# Franz-Josef Beerenbrock

Franz-Josef Beerenbrock (9 April 1920 – 13 December 2004) was a German fighter pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Beerenbrock was credited with 117 aerial victories in approximately 400 combat missions, all on the Eastern Front. In November 1942 he became a prisoner of war for the rest of the war.

## Early life and career

Beerenbrock, the son of a Russian mother, joined a flak artillery unit on 1 October 1938 and in 1939 was trained as a pilot. In March 1941, Beerenbrock was transferred to 12. Staffel (12th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing), a squadron of IV. Gruppe (4th group). At the time, IV. Gruppe of JG 51 was based in Le Touquet, France on the English Channel fighting the Royal Air Force. During this period, the Gruppe was being reequipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F series. Beerenbock's commanding officers were, Major Friedrich Beckh as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) and the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 12. Staffel was Oberleutnant Karl-Gottfried Nordmann. On 16 April, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Marquise.

## World War II

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. IV. Gruppe of JG 51 was withdrawn from the Channel Front in early June 1941 and ordered to Mönchengladbach where the unit was equipped with a full complement of Bf 109 F-1 and F-2 aircraft. On 15 June, IV. Gruppe began transferring east and was located at the airfield Krzewicze, approximately 70 km (43 mi) west Brest-Litovsk on the western bank of the Bug River. On 22 June, German forces launched Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. JG 51, under the command of Oberstleutnant Werner Mölders, was subordinated to II. Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps), which as part of Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2). JG 51 area of operation during Operation Barbarossa was over the right flank of Army Group Center in the combat area of the 2nd Panzer Group as well as the 4th Army.
Beerenbrock claimed his first aerial victory on 24 June 1941 over a Tupolev SB-2 bomber. He frequently flew as wingman of Nordmann and Heinrich Bär. On 6 October 1941, Beerenbrock, together with Leutnant Georg Seelmann, were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) after 42 and 37 aerial victories respectively.

### Eastern Front

On 30 July 1942, during the Battle of Rzhev, the Soviet Kalinin Front launched an attack against the 9th Army on the northern flank of the Rzhev salient. The Soviet 29th and 30th Army breached the German front between the German 87th and 256th Division. The next day, III. and IV. Gruppe of JG 51 were sent to intercept strong forces of Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft attacking German ground forces. That day, Beerenbrock claimed his 93rd aerial victory over an Il-2 shot down 16 kilometres (9.9 miles) northwest of Rzhev. On 1 August 1942, he became an "ace-in-a-day" claiming nine aerial victories on three combat missions, including his 100th overall. He was the 15th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. At that point, he was the most successful fighter pilot of JG 51 and the first pilot of JG 51 to surpass Werner Mölders. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 3 August 1942. Beerenbrock and together with Hauptmann Anton Hackl were presented the Oak Leaves by Adolf Hitler at the Führerhauptquartier at Rastenburg.
In October 1942, Beerenbrock was appointed Staffelkapitän of 10. Staffel (3rd squadron) of JG 51. On 9 November, his Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 6779—factory number) suffered engine failure after being hit in the radiator approximately 20 km (12 mi) north of Velizh resulting in a forced landing behind enemy lines. In consequence, he was taken prisoner of war. While imprisoned, he became a founding member of the Bund Deutscher Offiziere (League of German Officers) which later merged with the National Committee for a Free Germany.

## Later life

Following World War II, Beerenbrock joined the German Air Force in 1955, at the time referred to as the Bundesluftwaffe of the Bundeswehr. Beerenbrock died on 13 December 2004 at the age of 84 in Olfen, Germany.

