# List of large volcanic eruptions

This is a sortable list of large eruptions that occurred between 11.7 Ka and 450+ Ma. Uncertainties as to dates and tephra volumes are not restated, and references are not repeated. The inclusion criteria here only covers entries with a Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 5 or greater. The given values for events in the Miocene epoch sometimes lack references, and are given as VEI-equivalent, as an estimate of the erupted tephra volume.

## 11.7 to 49KA

| VEI | Volcano/complex | Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot | Material volume (km$^3$) | Age in Ka | Tephra or eruption name |
| 6 | Lolobau Island | Bismarck Volcanic Arc | 50 50 | 12 | caldera formation |
| 6 | Menengai | Great Rift Valley, Kenya | 24.9 < 25 | 12.3 | Ruplax Tuff |
| 6 | Nevado de Toluca | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 20 20 | 12.5 | Upper Toluca Pumice |
| 6 | Sakurajima | Kyūshū | 11 11 | 12.8 | Sakurajima-Satsuma Tuff |
| 6 | Laacher See | Eifel hotspot | 20 20 | 12.9 | |
| 6 | Nigorigawa | Hokkaidō | 10.9 10.9 | 14.6 | |
| 6 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | 79 79 | 14.9 | Neapolitan Yellow Tuff |
| 6 | Maly Semyachik | Kamchatka | 17.5 17.5 | 15 | |
| 6 | Towada | Honshū | 56 56 | 15.6 | eruption episode L |
| 7 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | Un­known | 15.7 | |
| 5 | Mount Vesuvius | Campanian volcanic arc | 1.3 1.3 | 19.3 | Green Pumice |
| 7 | Long Island, PNG | Bismarck Volcanic Arc | 100 100 | 19.3 | Kiau Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Zavaritzki Caldera | Simushir, Kuril Islands | 200 200 | 20 | |
| 6 | Rabaul | Bismarck Volcanic Arc | 10.1 >10 | 21 | Kulau Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Menengai | Great Rift Valley, Kenya | 26.1 26.1 | 21 | Caldera formation 2 |
| 6 | Cape Riva Caldera, Santorini | South Aegean Volcanic Arc | 20.1 >20 | 21.8 | Cape Riva |
| 5 | Mount Vesuvius | Campanian volcanic arc | 1.9 1.9 | 22 | Basal Pumice |
| 6 | Mount Katmai | SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc | 10.1 ⩾10 | 22.8 | Late Pleistocene rhyodacite pumice fall and ignimbrite |
| 8 | Taupō Volcano | Taupō Volcanic Zone | 1170 1170 | 26.5 | Oruanui eruption |
| 6 | Morne Diablotins | Dominica, Lesser Antilles island arc | 14 14 | 26.6 | Grand Savanne Ignimbrite |
| ? | Laguna Caldera | Luzon Volcanic Arc | Un­known | 27-29 | |
| 5 | Mount Vesuvius | Campanian volcanic arc | 2.2 2.2 | 28.6 | Codola Pumice |
| 6 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | 10.1 ≥10 | 29.1 | Y3 |
| 6 | Emmons Lake caldera | SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc | 50 50 | 29.3 | Dawson Tephra |
| 6 | Nemrut yanardağı | Turkey | 65.4 65.4 | 29.7 | |
| 7-8 | Aira Caldera | Kyūshū | 940 940 - 1,040 | 30 | Ito Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Nemo Peak | Onekotan, Kuril Islands | 10 10 | 30.8 | Nemo III |
| 6 | Shiveluch | Kamchatka | 30.1 >30 | 32.2 | caldera formation |
| 6 | Volcán Los Azufres | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 11 11 | 32.8 | Cieneguillas Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Morne Trois Pitons | Dominica, Lesser Antilles island arc | 58 58 | 33.3 | Roseau Tuff/Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Lake Ranau | Sunda Arc, Sumatra | 150 150 | 33.6 | Ranau Tuff |
| 6 | Nemo Peak | Onekotan, Kuril Islands | 31.3 31.3 | 34 | Nemo II |
