# List of 21st-century religious leaders

This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime since January 1, 2001. It should likewise only name leaders listed on other articles and lists.

## Buddhism

* Cambodian buddhism —
** Tep Vong, Great Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia (2006–2024)
* Engaged Buddhism —
** Thích Nhất Hạnh, (1926–2022)
* Sōka Gakkai —
** Einosuke Akiya, President (1981–2006)
** Minoru Harada, President (2006–present)
* Thai Buddhism —
** Nyanasamvara Suvaddhana, 19th Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (1989–2013)
** Ariyavongsagatanana IX, 20th Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (2017–present)

### Tibetan Buddhism

* Dalai Lama of the Gelug (Yellow Hat school) —
** Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama (1940–present)

#### Mongolia

* Jebtsundamba Khutuktu of the Gelug in Mongolia —
** Jambalnamdolchoyjijantsan, 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (1991–2012)
** Altannaryn Aguidai (or) Achiltai, 10th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (2023-present)

#### Russia

* Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia —
** Damba Ayusheev, 24th Pandito Khambo Lama (1995–present)

## Christianity
### Catholicism

* Roman Catholic Church, (complete list) –
** John Paul II, Pope (1978–2005)
** Benedict XVI, Pope (2005–2013)
** Francis, Pope (2013–present)
* Eastern Catholic Churches sui iuris
** Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church –
*** Lubomyr Husar, Major Archbishop (2001–2011)
*** Sviatoslav Shevchuk, Major Archbishop (2011–present)
** Maronite Church –
*** Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Patriarch (1986–2011)
*** Bechara Boutros al-Rahi, Patriarch (2011–present)
** Syro-Malabar Church –
*** Varkey Vithayathil, Major Archbishop (1999–2011)
*** George Alencherry, Major Archbishop (2011–2023)
*** Raphael Thattil, Major Archbishop (2024–present)
* Independent Catholic groups
** Old Roman Catholic Church in Europe –
*** Jerome Lloyd, Metropolitan Archbishop (2012–present)
** Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines) –
*** John Florentine Teruel, Patriarch (1995–2021)
*** Juan Almario Calampiano, Patriarch (2021–present)
** Philippine Independent Church –
*** Tomás Millamena, Supreme Bishop (1999–2005)
*** Godofredo J. David, Supreme Bishop (2005–2011)
*** Ephraim Fajutagana, Supreme Bishop (2011–2017)
*** Rhee Timbang, Supreme Bishop (2017–2023)
*** Joel Porlares, Supreme Bishop (2023-present)

### Eastern Orthodoxy
#### Full Communion

* Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (complete list), the first among equals in Eastern Orthodoxy –
   * Bartholomew I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1991–present)
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria (complete list) –
   * Peter VII, Patriarch of Alexandria (1997–2004)
   * Theodore II, Patriarch of Alexandria (2004–present)
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (complete list) –
   * Ignatius IV (Hazim), Patriarch of Antioch (1979–2012)
   * John X (Yazigi), Patriarch of Antioch (2012–present)
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem –
   * Irenaios I, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem (2001–2005)
   * Theophilos III, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem (2005–present)
* Albanian Orthodox Church –
   * Anastasios (Yannoulatos), Archbishop of Tirana, Durrës and All Albania (1992–2025)
* Bulgarian Orthodox Church (complete list) –
   * Maxim, Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia (1971–2012)
   * Neofit, Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia (2013–2024)
   * Daniil, Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia (2024-present)
* Cypriot Orthodox Church (complete list) –
   * Chrysostomos I, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cyprus (1977–2006)
   * Chrysostomos II, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cyprus (2006–2022)
   * George III, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cyprus (2022–present)
* Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church –
   * Nicholas of Presov, Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (2000–2006)
   * Christopher of Prague, Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (2006–2014)
   * Rastilav of Presov, Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (2014–present)
* Georgian Orthodox Church –
   * Ilia II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia (1977–present)
* Church of Greece (complete list) –
   * Christodoulos of Athens, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece (1998–2008)
   * Ieronymos II, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece (2008–present)
* Polish Orthodox Church –
   * Sawa (Hrycuniak) of Poland, Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1998–present)
* Romanian Orthodox Church –
   * Teoctist I, Patriarch of All Romania (1986–2007)
   * Daniel Ciobotea, Patriarch of All Romania (2007–present)
* Russian Orthodox Church (complete list) –
   * Alexy II of Russia, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (1990–2008)
   * Kirill I, acting (2008–2009), Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (2009–present)
* Serbian Orthodox Church (complete list) –
   * Pavle, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (1990–2009)
   * Irinej, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (2010–2020)
   * Porfirije, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (2021–present)
* Orthodox Church of Finland – (complete list)
   * John Rinne, Archbishop of Karelia and All Finland (1987–2001)
   * Leo Makkonen Archbishop of Karelia and All Finland (2001–present)
   * Greek Orthodox Church of Epirus - Metropolitan Mar Melchizedek (2021-present)

#### Partial Communion

* Orthodox Church in America, North America (complete list) –
   * Theodosius (Lazor), Archbishop of New York, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (1977–1980); Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (1981–2002)
   * Herman (Swaiko), Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2002–2005); Archbishop of Washington and New York, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2005–2008)
   * Jonah (Paffhausen), Archbishop of Washington and New York, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2008–2009); Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2009–2012)
   * Tikhon, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2012–present)

### Oriental Orthodoxy

* Armenian Apostolic Church (complete list) –
      * Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians (1999–present)
   * Armenian Apostolic Church (complete list) –
      * Aram I, Catholicos of Cilicia (1995–present)
* Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (complete list) –
   * Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope and Patriarch (1971–2012)
   * Theodoros II of Alexandria, Pope and Patriarch (Pope Tawadros II) (2012–present)
* Eritrean Orthodox Church –
   * Abune Phillipos, Patriarch (1999–2001)
   * Abune Yacob, Patriarch (2002–2003)
   * Abune Antonios, Patriarch (2004–2007)
   * Abune Dioskoros, Patriarch (2007–2015)
   * Abune Qerlos, Patriarch (2021–2022)
   * Abune Basilos, Patriarch (2024–present)
* Ethiopian Orthodox Church (complete list) –
   * Abune Paulos, Abuna and Patriarch (1992–2012)
   * Abune Mathias, Abuna and Patriarch (2013–present)
* Syriac Orthodox Church –
   * Ignatius Zakka I Iwas (1980–2014)
   * Ignatius Aphrem II Karim (2014–present)
* Indian Orthodox Church (complete list) –
   * Baselios Marthoma Mathews II, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (1991–2005)
   * Baselios Mar Thoma Didymos I, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (2005–2010)
   * Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (2010–2021)
   * Baselios Marthoma Mathews III, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (2021–present)
* Malabar Independent Syrian Church –
   * Joseph Mar Koorilose IX (1986–2001)
   * Cyril Mar Baselios I (2001–present)

