OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pósa's theorem

Pósa's theorem, in graph theory, is a sufficient condition for the existence of a Hamiltonian cycle based on the degrees of the vertices in an undirected graph. It implies two other degree-based sufficient conditions, Dirac's theorem on Hamiltonian cycles and Ore's theorem. Unlike those conditions, it can be applied to graphs with a small number of low-degree vertices. It is named after Lajos Pósa, a protégé of Paul Erdős born in 1947, who discovered this theorem in 1962.
The Pósa condition for a finite undirected graph $G$ having $n$ vertices requires that, if the degrees of the $n$ vertices in increasing order as
    $d_{1}\leq d_{2}\leq ...\leq d_{n},$
then for each index $k<n/2$ the inequality $k<d_{k}$ is satisfied.
Pósa's theorem states that if a finite undirected graph satisfies the Pósa condition, then that graph has a Hamiltonian cycle in it.
# Hugh Rowlands

General Sir Hugh Rowlands VC KCB DL (6 May 1828 – 1 August 1909) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross for courageous action that led to the rescue of Colonel William O'Grady Haly during the Crimean War.

## Early life

Hugh Rowlands was born in the village of Plastirion, Llanrug. He was the second son of miner and Welsh landowner John Rowlands, heir to the Plastirion estate, and his wife Elizabeth (née Hartwell). His family claimed descent from Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Prince of Powys, and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Prince of Gwynedd and had resided in the area for almost 200 years. He was educated at Beaumaris Grammar School and Mr John Taylor's Cramming Academy, Woolwich.

## Career

Rowlands entered the military at the age of 21, purchasing a commission as an Ensign in the 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot, British Army. Rowlands served in Ireland, Malta and the Ionian Islands and was promoted to captain in the 41st in September 1954, during the Crimean War. He first saw action at the battle of the Alma in the same month and was present at Little Inkerman the following month.
On 5 November 1854 in the Crimea at Inkerman, Captain Rowlands and Private John McDermond rescued Colonel William O'Grady Haly of the 47th Regiment who had been wounded and surrounded by Russian soldiers. He also acted with great gallantry in holding the ground occupied by his advanced picquet against the enemy at the commencement of the Battle of Inkerman. For this action he became the first Welshman to be awarded the Victoria Cross.
He further distinguished himself during the siege of Sevastopol and was nominated for a Victoria Cross in recognition of his action during the second assault on the Redan in September 1855.
After service in the West Indies and India he was a Special Service officer in South Africa in 1878 and 1879. He was appointed Commandant of the Transvaal in 1878 and led an unsuccessful assault on the Pedi stronghold of Chief Sekukuni. He served as a brigadier-general during the later stages of the Zulu War.
His latter years of service were spent in India where he commanded the Bangalore Division of the Madras Army and, on two occasions, took temporary command of the Madras Army. Returning to Britain he was appointed Lieutenant of the Tower of London in 1893 and Commander-in-Chief, Scotland in 1894 before retiring in 1896.
In October 1897 he was appointed colonel of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, which he retained until his death at Plastirion on 1 August 1909.

## Further information

He later achieved the rank of General. He was born and died in Llanrug. His VC is on display at the Welch Regiment Museum in Cardiff Castle in Wales. He served as a deputy lieutenant of Caernarfonshire and was a justice of the peace in Caernarfonshire and in the Transvaal. His only son, Major Hugh Barrow Rowlands, Suffolk Regiment and King's African Rifles, died of wounds in Somaliland in 1903.
# Marie-Claire Baldenweg

Marie-Claire Baldenweg (born 27 March 1954) is a Swiss-Australian contemporary artist.

## Life and work

Marie-Claire Baldenweg was born in Switzerland.
Since the early seventies almost all of her oil paintings feature the motif of a plastic shopping bag. Her style is a mix of photorealism and pop-art.
She lives in Byron Bay, is married to musician Pfuri Baldenweg and is the mother of three children.

