OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pteridium esculentum

Pteridium esculentum, commonly known as bracken fern, Austral bracken or simply bracken, is a species of the bracken genus native to a number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Esculentum means edible. First described as Pteris esculenta by German botanist Georg Forster in 1786, it gained its current binomial name in 1908. The Eora people of the Sydney region knew it as gurgi.

## Morphology

P. esculentum grows from creeping rhizomes, which are covered with reddish hair. From them arise single large roughly triangular fronds, which grow to 0.5–2 metres (1 ft 8 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall. The fronds are stiff with a brown stripe.

## Distribution

It is found in all states of Australia apart from the Northern Territory, as well as New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Malaysia, Polynesia, and New Caledonia. Within Victoria it is widespread and common to altitudes of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). In New South Wales, it occurs across central, eastern and southern parts of the state. It can also be weedy and invade disturbed areas. In Western Australia, it grows near the southern and western coastlines, as far north as Geraldton.

## Ecology

Like its northern hemisphere relatives, Pteridium esculentum is very quick to colonise disturbed areas and can outcompete other plants to form a dense understorey. It is often treated as a weed. It does create a more humid sheltered microclimate under its leaves and is food for a variety of native insects. Two species of fruit fly (Drosophila) were recorded in a field study near Sydney. Another study near Sydney yielded 17 herbivorous arthropods (15 insects and two mites), notable for the lack of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies) and beetles.

## Uses

The Māori of New Zealand used the rhizomes of Pteridium esculentum (aruhe) as a staple food, especially for exploring or hunting groups away from permanent settlements; much of the widespread distribution of this species in present-day New Zealand is in fact a consequence of prehistoric deforestation and subsequent tending of aruhe stands on rich soils (which produced the best rhizomes). The rhizomes were air-dried so that they could be stored and became lighter; for consumption, they were briefly heated and then softened with a patu aruhe (rhizome pounder); the starch could then be sucked from the fibers by each diner, or collected if it were to be prepared for a larger feast. Patu aruhe were significant items and several distinct styles were developed.
Indigenous people in Australia ate the roots after they were pounded into a paste and roasted.
Pteridium esculentum contains the known bracken carcinogen ptaquiloside. Concentrations of ptaquiloside in bracken in New Zealand vary greatly, and in a high proportion of stands ptaquiloside is not found. A higher incidence of ptaquiloside, and some very high concentrations, are found in areas where bovine enzootic haematuria and/or acute haemorrhagic syndrome was known to occur.
# Psary, Legnica County

Psary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Legnickie Pole, within Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-west of Legnickie Pole, 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Legnica, and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Edøy Church

Edøy Church (Norwegian: Edøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Smøla Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located at Straumen on the southern coast of the island of Smøla. It is the main church for the Edøy parish which is part of the Ytre Nordmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1885 by the architects Jacob Digre and Johan Digre. The church seats about 365 people.

## History

The church was built in to replace the medieval Old Edøy Church as the main church for old Edøy Municipality. The old church was on the island of Edøya, but this new church was built on the main island of Smøla to be closer to the majority of the parish's population. The church was completed on 21 August 1885 and on 18 September 1885 the church was consecrated. The new wooden long church has a rectangular nave and a smaller, rectangular chancel. There is a small sacristy on the east end of the chancel. In 1942, the entrance on the west end was enlarged.
# James West (runner)

James West (born 30 January 1996) is a British track and field athlete. He is a multiple-time British champion.

## Early life

From Thanet, Kent, he is member of Tonbridge Athletics Club. He attended Loughborough University and the University of Oregon.

