OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Landesman

Charles Landesman (born 17 December 1932) is an American philosopher. He is professor emeritus of philosophy at Hunter College.
Landesman was born in Brooklyn, New York. He obtained a BA from Wesleyan University in 1954 and a PhD from Yale University in 1959. He was assistant professor at Kansas University (1959–1965) and a professor in the Department of Philosophy at Hunter College from 1970. He has defended philosophical dualism.

## Selected publications

* Readings in the Theory of Action (Indiana University Press, 1968)
* The Foundations of Knowledge (Prentice-Hall, 1970)
* The Problem of Universals (Basic Books, 1971)
* Discourse and its Presuppositions (Yale University Press, 1972)
* Philosophy: An Introduction to the Central Issue (Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1985)
* Color and Consciousness: An Essay in Metaphysics (Temple University Press, 1989)
* The Eye and the Mind: Reflections on Perception and the Problem of Knowledge (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993)
* Introduction to Epistemology (Blackwell, 1996)
* Skepticism: The Central Issues (Wiley, 2002)
* Leibniz's Mill: A Challenge to Materialism (2011)
# Holden Hernández Carmenate

Holden Hernández Carmenate is a Cuban-American chess grandmaster.

## Chess career

In October 2006, Hernández achieved his final GM norm at the Open de Alca de Henares in Spain. He was later awarded the Grandmaster title in 2007.
In 2011, Hernández was considered one of the top 10 players in Cuba.
In September 2012, Hernández won the Óliver González Chess Memorial ahead of Martyn Kravtsiv and Andrey Vovk.
In December 2013, Hernández transferred federations from Cuba to the United States.
In February 2015, Hernández tied for first in the Texas Southwest Class Masters with Gata Kamsky, Yaroslav Zherebukh, and Anton Kovalyov, but lost to Kamsky on tiebreaks.

## Personal life

Hernández studied at the University of Texas at Dallas, where he was the captain of the chess team.
# Lucy Aldrich

Lucy Truman Aldrich (October 23, 1869 – January 12, 1955) was a philanthropist and art collector who was the eldest daughter of U.S. Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island.

## Biography

Lucy was born in Providence, Rhode Island on October 23, 1869. She was the oldest surviving of eleven children born to U.S. Senator Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich and Abigail Pearce Truman "Abby" Chapman. Her sister, philanthropist Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich, was married to financer and philanthropist John Davison Rockefeller Jr. who was the only son of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller. Her brother Winthrop W. Aldrich served as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Lucy, who never married and was congenitally deaf, was educated privately by governesses and later at Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut. She lived in the family home at 110 Benevolent Street in Providence, Rhode Island, for most of her life, but traveled extensively in Europe and Asia. She often retold the story of one trip to China in 1923, when she was captured by armed bandits and held for two days before her release (the Lincheng Outrage).
Lucy died in Providence on January 12, 1955, and was buried at Swan Point Cemetery there. She was worth $2,500,000 at the time of her death.

### Art collection

Lucy was an active art collector, especially in the fields of porcelain and Asian textiles. Between 1934 and 1956, she donated much of her collection to the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, and was a member of its Museum Committee as well. Her donation "is not only the single most significant gift of textiles to the Museum but is also one of the broadest and best collections of these materials in the world."
# Vidhyadhar Singh

Vidhyadhar Singh (born 1956) is an Indian politician from Rajasthan. He is a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Phulera Assembly constituency in Jaipur district. He won the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Singh is from Phulera, Jaipur district, Rajasthan. He is the son of former MLA and Jat leader, Hari Singh. He completed his M.A. in history in 1979 at Rajasthan University, Jaipur.

## Career

Singh won from Phulera Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He polled 112,244 votes and defeated his nearest rival and three time MLA, Nirmal Kumawat of the Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 26,898 votes. His son in law Shailesh Singh was elected on a BJP ticket from Deeg Kumher Assembly constituency and both the father in law and son in law are expected to sit in the assembly representing different parties.
# Lidy Nacpil

Lidy Nacpil is a Filipino human rights, environmental, gender and social justice activist. She is the coordinator of the Asian Peoples' Movement on Debt and Development, also known as Jubilee South, an international advocacy organization focused on climate justice.

