# British Columbia Dragoons

The British Columbia Dragoons (BCD) is a Primary Reserve armoured reconnaissance regiment of the Canadian Army. It is based in Kelowna and Vernon, British Columbia, and is part of 3rd Canadian Division's 39 Canadian Brigade Group.

## Detachments

* Regimental Headquarters (Kelowna)
* A Squadron (Kelowna)

## Lineage
### The British Columbia Dragoons

* Originated on 1 April 1911, in Vernon, British Columbia, as one of two four-squadron regiments designated the British Columbia Horse.
* Reorganized on 1 December 1911, as the 1st Regiment, British Columbia Horse.
* Redesignated on 15 April 1912, as the 30th Regiment, British Columbia Horse.
* Redesignated on 15 March 1920, as The British Columbia Mounted Rifles.
* Redesignated on 15 March 1929, as The British Columbia Dragoons.
* Redesignated on 11 February 1941, as the 2nd (Reserve) Regiment, The British Columbia Dragoons.
* Redesignated on 1 April 1941, as the 9th (Reserve) Armoured Regiment, (The British Columbia Dragoons).
* Redesignated on 1 April 1946, as the 9th Reconnaissance Regiment (The British Columbia Dragoons), RCAC.
* Redesignated on 4 February 1949, as The British Columbia Dragoons (9th Reconnaissance Regiment).
* Redesignated on 19 May 1958, as The British Columbia Dragoons.

### Lineage chart

Lineage chart :
| 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | | | | | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | 1908 | | | | | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | B Independent Sqn, The CMR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1910 | 1910 | 1910 | 1910 | 1910 | 1910 | | | | | | | | | | | | | C Independent Sqn, The CMR | C Independent Sqn, The CMR | C Independent Sqn, The CMR | C Independent Sqn, The CMR | C Independent Sqn, The CMR | C Independent Sqn, The CMR | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1911 | 1911 | 1911 | 1911 | 1911 | 1911 | | | | | | | | | 1st Regt, "BC Horse" | 1st Regt, "BC Horse" | 1st Regt, "BC Horse" | 1st Regt, "BC Horse" | 1st Regt, "BC Horse" | 1st Regt, "BC Horse" | | | | | | | | | |
| 1912 | 1912 | 1912 | 1912 | 1912 | 1912 | | | | | | | | | 30th Regt, BC Horse | 30th Regt, BC Horse | 30th Regt, BC Horse | 30th Regt, BC Horse | 30th Regt, BC Horse | 30th Regt, BC Horse | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1914 | 1914 | 1914 | 1914 | 1914 | 1914 | 2nd Regt, CMR, CEF | 2nd Regt, CMR, CEF | 2nd Regt, CMR, CEF | 2nd Regt, CMR, CEF | 2nd Regt, CMR, CEF | 2nd Regt, CMR, CEF | | | | | | | Victoria Independent Sqn | Victoria Independent Sqn | Victoria Independent Sqn | Victoria Independent Sqn | Victoria Independent Sqn | Victoria Independent Sqn | | | 11th Regt, CMR, CEF | 11th Regt, CMR, CEF | 11th Regt, CMR, CEF | 11th Regt, CMR, CEF | 11th Regt, CMR, CEF | 11th Regt, CMR, CEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | B Sqn and HQ staff, 3rd Regt, CMR, CEF | B Sqn and HQ staff, 3rd Regt, CMR, CEF | B Sqn and HQ staff, 3rd Regt, CMR, CEF | B Sqn and HQ staff, 3rd Regt, CMR, CEF | B Sqn and HQ staff, 3rd Regt, CMR, CEF | B Sqn and HQ staff, 3rd Regt, CMR, CEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1916 | 1916 | 1916 | 1916 | 1916 | 1916 | 2nd CMR Bn, CEF | 2nd CMR Bn, CEF | 2nd CMR Bn, CEF | 2nd CMR Bn, CEF | 2nd CMR Bn, CEF | 2nd CMR Bn, CEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 11th "Overseas" CMR Bn, CEF | 11th "Overseas" CMR Bn, CEF | 11th "Overseas" CMR Bn, CEF | 11th "Overseas" CMR Bn, CEF | 11th "Overseas" CMR Bn, CEF | 11th "Overseas" CMR Bn, CEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF |
| 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | 1917 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | Absorbed by 24th Reserve Bn, CEF | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | 1920 | | | | | | | | | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | | | 2nd Regt (11th CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | |
| 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | | | | |
| 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | 1926 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Mounted Rifles | | | | | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | | | | | | | | | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | | | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | |
| 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | | | | | | | | | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | | | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | | | | | | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | 1929 | | | | | | | | | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 1st Regt (2nd CMR Bn, CEF), The BC Dragoons | | | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons | 2nd Regt (11th Regt CMR, CEF), The BC Dragoons |
| 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | 1936 | | | | | | | | | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | | | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | | | | | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | | | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | 1940 | | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | 5th Canadian Motorcycle Regt, CASF (BCD) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | The BC Dragoons, CASF | | | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | 2nd (Reserve) Regt, The BC Dragoons | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | | | | | | | | | |
| 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | 1941 | | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons), CASF | | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | 9th (Reserve) Armd Regt, (The BC Dragoons) | | | | | | | | |
| 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 1943 | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) CAC, CASF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | | | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | 9th Armd Regt (The BC Dragoons) RCAC, CASF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | 1946 | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | Disbanded | | | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | 9th Recce Regt (The BC Dragoons), RCAC | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | | | | | | | | | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | | | | | | | | | |
| 1958 | 1958 | 1958 | 1958 | 1958 | 1958 | | | | | | | | | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | The BC Dragoons | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | 1949 | | | | | | | | | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | The BC Dragoons (9th Recce Regt) | | | | | | | | |

