# Lens adapter

In photography and videography, a lens adapter is a device that enables the use of camera and lens combinations from otherwise incompatible systems. The most simple lens adapter designs, passive lens adapters provide a secure physical connection between the camera and the lens. Some passive adapters may include a mechanism for manual iris control. So called, active lens adapters will include electronic connections, enabling communication between the lens and the camera.
Some lens adapters include a special optical element called a telecompressor, focal reducer, or more recently a "speed booster", a genericised trademark that refers to the Metabones Speed Booster line of lens adapters. This type of adapter is designed to reduce focal length, increase lens speed, and in some instances improve MTF performance. Another innovator in the field is KIPON, a German/Chinese co-operation between Kipon and IB/E Optics. Another branch of lens adapters include an ND-filter to simplify changing lenses, which HolyManta introduced in 2013.
The depth-of-field adapter (also called a DOF adapter or 35 mm adapter) is a largely obsolete device that uses a ground glass focusing screen to enable the use of interchangeable lenses on a fixed lens camcorder. There are also lens adapters made for other optical systems, including microscopes and telescopes.

## Basic design

Most lens adapters feature a male fitting and a female fitting. The male fitting attaches to the camera, and the female fitting attaches to the lens. There is also an opening in the center to allow the light to pass through. Lens adapters can be shorter or longer, based on the respective flange focal distance of the lens and camera being adapted. Flange focal distance is the key specification in determining whether or not a particular type of lens can be adapted to any given camera. Generally speaking, cameras with a shorter flange focal distance can be adapted to a greater diversity of lenses. This is because there must be enough room to fit an adapter between the lens and the camera.
It is possible to physically mount a lens with a short flange focal distance on a camera with a long flange focal distance, but this will make it impossible to achieve infinity focus. The effect will be similar to that of an extension tube, because the lens will be mounted further from the image plane than intended. Some lens adapters utilize an optical element to compensate for this, effectively acting as a teleconverter. This introduces the typical side effects of a teleconverter, namely decreasing the amount of light that reaches the sensor, and adding a crop factor to the lens.
Additionally, there are several secondary factors to consider. Lenses designed for a smaller image sensor may not be adaptable to camera bodies with larger sensors as the image circle may not be large enough to cover the entire sensor, and will therefore exhibit vignetting. The age of the camera body may limit the availability of adapters; as camera bodies typically reach obsolescence before lenses. Finally, some adapters may include electronic or mechanical provisions in order to control the lens aperture and autofocus, to record the correct Exif data, or to report focus confirmation.
The following table shows commonly available adapters that don't require an optical element.
| | | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount | Lens Mount |
| | | E | MFT | NX | LM | M39 | FD | EF | A | PK | M42 | F | Z | LR |
| Camera Body Mount | E | Yes | Yes† | Yes‡ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Camera Body Mount | MFT | No | Yes | Yes‡ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Camera Body Mount | NX | No | No | Yes | Yes‡ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes‡ | Yes‡ | Yes | Yes | No | Yes‡ |
| Camera Body Mount | LM | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes‡ | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Camera Body Mount | FD | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No* | | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Camera Body Mount | EF | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No∗ | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Camera Body Mount | A | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No∗ | Yes | No∗ | No | Yes |
| Camera Body Mount | PK | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No∗ | No | Yes |
| Camera Body Mount | F | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Camera Body Mount | Z | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Camera Body Mount | LR | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
†Image may exhibit vignetting due to sensor size.
‡Theoretically possible, but may be difficult to find.
∗Although the camera's flange distance is shorter than the lens', there is not enough distance between the flange and the lens to integrate the bayonet.