## Activism

Nacpil began her activism when she was a student. Her first husband Lean Alejandro was killed in 1987 during the martial rule of President Cory Aquino. In the Peace Network developed by the Leandro L. Alejandro Foundation after his death, Nacpil had a major role in its work after Fidel V. Ramos became president.
After the killing of her husband, Nacpil intensified her human, economic and social justice activism. In 1999, as part of the Jubilee 2000 coalition and on behalf of the Freedom from Debt Coalition, she advocated for debt relief from the World Bank and IMF for the most impoverished countries in the world. In 2001, she traveled on behalf of Jubilee South to conduct teach-ins in New York and Washington, and to Canada to promote activist events at G20, World Bank, and IMF meetings. In 2009, while a Jubilee South coordinator, she spoke with Naomi Klein about the climate debt proposal, for countries creating the climate crisis to pay for the impacts on other countries, telling Klein it is "something that is owed to us, because we are dealing with a crisis not of our making" and "Climate debt is not a matter of charity."
She has held executive positions in national, regional and global rights groups. She is the coordinator of the Asian Peoples' Movement on Debt and Development, which organizes dozens of member organizations and is based in Manila. Her COP27 briefing in November 2022 with Thuli Makama from the Asian Peoples' Movement on Debt and Development focused on the benefits of ending fossil fuel subsidies and increasing taxes on oil and gas production.
She is also co-coordinator of the Global Campaign to Demand Climate Justice, and vice president of the Freedom from Debt Coalition and co-coordinator of the Global Campaign to Demand Climate Justice. She has also served as a board observer for the Green Climate Fund.
# Ohio State Route 159

State Route 159 (SR 159) is a northeast-southwest state highway (signed north–south) in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its southern terminus is in Chillicothe at the U.S. Route 50 and State Route 104 concurrency; its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 22 approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Lancaster.

## History

SR 159 was original signed in 1923, on much of its current alignment. In 1927 the route was extended south to US 23, along the alignment of former State Route 27. The first section of road paved was in 1933 and it was a section from the southern terminus to Meade. In 1935 the second section was paved between Meade and Tarlton. The final section of the roadway was paved between Tarlton and the northern terminus, in 1938. The route was extended north to its current terminus along the former alignment of U.S. Route 22, in 1971. In 1972 the highway was extended south to its current terminus along the former alignment of U.S. Route 23.
A construction project in Ross County added two roundabouts at a new intersection with SR 207 and the intersection of SR 180. Construction began in October 2019 and was completed the following October.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Ross | Chillicothe | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 23 Bus. south / US 50 / SR 104 (South Bridge Street / Main Street) | Southern end of US 23 Business concurrency; Bridge Street continues from the south |
| Ross | Chillicothe | | | Stewart Road, Consumer Center Drive | Grade separation |
| Ross | Chillicothe | 1.01 | 1.63 | US 35 – Jackson, Dayton | Five-ramp Partial cloverleaf interchange |
| Ross | Springfield Township | 3.73 | 6.00 | US 23 / US 23 Bus. ends – Portsmouth, Columbus | Northern end of US 23 Business concurrency and northern terminus of US 23 Business; interchange |
| Ross | Green Township | 6.00 | 9.66 | SR 207 west | Eastern terminus of SR 207; Roundabout |
| Ross | Green Township | 6.52 | 10.49 | SR 180 east | Western terminus of SR 180; Roundabout |
| Pickaway | Pickaway Township | 11.10 | 17.86 | SR 361 north | Southern terminus of SR 361 |
| Pickaway | Salt Creek Township | 16.30 | 26.23 | SR 56 – Laurelville, Circleville | |
| Fairfield | Hocking Township | 30.91 | 49.74 | US 22 (Cincinnati-Zanesville Road SW) – Lancaster | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Haw River Town Museum

