OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New York district courts

In the U.S. state of New York, district courts are state courts that are a type of trial court of inferior jurisdiction. They are established in Nassau County and the five western towns in Suffolk County. Each contains individual districts for civil cases which are organized along town lines, while criminal cases are heard in a separate countywide (in Nassau) or half-countywide (in Suffolk) district. They effectively replace town justice courts in these localities, but have subject-matter jurisdiction and operations similar to city courts.
They are not to be confused with the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, a federal court whose territorial jurisdiction includes the two Long Island counties as well as the city counties of Kings, Queens, and Richmond, or any of the other federal district courts in New York.

## Subject-matter jurisdiction

The court has subject-matter jurisdiction over civil matters seeking monetary damages up to $15,000, small-claims matters seeking monetary damages up to $5,000, and landlord and tenant matters. The criminal jurisdiction of the court includes trials over misdemeanors, violations, and infractions, preliminary jurisdiction over felonies, and jurisdiction over traffic tickets charging a crime. In Suffolk County, the jurisdiction of the court also includes town ordinance offenses prosecuted by the towns. This subject-matter jurisdiction is the same as the city courts within New York State.

## Organization

The Nassau County District Court is divided into four districts, all of which sit in Hempstead, New York. The first district covers criminal cases countywide. The other three districts cover civil cases, and are organized by town and city: the second covers Hempstead and Long Beach, the third covers North Hempstead, and the fourth covers Oyster Bay and Glen Cove.
The Suffolk County District Court is divided into six districts. The first, having a "central location", covers criminal cases in all five towns. The other five districts, having "outlying courthouses", are each coextensive with one of the towns, and have jurisdiction over civil matters, small claims, landlord and tenant matters, and town ordinances. The six districts are:
| District | Towns covered | Courthouse location |
| First | all | Cohalan Court Complex, Central Islip (criminal) Ronkonkoma (civil) |
| Second | Babylon | Lindenhurst |
| Third | Huntington | Huntington Station |
| Fourth | Smithtown | Hauppauge |
| Fifth | Islip | Ronkonkoma |
| Sixth | Brookhaven | Patchogue |
These districts do not correspond to districts of the New York Supreme Court.

## Appeals

Appeals from the district court go to the Appellate Term of the New York Supreme Court for the Second Department.

## History

The Suffolk County District Court became active pursuant to the New York Uniform District Court Act in January 1964, replacing the town courts.
# Monmouth Park station

Monmouth Park is a seasonal NJ Transit commuter rail station on the North Jersey Coast Line, located in Oceanport, New Jersey, and serving the current Monmouth Park Racetrack. The first two locations of Monmouth Park were inside now-closed Fort Monmouth. Both those locations had dedicated rail sidings owned by The Monmouth Park Railroad.
Railway service to the current Monmouth Park began in 1946. There were two stations: a diesel-only terminal station, and an electric-compatible station. The diesel-only stop was where the special Pony Express service terminated, until the end of the 2005 racing season. That terminal station was located inside the racetrack's property accessed by a dedicated siding off of the current NJ Transit rail line. That service was discontinued afterwards and so this area is no longer used as a train station (since filled over). During the 2007 Breeders' Cup World Championships, the area where the single-track station is located served as a hospitality center/entrance.
The mainline electrified station is located approximately 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) from the track's entrance on Port-Au-Peck Avenue. This station is served at least once an hour from approximately 10:30 a.m. until approximately 7 p.m. on Fridays and race days during the racing season.

## Station layout

The station has two low-level gravel surfaced side platforms serving trains in both directions. The northbound platform features bus shelter style protection from the elements along with some benches. The southbound platform features just benches. There are no ticket machines at this station.
# Oklahoma Council on Judicial Complaints

The Oklahoma Council on Judicial Complaints is an agency of the state of Oklahoma that investigates allegations of judicial misconduct and can recommend a judge be reprimanded by the Oklahoma Supreme Court or recommend the judge's removal from office by the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. The council has jurisdiction over all state, municipal and administrative law judges. The council is composed of three members.

## Membership

The council consists of three members. Only two members of the council may be members of the Oklahoma Bar Association. One member is appointed by the President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate, one member is appointed by the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, and the third member is appointed by the President of the Oklahoma Bar Association. No members of the council, during their terms of office, is eligible for appointment to the Oklahoma Judicial Nominating Commission.
The current members of the council are:
* Richard Rose - Chairman
* Angela Ailles Bahm - Vice Chairwoman
* Zack Taylor - Member
# Monocacy station

Monocacy (/məˈnɒkəsi/) is a passenger rail station on the MARC Brunswick Line between Washington, D.C. and Frederick, Maryland. This station is one of two stations on the Frederick extension. It is also the only station on the Brunswick Line other than Union Station to have a high-level platform. There is also a low level platform at the north end of the station.
Monocacy station is located at 7800 Genstar Drive, a cul-de-sac with a large parking lot off the east side of Maryland Route 355 in Frederick. It was built on the old Frederick Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The architects of Cochran, Stephenson & Donkervoet, Inc. designed the small station to resemble B&O stations from the past.

