# Washington County, Texas

Washington County is a county in Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 35,805. Its county seat is Brenham, which is located along U.S. Highway 290, 72 miles northwest of Houston. The county was created in 1835 as a municipality of Mexico and organized as a county in 1837. It is named for George Washington, the first president of the United States.
Washington County comprises the Brenham, TX micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Houston-The Woodlands, TX combined statistical area.
Washington-on-the-Brazos in the county is notable as the site of the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence during the Convention of 1836. Reflecting the county's history as a destination of mid-19th-century German immigrants who came after the 1848 German revolutions, in the 2000 US Census, more than one-third of residents identified as being of German ancestry.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 622 square miles (1,610 km$^2$), of which 18 square miles (47 km$^2$) (2.9%) are covered by water.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 290
* State Highway 36
* State Highway 105

### Adjacent counties

* Brazos County (north)
* Grimes County (northeast)
* Waller County (east)
* Austin County (south)
* Fayette County (southwest)
* Lee County (west)
* Burleson County (northwest)

## Demographics

Washington County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 22,394 | 22,023 | 66.42% | 61.51% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 5,861 | 5,555 | 17.38% | 15.51% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 61 | 75 | 0.18% | 0.21% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 432 | 547 | 1.28% | 1.53% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 7 | 14 | 0.02% | 0.04% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 34 | 140 | 0.10% | 0.39% |
| Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | 288 | 1,026 | 0.85% | 2.87% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4,641 | 6,425 | 13.76% | 17.94% |
| Total | 33,718 | 35,805 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census of 2000, 30,373 people, 11,322 households, and 7,936 families were residing in the county. The population density was 50 people per square mile (19 people/km$^2$). There were 13,241 housing units at an average density of 22 units per square mile (8.5 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 74.68% White, 18.66% African American, 0.27% Native American, 1.21% Asian, 4.02% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. About 8.71% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino of any race; 33.6% identified as of German, 6.1% American, 5.7% English, 5.3% Irish, and 5.0% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000. Around 88.1% spoke English, 8.6% Spanish, and 1.2% German as their first language.
Of the 11,322 households, 31.6% had children under 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.90% were not families. About 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the county, the age distribution was 24.7% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,760, and for a family was $43,982. Males had a median income of $31,698 versus $21,346 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,384. About 9.8% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under 18 and 14.5% of those 65 or over.

## Communities
### Cities

* Brenham (county seat)
* Burton

### Unincorporated communities

* Berlin
* Chappell Hill
* Greenvine
* Independence
* Latium
* Longpoint
* Mill Creek
* Phillipsburg‡
* Prairie Hill
* Quarry
* Sandy Hill
* Washington-on-the-Brazos
* Wesley
* Whitman
* Wiedeville
* William Penn

### Historic communities

As part of a San Jacinto Day speech in 1900, Hon. Harry Haynes said, "This grand old county, the birthplace and cradle of Texas liberty, is in a sense a vast town cemetery. Tiger Point, Union Hill, Long Point, Sandtown, Old Gay Hill, Mt. Vernon, Turkey Creek, Mt. Gilead, Rock Island, Jacksonville, Mustang, all by the inexorable decrees of new conditions and changes wrought in the course of human events have been blotted from the face of this beautiful earth."
* Ayres
* Cedar Creek – a mile north of Chappell Hill
* Coles Settlement
* Gay Hill
* Goodwill
* Graball
* Mt. Vernon – 2nd county seat, 1841-1843
* Muellersville
* Rock Island
* Tigertown
* Winklemann – single owner tourist town
* Yegua
* Zionville

## Politics

Since the 1940s, Washington County has been powerfully Republican, with the only Democratic presidential candidate to carry it since Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1936 landslide being Hill Country native Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. Since 1980, no Democrat has gained more than 40 percent of the county’s vote.
United States presidential election results for Washington County, Texas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 14,020 | 76.76% | 4,058 | 22.22% | 187 | 1.02% |
| 2020 | 12,959 | 74.27% | 4,261 | 24.42% | 229 | 1.31% |
| 2016 | 10,945 | 73.79% | 3,382 | 22.80% | 505 | 3.40% |
| 2012 | 10,857 | 75.41% | 3,381 | 23.48% | 159 | 1.10% |
| 2008 | 10,176 | 70.78% | 4,034 | 28.06% | 167 | 1.16% |
| 2004 | 9,597 | 73.47% | 3,389 | 25.94% | 77 | 0.59% |
| 2000 | 8,645 | 73.21% | 2,996 | 25.37% | 168 | 1.42% |
| 1996 | 6,319 | 60.65% | 3,460 | 33.21% | 640 | 6.14% |
| 1992 | 5,817 | 53.60% | 3,283 | 30.25% | 1,753 | 16.15% |
| 1988 | 6,041 | 66.85% | 2,960 | 32.75% | 36 | 0.40% |
| 1984 | 6,506 | 72.32% | 2,483 | 27.60% | 7 | 0.08% |
| 1980 | 4,821 | 64.32% | 2,518 | 33.60% | 156 | 2.08% |
| 1976 | 3,820 | 58.77% | 2,635 | 40.54% | 45 | 0.69% |
| 1972 | 3,862 | 74.30% | 1,323 | 25.45% | 13 | 0.25% |
| 1968 | 3,244 | 57.86% | 1,686 | 30.07% | 677 | 12.07% |
| 1964 | 2,019 | 40.69% | 2,938 | 59.21% | 5 | 0.10% |
| 1960 | 2,613 | 58.21% | 1,864 | 41.52% | 12 | 0.27% |
| 1956 | 2,975 | 75.83% | 933 | 23.78% | 15 | 0.38% |
| 1952 | 3,519 | 72.17% | 1,354 | 27.77% | 3 | 0.06% |
| 1948 | 1,904 | 50.88% | 1,647 | 44.01% | 191 | 5.10% |
| 1944 | 534 | 13.27% | 1,387 | 34.46% | 2,104 | 52.27% |
| 1940 | 1,868 | 56.32% | 1,449 | 43.68% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 176 | 8.10% | 1,993 | 91.72% | 4 | 0.18% |
| 1932 | 99 | 2.79% | 3,443 | 97.12% | 3 | 0.08% |
| 1928 | 275 | 9.94% | 2,491 | 90.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 496 | 11.99% | 3,568 | 86.25% | 73 | 1.76% |
| 1920 | 684 | 21.24% | 796 | 24.72% | 1,740 | 54.04% |
| 1916 | 1,306 | 53.72% | 1,119 | 46.03% | 6 | 0.25% |
| 1912 | 546 | 29.43% | 1,111 | 59.89% | 198 | 10.67% |
The GOP was competitive in the county during the Third Party System and to a smaller extent during the “System of 1896” era, as the county then had a sizeable freedman population, but the county became typically “Solid South” Democratic for a brief period once that freedman population was completely disfranchised. Following the New Deal, the almost entirely White electorate of Washington County – which was being gradually stripped of its freedman population by the Great Migration – was one of the first to turn against FDR, being one of just 7 Texas counties to vote for Wendell Wilkie in 1940. Washington was one of 11 Texas counties to vote in 1920 for American Party candidate James E. Ferguson, and the solitary county to give a majority to the conservative “Texas Regulars”, which were a predecessor to the numerous “Dixiecrat” movements of the following two decades, in the 1944 election.

## Education

School districts:
* Brenham Independent School District
* Burton Independent School District
* Giddings Independent School District
* Hallettsville Independent School District
Blinn College is the designated community college for all of the county. Additionally, Washington County is the sole taxation zone for Blinn College, meaning it is the only place with in-district tuition.