# List of the prehistoric life of Maryland

This list of the prehistoric life of Maryland contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Maryland.

## Precambrian

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Maryland.

## Paleozoic
### Selected Paleozoic taxa of Maryland

* †Amphiscapha
* †Amplexopora
* †Archimylacris
* †Atrypa
** †Atrypa reticularis – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Aviculopecten
* †Bassipterus
* †Bellerophon
* Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Early Devonian trilobite Calymene †Calymene
** †Calymene camerata
** †Calymene cresapensis
** †Calymene niagarensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Camarotoechia
** †Camarotoechia andrewsi
** †Camarotoechia litchfieldensis
** †Camarotoechia tonolowayensis
* †Chonetes
** †Chonetes novascoticus
* †Cincinnetina
** †Cincinnetina multisecta
* †Clitendoceras
* †Composita
** †Composita ovata – tentative report
* †Cornulites
* †Cypricardinia
** †Cypricardinia elegans
* †Dakeoceras
* Fossil of the Late Ordovician-Middle Devonian trilobite Dalmanites †Dalmanites
** †Dalmanites limulurus
* †Dolichopterus
* †Edmondia
* †Eldredgeops
** †Eldredgeops rana
* †Ellesmeroceras
* †Encrinurus
* †Eospirifer
* †Erettopterus – tentative report
* †Euomphalus
* †Eurypterus
** †Eurypterus remipes
* †Favosites
** †Favosites niagarensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Flexicalymene
* †Goniatites
* †Gyrodoma
* †Hallopora
* †Holopea
* †Hyolithes
* †Isotelus
* †Lingula
* Life restoration of the Permian snake-like amphibian Lysorophus showing speculative egg-coiling behavior †Lysorophus
* †Mcqueenoceras
* †Megamolgophis
* †Meristina
* †Metacoceras
* †Naticopsis
* †Neospirifer
** †Neospirifer dunbari – tentative report
* †Obolella
* †Obolus – tentative report
* †Olenellus
* †Ormoceras
* †Orthoceras
* †Platyceras
* †Proterocameroceras
* Life restoration of the Silurian-Middle Devonian eurypterid ("sea scorpion") Pterygotus †Pterygotus
* †Ribeiria
* †Rioceras
* Solemya
* † Solenopsis
* †Sowerbyella
* †Spirifer
** †Spirifer vanuxemi
* †Stenosiphon
* †Strophomena
* †Tainoceras
* Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites †Tentaculites
* †Trigonocera
* †Trimerus
* †Waeringopterus
* †Worthenia