## Bus connections

MTA Maryland Commuter Bus
* Route 204
* Route 515
TransIT Services of Frederick
* TransIT Route 20
* TransIT Route 10(By request only)

## History

Monocacy Station, served at the time by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, played a brief but key role during John Brown's 1859 raid on the Federal Armory in nearby Harpers Ferry, Virginia (since 1863, West Virginia). Because John Brown's rebels cut the Railroad's telegraph line, no news of the rebellion reached Baltimore, the Railroad's center of operations, for several hours. The one train Brown eventually let proceed through Harpers Ferry and over the B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing into Maryland stopped at Monocacy, which was the next station with staff and a telegraph, something not available in the stations at the hamlets of Sandy Hook, Maryland, and Point of Rocks, Maryland. The conductor stopped the train and sent a message about the abolitionist rebellion to B&O headquarters. After confirming it, the Railroad notified President James Buchanan, Virginia Governor Henry A. Wise, and other officials about the raid/revolt, beginning the operation to suppress it.
# Oklahoma Courts of Appeal

There are two Courts of Appeal in the U.S. state of Oklahoma:
* Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals hears appeals in civil cases. Decisions from this court may be further appealed to the Oklahoma Supreme Court.
* Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals hears appeals in criminal cases. This is the highest court for criminal cases in Oklahoma; decisions from this court can only be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States.
# Santa Cruz County Superior Court

The Superior Court of California, County of Santa Cruz, is the California superior court with jurisdiction over Santa Cruz County. It occupies two courthouses, one in Santa Cruz on Ocean Street and one in Watsonville on Second Street.

## History

Santa Cruz County was one of the original counties formed when California was made a state in 1850.
Court was first held in the Eagle Hotel, the largest building of the Mission Santa Cruz campus, just south of School Street. The second courthouse was a building on the east side of present-day Emmett Street nearby. The land and building were donated by Thomas Fallon to the county in 1852; Fallon originally had constructed it a residence.$^{:44}$
Judge John H. Watson served as the first judge of the court of sessions (1850–51); after his resignation, he was succeeded by C.P. Hester (1851–59),$^{:21}$ Samuel Bell McKee, and David Belden. After the new California constitution of 1879 established the superior court system, J.H. Logan was the first judge, succeeded by F.J. McCann, Logan again (after McCann died in office), and then Lucas F. Smith.$^{:44}$
Later, the third site for the court was held in the "flatiron edifice" (built by Hugo Hihn in 1860, between present-day Front and Pacific) until a new courthouse, designed by Thomas Beck, was constructed by Sedgewick J. Lynch and George T. Gragg in 1866 for $20,000$^{:23}$ and completed in 1867 at Cooper and Pacific. It was built on land deeded to the county in April 1866; the selection of the "flats" of Santa Cruz rather than the hill on which the mission stood was a matter of some controversy, as a group had already proposed to donate Mission Hill land, which the county accepted, then rescinded once the Cooper Street offer was extended.$^{:23–24}$ The 1867 courthouse was destroyed by fire over the night of April 14–15, 1894, prompting the construction of a new courthouse, completed and turned over to the county by December 1896; it was designed by N.A. Comstock and built by R.H. McCabe. The 1896 courthouse was damaged in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, with the courthouse tower coming down.$^{:25–26}$
As the building aged, multiple replacements for the 1896 courthouse were proposed starting in 1927, and an annex was built to alleviate overcrowding in 1937, then remodeled in 1949. The court moved to its present offices in 1967, and the 1896 courthouse was remodeled with offices and retail space as Cooper House in 1972. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Pacific Avenue Historic District (NRIS #87000004) in 1987, damaged by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and demolished; the district was delisted in 1991.

