# County Kildare

County Kildare (Irish: Contae Chill Dara) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is named after the town of Kildare. Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 246,977 at the 2022 census.

## Geography and subdivisions

Kildare is the 24th-largest of Ireland's 32 counties in area and the seventh-largest in terms of population. It is the eighth largest of Leinster's twelve counties in size, and the second largest in terms of population. It is bordered by the counties of Carlow, Laois, Meath, Offaly, South Dublin and Wicklow. As an inland county, Kildare is generally a lowland region. The county's highest points are the foothills of the Wicklow Mountains bordering to the east. The highest point in Kildare is Cupidstown Hill on the border with South Dublin, with the better-known Hill of Allen in central Kildare.

### Towns and villages

* Allen
* Allenwood
* Ardclough
* Athy
* Ballitore
* Ballymore Eustace
* Calverstown
* Caragh
* Carbury
* Castledermot
* Celbridge
* Clane
* Coill Dubh
* Curragh
* Derrinturn
* Eadestown
* Johnstown
* Johnstownbridge
* Kilberry
* Kilcock
* Kilcullen
* Kildangan
* Kildare
* Kill
* Kilmead
* Kilmeage
* Kilteel
* Leixlip
* Lullymore
* Maynooth
* Milltown
* Monasterevin
* Moone
* Naas
* Narraghmore
* Newbridge
* Nurney
* Prosperous
* Rathangan
* Robertstown
* Sallins
* Staplestown
* Straffan
* Suncroft
* Timolin
* Two Mile House

### Physical geography

The county has three major rivers running through it: the Barrow, the Liffey and the Boyne. The Grand Canal crosses the county from Lyons on the east to Rathangan and Monasterevin on the west. A southern branch joins the Barrow navigation at Athy. The Royal Canal stretches across the north of the county along the border with Meath. Pollardstown Fen is the largest remaining calcareous fen in Ireland, covering an area of 220 hectares and is recognised as an internationally important fen ecosystem with unique and endangered plant communities, and was declared a National Nature Reserve in 1986.
The Bog of Allen is a large bog measuring 958 km$^2$ (370 sq mi) that extends across County Kildare, County Meath, County Offaly, County Laois, and County Westmeath. Kildare has 243 km$^2$ (94 sq mi) of bog (almost 14% of Kildare's land area) mostly located in the south-west and north-west, a majority of this being Raised Bog. It is a habitat for over 185 plant and animal species.
There are 8,472 hectares (20,930 acres) of forested land in Kildare, accounting for roughly 5% of the county's total land area. 4,056 hectares (10,020 acres) of this is coniferous, while there is 2,963 hectares (7,320 acres) of broadleaf and the remaining area are unclassified species. Coillte and Dúchas currently own 47% of the forestry. Coillte runs Donadea Forest Park which is in North-Central Kildare. The forest covers 259 hectares (640 acres) of mixed woodland (60% broadleaf, 40% conifer) and is the largest forest park in Kildare.

## History

Kildare was shired in 1297 and assumed its present borders in 1832, following amendments to remove a number of enclaves and exclaves.
The county was the home of the powerful Fitzgerald family. Parts of the county were also part of the Pale area around Dublin.

## Governance and politics
### Local government

Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county. The council has 40 members, elected in the local electoral areas of: Athy (5 seats), Celbridge (4 seats), Leixlip (3 seats), Clane (5 seats), Maynooth (5 Seats), Kildare (5 seats), Newbridge (6 Seats) and Naas (7 Seats). These form the municipal districts of Athy, Celbridge–Leixlip, Clane–Maynooth, Kildare–Newbridge, and Naas. The current council was elected in May 2019.
Kildare County Council nominates three councillors to the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly, who are part of the Mid-East strategic planning area committee.

### Former districts

Kildare was formerly divided into the rural districts of Athy No. 1, Celbridge No. 1, Edenderry No. 2, and Naas No. 1, and the urban districts of Athy and Naas. The rural districts were abolished in 1925. Newbridge or Droichead Nua, within the former rural district of Naas No. 1, had town commissioners, and Leixlip was given that status too in 1988. The urban districts of Athy and Naas and the town commissioners of Newbridge and Leixlip became town councils in 2002. All town councils in Ireland were abolished in 2014.

### National elections

For elections to Dáil Éireann, there are two constituencies in the county: Kildare North (4 seats) and Kildare South (4 seats). At the 2020 Irish general election, Kildare North returned Catherine Murphy (SD), Réada Cronin (SF), Bernard Durkan (FG), and James Lawless (FF), while Kildare South returned Sean Ó Fearghaíl (FF) (returned automatically as outgoing Ceann Comhairle), Patricia Ryan (SF), Martin Heydon (FG), and Cathal Berry (Ind).
For elections to the European Parliament, it is part of the Midlands–North-West constituency (4 MEPs).

