# Great Northern class O-1

The Great Northern O-1 was a class of 145 American 2-8-2 "Mikado"-type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works between 1911 and 1919 and used by the Great Northern Railway until the late 1950s.
The O-1s, along with other O Class Mikados of the Great Northern, were used system-wide to pull freight trains. As of today, only one O-1 has been preserved, No. 3059, from the second batch of O-1s. It was retired in December 1957 and is on display near the Williston depot in Williston, North Dakota.

## Design

The class featured a Belpaire firebox 117 inches (2.97 m) deep by 96 inches (2.44 m) wide; giving a grade area of 78 square feet (7.2 m$^2$). This was attached to a tapered boiler that was pressed to 180 pounds per square inch (1.24 MPa) – even though it had been designed for 210 pounds per square inch (1.45 MPa) – feeding steam to two 28-by-32-inch (711 mm × 813 mm) cylinders, which were connected to 63 inches (1.600 m) diameter driving wheels by Walschaerts valve gear. The last five locomotives were delivered with Southern valve gear; however, these were later replaced with Walschaerts.

## Construction

All 145 locomotives were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in four batches between August 1911 and February 1919. Baldwin class 12-50-1⁄4-E was assigned.
Table of orders and numbers :
| Year | Quantity | Baldwin serial numbers | Baldwin class numbers | GN numbers |
| 1911 | 20 | 36832–33, 36910–17, 36937–42, 36969–72 | 1–20 | 3000–3019 |
| 1913 | 50 | 39089–104, 39150–58, 39163–72, 39205–12, 39296–302 | 196–245 | 3020–3069 |
| 1916 | 25 | 43989–93, 44095–99, 44144–46, 44197–204, 44253–54, 44438–39 | 316–340 | 3070–3094 |
| 1917–19 | 50 | 46066–68, 46110, 46163, 46213, 46277, 46891, 48150, 48257–60, 48468, 48524, 48573, 48675–76, 48732–33, 48775, 48893, 48943, 48995, 49079–80, 49158, 49226, 49299–300, 49356–57, 49408, 49481–82, 49639, 49659–61, 49731, 50051, 50359–60, 51011, 51035, 51083, 51156, 51234, 51236 | 366–415 | 3095–3145 |
Two engines were built as oil burners: 3020 and 3021.

## Service

All were assigned to haul freight trains system wide. During the 1940s, twelve (3004, 3022, 3033, 3048, 3071, 3100, 3106, 3135, 3137, 3138, 3142, 3144) were equipped with boosters, which added between 11,000 and 12,200 pounds-force (49 and 54 kN) of tractive effort; these were removed in the early 1950s. Between 1925 and 1944, thirteen O-1s (Nos. 3023, 3024, 3026, 3028, 3029, 3039, 3043, 3064, 3099, 3108, 3121, 3122 and 3134) were sold to the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway.
Two engines were retired after being involved in wrecks: 3113 in 1946, and 3128 in 1949; the latter was so badly damaged it was scrapped on site.
The remaining locomotives were retired between 1948 and 1958. The Great Northern were in no hurry to scrap them as it was as late as 1963 that the last locomotive to be scrapped was cut up.
Table of retirements and scrappings :
| Year | Quantity in service at start of year | Quantity retired or scrapped | Numbers | Notes |
| 1925 | 145 | 3 | 3026, 3028, 2039 | to SP&S 500, 501, 502 |
| 1926 | 142 | 1 | 3099 | to SP&S 503 |
| 1928 | 141 | 2 | 3039, 3043 | to SP&S 504, 505 |
| 1929 | 139 | 2 | 3023, 3024 | to SP&S 506, 507 |
| 1943 | 137 | 2 | 3064, 3121 | to SP&S 508, 509 |
| 1944 | 135 | 3 | 3108, 3122, 3134 | to SP&S 511, 510, 512 |
| 1946 | 132 | 1 | 3113 | Wreck retirement |
| 1948 | 131 | 3 | 3049, 3086, 3107 | |
| 1949 | 128 | 10 | 3005, 3010, 3014, 3048, 3092, 3094, 3098, 3111, 3128, 3143 | 3128 Wreck retirement, scrapped on site |
| 1951 | 118 | 6 | 3015, 3016, 3018, 3046, 3074, 3091 | 3018 retirement date; scrap date unknown |
| 1952 | 112 | 29 | 3002–3004, 3007–3009, 3011, 3019, 3022, 3027, 3031, 3032, 3038, 3041, 3047, 3053, 3055, 3057, 3060, 3068, 3070, 3072, 3079, 3082, 3084, 3088, 3093, 3102, 3131 | 3011 and 3019 retirement dates; scrap date unknown |
| 1953 | 83 | 36 | 3001, 3013, 3017, 3020, 3021, 3025, 3033–3035, 3040, 3051, 3056, 3058, 3061, 3063, 3065, 3069, 3073, 3078, 3080, 3085, 3087, 3095–3097, 3104–3106, 3110, 3118, 3123, 3124, 3127, 3132, 3141, 3142 | |
| 1955 | 47 | 29 | 3006, 3030, 3036, 3037, 3042, 3052, 3054, 3062, 3066, 3067, 3071, 3075, 3076, 3081, 3083, 3089, 3090, 3100, 3103, 3109, 3114, 3115, 3125, 3126, 3130, 3133, 3136, 3137, 3140 | |
| 1956 | 18 | 2 | 3077, 3116 | |
| 1957 | 16 | 10 | 3000, 3012, 3045, 3050, 3059, 3112, 3117, 3119, 3120, 3139 | 3120 scrapped 1957; 3059 donated 1958; 3000, 3012, 3045, 3112, 3117, 3119 scrapped 1962; 3050, 3139 scrapped 1963. |
| 1958 | 6 | 6 | 3044, 3101, 3129, 3135, 3138, 3144 | 3129 scrapped 1962, others scrapped 1963. |
The Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway scrapped its O-1s between 1945 and 1950.

## Preservation

Only one O-1 has survived into preservation, No. 3059 of the second batch. It was built in February 1913 and retired in December 1957. On August 2, 1958, it was donated for display near the Williston Depot in Williston, North Dakota and currently resides there. It is the sole surviving Great Northern "Mikado" type steam locomotive.