OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stewart Faulkner

Stewart St. Ledger Faulkner (born 19 February 1969) is a male retired British athlete who competed in the men's long jump. At 1.93 metres tall, he weighed 86 kilograms.

## Athletics career

He was born in Northampton, Northamptonshire, to parents of Jamaican-Cuban descent. Although his career was plagued by severe tarsal tunnel syndrome (a trapped nerve in his take off foot), he achieved relative success early in his track life. After winning a silver medal at the European Junior Championships in Birmingham in 1987, he went on to represent Great Britain at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, where he just missed reaching the final. The following year he established himself as No. 6 in the Track and Field News IAAF Long Jump World Merit rankings. He represented England in the long jump event, at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand.
Despite the premature end to his international career, Faulkner was described as an exceptional and precocious talent and still holds national records in the junior indoor and under-23 indoor categories.
Faulkner is a life member of Birchfield Harriers.
# Hypsiglena torquata

Hypsiglena torquata, the Sinaloan night snake, is a species of rear-fanged colubrid. It is endemic western Mexico. It is characterized by dark brown systematic blotches down its back and sides, a bar behind each eye, vertical pupils, and neck adornment. It is active in the twilight and at night. It is not dangerous to humans.

## Morphology and physiology
### Description

Total length is 12–26 in (30–66 cm). It is pale gray, light brown, or beige in color, with dark grey or brown blotches on the back and sides. The night snake's head is rather flat and triangular-shaped and usually has a pair of dark brown blotches on the neck. It also has a black or dark brown bar behind the eyes that contrasts against the white or pale gray upper labial scales. It has prominent eyes with vertical pupils. The belly is white or yellowish. Females are usually longer and heavier than males.

### Venom

Although the night snake poses no threat to humans, it is slightly venomous and uses this venom to subdue its prey.

## Distribution and habitat

The night snake is endemic to Mexico. Not much is known as far as population densities and exact range due to the highly cryptic nature of the night snake.

## Ecology
### Behavior

Night snakes are known to be both crepuscular (most active at dawn and dusk), and nocturnal. They are usually seen at night while crossing roads, but can be found under rocks, boards, dead branches and other surface litter during the day. Night snakes hibernate during the winter months, and are known to aestivate during periods of the summer. They are generally most active from April to October, with peaks of activity usually occurring in June. If threatened, the night snake may coil up and thrust its coils at the threat, while flattening its head into a triangular defensive shape.

### Diet

Their main prey is lizards. A study in southwestern Idaho found that a related species of night snake's (Hypsiglena chlorophaea) diet consisted mostly of side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) and their eggs. Other prey includes juvenile rattlesnakes and blind snakes, salamanders, frogs, and large insects.

### Reproduction

Night snakes mate in the spring, and females lay a clutch of 2–9 eggs from April to August. Eggs hatch in 7 to 8 weeks, usually in late summer. Males reach sexual maturity after one year.
# Willy Wilson (baseball)

William Wilson (January 7, 1884 – October 28, 1925) was a professional baseball pitcher. He appeared in one game in Major League Baseball in 1906 for the Washington Senators. He made his lone appearance on the last day of the season, October 3, pitching a seven-inning complete game against the Boston Americans and losing, 2-1.
# David McNiven (footballer, born 1955)

David Scott McNiven (born 9 September 1955) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Club career

Born in Stonehouse, McNiven played for Leeds United, Bradford City, Blackpool, Pittsburgh Spirit, Halifax Town and Morecambe. He joined Leeds United at the age of 15, having been scouted by the club.
McNiven signed for Bradford City in February 1978 from Leeds, leaving in February 1983 to join Blackpool. He scored 66 goals in 245 appearances for the club in all competitions: 64 goals in 212 league appearances, two goals in 11 FA Cup appearances, and no goals in 22 FL Trophy appearances.
He made his debut for Blackpool in 1983, scoring the only goal in a victory over Rochdale at home. He started every subsequent game in the 1982–83 campaign, scoring four more goals as the club finished fourth-bottom of Division 4 and had to seek re-election. The following season saw McNiven make 32 League appearances and score six goals. He also scored one of the two goals that put Blackpool into the Fourth Round of the FA Cup at the expense of Manchester City.

## International career

He earned three caps for the Scotland under-21 team.

## Family

His sons David and Scott are both footballers as well, while his uncle Tom was a coach.