## Shows

* In 1988 the Powerhouse Museum (Hyde Park Barracks) hosted a 6 months solo exhibition called "Carried Away".
* In 2003 the Swiss Stock Exchange hosted a museum-like solo exhibition of her work "Global Market – Bagflags of the World".
* In 2005 the Australian Stock Exchange hosted a museum-like solo exhibition of her work "Global Market – Bagflags of the World".

## Quotes

* The queen of plastic bag art, Marie-Claire Baldenweg. (Sunday Telegraph, Australia, 02/2005)
* Marie-Claire could be thought of as working in a kind of latter-day Pop art style both celebrating the possibilities of globalisation while critiquing its unkinder aspects. (Anthony Bond, Director Curatorial and Head Curator International Art, Art Gallery of New South Wales)
* For the Swiss artist Marie-Claire Baldenweg plastic carrier bags are "a typical symbol of our capitalistic high gloss- and hi-tech era." (ART Magazin, Germany, 11/2003)
# Tarring (electoral division)

50°49′28″N 0°23′33″W﻿ / ﻿50.82448°N 0.39259°W﻿ / 50.82448; -0.39259
Tarring is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom, and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.

## Extent

The division covers the neighbourhood of West Tarring, which forms part of the urban area of the town of Worthing and came into existence as the result of a boundary review recommended by the Boundary Committee for England, the results of which were accepted by the Electoral Commission in March 2009.
It falls entirely within the un-parished area of Worthing Borough and comprises some or all of the following borough wards: Gaisford Ward (western portion) and Tarring Ward.

## Election results
### 2013 Election

Results of the election held on 2 May 2013:
Tarring :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Robert Smytherman | 851 | 33.1 | −14.3 |
| | UKIP | Shaune King | 702 | 27.3 | +9.2 |
| | Conservative | Sean McDonald | 593 | 23.0 | −6.0 |
| | Labour | Michael Brown | 228 | 8.9 | +3.4 |
| | Green | William Morris | 199 | 7.7 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 149 | 5.8 | −12.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,573 | 26.0 | −9.3 |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | | |

### 2009 Election

Results of the election held on 4 June 2009:
Tarring :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Robert Smytherman | 1,646 | 47.4 | |
| | Conservative | Paul High | 1,007 | 29.0 | |
| | UKIP | John Harwood | 628 | 18.1 | |
| | Labour | Sid Wells | 191 | 5.5 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 639 | 18.4 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,472 | 35.3 | |
| | Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | Liberal Democrats win (new seat) |
# Metal Knight

Metal Knight (Chinese: 铁甲风暴; lit. 'Ironclad Storm') is a real-time strategy video game released in 1998, developed by Object Software Limited and published in mainland China by Object Software and in Taiwan by T-time Technology Co., Ltd. In 1999 the English version was published by Microforum in the United States and Italy. The game supports eight online players. The game sold over 300,000 copies and received high ratings from game magazines such as Popsoft and Play. It was followed by an expansion named Dark Front.
# William F. Moses

William Francis Moses (February 6, 1898 - July 31, 1961) was an American prelate of the Episcopal Church, who served as Suffragan Bishop of South Florida from 1956 till 1961.

## Early life and education

Moses was born on February 6, 1898, in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Frank Hamilton Moses and Cora Mina Thibadeau. He was educated at the public high school of Atlanta and then at the Georgia School of Technology. On April 2, 1923, he married Cornelia Chaffee, and together had three children. In 1924, he graduated in theology from the University of the South, and was awarded a Doctor of Divinity by the same university in 1956.

## Ordained ministry

Moses was ordained deacon in June 1924 and priest in February 1925 by Bishop Henry J. Mikell of Atlanta. He was in charge of the Church of St James in Cedartown, Georgia, and of the Church of the Ascension in Cartersville, Georgia, between 1924 and 1929. From 1929 till 1930, he served as priest-in-charge of Grace Church in Sheffield, Alabama, and St John's Church in Tuscumbia, Alabama. In 1930, he became rector of All Saints' Church in Lakeland, Florida, a post he retained till 1952. From 1952 till 1956, he was rector of the Church of the Redeemer in Sarasota, Florida.

