OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harpax

The harpax or harpago or harpaga (Ancient Greek: ἁρπάγη, ἅρπαγα lit. "grabber, seizer, robber"; GEN ἅρπαγος harpagos) was a grappling-iron. Its name, derived from the Greek verb harpazo (ἁρπάζω), meaning "to seize" or "to snatch". It was a versatile tool used in both domestic and military contexts in ancient Greece and Rome.

## Domestic Use

In domestic life, the harpago was most commonly used as a flesh-hook or grappling-iron. This instrument was particularly useful in the kitchen, where it was employed to remove boiled meat from a cauldron. Described as resembling a hand with fingers bent inward, the harpago allowed cooks to easily lift large pieces of meat from the pot. According to the Scholiast on Aristophanes, it was “an instrument used in cookery.” Greeks also called it λύκος (meaning wolf), κρεάγρα and κρεαγρίς (both meaning "flesh-hook" or "meat hook).
A similar instrument, or even the hook itself, was used to draw up a bucket or recover objects that had fallen into a well.

## Warfare

In warfare, the harpago took on a much larger and more formidable form and was said to have been invented by Pericles. Seems that was similar to the Roman harpagones or manus ferreae. It was used as a grappling iron to capture enemy ships. These were large, iron hooks designed to latch onto the rigging or hull of opposing vessels. Once a harpago secured its hold on an enemy ship, it could be used to drag the ship closer to the attacker’s vessel, allowing for easier boarding or destruction. It used by Duilius against the Carthaginians.
It was also used by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa against Sextus Pompey during the naval battles of the Sicilian revolt. It was deployed at the Battle of Naulochus in 36 BC. Appian explains the device was "called the 'grip', a piece of wood, five cubits long bound with iron and having rings at the extremities. To one of these rings was attached the grip itself, an iron claw, to the other numerous ropes, which drew it by machine power after it had been thrown by a catapult and had seized the enemy's ships."
The harpax had a distinct advantage over the traditional naval boarding device, the corvus, in that it was much lighter. The corvus boarding bridge is estimated to have weighed a ton. The harpax could be thrown long distances due its light weight. It was discharged by a ballista as if it were a heavy dart. Furthermore, the harpax was composed of iron bands that could not be cut, and the ropes could not be cut due to the length of the iron grapple. Appian notes "As this apparatus had never been known before, the enemy had not provided themselves with scythe-mounted poles."
The casualty totals provide a broad picture of the tool's effectiveness: Sextus lost 180 of a total force of 300 warships - 28 by ramming and 155 by capture and by fire.
# Behind That Curtain (film)

Behind That Curtain is a 1929 American sound (All-Talking) Pre-Code mystery film directed by Irving Cummings and starring Warner Baxter, Lois Moran and Gilbert Emery. It was the first Charlie Chan film to be made at Fox Studios. It was based on the 1928 novel of the same name. Charlie Chan, who is played by the Chinese American E. L. Park, gets one mention early in the film, then makes a few momentary appearances after 75 minutes. Park, in fact, was the first Chinese American to play Charlie Chan on-screen. Producer William Fox chose this film to open the palatial Fox Theatre in San Francisco on June 28, 1929. It was a sound film.

## Synopsis

In London, fortune hunter Eric Durand is romancing the wealthy Sir George Mannering's niece Eve. He murders the solicitor who is hired by Mannering to investigate him, but is thwarted when explorer and old family friend Colonel John Beetham takes Eve away to British India. Later she leaves Beetham and goes to San Francisco, where she is followed by the dogged Sir Frederick Bruce of Scotland Yard, who has Durand in his sights.

## Cast

* Warner Baxter as Col. John Beetham
* Lois Moran as Eve Mannering Durand
* Gilbert Emery as Sir Frederick Bruce
* Claude King as Sir George Mannering
* Philip Strange as Eric Durand
* Boris Karloff as Beetham's Manservant
* Jamiel Hasson as Sahib Hana
* Peter Gawthorne as British Police Inspector
* John Rogers as Alf Pornick
* Edgar Norton as Hilary Galt
* E.L. Park as Police Insp. Charlie Chan

## Production

Two weeks were spent filming on location at Death Valley.
# Harold Holding

Harold Evelyn Holding (12 April 1883 – 20 July 1925) was a British athlete. He competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. He was born in Newmarket, Suffolk and died in Coventry.
In the 800 metres, Holding finished third in his initial semifinal heat and did not advance to the final. His time was 1:58.5.
# Tore Elias Hoel

