# Lee J. Carter

Lee Jin Carter (born June 2, 1987) is an American former politician who represented the 50th district in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2018 to 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, he defeated Jackson Miller, the Republican House Majority Whip, to win the seat. Born in North Carolina, Carter is an IT specialist and a former U.S. Marine. The first openly socialist state delegate in the United States since 1929, Carter served on the Finance Committee and the Militia, Police and Public Safety Committee. In 2017, he was endorsed by the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), of which he was then a member.
As a Marine, Carter went to Kuwait and the Mediterranean. His unit, the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit, was also one of the first to respond to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. In 2021, Carter ran for governor of Virginia in the 2021 election. He came in fifth of the five candidates in the Democratic primary with less than 3% of the vote, losing to Terry McAuliffe, and also lost the primary for renomination for his House seat.

## Early life and military career

Carter was born June 2, 1987, in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. He was a member of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) from 2006 to 2011, having attended the USMC Staff Noncommissioned Officer Academy. During his time in the U.S. Marine Corps, Carter completed tours in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. His unit, the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit, was also one of the first to respond to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti.
Carter earned an associate of applied science degree from the Northern Virginia Community College in 2017. He worked as an IT specialist before running for office.

## Political career
### 2017 campaign

Carter was inspired to run for office after receiving a shock while repairing a lighting system in the summer of 2015 and subsequently struggling to receive worker's compensation from Virginia while unable to work. Before choosing to run, he had long identified as "to the left of where the Democratic party [is]" but was further inspired by Bernie Sanders to explore democratic socialism.
Carter ran for the Virginia House of Delegates for the 50th district. He was endorsed by the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), of which he has been a member since April 2017. His campaign mostly focused on issues such as single-payer healthcare and financial contributions to politicians. Jackson Miller, the incumbent Republican, distributed a mailer campaign that compared Carter to Communist rulers Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong, an act the Democratic Party of Virginia condemned as fearmongering. Miller called Carter an "anti-jobs candidate", and said his "ideas are so out of the mainstream, and so incredibly expensive". During the campaign, Carter claimed he had little support from the state's Democratic Party, saying their resources were "stretched thin" but that the DSA had "managed to knock on thousands of doors" on his behalf. On November 7, 2017, Carter won the race by nine percentage points. He was one of 15 DSA members elected in 2017.

### 2019 campaign

Carter ran for reelection in the 2019 election, defeating his primary opponent, Manassas city councilman Mark Wolfe, by 57.7% to 42.3% of the vote.
In the general election, Carter defeated Republican Ian Lovejoy, another Manassas city councilman, by 53.3% to 46.5% of the vote. Carter was endorsed by U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders, who campaigned with Carter in Manassas the day before the election.

### 2021 campaigns

On January 1, 2021, Carter announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for governor of Virginia. He also ran for renomination as delegate but had two challengers. Carter lost both the gubernatorial primary and the Democratic primary for delegate, the latter of which was won by attorney Michelle Lopes-Maldonado. After the losses, he announced his retirement from electoral politics and endorsed the Independent candidate Princess Blanding for governor.

### Tenure

During Carter's remarks on a tax bill during the 2018 legislative session, fellow Democratic Delegate Mark Keam briefly displayed the hammer and sickle on a laptop behind Carter, an action for which he later apologized; Keam also apologized for violating Rule 57 in regard to the legislative body's decorum ("No member shall in debate use any language or gesture calculated to wound, offend, or insult another member"). Carter dismissed the affair as "clearly ... a joke, but ... in very poor taste and rooted in a lack of knowledge about the history of the political left."

## Political positions
### Capital punishment

Carter opposes the death penalty under all circumstances, and introduced a bill in the House of Delegates to abolish it in Virginia.

### Criminal justice reform

Carter introduced legislation in the 2020 session that would prohibit Virginia prisons and jails from strip-searching minors before visitation. The bill passed unanimously in subcommittee.

### Guns

Carter supports the right to keep and bear arms, and has opposed proposed assault weapons bans in Virginia as a "terrible idea". He opposes red flag laws, since he believes they result in right-wing extremists abusing the process to disarm their opposition, and has voted against prohibiting guns on the property of the Virginia State Capitol, the only Democrat to do so.

