# Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency

Thiruvananthapuram Parliamentary (Lok Sabha) Constituency is one of the 20 parliamentary constituencies in Kerala, India. It is located in Thiruvananthapuram district and encompasses the major part of Thiruvananthapuram city, the capital of Kerala State.
The incumbent MP of this constituency is Dr. Shashi Tharoor of the Indian National Congress, who has been elected consecutively on 4 occasions- 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2024. He is also the longest serving Member of Parliament representing the Thiruvananthapuram constituency.

## Demographics

As per the electoral roll for 2024 polls, the total electorate is of 14,03,281 people including 7,27,469 women, 6,75,771 men and 41 transgenders. Out of total electorate, 26% is rural and 74% is urban. The Scheduled castes (SC) and Scheduled tribes (ST) is 9.82% and 0.45%, respectively of total electorate. As per Census 2011 estimates the Thiruvananthapuram district has 66.46% Hindus, 19.10% Christians and 13.72% Muslims. The constituency also has highest proportion of Nadars and Converted Christians in Kerala.
As per the voter list published by the Election commission for the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, there were 13,34,665 voters in the electorate and 1077 polling stations in this constituency. The voter turnout for the 2019 Lok Sabha election was 73.45% where as it was 68.63% and 65.74% in the 2014 and 2009 elections respectively.

## Assembly segments

Thiruvananthapuram Parliament constituency is composed of the following legislative assembly segments:
| # | Name | District | Member | Party | 2024 lead |
| 132 | Kazhakootam | Thiruvananthapuram | Kadakampally Surendran | CPI(M) | BJP |
| 133 | Vattiyoorkavu | Thiruvananthapuram | V. K. Prasanth | CPI(M) | BJP |
| 134 | Thiruvananthapuram | Thiruvananthapuram | Antony Raju | JKC | INC |
| 135 | Nemom | Thiruvananthapuram | V. Sivankutty | CPI(M) | BJP |
| 137 | Parassala | Thiruvananthapuram | C. K. Hareendran | CPI(M) | INC |
| 139 | Kovalam | Thiruvananthapuram | M. Vincent | INC | INC |
| 140 | Neyyattinkara | Thiruvananthapuram | K. Ansalan | CPI(M) | INC |

## Members of Parliament

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1952 | Annie Mascarene | Independent |
| 1957 | Easwara Iyer | Independent |
| 1962 | P. S. Nataraja Pillai | Independent |
| 1967 | P. Viswambharan | Samyukta Socialist Party |
| 1971 | V. K. Krishna Menon | Independent |
| 1977 | M. N. Govindan Nair | Communist Party of India |
| 1980 | Neelalohithadasan Nadar | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1984 | A. Charles | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | A. Charles | Indian National Congress |
| 1991 | A. Charles | Indian National Congress |
| 1996 | K. V. Surendranath | Communist Party of India |
| 1998 | K. Karunakaran | Indian National Congress |
| 1999 | V. S. Sivakumar | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | P. K. Vasudevan Nair | Communist Party of India |
| 2005^ | Pannian Ravindran | Communist Party of India |
| 2009 | Shashi Tharoor | Indian National Congress |
| 2014 | Shashi Tharoor | Indian National Congress |
| 2019 | Shashi Tharoor | Indian National Congress |
| 2024 | Shashi Tharoor | Indian National Congress |
^ indicates bypolls

## Election results

Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.
Vote share of Winning candidates :
| 2024 | 2024 | 37.19% | 37.19% |
| 2019 | 2019 | 41.19% | 41.19% |
| 2014 | 2014 | 34.09% | 34.09% |
| 2009 | 2009 | 40.29% | 40.29% |
| 2005 | 2005 | 51.41% | 51.41% |
| 2004 | 2004 | 37.45% | 37.45% |
| 1999 | 1999 | 38.15% | 38.15% |
| 1998 | 1998 | 44.35% | 44.35% |
| 1996 | 1996 | 44.38% | 44.38% |
| 1991 | 1991 | 47.00% | 47.00% |
| 1989 | 1989 | 49.02% | 49.02% |
| 1984 | 1984 | 43.00% | 43.00% |
| 1980 | 1980 | 60.90% | 60.90% |
| 1977 | 1977 | 56.32% | 56.32% |
| 1971 | 1971 | 53.00% | 53.00% |
| 1967 | 1967 | 47.40% | 47.40% |
| 1962 | 1962 | 0% | 0% |
| 1957 | 1957 | 0% | 0% |

