OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fort Plaisance

Fort Plaisance was a French fort built in the 17th century on the island of Newfoundland during the period of New France. It was the first permanent French military fortification in Newfoundland and played a key role in protecting French interests in the region.

## Establishment

In 1662, the French established a strategic trading post in a well-protected cove overlooking Placentia Bay, separating the Avalon Peninsula from the rest of Newfoundland. The area was of high economic importance due to its proximity to the Grand Banks, one of the richest fishing grounds in the world.

## Construction and Fortifications

To protect the settlement, the French constructed a series of forts, beginning with Fort Plaisance in 1662, followed by Fort Royal in 1687 and Fort Saint Louis in 1690. The fort was strategically placed within the harbor to defend the settlement of Plaisance from attacks, particularly from the English, who were expanding their presence in Newfoundland.
Originally, Fort Plaisance was constructed with earthen ramparts reinforced with wooden stakes. It was initially armed with four cannons but was gradually reinforced. By 1667, the fort housed 32 cannons, significantly strengthening its defenses.

## Conflicts and Military Role

Fort Plaisance played a defensive role during the late 17th century, as tensions between the French and English escalated in North America. Throughout the late 1600s, Newfoundland was a battleground for Anglo-French hostilities, with attacks occurring from both sides. The fort was used as a base for military operations and trade, helping France maintain control over the region.

## Decline and Abandonment

In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht forced the French to abandon their settlements in Newfoundland, including Fort Plaisance. The settlement of Plaisance was ceded to the British and renamed Placentia. Many of the French inhabitants were relocated to Île Royale, where construction of the Louisbourg Fortress began.

## Legacy

Today, Fort Plaisance remains a significant historical site, symbolizing the French colonial presence in Newfoundland. While little remains of the original fortifications, archaeological studies and historical records provide insights into its structure and importance.
# Blackcap basslet

The blackcap basslet (Gramma melacara), or blackcap gramma, is a species of fish inhabiting reefs in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean. It prefers vertical surfaces with crevices in which it can hide. It can be found at depths from 10 to 180 metres (33 to 591 ft) (usually between 20 and 60 metres (66 and 197 ft)). This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.

## Appearance

A small fish, reaching a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) TL, it is purple with a diagonal black cap on its head. The body colour varies from magenta to purple, and there is a jet-black diagonal cap running from the lip to the fore dorsal fin. The largest scientifically measured blackcap gramma was 10.0 cm / 3.9 inches.

## In the aquarium

A hardy fish, it is typically peaceful and can be kept in a reef aquarium. Care should be taken, however, to only add one fish to an aquarium, as they are territorial and do not accept other members of the same, or similar looking species in the same aquarium. Small shrimp also may get eaten by this fish. Since it likes to hide, it should only be kept in an aquarium with large amounts of live rock. When these fish are frightened, they hide among rocks.
An aquarium that is 30 gallons or larger is ideal. If it is desired to keep more than one in an aquarium, a tank that is at least 6 feet in length should be used and they should be added at the same time. It is not advisable to house the blackcap gramma in an aquarium smaller than 30 gallons (115 litres). A lot of rocks, crevices and caves in the set up is ideal. Since it is commonly found in deep waters, it is best to avoid sharp aquarium lights. The blackcap gramma is considered reef compatible, and is commonly kept in reef aquariums. It should be kept in mind, however, that it might devour small invertebrates, such as copepods, amphipods, and isopods. The blackcap gramma can start acting territorially towards other fishes, including members of its own species, once it has settled in an aquarium. The recommended water temperature for blackcap gramma is 72–78 °F (22–26 °C). Keep the specific gravity at 1.020-1.025 and the pH-value between 8.1 and 8.4. The blackcap gramma is a carnivorous species that needs to be kept on a meaty diet in the aquarium. It will normally accept dead food, and it can be fed mysid shrimp, fish flesh, crustacean flesh, and mixed frozen preparations suitable for marine carnivores.
# Burr–Erdős conjecture

In mathematics, the Burr–Erdős conjecture was a problem concerning the Ramsey number of sparse graphs. The conjecture is named after Stefan Burr and Paul Erdős, and is one of many conjectures named after Erdős; it states that the Ramsey number of graphs in any sparse family of graphs should grow linearly in the number of vertices of the graph.
The conjecture was proven by Choongbum Lee. Thus it is now a theorem.

