OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Étienne-François Letourneur

Étienne-François-Louis-Honoré Letourneur, Le Tourneur, or Le Tourneur de la Manche (15 March 1751 – 4 October 1817) was a French lawyer, soldier, and politician of the French Revolution.

## Early career

Born in Granville, Manche, he studied at a military school, then served in the Nord, and in Cherbourg. In 1792, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for Manche, and voted in favor of King Louis XVI's execution, against a suspended sentence (but in favor of possibility of appeal to the people's mercy).

## Republic and Empire

Letourneur served the Republic's National Convention as an overseer of defense during the Siege of Toulon, and took the task of reorganizing the Mediterranean Fleet. He was elected to the French Directory's Council of Ancients, became one of the government leaders ("directors") on 2 November 1795. In April 1797 he left office, under the system whereby one director retired each year, chosen by lot (illustration). He then became a general of the French Revolutionary Army.
Under the Consulate, Letourneur was designated by Napoleon Bonaparte préfet of the Loire-Inférieure département, then counsel for the Cour des Comptes. Nevertheless, Letourneur was exiled after the end of the French Empire for being a regicide, living the rest of his life in Brussels.
# CLE Canister

The CLE Canister, or CLE Container was a standardized cylindrical container used by the British during World War II to airdrop supplies to troops on the ground. The name initially derived from the Central Landing Establishment that developed them, although this was later backronymed to Container Light Equipment.

## Design

Initially, the canisters were of wood and metal construction. The Mark I canister weighted around 46 kg (101 lb) empty and 159 kg (351 lb) when filled. It was cylindrical, 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) long and 40 cm (16 in) in diameter. The Mark 1T canister was similar except it was of metal construction and slightly heavier, weighing 61 kg (134 lb) empty and again 159 kg (351 lb) when filled. The Mark III canister was similar, but slightly longer 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in).
One end of the canister carried a parachute pack. The parachute was deployed by a static line, which opened a pilot parachute, which in turn opened the main canopy. The other end of the canister was fitted with a pan-like structure that cushioned the impact of landing. The canisters' shackle attachment system allowed them to be carried from the bomb-racks of bomber aircraft.
The canisters could be fitted with four battery-powered lights, to make them easier to find when dropped at night. There were also experiments with fitting them with smoke markers.

## Use and deployment

The canisters could contain food, ammunition, weapons or other equipment — the Mark 1 canister could carry 12 rifles and 1000 rounds of ammunition. A cylindrical fuel can was also developed to fit the CLE Canister, with a canister able to accommodate three of the cans. Some loads, such as radios, weren't dropped in CLE Canisters and required special containers to carry and protect them.
Prepacked canisters were allocated code numbers according to their load; a unit requiring resupply simply had to communicate the code and the number of canisters required. The type of load was indicated by the colour of the parachute, so the contents could be identified without opening the container. The colours used were periodically changed to confuse the enemy. During Operation Market Garden, for example, the colours used were red for ammunition, green for rations, white for medical supplies, blue for fuel and yellow for communication equipment. The CLE canister were also used to supply a wheelbarrow device, the Folding Trolley Airborne, known as a "Para Barra", and also Welbikes.
As well as World War II, the canisters saw use in Operation Musketeer - the 1956 Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone.
# 1958 C-130 shootdown incident

The 1958 C-130 shootdown incident was the shooting down of an American Lockheed C-130A-II-LM reconnaissance aircraft which entered Soviet airspace during a mission in the region of Armenian SSR.

## Incident

On September 2, 1958, a Lockheed C-130A-II-LM (s/n 56-0528), from the 7406th Support Squadron, departed Incirlik Airbase in Turkey on a reconnaissance mission along the Turkish-Soviet border. It was to fly a course parallel to the frontier, but not approach the border closer than 100 miles (160 km). The crew reported passing over Trabzon in Turkey at 25,500 feet (7,800 m) and then acknowledged a weather report from Trabzon, but that was the last communication received from the flight. It was later intercepted and shot down by four Soviet MiG-17s 34 mi (55 km; 30 nmi) north-west of Yerevan.

