# Tazewell County, Illinois

Tazewell County (/tæzwɛl/) is located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 131,343. Its county seat and largest city is Pekin. It is pronounced with a short "a", to rhyme with "razz" rather than "raze."
Tazewell County is part of the Peoria metropolitan area. The majority of the population lives along the county's western border.

## History

Tazewell County was formed out of Peoria County in 1827. The consensus appears to be that it was named in honor of Littleton Tazewell, who served in the U.S. Senate, and who became Governor of Virginia in 1834. It is, however, possible that it was named after Littleton's father, prominent Virginia politician Henry Tazewell, after whom Tazewell County, Virginia, was named.
The first county seat was in Mackinaw from 1827 to 1836. It was moved temporarily from Mackinaw to Pekin in June 1831, with the county court proceedings in the Snell schoolhouse. It moved to Tremont in 1836. After a political struggle between Tremont and Pekin, the county seat was reassigned to Pekin in 1849.
* Tazewell from the time of its creation to 1829, including a large tract of unorganized territory temporarily attached to it, whose precise border was not defined.
* Tazewell County between 1829 and 1830: the creation of Mason County established a southern border for Tazewell's additional territory.
* Tazewell County between 1830 and 1831: the additional territory to the east became McLean County.
* Tazewell County between 1831 and 1841: the last of the county's additional territory became part of LaSalle County.
* Tazewell County in 1841, reduced to its present borders.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 658 square miles (1,700 km$^2$), of which 649 square miles (1,680 km$^2$) is land and 9.0 square miles (23 km$^2$) (1.4%) is water.

### State Fish & Wildlife Areas

The following Illinois State Park & Natural Areas are located in Tazewell County:
* Spring Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area - an 8.5-mile (13.7 km) long alluvial lake that lies parallel to the Illinois River.
* Powerton Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area - 1,426-acre (577 ha) area of semi-protected habitat on the Illinois River.
* Mackinaw River State Fish and Wildlife Area - 1,448-acre (586 ha) state park

### Climate and weather

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Pekin have ranged from a low of 14 °F (−10 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded in January 1884 and a record high of 113 °F (45 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.50 inches (38 mm) in January to 4.17 inches (106 mm) in May.

### Adjacent counties

* Peoria County (northwest)
* Woodford County (north)
* McLean County (east)
* Logan County (south)
* Mason County (southwest)
* Fulton County (west)

## Transportation
### Major highways

* Interstate 74
* Interstate 155
* Interstate 474
* U.S. Highway 24
* U.S. Highway 150
* Illinois Route 8
* Illinois Route 9
* Illinois Route 26
* Illinois Route 29
* Illinois Route 40
* Illinois Route 98
* Illinois Route 116
* Illinois Route 122

### Airports

The following public-use airports are located in Tazewell County:
* Pekin Municipal Airport (C15) - serves Pekin (Located by the Village of South Pekin, Illinois)
* Manito Mitchell Airport (C45) - serves Manito, a village in Mason County

### Public Transportation

Bus and paratransit service in Tazewell County is provided by Peoria's “CityLink” system, operating six routes (four originating from Peoria) seven days a week.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 135,394 people, 54,146 households, and 37,163 families living in the county. The population density was 208.6 inhabitants per square mile (80.5/km$^2$). There were 57,516 housing units at an average density of 88.6 per square mile (34.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 96.2% white, 1.0% black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.9% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 35.6% were German, 15.6% were American, 14.4% were Irish, and 12.0% were English.
Of the 54,146 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.4% were non-families, and 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age was 39.8 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $54,232 and the median income for a family was $66,764. Males had a median income of $50,372 versus $34,747 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,036. About 6.3% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities
### Cities

* Delavan
* East Peoria
* Marquette Heights
* Pekin (seat)
* Washington

### Villages

* Creve Coeur
* Deer Creek
* Hopedale
* Mackinaw
* Minier
* Morton
* North Pekin
* Tremont

### Census-designated place

* Armington
* Heritage Lake

### Other unincorporated communities

* Groveland
* Schaeferville

### Townships

Tazewell County is divided into these townships:
* Boynton
* Cincinnati
* Deer Creek
* Delavan
* Dillon
* Elm Grove
* Fondulac
* Groveland
* Hittle
* Hopedale
* Little Mackinaw
* Mackinaw
* Malone
* Morton
* Pekin
* Sand Prairie
* Spring Lake
* Tremont
* Washington

