# Nexon

Nexon Co., Ltd. (formerly Korean: 주식회사 넥슨) is a South Korean video game developer and publisher. It develops and publishes titles including MapleStory, Crazyracing Kartrider, Sudden Attack, Dungeon & Fighter, and Blue Archive. Headquartered in Japan, the company has offices in South Korea, the United States, Taiwan, and Thailand.
Nexon was founded in Seoul, South Korea, in 1994 by Kim Jung-ju. In 2005, the company moved its headquarters to Tokyo, Japan. However, its largest shareholder is investment and holding company NXC, headquartered in Jeju Province, South Korea.

## History

Nexon was established in Seoul, South Korea, on December 26, 1994. It developed and published its first title, Nexus: The Kingdom of the Winds, in 1996, which the company continues to service. Numerous other games followed, such as Dark Ages: Online Roleplaying, Elemental Saga, QuizQuiz, KartRider, Elancia, and Shattered Galaxy; some of which are maintained by a company spun off of Nexon, Kru Interactive.

### MapleStory and Dungeon & Fighter

In 2003, game development company Wizet developed MapleStory in Korea, which later became one of its most successful titles and has been serviced for more than two decades. The game was localized for Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, North America, Europe, Brazil, and Vietnam. Nexon is also the developer of Dungeon & Fighter, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Neople. Dungeon & Fighter is one of the most popular free-to-play online PC games in China.

### 2010s

Nexon went public on the Tokyo Stock Exchange on December 14, 2011, in an initial public offering, the largest in Japan for 2011 and the second largest by a technological company for 2011 worldwide. In April 2013, the programmer "DrUnKeN ChEeTaH" was sued by Nexon America for operating GameAnarchy, a popular subscription-based cheat provider for Combat Arms. Nexon was awarded $1.4 million in damages.
On March 9, 2016, Nexon acquired Big Huge Games, a mobile game developer in Maryland. In October 2018, a labor union was established at Nexon. On January 3, 2019, The Korea Economic Daily reported that Nexon founder Kim Jung-ju and associates had put their 98.64 percent stake up for sale. However, on July 8, 2019, Reuters reported that the plan was abandoned. On November 25, 2019, The Lego Group announced the acquisition of Bricklink, a Lego fan community from Nexon's parent company NXC, for an unknown price, which is expected to finish before the end of 2019.

### 2020s

On June 2, 2020, Nexon announced plans to invest $1.5 billion in listed entertainment companies. By March 2021, Nexon had deployed $874 million of that amount on investments into Hasbro, Bandai Namco Holdings, Konami, and Sega Sammy Holdings. Nexon stated that they had no interest in outright acquiring or taking activist investor positions in these companies.
In a 2021 earnings call, Nexon CEO Owen Mahoney declined to offer hard launch targets for highly anticipated games. In February 2021, Nexon announced significant pay increases for new and existing development talent in the company's Korean studios. In July 2021, Nexon announced the formation of Nexon Film and Television. The division is based in Los Angeles. In January 2022, Russo brothers-owned film production company AGBO sold a $400 million minority stake to Nexon, which is valued at $1.1 billion as Nexon takes a 38% stake. In February 2022, it was reported by Bloomberg that Saudi Arabian-based Public Investment Fund had purchased just over a 5% stake in Capcom and Nexon, reportedly worth US$883 million, while American investment company KKR acquired an 8.5% stake.
In May 2022, Nexon announced the launch of Mintrocket, a sub-brand and division of Nexon that specializes on games "focusing on the essence of fun". Its first game, Dave the Diver, was a commercial hit, selling one million copies within ten days of launch. According to their own report, the Korean region earned the company the most in Q1–Q2 2022. In late 2023, Nexon announced that CEO Owen Mahoney will be succeeded by Nexon Korea CEO Junghun Lee in 2024. Nexon announced the development of The Kingdom of the Winds 2 on October 30, 2024, the sequel to its first-ever release 28 years ago. Nexon made Mintrocket a wholly owned subsidiary in September 2024.

