OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Madison County Sheriff's Office (Mississippi)

The Madison County Sheriff's Department provides the primary law enforcement service for approximately 800 square miles (2,100 km$^2$) of Madison County, Mississippi. The Sheriff's Department has jurisdiction county wide; however, the municipalities of Canton, Flora, Madison and Ridgeland have concurrent jurisdiction within their respective city limits. The patrol division provides 24-hour law enforcement services to the county.

## Authority

Mississippi state law, through the Law Enforcement Board of Minimum Standards, governs the minimum level of training for certified law enforcement officers. Before assuming a sworn position, each officer must be state-certified by a certified law enforcement academy.

## Controversy

The department was subject to a class-action lawsuit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union alleging practices of excessive force, racial profiling, and unconstitutional practices including forcing confessions. The ALCU alleged that blacks are 5 times more likely to be stopped and arrested than whites in the county, despite having a similar population. Sheriff Tucker reportedly denied these allegations, but as of May 2017, the lawsuit is ongoing in U.S. District Court in Jackson, Mississippi.
# Hugh Stewart (Canadian politician)

Hugh Stewart (May 15, 1861 – February 12, 1933) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1916 to 1920 from the electoral district of Comox, a member of the Liberal party.
# Pirtleville, Arizona

Pirtleville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,744 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,550 people, 454 households, and 361 families living in the CDP. The population density was 861.2 inhabitants per square mile (332.5/km$^2$). There were 531 housing units at an average density of 295.0 per square mile (113.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 53.2% White, 0.7% Black or African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 41.4% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 95.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 454 households, out of which 43.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.41 and the average family size was 3.91.
In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 36.0% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $19,355, and the median income for a family was $21,301. Males had a median income of $23,359 versus $20,852 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,244. About 30.1% of families and 38.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.8% of those under age 18 and 38.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

* Raul Castro, governor of Arizona and diplomat
# Three Yogas

The Three Yogas or Trimārga are three soteriological paths introduced in the Bhagavad Gita for the liberation of human spirit. They are:
* Karma Yoga or the Path of Action (Karma-mārga)
* Bhakti Yoga or the Path of Devotion (Bhakti-mārga) to Ishvar (God)
* Jnana Yoga or the Path of Knowledge (Jñāna-mārga)
A "fourth yoga" is sometimes added:

## Discussion

Hindu philosophers of the medieval period have tried to explain the nature of these three paths and the relation between them.
Shankara tended to focus on jñāna-yoga exclusively, which he interpreted as the acquisition of knowledge or vidya. He considered karma-yoga to be inferior. The fact that he wrote some of the most famous hymns for personal gods such as Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, Ganesha and Subrahmanya underlines his affinity to Bhakti-Yoga.
The 12th-century philosopher Ramanuja considered the three yogas by interpreting his predecessor Yamunacharya. In Ramanujam's interpretation, Bhakti yoga appears to be the direct path to moksha, which is however available only to those whose inner faculties have already been trained by both Karma yoga and Jnana yoga.
A "fourth yoga" is sometimes added, Raja Yoga or "the Path of Meditation". This is the classical Yoga presented in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Patanjali's system came to be known as Raja Yoga (Royal Yoga) retro-actively, in about the 15th century, as the term Yoga had become popular for the general concept of a "religious path".
The systematic presentation of Hindu monotheism as divided into these four paths or "Yogas" is modern, advocated by Swami Vivekananda from the 1890s in his book Raja Yoga. They are presented as four paths to God suitable for four human temperaments, viz. the active, the emotional, the philosophical and the mystic.
# Jalen Sundell

Jalen Sundell (born October 18, 1999) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at North Dakota State and was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2024.

## College career

Sundell played college football at North Dakota State.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | 301 lb (137 kg) | 33+1⁄8 in (0.84 m) | 9+1⁄2 in (0.24 m) | 5.19 s | 1.77 s | 2.90 s | 4.58 s | 7.63 s | 30.5 in (0.77 m) | 8 ft 9 in (2.67 m) | 26 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine/Pro Day ||||||||||||

### Seattle Seahawks

After going undrafted in the 2024 NFL draft, Sundell signed with the Seattle Seahawks on July 23, 2024. Sundell made the cut of the Seahawks initial 53 man roster out of training camp.
# Massachusetts Superior Court

