# Green Party of Ontario

The Green Party of Ontario (GPO; French: Parti vert de l'Ontario) is a political party in Ontario, Canada. The party is led by Mike Schreiner. Schreiner was elected as MPP for the riding of Guelph in 2018, making him the party's first member of the Ontario Legislative Assembly. In 2023, Aislinn Clancy became the party's second elected member following her win in the Kitchener Centre byelection.
The Greens became an officially registered political party in 1983. It fielded 58 candidates in the 1999 provincial election, becoming the fourth-largest party in the province. In 2003, the party fielded its first nearly full slate, 102 out of 103 candidates, and received 2.8% of the vote. In 2007, the party fielded a full slate of 107 candidates, receiving over 8.0% and nearly 355,000 votes. Subsequently, the party's popularity declined in the 2011 and 2014 elections during tightly contested races between the Progressive Conservatives and ruling Liberals. Its popularity and vote share have increased since, and in the 2022 election, the party received 5.96% of the vote.

## History
### Early years

The Green Party of Ontario became an official political party in 1983 and was registered with Elections Ontario. Shortly thereafter, the party contested its first election, fielding nine candidates who collected a combined 5,300 votes or 0.14%. In the 1987 election the party again ran nine candidates who fared worse, collecting 3,400 votes or 0.09%. In 1990, the party captured a higher result, with 40 candidates capturing 30,400 votes or 0.75%.
The party elected Frank de Jong as its first official leader in 1993. It ran its first election as an organized party in the 1995 provincial election, losing more than half its support and falling to just 14,100 votes or 0.34%.
De Jong led the party through three election campaigns, gradually building party support to just over 8% in the 2007 provincial election.
The 2003 provincial election saw an increase in vote share for the Ontario Greens. Running 102 out of a possible 103 candidates, the party captured 126,700 votes, or 2.82%. The GPO placed ahead of the Ontario New Democratic Party (ONDP) in two ridings, and took fourth place in 92 others.
Throughout 2006, there was a move toward major constitutional changes in the party. Included in the changes were the formation of a much larger Provincial Executive, which included two gender paritied representatives from each of six regions, gender paritied Deputy Leaders, and the creation of multiple functionary roles separated from the Provincial Executive.
At the Party's 2006 Annual General Meeting (AGM), it adopted further changes to the existing Constitution that, amongst other things, reduced the size of the Provincial Council and renamed it the Provincial Executive. One of the first acts of the new Provincial Executive was to strike a hiring committee to bring on a full-time campaign manager in response to mounting internal pressures to ensure the party was ready for the October 2007 provincial election.
Under de Jong's leadership, the party fielded a full slate of 107 candidates in the 2007 provincial election, receiving over 8.0% and nearly 355,000 votes. In the run-up to election, the Greens' support climbed into the double-digits for the first time in party history.
Although the party did not elect a member to the provincial legislature, it did increase its share of the popular vote to 8.1% (a gain of 5.3% from the 2003 election), placed second in one riding (Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound, with 33.1% compared to the PC incumbent winner's 46.7%), and took third place in a number of other ridings. Shane Jolley, the Green candidate for Bruce-Grey-Owen Sound, earned more votes than any Green candidate in Canadian history at that time.
De Jong announced his resignation as leader on 16 May 2009, at the Green Party of Ontario Annual General Meeting. A leadership and policy convention was held 13–15 November 2009 in London, Ontario.
Following his resignation, de Jong was replaced by Toronto entrepreneur Mike Schreiner, who was the sole candidate in the party's leadership race. The Greens failed to win seats in the subsequent 2011 and 2014 provincial elections, though Schreiner received 19% of the vote in Guelph in 2014.

### 2018: Breakthrough

In the 2018 provincial election, their third election under leader Mike Schreiner, the party ran on a platform of investing in green jobs and clean energy, rolling out a universal basic income,and investing in mental health services. The party ran a full slate of candidates including over 50% women for the first time. Schreiner was excluded from the televised leaders debates, which led to an unsuccessful campaign by Fair Debates to encourage media to reverse the decisions.
In May 2018, a month ahead of that year's general election, the Toronto Star editorial board endorsed Schreiner as the best candidate in Guelph and said that he was "the most forthright leader in the campaign for the 7 June Ontario election." Schreiner was also endorsed by the Guelph Mercury's editorial board in an op-ed, "Mike Schreiner is the candidate most worthy of representing Guelph provincially," citing ten reasons to vote for Schreiner.
Schreiner's campaign proved successful, and he was elected as the first ever Green MPP in Ontario history. He captured 45 per cent of the vote in the Guelph riding, more than doubling the previous percentage and nearly tripling his raw vote numbers.