### Protestantism

* National Association of Evangelicals –
   * Kevin Mannoia, President (1999–2001)
   * Leith Anderson, President (2002–2003)
   * Ted Haggard, President (2003–2006)
   * Leith Anderson, President (2006–2019)
   * Walter Kim, President (2020–present)

#### Baptist

* Baptist World Alliance —
   * General Secretaries
      * Denton Lotz (1988–2007)
      * Neville Callam (2008–present)
   * Presidents
      * Billy Kim (2000–2005)
      * David Coffey (2005–2010)
      * John Upton (2010–present)

##### Africa

* Baptist Convention of Angola –
   * Mateus Chaves, President (c. 2010)
   * Alexandre Melo Chilanda, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* Nigerian Baptist Convention –
   * President
      * Uche Enyioha, President (c. 2010)
   * General Secretary and CEO
      * S. T. Ola Akande, General Secretary
      * S. Ola Fadeji, General Secretary
      * Solomon Ademola Ishola, General Secretary (c. 2010)

##### Asia

* Paku Karen Baptist Association (Burma) –
   * Letta, Executive Secretary
   * Kooler, Executive Secretary
   * Augustus Spurgeon, Executive Secretary
   * Caleb Paw, Executive Secretary
   * Paul Htoo, Executive Secretary (c. 2010)
* Association of Fundamental Baptist Churches in the Philippines –
   * Arleen D. Fidel, Chairman (2004–present)

##### India

* Ao Baptist Arogo Mungdang –
   * O. Alem, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars –
   * T. Ch. Immanuel, President (2006–present)
   * M. Ashok Kumar, Secretary (2006–present)
* Manipur Baptist Convention –
   * Vumthang Sitlhou, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* Tripura Baptist Christian Union –
   * Rajani Kaipeng, General Secretary (c. 2010)

##### Eurasia, regional

* Euro-Asian Federation of Evangelical Christians-Baptists Unions —
   * Alexey Smirnov, President (2012–present)
* International Union of Churches of Evangelical Christians-Baptists —
   * Gennadi Kryuchkov, Chairman (1962–2007)
   * Nikolay Antonyuk, Chairman (2008–present)

##### Eurasia, national

* Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia — Malkhaz Songulashvili, Bishop (present)
* Russian Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists —
   * Peter Konovalchuk, President (1994–2002)
   * Yuri Sipko, President (2002–2010)
   * Alexey Smirnov, President (2010–2018)
   * Peter Mickiewicz, President (2018–present)
* Union of Evangelical Christian Baptists of Kazakhstan —
   * Frans G. Tissen, President (present)

##### Europe, regional

* European Baptist Federation –
   * Tony Peck, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* International Baptist Convention –
   * Jimmy Martin, General Secretary (c. 2010)

##### Europe, national

* Baptist Union of Romania –
   * Paul Negruţ, President (?–2007)
   * Otniel Bunaciu, President (2007–present)
* Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania –
   * Borzási István, President (c. 2010)

##### United Kingdom

* Baptist Union of Great Britain –
   * Jonathan Edwards, General Secretary (c. 2010)

##### Canada

* Baptist General Conference of Canada –
   * Jamey McDonald, Executive Director (c. 2010)
* Canadian Baptist Ministries –
   * Gary Vincent Nelson, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* Canadian Baptists of Western Canada –
   * Jan Paasuke, President of the Board (c. 2010)
* Sovereign Grace Fellowship of Canada –
   * Roger Fellows, General Coordinator (2001–NA)
   * Mark Hudson, General Coordinator (c. 2010)

##### United States

* Alliance of Baptists –
   * Brooks Wicker, President (c. 2010)
* American Baptist Churches USA –
   * A. Roy Medley, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America –
   * Gordon Taylor, Coordinator (2008–present)
* Baptist Bible Fellowship International –
   * Linzy Slayden, President (c. 2010)
* Baptist General Conference –
   * Jerry Sheveland, President (c. 2010)
* Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty –
   * J. Brent Walker – Executive Director (1999–2016)
   * Amanda Tyler - Executive Director (2017–present)
* Baptist Missionary Association of America –
   * John David Smith, Executive Director, (2010–present)
* Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America –
   * Cheryl Dudley, President, (2008–2011)
* Conservative Baptist Association of America –
   * Stephen LeBar, Executive Director (2004–2009)
   * Stan Rieb, National Network Facilitator, (2009–present)
* Cooperative Baptist Fellowship –
   * Daniel Vestal, Coordinator (1996–present)
* Enterprise Association of Regular Baptists –
   * Eugene Dickerson, Moderator (c. 2010)
   * Roger Ball, President (c. 2010)
* Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship –
   * Paul S. Morton, International Presiding Bishop (1994–present)
* Fundamental Baptist Fellowship International –
   * John Vaughn, President (c. 2010)
* General Association of General Baptists –
   * James Murray, interim Executive Director (c. 2010)
* General Association of Regular Baptist Churches –
   * John Greening, National Representative (c. 2010)
* National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. –
   * Stephen J. Thurston, President (c. 2010)
   * Samuel C. Tolbert, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. –
   * William J. Shaw, President (1999–2009)
   * Julius R. Scruggs, President (2009–2014)
   * Jerry Young, President (2014–present)
* North American Baptist Conference –
   * Rob McCleland, Executive Director (c. 2010)
* Ohio Valley Christian Baptist Church of God –
   * Paul Hagen, General Superintendent (c. 2010)
   * Delmar Rogers, General Secretary (c. 2010)
* Progressive National Baptist Convention –
   * General Secretary
      * Walter Parrish III, General Secretary (c. 2010)
   * President
      * T. DeWitt Smith, Jr., President (?–2010)
      * Carroll A. Baltimore, President (2010–2014)
      * James C. Perkins, President (2014–present)
* Southern Baptist Convention (complete list) –
   * James Merritt, President (2000–2002)
   * Jack Graham, President (2002–2004)
   * Bobby Welch, President (2004–2006)
   * Frank S. Page, President (2006–2008)
   * Johnny M. Hunt, President (2008–2010)
   * Bryant Wright, President (2010–2011)
   * Fred Luter, President (2012–2014)
   * Ronnie Floyd, President (2014–2016)
   * Steve Gaines, President (2016–2018)
   * J.D. Greear, President (2018–2021)
   * Ed Litton, President (2021–2022)
   * Bart Barber, President (2022–2024)
   * Clint Pressley, President (2024–present)
* United American Free Will Baptist Church –
   * Henry J. Rodmon, General Bishop (c. 2010)

