OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Left-right planarity test

In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the left-right planarity test or de Fraysseix–Rosenstiehl planarity criterion is a characterization of planar graphs based on the properties of the depth-first search trees, published by de Fraysseix and Rosenstiehl (1982, 1985) and used by them with Patrice Ossona de Mendez to develop a linear time planarity testing algorithm. In a 2003 experimental comparison of six planarity testing algorithms, this was one of the fastest algorithms tested.

## T-alike and T-opposite edges

For any depth-first search of a graph G, the edges encountered when discovering a vertex for the first time define a depth-first search tree T of G. This is a Trémaux tree, meaning that the remaining edges (the cotree) each connect a pair of vertices that are related to each other as an ancestor and descendant in T. Three types of patterns can be used to define two relations between pairs of cotree edges, named the T-alike and T-opposite relations.
In the following figures, simple circle nodes represent vertices, double circle nodes represent subtrees, twisted segments represent tree paths, and curved arcs represent cotree edges. The root of each tree is shown at the bottom of the figure. In the first figure, the edges labeled $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are T-alike, meaning that, at the endpoints nearest the root of the tree, they will both be on the same side of the tree in every planar drawing. In the next two figures, the edges with the same labels are T-opposite, meaning that they will be on different sides of the tree in every planar drawing.
| $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are T-alike | $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are T-opposite | $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are T-opposite |

## The characterization

Let G be a graph and let T be a Trémaux tree of G. The graph G is planar if and only if there exists a partition of the cotree edges of G into two classes so that any two edges belong to the same class if they are T-alike and any two edges belong to different classes if they are T-opposite.
This characterization immediately leads to an (inefficient) planarity test: determine for all pairs of edges whether they are T-alike or T-opposite, form an auxiliary graph that has a vertex for each connected component of T-alike edges and an edge for each pair of T-opposite edges, and check whether this auxiliary graph is bipartite. Making this algorithm efficient involves finding a subset of the T-alike and T-opposite pairs that is sufficient to carry out this method without determining the relation between all edge pairs in the input graph.
# Sober (Bad Wolves song)

"Sober" is a song by American rock band Bad Wolves. It was their second single off of their second studio album N.A.T.I.O.N.. It topped the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart for two weeks in June 2020.

## Background

The song was released in January 2020, as the second single from their third album, N.A.T.I.O.N., with a music video being released at the same time. The video features frontman Tommy Vext at an addiction recovery meeting. Vext had previously suffered from addiction, and had affected his role in bands he performed with in the past. The song will also be on the soundtrack for the film Sno Babies, a feature film scheduled for late 2020 release that depicts two girl's struggle with opiate addiction.
The song was the band's fifth song in a row to top the active rock chart, and their fourth to top the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart. The song also made the band be the first to have two different songs top the latter chart, with "Killing Me Slowly" topping earlier in the year. Sober stayed atop of the chart for two weeks.

## Themes and composition

Lyrically, the song addresses alcohol addiction from multiple perspectives; from the one suffering from it, and from the people who are affected by it second-hand. Vext stated that he aspired to write about addiction from a different perspective than it typically is in modern music, stating:
   The message is very different from traditional songs that seem to always perpetuate a mentality of self-victimization, which is exactly the kind of misguidedthinking that perpetuates the mental obsessive side of alcoholism and addiction. In the end, the moral of the story is about holding on to not giving up on ourselves or the people who are trying - who are really really trying to make and better themselves.
Vext states that the song also fits into N.A.T.I.O.N.'s larger message of support, inclusion, and anti-suicide, while Loudwire interpreted its lyrics to be about "relationship fragility".
Billboard described the song's sound as a "metal ballad", while Loudwire described it as a "mid-tempo, radio ready rock track". The track primarily plays out on an acoustic guitar and "clap-along beat", with an electric guitar solo at the bridge, and an uplifting tonal shift in the song's final chorus.

## Personnel

* Tommy Vext – lead vocals
* Doc Coyle – lead guitar, backing vocals
* Chris Cain – rhythm guitar
* Kyle Konkiel – bass guitar, backing vocals
* John Boecklin – drums

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100) | 6 |
| Czech Republic Rock (IFPI) | 1 |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 1 |
# Al Fashir University

Al Fashir University is a public university in al-Fashir, the capital city of North Darfur, Sudan.

## Foundation

The university was created in 1990 by decree of President Omar Hassan Ahmed Bashir, and was officially opened in February 1991 in premises west of al-Fashir airport and South of the al-Fashir school.

