# Columbia County, Wisconsin

Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,490. Its county seat and largest city is Portage. The county was created in 1846 as part of Wisconsin Territory. Columbia County is part of the Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Madison-Janesville-Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 796 square miles (2,060 km$^2$), of which 766 square miles (1,980 km$^2$) is land and 30 square miles (78 km$^2$) (3.8%) is water. The county's highest point is in the Baraboo Range, near Durward's Glen at 1,480 feet above sea level.

### Major highways

* Interstate 39
* Interstate 90
* Interstate 94
* U.S. Highway 51
* U.S. Highway 151
* Highway 13
* Highway 16
* Highway 22
* Highway 23
* Highway 33
* Highway 44
* Highway 60
* Highway 73
* Highway 78
* Highway 89
* Highway 113
* Highway 127
* Highway 146
* Highway 188

### Railroads

* Amtrak
* Wisconsin and Southern Railroad
* Canadian Pacific
* Union Pacific
* Columbus station
* Portage station
* Wisconsin Dells station

### Airports

* 94C - Gilbert Field airport serves the county and surrounding communities.
* C47 - Portage Municipal Airport supports the county.

### Adjacent counties

* Marquette County – north
* Green Lake County – northeast
* Dodge County – east
* Dane County – south
* Sauk County – west
* Juneau County – northwest
* Adams County – northwest

## Demographics
### 2020 census

As of the census of 2020, the population was 58,490. The population density was 76.4 people per square mile (29.5 people/km$^2$). There were 26,565 housing units at an average density of 34.7 units per square mile (13.4 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 91.9% White, 1.5% Black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.5% Native American, 1.3% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 3.7% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 52,468 people, 20,439 households, and 14,164 families residing in the county. The population density was 68 people per square mile (26 people/km$^2$). There were 22,685 housing units at an average density of 29 units per square mile (11 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.18% White, 0.88% Black or African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 1.58% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 46.4% were of German, 10.2% Norwegian, 7.8% Irish, 6.4% English and 5.0% United States or American ancestry.
There were 20,439 households, out of which 32.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 7.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.70% were non-families. 25.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.20% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 29.90% from 25 to 44, 23.40% from 45 to 64, and 14.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.40 males.
In 2017, there were 602 births, giving a general fertility rate of 63.9 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the 35th highest out of all 72 Wisconsin Counties. Additionally, there were 63 reported induced abortions performed on women of Columbia County residence, with a rate of 6.7 abortions per 1000 women aged 15–44, which is above the Wisconsin average rate of 5.2.

## Communities
### Cities

* Columbus (partly in Dodge County)
* Lodi
* Portage (county seat)
* Wisconsin Dells (partly in Adams County, Juneau County, and Sauk County)

### Villages

* Arlington
* Cambria
* Doylestown
* Fall River
* Friesland
* Pardeeville
* Poynette
* Randolph (mostly in Dodge County)
* Rio
* Wyocena

### Towns

* Arlington
* Caledonia
* Columbus
* Courtland
* Dekorra
* Fort Winnebago
* Fountain Prairie
* Hampden
* Leeds
* Lewiston
* Lodi
* Lowville
* Marcellon
* Newport
* Otsego
* Pacific
* Randolph
* Scott
* Springvale
* West Point
* Wyocena

### Census-designated places

* Lake Wisconsin (partial)

### Unincorporated communities

* Anacker
* Belle Fountain
* Dekorra
* Durwards Glen
* East Friesland
* Englewood
* Harmony Grove
* Ingle
* Keyeser
* Leeds
* Leeds Center
* Lewiston
* Lowville
* Marcellon
* North Leeds
* Okee
* Otsego