| 6 | Mount Batur | Sunda Arc, Bali | 84 84 | 34.6 | Ubud Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Ksudach | Kamchatka | 25 25 | 35 | Caldera II |
| 6 | Lake Mashū | Hokkaidō | 10 10 | 35.3 | Nu-p |
| 6 | Menengai | Great Rift Valley, Kenya | 26.1 26.1 | 35.6 | Menengai Tuff |
| 6 | Towada | Honshū | 46 46 | 36 | eruption episode N |
| 6 | Lake Mashū | Hokkaidō | 10 10 | 38.3 | Nu-r |
| 7 | Gorely | Kamchatka | 120 120 | 39 | Southern sea cliffs |
| 7 | Kussharo | Hokkaidō | 170 170 | 39.3 | Kp-1, Kutcharo Shoro Ash |
| 7 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | 430 430 - 680 | 39.9 | Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption |
| 5 | Galeras | Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 40 | |
| 6 | Ksudach | Kamchatka | 40 40 | 40 | Caldera I |
| 6 | Ugashik-Peulik | SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc | 30 30 | 40 | Caldera formation |
| 6? | Ulleung | South Korea | 10 10? | 40 | Ulleungdo-Yamato tephra |
| 6 | Irosin Caldera | Bicol-Leyte Volcanic Arc | 70 70 | 41 | Irosin Ignimbrites |
| 6 | Qualibou | Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles island arc | 11 11 | 42.3 | Choiseul Tuff |
| 6 | Mount St. Helens | Cascade Volcanic Arc | 10.3 10.3 | 42.5 | C (Cs, Cy, Cm, Cw, Ct) (Ape Canyon) |
| 6 | Kuttara | Hokkaidō | 14.4 14.4 DRE | 43 | Kt-1 |
| 7 | Uzon-Geyzernaya calderas | Kamchatka | 150 150 | 43.6 | Uzon ignimbrite - northern field |
| 6 | Golovnin | Kunashir, Kuril Islands | 15 15 | 43.7 | Kn III-5 Tephra |
| 6 | Mount Akagi | Honshū | 25.9 25.9 | 44 | Akagi-Kanuma pumice |
| 6 | Mendeleev | Kunashir, Kuril Islands | 60 60 | 44.5 | caldera formation |
| 7 | Opala | Kamchatka | 225 225 | 44.5 | caldera formation |
| 5-6 | Naruko | Honshū | 5 5 - 10 | 45 | Yanagisawa Tuff |
| 7 | Nemo Peak | Onekotan, Kuril Islands | 115.1 >115 | 45 | Nemo I |
| 6 | Smith Island | Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc | 49 49 | 45 | |
| 7 | Shikotsu | Hokkaidō | 350 350 - 390 | 46 | caldera formation |

## 50 to 99KA

| VEI | Volcano/complex | Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot | Material volume (km$^3$) | Age in Ka | Tephra or eruption name |
| 6 | Kuttara | Hokkaidō | 10.2 10.2 DRE | 50 | Kt-2 |
| 7 | Ōkataina Volcanic Complex | Taupō Volcanic Zone | 100 >100 DRE | 50 | Rotoiti Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | 13.1 13.1 | 51 | Santa Lucia Tephra |
| 7 | Lake Maninjau | Sunda Arc, Sumatra | 235 235 | 52 | Maninjau paroxysmal welded and unwelded tuffs |
| 6 | Mount Kujū | Kyūshū | 12.0 12 | 53.5 | Kuju-Handa pyroclastic flow (Kj-Hd), Kuju-1 Pumice (Kj-P1) |
| 6 | Skaros Caldera, Santorini | South Aegean Volcanic Arc | 13.8 13.75 | 54 | Upper Scoriae 2 |
| 6 | Kuttara | Hokkaidō | 20.1 20.1 DRE | 50 - 60 | Kt-3 |
| 5 | Torfajökull | Iceland | 44 DRE | 55.4 | Þórsmörk ignimbrite and Greenland II-RHY-1 |
| 6 | Ischia | Campanian volcanic arc | 10.1 ≥ 10 | 56 | X2 |
| 6 | Ischia | Campanian volcanic arc | 40.0 40 | 56 | Monte Epomeo Green Tuff |
| 6 | Daisen | Honshū | 40.0 40 | 59.6 | Daisen-Kurayoshi Pumice |
| 6 | Shikotsu | Hokkaidō | 50.0 50 | 60 | Shadai eruption |
| 6 | Towada | Honshū | 10.0 10 | 61 | eruption episode Q |
| 6 | Newberry Volcano | Cascade Volcanic Arc | 12.6 > 12.5 | 62.5 | Olema tephra, Paulina tephra |
| 6 | Hakone | Honshū | 20.0 20 | 66 | Hakone-Tokyo Pumice |
| 6 | Akademia Nauk | Kamchatka | 12.5 12.5 | 69.4 | Odnoboky O2 tuffs |
| 6 | Los Humeros | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 37.0 37 | 69 | Zaragoza Tuff |