## Teaching

There were 11,671 students enrolled in 2011, with 199 faculty members and 243 staff and technical assistants. It is a member of the Association of African Universities.

## Research
### Conflict analysis

In December 2004 a conference was held to discuss the effect of environmental degradation in causing conflict in Darfur. Faculty and students of the universities of Zalingei, al-Fashir and Nyala presented the findings of their research. They made recommendations that included closer cooperation between the UN and local universities, joint research projects and collaborative workshops.

### Human Rights Knowledge Centre

On 28 October 2019, the Minister of Welfare and Social Development, Lena el-Sheikh Mahjoub, and the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, Amina J. Mohammed, opened the Human Rights Knowledge Centre at al-Fashir University, as a cooperative project between the university and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The new centre is affiliated with the university's Faculty of Sharia and Law.

## Police repression

In October 2010 five students of the university loyal to the Sudan Liberation Movement led by Minni Minawi were arrested by police and were severely beaten before being released on bail. One of them was taken to the hospital for treatment of his injuries. In March 2011 two students were shot dead by police at the university, one from a range of less than one metre. They had been disobeying university authorities and participating in a political rally.
# Ron Piché

Ronald Jacques Piché (May 22, 1935 – February 3, 2011) was a Canadian professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Braves, Los Angeles Angels and St. Louis Cardinals. A native of Verdun, Quebec, he threw and batted right-handed and was listed as 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 165 pounds (75 kg).

## Biography

Piché's professional pitching career lasted for 17 seasons between 1955 and 1972 (sitting out the 1971 campaign), and included 134 games played in the majors. Only in 1963, when he worked in 37 games for Braves, all but one of them out of the bullpen, did he spend a full campaign at the major league level. All told, Piché had a 10–16 win–loss record with 12 saves. Although he started only 11 of his 134 career MLB games pitched, he threw three complete games. In 221+1⁄3 innings pitched, he allowed 216 hits and 123 bases on balls, with 157 strikeouts, while posting a career 4.19 earned run average (ERA).
Piché appeared in 500 minor league baseball games, compiling a 130–65 career record (.667 winning percentage) with an ERA of 2.96. After retiring from the mound, he served in the Montreal Expos organization as a minor league coach, an administrator in their ticket office, and as the Expos' bullpen coach in 1976 under managers Karl Kuehl and Charlie Fox.
One of Piché's best days in the major leagues occurred on May 30, 1962. He was the starting pitcher for the Braves in the first game of a doubleheader against the Cincinnati Reds. He pitched a complete game, allowing six hits, and also got his first and only major league hit. In the last of the fourth inning, with two outs and runners on first and second, he hit a single to shortstop Leo Cárdenas, driving in two runs and reaching second on an error by Cárdenas. The Braves won the game, 4–3.
During his time in the major leagues, Piché was a teammate of at least eight National Baseball Hall of Fame players: Hank Aaron, Eddie Mathews, Red Schoendienst, Warren Spahn, Lou Brock, Steve Carlton, Orlando Cepeda and Bob Gibson.
Piché was also a volunteer firefighter with the Montreal Auxiliary Firemen. He was inducted to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988. He died of cancer on February 3, 2011, at age 75.
# Jelena Despotović

Jelena Radivojević, née Despotović (born 30 April 1994) is a Montenegrin handball player for Budućnost Podgorica and the Montenegrin national team.
She won the EHF Champions League trophy with Budućnost in the 2014–15 season.

## Personal life

Her partner is Bogdan Radivojević handball player. Their daughter Helena was born in August 2022.
# Pipi (footballer, born 1915)

Serafim Pinto Ribeiro Júnior (10 December 1915 – 4 July 2001), known as Pipi, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward. He made three appearances for the Brazil national team in 1942. He was also part of Brazil's squad for the 1942 South American Championship.
# Raj Bhavsar

Stephen Raj Bhavsar (born September 7, 1980) is an American artistic gymnast. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team and competed at the 2001 and 2003 World Championships U.S. team. He earned a bronze medal as a member of the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team. He was originally an alternate but was named to the team following the injury withdrawal of Paul Hamm. At the Games, Bhavsar earned a bronze medal with the U.S. team in Artistic Gymnastics with teammates Alexander Artemev, Joey Hagerty, Jonathan Horton, Justin Spring, and Kai Wen Tan. He was a contender for the 2004 Olympic Team and was named as an alternate.