#### Holiness

* Christian and Missionary Alliance (U.S.) –
   * David Rambo, President (c. 1987–2005)
   * Gary Benedict, President (2005–2013)
* Church of the Nazarene –
   * John A. Knight, General Superintendent (1985–2001)
   * William J. Prince, General Superintendent (1989–2001)
   * James Diehl, General Superintendent (1993–2009)
   * Paul Cunningham, General Superintendent (1993–2009)
   * Jerry D. Porter, General Superintendent (1997–2017)
   * Jim Bond, General Superintendent (1997–2005)
   * W. Talmadge Johnson, General Superintendent (2001–2005)
   * Jesse Middendorf, General Superintendent (2001–2013)
   * Nina Gunter, General Superintendent (2005–2009)
   * J. K. Warrick, General Superintendent (2005–2017)
   * Eugenio Duarte, General Superintendent (2009–present)
   * David W. Graves, General Superintendent (2009–2023)
   * Stan Toler, General Superintendent (2009–2017)
   * David Busic, General Superintendent (2013–present)
   * Carla Sunberg, General Superintendent (2017–present)
* Pillar of Fire International –
   * Robert Barney Dallenbach, General Superintendent (2000–2008)
   * Joseph Gross, General Superintendent (2008–present)
* Salvation Army –
   * John Gowans, General (1999–2002)
   * John Larsson, General (2002–2006)
   * Shaw Clifton, General (2006–2011)
   * Linda Bond, General (2011–2013)
   * André Cox, General (2013–2018)
   * Brian Peddle, General (2018–2023)
   * Lyndon Buckingham, General (2023–present)

#### Lutheranism
##### International

* Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference –
   * Steven P. Petersen, President (2008–2011)
   * Daniel Koelpin, President (2011–present)
* International Lutheran Council –
   * Chairman
      * Ralph Mayan, Chairman (2005–2008)
      * Gerald B. Kieschnick, Chairman (2009–2010)
      * Hans-Jörg Voigt, Chairman (2010–2012)
   * Executive Secretary
      * Samuel H. Nafzger, Executive Secretary (2001 or before –present)
* Lutheran World Federation –
   * Christian Krause (Germany), President (1997–2003)
   * Mark Hanson (US), President (2003–2010)
   * Munib Younan (Palestine), President (2010–2017)
   * Musa Filibus (Nigeria), President (2017–2023)
   * Henrik Stubkjær (Palestine), President (2023–present)

##### Europe

* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia –
      * Jaan Kiivit, Jr, Archbishop (1994–2005)
      * Andres Põder, Archbishop (2005–2014)
      * Urmas Viilma, Archbishop (2015–present)
   * Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia Church Abroad
      * Udo Petersoo, Archbishop, (1990–2006)
      * Andres Taul, Archbishop, (2007–2010)
      * Thomas Vaga, Acting Bishop (2011–present)
* Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland –
   * Jukka Paarma, Archbishop of Turku (1998–2010)
   * Kari Mäkinen, Archbishop of Turku (2010–2018)
   * Tapio Luoma, Archbishop of Turku (2018–present)
* Church of Norway –
   * Harald V of Norway, King of Norway (1991–present)
* Swedish Church –
   * Karl Gustav Hammar, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (1997–2006)
   * Anders Wejryd, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (2006–2014)
   * Antje Jackelén, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (2014–2022)
   * Martin Modéus, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (2022-present)

##### North America

* Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod –
   * Alvin L. Barry, President (1992–2001)
   * Robert T. Kuhn, President (2001)
   * Gerald B. Kieschnick, President (2001–2010)
   * Matthew C. Harrison, President (2010–present)
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in America –
   * H. George Anderson, Presiding Bishop (1995–2001)
   * Mark Hanson, Presiding Bishop (2001–2013)
   * Elizabeth Eaton, Presiding Bishop (2013–present)
* Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ –
   * William Sullivan, National Service Coordinator (2002–2010)
   * Mark Vander Tuig, National Service Coordinator (2010–present)
* Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod –
   * Karl R. Gurgel, President (1993–2007)
   * Mark G. Schroeder, President (2007–present)
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada –
   * Telmor Sartison, National Bishop (1993–2001)
   * Raymond Schultz, National Bishop (2001–2007)
   * Susan Johnson, National Bishop (2007–present)

#### Methodism

* African Methodist Episcopal Church –
   * Clement W. Fugh, General Secretary (2000–present)
* Chinese Methodist Church in Australia –
   * Albert Chiew, Bishop (c. 2008–2010)
   * James Kwang, Bishop (2010–present)
* Free Methodist Church in Canada –
   * Keith A. Elford, Bishop (1997–2017)
   * Cliff Fletcher, Bishop (2017–present)
* Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas –
   * Nathaniel P. Lazaro, General Superintendent (2000–present)
* Methodist Church Ghana –
   * Samuel Asante Antwi, President and Presiding Bishop (1997–2003)
   * Robert Aboagye-Mensah, Presiding Bishop (2003–2009)
   * Emmanuel Asante, Presiding Bishop (2009–present)
* Methodist Church in Malaysia –
   * Peter Chio, Bishop (?–2004)
   * Hwa Yung, Bishop (2004–present)
* Methodist Church of Southern Africa –
   * President
      * H Mvume Dandala, President (1998–2003)
      * Ivan M Abrahams, President (2003–present)
   * General Secretary
      * Vivian Harris, General Secretary (1988–2001)
      * Ross A J Olivier, General Secretary (2001–2005)
      * Vuyani G Nyobole, General Secretary (2005–present)
* United Methodist Church –
   * Gregory V. Palmer, President of the Council of Bishops (2008–2010)
   * Larry M. Goodpaster, President of the Council of Bishops (2010–2012)
   * Rosemarie Wenner, President of the Council of Bishops (2012–2014)
   * Warner Brown, President of the Council of Bishops (2014–present)

