# List of Austrian scientists

This is a list of Austrian scientists and scientists from the Austria of Austria-Hungary.

## Economists

* Siegfried Becher, economist and government minister
* Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
* Ernst Fehr
* Simon Gächter
* Friedrich Hayek, economist and social scientist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974
* Rudolf Hilferding (1877-1941), Marxist and politician (murdered by the Gestapo in Paris)
* Leopold Kohr, economist
* Carl Menger, founder of the Austrian School of economics
* Ludwig von Mises, free-market economist
* Oskar Morgenstern, co-founder of game theory
* Martin Nowak
* Joseph Schumpeter, economist (neoclassical), born in Triech, Austria-Hungary
* Othmar Spann, economist and philosopher
* Friedrich von Wieser, economist (regarded as follower of the Austrian School of economics)

## Engineers, inventors

* Carlo Abarth, motorcycle racer and car designer
* Igo Etrich (1879-1967), aviation pioneer and pilot
* Anselm Franz, pioneer in jet engine engineering
* Gaston Glock, inventor, founder of GLOCK GmbH
* Claire Gmachl, quantum cascade laser and mid-IR technologies pioneer
* Eduard Haas, inventor of Pez candy
* Ingeborg Hochmair, electrical engineer who developed the modern cochlear implant
* Viktor Kaplan, inventor of turbines for river power plants
* Wilhelm Kress, aviation pioneer, inventor of the stick control for airplanes
* Hedy Lamarr, known for research in frequencies, needed for mobile phones
* Siegfried Marcus, automobile pioneer (vehicles of 1870 and 1889), lived most of his life in Austria
* Alois Negrelli, engineer and railroad pioneer (created the plans for the Suez Canal)
* Ferdinand Porsche, automotive engineer, designed the Volkswagen (the "people's car"), born in Austria-Hungary
* Johann Puch, engineer and entrepreneur
* Josef Ressel, inventor of the marine screw propeller
* Edmund Rumpler, engineer, aviation pioneer
* Alois Senefelder, inventor of the printing technique of Lithography
* Nikola Tesla, inventor, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer (prior to moving to Paris in 1882)
* Max Valier, rocketry pioneer
* Auer von Welsbach, inventor of gaslight

## Philosophers

* Nathan Birnbaum, philosopher (created the word "Zionism")
* Franz Brentano, philosopher and psychologist
* Martin Buber (1878-1965), philosopher, born in Vienna
* Christian von Ehrenfels, philosopher
* Herbert Feigl, philosopher (member of the Vienna Circle)
* Paul Feyerabend (died 1994), philosopher
* Philipp Frank, philosopher and physicist (member of the Vienna Circle)
* Heinrich Gomperz (1873-1942), philosopher, born in Vienna
* Edmund Husserl, philosopher (born in Prossnitz, Austria-Hungary)
* Victor Kraft, philosopher
* Nachman Krochmal, philosopher, historian and theologian
* Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), philosopher (theory of objects)
* Otto Neurath, socialist, economist and philosopher
* Karl Popper, philosopher (born in Austria, became British)
* Moritz Schlick, philosopher (member of the Vienna Circle)
* Othmar Spann, philosopher and economist
* Rudolf Steiner, mystic and philosopher
* Friedrich Waismann, mathematician, philosopher and physicist (member of the Vienna Circle)
* Otto Weininger, philosopher
* Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher, born 1889 in Vienna

## Physicians

* Alfred Adler, psychiatrist, father of Individual Psychology
* Hans Asperger, pediatrician (most known for work on autism, Asperger syndrome named for him)
* Leopold Auenbrugger (1722-1809), physician (method of percussion)
* Robert Bárány, physician, 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Georg Joseph Beer, physician (forerunner in ophthalmology)
* Lorenz Böhler, physician
* Josef Breuer, psychiatrist (forerunner in psychoanalysis)
* Carl Cori, born in Prague, Austria-Hungary, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947
* Ernst, Baron von Feuchtersleben, physician and poet
* Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, physician and physiologist (studies of nerves and the brain)
* Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist, father of logotherapy
* Sigmund Freud, psychiatrist, father of psychoanalysis
* Karl von Frisch, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Otto Gross, physician and revolutionist
* Josef Hyrtl, anatomist
* Nicolaus Joseph Jacquin, physician and botanist
* Eric Kandel, neuropsychiatrist (born Vienna, emigrated to the US)
* Leo Kanner, child psychiatrist
* Fritz Köberle, physician (emigrated to Brazil)
* Karl Landsteiner (1886-1943), physician, serologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Franz Mesmer (1734-1815), physician, developed an early form of hypnotism
* Ernst Moro, physician and pediatrician
* Paracelsus (real name: Theophrast von Hohenheim), alchemist and physician
* Clemens von Pirquet, pediatrician and scientist in bacteriology and immunology
* Karl Pribram, physician, neuroscientist, originator of Holonomic brain theory
* Carl Rabl, anatomist
* Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957), psychiatrist
* Erwin Ringel (1921-1994), Austrian psychiatrist (presuicidal syndrome)
* Hans Selye, physician (emigrated to Canada)
* Ignaz Semmelweis, physician (born in Hungary, Austria-Hungary)
* Hans Steiner, child and adolescent psychiatrist
* Julius Wagner-Jauregg, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
* Rudolf Wlassak, physiologist and neurologist 1865-1930

