OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vimala Menon

Vimala Menon, known popularly as Kalamandalam Vimala Menon is an Indian dance teacher and Mohiniyattam exponent from Kerala. She is the founder and Director of Kerala Natya Academy in Thiruvananthapuram.

## Early life and education

Vimala was born into an affluent family in a village in Irinjalakuda, Thrissur district. She is the second of seven children born to S. K. Krishnan Nair, a civil engineer, and Vishalakshy Amma. Vimala learned her initial dance lessons from Thripunithura Vijaya Bhanu. She also had her training in Carnatic music under M. R. Madhusudhana Menon. After completing her school education, she joined Kerala Kalamandalam for a four-year diploma course in dance in 1960. At Kalamandalam, she had training in Mohiniyattam under the tutelage of Pazhayannoor Chinnammu Amma and Kalamandalam Satyabhama. She also studied Bharata Natyam under Thanjavoor Bhaskara Rao.
While working as a dance teacher in the Jawahar School at Neyveli Lignite Corporation, she married Viswanatha Menon. After the marriage in 1966, she accompanied her husband to live in Bhutan where he was an officer with Bhutan government. She has a son, Vinod and a daughter Vinduja Menon who acted in several Malayalam films, including Pavithram and Njan Gandharvan.
During her stay in Bhutan, Vimala taught dance in the Bhutan Government School and performed South Indian Classical dance in many places.

## Awards and honours

During her long career, Vimala Menon won several awards and honours, including the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award in 1991 and the Kendra Sangeeta Nataka Akademi Award in 2006. She received the All Kerala Social Service Association Award for Bharata Natyam in 1972. She won the Senior Fellowship Award for her research work in "Ramanattom in Mohiniyattom" by the Government of India's Cultural Department in 2004. Vimala also received the Kerala Kalamandalam Award for Dance from Kerala Kalamandalam for her contribution to South Indian Classical Dances. In 2014, she received the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship.
# Sergiu Luca

Sergiu Luca (4 April 1943, in Bucharest – 6 December 2010, in Houston) was a Romanian-born American violinist, renowned as an early music pioneer; during his career he performed and recorded on both baroque and modern violins.

## Biography

Sergiu Luca was born in Bucharest, Romania, but his family moved to Israel at his age of 7, and as a 9 year old he debuted with the Haifa Symphony Orchestra. Before going to the United States to study at the Curtis Institute with Ivan Galamian, he studied in London and Switzerland.
His American debut was Sibelius's Violin Concerto with the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1965, on which occasion he was chosen by Leonard Bernstein to play its first movement with him conducting the New York Philharmonic later that year. During his career he recorded J. S. Bach's entire oeuvre for solo violin, the Brandenburg Concertos (with Pablo Casals), and a portion of the romantic and 20th-century repertoire.
In 1971 he launched the Chamber Music Northwest festival in Portland, Oregon, in 1983 he took the direction of Houston's Texas Chamber Orchestra which he held until 1986 when he founded the Cascade Head Music Festival on the Oregon Coast, in 1988 he founded Da Camera Society of Houston. He was one of the founders of the Context chamber group. From 1983 until his death he was a professor at Rice University.
He died of cholangiocarcinoma in Houston, Texas, at the age of 67. He survived by his wife, Susan Archibald and their daughter, Lily Luca (born in 2006).
# Robert Reynolds (American football)

Robert Reynolds (born May 20, 1981) is an American former professional football linebacker of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL draft. He played college football at Ohio State.

## College career

Reynolds is known for an incident in college referred to as the Reynolds–Sorgi incident, where Reynolds intentionally choked Wisconsin Badgers quarterback Jim Sorgi, injuring Sorgi's trachea, after the play had been whistled dead.
On October 28, 2011, Reynolds made a public apology for the incident, citing his wife and four children as the reason he wanted to clear his reputation and be accountable for his actions. Reynolds also stated that he and Sorgi had made amends years prior to the interview.

## Professional career

Reynolds was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the fifth round (165th overall) of the 2004 NFL draft. He appeared in 14 games his rookie season including one start, recording 13 tackles.
In 2005, Reynolds appeared in all but one game for the Titans including one start and recorded a career-high 23 tackles (14 solo). In a Week 2 game against the Baltimore Ravens, Reynolds blocked a Dave Zastudil punt in the fourth quarter. The ball was recovered by Ravens safety Will Demps, who was tackled by Reynolds in the end zone for a safety.
Reynolds appeared in just four games in 2006, recording five tackles. He was placed on season-ending injured reserve on November 10 with a quadriceps injury.
A restricted free agent in the 2007 offseason, Reynolds was tendered a contract by the Titans on March 1. He signed the one-year tender offer on April 6, but was placed on injured reserve by the team on July 18.