| 6 | Los Humeros | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 24.0 24 | 70 | Faby Tuff |
| 6 | Pico do Fogo | Cape Verde | Un­known | 73 | |
| 5-6 | Naruko | Honshū | 5.0 5 - 10 | 73 | Nisaka Tuff |
| 8 | Lake Toba Caldera | Sunda Arc, Sumatra | 2800 2,800 - 5,300 | 74 | Youngest Toba Tuff |
| 6 | Barrier Volcano | Great Rift Valley, Kenya | 10.0 10 | 74 | caldera formation |
| 6 | Kuttara | Hokkaidō | 11.1 > 11 DRE | 75 | Kt-4 |
| 6 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | 12.4 12.35 | 80 | CA-1a Tephra |
| 6 | Bolshoy Semyachik | Kamchatka | 42.0 42 | 80 | Bol'shoi Semiachik Caldera II |
| 6 | Hakone | Honshū | 10.0 10 | 80 | Hakone-Obaradai Pumice |
| 7? | Mount Pinatubo | Luzon Volcanic Arc | 25.0 25 | 81 | Inararo Tuff |
| 6 | Etna | Campanian volcanic arc | 10.0 10 | 82.8 | X4; I-7 |
| 7 | Lago de Atitlán | Central America Volcanic Arc, Guatemala | 300 300 | 84 | Los Chocoyos eruption |
| 6 | Kuttara | Hokkaidō | 16.8 16.8 DRE | 84 | Kt-6 |
| 6 | Kussharo | Hokkaidō | 25.0 25 | 85 | Kp-2/3 |
| 6 | Kuttara | Hokkaidō | 10.8 10.8 DRE | 84 - 87 | Kt-7 |
| 7-8 | Mount Aso | Kyūshū | 930 930 - 1,860 | 87 | Aso-4 Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Kuttara | Hokkaidō | 9.9 9.9 DRE | 87 - 106 | Kt-8 |

## 100 to 299KA

| VEI | Volcano/complex | Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot | Material volume (km$^3$) | Age in Ka | Tephra or eruption name |
| 7 | Kikai Caldera | Ryukyu Islands | Un­known | 100 | Tozurahara eruption |
| 6 | Sierra la Primavera | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 90 | 100 | Tala Tuff |
| 6 | Skaros Caldera, Santorini | South Aegean Volcanic Arc | 14 | 100 | Middle Pumice |
| 6 | Ontake | Honshū | 50 | 100 | Ontake-1 Pumice |
| 6 | Rabaul | Bismarck Volcanic Arc | 10? | 100 | Boroi Ignimbrites |
| 6 | Rabaul | Bismarck Volcanic Arc | 10? | 100 | Malaguna Pyroclastics |
| 7 | Ata Caldera | Kyūshū | 350 | 100 | Ata pyroclastic deposits |
| 6 | Sanbe | Honshū | 20 | 105 | Sanbe-Kisuki pumice |
| 6 | Tangkuban Perahu | Sunda Arc, Java | ≥ 10 | 105 | Sunda Caldera |
| 7 | Lake Tōya | Hokkaidō | 230 – 310 | 106 | |
| 6 | Santo Antão | Cape Verde | 10.33 | 106 | Cão Grande I |
| 6 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | ≥ 10 | 106.2 | X5 |
| 6 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | ≥ 10 | 108.9 | X6 |
| 7 | Kussharo | Hokkaidō | 175 | 117.5 | Kp-4, Kutcharo Haboro Ash |
| 7 | Emmons Lake caldera | SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc | 220 | 124 | Old Craw Tephra |
| 7 | Mount Aso | Kyūshū | > 150 | 130 | Aso-3 Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Mount Aso | Kyūshū | 50 | 141 | Aso-2 Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Yellowstone Caldera | Yellowstone hotspot | 23? | 143 | Cold Mountain Creek Tuff |
| 7 | Calabozos | Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 150 | Loma Seca Tuff-Unit S |
| 5 | Galeras | Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 150 | |
| 7 | Kos-Nisyros Caldera | South Aegean Volcanic Arc | 110 | 161 | Kos Plateau Tuff |
| 7 | Los Humeros | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 290 DRE | 164 | Xáltipan Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Lake Akan | Hokkaidō | 56.8 (DRE) | 175 | AK-2 |
| 6 | Yellowstone Caldera | Yellowstone hotspot | 50 | 176 | Bluff Point Tuff |
| 7 | Southern Caldera, Santorini | South Aegean Volcanic Arc | Un­known | 180 | |
| 7 | Awasa Caldera | Main Ethiopian Rift | 103.5 | 182.3 | |