## Career

In 2022 West finished as runner-up to Marc Scott in the 5000m at the British national championships, running a 13.44.47 new personal best.
West won the 3000m national title in February 2023. He was selected for the Great Britain squad for the 2023 European Indoor Athletics Championships held at the Ataköy Athletics Arena in Istanbul. He finished eighth in Istanbul, with a time of 7:48.22s.
In July 2023, he won the British 5000m title, at the British National Championships in Manchester in a time of 13:42.03.
On 18 February 2024, he retained his British indoor title over 3000 metres in Birmingham.
In May 2024, he lowered his 5000m personal best to 13:09.07 in Brussels. That month, he was selected to run the 5000 metres for Britain at the 2024 European Athletics Championships in Rome. In June 2024, he won the 5000m at the 2024 British Athletics Championships in Manchester. He ran 4:56.23 for the 2000 metres at the Boris Hanžeković Memorial in Croatia in September to go fifth on the UK 2000m all-time list. It was the fastest time by a British man since 1988.
He finished runner-up over 3000 metres at the 2025 British Indoor Athletics Championships. He was selected for the British team for the 2025 European Athletics Indoor Championships in Apeldoorn.
# Kalindi Commerford

Kalindi Commerford (born 18 November 1994) is an Australian field hockey player.
Commerford was born in Bowral, New South Wales, and made her senior international debut in a test series against New Zealand at the 2016 Trans-Tasman Trophy in Auckland, New Zealand.
She grew up in Milton, New South Wales and played her junior hockey on the south coast of NSW. She started in Nowra with the Ulladulla Jets playing with her brothers. At the age of 11 she began playing with Wollongong University and Jamberoo Hockey Club. She represented South Coast at State Champs.
# Konstantina Trivisa

Konstantina Trivisa is a Greek-American applied mathematician whose research involves nonlinear partial differential equations, fluid dynamics, and the mathematical modeling of flocking. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Maryland, College Park, where she directs the Institute for Physical Science & Technology.

## Education and career

Trivisa graduated from the University of Patras in 1990, and completed her Ph.D. at Brown University in 1996. Her dissertation, A priori estimates in hyperbolic systems of conservation laws via generalized characteristics, was supervised by Constantine Dafermos.
After postdoctoral research at Carnegie Mellon University in the Center for Nonlinear Analysis, and a term at Northwestern University as Ralph Boas Assistant Professor of Mathematics, she joined the University of Maryland in 2000. She was promoted to associate professor in 2004 and full professor in 2007. She was director of the Applied Mathematics & Statistics, and Scientific Computation Program from 2007 to 2018. She added affiliations with the Institute for Physical Science & Technology in 2008 and with the Center for Scientific Computation & Mathematical Modeling in 2017. In 2020, she became director of the Institute for Physical Science & Technology.

## Recognition

Trivisa won a Sloan Research Fellowship in 2001. She was a recipient of the 2003 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, "for applying her expertise in applied partial differential equations to the increased understanding of a wide variety of important physical systems modeled by conservation laws". She was elected to the 2023 Class of SIAM Fellows.
# Baker Bhai

Baker Bhai (Bengali: বাকের ভাই lit. "Brother Bāker") is the lead character in a popular Bangladeshi television series called Kothao Keu Nei. The character is portrayed by Bangladeshi actor Asaduzzaman Noor. The show was created by Humayun Ahmed in 1990.

## Character

Baker (Asaduzzaman Noor) is portrayed as a local gangster who patrols the streets with his two companions, Bodi (Abdul Kader) and Mojnu (Lutfur Rahman George). As the leader of this small motorcycle gang, Baker Bhai skirts the edges of society, living just outside the law and outside of mainstream society. Although a rogue, gangster and rebellious spirit, he is known as a fair and just individual who won't hesitate to step in and correct an injustice or to come to the aid of the defenseless.
During the course of the drama, Baker Bhai endears himself to a woman named Muna (Suborna Mustafa), who initially disrespects him as a common thug, but eventually succumbs to his roguish charms and his sense of justice and develops feelings for him. As the head of a gang, Baker Bhai has to juggle the many competing claims to his turf. This and his readiness to come to the defense of the victimized get him in a series of serious conflicts and dangerous situations. In the end, he is betrayed by one of his own friends and is hanged on a charge of murder despite being innocent. Baker Bhai forgave his betrayer before his execution.

