# Wisconsin's 1st congressional district

Wisconsin's 1st congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in southeastern Wisconsin, covering Kenosha County, Racine County, and most of Walworth County, as well as portions of Rock County and Milwaukee County. The district's current Representative is Republican Bryan Steil.
Among the district's previous representatives are U.S. Secretary of Defense Les Aspin and Speaker of the House and 2012 Vice Presidential-nominee Paul Ryan.
A slightly Republican-leaning district, it was carried by George W. Bush in 2004 with 53%; the district voted for Barack Obama over John McCain in 2008, 51.40–47.45% and the district voted for Mitt Romney over Barack Obama in 2012, 52.12%–47.88%. It stayed Republican in 2016, with a plurality of voters polling for Donald Trump.

## Composition

For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties, towns, and municipalities:
Kenosha County (13)
    All 13 towns and municipalities
Milwaukee County (7)
    Cudahy, Franklin, Greendale, Hales Corners, Oak Creek, South Milwaukee, St. Francis.
Racine County (17)
    All 17 towns and municipalities
Rock County (15)
    Beloit (city) (part; also 2nd), Beloit (town) (part; also 2nd) Bradford, Clinton (town), Clinton (village), Janesville (city) (part; also 2nd), Janesville (town) (part; also 2nd), Johnstown, La Prairie (part; also 2nd), Lima, Milton (city), Milton (town), Rock (part; also 2nd), Turtle (part; also 2nd)
Walworth County (26)
    Bloomfield, Darien (town), Darien (village), Delavan (city), Delavan (town), East Troy (part; also 5th), Elkhorn, Geneva, Genoa City (shared with Kenosha County), Fontana-on-Geneva Lake, Lafayette, Lake Geneva, La Grange, Linn, Lyons, Richmond, Sharon (town), Sharon (village), Spring Prairie, Sugar Creek, Troy, Walworth (town), Walworth (village), Whitewater (city) (part; also 5th; shared with Jefferson County), Whitewater (town), Williams Bay.

## Recent election results from statewide races

Currently, it is a swing district that leans Republican, although it was redrawn to be more Democratic-leaning in 2022.
| Year | Office | Results |
| 2008 | President | Obama 55% - 44% |
| 2010 | Senate | Johnson 55% - 44% |
| 2010 | Governor | Walker 55% - 44% |
| 2010 | Secretary of State | King 50% - 49% |
| 2010 | Attorney General | Van Hollen 60% - 40% |
| 2010 | Treasurer | Schuller 55% - 44% |
| 2012 | President | Obama 53% - 47% |
| 2012 | Senate | Baldwin 51% - 46% |
| 2012 | Governor (Recall) | Walker 53% - 46% |
| 2014 | Governor | Walker 54% - 45% |
| 2014 | Secretary of State | La Follette 48.3% - 48.0% |
| 2014 | Attorney General | Schimel 53% - 44% |
| 2014 | Treasurer | Adamczyk 51% - 43% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 48% - 46% |
| 2016 | Senate | Johnson 51% - 46% |
| 2018 | Senate | Baldwin 54% - 46% |
| 2018 | Governor | Walker 49% - 48% |
| 2018 | Secretary of State | La Follette 52% - 48% |
| 2018 | Attorney General | Schimel 50% - 48% |
| 2018 | Treasurer | Godlewski 50% - 47% |
| 2020 | President | Trump 50% - 48% |
| 2022 | Senate | Johnson 52% - 48% |
| 2022 | Governor | Michels 49.5% - 49.3% |
| 2022 | Secretary of State | Loudenbeck 50% - 46% |
| 2022 | Attorney General | Toney 51% - 49% |
| 2022 | Treasurer | Leiber 51% - 46% |
| 2024 | President | Trump 51% - 47% |
| 2024 | Senate | Hovde 50% - 47% |