| 7 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | Un­known | 205 | |
| 7 | Rotorua Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 230 | Mamaku Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Maroa Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 230 | Ohakuri Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Reporoa Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 230 | Kaingaroa Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Ata Caldera | Kyūshū | > 150 | 240 | Torihama eruption |
| 7 | Kapenga Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 240 | Ohakui Ignimbrite |
| 7 | O'a Caldera | Ethiopia | 276 | 240 | Qi3 Pumice |
| 8 | Maroa Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 254 | Whakamaru Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Mount Aso | Kyūshū | Un­known | 266 | Aso-1 Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Uzon-Geyzernaya calderas | Kamchatka | 46 | 278 | Uzon ignimbrite - southern field |
| 7 | Haroharo Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 280 | Matahina Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Kapenga Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 280 | Pakai Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Lake Maninjau | Sunda Arc, Sumatra | 175 | 280 |

## 300 to 999KA

| VEI | Volcano/complex | Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot | Material volume (km$^3$) | Age in Ka | Tephra or eruption name |
| 7 | Calabozos | Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 300 | Loma Seca Tuff-Unit V |
| 7 | Kapenga Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 300 | Chimpanzee Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Vulsini | Campanian volcanic arc | 460 | 300 | Bolsena Caldera |
| 7 | Phlegraean Fields | Campanian volcanic arc | Un­known | 320 | |
| 7 | Kakutō Caldera | Kyūshū | Un­known | 321 | Kakuto Ignimbrite |
| 7? | Suiendani | Honshū | Un­known | 370 | Okuhida Pyroclastics |
| 7 | Lake Bracciano | Lazio, Italy | > 200 | 370 | Mophi Tephra |
| 6 | Roccamonfina Caldera | Campanian volcanic arc | Un­known | 390 |
| 6-7 | Medvezhia | Iturup, Kuril Islands | 90 | 410 | Medvezhia Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Toussidé | Tibesti Mountains | 150 | 430 | Yirrigué Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Pauzhetka Caldera | Kamchatka | 375 | 440 | Golygin Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Tumalo | Oregon | Un­known | 440 | Tumalo tuff |
| 7 | Aira Caldera | Kyūshū | Un­known | 450 | Oda Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Diamante Caldera | Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 450 | |
| 7 | Aira Caldera | Kyūshū | Un­known | 500 | Yoshino Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Toba Caldera | Sunda Arc, Sumatra | 138 | 500 | Middle Toba Tuff |
| 7 | Kobayashi Caldera | Kyūshū | Un­known | 520 | Kobayashi Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Galeras | Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 560 | |
| 7 | Mount Kirishima | Kyūshū | Un­known | 580 | Hiwaki Ignimbrite |
| 6? | Hōhi Volcanic Zone | Kyūshū | Un­known | 600 | Yufugawa Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Mount Lassen | Cascade Volcanic Arc | > 75 | 610 | Rockland Caldera formation |
| 8 | Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field | Yellowstone hotspot | ⩾ 1,000 | 631 | Lava Creek Tuff |
| 7 | Acatlán Volcanic Field | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | 150 | 650 | Acatlán Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Hōhi Volcanic Zone | Kyūshū | Un­known | 650 | Seiganji-Toga Tephra |