## Personal life

Reynolds and his older brother, Patrick, are also believed to be the only siblings to win national championships at the BCS level (Robert) and at the I-AA level (Patrick, senior lineman for Western Kentucky's National Championship team). Both won in the 2002 season.
# Hans Lindbom

Hans Lindbom (born 12 February 1953) is a Swedish football manager. He has managed teams like Jönköpings Södra IF. and IF Elfborg
# Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Music Director

The Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Music Director is one of the annual awards given at the Kerala Film Critics Association Awards, honouring the best in Malayalam cinema.

## Superlatives

| Wins | Recipient(s) |
| 8 | M. Jayachandran |
| 5 | Johnson |
| 4 | Raveendran |
| 3 | G. Devarajan Vidyasagar |
| 2 | Ouseppachan |

## Winners

| Year | Recipient | Film |
| 1977 | G. Devarajan | Guruvayur Kesavan |
| 1978 | G. Devarajan | Various films |
| 1979 | G. Devarajan | Iniyethra Sandhyakal |
| 1980 | Jerry Amaldev | Manjil Virinja Pookkal |
| 1981 | Shyam | Thrishna |
| 1982 | M. B. Sreenivasan | Chillu |
| 1983 | Johnson | Koodevide |
| 1984 | Raveendran | Aduthaduthu, Ithiri Poove Chuvannapoove |
| 1985 | A. J. Joseph | Ente Kaanakkuyil |
| 1986 | Ravi Bombay | Nakhakshathangal, Panchagni |
| 1987 | Ouseppachan | Kakkothikkavile Appooppan Thaadikal |
| 1988 | Johnson | Isabella, Ponmuttayidunna Tharavu |
| 1989 | Mohan Sithara | Mudra, Chanakyan |
| 1990 | Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath | Innale |
| 1991 | Raveendran | Bharatham |
| 1992 | Johnson | Savidham, Kudumbasammetham |
| 1993 | M. G. Radhakrishnan | Devaasuram, Manichitrathazhu |
| 1994 | Sharreth | Pavithram |
| 1995 | Raveendran | Mazhayethum Munpe |
| 1996 | Johnson | Sallapam, Ee Puzhayum Kadannu |
| 1997 | Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri | Ennu Swantham Janakikutty, Kaliyattam |
| 1998 | Vidyasagar | Pranayavarnangal |
| 1999 | Vidyasagar | Chandranudikkunna Dikkil, Niram |
| 2000 | Raveendran | Mazha |
| 2001 | Ramesh Narayan | Meghamalhar |
| 2002 | Vidyasagar | Meesa Madhavan |
| 2003 | M. Jayachandran | Gaurisankaram, Balettan, Kanninum Kannadikkum |
| 2004 | Alphons Joseph | Jalolsavam |
| 2005 | M. Jayachandran | Nottam, Paranju Theeratha Visheshangal |
| 2006 | Alex Paul | Classmates |
| 2007 | M. Jayachandran | Nivedyam |
| 2008 | Johnson | Gulmohar |
| 2009 | Srinivas | Seetha Kalyanam |
| 2010 | M. Jayachandran | Karayilekku Oru Kadal Dooram |
| 2011 | M. G. Sreekumar | Oru Marubhoomikkadha |
| 2012 | M. Jayachandran | Celluloid |
| 2013 | Ratheesh Vega | Orissa |
| 2014 | Gopi Sundar | 1983, Naku Penda Naku Taka |
| 2015 | M. Jayachandran | Ennu Ninte Moideen, Nirnayakam |
| 2016 | M. Jayachandran | Kambhoji |
| 2017 | 4 Musics | Meezan, Sadrishavakyam 24: 29 |
| 2018 | Kailas Menon | Theevandi |
| 2019 | Ouseppachan | Evidey |
| 2020 | M. Jayachandran | Sufiyum Sujatayum |
| 2021 | Hesham Abdul Wahab | Hridayam, Madhuram |
| 2022 | Kavalam Sreekumar | Headmaster |
# Commuting probability

In mathematics and more precisely in group theory, the commuting probability (also called degree of commutativity or commutativity degree) of a finite group is the probability that two randomly chosen elements commute. It can be used to measure how close to abelian a finite group is. It can be generalized to infinite groups equipped with a suitable probability measure, and can also be generalized to other algebraic structures such as rings.