## Reception

The series was so popular in Bangladesh, and the character of Baker Bhai so beloved, that mass street protests took place when it was learned that the character would be sentenced to be hanged. Protesters gathered in the thousands and threatened to retaliate if the television station, Bangladesh Television, didn't reverse this decision. The station, however, didn't change their plans and the series ended with beloved Baker Bhai's death.

## Filmography

* Kothao Keu Nei
# Collingwood Children's Farm

Collingwood Children's Farm is a not-for-profit, inner city working farm situated on the Yarra River in the Melbourne suburb of Abbotsford, Australia. It is located within Wurundjeri/Woiwurrung country. It is adjacent to the Abbotsford Convent, and considered part of the larger Abbotsford Heritage Precinct Farmlands (APHF). The APHF supporting the Collingwood Children's Farm are unique in being the oldest continually farmed land in the state of Victoria. European farming commenced in early 1836, with formal land sales occurring in 1838. Farming on the APHF has continued uninterrupted from its agricultural use by Wurundjeri/Woiwurrung to grow crops such as Murnong (Microseris lanceolata). It is also the oldest children's farm in Australia, established in 1979.
To celebrate the Winter Solstice and as a fundraiser, the farm also holds an annual bonfire event.
The farm has a range of animals including cows, goats, sheep, horses, ducks, pigs, chickens, geese, peacocks and guinea pigs. Nearly all of the animals at the farm are classified as rare breeds.
The farm began in 1979, when a community committee leased a small plot of Crown land next to the Yarra River, used by the farm and community gardeners. Funding has come from various sources over the years and now entrance fees and donations make up the bulk of the farm's income. The farm relies on community effort with staff, volunteers and a young farmers' program working to maintain the farm.
The Yarra River Trail passes through the farm.
# Sharfuddoula

Sharfuddoula Ibne Shahid Saikat (Bengali: শরফুদ্দৌলা ইবনে শহীদ) (born 16 October 1976), also known as Sharfuddoula Saikat, is an international cricket umpire and a former first-class player from Bangladesh. He is the first Bangladeshi umpire to be included in the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires in March 2024. He also officiated in 100 matches in men's international cricket including ICC Men's Cricket World Cup in 2023.

## Early life and playing career

Saikat was a student of Rajshahi University School. He completed his honours and masters in International relations from Dhaka University and later earned an MBA major in Marketing and in Human resource management from AIUB.
In 1994 Sharfuddoula played three matches for Bangladesh at the 1994 ICC Trophy in Kenya. Sharfuddoula also played 10 first-class cricket matches for Dhaka Metropolis in 2000 and 2001.

## Umpiring career

He made his first-class umpiring debut in February 2007 in a match between Barisal Division and Sylhet Division.
In January 2010, he stood in his first ODI match between Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, becoming the tenth Bangladeshi to umpire at international level.
He was one of the match officials for 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier in Zimbabwe. He was one of the twelve on-field umpires for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20. In October 2019, he was appointed as one of the twelve umpires to officiate matches in the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier in the United Arab Emirates. In January 2020, he was named as one of the sixteen umpires for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in South Africa.
In February 2021, he was named as an on-field umpire for both the test matches played between Bangladesh and West Indies, becoming the fifth Bangladeshi umpires to officiate in test matches.
In February 2022, he was named one of the on-field umpires for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup in New Zealand. In January 2023, he was named one of the on-field umpires for the 2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup.
In March 2023, during the 3rd T20I between Bangladesh and Ireland, he became the first Bangladeshi umpire to officiate in 100 men's international matches.
In September 2023, he was named as one of the sixteen match officials for 2023 Cricket World Cup, becoming the first Bangladeshi umpire to be named as one of the umpires for the Men's World Cup. He was selected to stand in 5 matches as an on-field umpire in the World Cup including a group stage match between Australia and New Zealand.
In January 2024, he became the second Bangladeshi umpire, after Enamul Haque Moni, to officiate a Test match as a neutral umpire outside Bangladesh, being named as an on-field umpire for the 2nd Test between Australia and West Indies.
On 28 March 2024, following the International Cricket Council’s annual review and selection process, he became the first Bangladeshi umpire to be included in the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires. He replaced South African umpire Marais Erasmus who retired from umpiring in international cricket in February 2024.
Recently Sharfuddoula's umpiring decision created a massive controversy, which later proved that his decision was correct.
# Suhail Shaheen