| 7 | Kamitakara | Honshū | Un­known | 650 | |
| 7 | Kapenga Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 680 | Matahana A |
| 7 | Kapenga Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 710 | Waiotapu Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Long Valley Caldera | Eastern California | 790 | 760 | Bishop Tuff |
| 7 | Kapenga Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 830 | Matahana B |
| 7 | Calabozos | Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 840 | Loma Seca Tuff-Unit L |
| 8 | Lake Toba Caldera | Sunda Arc, Sumatra | 5,290 | 840 | Toba Tuff |
| 7 | Shishimuta Caldera | Kyūshū | Un­known | 870 | Imaichi Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Tondano Caldera | North Sulawesi, Sulawesi | 600 - 950 | 870 | |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 950 | Marshall Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 970 | Unit E |

## 1 to 9.9MA

| VEI | Volcano/complex | Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot | Material volume (km$^3$) | Age in Ma | Tephra or eruption name |
| 7 | North Vate | Vanuatu | Un­known | 001 1 | Efaté Pumice Formation |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001 1 | Rocky Hill Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Shishimuta Caldera | Kyūshū | Un­known | 001 1 | Yabakei Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Tamagawa Caldera | Honshū | Un­known | 001 1 | |
| 7 | Tōnohetsuri Calderas | Honshū | Un­known | 001 1 | Saigō Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Tokachi-Mitsumata Caldera | Hokkaidō | 130 > 130 | 001 1 | |
| 8 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.01 1.01 | Kidnappers Ignimbrite |
| 8 | Awasa Caldera | Main Ethiopian Rift | 1000 | 001.09 1.09 | |
| 8 | Gakkel Ridge Caldera | Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean | 3000 | 001.1 1.1 | |
| 7 | Akademia Nauk | Kamchatka | 100 | 001.13 1.13 | Stena-Soboliny Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Kulshan Caldera | Cascade Volcanic Arc | 117 > 117.5 | 001.15 1.149 | Lake Tapps Tephra, Swift Creek Ignimbrite, Kulshan caldera formation |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.18 1.18 | Ahuroa Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Hōhi Volcanic Zone | Kyūshū | Un­known | 001.2 1.2 | Shikido Ignimbrite |
| 6 | Toba Caldera | Sunda Arc, Sumatra | Un­known | 001.2 1.2 | Haranggoal Dacite Tuff |
| 7 | Tōnohetsuri Calderas | Honshū | Un­known | 001.2 1.2 | Ashino Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.2 1.2 | Unit D |
| 8 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.21 1.21 | Ongatiti Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Valles Caldera | New Mexico, USA (Raton hotspot) | 690 | 001.22 1.223 | Upper Bandelier Tuff |
| 7 | Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field | Yellowstone hotspot | 280 > 280 (DRE) | 001.27 1.27 | Mesa Falls Tuff |
| 7 | Puricó Complex | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.3 1.3 | Puricó Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Tōnohetsuri Calderas | Honshū | Un­known | 001.4 1.4 | Kumado Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Tokachi | Hokkaidō | Un­known | 001.4 1.4 | Tokachi Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.4 1.4 | Unit C |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.53 1.53 | Unit B |
