# Kizzmekia Corbett

Kizzmekia "Kizzy" Shanta Corbett (born January 26, 1986) is an American viral immunologist. She is an Assistant Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Shutzer Assistant Professor at the Harvard Radcliffe Institute since June 2021.
She joined Harvard following six years at the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIAID NIH) based in Bethesda, Maryland. She earned a PhD in microbiology and immunology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill) in 2014.
Appointed to the VRC in 2014, Corbett was a postdoctoral scientist of the VRC's COVID-19 Team, with research efforts aimed at COVID-19 vaccines. In February 2021, Corbett was highlighted in the Time's "Time100 Next" list under the category of Innovators, with a profile written by Anthony Fauci.

## Early life and education

Corbett was born in Hurdle Mills, North Carolina on January 26, 1986, to Rhonda Brooks. She grew up in Hillsborough, North Carolina, where she had a large family of step-siblings and foster siblings.
Corbett went to Oak Lane Elementary School in Roxboro and A.L. Stanback Middle School in Hillsborough. Her fourth grade teacher, Myrtis Bradsher, recalls recognizing Corbett's talent at an early age and encouraging Kizzy's mother to place her in advanced classes. "I always thought she is going to do something one day. She dotted i's and crossed t's. The best in my 30 years of teaching," Bradsher said in a 2020 interview with The Washington Post.
In 2004, Corbett graduated from Orange High School in Hillsborough, North Carolina. In 2008, Corbett received a B.S. in biological sciences and sociology from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), as a student in the Meyerhoff Scholars Program. Corbett is among a cohort of recent UMBC graduates (also including Kaitlyn Sadtler) who have risen to prominence in biomedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2014, Corbett received a PhD in microbiology and immunology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. For her doctoral work, Corbett worked in Sri Lanka to study the role of human antibodies in dengue virus pathogenesis.

## Career

While in high school, Corbett realized that she wanted to pursue a scientific career, and as part of an American Chemical Society-sponsored program called Project SEED, spent her summer holiday working in research laboratories, one of which was at UNC's Kenan Labs with organic chemist James Morkin. In 2005, she was a summer intern at Stony Brook University in Gloria Viboud's lab where she studied Yersinia pseudotuberculosis pathogenesis. From 2006 to 2007, she worked as a lab tech in Susan Dorsey's lab at the University of Maryland School of Nursing.
After earning her bachelor's degree, from 2006 to 2009, Corbett was a biological sciences trainer at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), where she worked alongside Dr. Barney S. Graham. At the NIH, Corbett worked on the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus as well as on a project focused on innovative vaccine platform advancement.
From 2009 to 2014, Corbett studied human antibody responses to dengue virus in Sri Lankan children under the supervision of Aravinda de Silva at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill). She studied how people produce antibodies in response to dengue fever, and how the genetics of dengue fever impact the severity of a disease. From April to May 2014, as part of her research for her dissertation, Corbett worked as a visiting scholar at Genetech Research Institute in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
In October 2014, Corbett became a research fellow working as a viral immunologist at the NIH. Her research aims to uncover mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and host immunity. She specifically focuses on development of novel vaccines for coronaviridae. Her early research considered the development of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) vaccine antigens. During this time, she identified a simple way to make coronavirus spike proteins that are stabilized in a conformation that renders them more immunogenic and manufacturable, in collaboration with researchers at Scripps Research Institute and Dartmouth College.
In December 2021, Corbett was assigned to Boston's COVID-19 advisory committee by mayor Wu.

