# Ef (Cyrillic)

The Cyrillic script :
Slavic letters :
| А | А̀ | А̂ | А̄ | Ӑ | Ӓ | Б | В |
| Г | Ґ | Д | Ђ | Ѓ | Е | Ѐ | Е̂ |
| Е̄ | Ё | Є | Є́ | Ж | З | З́ | Ѕ |
| И | І | І́ | Ї | Ꙇ | Ѝ | И̂ | Ӣ |
| Й | Ӥ | Ј | К | Л | Љ | М | Н |
| Њ | О | О̀ | О̂ | О̄ | Ӧ | П | Р |
| С | С́ | Т | Ћ | Ќ | У | У̀ | У̂ |
| Ӯ | Ў | Ӱ | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Џ |
| Ш | Щ | Ꙏ | Ъ | Ъ̀ | Ы | Ь | Ѣ |
| Э | Ю | Ю̀ | Я | Я̀ | ʼ | ˮ | |
Non-Slavic letters :
| А̊ | А̃ | Ӓ̄ | Ӕ | Ә | Ә́ | Ә̃ | Ӛ |
| В̌ | Ԝ | Г̑ | Г̇ | Г̣ | Г̌ | Г̂ | Г̆ |
| Г̈ | Г̊ | Ҕ | Ғ | | Ӻ | Ғ̌ | Ғ̊ |
| Ӷ | Г̡ | Д́ | Д̌ | Д̈ | Д̣ | Д̆ | Ӗ |
| Е̃ | Ё̄ | Є̈ | Ԑ | Ԑ̈ | Җ | Ӝ | Ӂ |
| Ж̣ | Ҙ | Ӟ | З̌ | З̣ | З̆ | Ӡ | И̃ |
| И̇ | Ҋ | Қ | Ӄ | Ҡ | Ҟ | Ҝ | К̣ |
| К̊ | Қ̊ | Ԛ | ᴫ | Л́ | Ӆ | Ԯ | Ԓ |
| Л̈ | Ӎ | ᵸ | Н́ | Ӊ | Ң | Ԩ | Ӈ |
| Ҥ | О̆ | О̃ | Ӧ̄ | Ө | Ө̄ | Ө́ | Ө̆ |
| Ӫ | Ԥ | П̈ | Р̌ | Ҏ | С̌ | Ҫ | С̣ |
| С̱ | Т́ | Т̈ | Т̌ | Т̇ | Т̣ | Ҭ | Ᲊ |
| У̃ | У̌ | Ӳ | У̊ | Ӱ̄ | Ұ | Ү | Ү́ |
| Х̣ | Х̱ | Х̮ | Х̑ | Х̌ | Ҳ | Ӽ | Х̊ |
| Ӿ | Ӿ̊ | Һ | Һ̈ | Ԧ | Ц̌ | Ц̈ | Ҵ |
| Ҷ | Ҷ̣ | Ӵ | Ӌ | | Ҹ | Ч̇ | Ч̣ |
| Ҽ | Ҿ | Ш̣ | ꚜ | Ы̆ | Ы̄ | Ӹ | ꚝ |
| Ҍ | Ҩ | Э̆ | Э̄ | Э̇ | Ӭ | Ӭ́ | Ӭ̄ |
| Ю̆ | Ю̈ | Ю̄ | Я̆ | Я̄ | Я̈ | Ӏ | |
Archaic or unused letters :
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓Д̀Д̨ԂꚀꙢЕ̇Е̨Ж̀Ж̑ꙂꙄЏ̆ꚄꚄ̆ꙀЗ̀З̑ԄԆꚈԪꚂꚔІ̂І̣І̨Ј̵Ј̃ꙈК̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂Л̀ԠꙤԈЛ̑Л̇ԔМ̀М̃ꙦН̀Н̄Н̧Н̃ԊԢН̡ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮꚘꚚП̓П̀П́ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀Р̃ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑ꚊТ̧ꚌꚌ̆ѸꙊУ̇У̨ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧Х̾Х̓һ̱ѠꙌѼѾꙠЦ̀Ц́Ц̓ꚎꚎ̆ꚐЧ́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓ԬꚒꚆꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆ꚖꚖ̆Ъ̄Ъ̈Ъ̈̄ꙐЫ̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆ꙒЭ̨Э̂ꙔЮ̂ꙖЯ̈Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦꙘѪꙚѨꙜѬѮѰѲѴѶꙞ :
List of Cyrillic letters
List of Cyrillic multigraphs :
vte :
Ef or Fe (Ф ф; italics: Ф ф) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, like the pronunciation of ⟨f⟩ in "fill, flee, or fall". The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as ⟨f⟩.