Tore Elias Hoel (born 14 December 1953 in Harstad, Norway) is a Norwegian poet, author and children's author.
# Uranium-232

Uranium-232 ($^{232}$ U ) is an isotope of uranium. It has a half-life of around 69 years and is a side product in the thorium cycle. It has been cited as an obstacle to nuclear proliferation using $^{233}$U as the fissile material, because the intense gamma radiation emitted by $^{208}$Tl (a daughter of $^{232}$U, produced relatively quickly) makes the $^{233}$U contaminated with it more difficult to handle.
Production of $^{233}$U (through the neutron irradiation of $^{232}$Th) invariably produces small amounts of $^{232}$U as an impurity, because of parasitic (n,2n) reactions on uranium-233 itself, or on protactinium-233, or on thorium-232:
    $^{232}$Th (n,γ) $^{233}$Th (β$^−$) $^{233}$Pa (β$^−$) $^{233}$U (n,2n) $^{232}$U
    $^{232}$Th (n,γ) $^{233}$Th (β$^−$) $^{233}$Pa (n,2n) $^{232}$Pa (β$^−$) $^{232}$U
    $^{232}$Th (n,2n) $^{231}$Th (β$^−$) $^{231}$Pa (n,γ) $^{232}$Pa (β$^−$) $^{232}$U
Another channel involves neutron capture reaction on small amounts of thorium-230, which is a tiny fraction of natural thorium present due to the decay of uranium-238:
    $^{230}$Th (n,γ) $^{231}$Th (β$^−$) $^{231}$Pa (n,γ) $^{232}$Pa (β$^−$) $^{232}$U
The decay chain of $^{232}$U quickly yields strong gamma radiation emitters:
    $^{232}$U (α, 68.9 years)
    $^{228}$Th (α, 1.9 year)
    $^{224}$Ra (α, 3.6 day, 0.24 MeV) (from this point onwards, the decay chain is identical to that of $^{232}$Th; thorium-232 is nevertheless much less dangerous because its extremely long half-life of about 14-15 billion years means that not as much of its dangerous daughters builds up)
    $^{220}$Rn (α, 55 s, 0.54 MeV)
    $^{216}$Po (α, 0.15 s)
    $^{212}$Pb (β$^−$, 10.64 h)
    $^{212}$Bi (α, 61 min, 0.78 MeV)
    $^{208}$Tl (β$^−$, 3 min, 2.6 MeV) (35.94% branching ratio)
    $^{208}$Pb (stable)
This makes manual handling in a glove box with only light shielding (as commonly done with plutonium) too hazardous, (except possibly in a short period immediately following chemical separation of the uranium from its decay products) and instead requiring remote manipulation for fuel fabrication.
Unusually for an isotope with even mass number, $^{232}$U has a significant neutron absorption cross section for fission (thermal neutrons 75 barns (b), resonance integral 380 b) as well as for neutron capture (thermal 73 b, resonance integral 280 b).
| Lighter: uranium-231 | Uranium-232 is an isotope of uranium | Heavier: uranium-233 |
| Decay product of: plutonium-236 (α) neptunium-232 (β$^+$) protactinium-232 (β$^−$) | Decay chain of uranium-232 | Decays to: thorium-228 (α) |
# Harstad Camping

Harstad Camping is a campgrounds in the municipality of Harstad in Troms county, Norway. It is located just east of Kanebogen on the Steinbergneset peninsula, about 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the city of Harstad, along the Vågsfjorden.
# Scout and Guide Association of Qatar

The Scout and Guide Association of Qatar (Arabic: جمعية الكشافة والمرشدات القطرية) is the national scouting and guiding organization of Qatar. Scouting was founded in Qatar in 1956 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1965; the organization is also a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. It serves 4,208 Scouts (as of 2011) and 1,916 Guides (as of 2003). The Scout president facilitated the building of the local zoo.
Program emphasis is on out-of-school education in religion, citizenship and health as well as the usual Scoutcrafts, physical fitness and community service.
There are Scout courses in wildlife conservation and projects for increasing plant life.
Guiding was started in 1995, as the present government issued a decree and accepted the formation of the Guiding movement. Immediately, the Guides joined the Scouts and The Scout and Guide Association of Qatar was established. The Minister of Education has recruited six Commissioners to promote Guiding as an extracurricular activity in all schools. All leaders are teachers in the schools.
Guiding is rapidly gaining a high profile in society, reflected in their membership. Members come from different areas and various sections of society. Guiding mostly operates from Doha, however some units have started in different parts of the country. Membership stood at 2,011 as of February 2002.
There is a special program for Sea Scouts who are trained in all water and boat activities. There is also a small Air Scout section.
The Scout Motto is Kun Musta'idan or كن مستعداً, translating as Be Prepared in Arabic. The noun for a single Scout is Kashaf or كشاف in Arabic. The membership badge incorporates elements of the coat of arms of Qatar, and both the trefoil representing the girls and the fleur-de-lis representing the boys.