## Demographics

The county's population has nearly doubled to 186,000 from 1990 to 2005. The northeastern region of Kildare had the highest average per-capita income in Ireland outside County Dublin in 2003. East Kildare's population has increased rapidly, for example, the amount of housing in the Naas suburb of Sallins has increased sixfold since the mid-1990s.
As of 2022 the population of the county was 246,977. Ethnically, the 2016 census recorded County Kildare as 84% white Irish, 9% other white ethnicities, 2% black, 2% Asian, 1% of other ethnicities, and 2% not stated. For religion, the census recorded a population that was 80% Catholic, 9% of other stated religions, 10% with no religion and 2% not stated.

### Ethnic groups

Main immigrant groups, 2016 :
| Nationality | Population |
| United Kingdom | 10,527 |
| Poland | 6,869 |
| Lithuania | 1,550 |
| Romania | 1,156 |
| Nigeria | 1,120 |
| Philippines | 1,088 |
| United States | 1,082 |
| India | 929 |
| Latvia | 845 |
| Moldova | 829 |

### Urban areas and populations

| Town | Population 2016 | Population 2022 |
| Naas | 21,393 | 26,180 (+4,787) |
| Newbridge | 22,742 | 24,366 (+1,624) |
| Celbridge | 20,288 | 20,601 (+313) |
| Maynooth | 14,585 | 17,259 (+2,674) |
| Leixlip | 15,504 | 16,733 (+1,229) |
| Athy | 9,677 | 11,035 (+1,358) |
| Kildare | 8,634 | 10,302 (+1,668) |
| Kilcock | 6,093 | 8,674 (+2,581) |
| Clane | 7,280 | 8,152 (+872) |
| Sallins | 5,849 | 6,269 (+420) |
| Monasterevin | 4,246 | 5,307 (+1,061) |
| Kill | 3,348 | 3,818 (+470) |
| Kilcullen | 3,710 | 3,815 (+105) |

## Health care

County Kildare hospitals include Naas General Hospital and Clane General Hospital.

## Transport
### Road

County Kildare houses the hub of Ireland's network of major roads.
The N4 (M4) from Dublin to Sligo travels along the north of the county by-passing the towns of Leixlip, Maynooth and Kilcock.
The M7 from Dublin to Limerick runs through the county and bypasses the towns of Naas, Newbridge, Kildare and Monasterevin. This road is colloquially referred to as the "Naas Dual carriageway" because when it was originally up-graded in 1964 the road from Dublin to Naas was a double-lane carriageway, one of the first of its kind in Ireland.
The M9 is another motorway that commences at Kilcullen and ends at Waterford. It is motorway standard for its entire length.

### Rail

The county is also served by the trains connecting with Dublin, southern Leinster, Munster and Connacht, with daily connections to Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Galway. The principal Irish Rail InterCity train station in the county is Kildare, however, Newbridge, Sallins and Hazelhatch are also served by South Western Commuter services, while Maynooth, in northern County Kildare, is served by Western Commuter and Sligo InterCity services.

### Waterway

Kildare is the centre of Ireland's Grand Canal network built in the late 18th century. This connects Kildare with Waterford, Dublin, Limerick and Athlone. The Royal Canal runs west from Dublin and parts of it form the boundary with County Meath.

## Irish language

There are 4,491 Irish speakers in County Kildare; 2,451 attending the seven Gaelscoils (Irish language primary schools) and one Gaelcholáiste (Irish language secondary school). According to the Irish Census 2006, 2,040 people in the county identify themselves as being daily Irish speakers outside the education system.

## Education

* Two third-level educational institutions – St. Patrick's College founded by King George III in 1795 to educate Ireland's Catholics and Maynooth University founded in 1997 – are located in Maynooth. They share campus space and many facilities. The two institutions were formally separated in 1997. Maynooth University is the only university in the Republic of Ireland not situated in a city.
* Clongowes Wood College is a private secondary boarding school for boys, located near Clane. Founded by the Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) in 1814, it is one of Ireland's oldest Catholic schools.
* Newbridge College is a co-educational fee-paying secondary school. The Dominican Order founded Newbridge College in 1852 as a boarding school for boys.
* Leinster Senior College is a small private fee-paying secondary school geared solely towards the Leaving Certificate.
* The town of Clane is home to another educational institute, Clane College, a provider of further education to the wider Kildare community.
* Naas C.B.S., Saint Mary's College Naas and Piper's Hill College are the three main secondary schools in Naas.

## Sport
### GAA

The nickname for the Kildare GAA team is the Lilywhites, as a result of its early jerseys being made from the bags of the Lilywhite Bakery. The all-white jerseys they wear are in reference to this.
In 1928, Kildare became the first team to win the Sam Maguire trophy for the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, defeating Cavan 2–6 to 2–5. However, since then Kildare has reached the All-Ireland Football Championship Final on four occasions, the last being in 1998, but has failed on all four attempts.
County Kildare is also known as the Shortgrass County which is a reference to how short the grass is on the commons of the Curragh.