## List of members representing the district

| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District |
| District established June 5, 1848 ||||||
| William Pitt Lynde (Milwaukee) | Democratic | June 5, 1848 – March 3, 1849 | 30th | Elected to the short term in 1848. Lost re-election. | Green, Jefferson, Milwaukee, Racine, Rock, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Charles Durkee (Kenosha) | Free Soil | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853 | 31st 32nd | Elected to the regular term in 1848. Re-elected in 1850. Retired. | Milwaukee, Racine, Walworth, & Waukesha counties (& Kenosha—created in 1850 from Racine) |
| Daniel Wells Jr. (Milwaukee) | Democratic | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1857 | 33rd 34th | Elected in 1852. Re-elected in 1854. Retired. | Milwaukee, Racine, Walworth, & Waukesha counties (& Kenosha—created in 1850 from Racine) |
| John F. Potter (East Troy) | Republican | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863 | 35th 36th 37th | Elected in 1856. Re-elected in 1858. Re-elected in 1860. Lost re-election. | Milwaukee, Racine, Walworth, & Waukesha counties (& Kenosha—created in 1850 from Racine) |
| James S. Brown (Milwaukee) | Democratic | March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865 | 38th | Elected in 1862. Withdrew from re-election. | Kenosha, Milwaukee, Racine, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Halbert E. Paine (Milwaukee) | Republican | March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1871 | 39th 40th 41st | Elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. Re-elected in 1868. Retired. | Kenosha, Milwaukee, Racine, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Alexander Mitchell (Milwaukee) | Democratic | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873 | 42nd | Elected in 1870. Redistricted to the 4th district. | Kenosha, Milwaukee, Racine, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Charles G. Williams (Janesville) | Republican | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1883 | 43rd 44th 45th 46th 47th | Elected in 1872. Re-elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Lost re-election. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| John Winans (Janesville) | Democratic | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885 | 48th | Elected in 1882. Retired to run for mayor of Janesville. | Jefferson, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Lucien B. Caswell (Fort Atkinson) | Republican | March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1891 | 49th 50th 51st | Elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Lost renomination. | Jefferson, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Clinton Babbitt (Beloit) | Democratic | March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893 | 52nd | Elected in 1890. Lost re-election. | Jefferson, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Henry Allen Cooper (Racine) | Republican | March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1919 | 53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th | Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Lost renomination and lost re-election as an independent. | Green, Kenosha, Lafayette, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Henry Allen Cooper (Racine) | Republican | March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1919 | 53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th | Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Lost renomination and lost re-election as an independent. | Green, Kenosha, Lafayette, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Henry Allen Cooper (Racine) | Republican | March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1919 | 53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th | Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Lost renomination and lost re-election as an independent. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Clifford E. Randall (Kenosha) | Republican | March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1921 | 66th | Elected in 1918. Lost renomination. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Henry Allen Cooper (Racine) | Republican | March 4, 1921 – March 1, 1931 | 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st | Elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930 but died before next term began. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Vacant | Vacant | March 1, 1931 – October 13, 1931 | 71st 72nd | | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| Thomas Ryum Amlie (Elkhorn) | Republican | October 13, 1931 – March 3, 1933 | 72nd | Elected to finish Cooper's term. Lost renomination. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, Walworth, & Waukesha counties |
| George Washington Blanchard (Edgerton) | Republican | March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935 | 73rd | Elected in 1932. Renominated but withdrew prior to election. | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Thomas Ryum Amlie (Elkhorn) | Progressive | January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1939 | 74th 75th | Elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Stephen Bolles (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 1939 – July 8, 1941 | 76th 77th | Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Died. | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Vacant | Vacant | July 8, 1941 – August 29, 1941 | 77th | | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Lawrence H. Smith (Racine) | Republican | August 29, 1941 – January 22, 1958 | 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th | Elected to finish Bolles's term. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Died. | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Vacant | Vacant | January 22, 1958 – January 3, 1959 | 85th | | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Gerald T. Flynn (Racine) | Democratic | January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1961 | 86th | Elected in 1958. Lost re-election. | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Henry C. Schadeberg (Burlington) | Republican | January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1965 | 87th 88th | Elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Lost re-election. | Green, Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Lynn E. Stalbaum (Racine) | Democratic | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1967 | 89th | Elected in 1964. Lost re-election. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Henry C. Schadeberg (Burlington) | Republican | January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971 | 90th 91st | Elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Lost re-election. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Les Aspin (East Troy) | Democratic | January 3, 1971 – January 20, 1993 | 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd | Elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of Defense. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties |
| Les Aspin (East Troy) | Democratic | January 3, 1971 – January 20, 1993 | 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd | Elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of Defense. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties & eastern Green County & part of Jefferson County Green County Town of Albany Town of Spring Grove Village of Albany City of Brodhead Jefferson County City of Whitewater |
| Les Aspin (East Troy) | Democratic | January 3, 1971 – January 20, 1993 | 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd | Elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of Defense. | Kenosha, Racine, Rock, & Walworth counties & eastern Green County & part of Jefferson County Green County Town of Albany Town of Brooklyn Town of Cadiz Town of Clarno Town of Decatur Town of Exeter Town of Jefferson Town of Mt. Pleasant Town of Spring Grove Village of Albany Village of Browntown Village of Monticello City of Brodhead Jefferson County City of Whitewater |
| Vacant | Vacant | January 20, 1993 – May 4, 1993 | 103rd | | 1993–2003 |
| Peter W. Barca (Kenosha) | Democratic | May 4, 1993 – January 3, 1995 | 103rd | Elected to finish Aspin's term. Lost re-election. | 1993–2003 |
| Mark Neumann (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 1995 – January 3, 1999 | 104th 105th | Elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 1993–2003 |
| Paul Ryan (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 1999 – January 3, 2019 | 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th | Elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Retired. | 1993–2003 |
| Paul Ryan (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 1999 – January 3, 2019 | 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th | Elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Retired. | 2003–2013 |
| Paul Ryan (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 1999 – January 3, 2019 | 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th | Elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Retired. | 2013–2023 |
| Bryan Steil (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 2019 – present | 116th 117th 118th 119th | Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2013–2023 |
| Bryan Steil (Janesville) | Republican | January 3, 2019 – present | 116th 117th 118th 119th | Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2023–present |

