# Legal Marijuana Now Party

The Legal Marijuana Now Party (LMN) is a political third party in the United States. The party's platform includes abolishing the Drug Enforcement Administration and legalizing hemp and marijuana. As of 2025, the party is formally recognized in Minnesota and has ballot access in Nebraska.
The Legal Marijuana Now Party was established in Minnesota in 1998 to oppose marijuana prohibition. In 1996, the Grassroots Party of Minnesota split, with some former members forming the Independent Grassroots Party. By 1998, members of the Independent Grassroots Party formed the Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! Party. In the 2010s the party began expansion attempts to other states, gaining presidential election ballot access in Iowa for the 2016 election by petition. The party continues expansion in the 2020s, gaining ballot access in Nebraska as the Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party in 2021.

## History
### Background

The Minnesota Grassroots Party was formed in 1986 as a response to Ronald Reagan's War on Drugs. In 1996 the party split, with some former members forming the Independent Grassroots Party for one election cycle.

### Early Minnesota party (1998–2014)

In 1998, members of the Independent Grassroots Party formed the Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now political party. The party's name, according to Yippie Oliver Steinberg, a Grassroots Party founder, is attributed Dan Vacek saying "call it the Legal Marijuana Now Party." And then every vote we get will be a referendum. Every vote we get will be indisputable evidence that there’s a voter that wants legal marijuana.

### Expansion to other states
#### Nebraska expansion

The Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party petitioned to be recognized as a major political party. To make the ballot, Legal Marijuana NOW Party needed valid signatures equal to at least one-percent of the total votes cast for governor in 2014, or 5,397 signatures statewide. In July, 2016, volunteers turned in 9,000 signatures to the Nebraska Secretary of State. However, the Secretary of State said that half of the signatures were invalid, verifying only 4,353 signatures and falling short of the 5,397 needed. After failing to make it onto Nebraska ballots in 2016, the party began circulating petitions for 2020 ballot access for a Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party in September, 2016. The party planned to collect 15,000 signatures for their second attempt at gaining ballot access.

### State party activity
#### Minnesota

In 2014, Dan Vacek ran for Minnesota Attorney General as the Legal Marijuana Now candidate and got 57,604 votes, qualifying the party to be officially recognized and to receive public funding from the state.
Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now nominated candidates by petition to appear on the ballot for the November 6, 2018 election. Their candidate for State Auditor, Michael Ford, received 5.3% of the vote qualifying the party to be an official major party in the state. This gave Legal Marijuana Now candidates ballot access without having to petition.
In 2020, the Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now candidate for United States Senator extended ballot access for the Minnesota party through 2024 by receiving 190,154 votes, more than any other such third-party candidate in the U.S. During the 2020 election campaign, Democratic Party leaders said that the Legal Marijuana Now Party made it harder for Democratic candidates to win in Minnesota. A St. Cloud Times analysis of votes cast in the 2020 general election in Minnesota found that Legal Marijuana Now candidates might have helped DFL candidates in swing districts, by pulling a larger number of votes from Republican candidates.
Paula Overby was nominated by Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party, in 2022, to run for U.S. Representative from the 2nd congressional district. Overby, an information technology director, had previously been nominated by Legal Marijuana Now for the 2nd district, in 2020, after candidate Adam Weeks' untimely death. Overby's platform included marijuana legalization and universal Medicare. On October 5, 2022, Overby died during recovery in a hospital following emergency surgery for a heart valve condition. Minnesota Secretary of State Steve Simon stated that Overby's name would remain on the ballot, and the election would go ahead as scheduled. Without remedy for replacing their deceased nominee, under state law, Legal Marijuana Now Party encouraged supporters to cast their votes for Overby. The dead candidate won 10,728 votes in the race.
Scholars have credited the work of Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! with motivating the state Democratic Party to prioritize cannabis legalization, in 2023. In 2024, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that Legal Marijuana Now! no longer qualified for major party ballot access under a 2023 law passed by the Minnesota Legislature, and LMNP candidates would be required to petition during the two week filing window in May. Edina, Minnesota author Anthony Walsh, who had launched an independent LMNP campaign for United States Representative a year earlier, was denied by Minnesota Secretary of State Simon for not having the 1,000 signatures needed by June 4, so Walsh instead ran a write-in campaign for Congress in CD-3.

