# Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, also spelled Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve (French pronunciation:), is a 4.361 km (2.710 mi) motor racing circuit on Notre Dame Island in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the venue for the FIA Formula One Canadian Grand Prix. It has previously hosted the World Sportscar Championship, the Champ Car World Series (Grand Prix of Montreal), the NASCAR Pinty’s Series, the NASCAR Nationwide Series (NAPA Auto Parts 200), and the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series.

## Formula One at Montréal

The Canadian Grand Prix was first held at the circuit in 1978, where hometown hero Gilles Villeneuve (1950–1982) won for Scuderia Ferrari. The Grand Prix quickly became a mainstay of the Formula One calendar, with the race taking place in Montreal for the next thirty years. Once held in late September, the event was moved to its present location on the calendar of mid-June in 1982, to provide a warmer, more pleasant race weekend. Many great races have occurred at the track over the years, cementing its reputation as a truly unpredictable venue. However, the race was dropped from the 2009 Formula One calendar and replaced with the inaugural Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, after running over two decades uninterrupted. On November 27, 2009, Quebec's officials and Canadian Grand Prix organizers announced a settlement with Formula One Administration and signed a new five-year contract spanning the 2010–2014 seasons.
The 2011 edition of the race was the longest World Championship Grand Prix ever at over 4 hours in length, due to a lengthy rain delay.

## Circuit history

Originally named the Île Notre-Dame Circuit, the circuit was built and finished in 1978. In what has proven to be the venue's main event over the decades, the FIA Formula One Canadian Grand Prix had been part of the Formula One World Championship for 10 years. It was previously held at Mosport Park near Toronto on 8 occasions and in 1968 and 1970, the Mont-Tremblant circuit in Quebec. With safety concerns with Mosport blighting the 1977 event, it was decided to move the race to the new circuit in Montréal. In 1982, it was renamed in honour of Canadian Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, father of Jacques Villeneuve, following his death earlier in the year.$^{:362}$ The circuit is located in Parc Jean-Drapeau in the city of Montréal. The park is named after the mayor of Montréal who was responsible for the organization of Expo 67.
The race circuit is on Notre Dame Island, a man-made island in the St. Lawrence River most of which was originally built up for the Expo in 1967. Saint Helen's Island to the northwest was artificially enlarged for the Expo '67 fairgrounds and a prominent remnant of the fair, the Biosphere is located adjacent to the circuit. Almost half of the track—from the hairpin turn until after the pit area—runs alongside the Olympic Basin, a huge rectangular basin which was created for the rowing and canoeing events of Montréal's 1976 Summer Olympics.
Over the winter of 2018–19 the paddock—in use since 1988—was demolished and replaced with the current structure.

## Circuit layout

Barriers run close to the circuit and many experienced drivers have been caught out by them. A particularly famous part of the circuit is the wall on the outside of the exit of the final chicane before the start/finish straight. In 1999 the wall, which bears the name Bienvenue au Québec ("Welcome to Quebec") giving it the nickname "Mur du Québec" (Quebec Wall), ended the race of three Formula One World Champions, Damon Hill, Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve along with FIA GT champion Ricardo Zonta. Since then the wall has been nicknamed "The Wall of Champions". In subsequent years, 2009 world champion Jenson Button (2005) and four time World Champion Sebastian Vettel (2011, during free practice) also became victims of the wall.
For the first few years of its existence, the track consisted of technical, medium speed chicanes and a relatively low overall lap speed. However, over the years the circuit has transformed into a power track, with straight line speed being very much a priority. Between 1986 and 1988 (with a one-year hiatus occurring in 1987), the pitlane and start-finish straight were relocated from the hairpin to the exit of the fast right-left chicane, which became the final corner. After the fatal crashes of Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna at Imola earlier in the year, in 1994 a chicane was inserted between the Casino corner and the hairpin to decrease top speed. The 1996 race saw both the chicane and the Casino corner removed and the layout changed; the run from the hairpin at the bottom of the circuit was turned into a straight.
In 2002 the exit of the pitlane was changed to make exiting the pitlane safer for drivers. This also shortened the length of the circuit.
Changes made in 2005 to the curbs on the final chicane were controversial amongst drivers in the run-up to the Grand Prix. The curbs were made higher and more difficult for the drivers to see, making it even more challenging.
On June 23, 2006, the Canadian Press reported that the city of Montréal had awarded exclusive rights to stage the two allowed race weekends on the track to Normand Legault, promoter of the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix. The deal was for 2007 to 2011, with an option for 2012 to 2016. Legault decided to replace the Champ Car race with races from the Grand American Road Racing Association's Rolex Series and NASCAR Nationwide Series, respectively – the latter series' first race north of the Canada-United States border. On August 4, 2007, Kevin Harvick made history by winning the first NASCAR Busch Series (now Xfinity Series) race at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in what was one of the most controversial NASCAR races ever, as Robby Gordon claimed to have won the race. The NASCAR races have affected the circuit layout. An expansion of the pit lane took place, since a NASCAR pit lane must accommodate a minimum of 43 cars. The 2008 race made history as the first NASCAR race to run on rain tires.
In 2017, due to the higher cornering speeds of the new Formula One cars and the new safety requirements imposed by the FIA, the circuit had additional Tecpro barriers installed, following the removal of older tire barriers by May 2017. With the 2017 technical regulations, experts predicted the F1 cars to be quicker by three to five seconds a lap in June at Montréal. 2017's F1 event also saw a change to the exit of the last chicane (the Wall of Champions) with its angle modified, because the FIA found it was dangerous.

