# Andrea Horwath

Andrea Lynn Horwath (/ˈhɔːrvæθ/ ; born October 24, 1962) is a Canadian politician who has served as the 58th mayor of Hamilton since 2022. Horwath served as the leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2009 to 2022 and as the leader of the Official Opposition from 2018 to 2022.
Horwath was first elected in 1997, when she won a seat on Hamilton City Council. In 2004, she was elected as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Hamilton Centre, a seat she would hold until 2022. Horwath was elected as the leader Ontario NDP at the party's 2009 leadership convention, and led the party through four provincial elections, before resigning in 2022. She is the first woman to lead the NDP, and the third woman (after Lyn McLeod and Kathleen Wynne) to serve as leader of a party with official party status in Ontario.
During the 2018 provincial election, Horwath led the Ontario NDP to official opposition status after 23 years without government or official opposition status. The results of the 2022 provincial election, after which the Ontario NDP remained the official opposition, led to Horwath announcing her intention to resign as the leader of the Ontario NDP on the night of June 2, 2022. Her resignation took effect on June 28, 2022.
On July 26, 2022, Horwath announced her candidacy for mayor of Hamilton, and resigned her seat in the provincial legislature on August 15, 2022. She was elected mayor on October 24, 2022, and was sworn in on November 15.

## Early life, education and early career

Andrea Lynn Horwath was born and raised in Stoney Creek. She is named after her father Andrew, an ethnic Hungarian who had immigrated to Canada from Slovakia, and worked on the assembly line at the Ford Motor Company plant in Oakville, Ontario. Her mother, Diane, is of French and Irish descent.
Horwath has a Bachelor of Arts degree from McMaster University. While her initial program was in human resources, she was drawn to labour studies. She worked part-time as a waitress to pay her way through university. After graduating, Horwath worked in literacy training, legal-aid advocacy, and "community organization".

## Early political career

In the Canadian federal election of 1997, she was the NDP candidate against incumbent Liberal Stan Keyes in the riding of Hamilton West. Although unsuccessful, her second-place finish was a significant improvement on previous NDP efforts in the riding, and gave her an increased level of prominence in the city.

### City councillor

Later in 1997, she was elected to Hamilton City Council for Ward Two, outpolling two incumbents who had represented the area for more than 20 years. She emerged as a prominent voice for the political left in the city, and was re-elected to council in 2000 and 2003. During her three terms as city councillor, she chaired the solid-waste-management committee and the municipal non-profit housing corporation.

## Provincial politics

Horwath was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in a 2004 by-election in the then-extant provincial riding of Hamilton East, defeating Liberal candidate Ralph Agostino to succeed the deceased Liberal member Dominic Agostino, Ralph's brother. Winning 63.6 per cent of the vote, up from the NDP's 29.4 per cent in that riding six months earlier, her landslide victory boosted the NDP's seat count over the threshold for official party status in the legislature, and helped give the federal New Democratic Party a bounce in Hamilton that would continue into the federal election shortly thereafter.
In the 2007 election, Horwath ran in the new riding of Hamilton Centre, due to redistricting that divided her former Hamilton East riding between Hamilton Centre and the new riding of Hamilton East—Stoney Creek. Horwath's new Hamilton Centre riding included approximately half of her former riding as well as a portion of the former Hamilton West riding where she had run federally in 1997. It also included her entire former city council ward.
In the lead up to the campaign, Horwath was expected to face Hamilton West Liberal incumbent Judy Marsales. However, Marsales opted not to run for another term, and Horwath easily defeated Liberal candidate Steve Ruddick on election day.

### Leader of the Ontario NDP
#### 2009 leadership election

On November 7, 2008, Horwath officially launched her campaign to win the party's leadership. The leadership election was held March 6–8, 2009. Horwath led on the first two ballots, and won on the third ballot with 60.4% of the vote defeating Peter Tabuns, Gilles Bisson and Michael Prue.

#### 2011 election

The 2011 provincial election saw a rise in support for the NDP under Horwath's leadership. The party won more than 20% of the popular vote for the first time since 1995 and almost doubled its seats to elect 17 members of the legislature. The election also resulted in the Liberal government of Dalton McGuinty being reduced to a minority government with the NDP holding the balance of power.
In April 2012, Horwath passed a leadership review at the party's convention with 76% support.