## Definition

Let $G$ be a finite group. We define $p(G)$ as the averaged number of pairs of elements of $G$ which commute:
    $p(G):={\frac {1}{\#G^{2}}}\#\!\left\{(x,y)\in G^{2}\mid xy=yx\right\}$
where $\#X$ denotes the cardinality of a finite set $X$.
If one considers the uniform distribution on $G^{2}$, $p(G)$ is the probability that two randomly chosen elements of $G$ commute. That is why $p(G)$ is called the commuting probability of $G$.

## Results

* The finite group $G$ is abelian if and only if $p(G)=1$.
* One has
       $p(G)={\frac {k(G)}{\#G}}$
    where $k(G)$ is the number of conjugacy classes of $G$.
* If $G$ is not abelian then $p(G)\leq 5/8$ (this result is sometimes called the 5/8 theorem) and this upper bound is sharp: there are infinitely many finite groups $G$ such that $p(G)=5/8$, the smallest one being the dihedral group of order 8.
* There is no uniform lower bound on $p(G)$. In fact, for every positive integer $n$ there exists a finite group $G$ such that $p(G)=1/n$.
* If $G$ is not abelian but simple, then $p(G)\leq 1/12$ (this upper bound is attained by ${\mathfrak {A}}_{5}$, the alternating group of degree 5).
* The set of commuting probabilities of finite groups is reverse-well-ordered, and the reverse of its order type is known to be either $\omega ^{\omega }$ or $\omega ^{\omega ^{2}}$.

## Generalizations

* The commuting probability can be defined for other algebraic structures such as finite rings.
* The commuting probability can be defined for infinite compact groups; the probability measure is then, after a renormalisation, the Haar measure.
# Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics

The Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that was established in 2003. It covers all aspects of theoretical physics. The editors-in-chief are Ammar Sakaji (International Institute for Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Prato, Italy) and Ignazio Licata (Institute for Scientific Methodology, Palermo, Italy) and the printed version is published by Aracne Editrice. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus.

## Majorana Prize

The journal annually awards the Majorana Prize, also known as the Majorana Medal, to recognize outstanding contributions to theoretical and mathematical physics. The prize is named for Italian physicist Ettore Majorana (1906–1938), a pioneer in neutrino physics and the quantum mechanics of spin. It is awarded in three categories:
* The Best Person in Physics
* The Best EJTP Special Issue Paper
* The Best EJTP Paper

### Best Person in Physics recipients

| Year | Recipient | Institution |
| 2006 | Erasmo Recami [it] | University of Bergamo |
| 2006 | E. C. George Sudarshan | University of Texas at Austin |
| 2007 | Lee Smolin | Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics |
| 2008 | Geoffrey Chew | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| 2009 | Mario Rasetti | Polytechnic University of Turin |
| 2010 | N. David Mermin | Cornell University |
| 2012 | Basil Hiley | University of London |
# Demóstenes (footballer)

Demóstenes Correia de Syllos (17 January 1892 – 11 August 1961), known as just Demóstenes, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward. He played in one match for the Brazil national football team in 1916. He was also part of Brazil's squad for the 1916 South American Championship.
# Abbas Aghaei

Abbas Aghaei (Persian: عباس آقایی, born September 2, 1977, in Sarab, East Azerbaijan) is a retired Iranian football player. He played as a midfielder for Tractor, Pas Tehran, Sepahan and Persepolis in the Iran Pro League as well as for the Iran national team.

## Club career

He spent most of his career at Pas Tehran. In 2004, he joined another IPL club, Sepahan, but returned to Pas after two seasons. In July 2007 Aghaei signed a one-year contract with Iranian giants Persepolis F.C., despite numerous offers from the UAE League from clubs such Al-Ahli.
He scored his first goal for Persepolis in August 2007 – a 37-yard free kick during a 2–0 win against Pegah F.C. He also scored the equalizer in the 7th week match against Pas Hamedan with a 25-yard volley.
He scored yet another 40-yard free kick against Sepahan, but it was not enough to prevent Persepolis suffering their first defeat of the season, losing 2–1. In all, he scored 7 goals for Persepolis. He signed a contract with Damash in June 2011.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League |
| 2004–05 | Sepahan | Pro League | 27 | 6 |
| 2005–06 | Sepahan | Pro League | 21 | 6 |
| 2006–07 | Pas | Pro League | 28 | 13 |
| 2007–08 | Persepolis | Pro League | 31 | 7 |
| 2008–09 | Saipa | Pro League | 3 | 0 |
| 2009–10 | Gostaresh | Division 1 | ? | 6 |
| 2010–11 | Gostaresh | Division 1 | 22 | 4 |
| 2011–12 | Damash | Pro League | 16 | 1 |
| 2012–13 | Sang Ahan | Division 1 | 10 | 1 |
| Total | Total | Total | | 44 |