## Venues

The Superior Court of Santa Cruz has three locations:
1. Santa Cruz Courthouse located at 701 Ocean Street, Santa Cruz
2. Watsonville Courthouse located at 1 Second Street, Watsonville
3. Felton Courthouse located at 3650 Graham Hill Road, Felton
# George Boseman

George Boseman is an American actor, comedian and screenplay writer. He is perhaps best known for performed voice impersonations of celebrities and TV roles. In 2015, Boseman performed Snoop Dogg impersonation in the CollegeHumor web series, written by Emily Axford and Pat Cassels, directed by Matthew Pollock and Bill Bergen. Highlights as a television writer includes Media Wars, Pilot, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Plastic Cup Boyz, Red Means Go, InAPPropriate Comedy and Katt Williams Presents: Katthouse Comedy. He has also acted in TV episodes and movies such as 30 Rock, Living and Active, Red Mean Go, CollegeHumor's Comedy Music Hall of Fame and Media Wars. Boseman has also produced an episode for Media Wars in 2017.
# Utah Business and Chancery Court

In 2023, in the American state of Utah, the Utah Legislature (Senate and House of Representatives), unanimously passed statutory amendments creating a statewide business court, the Utah Business and Chancery Court, and Utah's governor signed it into law. The Business and Chancery Court is to become operational in 2024.

## History of the Business and Chancery Court

Utah House Bill 216 creating the Business and Chancery Court was chiefly sponsored by Representative Brady Brammer. The final version of the bill was unanimously passed by the Utah Senate and House of Representatives, and was signed into law by the governor on March 20, 2023. The new court will not become operational until October 1, 2024. The Business and Chancery Court's creation was supported by the Utah State Bar. Utah Code § 78A-1-101, addressing courts of record in the state, added the Business and Chancery Court as one of Utah's courts of justice and courts of record, effective July 1, 2024.

## Nature and design of the Business and Chancery Court

The Business and Chancery Court is a specialized business court with limited, statewide, jurisdiction, concurrent with Utah's district courts per Utah Code § 78A-5a-102. The statute setting out its jurisdiction, Utah Code § 78A-5a-103, lists certain case types of a business or commercial nature that fall within the court's jurisdiction, as well as case types that fall outside of its jurisdiction. In addition, to come within the Business and Chancery Court's jurisdiction, cases must have a minimum amount in controversy of $300,000 or seek equitable relief. Jury trials are not permitted in the Business and Chancery Court.
The law creating the Business and Chancery Court provides for distinct judges and court administrators, with a physical location in Salt Lake City, Utah, but it can carry out its functions in any part of the state. The Business and Chancery Court judges are required to publish all final decisions and orders, and to make them publicly available on a website.

## Developments in establishing the Business and Chancery Court

Utah's Supreme Court established an Advisory Committee on the Rules of Business and Chancery Procedure, to develop rules of procedure for the Business and Chancery Court. A proposed set of Utah Rules of Business and Chancery Court Procedure was publicly posted on April 25, 2024, with a public comment period ending on June 9, 2024. On June 28, 2024, the governor's office announced the nominees for a judicial position on the Business and Chancery Court.
# Utah Supreme Court

The Utah Supreme Court is the supreme court of the state of Utah, United States. It has final authority of interpretation of the Utah Constitution. The Utah Supreme Court is composed of five members: a chief justice, an associate chief justice, and three other justices. All justices are appointed by the governor of Utah, with confirmation by the Utah Senate. The five justices elect one of their own to serve as chief justice and another to serve as associate chief justice, each for a term of four years.

## History

Before present-day Utah became a state, it was organized into a provisional state, called the State of Deseret. Its constitution established a three-member supreme court. In 1850, the United States Congress passed "An Act to Establish a Territorial Government for Utah", Section 9 of which provided that "the judicial power of said territory shall be vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, and Justices of the Peace". This act converted Deseret's supreme court into a territorial supreme court with expanded jurisdiction.
In 1894, the United States Congress passed an Enabling Act, which called a convention to draft a constitution for Utah, another step towards statehood. The Enabling Act provided that Utah's territorial courts would be succeeded by new state courts with the same structure and jurisdiction. When Utah became a state on January 4, 1896, its constitution took effect, and Utah's territorial supreme court was replaced by a new state supreme court. The constitution provided that the court would have three members, but that the Utah Legislature could expand its membership to five after 1905, an option it ultimately exercised.
In 1998, the Utah Supreme Court moved into its current courthouse, named for Governor Scott M. Matheson. The multimillion-dollar building was nicknamed the "Taj Mahal" by some critics over its cost. Prior to that, the court met in the Utah State Capitol.

