OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Hoffman (composer)

Richard Hoffman (24 May 1831 – 17 August 1909) was an English-born American pianist and composer.

## Early life and education

Richard Hoffman was born on 24 May 1831 in Manchester, England. He migrated to New York City in his 16th year. He received early instruction from Anton Rubinstein, Franz Liszt, Sigismond Thalberg, Theodor Döhler and Leopold von Meyer.

## Career

After his arrival in America he made a tour of the country as a soloist, and accompanied Jenny Lind on her tours beginning in 1850. He also played with Louis Moreau Gottschalk and in 1875 with Hans von Bülow in New York. He also appeared with the New York Philharmonic regularly.
He composed music for the piano, songs, anthems, ballads and church music and was also a teacher. He attained an international reputation for his performances. He wrote Some Musical Recollections of Fifty Years about his life, which was published in 1910.

## Personal life

Hoffman married Fidelia Marshall Lamson in 1869. They had a daughter, Malvina Hoffman, who was a portrait sculptor.
He died on 17 August 1909 in Mount Kisco, New York. The marble replica of the bust of her father was exhibited at the National Academy of Design.

## Selected recordings

* "Dixiana", and "In Memoriam L.M.G." on recital The Wind Demon and other 19th-century piano works by Ivan Davis (piano)
# Shadi Beg

Shādī Beg (Persian: شادی بیگ; Turki/Kypchak: شادی بک) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1399 to 1407. He was the protégé of the all-powerful beglerbeg Edigu.

## Ancestry

According to the Muʿizz al-ansāb and the Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah, Shādī Beg was a son of Qutlū Beg, and thus a first cousin of his predecessor Tīmūr Qutluq. Both descended from Tuqa-Timur, the son of Jochi, the son of Chinggis Khan.

## Reign

On the death of his cousin, Tīmūr Qutluq, allegedly from drunkenness, Shādī Beg was made khan by the beglerbeg Edigu, in late 1399 or early 1400. Edigu may have considered Shādī Beg's youth and inexperience likely to ensure the beglerbeg's continued hold on power. The Russian prince Ivan Mihajlovič was invested with the Grand Principality of Tver' by Shādī Beg in 1400. Edigu focused on his vendetta against the former khan Tokhtamysh, waging war against him in Sibir in 1400–1406, lasting for most of Shādī Beg's reign. In the early winter of 1406, Edigu's troops succeeded in attacking and killing Tokhtamysh on the Tobol River. Also in 1406, Shādī Beg supported the grand prince of Moscow Vasilij I Dmitrievič by sending a force to assist the Muscovites against Lithuania. Vasilij had evaded both sending regular tribute to the khan and traveling to the khan's court, although he had given Shādī Beg's envoy, his treasurer, gifts for the khan in 1405.
As khan, Shādī Beg claimed responsibility for the victory over Tokhtamysh, and apparently became increasingly dissatisfied with his position as a puppet monarch. He began to plot the elimination of Edigu, but the powerful beglerbeg discovered it on time and anticipated it, in late 1407. Shādī Beg fled, first to (old) Astrakhan, then to Shirvan. Here, Shādī Beg received asylum from the local ruler (Shirwānshāh) Ibrāhīm, who recognized him as khan and issued coins in his name until 1409. Edigu, who had made Tīmūr Qutluq's son Pūlād khan in Shādī Beg's place, demanded the fugitive khan's extradition, but was met with refusal. However, in 1409, Edigu's agents succeeded in murdering Shādī Beg at Shamakhi.

## Descendants

Shādī Beg had several children, most notably Ghiyāth ad-Dīn, who claimed the throne of the Golden Horde after 1421, holding Bolghar in 1423-1425 and Sarai in 1425-1426. Ghiyāth ad-Dīn's son Muṣṭafā also claimed the throne, from (old) Astrakhan, in 1431-1433; he died in 1464.

