# Shaoguan

Shaoguan is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong Province (Yuebei), South China, bordering Hunan to the northwest and Jiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixth Zen Buddhist patriarch Huineng. Its built-up (or metro) area made up of Zhenjiang, Wujiang and Qujiang urban conurbated districts was home to 1,028,460 inhabitants as of the 2020 census.

## History

Shaozhou or Seochew was a prefecture under the Tang and Song.
In 1589, Matteo Ricci relocated his mission house – the first ever Jesuit mission in mainland China – to Shaoguan after a fallout with the authorities in Zhaoqing. He remained in Shaoguan for a few years, eventually benefiting from Shaoguan's location on the important north–south travel route to establish connections with traveling dignitaries that allowed him to move north, to Nanchang, Nanjing, and Beijing.
During World War II the city, then called Kukong, was the temporary capital of Guangdong Province.
In June 2009, Uyghurs and Han workers clashed at a toy factory in Shaoguan (Shaoguan incident), which was followed by the Ürümqi riots in July.

## Culture

The main languages spoken are Hakka and Shaozhou Tuhua, related to Ping Chinese. Shaozhounese or Seochewese is spoken in Shaozhou city and Hakka (mainly Yetpet and Seunan dialects) are spoken in neighboring counties.
In the past, Seochew culture followed its people outside of the mainland China. In the past, the Seochew community was an important part of Nam Định City. They joined right when the French protectorate government first built the city. To this day, the most famous specialty of Nam Định City is Seochew candy (kẹo sìu-châu), sweet-meat xôi (xôi xá-xíu) and sweet-meat pho (phở xá-xíu) which is produced by families with long-standing Seochew roots in the old town area of Nam Định City.

### Tourism

Northwest of Shaoguan, at the town of Pingshi, a stretch of river known as the Nine Torrents and Eighteen Shoals is a popular place for white-water rafting. The city is served by Shaoguan Danxia Airport. Besides, Shaoguan University is located in the city.
The Fengcai Tower (风采楼) in the centre of Shaoguan was built in the Ming dynasty. To the south of the tower, at the other end of a pedestrian shopping street, the Dajian Monastery was founded in 660.
Near Shaoguan is the town of Maba, home of relics and museum of the Maba Man, Chinese Neanderthals. Near Maba is Nanhua Temple, which was founded by Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism. Shaoguan Iron and Steel is also located near Maba. Danxia Mountain is located in Renhua County, Shaoguan.

### Notable people

* Zhang, Jiu Ling (張九齡): a high-ranking official of the Tang dynasty. (A.D. 618–A.D. 1127)
* Yu, Jing (余靖): a high-ranking official of the Northern Song dynasty. (A.D 960–A.D. 1127)
* Chu, Siu Hung (朱韶洪): Hong Kong social activist
* Regina Ho Yee Ting (何依婷): Winner of 2017 Miss Hong Kong pageant, also an actress of Hong Kong

## Geography

Shaoguan is the northernmost prefecture-level city of Guangdong, bordering Chenzhou (Hunan) to the northwest and north, Ganzhou (Jiangxi) to the northeast, Heyuan to the east, Guangzhou and Huizhou to the south, and Qingyuan to the west. It spans latitude 23° 53'−25° 31' N and longitude 112° 53'−114° 45' E. It is situated at the southern end of the Nan Mountains (Nan Ling), which primarily run east–west here, and is marked by numerous erosion-created valleys; within its borders lies the 1,902 m (6,240 ft) Mount Shikeng (石坑崆), the highest point in the province. The city is located on the Jingguang Railway (Beijing−Guangzhou) about 221 kilometres (137 mi) north of the provincial capital of Guangzhou. Shaoguan is also readily accessible by road as it is adjacent to the G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway as well as numerous other National Highways.
At Shaoguan, the Wu River from the northwest and the Zhen River from the northeast join up to create the North River (Bei Jiang) which flows south to Guangzhou. The downtown part of Shaoguan is located on a peninsula between the Wu and Zhen Rivers. The rivers are maintained at a constant level by a dam about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) downstream from the city. The city has about 20 kilometres (12 mi) of tree-lined riverside esplanades along the banks of the rivers. There are seven bridges crossing the three rivers.