## Definitions

If G is an undirected graph, then the degeneracy of G is the minimum number p such that every subgraph of G contains a vertex of degree p or smaller. A graph with degeneracy p is called p-degenerate. Equivalently, a p-degenerate graph is a graph that can be reduced to the empty graph by repeatedly removing a vertex of degree p or smaller.
It follows from Ramsey's theorem that for any graph G there exists a least integer $r(G)$, the Ramsey number of G, such that any complete graph on at least $r(G)$ vertices whose edges are coloured red or blue contains a monochromatic copy of G. For instance, the Ramsey number of a triangle is 6: no matter how the edges of a complete graph on six vertices are colored red or blue, there is always either a red triangle or a blue triangle.

## The conjecture

In 1973, Stefan Burr and Paul Erdős made the following conjecture:
    For every integer p there exists a constant c$_p$ so that any p-degenerate graph G on n vertices has Ramsey number at most c$_p$ n.
That is, if an n-vertex graph G is p-degenerate, then a monochromatic copy of G should exist in every two-edge-colored complete graph on c$_p$ n vertices.

## Known results

Before the full conjecture was proved, it was first settled in some special cases. It was proven for bounded-degree graphs by Chvátal et al. (1983); their proof led to a very high value of c$_p$, and improvements to this constant were made by Eaton (1998) and Graham, Rödl & Rucínski (2000). More generally, the conjecture is known to be true for p-arrangeable graphs, which includes graphs with bounded maximum degree, planar graphs and graphs that do not contain a subdivision of K$_p$. It is also known for subdivided graphs, graphs in which no two adjacent vertices have degree greater than two.
For arbitrary graphs, the Ramsey number is known to be bounded by a function that grows only slightly superlinearly. Specifically, Fox & Sudakov (2009) showed that there exists a constant c$_p$ such that, for any p-degenerate n-vertex graph G,
    $r(G)\leq 2^{c_{p}{\sqrt {\log n}}}n.$
# Guire Poulard

Guire Poulard (6 January 1942 – 9 December 2018) was a Haitian Roman Catholic archbishop who served as Archbishop of Port-au-Prince, from 26 March 2011 until his resignation on 7 October 2017.

## Biography

Poulard was born in Haiti and was ordained to the priesthood in 1972. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jacmel from 1988 to 2009. He then served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Les Cayes from 2009 to 2011. Poulard served as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Port-au-Prince from 2011 to 2017, succeeding Joseph Serge Miot, who died due to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. His resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 7 October 2017 due to reaching the age limit, while appointing Max Leroy Mésidor, until then Archbishop of Cap-Haïtien, as Archbishop of Port-au-Prince. He died on 9 December 2018.
# Salih Omurtak

Salih Omurtak (1889 – 23 June 1954) was a Turkish general and the fourth Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces.

## Biography

He was born 1889 in Thessaloniki, in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire (present-day Greece). He graduated from the Military College in 1907 with the rank of a lieutenant. After finishing the Staff College in 1910, he became a staff officer and served at several headquarters in the Ottoman Army.
Deployed to Ankara on 22 January 1920, he joined the Turkish revolutionaries and commanded various troops during and after the Turkish War of Independence, including the 61st Division. He was promoted to the rank of the Mirliva in 1926, and in 1930, he became a Ferik. From 1940 on, Omurtak held the commander-in-chief post of the First Army in the rank of the Orgeneral (four-star general).
He was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces on 1 August 1946 following the resignation of Kazım Orbay, and served at this position until 8 June 1949. His following duty was the membership in the Military High Advisory Board, which he held until his retirement on 6 July 1950.
Salih Omurtak died on 23 June 1954 in Ankara. His body was moved later to a permanent burial place in the Turkish State Cemetery.
# Sean Stone

Sean Christopher Stone (December 29, 1984) is an American actor, filmmaker, and television host. Stone hosted a show on the Russian state-funded network RT America until the network was shut down in 2022 after Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

## Biography

Stone was born in New York City. He is the son of Elizabeth Burkit Cox and film director Oliver Stone and has appeared in several of his father's films. His paternal grandmother was French.
A convert to Shia Islam in 2012, in an interview with CNN, Stone said that he accepted Muhammad as the seal of the prophets. Speaking to Bill O'Reilly, he claimed Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's statements about Israel had been misunderstood.
Stone is a member of the Board of Advisors for the company MindShare Ventures Group based in New York City.
In his last episode on RT America, Stone criticized celebrities for speaking out against Russia's invasion, and claimed that Oprah Winfrey had banned Tolstoy's War and Peace from her book club, and said it was wrong to characterize Russian leader Vladimir Putin as "some kind of dictator".