## Aftermath

The six flight crew were confirmed dead when their remains were repatriated to the United States, but the 11 intelligence-gathering personnel on board have never been acknowledged by Soviet / Russian authorities. In 1993, after the fall of the Soviet Union, a US excavation team working in newly-independent Armenia found hundreds of skeletal fragments; two remains were identified. A group burial of the 17 crew remains was held at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Reasons for entering Soviet airspace

The exact cause of why the aircraft strayed into Soviet airspace is unknown, but according to the Aviation Safety Network, the crew may have confused a radio beacon in the USSR with similar frequencies to the Turkish beacons they were briefed to use, or it may have been a deliberate maneuver to obtain better data.
When NSA cryptologists William Hamilton Martin and Bernon F. Mitchell defected to the Soviet Union in 1960, they listed the C-130 flight as one of their reasons. They contended that it was designed to gain an understanding of Soviet defenses, and that it therefore possibly represented an American interest in attacking the Soviets rather than defending against them. James Bamford, an investigative journalist and author, agreed that their assertions had merit.

## Memorial

In 1993, Armenian sculptor Martin Kakosian unveiled a khachkar, a traditional Armenian cross stone, at the site of the aircraft's crash in the village of Nerkin Sasnashen. Kakosian had witnessed the crash as a college student on a field trip in 1958. This khachkar later fell over and cracked, and a joint US-Armenian memorial was built to commemorate the site. In 2011, the US Army Office of Defense Cooperation renovated the village kindergarten in appreciation of the villagers' commemoration of the downed airmen.

## Media

The shootdown features in the British documentary "Spies in the Sky" (October 22, 1994), an edition in the BBC's Timewatch' series. It includes footage of the 1993 unveiling of the Nerkin Sasnashen memorial, attended by the sister of one of the USAF crewmen.
# Ponnethooval

Ponthooval is a 1983 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by J. Williams. The film's score was composed by Raghu Kumar.

## Cast

* Ratheesh
* Madhavi
* Captain Raju
* Bheeman Raghu
* Kunchan

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Raghu Kumar with lyrics by Poovachal Khader.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Abhilaasha Haaram" | K. J. Yesudas | Poovachal Khader |
| 2 | "Darling" | Anitha | Poovachal Khader |
| 3 | "Kanna Guruvayoorappa" | S. Janaki | Poovachal Khader |
| 4 | "Priyathe Mizhineerilen" | K. J. Yesudas | Poovachal Khader |
# Flag of Tuvalu

The national flag of Tuvalu was instated when the country became independent in 1978, after the separation from the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in 1976.

## Features

Like many former and current British dependencies, the Tuvaluan flag is a blue ensign based on the Union Flag, which is shown in the canton of the flag; but has a sky blue field rather than the conventional navy blue. The previous flag (with the Gilberts) was also based on the Union Flag but with the coat of arms created by Sir Arthur Grimble in 1932, the resident commissioner of the British colony.
The stars represent the nine islands which compose Tuvalu; the arrangement is geographically correct, with the east towards the top (i.e. north to the left).
The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesian people. The islands came within the British Empire's sphere of influence in the late 19th century. The Ellice Islands were administered by Britain as part of a protectorate from 1892 to 1916 and as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony from 1916 to 1974. In 1974 the Ellice Islanders voted for separate British dependency status as Tuvalu, separating from the Gilbert Islands which became Kiribati upon independence. Tuvalu became a fully independent Commonwealth realm in 1978.

## Changes and controversies

The name "Tuvalu" means "eight together", referring to the eight islands which were originally inhabited. In October 1995 one of the stars on the flag was removed to conform with the country's name. By January 1996 the flag was replaced with a new one which was not based on the British flag, but the eight stars were retained. This flag, however, was not liked by the inhabitants, who felt that it was a move towards replacing the popular Tuvaluan monarchy with a republic. In one incident, the people of Niutao, one of Tuvalu's nine atolls, chopped down the flagpole as soon as the new flag was raised. The old flag was reinstated in 1997, with all nine stars being restored. Population pressures have since resulted in the ninth island being settled.

## Historical flags

* Flag of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, of which Tuvalu was a part.
* Flag of the Colony of Tuvalu between 1 October 1976, and 1 October 1978.
* Flag of Tuvalu from 1 October 1978, to 1 October 1995.
* From October to December 1995, Tuvalu slightly changed the flag, reducing the number of stars by one.
* Flag of Tuvalu between January 1996 and 11 April 1997.
# Johnson & Wales station

Johnson & Wales is a streetcar station in Charlotte, North Carolina. The at-grade island platform on West Trade Street is a stop along the CityLynx Gold Line, serving Johnson & Wales University and Gateway Village.

