# Martha Scott

Martha Ellen Scott (September 22, 1912 – May 28, 2003) was an American actress. She was featured in major films such as Cecil B. DeMille's The Ten Commandments (1956), and William Wyler's Ben-Hur (1959), playing the mother of Charlton Heston's character in both films. She originated the role of Emily Webb in Thornton Wilder's Our Town on Broadway in 1938 and later recreated the role in the 1940 film version, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

## Early life

Scott was born in Jamesport, Missouri, the daughter of Letha (née McKinley) and Walter Alva Scott, an engineer and garage owner. Her mother was a second cousin of U.S. President William McKinley. The Scott family remained in Jamesport until Martha was 13 years old, when they moved to Kansas City, Missouri, and eventually to Detroit, Michigan. Scott became interested in acting in high school, an interest she furthered by attending the University of Michigan, earning a teaching certificate and a bachelor of arts degree in drama in 1934.

## Career
### Stage

Scott received a career boost right out of college, when she appeared with the Globe Theatre Troupe in a series of Shakespeare productions at the Century of Progress world's fair in Chicago in 1934. Following that, she moved to New York City, where she found steady work both in stock stage productions and radio dramas. In 1938, she made her Broadway debut in the original staging of Thornton Wilder's play Our Town as Emily Webb, the tragic young woman who dies in childbirth.

### Film

Two years later, Scott reprised the role of Emily in her film debut when Our Town was made into a movie. Her critically acclaimed performance earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress.
Scott found steady movie work for the next four decades, appearing in major epics such as The Ten Commandments, Ben-Hur, The Desperate Hours, and Airport 1975. Charlton Heston was a frequent co-star with Scott on both stage and screen. As she told an interviewer in 1988, "I played his mother twice and his wife twice. I was his mother in Ben Hur and The Ten Commandments. I was his wife on the stage in New York in Design for a Stained Glass Window and The Tumbler in London."

### Producer

In 1968, Scott joined Henry Fonda and Robert Ryan in forming a theatrical production company called the Plumstead Playhouse. It later became the Plumstead Theatre Company and moved to Los Angeles. The company produced First Monday in October, both on stage and on film. Scott co-produced both versions. Her last production was Twelve Angry Men, which was performed at the Henry Fonda Theatre in Hollywood, California.

### Television

Scott began appearing in TV roles in the medium's early days. On November 2, 1950, she starred in "The Cut Glass Bowl" on The Nash Airflyte Theater, followed by several guest appearances on Robert Montgomery Presents and other shows of television's "golden age", including two episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents. This pattern of guest roles continued through the 1960s with appearances on Route 66, Ironside, and The Courtship of Eddie's Father, among others. In the mid-1950s, Scott was the narrator for Modern Romances, an afternoon program on NBC-TV.
Scott was also a frequent TV guest star in the 1970s. She had recurring roles as Bob Newhart's mother on The Bob Newhart Show, the mother of Colonel Steve Austin (Lee Majors) on both The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman, as well as Patricia Shepard, Sue Ellen and Kristin's mother on Dallas during its early years and later during the 1986 season. Scott was cast in single-episode guest appearances on several hit shows of the era, such as The Sandy Duncan Show, Columbo: Playback (1975), The Mod Squad, Marcus Welby, M.D., and The Love Boat. She played the role of Jennifer Talbot, Terri Brock's nasty grandmother, on General Hospital for six months (1986–1987), which ended when her character was murdered and stuffed in a drain pipe.
In the 1980s, she had a regular role on the short-lived series Secrets of Midland Heights and appeared in several television movies and in single episodes of shows such as Magnum, P.I., The Paper Chase, and Highway to Heaven. In the late 1980 she costarred with Jeffrey Lynn in an episode of Murder, She Wrote, which was a direct sequel to their 1949 feature film Strange Bargain. Scott's final acting role on television was in 1990 in the movie Daughter of the Streets.

## Personal life

Scott was married twice, first to radio producer and announcer Carleton William Alsop from 1940 to 1946, and then to jazz pianist and composer Mel Powell from 1946 until his death in 1998. She had one child with Alsop, son Carleton Scott Alsop, and two daughters—Mary Powell Harpel and Kathleen Powell—with her second husband.
According to her son, Scott never forgot about her childhood hometown, using the mental image of a Jamesport cemetery in preparation for her Oscar-nominated role in Our Town. Said Alsop, "She told me she used that place as her image because it's so serene and beautiful" and that her deceased McKinley and Scott relatives "became the Gibbs and the Webbs in the play".
A Democrat, she supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson during the 1952 presidential election.
Scott died on May 28, 2003, in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, aged 90, from natural causes. She was interred next to Powell in the Masonic Cemetery in her native Jamesport, Missouri.