## Mesozoic
### Selected Mesozoic taxa of Maryland

* Acirsa
* Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Acrocanthosaurus †Acrocanthosaurus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Acteon
* †Aenona
* †Agerostrea
* †Allognathosuchus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Allosaurus
* †Amyda
* †Ancilla
* †Anomia
* †Anomoeodus
* Arrhoges
* Astarte
* Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur Astrodon †Astrodon
** †Astrodon johnstoni – type locality for species
* †Baculites
** †Baculites baculus
* †Bottosaurus
** †Bottosaurus harlani
* Botula
** †Botula conchafodentis
** †Botula ripleyana
* Cadulus
* Caestocorbula
** †Caestocorbula crassaplica
** †Caestocorbula crassiplica
** †Caestocorbula percompressa
** †Caestocorbula terramaria
* Carcharias
* †Caveola
* Life restoration of the Late Triassic-Eocene lungfish Ceratodus †Ceratodus
* Cerithium
* Chiloscyllium
* †Cimoliasaurus
* †Coelosaurus
** †Coelosaurus affinis
** †Coelosaurus antiquus
* †Coelurus
** †Coelurus gracilis – type locality for species
* †Corax
* Corbula
* †Crenella
** †Crenella elegantula
** †Crenella serica
* Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna †Cretolamna
** †Cretolamna appendiculata
* Cucullaea
** †Cucullaea capax
* Cuspidaria
** †Cuspidaria ampulla
* Cylichna
** †Cylichna diversilirata
** †Cylichna incisa
* †Cylindracanthus
* †Cymella
* Dasyatis
* Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous dromaeosaur ("raptor") Deinonychus †Deinonychus
** †Deinonychus antirrhopus
* †Deinosuchus
** †Deinosuchus rugosus
* †Dentalium
** †Dentalium leve
* †Discoscaphites
** †Discoscaphites conradi
** †Discoscaphites gulosus
** †Discoscaphites iris
* †Egertonia
* †Enchodus
** †Enchodus dirus
* †Eulima
** †Eulima monmouthensis
* †Euspira
* Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Late Jurassic-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Eutrephoceras †Eutrephoceras
* †Ewingia
* †Exogyra
** †Exogyra costata
* Galeorhinus
* Ginglymostoma
* Glossus
* Glycimeris
* Glycymeris
** †Glycymeris rotundata
* †Glyptops
* †Goniopholis
* Fossil negative with skin impressions of the theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Grallator †Grallator – or unidentified comparable form
* †Halisaurus
** †Halisaurus platyspondylus
* †Hamatia – type locality for genus
* †Hamulus
* Heterodontus
* † Heteromorpha
* †Hoploparia
* †Hybodus
* †Hyposaurus
** †Hyposaurus rogersii
* †Inoceramus
* †Ischyodus
* †Ischyrhiza
** †Ischyrhiza avonicola – or unidentified comparable form
** †Ischyrhiza mira
* Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Jeletzkytes †Jeletzkytes
** †Jeletzkytes nebrascensis
* Latiaxis
* Lepisosteus
* Lima
* Limatula
* †Linearis
* Lithophaga
* Lopha
** †Lopha falcata
** †Lopha mesenterica
* †Mathilda
* †Modiolus
** †Modiolus sedesclaris
** †Modiolus sedesclarus
** †Modiolus trigonus
* †Morea
* Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus †Mosasaurus
** †Mosasaurus conodon
* Myliobatis
* †Mytilus – tentative report
* Nebrius
* Nucula
** †Nucula camia
** †Nucula cuneifrons
** †Nucula percrassa
** †Nucula severnensis
* A living Odontaspis sand shark Odontaspis
* †Osteopygis
* Panopea
* †Paralbula
* †Peritresius
* Pholas
* †Pinna
* †Placenticeras
* †Pleurocoelus – type locality for genus
** †Pleurocoelus nanus – type locality for species
* †Plicatoscyllium
* Polinices
* Illustration of a fossilized tooth in multiple views of the Early Cretaceous armored dinosaur Priconodon †Priconodon – type locality for genus
** †Priconodon crassus – type locality for species
* †Prognathodon
** †Prognathodon rapax
* †Propanoplosaurus – type locality for genus
** †Propanoplosaurus marylandicus – type locality for species
* †Protocardia
* †Pteria
* †Pterotrigonia
** †Pterotrigonia eufalensis
** †Pterotrigonia eufaulensis
** †Pterotrigonia thoracica
* †Ptychotrygon
* Pycnodonte
** †Pycnodonte vesicularis
* Raja
* Rhinobatos
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene ray Rhombodus †Rhombodus
* Ringicula
** †Ringicula clarki
** †Ringicula pulchella
* Rissoina
* †Sargana
* †Scaphites
** †Scaphites hippocrepis
* Serpula
* †Serratolamna
** †Serratolamna serrata
* †Sphenodiscus
** †Sphenodiscus lobatus
** †Sphenodiscus pleurisepta
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Squalicorax Squalicorax
** †Squalicorax falcatus
** †Squalicorax kaupi
** †Squalicorax pristodontus
* Squatina
* †Stephanodus
* Tellina
* †Tenea
* Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous Iguanodon relative Tenontosaurus †Tenontosaurus
* †Thoracosaurus
* Trachycardium
** †Trachycardium eufaulensis
* Turritella
** †Turritella bilira
** †Turritella hilgardi
** †Turritella paravertebroides
** †Turritella tippana
** †Turritella trilira
** †Turritella vertebroides
** †Zephyrosaurus