## Summary of career
### Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Beerenbrock was credited with 117 aerial victories. Spick also lists Beerenbrock with 117 aerial victories claimed in over 500 combat missions, all but one on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 111 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 56432". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km$^2$). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.
Chronicle of aerial victories :
| This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Beerenbrock an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 12. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 – Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 9 August 1941 ||||||||||
| 1 | 24 June 1941 | 09:35 | SB-2 | | 12 | 16 July 1941 | 09:20 | DB-3 | |
| 2 | 24 June 1941 | 09:38 | SB-2 | | 13 | 16 July 1941 | 09:25 | DB-3 | |
| 3 | 30 June 1941 | 13:15 | R-10 (Seversky) | | 14 | 23 July 1941 | 13:05 | Pe-2 | |
| 4 | 4 July 1941 | 18:45 | SB-2 | 30 km (19 mi) east of Syrtow | 15 | 23 July 1941 | 18:20 | Pe-2 | |
| 5 | 5 July 1941 | 06:35 | DB-3 | 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Borisov | 16 | 24 July 1941 | 06:20 | I-18 (MiG-1) | |
| 6 | 6 July 1941 | 17:45 | DB-3 | | 17 | 24 July 1941 | 12:10 | Pe-2 | |
| 7 | 6 July 1941 | 17:50 | DB-3 | | 18 | 26 July 1941 | 04:28 | R-3? | |
| 8 | 9 July 1941 | 04:45 | DB-3 | | 19 | 29 July 1941 | 04:25 | I-16 | |
| 9 | 9 July 1941 | 11:25 | DB-3 | | 20 | 31 July 1941 | 19:20 | R-10 (Seversky) | |
| 10 | 10 July 1941 | 10:42 | Pe-2 | | 21 | 8 August 1941 | 12:15 | R-3 | |
| 11 | 11 July 1941 | 05:45 | Pe-2 | | 22 | 9 August 1941 | 12:16 | Pe-2 | |
| – Stab IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 – Operation Barbarossa — 9 August – 5 December 1941 ||||||||||
| 23 | 9 August 1941 | 14:15 | I-16 | | 37 | 27 August 1941 | 09:09 | I-18 (MiG-1) | southeast of Novgorod |
| 24 | 9 August 1941 | 14:42 | Pe-2 | | 38 | 30 August 1941 | 15:03 | I-18 (MiG-1) | 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Sechtschinsk |
| 25 | 12 August 1941 | 12:05 | I-61 (MiG-1) | | 39 | 30 August 1941 | 15:05 | I-18 (MiG-1) | 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Sechtschinsk |
| 26 | 12 August 1941 | 12:15 | I-16 | | 40 | 30 August 1941 | 15:09 | I-18 (MiG-1) | 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Sechtschinsk |
| 27 | 14 August 1941 | 19:00 | I-18 (MiG-1) | | 41 | 23 September 1941 | 16:02 | SB-3 | |
| 28 | 15 August 1941 | 15:20 | I-18 (MiG-1) | | 42 | 23 September 1941 | 16:05 | SB-3 | |
| 29 | 16 August 1941 | 19:09 | I-18 (MiG-1) | | 43 | 7 October 1941 | 12:45 | Pe-2 | |
| 30 | 19 August 1941 | 17:10 | I-16 | | 44 | 7 October 1941 | 13:30 | Pe-2 | northeast of Yukhnov |
| 31 | 21 August 1941 | 16:55 | Pe-2 | | 45 | 7 October 1941 | 16:35 | I-18 (MiG-1) | |
| 32 | 25 August 1941 | 17:58 | DB-3 | | 46 | 12 October 1941 | 14:25 | Pe-2 | |
| 33 | 25 August 1941 | 18:02 | DB-3 | | 47 | 2 December 1941 | 09:15 | I-61? | |
| 34 | 26 August 1941 | 14:15 | R-3 | | 48 | 2 December 1941 | 11:20 | Pe-2 | |
| 35 | 26 August 1941 | 14:20 | R-3 | | 49 | 2 December 1941 | 11:23 | Pe-2 | |
| 36 | 27 August 1941 | 09:06 | I-18 (MiG-1) | southeast of Novgorod | | | | | |
| – Stab IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 – Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 30 April 1942 ||||||||||
| 50 | 6 December 1941 | 13:55 | I-16 | | 57 | 31 March 1942 | 07:55 | MiG-1 | |
| 51 | 14 December 1941 | 14:45 | I-18 (MiG-1)? | | 58 | 31 March 1942 | 07:59 | MiG-1 | |
| 52 | 23 February 1942 | 11:45 | I-18 (MiG-1) | 30 km (19 mi) east of Gzhatsk | 59 | 31 March 1942 | 16:30 | MiG-1 | |
| 53 | 23 February 1942 | 11:48 | I-18 (MiG-1) | 40 km (25 mi) east of Gzhatsk | 60 | 1 April 1942 | 10:55 | MiG-3 | |
| 54 | 24 February 1942 | 09:20 | I-18 (MiG-1) | 30 km (19 mi) east of Gzhatsk | 61 | 7 April 1942 | 09:15 | R-5 | |
| 55 | 26 February 1942 | 12:15 | MiG-3 | | 62 | 22 April 1942 | 06:40 | MiG-3 | |
