OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pacific Maritime Association

The Pacific Maritime Association (PMA) is a non-profit organization based in San Francisco, California that represents employers of the shipping industry on the Pacific coast.

## Background

The Pacific Maritime Association was founded in 1949 as a non-profit corporation. It represented a merger of the Waterfront Employers Association (WEA) and the American Shipowners Association (ASA). Its principal business is to negotiate and administer labor agreements with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU). PMA's 72 members are cargo carriers, terminal operators, and stevedores that operate along the U.S. West Coast.
In 1960, it negotiated the Mechanization and Modernization Agreement.
As of December 2012, PMA members employed nearly 14,000 registered longshore, clerk and foreman workers at 29 west coast ports in California, Oregon, and Washington, and thousands more “casual” workers, who typically work part-time. Since the 2002 agreement that brought the widespread use of technology to the West Coast, the registered workforce has increased by 32 percent.
In 2015, it negotiated a five-year contract with the ILWU.
# Five Glens of Angus

56°49′48″N 2°56′24″W﻿ / ﻿56.830°N 2.940°W﻿ / 56.830; -2.940 The Five Glens of Angus are the five Highland glens located in the western portion of the Angus region of Scotland. The five glens are, from west to east:

## Glen Isla

Drained by the River Isla.

## Glen Prosen

Drained by the Prosen Water.

## Glen Clova

Drained by the River South Esk. Glen Clova is remarkable for its glaciated landscape, with the deep trough-heads of Glen Doll (drained by the White Water, a tributary of the South Esk) and Corrie Fee, an array of classic corries (glacial cirques) along its NE rim – notably Corrie Bonhard, Corrie of Clova, Corrie Brandy and Corrie Wharrel, and a cluster of diverse "rock slope failures" (rock slides, avalanches, and deformations) including The Rives on Cairn Broadlands, and several in the corries.
Glen Clova's 1940s postwoman, Jean Cameron, changed the uniform for women, having asked to wear trousers for her rounds, they were named 'Camerons' after her.
The village of Clova is situated towards the north of the Glen.

## Glen Lethnot

Drained by the Water of Saughs, which becomes the 'West Water'.

## Glen Esk

Drained by the River North Esk. In 2015 red kites at the Gannochy estate in Glenesk were found to have been stealing swimmers' clothing to line their nest.
# Stone ladder (Taiwan)

The stone ladder, also known as a stone container or large stone trough in its early stages when its function was not clear, is an archaeological artifact discovered in Taiwan that is now believed to have a high probability of being used as a ladder based on use-wear, morphology, and computer simulation of data.
Early studies on the stone ladder suggested that it was made of graywacke, metasandstone, and schist. However, recent observations indicate that it was more likely made of a single piece of quartz-mica slate.$^{:146,154}$
Initially, based on ethnographic analogies and references to the lifestyles of the Amis and Tao people, it was believed that the stone ladder might have been used as a feed trough for pigs. However, the observation of a single slope side, coupled with the evidence of unidirectional wear on surfaces, now supports the function of the artifact, which was primarily used as a ladder.
Subsequent observations, digital simulations, and statistical analysis have revealed that the central part of the inclined surface is smoother compared to the sides, suggesting that it was the main area used for climbing.$^{:155}$ Additionally, the first step of the ladder exhibits less use-wear, indicating that it was likely the initial point of contact during ascent. Through calculations by computer software, experts estimated that the angle of inclination for leaning against the ladder was approximately between 40 and 60 degrees, and the climbing height could reach around 110-130 centimeters.$^{:155}$
To date, a total of 14 recorded excavated stone ladders have been discovered at the Peinan Site, with an additional one found at the Laofanshe Site. These artifacts are predominantly rectangular-shaped with 5-6 ladder grooves. The solid and heavy structure of the stone ladder, along with the requirement for large stone blocks during its construction, has led some scholars to speculate that it was not used for ordinary housing purposes.
One stone ladder, excavated from the Peinan Site and known as the "Peinan Culture Rock Carving Stone Ladder," was officially designated as an important cultural artifact in 2014. It is currently stored at the National Museum of Prehistory in Taiwan.
# Veronika Vitenberg

Veronika Vitenberg (Hebrew: ורוניקה ויטנברג; born (1988-09-09)9 September 1988 in Grodno, Byelorussian SSR) is an Israeli rhythmic gymnast who competed in the 2008 Olympics.

