OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Banana Yaya

Banana Yaya (born 29 July 1991) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a Centre-back for AS Trouville-Deauville.

## Club career

In June 2009, Yaya signed with Tunisian club Espérance Sportive de Tunis where he started his professional playing career. After rumours linking him with English Championship giants Leeds United Banana signed for FC Sochaux-Montbéliard from Espérance Tunis on 17 January 2012.
Yaya was sent on loan to Swiss club Lausanne-Sport for the 2013–14 season.
On 30 July 2014, he signed for Greek Super League side Platanias for an undisclosed fee. He immediately became the undisputed leader of the club's defense.
On 23 June 2017, after the end of his contract with Platanias, he joined Olympiacos, remaining in the Super League. On the same day he was loaned to Panionios on a season-long loan, as he was not in the plans of Olympiacos coach. His loan was extended for another year.
On 4 December 2019, his contract with Olympiacos was terminated without making a single appearance for the club.
On 1 February 2022, it was announced that Bengaluru FC signed Yaya on a short-term deal for the remainder of the 2021–22 Indian Super League season.

## International career

Yaya made his debut for Cameroon starting against Thailand in a friendly match in March 2015.
On 11 November 2017, Banana scored his first goal for Cameroon against Zambia.
In the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt, Yaya was called up to his national team. In his first match against Guinea-Bissau, he scored in the 66th minute and the team won 2–0.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of matches played on 12 July 2019
Cameroon national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2015 | 5 | 2 |
| 2016 | 3 | 0 |
| 2017 | 4 | 1 |
| 2018 | 10 | 1 |
| 2019 | 10 | 2 |
| Total | 32 | 6 |

### International goals

    Scores and results list Cameroon's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 11 November 2017 | Levy Mwanawasa Stadium, Ndola, Zambia | Zambia | 2–2 | 2–2 | 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 2. | 25 June 2019 | Ismailia Stadium, Ismailia, Egypt | Guinea-Bissau | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2019 Africa Cup of Nations |

## Honours
### Individual

* CAF Team of the Year: 2011
# Saki Yew

Saki Yew is the stage name of Jeffrey Trinidad, an Australian-born British drag performer who competed on the sixth series of RuPaul's Drag Race UK.

## Career

Drag performer Saki Yew competed on the sixth series of RuPaul's Drag Race UK. She and fellow contestant Zahirah Zapanta were the show's first of Filipino descent. Saki Yew left the competition in the second episode because of a knee injury, placing twelfth overall.

## Personal life

In addition to being of Filipino descent, Saki Yew has Australian and Mancunian backgrounds. Saki Yew is from Melbourne and lives in Manchester. Saki Yew uses the pronouns she/her in drag and he/him out of drag.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2024 | RuPaul's Drag Race UK | Contestant | Series 6; 2 episodes |
# Stefan Weber (orientalist)

Stefan Weber (born 17 October 1967, in Aachen) is a German Orientalist and director of the Museum of Islamic Art (Museum für Islamische Kunst) at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany. Previously, he was assistant professor of material history at the Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations of Aga Khan University in London.

## Career

Weber matriculated in Islamic studies (Arabic, Persian, Turkish and History of Islamic art) at Bonn University in 1990 and finished as Magister in 1996. After university he worked at the German Archaeological Institute in Damascus. In 2001 he received a doctorate from the University of Berlin and moved to Beirut as staff member of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (German Oriental Society).
In 2007 he became assistant professor of material history at the Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations of Aga Khan University in London. In July 2008 he was appointed as director of the Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation and holds this position since spring 2009.
Stefan Weber chaired several international and interdisciplinary projects. He specializes in the architectural history of Syria during the Ottoman period.

## Publications

* Zeugnisse Kulturellen Wandels: Stadt, Architektur und Gesellschaft des osmanischen Damaskus im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Ph.D. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin, 2001 (Online version)
* "Das Anfang vom Ende. Der Wandel bemalter Holzvertäfelungen in Damaskus des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts." In Julia Gonnella, Jens Kröger: Angels, Peonies, and Fabulous Creatures: The Aleppo Room in Berlin. International Symposium of the Museum für Islamische Kunst - Staatliche Museen zu Berlin 12.-14. April 2002, pp. 153–164. ISBN 978-3-930454-82-2
* The Empire in the City: Arab Provincial Capitals in the Late Ottoman Empire. Beiruter Texte und Studien 88, Beirut 2002 (as editor with J. Hanssen, Th. Philipp)
* Damascus: Ottoman Modernity and Urban Transformation (1808–1918). Aarhus University Press, Aarhus 2009, ISBN 978-8779344242.
# Gösta Raquette