## Location

Johnson & Wales station is located on West Trade Street, between Clarkson and Cedar Streets, in Uptown Charlotte. Flanking the station is the Johnson & Wales Charlotte campus and Gateway Village office park. Also nearby is Elmwood Cemetery.

## History

Johnson & Wales Avenue station was approved as a Gold Line Phase 2 stop in 2013, with construction beginning in Fall 2016. Though it was slated to open in early-2020, various delays pushed out the opening till mid-2021. The station opened to the public on August 30, 2021.

## Station layout

The station consists of an island platform with two passenger shelters; a crosswalk and ramp provide platform access from West Trade Street. The station's passenger shelters house two art installations by Jim Hirschfield and Sonya Ishii.
# Conus mpenjatiensis

Conus mpenjatiensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones.
These snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of stinging humans.

## Distribution

This marine species of cone snail is endemic to South Africa and occurs off the KwaZulu Natal.
# Methuen Police Department

The Methuen Police Department (MPD) has the primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the city of Methuen, Massachusetts.

## Rank structure

* Chief of Police
* Deputy Chief - The rank of Deputy Chief was eliminated on March 1, 2008, with the retirement of Deputy Police Chief Joseph Alaimo.
* Captains
* Lieutenants
* Sergeants
* Patrolmen

## Police Chiefs

* Cyril Feugill about 1958?
* Christopher H. Devine
* Francis J Morse 1972 to 1985 Retired June 1985 Died: February 7, 1986
* Donald DeSantis Appointed: July 1, 1985, retired: April 1, 1995 Died: June 5, 2007
* Bruce A. MacDougall (Methuen Police 1975 — 2002 (27 years)) Appointed Chief:1995 Retired:2002
* Joseph E. Solomon Appointed:2002 Removed: May 7, 2008 Reinstated: Oct 1, 2010

## Layoffs in 2019

On January 24, 2019, the department started laying off 50 officers (more than half, since there were 95 to begin with) because of a contract dispute. If the pay raises in question had gone into effect, Methuen would have overspent its budget, which is illegal in Massachusetts. This led to an investigation by the Inspector General of Massachusetts who concluded that approving the 2017 contract “likely violated state and municipal laws ... and failed to comply with their own municipal rules and breached their fiduciary duties to the residents of Methuen.”
# List of football clubs in South Korea

This is a list of South Korean association football clubs, as of 2025. The clubs are arranged alphabetically.

## K League 1

* FC Anyang
* Daegu FC
* Daejeon Hana Citizen
* Gangwon FC
* Gimcheon Sangmu
* Gwangju FC
* Jeju SK
* Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
* Pohang Steelers
* FC Seoul
* Suwon FC
* Ulsan HD

## K League 2

* Ansan Greeners
* Bucheon FC 1995
* Busan IPark
* Cheonan City
* Chungbuk Cheongju
* Chungnam Asan
* Gimpo FC
* Gyeongnam FC
* Hwaseong FC
* Incheon United
* Jeonnam Dragons
* Seongnam FC
* Seoul E-Land
* Suwon Samsung Bluewings

## K3 League

* Busan Transportation Corporation
* Changwon FC
* Chuncheon FC
* Daejeon Korail
* Gangneung City
* Gimhae FC
* Gyeongju KHNP
* Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors N
* FC Mokpo
* Paju Citizen
* Pocheon Citizen
* Siheung Citizen
* Ulsan Citizen
* Yangpyeong FC
* Yeoju FC

## K4 League

* Daegu FC B
* Dangjin Citizen
* Geoje Citizen
* Gijang Citizen
* Jinju Citizen
* Namyangju FC
* Pyeongchang United
* Pyeongtaek Citizen
* Sejong SA
* Seoul Jungnang
* Yeoncheon FC

### Inactive

* Yangju Citizen

## Former clubs

* Asan Mugunghwa
* Asan United
* Changwon United
* Cheil Industries
* Cheongju City
* Chohung Bank
* Chonbuk Buffalo
* Chungju Hummel
* Daegu KAPEC
* E-Land Puma
* FC Namdong
* Goyang Citizen
* Goyang Happiness
* Goyang KB Kookmin Bank
* Goyang Zaicro
* Gyeongju Citizen
* Hallelujah FC
* Hanil Bank
* Hanil Life Insurance
* Hongcheon Idu
* Hyundai Mipo Dockyard
* Icheon Citizen
* Icheon Sangmu
* Industrial Bank of Korea
* Jeonju Citizen
* Jeonju Ongoeul
* Korea Housing Bank
* Korea Tungsten
* Namyangju United
* Samcheok Shinwoo Electronics
* FC Sejong
* Seoul City
* Seoul FC Martyrs
* Seoul Nowon United
* Seoul Pabal
* Yangzee
* Yeonggwang FC
* Yesan FC
* Yongin Citizen
* Yongin City
# Vikas Kashalkar