### Healthcare

Carter introduced legislation in the 2020 session that would cap the monthly copay for insulin at $30. The bill passed and was signed into law at a $50 monthly copay cap.

#### Autism

Carter is autistic, and opposes public funding for applied behavior analysis in the treatment of autism, a controversial therapy when used to attempt to treat the condition. He has likened ABA to conversion therapy. Carter said in a statement that "There is zero difference between ABA and punishing deaf kids to make them read lips instead of signing. Which is what institutions used to do to them decades ago." Carter opposes Autism Speaks, and has called the organization a hate group.

### Education

Carter was the only Democrat to vote against a bipartisan bill in 2021 to require schools to provide at least three specialized student support positions. The bill passed and was signed by Governor Ralph Northam.

### Labor

Since taking office, Carter has been an outspoken advocate for workers' rights. In December 2018 he introduced House Bill 1806, which would overturn Virginia's 70-year-old right-to-work law. Of the bill, Carter said, "When workers form a union, everyone in the workplace benefits from higher wages and better conditions. ... Taft–Hartley was created specifically to allow some people to stand opposed to their coworkers' union while still reaping the rewards for free. It was intentionally designed to bankrupt unions, and I'm fighting to end it."
In late 2019, after Carter introduced or supported bills overturning restrictions on the ability of Virginia state employees to strike, he received a wave of death threats on social media, as critics mistook the exception of police officers from the bills for a case of their right to strike being removed. These threats were severe and credible enough that Carter spent the day at an undisclosed safe location on January 20, 2020, the day a gun rights rally was organized at the Virginia State Capitol. This coincided with the declaration of a state of emergency by Northam in response to potential violence at the rally.
In the 2020 session, Carter introduced a bill to address pay disparities for certain categories of workers. One bill would prevent employers from categorizing employees as "tipped employees" if state or federal regulations prohibit those employees from accepting tips. This bill targeted workers at Dulles International Airport and Reagan National Airport, who are classified as tipped employees and are ineligible from receiving minimum wage even though they are prohibited from receiving tips.

### 2020 presidential election

Carter endorsed Bernie Sanders for president in 2020, and co-chaired his Virginia campaign.

## Personal life

Carter has been married and divorced three times. He has a daughter with his second wife. In October 2018, to get ahead of any potential attempts at "personal smears", Carter admitted making "homophobic, transphobic, sometimes sexist or racially insensitive" comments online as a teenager.
On July 2, 2021, Carter's longtime partner Violet Rae announced their engagement on Twitter.
While serving as a Virginia delegate, Carter also worked as a Lyft driver.
Carter is autistic, and has expressed positions belonging to the Autism Rights Movement.
On July 10, 2024, Carter began posting a series of introspective tweets about his gender, and his realization of being gender non-binary. Five days later, Carter announced he was stepping away from public life following allegations of sexual misconduct.

## Electoral history

| Date | Election | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| Virginia House of Delegates, 50th district ||||||
| November 7, 2017 | General | Lee J. Carter | Democratic | 11,366 | 54.32 |
| November 7, 2017 | General | Jackson Miller | Republican | 9,518 | 45.49 |
| June 11, 2019 | Primary | Lee J. Carter | Democratic | 1,441 | 57.73 |
| June 11, 2019 | Primary | Mark Wolfe | Democratic | 1,055 | 42.27 |
| November 5, 2019 | General | Lee J. Carter | Democratic | 10,693 | 53.25 |
| November 5, 2019 | General | Ian T. Lovejoy | Republican | 9,333 | 46.48 |
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Lee J. Carter | Democratic | 1,348 | 38.37 |
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Michelle E. Lopes-Maldonado | Democratic | 1,548 | 44.06 |
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Helen Anne Zurita | Democratic | 617 | 17.56 |
| Governor of Virginia ||||||
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Lee J. Carter | Democratic | 13,525 | 2.8 |
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Terry McAuliffe | Democratic | 303,546 | 62.2 |
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Jennifer Carroll Foy | Democratic | 96,609 | 19.8 |
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Jennifer McClellan | Democratic | 57,325 | 11.7 |
| June 8, 2021 | Primary | Justin Fairfax | Democratic | 17,349 | 3.6 |