Gustaf Rikard Raquette (also spelled Gustav) (7 Feb. 1871–1945) was a missionary with the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden (in Swedish 'Svenska Missions Förbundet') to Central Asia
Raquette was born on 7 February 1871 in Tolfta Parish, Uppsala County.
He served as a medical missionary in Baku and Buchara from 1895 to 1896, Kashgar from 1896 to 1901, Yarkand from 1904 to 1911 and once more in Kashgar from 1913 to 1921, then he returned to Sweden via Tibet and India.
Raquette married Evelina Elisabet Björkgren on 16 May 1896.
After he returned to Sweden, and took up a lectureship at the University of Lund. Gunnar Jarring is one of his most well known pupils from his time teaching at the university.

## Sources

Nordisk familjebok article on Raquette
# Carl Ivar Ståhle

Carl Ivar Ståhle (27 June 1913 – 12 June 1980) was a Swedish linguist, toponymist, and member of the Swedish Academy.

## Biography

Ståhle was born in Stenberga, Jönköping County. He became a student at Norra Latin in 1927. Following matriculation examination (Studentexamen) in 1931, he entered Stockholm University 1932. In 1946 he defended his doctoral thesis in Nordic languages titled "Studier över de svenska ortnamnen på -inge" (studies on Swedish place names with -inge). He worked at the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities between 1946 and 1954. In 1955, he became professor of Nordic languages at Stockholm University. He was, however, forced to leave the position in 1971 due to declining health, but began working as a researcher at the Swedish Academy. He was elected to chair 3 of the Swedish Academy in 1974.
Ståhle was a very productive researcher and writer. He was also an active editor and publisher with duties in many different associations, committees, and academies. He was president of Svenska språknämnden, a predecessor of the current Swedish Language Council, from 1967. Between 1963 and 1969 he was a member of "1963 års bibelkommitté". This was a committee tasked by the Swedish government to write a report (SOU) on the prerequisites for making a new Swedish translation of the bible. Ståhle was also president of Svenska Vitterhetssamfundet (The Swedish Society for Belles-Lettres) from 1969 until his death.
Ståhle married Anna Greta Ståhle (1913 – 2006) in 1940. She was a journalist at the newspaper Dagens Nyheter. They had two daughters and a son.

## Memberships in Royal Academies

* Member of the sv:Samfundet för utgivande av handskrifter rörande Skandinaviens historia from 1953
* Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities from 1962
* Member of the Royal Gustavus Adolphus Academy from 1964
* Member of the Swedish Academy from 1974
# Eustacio Rizo

Eustacio Rizo Escoto (born 30 September 1971) is a Mexican former footballer. He played in four matches for the Mexico national football team from 1995 to 1997. He was also part of Mexico's squad for the 1997 Copa América tournament. At the club level, Rizo debuted with Tecos in 1991.
# Viktor Rudyi

Viktor Rudoy (Ukrainian: Рудой Виктор Владимирович; born 11 February 1962) is a retired Soviet and Ukrainian football player. He spend most of his career to Desna Chernihiv the main club in Chernihiv.

## Career

A pupil of the Chernigov Children's and Youth Sports School of Desna Chernihiv, coaches - Miroslav Mandrik, Efim Shkolnikov. Since 1980 he played at the senior level for the Desna Chernihiv in the second league of the USSR. In 1982 he became the second prize-winner of the Ukrainian SSR championship among the teams of the second league. In 1984 he moved to Metalurh Zaporizhya, who played in the first league, but played only 12 matches, in all of them he came out on substitutions. In 1985 he moved to Nyva Vinnytsia, spent four and a half seasons with it, having played 175 matches in the second league. In the summer of 1989 he temporarily returned to Desna Chernihiv, which played in the second and then in the second lower league. In the last season of the USSR championship, he played in the second lower league for Neftyanik (Akhtyrka) and in the first league for Bukovyna Chernivtsi, but he could not gain a foothold anywhere. After the collapse of the USSR, he played for some time in amateur competitions in Chernigov. In the summer of 1993, he moved to Nyva Vinnytsia and played 2 matches in the Ukrainian Premier League. He played his debut match in the tournament on August 8, 1993, against Torpedo Zaporizhia, replacing Viktor Budnik in the 76th minute. At the beginning of 1994 he returned to Desna Chernihiv, which played in the first league and finished there last in IN 1999 and also played few games with Domostroitel Chernihiv.