## Lawsuits

In 2018, the company was fined ₩939 million (about US$717,000) for giving players false probability information surrounding microtransactions gambling for loot boxes in Sudden Attack. Nexon Korea stated that the phrase "random provision" was to suggest the items would be provided at random, not that all of them have equal odds.
In early 2023, Nexon filed a cease and desist letter and a lawsuit against video game studio Ironmace, alleging that they stole files and ideas from Nexon's canceled project called "P3" and used them in their game called Dark and Darker. Nine "P3" project members had left the company and joined Ironmace, which was started soon after the project's cancellation in 2021. According to Ironmace, it is one of these former Nexon employees (who is alleged to have leaked the assets) who is the sued party, and not the company itself. A police complaint filed by Nexon reportedly led to a police raid of Ironmace's offices in March 2023. After the game was removed from Steam, Ironmace distributed it via BitTorrent, made available on the game's Discord server. Nexon also filed a copyright infringement lawsuit in the United States on April 20, 2023. This lawsuit was dismissed on August 17, 2023. The game is subsequently once again available on Steam.
In 2021, a MapleStory user, Kim, sued Nexon for its failure to provide detailed probability information. The Korea Fair Trade Commission reported that Nexon, for a decade, has lowered the probability of players drawing certain character equipment when spending real cash on Cubes ("and setting the probability of winning some Cubes to zero") in MapleStory. The Supreme Court ended up ruling in favor of Kim; they ordered Nexon to give back five percent of the spent money to Kim. Nexon then accepted the Korea Consumer Agency's recommendation to compensate the damaged 800,000 users; the amount of compensated in-game cash equaled to about ₩21.9 billion (US$19.1 million). In 2024, the company was fined by the Korea Fair Trade Commission for a record-breaking ₩11.6 billion (US$8.9 million) fee for misleading players over microtransactions in MapleStory, which violated South Korea's Act on Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce.

## Organization

Nexon maintains various offices around the world that engage in the publishing and/or development of Nexon's games. Each region's local consolidated subsidiaries are independently managed and are responsible for developing their own strategy for their products and services.
Major Nexon group companies :
| Region | Company name |
| Japan | Nexon Co., Ltd.; gloops, Inc. |
| Korea | Nexon Korea Corporation; Neople Inc.; Nexon Games Co., Ltd.; JoongAng Pangyo Development Co., Ltd.; Mirae Asset Global Innovation Growth Focus Equity Privately Placed Investment Trust; VIP Global Super Growth Hedge Fund |
| China | Lexian Software Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
| North America | Nexon America Inc.; Big Huge Games, Inc.; Pixelberry Studios |
| Other | Nexon Europe GmbH; gloops Vietnam Co., Ltd.; Nexon Taiwan Ltd.; Nexon Thailand Co., Ltd. |

### Studios

| Studios | Studios | Location | Founded/acquired | Notes |
| Nexon Korea | Nexon Korea | Seoul, Korea | December 1994 | |
| Nitro Studios | Nitro Studios | Seoul, Korea | 2020 | previously Nexon Korea Internal Teams |
| devCat | devCat | Seoul, Korea | 2020 | previously Nexon Korea Internal Teams |
| Mintrocket | Mintrocket | Seoul, Korea | 2024 | previously Nexon Korea Internal Teams |
| Nexon Games | Nexon Games Seoul | Seoul, Korea | July 2010 | previously known as NAT Games |
| Nexon Games | MX Studio | | | Was under NAT Games during their buyout and rebrand, develops Blue Archive and other Japanese-inspired "subculture" games |
| Nexon Games | Nexon Games Pangyo | Pangyo-dong, Seongnam City, Gyeonggi Province, Korea | June 2018 | previously Nexon GT |
| Neople | Neople | Jeju City, Korea | August 2008 | |
| Embark Studios | Embark Studios | Stockholm, Sweden | July 2019 | |
| Big Huge Games | Big Huge Games | Timonium, Maryland, United States | March 2016 | |
| Pixelberry Studios | Pixelberry Studios | Mountain View, California, United States | November 2017 | |

### Free-to-play online virtual worlds

As of August 2022, Nexon Virtual Worlds' most valuable entertainment franchises are:
| Franchise | Launch date | Registered players | Lifetime revenue |
| Dungeon & Fighter | 2005 | + 850 million | > $20 billion |
| MapleStory | 2003 | + 180 million | > $3 billion |
| KartRider | 2004 | + 380 million | > $1 billion |
| Sudden Attack | 2005 | + 23 million | > $0.7 billion |
| Nexus: The Kingdom of the Winds | 1996 | + 26 million | N/A |
| Mabinogi | 2004 | + 20 million | > $0.6 billion |

