OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crossing Numbers of Graphs

Crossing Numbers of Graphs is a book in mathematics, on the minimum number of edge crossings needed in graph drawings. It was written by Marcus Schaefer, a professor of computer science at DePaul University, and published in 2018 by the CRC Press in their book series Discrete Mathematics and its Applications.

## Topics

The main text of the book has two parts, on the crossing number as traditionally defined and on variations of the crossing number, followed by two appendices providing background material on topological graph theory and computational complexity theory.
After introducing the problem, the first chapter studies the crossing numbers of complete graphs (including Hill's conjectured formula for these numbers) and complete bipartite graphs (Turán's brick factory problem and the Zarankiewicz crossing number conjecture), again giving a conjectured formula). It also includes the crossing number inequality, and the Hanani–Tutte theorem on the parity of crossings. The second chapter concerns other special classes of graphs including graph products (especially products of cycle graphs) and hypercube graphs. After a third chapter relating the crossing number to graph parameters including skewness, bisection width, thickness, and (via the Albertson conjecture) the chromatic number, the final chapter of part I concerns the computational complexity of finding minimum-crossing graph drawings, including the results that the problem is both NP-complete and fixed-parameter tractable.
In the second part of the book, two chapters concern the rectilinear crossing number, describing graph drawings in which the edges must be represented as straight line segments rather than arbitrary curves, and Fáry's theorem that every planar graph can be drawn without crossings in this way. Another chapter concerns 1-planar graphs and the associated local crossing number, the smallest number k such that the graph can be drawn with at most k crossings per edge. Two chapters concern book embeddings and string graphs, and two more chapters concern variations of the crossing number that count crossings in different ways, for instance by the number of pairs of edges that cross or that cross an odd number of times. The final chapter of part II concerns thrackles and the problem of finding drawings with a maximum number of crossings.

## Audience and reception

The book can be used as an advanced textbook, and has exercises provided for that use. However, it assumes that its readers are already familiar with both graph theory and the design and analysis of algorithms. Reviewing the book, L. W. Beineke calls it a "valuable contribution" for its presentation of the many results in this area.
# Nichigen

Buzen Nichigen (豊前日源, before 1263 – 1315) was a disciple of Nichiren who converted along with the rest of the Tendai temple Jisso-ji (實相寺) to Nichiren Buddhism in 1270. Nichiren's letter Jissoji gosho (實相寺御書, 1278) is addressed to him. Later, he joined Nichiren on Mount Minobu, and founded several temples after Nichiren's death.
# Bravely Default: Brilliant Lights

Bravely Default: Brilliant Lights is a role-playing video game by Square Enix for iOS and Android. It is a spinoff in the Bravely Default series. It was released in Japan on January 27, 2022, with no announced plans for release in other regions.

## Gameplay

Bravely Default: Brilliant Lights is a mobile role-playing video game. It plays similarly to the console entries of the Bravely Default series, except for that it is free to play with in-app purchases. The game retains the series' turn based "Brave and Default" battle system, where all actions require units of "BP" to be used, and BP can be saved for a series of attacks at once. Character's from previous games can be encountered in the in-game plaza, and through engaging in conversations, can be recruited to help progress through the game. They are not locked behind gacha gameplay mechanics. While primarily a single player game, multiplayer cooperative battles with other players are also available.

## Story

The game takes place in a fictional setting where a occurrence called "The Blood Sands" is slowly spreading across the world, turning it into a wasteland. The game follows suit of the other Bravely games in focusing on a group of four heroes called the "Warriors of Light" - Claire, Steel, Sandra, and Rufus - as they travel the world with a fairy named Lumina to try to stop it. While all of the aforementioned characters are new to the game, characters from other entries in the Bravely series do make appearances. Tiz, Agnes, Edea, and Ringabel return from the original Bravely Default.