## Honours
### Desna Chernihiv

* Ukrainian Second League: 1996–97

### Torpedo Mogilev

* Belarusian Cup: Runners-up 1994–95

### Desna Chernihiv

* Championship of the Ukrainian SSR: Runner-up 1982
# Don Doran

Don Doran is a retired American soccer defender who played professional in the Major Indoor Soccer League.
In 1977, the St. Louis Stars of the North American Soccer League drafted Doran, but did not sign him. He then played for St. Louis Kutis until he signed with the St. Louis Steamers of the Major Indoor Soccer League in 1980. In 1980, he was drafted by the California Sunshine of the American Soccer League. He may not have played for them. He did play amateur soccer in St. Louis with the Costa Mesa Cowboys in 1981. In 1982, he signed with the Los Angeles Lazers of MISL.
In 2009, Doran was inducted into the St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame.
# Jing County, Hebei

Jing County or Jingxian (simplified Chinese: 景县; traditional Chinese: 景縣; pinyin: Jǐng Xiàn) is a county in Hengshui, Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has an area of 1,183 km$^2$ (457 sq mi) and has 500,000 inhabitants. Its seat is the town of Jingzhou (景州镇).

## Administrative divisions
### Towns

Jingzhou (景州镇), Longhua (龙华镇), Guangchuan (广川镇), Jing County (王瞳镇), Jiangheliu (洚河流镇), Anling (安陵镇), Duqiao (杜桥镇), Wangqiansi (王谦寺镇), Beiliuzhi (北留智镇), Liuzhimiao (留智庙镇)

### Townships

Liuji Township (刘集乡), Lianzhen Township (连镇乡), Liangji Township (梁集乡), Wencheng Township (温城乡), Houliumingfu Township (后留名府乡), Qinglan Township (青兰乡)

## Climate

Climate data for Jingxian, elevation 15 m (49 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) | 22.5 (72.5) | 30.8 (87.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 40.3 (104.5) | 41.3 (106.3) | 42.2 (108.0) | 36.6 (97.9) | 36.6 (97.9) | 32.7 (90.9) | 26.0 (78.8) | 18.2 (64.8) | 42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) | 7.4 (45.3) | 14.3 (57.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.3 (90.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 4.8 (40.6) | 19.5 (67.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) | 1.2 (34.2) | 7.8 (46.0) | 14.9 (58.8) | 21.1 (70.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 27.4 (81.3) | 25.7 (78.3) | 21.1 (70.0) | 14.5 (58.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | −0.6 (30.9) | 13.5 (56.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) | −3.8 (25.2) | 2.3 (36.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 9.3 (48.7) | 1.4 (34.5) | −4.8 (23.4) | 8.5 (47.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.1 (−4.2) | −17.3 (0.9) | −10.3 (13.5) | −2.8 (27.0) | 3.1 (37.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 4.5 (40.1) | −3.6 (25.5) | −14.8 (5.4) | −22.5 (−8.5) | −22.5 (−8.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.4 (0.09) | 7.6 (0.30) | 7.7 (0.30) | 29.4 (1.16) | 34.7 (1.37) | 71.5 (2.81) | 151.7 (5.97) | 124.6 (4.91) | 36.2 (1.43) | 29.2 (1.15) | 14.2 (0.56) | 3.2 (0.13) | 512.4 (20.18) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 11.1 | 9.6 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 64.2 |
| Average snowy days | 2.6 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 9.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 56 | 51 | 55 | 59 | 59 | 75 | 80 | 72 | 65 | 66 | 63 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 162.2 | 165.5 | 219.0 | 234.8 | 262.0 | 222.4 | 178.2 | 186.7 | 189.8 | 188.8 | 154.1 | 152.5 | 2,316 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 53 | 54 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 50 | 40 | 45 | 52 | 55 | 51 | 51 | 52 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

The county is served by Jingzhou railway station.
# Anthony Nicholls (physicist)

Anthony (Ant) Nicholls is a physicist and entrepreneur from Plympton, Plymouth, England.

## Education

Nicholls was educated at Plympton Grammar School and then from 1979 studied Physics at Oxford before joining the Institute for Molecular Biophysics at Florida State University. There he studied quantum dispersion of excitations in biological systems with William Rhodes and in football with Bobby Bowden. He earned his Ph.D. in biophysics in 1988 and began a post-doc with Barry Honig at Columbia University, New York.

## Software development

Nicholls has largely worked in molecular biophysics, designing software that is used in drug discovery applications.
While at Columbia University, he re-wrote the electrostatics program known as DelPhi. DelPhi took input from a coordinate file format of a molecule and calculated the electrostatic potential in and around the system, using a finite difference solution to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
Nicholls later wrote the graphics software GRASP. GRASP was a graphics program written for Silicon Graphics computers that was used by the structural biology community to visualize macromolecules. It was the most widely used software for computing and displaying polyhedral molecular surfaces during the 1990s.