## Honors

For her contribution in the theatre, Scott has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6126 Hollywood Boulevard.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1936 | Lloyds of London | Court room accuser | Uncredited |
| 1940 | Our Town | Emily Webb | |
| 1940 | The Howards of Virginia | Jane Peyton-Howard | |
| 1941 | Cheers for Miss Bishop | Ella Bishop | |
| 1941 | They Dare Not Love | Marta Keller | |
| 1941 | One Foot in Heaven | Hope Morris Spence | |
| 1943 | Stage Door Canteen | Martha Scott | |
| 1943 | Hi Diddle Diddle | Janie Prescott Phyffe | |
| 1943 | In Old Oklahoma | Catherine Elizabeth Allen | Alternate title: "War of the Wildcats" |
| 1947 | So Well Remembered | Olivia | |
| 1949 | Strange Bargain | Georgia Wilson | |
| 1951 | When I Grow Up | Mother Reed (1890's) | |
| 1955 | The Desperate Hours | Ellie Hilliard | |
| 1956 | The Ten Commandments | Yochabel |
| 1957 | Eighteen and Anxious | Lottie Graham | |
| 1957 | Sayonara | Mrs. Webster | |
| 1959 | Ben-Hur | Miriam | |
| 1973 | Charlotte's Web | Mrs. Arable (age 60) | Voice |
| 1974 | Airport 1975 | Sister Beatrice | |
| 1977 | The Turning Point | Adelaide | |
| 1981 | First Monday in October | | Cameo Appearance (uncredited) |
| 1988 | Doin' Time on Planet Earth | Virginia Camalier | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1950 | The Nash Airflyte Theater | | Season 1 Episode 7: "The Cut Glass Bowl" |
| 1950–1957 | Robert Montgomery Presents | Ellen Scott / Julia Brougham / Madeleine / Marietta Jackson | 5 episodes |
| 1951 | Lux Video Theatre | Esmerelda | Season 1 Episode 19: "The Choir Rehearsal" |
| 1951 | Lights Out | Phyllis | Season 3 Episode 39: "The Cat's Cradle" |
| 1951 | The Clock | | Season 3 Episode 1: "Journey Across the River" |
| 1951 | Somerset Maugham TV Theatre | Martha Jones | 2 episodes |
| 1952 | Betty Crocker Star Matinee | | Season 1 Episode 20: "Woman in His Life" |
| 1952 | Armstrong Circle Theatre | | Season 2 Episode 29: "Way of Courage" |
| 1953 | The Web | Harriet | Season 3 Episode 37: "Dear Sister" |
| 1953 | The Revlon Mirror Theater | | Season 1 Episode 2: "Salt of the Earth" |
| 1953 | Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City | | Season 1 Episode 4: "Episode #1.4" |
| 1953 | Medallion Theatre | | Season 1 Episode 9: "Scent of the Roses" |
| 1953 | Suspense | | Season 6 Episode 1: "The Sister" |
| 1954 | Center Stage | | Season 1 Episode 6: "The Desdemona Murder Case" |
| 1955 | TV Reader's Digest | Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson | Season 1 Episode 3: "Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson" |
| 1956 | Kraft Television Theatre | Joanna | Season 9 Episode 43: "Prairie Night" |
| 1956–1957 | Goodyear Television Playhouse | Kate Douglas | 2 episodes |
| 1957 | Modern Romances | Narrator | Episode: "The Misguided Man: Part 5" |
| 1958 | Matinee Theater | | Season 3 Episode 150: "The Gardenia Bush" |
| 1959 | Playhouse 90 | Mrs. Austin | Season 3 Episode 25: "A Trip to Paradise" |
| 1959 | Markham | Marie Vaughn | Season 1 Episode 19: "Grave and Present Danger" |
| 1959 | The United States Steel Hour | Grace Sullivan | Season 7 Episode 3: "Rachel's Summer" |
| 1960 | New Comedy Showcase | Kit Tyler | Season 1 Episode 1: "You're Only Young Twice" |
| 1961 | The Play of the Week | Clara | Season 2 Episode 26: "The Wooden Dish" |
| 1961–1962 | Route 66 | Helen Watson / Ruth O'Brien | 2 episodes |
| 1962 | Follow the Sun | Betty Stover | Season 1 Episode 19: "Ghost Story" |
| 1963 | The DuPont Show of the Week | Helen Adams | Season 2 Episode 11: "Two Faces of Treason" |
| 1963 | The Nurses | Edith Arnold | Season 1 Episode 26: "A Dark World" |
| 1963 | The Greatest Show on Earth | Claire Kyle | Season 1 Episode 3: "No Middle Ground for Harry Kyle" |
