OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# StratEx Space Dive

On October 24, 2014, Alan Eustace broke the world record for the highest balloon flight and skydive of all time, releasing himself from a balloon at 135,908 feet.

## Details

In 2011, Eustace decided to pursue a stratosphere jump and met with Taber MacCallum, one of the founding members of Biosphere 2, to begin preparations for the project. Over the next three years, the Paragon Space Development technical team designed and redesigned many of the components of his parachute and life-support system. The Paragon team integrated systems for the Stratospheric Explorer mission code named StratEx Space Dive.
On October 24, 2014, Eustace made a jump from the stratosphere, breaking Felix Baumgartner's 2012 world record. The launch-point for his jump was from an abandoned runway in Roswell, New Mexico, where he began his gas balloon-powered ascent early that morning. He reached a reported maximum altitude of 135,908 feet (41.425 km; 25.7402 mi), but the final number submitted to the World Air Sports Federation was 135,889.108 feet (41.419000 km; 25.7365735 mi). The balloon used for the feat was a zero-pressure balloons manufactured by the Balloon Facility of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India. Eustace in his pressure suit hung tethered under the balloon, without the kind of capsule used by Felix Baumgartner. Eustace started his fall by using an explosive device to separate from the helium balloon.
His descent to Earth lasted 4 minutes and 27 seconds and stretched nearly 26 miles (42 km) with peak speeds exceeding 822 miles per hour (1,323 km/h), setting new world records for the highest free-fall jump and total free-fall distance 123,414 feet (37.617 km; 23.3739 mi). However, because Eustace's jump involved a drogue parachute, while Baumgartner's did not, their vertical speed and free-fall distance records remain in different categories.
Unlike Baumgartner, Eustace, a twin-engine jet pilot, was not widely known as a daredevil prior to his jump.
Eustace's world record jump was featured in two episodes of STEM in 30, a television show geared towards middle-school students by the National Air and Space Museum.
# Mamoea hesperis

Mamoea hesperis is a species of Desidae that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The female is recorded at 5.8mm in length whereas the male is 5.0mm. The carapace is coloured reddish brown. The abdomen is darkly coloured dark markings ventrally.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Westland, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
# Lalmonirhat

Lalmonirhat (Bengali: লালমনিরহাট) is a town and district headquarters of Lalmonirhat District in the division of Rangpur, Bangladesh.

## Demographics

Religions in Lalmonirhat (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 86.17% | 86.17% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 13.40% | 13.40% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.43% | 0.43% |
According to the 2022 Bangladesh census, Lalmonirhat city had a population of 67,131 and a literacy rate of 80.59%.$^{:388–394}$
According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Lalmonirhat city had 13,897 households and a population of 60,322. 11,792 (19.55%) were under 10 years of age. Lalmonirhat had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 65.98%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 978 females per 1000 males.
# Kalyanpur, Purvi Champaran Assembly constituency

Kalyanpur is an assembly constituency in East Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar.

## Overview

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 16. Kalyanpur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Kotwa community development block; Parsauni Wazid, Bakhri, Kalyanpur, Barharwa Mahanand, Siswa Shobh, Brindaban, Pakari Dixit, Siswa Kharar, Patna, Gariba, Shambhu Chak, Sitalpur, Koela Belwa, Bhuwan Chhapra, Banshghat, North Gawandra, South Gawandra and Mani Chhapra gram panchayats of Kalyanpur CD Block.
Kalyanpur Assembly constituency is part of 3. Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency).

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Name | Party |
| Until 2008: Constituency did not exist ||||
| 2010 | Razia Khatoon | Janata Dal (United) |
| 2015 | Sachindra Prasad Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2020 | Manoj Kumar Yadav | Rashtriya Janata Dal |

## Election results

In the 8 November 2015 state assembly elections, Sachindra Singh of the Bharatiya Janta p Party (BJP) won the newly created 16 Kalyanpur assembly seat, defeating her rival Raziya Khatoon of Janta Dal United (JDU).

### 2020

2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election: Kalyanpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | RJD | Manoj Kumar Yadav | 72,819 |
| | BJP | Sachindra Prasad Singh | 71,626 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | |
| | RJD gain from BJP | RJD gain from BJP | Swing |
# Sokkankadu

Sokkankadu is a small village located in Karur District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is very close to TNPL Pugalur and falls under its jurisdiction. The adjacent villages are Sottaiyur, Moolimangalam, Pandipalayam, Masagoundanpudur and Palamapuram.

