OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kingdom of Tonga (1900–1970)

The Kingdom of Tonga was a protected state of the United Kingdom from 1900 to 1970, when its protectorate status was removed.

## History

Tonga became a British protected state under a Treaty of Friendship on 18 May 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second King. The Treaty of Friendship and protected state status ended in 1970 under arrangements established prior to her death by the third monarch, Queen Sālote.
An unspoken agreement of the treaty that was common in British protected states was a new monopoly on Tonga's thriving vanilla industry, and their small deposits of minerals.
On 18 May 1900, to discourage further German territorial gains in the pacific, and to secure its own independence, the Kingdom of Tonga became a Protected State of the United Kingdom under a Treaty of Friendship signed by George Tupou II after European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs attempted to overthrow him. While never directly ruled by the British, its foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Tonga were conducted through the British Consul that gave the United Kingdom veto power over foreign policies and finances of the Kingdom of Tonga.
Tonga was affected by the 1918 flu pandemic, with 1,800 Tongans killed, around eight per cent of the residents.
For most of the 20th century Tonga was quiet, inward-looking, and somewhat isolated from developments elsewhere in the world. Tonga's complex social structure is essentially broken into three tiers: the King, the nobles, and the commoners. Between the nobles and commoners are Matapule, sometimes called "talking chiefs," who are associated with the King or a noble and who may or may not hold estates. Obligations and responsibilities are reciprocal, and although the nobility are able to extract favours from people living on their estates, they likewise must extend favours to their people. Status and rank play a powerful role in personal relationships, even within families.
On 4 June 1970, protected state status of the Kingdom of Tonga ended. The end of the Kingdom of Tonga protected state status was arranged by Salote Tupou III prior to her death in 1965.
Tonga remains a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations.

## Gallery

* Tomb of King George Tupou I, 1900
* Tomb of King George Tupou I, 1900
* King George Tupou II going to the opening of the Tongan Parliament in 1900
* Richard Seddon and his wife at the opening of the Tongan parliament, 1900
* The royal throne of Tonga, 1900.
* World War I memorial in Nukuʻalofa
* Members of the Tonga Defence Force of the 2nd NZEF on parade in Tonga celebrating the capitulation of Italy in 1945
* Bishop John Rodgers, Pīsila (wife of Lord Fusitu'a(Tevita Tu'iniua),full name Pisila Fotofili Fusitu’a) and Suli Seuli (matāpule of Fusitu'a) watching dancing. Inauguration of the Catholic church in Kolofo'ou. 1967
# Who I Smoke

"Who I Smoke" is a song by American rappers Yungeen Ace, Spinabenz, and FastMoney Goon featuring Whoppa Wit Da Choppa. Released as a single on April 16, 2021, "Who I Smoke" samples Vanessa Carlton's "A Thousand Miles" and serves as a diss track against multiple deceased people who are specifically named and disrespected in the song. "Who I Smoke" performed successfully for the featured rappers, going viral throughout social media and on music platforms following its release. "Who I Smoke" was described by HipHopCanada as having exemplified "Jacksonville's deadly KTA vs. ATK war"; the rappers featured are associated with ATK, which sources have described it standing for "Ace's Top Killers", "Ace to Kill", or "Aim to Kill". Many of the individuals named in the song were friends with Julio Foolio, another rapper who, prior to his death, were rivals against the creators of "Who I Smoke".
Lyrics from the song were later used by prosecutors against Spinabenz (Noah Williams) in 2022 as alleged evidence on a charge of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, though Williams was found not guilty on the case.

## Music video

"Who I Smoke" was initially released as a music video on YouTube. Directed by TeoShotThis, it features the artists in a golf course wearing polo shirts and khakis, partying, smoking cigars, and "hurling threats at their opps". The music video, described by HotNewHipHop as being edited in "comical" fashion, also features the artists "smoking on" various deceased rival gang members, including "Bibby", "Teki", and "Lil Nine".

