# Academic grading in Italy

There are two grading systems used in Italy:
To someone familiar with both the Italian and the U.S. college systems, Italian grades are best translated into American grades (and vice versa) according to the following table:

## Scuola primaria, scuola secondaria di primo e secondo grado

In Italian primary and secondary school a 10-point scale is used, 6 being the minimum grade for passing.
Traditionally in the most prestigious high schools (Liceo Classico, Liceo Scientifico, Liceo Linguistico and Liceo delle Scienze Umane), grades vary within a limited range, between 2 and 8, often with each professor applying his/her own custom. When a professor wants to apply a more precise scale, instead of using the full 1–10 scale (which would have made their scale not comparable with that of other professors) they would often insert a plethora of symbols and decimals: the range between 5 and 6 would then be covered, in sequence, by 5+, 5½ and 6−. Sufficiency starts at 6. The "+" symbol stands for "+0.25" (5+=5.25) and the "-" symbol stands for "-0.25" (6-=5.75). Some professors, however, also use symbols such as 5++, 5/6 and 6--, which have no precise value. There has been a push in recent years to uniform the system to the 0–10 scale. A grade below 6 is considered insufficient, while a grade below 4 is considered to be extremely insufficient.
In high school, if a student, at the end of the year, reports an insufficient grade average in a certain subject (5 or below), he or she has to take a reparatory exam before the next school year begins; if the result of the reparatory exam is again not sufficient, the student cannot pass to the next year and will have to repeat it. A student who, at the end of the year, has more than 3 insufficient subjected will not pass to following class and will have to repeat the year. This is anyway subject to the judgment of professors, who can evaluate what to do according to the case. In general, however, it is rather rare in Italy for students to get a grade below 4. In some regions, such as South Tyrol, teachers are no longer allowed to give grades below 4.
ECTS grading Scale :
| ECTS Grade | % of successful students | Corresponding Italian grades |
| A-A+ | 95%-100% | 9,5-10 |
| A- | 90%-95% | 9-9,5 |
| B+ | 80%-90% | 8-9 |
| C | 60%-80% | 6-8 |
| E | 50%-60% | 5-6 |
| F-Fx | 0%-50% | 1-5 |

## University

For ordinary exams, universities in Italy use a 30-point scale that can be divided into failing (0 to 17) and passing (18 to 30 cum laude) grades. For final assessment of the entire degree, a 110-point scale is used, which is divided into two as well, with 66 being the minimum for a degree to be awarded. The 110-point scale incorporates scores both on course exams and for the final thesis. For outstanding results, lode, "praise" or "cum laude," is added to the maximum grade. 30L means 30 cum laude in Latin, 30 con lode in Italian, and 30 with honors in English. Some Universities in Italy used a 100-point scale instead of 110.
The table is purely indicative: there are significant differences between different universities and above all between bachelor's and master's degrees. The grades received by master's degree students are statistically higher than those received by bachelor's degrees.
Italian grades with corresponding ECTS and United States grading :
| Italian grades | ECTS Grade | ECTS Definition | % of successful students | U.S. Grade | U.S. Definition |
| 26-30, 30 con Lode | A | Excellent | 5% | 30, 30 con Lode: A+ 28-29: A 26-27: A− | Excellent |
| 21-25 | B | Very Good | 10% | 24-25: B+ 22-23: B 21: B- | Good |
| 19-21 | C | Good | 20% | 21: C+ 20: C 19: C- | Satisfactory |
| 18 | D | Satisfactory | 40% | D | Passing |
| 14-17 | Fx | Fail | | E or F | Fail |
| 0-13 | F | Fail | | E or F | Fail |

## Italian grade conversion tables for Erasmus
### Belgium

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Belgium |
| 30 cum laude | over 16 |
| 30 | 15-16 |
| 29 | 14 |
| 28 | 13 |
| 27 | 12 |
| 26 | 11,5 |
| 25 | 11,5 |
| 24 | 11 |
| 23 | 11 |
| 22 | 10,5 |
| 21 | 10,5 |
| 20 | 10,5 |
| 19 | 10,5 |
| 18 | 10 |

### Denmark

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Denmark |
| 30 cum laude | 12 |
| 30 | 12 |
| 29 | 11,9-10 |
| 28 | 11,9-10 |
| 27 | 11,9-10 |
| 26 | 9,9-7 |
| 25 | 9,9-7 |
| 24 | 9,9-7 |
| 23 | 6,9-4 |
| 22 | 6,9-4 |
| 21 | 6,9-4 |
| 20 | 3,9-2 |
| 19 | 3,9-2 |
| 18 | 3,9-2 |