## Physicists, mathematicians and chemists

* Emil Artin, mathematician (Artin's conjecture)
* Norbert Bischofberger, chemist
* Wilhelm Blaschke, mathematician
* Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906), physicist, born in Vienna
* Fritjof Capra, physicist
* Christian Andreas Doppler, physicist, 1803-1853, born in Salzburg (See Doppler effect)
* Paul Ehrenfest, physicist and mathematician
* Heinz Falk, chemist
* Kurt Gödel, mathematician (born in Austria-Hungary, became a naturalized US citizen)
* Thomas Gold, astrophysicist, geophysicist, controversial for 'steady state' view of cosmos and abiogenic petroleum origin theory
* Wolfgang Gröbner, mathematician (best known for Gröbner basis)
* Hans Hahn, mathematician (member of the Vienna Circle)
* Wilhelm Karl, Ritter von Haidinger, physicist, geologist and mineralogist of the 19th century
* Friedrich Hasenöhrl, physicist
* Victor Franz Hess, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
* Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, chemist
* Walter Kohn, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998
* Karl Kordesch, chemist and inventor
* Anton Schrötter von Kristelli, chemist and mineralogist (red phosphor)
* Richard Kuhn, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1938
* Johann Josef Loschmidt, physicist and chemist
* Ernst Mach, physicist and philosopher (Mach number)
* Lise Meitner, physicist
* Karl Menger, mathematician (Menger's theorem, Menger sponge); son of Carl Menger)
* Ronald Micura, chemist
* Richard von Mises, physicist (younger brother of Ludwig von Mises)
* Otto E. Neugebauer, mathematician and astronomer
* Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1945
* Max Ferdinand Perutz, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962
* Josef Maximilian Petzval, physicist and mathematician
* Fritz Pregl, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923
* Johann Radon, mathematician
* Otto Redlich, physical chemist
* Leopold Ružička (born in Croatia, Austria-Hungary in 1887), chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944
* Karl Schlögl, chemist
* Erwin Schrödinger, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
* Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze, mathematician
* Leopold Vietoris (1891-2002), mathematician
* Victor Frederick Weisskopf, physicist (worked on the Manhattan Project)
* Carl Auer von Welsbach, chemist
* Anton Zeilinger, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
* Gernot Zippe, physicist (developed Zippe-type centrifuge to extract Uranium-235 for nuclear weapons)
* Mario Zippermayr, physicist, inventor of the thermobaric weapon
* Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925

## Psychologists

* Bruno Bettelheim (1903–1990), psychologist
* Anna Freud (1895–1982), child psychologist
* Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), founding father of psychoanalysis
* Fritz Heider (1896–1988), psychologist
* Melanie Klein (1882-1960), child psychotherapist (emigrated to England in 1926)
* Walter Mischel (1930-2018), psychologist
* Otto Rank (1884–1939), pioneer psychologist
* Paul Watzlawick (1921-2007), family therapist and psychologist

## Other scientists

* Ludwig von Bertalanffy, biologist, systems theory
* Othenio Abel, paleontologist
* Max Adler (1873-1937), jurist and Marxist author
* Christopher Alexander, architectural theorist
* Wilhelm Alzinger, archeologist
* Oscar Baumann, philosopher, explorer, ethnologist and geographer
* Heinz von Foerster, physicist and philosopher (working in the field of cybernetics)
* Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, orientalist
* Julius Hann, meteorologist
* Hans Hass, biologist
* Wolf-Dieter Heiss, neuroscientist
* Thomas Henzinger, computer scientist, founding president of the IST Austria
* Hans Kelsen, jurist; father of the Austrian constitution
* Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, social scientist
* Otto Loewi, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born in Germany, but spent 40 years in Austria, from age 25-65)
* Konrad Lorenz, zoologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Gregor Mendel, pioneer of genetics
* August Emanuel von Reuss, paleontologist
* Rupert Riedl, zoologist
* Joseph Rock, explorer, geographer, botanist and linguist