## Development

The game was announced on July 14, 2021, as part of the tenth anniversary celebrations for the release of the original Bravely Default game. It is the following mobile entry in the series after 2017's Bravely Default: Fairy's Effect. Pre-orders and pre-registrations open in November 2021. The game features key staff who had worked on the original Bravely Default game, including a story and setting created by Keiichi Ajiro and character design by Raita Kazama. The soundtrack reuses music composed by Revo and Ryo from the previous games, but the games' producer, Yohei Komtasu, expressed an interest in having Revo and Ryo make new music for major updates in the game. The game was released in Japan on January 27, 2022. To date, no releases in any other regions have been announced. In December 2022, it was announced that service would be ending on February 28, 2023, but that an offline version of the game would be released afterwards.

## Reception

The game has generally performed well, with Square Enix celebrating hitting a number of early registered player count achievements upon release, including hitting 2 million players after a few days of the game's release, 3 million registered players in the game's first week, and 4 million users in under 2 weeks.
# Tsetseg, Khovd

Tsetseg (Mongolian: Цэцэг) is a sum (district) of Khovd Province in western Mongolia. It is 216 km away from the city of Khovd.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into five bags, which are:
* Bayan-Ovoo
* Bayangol
* Khajinga
* Khushuut
* Tsetseg nuur
# Nikō

Minbu Nikō (民部日向, 1253–1314) was a Buddhist disciple of Nichiren. He took over Kuon-ji after Nichiren's death, and can thus be considered one of the founders of Nichiren-shū. He was also put in charge of Mount Minobu after Nikkō left in 1288.
# Park Kyung-hoon (badminton)

Park Kyung-hoon (Korean: 박경훈; born 12 January 1998) is a South Korean male badminton player. In 2017, he helped the Korean national team compete at the 2017 Sudirman Cup and won that tournament.

## Achievements
### BWF World Junior Championships

Mixed doubles
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2014 | Stadium Sultan Abdul Halim, Alor Setar, Malaysia | Park Keun-hye | Muhammad Rian Ardianto Rosyita Eka Putri Sari | 13–21, 13–21 | Bronze |
| 2016 | Bilbao Arena, Bilbao, Spain | Kim Hye-jeong | Zhou Haodong Hu Yuxiang | 17–21, 18–21 | Bronze |

### BWF International Challenge/Series (2 titles, 1 runner-up)

Men's doubles
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2019 | Mongolia International | Kim Won-ho | Kang Min-hyuk Kim Jae-hwan | 14–21, 29–27, 21–14 | Winner |
Mixed doubles
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2017 | Osaka International | Kong Hee-yong | Wang Sijie Ni Bowen | 21–18, 16–21, 12–21 | Runner-up |
| 2023 | Thailand International | Kim Yu-jung | Pulung Ramadhan Rinjani Kwinara Nastine | 21–17, 21–11 | Winner |
    BWF International Challenge tournament
    BWF International Series tournament
# Bobby Vitale

Bobby Vitale, (June 30, 1965 – August 29, 2017) also known as "Jerry Forde", was an American pornographic actor of Mexican/ Irish descent. He entered the adult film industry in 1995 and had performed in over 418 titles. His filmography included films directed by John Leslie. Vitale has directed two adult films.

## Personal life

Vitale was married to fellow porn actor Nikki Tyler from 1996 to 1998. He appeared in scenes with her. They subsequently got divorced, and Vitale later became engaged to Briana Banks in 2003, before they split up in 2006.
Vitale was the victim of a car accident in 2004 that left him with a smashed pelvis, crushed urethra and having to use a wheelchair and a colostomy bag temporarily.
Having retired in the mid 2000s, Vitale ran a body shop in Southern California for several years. He claimed to be ready to make a comeback to the porn industry in 2011, but nothing ever came of this.
He died on August 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California, aged 52.

## Awards

* 2000 XRCO Award – Male Performer of the Year
* 2001 AVN Award – Best Couples Sex Scene (Film) – Facade (with Sydnee Steele)
# Raju Baruah

Raju Baruah (Assamese: (ৰাজু বৰুৱা) (real name Hitesh Kalita), alias Anees Ahmed, is the Deputy Commander-in-Chief, the Chief of military operations, military spokesperson and the head of the near-autonomous 'Enigma Force' of the banned outfit ULFA in Assam. When the outfit's Commander-in-Chief Paresh Baruah was said to be critically ill, Raju Baruah was reportedly assumed to be the new military head.