### Golf

The Michael Smurfit owned K Club, situated on the River Liffey near Straffan played host to the 2006 Ryder Cup.
Carton House Golf Club is located in Maynooth. The Golfing Union of Ireland, the longest established golf union in the world, have their national headquarters on the estate. This facility also comprises the GUI National Academy, an 8.9-hectare (22-acre; 89,000-square-metre) teaching facility for up-and-coming golfers, as well as being a facility available to all golfers in Ireland.
Other prominent courses are located at Knockanally and Clane.

### Horse racing

Kildare is famous worldwide for its horse racing. The Curragh horse-racing course is the home to all five Irish Classic Flat races. Also located in County Kildare are two other courses, Punchestown Racecourse, home of the National Hunt Festival of Ireland, and Naas Racecourse, which runs both National Hunt and Flat meetings and is used by top racehorse trainers as a test for horses preparing for the Cheltenham festival.
The county is famous for the quality of horses bred in the many stud farms to which it is home, including the Irish National Stud and many other top studs such as Gilltown, Moyglare and Kildangan Stud, and race horse training establishments, such as the Osborne Stables.

### Motorsports

Kildare is the home to Mondello Park, Ireland's only international motorsport venue. Established by Martin Birrane in 1968 on 45 hectares (110 acres), and redeveloped in 1999/2000, the facility incorporates 3.5 km (2.2 mi) of race track, 24 race garages and 12 Hospitality Suites. The Circuit also has 3 km (1.9 mi) of extreme off-road driving trails and a 2-hectare (5-acre) off-road activities centre and the Museum of Motorsport. Mondello Park was awarded the FIA International race track status in 2001. It is host to National and International Race events, Motor Shows, Car & Bike Track days, Training Schools and Corporate Events.

### Soccer

Kildare County F.C. was a League of Ireland club from 2002 until 2009, based in Newbridge, where Leinster Senior League side Newbridge Town F.C. was invited to join the league in 2002, however, a broader Kildare-based franchise was created instead, playing out of Station Road, Newbridge.

## Places of interest

* Castledermot Abbey
* Castledermot Round Tower
* Castletown House
* Curragh
* Maynooth Castle
* The Wonderful Barn

## Notable people

* Arthur Guinness: Politician and brewer, founder of Guinness
* George Barrington: pickpocket, socialite
* Aisling Bea: Comedian
* Eamon Broy: Policeman
* Domhnall Ua Buachalla: Governor-General of the Irish Free State
* Ambrose Bury: Canadian politician
* Paul Cullen (bishop): Archbishop of Dublin and Archbishop of Armagh
* John Devoy: Fenian
* Charles FitzClarence: soldier
* Lord Edward FitzGerald: revolutionary
* Michael Gorman: American politician
* Gabriel Hayes: sculptor and coin designer
* John Vincent Holland: soldier
* Michael Kelly Lawler: soldier
* Kathleen Lonsdale: scientist
* John de Robeck: admiral
* Ernest Shackleton: explorer
* Barry St. Leger: soldier

### Sports

* Larry Tompkins: Eadestown GAA
* Leighton Aspell: twice Grand National-winning jockey
* Nonpareil Dempsey: boxer
* Matt Goff: Gaelic footballer
* Willoughby Hamilton: tennis player
* Jimmy O'Brien: plays for the Ireland national rugby sevens team
* Ruby Walsh : National Hunt Jockey
* Nathan Collins : Brentford F.C. and Republic of Ireland national football team.
* Mark Travers : Stoke City F.C. and Republic of Ireland national football team
* Andrew Omobamidele : Nottingham Forest F.C. and Republic of Ireland national football team
* Conn McDunphy : Professional Cyclist, 2020 Cycling Ireland National Time Trial Champion.
* Hayley Nolan: Crystal Palace F.C. (Women) and Republic of Ireland women's national football team

### Writers, musicians, and entertainers

* Devon Murray: actor
* Damien Molony: actor
* Aisling Bea: actress, comedian
* Aidan Higgins: writer
* Teresa Brayton: writer
* Molly Keane: novelist
* Emily Lawless: writer
* Mary Leadbeater: writer
* John MacKenna: playwright, author, actor
* Paul Mescal: actor
* Bell X1 are from Celbridge, County Kildare.
* Luka Bloom is from Newbridge
* Joseph Doyle, bassist from Irish band The Frames is from Allenwood
* Graham Hopkins, drummer with The Frames, The Swell Season, and Therapy? is from Clane
* Damien Leith, Australian Idol 2006 winner and singer-songwriter lived in Milltown until he moved to Australia.
* Jack Lukeman, otherwise known as Jack L, is from Athy
* Dónal Lunny was raised in Newbridge.$^{:4}$
* Miracle Bell, Indie-pop band, hail from Naas.
* Christy Moore, folk musician, was born in Newbridge.
* Liam O'Flynn from the band Planxty is from Kill
* Jean Sophia Pigott, Christian poet and hymn lyricist from Leixlip
* Damien Rice was born in Celbridge
* Heidi Talbot is from Kill

## Twinning

County Kildare is twinned with the following places:
* Deauville, France
* Lexington, Kentucky, USA
Both are major centres of the Thoroughbred breeding industry in their respective countries.