Muhammad Suhail Shaheen (Pashto/Dari: محمد سهیل شاهین, Pashto pronunciation:, Dari pronunciation:) is a Taliban member who is currently the head of the Afghan embassy in Qatar and the head of the Political Office in Doha. He edited the English-language, state-owned Afghan newspaper The Kabul Times during the first Taliban regime, before being appointed to Afghanistan's Embassy in Pakistan as a deputy ambassador.
The Taliban-led government appointed him as the Permanent Representative of Afghanistan to the United Nations in September 2021, but the UN rejected his appointment to the post.

## Early life

Suhail was born in the Paktia Province of Afghanistan. He was educated in Pakistan, and he is known to be a prolific writer and fluent speaker of English and Urdu in addition to his native Pashto. Suhail studied at the International Islamic University Islamabad and Kabul University.

## Career

During the period of the Taliban's original Islamic Emirate (1996–2001), Shaheen served as Afghanistan's Deputy Ambassador at the Afghan Embassy in Pakistan. During the later phase of the Taliban's insurgency (2013–2021), he served as one of the Taliban's official spokesmen at their political office in Doha, where he gave many interviews to international media channels.
On 20 September 2021, the Taliban-led government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan nominated him to become Afghanistan's official envoy to the United Nations. Shaheen however would be unable to take over the post unless the United Nations Credentials Committee accepts Shaheen's appointment. The UN has rejected recognizing Shaheen as the official Afghan representative and instead recognizes Muhammad Wali Naeemi, the ambassador of the now-ousted government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
In October 2021, Shaheen rejected American help in fighting the Islamic State – Khorasan Province, saying, "We are able to tackle Daesh independently."
In January 2025, he was appointed head of the Doha embassy after Mohammad Naeem Wardak was recalled to Kabul.
# Gülkader Şentürk

Gulkader Senturk (born 8 January 1996) is a Turkish judoka. She competed in the women's 48 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
Senturk is a bronze medalist from the 2021 Judo Grand Slam Antalya in the ‍–‍48 kg category.
Senturk competed in the women's 48 kg event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria.
# Saika Kawakita

Saika Kawakita (Japanese: 河北彩花, born 24 April 1999) is a Japanese AV idol. She made her debut in 2018, and temporarily retired in March 2019. She later resumed her career in July 2021 and has been active since. She is currently signed to the S1 No. 1 Style label, under the Hokuto Corporation.

## Career

Kawakita debuted in April 2018 with Shinjin No. 1 Style Kawakita Saika AV Debut (新人NO.1STYLE 河北彩花AVデビュー), produced by S1. She was successful in the AV world upon her debut. Her works ranked first and fourth in FANZA's 2018 film rankings. Shinjin won the Best Work award in the streaming and rental category at the 2019 FANZA Adult Awards.
After five months and six films, Kawakita disappeared from the AV world. During the hiatus, S1 released some unreleased scenes in a compilation. Hong Kong newspaper Oriental Daily News listed Kawakita as one of the models readers would most like to come out of retirement. In a later interview, Kawakita explained that she left because her friends found out about her AV career.
In 2021, Kawakita announced her return on the magazine FANZA and released her return film, Kawakita Saika Re:Start, on July 14. She has been active ever since, and has quickly risen to become one of the most popular JAV idols of the year.
In 2024, a scene from the 2022 pornographic film OAE-214 ALL NUDE Saika Kawakita depicting Kawakita smiling into the camera became a popular Internet meme, particularly on Twitter.
# Křesetice

Křesetice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Křesetice consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Křesetice (542)
* Bykáň (20)
* Chrást (84)
* Krupá (47)

## Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Křesata, meaning "the village of Křesata's people".