## Early life and education

Raj Bhavsar is a Gujarati. He is the son of Jyotindra and Surekha Bhavsar. His father is from Vadodara, Gujarat, and his mother was born in Kampala, Uganda but educated in Gujarat. He was born in Houston. He was raised in Greater Houston and attended Bear Creek Elementary, Wolfe Elementary, Mayde Creek Junior High, and Mayde Creek High School. During this time he trained at Cypress Academy of Gymnastics under his coach Bill Foster.

## Gymnastics career

Bhavsar was a member of the United States team at the 2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and won a silver medal for the team all-around. He won a second silver medal for the team all-around at the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
At the 2004 Olympic Trials, he was in contention for the U.S. Olympic Team. He was named as an alternate. In 2004 he was first in the rings in the trials, and fourth overall in the national championships, yet was passed over. In 2008 he was third in the Olympic trials and the Visa Championships and again wound up an alternate to the 6-man team. This was because his strongest events overlapped with those of Paul Hamm and Morgan Hamm, and the team needed gymnasts who were stronger in other disciplines. After Paul Hamm was injured, Bhavsar was selected for the team and earned a bronze medal.
He attended Ohio State University and won the NCAA title with the Ohio State Buckeyes men's gymnastics team. He won the All-Around at the 2002 NCAA Championships.

## Personal life

After achieving his goals as an Olympic gymnast, in 2010 Bhavsar started working for Cirque du Soleil as an artist for their performance show Iris which debuted in July 2011. His cousin, Akash Modi, was also a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team.

## Eponymous skills

Bhavsar currently has one named element on the parallel bars and one formerly named element on the rings.
Gymnastics elements named after Raj Bhavsar :
| Apparatus | Name | Description | Difficulty | Added to Code of Points |
| Parallel bars | Bhavsar | "Swing forward, straddle cut backward, and regrasp with straight body at horizontal." | E, 0.5 | 2009. Performed at the 2009 Moscow World Stars |
| Rings | Bhavsar | "Pull with straight body and arms through moment. front lever to swallow (2s.)." | Removed from CoP on December 31, 2021. | 2001 |
* ↑ Valid for the 2025–2028 Code of Points
# 2012 Anchorage mayoral election

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
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The 2012 Anchorage mayoral election was held on April 20, 2012, to elect the mayor of Anchorage, Alaska. It saw reelection of incumbent mayor Dan Sullivan.
Since Sullivan obtained a 45% plurality in the initial round, no runoff was necessitated.

## Results

Results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | Dan Sullivan (incumbent) | 40,871 | 58.68 |
| | Nonpartisan | Paul Honeman | 26,896 | 38.61 |
| | Nonpartisan | Jacob Seth Kern | 473 | 0.68 |
| | Nonpartisan | Bruce J. Lemke | 348 | 0.50 |
| | Nonpartisan | Phil Isley | 333 | 0.48 |
| | Nonpartisan | Bob Lupo | 323 | 0.46 |
| | Write-in | Write-ins | 411 | 0.59 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 69,655 | 35.09 |
# Sir Edward Mountain, 4th Baronet

Sir Edward Brian Stanford Mountain, 4th Baronet (born 19 March 1961) is a Scottish Conservative politician who has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Highlands and Islands region since 2016.

## Early life

Mountain was commissioned into the Blues and Royals regiment of the British Army from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in October 1981. His military service took him to Uganda, Canada, Spain, Cyprus, Germany, and Egypt. He left in 1992 and continued to serve as a reservist for six years.
In 1997, Mountain left the army reserve, having become a chartered surveyor. By 2006 he was a senior partner in a firm based in Inverness. The following year, he returned to farming. The Mountain family owns estates in Hampshire and in Strathspey.
In the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, Mountain stood in the Caithness, Sutherland and Ross constituency, where he finished fourth. At the 2015 United Kingdom general election he stood unsuccessfully in Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey.

## Member of the Scottish Parliament

In the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, Mountain stood as the Conservative candidate for Inverness and Nairn, coming second to Fergus Ewing. Although he failed to win that seat, he was nevertheless elected as an additional member of the Scottish Parliament for the Highlands and Islands region. In the 5th Scottish Parliament, he was the Scottish Conservatives' spokesperson for land reform.
In the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, Mountain retained his seat as a regional member. He serves as the Convener of the Parliament's Net Zero, Energy and Transport Committee.
On 27 February 2025, he announced he would stand down at the 2026 Scottish Parliament election.

## Personal life

In June 1987, Mountain's engagement to Charlotte Sarah Jesson Pownall, daughter of Henry Pownall, was announced, and they were married on 24 October 1987.