#### 2014 election

On May 4, Horwath announced that the NDP would be voting against the Liberals' proposed budget, triggering a spring election. Following this, Premier Kathleen Wynne formally asked Lieutenant Governor David Onley to dissolve the legislature and call an election for June 12, 2014. In the 2014 provincial election, the NDP was able to maintain its seat count of 21 at dissolution despite the loss of three seats in Toronto, but lost the balance of power when the Liberals took a majority win in the election. Horwath has faced criticism from some party members and progressives for running a populist campaign which they described as right-wing. Despite criticism of her leadership from some quarters, Horwath received a slightly increased level of support, 77%, at the party's post-election convention held on November 15.

#### 2018 election

Horwath ran in her third election as NDP leader against the Liberal government led by Kathleen Wynne and a Progressive Conservative Party led by Doug Ford. Horwath promised to introduce "Canada's first universal Pharmacare plan", highlighted by a universal dental plan and a prescription drug plan that "will initially cover 125 of the most commonly prescribed drugs". She also promised a child care plan in which seventy per cent of Ontario parents "would either have free child care or pay an average of $12 a day in a licensed not-for-profit daycare". Horwath promised to return Hydro One to public ownership by buying back privately held shares. She also said that she would close the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station immediately, while the other party leaders have pledged to keep it open until 2024. The NDP promised to increase corporate tax rates from 11.5 to 12.5 per cent, as well as introducing an income tax increase for those earning over $220,000 per year. Horwath said the province would fund half of the operating cost of municipal transit and indicated that she would not introduce back-to-work legislation. The party's support in public opinion polls increased in May 2018, leading to greater media attention and greater scrutiny. With her party gaining official opposition status, she became the Leader of the Official Opposition during the 42nd Parliament, the second highest number of seats in the party's history. The NDP took all of old Toronto (i.e., what was the city of Toronto before the 1998 creation of the "megacity" of Toronto), as well as all but one seat in Hamilton and all but one seat in Niagara.

#### 2022 election

Horwath and the NDP released their 2022 platform in April 2022. The NDP's campaign focused on increased funding for social programs and government services, which would be paid for through higher taxes on businesses and individuals earning over $200,000 per year. Funding would go toward reducing class sizes, raising welfare payments and disability payments, subsidies for black, indigenous and LGBTQ+ entrepreneurs, hiring more healthcare and education staff and increased wages for public servants. The NDP also proposed to expand COVID-19 vaccine mandates, implement a mixed member proportional electoral system, to close down all privately owned long-term care facilities and to stop the construction of new highway projects. Horwath was re-elected in Hamilton Centre and the NDP won opposition, but it lost 9 seats and placed third in the popular vote. Horwath resigned as leader election night. The election set a record for the lowest voter turnout in an Ontario provincial election, as only 44.06% of the people who were eligible voted. On August 15, 2022, she resigned as the MPP for Hamilton Centre.

## Mayor of Hamilton

Horwath ran as a candidate for the position of Mayor of Hamilton, Ontario in the October 2022 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election. She was elected on October 24, 2022. Horwath is the first woman to be elected mayor in Hamilton's history. Prior to amalgamation, the suburban communities of Stoney Creek and Ancaster had women mayors and former Hamilton Controller, Anne Jones, served as the first regional chair for the Region of Hamilton-Wentworth was also a woman.

### Tenure

Horwath took office as mayor on November 15, 2022. She is one of the highest paid mayors in Canada, earning over $270,000 in 2023.
In September 2024, she moved to make National Day of Truth and Reconciliation a municipal holiday.

#### City finances

In the 2023 budget, city council approved a 5.8% property tax increase, with the housing budget increasing by 30%. Similarly, the 2024 budget increased property taxes by 5.79%.

