OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Franklin (1863)

The First Battle of Franklin, though technically not a battle, was fought April 10, 1863, in Williamson County, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. It was a minor engagement in about the same location as that of the more famous Battle of Franklin (November 30, 1864), which was part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign.

## Battle

The 1863 engagement at Franklin was a reconnaissance in force by Confederate cavalry leader Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn, coupled with an inept response by Union Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger. Van Dorn advanced northward from Spring Hill, Tennessee, on April 10, making contact with Federal skirmishers just outside Franklin. Van Dorn's attack was so weak that when Granger received a false report that Brentwood to the north was under attack, he believed it and sent most of his cavalry northward thinking that Van Dorn was undertaking a diversion.
When the truth became known—there was no threat to Brentwood—Granger decided to attack Van Dorn, but was surprised to learn that a subordinate had already done so, without orders. Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley, with a brigade from the 4th U.S. Cavalry, had crossed the Harpeth River at Hughes's Ford, behind the Confederate right rear. Stanley attacked and captured Freeman's Tennessee Battery on the Lewisburg Road, but lost it when Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest counterattacked. This incident in his rear caused Van Dorn to cancel his operations and withdraw to Spring Hill, leaving the Federals in control of the area.

## Battlefield today

Fort Granger, named after Gordon Granger, is located in Franklin in Pinkerton Park on Murfreesboro Road.
# Win Myat Aye

Win Myat Aye (Burmese: ဝင်းမြတ်အေး; born 1 June 1954) is a Burmese politician and former Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement of Myanmar (Burma). He also serves as the chairman of the Myanmar Youth Affairs Committee.
He previously served as Amyotha Hluttaw MP for Bago Region No. 4 constituency. He is a practicing paediatrician and previously served as the rector of the University of Medicine, Magway.

## Early life and education

Win Myat Aye was born on 1 June 1954 in Pyuntaza, Pegu Division, Burma (now Myanmar) to U Than and Daw Aye. He graduated from Institute of Medicine 1, Rangoon with medical degree in March 1980 and master's degree in pediatrics in February 1994. He got doctorate degree in pediatrics in October 2006.

## Medical and academic career

Win Myat Aye served as an assistant medical officer at Yangon Children's Hospital from 1988 to 1998, as an paediatrician at Waibargi Hospital from 2001 to 2004. He also served as a lecturer from 2004 to 2006 and as an associate professor from 2006 to 2007 at University of Medicine, Magway. He served as an associate professor from 2007 to 2010, and as a professor from 2010 to 2011 at University of Medicine 1, Yangon. On 13 January 2011, Win Myat Aye became the rector of University of Medicine, Magway. He retired from his post in 2014.

## Political career

In 2015 Myanmar general election, he was elected as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP for Bago Region No. 4 constituency.
On 22 March 2016, he was nominated to be Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement in President Htin Kyaw's Cabinet. On 24 March, the Assembly of the Union confirmed his nomination.
During the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état on 1 February, Win Myat Aye was placed under house arrest by the Myanmar Armed Forces.

## Personal life

He married Mya Thida, an obstetrician and gynecologist, and has one son, Soe Lin Myat.
# Jules Renkin

Jules Laurent Jean Louis Renkin (3 December 1862 – 15 July 1934) was a Belgian politician who served as Prime Minister from 1931 to 1932. He also served as the minister of colonies for the Belgian Congo from 30 October 1908 to 21 November 1918.
Born in Ixelles, Renkin studied and practised law, and helped found the journal L'Avenir Sociale. In 1896 he was elected as a member of the Catholic Party to the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for Brussels, a seat he held until his death. Original on the Christian Democratic wing of the party, Renkin's views became more conservative with time.
He held several ministerial posts, Justice in 1907–1908, Colonies from 1908 to 1918, the Interior in 1918–1920, and Railway and Posts from 1918 to 1921. In 1920 he was named an honorary minister of State.
In 1931 he became the prime minister of Belgium, also holding the Interior, Finance, and Health portfolios. His government was unable to deal effectively with the economic crisis facing Belgium at the time and fell in 1932. His term coincided with the general strike of July-September 1932.
He was married to Emma van Hamme.