## Reception

Eric Wells of Complex characterized "Who I Smoke" as being one of multiple which contained "wildly disrespectful lyrics," though adding that "beyond all the shock value is an undeniably talented new era of rappers, who are all drawing attention to themselves in their own ways". Alex Zidel of HotNewHipHop described the song as being "one of the most disrespectful songs of the entire year, and quite possibly one of the most hilarious diss tracks of the last decade".
The rappers behind "Who I Smoke" received criticism due to its sampling of Vanessa Carlton's "A Thousand Miles", after which Carlton responded with a statement reading: "To the white folks that have expressed anger/shock over my approval of A Thousand Miles’ usage in the Spinabenz, Whoppa Wit Da Choppa, Yungeen Ace, & FastMoney Goon song Who I Smoke, I invite you to ask yourself why you feel this way & then read this." Along with her statement, Carlton attached the McNair Scholars Research Journal article Share Cropping Blackness: White Supremacy and the Hyper-Consumption of Black Popular Culture.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Bob Gregson

Bob Gregson (21 July 1778–November 1824) billed as "The Lancashire Giant" was a bare-knuckle fighter of the early 19th-century. He was a ferry captain and the owner of a chophouse in Holborn in London. A bust of Gregson is located in the Royal Academy.
Born as Robert Gregson in Heskin in Lancashire in 1778 he was a relatively well-educated and cultured man who dressed well and wrote poetry, earning himself the sobriquet "The Poet of the Prize Ring". Gregson became known as "The Lancashire Giant" on account of being 15 stones in weight and standing at six feet two inches tall. Sir Thomas Lawrence, principal painter to George IV selected him as the subject for a life-study; and he was chosen by the professor of anatomy at the Royal Academy to illustrate the beauties of anatomical proportion. He was an acquaintance of Lord Byron who helped to raise the funds to get Gregson released from debtors' prison in 1808.
On 12 July 1807 Gregson was presented for the first time in an exhibition bout against Isaac Bitton at the Fives Court, St Martin's Street in which Gregson gave a good account of himself. On 14 October 1807 Gregson was defeated by John Gully in a fight at Six Mile Bottom near Cambridge in 36 rounds when Gully was declared the winner after a fight in which both pugilists were badly beaten and which left many onlookers uncertain as to who had really won. The two clashed again on 10 May 1808 when Gully once more successfully defended his English title by defeating Gregson in 24 rounds near Woburn in a contest which lasted for an hour and a quarter. Gully announced his retirement later that year. Gregson and Tom Cribb then fought on 8 October 1808 for the championship and 1,000 guineas in a 30 foot ring in 23 rounds at Moulsey Hurst. Cribb defeated Gregson.
From 1808 he owned a London pub The Castle in Holborn, otherwise known as "Bob's Chop-House" (also known as "Bob Gregson's Coffee House", the Castle Tavern, and the Napier) which became the unofficial headquarters of boxing ring patrons and pugilists alike, but he was a bad businessman and was forced to give up the pub in 1814 after being convicted for debt evasion. He set himself up as a bookmaker and fight promoter and became a poet penning among other works "British Lads and Black Millers". In 1816 he was the owner of the Punch House on Moor Street in Dublin in Ireland while in 1819 he received a benefit display in London before embarking on a sparring tour of Ireland along with Dan Donnelly and George Cooper.
Gregson married Ester Owen (died 1806) and with her had three daughters: Mary Ann Gregson (1802-1848); Henrietta Gregson (1804-1882) and Ester Gregson (1806-1878) who became known as "Sister Scholastica" at Abbots Salford Convent and who purchased Stanbrook Abbey, where she was Abbess from 1846–62 and again 1868-72.
In later years Gregson was virtually penniless and lived out his last days in Liverpool where in July 1824 he was again imprisoned for debt. He died in Liverpool in November 1824 aged 46 and was buried in St. Nicholas’ churchyard.
# HeySong Beverage Museum

The HeySong Beverage Museum (traditional Chinese: 黑松飲料博物館; simplified Chinese: 黑松饮料博物馆; pinyin: Hēisōng Yǐnliào Bówùguǎn) is a museum in Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The museum is owned by HeySong Corporation.

