# M. H. Khan

Mosharraf Hossain Khan (known as M H Khan; 1 February 1932 – 12 October 2018) was a Bangladesh Navy admiral who served as the chief of the Bangladesh Navy from 7 November 1973 to 3 November 1979. During his tenure, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman the first president of Bangladesh commissioned Bangladesh Navy's then largest naval base BNS Issa Khan on 10 December 1974.
M. H. Khan joined the Pakistan Navy in 1950. Upon selection as a cadet into the Pakistan Navy, he was sent to the Royal Navy for training. In 1951 he entered Royal Naval College Dartmouth and after a few years of sea time on RN ships he subsequently, as a sub lieutenant was selected to attend the Royal Naval College, Greenwich in 1954. He served on several Royal Naval ships including the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle. He continued his career in the Pakistan Navy and was on a fast track where he achieved the rank of Captain and commanded several of the primary naval ships of the Pakistan Navy, including the cruiser PNS Babur and the flag ship destroyer PNS Khaibar. Admiral Khan created the Bangladesh Navy from scratch in very difficult circumstances but was able to create and implement the framework upon which the Bangladesh Navy has been built, following the scope and plan that he laid out in his six plus years as naval chief.

## Family background

Khan was the second of four sons of his father Moajjam H. Khan, who was director general (analysis wing) of Inter-Services Intelligence during the 1950's, and his mother was Shafia Khan. The M. H. Khans are of Turkic and Persian ancestry having coming to India under the realm of Emperor Akbar. The family who are descendants of Shaista Khan, moved east from Lahore and Delhi and were awarded a pargana by Emperor Jahangir in what came to be called Noorpur in eastern Bengal, about 60 miles SW of Dhaka. His great grandfather, Yasin Khan (died 1907) was the last occupant of this substantial estate, which was ravaged and destroyed by 19th century battles, and the earthquakes of 1897.

## Early life and education

Mosharraf H. Khan was educated in several district schools of as his father Moajjam Khan, having joined the Imperial Police service was frequently moving between the several districts of Bengal. In 1947 Mosharraf Khan was eager to join the Navy and commenced his naval journey by joining as a cadet at the naval boarding ship school, Dufferin, located in Bombay (now Mumbai). He graduated in 1950 and then applied to join the Pakistan Navy.

## Personal life

Mosharraf Khan married Fahmida in January 1961. Fahmida's great grandfather was Sir Abdul Majed of Assam and one of the first Bengali to graduate from Cambridge University in 1891 in Law. Her grand uncle was Major General Mohammad Ishfaqul Mazid, one of the first Indians to be commissioned at Royal Military College in Sandhurst in 1924. Admiral Khan and Fahmida have only one child (a son), who is Maruf H. Khan.

## Naval career

On completion of his sea time with the Royal Navy and his initial education and training at the Royal Naval Colleges Dartmouth and Greenwich he returned to the UK in 1957, where he received further training in the UK at HMS Dryad in advanced navigation and direction, which became his naval specialization. In 1964 he was further selected for training in the Atomic and Biological school located in Salisbury, England.
Mosharraf H. Khan had an active and substantive naval career with the Pakistan Navy. In addition to commanding several ships, he was also Controller of Pakistan Shipping in Karachi in 1967 on secondment from the Navy. On his return to the Pakistan Navy in 1969 he was given command of the PNS Babur, then the largest naval ship of the Pakistan Navy and subsequently command of the Flag ship destroyer Khaibar. Previously he saw active service in the 1965 Indo-Pak war when he was in command of the patrol craft squadron in the Arabian sea.

## War of Independence

Mosharraf H. Khan and his family were interned as prisoners of war in Karachi Naval base Karsaz, during and immediately after the war of independence.

## After the War of Independence

On his return to Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, appointed him immediately as the second naval chief of the country in November 1973. Mosharraf Khan created a master plan for the Navy and its growth for multiple decades. 50 years on, the Bangladesh Navy continues to follow that path. Under his stewardship, the Navy acquired its first frigates from the Royal Navy, BNS Umar Faruq (1976) and BNS Ali Haider (1979). Numerous foreign training opportunities were established for young Bangladesh naval cadets, primarily in the UK and other European NATO countries. He was able to develop and build the current NHQ establishment (1976) in Dhaka and several of the shore establishments in Bangladesh, located in Dhaka, Chittagong, Kaptai, Khulna and Mongla.

## Founder chairman of NOAMI

Rear Admiral Mosharraf Hossain Khan was the founder chairman (1978 to 1989) and chief advisor (1990 to 2018) of the National Oceanographic And Maritime Institute (NOAMI) and took a lot of pains to establish NOAMI. As a naval chief, he was very much interested in the exploration of the ocean for utilization of the ocean resources, which are very important for the sustainability of human beings and other living beings and the blue economy. He used to know that the ocean would be a great source of food and resources if explored properly and it would ensure food security. He himself was the ocean of knowledge in respect of the ocean, seasonal changes of weather related to ocean movement, and meteorology. He was the source of inspiration for NOAMI for his selfless and meritorious services and used to advise for the betterment of this institute.

## Autobiography

In his autobiography "Memoir of M.H. Khan: Turbulence in the Indian Subcontinent", he tells his story and reflects on issues vital to his country, from religion and education to shipping, fishing and international relations.

## Awards and decorations

| Tamgha-e-Diffa (General Service Medal) Kashmir 1964/65 Clasp | Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War (War Star 1965) | Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War (War Medal 1965) | Tamgha-e-Jamhuria (Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956 |

## Death

Admiral M. H. Khan died on 12 October 2018 at Combined Military Hospital Dhaka.