## Sources

* Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887-1992.
* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903-1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# Eta invariant

In mathematics, the eta invariant of a self-adjoint elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold is formally the number of positive eigenvalues minus the number of negative eigenvalues. In practice both numbers are often infinite so are defined using zeta function regularization. It was introduced by Atiyah, Patodi, and Singer (1973, 1975) who used it to extend the Hirzebruch signature theorem to manifolds with boundary. The name comes from the fact that it is a generalization of the Dirichlet eta function.
They also later used the eta invariant of a self-adjoint operator to define the eta invariant of a compact odd-dimensional smooth manifold.
Michael Francis Atiyah, H. Donnelly, and I. M. Singer (1983) defined the signature defect of the boundary of a manifold as the eta invariant, and used this to show that Hirzebruch's signature defect of a cusp of a Hilbert modular surface can be expressed in terms of the value at s=0 or 1 of a Shimizu L-function.

## Definition

The eta invariant of self-adjoint operator A is given by η$_A$(0), where η is the analytic continuation of
    $\eta (s)=\sum _{\lambda \neq 0}{\frac {\operatorname {sign} (\lambda )}{|\lambda |^{s}}}$
and the sum is over the nonzero eigenvalues λ of A.
# Bofors 40 Mk4

The Bofors 40 Mk4 naval gun system is a lightweight multi-purpose naval cannon. It fires programmable Bofors 40 mm 3P all-target ammunition to engage ships, aircraft, anti-ship missiles and shore targets. It is a modern naval version of the Bofors 40 mm L/70۔ The gun can engage targets in less than 0.5 seconds after warning.

## Ammunition

Bofors 40 mm 3P all-target programmable ammunition allows six modes including three proximity fuzing modes. This increases the flexibility and effectiveness of the gun system, which has further reduced the reaction time of the gun and it is possible to choose ammunition mode at the moment of firing, giving it the ability to switch rapidly between surface targets, air targets, and ground targets. Along with the 40 mm 3P, the gun can also fire other Bofors 40 mm L/70 ammunition and has the capability to rapidly switch between ammunition.

## Variants

* Bofors 40 mm Mk 4 L Tridon Mk2: land-based version to install on vehicles such as RMMV HX.

## Users
### Current users

* Belgium
** Belgian Navy
*** City-class mine countermeasures vessel
* Brazil
** Brazilian Navy
*** Macaé-class patrol vessel: Maracanã
* Finland
** Finnish Navy
*** Hamina-class missile boat
* Japan
** Japanese Coast Guard
*** Japanese patrol vessel Shunkō
* Netherlands
** Royal Netherlands Navy
*** City-class mine countermeasures vessel
* Sweden
** Swedish Navy

### Future users

* United Kingdom
** Royal Navy
*** Type 31 frigate
# Haroon Al Rashid

Haroon Al Rashid is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a former member of parliament for Brahmanbaria-3.

## Career

Rashid was elected to parliament from Brahmanbaria-3 as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 1991, 1996, and 2001.
# Congo

Congo or The Congo may refer to:
* Congo River, in central Africa
* Congo Basin, the sedimentary basin of the river
* Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, sometimes referred to as "Congo-Kinshasa"
* Republic of the Congo, the smaller country to the northwest, sometimes referred to as "Congo-Brazzaville"

## Places
### Africa

* Congo Canyon, a submarine canyon
* Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1914)
* Kingdom of Kakongo (15th century–1885)
* Congo Free State (1885–1908)
* Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) or Congo-Léopoldville (1960–1971)
* People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992)
* M'banza Congo, capital of Zaire Province in Angola
* Kongo, Ghana, town in Ghana
* Kongo, Liberia, small town in Liberia

#### Former colonies

* Belgian Congo (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo)
* French Congo (modern-day Republic of the Congo)
* Portuguese Congo (modern-day Kabinda, Angola)

### United States

* Congo, Alabama
* Congo, Missouri
* Congo, Pennsylvania
* Congo, West Virginia
* Congo Cay, United States Virgin Islands

### Elsewhere

* Congo, New South Wales, Australia
* Congo, Paraíba, Brazil
* Congo River (disambiguation), a list of rivers with the name
* Congo Town, a village in Andros Island, Bahamas
* Congo Volcano or Congo Mountain, in Costa Rica