### General election 2024

2024 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Dr. Shashi Tharoor | 358,155 | 37.19 | 4.00 |
| | BJP | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | 342,078 | 35.52 | 4.22 |
| | CPI | Pannyan Raveendran | 247,648 | 25.72 | 0.12 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 6,753 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 16,077 | 1.66 | 8.23 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,62,983 | 66.47 | 7.23 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 14,30,531 | | 4.30 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | 4.0 | |
Legislative Assembly Wise Results
| No. | Assembly | 1st Position | Party | Votes | % | 2nd Position | Party | Votes | % | 3rd Position | Party | Votes | % | Margin |
| 132 | Kazhakootam | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | BJP | 50,444 | 40.56% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 39,602 | 31.84% | Pannyan Raveendran | CPI | 34,382 | 26.81% | 10,842 |
| 133 | Vattiyoorkavu | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | BJP | 53,025 | 42.02% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 44,863 | 35.52% | Pannyan Raveendran | CPI | 28,336 | 22.45% | 8,162 |
| 134 | Thiruvananthapuram | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 48,296 | 40.58% | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | BJP | 43,755 | 36.78% | Pannyan Raveendran | CPI | 27,076 | 22.71% | 4,541 |
| 135 | Nemom | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | BJP | 61,227 | 45.80% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 39,101 | 29.26% | Pannyan Raveendran | CPI | 33,322 | 24.94% | 22,126 |
| 137 | Parassala | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 59,026 | 38.93% | Pannyan Raveendran | CPI | 46,654 | 30.77% | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | BJP | 45,957 | 30.30% | 13,069 |
| 139 | Kovalam | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 64,042 | 42.54% | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | BJP | 47,376 | 31.48% | Pannyan Raveendran | CPI | 39,137 | 26.00% | 16,666 |
| 140 | Neyyattinkara | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 58,749 | 45.09% | Rajeev Chandrasekhar | BJP | 36,136 | 27.68% | Pannyan Raveendran | CPI | 35,526 | 27.23% | 22,613 |

### General election 2019

There were 1,334,665 registered voters in Thiruvananthapuram Constituency for the 2019 Lok Sabha Election. The Constituency recorded a polling percentage of 73.45% of the total electorate.

#### Party wise Results

2019 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Dr. Shashi Tharoor | 416,131 | 41.19 | 7.10 |
| | BJP | Kummanam Rajasekharan | 316,142 | 31.30 | 1.02 |
| | CPI | C. Divakaran | 258,556 | 25.60 | 2.90 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 4,580 | 0.45 | 0.07 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 99,989 | 9.89 | 8.12 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,011,268 | 73.74 | 5.11 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | 7.10 | |

#### Legislative Assembly wise Results

| No. | Assembly | 1st Position | Party | Votes | % | 2nd Position | Party | Votes | % | 3rd Position | Party | Votes | % | NOTA | Margin |
| 132 | Kazhakootam | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 46964 | 35.50% | Kummanam Rajasekharan | BJP | 45479 | 34.38% | C. Divakaran | CPI | 37688 | 28.49% | 648 | 1385 |
| 133 | Vattiyoorkavu | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 53545 | 39.46% | Kummanam Rajasekharan | BJP | 50709 | 37.37% | C. Divakaran | CPI | 29414 | 21.67% | 690 | 2836 |
| 134 | Thiruvananthapuram | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 57077 | 43.98% | Kummanam Rajasekharan | BJP | 42877 | 33.08% | C. Divakaran | CPI | 27530 | 21.23% | 647 | 14200 |
| 135 | Nemom | Kummanam Rajasekharan | BJP | 58513 | 41.40% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 46472 | 32.88% | C. Divakaran | CPI | 33921 | 24.00% | 748 | 12041 |
| 137 | Parassala | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 69944 | 42.57% | C. Divakaran | CPI | 47942 | 29.18% | Kummanam Rajasekharan | BJP | 42887 | 26.10% | 621 | 27057 |
| 139 | Kovalam | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 73221 | 45.65% | C. Divakaran | CPI | 42050 | 26.22% | Kummanam Rajasekharan | BJP | 41092 | 25.62% | 616 | 32129 |
| 140 | Neyyattinkara | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 66834 | 47.71% | C. Divakaran | CPI | 37925 | 27.07% | Kummanam Rajasekharan | BJP | 32368 | 23.11% | 583 | 34466 |