## Honours

* Belgium: Minister of State by Royal Decree.
* Belgium: Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold, RD 1932.
* Belgium: Grand Cross of the Order of the African Star, RD 1921.
* Belgium: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
* France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
* Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great, 1932.
* Spain: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
* United Kingdom: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
* Italy: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy
* Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
* Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion and the Sun
* Greece: Officer of the Order of the Redeemer
# Sinon Monastery

Sinon Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Sikkim, northeastern India.Sinon Monastery is located in West Sikkim District. Sinon means 'the suppressor of intense fear'. The monastery was constructed in 1716 and is situated on a hilltop, 10 km from Tashiding. The monastery was built under the leadership of Pedi Wangmo, half-sister of Chogyal Chagdor Namgyal. The famous painting, Pedi Wangmo, can be found in the Sinon Monastery. Another famous Sikkimese artwork found in the monastery is a painting of Arhat Nagasena. The saint's peaceful face is expressed with a minimum of colours and line drawings. The painting displays strong influence of the Ajanta cave paintings. The nearest airport is Civil Enclave Bagdogra
# Herwig Mannaert

Herwig Mannaert (born April 23, 1965) is a Belgian academic and Professor at the University of Antwerp, Dean of the Management Information Systems Department, and Executive Professor at the University of Antwerp Management School, known for his work on digital image processing, software architecture, and open source software.

## Biography

Mannaert received his Msc in Electrical Engineer in 1988 from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, where in 1993 he also received his PhD for a thesis on the "design of object recognition algorithms for image interpretation."
After his graduation in 1993 the University of Antwerp appointed Mannaert Associate Professor at the Management Information Systems Department. From 1998 to 2000 he was lead developer at the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT), directing the developed of a new secure communication software system. Since 2000 is founding director of Cast4All, that supply scalable and transactional software management systems. At the University of Antwerp he is appointed Professor and Dean of the Management Information Systems Department, and Executive Professor at the University of Antwerp Management School.
His research interests are in the field of evolvable software architectures, and particularly e-learning technologies and open source software.

## Publications

Mannaert authored and co-authored many publications in his field of expertise. Books:
* Patrick Wambacq, Herwig Mannaert. Handboek signaalverwerking: numerieke frequentieanalyse, stochastische signalen en digitaal filterontwerp. Acco, 1998.
* Herwig Mannaert, Herbert Peremans. Kijk op elektronica. ACCO, 2005
* Mannaert, Herwig, and Jan Verelst. Normalized systems: re-creating information technology based on laws for software evolvability. (2009).
Articles, a selection:
* Ven, Kris, Jan Verelst, and Herwig Mannaert. "Should you adopt open source software?." IEEE Software 25.3 (2008): 54-59.
* Mannaert, Herwig, Jan Verelst, and Kris Ven. "Towards evolvable software architectures based on systems theoretic stability." Software: Practice and Experience 42.1 (2012): 89-116.
# Timothy C. Evans

Timothy C. Evans (born June 1, 1943) is an American attorney, politician, former alderman and the current Chief Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court. Evans is noted as the first African-American Chief Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court. A graduate of the John Marshall Law School in Chicago, Evans was first elected to the bench in 1992, and was selected by his fellow judges as Chief Judge in 2001.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Born the middle of three children in Hot Springs, Arkansas to George and Tiny Marie Evans, his family relocated to Chicago sometime during the great migration. Having attended elementary school in Arkansas, Evans attended Hirsch Metropolitan High School; graduating in 1961. After high school, Evans went on to study at Illinois State University, and later transferred to University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he graduated with a B.S. in zoology. Evans earned his J.D. degree at John Marshall Law School in 1969 and joined the Democratic Party.

### Alderman (1973–1991)

Evans was elected alderman of the city's south side 4th Ward in a November 27, 1973 special election to fill the vacancy created six months earlier by the death of Ald. Claude Holman on June 1, 1973. Evans defeated Hattie B. Kay Williams, a 50-year-old executive of the Girl Scouts and civil rights activist by a vote of 6,784 to 3,136.
An ally of mayors Daley, Bilandic, and Byrne, Evans served as floor leader and Chicago City Council Finance Chair during Harold Washington's mayoral administration. Following Washington's death in 1987, Evans sought to fill Washington's unexpired term. The Chicago City Council voted to choose Alderman Eugene Sawyer to serve in the interim. Evans continued to serve as alderman.
In the 1989 special election, Evans ran as an independent candidate to fill the rest of Washington's term as mayor. Evans received 482,000 votes but lost to Richard M. Daley, son of former multi-term mayor Richard J. Daley.
After 18 years in office, in 1991 Evans was defeated for re-election as alderman in the 4th Ward by Toni Preckwinkle.