## Politics

Tazewell County has been solidly Republican on the national level, voting for the Republican candidate for U.S. president since 1996 and in all but two elections since 1952.
For the purposes of Illinois law, as of the 2022 general primary election, the three established political parties in the county are the Democratic Party, the Republican Party, and the Libertarian Party as all have received 5% or greater of the vote in a recent election. A relative rarity, Tazewell is one of only five counties where the Libertarian Party was an established political party in 2022. The Libertarian Party's established political party status allows it to have the same reduced barriers to ballot access as the Democratic and Republican parties and to hold primary elections. In the 2022 primary, 20 voters requested a Libertarian primary ballot.
United States presidential election results for Tazewell County, Illinois :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 42,451 | 62.02% | 24,325 | 35.54% | 1,666 | 2.43% |
| 2020 | 42,513 | 61.37% | 24,819 | 35.83% | 1,944 | 2.81% |
| 2016 | 38,707 | 59.78% | 20,685 | 31.95% | 5,359 | 8.28% |
| 2012 | 35,335 | 57.66% | 24,438 | 39.88% | 1,509 | 2.46% |
| 2008 | 33,247 | 51.90% | 29,384 | 45.87% | 1,429 | 2.23% |
| 2004 | 36,058 | 57.84% | 25,814 | 41.41% | 466 | 0.75% |
| 2000 | 31,537 | 54.05% | 25,379 | 43.50% | 1,432 | 2.45% |
| 1996 | 24,395 | 45.45% | 24,139 | 44.97% | 5,144 | 9.58% |
| 1992 | 23,469 | 39.12% | 26,428 | 44.05% | 10,097 | 16.83% |
| 1988 | 28,861 | 53.72% | 24,603 | 45.79% | 263 | 0.49% |
| 1984 | 33,782 | 59.15% | 23,095 | 40.44% | 238 | 0.42% |
| 1980 | 35,481 | 62.84% | 16,924 | 29.97% | 4,057 | 7.19% |
| 1976 | 28,951 | 55.14% | 22,821 | 43.47% | 731 | 1.39% |
| 1972 | 31,937 | 67.08% | 15,576 | 32.71% | 100 | 0.21% |
| 1968 | 22,971 | 47.44% | 20,712 | 42.77% | 4,739 | 9.79% |
| 1964 | 17,170 | 37.55% | 28,561 | 62.45% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 23,967 | 53.83% | 20,521 | 46.09% | 38 | 0.09% |
| 1956 | 23,690 | 59.27% | 16,230 | 40.61% | 50 | 0.13% |
| 1952 | 20,763 | 55.14% | 16,862 | 44.78% | 28 | 0.07% |
| 1948 | 12,504 | 46.70% | 14,131 | 52.77% | 143 | 0.53% |
| 1944 | 12,531 | 46.34% | 14,412 | 53.30% | 96 | 0.36% |
| 1940 | 12,419 | 41.18% | 17,624 | 58.44% | 116 | 0.38% |
| 1936 | 7,946 | 32.07% | 16,487 | 66.55% | 341 | 1.38% |
| 1932 | 7,260 | 34.48% | 13,591 | 64.55% | 204 | 0.97% |
| 1928 | 9,409 | 56.73% | 6,910 | 41.66% | 267 | 1.61% |
| 1924 | 7,488 | 52.11% | 3,375 | 23.49% | 3,507 | 24.41% |
| 1920 | 7,679 | 62.69% | 3,640 | 29.71% | 931 | 7.60% |
| 1916 | 6,672 | 47.56% | 6,743 | 48.07% | 613 | 4.37% |
| 1912 | 2,500 | 32.40% | 3,654 | 47.35% | 1,563 | 20.25% |
| 1908 | 3,767 | 47.55% | 3,786 | 47.78% | 370 | 4.67% |
| 1904 | 4,051 | 52.41% | 3,255 | 42.11% | 423 | 5.47% |
| 1900 | 3,957 | 48.05% | 4,048 | 49.16% | 230 | 2.79% |
| 1896 | 3,703 | 48.72% | 3,743 | 49.24% | 155 | 2.04% |
| 1892 | 3,030 | 43.63% | 3,652 | 52.59% | 262 | 3.77% |

## Education

K-12 school districts include:
* Deer Creek-Mackinaw Community Unit School District 701
* Delavan Community Unit School District 703
* Eureka Community Unit District 140
* Illini Central Community Unit School District 189
* Hartsburg-Emden Community Unit School District 21
* Midwest Central Community Unit School District 191
* Morton Community Unit School District 709
* Olympia Community Unit School District 16
* Tremont Community Unit School District 702
Secondary school districts include:
* East Peoria Community High School District 309
* Pekin Community High School District 303
* Washington Community High School District 308
Elementary school districts include:
* Central School District 51
* Creve Coeur School District 76
* District 50 Schools
* East Peoria School District 86
* North Pekin-Marquette Heights School District 102
* Pekin Public School District 108
* Rankin Community School District 98
* Robein School District 85
* South Pekin School District 137
* Spring Lake Community Consolidated School District 606
* Washington School District 52