## Genealogy

* Genghis Khan
* Jochi
* Tuqa-Timur
* Kay-Timur
* Abay
* Numqan
* Qutlugh Beg
* Shadi Beg
# Dumnagual III of Alt Clut

Dumnagual III (Welsh: Dyfnwal ap Tewdwr, died c. 760) was a king of Strathclyde in the mid-eighth century (probably 754–760). According to the Harleian genealogies, he was the son of Teudebur, one of his predecessors.
According to Symeon of Durham, his kingdom was invaded by both King Óengus I of the Picts and King Eadberht of Northumbria. The same source indicates that on August 1, 756, they arrived at Alt Clut (Dumbarton Rock, Dumnagual's capital) and obtained the homage of the Britons. However, nine days later, the Northumbrian king's army was destroyed while Eadberht was leading it between "Ouania" and "Niwanbirig", probably meaning "Govan" and "Anglian Northumbria". Dumnagual is usually regarded as the king of Alt Clut in the period, but it has also been suggested that the destroyer of the Northumbrian army was Óengus. Phillimore's reconstruction of the Annales Cambriae puts Dumnagual's death in battle at 760. It is thought likely that the territory of Alt Clut remained under Pictish or joint Pictish and English control in the years following his death. Dumnagual is the last British king of Alt Clut to be known as anything more than a name until the later ninth century.
# Cofactor Genomics

Cofactor Genomics is a biotech company that primarily focuses on drug development, medical research, and personalized medicine.

## Overview

Cofactor Genomics was founded in August 2008 by Jarret Glasscock, Matt Hickenbotham, and Ryan Richt. The technological advances brought on by Next Gen sequencing encouraged Glasscock, Hickenbotham and Richt to leave Washington University Genome Center and purchase their first Next Gen genome analyzer with capital raised from an angel investor in California.
In November 2013, Cofactor Genomics opened a 10,000 ft$^2$ headquarters in St. Louis, MO. The company also has offices in San Diego and San Francisco. In July 2015, Cofactor Genomics was awarded a $1.5 million Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In addition to working with clients such as Ozzy Osbourne, Cofactor Genomics is involved in a number of research projects, including the preservation of the White Rhino and the Black Footed Ferret.

## Executive officers

Jarret Glasscock is a co-founder as well as the chief executive officer of Cofactor Genomics. Glasscock completed his undergraduate degree at the University of Arizona, where he majored in biology with a focus in the computer sciences. Upon graduation, Glasscock pursued his doctorate in genetics at Washington University in St. Louis, where he studied under Warren Gish, developer of the NCBI BLAST sequence analysis program.
Jon Armstrong is the chief scientific officer of Cofactor Genomics. After acquiring his master's degree in neuroscience, Armstrong spent nine years in the Genome Center at Washington University's Technology Development Group.
David Messina is the chief operating officer of Cofactor Genomics. He has spent the last 19 years in computational biology and genetics. He worked on the Human Genome Project at Washington University in St. Louis, trained in molecular biology and human genetics at the University of Chicago, and earned his PhD in computational biology in Stockholm, Sweden.
# Aeternitas

In ancient Roman religion, Aeternitas was the divine personification of eternity. She was particularly associated with Imperial cult as a virtue of the deified emperor (divus). The religious maintenance of abstract deities such as Aeternitas was characteristic of official Roman cult from the time of the Julio-Claudians to the Severans.
Like the more familiar anthropomorphic deities, Aeternitas and other abstractions were cultivated with sacrifices and temples, both in Rome and in the provinces. The temple of Aeternitas Augusta at Tarraco in Roman Spain was pictured on a coin.
The divinity sometimes appears as Aeternitas Imperii (the "Eternity of Roman rule"), where the Latin word imperium ("command, power") points toward the meaning "empire," the English word derived from it. Aeternitas Imperii was among the deities who received sacrifices from the Arval Brethren in a thanksgiving when Nero survived conspiracy and attempted assassination. New bronze coinage was issued at this time, on which various virtues were represented. Aeternitas was among the many virtues depicted on coinage issued under Vespasian, Titus, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Septimius Severus.
The coins issued 75–79 AD under Vespasian show Aeternitas holding a head in each hand representing Sol and Luna. On the coins of Titus (80–81 AD), Aeternitas holds a cornucopia, leans on a scepter, and has one foot placed on a globe, imagery that links the concepts of eternity, prosperity, and world dominion. From the 2nd to the mid-3rd century, the iconography of Aeternitas includes the globe, celestial bodies (stars, or sun and moon), and the phoenix, a symbol of cyclical time, since the phoenix was reborn in flames every 500 years. Aeternitas sometimes holds the globe on which the phoenix perches.
In The Marriage of Philology and Mercury, Martianus Capella says that Aeternitas is among the more honored of Jupiter's daughters. He mentions her diadem, the circular shape of which represents eternity.
The male equivalent of Aeternitas is Aion, the god of unbound time, the celestial spheres, and the Zodiac.
# Morristown station