### Senna 'S' turns

The complex of turns one and two has become known as the Senna 'S'. From a bird's eye view turns one and two together can represent an 'S' shape.

### Pont de la Concorde corner

The very fast Pont de la Concorde corner (Turn 8) is after the bridge underpass and is known as a 'quick kink' before Turn 9 and the rush to a passing zone at the Hairpin curve.

### The Hairpin Curve

Turn 10 at Île Notre-Dame is probably the best example of a 180° hairpin turn design with full wheel lock during F1 competition. The various lines taken entering the hairpin curve can lead to overtaking on the apex, or exit during race competition. Braking too late can see cars offline into the runoff area, and some spinning in front of packed grandstands. Many overtakes can be seen at this location due to engine differences and drivers' skills.

### Wall of Champions

Entering turns 12 & 13 drivers encounter one of the best passing zones, completing the long straight after the hairpin. Many duels have been seen exiting turn 12 with some race cars deciding to cut corner 13 into the run-off, with many going a bit 'too hot' apexing Turn 13 and not exiting intact. Turn 14 is dubbed the "Wall of Champions" after three former Drivers' World Champions found the outside wall in the 1999 race. In Formula 1 races, a car damaged after gracing the Wall of Champions brings out a Safety Car or VSC. The exit barrier is poignantly marked with advertising by Tourisme Québec ("Bonjour Québec"; “Bienvenue au Québec” in previous years) during the F1 event.

## Other circuit activities

As part of Parc Jean-Drapeau, the Circuit is open to visitors, between races, for walking, running, biking, in-line skating, and driving. During the few days of the Grand Prix, Notre Dame Island is one of the noisiest places in Montréal. Other times of the year, it is one of the quietest, being located in the middle of a river, on an island filled with greenery and animals, joggers and cyclists. However, on June 4, 2009, administration of Notre Dame Island has forbidden the access of competitive cyclists to the circuit, justifying this as a security measure to avoid the increasing injuries that occurred between year 2008 and 2009. A total of 27 injuries have been reported. The ban on cyclists has since been lifted due to protests.

## Layout history

* Grand Prix Circuit (1978–1986)
* Grand Prix Circuit (1988–1993)
* Grand Prix Circuit (1994–1995)
* Grand Prix Circuit (1996–2001)
* Grand Prix Circuit (2002–present)

## Events

The events at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve are listed as:

### Current

* June: Formula One Canadian Grand Prix, Porsche Carrera Cup North America, F1 Academy

### Former

* Atlantic Championship (1978–1983, 1986, 1988–2006)
* Barber Pro Series (2002–2003)
* Canadian Superbike Championship (2004)
* Champ Car World Series
** Grand Prix of Montreal (2002–2006)
* Ferrari Challenge North America (1996–1998, 2000–2008, 2010–2019, 2022–2024)
* Formula BMW USA (2004–2008)
* Grand Am Rolex Sports Car Series
** Montreal 200 (2007–2012)
* IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge Canada (2012–2013, 2016–2019)
* NASCAR Canadian Tire Series
** NAPA Autopro 100 (2007–2012)
* NASCAR Nationwide Series
** NAPA Auto Parts 200 (2007–2012)
* Star Mazda Championship (2005–2006)
* Trans-Am Series (2005)
* SCCA Motorola Cup (1998)
* World Sportscar Championship
** 480 km of Montreal (1990)