### General Election 2014
#### Party wise Results

2014 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Dr. Shashi Tharoor | 297,806 | 34.09 | 10.20 |
| | BJP | O. Rajagopal | 2,82,336 | 32.32 | 20.92 |
| | CPI | Bennet Abraham | 2,48,941 | 28.50 | 2.24 |
| | AAP | Ajit Joy | 14,153 | 1.62 | N/A |
| | SDPI | Kunnil Shajahan | 4,820 | 0.55 | N/A |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 3,346 | 0.38 | −−− |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 15,470 | 1.77 | 11.78 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,73,441 | 68.63 | 2.89 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | 10.20 | |

#### Legislative Assembly wise Results

| No. | Assembly | 1st Position | Party | Votes | % | 2nd Position | Party | Votes | % | 3rd Position | Party | Votes | % | NOTA | Margin |
| 132 | Kazhakoottam | O. Rajagopal | BJP | 41829 | 37.1% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 34220 | 30.4% | Bennet Abraham | CPI | 31799 | 28.2% | 483 | 7609 |
| 133 | Vattiyoorkavu | O. Rajagopal | BJP | 43589 | 37.1% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 40663 | 34.6% | Bennet Abraham | CPI | 27504 | 23.4% | 716 | 2926 |
| 134 | Thiruvananthapuram | O. Rajagopal | BJP | 40835 | 36.0% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 39027 | 34.4% | Bennet Abraham | CPI | 27385 | 24.1% | 578 | 1808 |
| 135 | Nemom | O. Rajagopal | BJP | 50685 | 42.1% | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 32639 | 27.1% | Bennet Abraham | CPI | 31643 | 26.3% | 523 | 18046 |
| 137 | Parassala | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 50360 | 34.8% | Bennet Abraham | CPI | 47953 | 33.2% | O. Rajagopal | BJP | 39753 | 27.5% | 357 | 10607 |
| 139 | Kovalam | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 51401 | 37.7% | Bennet Abraham | CPI | 42112 | 30.9% | O. Rajagopal | BJP | 36169 | 26.5% | 347 | 15232 |
| 140 | Neyyattinkara | Shashi Tharoor | INC | 48009 | 39.3% | Bennet Abraham | CPI | 39806 | 32.6% | O. Rajagopal | BJP | 28958 | 23.7% | 336 | 19051 |

### General Election 2009

2009 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Shashi Tharoor | 326,725 | 44.29 | 2.65 |
| | CPI | P. Ramachandran Nair | 226,727 | 30.74 | 20.66 |
| | BSP | A. Neelalohithadasan Nadar | 86,233 | 11.69 | N/A |
| | BJP | P. K. Krishna Das | 84,094 | 11.40 | 6.57 |
| | NCP | M. P. Gangadharan | 2,972 | 0.40 | |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 99,998 | 13.55 | 34.77 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 737,641 | 65.74 | 2.81 |
| | INC gain from CPI | INC gain from CPI | Swing | 45.26 | |

### By-Election 2005

By-Election, 2005: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | CPI | Pannyan Raveendran | 490,324 | 51.41 | 13.96 |
| | INC | V. S. Sivakumar | 316,124 | 41.64 | 11.34 |
| | BJP | C. K. Padmanabhan | 36,690 | 4.83 | 25.03 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 74,200 | 9.77 | +35.89 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 859,237 | 68.13 | −0.66 |
| | CPI hold | CPI hold | Swing | +36.45 | |

