# Paul Mazursky

Irwin Lawrence "Paul" Mazursky (/məˈzɜːrski/; April 25, 1930 – June 30, 2014) was an American film director, screenwriter, and actor. Known for his dramatic comedies that often dealt with modern social issues, he was nominated for five Academy Awards for Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), An Unmarried Woman (1978), Harry and Tonto (1974), and Enemies, A Love Story (1989). He is also known for directing the autobiographical Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976), Moscow on the Hudson (1984), Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), Moon over Parador (1988), and Scenes from a Mall (1991).

## Early life and education

He was born into a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jean (née Gerson), a piano player for dance classes, and David Mazursky, a laborer. Mazursky's grandfather was an immigrant from Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic city of Kobrin (modern Belarus). Mazursky graduated from Brooklyn College in 1951.

## Career

Mazursky began his film career as an actor in Stanley Kubrick's first feature, Fear and Desire (1953). Mazurksy, who never liked his first name of Irwin, was asked by his then-girlfriend Betty Purdy what name he wanted to use in the credits for the film, as he had told Kubrick to use her as a go-between when he was busy waiting tables at Sunrise Manor. When on the phone with her, she suggested using Paul for his screen name, which he agreed with. Two years later he appeared in a featured position as one of a classroom of teenagers with issues towards authority in The Blackboard Jungle (1955). His acting career continued for several decades, starting with parts in episodes of television series such as The Twilight Zone and The Rifleman. He also did shows for nightclubs in the late 1950s, including with Herb Hartig in a comedy act named "Igor and H" before breaking up to do a solo act. He applied unsuccessfully to the Actors Studio, but he took classes from Lee Strasberg, having previously studied under Paul Mann and Curt Conway.
Soon after starting his acting career, Mazursky became a writer on The Danny Kaye Show in 1963 with Larry Tucker, who he had met when Tucker went from managing comedians to being in the Los Angeles The Second City troupe. In 1965, they crafted the script for the pilot of The Monkees television series, in which they both also appeared in cameos, although the pilot ended up being their only script for the series. Mazursky's debut as a film screenwriter was the Peter Sellers comedy I Love You, Alice B. Toklas (1968). The original intent was for Tucker to produce and for Mazursky to direct. Peter Sellers, the star of the film, instead picked Hy Averback to direct. The following year, he directed his first film Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969) produced and written by Mazursky and Larry Tucker), which proved to be a major critical and commercial success. The film was the fifth highest grossing of the year and earned Mazursky his first Oscar nomination.
His career behind the camera continued for two decades as he wrote and directed a prolific string of quirky, dramatic and critically popular films. His most successful films were contemporary dramatic comedies, including the Academy Award-winning Harry and Tonto (1974), the Best Picture-nominated An Unmarried Woman (1978), and popular hits such as Moscow on the Hudson (1984) and Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986). In light of his comedies that tackled modern social subjects, The Hollywood Reporter stated that "from the late '60s through the '80s, [he] seemed to channel the zeitgeist..." and Variety stated that "his oeuvre smacks of cultural significance."
Other films made by Mazursky during this time include the Hollywood satire Alex in Wonderland (1970), the cutting Los Angeles relationship comedy Blume in Love (1973), and the semi-autobiographical coming-of-age story Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976). Mazursky played supporting roles in The Other Side of the Wind (1972; finished 2015) and A Star Is Born (1976). He also directed the 1980s New York City-based Jules and Jim homage Willie & Phil (1980), the contemporary Shakespeare comedy Tempest (1982), the Caribbean political farce Moon over Parador (1988), and the acclaimed Isaac Bashevis Singer adaptation Enemies, a Love Story (1989). Late in his life, Mazursky was developing a Broadway musical adaptation of his 1988 film Moon over Parador. He had supporting roles in History of the World Part I (1981), Into the Night (1985), Punchline (1988) and Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills (1989).
Mazursky appeared in supporting roles or cameos in most of his own films. In Moon over Parador (1988), with the Rio Opera House available for only three days of shooting, Mazursky cast himself as a dictator's mother when Judith Malina was unavailable, playing the character in drag. He also acted in 1990s in projects such as Man Trouble (1992), Carlito's Way (1993), Love Affair (1994), 2 Days in the Valley (1996), Miami Rhapsody (1995), Crazy in Alabama (1999), and I Want Someone to Eat Cheese With (2006). He performed the voice of the Psychologist in Antz (1998). He experienced less success in the 1990s directing Scenes from a Mall (1991), starring Woody Allen and Bette Midler.
Following his filmmaking satire The Pickle (1993), which was his last writing credit, Mazursky worked only sporadically as a director on such films as Faithful (1996), Winchell (1998), and Coast to Coast (2003). His final film was the independent documentary Yippee (2006). In later years, Mazursky had a small part as "Sunshine" the poker dealer in The Sopranos. He also appeared in five episodes of season 4 of Curb Your Enthusiasm as Mel Brooks' associate Norm, a role that he later reprised in a season 7 episode. In his autobiography Show Me the Magic (1999), Mazursky recounts his experiences in filmmaking and with several well-known screen personalities including Peter Sellers. He was the subject of the 2011 book Paul on Mazursky by Sam Wasson. Mazursky appeared as himself in a number of documentaries on film, including A Decade Under the Influence, New York at the Movies, and Screenwriters: Words Into Image. From 2011 until his death in 2014, Mazursky served as a film critic for Vanity Fair.