## Geography

Křesetice is located about 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Kutná Hora and 55 km (34 mi) east of Prague. It lies in an agricultural landscape in the Upper Sázava Hills. The highest point is a nameless hill at 378 m (1,240 ft) above sea level. The Křenovka Brook originates here and flows through the village to the north east. The stream Opatovický potok flows through the southern part of the municipal territory.

## History

The first written mention of Křesetice is from 1327. From the 14th century until 1616, silver was mined in the village.
In 1960, the municipalities of Krupá (including the village of Bykáň) and Chrást were annexed to Křesetice.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,263 | — |
| 1880 | 1,235 | −2.2% |
| 1890 | 1,276 | +3.3% |
| 1900 | 1,217 | −4.6% |
| 1910 | 1,161 | −4.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,090 | −6.1% |
| 1930 | 1,065 | −2.3% |
| 1950 | 813 | −23.7% |
| 1961 | 765 | −5.9% |
| 1970 | 699 | −8.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 625 | −10.6% |
| 1991 | 573 | −8.3% |
| 2001 | 601 | +4.9% |
| 2011 | 666 | +10.8% |
| 2021 | 693 | +4.1% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The village of Bykáň is located on the railway line Kutná Hora–Zruč nad Sázavou.

## Sights

The main landmark of Křesetice is the Church of Saint Margaret. Originally a Gothic church from around 1300, it was rebuilt in the Baroque style in several phases in the 17th and 18th centuries. The tower dates from 1680.
The Křesetice Castle was originally a Renaissance fortress, rebuilt into a Baroque residence in the second half of the 17th century. Today the one-storey building houses the municipal office.
The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is located in Bykáň. It was built in the early Gothic style in the 13th century and rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1720.

## Notable people

* Oldřich Lajsek (1925–2001), painter
# Boris Tsirelson

Boris Semyonovich Tsirelson (May 4, 1950 – January 21, 2020) (Hebrew: בוריס סמיונוביץ' צירלסון, Russian: Борис Семёнович Цирельсон) was a Russian–Israeli mathematician and Professor of Mathematics at Tel Aviv University in Israel, as well as a Wikipedia editor.

## Biography

Tsirelson was born in Leningrad to a Russian Jewish family. From his father Simeon's side, he was the great-nephew of rabbi Yehuda Leib Tsirelson, chief rabbi of Bessarabia from 1918 to 1941, and a prominent posek and Jewish leader. He obtained his Master of Science from the University of Leningrad and remained there to pursue graduate studies. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1975, with thesis "General properties of bounded Gaussian processes and related questions" written under the direction of Ildar Abdulovich Ibragimov.
Later, he participated in the refusenik movement, but only received permission to immigrate to Israel in 1991. From then until 2017, he was a professor at Tel-Aviv University.
He has also worked on fault-tolerant cellular automaton.
In 1998 he was an Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin.

## Contributions to mathematics

Tsirelson made notable contributions to probability theory and functional analysis. These include:
* Tsirelson's bound, in quantum mechanics, is an inequality, related to the issue of quantum nonlocality.
* Tsirelson space is an example of a reflexive Banach space in which neither a l$^p$ space nor a c$_0$ space can be embedded.
* The Tsirelson's drift, a counterexample in the theory of stochastic differential equations, is an SDE which has a weak solution but no strong solution.
* The Gaussian isoperimetric inequality (proved by Vladimir Sudakov and Tsirelson, and independently by Christer Borell), stating that affine halfspaces are the isoperimetric sets for the Gaussian measure.

## Death

Tsirelson died on January 21, 2020, at the age of 69.