## International career

He gained his first international cap for Iran on August 16, 2000, in a friendly versus Georgia. His appearances for the national team have been few, including in October 2006 when he was called up to join Team Melli in an LG cup tournament held in Jordan. In June 2007 he had his fifth cap for Iran in a friendly against Mexico.

## Honours

* Iran's Premier Football League Winner: 2
** 2003/04 with Pas Tehran
** 2007/08 with Persepolis
* Hazfi Cup Winner: 1
** 2006 with Sepahan
# Tyler Denny

Tyler Denny (born 2 July 1991) is an English professional boxer who is a former European middleweight champion. He has also held the English middleweight title and challenged for the Commonwealth championship in the same weight division.

## Career

A former Midlands Area amateur champion, Denny turned professional in 2015, defeating Shaun Watt on points in a four-round contest in his first pro-fight on 27 March that year.
Unbeaten in first 11 bouts, he faced Reece Cartwright for the vacant English middleweight title at Walsall Town Hall on 22 September 2018, losing the fight when the ringside doctor ordered it to be stopped in round eight due to facial injuries he had sustained.
Denny had a second attempt at winning the title on 30 November 2019, when he took on Linus Udofia at York Hall in London, but again fell short, losing by majority decision with two of the ringside judges scoring the fight 97–94 and 96–94 for his opponent, while the third had it a 95–95 draw.
On 13 November 2021, Denny hoped to make it third time lucky as he took on River Wilson-Bent for the English title at Coventry Skydome. However, the contest ended in a controversial technical draw when the referee stopped it in the seventh round because of a cut over Wilson-Bent's left eye caused by an accidental clash of heads. The judges' scorecards were split with one favouring each fighter and the other tied.
A rematch was ordered and took place on 25 June 2022 at the same venue. Denny won the fight to finally become English middleweight champion at the fourth time of asking via split decision with two judges giving the bout in his favour 97–93 and 96–93 respectively and the third scoring it 96–94 for Wilson-Bent.
He successfully defended his title with unanimous decision wins over Bradley Rea at Manchester Arena on 12 November 2022, and Brad Pauls at Wembley Arena in London on 11 February 2023.
Denny challenged European middleweight champion Matteo Signani at Wolverhampton Civic Hall on 18 November 2023, winning the bout when his opponent failed to answer the bell at the start of round eight.
He made his first defense of the title against Felix Cash at Resorts World Arena in Birmingham on 22 June 2024. The referee stopped the fight in the fifth round due to a cut on Cash's right eyelid caused by an accidental clash of heads. All three judges scorecards had Denny ahead at that point meaning he retained his crown via technical decision.
Denny faced Hamzah Sheeraz at Wembley Stadium on the undercard of the Anthony Joshua vs Daniel Dubois heavyweight world title contest on 21 September 2024, with his European title and his opponent's Commonwealth belt on the line. He lost by stoppage in the second round.

## Personal life

Denny worked as a plumber before becoming a full-time professional boxer.
# 123rd Street station

123rd Street is one of four Metra railroad stations in Blue Island, Illinois, along the Beverly Branch of the Rock Island District Line, and five within Blue Island generally. It is 15.2 miles (24.5 km) from LaSalle Street Station, the northern terminus of the line, and is named after and located on 123rd Street. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 123rd Street is in zone 2. As of 2018, 123rd Street is the 211th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 53 weekday boardings.
As of 2022, 123rd Street is served as a flag stop by 40 trains (20 in each direction) on weekdays, by 21 trains (10 inbound, 11 outbound) on Saturdays, and by 16 trains (eight in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.
123rd Street was originally in zone D of Metra’s zone-based fare system, but was moved into zone C as part of a pilot program that lowered fares on the Rock Island and Metra Electric District lines.
Parking is available on the northeast side of the tracks north along 123rd Street. The station is little more than an enclosed sheltered platform, and is a flag stop. No bus connections are available.
# Tom Flynn (umpire)

Thomas Flynn (c. 1849 – 21 April 1931) was an Australian cricket umpire who officiated four Test matches involving the Australian cricket team in the later part of the 19th century.