## Demographics

This village has around 15 homes with a population of 50. All are Kongu Vellalar Gounders.

## Communication

BSNL, Aircel, Airtel, Tata Indicom, Reliance are the communication providers. The well-penetrated landline connections are provided by BSNL again. The availability of the internet is fair (Mostly dial-up connections).

## Transport

Transport facilities are low. Some Private Mini Buses are running. Most people commute by bicycles or two-wheeler motorcycles.
The nearby place pugalur (Code:PGR) has a railway station which is well connected to Erode, Coimbatore, Trichy, Chennai and cochin. Both passenger trains and express trains pass through this station.
The nearest airport is in Trichy (87 km). Major Airport is located at Coimbatore (115 km).

## Entertainment

There are more theatres nearby (Paramathi Velur & karur) which are some kilometers away from the village. Most of the residents have access to almost all Television channels.
# Sylvia Skan

Sylvia Winifred Skan (15 August 1897 – 10 June 1972) was an English applied mathematician. She is known for her work on aerodynamics, and in particular for the Falkner–Skan boundary layer in the fluid mechanics of airflow past a wedge-shaped obstacle, which she wrote about with V. M. Falkner in 1930, and for the associated Falkner–Skan equation.
Skan was born in Bickenhill on 15 August 1897, the oldest of five children of botanist Sidney Alfred Skan [es] and of his wife Jane Alkins. She does not appear to have earned a university degree. By 1923 she was working for the Aerodynamics Department of the National Physical Laboratory, where she carried out the entirety of her career.
As well as co-authored research papers, 17 of which listed her as first author, her works included translations of research papers from French, German and Russian into English, and a two-volume single-authored book, Handbook for Computers (1954), describing the mathematics needed for human computers.
# James Walker Benét

James Walker Benét (1914 – December 16, 2012) was an American journalist, author, and reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle and KQED. Benét was one of the last surviving veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, a group of American volunteers during the Spanish Civil War who fought for the Republicans as part of the International Brigades.

## Background

Benét was born in 1914 in New York City. His father, Pulitzer Prize winner William Rose Benét, founded the Saturday Review of Literature. His aunt, novelist Kathleen Norris, raised him in Marin County, California, after the death of his mother when he was a young child. Benet's uncle, Stephen Vincent Benét, was a writer and poet who won a Pulitzer Prize for John Brown's Body.

### Academics and involvement in Spanish Civil War

Benét graduated from Stanford University in 1935. He worked at The New Republic after college, before going to Spain to fight with the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. He was a brigade combat soldier and ambulance driver from 1936 to 1937, later leaving Spain when the war turned in favor of Francisco Franco. In a 2012 interview with Public Radio International, Benét explained his reasoning for joining the war, "If the moment comes when it's the obvious right thing and somebody's got to do it, maybe it's going to be you...I always felt that I was on the right side of history in Spain."

## Newspaper career

He worked as a reporter for The New Republic and the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) during World War II after returning to the United States.
Benét joined the staff of the San Francisco Chronicle in 1947 as a copy editor. He was soon subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee in Washington D.C., who wanted information on his time in Spain during the war. While Benét appeared before the committee, he refused to their questions, a position supported by his superiors at the San Francisco Chronicle. The House Un-American Activities Committee ultimately took no action against Benét.
Benét later transitioned from a copy editor to education reporter at the San Francisco Chronicle. He left the newspaper in the late 1960s to work as a reporter at KQED's "Newsroom" from the 1960s until the show's cancellation in 1977. Additionally, he authored a guide book to the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as two mystery novels. He also taught journalism the University of California, Berkeley, and San Francisco State College. He retired in 1979 and moved to Sonoma County, California.

## Married life and death

James Benét was married three times. He and his first wife, actress Mary Liles, divorced. He then married Jane Gugel, the San Francisco Chronicle food editor and columnist who wrote under the pen name "Jane Friendly." Following Gugel's death, Benét married her sister-in-law, Ruth Gugel, who later died, leaving him a widower.
Benét died in Santa Rosa, California, on December 16, 2012, at the age of 98. He had resided in Forestville, California.
# Cecil Perkins