## Trouble with C-in-C

ULFA's C-in-C Paresh Baruah has reportedly been speaking to various associates about a confederal agreement with the Government of India if the outfit's General Body approves. Raju Baruah is known to have strongly opposed talks for which a trouble has been brewing between the two. He was also believed to be publicly chastised by the C-in-C. Any decision-making power had been taken away from him and he said to be 'under treatment' - but in fact in quasi-detention - at the Mirpur Military Hospital.

## Death rumour

In December 2000, the Assam Rifles issued a press release in Agartala claiming that Baruah was killed in a gun-battle between two fractions of the outfit in the Chittagong hill tracts in Bangladesh. The next day a person identifying himself as Paresh Baruah called up newspaper offices and broadcasting agencies from an undisclosed location and rubbished the Army's claim and said that it was nothing but a mere propaganda of the Indian government against the outfit's movement and nothing had happened to Raju Baruah.

## Arrest

On 4 December 2009, Baruah with the outfit's chairman Arabinda Rajkhowa along with eight others, surrendered before the Indian authority near the Indo-Bangladesh border in Meghalaya. They were said to be taken into custody by the Border Security Force the moment they had crossed the border near Dawki in Meghalaya's East Khasi Hills.

## Release

After one year of jail custody under Government of Assam, Raju Barua got bail and released on 27 November 2010. Raju Baruah, was accorded a grand welcome by hundreds of his supporters on Saturday when he came out of Guwahati jail on Saturday. Earlier, Baruah was granted bail in two Tada cases and in one CBI case. After being released from jail, Baruah left for his native place Bahjani in Nalbari district under special security cover. His family and friends came to the Guwahati central jail to welcome him. Baruah said he would be involved in solving the Ulfa problem along with others.

## Public reactions & surrender

On 5 December 2009, Baruah along with the outfit's chairman Arabinda Rajkhowa and Rajkhowa's bodyguard Raja Baruah were produced before the chief judicial magistrate, Kamrup. He with Rajkhowa rubbished police's claim that they had surrendered. They emerged as heroes among the crowd for the denial of surrender. They got the biggest boost when public encouraged them not to surrender shouting - "Surrender nokoribaw" (Do not surrender). "Moi surrender kora nai aru surrender nokoruw (I have not surrendered and will never surrender)", said Baruah to the crowd.

## Coming to peace talk

As claimed, Baruah came to lateral talk with the Indian government.
# Peter Costigan

Peter Costigan (21 June 1935 – 5 August 2002) was an Australian journalist and Lord Mayor of Melbourne from 1999 to 2001.

## Early years

Costigan grew up in Preston, a suburb of Melbourne and was educated by the Jesuits at St Patricks College, East Melbourne. He completed his tertiary education at the University of Melbourne.

## Political career

Costigan unsuccessfully contested the 1996 Melbourne City Council election on the "Melbourne First" ticket.
In 1999, he was elected a councillor of the City of Melbourne and subsequently elected lord mayor by fellow Councillors, defeating rival Councillor John So with a majority of 5-to-4 votes.

## Personal life

Costigan was the younger brother of the twins Michael and Frank Costigan.
# Mokuan Reien

Mokuan Reien (黙庵) (died 1345) was a Japanese painter of the late Kamakura and early Muromachi periods who helped bring Zen painting style from China to Japan. Ordained as a priest in Kamakura before 1323, Mokuan journeyed to China about 1327 to perfect his knowledge of Zen. He lived in several different monasteries in southern China and died there about 1345. Since many of the paintings bearing the Mokuan seal also have inscriptions by Chinese Zen masters, it is thought that they were first owned by these men and brought to Japan. Therefore, he is considered one of the major artists to introduce the Chinese style suiboku (ink and wash) to Japan. During his life, Mokuan achieved a significant reputation as an artist to the point he was identified as "a second Mu Qi" one of the greatest Chinese Chan monk painters whose many works are even preserved in Japan.
# Manjira River

The Manjira river is a tributary of the river Godavari. It passes through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana. It originates in the Balaghat range of hills near the Ahmednagar district at an altitude of 823 metres (2,700 ft) and empties into the Godavari River. It has a total catchment area of 30,844 square kilometres (3,084,400 ha). This river is one of the Triveni Sangam.

