OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sphex pensylvanicus

Sphex pensylvanicus, the great black wasp, is a species of digger wasp. It lives across most of North America and grows to a size of 20–35 mm (0.8–1.4 in). The larvae feed on living insects that the females paralyze and carry to the underground nest.

## Distribution

S. pensylvanicus is distributed across most of the contiguous United States and northern Mexico. During the late 20th century, its range expanded north to New York and the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario.

## Description

Sphex pensylvanicus is a large, black wasp, significantly larger than their congener Sphex ichneumoneus (the great golden digger wasp). Males are smaller than females, at only 19–28 mm (0.7–1.1 in) long compared with typical female sizes of 25–34 mm (1.0–1.3 in). According to John Bartram, "The sting of this Wasp is painful, but does not swell like others". As well as being larger than S. ichneumoneus, they are also darker, with smoky wings and an entirely black body, where S. ichneumoneus has yellow wings, red legs, and a partly red abdomen.

## Ecology and life cycle

Adult females of S. pensylvanicus build an underground nest which they provision with various orthopteran insects, particularly of the genera Microcentrum, Amblycorypha and Scudderia. Prey are stung three times, once in the neck and twice in the thorax, and are paralyzed by the wasp's sting, although they can survive for weeks. The prey are then carried to the nest. While collecting their prey, the females are vulnerable to kleptoparasitism, in which birds, including the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the grey catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), steal the prey that the wasp has collected.
The eggs of S. pensylvanicus are 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 1 mm (0.04 in) wide; they are glued to the underside of the prey insect between the first and second pairs of legs. Each of the several chambers in the nest houses a single larva, which consumes 2–6 katydids or grasshoppers. The larval stage lasts 10 days, reaching a pre-pupation size of 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long by 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) wide.
S. pensylvanicus is an important pollinator of plants including the milkweeds Asclepias syriaca and A. incarnata. It has also been reported on Daucus carota, Eryngium yuccifolium, Melilotus albus, Monarda punctata , and Pycnanthemum virginianum S. pensylvanicus is one of several species of Sphex to be parasitized by the strepsipteran Paraxenos westwoodi.

## Taxonomic history

Sphex pensylvanicus was the subject of the first article on an insect written by a native-born citizen of the New World, when observations made by John Bartram on S. pensylvanicus were presented to the Royal Society in 1749 by Peter Collinson. Sphex pensylvanicus was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 work Centuria Insectorum, using material sent to him by Charles De Geer.
# William J. Martin

William Jefferson Martin (September 28, 1861 – June 30, 1941) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served in the California State Assembly from the 48th district between 1917 and 1921. He also served as the postmaster of Salinas, California, between 1920 and 1933.

## Life and career

William Jefferson Martin was born on September 28, 1861, in Monterey, California. He was the second of six children born to Daniel C. Martin, a Great Plains native who moved to California during the Gold Rush, and Jane Nestor, an Irishwoman. Martin became employed at the Western Union Telegraph Company at the age of 14. He served as the company's manager until he retired to become the business manager of The Morning Call in 1898.
Martin first married Mollie Hamilton. Hamilton was the sister of Olive Steinbeck, the mother of American author John Steinbeck. She died in 1915. Martin's second and last marriage was to Bertha Marten. They had two children together, William and Mildred; the former was born on September 5, 1921, in Salinas. Marten died in 1936.
For the 1916 election for California's 48th State Assembly district, Martin received the nominations of the Republican, Democratic, and Progressive parties. In response, Martin stated that although he did not wish to hold office, he would "do [his] best to get elected." Martin was unopposed in the general election. He was re-elected in 1918 and ran unopposed in both elections.
On one of his first days in office, Martin introduced two bills, one that would adopt mandatory military training in California and another that would require the flag of the United States to fly over school buildings in California. In 1919, Martin introduced resolutions urging the United States government to support an establishment of the League of Nations. Later during the year, a bill of his that would extend the boundaries of Monterey was signed into law by governor William Stephens.
While serving in the Assembly, Martin was nominated by Woodrow Wilson to become the postmaster of Salinas, California. At the request of James Farley, the United States Postmaster General, Martin resigned in 1933.
On June 30, 1941, Martin died at his home in Salinas. His funeral was held three days later on July 3.
# The Amazing Mary Jane

The Amazing Mary Jane is a 2019 comic book by Marvel Comics, starring Mary Jane Watson. It is written by Leah Williams with art by Carlos Gomez.