## Cenozoic
### Selected Cenozoic taxa of Maryland

* †Abra – tentative report
* Acipenser
* Acropora
** †Acropora palmata
* Acteocina
* Acteon
* †Adocus
* Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Aepycamelus – tentative report
* Aetobatus
* †Aglaocetus
* Alca
** †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ambystoma
** †Ambystoma maculatum
** †Ambystoma tigrinum
* Amia
* Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon †Amphicyon
* Amyda
* Anachis
* Anadara
** †Anadara ovalis
** †Anadara transversa
* Anas
** †Anas crecca
* Ancilla – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Angulus
* Anomia
** †Anomia simplex
* Anticlimax – tentative report
* †Aphelops – tentative report
* Aporrhais
* Aquila
** †Aquila chrysaetos
* †Araeodelphis – type locality for genus
* Arca
* †Archaeohippus
* Architectonica
* †Arctodus
** †Arctodus pristinus
* Argopecten
** †Argopecten irradians
* †Armatobalanus
* Shell of a modern Astarte bivalve Astarte
** †Astarte undata
* Asterias
** †Asterias forbesi – or unidentified comparable form
* Astrangia
** †Astrangia danae
* †Astroscopus – type locality for species
** †Astroscopus countermani – type locality for species
* Astyris
** †Astyris lunata
* Athleta
* Atrina
* Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Aulophyseter †Aulophyseter
* Balaenoptera
* Balanus
** †Balanus crenatus
* Bankia
* Barnea
* Blarina
** †Blarina brevicauda
** †Blarina carolinensis
* Bonasa
** A living Bonasa umbellus, or ruffed grouse †Bonasa umbellus
* Boreotrophon
* Brachidontes
* †Brachyprotoma
** †Brachyprotoma obtusata
* †Brevoortia
** †Brevoortia tyrannus – or unidentified comparable form
* Bufo
** †Bufo americanus
** †Bufo woodhousei
* Busycon – type locality for genus
** †Busycon carica
* Busycotypus
** †Busycotypus canaliculatus
* Cadulus
* Caecum
* Callinectes
** †Callinectes ornatus
** A living Callinectes sapidus, or Chesapeake blue crab †Callinectes sapidus
* Calliostoma
* Callista
* Calonectris
* Calyptraea
** †Calyptraea centralis
* Cancellaria
* Cancer
** †Cancer irroratus
* Canis
** Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized skull of the Pleistocene Canis armbrusteri, or Armbruster's wolf †Canis armbrusteri – type locality for species
** †Canis latrans
** †Canis rufus – or unidentified comparable form
* Cantharus
* Carcharhinus
* Carcharias
* Carcharodon
** †Carcharodon hastalis
* Cardita
* Carphophis
** †Carphophis amoenus
* Cassis
* Castor
** †Castor canadensis
* †Cephalotropis – type locality for genus
* Cerastoderma
* Cervus
* Cetorhinus
* Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium †Cetotherium
* Chama
* Chelone
* Chelydra
** †Chelydra serpentina
* †Chesapecten
** †Chesapecten jeffersonius
* Chlamys
* Chrysemys
** †Chrysemys picta
* Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Cirsotrema
* Clavus
* Clementia
* Clethrionomys
** Clethrionomys gapperi – or unidentified comparable form
* Cliona
* Coluber
** A living Coluber constrictor, or eastern racer †Coluber constrictor
* Concavus
* Condylura
** †Condylura cristata
* Conus
* Corbula
* Crassostrea
** †Crassostrea virginica
* Crepidula
** †Crepidula fornicata
** †Crepidula plana
* Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna †Cretolamna
** †Cretolamna appendiculata
* Crotalus
** †Crotalus horridus
* Crucibulum
* Cryptobranchus
* Cucullaea
* Cumingia
* Cyclocardia
* Cylichna
* Cymatosyrinx
* †Cynarctus
** †Cynarctus wangi – type locality for species
* Multiple views of a shell of a Cypraea cowrie sea snail Cypraea
** †Cyrtopleura costata
* Cythara
* †Cytheris
* Dasyatis
* Dentalium
* Diadophis
** †Diadophis punctatus
* Diodora
* †Diorocetus – type locality for genus
* †Dipoides
* Discinisca
* †Dolicholatirus
* Dosinia
* Echinocardium
* Echinophoria – type locality for genus
* †Ecphora
** Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Miocene murex sea snail Ecphora gardnerae †Ecphora gardnerae
* †Ectopistes
** †Ectopistes migratorius
* Elaphe
** †Elaphe vulpina
* Electra
* Elphidium
* Ensis
** †Ensis directus
* †Entobia
* †Eosuchus
* †Eosurcula – or unidentified comparable form
* Epitonium
** †Epitonium humphreysii
* Eptesicus
** †Eptesicus fuscus – or unidentified comparable form
* Equus
