# Chittagong District

Chittagong District (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম জেলা), officially Chattogram District, is a district located in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. The port city of Chittagong, which is the second largest city in Bangladesh, is located within this district.

## Geography

Chittagong district is situated along the southeastern coast of Bangladesh, between the Bay of Bengal to the west, Cox's Bazar district to the south, the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the east, the Indian state of Tripura to the north and Feni district to the northwest. Within the Bay of Bengal is the island of Sandwip and several nearby islands, which together form an upazila of the district.
The district's topography is primarily defined by a series of low hill ranges running roughly parallel to the coast and with each other. Between these hill ranges are broad alluvial valleys with sandstone bedrock, and they are also divided by several major rivers, namely the Karnaphuli and Sangu. The most important of these ranges runs roughly from the tripoint with Feni district and Tripura in the north southeast to Chittagong city, known as the Sitakunda hills. This hill range is around 70 kilometres in length and its highest point, Chandranath, is around 350 metres in height. Along the eastern border with Khagrachhari district lies broken hill country. Another set of hills enters the district in the western part of Rangunia Upazila and ends at the Karnaphuli. South of the Karnaphuli, the hills run southeast through the eastern part of Patiya and Chandanaish upazilas to the Sangu River. South of the Sangu lies another hill range close to the coast which divides Banskhali Upazila from Satkania and Lohagara Upazilas, and continues into Cox's Bazar district. The southeastern border with Bandarban district lies along the foothills of the Hill Tracts. To the west of the hill ranges lies a coastal plain with a small width, and along the shore there are numerous beaches which have become tourist destinations.

### Rivers

The major rivers running through Chittagong district are the Feni, Karnaphuli and Sangu.
The Feni arises in Tripura state, and forms the entire border between Tripura and Chittagong district. It separates the Sitakunda hill range from the hill ranges in Tripura to the north. After fully entering Bangladesh, it flows southwest, meandering slightly, roughly along the border between Mirsharai Upazila with Feni district before entering the Bay of Bengal amid tidal flats.
The Karnaphuli enters Chittagong district at Chandraghona in Rangunia Upazila. It goes through several large meanders and divides the Patiya hill range from the hills to their north. It flows west before turning southwest near Boalkhali and forms the southern limits of Chittagong city, entering the sea near Patenga thana. One of its main tributaries is the Halda river. The Halda arises in the Chittagong Hill tracts and flows west into Fatikchhari Upazila. It then turns southeast, flowing past Fatikchhari and Hathazari before entering the Karnaphuli near the northeasternmost part of Chittagong city.
The Sangu river arises in Bandarban district of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and enters Chittagong district at Dhopachari in Chandanaish Upazila. It forms most of the border between Chandanaish and Satkania upazilas, as well as between Anowara and Banshkhali upazilas, before entering the sea 16 kilometres south of the mouth of the Karnaphulil.
There are several khals also in the district.

## History

Because of the natural harbour, Chittagong had been an important location for trade, drawing Arab traders as early as the 9th century CE. The region fell under the rule of kings from Arakan in the 16th and 17th centuries. During the 17th century, the region also faced a lot of attacks by Portuguese pirates, who occupied Sandwip for a long time. The Mughal Army under Shaista Khan conquered Chittagong in 1666 and established administration here. The district was later ceded to the British. The Chittagong Hill Tracts were separated from Chittagong in 1860. In 1947, Chittagong came under Pakistan and became part a district of East Pakistan. Port of Chittagong was a big spot for exports and imports of Pakistan. After the liberation of Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar District was separated in 1984.

## Administration

* Administrator of Zila Porishod: M A Salam
* Deputy Commissioner (DC): Mohammad Elius Hossain

## Subdivisions

There are 15 upazilas and 33 thanas within Chittagong District. There are 16 Thanas for the Chattogram Metropolitan Police covered area including 2 for Fatikchhari Upazila, 2 for Mirsharai Upazila, and 1 for each of the remaining 13 upazilas.
The upazilas are:
* Mirsharai Upazila
* Fatikchhari Upazila
* Sandwip Upazila
* Sitakunda Upazila
* Hathazari Upazila
* Raozan Upazila
* Rangunia Upazila
* Karnaphuli Upazila
* Boalkhali Upazila
* Patiya Upazila
* Anwara Upazila
* Chandanaish Upazila
* Satkania Upazila
* Banshkhali Upazila
* Lohagara Upazila
The thanas for the Chattogram Metropolitan Police covered area are:
* Akbar Shah Thana
* Bakoliya Thana
* Bandar Thana
* Bayazid Bostami Thana
* Chandgaon Thana
* Chawkbazar Thana
* Chittagong Kotwali Thana
* Double Mooring Thana
* EPZ Thana
* Halishahar Thana
* Khulshi Thana
* Pahartali Thana
* Panchlaish Thana
* Patenga Thana
* Sadarghat Thana
The thanas for the Fatikchhari Upazila are:
* Bhujpur Thana
* Fatikchhari Thana
The thanas for the Mirsharai Upazila are:
* Jorargonj Thana
* Mirsharai Thana

## Demographics

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Chittagong District had 2,143,909 households and a population of 9,169,465. The population density was 1,736 people per km$^2$. 1,729,570 (18.86%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. Chittagong District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 81.06%, compared to the national average of 74.8%, and a sex ratio of 1006 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 53.28% (4,885,216) of the population lived in urban areas.

