# Rice County, Kansas

Rice County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and largest city is Lyons. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,427. The county was named in memory of Samuel Allen Rice, Brigadier-General, United States volunteers, killed April 30, 1864, at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas.

## History
### Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

### 19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.
In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1867, Rice County was established.
The Santa Fe Trail followed the route of present-day U.S. Route 56. Ruts in the earth from the trail are still visible in several locations. (Ralph's Ruts are visible in aerial photos at 38°21′35″N 98°25′20″W﻿ / ﻿38.35959264°N 98.42225502°W﻿ / 38.35959264; -98.42225502.)
In 1878, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and parties from Marion and McPherson counties chartered the Marion and McPherson Railway Company. In 1879, a branch line was built from Florence to McPherson; in 1880 it was extended to Lyons, then in 1881 was extended to Ellinwood. The line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The line from Florence to Marion, was abandoned in 1968. In 1992, the line from Marion to McPherson was sold to Central Kansas Railway. In 1993, after heavy flood damage, the line from Marion to McPherson was abandoned. The original branch line connected Florence, Marion, Canada, Hillsboro, Lehigh, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Conway, Windom, Little River, Mitchell, Lyons, Chase and Ellinwood.
* Samuel Allen Rice in 1864
* 1845 Santa Fe Trail crossing Rice County
* 1915-1918 Railroad Map of Rice County
* Bushton Grain Elevators (2004)

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 728 square miles (1,890 km$^2$), of which 726 square miles (1,880 km$^2$) is land and 1.7 square miles (4.4 km$^2$) (0.2%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

* Ellsworth County (north)
* McPherson County (east)
* Reno County (south)
* Stafford County (southwest)
* Barton County (northwest)

### National protected area

* Quivira National Wildlife Refuge (part)

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 10,761 people, 4,050 households, and 2,830 families residing in the county. The population density was 15 people per square mile (5.8 people/km$^2$). There were 4,609 housing units at an average density of 6 per square mile (2.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 94.68% White, 1.15% Black or African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.84% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. 5.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 4,050 households, out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.10% were married couples living together, 7.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.10% were non-families. 27.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.70% under the age of 18, 13.30% from 18 to 24, 22.80% from 25 to 44, 21.30% from 45 to 64, and 18.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 92.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $35,671, and the median income for a family was $40,960. Males had a median income of $31,175 versus $18,968 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,064. About 8.50% of families and 10.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 8.20% of those age 65 or over.

## Government
### Presidential elections

United States presidential election results for Rice County, Kansas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 3,073 | 77.39% | 825 | 20.78% | 73 | 1.84% |
| 2020 | 3,262 | 75.53% | 965 | 22.34% | 92 | 2.13% |
| 2016 | 2,837 | 74.58% | 695 | 18.27% | 272 | 7.15% |
| 2012 | 2,676 | 72.70% | 911 | 24.75% | 94 | 2.55% |
| 2008 | 2,780 | 69.14% | 1,163 | 28.92% | 78 | 1.94% |
| 2004 | 3,182 | 72.71% | 1,130 | 25.82% | 64 | 1.46% |
| 2000 | 2,903 | 64.23% | 1,422 | 31.46% | 195 | 4.31% |
| 1996 | 2,842 | 59.34% | 1,434 | 29.94% | 513 | 10.71% |
| 1992 | 2,158 | 40.94% | 1,555 | 29.50% | 1,558 | 29.56% |
| 1988 | 2,503 | 53.89% | 2,033 | 43.77% | 109 | 2.35% |
| 1984 | 3,598 | 68.68% | 1,559 | 29.76% | 82 | 1.57% |
| 1980 | 3,211 | 57.67% | 1,847 | 33.17% | 510 | 9.16% |
| 1976 | 2,584 | 44.82% | 3,056 | 53.01% | 125 | 2.17% |
| 1972 | 3,843 | 66.22% | 1,825 | 31.45% | 135 | 2.33% |
| 1968 | 3,141 | 56.23% | 2,049 | 36.68% | 396 | 7.09% |
| 1964 | 2,390 | 39.19% | 3,665 | 60.10% | 43 | 0.71% |
| 1960 | 4,329 | 64.81% | 2,328 | 34.85% | 23 | 0.34% |
| 1956 | 4,638 | 70.48% | 1,926 | 29.27% | 17 | 0.26% |
| 1952 | 5,572 | 74.51% | 1,832 | 24.50% | 74 | 0.99% |
| 1948 | 4,002 | 58.15% | 2,752 | 39.99% | 128 | 1.86% |
| 1944 | 4,024 | 61.12% | 2,505 | 38.05% | 55 | 0.84% |
| 1940 | 4,792 | 56.49% | 3,635 | 42.85% | 56 | 0.66% |
| 1936 | 3,318 | 40.24% | 4,905 | 59.49% | 22 | 0.27% |
| 1932 | 3,107 | 49.33% | 3,037 | 48.22% | 154 | 2.45% |
| 1928 | 4,321 | 74.05% | 1,462 | 25.06% | 52 | 0.89% |
| 1924 | 3,920 | 68.53% | 1,303 | 22.78% | 497 | 8.69% |
| 1920 | 3,651 | 68.95% | 1,532 | 28.93% | 112 | 2.12% |
| 1916 | 2,494 | 42.62% | 2,801 | 47.86% | 557 | 9.52% |
| 1912 | 697 | 20.57% | 1,314 | 38.77% | 1,378 | 40.66% |
| 1908 | 1,832 | 51.35% | 1,407 | 39.43% | 329 | 9.22% |
| 1904 | 1,994 | 64.16% | 727 | 23.39% | 387 | 12.45% |
| 1900 | 2,013 | 54.42% | 1,527 | 41.28% | 159 | 4.30% |
| 1896 | 1,729 | 48.75% | 1,731 | 48.80% | 87 | 2.45% |
| 1892 | 1,724 | 46.78% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,961 | 53.22% |
| 1888 | 1,851 | 57.79% | 934 | 29.16% | 418 | 13.05% |

### Laws

The Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 to allow the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with the approval of voters, either with or without a minimum of 30% of sales coming from food. Rice County is one of 35 counties in the state that allows for the sale of liquor by the drink without the minimum food sales stipulation.

## Education
### Colleges

* Sterling College in Sterling

### Unified school districts

* Sterling USD 376
* Chase–Raymond USD 401
* Lyons USD 405
* Little River–Windom USD 444

#### School district office in neighboring county

* Central Plains USD 112

## Communities

List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Rice County.

### Cities

* Alden
* Bushton
* Chase
* Frederick
* Geneseo
* Little River
* Lyons (county seat)
* Raymond
* Sterling

### Unincorporated communities

* Mitchell
* Pollard
* Saxman
* Silica

### Ghost towns

* Crawford
* Galt

### Townships

Rice County is divided into twenty townships. The cities of Lyons and Sterling are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

## Trivia

The CW television series Superman & Lois places Superman's home town of Smallville in Rice County ("Pilot").