# Martin County, Florida

Martin County is a county located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,431. Its county seat is Stuart. Martin County is in the Port St. Lucie, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Martin County was created in 1925 with the northern portion coming from St. Lucie County and southern portion coming from Palm Beach County. It was named for John W. Martin, Governor of Florida from 1925 to 1929.
When the county was created, the western contour followed the shore of Lake Okeechobee, as did the borders of Glades, Okeechobee, and Hendry counties. Palm Beach County had historically claimed all of the surface of the lake as part of its area, to its benefit for the distribution of state and federal highway funds. The state representative of Martin County, William Ralph Scott of Stuart, initiated a bill to divide the lake among its adjacent counties, creating a more equitable distribution of state funds for road creation and maintenance. All bordering counties confirmed the justice of this change and supported its ratification, with the exception of Palm Beach County. Representatives from Palm Beach County later presented Representative Scott with a jug of water, signifying "all the water Bill Scott left Palm Beach County." The jug is in the possession of Stuart Heritage.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 753 square miles (1,950 km$^2$), of which 543 square miles (1,410 km$^2$) is land and (27.8%) is water. It is the fifty-fourth largest county in Florida by land area, and fifty-third largest by total area.

### Adjacent counties

* St. Lucie County – north
* Palm Beach County – south
* Hendry County – southwest
* Glades County – southwest
* Okeechobee County – northwest

### National protected area

* Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge

## Environment
### Martin County Shore Protection Project

According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Martin County Shore Protection Project includes nourishment of approximately 3.75 miles of beach extending from the St. Lucie County line south to the Stuart Public Beach Park in Martin County. Included in the project is restoration of the primary dune and a 35-foot-wide protective berm. The renourishment interval for this project is every 7 years.
The last renourishment of the Martin County Shore Protection Project was completed in May 2013 and included a Flood Control and Coastal Emergency component due impacts incurred with the passage of Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The next renourishment event is scheduled for 2019.
The estimated total cost of this project is $69.9 million, $32.5 million of which is to be paid for by the U.S. Federal Government. In Fiscal Year 2015, no funding was appropriated to the project by the U.S. Congress. In the Fiscal Year 2016 U.S. President's Budget Request to the U.S. Congress, no funding dollars was requested for the project.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Martin County racial composition (Hispanics excluded from racial categories) (NH = Non-Hispanic) :
| Race | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White (NH) | 117,532 | 119,216 | 80.33% | 75.25% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 7,493 | 7,277 | 5.12% | 4.59% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 248 | 218 | 0.17% | 0.14% |
| Asian (NH) | 1,510 | 2,246 | 1.03% | 1.42% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 52 | 42 | 0.04% | 0.03% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 139 | 525 | 0.09% | 0.33% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 1,463 | 4,720 | 1.0% | 2.98% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 17,881 | 24,187 | 12.22% | 15.27% |
| Total | 146,318 | 158,431 | | |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 158,431 people, 65,014 households, and 40,328 families residing in the county.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 126,731 people, 55,288 households, and 36,213 families residing in the county. The population density was 228 per square mile (88/km$^2$). There were 65,471 housing units at an average density of 118 per square mile (46/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 89.88% White, 5.27% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 2.72% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. 7.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
In 2000 there were 55,288 households, out of which 21.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.00% were married couples living together, 7.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.50% were non-families. 29.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.71.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 18.60% under the age of 18, 5.30% from 18 to 24, 22.90% from 25 to 44, 24.90% from 45 to 64, and 28.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $43,083, and the median income for a family was $53,244. Males had a median income of $36,133 versus $27,000 for females. The per capita income for the county was $29,584. About 5.60% of families and 8.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.80% of those under age 18 and 5.20% of those age 65 or over.

## Transportation
### Airports

* Indiantown Airport
* Naked Lady Ranch Airport (private)
* Witham Field

### Major highways

* Interstate 95
* Florida's Turnpike
* U.S. Highway 1
* U.S. Highway 98
* U.S. Highway 441
* State Road A1A
* State Road 76
* County Road 707
* State Road 710
* State Road 714
* State Road 732

### Buses

Martin County Public Transit (MARTY) is the fixed-route public bus service operated by the county.