### 2022–2023: Expanding

Schreiner was re-elected in the 2022 provincial election and was again the only Green candidate elected. The party narrowly lost in Parry Sound—Muskoka, a riding that had been held by the Progressive Conservatives since its establishment in 1999. Green candidate Matt Richter placed second to PC candidate Graydon Smith, losing by just over 2,100 votes.
The party elected its second MPP in 2023. Green candidate and deputy leader Aislinn Clancy was elected in a 2023 by-election in Kitchener Centre, doubling Green representation in the Legislature. Clancy won just under 48% of the vote, solidly beating the ONDP candidate. The seat had previously been in New Democratic hands since 2018.

## Policies

The Green Party of Ontario shares the values identified by the Global Greens: participatory democracy, nonviolence, social justice, sustainability, respect for diversity and ecological wisdom. The party describes itself as socially progressive, environmentally focused and fiscally responsible.
In the lead-up to the 2022 election, the party released policy papers focused on housing, climate change and mental health. Its 2022 platform identified three priorities: a caring society, focussed on improving equitable healthcare, education, and social services; connected communities, focussed on tackling housing affordability by building more infill development, strengthening protections for renters and addressing speculation in the housing market; and new climate economy, focused on achieving net-zero emissions by 2045 by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, growing green jobs and protecting the environment.

### Housing

The party advocates for more permissive zoning laws that allow the construction of missing-middle and midrise housing. It argues that infill development is more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than sprawl development.
Its elected members have also called for more stringent tenants protections and for the province to partner with non-profit and co-operative housing providers to build affordable non-market homes.
The party's housing plan, released in 2021, featured seven strategies to build what the party referred to as "more liveable and affordable communities." They included building more inclusive neighbourhoods through missing middle and midrise development, protecting farmland and other natural land from urban sprawl, building and maintaining a provincial affordable housing supply, ending chronic homelessness, strengthening protections for renters and addressing speculation in the housing market. The Toronto Star editorial board endorsed the plan, referring to it as "an ambitious document that proposes tackling the housing crisis from all vantage points."

### Climate

The Green Party supports phasing out fossil fuels and moving to renewable energy sources. Its platform included a number of measures to increase the affordability and accessibility of electric vehicles, retrofit homes and businesses to increase energy efficiency, and phase out fossil fuels to reach net zero by 2045.
The party is opposed to the construction of new nuclear plants. It has called for an end to the province's offshore wind moratorium in order to increase access to renewable power.
Greens advocate for stronger protections to wetlands and agricultural land. Party leader Mike Schreiner was vocal in opposing the Ford government's plan to allow development on southern Ontario's Greenbelt, which was ultimately reversed in 2023.

### Health

The Greens' healthcare policies are rooted in prevention, including increasing upstream investments in the social determinants of health like social isolation, housing insecurity and poverty, as well as partnering with the federal government to implement universal pharmacare and dental care programs. The party advocates for improving the recruitment, retention and safety of public healthcare workers. It supports a publicly funded, publicly delivered healthcare system and opposes the privatisation of healthcare services.
The party supports a non-profit long-term care system and has called to phase out for-profit long-term care homes while increasing base funding for the sector. In its 2022 platform, the party pledged to build 55,000 long-term care beds by 2033 and at least 96,000 by 2041.
In 2022, the party released a mental health policy paper calling for the expansion of access to mental health and addictions care under OHIP and an immediate base budget increase of 8% to the community mental health sector.

### Education

The party's education platform includes updating Ontario’s funding formula to reflect evolving student needs, including adequate funding for special education and rural and remote schools.
The party supports in-person learning and opposes mandatory e-learning or hybrid learning models. It has called for the elimination of EQAO standardised testing.
In the 2022 provincial election, the party pledged to cap elementary classroom sizes at 24 students for grades four through eight and at 26 students for kindergarten.
At the postsecondary level, the party has called to increase sector funding by indexing the base operating grant for Ontario's postsecondary institutions to the weighted national average.
Its 2022 platform called for the reversal of OSAP funding cuts through the conversion of loans to grants for low- and middle-income students and the elimination of interest charges on student debt.
During the 2007 provincial election, education, and specifically the funding of religious schools, was a central issue. GPO policy calls for an end to the publicly funded Catholic school system, a merger that it claimed would save millions of dollars in duplicate administrative costs.