### Cook County Circuit Judge (1992-present)

In 1992, Evans was elected to the bench as judge of Cook County Circuit Court. In September 2001, Evans was elected as the first black Chief Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court succeeding Donald O'Connell.

## Personal

Evans met his wife during his time at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Evans was inducted into the Arkansas Black Hall of Fame in 2010.
# Mausoleum of King Wang Kŏn

The Mausoleum of King Wang Kŏn (Korean: 왕건왕릉), more correctly known as the Hyŏllŭng Royal Tomb, is a mausoleum located Haesong Village, Kaesŏng, North Korea. The tomb belongs to the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty, Wang Kon, who received the temple name 'Taejo' and was the first monarch to unify the entire Korean peninsula after the subjugation the southern states of Silla and Baekje. Construction on the tomb began after the King's death in 943. Nonetheless, by the end of the occupation period there was little left of the original tomb, which had deteriorated due to abandonment and looting by Japanese forces. The tomb was heavily reconstructed in 1994, and all of the original buildings and statues were cleared away in order to accomplish its "restoration". The site is nominated for World Heritage status.
# St John's Church, Oakfield, Ryde

50°43′24″N 01°08′52″W﻿ / ﻿50.72333°N 1.14778°W﻿ / 50.72333; -1.14778
St. John's Church, Oakfield, Ryde is a parish church in the Church of England located in Ryde, Isle of Wight.

## History

The church was built in 1842–43 by Charles Langdon & Co. to a design by the architect Thomas Hellyer.
The church was consecrated on 18 July 1843 by Charles Richard Sumner the Bishop of Winchester. Successive enlargements to the building were made in following years as the local population grew, and on 3 December 1870 the enlarged church was re-consecrated. At the same time St John's became a parish church, until that time having been a chapel-of-ease in the parish of St Helens.
A Lady chapel was added in 1914 in memory of the 7th Lord Calthorpe whose family lived at nearby Woodlands Vale, and were regular worshippers at the church. The chancel of the church was enlarged in 1954.
The churchyard contains Commonwealth war graves of 13 service personnel from World War I and two from World War II.
In 1970 a church hall was added as an extension of the church building, the previous hall having been situated some distance away at the junction of St John's Hill and St John's Avenue. The church hall was refurbished in 2006 and was used for a number of years as The Park Centre, a community resource. Management of the hall has now returned to the PCC of St John's Church and continues to be used by church and community groups.

## Organ

A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

### List of organists

* J. Heaton-Bailey 1886 – 1890
* Walter Brennand Smith ????
* Sidney L. Torr 1910 – ca. 1912 – ????
* R. H. Toogood. ca. 1921
* Dudley Teague ca. 1967
* Jeanette Richards ca. 1980
# Ashutosh Mehta

Ashutosh Mehta (born 21 February 1991) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Indian Super League club Jamshedpur.

## Club career
### Mumbai

The 2010–11 season got off to a good start for Mehta as he made his debut for Mumbai in the 2010 Federation Cup against HAL. He then made his I-League debut for Mumbai against East Bengal on 2 November 2010.

### Mumbai City

In July 2015 Mehta was drafted to play for Mumbai City in the 2015 Indian Super League.

### Mohun Bagan

On 6 July 2021, Mohun Bagan confirmed the signing of Mehta on its social media and various other platforms for the 2021–22 season. He has been released on May 15, 2022.
In 2022 Ashutosh Mehta failed a doping test and was banned for two years.

