# Huanan County

Huanan County (simplified Chinese: 桦南县; traditional Chinese: 樺南縣; pinyin: Huànán Xiàn) is a county of eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jiamusi.

## Administrative divisions

Huanan County is divided into 7 towns and 5 townships.

### 7 towns

* Tuoyaozi (驼腰子镇), Shitouhezi (石头河子镇), Huanan (桦南镇), Tulongshan (土龙山镇), Mengjiagang (孟家岗镇), Yanjia (闫家镇), Liumaohe (柳毛河镇)

### 5 townships

* Jinsha (金沙乡), Lishu (梨树乡), Mingyi (明义乡), Dabalang (大八浪乡), Wudaogang (五道岗乡)

## Demographics

At the end of 2023, the resident population of Hunan Province was 65.68 million, down 360 thousand from the previous year, or 0.55% less. The male population was 33.638 million, down 0.48% year-on-year, while the female population was 32.042 million, a decrease of 0.62%.

## Climate

The climate of Hunan Province is subtropical with seasonal humidity, with four distinct seasons. The region is characterized by an abundance of sunshine, long frost-free periods, and significant precipitation. The average temperature ranges between 16 °C and 18 °C, and the number of days without frost ranges from 253 to 311. Annual precipitation, which varies from 1200 to 1700 mm, creates favorable conditions for agriculture.
Climate data for Huanan, elevation 187 m (614 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) | 8.1 (46.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 30.7 (87.3) | 33.6 (92.5) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.8 (96.4) | 31.6 (88.9) | 27.5 (81.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 5.2 (41.4) | 37.4 (99.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −12.6 (9.3) | −7.0 (19.4) | 1.6 (34.9) | 12.2 (54.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 25.5 (77.9) | 20.7 (69.3) | 11.6 (52.9) | −1.1 (30.0) | −11.0 (12.2) | 9.4 (48.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −17.3 (0.9) | −12.6 (9.3) | −3.8 (25.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 19.6 (67.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 14.6 (58.3) | 5.9 (42.6) | −5.7 (21.7) | −15.3 (4.5) | 4.1 (39.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.4 (−6.5) | −17.8 (0.0) | −9.1 (15.6) | 0.6 (33.1) | 8.2 (46.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 17.9 (64.2) | 16.1 (61.0) | 9.0 (48.2) | 0.6 (33.1) | −9.9 (14.2) | −19.1 (−2.4) | −0.9 (30.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.1 (−31.2) | −30.7 (−23.3) | −25.3 (−13.5) | −10.4 (13.3) | −4.3 (24.3) | 4.4 (39.9) | 9.4 (48.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | −2.6 (27.3) | −13.8 (7.2) | −25.7 (−14.3) | −32.0 (−25.6) | −35.1 (−31.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.3 (0.21) | 3.9 (0.15) | 11.1 (0.44) | 23.6 (0.93) | 55.9 (2.20) | 90.6 (3.57) | 125.7 (4.95) | 110.6 (4.35) | 60.5 (2.38) | 32.7 (1.29) | 13.8 (0.54) | 8.4 (0.33) | 542.1 (21.34) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.0 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 8.8 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.1 | 10.4 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 110.3 |
| Average snowy days | 9.2 | 7.0 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 8.7 | 10.6 | 51.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 66 | 60 | 56 | 60 | 71 | 79 | 82 | 74 | 65 | 67 | 73 | 69 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 163.2 | 189.7 | 225.3 | 215.4 | 225.1 | 223.9 | 216.8 | 211.7 | 214.0 | 184.5 | 151.7 | 142.2 | 2,363.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 58 | 65 | 61 | 53 | 48 | 48 | 46 | 49 | 58 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 54 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Population

The majority of Hunan's population is rural, mainly living in the Dongtin Plain and in the valleys of the main rivers. The majority of the population is Han Chinese. The western highlands are also home to several minorities, including the Hmong (Miao), Tujia, Dong, and Mien (Yao). The Miao and Tujia have a similar way of life and often intermarry. They live in the northwest of the province, where their economy is based on the cultivation of terraced fields in the foothills and narrow valleys. In the far southwest and west, the Dun live in autonomous counties with centers in Tongdao and Xinhuan. Their language, economy, and lifestyle have much in common with the Han Chinese. The Yao are settled in the mountainous areas in the south and west, are engaged in dry farming and have experience in growing cedar wood. Much of their income comes from forestry.
The Hunanese speak Xian (Hunanese), which is close to Mandarin, especially in the Changsha region. Radio broadcasting has helped to gradually reduce the differences between local dialects, which can be significant. Minority languages did not have a written language before missionaries created one for some of them, such as Samuel Pollard's writing system for the Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao) languages. Since 1949, these writing systems have been revised, expanded, or replaced by phonetic systems based on the Latin alphabet, similar to the pinyin adopted for the Han Chinese Mandarin. Literacy among the Miao and Dong peoples is growing. The cultural landscape of the region is complex and includes elements of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, as well as Islam and Christianity.

## Tea industry

The Huangan region is famous for its red soils, which are formed in the warm, temperate and humid climate of China's tropical and subtropical zones. These soils, rich in iron and aluminum, have high acidity, heavy clay, and low organic matter content. Thanks to these conditions, high-quality teas, including black and oolong, are grown in Huangan.
In the Huangan region, the main range of teas includes black and oolong, and occasionally jasmine and white tea. The latter two types are mostly produced for the tourist market and export.
The most famous varieties of tea from Huangan are:
* Liu Bao (Guangxi, black)
* Tieguanyin (Fujian, oolong)
* Da Hong Pao (Wuyi Mountains, Fujian, oolong)
Among these three varieties, the most popular is Da Hong Pao, which is mainly produced in the Wishan mountainous region of Fujian Province. Da Hong Pao tea is characterized by a unique orchid aroma and a long sweet aftertaste. It has gained popularity not only for its taste, but also because of a record case in 2002, when 20 grams of this tea were sold at auction for 22,000 USD, which is 30 times more expensive than its weight in gold. Although this batch of tea was harvested from Da Hong Pao mother trees, there are also more affordable versions made from young plants that come from these mother trees.