# Jefferson County, Mississippi

Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi; its western border is formed by the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,260, making it the fourth-least populous county in Mississippi. Until 1825, its first county seat was located at Old Greenville, which no longer exists, before moving to Fayette. The county is named for U.S. President Thomas Jefferson. One of the first of two counties organized in the Mississippi Territory in 1798 along with Adams County, it was first named Pickering County and included what would become Claiborne County. Originally developed as cotton plantations in the antebellum era, the rural county has struggled with a declining economy and reduced population since the mechanization of agriculture and urbanization of other areas. In 2020, its population of 7,260 was roughly one-third of the population peak in 1900. Within the United States, in 2009 rural Jefferson County had the highest percentage of African-Americans of any county. It was the fourth-poorest county in the nation.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 527 square miles (1,360 km$^2$), of which 520 square miles (1,300 km$^2$) is land and 7.3 square miles (19 km$^2$) (1.4%) is water.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 61
* Mississippi Highway 28
* Mississippi Highway 33

### Adjacent counties

* Claiborne County (north)
* Copiah County (northeast)
* Lincoln County (southeast)
* Franklin County (south)
* Adams County (southwest)
* Tensas Parish, Louisiana (west)

### National protected areas

* Homochitto National Forest (part)
* Natchez Trace Parkway (part)

## Demographics

Jefferson County by race as of 2020 :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White | 891 | 12.27% |
| Black or African American | 6,138 | 84.55% |
| Native American | 10 | 0.14% |
| Asian | 14 | 0.19% |
| Pacific Islander | 5 | 0.07% |
| Other/Mixed | 128 | 1.76% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 74 | 1.02% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 7,260 people, 2,448 households, and 1,488 families residing in the county.

## Education

Jefferson County School District operates public schools in all of the county.
It is in the district of Copiah–Lincoln Community College, and has been since 1967.

## Communities
### City

* Fayette (county seat)

### Unincorporated communities

* Cannonsburg
* Church Hill
* Harriston
* Lorman
* McBride
* Red Lick
* Union Church

### Ghost towns or defunct

* Ashland (or Ashland Landing)
* Cane Ridge
* Coon Box
* Gum Ridge
* Old Greenville
* Rodney
* Shankstown
* Uniontown

## Politics

Jefferson County is overwhelmingly Democratic, and has supported Democratic candidates in presidential elections with at least 80% of the vote since Bill Clinton in 1992, who won 79%. Republicans have not garnered even 25% of the vote in presidential elections since 1972 (when Jefferson was one of only three counties in Mississippi to vote for George McGovern).
The last Republican to win the county was Barry Goldwater. Although Goldwater lost nationally in a landslide, he carried the state of Mississippi (and also Jefferson County) in a landslide, winning over 87% of the vote and carrying every county. Jefferson County supported him with 95% of the vote. Goldwater's lopsided victory was the result of Mississippi's decades-long suppression of the voting rights of African Americans, which only began to be reversed with the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
United States presidential election results for Jefferson County, Mississippi :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 541 | 16.40% | 2,727 | 82.66% | 31 | 0.94% |
| 2020 | 531 | 13.59% | 3,327 | 85.13% | 50 | 1.28% |
| 2016 | 490 | 12.69% | 3,337 | 86.45% | 33 | 0.85% |
| 2012 | 468 | 10.56% | 3,951 | 89.13% | 14 | 0.32% |
| 2008 | 551 | 12.30% | 3,883 | 86.71% | 44 | 0.98% |
| 2004 | 630 | 18.16% | 2,821 | 81.32% | 18 | 0.52% |
| 2000 | 600 | 17.61% | 2,786 | 81.75% | 22 | 0.65% |
| 1996 | 489 | 15.68% | 2,531 | 81.15% | 99 | 3.17% |
| 1992 | 562 | 15.96% | 2,796 | 79.39% | 164 | 4.66% |
| 1988 | 702 | 20.64% | 2,693 | 79.18% | 6 | 0.18% |
| 1984 | 856 | 21.88% | 3,049 | 77.94% | 7 | 0.18% |
| 1980 | 751 | 20.17% | 2,871 | 77.09% | 102 | 2.74% |
| 1976 | 782 | 22.83% | 2,562 | 74.78% | 82 | 2.39% |
| 1972 | 1,131 | 43.37% | 1,457 | 55.87% | 20 | 0.77% |
| 1968 | 147 | 4.35% | 2,121 | 62.75% | 1,112 | 32.90% |
| 1964 | 1,258 | 94.80% | 69 | 5.20% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 137 | 12.52% | 229 | 20.93% | 728 | 66.54% |
| 1956 | 189 | 19.65% | 440 | 45.74% | 333 | 34.62% |
| 1952 | 610 | 53.09% | 539 | 46.91% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 14 | 1.41% | 15 | 1.51% | 967 | 97.09% |
| 1944 | 25 | 3.16% | 766 | 96.84% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 7 | 0.87% | 801 | 99.13% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 9 | 1.01% | 884 | 98.88% | 1 | 0.11% |
| 1932 | 24 | 3.07% | 753 | 96.29% | 5 | 0.64% |
| 1928 | 63 | 7.05% | 830 | 92.95% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 50 | 9.14% | 497 | 90.86% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1920 | 14 | 3.15% | 430 | 96.63% | 1 | 0.22% |
| 1916 | 3 | 0.65% | 456 | 99.13% | 1 | 0.22% |
| 1912 | 2 | 0.46% | 408 | 94.66% | 21 | 4.87% |

## Notable people

* Abijah Hunt, merchant who lived in Old Greenville during the Territorial Period, and owned a chain of stores and public cotton gins along the Natchez Trace
* David Hunt, Antebellum planter who lived on Woodlawn Plantation in Jefferson County, and became one of 12 planter millionaires in the Natchez District before the American Civil War.
* Zachary Taylor, U.S. president, planter, and soldier who often stayed on his plantation, Cypress Grove in Jefferson County, between 1840 and 1848.