## International career

On 2 March 2021, Mehta was selected for the 35-man-squad national camp ahead of India national team's friendlies against Oman and UAE. On 25 March, he made his debut against Oman, which ended as 1–1.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 18 May 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Mumbai | 2011–12 | I-League | 19 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 21 | 1 |
| Mumbai | 2012–13 | I-League | 21 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 24 | 1 |
| Mumbai | 2013–14 | I-League | 23 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 25 | 3 |
| Mumbai | 2014–15 | I-League | 19 | 1 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 23 | 1 |
| Mumbai | Mumbai total | Mumbai total | 82 | 6 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 93 | 7 |
| Pune City (loan) | 2014 | Indian Super League | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Mumbai City | 2015 | Indian Super League | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Mumbai City | 2016 | Indian Super League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Mumbai City | Mumbai City total | Mumbai City total | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Mumbai (loan) | 2015–16 | I-League | 15 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 17 | 1 |
| Aizawl (loan) | 2016–17 | I-League | 16 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 19 | 1 |
| ATK | 2017–18 | Indian Super League | 12 | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 14 | 1 |
| Pune City | 2018–19 | Indian Super League | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Mohun Bagan | 2019–20 | I-League | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| NorthEast United | 2020–21 | Indian Super League | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 18 | 1 |
| Mohun Bagan | 2021–22 | Indian Super League | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 227 | 9 | 18 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 264 | 14 |
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Appearance(s) in Federation Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Super Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Durand Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in AFC Cup

## Honours

Aizawl
* I-League: 2016–17
Mohun Bagan
* I-League: 2019–20
# George H. Barlow

George Herbert Barlow (January 4, 1921 – March 4, 1979) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

## Education and career

Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Barlow received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Dartmouth College in 1943 and a Bachelor of Laws from Rutgers Law School in 1948. He was in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1945. He was an assistant counsel for the New Jersey State Law Revision Commission from 1948 to 1953. He was in private practice in Trenton from 1948 to 1953. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the District of New Jersey from 1953 to 1956 and then a United States Commissioner of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey from 1956 to 1963. He then returned to private practice until 1963. He was a judge on the Mercer County Court, New Jersey from 1963 to 1966, and on the Superior Court of New Jersey from 1966 to 1970.

## Federal judicial service

On July 22, 1969, Barlow was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey vacated by Judge Arthur Stephen Lane. Barlow was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 17, 1969, and received his commission the following day. He served as Chief Judge from 1978 until his death of an apparent heart attack on March 4, 1979, at the Mercer Medical Center in Trenton.
# 1961 Cincinnati Zantop DC-4 crash

A Zantop Air Transport Douglas DC-4 was on its final approach to Greater Cincinnati Airport runway 18 (now runway 18C), when it clipped some trees and crashed into a wooded area north of the airport. This was the first of at least three aircraft on their final approach that failed to reach runway 18 at the Greater Cincinnati Airport, becoming victims of the area's hilly terrain with steep changes in elevation from the Ohio River, the others being American Airlines Flight 383 and TWA Flight 128.

## Crash

The pilot, Calvin Goutier, the co-pilot, Richard Breathren, and the unnamed flight engineer were flying from Detroit, Michigan, carrying automotive parts for General Motors Corporation to the airport for a routine landing while en route to Atlanta, Georgia. In the crash the fuselage broke into two pieces and the wreckage was strewn along a 400-foot (122-m) path. The crash occurred about 5:26 a.m.
The plane had been tracked by radar and suddenly disappeared from the radar screen, and airport authorities saw a large flash.
The crew exited through an escape hatch, surviving with minor injuries (Goutier a sprained ankle and Breathren a leg injury). They walked to Kentucky Route 20, about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) away, for help. A passing motorist, who worked for Delta Air Lines, noted a person walking out of the woods and continued driving to the airport. Later, Delta employees picked up the crew members.

## Aircraft

The DC-4 aircraft involved was originally a United States Army Air Forces Douglas Skymaster, s/n 42-72226, which had been re-purchased by Douglas Aircraft Company on October 1, 1945, and reconfigured into a DC-4. On January 9, 1946, it was sold to United Airlines bearing US registration number N30061. United leased the airliner to Slick Airways on June 20, 1956. On June 4, 1959, it was sold to Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, who leased it back to Slick Airways until June 1960. Zantop Air Transport bought the aircraft in June 1960 and operated it as a cargo plane until it crashed.
# Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide

Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide is the organosulfur compound with the formula (ClCH$_2$CH$_2$)$_2$S. It is a prominent member of a family of cytotoxic and blister agents known as mustard agents. Sometimes referred to as mustard gas, the term is technically incorrect: bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide is a liquid at room temperature. In warfare it was dispersed in the form of a fine mist of liquid droplets.