## Career

Vitenberg started rhythmic gymnastics at age 6 in Belarus, after her schoolteacher encouraged her to enroll because of her high flexibility. At the age of 13, she immigrated to Israel.
Vitenberg competed for Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and was a member of the rhythmic gymnastics team that placed 6th in the group final.

## Personal life

Vitenberg is Jewish. She served in the Israel Defense Forces from 2007 to 2010 and received an "Athlete of Excellence" status, allowing her to continue training.
In 2009, she began to study for a B.A. degree in business management at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya.

## Competition results

* 2004 Israel Championships (2nd, individual)
* 2006 European Championships (6th, team)
* 2007 European Championships (4th, team)
* 2007 World Championships (6th, team)
* 2008 Olympic Games (6th, team)
* 2009 World Championships (5th, team)
# U. Jimshad

U.Jimshad (born 10 June 1987) is an Indian football player who last played for Gokulam Kerala FC of the I-League as a forward.

## Personal life

Jimshad Completed his BA Degree Economics from M.E.S College Mampad in 2010.

## Career

He started playing Sevens Football Tournaments and established as a player in College Level. In 2009, he played for Chennai State Bank team.

## Career statistics

    As of 6 November 2018
| Club | Season | League † | League † | League † | Cup ‡ | Cup ‡ | Cup ‡ | International * | International * | International * | Total | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists |
| Viva Kerala | 2010–11 | 26 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 26 | 1 | 4 |
| Gokulam Kerala | 2017–18 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 30 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 1 | 4 |
# Marty Radovanic

'Marty Radovanic is a news anchor on WTAJ-TV in Altoona, Pennsylvania. He previously worked as a longtime news anchor on WJAC-TV in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
At WJAC, Marty used to anchor the 6 PM newscast with Jennifer Johnson, and was a solo anchor on the 11 PM newscast until October 2017. He also served as WJAC's Managing Editor.
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Marty joined WJAC in 1974, after previous jobs on radio. He has covered many of the region's big events since he joined WJAC. His best-known coverage includes the 1977 Johnstown Flood and the Quecreek Mine Disaster and Rescue.
# Devil sticks

The manipulation of the devil stick (also devil-sticks, devilsticks, flower sticks, bâtons fleurs, stunt sticks, gravity sticks, or juggling sticks) is a form of gyroscopic juggling or equilibristics, consisting of manipulating one stick ("baton", 'center stick') between one or two other sticks held one in each hand. The baton is lifted, struck, or stroked by the two control sticks ('handsticks', 'sidesticks', or 'handles'), stabilizing the baton through gyroscopic motion.
Manipulating devil sticks is one of the circus arts and is sometimes called devil-sticking, twirling, sticking, or stick juggling.

## History

Devil sticks are believed to have originated in China in the distant past as simple wooden juggling sticks. It was apparently brought to Britain sometime around 1813, when a publication mentioned that previous generations had not known of it.
The first scientific analysis of the physics behind the game, known as "the Devil on Two Sticks," was published in 1855 by Benjamin Peirce.