## Electoral history
### 2002 district boundaries (2002–2011)

| Year | Date | Elected | Elected | Elected | Elected | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Total | Plurality |
| 2002 | Nov. 5 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 140,176 | 67.19% | Jeffrey C. Thomas | Dem. | 63,895 | 30.63% | 208,613 | 76,281 |
| 2002 | Nov. 5 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 140,176 | 67.19% | George Meyers | Lib. | 4,406 | 2.11% | 208,613 | 76,281 |
| 2004 | Nov. 2 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 233,372 | 65.37% | Jeffrey C. Thomas | Dem. | 116,250 | 32.57% | 356,976 | 117,122 |
| 2004 | Nov. 2 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 233,372 | 65.37% | Norman Aulabaugh | Ind. | 4,252 | 1.19% | 356,976 | 117,122 |
| 2004 | Nov. 2 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 233,372 | 65.37% | Don Bernau | Lib. | 2,936 | 0.82% | 356,976 | 117,122 |
| 2006 | Nov. 7 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 161,320 | 62.63% | Jeffrey C. Thomas | Dem. | 95,761 | 37.17% | 257,596 | 65,559 |
| 2008 | Nov. 4 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 231,009 | 63.97% | Marge Krupp | Dem. | 125,268 | 34.69% | 361,107 | 105,741 |
| 2008 | Nov. 4 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 231,009 | 63.97% | Joseph Kexel | Lib. | 4,606 | 1.28% | 361,107 | 105,741 |
| 2010 | Nov. 2 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 179,819 | 68.21% | John Heckenlively | Dem. | 79,363 | 30.10% | 263,627 | 100,456 |
| 2010 | Nov. 2 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 179,819 | 68.21% | Joseph Kexel | Lib. | 4,311 | 1.64% | 263,627 | 100,456 |

### 2011 district boundaries (2012–2021)

| Year | Date | Elected | Elected | Elected | Elected | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Total | Plurality |
| 2012 | Nov. 6 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 200,423 | 54.90% | Rob Zerban | Dem. | 158,414 | 43.39% | 365,058 | 42,009 |
| 2012 | Nov. 6 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 200,423 | 54.90% | Keith Deschler | Ind. | 6,054 | 1.66% | 365,058 | 42,009 |
| 2014 | Nov. 4 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 182,316 | 63.27% | Rob Zerban | Dem. | 105,552 | 36.63% | 288,170 | 76,764 |
| 2014 | Nov. 4 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 182,316 | 63.27% | Keith Deschler (write-in) | Ind. | 29 | 0.01% | 288,170 | 76,764 |
| 2016 | Nov. 8 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 230,072 | 64.95% | Ryan Solen | Dem. | 107,003 | 30.21% | 354,245 | 123,069 |
| 2016 | Nov. 8 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 230,072 | 64.95% | Spencer Zimmerman | Ind. | 9,429 | 2.66% | 354,245 | 123,069 |
| 2016 | Nov. 8 | Paul Ryan (inc) | Republican | 230,072 | 64.95% | Jason Lebeck | Lib. | 7,486 | 2.11% | 354,245 | 123,069 |
| 2018 | Nov. 6 | Bryan Steil | Republican | 177,492 | 54.56% | Randy Bryce | Dem. | 137,508 | 42.27% | 325,317 | 39,984 |
| 2018 | Nov. 6 | Bryan Steil | Republican | 177,492 | 54.56% | Ken Yorgan | Ind. | 10,006 | 3.08% | 325,317 | 39,984 |
| 2018 | Nov. 6 | Bryan Steil | Republican | 177,492 | 54.56% | Joseph Kexel (write-in) | Ind. | 7 | 0.00% | 325,317 | 39,984 |
| 2020 | Nov. 3 | Bryan Steil (inc) | Republican | 238,271 | 59.31% | Roger Polack | Dem. | 163,170 | 40.61% | 401,754 | 75,101 |

### 2022 district boundaries (2022–2031)

| Year | Date | Elected | Elected | Elected | Elected | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Total | Plurality |
| 2022 | Nov. 8 | Bryan Steil (inc) | Republican | 162,610 | 54.05% | Ann Roe | Dem. | 135,825 | 45.14% | 300,867 | 26,785 |
| 2022 | Nov. 8 | Bryan Steil (inc) | Republican | 162,610 | 54.05% | Charles E. Barman | Ind. | 2,247 | 0.75% | 300,867 | 26,785 |