## History

The museum was originally opened in 1996 as HeySong Museum. Over the years, the museum underwent renovations and expansions. In 2005, it was officially opened and was renamed to HeySong Beverage Museum.

## Architecture

The front entrance of the museum displays light boxes about HeySong Soda and Sarsaparilla cans designed for the 2004 Changhua Straits Flower Exposition. The museum exhibits all HeySong advertisement, shop signage, logos, posters, etc.
# Gheorghe Gornea

Gheorghe Gornea (2 August 1944 – 2005) was a Romanian football goalkeeper.

## Club career

Gheorghe Gornea was born on 2 August 1944 in Sinaia, Romania and he started playing football at Carpați Sinaia, before transferring at Steaua București where he made his Divizia A debut on 30 August 1964 in a 4–0 away victory against Știința Craiova. In his second season spent at Steaua he won the Cupa României, going afterwards to play for UTA Arad where in his five years spent at the club he won two league titles, being used by coach Nicolae Dumitrescu in 30 games in the first one and in 29 matches in the second one.
He also helped the team by having an appreciated performance when they eliminated the defending European Cup champions Feyenoord in the 1970–71 European Cup season, having a total of six appearances in the competition over the course of two seasons. For the way he played in 1968, Gornea was placed fourth in the ranking for the Romanian Footballer of the Year award. Gornea went to play for one season in Divizia B at Minerul Baia Mare, afterwards transferring at CSM Reșița, being brought there by his former coach from UTA, Ioan Reinhardt, where on 11 March 1973 he made his last Divizia A appearance in a 5–1 loss against Steagul Roșu Brașov, having a total of 143 matches played in the competition, retiring after playing three more seasons at Rapid Arad in Divizia B.

## International career

Gornea played four games in which he conceded two goals at international level for Romania, all under the guidance of coach Angelo Niculescu, making his debut on 27 October 1968 when he came as a substitute at half-time and replaced Narcis Coman in a 3–0 away loss against Portugal at the 1970 World Cup qualifiers in which he conceded one goal from Jacinto Santos. His following game was a 0–0 with England, afterwards appearing in a 2–0 victory against Switzerland at the 1970 World Cup qualifiers and his last game was another friendly against England, played on the Wembley Stadium which ended 1–1 in which he had an appreciated performance, being nicknamed "The hero from Wembley". Gornea was also selected by Angelo Niculescu to be part of Romania's squad at the 1970 World Cup final tournament, but he did not play in any game there.

## Death

After he retired, Gornea struggled with alcoholism and had both of his legs amputated, dying in 2005 in his native town, Sinaia.

## Honours

Steaua București
* Cupa României: 1965–66
UTA Arad
* Divizia A: 1968–69, 1969–70
Individual
* Romanian Footballer of the Year (fourth place): 1968
# Abhishek Suryavanshi

Abhishek Dhananjay Suryavanshi (born 12 March 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Indian Super League club Mohun Bagan.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 24 March 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| ATK B | 2020 | I-League 2nd Division | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Mohun Bagan | 2021–22 | Indian Super League | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Mohun Bagan | 2022–23 | Reliance Foundation Development League | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Mohun Bagan | 2023–24 | Indian Super League | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in AFC Cup
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in Durand Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Super Cup

## Honours

Mohun Bagan
* Indian Super League: 2022–23, 2023–24
* Durand Cup: 2023
Individual
* Indian Super League Emerging Player of the Month: April 2024
# Judah and 12th Avenue station