### Games for mobile and consoles

Nexon began as a developer and publisher of PC games. However, in 2020, the company announced plans to begin releasing both console and mobile versions of key franchises.
In 2017, Nexon previously published LawBreakers for PlayStation 4 from Boss Key Productions. In July 2020, the South Korean launch of The Kingdom of the Winds: Yeon for mobile was the top-grossing title on the Apple App Store and #2 on Google Play, 24 years after the launch of the initial The Kingdom of the Winds game in 1996. In August 2020, the release of Dungeon & Fighter Mobile in China generated more than 60 million pre-registrations before it was delayed.
Nexon operates in over 190 countries, but revenue and consumer engagement are concentrated in Asian markets. In 2021, the company announced a series of games in development for global release – with a focus on Europe and North America. Mahoney stated that they hoped to launch big titles with a 'Western sensibility', such as the game ARC Raiders from Embark Studios. In March 2022, Dungeon & Fighter Mobile was released in South Korea, and later in China in May 2022. It has announced that it will be publishing ARC Raiders, The First Descendant, Project AK, and KartRider: Drift for both PlayStation 4 and Xbox in around 2025.

## Games

| Year | Title | Developer | Publisher | Notes |
| 1996 | Nexus: The Kingdom of the Winds | Nexon Korea | Nexon | |
| 1999 | Elancia | Nexon Korea | Nexon | |
| 1999 | Dark Ages | Nexon Korea | Nexon | |
| 2001 | Asgard | Nexon Korea | Nexon | |
| 2001 | Crazy Arcade | Nexon Korea | Nexon | |
| 2003 | MapleStory | Wizet | Nexon (KR, JP, NA, EU) | |
| 2003 | TalesWeaver | Softmax | Nexon | |
| 2004 | Crazyracing Kartrider | Nexon Korea | Nexon | Also known in short as KartRider Servers closed in March 2023 as Nexon Korea has shifted their focus to KartRider: Drift |
| 2004 | Mabinogi | devCAT | Nexon | |
| 2005 | Sudden Attack | Nexon GT (now Nexon Games) | Nexon | |
| 2005 | Dungeon Fighter Online | Neople | Nexon (KR and JP) Neople (Global) | |
| 2007 | Elsword | KOG Studios | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only (KOG to handle the Global server) |
| 2008 | Counter-Strike Online | Nexon Valve | Nexon | |
| 2008 | Combat Arms | Nexon | Nexon | Server closed in November 2017; while the Global server was carried by VALOFE in both Reloaded and Classic version |
| 2009 | Crazy Shooting Bubble Fighter | Nexon | Nexon | |
| 2010 | Vindictus | devCAT | Nexon | Also known in Asia as Mabinogi Heroes; prequel to Mabinogi, the original game |
| 2010 | Dragon Nest | Eyedentity Games | Nexon | Nexon to share the publishing rights in Korea (ENP Games handles the KR server, while Eyedentity Games handles the rest of Global, ex. Chinese territories) |
| 2011 | Cyphers | Neople | Nexon | |
| 2012 | FIFA Online 3 | Electronic Arts | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only |
| 2013 | ArcheAge | XL Games | Nexon | Nexon to share the publishing rights in Korea (XL Games was later brought by Kakao Games) |
| 2013 | Final Fantasy XIV | Square Enix Business Division 5 | Square Enix | Nexon to share the publishing rights in Korea (Actoz Soft now handles the KR server) |
| 2013 | Counter-Strike Online 2 | Nexon Valve | Nexon | Servers closed in April 2018 |
| 2014 | FreeStyle 2 | JOYCITY | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only |
| 2014 | Closers | Naddic Games | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only (Naddic Games to handle the Global server) |
| 2014 | Monster Squad | Nexon GT Timecast | Nexon | Mobile game Servers closed in December 2016 |
| 2015 | DomiNations | Nexon Big Huge Games | Nexon | Mobile game Publishing rights was handed over to Big Huge Games in 2020 |
| 2015 | MapleStory 2 | NSquare | Nexon | Both the Japanese and Global servers closed in early 2020, with Korea as the only server available |
| 2016 | Tree of Savior | IMC Games | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only (IMC Games to handle the Global server) |
| 2016 | Sudden Attack 2 | Nexon GT | Nexon | Korean server closed shortly after launch following the controversy |
| 2016 | Titanfall Online | Nexon (licensed from Electronic Arts) | Nexon | The game was never fully released |