## Lap records

As the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve serves as host to different racing series, it is possible to directly compare different race series' lap times.
In 2006, the last time Champ Car and F1 ran on the same track, Formula One was 5 to 7 seconds faster than Champ Car. The fastest lap in the Formula One race was 1:15.841 by Kimi Räikkönen, while Sébastien Bourdais's fastest lap was 1:22.325 in the Champ Car race.
2007 NASCAR Busch Series driver Patrick Carpentier racing in the NAPA Auto Parts 200, posted a pole time of 1:42.086. The pole time at the 2012 NAPA Auto Parts 200 was 1:40.865 by Alex Tagliani.
The track record for the Rolex Sports Car Series is 1:32.620. The time was set by Scott Pruett driving for Chip Ganassi Racing in the Daytona Prototype class in 2010.
The fastest ever lap around the circuit was set by Sebastian Vettel with a time of 1:10.240 set in qualifying (Q3) for the 2019 Canadian Grand Prix. As this time was set during qualifying, it is not recognized as an official lap record. Lewis Hamilton set the previous lap record with a time of 1:11.459 during qualifying for the 2017 Canadian Grand Prix, earning him pole position. This was Hamilton's 65th pole position which put him level with Ayrton Senna in the F1 history books. After qualifying, Hamilton was awarded a helmet that belonged to his hero as a celebration. This helmet was sent by Senna's family and was awarded to an emotional Hamilton in front of the crowd.
As of June 2024, the fastest official race lap records at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve are listed as:
| Category | Driver | Car | Lap Record | Event |
| Grand Prix Circuit: 4.361 km (2002–present) |||||
| Formula One | Valtteri Bottas | Mercedes AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+ | 1:13.078 | 2019 Canadian Grand Prix |
| CART | Dario Franchitti | Lola B02/00 | 1:20.238 | 2002 Molson Indy Montreal |
| Champ Car | Sébastien Bourdais | Lola B02/00 | 1:20.840 | 2004 Molson Indy Montreal |
| Formula Atlantic | A. J. Allmendinger | Swift 014.a | 1:31.974 | 2003 Montreal Formula Atlantic round |
| Daytona Prototype | Scott Pruett | Riley Mk XX | 1:32.620 | 2010 Montreal 200 |
| Ferrari Challenge | Dylan Medler | Ferrari 294 Challenge | 1:35.369 | 2024 Montreal Ferrari Challenge North America round |
| Trans-Am | Klaus Graf | Jaguar XKR | 1:37.340 | 2005 Montréal Trans-Am round |
| Star Mazda | Ryan Justice | Star Formula Mazda 'Pro' | 1:37.791 | 2006 Montreal Star Mazda Championship round |
| Porsche Carrera Cup | Zacharie Robichon | Porsche 911 (991 II) GT3 Cup | 1:37.828 | 2018 Montreal Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge Canada round |
| GT2 | Scott Russell | Chevrolet Corvette C6.R | 1:39.353 | 2010 Montreal 200 |
| GT | Jeff Segal | Ferrari 458 Italia Grand-Am | 1:39.640 | 2012 Montreal 200 |
| Barber Pro Series | Leonardo Maia | Reynard 98E | 1:40.095 | 2003 Montreal Barber Pro round |
| Superbike | Pascal Picotte [it] | Yamaha YZF-R1 | 1:40.756 | 2004 Montreal CSBK round |
| Formula BMW | Stefano Coletti | Mygale FB02 | 1:45.224 | 2006 Montreal Formula BMW USA round |
| F1600 | Trenton Estep | Spectrum 014 | 1:51.599 | 2016 Montréal Canadian F1600 round |
| Grand Prix Circuit: 4.421 km (1996–2001) |||||
| Formula One | Ralf Schumacher | Williams FW23 | 1:17.205 | 2001 Canadian Grand Prix |
| Formula Atlantic | Michael Valiante | Swift 008.a | 1:36.484 | 2001 Montreal Formula Atlantic round |
| Ferrari Challenge | Lucio Nicolodi | Ferrari 360 Modena Challenge | 1:48.276 | 2001 Montreal Ferrari Challenge North America round |
| F1600 | Frederick Martel | AERO II | 1:53.244 | 1998 Montréal Canadian F1600 round |
| Grand Prix Circuit: 4.450 km (1994–1995) |||||
| Formula One | Michael Schumacher | Benetton B194 | 1:28.927 | 1994 Canadian Grand Prix |
| Formula Atlantic | Felipe Giaffone | Ralt RT41 | 1:38.745 | 1995 Montreal Formula Atlantic round |
| F1600 | Mike Sauce | Swift DB1 | 1:57.176 | 1994 Montréal Canadian F1600 round |
| Grand Prix Circuit: 4.430 km (1988–1993) |||||
| Formula One | Michael Schumacher | Benetton B193 | 1:21.500 | 1993 Canadian Grand Prix |
| Group C | Mauro Baldi | Mercedes-Benz C11 | 1:28.725 | 1990 480 km of Montreal |
| Formula Atlantic | J. O. Cunningham | Swift DB4 | 1:38.031 | 1989 Montreal Formula Atlantic round |
| Grand Prix Circuit: 4.410 km (1978–1986) |||||
| Formula One | Nelson Piquet | Williams FW11 | 1:25.443 | 1986 Canadian Grand Prix |
| Formula Atlantic | Jeff Wood | March 79B | 1:39.443 | 1979 Montreal Formula Atlantic round |