OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chiefdom of Kokang

The Chiefdom of Kokang (Chinese: 果敢土司; pinyin: Guǒgǎn Tǔsī), ruled by the Chinese Yang clan, was an autonomous Tusi chiefdom of the Qing dynasty. Its territory is part of modern-day Kokang, Shan State, Myanmar.

## History

The state was officially founded by Yang Shien-tsai (楊獻才/杨献才, Yáng Xiàncái); who began his reign in 1739 in and around Ta Shwe Htan, then called Xingdahu (興達戶/兴达户, Xīng Dáhù), and took the title "Chief of Xingdahu". He was succeeded upon his death in 1758 by his son Yang Weixing (楊維興/杨维兴), later referred to as Chief of Kho Kan Shan (科干山, Kēgàn Shān).
He expanded his territory tenfold compared to that inherited from his predecessor. After his death in 1795, his son Yang You Gen (楊有根/杨有根, Yáng Yǒugēn) became the chief. He soon renamed the state as Kokang and titled himself Heng of Kokang.
In 1840, Yang Guohua (楊國華) was given the title "the Hereditable Magistrate of Guogan (Kokang) County (世襲果敢縣令)" by the Chinese Qing dynasty.
The Heng was succeeded after his death in 1874 by his younger brother Yang Guozheng (楊國正/杨国正), who ruled peacefully and began relations with Britain upon the annexation of Upper Burma. In 1916 he went blind, and abdicated in favor of his nephew Yang Chunrong (楊春榮/杨春荣, Yáng Chūnróng). The new ruler then took the Burmese title "Myosa" (lit. town eat, given to a prince). He died in 1927 and was succeeded by his son Colonel Sao Yang Wen Ping (楊文炳/杨文炳, Yáng Wénbǐng), Saopha of Kokang.

## Rulers

* 1739–1758: Yang Shien Tsai (Cai) (b. 1685 – d. 1758)
* 1758–1795: Yang Wei Shin (Xing) (d. 1795)

### Title Heng

After China relinquished jurisdiction on 4 February 1897, Kokang came under British protection.
* 1795–1840: Yang Yon Gen (b. 1770 – d. 1840)
* 1840–1874: Yang Guo Hwa (b. 1814 – d. 1874)
* 1874–1916: Yang Guo Zhen (Hkun Lu Kwan) (b. 1840 – d. 1919

### Title Myosa

* 1916–17 Jan 1927: Yang Chun Yon (Yang Shwin Yong Tzu Ye) (b. 1878 – d. 1927)
* 17 Jan 1927–1943: Sao Yang Wen Pin (1st term) (b. 1897 – d. 1949) (deposed by the Kuomintang in 1943; in exile from 1944 until Oct 1945)
* Oct 1945–25 Aug 1947: Sao Yang Wen Pin (2nd term)

### Title Saopha

During World War II, Kokang was recognized as separate from Shan State in August 1947 by the British, and the ruler took the title Saopha. He died in 1949 and was succeeded by his son Sao Edward Yang Kyein Tsai (楊振材/杨振材, Yáng Zhèncái) who was deposed by the Burmese in 1959. Before that it is part Hsenwi Saopha territory.
* 25 Aug 1947–1949: Sao Yang Wen Pin OBE
* 1949–17 May 1959: Sao Edward Yang Kyein Tsai (b. 1918 – d. 1971)
# Apra (foundation)

Apra (Abkhaz: Аԥра) is a foundation for socio-economic and political studies in Abkhazia, in opposition to the Government of President Khajimba. It was presented on 9 April 2015 by Aslan Bzhania, who had been the runner-up in the August 2014 presidential election. On 2 March 2016, it voiced its support for a planned referendum to hold an early presidential election.
# L'albero delle noci (song)

"L'albero delle noci" ("The Walnut Tree") is a single by the Italian singer-songwriter Brunori Sas, released on 12 February 2025 as the third single from his sixth studio album of the same name. The song was presented in competition at the Sanremo Music Festival 2025 where it ranked third. On the same occasion, it won the Sergio Bardotti Award for best lyrics.