## Supreme Court justices

The Governor of Utah nominates justices from a list created by a judicial nominating commission each time a vacancy arises. The nominee must then be confirmed by a majority of the Utah Senate to take office. If confirmed, the justice is subjected to a nonpartisan, "unopposed retention election at the first general election held more than three years after appointment" and every ten years thereafter.
| Justice | Born | Joined | Term ends | Appointed by | Law school |
| Matthew B. Durrant, Chief Justice | 1957 (age 67–68) | February 8, 2000 | January 1, 2035 | Mike Leavitt (R) | Harvard |
| John A. Pearce | (1969-06-06) June 6, 1969 (age 55) | January 29, 2016 | January 6, 2031 | Gary Herbert (R) | UC Berkeley |
| Paige Petersen | 1972 (age 52–53) | January 19, 2018 | January 3, 2033 | Gary Herbert (R) | Yale |
| Diana Hagen | 1973 (age 51–52) | May 18, 2022 | January 4, 2027 | Spencer Cox (R) | Utah |
| Jill Pohlman | – | August 17, 2022 | January 4, 2027 | Spencer Cox (R) | Utah |
* ↑ Originally appointed as an Associate Justice. Took office as Chief Justice on April 1, 2012.
# Virginia Court of Chancery

The Virginia Courts of Chancery were state courts with equity jurisdiction, which existed in Virginia from 1777 to 1875.

## High Court of Chancery

The Virginia General Assembly passed a law creating the High Court of Chancery during its October 1777 session. The Court met in the state capitol and was given jurisdiction over all equity cases for the entire state of Virginia, including those pending at the time in the General Court. The High Court of Chancery could hear cases brought before it by original process or appeals from a lower court. Its decisions could be appealed to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, and the High Court of Chancery could ask the General Court to give an opinion on a legal issue. On January 23, 1802, the General Assembly abolished the High Court of Chancery and replaced it with the Superior Courts of Chancery.

### Chancellors of the High Court of Chancery

* John Blair Jr.: 1780-1788
* Robert Carter Nicholas, Sr.: 1779-1780
* Edmund Pendleton: 1777-1788
* George Wythe: 1777-1802

## Superior Courts of Chancery

The Superior Courts of Chancery were created in 1802 to handle chancery matters initially handled by the High Court of Chancery. The state was divided into three chancery districts and cases from the counties composing the district were tried in a fixed location within each district. The records were kept in that location. Five additional districts were created before the court was supplanted by local Circuit Superior Courts of Law and Chancery in 1875. This court was sometimes called District Court of Chancery.
# Yuba County Superior Court

The Superior Court of California, County of Yuba, also known as the Yuba County Superior Court, is the California superior court with jurisdiction over Yuba County.

## History

Yuba County was one of the original counties formed in 1850 when California gained statehood.
Court was originally held in a canvas structure erected at E and Third in 1850, containing a single room 20 by 30 feet (6.1 by 9.1 m) in size, and a second story used as a Masonic hall. The Court of Sessions appropriated US$6,000 (equivalent to $227,000 in 2024) to purchase the St. Charles Hotel at D and Third, allocating an additional US$500 to repair it with canvas partitions.$^{:235}$ A permanent courthouse was completed in 1855, modeled after the United States Army Corps of Engineers logo, at D and Sixth with an estimated cost of US$45,000 (equivalent to $1,519,000 in 2024).$^{:235}$ The 1855 courthouse was replaced by a new facility in 1962 and demolished in 1963.
Court is currently held in the 1962 building.
# Kirk E. Sherriff

Kirk Edward Sherriff (born 1968) is an American lawyer from California who has served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California since 2024.

## Early life and education

Sherff grew up in Sacramento, raised by a single mother. Sherriff received a Bachelor of Arts, cum laude, from Columbia University in 1990 and a Juris Doctor, cum laude, from Harvard Law School in 1995.

## Career

Before law school, Sherriff worked as a high school teacher in public schools in the Mississippi Teacher Corps. From 1996 to 1997, he served as a law clerk for Chief Justice Deborah Poritz of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. From 1995 to 1996 and again from 1997 to 2001, Sherriff was an associate at the law firm White & Case L.L.P. From 2002 to 2024, he served as an assistant United States attorney in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of California. He served in the civil division from 2002 to 2007, then in the criminal division from 2007 to 2015, including as chief of the white collar crime unit from 2012 to 2015. From 2015 to 2024, he served as chief for the U.S. Attorney's Office in Fresno.

### Federal judicial service

On September 6, 2023, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Sherriff to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California. On November 15, 2023, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated Sherriff to the seat vacated by Judge Ana de Alba, who was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on November 16, 2023. On November 29, 2023, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. During his confirmation hearing, he was criticized over his ACLU membership and prior contributions to the progressive fundraising group Act Blue. On January 3, 2024, his nomination was returned to the president under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate and he was renominated on January 8, 2024. On January 18, 2024, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 12–9 vote. On January 25, 2024, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 51–42 vote. On January 31, 2024, his nomination was confirmed by a 54–45 vote. Sherriff received his judicial commission on February 7, 2024, and took the oath of office on the same day.