Morristown station is a NJ Transit rail station on the Morristown Line, serving the town of Morristown, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. It serves an average of 1,800 passengers on a typical weekday. Construction of the historic station began in 1912 and the facility opened November 3, 1913. A station agent and waiting room are available weekdays. The station's interior was featured in Cyndi Lauper's "Time After Time" video in 1984. Just west of the station, at Baker Interlocking, the Morristown and Erie Railway branches off the NJT line. The M&E's offices and shop are here.
Morristown received accessible mini-high level platforms in 2005 to make the station handicapped accessible. The eastbound ramp is near Morris Street and the westbound ramp is just west of the old freight house. Morristown station has 455 parking spaces spread across three different lots near the station.

## History

A predecessor station was the terminus of the Morris and Essex Railroad, using the same railbed, constructed in 1835.
Ultimately the line extended to the east to Hoboken and the Hudson River connecting to New York by ferry.
The line was previously used by a series of Delaware, Lackawanna and Western and Erie Lackawanna railway companies from the 19th century until the 1960s. The Morristown and Erie Railroad (not to be confused with the Morris and Essex) operated passenger service to Essex Fells until 1928. In earlier years long distance trains, such as the Chicagoan and the Lackawanna Limited, stopped at the station on their trips west. Since 1947, main line interstate trains going west beyond Dover station bypassed the station. However, in spring 2021, Amtrak announced plans for potential New York–Scranton route. Amtrak included Morristown station as an intermediate stop between Summit station and Dover station.
In 1913, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western station house was built, designed by Frank J. Nies. In 1980, it was named to the National Register of Historic Places.

## Station layout

The station has two tracks, each with a mini-high and low-level side platform.
# California Department of General Services

The California Department of General Services (DGS) is a state government agency in the California Government Operations Agency of the executive branch of the government of California in the United States. It provides a large number of services to other agencies in the government of California, playing a role that is similar to that played by the General Services Administration for the federal government of the United States.
In 1951, the California State Assembly's Interim Committee on Governmental Reorganization began to study a proposal to consolidate purchasing, printing, records management, traffic management, building maintenance, grounds maintenance, and information services into a single agency, to be called the Department of General Services. The purpose of this proposal was "to reduce the staggering overhead involved in the present practice of maintaining these functions separately in each State administrative agency".
This proposal was one of several long-running reform ideas floating around Sacramento since the late 1930s which were consolidated by Governor Pat Brown in 1961 into a plan for a dramatic reorganization of the state government. Brown's massive plan touched off an equally massive uproar, and he was unable to get his plan enacted all at once as a single package. That year, the California State Legislature enacted only part of the first part of Brown's plan, to create four so-called "super-agencies" (of eight then planned) headed by secretaries to reduce the number of Cabinet-level direct reports to the governor. (The hyphen was later dropped and they are now called superagencies.) In 1963, after the Little Hoover Commission filed a report recommending the creation of a Department of General Services, Governor Brown formally asked the state legislature to create such a department, and in March, Milton Marks introduced a bill to that effect in the state assembly. By June, the bill had cleared the California State Senate and went back to the assembly for a vote to concur in the senate's minor amendments to the bill, which Marks indicated would follow in due course. By September, Governor Brown had signed the bill into state law and had started to appoint officials to positions in the new department.
Since 2001, DGS headquarters has been located at The Ziggurat in West Sacramento.