### Finland

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Finland |
| 30 cum laude | 90-100 or 5 |
| 30 | 90-100 or 5 |
| 29 | 80-89 or 4 |
| 28 | 80-89 or 4 |
| 27 | 80-89 or 4 |
| 26 | 70-79 or 3 |
| 25 | 70-79 or 3 |
| 24 | 70-79 or 3 |
| 23 | 60-69 or 2 |
| 22 | 60-69 or 2 |
| 21 | 60-69 or 2 |
| 20 | 50-59 or 1 |
| 19 | 50-59 or 1 |
| 18 | 50-59 or 1 |

### France

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | France |
| 30 cum laude | over 16 |
| 30 | 15-16 |
| 29 | 14 |
| 28 | 13 |
| 27 | 12 |
| 26 | 11,5 |
| 25 | 11,5 |
| 24 | 11 |
| 23 | 11 |
| 22 | 10,5 |
| 21 | 10,5 |
| 20 | 10,5 |
| 19 | 10,5 |
| 18 | 10 |

### Germany

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Germany |
| 30 cum laude | < 1.0 |
| 30 | 1.0 |
| 29 | 1.3 |
| 28 | 1.5 |
| 27 | 1.7 |
| 26 | 2.0 |
| 25 | 2.3 |
| 24 | 2.5 |
| 23 | 2.7 |
| 22 | 3.0 |
| 21 | 3.3 |
| 20 | 3.5 |
| 19 | 3.7 |
| 18 | 4.0 |

### Hungary

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Hungary |
| 30 | 5 |
| 29 | 5 |
| 28 | 5 |
| 27 | 5 |
| 26 | 4 |
| 25 | 4 |
| 24 | 4 |
| 23 | 4 |
| 22 | 3 |
| 21 | 3 |
| 20 | 3 |
| 19 | 2 |
| 18 | 2 |
| 18> | 1 |

### Ireland

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Ireland |
| 30 cum laude | A |
| 30 | A |
| 29 | B+ |
| 28 | B |
| 27 | B- |
| 26 | C+ |
| 25 | C |
| 24 | C- |
| 23 | D+ |
| 22 | D |
| 21 | D |
| 20 | D- |
| 19 | D- |
| 18 | D- |

### Romania

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Romania |
| 30 cum laude | 10 |
| 30 | 9 |
| 29 | 9 |
| 28 | 8 |
| 27 | 8 |
| 26 | 7 |
| 25 | 7 |
| 24 | 6 |
| 23 | 6 |
| 22 | 6 |
| 21 | 5 |
| 20 | 5 |
| 19 | 5 |
| 18 | 5 |

### The Netherlands

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | The Netherlands |
| 30 cum laude | 10+ |
| 30 | 9.3-10 |
| 29 | 9.3-10 |
| 28 | 9.3-10 |
| 27 | 8.3-9 |
| 26 | 8.3-9 |
| 25 | 8.3-9 |
| 24 | 6-8 |
| 23 | 6-8 |
| 22 | 6-8 |
| 21 | 6-8 |
| 20 | 6-8 |
| 19 | 6-8 |
| 18 | 6-8 |

### Portugal

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Portugal |
| 30 cum laude | 19-20 |
| 30 | 17-18 |
| 29 | 14-16 |
| 28 | 14-16 |
| 27 | 14-16 |
| 26 | 12-13 |
| 25 | 12-13 |
| 24 | 12-13 |
| 23 | 10-11 |
| 22 | 10-11 |
| 21 | 10-11 |
| 20 | 10-11 |
| 19 | 10-11 |
| 18 | 10-11 |

### Spain

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | Spain | Spain |
| 30 cum laude | Matricula de honor | 10 |
| 30 | Sobre saliente | 9 |
| 29 | Sobre saliente | 9 |
| 28 | Notable | 8-7 |
| 27 | Notable | 8-7 |
| 26 | Notable | 8-7 |
| 25 | Notable | 8-7 |
| 24 | Notable | 8-7 |
| 23 | Aprobado | 6-5 |
| 22 | Aprobado | 6-5 |
| 21 | Aprobado | 6-5 |
| 20 | Aprobado | 6-5 |
| 19 | Aprobado | 6-5 |
| 18 | Aprobado | 6-5 |

### United Kingdom

Conversion table for Erasmus grades :
| Italy | United Kingdom |
| 30 cum laude | A |
| 30 | A |
| 29 | B1 |
| 28 | B2 |
| 27 | B3 |
| 26 | C1 |
| 25 | C2 |
| 24 | C3 |
| 23 | D1 |
| 22 | D2 |
| 21 | D2 |
| 20 | D3 |
| 19 | D3 |
| 18 | D3 |