#### Pentecostalism

* World Assemblies of God Fellowship –
   * Thomas E. Trask, Chairman (2000–2008)
   * George O. Wood, Chairman (2008–2022)
* Assemblies of God, United States –
   * Thomas E. Trask, General superintendent (1993–2007)
   * George O. Wood, General superintendent (2007–2017)
   * Doug E. Clay, General superintendent (2017–present)
* Grace Communion International (until 2009, called the Worldwide Church of God from 1968 to 2009) –
   * Joseph Tkach, Jr., President and pastor general (1995–present)
* New Apostolic Church –
   * Richard Fehr, Chief apostle (1988–2005)
   * Wilhelm Leber, Chief apostle (2005–2013)
   * Jean-Luc Schneider (2013–present)

#### Presbyterianism

* Church of Scotland (complete list) —
   * John Miller, Moderator of the General Assembly (2001)
   * Finlay Macdonald, Moderator of the General Assembly (2002)
   * Iain Torrance, Moderator of the General Assembly (2003)
   * Alison Elliot, Moderator of the General Assembly (2004)
   * David Lacy, Moderator of the General Assembly (2005)
   * Alan McDonald, Moderator of the General Assembly (2006)
   * Sheilagh M. Kesting, Moderator of the General Assembly (2007)
   * David W. Lunan, Moderator of the General Assembly (2008)
   * William C. Hewitt, Moderator of the General Assembly (2009)
   * John Christie, Moderator of the General Assembly (2010)
   * A. David K. Arnott, Moderator of the General Assembly (2011)
   * Albert O. Bogle, Moderator of the General Assembly (2012)
   * Lorna Hood, Moderator of the General Assembly (2013)
   * John Chalmers, Moderator of the General Assembly (2014)
* Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (complete list) —
   * Syngman Rhee, Moderator of the General Assembly (2000–2001)
   * Jack Rogers, Moderator of the General Assembly (2001–2002)
   * Fahed Abu-Akel, Moderator of the General Assembly (2002–2003)
   * Susan R. Andrews, Moderator of the General Assembly (2003–2004)
   * Rick Ufford-Chase, Moderator of the General Assembly (2004–2006)
   * Joan Gray, Moderator of the General Assembly (2006–2008)
   * Bruce Reyes-Chow, Moderator of the General Assembly (2008–2010)
   * Cynthia Bolbach, Moderator of the General Assembly (2010–2012)
   * Neal Presa, Moderator of the General Assembly (2012–2014)

#### Other protestant

* Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
** General Minister and President
*** Richard L. Hamm (1993-2003)
*** William "Chris" Hobgood, interim (2003–2005)
*** Sharon E. Watkins (2005–2017)
*** Teresa Hord Owens (2017–Present)
** Moderator of the General Assembly
*** Paul D. Rivera (1999–2001)
*** Alvin O. Jackson (2001–2003)
*** Charisse Gillett (2003–2005)
*** Bill Lee (2005–2007)
*** Newell Williams (2007–2009)
*** Larry Brown (2009–2011)
*** Regina Morton (2011–2013)
*** Glen Miles (2013–2015)
*** Tony Rodriguez (2015–2017)
*** Sue Morris (2017–2019)
*** Belva Brown Jordan (2019–2023)
* Seventh-day Adventists (complete list) –
   * Jan Paulsen, General Conference President (1999–2010)
   * Ted N. C. Wilson, General Conference President (2010–present)
* General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches (UK)
    Liz Slade, Chief Officer (2019–present)
* Uniting Church in Australia –
   * President
      * James Haire, President (2000–2003)
      * Dean Drayton, President (2003–2006)
      * Gregor Henderson, President (2006–2009)
      * Alistair Macrae, President (2009–2012)
      * Andrew Dutney, President (2012–2015)
      * Stuart McMillan, President (2015–2018)
      * Deidre Palmer, President (2018–2021)
      * Sharon Hollis, President (2021–2024)
      * Charissa Suli, President (2024–2027)
   * General Secretary
      * Gregor Henderson, General Secretary (1989–2001)
      * Terence Corkin, General Secretary (2001–2015)
      * Colleen Geyer, General Secretary (2016–present)
* United Church of Canada –
   * Marion Pardy, Moderator (2000–2003)
   * Peter Short, Moderator (2003–2006)
   * David Giuliano, Moderator (2006–2009)
   * Mardi Tindal, Moderator (2009–2012)
   * Gary Paterson, Moderator (2012–2015)
   * Jordan Cantwell, Moderator (2015–2018)
   * Richard Bott, Moderator (2018–2022)
   * Carmen Lansdowne, Moderator (2022–present)

### Anglicanism
#### Provinces of the Anglican Communion

* Church of England –
   * Formal leadership –
      * Elizabeth II, Supreme Governor of the Church of England (1952–2022)
      * Charles III, Supreme Governor of the Church of England (2022-present)
   * Effective leadership, (complete list) –
      * George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury (1991–2002)
      * Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury (2002–2012)
      * Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury (2013–2025)
* Anglican Church of Australia (complete list)–
      * Peter Carnley, Primate (2000–2005)
      * Phillip Aspinall, Primate (2005–2014)
      * Philip Freier, Primate (2014–2020)
      * Geoffrey Smith, Primate (2020–present)
* Anglican Church of Canada –
      * Michael Peers, Primate (1986–2004)
      * Fred Hiltz, Primate (2007–2019)
      * Linda Nicholls, Primate (2019–2024)
* Episcopal Church in the United States of America –
      * Frank Griswold, Presiding Bishop (1998–2006)
      * Katharine Jefferts Schori, Presiding Bishop (2006–2016)
      * Michael B. Curry, Presiding Bishop (2016–2024)
      * Sean Rowe, Presiding Bishop (2024–present)