## Background

The song, written by Sas himself and produced by Riccardo Sinigallia, is dedicated by Sas to his daughter Fiammetta, born in 2021, and describes how her birth changed his life. In this regard, he stated in an interview on RaiPlay:
   The walnut tree is in front of my house. I always look at it when something buzzes in my head, also because for years I have been convinced that it is he who suggests the songs I write. On the other hand, not having trees, especially the centuries-old ones, any interest in Siae reports, it seemed right to me to at least pay tribute to him with a song. And I am happy to have done it with a song that makes my heart sweet and in which I courageously tried to sing the joy, but also the restlessness that a new birth brings with it.
The sounds of the song have been compared to those of Francesco De Gregori.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Giacomo Triglia, produced by Borotalco TV and with the contribution of Calabria Film Commission, and is partially inspired by Béla Tarr's film, Werckmeister Harmonies. Set in a room decorated for a birthday party, it opens with Brunori holding his daughter's hand as she walks on some tables. Then, after the little girl puts on a sun-shaped mask, the two begin to dance a waltz together with the rest of the artist's family, amidst a series of reproductions of the solar system.

## Sanremo Music Festival 2025

Italian broadcaster RAI organised the 75th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival between 11 and 15 February 2025. As had been the case since 2015, the winner would earn the right of first refusal to represent Italy at the upcoming Eurovision Song Contest.
On 1 December 2024, Sas was announced among the participants of the festival, with the title of his competing entry revealed the following 18 December. The song finished in third place, which was also awarded for the best lyrics by the musical commission.

## Charts

Chart performance for "L'albero delle noci" :
| Chart (2025) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 11 |
| Italy Airplay (EarOne) | 19 |
# Cedarville Rancheria

The Cedarville Rancheria (Northern Paiute: pasɨɨbi) is a federally recognized tribe of Northern Paiute people in Modoc County, California, about 30 miles (48 km) south of the Oregon border. Cedarville Rancheria is 26 acres in Cedarville. The tribal headquarters is located 20 miles away from the Rancheria in Alturas. The tribe has an environmental protection agency that is dedicated to keeping the Rancheria clean and teaching children how to protect and care for the planet.

## Government

The tribe is governed by a community council, which comprises all members over the age of 18. Everyone's voice counts. Melissa Davis, chairwoman, Richard Lash, Vice Chairman, and Brandi Pratt, Secretary, are the elected representatives for the Tribe.

## Reservation

The Cedarville Rancheria is a federally recognized ranchería with an area of 20 acres. Founded in 1914, it had six residents on 17 acres in 1990. The 2010 census recorded 13 inhabitants. It is located within the unincorporated community of Cedarville. All tribal citizens can trace their lineage back to the official census roll dated 18 July 1954. Their first attempt at running a business came to their purchase of what is now the Cedarville Rancheria Public Scales. They also run a mini mart/ truck stop off the highway near the scales.

## History

Cedarville Rancheria is a branch of the Northern Paiute. Pre-contact they were adapted to the desert environment that surrounded them and gathering for food was a group effort when it came to hunting and gathering. After contact with Europeans they suffered from infectious deceases such as smallpox and had some of the greatest losses from it.

## 2014 shooting attack

On 20 February 2014, 44-year-old Cherie Lash Rhoades, the former tribal chairperson (who had been recently ousted and was under federal investigation over at least $50,000 in missing funds), opened fire in the tribe's Alturas office during a tribal eviction meeting.
She killed four people and wounded two others using a 9mm semi-automatic handgun. When she ran out of ammunition, she grabbed a butcher knife from the office kitchen and stabbed one person who was already injured by gunshots. She later ran outside, knife in her hand, where she was arrested. Rhoades was attending an eviction hearing at the office (against her and her son) when she began her attack.
Police arrested Rhoades after she ran outside and took her into custody. Those killed included the suspect's brother, 50-year-old Rurik Davis; her niece, 19-year-old Angel Penn; and her nephew, 30-year-old Glenn Calonicco. The fourth person killed was 47-year-old Sheila Lynn Russo, the tribal administrator and a mother of two. Rhoades was ultimately sentenced to death for these murders in April 2017. Her case is notable due to her being a rare example of a female mass shooter.

## Education

The ranchería is served by the Surprise Valley Joint Unified School District.
# Jitpur Istamrar

Jitpur istamrar is a village in Rewari tehsil, Rewari district, Haryana, India. It is one of 274 villages in Rewari tehsil. Nearby railway station of Jitpur istamrar is Rewari.