| 7 | Mangakino Caldera | Taupō Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 001.55 1.55 | Unit A |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 001.6 1.6 | Ōmine Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Valles Caldera | New Mexico, USA | 690 | 001.61 1.61 | Lower Bandelier Tuff |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 001.65 1.65 | |
| 6 | Cerro Guacha | Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex | Un­known | 001.7 1.7 | Puripica Ch0ico ignimbrite |
| 7 | Young Island | Valleny Islands | 100 | 001.7 1.7 | Eltanin |
| 7 | Bolshe-Bannaya | Kamchatka | 800 | 001.7 1.7 | |
| 7 | Mount Hotakadake | Honshū | Un­known | 001.75 1.75 | Ebisutōge-Fukuda tephras |
| 7 | Mount Hotakadake | Honshū | Un­known | 001.76 1.76 | Nyūkawa Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Valles Caldera | New Mexico, USA | 101 ⩾ 100 | 001.78 1.78 | San Diego Canyon Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Karymshina | Kamchatka | Un­known | 001.78 1.78 | |
| 7 | Lago de Atitlán | Central America Volcanic Arc, Guatemala | Un­known | 001.8 1.8 | |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 001.88 1.88 | Kitazawa Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Tokachi | Hokkaidō | Un­known | 001.9 1.9 | Biei Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 002 2 | Reishōji Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 002 2 | Ht-3 Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 002 2 | Nyūnomi Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 002 2 | Ichiuda Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Hotakadake | Honshū | Un­known | 002 2 | Sonehara Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Tamagawa Caldera | Honshū | Un­known | 002 2 | |
| 8 | Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field | Yellowstone hotspot | 2160 | 002.07 2.0794 | Huckleberry Ridge Tuff A & B |
| 7 | Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field | Yellowstone hotspot | 290 | 002.11 2.113 | Huckleberry Ridge Tuff C |
| 7 | Mount Jiigatake | Honshū | Un­known | 002.18 2.18 | Taniguchi Ignimbrite |
| 8 | Cerro Galán | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | 1030 | 002.2 2.2 | Cerro Galán Ignimbrite |
| 7? | Mount Erciyes | Turkey | Un­known | 002.5 2.52 | Valibabatepe Ignimbrite |
| ^^^^Quaternary^^^^ ||||||
| 7 | Hiwada Caldera | Honshū | Un­known | 002.8 2.8 | Hotokezawa Ignimbrite |
| 8 | Pastos Grandes Caldera | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | 1500 | 002.9 2.9 | Pastos Grandes Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Teragi Cauldron | Honshū | Un­known | 003 3.03 | Teragi Group |
| 7 | Cerro Guacha | Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex | Un­known | 003.5 3.5 | Tara Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Yunosawa Caldera | Honshū | Un­known | 003.5 3.5 | Obirakiyama Tuff |
| 8 | Pacana Caldera | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | 2800 | 004 4 | Atana Ignimbrite |
| 8 | Heise volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 004.5 4.45 | Kilgore Tuff |
| ? | Heise volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 005.5 5.51 | Conant Creek Tuff |
| 8 | Cerro Guacha | Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex | 1300 | 005.7 5.7 | Guacha ignimbrite |
| 7 | Cerro Panizos | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 006.1 6.1 | Panizos Ignimbrite |
| ? | Heise volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 006.3 6.27 | Walcott Tuff |