## Business

Work conducted on DelPhi and GRASP continues to be the intellectual property of Columbia University. As a result, Nicholls consulted with David Weininger, and decided in 1997 to found OpenEye in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Nicholls has also been referred to as the "Steve Jobs of the Info Mesa" in regard to his work at OpenEye. OpenEye has employed a number of notable people in cheminformatics, including Roger Sayle, developer of RasMol. OpenEye was acquired by Cadence Design Systems in 2022. In early 2025, Nicholls announced his retirement from the company.
# Siyang County

Siyang County (simplified Chinese: 泗阳县; traditional Chinese: 泗陽縣; pinyin: Sìyáng Xiàn) is under the administration of Suqian, Jiangsu province, China. It borders the prefecture-level city of Huai'an to the southeast.
Siyang is famous for its poplar tree. It is the earliest Chinese county and the Italian poplar tree were the highest poplar coverage of China as China polar tree industry county of the most developed county forestry of China and to learn the unique honor of "China YiYang township of" title of county the name. In addition, SiYang because has the Chinese unique poplar museum, and hold China unique YangShuJie which is famous and well-known.

## Administrative divisions

At present, Siyang County has 11 towns and 5 townships.

### 11 towns

| Zhongxing (众兴镇) Aiyuan (爱园镇) Wangji (王集镇) Peixu (裴圩镇) Xinyuan (新袁镇) Likou (李口镇) | Linhe (临河镇) Chuancheng (穿城镇) Luji (卢集镇) Gaodu (高渡镇) Zhangjiaxu (张家圩镇) |

### 5 townships

| Zhuangwei (庄圩乡) Liren (里仁乡) Sanzhuang (三庄乡) | Baji (八集乡) Nanliuji (南刘集乡) |

## Climate

Climate data for Siyang, elevation 15 m (49 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.8 (80.2) | 32.6 (90.7) | 35.4 (95.7) | 36.9 (98.4) | 38.3 (100.9) | 37.2 (99.0) | 35.5 (95.9) | 32.9 (91.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 38.3 (100.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 25.8 (78.4) | 29.3 (84.7) | 31.3 (88.3) | 30.7 (87.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 8.3 (46.9) | 19.9 (67.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) | 4.2 (39.6) | 9.1 (48.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 20.8 (69.4) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.8 (80.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 16.9 (62.4) | 10.2 (50.4) | 3.8 (38.8) | 15.3 (59.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) | 0.6 (33.1) | 5.0 (41.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 16.1 (61.0) | 20.7 (69.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 12.9 (55.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 0.3 (32.5) | 11.5 (52.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) | −14.7 (5.5) | −6.6 (20.1) | −0.8 (30.6) | 5.4 (41.7) | 11.7 (53.1) | 18.4 (65.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.7 (49.5) | 0.5 (32.9) | −5.8 (21.6) | −14.8 (5.4) | −14.8 (5.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.3 (1.07) | 29.9 (1.18) | 42.9 (1.69) | 47.4 (1.87) | 70.8 (2.79) | 140.7 (5.54) | 231.3 (9.11) | 176.6 (6.95) | 91.2 (3.59) | 44.3 (1.74) | 43.4 (1.71) | 22.2 (0.87) | 968 (38.11) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.7 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 8.1 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 95.5 |
| Average snowy days | 3.3 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 8.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68 | 67 | 65 | 65 | 69 | 73 | 81 | 83 | 78 | 72 | 71 | 68 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 141.8 | 138.9 | 175.9 | 197.8 | 204.0 | 166.1 | 168.7 | 170.8 | 167.9 | 169.7 | 146.8 | 148.7 | 1,997.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 45 | 44 | 47 | 51 | 47 | 39 | 39 | 42 | 46 | 49 | 47 | 48 | 45 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Pierre and Jean (film)

Pierre and Jean (French: Pierre et Jean) is a 1943 French drama film directed by André Cayatte and starring Renée Saint-Cyr, Noël Roquevert and Jacques Dumesnil. It is based on the novel Pierre and Jean by Guy de Maupassant. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios and Neuilly Studios in Paris and on location in Gournay-sur-Marne. The film's sets were designed by the art director Andrej Andrejew.