The Haw River Town Museum is a museum located in Haw River, North Carolina. Housed in a 145-year-old building which once served as the town's fire hall, the museum exhibits photographs, artifacts and memorabilia, focusing on the town's history.
# Oldenburg P 4.1

The steam locomotives of Oldenburg Class P 4.1 (later DRG Class 36.12) were German locomotives built for the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg State Railways (Großherzoglich Oldenburgische Staatseisenbahnen) between 1896 and 1902. They were based on a Prussian P 4.1 prototype and a total of 19 engines were procured up to 1902. Overall the Oldenburg engine was less powerful than its Prussian counterpart, because the grate area was smaller and the steam dome was omitted. The regulators was housed in the smokebox. The Deutsche Reichsbahn took them over in 1920 and allocated them numbers 36 1201 to 36 1219. They were retired in the 1930s.
They were coupled with tenders of class 3 T 12.
# Albury High School

Albury High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school located in Albury, a city in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.
Established in 1920, the school enrolled approximately 1,000 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom four percent identified as Indigenous Australians and ten percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Darryl Ward.

## History

Albury High School was established in 1920 and occupied an old hospital building in Thurgoona Street, Albury. Under the guidance of the first headmaster, J. G. Monaghan, the school quickly grew and gained more than 200 pupils. This significantly dropped in the mid-1920s, however after the establishment of a parents and citizens association that was treated as a separate body, the school began to grow once more. The school moved into its current location in Kiewa Street on 28 March 1928, after the building of a permanent site to the tune of $50,000. The enrolment at the class slowly grew, with only a minor hitch when the school was classified as a Third Class High School. Eventually, the school gained its classification as a First Class High School and the numbers continued to grow. The addition of further buildings in the 1970s as well as the decision to include the Principal's residence as a teaching space helped aid the increasing enrolment.
In 2014, a fire destroyed the administration office.

## Notable alumni

* Anne Boyd AM – composer and academic; professor of music at the University of Sydney
* Jacob Koschitzke – Australian Rules Footballer
* Max Lynch – Australian Rules Footballer
* Anthony Miles – Australian Rules Footballer
* Gabriella Pound – AFLW player
* Richard Roxburgh – actor
* Paul Spargo – Australian Rules Footballer
* Percy Trezise – Australian pilot, painter, explorer and writer
* Jocelyn Bartram – Olympian, Field Hockey (Goalkeeper)
# Merlinettes

Merlinettes was the colloquial name given to the women of the Corps Féminin des Transmissions (CFT, "Women's Signal Corps") of the French army during World War II.
The Merlinettes took part in most campaigns of the Liberation of France, from the landing in Provence to the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine as well as the Italian campaign. Their nickname was derived from Colonel Merlin, the creator of the corps who formed the unit in French Algeria during the winter of 1942.
In April 1944 about 1,095 women were serving in the Corps reaching a peak by the end of the war of over 2,000. They are considered the first female soldiers of the French army.

## Formation history

The corps was formed on 22 November 1942, six months after the establishment of the signals arm under Colonel Lucien Merlin as part of Admiral Giraud's forces in French Algeria. Lucien Merlin proposed to integrate women into the communications service: until then women had been forbidden by law to serve in the army. The candidates were nicknamed Merlinettes, in reference to the founder of the corps.
The C.F.T. was attached to the Service Renseignements et Operations set up within General de Lattre's 1st French Army and trained by the Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action. The work of the Merlinettes included telephone operators, signals analysts, teletype and radio operators.
In 1944 they became officially part of Charle de Gaulle's Free French Forces. They took part in most Free French campaigns including the Italian campaign, after landing in Naples as part of the French Expeditionary Corps, and the Allied landing in Provence, Operation Dragoon, following the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine.
At the beginning of 1944, thirty Merlinettes were sent to London for further commando training with the Special Operations Executive. Eleven were subsequently sent on missions. After being parachuted into France in the spring of 1944, four of them, Suzanne Mertzizen, Marie-Louise Cloarec, Eugénie Djendi and Pierrette Louin, were captured, interrogated and sent to the Ravensbrück concentration camp where they were executed by the Germans on 18 January 1945.