## Description

The river's origin is near the Gavalwadi village of the Beed district. The river flows from the northern boundaries of the Osmanabad district, cutting across the Latur district, goes to the Bidar district and finally Telangana. It flows on the Balaghat plateau along with its tributaries: Terna, Tawarja and Gharni. The other three tributaries of Manjara are Manyad, Teru and Lendi which flow on the northern plains.
The final stretch of the river forms the border between Maharashtra (west) and Telangana (east). Manjira, along with the Haridra River, merges with Godavari River at the border.

### Tributaries

* Terna River: This is the main tributary of Manjara, which flows on the southern boundary of the Ausa Taluka.
* Manyad: This river has its origin at Dharmapuri, and flows through the Ahmadpur Talukat.
* Lendi: This river has its origin in Udgir Taluka, and flows through the Ahmadpur Taluka, joining the Tiru river in Nanded district.
* Gharni: This river has its origin near Wadval and flows through Chakur Taluka.
* Tawarja: This river has its origin near Murud in Latur Taluka, and joins the Manjara river at Shivani on the Latur-Ausa boundary.

## Environment

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the upper reaches of the Manjira in Maharashtra suffered environmental degradation, which increased runoff, as opposed to groundwater recharge, and increased erosion and silting.
# Bond Aviation Group

Bond Aviation Group was a British helicopter operator based at Gloucestershire Airport, Staverton. It was purchased by Babcock International in 2014. It incorporated Bond Air Services, now renamed Babcock Mission Critical Services Onshore, and Bond Offshore Helicopters, now renamed Babcock Mission Critical Services Offshore.
Both companies held a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type B Operating Licence, and they were permitted to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with less than 20 seats. Bond mainly operated Eurocopter aircraft.
In October 2022 Peter Bond announced the return of Bond Helicopters in a joint venture with Gama Aviation, planning to commence operations with five AW139 out of Norwich in 2024 for the Anglo-French Oil and Gas company Perenco.

## History

Founded in 1961 under the name of Management Aviation Limited, the company first entered the offshore transport industry in 1974, providing helicopters mainly in support of offshore oil and gas operations. By the late 1990s, Bond operated a fleet of over 200 helicopters. In 1995, the business was merged with Helikopter Service Group of Norway.
The group organisation was formed in 1999 when Bond was acquired from Helikopter Service Group. In 2014, the group's parent company, Avincis, was purchased by the Babcock International Group. All UK operations under the Bond name adopted the Babcock name in 2016.

## Bond Offshore Helicopters

In 2001, Bond Offshore Helicopters was formed at Aberdeen Airport to take advantage of the booming North Sea oil and gas, crew replacement requirement. In 2002, BP awarded Bond Offshore an offshore helicopter transport service contract, worth £120 million, to provide all of their Aberdeen based helicopter support operations.
In addition to the oil and gas industry service contract, Bond also operated a Search & Rescue operation in the North Sea.
The company operated the Eurocopter Super Puma AS332L2, Eurocopter 365N3 Dauphin, Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma II, and AgustaWestland AW139.
In 2013, four helicopter crewmembers were honoured for their role in the rescue of an oil industry vessel in the North Sea that had been struck by a wave during a storm.
In 2016, Bond Offshore Helicopters changed its name to Babcock Mission Critical Services Offshore

## Bond Air Services

Bond Air Services was an operator of air ambulance and police aviation units in the UK. Using mainly Eurocopter EC-135 and MBB Bo 105 helicopters, they operated from 17 bases around the UK and had two headquarters, Staverton and Glasgow City Heliport.
In 2016, Bond Air Services changed its name to Babcock Mission Critical Services Onshore.
# Butylamphetamine