## Editorial history

The comic book was first announced at San Diego Comic-Con, with the writer Leah Williams and artist Carlos Gomez. The announcement included several promotional variant covers of Mary Jane alongside other superheroes. The plot of the comic book is a spin-off of plots from The Amazing Spider-Man published at the time.
While it was never officially cancelled by Marvel, the series is widely considered to have been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was corroborated by cover artist Paolo Siqueira, who also said that the series was supposed to last for at least ten issues.
After concluding a story arc in the first five issues, the sixth issue seemed to be setting up a new arc before this cancellation.

## Plot

Mary Jane Watson moves to Hollywood to make a film about the supervillain Mysterio. The director, unaware of Mary Jane's relation with Spider-Man, confides with her that he's actually Quentin Beck, the original Mysterio, using his illusion powers to conceal his identity. Mary Jane trusts him and proceeds with the film, despite the attempts of the Sinister Six to sabotage it.

## Reception

Jesse Schedeen at IGN points that the release of a Mary Jane comic book may be justified by her roles in the film Spider-Man: Far From Home, the Spider-Man video game and the ongoing Spider-Man series by Nick Spencer, but doubted that the comic had much content in itself. He considered that the scenes about the woes of Hollywood film-making and the prominence of Mysterio came at the expense of Mary Jane, who looks like a secondary character in her own comic book. He also considers that the art may be appropriate for the superhero genre, and in fact looks similar to the Spider-Man comics of early 2000s, but it felt out of place in a comic book without actual superhero conflicts.

## Collected editions

| Title | Material collected | Release date | ISBN |
| The Amazing Mary Jane: Down in Flames, Up in Smoke | The Amazing Mary Jane #1–5 | April 22, 2020 | 978-1-302-92027-2 |
# Emmet Heidrick

R. Emmet "Snags" Heidrick (July 29, 1876 – January 20, 1916) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Spiders, St. Louis Cardinals, and St. Louis Browns between 1898 and 1908, primarily as an outfielder. He was known as a good defensive player who hit for a high batting average, but he missed a great deal of playing time due to injuries.
Heidrick stood out among early baseball players because he came from a wealthy family. His father, Levi Heidrick, was a successful businessman, and his son, Gardner Heidrick, co-founded an executive search firm.

## Biography

Heidrick came from an affluent family. His father Levi owned a successful lumber business. Heidrick's background was even noted on an early-career scouting report about him, with the scout opining that Heidrick did not need to play baseball to earn money. He had a strong throwing arm and good defensive ability.
After spending his first major-league season with the Cleveland Spiders in 1898. Frank Robison and Stanley Robison had purchased the St. Louis Perfectos after the 1898 season but had not given up control of the Spiders. Feeling that a good team could draw better attendance in St. Louis than in Cleveland, the Robison brothers traded Heidrick and several other Spiders players to the Perfectos. The 1899 Perfectos finished in fifth place that year, while the Spiders had the worst record in baseball history, 20–134.
Early in his career, he hit for a high batting average and he was fast. Injuries usually caused him to miss at least 20 games in each season. Fans and teammates often felt that Heidrick's heart was not in baseball. Though he often had physicians who documented his injuries, he seemed to be injured more often during the hot summer months.
In 1901, Heidrick's father accidentally killed himself when he knocked over a loaded gun in his closet at home.
Before the 1902 season, Heidrick was part of a dispute that was heard before the Supreme Court of Missouri. Heidrick, Bobby Wallace and Jack Harper signed with the St. Louis Browns, but Frank Robison claimed to still have them under contract. Robison took the matter of Wallace's contract to court. The Supreme Court of Missouri ruled against Robison, and the ruling was understood to apply to the other two players as well.
After three years with the Browns, Heidrick retired in 1904 and joined the lumber business run by his family. He returned to the field with the Browns briefly in 1908. As late as 1911, he was playing for a local team in Brookville, Pennsylvania.
In 757 major-league games played, Heidrick batted .300 (914 for 3047) with 468 runs scored, 16 home runs, 342 RBI, 186 stolen bases, an on-base percentage of .333 and slugging percentage of .399 in eight seasons.
Heidrick died of influenza in 1916. His son Gardner was one of the two founders of the executive search firm Heidrick & Struggles.
# Box Hill