## Commemoration

On 13 May 2021, a stele was inaugurated in Le Brugeron to honour radio operators Denise Colin and Suzanne Combelas. The ceremony was attended by military and local officials. That same day the French newspaper Le Monde published an article about the last living Merlinette, Colette Escoffier-Martini.
On 30 September 2017, a stele was inaugurated in Saint-Léger-Magnazeix, by the Association des Amis de la Fondation pour la Mémoire et la Déportation. It commemorates Merlinettes parachuted into the region, including Marie-Louise Cloarec, Pierrette Louin, and Suzanne Mertzizen, who were later captured and deported.
On 6 October 2023, a memorial was unveiled at the Musée Départemental de la Résistance et de la Déportation in Lorris. It honours the Merlinettes involved in clandestine operations in occupied France. The inscription reads "Souviens-toi" ("Remember").
# Jimmy Sangma

Jimmy Sangma (born 1974) is an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He is a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from Tikrikilla Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in West Garo Hills district. He won the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election representing the National People's Party (India).

## Early life and education

Sangma is from Khamari village, Hollaidanga post, Tikrikilla PS, West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya. He is the son of late Bijen M. Marak. He studied Class 12 and passed the higher secondary examinations conducted by the Meghalaya Board of School Education in 1988. He is a retired government employee and his wife is a teacher.

## Career

Sangma won from Tikrikilla Assembly constituency representing the National People's Party (India) in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He polled 13,218 votes and defeated his nearest rival, former chief minister and six time MLA, Mukul Sangma of the All India Trinamool Congress, by a margin of 5,313 votes. As an independent candidate, he came third behind winner Michael T. Sangma, also an independent, and Rahinath Barchung of the Indian National Congress, in the 2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He then won the 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress and defeated Barchung, who contested as an independent politician, by a margin of 1,407 votes.
# Nunk (song)

"Nunk" (also known as "Nunk (New Wave Funk)") the first single by the group Warp 9, released on Prism Records in 1982, was written and produced by Lotti Golden and Richard Scher. The song appeared as a vocal and instrumental version on the group's 1983 debut album It's a Beat Wave on Prism Records and 4th & Broadway records in the UK.
New York City radio station WKTU featured "Nunk" in a commercial to promote the station's signature sound of emerging hip hop. By 1982, the electronic (electro) sound had become the trend on the street and in dance clubs largely due to "extraordinary advances in electronic music technology in the late-1970s and early-1980s." Drum machines, especially the Roland TR-808 lowered the cost of record production, providing opportunities for producers to create and experiment with new sounds.
"Nunk" was code for NUNK= N-ew wave + f-UNK. The record was characterized by a robotic chant, syncopated rhythms and arcade-sounding, sci-fi influenced synths from funky keyboard riffs to eerie string lines. "Nunk"'s popularity helped Warp 9 develop a devoted following in the New York metropolitan area, leading to a worldwide deal with Island Records (Prism Records/Island Records in the U.S.) on which their debut LP, It's a Beat Wave and subsequent singles were released. The producers, Lotti Golden and Richard Scher produced dub mixes and instrumental versions of "Nunk" creating club and remix possibilities.
# Henry N. Barkhausen Cache River Wetlands Center

Henry N. Barkhausen Cache River Wetlands Center is a nature center and natural history museum in the Cache River Wetlands, near Cypress, Illinois. It features exhibits, an interactive diorama of a wetland, interactive touch screens and a 12-minute video on the cultural and natural history of the watershed, including the Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge. The center is managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and jointly operated by the Cache River Wetlands Joint Venture Partnership.

## History

The center — completed in November 2004 and opened in 2005 — is named for Henry N. Barkhausen who encouraged government agencies, private organizations and local residents to protect natural character of the Cache River. Barkhausen was the former director of the Illinois Department of Conservation (now Illinois Department of Natural Resources) when the state was establishing its first natural area program, a former trustee of The Nature Conservancy in Illinois and a 19-year member of the Citizens Committee to Save the Cache River, a grassroots effort to promote conservation of the Cache River.
Construction on the $4-million center started in 2000. In 2004, the center opened its doors for community and school programs. In 2005, exhibits were complete and opened to the public two days a week. By November of that same year, the center expanded its hours to the present-day schedule – Wednesday through Sunday, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.