## International Scouting units in Qatar

There are American Boy Scouts in Doha, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world, as well as Girl Scouts of the USA).
British Scouting Overseas is represented in Doha and Al-Khor by the [http://www.1st-doha-scout-group.org
British Scouting Overseas exists to support families around the world where, due to cultural or language barriers (and the fact that people from the UK living overseas may frequently move around), it is not always possible for young people from the UK to join local Scout Groups in the country where they reside. Importantly, existing members of the UK Scout Association who wish to continue their involvement with the Movement while living here in Qatar can do so if they wish.
The 1st Doha Scout Group, currently consists of Beaver Scout Colonies (one at Sherborne School, one at Doha English Speaking School, (DESS), two Cub Scout Packs (one at Sherborne School, one at DESS) and a Scout Troop based at DESS.
In Al-Khor, a town north of Doha, a Beaver Scout section, a Cub Scout section and a Scout section are operating to deliver British Scouting to young people in the town.
# Băneasa

Băneasa (Romanian pronunciation: ) is a borough (Romanian: cartier) on the north side of Bucharest, in Sector 1, near the Băneasa Lake (0.45 km$^2$ (0.17 sq mi)). Like every north-side district of Bucharest, it is relatively sparsely populated, with large areas of parkland. Bordering on Băneasa Forest, Băneasa hosts the Aurel Vlaicu International Airport, used mainly by private jets and business aviation, and is home to Zoo Băneasa, the Băneasa railway station, the Băneasa Shopping City, and the Embassy of the United States.
In the 2000s, the area has become increasingly upmarket, due to the construction of various luxury apartment developments in and around it (as are those in the Pipera-Tunari area). It is also home to many villas constructed before the 1930s that were refurbished in the 1990s and 2000s.
Băneasa is linked by RATB bus lines to the Bucharest city center. There is currently a proposal to construct an extension of the Bucharest Metro to serve this district and its increasing population.
The name of the village (and later of the Bucharest commune and neighborhood Băneasa) comes from the wife (băneasa) of Ban Mareș from the 17th century. The ban bought pieces of the Cârstienești estate (as the village was called then), and after his death the property was enlarged by to the widow.
# Mr. Socrates

Mr. Socrates (Korean: 미스터 소크라테스) is a 2005 Korean crime film.

## Plot

Asking for money to his father imprisoned in jail, threatening a friend who became a murderer by mistake, stealing money from his friends... Ku Dong-hyuk (Kim Rae-won) is the worst scumbag you can ever imagine. Living a low-life like a street dog, one day, Dong-hyuk gets kidnapped by a mysterious gang. Being captured out of no reason, the gang trains Dong-hyuk in a secret and inhumane way repeatedly. Dong-hyuk tries to escape but fails, which makes the training more harsh and cruel than before. After finishing all the training, the gang orders Dong-hyuk to become a police detective as their secret connection.
# Atomic Dog (film)

Atomic Dog is a 1998 science fiction horror film directed by Brian Trenchard-Smith and starring Daniel Hugh Kelly and Cindy Pickett. The story tells of a dog who, after being exposed to radiation, begins the search to identify himself with a pack.

## Plot

A man befriends a male puppy of about three months old that lives in a nuclear plant. One day, an accident causes the people working in the plant to abandon it. However, the man has no chance of retrieving the puppy, who has to stay inside.
A few years later, a family moves into the town along with their female dog. Somehow the puppy, now an atomic dog, with an enhanced sense of smell, strength and memory only given to wolves, manages to escape from the plant and mates with the female dog, producing a litter of puppies. However, upon delivering, the female dog perishes, and is buried in the backyard.
The family gives most of the puppies away, but keep two of them. However, the dog himself tries to retrieve them, and launches himself on an attack towards those humans he sees as threatening, starting with the local veterinarian. The family itself becomes involved, and the dog chases them to the plant. Here he leaps toward a young girl who is in danger of being killed by falling metal tubes. The dog is mortally injured by the falling metal tubes and dies while the girl pets him. He is buried beside his consort.