## History

The Cyrillic letter Ef was derived from the Greek letter Phi (Φ φ). It merged with and eliminated the letter Fita (Ѳ) in the Russian alphabet in 1918.
The name of Ef in the Early Cyrillic alphabet is фрьтъ (fr̥tŭ or frĭtŭ), in later Church Slavonic and Russian form it became фертъ (fert).
In the Cyrillic numeral system, Ef has a value of 500.

## Appearance and usage in Slavic languages

The Slavic languages have almost no native words containing /f/. This sound did not exist in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It arose in Greek and Latin from PIE *bʰ (which yielded Slavic /b/). In some instances in Latin, it represented historical th-fronting and derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ. In the Germanic languages, the f sound arose from PIE *p via Grimm's law, which remained unchanged in Slavic. The letter ф is thus almost exclusively found in words of foreign origin, especially Greek (from φ and sometimes from θ), Latin, French, German, Dutch, English, and Turkic languages
Example borrowings in Russian:
* from Greek: катастрофа, "catastrophe" (from φ); Фёдор, "Theodore" (from θ; cf. Bulgarian Тодор)
* from Latin: федерация, "federation"; эффект, "effect"
* from German: картофель, "potato" (from Kartoffel); фунт, "pound" (from Pfund)
* from Dutch: флаг, "flag"
* from English: офис, "office"
* from French: Франция, "France"
The few native Slavic words with this letter (in different languages) are examples of onomatopoeia (like Russian verbs фукать, фыркать etc.) or reflect sporadic pronunciation shifts:
* from пв /pv/: Serbian уфати 'to hope' (cf. Church Slavonic уповатиcode: chu promoted to code: cu 'to hope')
* from хв /xv/: Macedonian сфати '(he) understands' (cf. Church Slavonic схватитиcode: chu promoted to code: cu 'to take, to catch'), Russian дрофа 'bustard' (cf. Ukrainian дрохва 'bustard')
* from кв /kv/: Russian филин 'eagle-owl' (cf. Ukrainian квилити 'to cry')
* from х /x/: Russian toponym Фили 'Fili' (from хилый 'sickly')

### Slavic languages

Ef is the 21st letter of the Bulgarian alphabet; the 22nd letter of the Russian alphabet; the 23rd letter of the Belarusian alphabet; the 25th letter of the Serbian and Ukrainian alphabet; and the 26th letter of the Macedonian alphabet. It represents the consonant /f/ unless it is before a palatalizing vowel, when it represents /fʲ/.

## Related letters and other similar characters

* Φ φ/ϕ : Greek letter Phi
* Ѳ ѳ : Cyrillic letter Fita
* F f : Latin letter F
* Փ փ : Armenian letter Piwr
* Q q Latin letter Q
* Ჶ ჶ Fi (letter)

## Computing codes

Character information :
| Preview | Ф | Ф | ф | ф |
| Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1060 | U+0424 | 1092 | U+0444 |
| UTF-8 | 208 164 | D0 A4 | 209 132 | D1 84 |
| Numeric character reference | &#1060; | &#x424; | &#1092; | &#x444; |
| Named character reference | &Fcy; | &Fcy; | &fcy; | &fcy; |
| KOI8-R and KOI8-U | 230 | E6 | 198 | C6 |
| Code page 855 | 171 | AB | 170 | AA |
| Code page 866 | 148 | 94 | 228 | E4 |
| Windows-1251 | 212 | D4 | 244 | F4 |
| ISO-8859-5 | 196 | C4 | 228 | E4 |
| Macintosh Cyrillic | 148 | 94 | 244 | F4 |

## Cultural references

The phraseologism "стоять фертом", "to stand as fert" means "to stand with arms akimbo".