Judah and 12th Avenue station is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro N Judah line, located in the Sunset District neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The station opened with the N Judah line on October 21, 1928. The station has two short side platforms in the middle of Judah Street (traffic islands) where passengers board or depart from trains. The station is not accessible to people with disabilities.
The stop is also served by the N Bus and N Owl bus routes, which provide service along the N Judah line during the early morning and late night hours respectively when trains do not operate.
In March 2014, Muni released details of the proposed implementation of their Transit Effectiveness Project (later rebranded MuniForward), which included a variety of stop changes for the N Judah line. Under that plan – which will be implemented as the N Judah Rapid Project – the stop will have its short boarding islands extended to accommodate longer trains.
# Docuverse

Docuverse is a global distributed electronic library of interconnected documents, in other words, a global metadocument. The term was coined by Ted Nelson in 1974, as a concept related to the Project Xanadu, and the World Wide Web later nominally fulfilled a subset of the aspects of Nelson's vision.
# Punavuori

Punavuori (Finnish:; Swedish: Rödbergen) is a neighbourhood in the center of Helsinki, the capital of Finland. The name Punavuori (lit. 'red mountain') refers to red cliffs located between Sepänkatu and Punavuorenkatu. They were still visible in the 19th century, nowadays they are covered with buildings and pavement. Punavuori was traditionally a working-class neighbourhood, today it is known as a bohemian district popular among artists, students and hipsters. It is one of the most densely populated areas in Finland.
After the new location and growth of Helsinki in the 18th century, Punavuori became the area next to the center. During the 19th century the district had a seedy reputation. Most of the brothels and beerhouses were found in Punavuori. The social problems were aggravated by quickly built rent-apartments for the poor.
After World War II, the district went through a process of gentrification. Today Punavuori offers many trendy small shops and bars, nightclubs and restaurants. Important streets include Uudenmaankatu and Iso Roobertinkatu. In the old Helsinki slang, the district is called "Rööperi" (derived from the district's Swedish name).

## In popular culture

A Finnish cover version of The Beatles' song "Penny Lane" has lyrics referring to Punavuori. The song is called "Rööperiin" which means "To Punavuori", using the slang term derived from the Swedish name. The song has been recorded by Pepe Willberg (and later by other artists). The lyrics for the chorus part are: "Rööperiin, mä kaipaan niin" ("I yearn for Punavuori").

## Art galleries

Punavuori is located within the trendy Design District of Helsinki, an area with a large concentration of museums, art galleries, local design shops, antique markets, theatres, and other landmarks within the art and design scene.
Even though Punavuori area consists of only 13 streets and its total area is about 42 ha, there are many art galleries in the neighborhood, plus many design shops and trendy cafes, bars, and restaurants. Galleries in the area include: Art Salon Piirto, Atelier Matti Pikkujämsä, Bukowskis (design auction market), Exhibition Laboratory, Galleria Artika, Galleria Kajaste, Galleria Mafka & Alakoski, Galleria Sinne, Helsinki Contemporary, Life Art, Photographic Gallery Hippolyte and Rööperin taidesalonki.
# Islamic Party of Britain

The Islamic Party of Britain is a defunct political party in the United Kingdom that was active from its formation in 1989 until 2006. The IPB was opposed to both capitalism and communism. David Musa Pidcock, a Sheffield man who converted from Roman Catholicism to Islam while working as an engineer in Saudi Arabia, founded and led the party. The IPB published a quarterly magazine entitled Common Sense.
The party entered the 1992 general election, standing three unsuccessful candidates in the constituencies of Bradford, a city with a large Muslim minority, and one in a London constituency, Streatham.

## Founding

The Islamic Party of Britain was founded in September 1989 by Muslims who had grown dissatisfied with the Labour Party, a party that has traditionally gained the support of Muslims in Britain. Many Muslims were unhappy with the atheism of Neil Kinnock, the Labour leader, and wanted a party that would cater specifically for the needs of Muslims. Many also felt that both Labour and the Conservatives had not done enough to help Muslims in the controversy over Salman Rushdie's book The Satanic Verses.