### General Election 2004

2004 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | CPI | P. K. Vasudevan Nair | 386,057 | 37.45 | 1.22 |
| | INC | V. S. Sivakumar | 231,454 | 30.30 | 7.85 |
| | BJP | O. Rajagopal | 228,052 | 29.86 | 8.93 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 54,603 | 7.15 | 5.24 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 864,317 | 68.7 | 5.52 |
| | CPI gain from INC | CPI gain from INC | Swing | 24.18% | |

### General Election 1999

1999 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | V. S. Sivakumar | 288,390 | 38.15 | 6.2 |
| | CPI | Kaniyapuram Ramachandran | 273,905 | 36.23 | 6.1 |
| | BJP | O. Rajagopal | 158,221 | 20.93 | 8.54 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 14,485 | 1.91 | 0.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 757,497 | 63.18% | 2.56 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | -14.53% | |

### General Election 1998

1998 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | K. Karunakaran | 337,429 | 44.35% | 2.92 |
| | CPI | K.V. Surendranath | 322,031 | 42.33 | 2.05 |
| | BJP | Kerala Varma Raja | 94,303 | 12.39 | 1.76 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 15,398 | 2.01 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 766,775 | 65.74 | |
| | INC gain from CPI | INC gain from CPI | Swing | | |

### General Election 1996

1996 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | CPI | K.V. Surendranath | 312,622 | 44.38 |
| | INC | A. Charles | 291,820 | 41.43 |
| | BJP | K. Raman Pillai | 74,904 | 10.63 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 20,802 | 2.95 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 721,087 | 64.56 |
| | CPI gain from INC | CPI gain from INC | Swing | |

### General Election 1991

1991 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | A. Charles | 334,272 | 46.99 |
| | CPI | E. J. Vijayamma | 290,602 | 40.85 |
| | BJP | O. Rajagopal | 80,566 | 11.33 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 43,670 | 6.14 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 721,412 | 68.89 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | |

### General Election 1989

1989 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | A. Charles | 367,825 | 49.02 |
| | CPI | O. N. V. Kurup | 326,912 | 42.23 |
| | BJP | P. Asok Kumar | 56,046 | 7.47 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 50,913 | 6.79 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 754,853 | 73.78 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | |

### General Election 1984

1984 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | A. Charles | 239,791 | 43.00 | |
| | LKD | Neelalohithadasan Nadar | 186,353 | 33.41 | −27% |
| | Hindu Munnani (KL) | Kerala Varma Raja | 110,449 | 19.80 | |
| | Independent | Madhavikutty | 1,786 | 0.32 | |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 53,438 | 9.58 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 561984 | 71.70 | |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | | |

### General Election 1980

1980 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | Neelalohithadasan Nadar | 273,818 | 60.90 |
| | CPI | M. N. Govindan Nair | 166,761 | 37.09 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 107,057 | 23.81 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 453,458 | 63.44 |
| | INC gain from CPI | INC gain from CPI | Swing | |

### General Election 1977

1977 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | CPI | M. N. Govindan Nair | 244,277 | 56.32 |
| | JP | P. Vishwambharan | 174,455 | 40.22 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 69,822 | 16.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 448,586 | 72.14 |
| | CPI gain from Independent | CPI gain from Independent | Swing | |

### General Election 1971

1971 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | V. K. Krishna Menon | 167,872 | 52.99 |
| | PSP | D. Damodaran Potti | 143,745 | 45.38 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 24,127 | 7.56 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 318,883 | 59.76 |
| | Independent gain from SSP | Independent gain from SSP | Swing | |

### General Election 1967

1967 Indian general election: Thiruvananthapuram :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SSP | P. Viswambharan | 153,040 | 47.4 |
| | INC | G.C. Pillai | 148,562 | 46.0 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 4,478 | 1.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 310,998 | 67.9 |
| | SSP gain from Independent | SSP gain from Independent | Swing | |