### Administration

Shaoguan has direct jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level cities and 5 counties:
| Map | Map | Map | Map | Map | Map | Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Zhenjiang District | 浈江区 | Zhēnjiāng Qū | 393,521 | 572.11 | 688 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang District | 武江区 | Wǔjiāng Qū | 294,708 | 677.78 | 435 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Qujiang District | 曲江区 | Qǔjiāng Qū | 303,371 | 1,620.77 | 187 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Shixing County | 始兴县 | Shǐxīng Xiàn | 205,452 | 2,131.91 | 96 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Renhua County | 仁化县 | Rénhuà Xiàn | 200,354 | 2,223.22 | 99 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wengyuan County | 翁源县 | Wēngyuán Xiàn | 331,120 | 2,174.87 | 152 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Xinfeng County | 新丰县 | Xīnfēng Xiàn | 206,091 | 1,967.39 | 105 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County | 乳源瑶族自治县 | Rǔyuán Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn | 177,471 | 2,299.01 | 77 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Lechang City | 乐昌市 | Lèchāng Shì | 397,779 | 2,419,28 | 164 |
| Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Wujiang Zhenjiang Qujiang Shixing County Renhua County Wengyuan County Xinfeng County Ruyuan County Lechang (City) Nanxiong (City) | Nanxiong City | 南雄市 | Nánxióng Shì | 316,179 | 2,326,18 | 136 |

### Climate

Shaoguan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with short, mild, damp winters, rainy springs, long, hot, and humid summers, and relatively sunny autumns. Due to the city's location far inland, winters are significantly cooler than in the rest of the province, with freezing rain possible in the nearby mountain passes in some years. Winter begins dry and relatively sunny but becomes progressively cloudier and damper. Spring is the cloudiest and wettest season, with the sun shining less than 30% of the time. The annual rainfall is around 1,600 mm (63 in), much of it delivered from April thru June. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 10.3 °C (50.5 °F) in January to 29.0 °C (84.2 °F) in July; the annual mean is 20.5 °C (68.9 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 16% in March to 54% in July, the city receives 1,617 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Climate data for Shaoguan, elevation 121 m (397 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 30.5 (86.9) | 32.6 (90.7) | 35.4 (95.7) | 36.4 (97.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.4 (104.7) | 40.3 (104.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 36.6 (97.9) | 34.0 (93.2) | 28.5 (83.3) | 40.4 (104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) | 17.2 (63.0) | 19.7 (67.5) | 25.1 (77.2) | 29.0 (84.2) | 31.5 (88.7) | 33.8 (92.8) | 33.7 (92.7) | 31.4 (88.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 22.8 (73.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 25.3 (77.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.4 (83.1) | 26.2 (79.2) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 11.7 (53.1) | 20.5 (68.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) | 9.6 (49.3) | 12.8 (55.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 8.0 (46.4) | 17.1 (62.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) | −2.2 (28.0) | 0.9 (33.6) | 5.7 (42.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 16.6 (61.9) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 6.3 (43.3) | 1.6 (34.9) | −4.3 (24.3) | −4.3 (24.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 78.1 (3.07) | 88.9 (3.50) | 189.7 (7.47) | 207.1 (8.15) | 303.3 (11.94) | 288.5 (11.36) | 151.7 (5.97) | 144.1 (5.67) | 93.3 (3.67) | 46.2 (1.82) | 64.9 (2.56) | 56.9 (2.24) | 1,712.7 (67.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.9 | 12.1 | 18.6 | 17.0 | 18.3 | 18.7 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 10.3 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 155.3 |
| Average snowy days | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 78 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 73 | 75 | 74 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 87.2 | 77.7 | 66.8 | 88.5 | 123.9 | 145.8 | 214.1 | 198.8 | 171.9 | 171.4 | 137.5 | 125.8 | 1,609.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 26 | 24 | 18 | 23 | 30 | 36 | 51 | 50 | 47 | 48 | 42 | 38 | 36 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological AdministrationNOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China ||||||||||||||

### Landscapes

* Zhongshan Park
* Central Shaoguan
* Guangdong Grand Canyon in Shaoguan
* Nanhua Temple
* Fields in Shaoguan