## Languages and ethnic groups

* Niger–Congo languages
** Kongo languages
*** Kongo language, a Bantu language
* Kongo people, a Bantu ethnic group

## Arts and entertainment
### Music

* The Congos, a reggae vocal group from Jamaica
** Congo (album), 1979
* "Congo" (song), by Genesis, 1997
* Kongos (band), a South African American band

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

* Congo (novel), a 1980 novel by Michael Crichton
** Congo (film), a 1995 film based on the novel
* Congo (chess variant), using a 7×7 gameboard
* Congo (pinball), a 1995 pinball machine
* Congo (TV series), a 2001 nature documentary
* Congo – A Political Tragedy, a 2018 documentary film
* Congo: The Epic History of a People, a 2010 book by David van Reybrouck
* Kongo (film), a 1932 American film

## People

* Edwin Congo (born 1976), Colombian footballer
* Louis Congo (fl. 1725), emancipated slave appointed public executioner of French Louisiana
* Richard Congo (born 1961), American basketball player
* Cheick Kongo (born 1975), French mixed martial arts fighter and kickboxer
* John Kongos (born 1945), South African singer and songwriter
* Kongo Kong, wrestling ring name of Steven Wilson (born 1979)

## Other uses

* Congo (chimpanzee), a chimpanzee who learned how to draw and paint
* Congo (loa), a voodoo spirit
* Congo Airways, the flag carrier of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Congo Airlines, a former airline
* HMS Congo (1816), a Royal Navy ship
* Conference of NGOs (CoNGO), a membership association of non-governmental organizations
* Kongo University, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Congo Brands, the manufacturer of Prime (drink)
# Chicago Parking Meters

Chicago Parking Meters, LLC, also known as ParkChicago, is an American company with several investors that owns the parking meters in the city of Chicago, Illinois. The company has gained notoriety for its roots in the sale of the City of Chicago's parking meters to private investors, considered a financial disaster for the city.

## History

During the 2008 financial crisis, the City of Chicago faced a major budget deficit, which prompted then-Mayor Richard M. Daley to propose the sale of city-owned parking meters. Brokers affiliated with Morgan Stanley then formed an LLC called "Chicago Parking Meters LLC" to facilitate a potential deal with the city over the sale of the meters. By December 3, 2008, a deal was made to sell all 36,000 of the parking meter spots in the city for 75 years for $1.15 billion. The deal was approved and finalized on December 4, 2008. When the deal went through, prices increased and many meters were vandalized in the initial rollout. As of 2023, the investors in CPM LLC have recouped their investment plus $500 million, and still have 60 years left on the deal.

## Criticism

The contract has been widely criticized as a negative example of privatization. Part of the deal is that if any of the metered parking spots are not available as such, for any reason—i.e., parades, street maintenance, electrification for electric vehicles, bike lanes, or outdoor seating—then the city has to compensate the LLC for their projected losses. Because compensation costs are so expensive, it had been criticized for limiting development of city infrastructure.

### Investors

The investors in the LLC according to the City of Chicago are listed below. Matt Taibbi in Griftopia claims that Deeside investments owns 49.9% (and possibly a controlling share) and Redoma S.a.r.l. owns 50.1%.
| Investor | Percentage interest in disclosing party | Country | Direct or indirect ownership |
| Morgan Stanley Infrastructure Partners LP | 11.415 | USA | direct |
| Morgan Stanley Infrastructure Partners A Sub LP | 38.032 | USA | direct |
| Morgan Stanley Infrastructure Partners A Chicago Meters Blocker, LLC | 31.403 | USA | indirect |
| Morgan Stanley Infrastructure Partners A LP | 31.403 | USA | indirect |
| Morgan Stanley Offshore Infrastructure Partners A LP | 24.061 | USA | direct |
| Deeside Investments, Inc. | 49.9 | USA | direct |
| Redoma S.a.r.l. | 24.9999 | Luxembourg | indirect |
| Tannadice Investments, LLC | 24.9001 | USA | indirect |
| Abu Dhabi Investment Authority | 24.9001 | UAE | indirect |
| Allianz Lebensversicherungs – Aktiengesellschaft | 21.249915 | Germany | indirect |
| Allianz Deutschland AG | 24.9999 | Germany | indirect |
| Allianz SE | 24.9999 | Germany | indirect |
# Capsize (band)

Capsize is an American hardcore punk band from San Diego, California.