Box Hill or Boxhill may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Box Hill, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia
* Box Hill, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia
** Box Hill railway station, Melbourne

### England

* Box Hill, Surrey, a hill in England named for the box woodland it features
** Box Hill School, a public school located in Mickleham at the foot of the hill
** Box Hill & Westhumble railway station
* Box Hill, Wiltshire, a village in England

### Other countries

* Box Hill railway station, Wellington, a station in New Zealand
* Boxhill (Louisville), a historic house in the United States

## Other uses

* SS Box Hill, previously known as SS Glentworth, a steamship sunk by a mine in the Second World War
# Théodore Turrettini

Théodore Turrettini (1845–1916) was a Swiss engineer and politician.

## Life

Théodore Turrettini was trained as an engineer at the Polytechnic School of Lausanne, where he graduated in 1867. He then left Switzerland to train in a workshop in Frankfurt, and at the Siemens & Halske factory in Berlin. He later spent a short while in Paris. Back to Geneva in 1870, he became director of the "Society of Physical Instruments", a position he would keep until his death. His duties included the development of precision instruments, of machines and of drills for the St.Gothard tunnel. He also attempted to collaborate with Raoul Pictet in order to develop machines for producing cold.
After a two-month internship at Thomas Edison's workshop in New York, he even launched himself into electric lighting.
Turrettini's main achievement was the creation of hydroelectric power stations in Geneva, which were the most powerful of the time.
Turrettini was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society. In 1891, Turrettini became a member of the International Niagara Commission.
# Duchang County

Duchang (Chinese: 都昌; pinyin: Dūchāng) is a county in the north-northeast of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. Containing part of Poyang Lake, it is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang. The total area is 2,669.53 km$^2$ (1,030.71 sq mi), and the population is 813,000.

## Administrative divisions

Duchang County has 12 towns and 12 townships.

### 12 towns

| Duchang (都昌镇) Zhouxi (周溪镇) Sanchagang (三汊港镇) Zhongguan (中馆镇) Dasha (大沙镇) Wanhu (万户镇) | Nanfeng (南峰镇) Tutang (土塘镇) Dagang (大港镇) Cailing (蔡岭镇) Xubu (徐埠镇) Zuoli (左里镇) |

### 12 townships

| Hehe (和合乡) Yangfeng (阳峰乡) Xiyuan (西源乡) Xiangxi (芗溪乡) Shishan (狮山乡) Mingshan (鸣山乡) | Chunqiao (春桥乡) Sushan (苏山乡) Duobao (多宝乡) Wangdun (汪墩乡) Beishan (北山乡) Dashu (大树乡) |

## Climate

Climate data for Duchang, elevation 78 m (256 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) | 28.0 (82.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.8 (91.0) | 34.2 (93.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 38.8 (101.8) | 39.2 (102.6) | 37.4 (99.3) | 33.6 (92.5) | 30.4 (86.7) | 21.4 (70.5) | 39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 29.0 (84.2) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.5 (90.5) | 29.2 (84.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 17.6 (63.7) | 11.3 (52.3) | 21.7 (71.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.7 (53.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 24.8 (76.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 13.2 (55.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 17.7 (64.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) | 4.7 (40.5) | 8.6 (47.5) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.6 (70.9) | 15.9 (60.6) | 10.0 (50.0) | 4.3 (39.7) | 14.7 (58.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) | −6.9 (19.6) | −2.4 (27.7) | 3.1 (37.6) | 9.2 (48.6) | 14.1 (57.4) | 18.9 (66.0) | 18.7 (65.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 4.6 (40.3) | −1.7 (28.9) | −12.1 (10.2) | −12.1 (10.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.5 (2.89) | 93.6 (3.69) | 150.6 (5.93) | 198.3 (7.81) | 215.3 (8.48) | 271.8 (10.70) | 188.0 (7.40) | 119.3 (4.70) | 62.8 (2.47) | 48.7 (1.92) | 69.2 (2.72) | 49.8 (1.96) | 1,540.9 (60.67) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.7 | 12.5 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 14.6 | 15.4 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 139.5 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 7.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 77 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 83 | 78 | 77 | 76 | 73 | 75 | 74 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 92.9 | 95.4 | 113.0 | 138.8 | 158.7 | 145.5 | 230.9 | 225.3 | 193.6 | 175.2 | 140.0 | 129.6 | 1,838.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 29 | 30 | 30 | 36 | 38 | 35 | 54 | 56 | 53 | 50 | 44 | 41 | 41 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Odeon Theatre (Bucharest)