#### Nebraska

On April 21, 2021, Legal Marijuana NOW gained official recognition as a state political party in Nebraska, earning the party ballot access for their candidates, and allowing Legal Marijuana NOW Party to register voters.
Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party ran more candidates for statewide offices, in 2022, than the Nebraska Democratic Party recruited. Larry Bolinger was nominated by Legal Marijuana NOW to run for Nebraska Attorney General in 2022. Bolinger, who previously had run for a seat on the Alliance Planning Commission, focused his campaign on legalization of marijuana and expanding drug courts.
In the 2022 race, Bolinger received 188,648 votes, more than 30 percent, the highest percentage for a statewide Nebraska candidate running outside the two major parties in 86 years, when independent George Norris was reelected to U.S. Senate, in 1936. Bolinger, who was one of the top three independent and third party vote-getters in the U.S. in 2022, held the Nebraska record until Dan Osborn received 46.5% for United States Senator, in 2024.
Nebraska LMNP held a U.S. Senate primary on May 14, 2024, between Kerry Eddy and Kenneth Peterson. Eddy, the winner of the primary, withdrew from the race in July and endorsed independent candidate Osborn over anti-cannabis incumbent Republican senator Deb Fischer. No LMNP presidential candidates were recognized for the 2024 Nebraska primaries by Secretary of State Bob Evnen, despite the party being ballot qualified in Minnesota, which had held their presidential primary in March. At an online meeting of Nebraska party officers including Mark Elworth Jr. held in June, independent presidential candidate Cornel West was endorsed for 2024 Nebraska ballots.

### U.S. presidential candidates
#### 2016–2023

In 2016, Legal Marijuana Now placed their presidential candidates, Dan Vacek and Mark Elworth, on the ballot in two states, Iowa and Minnesota, and as a write-in candidate elsewhere. Vacek finished tenth out of 31 candidates for president nationwide.
California archeologist Rudy Reyes was nominated by the Legal Marijuana Now Party, in 2020, to run for Vice-president of the United States, but the campaign was postponed until 2024.

#### 2024 U.S. presidential elections

The Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! primary was held on Super Tuesday, March 5, 2024. Twenty Minnesota presidential delegates to the national LMNP convention were awarded proportionally by the primary results, at the state party convention in Caledonia held on May 8.

##### 2024 Minnesota presidential primary

Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now primary, March 5, 2024 :
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates | Krystal Gabel (withdrawn) | 759 | 28.84% | - |
| Dennis Schuller | 459 | 17.44% | 7 |
| Vermin Supreme | 397 | 15.08% | 6 |
| Rudy Reyes | 365 | 13.87% | 5 |
| Edward Forchion | 168 | 6.38% | 2 |
| Willie Nelson (write-in) | 19 | 0.72% | 0 |
| Other write-ins | 465 | 17.67% | - |
| Total: | 2,632 | 100.00% | 20 |
| Source: ||||

##### 2024 national convention

Because Minnesota is more populous, the state's delegates awarded to Richfield businessman Dennis Schuller and Reyes based on the March Minnesota primary results outnumbered the entire Nebraska delegation which had earlier been pledged to Cornel West by Nebraska party leaders. The national LMNP convention held in Bloomington, Minnesota on July 6 nominated Schuller and running mate Reyes for the party's presidential ticket, and the 2024 LMNP write-in campaign was certified in several states.