| 56 | 26 March 1942 | 11:58 | MiG-3 | southeast of Gzhatsk southeast of Dugino | | | | | |
| – IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 – Eastern Front — 1 May – October 1942 ||||||||||
| 63 | 27 May 1942 | 16:35 | MiG-1 | | 86 | 10 July 1942 | 19:40 | MiG-3 | |
| 64 | 28 May 1942 | 04:35 | MiG-1 | | 87 | 11 July 1942 | 05:50 | LaGG-3 | |
| 65 | 28 May 1942 | 04:45 | U-2 | | 88 | 11 July 1942 | 12:55 | LaGG-3 | |
| 66 | 28 May 1942 | 18:35 | MiG-1 | | 89 | 11 July 1942 | 19:30 | Il-2 | |
| 67 | 1 June 1942 | 07:50 | LaGG-3 | | 90 | 11 July 1942 | 19:33 | Il-2 | |
| 68 | 5 June 1942 | 18:20 | Il-2 | | 91 | 13 July 1942 | 16:00 | MiG-3 | |
| 69 | 11 June 1942 | 17:50 | MiG-3? | | 92 | 22 July 1942 | 13:15 | Pe-2 | |
| 70 | 16 June 1942 | 17:30 | MiG-3? | | 93 | 31 July 1942 | 17:15 | Il-2 | 16 km (9.9 mi) northwest of Rzhev |
| 71 | 25 June 1942 | 04:28 | Yak-1? | PQ 56432 | 94♠ | 1 August 1942 | 10:15 | MiG-3 | PQ 47534 20 km (12 mi) north of Rzhev |
| 72 | 26 June 1942 | 18:00 | MiG-3 | | 95♠ | 1 August 1942 | 10:18 | MiG-3 | PQ 47536 20 km (12 mi) north of Rzhev |
| 73 | 28 June 1942 | 15:10 | MiG-3 | | 96♠ | 1 August 1942 | 10:25 | Il-2 | PQ 47562 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Rzhev |
| 74 | 28 June 1942 | 19:50 | Pe-2 | | 97♠ | 1 August 1942 | 10:28 | Il-2 | PQ 47563 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Rzhev |
| 75 | 5 July 1942 | 04:05 | Pe-2 | | 98♠ | 1 August 1942 | 12:37 | Il-2 | PQ 47572 20 km (12 mi) west of Rzhev |
| 76 | 6 July 1942 | 05:55 | Il-2 | | 99♠ | 1 August 1942 | 16:25 | Il-2 | PQ 4754 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northwest of Rzhev |
| 77 | 6 July 1942 | 06:00 | Il-2 | | 100♠ | 1 August 1942 | 16:27 | Il-2 | PQ 47523 20 km (12 mi) north-northwest of Rzhev |
| 78 | 6 July 1942 | 19:39 | I-16 | | 101♠ | 1 August 1942 | 16:30 | Il-2 | PQ 47643 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Rzhev |
| 79 | 6 July 1942 | 19:45 | I-16 | | 102♠ | 1 August 1942 | 16:35 | Pe-2 | PQ 47811 vicinity of Zubtsov |
| 80 | 7 July 1942 | 17:40 | LaGG-3 | | 103 | 30 September 1942 | 14:20? | Il-2 | PQ 38242 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Valday |
| 81 | 8 July 1942 | 05:40 | LaGG-3 | | 104 | 30 September 1942 | 14:45 | MiG-3 | PQ 29594 |
| 82 | 9 July 1942 | 11:20 | LaGG-3 | | 105 | 2 October 1942 | 14:28 | LaGG-3 | 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Kresttsy |
| 83 | 9 July 1942 | 16:55 | LaGG-3 | 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Zhizdra | 106 | 4 October 1942 | 08:55 | LaGG-3 | 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Kresttsy |
| 84 | 10 July 1942 | 05:50 | LaGG-3 | | 107 | 4 October 1942 | 09:00 | LaGG-3 | 2 km (1.2 mi) north of Kresttsy |
| 85 | 10 July 1942 | 05:55 | LaGG-3 | | 108 | 4 October 1942 | 14:12 | DB-3 | 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Bologoye |
| – 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 – Eastern Front — November 1942 ||||||||||
| 109 | 8 November 1942 | 14:45 | MiG-3 | PQ 17743 | 111? | 8 November 1942 | 14:50 | MiG-3 | 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Staraya Toropa |
| 110 | 8 November 1942 | 14:50 | MiG-3 | 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Staraya Toropa | 112 | 9 November 1942 | 07:42 | MiG-3 | 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Staraya Toropa |

### Awards

* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (3 July 1941)
** 1st Class (18 July 1941)
* Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 15 September 1941 as Unteroffizier in a Jagdgeschwader
* German Cross in Gold on 17 June 1942 as Feldwebel in the IV./Jagdgeschwader 51
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 6 October 1941 as Unteroffizier and pilot in the 10./Jagdgeschwader 51
** 108th Oak Leaves on 3 August 1942 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 10./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"