### Development of COVID-19 vaccine

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Corbett started working on a vaccine to protect people from coronavirus disease. Recognizing that the virus was similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Corbett's team utilized previous knowledge of optimal coronavirus proteins to tackle COVID-19. S proteins form a "crown" on the surface of coronaviruses and are crucial for engagement of host cell receptors and the initiation of membrane fusion in coronavirus disease. This makes them a particularly vulnerable target for coronavirus prophylactics and therapeutics. Based on her previous research, Corbett's team, in collaboration with Jason McLellan and other investigators at The University of Texas at Austin, transplanted stabilizing mutations from SARS-CoV S protein into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. She was part of the NIH team who helped solve the cryogenic electron microscopy (CryoEM) structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Her prior research suggested that messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding S protein could be used to excite the immune response to produce protective antibodies against coronavirus disease 2019.
To manufacture and test the COVID-19 vaccine Corbett's team partnered with Moderna, a biotechnology company, to rapidly enter animal studies. Subsequently, the vaccine entered Phase 1 clinical trial only 66 days after the virus sequence was released. The trial, to be completed in at least 45 people, is a dose escalation study in the form of two injections separated by 28 days. In December 2020, the Institute's Director, Anthony Fauci said: "Kizzy is an African American scientist who is right at the forefront of the development of the vaccine." In the Time's profile, Fauci wrote that Corbett has "been central to the development of the Moderna mRNA vaccine and the Eli Lilly therapeutic monoclonal antibody that were first to enter clinical trials in the U.S." and that "her work will have a substantial impact on ending the worst respiratory-disease pandemic in more than 100 years." Corbett's work afforded her the opportunity to be a part of the National Institutes of Health team that had Donald Trump at the Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center in March 2020. When asked about her involvement with the development of the COVID-19 vaccine, Corbett said, "To be living in this moment where I have the opportunity to work on something that has imminent global importance…it's just a surreal moment for me". Corbett stated she cried when the efficacy results showed the mRNA-1273 Moderna vaccine worked.

### Public statements related to COVID-19

Corbett has called for the public to be cautious and respectful of one another during the COVID-19 pandemic, explaining that regular hand washing and sneezing into one's elbow can help to minimize the spread of the virus. She has also emphasized that we should not stigmatize people who may be from areas where the virus started.
Corbett has worked to rebuild trust with vaccine-hesitant populations such as the Black community. For example, she presented education about the COVID-19 vaccine development to Black Health Matters in October 2020. Her race has been a focus of government outreach; after a study released by the NAACP and others revealed that only 14% of black Americans believe a COVID-19 vaccine will be safe, NIAID Director Fauci was explicit: "the first thing you might want to say to my African American brothers and sisters is that the vaccine that you're going to be taking was developed by an African American woman."

### Controversial tweets

In May 2020, The Washington Post reported that Corbett had been scrutinized for tweets lamenting the lack of diversity on the White House Coronavirus Task Force, as well as for her responses to other tweets about data that African Americans were disproportionately dying from the virus. Responding to a tweet in which someone else claimed that the virus "is a way to get rid of us," Corbett responded: "Some have gone as far to call it genocide. I plead the fifth.". Fox News news host Tucker Carlson read several of Corbett's tweets on his show, accusing her of "spouting lunatic conspiracy theories." Another Fox News article said she "adopts a strikingly casual and conspiratorial tone." After the controversy, Corbett scaled back her use of social media and stopped appearing on television. Texas Southern University professor Robert Bullard and president of the National Medical Association (an organization of Black physicians) Oliver Brooks defended Corbett overall, although Brooks expressed concern about her tweet on genocide, saying "It's subjective. I wouldn't want to go there. I really don't believe that. We're dying at a higher rate but … that one just doesn't fit.".

## Academic service

Corbett regularly shares information on Twitter and takes part in programs to inspire youth in underserved communities.

## Honors

* UNC Frank Porter Graham Honor Society
* 2002–2004: American Chemical Society, Project SEED at UNC‐Chapel Hill
* 2006: National Institute of Health, NIH Undergraduate Scholarship
* University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Meyerhoff Scholar
* 2013: Third Pan American Dengue Research Network Meeting Travel Award
* 2020: Co-recipient of the Golden Goose Award with Barney Graham, Emmie de Wit and Vincent Munster for excellence in federally funded research
* 2021: Highlighted by Time magazine in the 2021 "Time100 Next" list, under the category of Innovators
* In recognition of her work on the vaccine, Orange County, North Carolina named January 12, 2021 "Dr. Kizzy Corbett Day".
* 2022: National Honoree, USA TODAY's Women of the Year