## Filmography
### Actor

* Salvador (1986) as Boyle's Baby
* Wall Street (1987) as Rudy Gekko
* Born on the Fourth of July (1989) as Young Jimmy Kovic
* JFK (1991) as Jasper Garrison
* The Doors (1991) as Young Jim Morrison
* Heaven & Earth (1993) as Young Boy with Jesuit Missionaries
* Natural Born Killers (1994) as Kevin
* Nixon (1995) as Donald Nixon
* U Turn (1997) as Boy in Grocery Store
* Any Given Sunday (1999) as Fan
* Fighting Against Time: Oliver Stone's Alexander (2005) himself as narrator
* Resurrecting Alexander (2005) himself as narrator
* Perfect Is the Enemy of Good (2005) as narrator
* W. (2008) as Fraternity Pledge #1
* Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010) as Rumor Hedge Fund Trader #1
* Nevo (2011) as Stephan
* Greystone Park (2011) as Sean
* American Road (2011) as Jack Kerouac
* Don't Pass Me By (2012) as Josh Malek
* Night Walk (2019) as Frank

### Director, producer, cinematographer, or screenwriter

* Fighting Against Time: Oliver Stone's Alexander (2005) (as writer, producer, director, cinematographer)
* The Death of Alexander (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
* Resurrecting Alexander (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
* Perfect Is the Enemy of Good (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
* Nuremberg: A Vision Restored (2007) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
* Singularity (2008) (as writer, producer, director)
* Greystone Park (2011) (as writer, director)
* A Child's Night Dream (upcoming) (as writer, producer, director)
* A Thousand Pieces (2020) (as narrator), Documentary about CIA and FBI corruption.
* All The President's Men (2024) (docuseries directed by Sean Stone and produced by Igor Lopatonok and Simona Papadopoulos)
# Nandurbar Amchur

Nandurbar Amchur commonly known as mango powder, is a popular Indian fruity spice powder made from dried, unripe local green mangoes (Gaauti Aam) grown in the Nandurbar district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Nandurbar Amchur is a centuries-old specialty of Nandurbar.
Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "Nandurbar Amchur".

## Name

The term "Nandurbar Amchur" refers to district of Nandurbar while Amchur means dried and powdered unripe mango in the local state language of Marathi.

## Description

Nandurbar Amchur, also known as mango powder, is a popular Indian fruity spice made from dried, unripe green mangoes (Gaauti Aam - local variety mango) sourced from the Nandurbar district. The production process involves harvesting local varieties of mangoes while they are green and unripe. The mangoes are then peeled, thinly sliced, and sun-dried. The dried slices are processed into a fine powder, which is sold as ready-made Aamchur.
Nandurbar Amchur has a honey-like fragrance and a sour fruity flavor. It is a tart, pale-beige-to-brownish powder used in various dishes, including stir-fried vegetables, soups, curries, and as a tenderizer for meat and poultry. It adds a fruit flavor without moisture and is used as a souring agent. Nandurbar Amchur is a favored ingredient in North Indian cuisine, particularly in dishes like Chhole, Matar Kulcha, Chicken Tikka, and Aloo-Tikki Chaat. It is also used in spice mixtures, marination, and stuffing. The tangy flavor of Nandurbar Amchur powder is especially beneficial during pregnancy, as it helps combat morning sickness and nausea.
Nandurbar Amchur production is a traditional practice adopted by the tribes of Nandurbar, who have been involved in the process for generations. The contribution of Aamchur production is a significant source of economy in tribal livelihood, holding great social and cultural importance. Nandurbar Amchur is available all year round and should be stored in a well-sealed container to preserve its flavor and aroma.

