# Panola County, Texas

Panola County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,491, with its county seat in Carthage. Located in East Texas and originally developed for cotton plantations, the county's name is derived from a Choctaw word for cotton.
Until 2013, Panola County was one of about 30 entirely dry counties in Texas: the sale of alcohol was restricted or prohibited.

## History

Jonathon Anderson, a migrant from the United States and founder of Panola County, donated nearly 100 acres of land in the 1800s to get the county started. Panola County was formed in 1846 from sections of Harrison and Shelby counties. Developed for cotton plantations, it was named after a Choctaw/Chickasaw word for cotton. In the antebellum years, planters used enslaved African Americans as workers on their large plantations. After the Civil War, freedmen worked largely as tenant farmers and sharecroppers in this area.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 821 square miles (2,130 km$^2$), of which 802 square miles (2,080 km$^2$) are land and 20 square miles (52 km$^2$) (2.4%) are covered by water.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 59
** Interstate 369 is currently under construction and will follow the current route of U.S. 59 in most places.
* U.S. Highway 79
* State Highway 43
* State Highway 149
* State Highway 315
* Farm to Market Road 10
* Farm to Market Road 31
* Farm to Market Road 124
* Farm to Market Road 1970
The TTC-69 component (recommended preferred) of the once-planned Trans-Texas Corridor went through Panola County.

### Adjacent counties and parishes

* Harrison County (north)
* Caddo Parish, Louisiana (northeast)
* De Soto Parish, Louisiana (east)
* Shelby County (south)
* Rusk County (west)

## Communities
### Cities

* Beckville
* Carthage (county seat)
* Tatum (mostly in Rusk County)

### Town

* Gary City

### Unincorporated communities

* Grand Bluff
* Bethany (partly in Caddo Parish, LA)
* Clayton
* Corinth
* Deadwood
* DeBerry
* Galloway
* Long Branch
* Midyett
* Murvaul
* Panola
* Riderville
* Old Center

### Ghost towns

* Center Point
* Freeman, Texas
* Grand Bluff
* Mineral Springs
* Pulaski

## Demographics

Panola County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 17,629 | 17,521 | 16,098 | 77.47% | 73.63% | 71.58% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 4,013 | 3,850 | 3,244 | 17.63% | 16.18% | 14.42% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 74 | 84 | 96 | 0.33% | 0.35% | 0.43% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 53 | 72 | 99 | 0.23% | 0.30% | 0.44% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 3 | 7 | 0.00% | 0.01% | 0.03% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 9 | 24 | 26 | 0.04% | 0.10% | 0.12% |
| Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH) | 179 | 272 | 731 | 0.79% | 1.14% | 3.25% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 798 | 1,970 | 2,190 | 3.51% | 8.28% | 9.74% |
| Total | 22,756 | 23,796 | 22,491 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census of 2000, 22,756 people, 8,821 households, and 6,395 families resided in the county. The population density was 28 people per square mile (11 people/km$^2$). The 10,524 housing units averaged 13 units per square mile (5.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 78.78% White, 17.67% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 1.87% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. About 3.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 8,821 households, 32.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.90% were married couples living together, 11.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were not families; 25.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the county, the population was distributed as 25.20% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 25.10% from 25 to 44, 24.60% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $31,909, and for a family was $37,595. Males had a median income of $31,333 versus $19,017 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,439. About 11.60% of families and 14.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.50% of those under age 18 and 16.10% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

These school districts serve Panola County:
* Beckville ISD
* Carthage ISD
* Elysian Fields ISD (mostly in Harrison County)
* Gary ISD
* Joaquin ISD (mostly in Shelby County)
* Tatum ISD (mostly in Rusk County)
* Tenaha ISD (mostly in Shelby County)
Panola College, a junior college, has operated in Carthage since 1947.
All of Panola County is in the service area of Panola College.

## Notable residents

* Tex Ritter, country music singer, born in Murvaul
* Jim Reeves, country music singer, born in Galloway

## Points of Interest

* Texas Country Music Hall of Fame and Tex Ritter Museum is located in Carthage.

## Politics

United States presidential election results for Panola County, Texas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 9,500 | 82.91% | 1,905 | 16.63% | 53 | 0.46% |
| 2020 | 9,326 | 81.39% | 2,057 | 17.95% | 75 | 0.65% |
| 2016 | 8,445 | 81.08% | 1,835 | 17.62% | 136 | 1.31% |
| 2012 | 7,950 | 77.71% | 2,211 | 21.61% | 69 | 0.67% |
| 2008 | 7,582 | 74.22% | 2,586 | 25.31% | 48 | 0.47% |
| 2004 | 7,021 | 70.16% | 2,958 | 29.56% | 28 | 0.28% |
| 2000 | 5,975 | 65.85% | 3,011 | 33.18% | 88 | 0.97% |
| 1996 | 4,008 | 44.59% | 4,168 | 46.37% | 812 | 9.03% |
| 1992 | 3,473 | 37.22% | 3,950 | 42.33% | 1,909 | 20.46% |
| 1988 | 4,642 | 52.87% | 4,123 | 46.96% | 15 | 0.17% |
| 1984 | 5,676 | 63.88% | 3,179 | 35.78% | 30 | 0.34% |
| 1980 | 4,022 | 51.92% | 3,637 | 46.95% | 88 | 1.14% |
| 1976 | 3,218 | 46.12% | 3,731 | 53.48% | 28 | 0.40% |
| 1972 | 4,324 | 73.74% | 1,511 | 25.77% | 29 | 0.49% |
| 1968 | 1,586 | 26.67% | 1,711 | 28.77% | 2,650 | 44.56% |
| 1964 | 2,818 | 51.83% | 2,608 | 47.97% | 11 | 0.20% |
| 1960 | 2,264 | 50.11% | 2,187 | 48.41% | 67 | 1.48% |
| 1956 | 2,538 | 52.48% | 2,225 | 46.01% | 73 | 1.51% |
| 1952 | 2,080 | 41.75% | 2,897 | 58.15% | 5 | 0.10% |
| 1948 | 256 | 9.08% | 1,751 | 62.14% | 811 | 28.78% |
| 1944 | 221 | 8.83% | 2,106 | 84.17% | 175 | 6.99% |
| 1940 | 179 | 5.87% | 2,871 | 94.07% | 2 | 0.07% |
| 1936 | 95 | 3.74% | 2,425 | 95.36% | 23 | 0.90% |
| 1932 | 50 | 1.85% | 2,630 | 97.08% | 29 | 1.07% |
| 1928 | 420 | 24.21% | 1,312 | 75.62% | 3 | 0.17% |
| 1924 | 119 | 5.33% | 2,088 | 93.51% | 26 | 1.16% |
| 1920 | 268 | 16.15% | 1,086 | 65.46% | 305 | 18.38% |
| 1916 | 125 | 8.77% | 1,228 | 86.12% | 73 | 5.12% |
| 1912 | 82 | 5.37% | 1,203 | 78.78% | 242 | 15.85% |