### Religion

Religions in Chittagong District (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 87.53% | 87.53% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 10.72% | 10.72% |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 1.63% | 1.63% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.12% | 0.12% |
Religion in present-day Chittagong District :
| | 1941$^{:102–103}$ | 1941$^{:102–103}$ | 1981 | 1981 | 1991 | 1991 | 2001 | 2001 | 2011 | 2011 | 2022 | 2022 |
| Religion | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Islam | 1,402,130 | 72.49% | 3,696,639 | 82.79% | 4,444,739 | 83.92% | 5,661,396 | 85.62% | 6,618,657 | 86.90% | 8,026,102 | 87.53% |
| Hinduism | 470,026 | 24.30% | 654,654 | 14.66% | 728,596 | 13.76% | 817,745 | 12.37% | 861,494 | 11.31% | 982,604 | 10.72% |
| Buddhism | — | — | 99,556 | 2.23% | 106,595 | 2.01% | 118,435 | 1.79% | 121,169 | 1.59% | 149,775 | 1.63% |
| Others | 62,212 | 3.22% | 14,309 | 0.32% | 16,197 | 0.31% | 14,564 | 0.22% | 15,032 | 0.20% | 10,984 | 0.12% |
| Total Population | 1,934,368 | 100% | 4,465,158 | 100% | 5,296,127 | 100% | 6,612,140 | 100% | 7,616,352 | 100% | 9,169,465 | 100% |
Chittagong is multi-religious. In 2011 Muslims were 86.90%, while Hindus and Buddhists were 11.31% and 1.59% respectively. Chittagong has the largest population of Hindus of any district in Bangladesh. All religions are increasing in numbers, with Hindus and Buddhists growing more slowly.
Chittagong District has 13,148 mosques, 1025 Hindu temples, 535 Buddhist temples and 192 churches. Fakira Mosque in Hathazari, Musa Khan Mosque, Hafez Para Jame Mosque in Putibila, Lohagara, Kura Katni Mosque, Hashimpur Kadam Rasool Mosque in Chandanaish, the 16th century Kala Mosques, Chhuti Khan Mosque, Kadam Mobara Mosque, Andar Killah Mosque, Bakshi Hamid Mosque of Bashkhali, and East Gomdandi Chowdhury Para Old Mosque of Boalkhali are famous mosques in Chittagong. Also Badar Awlia Dargah is a tomb in Chittagong.
In 2011, the ethnic population was 32,165, consisting mainly of Tripuris and Chakmas. In 2022, this increased to 48,245 (0.53% of the population).

## Education
### Colleges

* Chittagong College
* Kulgaon City Corporation College
* BARAMA COLLEGE
* Gachbaria Government College
* Patiya Government College
* Chittagong Cantonment Public College
* Satbaria Oli Ahmad Bir Bikram College
* Anowara Government College
* Government Hazi Mohammad Mohsin College
* Government City College, Chittagong
* Government College of Commerce, Chittagong
* Chittagong Government Woman's College
* Faujdarhat Cadet College
* Halishahar Cantonment Public School and College
* Professor Kamal Uddin Chowdhury College

### Universities

* Chittagong University
* Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology
* Port City International University.
* BGC Trust University Bangladesh
* International Islamic University Chittagong
* East Delta University
* Premier University, Chittagong
* Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
* Chittagong Medical University
* University of Science and Technology, Chittagong
* University of Creative Technology, Chittagong
* Southern University Bangladesh

### Others

* Chittagong Medical College
* BGC Trust Medical College, Chandanaish
* Chittagong Polytechnic Institute
* Chittagong Mohila Polytechnic Institute
* Textile Engineering College, Chittagong

## Language and culture

The official language of Chittagong is Standard Bengali. However, the language spoken here is the Chittagonian Bengali, which has its own grammar, phonology and vocabulary.

## Notable people

* Ashish Bhadra
* Nurul Abedin
* Oli Ahmad
* Mahbubul Alam
* Mohit Ul Alam
* Ayub Bachchu
* Shyam Sundar Baishnab
* Partha Barua
* Sukomal Barua
* Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad
* Abdul Haq Choudhury
* Shantanu Biswas
* Sri Chinmoy
* Pramod Ranjan Choudhury
* Mehazabien Chowdhury
* Rony Chowdhury
* Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury
* Sarat Chandra Das
* Maitreyi Devi
* Charles John Stanley Gough
* Ehsanul Haque
* Enamul Haque
* Enamul Haque
* Chandra Kalindi Roy Henriksen
* Rabiul Hoque
* Somnath Hore
* Ashraful Hossain
* Nazmul Huq
* Tamim Iqbal
* Mamunul Islam
* Nasiruddin Chowdhury
* Nurul Islam
* Mirza Ahmad Ispahani
* Rubayyat Jahan
* Binoy Bashi Joldas
* Abul Kashem Khan
* Akram Khan
* Allauddin Khan
* Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan
* Morshed Khan
* Dipa Ma
* Arman Aziz
* Anandamayi Ma
* Abdul Mannan
* Suddhananda Mahathero
* Nusrat Faria Mazhar
* Adolph Medlycott
* Minhajul Abedin
* A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury
* Moniruzzaman
* Anagarika Munindra
* Masuma Rahman Nabila
* Wasfia Nazreen
* Ayub Quadri
* Gulamur Rahman
* Minar Rahman
* Mojibur Rahman
* Mihir Rakshit
* Ramesh Shil
* Tridev Roy
* Bibi Russell
* Iftekhar Sajjad
* Blanaid Salkeld
* Anupam Sen
* Nabinchandra Sen
* Rajat Sen
* Surya Sen
* Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
* Nikhil Baran Sengupta
* Jiban Ghoshal
* Tarakeswar Dastidar
* Ahmed Sharif
* Lokman Khan Sherwani
* L. K. Siddiqi
* Shakhawat Hossain Rony
* Shahidul Alam Sohel
* Jack Stephens
* Pritilata Waddedar
* Yasir Ali
* Motiur Rahman Munna
* Monica Yunus
* Muhammad Yunus
* Zamor