#### Housing

In April 2023, Hamilton city council declared a state of emergency over opioids, homelessness, and mental health.
In April 2024, following city council's rejection of the plan, Horwath used her strong mayor powers to pass a plan to build affordable housing on a Stoney Creek parking lot. Hamilton’s ethics watchdog later cleared Horwath of wrongdoing in response to a complaint over her role in advancing the plan. The provincial government had previously rewarded Hamilton with $17.5 million for exceeding 2023 housing targets.
In August 2024, she endorsed a previously proposed plan on sanctioned encampments offering tiny homes to unhoused people. The city later banned tents in public parks, and was sued by 14 unhoused residents, citing alleged infringed charter rights. The Ontario Superior Court later ruled in the city's favour in December 2024. The city also approved a plan to build an outdoor shelter on Barton Street, constructed in December 2024.

## Personal life

She lives in Hamilton with her son Julian (born November 1992), who is a rapper. In a March 2011 interview with the Toronto Star, she spoke publicly for the first time about the breakup of her longtime relationship with Julian's father, Hamilton businessman Ben Leonetti. Horwath had met Ben Leonetti in her university years, when she was working part-time as a waitress and he was a jazz musician. The two lived together for 25 years without getting married and split up in 2010.

## Awards

In March 2012, Horwath received the EVE award which is sponsored by Equal Voice, a non-profit organization focused on promoting women in politics. Past recipients have included women from every level of government.

## Electoral record
### Provincial

vte2022 Ontario general election: Hamilton Centre :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Andrea Horwath | 16,690 | 57.26 | −7.99 | $91,582 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Sarah Bokhari | 4,800 | 16.47 | +0.80 | $11,970 |
| | Liberal | Ekaterini Dimakis | 3,799 | 13.03 | +2.15 | $11,923 |
| | Green | Sandy Crawley | 2,554 | 8.76 | +3.02 | $591 |
| | New Blue | John Chroust | 483 | 1.66 | | $0 |
| | Ontario Party | Brad Peace | 451 | 1.55 | | $589 |
| | Communist | Nigel Cheriyan | 225 | 0.77 | +0.41 | $0 |
| | Independent | Nathalie Xian Yi Yan | 145 | 0.50 | | $0 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 29,147 | 99.01 | +0.19 | $108,893 |
| Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots | 291 | 0.99 | –0.19 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 29,438 | 37.94 | –10.97 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 77,781 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | −4.40 |
| Source(s) "Summary of Valid Votes Cast for Each Candidate" (PDF). Elections Ontario. 2022. Archived from the original on May 18, 2023."Statistical Summary by Electoral District" (PDF). Elections Ontario. 2022. Archived from the original on May 21, 2023. |||||||
2018 Ontario general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | New Democratic | Andrea Horwath | 23,866 | 65.25 | +13.24 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Dionne Duncan | 5,730 | 15.67 | +1.28 |
| | Liberal | Deirdre Pike | 3,982 | 10.89 | −12.61 |
| | Green | Jason Lopez | 2,102 | 5.75 | −2.78 |
| | None of the Above | Tony Lemma | 320 | 0.87 | |
| | Libertarian | Robert Young | 285 | 0.78 | |
| | Independent | Maria Anastasiou | 156 | 0.43 | |
| | Communist | Mary Ellen Campbell | 134 | 0.37 | −0.27 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 36,575 | 98.82 | +0.94 |
| Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | 436 | 1.18 | -0.94 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 37,011 | 48.91 | +4.15 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 75,672 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
2014 Ontario general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | New Democratic | Andrea Horwath | 18,697 | 52.01 | -9.32 |
| | Liberal | Donna Tiqui-Shebib | 8,450 | 23.50 | +6.04 |
| | Progressive Conservative | John Vail | 5,173 | 14.39 | +1.22 |
| | Green | Peter Ormond | 3,067 | 8.53 | +4.81 |
| | Freedom | Peter Melanson | 334 | 0.93 | +0.54 |
| | Communist | Bob Mann | 229 | 0.64 | +0.28 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 35,950 | 97.88 | -1.60 |
| Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | 778 | 2.12 | +1.60 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 36,728 | 44.76 | +2.33 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 82,062 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | -7.68 |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
2011 Ontario general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | New Democratic | Andrea Horwath | 20,586 | 61.33 | +16.74 |
| | Liberal | Donna Tiqui-Shebib | 5,861 | 17.46 | -11.12 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Don Sheppard | 4,421 | 13.17 | -1.60 |
| | Green | Peter Ormond | 1,249 | 3.72 | -5.90 |
| | Libertarian | Robert Kuhlmann | 634 | 1.89 | |
| | Independent | Micheal Baldasaro | 268 | 0.80 | |
| | Family Coalition | Steve Passmore | 229 | 0.68 | -0.94 |
| | Freedom | Chris Lawson | 130 | 0.39 | |
| | Communist | Anthony Gracey | 122 | 0.36 | -0.46 |
| | Reform | Robert Szajkowski | 67 | 0.20 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 33,567 | 99.48 | +0.56 |
| Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | 177 | 0.52 | -0.56 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 33,744 | 42.43 | -6.20 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 79,524 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | +13.93 |
| Sources: Elections Ontario The Hamilton Spectator The Hamilton Spectator |||||||
2007 Ontario general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | New Democratic | Andrea Horwath | 17,176 | 44.72 |
| | Liberal | Steve Ruddick | 11,096 | 28.89 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Chris Robertson | 5,673 | 14.77 |
| | Green | Peter Ormond | 3,610 | 9.40 |
| | Family Coalition | Lynne Scime | 550 | 1.43 |
| | Communist | Bob Mann | 302 | 0.79 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 38,407 | 98.92 |
| Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | 415 | 1.08 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,822 | 48.63 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 79,828 |
Hamilton East by-election, 2004 (Death of Dominic Agostino) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| New Democratic | Andrea Horwath | 15,185 | 63.6 | |
| Liberal | Ralph Agostino | 6,362 | 26.6 | |
| Progressive Conservative | Tara Crugnale | 1,772 | 7.4 | |
| Green | Raymond Dartsch | 448 | 1.9 | – |
| Independent | John Turmel | 120 | 0.5 | |