## Offices and divisions

* Building Standards Commission
* California Commission on Disability Access
* Division of the State Architect
* Facilities Management Division
* Office of Administrative Hearings
* Office of Audit Services
* Office of Business and Acquisition Services
* Office of Fiscal Services
* Office of Fleet and Asset Management
* Office of Human Resources
* Office of Legal Services
* Office of Public School Construction
* Office of Risk and Insurance Management
* Office of State Publishing
* Office of Sustainability
* Office of Training and Administrative Standards
* Procurement Division
* Real Estate Services Division
# Moulton Junction, Iowa

Moulton Junction was a railroad junction in Appanoose County, Iowa where two railroads, Norfolk Southern Railway and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (Rock Island), formerly met.
# California State Personnel Board

The California State Personnel Board (SPB), one of California's constitutional offices, is one of the California agencies responsible for administration of the merit-based civil service employment system for California state agencies, the other being the California Department of Human Resources.

## History

The Board was established by Article VII, section 2 of the California Constitution, as amended on June 8, 1976. Staff positions in the Supreme Court of California, the California Courts of Appeal, the California Legislature, the University of California and the California State University are not administered by the board.

## Functions

The board sets and enforces rules for state civil service appointments and exams, and maintains a staff of administrative law judges to resolve various human resources issues, such as whistleblower complaints, disability and medical condition discrimination complaints including reasonable accommodation denials and appeals from unfavorable human resources decisions (e.g. reprimand, salary reduction, suspension without pay, demotion or dismissal). Appeals from the Board's administrative law department are heard by the Board itself.
With the exception of board hearing procedures relating to disciplinary and merit matters, disability and medical discrimination complaints, public testimony or participation, drug testing and grounds for employee discipline, the Board is exempt from the Administrative Procedure Act. However, even when subject to the Act, it is exempt from a variety of the Act's most onerous requirements, such as performing an adverse economic impact analysis.
The Board has faced controversy for some of its decisions, such as its order reinstating a nurse's aide who removed money from an elderly man's drawer in a police sting prompted by thousands of dollars in thefts from the veteran's home in which she worked, as well as favorable decisions in the cases of doctors who peers considered unsafe around patients, and a psychiatric technician who hit a patient with his shoes.

## Membership

As of February 22, 2022, the SPB is composed of the following five members:
| Name | Position |
| Kathy Baldree | President |
| Mona Pasquil Rogers | Vice President |
| Shawnda Westly | SPB Member and CalPERS Representative |
| Kimiko Burton | SPB Member |
| Lauri Shanahan | SPB Member |
# Colorado Division of Youth Services

The Colorado Division of Youth Services (formerly the Colorado Division of Youth Corrections) is a division of the Colorado Department of Human Services and is based in Denver. The division supervises and cares for youth the district courts commit to its custody. It operates ten detention or residential facilities for youth aged 10 to 21. The division also manages juvenile parole in Colorado.
# Orlík

Orlík may refer to:
* Orlican VT-16 Orlík, Czechoslovakian glider of 1959
* Orlík nad Vltavou, a municipality and village in the Czech Republic
** Orlík Reservoir
** Orlík Castle
* 11339 Orlík, an asteroid
* Orlík (band), a former Czech band
* Orlík, mountain in the Czech Republic

## People

* Emil Orlík (1870–1932), Czech painter, etcher and lithographer
# Mountain View station (Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad)

Mountain View was a station on the Boonton Branch of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. Located in the Mountain View section of Wayne Township, New Jersey, the station was at the Parish Drive bridge over the tracks. The station was 20.8 miles (33.5 km) away from its terminus at Hoboken Terminal on the shores of the Hudson River, where connections would be made to New York City via ferry and the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad. The western terminus. Denville, was 12.8 miles (20.6 km) away, where connections with the Morris and Essex Railroad were available. Just west of the station was Mountain View junction, where a connection to the Erie Railroad's New York and Greenwood Lake Railway was made.