## Suffragan Bishop

On May 23, 1956, Moses was elected Suffragan Bishop of South Florida during a diocesan convention, and was consecrated on October 18, 1956, in the Church of the Redeemer in Sarasota, Florida, by Presiding Bishop Henry Knox Sherrill. Bishop Moses' episcopacy was short lived like his predecessor's, after suffering a heart attack on July 26, 1961, during a trip to England. He died in a London hospital on July 31, 1961.
# Anisha Ambrose

Anisha Ambrose is an Indian actress and model who appears in Telugu, Kannada and Tamil films. In 2013, she made her debut with Alias Janaki.

## Early career

Anisha's parents are from Visakhapatnam and she grew up in Odisha. Her family runs several schools in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. She pursued her education from St. Josephs College for Women in Visakhapatnam and completed her MBA in finance at GITAM School of International Business.
She modelled for a friend's photography page on Facebook and her pictures were noticed by producer Neelima Tirumalasetti, from where her film career started.

## Personal life

Ambrose married Hyderabad-based entrepreneur Gunanath Jakka in May 2019 and subsequently quit acting. The couple had a child in 2020.
Paul Davey a local singer from Darwin is related to Anisha Ambrose.

## Filmography

* All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.
| Year | Title | Role | Language | Notes |
| 2013 | Alias Janaki | Chaitra | Telugu | |
| 2013 | Pawan Kalyan Premalo Padadu | Swetha | Telugu | Short film |
| 2015 | Gopala Gopala | Journalist | Telugu | Cameo appearance |
| 2015 | A 2nd Hand Lover | Anjali | Kannada | |
| 2016 | Run | Amulya | Telugu | |
| 2016 | Karvva | Amrutha | Kannada | Nominated: IIFA Best Actress |
| 2016 | Manamantha | Aira | Telugu |
| 2017 | Fashion Designer s/o Ladies Tailor | Mahalakshmi | Telugu | |
| 2017 | Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi | Shreya | Telugu | Cameo appearance |
| 2017 | Okkadu Migiladu | Swarna | Telugu | |
| 2018 | Ee Nagaraniki Emaindi | Shirley | Telugu | |
| 2018 | Vanjagar Ulagam | Samyuktha | Tamil | |
| 2019 | Seven | Jenny | Telugu Tamil |
| 2024 | Viswam | Meera | Telugu | Cameo appearance |
# Peder Månsson

Peder Månsson (c.1460 – 17 May 1534) was a Swedish author and prelate who served as the Bishop of Västerås from 1524 till 1534.

## Biography

Månsson was born around the year 1460 in Jönköping, Småland, Sweden. His name is first documented in 1499 as being a chaplain and school rector in Vadstena. He was ordained a priest as a Bridgettine monk in Vadstena Abbey. In 1507 he went to Rome to seek permission to rebuild the Santa Brigida convent and church, which had been left falling apart. After three years Månsson's efforts managed to restore the building and in 1513 founded a church on the site and transferred the ownership to Vadstena Abbey. Månsson remained in Rome and became director of the monastery in Rome.
Månsson was appointed Bishop of Västerås in 1524 by Pope Clement VII. He was consecrated in Rome on 1 May 1524 by the Pope's Master of ceremonies and Bishop of Pesaro, Paris de Grassis. Through Månsson's consecration, the apostolic succession was retained in the Church of Sweden when he consecrated the Archbishop of Uppsala Laurentius Petri, the first Lutheran archbishop. Nevertheless, Peder was an opponent of the Protestant Reformation. He retained his post in Västerås till his death on 17 May 1534.
# Krouzian-Zekarian-Vasbouragan Armenian School