### Municipal

2022 Hamilton Mayoral Election :
| Candidate | Candidate | Popular vote | Popular vote | Popular vote | Expenditures | Expenditures |
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | Expenditures |
| | Andrea Horwath | 59,216 | 41.68 | | |
| | Keanin Loomis | 57,553 | 40.41 | | |
| | Bob Bratina | 17,436 | 12.27 | | |
| | Ejaz Butt | 1,907 | 1.34 | | |
| | Solomon Ikhuiwu | 1,867 | 1.31 | | |
| | Jim Davis | 1,433 | 1.01 | | |
| | Michael Pattison | 1,422 | 1.00 | | |
| | Paul Fromm | 898 | 0.63 | | |
| | Hermiz Ishaya | 326 | 0.23 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | | | | |
| Note: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan. Note: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.) and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. ||||||
| Sources: City of Hamilton, "Nominated Candidates" |||||||
2003 Hamilton Election: Councillor, Ward 2 :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Andrea Horwath (x) | 4,601 | 63.81 |
| James Novak | 1,993 | 27.64 |
| Ronald Berenbaum | 325 | 4.51 |
| Jerry Moore | 291 | 4.04 |
2000 Hamilton Election: Councillor, Ward 2 :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Andrea Horwath (x) | 4,192 | 50.0 |
| Ron Corsini (x) | 3,263 | 39.0 |
| Ed Fisher | 911 | 11.0 |
1997 Hamilton Election: Councillor, Ward 2 :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Andrea Horwath | 3,587 | 28.1 |
| Ron Corsini | 3,364 | 26.4 |
| Vince Agro (x) | 2,097 | 16.4 |
| Bill McCulloch (x) | 2,097 | 16.4 |
| Jason Capobianco | 902 | 7.1 |
| John Kenyon | 512 | 4.0 |
| Jim Savage | 208 | 1.6 |

### Federal

vte1997 Canadian federal election: Hamilton West :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Stan Keyes (x) | 20,951 |
| New Democratic | Andrea Horwath | 7,648 |
| Progressive Conservative | John Findlay | 6,510 |
| Reform | Ken Griffith | 6,285 |
| Natural Law | Brian Rickard | 323 |
| Marxist–Leninist | Wendell Fields | 170 |