### Intercity rail

Brightline officially announced that an infill station on the Treasure Coast would be built in Stuart and begin service by 2028.

### Trails

The Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail, a segment of the Florida National Scenic Trail, passes through Martin County.

## Government

Martin County is a non-chartered county and its form of government is prescribed by the Florida Constitution and Florida Statutes, as follows:

### Board of County Commissioners

The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative body of the county and has charge of all county executive and administrative functions, except those assigned by the Constitution to independent county officers or to the independent school district. The board also has some quasi-judicial functions. Some of functions exercised by the board are county-wide, while others are applicable only in the unincorporated areas of the county, where the board has many of the functions of a municipality. The county commissioners are elected by county-wide vote, but each one represents a specific district. The board appoints the county administrator who is responsible to it for the day-to-day operations of the county government.

### Constitutional officers

The elected Constitutional officers are:
* Clerk (Clerk of Courts, County Clerk, etc.)
* Property Appraiser
* Sheriff
* Supervisor of Elections
* Tax Collector

### School district

The independent Martin County School District has a board appointed superintendent of schools and an elected school board, with members listed on the Board Web site. The school board is the legislative body of the district and also exercises quasi-judicial powers. School Board members are elected county-wide but each one represents a specific district.

### Electoral politics

Martin County is a long-standing Republican stronghold, and as of 2024, has not supported a Democrat for the White House since Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1944.
United States presidential election results for Martin County, Florida :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 64,121 | 64.90% | 33,539 | 33.95% | 1,136 | 1.15% |
| 2020 | 61,168 | 61.82% | 36,893 | 37.29% | 881 | 0.89% |
| 2016 | 53,204 | 61.41% | 30,185 | 34.84% | 3,244 | 3.74% |
| 2012 | 48,183 | 60.96% | 30,107 | 38.09% | 747 | 0.95% |
| 2008 | 44,143 | 56.22% | 33,508 | 42.67% | 871 | 1.11% |
| 2004 | 41,362 | 57.09% | 30,208 | 41.69% | 883 | 1.22% |
| 2000 | 33,972 | 54.78% | 26,621 | 42.93% | 1,423 | 2.29% |
| 1996 | 28,522 | 52.18% | 20,855 | 38.16% | 5,279 | 9.66% |
| 1992 | 24,800 | 46.63% | 14,802 | 27.83% | 13,582 | 25.54% |
| 1988 | 31,279 | 72.60% | 11,488 | 26.66% | 316 | 0.73% |
| 1984 | 28,900 | 76.28% | 8,978 | 23.70% | 9 | 0.02% |
| 1980 | 20,521 | 68.05% | 8,087 | 26.82% | 1,546 | 5.13% |
| 1976 | 11,682 | 56.28% | 8,785 | 42.33% | 289 | 1.39% |
| 1972 | 11,296 | 78.83% | 2,946 | 20.56% | 88 | 0.61% |
| 1968 | 5,179 | 50.63% | 2,580 | 25.22% | 2,471 | 24.15% |
| 1964 | 4,292 | 54.24% | 3,621 | 45.76% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 3,701 | 58.15% | 2,664 | 41.85% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 2,997 | 68.36% | 1,387 | 31.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 2,308 | 64.65% | 1,262 | 35.35% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 948 | 44.84% | 815 | 38.55% | 351 | 16.60% |
| 1944 | 530 | 35.57% | 960 | 64.43% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 596 | 36.93% | 1,018 | 63.07% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 327 | 29.59% | 778 | 70.41% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 379 | 31.48% | 825 | 68.52% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1928 | 703 | 58.05% | 474 | 39.14% | 34 | 2.81% |