### Social programs

The Green Party of Ontario believes in modernizing the social safety net to account for present-day challenges. Greens have advocated for the doubling of the Ontario Disability Support Program and Ontario Works.
It has been an advocate for a universal Basic Income for all Ontarians, in order to provide economic security while at the same time cutting red tape and bureaucracy.
The party supports ten-dollar-a-day daycare. In its 2022 platform, it pledged to work with the federal government to ensure continued funding for universal access to ten-dollar-a-day care.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Green party leader Mike Schreiner called for an increase in the number of provincially legislated sick days from three to ten and for a ban on employers requiring sick notes from employees who take time off due to illness.

### Electoral reform

The GPO is a strong supporter of electoral reform. In its 2022 election platform, it called for the creation of a "diverse, randomly selected Citizens Assembly on electoral reform" to provide recommendations on how to modernise the Ontario electoral system to better reflect voters' democratic will.

### Taxation

Greens have historically supported tax relief for small businesses, generally funded by modest increases to the corporate tax rate. They have also proposed road pricing (including tolls, parking levies and land-value taxes near subways) to pay for public transit.
The party has proposed a number of tax measures to reduce speculation in the housing market, including a multi-homes tax on all individuals and corporations owning more than two residential properties, a vacant homes tax and an anti-flipping tax.
The party favours a revenue neutral carbon fee-and-dividend approach to pollution pricing. In its 2022 platform, it proposed to take over federal administration of the carbon pricing system, increasing the price by $25 annually until it reaches $300/tonne and returning all revenues collected from individuals to individuals as dividends.

## Party leaders

| Picture | Name | Term start | Term end | Riding(s) contested as Leader | Notes |
| | Frank de Jong | 1993 | 2009 | General elections By-elections Davenport (2007 – Loss) Burlington (2007) – Loss Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey (2003 – Loss) Parkdale—High Park (2006) – Loss Parkdale—High Park (1999 – Loss) Nepean (1995 – Loss) | First Leader, elected in 1993, and re-elected 2001. Later served as Leader of the Yukon Green Party (2016–2019) |
| | Mike Schreiner | November 2009 | Incumbent | Simcoe—Grey (2011) – Loss Guelph (2014) – Loss Guelph (2018) – Won Guelph (2022) – Won | Elected Leader in 2009, unopposed. First leader to win a seat in the Ontario legislature (2018-present) |

## Elected Greens

* 2018, 2022: Mike Schreiner, elected in Guelph
* 2023 by-election: Aislinn Clancy, elected in Kitchener Centre

## Election results

| Election | Leader | # of seats | Change +/− | # of votes | % of popular vote | Standing | Legislative role | Government |
| 1985 | N/A | 0 / 125 | New Party | 5,345 | 0.14% | New Party | Extra-parliamentary | Progressive Conservative minority defeated in no confidence vote, replaced by Liberal minority |
| 1987 | N/A | 0 / 130 | | 3,398 | 0.1% | | Extra-parliamentary | Liberal majority |
| 1990 | N/A | 0 / 130 | | 30,097 | 0.75% | | Extra-parliamentary | NDP majority |
| 1995 | Frank de Jong | 0 / 130 | | 14,108 | 0.34% | | Extra-parliamentary | Progressive Conservative majority |
| 1999 | Frank de Jong | 0 / 103 | | 30,749 | 0.79% | | Extra-parliamentary | Progressive Conservative majority |
| 2003 | Frank de Jong | 0 / 103 | | 126,651 | 2.82% | | Extra-parliamentary | Liberal majority |
| 2007 | Frank de Jong | 0 / 107 | | 354,897 | 8.02% | | Extra-parliamentary | Liberal majority |
| 2011 | Mike Schreiner | 0 / 107 | | 126,567 | 2.94% | | Extra-parliamentary | Liberal minority |
| 2014 | Mike Schreiner | 0 / 107 | | 233,269 | 4.84% | | Extra-parliamentary | Liberal majority |
| 2018 | Mike Schreiner | 1 / 124 | 1 | 264,094 | 4.64% | 4th | No status | Progressive Conservative majority |
| 2022 | Mike Schreiner | 1 / 124 | | 276,704 | 5.98% | 4th | No status | Progressive Conservative majority |
| 2025 | Mike Schreiner | 2 / 124 | 1 | 242,822 | 4.83% | 4th | No status | Progressive Conservative majority |