## Adjacent villages

* Khijuri
* Masani
* Dungarwas
* Nikhri
* Masani
* Khaliawas
* Bhatsana
* Niganiawas
* Raliawas
* Rojhka
* Jonawas
# The Edith Borthwick School

The Edith Borthwick School is a mixed special school located in Braintree, Essex, England. It has 246 pupils (as of November 2021) from ages 3 to 19, with severe and complex learning difficulties including autism.

## History

The school was first opened in 1976 in purpose-built premises in nearby Bocking, where it neighboured Bocking Church Street Primary School, but moved in 2015 to its current purpose-built premises in Braintree.
The school is named after Edith Borthwick, an Essex County Councillor who died in a traffic accident in the 1970s and who "did a lot for special education".

## Fire

In April 2007 a fire broke out at the school's former site. Two demountable classrooms burned down, in addition to a garage. The cause of the fire was later thought to be arson.

## Controversy

In March 2019, a UNISON survey of the school's support staff highlighted concerns over the amount of violence at the school. Many of the 22 staff members surveyed reported that they have been assaulted by pupils and some suffered serious injuries as a result, including concussions and dislocated joints. The survey showed there is also concern that the school's bosses are not managing and logging such incidents appropriately.
# Doom (EP)

Doom is the debut EP by American death metal band Job for a Cowboy, released in December 2005 by King of the Monsters, an independent record label based in Scottsdale, Arizona. Doom was later reissued by Metal Blade Records in 2006 with a bonus track; "Entities". The EP is noted for being their only deathcore release, as the band would later abandon the genre in favor of a modern death metal sound. Doom is also the only release to feature guitarist Andrew Arcurio.

## Background

Doom was released on December 6, 2005 by King of the Monsters, an Arizona-based independent record label. It was then re-released by indie record label, Metal Blade Records in 2006.
The intro track "Catharsis for the Buried" features a distorted sample from the 1999 film Oxygen. A music video was created for the song "Entombment of a Machine", in which an elderly man is shown burying machines into the ground along with clips in between of the band performing in a desert-like atmosphere. It debuted as the band's first ever music video and was directed by Richie Valdez.
This is the only Job for a Cowboy release to feature their notorious "pig squeal" vocals.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
Despite the EP's overall popularity, the release garnered generally mixed to negative reception from critics. Many of the reviewers, however, made note of the band being at the forefront of the deathcore genre, which at the time was taking off in great numbers. Allmusic reviewer Cosmo Lee stated: "Doom is competent, but trades in sounds, not songs”, referring to the fact that Job for a Cowboy had changed their musical style with their follow-up release Genesis, a purist death metal-sounding album. Lee then ended the review stating: "Almost overnight, hordes of MySpace copycats sprang up, even lifting the band's logo font. This is where it all started - or ended, depending on your perspective."
Reviewer Kobak of Tiny Mix Tapes noted that "Job for a Cowboy are incredibly talented musicians. Their songs typically go through many tempo changes, ranging from the standard cruising metal yelp to the double-bass-drum, full-on Speedy Gonzales thrash. The problem lies in their reliance on well-worn metal clichés."
The track "Knee Deep" was central to a popular YouTube video in which the track was synchronized to a clip of the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "Band Geeks". The clip features various members of the SpongeBob SquarePants cast playing instruments with "Knee Deep" overlaid to it (originally in the episode appearing as performing the song "Sweet Victory" by David Glen Eisley).

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Job for a Cowboy
# Gitte Aaen

Gitte Aaen (born 7 November 1981) is a Danish former handballer. She won the Champions League with Viborg in 2009
She started playing Handball at the age of 5 at Strandby/Elling IF, before switching to Frederikshavn fI. While playing in Frederikshavn, she took an education as a nurse.
At the age of 20 in 2006 she switched to Viborg HK, one of the most successful clubs in Denmark. She had an initial contract of 3 years, which was extended only a year after by an additional year. With Viborg HK she won the EHF Champions League twice in 2009 and 2010 as well as the Danish League 3 times.
In the Spring of 2010, she was informed that her contract would not be extended past 2010, so she signed with the Austrian club Hypo Niederösterreich. She did however never join the club, as they changed managers, and canceled all contracts initiated by the former manager Gunnar Prokop.
Instead she played as an amateur for the Danish club FC Midtjylland, before signing a 3-year contract with Randers HK. After two years, in 2012, Randers HK however used an option to cancel the contract, citing as the reason, that they could not afford to pay for two left wing players, and they preferred Mie Augustesen.
She debuted for the Danish national team on June 14th, 2003 versus Iceland. She was at her first major international tournament in 2008. In 2010 she was initially left out of the squad, but due to injuries she played twice 2010 European Women's Handball Championship.