## Umpiring career

Flynn made his Test match debut in the game between Australia and England that took place in Melbourne from 1 January 1892; his umpiring colleague for the match was Jim Phillips. His last Test match, also with Phillips, was in Melbourne on 1 March 1895.
Flynn's appointment to the two Melbourne Cricket Ground Tests in the 1894–95 season proved uncontroversial. In between the two matches he was also nominated to umpire the fourth Test of the series at Sydney, alongside Phillips; the match followed the New South Wales game against Victoria, and Flynn was Victoria's regular umpire in first-class matches between 1891 and 1895. Although he had umpired the New South Wales v Victoria matches at Sydney in the four preceding seasons and had umpired a Test there in 1892, Flynn was refused permission to travel to Sydney by his employer in Melbourne, the Fitzroy Cricket Club, for whom he was the groundsman. The refusal provoked a walk-out by the players at the Fitzroy club as well as seeing editorials written in newspapers. The Sportsman wrote: "We have few enough good umpires, and ... Flynn is in the first flight... He was wanted in Sydney and should have been allowed to proceed there." Flynn did not dispute the Fitzroy club's ruling and did not travel to Sydney, but the club dismissed him anyway, which occasioned further newspaper disapproval. After standing in the Melbourne Test match, Flynn was reported to have been appointed as a groundsman at the East Melbourne Cricket Club; later in 1895, there was a report of him taking the same role at the WACA ground at Perth; but by the end of the year he had left cricket and taken up the running of a hotel in Charters Towers, Queensland, a goldmining boom town at the time.

## Later life and death

At the time of his death in Charters Towers, Queensland in 1931, he was reported to have been the manager of a meat works.
# 12th & I station

12th & I station is an at-grade light rail station on the Blue Line of the SacRT light rail system operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. The station is located alongside 12th Street at its intersection with I Street, after which the station is named, in the city of Sacramento, California.
Due to the tracks running in both directions on a one-way thoroughfare (12th Street is one-way southbound), wheelchair users can only access northbound trains from the adjacent curbside platform.
The stops are located adjacent to the former Sacramento Union Traction Depot, where the Sacramento Northern Railway interchanged with Central California Traction Company interurban services.

## Platforms and tracks

Side platform, doors open on the left or right :
| Northbound | ← Blue Line toward Watt/I-80 (Alkali Flat/La Valentina) |
| Southbound | → Blue Line toward Cosumnes River College (Cathedral Square) → |
# Ron Wright (umpire)

Ronald James John Wright (1913 – 14 June 1968) was an Australian Test cricket umpire.
Wright umpired 13 Test matches between 1948 and 1959. His first Test was between Australia and India at Adelaide Oval on 23 January to 28 January 1948, a match won by Australia by an innings, with Don Bradman scoring 201, Lindsay Hassett scoring 198 not out, and Ray Lindwall taking 7 wickets in the second innings. Wright's partner in this match was George Borwick. His last match was between Australia and the visiting England at Melbourne on 13 February to 18 February 1959, where the home team won comfortably. Les Townsend, officiating in his only Test match, was Wright's partner in this match.
Wright umpired 61 first-class matches between 1945 and 1961. Apart from eight of the Test matches he officiated in, all his matches as an umpire were in Melbourne.
# Daniel Levine (actor)

Daniel C. Levine (born July 30, 1972) is an American actor known for his theatre roles

## Early life and education

Born in Boston, Levine grew up in Framingham, Massachusetts. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in theatre and pre-medicine from Brandeis University in 1994 and briefly attended the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine.

## Career

Levine has performed in the Broadway shows Les Misérables, Chicago, Mamma Mia!, The Rocky Horror Show, Jesus Christ Superstar, Tommy, and Little Shop of Horrors. Levine co-starred in the musical version of Chicago with Debbie Gibson. He has also appeared in several films and commercials. He starred as Cousin Kevin in the National Tour of The Who's Tommy.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | No Such Thing | Pissing Kid | |
| 2008 | Calling It Quits | Todd | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1999 | Beverly Hills, 90210 | The Announcer | Episode: "Agony" |