## Production

Trenchard-Smith said that he got the job directing the film because of his experience handling animals on the Tarzán TV series.
# Allen's Grove, Wisconsin

Allen's Grove (alternatively spelled Allens Grove, Allen Grove, or Allengrove) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located approximately two miles west of Darien, in the Towns of Darien and Sharon, at 42°34′49″N 88°45′45″W﻿ / ﻿42.58028°N 88.76250°W﻿ / 42.58028; -88.76250. It was first named a CDP at the 2020 census, which showed a population of 174.

## History

Philip Allen, a Revolutionary War veteran, and his children: Philip Jr., Harvey, Sidney, Pliny, Asa Keyes, and Persis, came from New York in May 1845, to settle in Allen Grove. Sixty-five Allens traveled by canal boat, steamboat, and overland from Kenosha bringing with them material to build four houses, carpenters to build them, a minister, Bibles, and hymnals. The Allens organized the Congregational church here in 1845. They established a preparatory school for Beloit College in 1856. Philip Junior became the first postmaster in 1846. Philip Allen Sr. is buried in Mt. Philip Cemetery, west of here.

## Demographics

As of 2023 estimates, Allen's Grove has a population 177, a median age of 34.2, and a median income of $91,875. The per capita income is placed at $29,967±$4,135 and 15.3% ±19.5% are below the poverty line. There are 61 ±18 households and 2.9 ±0.7 persons per household. Of these households, 67% are married, 18% are male owned households, 4% female owned, and 11% non-family dwelling.

### Ethnicity

The community is estimated at White (91.5%)/161.755 people and Hispanic (8.5%)/15.005 people.
# Chicago CRED

Chicago CRED is a non-profit organization based in Chicago. The organization aims to prevent gun violence in the city by developing relationships and providing a presence within the community to defuse potential violence before it happens rather than by relying on police to intervene or respond.
The organization works by identifying both those most likely to engage in gun violence and possible potential victims of gun violence. It employs a violence interruption model.
Organization volunteers and staff, many of whom are themselves former gang members, intervene to persuade those likely to engage in such violence by offering them a stipend and access to support systems such as mentors, coaches and therapists. Therapists use cognitive behavior techniques. Individuals who remain in the program for at least a year receive help finding jobs.
When gun violence is threatened or expected, such as in the case of expected retaliation or tips received, staff and volunteers go to the area to provide a "peacekeeper" presence or otherwise intervene to try to discourage violence or prevent it from escalating.
The organization was founded in 2016 by Arne Duncan and Laurene Powell Jobs. Duncan, who returned to Chicago in 2015 after serving in the federal administration, conducted research in the Cook County Jail and in the community, specifically asking young men who had committed acts of gun violence, "How much money would it take for you to put down the guns?" He was surprised that the answer was a $12 to $13-an-hour job, at the time less than Chicago's minimum wage. He developed the idea of the stipend as a way to enable young men to accept help in the form of time spent in therapy and coaching as well as to attend high school classes.
The organization operates out of the Youth Peace Center in Chicago's Roseland neighborhood in the city's South Side. The organization's name is an acronym that stands for "Create Real Economic Destiny". A libretto written by Anna Deavere Smith that was based on her interviews of organization members was performed in Chicago as part of an opera in 2023.
# KLDQ

KLDQ (100.7 FM) is a radio station in Fargo, North Dakota (licensed to Harwood, North Dakota), broadcasting the K-LOVE radio network, airing a contemporary Christian music format.

## History

The station signed on in 2001 as KGBZ with an 80's rock format known as "The Buzz", owned and operated by Tom Ingstad. The Buzz also aired Loveline and Bob and Tom.
KGBZ switched to a smooth jazz in 2003 as "FM Smooth Jazz", along with adopting the KDJZ call sign.
Educational Media Foundation purchased KDJZ in 2004, and became a full-time K-LOVE network affiliate, along with changing the call sign to KKLQ to reflect K-LOVE. In 2007, KKLQ resolved its limited signal issue in the eastern Fargo-Moorhead area by signing on a translator K257EP 99.3 FM in Dilworth, Minnesota. Translator K237ER 95.3 FM also signed on in Grand Forks, North Dakota weeks later.
On November 8, 2017, EMF filed to use the KKLQ call sign for their new K-LOVE affiliate at 100.3 in Los Angeles and slated KLDQ to be the new call sign for the 100.7 frequency. The change took effect on November 16, 2017.
# Interstitial space (biology)

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#REDIRECT Extracellular fluid
# Knut Frostad

Knut Mauritz Frostad (born 4 June 1967 in Harstad, Norway) is a Norwegian yachtsman, who has participated in a broad range of world championship level sailing events, including the Volvo Ocean Race and the Olympic Games, the latter in windsurfing.
He has twice participated in the Olympic Games (1988 and 1992) and four times the Volvo Ocean Race, twice as skipper.
In 2004, he won the Scandinavian Nokia Oops Cup and, in 2005, he finished second.
In 2024, he was appointed Executive Chairman of Henri Lloyd.