## Achievements

* Damehåndboldligaen:
** Winner: 2008, 2009, 2010
* Landspokalturneringen:
** Winner: 2006, 2007, 2008
* EHF Champions League:
** Winner: 2009, 2010
# Stone House (Lake County, California)

The Stone House is the oldest building in Lake County, Northern California. The building is registered as California Historical Landmark #450 and is located in Hidden Valley Lake, California. It is open for touring quarterly and by appointment with the Stone House Historical Society.

## History

The Stone House was built of local stone in 1853–54 by Robert Sterling. His wife was the first non-Indian woman to enter the Coyote Valley.
In 1861, when Lake County was split off from Napa County, John Cobb was hired to manage the Rancho Guenoc and Rancho Collayomi of the Ritchie estate. He moved with his wife and younger children into the Stone House, which had been abandoned, and farmed there for about three years.
It was rebuilt in 1894 and served as headquarters of the Rancho Guenoc, a former Mexican land grant rancho, and it was also the first store in Coyote Valley.
# Ma Ho-ling

Ma Ho-ling (Chinese: 馬鶴凌; pinyin: Mǎ Hèlíng; Wade–Giles: Ma$^3$ Ho$^4$-ling$^2$; 9 November 1920 – 1 November 2005) was a high official of Kuomintang and the Republic of China. He was the father of Ma Ying-jeou, the former President of the Republic of China.

## Biography

Ma was born in Xiangtan, Hunan in 1920. He graduated from Central Political School in Nanking (the predecessor of National Chengchi University in Taiwan) with a degree in public administration.
While he lived in Hong Kong, he started an open-air cha chaan teng in Lai Chi Kok Amusement Park. At that time, he then used three hundred dollars to hire his future wife, Chin Hou-hsiu [zh] (1922–2013). He married her in 1943 and then came to Taiwan in 1948. The couple had four daughters (including Mavis Ma) and one son. The fourth child and the only son is Ma Ying-jeou.
Ma was a Director at Youth Supervision Committee of the Executive Yuan and Vice Chairman of Performance Committee of Kuomintang.
Ma Ho-ling had a strong influence on his son Ma Ying-jeou. In an interview in 2004, he said that he wanted his son to run for president. But in 2005, he strongly opposed his son to run for Kuomintang's Chairmanship and even threatened to commit suicide if Ma Ying-jeou would not give up his candidacy.
Ma Ho-ling died of a heart attack in 2005. The inscription upon his urn said: "Fade independence into gradual unification, wholly revitalize China; assist the strong and lift the weak, work together towards utopia" (化獨漸統，全面振興中國。協強扶弱，一起邁向大同。). When this inscription was disclosed, President Chen Shui-bian took advantage of it as evidence that Ma Ying-jeou did not love Taiwan.
During the 2008 presidential elections, Chuang Kuo-jung, an official of the Ministry of Education, accused Ma Ho-ling of having affairs with various women. After arousing public anger, Chuang apologized and stepped down from his post.
# Liberato

San Liberato or San Liberale (died 269) was a Christian martyr from Italy whose annual feast day is the 20 December.
Saint Liberato was buried in the Septem Palumbas cemetery on the Salaria Vecchia road, and his hagiography states that he was from a consular noble family but decided not to follow a political career. He was arrested and sentenced to death in Rome under Claudius Gothicus, and some believe, according to tradition, that his body lies under the basilica dedicated to the martyr John.
# Magurchara Punji

Magurchhara Punji (Bengali: মাগুরছড়া পুঞ্জি, romanized: Magurchhora Punji, lit. 'Village of the walking catfish stream', Khasi: Magursora Puñji) is a tribal village inhabited by the Khasi ethnic minority. It is located off the Srimangal–Kamalganj Highway in the 3rd Ward of Kamalganj Union, Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh. As of 2006, Magurchara Punji had nearly 40 households. It is the larger of the two tribal villages located within Lawachara National Park, the other being Lawachara Punji. It has a population of 155 people.