Butylamphetamine (code name PAL-90; also known as N-butylamphetamine or NBA) is a psychostimulant of the substituted amphetamine family which was never marketed.
It is the N-butyl analogue of amphetamine and is approximately 6-fold less potent than amphetamine in rats. The drug has been found to be inactive as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor or releasing agent (IC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration and EC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration > 10,000 nM, respectively). With regard to structure–activity relationships, the potency of N-substituted amphetamine derivatives decreases with increasing chain length in terms of both in vitro and in vivo activity.
Monoamine release of butylamphetamine and related agents (EC$_{50}$Tooltip Half maximal effective concentration, nM) :
| Compound | NETooltip Norepinephrine | DATooltip Dopamine | 5-HTTooltip Serotonin |
| Phenethylamine | 10.9 | 39.5 | >10,000 |
| d-Amphetamine | 6.6–10.2 | 5.8–24.8 | 698–1,765 |
| d-Methamphetamine | 12.3–14.3 | 8.5–40.4 | 736–1,292 |
| Ethylamphetamine | ND | 88.5 | ND |
| d-Ethylamphetamine | 28.8 | 44.1 | 333.0 |
| Propylamphetamine | ND | RI (1,013) | ND |
| Butylamphetamine | ND | IA (>10,000) | ND |
| Notes: The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug releases the neurotransmitter. The assays were done in rat brain synaptosomes and human potencies may be different. See also Monoamine releasing agent § Activity profiles for a larger table with more compounds. Refs: |||||
The pharmacokinetics of butylamphetamine have been studied in humans. It can be metabolized by CYP2D6 via ring hydroxylation similarly to amphetamine. In addition, butylamphetamine can be N-dealkylated into amphetamine (6–9% excreted in urine after 24 hours).
# Baguna

Baguna is a village situated in the Tarikhet block and falls under the Ranikhet tehsil of Almora district, Uttarakhand. It is administered by the Baguna Gram Panchayat. The village spans a total geographical area of 231.95 hectares and is situated 28 km west of Almora, the district headquarters.
# Dilorom Saidaminova

Dilorom Saidaminova (born 27 February 1943) is an Uzbek composer who also worked as a musical editor for the Uzbekistan State TV Company and taught piano at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan.
Saidaminova was born in Tashkent. She studied music at the Uspensky Academic Lyceum in Tashkent and at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan, where she earned a MMus in piano, a MMus in composition, and a DMA in composition. Her postgraduate studies were at the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory. Her teachers included Edison Denisov, Yuri Fortunatov, Abraham Litvinov, and Boris Zeidman. Her son is the violinist Tigran Shiganyan.
From 1967 to 1985 and from 1988 to 1995, Saidaminova taught piano at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan. She worked as a musical editor at the Uzbekistan State TV Company from 1985 to 1988. Saidaminova is a member of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) and the Composers Union in both Uzbekistan and in Russia. Her awards, commissions, and grants include:
Saidaminova has composed over 70 songs, many of them for children, as well as the following works:

## Ballet

* Gorinchii Kamien

## Chamber

* Ascending to LIght (unaccompanied violin)
* Dance of the Rain (chamber orchestra)
* Mirage (folk instruments)
* Shadow of the Woman (cello and chamber orchestra)
* Smell of the NIght (chamber orchestra)
* Sonata No. 2 (violin and piano)
* Where There is No Time (clarinet, violin, piano)

## Orchestra

* Amir Timur (orchestra and solo percussion)
* Concerto for Piano No. 2
* Concerto for Saxophone
* Fanfare
* Holiday Overture
* In Memory of My Friends
* Path to Enlightenment (orchestra and choir)
* Symphonic Poem

## Piano

* Dialog with Khayam
* Two Pieces for Piano
* Walls of Ancient Bukhara

## Vocal

* Azon (choir, organ, piano, violin and narrator)
* Path to Enlightenment (choir and orchestra)
* Saraton (soprano, violin and traditional instruments)
* “Uzbekistan”
* Listen to music by Dilorom Saidaminova
* See an interview with Dilorom Saidaminova