## Geographical indication

It was awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) status tag from the Geographical Indications Registry, under the Union Government of India, on 30 March 2024 and is valid until 19 October 2031.
Amu Aakha Ek Se Farmers Producer Company Limited from Dhadgaon, proposed the GI registration of Nandurbar Amchur. After filing the application in November 2020, the Amchur Powdere was granted the GI tag in 2024 by the Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai, making the name "Nandurbar Amchur" exclusive to the region. It thus became the 38th type of goods from Maharashtra to earn the GI tag.
The GI tag protects the Amchur from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.
# Burning Daylight (1920 film)

Burning Daylight is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Edward Sloman with Mitchell Lewis, Helen Ferguson, and William V. Mong starring. It was distributed by Metro Pictures. It is based on the 1910 Jack London novel of the same name.
A subsequent version, Burning Daylight was filmed in 1928 by First National Pictures. It starred Milton Sills and Doris Kenyon.

## Cast

* Mitchell Lewis as Burning Daylight
* Helen Ferguson as Dora
* William V. Mong as Necessity
* Alfred Allen as Nathaniel Letton
* Edward Jobson as Dowsett
* Robert Bolder as Guggenhammer
* Gertrude Astor as Lucille
* Arthur Edmund Carew as Arthur Howison
* Newton Hall as Jack
* Aaron Edwards as Crandall

## Production

The film was partially shot on location at Truckee, California.

## Preservation status

A print of Burning Daylight survives in a foreign archive.
# Dawda Jallow

Dawda Jallow (born 22 December 1966) is a Gambian sprinter. He competed in the 400 metres at the 1984, 1988 and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Heinz Warnken

Heinz Warnken (28 December 1912 – 1943) was a German footballer who played as a midfielder for Komet Bremen and the Germany national team. He was killed serving in the German army during World War II in 1943.
# 1925 Dali earthquake

The 1925 Dali earthquake occurred at 14:42 UTC on 16 March. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.0 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of at least IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It had an epicenter in the province of Yunnan in southern China and killed an estimated 5,000 people.

## Tectonic setting

Yunnan lies in a tectonically complex zone affected by the broad zone of deformation associated with the ongoing collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. A rhomb-shaped fault-bounded block, known as the Sichuan-Yunnan Block, is recognised that is bounded by the active left-lateral strike-slip faults of the Xianshuihe fault system and the currently right lateral Red River Fault and Jinshajiang Fault.

## Earthquake

The earthquake was caused by movement on the northwestern part of the Red River Fault.
The area affected by shaking of at least intensity VII was nearly 5,000 square kilometres.

## Damage

The city of Dali was severely damaged. 76,000 homes were destroyed either by the shaking or subsequent fires. The city walls were badly affected, locally collapsing completely, with battlements devastated and two of the gate towers destroyed. 3,600 people were killed in the city, with a further 7,200 injured. 5,000 livestock were also killed. In Fengyi, thousands of houses were destroyed and over 1,200 people died, with a further 550 injured. In Midu County, 159 people died and 165 were injured. In Binchuan County, over 800 people died and more than 500 were injured. There were also deaths in Dengchuan, Xiangyun and Weishan.
# Systematic Automation

Systematic Automation is an American manufacturer of precision screen printing machines, vacuum tables, pretreatment machines, and ultraviolet curing systems. The company specializes in standard and custom solutions for a variety of screen printing applications.
Though originally a manufacturer of screen printing machines, the company has expanded its operations to include vacuum tables and UV curing devices. The company is located in Farmington, CT,

## History

Systematic Automation, Inc. was founded in 1983 in Chicago, Illinois. The company moved to a larger facility in Connecticut to accommodate a doubling of capacity in 1987. Systematic Automation invented a rotary indexing table in 1988, introducing the technology to screen printing applications. That same year, the company entered the UV curing industry with the introduction of the UVSP Curing Unit.
To meet the complex requirements of multicolor screen printed designs, a new line of machines was designed and manufactured in 2001 that consisted of a conveying system for multiple vacuum tables moved successively through screen printing and UV curing work stations. More recently, engineers at the company have developed machines for automatically printing insulated foam can coolers, known as koozies, as well as a fully automatic screen printer for microscope slides or other flat glass.
It also built a screen printing machine capable of depositing 0.002" lines of platinum 0.002" apart for hydrogen battery wafers used on the Space Shuttle. Systematic automation provides options for printing on any flat and cylindrical product from semi-automatic to full automatic capacity. Loaders, unloaders, visual inspection, pretreatment and much more all can be integrated into a system. Automatic machines produced by systematic automation are often tailored to the customers requests on the level of automation which can expand beyond printing.
in 2023, Systematic Automation developed a system for silica pretreatment called the Fierosil to maintain UV ink adhesion in 2023. Fierosil is the leading domestic solution for pre-treatment with UV inks to avoid ink chipping.
# Afrocanthium siebenlistii