The Odeon Theatre (Teatrul Odeon in Romanian) is a theatre in Bucharest, Romania, located on Calea Victoriei, and is one of the best-known performing arts venues in Bucharest. As an institution, it descends from the Teatrul Muncitoresc CFR Giulești, founded 1946; it moved to its current location, the Sala Majestic, in 1974. In 1990, after the Romanian Revolution of 1989, the theatre changed its name from Giulești to Odeon. In 1993, it won the Romanian Theatre of the Year Award.
The theatre was built in 1911, and previously housed the Comedy Theatre of the Romanian National Theatre. It is part of a complex that includes a building with apartments and stores (to its north) and the Majestic Hotel (to its south). The Giulești Theatre building is located near the former Valentin Stănescu Stadium (demolished in 2019) and in the immediate vicinity of the Grant Overpass, being built in 1946, supposedly being designed by Horia Creangă.
In front of the Odeon Theatre there is a bust of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
# Javanese Christian Church

The Javanese Christian Church (Indonesian: Gereja Kristen Jawa, GKJ) or the Synod of the Christian Churches of Java (Sinode Gereja-gereja Kristen Jawa), founded on 17 February 1931, is a mutual bond of Javanese Reformed Christian churches which amounts to 307 churches in 32 presbyteries, spreading in 6 provinces in the island of Java: Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java, West Java, Jakarta, and Banten. It has a Presbyterian church government.
It is a member of World Communion of Reformed Churches.
# Mutapa Investment Fund

Mutapa Investment Fund, formerly known as the Sovereign Wealth Fund of Zimbabwe is a Zimbabwean sovereign wealth fund formulated by the Sovereign Wealth Fund Act (Chapter 22:20). It was renamed after the re-election of Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa as the president of Zimbabwe, doing so by using Statutory Instrument 156 of 2023. It is a state-owned investment fund established from the balance of payment surpluses, official foreign currency operations, the proceeds of privatisation, government transfer payments, fiscal surpluses and resource earnings. It manages 20 parastatal entities.

## History

In 2013, the parliament of Zimbabwe drafted the Sovereign Wealth Fund Bill. It was then passed and the SWFZ come into existence in 2014.

## Controversies

There is a lot of outcry among people from various groups concerning the renaming and restructuring of Mutapa Investment Fund. These people includes journalists, tribal extremist and politicians.

## Entities Managed

* Net*one Cellular (Private) Limited
* National Railways of Zimbabwe
* Air Zimbabwe
* TelOne
* Cottco
* Zupco
* Defold Mine
* Kuvimba Mining House
* Silo investments
* National Oil Company of Zimbabwe
* Cold Storage Commission Limited
* Petrotrade
* People's Own Savings Bank
* ZESA
* Fidelity Gold Refinery
* Homelink
* Arda Seeds
* Zimbabwe Power Company
* PowerTel Communications
* Allied Timbers
* Telecel
* Industrial Development Corporation
* Hwange Colliery Company
# John Mayers (athlete)

John Mayers (born 17 September 1956) is a Barbadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Puerto Rico Highway 117

Puerto Rico Highway 117 (PR-117) is a rural road from Lajas, Puerto Rico to Sabana Grande. It begins at its junction with PR-116 and PR-315 south of downtown Lajas and ends at its intersection with PR-121 in southern Sabana Grande.

## Major intersections

* PR-117 east at PR-2 interchange in Rayo, Sabana Grande
* PR-2 west at exit 187 to PR-117 in Rayo, Sabana Grande
| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Lajas | Sabana Yeguas–Lajas line | 0.0 | 0.0 | PR-315 to PR-116 (Avenida Manuel "Pito" Pagán Ramírez) – Lajas, Guánica | Western terminus of PR-117 |
| Lajas | Lajas Arriba–Santa Rosa line | 2.8 | 1.7 | PR-321 – Santa Rosa | |
| Lajas | Lajas Arriba | 5.4 | 3.4 | PR-118 / PR-322 – San Germán, Lajas Arriba | |
| Lajas | Plata–Lajas Arriba line | 7.7 | 4.8 | PR-329 – Minillas | |
| Lajas | Plata | 9.1 | 5.7 | PR-327 – Plata | |
| Sabana Grande | Rayo | 11.1 | 6.9 | PR-328 – Rayo | |
| Sabana Grande | Rayo | 12.9– 13.0 | 8.0– 8.1 | PR-2 (Expreso Roberto Sánchez Vilella) – Mayagüez, Ponce | PR-2 exit 187; diamond interchange |
| Sabana Grande | Rayo–Machuchal line | 13.1 | 8.1 | PR-121 – Sabana Grande, Yauco | Eastern terminus of PR-117 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Baby Face Finlayson