## Variants

Devil sticks vary widely in size and construction materials, but the batons are generally based on one of two basic designs: tapered and straight. Tapered batons are tapered from the ends towards the middle such that the middle is thinner than the ends. Straight batons are uniform in width but have weights attached to the ends. Rarely, a hybrid design consisting of a tapered baton with weights attached to the ends is used.
Devil sticks are usually constructed of wood, plastic, aluminum, or composite materials such as fiberglass or carbon fiber. They are most often covered with an elastomer that both increases the friction coefficient (grip) between the baton and handles as well as providing some protection against repeated drops. Infrequently, other coverings such as cloth, suede, or leather are used. Even more rarely, a vinyl or mylar covering which reduces the stick's "grip" is used.
Flower sticks have flower-shaped ends which slow down the movement of the baton and make learning some moves and tricks easier. Heavier and floppier ends allow for greater control by expanding the sweet spot with more weight and increasing the duration of the control phase of a stroke or lift due to the momentum and continued motion of the 'flop' or 'tassel' on the ends of the central baton.
Fire devil sticks (also known as firesticks) typically have an aluminum core and have fuel-soaked wicks on the ends to allow them to be set on fire for visual effect. Both flower and non-flower versions of firesticks exist.
Illuminated devilsticks can create interesting visual effects in darkness with the use of battery-powered electric 'seed' bulbs; LEDs; or with phosphorescent or chemiluminescent materials.

## Gallery

* Fire devil sticks. The photographer has used a long exposure time to capture the trails of motion.
* A devil stick (right), flower stick (middle, with rubber flares to slow it down), and two smaller control sticks (left).
* 2 devilsticks and a set of handsticks
# Linda Heywood

Linda Marinda Heywood (born Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago 1945) is a Caribbean-American historian and professor of African American studies and history at Boston University. Before coming to Boston University in 2003, Heywood taught at Howard University (1984-2003).
Heywood is a specialist in African history, with a particular interest in Angola. Her dissertation, published as Contested Power in Angola dealt with the transition of the Central Highlands kingdoms (Viye, Mbailundu, Wambo and others) from independence to colonial rule and included the liberation struggle and Angolan civil war from the 1840s to the 1990s. While at Howard, Heywood taught regularly in the required Black Diaspora class and as a became engaged in research on the African Diaspora, which resulted in the publication of her edited Central Africans and Cultural Transformations book and eventually Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles and the Foundation of the Americas. A long term interest in the life of Angolan Queen Njinga resulted in the publication of Njinga of Angola in 2017.
Heywood has a BA from Brooklyn College and a PhD from Columbia University. In 2008, she shared the Herskovits Prize for her book (co-authored with her husband John Thornton) Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020.

## Selected publications

* Contested Power in Angola, 1840s to the Present. University of Rochester Press, Rochester, 2000. ISBN 1580460631
* Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora. Cambridge University Press, 2001. (editor and contributor) ISBN 978-0521802437
* Central African, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of America 1585-1660. Cambridge University Press, 2007. (with John Thornton) ISBN 978-0521770651
* Njinga of Angola: Africa's Warrior Queen. Harvard University Press, 2017. ISBN 978-0674971820
# Black Superman (Muhammad Ali)

"Black Superman (Muhammad Ali)" is a song by English songwriter Johnny Wakelin from his album of the same name. The song reached #7 on the UK Singles Chart and #21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1975.
"Black Superman (Muhammad Ali)" is a reggae version of Wakelind's song "Hungarian Superman (Joe Bugner)" (an homage to the Hungarian-born British-Australian boxer by that name) with the lyrics modified to pay tribute to boxer Muhammad Ali.
Muhammad Ali, who disliked being made fun of, shunned the song. (Source: Liner Notes to the complication album "Have a Nice Decade", from Rhino Records.)

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1974–75) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 7 |
| Canada RPM Top Singles | 1 |
| UK Singles Chart | 7 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 21 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1975) | Rank |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 16 |
# Brentford Ait

Brentford Ait is a long 4.572-acre (1.9 ha) uninhabited ait (river island) in the River Thames, without buildings, on the Tideway near Brentford in London, England.