### Voter registration

According to the Secretary of State's office, Republicans make up a majority of registered voters in Martin County, followed by unaffiliated voters and Democrats.
Martin County Voter Registration & Party Enrollment as of August 31, 2024 :
| Political Party | Political Party | Total Voters | Percentage |
| | Republican | 61,186 | 53.11% |
| | No party affiliation | 25,107 | 21.79% |
| | Democratic | 24,974 | 21.68% |
| | Minor parties | 3,936 | 3.42% |
| Total | Total | 115,203 | 100.00% |

## Libraries

The Martin County Library System has 6 branches.
* Blake Library (Stuart)
* Elisabeth Lahti Library (Indiantown)
* Hobe Sound Public Library (Hobe Sound)
* Hoke Library (Jensen Beach)
* Peter & Julie Cummings Library (Palm City)
* Robert Morgade Library (a location adjoining Indian River State College)

## Attractions

* Audubon of Martin County: Possum Long Nature Center, Palm Beach Road, Stuart
* Elliott Museum on Hutchinson Island
* Jonathan Dickinson State Park in South Martin County
* Martin County Fair held every February.
* Martin County Public Beaches:
** Hobe Sound Public Beach on Jupiter Island
** Jensen Sea Turtle Beach, Stuart Beach and many beach strips on Hutchinson Island.
* Savannas Preserve State Park (extends into St. Lucie County)
* St. Lucie Inlet Preserve State Park on Long Island east of Port Salerno and north of Jupiter Island

## Historic areas

On the National Register of Historic Places:
* Hobe Sound
** Olympia School, 1925
** Trapper Nelson Zoo Historic District, located south of Hobe Sound is inside Jonathan Dickinson State Park in southern Martin County, 1933
* Hutchinson Island
** House of Refuge at Gilbert's Bar, 1876
** Georges Valentine Shipwreck Site, 1904
* Indiantown
** Seminole Inn, 1926
* Jensen Beach
** Mount Elizabeth Archeological Site, prehistoric
** Stuart Welcome Arch, 1926
** Tuckahoe, 1938
* Jupiter Island
** Gate House, 1927
* Stuart
** Burn Brae Plantation-Krueger House, 1894
** Lyric Theatre, 1927
** Old Martin County Courthouse, 1937
Other historic areas listed in 1989 by the Florida Chapter of the American Institute of Architects:
* All Saints Episcopal Church, Waveland, 2377 N.E. Patrician Street, 1898,
* Bay Tree Lodge (Kiplinger House), 143 S. River Road (originally 104 S. Sewall's Point Road), Sewall's Point, 1909
* Dudley-Bessey House, 110 S.W. Atlanta Avenue, Stuart, 1909
* Dyer Homestead, 1006 S.W. St. Lucie Crescent, Stuart, 1904
* Feroe Building, 73 S.W. Flagler Avenue, corner of St. Lucie, Stuart, 1913
* France Apartments, 524 St. Lucie Crescent, Stuart, 1927
* Golden Gate Building, 3225 S.E. Dixie Highway in Golden Gate south of Stuart, 1925
* Kitching House, 210 S.W. Atlanta Avenue, Stuart, 1894
* Stuart Feed Store, 101 S.W. Flagler Avenue, Stuart, 1905
* Sunrise Inn, S.E. Old St. Lucie Boulevard, Port Sewall. ca. 1925 (demolished)
* John E. Taylor House, 204 S.E. Atlanta Avenue, Stuart, 1914
Other places listed in 2012 by the Florida Chapter of the American Institute of Architects in its Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places.
* Beach Road 2, Jupiter Island

## Communities
### City

* Stuart

### Towns

* Jupiter Island
* Ocean Breeze
* Sewall's Point

### Villages

* Indiantown

### Census-designated places

* Hobe Sound
* Jensen Beach
* North River Shores
* Palm City
* Port Salerno
* Rio

### Other unincorporated places

* Hutchinson Island (part)
* Port Mayaca

## Gallery

* The Gazebo on the grounds of the new courthouse complex
* The Old Martin County Courthouse, built in 1937
* Golden Gate Building, built in 1925
* View of St. Lucie River and Stuart from Sewall's Point
* View of St. Lucie Inlet and Sailfish Point
* St. Lucie Locks and Dam