| 2016 | Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex – First Assault Online | Neople | Nexon | Server closed first in Japan on November 29, 2017; with the Global server closing a few days later (December 6, 2017) |
| 2017 | Dynasty Warriors: Unleashed | XPEC Entertainment (licensed from Koei Tecmo) | Nexon | Mobile game Server closed in March 2020 |
| 2017 | Dark Avenger 3 | Boolean Games | Nexon | Mobile game |
| 2017 | LawBreakers | Boss Key Productions | Nexon | Released as the debut title from Cliff Bleszinski's new studio. Servers closed in late 2018 with Nexon currently retaining the IP rights. |
| 2017 | AxE (Alliance vs Empire) | Nexon RED | Nexon | Mobile game Server closed in June 2022 |
| 2018 | Darkness Rises | Nexon | Nexon | Mobile game launched in June 2018; server closed on November 30, 2022 |
| 2018 | Durango: Wild Lands | Nexon What! Studio | Nexon | Mobile game Server closed on October 16, 2019 |
| 2018 | FIFA Online 4 | EA Spearhead | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only |
| 2018 | MapleStory M | Nexon | Nexon | |
| 2019 | KurtzPel | KOG Studios | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only (KOG to handle the Global server) |
| 2019 | Godzilla Defense Force | Neople Studio 42 | Nexon | Mobile game |
| 2019 | Crazy Arcade BnB M | Nexon | Nexon | Mobile game |
| 2020 | KartRider Rush+ | Nexon | Nexon | Mobile game |
| 2020 | V4 | NAT Games (now Nexon Games) | Nexon | Cross-platform (PC and Mobile) Server closed on March 20, 2024 |
| 2020 | The Kingdom of the Winds: Yeon | Nexon Korea | Nexon | Mobile game Currently available in Korea |
| 2020 | FIFA Mobile | EA Mobile | Nexon (JP and KR) | Mobile game |
| 2021 | Blue Archive | MX Studio (NAT Games, now Nexon Games) | Nexon (Global, ex. JP and CN) | Mobile game |
| 2021 | KonoSuba: Fantastic Days | Sumzap | Nexon (Global, ex. JP) | Mobile game Publishing rights was handed over to Sesisoft from June 1, 2023. |
| 2022 | Dungeon & Fighter Mobile | Neople | Nexon | Mobile game Currently available in Korea |
| 2022 | DNF Duel | Arc System Works Eighting Neople | Nexon | Also available on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 Nominated for The Game Awards 2022 Best Fighting Game |
| 2022 | Argent Twilight: Secrets Of The Dark Orbs | | Nexon | Mobile game Currently available in Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Canada |
| 2022 | TalesWeaver: Second Run | | Nexon | Mobile game Currently available in Japan |
| 2022 | MapleStory Worlds | Nexon Korea | Nexon | Cross-platform (PC and Mobile) Only available in Korea |
| 2023 | KartRider: Drift | Nitro Studios | Nexon | Cross-platform (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC, and Mobile) |
| 2023 | Dave the Diver | Mintrocket | Mintrocket | For PC and MacOS; also available on Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4/PlayStation 5 |
| 2023 | Warhaven | Nexon Korea | Nexon | Server closing in April 2024 |
| 2023 | EA Sports FC Mobile | EA Mobile | Nexon (JP and KR) | Mobile game; FIFA Mobile successor |
| 2023 | EA Sports FC Online | EA Spearhead | Nexon | Publishing for Korea only; FIFA Online 4 successor. |
| 2023 | The Finals | Embark Studios | Embark Studios | Cross-platform (PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X|S, and PC) |
| 2023 | Dynasty Warriors M | Neobards Entertainment (licensed from Koei Tecmo) | Nexon | Mobile game |
| 2024 | The First Descendant | Nexon Games | Nexon | Cross-platform (PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S, and PC) |
| TBA | ARC Raiders | Embark Studios | Embark Studios | Also coming to PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X|S |
| TBA | Nakwon: Last Paradise | Mintrocket | Mintrocket |
| TBA | Wakerunners | Mintrocket | Mintrocket | |
| TBA | Mabinogi Mobile | devCAT | Nexon |
| TBA | OVERKILL | Neople | Nexon | |
| TBA | The First Berserker: Khazan | Neople | Nexon | |
| TBA | MapleStory N | Nexon Korea | Nexon | PC version of MapleStory that uses blockchain technology |
| TBA | Vindictus: Defying Fate | Nexon Korea | Nexon | |
| TBA | Project DX | Nexon Korea | Nexon KR | game based on Durango: Wild Lands |