# List of ecoregions in Europe

The continent of Europe comprises a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.
The European Environmental Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas. The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not.

## List of ecoregions in Europe

Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.

### Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

| WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country |
| PA0401 | Apennine deciduous montane forests | Italy |
| PA0402 | Atlantic mixed forests | Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Germany |
| PA0403 | Azores temperate mixed forests | Portugal |
| PA0404 | Balkan mixed forests | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey |
| PA0405 | Baltic mixed forests | Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden |
| PA0406 | Cantabrian mixed forests | Spain, France, Portugal |
| PA0408 | Caucasus mixed forests | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey |
| PA0409 | Celtic broadleaf forests | Ireland, United Kingdom |
| PA0412 | Central European mixed forests | Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
| PA0416 | Crimean Submediterranean forest complex | Russia, Ukraine |
| PA0418 | Dinaric Mountains mixed forests | Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia |
| PA0419 | East European forest steppe | Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Russia |
| PA0421 | English Lowlands beech forests | United Kingdom |
| PA0422 | Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests | Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey |
| PA0429 | North Atlantic moist mixed forests | Ireland, United Kingdom (Northern Ireland and Scotland), Denmark (Faroe Islands) |
| PA0431 | Pannonian mixed forests | Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine |
| PA0432 | Po Basin mixed forests | Italy, Switzerland |
| PA0433 | Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests | Andorra, France, Spain |
| PA0435 | Rodope montane mixed forests | Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia |
| PA0436 | Sarmatic mixed forests | Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden |
| PA0445 | Western European broadleaf forests | Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Luxembourg. Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland |

### Temperate coniferous forests

| WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country |
| PA0501 | Alps conifer and mixed forests | Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia |
| PA0503 | Caledonian conifer Forest | United Kingdom |
| PA0504 | Carpathian montane conifer forests | Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine |
| PA0520 | Scandinavian coastal conifer forests | Norway |

### Taiga and Boreal forests

| WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country |
| PA0602 | Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra | Iceland |
| PA0608 | Scandinavian and Russian taiga | Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia |
| PA0610 | Ural montane forests and tundra | Russia |

### Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

| WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
| PA0807 | Faroe Islands boreal grasslands | Faroe Islands, Denmark | | |
| PA0814 | Pontic steppe | Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia | | |

### Tundra

| WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country |
| PA1101 | Arctic desert | Norway and Russia |
| PA1106 | Kola Peninsula tundra | Norway and Russia |
| PA1108 | Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra | Russia |
| PA1110 | Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands | Norway, Sweden, and Finland |

### Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

| WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country |
| PA1201 | Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests | Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey |
| PA1204 | Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests | France |
| PA1205 | Crete Mediterranean forests | Greece |
| PA1208 | Iberian conifer forests | Spain |
| PA1209 | Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests | Spain, Portugal |
| PA1210 | Illyrian deciduous forests | Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia |
| PA1211 | Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests | Italy |
| PA1215 | Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests | France, Spain |
| PA1216 | Northwest Iberian montane forests | Portugal, Spain |
| PA1217 | Pindus Mountains mixed forests | Greece, North Macedonia, and Albania |
| PA1218 | Southern Europe: Southern Italy | Italy |
| PA1219 | Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands | Spain |
| PA1221 | Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests | Portugal, Spain |
| PA1222 | Tyrrhenian–Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests | Italy, France and Malta |

### Caspian lowland desert

| WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
| PA1308 | Deserts and Xeric Shrublands | Russia and Kazachstan | | |
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest include: 6 Temperate coniferous forests: Apennine deciduous montane forests (Austria, France, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland) Crimean Submediterranean forest complex (Russia, Ukraine) Dinaric Mountains mixed forests (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia) North African Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests (France, Spain) Rodope montane mixed forests (Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia) and 2 Temperate coniferous forests: Alps conifer and mixed forests (Austria, France, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland) Carpathian montane conifer forests (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine)
* ↑ Baltic mixed forests include Natural beech wood
* 1 2 3 Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests include: 4 Temperate coniferous forests: Caucasus mixed forests (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Georgia, Russia, Turkey) Elburz Range forest steppe (Iran) Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests (Turkey) 2 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests: Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests (Azerbaijan, Iran) Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests (Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey) and 1 Montane grasslands and shrublands: Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe (Iran, Turkmenistan)

## Global 200 ecoregions in Europe
### Terrestrial

Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:
* PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
* PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra
* PA1110 Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands
Other Global 200 ecoregions:
* PA1214 Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

### Freshwater

Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:
* Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia)
* Danube delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
Small river ecoregions:
* Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)

### Marine

There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.

## Sources

* "World Wildlife Fund".
* "Global 200". WWF.