#### Continuing Anglicanism

* Anglican Catholic Church
** John Charles Vockler, Metropolitan of the Original Province (2001-2005)
** Mark Haverland, Metropolitan of the Original Province (2005-present)
* Anglican Orthodox Church – Jerry L. Ogles, Presiding Bishop (2003–present)
* Federation of Anglican Churches in the Americas
   * Anglican Church in America –
      * Louis Falk, Primate (1991–2005)
      * Louis Falk, President of the House of Bishops (2005–present)
   * Anglican Province of America
   ** Walter Grundorf, Presiding Bishop (early 1990s–2021)
   ** Chandler Holder Jones, Presiding Bishop (2021-present)
   * Diocese of the Holy Cross – Paul C. Hewett, Diocesan Bishop (2006–present)
   * Episcopal Missionary Church –
      * William Millsaps, Presiding Bishop (2000–2005)
      * Council Nedd II, Presiding Bishop (2005–present)
   * Reformed Episcopal Church –
      * Leonard W. Riches, Presiding Bishop (1996–2014)
      * Royal U. Grote Jr., Presiding Bishop (2014–2016)
      * Ray Sutton, Presiding Bishop (2017–present)
* Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans – Eliud Wabukala, Chairman (2008–present)
   * Anglican Church in North America –
      * Robert Duncan, Primate (2009–2014)
      * Foley Beach, Primate (2014–2024)
      * Steve Wood, Primate (2024–present)
   * Church of England in South Africa –
      * Frank J. Retief, Presiding Bishop (2000–2010)
      * Desmond Inglesby, Presiding Bishop (2010–present)
* North American Anglican Conference
   * Anglican Episcopal Church –
      * Reginald Hammond, Presiding Bishop (2000–2004)
      * George Connor, Presiding Bishop (2006–present)
   * Diocese of the Great Lakes –
      * Julius A. Neeser, Bishop Ordinary (1998–2002)
      * David T. Hustwick, Bishop Ordinary (2002–present)
* Orthodox Anglican Communion –
      * Scott Earle McLaughlin, Metropolitan Archbishop (2000–2012)
      * Creighton Jones, Metropolitan Archbishop (2012–2015)
      * Thomas Gordon, Metropolitan Archbishop (2015–present)
   * Orthodox Anglican Church –
      * Scott Earle McLaughlin, Presiding Bishop (2000–2012)
      * Creighton Jones, Presiding Bishop (2012–2015)
      * Thomas Gordon, Presiding Bishop (2015–present)
* Traditional Anglican Communion –
      * Louis Falk, Primate (1991–2002)
      * John Hepworth, Primate (2002–2012)
      * Samuel Prakash, Primate (2012–2017)
      * Shane B. Jenzen, Primate (2017–present)
   * Anglican Catholic Church in Australia –
      * John Hepworth, Archbishop (1998–2012)
      * Michael Pope, Archbishop (2013–present)
   * Anglican Catholic Church of Canada –
      * Robert Mercer, Bishop and Metropolitan (1988–2005)
      * Peter Wilkinson, Bishop and Metropolitan (2005–present)
   * Anglican Church of India – Stephen Vattappara, Metropolitan Bishop (1990–present)
   * Anglican Church in America –
      * Louis Falk, Primate (1991–2005)
      * Louis Falk, President of the House of Bishops (2005–present)
* United Episcopal Church of North America –
      * Stephen C. Reber, Presiding Bishop (1996–2010)
      * Peter D. Robinson, Presiding Bishop (2010–present)

### Other Christian or Christian-derived faiths

* Believers Eastern Church –
   * Athanasius Yohan I, Metropolitan (1993–2024)
   * Samuel Theophilus, Metropolitan (2024–present)
* Church of God Ministry of Jesus Christ International
   * María Luisa Piraquive, World Leader (1996–present)
* Assyrian Church of the East –
   * Mar Dinkha IV, Patriarch (1976–2015)
   * Mar Gerwargis III, Patriarch (2015–2021)
   * Mar Awa III, Patriarch (2021–present)
* Ancient Church of the East –
   * Mar Addai II, Patriarch (1972–2022)
   * Yacob III Daniel, Patriarch (2022-present)
* Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church –
   * Philipose Mar Chrysostym Mar Thoma, Marthoma Metropolitan (1999–2007)
   * Joseph Mar Thoma, Marthoma Metropolitan (2007–2020)
   * Theodosius Mar Thoma, Marthoma Metropolitan (2020–present)
* Members Church of God International –
   * Eliseo Soriano, Presiding Minister (1977–2021)
   * Daniel Soriano Razon, Presiding Minister (2021-present)
* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (complete list) –
   * Gordon B. Hinckley, President (1995–2008)
   * Thomas S. Monson, President (2008–2018)
   * Russell M. Nelson, President (2018–present)
* Iglesia ni Cristo –
   * Eraño Manalo, Executive Minister (1963–2009)
   * Eduardo V. Manalo, Executive Minister (2009–present)
* Jehovah's Witnesses, Governing Body
** Lyman A. Swingle (1971-2001)
** Milton G. Henschel (1971-2003)
** Theodore Jaracz (1974-2010)
** Karl F. Klein (1974-2001)
** Albert D. Schroeder (1974-2006)
** Daniel Sydlik (1974-2006)
** Carey W. Barber (1977-2007)
** John E. Barr (1977-2010)
** Gerrit Lösch (1994–present)
** Samuel F. Herd (1999–present)
** M. Stephen Lett (1999–present)
** Guy H. Pierce (1999-2014)
** David H. Splane (1999–present)
** Geoffrey W. Jackson (2005–present)
** Anthony Morris III (2005-2023)
** D. Mark Sanderson (2012–present)
** Kenneth E. Cook Jr. (2018–present)
** Gage Fleegle (2023–present)
** Jeffrey Winder (2023–present)
* National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA –
   * Robert W. Edgar, General Secretary (1999–2007)
   * Michael Kinnamon, General Secretary (2007–2011)
   * Peg Birk, General Secretary (2012–2013)
   * Jim Winkler, General Secretary (2014–present)
* Unification Church –
   * Sun Myung Moon, 'True Father' (1953–2012)
   * Hak Ja Han, 'True Mother'/Acting Leader (2012–present)
* World Council of Churches –
   * Konrad Raiser, General Secretary (1993–2003)
   * Samuel Kobia, General Secretary (2004–2009)
   * Olav Fykse Tveit, General Secretary (2010–2020)
   * Ioan Sauca, Acting General Secretary (2020-2022)
   * Jerry Pillay, General Secretary (2023-present)

## Hinduism

* Ramanandi Sampradaya —
   * Rambhadracharya, Jagadguru Acharya (1988–present)
* Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha —
   * Krishna Maharaj (1986–2003)
   * Uttam Maharaj (2005–2018)
   * Rampersad Parasram, Dharmacharya (2019–present).