** †Equus giganteus
* Erethizon
** †Erethizon dorsatum
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Euceratherium
** †Euceratherium collinum
* †Euclastes – tentative report
* Eulima
* Eumeces
** †Eumeces fasciatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Eupleura
** †Eupleura caudata
* †Eurhinodelphis
** †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
* Euspira
** †Euspira heros
* A living Felis, or cat Felis
* †Ficopsis
* Fissurella
* †Fistulobalanus
* †Fulgar
* Galeocerdo
** †Galeocerdo aduncus
** †Galeocerdo contortus
* Galeodea
* Gari
* Gastrochaena
* Gavia
** †Gavia immer
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus †Gavialosuchus
* Gegania
* Gemma
** †Gemma gemma
* Genota – or unidentified comparable form
* Geukensia
** †Geukensia demissa
* Gibbula – tentative report
* Glaucomys
* Globigerina
* Globigerinoides
* Glossus
* Glycimeris
* Glycymeris
** †Glycymeris americana
* Glyptemys
** †Glyptemys muhlenbergii
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium †Gomphotherium
* Gulo
** †Gulo gulo
* Gyrinophilus
** †Gyrinophilus porphyriticus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hadrodelphis – type locality for genus
* Haminoea
* Hastula
* Haustator
* †Heliadornis – type locality for genus
* Hemipristis
** †Hemipristis serra
* Heterodon
** †Heterodon platyrhinos – or unidentified comparable form
* Hiatella
** †Hiatella arctica
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Hippotherium †Hippotherium
* Hyla
** †Hyla crucifer
* Hyotissa
* Ictalurus
* Ilyanassa
** †Ilyanassa obsoleta
** †Ilyanassa trivittata
* Ischadium
** †Ischadium recurvum
* †Ischyodus
* Isognomon
* Isurus
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon †Kentriodon – type locality for genus
* Kuphus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Kurtziella
** †Kurtziella cerina
* Lacuna
* †Lagodon
* Lamna
* Lampropeltis
** †Lampropeltis triangulum
* Lasiopodomys
* Lepisosteus
* †Leptophoca – type locality for genus
** †Leptophoca lenis – type locality for species
* Lepus
** †Lepus americanus
* Libinia
** †Libinia dubia
* Lithophaga – or unidentified comparable form
* Littoraria
** †Littoraria irrorata
* Lontra
** Pair of living Lontra canadensis, or North American river otter †Lontra canadensis
* †Lophocetus
* Lopholatilus
* Lucina
* Lunatia
* Lyonsia
* Macoma
** †Macoma balthica
* Macrocallista
* †Macrokentriodon – type locality for genus
* †Mammut
** †Mammut americanum
* †Mammuthus
** †Mammuthus columbi
** Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left) †Mammuthus primigenius
* Marginella
* Marmota
** †Marmota monax
* Martesia
* Mathilda
* †Megalonyx
* Megaptera
* Melampus
** †Melampus bidentatus
* Melanitta
** †Melanitta deglandi
* Meleagris
** A wild male Meleagris gallopavo, or turkey, displaying his facial coloration and tail feathers to attract a female †Meleagris gallopavo
* Membranipora
* Menestho
* Mephitis
** †Mephitis mephitis
* Mercenaria
** †Mercenaria mercenaria
* Meretrix
* †Merychippus
* †Mesocetus
* †Metaxytherium
* Microtus
** †Microtus chrotorrhinus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Microtus pennsylvanicus
* Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah †Miracinonyx
** †Miracinonyx inexpectatus
* Mitra
* Modiolus
** †Modiolus modiolus
* †Moira – tentative report
* †Monotherium
* Mulinia
** †Mulinia lateralis
* Mustela
** †Mustela vison – or unidentified comparable form
* †Mya
** †Mya arenaria
* Myliobatis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus †Mylohyus
** †Mylohyus fossilis – type locality for species
* Myotis
** †Myotis grisescens – or unidentified comparable form
* Mytilus
* †Nanosiren – tentative report
* Napaeozapus
** †Napaeozapus insignis
* Narona
* Nassa
* A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail Nassarius
** †Nassarius vibex
* Neofiber
* Neotoma – type locality for genus
** †Neotoma floridana
* Nerodia
** †Nerodia sipedon
* Neverita
* Notophthalmus
** †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
* Notorynchus
** Close-up portrait of a living Notorynchus cepedianus, or broadnose sevengill shark †Notorynchus cepedianus – type locality for species
* Novocrania
* Nucula