## Performance

The Islamic Party never achieved a seat in either house of Parliament. Pidcock represented the party in the 1990 Bradford North by-election, earning 800 votes (2.2%), finishing fourth from ten candidates.
At the 1992 general election, the party stood candidates in each of the three constituencies in the City of Bradford. All finished in last place, with leader Pidcock in Bradford West performing best, on 471 votes (0.96%). It also stood a candidate in Streatham, coming fifth of seven candidates.

## Relations with other parties

In its first year, Pidcock claimed that his party was planning co-operation with the Green Party.
Members of the party have supported the Respect Party; one of their leading members, home affairs spokesman Mohammad Naseem, stood for and funded the party.

## Policies

The party believed in equal treatment under the law regardless of an individual's status, income or ethnicity. The IPB argued that religion is the most important thing in life. It called for reform of the British banking system to make it interest-free and Islamic, and for increased trade with the Islamic world. At one time, the party answered questions sent in by readers of its website. When answering one question, the party argued that homosexuality needed treatment, was not to be tolerated and that homosexuals should be put to death for a "public display of lewdness", a policy that was condemned by gay activist Peter Tatchell.
# Aage Jepsen Sparre

Aage Jepsen Sparre (c. 1460–1540) was a Danish priest who was archbishop of Lund from 1523 to 1532.
Sparre enrolled at the University of Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in 1483 and graduated in 1490.
# Guilford Press

Guilford Press or Guilford Publications, Inc. is a New York City-based independent publisher founded in 1973 that specializes in publishing books and journals in psychology, psychiatry, the behavioral sciences, education, geography, and research methods.

## Overview

Guilford was founded by Bob Matloff and Seymour Weingarten. Matloff retired as president in 2022. The firm is run by Weingarten (co-founder and editor-at-large) and Tim Stookesberry (chief executive officer).
Guilford Press says it has over 1,300 titles in print, typically publishes more than 55–65 new books in print and e-book formats each year, and also publishes 10 journals.
In the academic sphere, Guilford Publications has published books by Aaron T. Beck, the cognitive therapist; Marsha Linehan, the developer of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT); and the founders of motivational interviewing, Stephen Rollnick and William R. Miller. Overcoming Binge Eating, Second Edition, by Christopher G. Fairburn, and Mind Over Mood by Dennis Greenberger and Christine A. Padesky, have been included in the United Kingdom Reading Well Books on Prescription program, a selective list of self-help books that general practitioners, counselors, and community mental health specialists are encouraged to "prescribe" for patients with mild to moderate mental health concerns. Mind Over Mood was also voted by the British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies as "the most influential cognitive behavioural therapy publication" and was recommended by Scientific American Mind.
It also publishes books in the field of literacy education, by authors including G. Michael Pressley and Susan B. Neuman. Guilford's authors and editors include 13 past presidents of the International Literacy Association, 49 members of the Reading Hall of Fame, and 14 winners of the Oscar S. Causey Award for lifetime contributions to literacy research from the Literacy Research Association.
Guilford exhibits at numerous professional conferences each year, including those held by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Educational Research Association, the American Psychological Association, the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, the Literacy Research Association, the International Neuropsychological Society, and the National Association of School Psychologists.

## Authors

Guilford's authors include:
* Russell A. Barkley
* David H. Barlow
* Donald H. Baucom
* Aaron T. Beck
* Judith S. Beck
* Geraldine Dawson
* Edward L. Deci
* Christopher Fairburn
* Robert D. Hare
* Steven C. Hayes
* David A. Jobes
* Susan M. Johnson
* Jon Kabat-Zinn
* Robert L. Leahy
* Jay L. Lebow
* Marsha Linehan
* Todd D. Little
* Cathy A. Malchiodi
* Nancy McWilliams
* William R. Miller
* Kristin Neff
* Susan B. Neuman
* John C. Norcross
* Patricia Resick
* Stephen Rollnick
* Richard M. Ryan
* Richard C. Schwartz
* Zindel Segal
* Francine Shapiro
* Daniel J. Siegel
* John D. Teasdale
* J. Mark G. Williams