## Cast

* Renée Saint-Cyr as Alice
* Noël Roquevert as Marcel Roland
* Jacques Dumesnil as Le docteur Henri Marchat
* Gilbert Gil as Pierre Roland
* Bernard Lancret as Jean Roland
* Solange Delporte as Louise Roland
* René Génin as Pascaud
* Paul Barge as Le garçon de la guinguette
* Dany Bill as Pierre Roland enfant
* Georges Chamarat as Carbonnel
* Raymond Raynal as Le boxeur
* Huguette Vivier as Loulou Vertu
# Thomas Mackenzie (disambiguation)

Sir Thomas Mackenzie (1853–1930) was Prime Minister of New Zealand in 1912, and later High Commissioner.
Thomas Mackenzie or Thomas McKenzie may also refer to:
* Thomas MacKenzie (Russian admiral) (1740–1786), rear admiral, founder of Sevastopol
* Thomas Mackenzie (Royal Navy officer) (1753–1813), Royal Navy admiral
* Thomas Mackenzie (1789–1822), MP for Ross-shire, 1818–1822
* Thomas Mackenzie (Scottish politician) (1793–1856), MP for Ross and Cromarty, 1837–1847
* Thomas Mackenzie, Lord Mackenzie (1807–1869), Scottish judge
* Thomas Mackenzie (Australian politician) (1854–1934), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
* Thomas Mackenzie (illustrator) (1887–1944), illustrator
* Tom MacKenzie (1882–1927), Australian rules footballer
* Thomas McKenzie (footballer), Scottish footballer for Third Lanark and Plymouth Argyle
* Tommy McKenzie (1906–1990), Scottish footballer for Motherwell
* Tam McKenzie (1922–1967), Scottish footballer for Hearts
* Thomas McKenzie (priest) (1971–2021), American Anglican priest and author
* Thomas McKenzie (arena football), American indoor footballer
# Kristian Hindhede

Kristian Hindhede (surname pronounced as hin-d-her)(19 August 1891 – 8 January 1969) was a Danish civil engineer and industrialist. He was a son of the physician and nutritionist Mikkel Hindhede.
In the 1920s, Kristian Hindhede pioneered the use of ready-mix concrete trucks with a horizontal rotating drum mixer. He is described as the inventor of this vehicle in the Danish Who's Who Kraks Blå Bog. As early as 1916, Stephen Stepanian of Columbus, Ohio, developed a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that was the predecessor of the modern ready-mix concrete truck, but the patent that Stepanian filed in 1916 was rejected in 1919. The poor quality of motor trucks at the time was a problem for inventors.
Hindhede's company A/S De danske Betonfabrikker (later renamed KH Beton) evolved into Unicon A/S, Scandinavia's largest supplier of ready-mix concrete. It was acquired by Aalborg Portland in 1927.
# Matt Lord

Matt Lord (born 7 January 1978) is a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a lock. He was born in Taumarunui, New Zealand.
# Zymase

Zymase (also known as alcoholase) is an obsolete term for an enzyme complex that catalyzes the fermentation of sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. It occurs naturally in yeasts. Zymase activity varies among yeast strains.
Zymase is also the brand name of the drug pancrelipase.

## Cell-free fermentation experiment

Zymase was first isolated from the yeast cell in 1897 by a German chemist named Eduard Buchner who fermented sugar in the laboratory without living cells, leading to the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
The experiment for which Buchner won the Nobel Prize consisted of producing a cell-free extract of yeast cells and showing that this "press juice" could ferment sugar. This dealt yet another blow to vitalism by showing that the presence of living yeast cells was not needed for fermentation. The cell-free extract was produced by combining dry yeast cells, quartz and diatomaceous earth and then pulverizing the yeast cells with a mortar and pestle. This mixture would then become moist as the yeast cells' contents would come out of the cells. Once this step was done, the moist mixture would be put through a press and when this resulting "press juice" had glucose, fructose, or maltose added, carbon dioxide was seen to evolve, sometimes for days. Microscopic investigation revealed no living yeast cells in the extract.
Buchner hypothesized that yeast cells secrete proteins into their environment in order to ferment sugars. It was later shown that fermentation occurs inside the yeast cells.
British chemist Sir Arthur Harden divided zymase into two varieties (dialyzable and nondialyzable) in 1905.
Some science historians suggest that Eduard Buchner, in his 1897 work, merely repeated experiments already made by Antoine Béchamp in 1857. This is not the case: what Buchner obtained with yeast zymase, and without yeast cells, was alcoholic fermentation, while Béchamp had explicitly stated that, in absence of yeast cells, and by use of what he, also, called "zymase", he obtained only sugar inversion and no alcoholic fermentation. According to K.L. Manchester, what Béchamp called "zymase" was invertase.
# Nerići

Nerići (Cyrillic: Нерићи) is a village in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Han Pijesak, with a population of 72.