** †Nucula proxima
** †Nuculana acuta
* Ochotona
** †Ochotona princeps – or unidentified comparable form
* Odocoileus
** †Odocoileus virginianus
* Odontaspis
* Odostomia
* Ondatra
** †Ondatra zibethicus
* Opheodrys
** †Opheodrys vernalis
* †Orycterocetus
* †Osteopygis
* Ostrea
* †Otodus
** Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale †Otodus megalodon
* Otus
* †Oxyrhina
** †Oxyrhina desorii
* Pagurus
** †Pagurus pollicaris
* †Palaeocarcharodon
* †Palaeophis
* Pandora
* Panopea
* Panopeus
** †Panopeus herbstii
* Panthera
** †Panthera leo
** †Panthera onca
* Parascalops
** †Parascalops breweri
* Life restoration of the Miocene baleen whale Parietobalaena and calf †Parietobalaena – type locality for genus
** †Parietobalaena palmeri – type locality for species
* Pecten
* Pekania
* †Pelocetus – type locality for genus
* Perisoreus
** †Perisoreus canadensis
* Peromyscus
** †Peromyscus leucopus – or unidentified comparable form
* Petricola
** †Petricola pholadiformis
* †Phenacodus – tentative report
* Phenacomys
* †Phocageneus
* Pholadomya
* †Physeterula
* Pinna
* Pipistrellus
* Pitar
** †Pitar morrhuanus
* Pitymys
* Placopecten
* Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922). †Platygonus
* Plecotus
* Plethodon
* Pleurotomella
* Pogonias
** †Pogonias cromis – or unidentified comparable form
* Polydora
* Polystira
* †Presbyornis
* †Prionodon
* Prionotus
** †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified related form
* Propebela
* Prophaethon – tentative report
* †Protocardia
* Pseudacris
** †Pseudacris triseriata
* Pseudoliva
* Pteria
* †Ptychosalpinx
* A living Puffinus shearwater Puffinus
* Pycnodonte
* Quinqueloculina
* †Rana
** †Rana clamitans
** †Rana pipiens
** †Rana sylvatica
* Rangia
* Ranzania
* Retusa
* A school of living Rhinoptera, or cownose rays Rhinoptera
* Rhynchobatus
* †Roccus
** †Roccus saxatilis
* †Rotalia
* Salamandra
* †Scala – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Scala
* †Scaldicetus
* †Scapanorhynchus
* Scaphander
* Scaphella – type locality for genus
* Sceloporus
** †Sceloporus undulatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis †Schizodelphis
* Schizoporella
** †Schizoporella unicornis
* Sciaenops
* Sciurus
** †Sciurus carolinensis
* †Scutella
* †Sediliopsis – type locality for genus
* Seila
** †Seila adamsii
* Semele – tentative report
* Semele
* Serpulorbis
* Siphonalia
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon †Smilodon
** †Smilodon fatalis
* †Solarium
* Solen
* Sorex
** †Sorex cinereus
** †Sorex fumeus
* Spermophilus
** †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
* †Sphyraenodus
* Sphyrna
* Spilogale
** †Spilogale putorius – type locality for species
* Spisula
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon †Squalodon
** †Squalodon calvertensis – type locality for species
* Squatina
* Squilla
** †Squilla empusa
* Stewartia
* Stramonita
* Strioterebrum
* †Syllomus
* Sylvilagus
** †Sylvilagus floridanus
* Illustration of a living Synaptomys, or bog lemming Synaptomys
** †Synaptomys cooperi
* Syrnola
* Tagelus
* Tamias
** †Tamias striatus
* Tamiasciurus
** †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
* †Tapiravus
* A living Tapirus, or tapir Tapirus
* †Tasbacka
* Taxidea
** †Taxidea taxus – type locality for species
* Teinostoma
* Tellina
* Terebra
* Terebratula
* Teredo
* Terrapene
** †Terrapene carolina
* Testudo
* Textularia
* Thamnophis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa †Thecachampsa
** †Thecachampsa antiqua
* Thomomys – type locality for genus
* Thracia
* Tremarctos
** †Tremarctos floridanus
* Triloculina
* Trionyx – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Triphora
* Tritonium
* Trochita
* †Trygon
* †Tuba – tentative report
* Turricula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Turris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Turritella
* A living Tursiops, or bottlenose dolphin Tursiops
* Typhis
* Umbraculum – tentative report
* Urosalpinx
** †Urosalpinx cinerea
* Ursus
** †Ursus americanus
* Venericardia
* Vespertilio
* Vitrinella
* Volutifusus
* Vulpes
* Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus †Xiphiacetus
* Xiphias
* Yoldia
** †Yoldia limatula