| 8 | Heise volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 006.6 6.62 | Blacktail Tuff |
| 7 | Black Mountain Caldera | Southwest Nevada volcanic field | Un­known | 007 7 | Thirsty Canyon Tuff |
| 7 | Pastos Grandes Caldera or Vilama Caldera | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | Un­known | 008.3 8.3 | Sifon Ignimbrite |
| ? | Twin Falls volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 008.6 8.6-10 | |
| 8 | Grey's Landing Supereruption | Yellowstone hotspot | 2800 > 2800 | 008.7 8.72 | Grey's Landing Ignimbrite |
| 8 | McMullen Supereruption | Yellowstone hotspot | 1700 > 1700 | 008.9 8.99 | McMullen Ignimbrite |

## 10MA and older

| VEI | Volcano/complex | Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot | Material volume (km$^3$) | Age in Ma | Tephra or eruption name |
| ? | Picabo volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 010 10 – 10.2 | Arbon Valley Tuffs |
| 7-8 | Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera | Yellowstone hotspot | 950 | 011 10 – 12.5 | Ashfall Fossil Beds eruption |
| 7 | Timber Mountain caldera complex | Southwest Nevada volcanic field | Un­known | 011.5 11.45 | Timber Mountain Tuff - Ammonia Tanks member |
| 8 | Timber Mountain caldera complex | Southwest Nevada volcanic field | Un­known | 011.6 11.6 | Timber Mountain Tuff - Rainer Mesa member |
| 8 | Paintbrush Caldera | Southwest Nevada volcanic field | Un­known | 012.7 12.7 | Paintbrush Tuff - Topopah Spring member |
| 8 | Paintbrush Caldera | Southwest Nevada volcanic field | Un­known | 012.8 12.8 | Paintbrush Tuff - Tiva Canyon member |
| 7 | Mount Sobo | Kyūshū | Un­known | 012.8 12.8 | |
| ? | Owyhee-Humboldt volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 012.8 13.9-12.8 | |
| 7 | Mount Katamuki | Kyūshū | Un­known | 013 13 | |
| 7 | Silent Canyon caldera complex | Southwest Nevada volcanic field | Un­known | 013 13 | Belted Range Tuff |
| 7 | Crater Flat Group | Southwest Nevada volcanic field | Un­known | 013.3 13.25 | Crater Flat Tuff, Bullfrog member |
| 7 | Shitara Caldera | Honshū | Un­known | 013.1 15.1-13.1 | |
| 8 | Ōdai Caldera | Honshū | Un­known | 013.7 13.7 | Murō Ignimbrite |
| 8 | Mount Ōkue | Kyūshū | Un­known | 013.7 13.7 | Okueyama volcano-plutonic complex |
| 7 | Mount Ishizuchi | Shikoku | Un­known | 014 14 | |
| 8 | Kumano Caldera | Honshū | Un­known | 014.4 14.4 | Kumano Acidic rocks |
| 8 | Source unknown | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | 1100 | 015 15 | Huaylillas Ignimbrite |
| 7 | McDermitt volcanic field, North | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 015 15 | Whitehorse Creek Tuff |
| ? | Lake Owyhee volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot? | Un­known | 015 15 | |
| 8 | Mount Osuzu | Kyūshū | Un­known | 015.1 15.1 | Osuzuyama volcano-plutonic complex |
| ? | Northwest Nevada volcanic field | Yellowstone hotspot? | Un­known | 015.5 16.5-15.5 | |
| 7 | McDermitt volcanic field, South | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 015.6 15.6 | Longridge Tuff member 2-3 |
| 7 | McDermitt volcanic field, South | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 015.6 15.6 | Longridge Tuff member 5 |
| 7 | McDermitt volcanic field, South | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 015.7 15.7 | Double H Tuff |
| 7 | McDermitt volcanic field, North | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 015.8 15.8 | Trout Creek Mountains Tuff |
| ? | McDermitt volcanic field, South | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 016 16 | Hoppin Peaks Tuff |