Vikas Kashalkar (born 16 July 1950) is an Indian classical vocalist, with training in the Gwalior, Jaipur and Agra gharanas.
# Godbluff

Godbluff is the fifth album released by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was the first album after the band reformed in 1975 and was recorded after a European tour.
As the first self-produced album by the band, it featured a tighter, more pared-down sound than the band's earlier recordings with producer John Anthony. Hammill said "we did not want to make 'Son of Pawn Hearts' with a big long side two and lots of studio experiments". Van der Graaf Generator would never work with an outside producer from this point forward. Hammill made extensive use of the Hohner Clavinet D6 keyboard, which he had first started using on his previous solo album, Nadir's Big Chance (1975).
The first release of the record in the United States was on Mercury Records. The 2005 reissue added live performances by the band of two songs from Peter Hammill's album The Silent Corner and the Empty Stage (1974), recorded at a concert at L'Altro Mondo, Rimini, Italy.

## Artwork

Godbluff's album cover was minimal, consisting of a band logo and "stamped" red album title on an otherwise black sleeve. The band logo that first appeared here was designed by John Pasche; it would also be used on the next two albums, Still Life (April 1976) and World Record (October 1976). Godbluff's sleeve design was later parodied on the cover of Fall Heads Roll by The Fall.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | D+ |
In Melody Maker, the reviewer said that "in a very real sense, [Godbluff] is the sound of the mid-seventies: uncomfortable, coherent, unremitting, courageous". Geoff Barton of Sounds deemed Godbluff "simply, an essential buy". A negative review appeared in the Lancashire Evening Post in November 1975, in which Bob Papworth wrote that the album contained "the type of studiously avant-garde rock which so many other groups play infinitely better." Papworth added that "Guy Evans couldn't drum his way out of a paper bag and David Jackson's saxes and flutes are a little too simplistic to be credible."
In a May 2002 review in Mojo magazine, Julian Cope praised the album. A retrospective review in 2011 by AllMusic's Steve McDonald wrote: "Godbluff was a bravura comeback – only four cuts, but all were classics."

## Track listing

All tracks written by Peter Hammill, except where indicated.

## Personnel
### Van der Graaf Generator

* Peter Hammill – vocals, piano, clavinet, electric guitar
* David Jackson – saxophones and flute
* Hugh Banton – Hammond organ (including bass pedals), bass guitar
* Guy Evans – drums and percussion

### Technical

* Produced by Van der Graaf Generator
* Engineered by Pat Moran
* Cut by George Peckham at The Master Room

## Charts

| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 77 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 23 |
# Andrew Murray (Scottish politician)

Sir Andrew Hunter Arbuthnot Murray OBE JP KStJ (19 December 1903 – 21 March 1977) was Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Scotland between 1947 and 1951, Lord Lieutenant of the City of Edinburgh, and a Justice of the Peace.
The son of Alfred Alexander Arbuthnot Murray and Bethany (née Moir), Murray was educated Daniel Stewart's College and George Heriot's School. He was elected a City Councillor of Edinburgh in 1929, and served as Hon. City Treasurer 1943–46. He was President of the Scottish Liberal Party Organisation 1961–65.
He was also an Honorary Colonel of the 52nd (Queens Edinburgh Royal Scots) Searchlight, of the 130th Light Anti-Aircraft and of the 587th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery.
Murray was awarded the OBE in 1945, and knighted on 25 February 1949 to become Sir Andrew Murray. He was appointed Commander of the Venerable Order of Saint John, 24 June 1949, and a Knight of St John in 1954. He was Chancellor of the Priory of Scotland and Preceptor of Torphichen.
In 1950, he received an honorary doctorate of law from the University of Edinburgh. On 23 January 1953 he was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Edinburgh. He was chairman of the board of trustees of the Scottish National War Memorial at The Castle, Edinburgh, and author of The Scottish National War Memorial: The Castle Edinburgh.
# Ponnu

Ponnu is a 1987 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. G. Vishwambharan and produced by Royal Achankunju. The film stars Jagathy Sreekumar, Innocent, Thilakan and Ashokan. The film's score was composed by Ouseppachan.