Krouzian-Zekarian-Vasbouragan Armenian School (Armenian: Գռուզեան-Զաքարեան-Վասպուրական Ազգային վարժարան) is a bi-lingual private K-8 school in San Francisco, California.
The school is the only Armenian school in the San Francisco Bay Area. St. Gregory the Illuminator Armenian Apostolic Church established it in 1980. The primary school opened with grades preschool through one in September; the building construction had finished the previous month. Initially 34 children were enrolled as students. From August 1985 until 1986 Phase II, which added a second floor, was under construction. Hratch Tarpinian donated the funds used to establish the middle school component, called Vasbouragan Middle School. As of 2022 the school had 122 students, with 35 of them in preschool. The school is one of the oldest bilingual schools in the Bay Area and is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and has numerous award winning teachers.
Graduates of the school often feed into the best and most competitive high schools in the Bay Area, and attend universities such as Stanford, UCLA, UC Berkeley, UC San Diego, UC Davis, New York University, Harvard, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Chapman, Loyola Marymount, UC Irvine, UC Santa Barbara, Johns Hopkins, University of Chicago and others. The alumni are a tightly knit group of professionals who often continue to support the school while sending their own children there. The school has had numerous guest visitors, including Coach Steve Kerr of the Warriors who was honored at the school's banquet.
The preschool is currently called the Ovsanna Misserlian preschool, and works by the motto "we learn as we play." Students study a standards based education with numerous extra curricular activities.
The school is named after its founders Mr. Krikor Krouzian, Mr. Carl Zekarian, and Mr. Hratch Tarpinian (who chose to name the school after his birthplace, Van-Vasbouragan, hence the name Krouzian-Zekarian-Vasbouragan Armenian School. The preschool is called the Ovsanna Misserlian Armenian Preschool.

## Victim of Global Attacks

KZV became a target for hate crimes as a part of numerous global attacks on Armenians. On July 24, 2020, the Armenian school was vandalized, reported to be incited by the Azerbaijani government. The school's alumni turned this hate crime into an opportunity for unity and stood together. They raised their flag high, danced for peace and covered the front of the school with a banner that read, "Armenians stand against hate."
Two months after it was vandalized, on September 19, 2020, the school's sign was shot at. Officers have been patrolling the area since the anti-Armenian graffiti, but no suspects were located and there were no injuries reported.
# Memnon of Ephesus

Memnon was metropolitan bishop of Ephesus during the third ecumenical council.

## At the Council of Ephesus

At the Council he was a supporter of Cyril of Alexandria. Delays in the opening of the council were blamed by Nestorius on Memnon.
Memnon hosted the second session of the Council in his episcopal palace and at the fourth session Cyril and Memnon presented a formal protest against John of Antioch for convening a separate conciliabulum, which condemned both of them.

## Bassianus

Reportedly out of jealousy, Memnon sought to get rid of Bassianus, a priest under him, by ordaining him to the bishopric of Evaza. Bassianus refused the position and in 444 became, by an irregular process, Memnon's second successor.
# Rombaken

Rombaken (Norwegian) or Ruoppat (Northern Sami) (or unofficially: Rombaksfjord) is a fjord that branches off of the main Ofotfjorden in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The fjord is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long and is surrounded by steep mountains, and the town of Narvik lies on the south shore of the mouth of the fjord. The European route E06 and European route E10 highways run along the northern shores of the fjord. The fjord has two bridge crossings: the Hålogaland Bridge, completed in 2018, crosses at the mouth of the Rombaken fjord and the Rombak Bridge, which crosses at a narrow point about mid-way down the fjord.

## History

Along the inner part of the fjord, there used to be a city—Rombaksbotn [no]—with 700 inhabitants. It had its time of greatness during the construction of the Ofotbanen between 1898 and 1903.

### World War II

Rombaken was the site of several naval battles during the Battle of Narvik in World War II. Ten German destroyers, half the destroyer force of the Kriegsmarine, and one U-boat were sunk during the battle. It is also where ORP Grom, one of the two most heavily armed and fastest destroyers of World War II, was sunk by a Heinkel He 11 from Luftwaffe's Kampfgeschwader 100.

### After World War II

Parts of the bow of the German destroyer Georg Thiele remain visible above the water in Rombaksbotn to this day. The wrecks at Narvik remain popular diving spots, although some are off-limits because they still contain unexploded ordnance. The destroyers Anton Schmitt, Diether von Roeder and Wilhelm Heidkamp rest in 12 m (39 ft) of water there and were opened for diving. Several other wrecks are accessible, too, but most have been preserved as historic sites, and it is forbidden to dive into them.