### Gaudiya Vaishnavism

* Gaudiya Mission —
   * Bhakti Suhrid Paribrajak, president-acharya (1993–2018)
   * Bhakti Sundar Sanyasi Maharaj, president-acharya (2018–present)
* Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti —
   * Bhakti Vedanta Budhayan Goswami, president-acharya (2020–present)
* International Society for Krishna Consciousness — the members of Governing Body Commission (Jayapataka Swami and others)
* Science of Identity Foundation — Siddhaswarupananda Paramahamsa (1977–present)
* Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana — Shrivatsa Goswami, director (1972–present)
* Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math —
   * Bhakti Sundar Govinda Dev-Goswami, president-acharya (1988–2010)
   * Bhakti Nirmal Acharya, president-acharya (2010–present)
* The Vaishnava Foundation — Kailasa Candra Dasa (1986–present)
* World Vaisnava Association —
   * Srila Nayananandana Das babaji, President (1999–2002)
   * Srila Bhakti B. Tirtha Maharaj, President (2002–present).

### Smarta tradition

* Shankaracharyas —
   * Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati, Shankaracharya of Jyotirmath, Badrinath and Dwarka Sharada Peetham, Dwarka (1982-2022)
   * Swami Nischalanand Saraswati, Shankaracharya of Govardhan Math, Puri (1992-present)
   * Swami Bharati Tirtha Mahasannidhanam, Shankaracharya of Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri (1974–present)

### Swaminarayan Sampradaya

* Ahmedabad Nar Narayan Dev Gadi —
   * Acharya Shree Tejendraprasadji Maharaj (1969–2004)
   * Acharya Shree Koshalendraprasadji Maharaj (2004–present)
* Vadtal Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi —
   * Acharya Shree Ajendraprasadji Maharaj (1984–present)
   * Swaminarayan Gurukul —
      * Guruvarya Shri Devkrushnadasji Swami (1974–present)
   * Acharya Shree Rakeshprasadji Maharaj (2003–present)
* BAPS —
   * Pramukh Swami Maharaj, President (1971–2016)
   * Mahant Swami Maharaj, President (2016–present)
* Swaminarayan Mandir Vasna Sanstha —
   * Gurudev Bapji, Founder (1987–2019)
   * HDH Swamishri, President (2019–present)
* Gunatit Samaj —
   * Pappaji Maharaj - Gunatit Jyot (1916–2006)
   * Hariprasad Swamiji Maharaj - Haridham Sokhada (1934–2021)
   * Aksharvihari Swamiji Maharaj - Shri Akshar Purushottam Satsang Kendra (1936–2019)
   * Jashbhai Sahebji - Anoopam Mission (1940–present)
* Prabodhjivan Swami
* Swaminarayan Gadi (Maninagar) —
   * Purushottampriyadasji Swami (1979-2020)
   * Jitendrapriyadasji Swami (2020-present)

### Hindu new movements

* PrashantAdvait Foundation - Acharya Prashant (2006 - present)
* Art of Living Foundation — Sri Sri Ravishankar, Spiritual Leader, Humanitarian (1981–present)
* Brahma Kumaris — Dadi Janki, Spiritual Head (1937–2020)
* Isha Foundation — Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev (1992–present)
* Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat — Vishaka Tripathi, Shyama Tripathi & Krishna Tripathi, Presidents (present)
* Mahanam Sampraday —
   * Upashak Bandhu Bhramachariji (India) (present)
   * Kanti Bandhu Bhramachariji (Bangladesh) (present)
* Mata Amritanandamayi Math — Mata Amritanandamayi, Spiritual Leader, Humanitarian (1981–present)
* Ramakrishna Mission/Vedanta Society —
   * Swami Ranganathananda, President (1998–2005)
   * Swami Gahanananda, President (2005–2007)
   * Swami Atmasthananda, President (2007–2017)
   * Swami Smaranananda, President (2017–2024)
   * Swami Gautamananda, President (2024-present)
* Sri Chinmoy Centers — Sri Chinmoy (1966–2007)

## Islam
### Pan-Islamic

* Organisation of Islamic Cooperation —
   * List of secretaries-general

### Sunni
#### International

* Barelvi movement
   * Dawat-e-Islami —
      * Muhammad Ilyas Qadri, Amir of Ahlussunnah–Emir of Sunnis (1981–present)
   * Sunni Dawate Islami —
      * Shakir Ali Noori, Ameer (1990–present)
   * World Islamic Mission —
      * Qamaruzzaman Azmi, President (present)
   * World Sunni Movement —
      * Syed Mohammad Saifur Rahman, Chief Advisor (present)
* Deobandi movement —
   * Taqi Usmani, Sheikh ul Islam (2004–present)
   * Tablighi Jamaat —
      * Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi, Amir (1995–2014)
      * position abolished (since 2014)
* International Islamic Council for Da'wah and Relief —
   * Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al-Musleh, Secretary-General (present)
   * Muslim World League
      * Abdallah Ben Abdel Mohsen At-Turki (2000–2016)
      * Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa, Secretary General (2016–present)
   * World Muslim Congress
      * President
         * Abdullah Omar Nasseef (present)
      * Secretary General
         * Raja Zafar-ul-Haq (present)
* Muslim Brotherhood
   * Mustafa Mashhur, General Guide (1996–2002)
   * Ma'mun al-Hudaybi, General Guide (2002–2004)
   * Mohammed Mahdi Akef, General Guide (2004–2010)
   * Mohammed Badie, General Guide (2010–present)

#### Afghanistan

* Taliban —
   * Mohammed Omar, Amir (1994–2013)
   * Akhtar Mansour, Amir (2015–2016)
   * Hibatullah Akhundzada, Amir (2016–present)

#### Australia

* Grand Mufti of Australia
   * Taj El-Din Hilaly (1992–2007)
   * Fehmi Naji (2007–2011)
   * Ibrahim Abu Mohamed (2011–2018)
   * Abdel Aziem Al-Afifi (2018)
   * Ibrahim Abu Mohamed (2018–present)

#### Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina —
   * Mustafa Cerić, Grand Mufti (1993–2012)
   * Husein Kavazović, Grand Mufti (2012–present)

#### China

* Islamic Association of China —
   * Xilalunding Chen Guangyuan, President (present)

#### Indonesia

* Indonesian Ulema Council —
   * Sahal Mahfudh, chairman (2000–2014)
   * Din Syamsuddin, chairman (2014–2015)
   * Ma'ruf Amin, chairman (2015–2020)
   * Miftachul Achyar, chairman (2020–2023)
   * Anwar Iskandar, chairman (2023–present)
* Muhammadiyah —
   * Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif (1998–2005)
   * Din Syamsuddin (2005–2015)
   * Haedar Nashir (2015–present)
* Nahdlatul Ulama —
   * Spiritual leader
      * Sahal Mahfudz (1999–2014)
      * Mustofa Bisri (2014, temporary)
      * Ma'ruf Amin (2015–2018)
      * Miftachul Akhyar (2018–present)
   * Chairman
      * Hasyim Muzadi (1999–2010)
      * Said Aqil Siradj (2010–2021)
      * Yahya Cholil Staquf (2021–present)

#### Israel and Palestine

* Grand Mufti of Jerusalem —
   * Ekrima Sa'id Sabri (1994–2006)
   * Muhammad Ahmad Hussein (2006–present)

#### Kazakhstan

* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Kazakhstan —
   * Absattar Derbisali, Grand Mufti (2000–2013)
   * Yerzhan Malgajyuly Mayamerov, Grand Mufti (2013–present)

#### Malaysia

* Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs —
   * Ismail Ibrahim, Chairman (2000–2005)
   * Abdul Shukor Husin, Chairman (2005–2017)
   * Wan Zahidi bin Wan Teh, Chairman (2017–2022)
   * Nooh Gadut, Chairman (2022–present)

#### North Macedonia

* Islamic Religious Community of Macedonia —
   * Zejnulla Fazliu, Islamic religious leader (1990–present)

#### Russia

* Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia —
   * Talgat Tadzhuddin, Shaikh al-Islam, Grand Mufti (1992–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russian Federation and Russian Council of Muftis —
   * Rawil Ğaynetdin, Grand Mufti (2014–present) and Chairman (1996–present)
* Spiritual Assembly of the Muslims of Russia —
   * Albir Krganov, Mufti (2016–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia —
   * Nafigulla Ashirov, Mufti (1997–present)
* Coordinating Center of North Caucasus Muslims —
   * Magomed Albogachiev, Chairman (1998–2003)
   * Ismail Berdiyev, Chairman (2003–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai —
   * Askarbiy Kardanov, Mufti (2012–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Bashkortostan —
   * Ainur Birgalin, Mufti (2019–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic —
   * Akhmad Shamaiev, Mufti (2000–2005)
   * Sultan Mirsayev, Mufti (2005–2014)
   * Salah Mezhiev, Mufti (2014–present)
* Muftiate of the Republic of Dagestan —
   * Ahmad Afandi Abdulaev, Mufti (1998–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Ingushetia
   * Muhammed Alboghatchiev, Mufti
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic —
   * Hazrataliy Dzasejev, Mufti (2010–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic —
   * Ismail Berdiyev, Mufti (1991–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania —
   * Khajimurat Gatsalov, Mufti (2011–present)
* Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan —
   * Ğosman İsxaqi, Mufti (1998–2011)
   * Ildus Faiz, Mufti (2011–2013)
   * Kamil Samigullin, Mufti (2013–present)

#### Saudi Arabia

* Council of Senior Scholars and Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta —
   * Abdulaziz Al Sheikh, Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia (1999–present)
* Muslim World League
   * Abdallah Ben Abdel Mohsen At-Turki, Secretary General (2000–2016)
   * Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa, Secretary General (2016–present)

#### Taiwan

* Chinese Muslim Association —
   * Ma Jiazhen, President (1996–2002)
   * Ni Anguo, President (2002–2006)
   * Ma Ruhu, President (2006–2008)
   * Dawood Cho Yong-tsing, President (2008–present)

#### Ukraine

* Spiritual Direction of the Muslims of Crimea (Kyiv) —
   * Kirim Esende, Mufti
* Spiritual Directorate of the Muslims of Crimea (Simferopol) —
   * Emirali Ablaev, Mufti (1999–present)
* Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Ukraine —
   * Tamim Ahmed Muhamed Mutah, Mufti
* Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine "Ummah" —
   * Said Ismagilov, Mufti

#### Uzbekistan

* Muslim Board of Uzbekistan
   * Abdurashid Kori Bakhromov, Grand Mufti (1995–2006)
   * Usman Alimov, Grand Mufti (2006–2021)
   * Nuriddin Kholiqnazarov, Grand Mufti (2021–present)

#### Yemen

* Dar al-Mustafa —
   * Al-Habib Umar bin Hafidz (1997–present)

### Shia
#### Twelver

* Imams (complete list) –
   * Muhammad al-Mahdi, Imam (874–present) Shia belief holds that he was hidden by Allah in 874.
* Marja' (current list)
   * Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani (1993–2009)
   * Mohammad Fazel Lankarani (1980–2007)
   * Ali Khamenei (1985–present)
   * Muhammad Saeed al-Hakim (1981–2021)
   * Hossein Noori-Hamedani(2000–present)
   * Muhammad al-Fayadh (2008–present)
   * Ali al-Sistani (1980–present)
   * Naser Makarem Shirazi (1998–present)
   * Hossein Waheed Khorasani (1995–present)
   * Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani (1975–2022)
* Ahl Al-Bayt World Assembly
   * Ali Akbar Velayati, General Secretary
   * Mohammad Mahdi Asefi, General Secretary
   * Mohammad Hasan Akhtari, General Secretary (present)
* Bektashi Order –
   * Baba Reshat (1991–2011)
   * Baba Mondi (2011–present)
* Religious Council of the Caucasus —
   * Allahshukur Pashazadeh, Grand Mufti of the Caucasus (1992–present)

