2$ (432/sq mi). Contramaestre is known as the land of citrus.

## Infrastructure

* Main Hospital: Orlando Pantoja Tamayo (22.July.1988)
* Elementary Schools: Jose de la Luz y Caballero. Semi-internado: Orlando Pantoja T.
* Secondary Schools: Pepito Tey. Rodolfo Rodríguez
* Public Library: Luz Berta Sánchez
# Robert L. Letsinger

Robert Lewis Letsinger (July 31, 1921 – May 26, 2014) was an American biochemist and was a professor of chemistry at Northwestern University. He was best known for his research and development of chemical synthesis of DNA.

## Life

Letsinger earned his B.S. in 1943 his Ph.D. in 1945, both at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1946, he joined the department of chemistry at Northwestern University. He retired from teaching in 1991 as the emeritus Clare Hamilton Hall Professor.

## Work

In the 1960s, Letsinger developed methods for solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides, including the phosphoric triester method and the phosphoramidite synthesis. He thus laid the foundations for efficient automated synthesis of gene fragments and thus the rapid development of molecular biology.
Letsingers later dealt with nanotechnology and its application in DNA diagnostics. In 2000, Letsinger was one of the founders of the biotechnology company Nanosphere Inc.

## Awards

* 1956 Guggenheim Fellow
* 1985 Rosenstiel Award
* 1986 Member of the National Academy of Sciences
* 1988 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 1993 Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award of the American Chemical Society

## Personal life

Letsinger was married to Dorothy Thompson (1922-2010) in 1943. The couple had three children.
# Vines Center

The Vines Convocation Center, also known as simply The Vines Center, is a 9,547-seat multi-purpose arena in Lynchburg, Virginia. It was built in 1990 and was home to the Liberty University Flames (men's) and Lady Flames (women's) basketball teams from its opening until the adjacent Liberty Arena opened in 2020. The Vines Center features three practice courts (1.5 each for men's and women's basketball). It hosted the Big South Conference men's basketball tournament from 1995 to 1998, and also all rounds of the tourney except for the first round in 2003 and 2004. In the fall of 2008 the Vines Center underwent a major renovation of all seating.
In addition to sporting events the Vines Center hosts Liberty's Convocations (mandatory meetings which are held on Wednesdays and Fridays of each week at 10:30 AM; attendance at Convocation is mandatory for all students, except for Convocation selects, which are held on Mondays at a different venue.) and commencement exercises.
The Vines Center was the largest basketball arena in the Big South Conference when Liberty was a member (1991–2018), and before the opening of Liberty Arena was the largest arena to serve as a regular basketball home in Liberty's current league, the ASUN Conference.
In 2020, the Vines Center was replaced as the main home to Flames and Lady Flames basketball and Lady Flames volleyball by the adjacent Liberty Arena. Liberty Arena hosts games and events where the attendance is not expected to exceed 4,000, while the Vines Center will continue to host high-attendance games and events.
* The Vines Center pictured in 2008
* The Vines Center during a Convocation (prior to renovations and upgrades such as the center-hung scoreboard)
* Senator Bernie Sanders speaking to students at Convocation during the 2016 Presidential Election
# Veronica Bekoe

Veronica Ayele Bekoe is a biologist from Ghana. She is known for her impact in the invention of the Veronica bucket used to reduce the spread of communicable diseases.

## Education

Veronica started her basic education at the Government Girls School ( currently Independence Avenue Basic School) in Accra. She attended Aburi Girls SHS for her secondary education. She later furthered her education at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) where she obtained Bachelor of Science in Biological Science/Biology between 1968 – 1972.

## Career

Her career in the Ghana Health Service (GHS) spanned from 1972-2008, working at the Public Health and Reference Laboratory, worked as a prime person for the National AIDS/STI Control Program and also has over 30 years' experience in medical laboratory practice. She has experience in laboratory management, development of training manuals, mentorship, development of guidelines for laboratory diagnostics among others.

## Achievement

Veronica is noted for her invention of the Veronica bucket, a device was invented to curb or reduce the spread of diseases like cholera through handwashing cross-contamination. In 2020, the bucket was widely used in the African continent and the global community to fight the novel pandemic coronavirus disease COVID-19. Her discovery and invention of the veronica bucket was as a result of a problem or gap she identified in her field of work, she noticed that there was a challenge with running water and they had to use a bowl of water in turns to wash their hands after medical work which was very dangerous to their health because everyone had to use the same water until it becomes dirty, seeing the health implications she created a prototype bucket with a tap attached to an aluminium utensils used in selling Hausa koko, popularly known as Akorlaa gyae su which has now become the veronica bucket recognized globally.