Baby Face Finlayson is a fictional character in a comic strip in the UK comic The Beano, first appearing in issue 1553, dated 22 April 1972. Baby Face Finlayson "The Cutest Bandit in the West" is an outlaw from the American Old West, and is, in fact, a baby.
His name is derived from the real-life American gangster of the 1930s Baby Face Nelson (real name Lester Joseph Gillis).

## Publication history

He was originally a minor character in Little Plum, but was later given a spin-off strip of his own. He rode around in a motorised pram, stealing everything that wasn't tied down, whilst shouting "Yuk Yuk!". He had a number of accomplices, including Jessie James, Sid the Kid and Goo Goo McGoo who were also, apparently, babies. Their chief nemesis was Sheriff "Marsh" Mallow of Cactus Gulch.
When the strip returned in 1980, the Wild West theme was dropped, and the setting was moved to England. The tagline was also changed to "The Cutest Bandit Around". However, in the final strip of the second series, he was posted back to America by the angry Beano editor, whom Baby-Face had tried to kidnap. On both occasions, the strip was drawn by Ron Spencer.

## Subsequent appearances

In issue 3181, dated 5 July 2003, he cameoed in a Little Plum strip, when he stole Little Plum's wigwam. He sped off in his pram, crashed into a buffalo so Little Plum thought he had learned his lesson, until he steals Little Plum's clothes without him noticing and rides off. In September 2004 he reappeared again for five weeks in his own strip, this time drawn by Emilios Hatjoullis. He has appeared in the Beano Annual every year since then. In 2006 Baby Face returned as a villainous gangster in the Bash Street Kids adventures "School's Out" and "Hot Rod Cow", written and drawn by Kev F Sutherland. He appears in the 2008 Beano annual in the story "Pluggy Love", where Danny believes that Plug's girlfriend is evil as he thinks Baby-Face is her father. It turns out she's his babysitter and her father was pushing his pram. He appeared once again in the 2009 annual in "Reservoir Dodge", where after discovering a Weather-Predicting device Roger and Walter sold him is fake, he tries to kill them and invites a group of other fictional villains over, like the Joker, a Dalek, a devil, and Bully Beef. Other Beano characters try to help Roger, but are also placed above the piranha fish tank. However Alexander the Lemming and Winston the Cat push the tank over, forcing the villains away.
Baby-Face Finlayson returned to The Beano in the Funsize Funnies in #3660 drawn by Alexander Matthews.
# Amaury de Riencourt

Amaury de Riencourt (French:; 12 June 1918 – 13 January 2005) was a French writer and historian. He was an expert on Southeast Asia, an Indian scholar, a Sinologist, a Tibetologist, and an Americanist.
De Riencourt's magnum opus was probably The Coming Caesars (1957), which explores the ethnic and ideological roots of America, Europe, and Russia, comparing classical times with the contemporary world (i.e., the 19th and 20th centuries).

## Biography

Amaury de Riencourt was born in Orléans into a family of the French nobility that dates back at least to the 12th century. He graduated from the Sorbonne in Paris and held a Master's degree from the University of Algiers.
From 1939 to 1940, during the earlier part of the Second World War, de Riencourt served in the French Navy.
In 1947, de Riencourt visited Tibet, staying in Lhasa, where he remained for five months. He met the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, then just twelve years old, who declared that the country was governed in all areas as an independent nation, adding that the orders of his government were obeyed across the country.

## Works

De Riencourt wrote a number of books (all in English), including:
* Roof of the World: Tibet (1950)
* The Coming Caesars (1957), considered his greatest work
* The Soul of China (1958)
* The Soul of India (1960)
* The American Empire (1968)
* Sex and Power in History (1974)
* The Eye of Shiva (1980)
* Woman and Power in History (1983)
* Lost World: Tibet (1987)
* A Child of the Century: Volume 1 (1996), his autobiography