### Ghost town/neighborhood

* Moe Settlement

## Politics

United States presidential election results for Columbia County, Wisconsin :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 17,988 | 51.52% | 16,388 | 46.94% | 538 | 1.54% |
| 2020 | 16,927 | 49.98% | 16,410 | 48.45% | 532 | 1.57% |
| 2016 | 14,163 | 47.69% | 13,528 | 45.55% | 2,007 | 6.76% |
| 2012 | 13,026 | 42.64% | 17,175 | 56.23% | 345 | 1.13% |
| 2008 | 12,193 | 41.65% | 16,661 | 56.92% | 418 | 1.43% |
| 2004 | 14,956 | 50.60% | 14,300 | 48.38% | 299 | 1.01% |
| 2000 | 11,987 | 46.85% | 12,636 | 49.38% | 964 | 3.77% |
| 1996 | 8,377 | 38.92% | 10,336 | 48.03% | 2,808 | 13.05% |
| 1992 | 9,099 | 37.94% | 9,348 | 38.98% | 5,537 | 23.09% |
| 1988 | 10,475 | 53.09% | 9,132 | 46.28% | 123 | 0.62% |
| 1984 | 11,662 | 58.52% | 8,125 | 40.77% | 140 | 0.70% |
| 1980 | 10,478 | 49.90% | 8,715 | 41.51% | 1,803 | 8.59% |
| 1976 | 10,075 | 50.63% | 9,457 | 47.52% | 368 | 1.85% |
| 1972 | 10,122 | 58.02% | 7,083 | 40.60% | 242 | 1.39% |
| 1968 | 8,633 | 52.60% | 6,698 | 40.81% | 1,083 | 6.60% |
| 1964 | 6,253 | 38.20% | 10,093 | 61.66% | 24 | 0.15% |
| 1960 | 10,282 | 60.94% | 6,576 | 38.97% | 15 | 0.09% |
| 1956 | 10,120 | 66.01% | 5,158 | 33.65% | 52 | 0.34% |
| 1952 | 11,133 | 67.78% | 5,272 | 32.10% | 20 | 0.12% |
| 1948 | 6,406 | 52.64% | 5,615 | 46.14% | 148 | 1.22% |
| 1944 | 7,867 | 56.50% | 5,997 | 43.07% | 60 | 0.43% |
| 1940 | 8,260 | 53.68% | 7,021 | 45.63% | 106 | 0.69% |
| 1936 | 5,607 | 37.25% | 8,936 | 59.36% | 511 | 3.39% |
| 1932 | 4,970 | 36.43% | 8,455 | 61.98% | 216 | 1.58% |
| 1928 | 7,615 | 60.70% | 4,819 | 38.41% | 111 | 0.88% |
| 1924 | 4,724 | 40.41% | 907 | 7.76% | 6,059 | 51.83% |
| 1920 | 7,394 | 83.25% | 1,201 | 13.52% | 287 | 3.23% |
| 1916 | 3,395 | 57.52% | 2,299 | 38.95% | 208 | 3.52% |
| 1912 | 2,463 | 42.55% | 2,473 | 42.73% | 852 | 14.72% |
| 1908 | 4,072 | 60.12% | 2,363 | 34.89% | 338 | 4.99% |
| 1904 | 4,730 | 67.53% | 1,907 | 27.23% | 367 | 5.24% |
| 1900 | 4,763 | 65.71% | 2,181 | 30.09% | 305 | 4.21% |
| 1896 | 4,845 | 63.57% | 2,380 | 31.23% | 397 | 5.21% |
| 1892 | 3,314 | 49.26% | 2,957 | 43.95% | 457 | 6.79% |
For most of its history, Columbia County voters have backed the Republican Party candidate in national elections. Prior to 1992, the only times Republicans failed to win the county in the preceding 100 years of presidential elections were in the midst of a divided party vote in 1912, in 1924 when Wisconsinite Robert La Follette was on the ballot, and in the national Democratic Party landslides of 1932, 1936, & 1964. From 1992 onward, the county has been a swing county, voting for the statewide winner in all presidential elections since then except in 2004 and 2020, and voting for the national winner in all except 2000 and 2020. Republican Donald Trump won narrow pluralities in the county in 2016 and 2020, although a majority of county residents supported Democrat Tammy Baldwin's re-election to the United States Senate in 2018.