## Awards

* She was given an award by Mrs. Rebecca Akufo-Addo for her social innovation in combating infectious diseases using soap under running water.
* She received the covetous order of the Volta individual award for her innovation.
# Sirsa district

Sirsa district is the largest district by area in Haryana state, India. Sirsa is the district headquarters. It is located on National Highway 9 and 250 kilometres (160 mi) from the capital Delhi. On 1 September 1975, Sirsa became a district by taking Sirsa and Dabwali tahsils from Hisar District. There are a total of 342 villages in Sirsa district.

## Economy

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sirsa as one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the two districts in Haryana that used to receive funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census Sirsa district has a population of 1,295,189, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritius or the US state of New Hampshire. This gives it a ranking of 378th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 303 inhabitants per square kilometre (780/sq mi). As of the 2011 census, its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.99%, with a sex ratio of 897 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 70.9%. Scheduled Castes make up 29.91% of the population.

### Religion

Religion in Sirsa district (2011)
Religion
Percent
Hinduism
72.6%
Sikhism
26.2%
Islam
0.7%
Other or not stated
0.5% :
Religion in Sirsa District (1941) :
| Religion | Population (1941)$^{:58}$ | Percentage (1941) |
| Hinduism | 98,161 | 45.78% |
| Islam | 78,048 | 36.4% |
| Sikhism | 36,657 | 17.1% |
| Christianity | 420 | 0.2% |
| Others | 1,118 | 0.52% |
| Total Population | 214,404 | 100% |

### Languages

* Punjabi (41.47%)
* Bagri (31.83%)
* Hindi (21.55%)
* Haryanvi (3.72%)
* Others (1.43%)
Hindi is the official language of the district with its Bagri and Haryanvi languages which are spoken by majority of the population. Punjabi is the additional official language.
| Rank | Language | 1881 | 1961 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| 1 | Punjabi | 27.00% | 29.40% | 35.54% | 33.42% | 41.47% |
| 2 | Hindi | — | 70.50% | 65.34% | 65.94% | 58.03% |
| 3 | Urdu | — | — | 0.02% | 0.07% | 0.47% |
| — | Hindustani | 43.00% | — | — | — | — |
| — | Other | — | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.57% | 1.36% |

## Notable people from Sirsa district

* Barinder Sran - Indian cricketer
* Devi Lal - former Deputy Prime Minister of India, Former Chief Minister of Haryana
* Harpal Singh - Indian Hockey player
* Ganeshi Lal - Governor of Odisha
* Gajendra Verma - singer, composer, lyricist
* Gopal Kanda - businessman and politician, member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly
* Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh - head of Dera Sacha Sauda
* Hari Singh Dilbar - Punjabi language poet
* Jagdish Nehra - former Education and Irrigation Minister
* Jaswinder Brar - Punjabi folk singer
* Maninder Buttar - Punjabi Singer
* Manmohan Singh - Famous Director, cinematographer, singer in Hindi & Punjabi Movies.
* Om Prakash Chautala - former Chief Minister of Haryana
* Rupinder Handa - Punjabi Singer
* Sardara Singh - Former Indian Hockey team Captain
* Satwant Kaur - Bollywood and Punjabi actress
* Savita Punia - National Hockey player
* Sunil Grover - comedian and actor
* Vikram Singh - music producer - composer
# Iodine sulfate

Iodine sulfate is an inorganic compound with the formula I$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$. It appears as light yellow crystals and reacts with water.

## Synthesis

Reaction of diiodosyl sulfate and sulfur trioxide:
    (IO)$_2$SO$_4$ + 2 SO$_3$ → I$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$
Iodine sulfate is also produced when elemental I$_2$ , I$_2$O$_5$ and SO$_3$ react.

## Physical properties

Iodine sulfate forms light yellow hygroscopic crystals.

## Chemical properties

Iodine sulfate is soluble in organic liquids and stable in anhydrous and strongly acidic solvents. In a humid environment, it darkens due to decomposition that releases molecular iodine.