## Heraldic achievement

Coat of arms of Sir Edward Mountain, 4th Baronet :
* CrestIssuant from the battlements of a tower Proper a demi lion guardant Argent holding between the paws an escallop Gules.
* EscutcheonErmine on a fess Azure between three lions rampant guardant Sable each holding between the forepaws an escallop Gules three cross crosslets Argent.
* MottoCum cruce salus.
* BadgeAn ivy leaf and a maple leaf slipped in saltire Proper enfiled by a circlet Or.
# Ethan Small

Ethan Robert Small (born February 14, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers.

## Amateur career

Small attended Lexington High School in Lexington, Tennessee. He was not drafted out of high school in the 2015 Major League Baseball draft, thus enrolling at Mississippi State University.
As a freshman at Mississippi State in 2016, Small pitched only ten innings. After the season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League. After his freshman campaign, he underwent Tommy John surgery and missed all of 2017. He returned as a redshirt sophomore in 2018, starting 18 games, going 5–4 with a 3.20 earned run average (ERA). In 2019, Small went 10–2 with a 1.93 ERA in 18 starts, striking out 176 batters in 107 innings, and was named the SEC Pitcher of the Year. He won the 2019 National Pitcher of the Year Award.

## Professional career
### Milwaukee Brewers

The Milwaukee Brewers selected Small in the first round, with the 28th overall selection, of the 2019 Major League Baseball draft. He signed for $1.8 million. He made his professional debut with the Arizona League Brewers, and, after two games, was promoted to the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers. Over seven starts between the two teams, he went 0–2 with a 0.86 ERA, striking out 36 over 21 innings. He did not play a minor league game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the season.
Small began the 2021 season with the Biloxi Shuckers and was promoted to the Nashville Sounds during the season. That June, he was selected to play in the All-Star Futures Game. Over 18 starts in 2021, Small went 4–2 with a 1.98 ERA and 92 strikeouts over 77+1⁄3 innings.
Small was assigned to Triple-A Nashville to begin the 2022 season. On May 30, 2022, Small was selected to the 40-man roster and promoted to the major leagues for the first time to make a spot start against the Chicago Cubs.
Small was optioned to Triple-A Nashville to begin the 2023 season. He made two major league appearances for Milwaukee on the year, struggling to an 11.25 ERA with 6 strikeouts across 4.0 innings of work. On February 1, 2024, Small was designated for assignment by the Brewers.

### San Francisco Giants

On February 5, 2024, the Brewers traded Small to the San Francisco Giants in exchange for cash considerations. He was placed on the 60–day injured list to begin the season after suffering a moderate right oblique strain. Small was activated from the injured list on August 16 and was subsequently optioned to the Triple–A Sacramento River Cats. On November 22, the Giants non–tendered Small, making him a free agent.
On December 5, 2024, Small re–signed with the Giants organization on a minor league contract.

## Pitching style

Small features a lively low- to mid-90 mph fastball—scouts often described it as a "rising" fastball—a curveball and changeup. He has been known to vary his windup timing on his pitches, to give him an advantage over hitters, similar to pitchers such as Marcus Stroman and Johnny Cueto.
# Dé (footballer, born 1998)

Cledson Carvalho da Silva (born 6 February 1998), known as Dé, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for I-League club Namdhari.
# Mintlaw Academy

Mintlaw Academy is a secondary school in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

## History

The school opened in 1981 with about 600 enrolled students and a capacity of 1,000. By August 2003, it had about 920 enrolled students. The rector is Linda Duthie . The school serves the rural communities of Central Buchan and draws pupils from the villages of Mintlaw, Fetterangus, Longside, Maud, New Deer, New Pitsligo, Strichen, Auchnagatt, Stuartfield and the surrounding area.
At Mintlaw Academy there are four houses. Brucklay (named after Brucklay estate between Maud and New Deer), Deer (named after Deer Abbey a few miles from the school), Mormond (named after Mormond Hill near Strichen) and Ugie (named after the river Ugie flowing past Mintlaw). There used to be another house, Aden, (named after Aden Country Park) though this house was stopped due to a falling roll at the end of the 2008–2009 school year.

## Community School Network

In addition to Mintlaw Academy, the Mintlaw Community School Network consists of Auchnagatt Primary School, Fetterangus Primary School, Kininmonth Primary School, Longside Primary School, Maud Primary School, Mintlaw Primary School, New Deer Primary School, New Pitsligo & St John's School, Pitfour Primary School, Strichen Primary School and Stuartfield Primary School.

## Former pupils

* Kim Little – international footballer
* Nikki Kidd – international field hockey player
* LXC (Luke Cooper) – DJ and producer
* Brad Morrison – actor known for ITV's Grace.