Cecil Boyce Perkins (December 1, 1940 – October 28, 2021) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher who appeared in two games for the New York Yankees in 1967. He posted a 0–1 record with a 9.00 earned run average in five full innings pitched. His professional baseball career lasted seven years (1962–1968), all in the Yankee organization.
Perkins batted and threw right-handed, stood 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and weighed 175 pounds (79 kg). The Baltimore native attended Salem University and Shepherd University, both in West Virginia. He appeared in 116 games in the minor leagues, 102 as a starting pitcher. His MLB trial occurred in July 1967. In his debut, July 5 against the contending Minnesota Twins, he started against Jim Kaat, surrendered five hits and five earned runs in three innings, and was charged with the eventual 10–4 defeat. Three days later, against the Baltimore Orioles, he threw two scoreless innings of relief to lower his career ERA to 9.00. He surrendered six total hits (including a home run to Rich Reese) and two bases on balls in the majors, with one strikeout.
# Cary station (North Carolina)

Cary station is an Amtrak train station located in Cary, North Carolina. It is served by the Floridian, Carolinian, and Piedmont services. The station is the hub for the town's GoCary bus network.

## History
### Previous station

The railroad came to Cary in 1854 with the arrival of the North Carolina Railroad. This is the northernmost track in Cary today, and it was originally built mostly by enslaved people. A second line for the Chatham Railroad was completed in 1868, creating a railroad crossing in Cary. Regular passenger service to Cary started in 1867. The Chatham Railroad constructed a passenger waiting room and warehouse in Cary by 1871. By the early 20th century, Cary residents used both railroads for daily trips to Raleigh for shopping. However, during the Great Depression, rail service was discontinued.
Cary station was demolished in about 1976. It had served the Southern Railway and the Seaboard Air Line. When Amtrak passenger service to Cary resumed in 1995, there was no longer a depot. This initial Amtrak service was an infill station on the Piedmont, a state-owned regional railroad operated by Amtrak and mostly financed by the North Carolina Department of Transportation.

### Modern station

In 1996, the North Carolina Department of Transportation Rail Division erected a platform and shelter for the H Line, north of the station, at the cost of $100,000. This was just prior to the opening of the new Cary Station which cost $737,000—$637,000 from the town and $100,000 from the Triangle Transit Authority. The state-subsidized Carolinian, began serving the station in 1997, in addition to the Piedmont.
In 2006, the North Carolina Department of Transportation constructed a platform on the S Line, south of the station, which allowed the Silver Star (New York–Tampa–Miami) to begin service to Cary. The town contributed $30,000 or 10% of the project's cost. The station was expanded at the cost of $2 million in NCDOT and Federal Railroad Administration funds in 2010 and 2011. The station reopened on September 1, 2011, and featured a larger waiting room, restrooms, and a staffed ticket sales window with checked baggage service.
In June 2024, the station was a stop along the U.S. Open Express, which operated during the U.S. Open at course number 2 of Pinehurst Resort. On November 10, 2024, the Silver Star was merged with the Capitol Limited as the Floridian.
# Josaphat Chichkov

Robert-Matthew Chichkov (9 February 1884 – 11 November 1952) was a Bulgarian priest, rector and teacher, executed by firing squad by the ruling communist government. He is venerated as blessed by the Catholic Church.

## Life

He came from a large and fervent Latin Church Catholic family. He entered the Assumptionist high school seminary in Adrianopolis and entered the Assumptionist novitiate in Phanaraki, Turkey in 1900. His religious name was Josaphat. He was ordained a priest in the Latin rite in Malines, Belgium, in 1909 after studying philosophy and theology at Louvain University.
Once back in Bulgaria, he taught at St. Augustine College in Plovdiv and at St. Michael College in Varna. Later he moved to Yambol where he served as superior and rector of the high school seminary of Saints Cyril and Methodius, as pastor of the local Latin rite parish, and as chaplain to the Oblate Sisters of the Assumption. Open to technology and science, he was the first in the city to have a Cyrillic typewriter. Mgr Angelo Roncalli (the future Pope John XXIII) was Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria from 1925 to 1934) and would often visit and rest at the seminary.
In 1937 he was appointed provincial superior and returned to the college in Varna where he served as rector and teacher. He was responsible for enlarging the Yambol seminary to include seminarians of both rites, Latin and Byzantine-Slav, and found ways to integrate students into one community. He organized fundraising activities for the institution and taught French to teachers, civil servants, and Bulgarian army officers. He had introduced a ham radio and movie projector at the seminary. When the communists arrived in 1948, foreign priests were forced to leave Bulgaria, and he was also appointed parish priest at the Latin parish of Varna.