## Media gallery

* Part of Rombaken
* The Rombak Bridge is a suspension bridge over the fjord.
* The German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim, beached and scuttled at Rombaken during the Second Naval Battle of Narvik during World War II
# Ronnie Gafney

Ronnie Gafney (Hebrew: רוני גפני; born March 11, 1980) is an American-born Israeli footballer.
Though born in the United States, his family moved back to Israel in 1988 where he started to play organized football. His developmental years were spent at Maccabi Tel Aviv, where he made his professional debut during the 1998–99 season in a match against Hapoel Tzafririm Holon. Though he could not break the first team on a regular basis as Dedi Ben Dayan was just coming into his own, so Gafni headed to Hapoel Petah Tikva where he languished on the bench. His move to Bnei Yehuda gave him playing time, and he even scored a game-winning goal in the 2002–03 season against his future club Beitar Jerusalem. Eventually he was recognized as being one of the best left backs in all of Israel at that time. He was rewarded with an appearance at the end of the Avraham Grant send off game versus Denmark.

## Honours

* Israeli Premier League (2):
** 2006-07
** 2008-09
# Sam Wise

Samuel Washington Wise (August 18, 1857 – January 22, 1910) was an American professional baseball player. He played all or part of twelve seasons in Major League Baseball from 1881 to 1893, most often as either a shortstop or second baseman. He played for the Detroit Wolverines, Boston Red Caps (and later Beaneaters), and Washington Senators in the National League, the Baltimore Orioles in the American Association, and the Players' League Buffalo Bisons.

## Early life

Wise was born in Akron, Ohio, to two Pennsylvania natives, Samuel Wise and the former Sarah Weary.

## Career

Wise played semi-pro baseball in 1880 and 1881 for an Akron team organized by Charlie Morton, where his teammates included future major-league stars such as Bid McPhee and Tony Mullane. He played in a single NL game for the 1881 Detroit Wolverines. In 1882, Wise ended up signing with both the NL's Boston Red Caps and the American Association's Cincinnati Red Stockings. When the Red Stockings unsuccessfully sued the Red Caps, it marked the first American court case involving professional baseball.
Playing for Boston through 1888, Wise was mostly a left-handed hitter, but he sometimes batted right-handed on a whim. He became the first 100-strikeout hitter in the major leagues in 1884, and he was often erratic on defense, especially when throwing to first base. He sustained an injury in 1886, requiring a move to first base, and he had off-and-on arm difficulties for the rest of his career. Still, he had a stellar offensive season in 1887, hitting .334.
Wise spent 1889 with the Washington Nationals, but that team left the NL after the season, and most of its players went to the Buffalo Bisons of the Players' League (PL) in 1890. The PL lasted only one year and Wise was only in the major leagues until 1893.
Wise concluded his playing career by spending six seasons in the minor leagues, mostly with the Eastern League's team in Buffalo; the squad was managed by Morton. After retiring as a player, Wise worked for the Diamond Tire and Rubber Company and was a businessman in Buffalo for a short time before coming home to Akron. He umpired in the Ohio–Pennsylvania League, a minor league run by Morton.

## Personal life

In 1885 Samuel W. Wise fathered a son in Boston, MA with Irish-born Ellen McKenna. The child was named Samuel Henry Wise, but his name was revised on the birth record to John Francis Wise. John F. Wise became a Boston policeman in 1913 and participated in the 1919 Boston Police Strike. In 1887, Wise married the former Lizzie O'Neill of Utica, New York. He was known as a womanizer even after his marriage. Wise and Lizzie O'Neill had one child.

## Death

Wise was said to have sought medical treatments for appendicitis "for a long time". In January 1910, he became so ill that physicians recommended that he come to the hospital for surgery. The procedure was described as successful, but the Akron Beacon Journal said that "the after effects were worse than expected." Wise died at home on January 22 shortly after telling his wife that he had tried to be brave in fighting the illness.