| 7 | McDermitt volcanic field, South | Yellowstone hotspot | Un­known | 016.5 16.5 | Oregon Canyon Tuff |
| 8 | Oxaya Formation | Andes, Central Volcanic Zone | 3000 | 019 19 | Oxaya Ignimbrite |
| 7 | Mount Belknap Caldera | Marysvale volcanic field | Un­known | 019 19 | Joe Lott member |
| ^^^^Neogene^^^^ ||||||
| 7 | Monroe Peak Caldera | Marysvale volcanic field | Un­known | 023 23 | Osiris Tuff |
| 8 | La Garita Caldera | San Juan volcanic field | 5000 | 027.8 27.8 | Fish Canyon Tuff |
| 8? | Bachelor | San Juan volcanic field | 1000 | 028 28 | Carpenter Ridge Tuff |
| 8 | San Juan | San Juan volcanic field | Un­known | 028 28 | Sapinero Mesa Tuff |
| 8? | Uncompahgre | San Juan volcanic field | 1000 | 028.1 28.1 | Dillon & Sapinero Mesa Tuffs |
| 8? | Platoro | San Juan volcanic field | 1000 | 028.2 28.2 | Chiquito Peak Tuff |
| 8 | Bursum | Southern New Mexico | Un­known | 028.5 28.5 | Apache Springs Tuff |
| 8 | White Rock Caldera | Indian Peak-Caliente Caldera Complex | Un­known | 029.2 29.2 | Lund Tuff |
| 8 | Sana'a Ignimbrite | Afro-Arabian | Un­known | 029.5 29.5 | Tephra 2W63 |
| 8 | Iftar Alkalb | Afro-Arabian | Un­known | 029.5 29.5 | Tephra 4 W |
| 8 | Sam Ignimbrite | Yemen | Un­known | 029.5 29.5 | Green Tuff |
| 8 | Jabal Kura'a Ignimbrite | Yemen | Un­known | 029.6 29.6 | |
| 8 | Wah Wah Springs Caldera | Indian Peak-Caliente Caldera Complex | 5900 | 030 30.06 | Wah Wah Springs Tuff |
| 8 | Windows Butte Tuff | Central Nevada | Un­known | 033 33 | Windows Butte Tuff |
| 8 | Emory Caldera | Southwestern New Mexico | Un­known | 034.9 34.9 | Kneeling Nun Tuff, City of Rocks State Park |
| 8 | Mount Princeton | Thirtynine Mile volcanic area, Colorado | Un­known | 035.3 35.3 | Wall Mountain Tuff |
| 7 | Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex | Skukum Group | Un­known | 050 50 | |
| ^^^^Paleogene^^^^ ||||||
| 8 | Deccan Traps | West-central India | Un­known | 066 66 | This volcanic episode occurred about 300,000 years after the Chicxulub meteor impact, and may have been another contributing factor towards the extinction of the dinosaurs |
| 8 | Source unknown | Honshū | Un­known | 070 70 | Noi Rhyolite |
| 8 | Ontong-Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi Plateau | Southwestern Pacific Ocean, north of the Solomon Islands | Un­known | 121 121 | Existence as a single volcano is controversial. Possibly a volcanic chain. |
| 8 | Guarapuava-Tamarana-Sarusas | Paraná and Etendeka traps | Un­known | 132 132 | Existence as a single volcano is controversial. Possibly a volcanic chain. |
| 8 | Santa Maria Fria | Paraná and Etendeka traps | Un­known | 132 132 | Existence as a single volcano is controversial. Possibly a volcanic chain. |
| 8 | Guarapuava-Ventura | Paraná and Etendeka traps | Un­known | 132 132 | Existence as a single volcano is controversial. Possibly a volcanic chain. |
| 8 | High Island Caldera | Hong Kong | Un­known | 140 140 | |
| ^^^^Cretaceous^^^^ ||||||
| 8 | Ora Caldera | Southern Alps, Italy | Un­known | 274 277–274 | Ora Formation |
| 7 | Altenberg–Teplice Caldera | The Altenberg-Teplice Volcanic Complex | Un­known | 317 325-317 | Teplice Rhyolite intra-caldera deposits |
| 8 | Cerberean Caldera | Rubicon Valley | Un­known | 374 374 | Cerberean Caldera now forms the northern part of the Marysville Igneous Complex in central Victoria at Lake Eildon National Park. |
| 8 | Glen Coe | Scotland | Un­known | 420 420 | |
| 8 | Scafells | Lake District | Un­known | 450 450+ | |