## Arrest

Josaphat Chichkov was arrested in December 1951, Accused of being a spy and scheming to start an imperialistic war against Russia, and Bulgaria. After what international organizations universally considered a show trial which began on 29 September 1952 and ended with a guilty verdict and a death sentence on 3 October, Fr. Chickov, two of his Assumptionists companions, Fr. Kamen Vitchev and Fr. Pavel Djidjov, and a Passionist bishop, Most Rev. Eugene Bossilkov, were executed by firing squad on the grounds of the prison in Sofia at 11:30 PM the evening of 11 November 1952.
Fr. Chichkov was declared a martyr for the faith and beatified by Pope John Paul II in Plovdiv on 26 May 2002.
On 28 July 2010 the Bulgarian National Assembly passed a law officially rehabilitating all of those who had been condemned by the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1952, including Fr. Chichkov.
# Social engineering (political science)

Social engineering is a term which has been used to refer to efforts in influencing particular attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale. This is often undertaken by governments, but may be also carried out by mass media, academia or private groups in order to produce desired characteristics in a target population.

## Origin of concept

The Dutch industrialist J.C. Van Marken (nl) used the term sociale ingenieurs ("social engineers") in an essay in 1894. The idea was that modern employers needed the assistance of specialists in handling the human challenges, just as they needed technical expertise (traditional engineers) to deal with non-human challenges (materials, machines, processes). "Social engineering" was the title of a small journal in 1899 (renamed "Social Service" from 1900), and in 1909 it was the title of a book by the journal's former editor, William H. Tolman (translated into French in 1910). With the Social Gospel sociologist Edwin L. Earp's The Social Engineer, published during the "efficiency craze" of 1911 in the U.S., a new usage of the term was launched that has since then become standard: "Social engineering" came to refer to an approach of treating social relations as "machineries", to be dealt with in the manner of the technical engineer.

## Historical examples

In the 1920s, the government of the Soviet Union embarked on a campaign to fundamentally alter the behavior and ideals of Soviet citizens, to replace the old social frameworks of the Russian Empire with a new Soviet culture, and to develop the New Soviet man. Commissars became agents of social engineering.
In India, social engineering was said to have been done by the state of Bihar, on a grand scale, to unify different castes after 2005.
In his political science book, The Open Society and Its Enemies, volume I, The Spell of Plato (1945), Karl Popper made a distinction between the principles of 'what he called "piecemeal social engineering" and Utopian social engineering.
# Marion High School (Indiana)

Marion High School is a high school in Marion, Indiana with more than 1,000 students.

## History

Marion High School's first campus opened in September 1891. In 1902, the building burned to the ground. The next building stood for six years, being burned in 1908 in a possible arson attack. The second campus opened in 1910 on West Nelson Street where it would remain open until 1967.
Marion High School's current campus opened in 1964 on 26th Street. The school was split into two campuses, North & South. The North campus held ninth graders, while the South campus held tenth through twelfth graders. But, the North campus was closed for the 1966–1967 school year. Plans began early for the next parts of Marion High School's South Campus. A total of $1,225,000 was appropriated for the building of a kitchen and cafeteria building and the building of a vocational unit. Bids opened for both of these parts, along with a second academic unit, on October 10, 1964 ("$1.2 Million Approved For New School Unit" 1).
The second academic unit, or "Building Two," was under construction but not finished for the 1964–1965 school year. It would open for the 1965–1966 school year. On May 2, 1970, Marion High School opened the Physical Education wing. It was built on with an extension of "Building Two" with ten additional classrooms and a planetarium that was completed in 1971.
In late-1970 the school district decided to add another necessary addition to campus. The Auditorium wing was set to open for the 1972–1973 school year. But because of a brutally cold winter, the opening was set back to the 1973–1974 school year. The Auditorium has become one of the most important parts of the school and the city.

## Athletics

The name of the students and the athletic teams is the "Giants", and their teams compete in Indiana's North Central Conference. The school is best known for its basketball teams, which have won eight IHSAA state championships. Former Marion basketball coach Bill Green holds the state record with six state championships, of which the back-to-back-to-back crowns of '85, '86 and '87 became known as “Purple Reign”.

## Performing arts

MHS' swing choir, "26th Street Singers", won the 1975 Bishop Luers High School Swing Choir Invitational, regarded by some as the first true show choir competition. They also took home top honors in the 1976 and 1977 editions of the event.

## Notable alumni

* James Blackmon Sr, Former University of Kentucky basketball player
* James Blackmon Jr., former Indiana University basketball and NBA player
* Jay Edwards, Indiana University and NBA basketball
* Ralph Isselhardt, American football player
* Zach Randolph, former Michigan State University basketball player; retired professional basketball player and two time NBA all star
* Ann Vermilion, member of the Indiana House of Representatives