## History

Capsize released their first full-length album, Set Sail, in 2010.
In 2014 Equal Vision Records signed Capsize and they released their second full-length album, titled The Angst In My Veins. Music videos were made for the songs "Linger", "Pale", "The Angst In My Veins" and "Calming, Crippling"
In 2015 they headlined a tour with To The Wind and Exalt. They also made a U.S. and European Tour with Senses Fail and Silverstein.
In 2016, Capsize released their third full-length album titled A Reintroduction: The Essence of All That Surrounds Me. Music videos were made for "XX (Sew My Eyes)", "Tear Me Apart""Favorite Secret" and "The Same Pain"
That year they went on several tours with bands like Being As An Ocean, More To Monroe and Vanna. They also take part on the So What?! Music Festival and the Foundation Fest headlined by Atreyu.
In 2018 they lined up a West Coast run with Thousand Below and Dead Lakes.
In 2019, Daniel Wand and Nick Lopez of Capsize were accused of sexual misconduct allegations, including sexually propositioning underage girls. This caused the band to cancel their European tour and drop off their upcoming tour with Blessthefall. Following the allegations against Wand and Lopez, the band deleted both their Facebook and Twitter accounts and subsequently broke up.
On September 16, 2022, Capsize released their first song in 4 years, "Fading Face".
# Arthur Noel Edwards

Captain Arthur Noel Edwards (10 December 1883 – 25 May 1915) was an English polo player who was an alternate in the 1911 and 1913 International Polo Cup.

## Origins

He was born on 10 December 1883, the second son of Arthur Edwards of Beech Hill Park, Waltham Abbey, Essex, by his wife Hilda Tennant, a daughter of Robert Tennant (1828–1900) of Chapel House in the parish of Conistone, Yorkshire, Member of Parliament for Leeds. His brother was the cricketer Guy Janion Edwards (1881–1962).

## Career

Arthur Noel Edwards participated in the 1911 and 1913 International Polo Cup at the Meadowbrook Polo Club as an alternate.
He was a Captain in the 9th Queen's Royal Lancers and died in World War I on 25 May 1915 as the result of a poison gas attack by the Germans during the Second Battle of Ypres. He was buried in Bailleul Communal Cemetery Extension.
He was later re-interred in High Beech, and there is a memorial to him in the Church of the Holy Innocents, High Beach, Epping, in Essex.
# TCDD 5701 Class

The TCDD (Turkish Republic Railways) 5701 Class is a class of 2-10-2 side tank steam locomotives for banking at Bilecik. They were the last new main line steam locomotives built for TCDD. Two were built by Henschel in 1951 and two by Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik in 1952 based on the German DRG BR 85. The first member of the class, 5701, survives at the Çamlık Railway Museum.
# Yukio Endō

Yukio Endō (遠藤 幸雄, Endō Yukio, January 18, 1937 – March 25, 2009) was a Japanese artistic gymnast, Olympic champion and world champion. He was part of the first Japanese team that succeeded to win gold medals in the team event at the Summer Olympics (1960) and World Championships (1962). In 1964 he won the first individual all-around Olympic gold medal for Japan. He was the flag bearer at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

## Early life

Endō was born into a family of pharmacists. His mother died from tuberculosis when he was a nine-year-old student at Hiroomote Elementary School. He studied at Kubota Junior High School and Akita Technical High School, after which he studied at the Tokyo University of Education (now the University of Tsukuba), graduating in 1959. He later worked as assistant instructor of physical education at Nihon University.

## Career

Endō won gold medals with the Japanese team in three Olympics, in 1960, 1964 and 1968. At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, he also received two individual gold medals, in parallel bars, and in individual all-around.
Endō received six individual medals at the 1962 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, including a gold medal in floor exercise, and Japan also won the team competition.
He received two individual silver medals at the 1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, and Japan won the team competition.
Endō was a four-time Japanese all-around champion.
He retired after the 1968 Olympics to become a gymnastics coach and eventually professor at Nihon University. He also coached the national team at the 1972 Olympics, acted as director of the Japanese Olympic Committee and was twice appointed as vice-president of the Japan Gymnastic Association. In 1996, he received the Japanese Emperor's Medal, and in 1999 induced into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.
Endō died of esophageal cancer on March 25, 2009.
# Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon

Korea Army Academy (Yeongcheon) or KAAY is a military academy of the Republic of Korea Army for training officer cadets. Commonly known as "Choongsungdae" (Korean: 충성대, Hanja: 忠誠臺) as a reference to its loyalty and devotion to the country, it produces the largest number of junior officers in the Korean Army. The current Superintendent of the academy is Major General Ko Chang-Jun

## Campus

The main campus is located in Yeongcheon, a south district of North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Certain areas of the campus is open to the public on weekends. Visitors without South Korean citizenship must notify the academy at least a week in advance to obtain permission for entry.