## History

Construction of the railroad through the Mountain View section of Wayne began in 1869 when the Morris and Essex Railroad began building a freight line. Mountain View station opened on May 12, 1877 after construction began in the summer of 1873 with the North Bergen Tunnel through Bergen Hill. The new tunnel would get service on the Lackawanna to Hoboken for its new terminal. The station was rebuilt in 1909 by the railroad. The Parish Drive overpass was built north of the station in 1939 as part of work for the Works Progress Administration.
The station closed in April 1963 after the right-of-way through Paterson was purchased for the construction of Route 20 and Interstate 80. Mountain View was one of three stops closed when the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad moved service to the Main Line of the former Erie north of Paterson. The others were Totowa–Little Falls and Paterson's Marshall Street station.
Mountain View station on both the Lackawanna and the Erie served as connector points with bus service to the nearby Packanack Lake. People could commute to the lake by taking the train to either station, meeting with the free bus.
# Pavel Mikšík

Pavel Mikšík (born July 27, 1943) is a Slovak architect and designer working in the field of fountain design.

## Biography

Pavel Mikšík was born in Bratislava, Slovakia. He was introduced to fine arts in early childhood by his father. In school he excelled in both drawing and technical subjects. He decided on the Faculty of Architecture at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. Mikšík changed to the Department of Sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Bratislava. He graduated in 1968.

## Early works

After graduation Mikšík won another First prize, this time for Dr. Clementis Memorial.

## Contemporary works

Mikšík has specialised in the creation of fountains, from interior and drinking fountains to large-scale monumental pieces.

## Memberships

Mikšík is a member of Professional Artist Group ART-CLUB+8. He takes part in annual exhibitions. He works and lives near Bratislava, Slovakia.

## List of major works

* 2006 – Monument with light effects in Záhorská Bystrica (Slovakia)
* 2005 – Fountain in the Main Square in Šamorín (Slovakia)
* 1995 – Fountain in the historical square in Dolný Kubín (Slovakia)
* 1993 – Fountain for the Karlskrohn Town Hall (Germany)
* 1993 – Fountain in Cham (Germany)

## Exhibitions

* (1995) Pictures and Bronze Figures - Ingolstadt (Germany)
* (1988) Artprotis - Newark (USA)
* (1982) Bronze Figures - Zurich (Switzerland)
# American Idol Season 4: The Showstoppers

Season 4: The Showstoppers contains one cover song from each of the top 12 finalists during season 4 of the television show American Idol, along with a song that features all 12 of them together.
The CD was certified gold on July 26, 2005.
* "Independence Day" (Martina McBride) – 3:22 Carrie Underwood
* "I Don't Wanna Be" (Gavin DeGraw) – 3:40 Bo Bice
* "Best of My Love" (The Emotions) – 3:31 Vonzell Solomon
* "A House Is Not A Home" (Luther Vandross) – 3:18 Anwar Robinson
* "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" (Dusty Springfield) – 2:54 Nadia Turner
* "Part-Time Lover" (Stevie Wonder) – 3:44 Nikko Smith
* "My Funny Valentine" (from Babes in Arms) – 3:16 Constantine Maroulis
* "Total Eclipse of the Heart" (Bonnie Tyler) – 4:33 Jessica Sierra
* "Every Time You Go Away" (Paul Young) – 3:53 Anthony Fedorov
* "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" (Phil Collins) – 3:21 Scott Savol
* "Knock On Wood" (Eddie Floyd) – 2:52 Lindsey Cardinale
* "God Bless the Child" (Billie Holiday) – 3:32 Mikalah Gordon
* "When You Tell Me That You Love Me" (Diana Ross) – 3:44 American Idol Season 4 Finalists
# Earl Mattingly

Laurence Earl Mattingly (November 4, 1904 – September 8, 1993) was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched in eight games for the 1931 Brooklyn Robins.