## Cast

* Jagathy Sreekumar
* Innocent as Bhargavan,tailor
* Thilakan as Achuthan Thattan
* Ashokan as Unni,achuthan's son
* Bhagyalakshmi
* Vineeth
* Sithara as Ammu
* Kalaranjini
* Shari
* Thanuja
* Jayalalitha

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Ouseppachan with lyrics by P. Bhaskaran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Kaarmukilin" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran | |
| 2 | "Maanathe Thattaante" | K. S. Chithra | P. Bhaskaran | |
# Joel (prophet)

Joel (/ˈdʒoʊəl/; Hebrew: יוֹאֵל – Yōʾēl; Greek: Ἰωήλ – Iōḗl; Syriac: ܝܘܐܝܠ – Yu'il) is a Biblical prophet, the second of the Twelve Minor Prophets, and, according to itself, the author of the Book of Joel, which is set in the early Assyrian period. Scholars meanwhile view the Book of Joel as having been completed in the Ptolemaic period (c. 301-201 BC) due to its use of earlier texts and perspective on Yahweh and the nations.

## Name

Joel is mentioned by name only once in the Hebrew Bible, in the introduction to that book, as the son of Pethuel (Joel 1:1). The name combines the covenant name of God, YHWH (or Yahweh), and El (god), and has been translated as "YHWH is God" or "one to whom YHWH is God," that is, a worshiper of YHWH.

## Life

Some commentators suggest that Joel lived in the 9th century BC, whereas others assign him to the 5th or 4th century BC. The dating of his book is similarly debated; there are no mentions of kings that might help locate it in time. The book's mention of Greeks has not given scholars any help in dating the text since the Greeks were known to have had access to Judah from Mycenaean times (c. 1600–1100 BC). However, the book's mention of Judah's suffering and to the standing temple have led some scholars to place the date of the book in the post-exilic period, after the construction of the Second Temple. Joel was originally from Judah/Judea, and, judging from its prominence in his prophecy, was quite possibly a prophet associated with the ritual of either Solomon's or the Second temple, depending on the date when he lived.
According to a long-standing tradition, Joel was buried in Gush Halav. In the western outskirts of the modern village, there is a structure that has long been considered Joel's tomb, which contains several ancient rock-cut tombs.

## In Christianity

On the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar, his feast day is 19 October.
In the Roman Martyrology, the prophet is commemorated on 13 July.
He is commemorated with the other minor prophets in the Calendar of saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on 31 July.
Joel's statement that "I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions" was applied by St Peter in his sermon at Pentecost to the events of that day.
According to the Eastern Orthodox Christian hymns, the ancient hymnographer Anatolius links Joel's prophecy to the birth of Christ. In Joel 2:30, he says that the blood refers to the incarnation of Jesus Christ, the fire to the Divinity of Christ, and the pillars of smoke to the Holy Spirit.

## In the Baháʼí Faith

Joel is considered a minor prophet in the Baháʼí Faith. In the Kitab-i-Iqan, Baha'ullah states that previous prophecies by minor prophets such as Joel have symbolic meanings and significance and therefore should not be understood literally.
# Johnson station

The Johnson Railroad Depot was a historic former railroad station on Railroad Street in Johnson, Vermont. Built in 1887, it was an excellent example of Victorian railroad architecture, serving as a gateway for the town's industrial products to markets nationwide. Converted to commercial use after rail service was discontinued on the line, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It has since been demolished; a modern building stands where it used to.

## Description and history

The Johnson Railroad Depot stood on the south side of Railroad Street south of the village of Johnson, opposite its junction with Creamery Road. It was a long rectangular two-story structure, oriented parallel to the right of way of railroad tracks built by the Saint Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad, now occupied by the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. The depot had a long single-story gable-roofed section, and a shorter two-story section, which housed the stationmaster's quarters on the second floor. Common features of these sections include large Stick style brackets on extended eaves, and projecting cornices above the doors and windows. A square telegrapher's bay projected from the two-story section on the track side. At the time of its listing on the National Register in 1980, it was still in use as a freight depot, and retained most of its original interior fixtures.
The St. Johnsbury and Lamoille introduced service to Johnson in 1872, the year its first station was built. This depot was built in 1887 as a replacement for that one. The station was an important part of the local economy, because most of the area's industrial products and goods were shipped to market via the railroad. The depot has apparently been demolished; a modern single-story building now stands at its location.