## Legacy

Every film written and directed by Mazursky used New York City or Los Angeles as one of its settings. In 1991 the Los Angeles Times commented that "No filmmaker has been wiser or funnier about the L.A. cavalcade than Mazursky. It's not simply a matter of being hip to the scene; what makes such L.A. movies as Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice and Alex in Wonderland and Blume in Love and Down and Out in Beverly Hills soar is Mazursky's wide-eyed infatuation with the city's rampant pop nuttiness." His films received a total of twelve Academy Award nominations, with one win, and nineteen Golden Globe nominations, with two wins. Film critic Roger Ebert was a particular fan of Mazursky's work, giving six of his films the optimal four stars in his reviews. In 1986, Ebert stated that "Mazursky has a way of making comedies that are more intelligent and relevant than most of the serious films around."

## Personal life

Mazursky was married to librarian and social worker Betsy Mazursky (née Purdy) from 1953 until his death. They had two daughters, Meg and Jill. Mazursky was an atheist.
Mazursky went into cardiopulmonary arrest and died on June 30, 2014, aged 84, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Director | Writer |
| 1969 | Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice | Yes | Yes |
| 1966 | The Monkees | No | Yes |
| 1968 | I Love You, Alice B. Toklas | No | Yes |
| 1970 | Alex in Wonderland | Yes | Yes |
| 1973 | Blume in Love | Yes | Yes |
| 1974 | Harry and Tonto | Yes | Yes |
| 1976 | Next Stop, Greenwich Village | Yes | Yes |
| 1978 | An Unmarried Woman | Yes | Yes |
| 1980 | Willie & Phil | Yes | Yes |
| 1982 | Tempest | Yes | Yes |
| 1984 | Moscow on the Hudson | Yes | Yes |
| 1986 | Down and Out in Beverly Hills | Yes | Yes |
| 1988 | Moon over Parador | Yes | Yes |
| 1989 | Enemies, A Love Story | Yes | Yes |
| 1991 | Scenes from a Mall | Yes | Yes |
| 1993 | The Pickle | Yes | Yes |
| 1996 | Faithful | Yes | No |
| 2006 | Yippee | Yes | No |
Acting credits
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1953 | Fear and Desire | Pvt. Sidney | |
| 1955 | Blackboard Jungle | Emmanuel Stoker | |
| 1965 | Deathwatch | Maurice | |
| 1968 | I Love You, Alice B. Toklas | Hippie on Sidewalk | Uncredited |
| 1969 | Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice | Man Screaming at the Institute | Uncredited |
| 1970 | Alex in Wonderland | Hal Stern | |
| 1972 | The Other Side of the Wind | Paul | finished posthumously in 2018 |
| 1973 | Blume in Love | Kurt Hellman | |
| 1974 | Harry and Tonto | Prostitute | Uncredited |
| 1976 | Next Stop, Greenwich Village | Casting Director | Uncredited |
| 1976 | A Star Is Born | Brian Wexler | |
| 1978 | An Unmarried Woman | Hal | |
| 1979 | A Man, a Woman, and a Bank | Norman Barrie | |
| 1979 | An Almost Perfect Affair | Himself | Uncredited |
| 1981 | History of the World: Part I | Roman Officer | (The Roman Empire) |
| 1982 | Tempest | Terry Bloomfield | Producer |
| 1984 | Moscow on the Hudson | Dave | |
| 1985 | Into the Night | Bud Herman | |
| 1986 | Down and Out in Beverly Hills | Sidney Waxman | |
| 1988 | Moon over Parador | Momma | Credited as Carlotta Gerson |
| 1988 | Punchline | Arnold | |
| 1989 | Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills | Sidney Lipkin | |
| 1989 | Enemies, a Love Story | Leon Tortshiner | |
| 1991 | Scenes from a Mall | Dr. Hans Clava | |
| 1992 | Man Trouble | Lee MacGreevy | |
| 1993 | The Pickle | Butch Levine | |
| 1993 | Carlito's Way | Judge Feinstein | |
| 1994 | Love Affair | Herb Stillman | |
| 1995 | Miami Rhapsody | Vic Marcus | |
| 1996 | Faithful | Mr. Susskind | |
| 1996 | 2 Days in the Valley | Teddy Peppers | |
| 1997 | Touch | Artie | |
| 1998 | Bulworth | Himself | Uncredited |
| 1998 | Why Do Fools Fall in Love | Morris Levy | |
| 1998 | Antz | Psychologist | Voice |
| 1999 | Crazy in Alabama | Walter Schwegmann | |
| 2001 | The Majestic | Studio Executive | Voice |
| 2001 | Big Shot's Funeral | Studio Boss | |
| 2002 | Do It for Uncle Manny | Famous Movie Director | |
| 2006 | I Want Someone to Eat Cheese With | Charlie Perlman | |
| 2006 | Cattle Call | Judge Mandel | |
| 2011 | Kung Fu Panda 2 | Musician Bunny | Voice |
| 2018 | The Other Side of the Wind | Himself | (final film role) |