## Electoral history
### Minnesota federal and statewide office electoral history
#### 1998—2016

| Year | Office | Candidate | Popular votes | Percentage |
| 1998 | U.S. Representative, MN-04 | Dan Vacek | 5,839 | 2.40% |
| 2014 | Minnesota Attorney General | Dan Vacek | 57,604 | 2.99% |
| 2016 | U.S. Representative, MN-04 | Susan Pendergast Sindt | 27,152 | 7.71% |
| 2016 | U.S. Representative, MN-05 | Dennis Schuller | 30,759 | 8.50% |

#### 2018—2022

| Year | Office | Candidate | Popular votes | Percentage |
| 2018 | U.S. Senator | Dennis Schuller | 66,236 | 2.55% |
| 2018 | U.S. Senator (special) | Sarah Wellington | 95,614 | 3.70% |
| 2018 | U.S. Representative, MN-04 | Susan Pendergast Sindt | 13,776 | 4.19% |
| 2018 | Minnesota State Auditor | Michael Ford | 133,913 | 5.28% |
| 2020 | U.S. Senator | Kevin O’Connor | 190,154 | 5.92% |
| 2020 | U.S. Representative, MN-02 | Adam Charles Weeks | 24,751 | 5.83% |
| 2020 | U.S. Representative, MN-05 | Michael Moore | 29,537 | 9.54% |
| 2020 | U.S. Representative, MN-07 | Slater Johnson | 37,979 | 4.87% |
| 2022 | U.S. Representative, MN-01 (special) | Richard Reisdorf | 1,545 | 1.30% |
| 2022 | U.S. Representative, MN-01 | Richard Reisdorf | 6,389 | 2.15% |
| 2022 | U.S. Representative, MN-02 | Paula Overby | 10,728 | 3.30% |
| 2022 | U.S. Representative, MN-07 | Travis "Bull" Johnson | 16,421 | 5.37% |
| 2022 | Minnesota Governor | James McCaskel | 29,346 | 1.17% |
| 2022 | Minnesota State Auditor | Tim Davis | 87,386 | 3.55% |

### Nebraska federal and statewide office electoral history

| Year | Office | Candidate | Popular votes | Percentage |
| 2022 | U.S. Representative, NE-03 | Mark Elworth Jr. | 13,015 | 5.90% |
| 2022 | Nebraska Attorney General | Larry Bolinger | 188,648 | 30.27% |
| 2022 | Nebraska Auditor of Public Accounts | L. Leroy Lopez | 120,986 | 19.32% |

### 2016 U.S. presidential election

| Year | Candidate | VP candidate | Ballot access | Popular votes | Percentage | National rank |
| 2016 | Dan Vacek of Minnesota | Mark Elworth of Nebraska | IA, MN | 13,537 | 0.01% | 10th of 31 |

## Platform

The Legal Marijuana Now Party's platform centers around marijuana legalization, including hemp legalization. The party has advocated legalizing the home cultivation of marijuana and expunging past cannabis convictions. It has also advocated broader anti-drug prohibition policies including abolishing the Drug Enforcement Administration and banning employee drug testing.
The party defines its platform as the United States Bill of Rights in its constitution.

## Structure and composition
### Movement

Grassroots organizations are associated with bottom-up rather than top-down decision making. The Legal Marijuana Now Party seeks to engage ordinary people in political discourse to the greatest extent possible.

### Leadership

All decisions on important organizational and financial subjects must be reached by a leadership Head Council, which consists of Legal Marijuana Now Party members with at least three consecutive years participation in the party and officers elected by the members at an annual convention held in June.
Krystal Gabel, of Nebraska, was appointed to national Legal Marijuana Now Party chairperson in 2021 through 2023. Rudy Reyes became party chairperson in 2024.

### State and local chapters

| State | Chapter Name | Status | Party activity start | Ballot access | Ballot access dates |
| Minnesota | Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party | Active | 1998 | Yes | 1998, 2014–present |
| Nebraska | Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party | Active | 2016 | Yes | 2021–present |
| Iowa | | Unknown | 2016 | No | 2016 (presidential) |