## Activities

The center provides a variety of programs, special events and school field trips for families, students, organized groups and individuals. Information about hunting, hiking, fishing or watching wildlife also is available.
Student programs feature hands-on activities and presentations that focus on wildlife, the values of wetlands and related resource issues.
# Herndon ArtSpace

38°58′16″N 77°23′15″W﻿ / ﻿38.9711°N 77.3875°W﻿ / 38.9711; -77.3875 Herndon ArtSpace is a local art gallery, arts lab and performance space located in downtown Herndon, Virginia. Devoted to the development of visual arts and media, as well as small-scale musical, dramatic and film arts, Artspace has been supporting the developments of arts and artists within the Herndon community and Fairfax County, Virginia. ArtSpace is a place to celebrate the arts, showcasing artwork and events by local, regionally, and nationally known artists and performers.
ArtSpace was first established in 2008 as a project of the Herndon Foundation for the Cultural Arts. The Foundation's mission is to promote and support the creation of a full-scale arts center in downtown Herndon. Each year, the Artspace presents between 10 and 11 exhibits. ArtSpace and the HFCA have recently merged with the Council for the Arts of Herndon under the new name "Arts Herndon". ArtSpace is continues to be used as a community gathering space for events. The gallery also includes space for classes and workshops. Entrance is free, and there is plentiful free parking. Works of art are for sale, as are small gifts. Ticketed events include music, film and drama.
ArtSpace Herndon is primarily staffed with volunteers and supported by grants and donations. As a community art center, ArtSpace Herndon relies on the generous support of citizens, businesses and organizations.
# 566

566 (DLXVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 566 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* A Byzantine army, under command of Baduarius, assists the Gepids in their war against the Lombards. The Byzantines win the first battle in the lower Danube (Moesia), but Gepid King Cunimund refuses to hand back the fortress city of Sirmium (modern Serbia), as he had promised.
* Emperor Justin II, facing an empty treasury, breaks the treaty with the Gepids that has existed since 565. King Alboin of the Lombards makes an alliance with the Avars under Bayan I, at the expense of tough conditions. They demand a tenth of the Lombards' cattle and half of the war booty.
* Justin II sends his cousin Justin to exile in Alexandria, where he is installed as Augustal prefect of Egypt. There he is murdered in his sleep, and his head is cut off and brought to Constantinople (most likely by assignment of Empress Sophia).

#### Europe

* Ainmuire mac Sétnai becomes High King of Ireland, and rules from 566–569 (this according to the Book of Leinster).

#### Francia

* A poet from Italy named Venantius Fortunatus arrives at the Merovingian court at Metz. With a strong grasp of traditional Roman poetry, Fortunatus impresses and entertains the Frankish royalty and aristocracy. The success of a Latin poet in Francia suggests that Roman culture persisted well after the Roman Empire disintegrated in Gaul in the late 5th century.

#### Asia

* Fei Di, age 12, succeeds his father Wen Di, as emperor of the Chinese Chen dynasty. He honors his grand-aunt Zhang Yao'er with the title of Grand Empress, and she becomes his regent.
* Kirtivarman I succeeds his father Pulakeshin I as king of the Chalukya dynasty (India). During his rule he completes the subjugation of the Kadambas and annexes the port of Goa.

#### Unidentified

* A major volcanic eruption occurs in the Antarctic.

## Births

* Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad (approximate date)
* Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang dynasty (d. 635)
* Xiao, empress of the Sui dynasty (approximate date)
* Yuchi Chifan, empress of Northern Zhou (d. 595)

## Deaths

* Domnall Ilchelgach, High King of Ireland
* Forggus mac Muirchertaig, High King
* Justin, Byzantine aristocrat and general
* Pulakeshin I, king of the Chalukya dynasty (India)
* Wen Di, emperor of the Chen dynasty (b. 522)