The Massachusetts Superior Court (also known as the Superior Court Department of the Trial Court) is a trial court department in Massachusetts.
The Superior Court has original jurisdiction in civil actions over $50,000, and in matters where equitable relief is sought. It also has original jurisdiction in actions involving labor disputes where injunctive relief is sought, and has exclusive authority to convene medical malpractice tribunals.
The Business Litigation Sessions (BLS) of the Superior Court is a specialized business court docket located in Suffolk County (Boston). The BLS has jurisdiction over complex business and commercial disputes. The original Business Litigation Session solely heard cases arising in Suffolk County, beginning in 2000, but over time the BLS became a regional program and finally a statewide business court. The BLS was authorized and implemented by order of Superior Court Chief Justice Suzanne DelVecchio in 1999, beginning operations in 2000, with the Honorable Allan van Gestel as its first judge, who was integral to the BLS's establishment and viability. Justice DelVecchio appointed a Business Litigation Resource Committee to provide input and feedback on the new program in its early years. The late Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice Ralph Gants had been a BLS judge earlier in his career, as had retired Supreme Judicial Court Associate Justice Margot Botsford.
The Court has exclusive original jurisdiction in first degree murder cases and original jurisdiction for all other crimes. It has jurisdiction over all felony matters, although it shares jurisdiction over crimes where other Trial Court Departments have concurrent jurisdiction. Finally, the Superior Court has appellate jurisdiction over certain administrative proceedings.
# List of Austrian mountain climbers

This is a list of Austrian mountaineers. On 5 of the 14 Eight-thousanders Austrian have made the first ascent, more than any other nation can claim. Out of the total of 9 Austrian mountaineers who made first ascents of Eight-thousanders, 3 have been members of the Edelweiss Club Salzburg, an association of mountaineers founded in Salzburg in 1881
Eight-thousanders Austrian First Ascent
* Hermann Buhl (1924–1957), first ascent solo and without oxygen of Nanga Parbat (1953) on the 1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition, first ascent of Broad Peak (1957)
* Kurt Diemberger (born 1932), first ascents of Broad Peak (1957) and Dhaulagiri (1960)
* Fritz Moravec (1922–1997), first ascent of Gasherbrum II together with Josef Larch and Hans Willenpart
* Marcus Schmuck (1925–2005), first ascent of Broad Peak (1957), initiator and leader of the OEAV Karakoram Expedition
* Herbert Tichy (1912–1987), geologist, writer and mountaineer (first ascent of Cho Oyu, together with Sepp Jöchler)
* Fritz Wintersteller (1927–2018), first ascent of Broad Peak (1957)
Other Austrian mountaineers
* Hansjörg Auer(1984–2019) Marmolada "Way of the Fish" free solo, Lupghar Sar West in the Karakoram-solo, Howse Peak with David Lama and Jess Roskelley
* Peter Aufschnaiter (1899–1973), mountaineer and co-traveller of Heinrich Harrer (Seven Years in Tibet)
* Karl Blodig (1859–1956), mountaineer (first to climb all alpine mountains above 4000m)
* Ulrike Gschwandtner (1965–2007), social scientist and climber, died at Gasherbrum II
* Paul Grohmann (1838–1908), first ascent of the four highest Dolomites
* Peter Habeler (born 1942), first ascent of Mount Everest without oxygen (together with Reinhold Messner)
* Heinrich Harrer (1912–2006), mountaineer (first ascent of the Carstensz Pyramid and the Eiger north face) and writer (Seven Years in Tibet)
* Conrad Kain (1883–1934), first ascent of Mount Robson
* Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner (born 1970), first woman to ascend all Eight-thousanders without supplementary oxygen (2011)
* Fritz Kasparek (1910–1954), many first ascents, including the Eiger north face
* Markus Kronthaler (1967–2006), Tyrolean mountaineer, ice climber
* Moriz von Kuffner(1854–1939) first descent of the Mittellegi Ridge on the Eiger & first ascent of the Arête Kuffner of Mont Maudit
* David Lama (1990–2019) Cerro Torre free climb of the compressor route, Lunag Ri solo climb, Howse Peak climbed but party lost in descent
* Paul Preuss (1886–1913), premier rock climber of his time
* Ludwig Purtscheller (1849–1900), first ascent of Kilimanjaro in 1889
* Christian Stangl (born 1966), speed climber
# Minnesota Judicial Center

The Minnesota Judicial Center, adjacent to the State Capitol, houses the state's Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, as well as the Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals and the state law library. Its address is 25 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.
The building was constructed on the former site of the Mechanic Arts High School, which was demolished in 1914 for further development of the state capitol. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Minnesota Historical Society Building, as it was built for that institution. In 1992, the society moved to a new building nearby, the Minnesota History Center.
The neoclassical front of the building has eight two-story Ionic columns of granite. Above them are Roman numerals representing the establishment of the Minnesota Historical Society in 1849 and the year the building was completed, 1917. It was dedicated on May 11, 1918, the sixtieth anniversary of statehood.
# Modoc County Superior Court

The Superior Court of California, County of Modoc, also known as the Modoc County Superior Court or Modoc Superior Court, is the California superior court with jurisdiction over Modoc County.