#### Ismaili

* Dawoodi Bohras –
   * Mohammed Burhanuddin, 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq (1965–2014)
   * Mufaddal Saifuddin, 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq (2014–present)
* Alawi Bohras
   * Abu Haatim Tayyib Ziyauddin, 44th Da'i al-Mutlaq (1974-2015)
   * Haatim Zakiyuddin, 45th Da'i al-Mutlaq (2015-present)
* Nizari Ismailism (complete list) –
   * Aga Khan IV, 49th Imam (1957–2025)
   * Aga Khan V, 50th Imam (2025-present)

#### Zaidiyyah

* Houthis –
   * Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, leader (1994–2004)
   * Badreddin al-Houthi, leader (2004)
   * Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi, leader (2004–present)

### Ahmadiyya

* Ahmadiyya Community –
   * Khalifatul Masih IV, Mirza Tahir Ahmad (1982–2003)
   * Khalifatul Masih V, Mirza Masroor Ahmad (2003–present)
* Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement –
   * Asghar Hameed (1996–2002)
   * Abdul Karim Saeed Pasha (2003–2022)

### Nation of Islam

* Nation of Islam –
   * Louis Farrakhan, head, (1981–present)

### Ibadi

* Ahmed bin Hamad al-Khalili, Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Oman
* Haitham bin Tariq (2015-present), Sultan of Oman

## Judaism
### Asia

* Israel, (complete list) —

### Eurasia

* Russia —
   * Congress of the Jewish Religious Organizations and Associations in Russia –
      * Adolf Shayevich, Chief Rabbi of Russia (1993–present)
   * Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia –
      * Berel Lazar, Chief Rabbi of Russia (2000–present)
* Turkey —
   * David Asseo, Chief Rabbi (1961–2002)
   * Ishak Haleva, Chief Rabbi (2002–2025)

### Europe

* Ireland —
   * Yaakov Pearlman, Chief Rabbi (2001–2008)
   * Zalman Lent, Acting Chief Rabbi (2008–present)

### United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations

* Chief Rabbis of the United Hebrew Congregations —
   * Jonathan Sacks, Chief Rabbi (1991–2013)
   * Ephraim Mirvis, Chief Rabbi (2013–present)

### North America

* Union for Reform Judaism (North America) –
   * Eric Yoffie, President (1996–2012)
   * Richard Jacobs, President (2012–present)

## New religious movements
### Baháʼí Faith

* Baháʼí Faith, Universal House of Justice
** Ali Nakhjavani (1963–2003)
** Hushmand Fatheazam (1963–2003)
** Ian Semple (1963–2005)
** Glenford Mitchell (1982–2008)
** Peter Khan (1987–2010)
** Adib Taherzadeh (1988–2000)
** Hooper Dunbar (1988–2010)
** J. Douglas Martin (1993–2005)
** Farzam Arbab (1993–2013)
** Kiser Barnes (2000–2013)
** Hartmut Grossman (2003–2008)
** Firaydoun Javaheri (2003–2018)
** Paul Lample (2005–present)
** Payman Mohajer (2005–present)
** Gustavo Correa (2008–2013)
** Shahriar Razavi (2008–present)
** Stephen Hall (2010–2023)
** Stephen Birkland (2010–2023)
** Ayman Rouhani (2013–present)
** Chuungu Malitonga (2013–present)
** Praveen Mallik (2018–present)
** Juan Francisco Mora (2018–present)
** Andrej Donoval (2023–present)
** Albert Nshisu Nsunga (2023–present)

### Radha Soami

* Radha Soami Satsang Beas —
** Gurinder Singh, Guru (1990–present)
* Radja Soami Satsang Dayalbagh —
** Makund Behari Lal, Guru (1975–2002)
** Prem Saran Satsangi, Guru (2002–present)
* Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod —
** Huzur Kanwar Saheb, Guru (present)
* Ruhani Satsang —
** Thakar Singh, Guru (1976–2005)

### Scientology

* Church of Scientology —
** David Miscavige, President of Scientology; Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center (1987–present)
** Heber Jentzsch, President of the Church of Scientology International (1982–present)

### Others

* Eckankar — Harold Klemp, Mahanta (1981–present)
* Elan Vital — Prem Rawat (1983–present)
* Falun Gong — Li Hongzhi, Spiritual Master (1992–present)
* Guanyin Famen — Ching Hai, Supreme Master (1988–present)
* LaVeyan Satanism — Peter H. Gilmore, Magus (2001–present)
* Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness —
** John-Roger Hinkins, Spiritual Director (1971–2014)
** John K. Morton, Spiritual Director (2014–present)
* Science of Spirituality — Rajinder Singh, Spiritual Master (1989–present)
* Tenrikyo — Nakayama Zenji, Shinbashira (1998–present)

## Other
### Jainism

* Śvētāmbara Terapanth —
** Shri Mahapragya, Acharya (1997–2010)
** Mahashraman (2010–present)

### Mandaeism

* Sattar Jabbar Hilo

### Ravidassia

* Niranjan Dass, Sant (2007–present)

### Shinto

* Shinto (complete list) —
** Akihito, Emperor of Japan, head of Shinto (1989–2019)
** Naruhito, Emperor of Japan, head of Shinto (2019–present)
* Jinja Honcho —
** Atsuko Ikeda, Chairperson (1988–present)

#### Sectarian Shinto

* Konkokyo –
** Heiki Konko, Spiritual Leader (1991–present)
* Kurozumikyō –
** Kurozumi Muneharu, Chief Patriarch (1973–2017)
** Kurozumi Munemichi, Chief Patriarch (2017–present)

### Unitarian Universalism

* Unitarian Universalist Association –
** William G. Sinkford, President (2001–2009)
** Peter Morales, President (2009–2017)
** Susan Frederick-Gray, President (2017–2023)
** Sofía Betancourt, President (2023–present)

### Voodoo / Vodun

* Beninese Vodun
** Adanyroh Guèdèhounguè, President of National Community of Voodoo Cults of Benin (CNCVB)
** Daagbo Hounon Houna II, Supreme Leader of Vodun
* Haitian Vodou
** Demanbre — Augustin St. Clou, King of Voodoo (2016–present)
** National Confederation of Haitian Vodouisants (KNVA) — Prospère Louidor, National Ati (Supreme Voodoo Chief) (2021–present)

### Spiritual Genuinity

* Mokshadharma —
** Founded by Amit Goyal (2019-present)
** Started at a badminton court in Sydney where the idea was playing honestly and how it depicts the peace in this world.