| 1965 | Slattery's People | Fran Stevens | Season 2 Episode 10: "Color Him Red" |
| 1967 | Cimarron Strip | Mrs. Kihlgren | Season 1 Episode 9: "The Search" |
| 1967 | The F.B.I. | Katharine Lamberth | Season 3 Episode 8: "Overload" |
| 1969 | Ironside | Francine Miller | Season 2 Episode 18: "The Prophecy" |
| 1970 | The Courtship of Eddie's Father | Grandmother | Season 1 Episode 21: "Guardian for Eddie" |
| 1970 | Paris 7000 | Amy Westerly | Season 1 Episode 9: "The Last Grand Tour" |
| 1971 | Longstreet | Louisa De Carie | Season 1 Episode 4: "So, Who's Fred Hornbeck?" |
| 1971 | Lemonade | Mabel | TV Movie |
| 1972 | Honeymoon Suite | | Season 1 Episode 0: "First Pilot" |
| 1972 | The Sandy Duncan Show | Harriet | Season 1 Episode 1: "Hooray for Harriet" |
| 1972 | The Delphi Bureau | Martha | Season 1 Episode 1: "The Deadly Little Errand" |
| 1972–1977 | The Bob Newhart Show | Mrs. Martha Hartley | 7 episodes |
| 1973 | The Devil's Daughter | Mrs. Stone | TV Movie |
| 1973 | The Mod Squad | Belle Fuller | Season 5 Episode 19: "Put Out the Welcome Mat for Death" |
| 1973 | Marcus Welby, M.D. | Mrs. Loring | Season 4 Episode 22: "The Other Martin Loring" |
| 1973 | Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law | Mildred | Season 3 Episode 8: "The Sin of Susan Gentry" |
| 1974 | Sorority Kill | House Mother | TV Movie |
| 1974 | The Man from Independence | Mamma Truman | TV Movie |
| 1974 | Police Story | Mary Ryan | Season 1 Episode 19: "Fingerprint" |
| 1974 | Thursday's Game | Mrs. Reynolds | TV Movie |
| 1974 | Murder in the First Person Singular | Mrs. Emerson | TV Movie |
| 1974 | The Wide World of Mystery | House Mother / Mrs. Emerson | 2 episodes |
| 1974 | Police Woman | Mrs. Wadsworth | Season 1 Episode 3: "Warning: All Wives" |
| 1974–1975 | The Six Million Dollar Man | Helen Elgin | 3 episodes |
| 1975 | The Abduction of Saint Anne | Mother Michael | TV Movie |
| 1975 | Columbo | Margaret Midas | Season 4 Episode 5: "Playback" |
| 1975 | The Legendary Curse of the Hope Diamond | Mumsie | TV Movie |
| 1975 | Medical Story | Miss McDonald | TV Movie |
| 1976–1977 | The Bionic Woman | Helen Elgin | 6 episodes |
| 1978 | The Word | Sarah Randall | Miniseries |
| 1979 | Charleston | Mrs. Farrell-Aunt Louisa | TV Movie |
| 1979 | Married: The First Year | Elizabeth Gorey | 2 episodes |
| 1979 | The Love Boat | Janet Latham | Season 3 Episode 6: "Gopher's Greatest Hits/The Vacation/One Rose a Day" |
| 1979–1985 | Dallas | Patricia Shepard | 10 episodes (Recurring role) |
| 1980 | Beulah Land | Penelope Pennington | Miniseries |
| 1980 | Father Figure | Hilda Wollman | TV Movie |
| 1980–1981 | Secrets of Midland Heights | Margaret Millington | Series regular |
| 1983 | Summer Girl | Martina Shelburne | TV Movie |
| 1983 | Adam | Gram Walsh | TV Movie |
| 1983 | Magnum, P.I. | Jeanie LaSalle | Season 4 Episode 5: "Limited Engagement" |
| 1984 | The Paper Chase | Marion Grey | Season 2 Episode 13: "Limits" |
| 1985–1986 | General Hospital | Jennifer Talbot | 10 episodes |
| 1985–1987 | Hotel | Estelle / Roz Campbell | 2 episodes |
| 1986 | Adam: His Song Continues | Gram Walsh | TV Movie |
| 1986 | Highway to Heaven | Laura Swann | 2 episodes |
| 1987 | Murder, She Wrote | Georgia Wilson | Season 3 Episode 21: "The Days Dwindle Down" |
| 1989 | Love and Betrayal | Ginger | TV Movie |
| 1990 | Daughter of the Streets | Sarah | TV Movie |

## Radio appearances

| Year | Program | Episode/source |
| 1941 | Philip Morris Playhouse | Made for Each Other |
| 1941 | Lux Radio Theatre | Cheers for Miss Bishop |
| 1942 | Lux Radio Theatre | One Foot in Heaven |
| 1948 | Suspense | "Crisis" |
| 1949 | The Great Gildersleeve | Birthday Party Conflicts |
| 1953 | Theatre Guild on the Air | Kate Fennigate |