## Ownership and size

It is administered by the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and Port of London Authority. Its west part was last accurately measured as 1.956 acres (0.8 ha); its east 2.616 acres (1.1 ha) being longer and the same width. The ait has a gap in the middle known as Hog Hole which is apparent at lower high tides, dividing the ait into "upper" and "lower" sections which are awash with water at mean high water springs.
The ait was also known as Makenshaw, Mattenshaw or Twigg Ait. For reasons likely connected with ownership the ancient parish of Kew in Surrey included Brentford Ait in its history; the London Borough of Hounslow governs neighbouring Lot's Ait separated only by thick, shifting mud at low tide from Brentford whereas channels beside the dual ait are dredged.
In the 18th century the ait was inhabited; a main building was a latter-day notorious pub, the Swan or Three Swans; its trade was ended in 1796. On the Brentford bank, the Swan Steps lead down to the river at the east end of the long and narrow park, Waterman's Park. From these the crossing to the pub ran.
The ait has borne large trees since the 1920s to screen Brentford's gasworks (since removed) from the view of Kew Gardens. The ait is covered by willows and alder and is a bird sanctuary with a significant heronry.
# Fernand Nault

Fernand Nault, OC, CQ (27 December 1920 – 26 December 2006) was a Canadian dancer and choreographer.

## Early life and career

He was born Fernand-Noël Boissonneault in Montreal. After he abandoned his original career intent of becoming a priest, he studied dance with Maurice Morenoff in Montreal and later with prominent teachers in New York City, London, and Paris.
In 1944, Nault was hired by the American Ballet Theatre at an audition in Montreal to replace an injured dancer. He went on to become a distinguished character dancer, ballet master with the company, and later director of the company's school. After twenty-one years with the company, he returned to Montreal in 1965 and accepted the invitation of Ludmilla Chiriaeff to become co-artistic director and resident choreographer of Les Grands Ballets Canadiens.

## Working in Canada

Nault's best-known work is probably his spectacular production of Casse-Noisette (The Nutcracker), which has been performed annually during the Christmas season in Montreal for many years.
Other major works include Carmina Burana, created in 1962 and given a new production in 1966 by Les Grands Ballets Canadiens for the company's season during Expo 67, and the hugely successful rock ballet Tommy, created in 1970 and based on the rock opera by The Who.
Nault was also choreographer and ballet master for the École Supérieure de Danse du Québec, the school established by Madame Chiriaeff in 1966. He remained active with Les Grands Ballets Canadiens for many years and in 1990 was named choreographer emeritus, a title he held until his death.

## Working in the United States

Besides his work for Canadian companies, he was also guest choreographer for several troupes in the United States, including the Denver Civic Ballet, the Atlanta Ballet, and the Colorado Ballet, for which he also served for a time as artistic director.

## Honors and death

Nault was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1977 and a Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Québec in 1990. In 2000, Nault received a Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's foremost honour in the performing arts. He died in Montreal the day before his 86th birthday after a long battle with Parkinson's disease.
# Harold Luxton

Sir Harold Daniel Luxton (25 June 1888 – 24 October 1957) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Kangaroo Flat to Thomas Luxton and Sarah Schooling. He was a director of J. McEwan and Company from 1910, and on 17 November 1909 married Doris Mary Lewis, with whom he had four children. He attended Melbourne Grammar School, and during World War I served with the 4th Artillery Brigade in Egypt and France and then from 1916 the Royal Air Force; he was shot down and wounded in 1917. He served on Melbourne City Council from 1919 to 1943 and was Lord Mayor from 1928 to 1931. In 1930 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Nationalist member for Caulfield. Knighted in 1932, he served in the Assembly until his retirement in 1935. He was later a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1946, which selected Melbourne for the 1956 Olympic Games. Luxton died in Dandenong in 1957.
# Diablos Rojos de Juliaca

Diablos Rojos is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Juliaca, Peru. The club was founded in 1965 and plays in Copa Perú, which is the fourth division of Peruvian league system.

## History

The club has played at the highest level of Peruvian football on five occasions, from 1983 Torneo Descentralizado until 1985 Torneo Descentralizado, and from 1987 Torneo Descentralizado until 1991 Torneo Descentralizado, when it was relegated.
In 2008 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the National stage, but was eliminated by IDUNSA of Arequipa in the quarterfinals.
In 2009 Copa Perú, the club again qualified to the National stage, but was eliminated by León de Huánuco in the semifinals.