Afrocanthium siebenlistii is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania, found only in the Usambara and Uzungwa Mountains.
# Estivaux

Estivaux is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.
# Nate Snell

Nathaniel Snell (born September 2, 1959) is an American former professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles and Detroit Tigers, for four seasons.
Snell was signed by the Orioles as an amateur free agent in September 1976, right after the completion of that year's Minor League season. He played his first professional season with their Class A-Advanced Miami Orioles in 1977, and split his last season with the Class A-Advanced Miami Marlins and the Cincinnati Reds' Double-A Chattanooga Lookouts and Triple-A Nashville Sounds in 1988. Snell spent parts of seven seasons in the minor leagues before getting called up during the 1984 season on September 20. He threw a total of 7+2⁄3 innings that season, giving up only 2 earned runs and striking out seven. Snell was a regular in the Baltimore bullpen for all of 1985 and 1986, compiling a 2.69 ERA in 100 innings in 1985, and a 3.86 ERA in 72 innings in 1986.
After the 1986 season, Snell signed a free agent contract with the Detroit Tigers. He pitched 38 innings, compiling a 3.86 ERA with a 1-2 record. After that season, Snell threw a few more seasons in the minor leagues for the Cincinnati Reds organization, and ultimately retired after 1990.
Snell finished his major league career with a 7-6 record, a 3.29 ERA, 5 saves, 96 strikeouts, and a 1.31 WHIP.
# Ampelita lamarei

Ampelita lamarei is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Acavidae.

## Subspecies

    Ampelita lamarei dendritica Verdcourt, 2006

## Variety

    Ampelita lamarei var. sakalava (Angas, 1877)

## Description

(Original description in Latin as Helix stragulum) This narrowly umbilicated, very depressed shell is thin, minutely granulose under magnification, and longitudinally impressed with fine growth lines. Chestnut-brown with rare yellowish-straw spots, it features a sub-flattened spire with an obtuse apex and an impressed suture. Four flattened, rapidly increasing whorls are present, the upper 2.5 violaceous-brown, and the body whorl bordered with yellow at the suture. The body whorl is large, sub-depressed above, angulate-keeled slightly above the periphery, and has a convex, inflated base, sub-angulate around the umbilicus. The umbilicus area is dark chestnut, encircled by a pale yellow zone. The large, very oblique, elliptical-ovate aperture is bluish-white inside. The bluish-white peristome is widely reflexed, with margins joined by a thin callus, and the outer margin dilated medially and near the insertion.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Madagascar.
# Nate Smith (pitcher)

Nate David Smith (born August 28, 1991) is an American former professional baseball pitcher.

## Career

After graduating from Lakota West High School, Smith played college baseball at Furman University. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in the eighth round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft.
Smith signed with the Angels and made his professional debut with the Orem Owlz. He spent the whole season there, going 2–2 with a 3.86 ERA in 35 innings. He started 2014 with the Inland Empire 66ers and was later promoted to the Arkansas Travelers. In 21 starts between the two teams, he compiled an 11–6 record and 2.97 ERA. After the season, he played for the Mesa Solar Sox in the Arizona Fall League.
In 2015, Smith played for Arkansas and the Salt Lake Bees where he posted a 10–8 record and 3.86 ERA in 24 starts. In July 2015, he pitched for Team USA at the 2015 Pan American Games.
In 2016, he pitched for Salt Lakes where he was 8–9 with a 4.61 ERA in 26 starts. The Angels added him to their 40-man roster after the 2016 season.
Smith played in only four games in 2017 due to injury. Smith missed all of 2018 due to anterior capsule surgery.
He was released on May 3, 2019.