## Synthesis

Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide has been prepared in a variety of ways. In the Depretz method, sulfur dichloride is treated with ethylene:
    SCl$_2$ + 2 C$_2$H$_4$ → (ClC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S
In the Levinstein process, disulfur dichloride is used instead:
    S$_2$Cl$_2$ + 2 C$_2$H$_4$ → (ClC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S + 1⁄8 S$_8$
In the Meyer method, thiodiglycol is produced from chloroethanol and sodium sulfide, and the resulting diol is then treated with phosphorus trichloride:
    3 (HOC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S + 2 PCl$_3$ → 3 (ClC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S + 2 P(OH)$_3$
In the Meyer–Clarke method, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used instead of PCl$_3$:
    (HOC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S + 2 HCl → (ClC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S + 2 H$_2$O
Thionyl chloride and phosgene, the latter of which is also a choking agent, have also been used as chlorinating agents. These compounds have the added advantage in that if they are used in excess, they remain as impurities in the finished product and can therefore produce additional mechanisms of toxicity.

## Reactions

The idealized combustion of mustard gas in oxygen produces hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, in addition to carbon dioxide and water:
    (ClC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S + 7 O$_2$ → 4 CO$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O + 2 HCl + H$_2$SO$_4$
Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide reacts with sodium hydroxide, giving divinyl sulfide:
    (ClC$_2$H$_4$)$_2$S + 2 NaOH → (CH$_2$=CH)$_2$S + 2 H$_2$O + 2 NaCl
Sodium ethoxide acts similarly.

## Safety

Upon skin contact or inhalation, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide is a nonspecific toxin. It is a strong alkylating agent, which affects DNA, RNA, and proteins.
# Wan Mohd Hoesne

Wan Mohd Hoesne bin Wan Hussain (born 2 September 1987) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a striker for Selangor FA.

## Career

In December 2008, he joined Johor FC for the 2009 season from Selangor FA President's Cup Team. Later, the club released him and in December 2011, he signed a contract with Selangor FA for the 2012 Malaysia Super League season.
# John P. Jaeckel

John P. Jaeckel (April 22, 1865 – June 16, 1941) was an American politician.

## Biography

Jaeckel was born on April 22, 1865, to German parents in Syracuse, New York. The family then moved to Auburn, New York. He worked as a money order clerk at the Auburn post office, and later as a clerk and bookkeeper for a coal dealer.
As a Republican, he was Auburn City Treasurer from 1895 to 1898. He was New York State Treasurer from 1899 to 1902, elected in 1898 and 1900.
On October 29, 1901, he was the foreman of the witnesses to the execution of Leon Czolgosz at Auburn State Prison.
He was president of the New York State Prison Commission, and a member of the New York State Board of Parole which in 1904 denied number racketeer Albert J. Adams's application for parole.
In 1920, he was chosen the first Auburn City Manager. He died on June 16, 1941, in Auburn, New York.
# United States (disambiguation)

The United States is a country located mainly in North America.
United States may also refer to:

## Countries

* United States of Mexico

### Former countries

* United States of Belgium
* United States of Brazil
* United States of Central America
* United States of Colombia
* United States of Indonesia
* United States of the Ionian Islands
* United States of Stellaland
* United States of Venezuela

### Hypothetical countries

* United States of Europe, hypothetical country emerging from a federated Europe

## Other political entities

* United Arab States
* United States of Matsya, a former state of India

## Arts and entertainment

* United States (TV series), a 1980 American sitcom
* United States (album), 2009, by Paul Gilbert and Freddie Nelson
* United States, a 2014 album by Ian McLagan
* "United States", a song by Smashing Pumpkins from the 2007 album Zeitgeist

## Transportation

* List of ships named United States, many ships, including
** SS United States, a retired ocean liner built in 1950
** SS United States (1864), a merchant steamship lost in 1881
** SS United States (1903), a ship of the Scandinavian American Line scrapped in 1935
** USS United States, the name of several U.S. Navy ships
* United States, a presidential railcar built for Abraham Lincoln