## Selected works and publications

* Corbett, Kizzmekia Shanta (August 2014). Characterization of Human Antibody Responses to Dengue Virus Infections in a Sri Lankan Pediatric Cohort (Thesis). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School. doi:10.17615/ajjc-6r57. Wikidata
* Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Katzelnick, Leah; Tissera, Hasitha; Amerasinghe, Ananda; de Silva, Aruna Dharshan; de Silva, Aravinda M. (February 15, 2015). "Pre-existing Neutralizing Antibody Responses Distinguish Clinically Inapparent and Apparent Dengue Virus Infections in a Sri Lankan Pediatric Cohort". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 211 (4): 590–599. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu481. PMC 4375390. PMID 25336728. Wikidata
* Kirchdoerfer, Robert N.; Cottrell, Christopher A.; Wang, Nianshuang; Pallesen, Jesper; Yassine, Hadi M.; Turner, Hannah L.; Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Graham, Barney S.; McLellan, Jason S.; Ward, Andrew B. (March 2, 2016). "Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein". Nature. 531 (7592): 118–121. Bibcode:2016Natur.531..118K. doi:10.1038/nature17200. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 4860016. PMID 26935699. Wikidata
* Raut, Rajendra; Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Tennekoon, Rashika N.; Premawansa, Sunil; Wijewickrama, Ananda; Premawansa, Gayani; Mieczkowski, Piotr; Rückert, Claudia; Ebel, Gregory D.; De Silva, Aruna D.; de Silva, Aravinda M. (January 2, 2019). "Dengue type 1 viruses circulating in humans are highly infectious and poorly neutralized by human antibodies" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (1): 227–232. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116..227R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1812055115. PMC 6320508. PMID 30518559. Wikidata
* Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Moin, Syed M.; Yassine, Hadi M.; Cagigi, Alberto; Kanekiyo, Masaru; Boyoglu-Barnum, Seyhan; Myers, Sky I.; Tsybovsky, Yaroslav; Wheatley, Adam K.; Schramm, Chaim A.; Gillespie, Rebecca A.; Shi, Wei; Wang, Lingshu; Zhang, Yi; Andrews, Sarah F.; Joyce, M. Gordon; Crank, Michelle C.; Douek, Daniel C.; McDermott, Adrian B.; Mascola, John R.; Graham, Barney S.; Boyington, Jeffrey C.; Subbarao, Kanta (February 26, 2019). "Design of Nanoparticulate Group 2 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stem Antigens That Activate Unmutated Ancestor B Cell Receptors of Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Lineages". mBio. 10 (1). doi:10.1128/mBio.02810-18. PMC 6391921. PMID 30808695. Wikidata
* Rosen, Osnat; Chan, Leo Li-Ying; Abiona, Olubukola M.; Gough, Portia; Wang, Lingshu; Shi, Wei; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Nianshuang; Kong, Wing-Pui; McLellan, Jason S.; Graham, Barney S.; Corbett, Kizzmekia S. (March 2019). "A high-throughput inhibition assay to study MERS-CoV antibody interactions using image cytometry". Journal of Virological Methods. 265: 77–83. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.11.009. PMC 6357230. PMID 30468747.
* Wang, Nianshuang; Rosen, Osnat; Wang, Lingshu; Turner, Hannah L.; Stevens, Laura J.; Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Bowman, Charles A.; Pallesen, Jesper; Shi, Wei; Zhang, Yi; Leung, Kwanyee; Kirchdoerfer, Robert N.; Becker, Michelle M.; Denison, Mark R.; Chappell, James D.; Ward, Andrew B.; Graham, Barney S.; McLellan, Jason S. (September 24, 2019). "Structural Definition of a Neutralization-Sensitive Epitope on the MERS-CoV S1-NTD". Cell Reports. 28 (13): 3395–3405.e6. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.052. PMC 6935267. PMID 31553909. Wikidata
* Boyoglu-Barnum, Seyhan; Hutchinson, Geoffrey B.; Boyington, Jeffrey C.; Moin, Syed M.; Gillespie, Rebecca A.; Tsybovsky, Yaroslav; Stephens, Tyler; Vaile, John R.; Lederhofer, Julia; Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Fisher, Brian E.; Yassine, Hadi M.; Andrews, Sarah F.; Crank, Michelle C.; McDermott, Adrian B.; Mascola, John R.; Graham, Barney S.; Kanekiyo, Masaru (February 7, 2020). "Glycan repositioning of influenza hemagglutinin stem facilitates the elicitation of protective cross-group antibody responses". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 791. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11..791B. doi:10.1038/S41467-020-14579-4. PMC 7005838. PMID 32034141. Wikidata
* Wrapp, Daniel; Wang, Nianshuang; Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Goldsmith, Jory A.; Hsieh, Ching-Lin; Abiona, Olubukola; Graham, Barney S.; McLellan, Jason S. (March 13, 2020). "Cryo-EM Structure of the 2019-nCoV Spike in the Prefusion Conformation". Science. 367 (6483): 1260–1263. Bibcode:2020Sci...367.1260W. doi:10.1126/science.abb2507. PMC 7164637. PMID 32075877. Wikidata