## Admission

The academy only accepts students who have completed their 1st and 2nd year of undergraduate studies (or an equivalent qualification recognized by the academy), and trains only junior and senior cadets (i.e. 3rd and 4th year of undergraduate studies).

## Education

All cadets graduate with a bachelor's degree with majors in military science and another chosen major and are commissioned as 2nd lieutenant of the Korean army. KAAY also actively engages in exchange partnerships with nearby US military units including USAG Daegu, 19th ESC, and Camp Mujuk.
# Gisbert zu Knyphausen

Gisbert Wilhelm Enno Freiherr zu Innhausen und Knyphausen (born 23 April 1979 in Wiesbaden) is a German singer-songwriter from the Rheingau in Hesse.

## Development

After a stay in Berlin, zu Knyphausen studied Music Therapy in Nijmegen in the Netherlands. In August 2005 he founded the Indie–Label Omaha Records together with Philipp Heintze. In the following autumn he played his first solo gig under his own name. He has since switched to using a whole band in his performances. His debut album, Gisbert zu Knyphausen was launched on 25 April 2008 by PIAS Germany. It contains solistic songs accompanied by a band. Gisbert zu Knyphausen's lyrics are often melancholic but also have a hopeful character. He mentions ClickClickDecker, Ton Steine Scherben and Element of Crime as his musical and lyrical influences. Zu Knyphausen lived in Hamburg from October 2006 to April 2010, before he moved to Berlin. On 23 April 2010 his album Hurra! Hurra! So nicht was released. In 2017 the album Das Licht dieser Welt made the top ten in Germany.

## Review

Zu Knyphausen's debut album received generally positive reviews and was called an "outstanding release" of early summer 2008. His songs have been described as laconic narratives with wry, sometimes sharp humor. Using minimal instrumental backing and the diction of the former century, he still manages to appeal to a young audience, perhaps because the Weltschmerz in his songs nevertheless hints at a some hope farther off

## Discography
### Albums

* Gisbert zu Knyphausen (2008)
* Hurra! Hurra! So nicht (2010)
* Das Licht dieser Welt (2017)

### Singles

* Spieglein, Spieglein (2006/Sommertag EP)
* Sommertag (2008/Gisbert zu Knyphausen)
* Melancholie (2010/Hurra! Hurra! So nicht)
# Gary LaPaille

Gary J. LaPaille (March 14, 1954 – December 1, 2022) was an American politician and businessman.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, LaPaille graduated from Loyola University Chicago with a degree in business. LaPaille was chairman of the Illinois Democratic Party 1990–1998. In 1990, Crain's Chicago Business named him as one of their 40 Under 40 individuals who were prominent in business and/or government. He served as a Democratic member of the Illinois State Senate 1993–1994. During his time in the Senate, he was the minority spokesman on the Local Government & Elections Committee. His other committee assignments included The Committee on Agriculture & Conservation and the Committee on Financial Institutions. He was also the Managing Director of Chestnut Hill Partners; an executive search firm.
LaPaille was president of mCapitol Management, Inc, a business and political consulting business. LaPaille died from complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis December 1, 2022, at the age of 68.
# Launchpad (album)

Launchpad is the debut album by Particle.

## Track listing

* "Launchpad" (7:17)
* "Metropolics" (3:39)
* "The Elevator" (7:31)
* "Below Radar" (5:24)
* "The Banker" (6:10)
* "Kneeknocker" (8:41)
* "Road's a Breeze (@3AM)" (8:10)
* "7 Minutes Till Radio Darkness, Part 1" (1:48)
* "7 Minutes Till Radio Darkness, Part 2" (2:31)
* "Sun Mar 11" (10:39)

## Personnel

* Eric Gould - Bass guitar
* Charlie Hitchcock - Guitar
* Steve Molitz - Keyboards
* Darren Pujalet - Drums

## Album Reviews

Glide Magazine (March 5, 2004)