### Television

TV movies
* Winchell (1998)
* Coast to Coast (2003)
Acting credits
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1966 | The Monkees | T.V. Interviewer | Episode "The Monkees" |
| 1996 | Frasier | Vinnie | Voice, Episode "The Last Time I Saw Maris" |
| 1999–2002 | Once and Again | Phil Brooks | 6 episodes |
| 2000–2001 | The Sopranos | Sunshine | 2 episodes |
| 2003 | Coast to Coast | Stanley Tarto | TV movie |
| 2004–2009 | Curb Your Enthusiasm | Norm | 5 episodes |
| 2011 | Femme Fatales | Warden Jeffries | 2 episodes |

## Awards and honors

Mazursky received five Academy Award nominations, four for his screenplay writing on Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), Harry and Tonto (1974), An Unmarried Woman (1978), and Enemies, a Love Story (1989), and once as producer of An Unmarried Woman (nominated for Best Picture). He was also twice nominated for a Golden Globe and twice for the Cannes Film Festival's Palme d'Or, among many other awards. In 2000, he was the recipient of the Austin Film Festival's Distinguished Screenwriter Award. In 2000, he was awarded the Amicus Poloniae (Latin: "Friend of Poland"), which is a distinction established by the Polish ambassador to the United States and conferred annually on citizens of the United States for special contributions to Polish-American relations. In 2010, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association honored him with an award for Career Achievement. On December 13, 2013, Mazursky was awarded the 2,515th star of the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in front of Musso & Frank Grill. Friends and collaborators Mel Brooks, Richard Dreyfuss, and Jeff Garlin were all present.
On February 1, 2014, at the WGA Awards, Mazursky received the Screen Laurel Award, which is the lifetime achievement award of the Writers Guild of America. Comedian, filmmaker and close friend Mel Brooks presented the award. In May 2014, Mazursky received the Best of Brooklyn Award at his alma mater Brooklyn College's annual gala in New York City. In 2015, Joe Swanberg's film Digging for Fire was dedicated in memory to Mazursky. In 2019, Greg Pritikin dedicated his film The Last Laugh to Mazursky.
| Year | Association | Category | Project | Result |
| 1968 | Writers Guild of America | Best Original Screenplay | I Love You, Alice B. Toklas | Nominated |
| 1969 | Academy Award | Best Original Screenplay | Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice | Nominated |
| 1969 | BAFTA Award | Best Screenplay | Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice | Nominated |
| 1969 | Writers Guild of America Award | Best Original Screenplay | Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice | Won |
| 1969 | National Society of Film Critics | Best Screenplay | Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice | Won |
| 1969 | New York Film Critics Circle | Best Screenplay | Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice | Won |
| 1970 | New York Film Critics Circle | Best Supporting Actor | Alex in Wonderland | Nominated |
| 1973 | Writers Guild of America Award | Best Original Screenplay | Blume in Love | Nominated |
| 1974 | Academy Award | Best Original Screenplay | Harry and Tonto | Nominated |
| 1974 | Writers Guild of America Award | Best Original Screenplay | Harry and Tonto | Nominated |
| 1976 | Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | Next Stop, Greenwich Village | Nominated |
| 1976 | Writers Guild of America Award | Best Original Screenplay | Next Stop, Greenwich Village | Nominated |
| 1978 | Academy Awards | Best Picture | An Unmarried Woman | Nominated |
| 1978 | Academy Awards | Best Original Screenplay | An Unmarried Woman | Nominated |
| 1978 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Director | An Unmarried Woman | Nominated |
| 1978 | Golden Globe Awards | Best Screenplay | An Unmarried Woman | Nominated |
| 1978 | Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | An Unmarried Woman | Nominated |
| 1978 | Directors Guild of America Award | Outstanding Directing - Feature Film | An Unmarried Woman | Nominated |
| 1978 | Writers Guild of America Award | Best Original Screenplay | An Unmarried Woman | Nominated |
| 1978 | National Society of Film Critics | Best Screenplay | An Unmarried Woman | Won |
| 1978 | New York Film Critics Circle | Best Screenplay | An Unmarried Woman | Won |
| 1978 | Los Angeles Film Critics Association | Best Screenplay | An Unmarried Woman | Won |
| 1982 | Venice International Film Festival | Golden Lion | Tempest | Nominated |
| 1982 | Toronto International Film Festival | People's Choice Award | Tempest | Won |
| 1986 | Writers Guild of America Award | Best Adapted Screenplay | Down and Out in Beverly Hills | Nominated |
| 1989 | Academy Award | Best Adapted Screenplay | Enemies, A Love Story | Nominated |
| 1989 | New York Film Critics Circle | Best Director | Enemies, A Love Story | Won |
| 1996 | Berlin International Film Festival | Golden Bear | Faithful | Nominated |