## History

Modoc County was partitioned from Siskiyou County in 1874. Alturas was named as the county seat and Julius Holliman was appointed as the first county judge.
The first court sessions in Alturas were held in the "community building" which also held the town's social gatherings such as public meetings, church services, and dances. That social hall was built in 1873 when the settlement was known as Dorris Bridge. The first purpose-built courthouse was completed in 1884 by T.B. Reese at Main and Water Streets. By 1911, the courthouse was characterized as "the oldest courthouse in the state, and it is probably the most dilapidated", warning that "many documents of untold value are in daily peril of destruction by fire". The second courthouse was torn down for scrap lumber after the third courthouse was completed.
Frederic DeLongchamps designed the 1914 courthouse, which was built by W.N. Concannon. A site was chosen in 1913 between the new grammar school and Main Street, on land that had been deeded to the county by James J. Dorris. The initial round of bids from prospective contractors were all rejected, as all the bids exceeded $90,000, while the architect's had estimated the cost at $84,000. The cornerstone for the new courthouse was scheduled to be laid on July 2, 1914, but this was delayed to September, and construction was completed on January 31, 1915. On May 6, 1915, the new courthouse was dedicated; the cost was estimated at US$125,000 (equivalent to $3,890,000 in 2024). The dome of the 1914 courthouse was traditionally painted copper, but was repainted in gold in 1974. A modern annex was added in 1993 and dedicated as the Robert A. Barclay Justice Center, honoring the former District Attorney and Modoc County Judge who had served there since 1961.
The 1914 courthouse underwent significant refurbishment in 2014–15 to prepare for its centennial.

## Venues

The courthouse has always been in Alturas, the county seat.
# New Hampshire Probate Court

New Hampshire Probate Court in the U.S. state of New Hampshire, is the court which has jurisdiction over trusts, wills, and estates, adoptions, termination of parental rights, name changes, guardianship of incapacitated persons, guardianship of minors, partition of property and involuntary admissions. Each of the ten counties has a probate court. Full-time judges assigned to Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham and Strafford counties, with the remaining counties having part-time judges.

## Jurisdiction
### Exclusive jurisdiction

The Probate Court has exclusive jurisdiction over:
* The probate of wills.
* The granting of administration regarding the composition, administration, sale, settlement, and final distribution of estates of deceased persons and those presumed dead.
* The assignment of homestead and claims against the executor or administrator for those services related to the prior care and maintenance of the decedent and the administration of insolvent estates and appeals from said estates.
* The interpretation and construction of wills and the interpretation, construction, modification, and termination of trusts as that term is defined in [RSA 564-A:1, I].
* The appointment, removal, surcharge and administration of trustees of trusts.
* The appointment and removal of conservators, and of the guardians of minors, mentally incompetent persons and spendthrifts, and in relation to the duties imposed by law on such conservators and guardians, and the management and disposition of the estates of their wards.
* The adoption of children.
* The change of names of persons who reside in the county and who apply therefor.
* The termination of parental rights.
* Durable powers of attorney for health care under RSA 137-J.
* The interpretation and effect of living wills under RSA 137-H.
* Petitions for partition pursuant to RSA 547-C.
* Petitions to quiet title of real estate pursuant to RSA 547:11-c.
* Declaratory judgment actions pursuant to RSA 547:11-b.

### Concurrent jurisdiction

The probate court has concurrent jurisdiction with the Superior Court over the following:
* Cases involving charitable uses and trusts, other than express trusts, as that term is defined in RSA 564-A:1, I.
* Durable powers of attorney under RSA 506:6 and 506:7.
* Waivers for marriage of minors pursuant to RSA 457:6–457:7.