## Volvo Ocean Race

His first participation in 1993-94 VOR was in the Swedish Intrum Justitia which finished second.
In the 1997-98 VOR he was skipper and project founder/director at the Norwegian Innovation Kværner and in the 2001-02 VOR in the Norwegian Djuice Dragons.
In the 2005-06 VOR he was watchplan captain on Southern Ocean legs in the Brazilian Brasil 1.
He was the chief executive for the 2008–09 and the 2011-2012 Volvo Ocean Race, and has returned as the CEO for the 2014-2015 race.
For the 2014-2015 race he has led the transformation of the race from an open class rule to a strict one-design class boat race.
# Siculosciadium

Siculosciadium is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family Apiaceae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Siculosciadium nebrodense, which grows as a perennial subshrub endemic to the Madonie massif of Sicily. It is the sole species in .
The species was first described as Pteroselinum nebrodense by Giovanni Gussone in 1843. In 2013 it was placed in its own genus as Siculosciadium nebrodense.
# MS Chrobry

MS Chrobry was a transatlantic passenger liner, and was the last pre-war new build for the Polish Merchant Navy. She was built for the Gdynia-Ameryka Linie Żeglugowe S.A. (Gdynia-America Line – GAL).

## Purpose

The ship was intended for the Poland–South America route to replace the aging SS Kościuszko and the SS Pułaski. Built in Denmark, it was the second (and larger) of a pair of ships, the other being the MS Sobieski. The MS Chrobry was named in honour of the first Polish king Bolesław I Chrobry. The name of the King means "Braveheart".

## Maiden Voyage & Exile

On its maiden voyage from Gdynia to Buenos Aires, it carried 1,167 passengers. The ship sailed on the 29 July 1939 and arrived uneventfully in Buenos Aires on the 19 August 1939. Among the Polish personalities on board were Senator Jan Rembielinski, the ambassador Władysław Mazurkiewicz, author Bohdan Pawłowicz, and the young writers Witold Gombrowicz and Czesław Straszewicz, who had been invited along to promote the ship.
The ship left Buenos Aires on the 24th of August on the return leg of its maiden passenger voyage and was near Pernambuco in Brazil, when World War II broke out. Initially the ship stayed at the Brazilian port for 40 days with the passengers having disembarked in Brazil rather than return to Poland. Then the essentially stateless ship sailed with her crew of 264. There were 20 women and 14 boy apprentices from a Polish sea school, aged between 16 and 18, among the party. After wandering the Atlantic for three weeks the ship diverted to Southampton in the UK.
As a transatlantic liner she made only one transatlantic voyage, never returning to her home port of Gdynia.

## Wartime Service & Fate

During the war the ship was rebuilt in Britain to become a troop transport. The ship was used to transport the West Nova Scotia Regiment from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada to the U.K., embarking on 21 December 1939, sailing the next day and arriving in Gourock on the river Clyde, Scotland on the 29 Dec 1939.
The ship was used during the Norwegian Campaign, in the area around Narvik. On 14 May 1940 she sailed from Tjeldsundet transporting British troops to Bodø. Just before midnight German dive bombers attacked the ship three times in the middle of the Vestfjorden, setting the ship on fire, exploding ammunition, and killing several army officers and men. One of the escorts, the destroyer HMS Wolverine, took off 700 survivors from the ship, while the other escort, the sloop HMS Stork, stood on guard and drove off other German aircraft, then took off the remaining survivors. Both escorts, loaded with survivors, sailed for Harstad.
The abandoned Chrobry was sunk by aircraft from the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal on 16 May. A considerable amount of equipment went down with the ship.
# Bosbyshell

Bosbyshell is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Edward C. Bosbyshell (1822–1894), an American politician in Iowa and California
* Oliver Bosbyshell (1839–1921), an American soldier and superintendent of the Pennsylvanian Mint