## Rivalries

Diablos Rojos has had a long-standing rivalry with Alfonso Ugarte and Unión Carolina.

## Honours
### Senior titles
#### Keys

* Record
* $^{(s)}$ Shared record
| Type | Competition | Titles | Runner-up | Winning years | Runner-up years |
| Regional (League) | Región VII | — | 1 | — | 1983 |
| Regional (League) | Región VIII | 1 | 1 | 2008 | 2009 |
| Regional (League) | Liga Departamental de Puno | 1 | 3 | 2008 | 2009, 2023, 2024 |
| Regional (League) | Liga Superior de Puno | 1 | — | 2008 | — |
| Regional (League) | Liga Provincial de San Román | 2 | 2 | 2015, 2016 | 2014, 2023 |
| Regional (League) | Liga Distrital de Juliaca | 2 | 3 | 2014, 2023 | 2015, 2016, 2017 |
# Perforatella dibothrion

Perforatella dibothrion is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Hygromiidae.

## Distribution

This species is known to occur in:
* Slovakia
* Ukraine
# Ministop

Ministop Co., Ltd. (ミニストップ株式会社, Minisutoppu Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 9946), a member of AEON, operates the Ministop convenience store franchise chain in Japan. Unlike most other convenience stores in Japan, Ministop stores feature a kitchen that prepares sandwiches, snacks and take out bento boxes on demand, and has a seating area where customers can sit down and eat immediately.

## Products

The usual Japanese convenience store goods are available, such as magazines, manga comic books, soft drinks, contraceptives, onigiri; services include bill payment, photocopying, ticket purchase for events and ATM access. Ministop also has its own unique brand of fast food. The menu varies according to season and periodical promotions. A typical selection might include hot dogs, sandwiches, frozen desserts such as their flagship soft serve ice cream, kariman and chūkaman—baozi-style buns with various fillings.

## International operations

As of 2024, Ministop operates 164 stores in Vietnam, and is currently the only operation outside Japan.

## Former operations

Ministop also operated in China and Kazakhstan.

### South Korea

The first Ministop store in South Korea opened in November 1990 in Mok-dong, as a joint-venture with Daesang Corporation; Ministop bought Daesang's stake in the venture in 2003. As of October 2017, there were 2418 operating Ministop stores.https://minstop.com/
In January 2022, Lotte Corporation acquired the entire stake of Ministop Korea Co. for 313.37 billion won ($263 million). All the Ministop store were gradually converted to 7-Eleven after acquisition.

### Philippines

In December of 2000, the Japan-based convenience store chain Ministop made its way to the Philippines, being brought to the country by Robinsons Retail Holdings, Inc. in partnership with Ministop Japan and Mitsubishi Corporation. In January 2022, Robinsons Group assumed full ownership of the Ministop business in the Philippines with 460 branches. It was announced that the stores would be rebranded as Uncle John's, after the flagship fried chicken product sold in the Philippine market since 2006.
# Shiwa Ng'andu (constituency)

Shiwa Ng'andu is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia. It covers the towns of Bulaya, Chibesakunda, Chibwa, Chitembo, Chitumbwe, Matumbo and Mutita in Shiwang'andu District of Muchinga Province, as well as the Shiwa Ngandu estate.

## List of MPs

| Election year | MP | Party |
| 1973 | Grace Mulule | United National Independence Party |
| 1978 | Ignatius Ngosa | United National Independence Party |
| 1983 | Ignatius Ngosa | United National Independence Party |
| 1988 | Namutambili Muyoba | United National Independence Party |
| 1991 | Celestino Chibamba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy |
| 1996 | Celestino Chibamba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy |
| 2001 | Peter Filamba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy |
| 2006 | Celestino Chibamba | Patriotic Front |
| 2011 | Stephen Kampyongo | Patriotic Front |
| 2016 | Stephen Kampyongo | Patriotic Front |
| 2021 | Stephen Kampyongo | Patriotic Front |