## Organization

New Hampshire has eleven Probate Courts, with one in each county. Full-time judges assigned to Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham and Strafford County. Part-time judges are assigned to Carroll, Cheshire, Coos, Grafton and Sullivan County.
# Nikolay Dyulgerov

Nikolay Velkov Dyulgerov (Bulgarian: Николай Велков Дюлгеров; born 10 March 1988) is a Bulgarian retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Kostenets.

## Career

In June 2018, Dyulgerov joined Second League club Tsarsko Selo.

## Career statistics

    As of 20 December 2019
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Slavia Sofia | 2007–08 | A Group | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Minyor Pernik (loan) | 2007–08 | B Group | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 4 |
| Minyor Pernik (loan) | 2008–09 | A Group | 27 | 1 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 30 | 1 |
| Minyor Pernik (loan) | Total | Total | 39 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 5 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2009–10 | A Group | 22 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 23 | 1 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2010–11 | A Group | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Slavia Sofia | Total | Total | 33 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 1 |
| Ludogorets Razgrad | 2010–11 | B Group | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 7 | 0 |
| Ludogorets Razgrad | 2011–12 | A Group | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Ludogorets Razgrad | Total | Total | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| CSKA Sofia | 2011–12 | A Group | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 13 | 0 |
| Lokomotiv Plovdiv | 2012–13 | A Group | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 9 | 0 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2012–13 | A Group | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| CSKA Sofia | 2013–14 | A Group | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 0 |
| Spartak Semey | 2014 | Premier League | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 22 | 1 |
| Spartak Semey | 2015 | First Division | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Spartak Semey | Total | Total | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 1 |
| Septemvri Sofia | 2015–16 | V Group | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 2 |
| Akragas | 2015–16 | Lega Pro | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Neftochimic Burgas | 2016–17 | First League | 32 | 3 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 34 | 3 |
| Hapoel Marmorek | 2017–18 | Liga Leumit | 31 | 4 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 33 | 5 |
| Tsarsko Selo | 2018–19 | Second League | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 13 | 1 |
| Rabotnički | 2018–19 | 1. MFL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2019–20 | First League | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 248 | 17 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 260 | 18 |
# Northern Mariana Islands Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 1 CMC § 3101, is the highest court of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), exercising civil and criminal appellate jurisdiction over commonwealth law matters. It should not be confused with the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, which exercises jurisdiction over federal law. The Supreme Court sits in the capital, Saipan, and consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. The CNMI has no intermediate appellate commonwealth law court, which means that the CNMI Supreme Court hears appeals directly from the trial-level Superior Court.

## History

The Supreme Court was created by commonwealth law on May 1, 1989. This was allowed under the terms of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, § 402(c), Act of Mar. 24, 1976, Pub. L. 94-241, 90 Stat. 263, codified as amended at 48 U.S.C. § 1801 note. The Covenant granted self-government to the CNMI, with the U.S. administering the islands under the former United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands system.
Prior to the creation of the Supreme Court, the Covenant provided that the District Court for the NMI would exercise original jurisdiction over federal law matters and appellate jurisdiction over commonwealth law matters. Covenant § 402(a) & (c). With the creation of the Supreme Court, the District Court's appellate jurisdiction was effectively eliminated. However, the Covenant provided that for 15 years following the creation of a commonwealth appellate court, appeals of that court's decisions would go to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, just as if the decision was rendered by the District Court. Covenant § 403(a). As of May 1, 2004, CNMI Supreme Court appeals can be taken directly to the United States Supreme Court, thus giving the CNMI court relative parity with the highest courts of the 50 U.S. states.
The court typically hears cases at the House of Justice (Chamorro: Guma’ Hustisia; Carolinian: Iimwal Aweewe) in Susupe; however, some cases are also heard at the Kotten Tinian in San Jose and the Rota Centron Hustisia in Sinapalo.

## List of chief justices

* 1989–1995 Jose S. Dela Cruz – first Chief Justice and former trial judge
* 1995–1998 Marty Wayne Kendall Taylor – Canadian-born California deputy district attorney and CNMI trial judge
* 1999–2011 Miguel Sablan Demapan
* 2011–2012 Alexandro Cruz Castro (Acting)
* 2012–present Alexandro Cruz Castro

## List of associate justices

* 1989–1993 Jesus Camacho Borja
* 1989–1997 Ramon Garrido Villagomez
* 1993–1997 Pedro Mangloña Atalig
* 1998–2012 Alexandro Cruz Castro
* 1998–1999 Miguel Sablan Demapan
* 2000–present John Atalig Mangloña
* 2013–present Perry Borja Inos