## History

The etymology of the village is of multiple words. Punji is a word in the Khasi language to refer to a cluster of homesteads for one tribe. Magur is the Bengali name for a species of fish called walking catfish. The Bengali suffix Chhara means small stream, and therefore literally, Magurchhara means the small stream of walking catfish.
The 14th of June is remembered as Magurchhara Day. The Magurchhara Tragedy took place at midnight on this day in 1997. During a well excavation, an explosion took place leading to a loss of roughly 14,000 koti Bangladeshi takas (UK £1.4 billion). The explosion was heard around the Kamalganj Upazila. The Akhaura–Kulaura–Chhatak line, Fulbari Tea Estate, Srimangal-Kamalganj highway, local homesteads, and conservation forests and the local biodiversity such as the Lawachara National Park were heavily affected as well as the Bangladesh Power Development Board's 33,000kV main 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) power line which burnt and exploded due to the high pressure. A further 28 tea gardens were also indirectly affected. Around 50 tea gardens in Kulaura, Barlekha and Kamalganj reported issues of no power for a long period. The Akhaura–Kulaura–Chhatak line and Srimangal-Kamalganj highway was closed for 6 months. 695 hectares of forest resources were severely damaged and 200 billion cubic feet of gas, with a market value of 5 billion US dollars, burnt. Within two years after the incident, 87.5 acres of Lawachara National Park was destroyed due to the gas fire, with 20.5 acres being completely destroyed. The day has been commemorated by many organisations due to the government still not responding to the situation. The incident had both national and international coverage.

## Flora and fauna

Magurchhara and has green hills. Gibbons and birds live in the forest of the Lawachara National Park. Tea plantations are located in the area surrounding the national park.
# Don Brown (offensive lineman)

Donald Colby Brown (born April 2, 1959) is an American former professional football offensive lineman who played one season with the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Santa Clara.

## Early life and college

Donald Colby Brown was born on April 2, 1959, in San Jose, California. He attended Camden High School in San Jose.
He was a member of the Santa Clara Broncos of the University of Santa Clara from 1977 to 1981.

## Professional career

After going undrafted in the 1982 NFL draft, Brown signed with the San Diego Chargers on July 7, 1982. He was placed on injured reserve with a back injury on September 6, 1982, and spent the entire ssason there. He played in 13 games for the Chargers in 1983. Brown was listed as an offensive tackle and wore jersey number 61 while with the Chargers. He was released on August 28, 1984. He was re-signed on April 12, 1985, but released later that year.
# Offered for Singles

Offered for Singles (Russian: Одиноким предоставляется общежитие, romanized: Odinokim predostavlyaetsya obshchezhitiye) is a 1984 romantic comedy drama film directed by Samson Samsonov and written by Arkady Inin.

## Plot

Vera Golubeva, a textile mill worker, lives in a dormitory for women. In her spare time she plays matchmaker for the other women. Although she does this informally and for free, Vera goes at it professionally: studying the personals in the newspapers, she sends marriage proposals throughout the Soviet Union, and carefully selects suitors. But Vera herself is lonely: walking with brides in their weddings, she has already forgotten to dream about her own family happiness.
One day, in the strictly female dormitory appears a new Commandant, Viktor Petrovich - a picturesque former sailor. At some point in the past a woman left him, and from that point on he has regarded women with the utmost suspicion. At first he fights against the way things are done in the dormitory and tries to close Vera's marriage bureau. But eventually, Viktor begins to understand that Vera is the woman he has been looking for all his life.

## Cast

* Natalya Gundareva as Vera Nikolayevna Golubeva
* Aleksandr Mikhailov as Victor Petrovich Frolov, commander
* Tamara Syomina as Larisa Evgenievna, educator
* Yelena Drapeko as Nina
* Frunzik Mkrtchyan as Vartan
* Viktor Pavlov as Ilya Belenky
* Elena Mayorova as Ira Sanyko

## Awards

* The film won prizes CCF in Kyiv (1984) and the International Film Festival in Chamrousse (1985)
* Natalya Gundareva - best actress in 1984 in a poll of the magazine Soviet Screen
# Zwolle station

The Kansas City Southern Depot is a former Kansas City Southern Railway station located at the intersection of Spanish and Port Arthur Streets in Zwolle, Louisiana. Built in 1914, the depot is the only surviving building connected to the railroad in Zwolle. The railroad was built through the Zwolle area in 1896, and the town was founded shortly thereafter; the 1914 depot was a replacement for the town's original station. The railway station was an important shipping center for the town's lumber industry; lumber was Sabine Parish's chief export from the early 1900s through the 1940s, and the railroad made Zwolle one of the two main milling towns in the parish.
The depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 7, 1989.