## History
### Early history

The British Columbia Dragoons trace their origins to the formation of the Canadian Mounted Rifles, two independent squadrons of horse in Kamloops and Vernon in 1908. In 1910 two additional squadrons were raised and the regiment was renamed the British Columbia Horse. In 1912 the unit was reorganized into two separate regiments: the 30th Regiment, British Columbia Horse and the 31st Regiment, British Columbia Horse (later known as the British Columbia Hussars). 1914 saw the formation of the Victoria Independent Squadron on Vancouver Island.

### First World War

In the Great War the regiment was not mobilized, but in December 1914 many volunteers from the regiment joined the newly formed 2nd Regiment Canadian Mounted Rifles. After some limited service in France as cavalry, the unit was reroled to infantry as 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion on January 1, 1916. The battalion became part of the 8th Canadian Infantry Brigade, and fought with great luck and success on the Western Front. Despite being trained as cavalry but deployed as infantry, the regiment managed the war well. Captain "Jock" MacGregor was awarded the Victoria Cross for actions taken in the battle at Cambrai on September 29, 1918. The actions and awards of the 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles are perpetuated today by the British Columbia Dragoons, their direct descendants.
The British Columbia Dragoons perpetuate the following units of the Canadian Expeditionary Force:
* 2nd Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles
* 11th Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles

### 1920s–1930s

In the post-war reorganization, the regiment was renamed The British Columbia Mounted Rifles in 1920, and then to the name still carried today, The British Columbia Dragoons in 1929. Part of the reason for the change was to forever divorce the regiment from infantry duties.

### Second World War

When the Second World War loomed, the regiment once again stepped forward.
The regiment was designated the 5th Motorcycle Regiment (BCD), and later an armoured car unit. Finally made into an armoured regiment, the 9th Armoured Regiment (BCD), they were deployed to Italy as part of the 5th Armoured Brigade, 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division. The regiment saw heavy action in the Liri Valley, were the first unit to break through the Gustav Line in Italy, 1944, and helped smash the Gothic Line, holding Point 204 right in the centre of the line. They continued to fight until orders were given to move the regiment to North West Europe with the British-led 21st Army Group. They served with distinction until the end of the war, at which point the regiment was demobilized and returned to Militia service.

### Post war to present

The regiment has since seen many ups and downs, with losses of manpower and funding, hostile popular attitudes, and the ever-changing nature of Canada.
The 1970s and 1980s saw the deployment of individual members to Cyprus as part of the UN operations there as part of larger Canadian formations. The 1990s and the new century has seen numerous members deploy to Bosnia as part of NATO operations with the Implementation Force and the Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Regimental service personnel served overseas as part of NATO operations with the International Security Assistance Force (to 2014) in Afghanistan, and Operation Impact in the Middle East as well as on Operation Reassurance in Latvia, and on Operation Unifier in Ukraine prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Official links to other units
### Alliance

    Between Canadian and Commonwealth units
   * United Kingdom — The Royal Dragoon Guards

### Partnership

    Informal bond of friendship between a Canadian unit and a unit from an allied country
   * United States — 161st Infantry Regiment

## Battle honours

Battle honours in small capitals are for large operations and campaigns and those in lowercase are for more specific battles. Bold type indicates honours authorized to be emblazoned on the regimental guidon.

### Great War

* Mount Sorrel
* Somme, 1916
* Flers–Courcelette
* Ancre Heights
* Arras, 1917, '18
* Vimy, 1917
* Hill 70
* Ypres, 1917
* Passchendaele
* Amiens
* Scarpe, 1918
* Hindenburg Line
* Canal du Nord
* Cambrai, 1918
* Pursuit to Mons
* France and Flanders, 1915–18

### Second World War

* Liri Valley
* Melfa Crossing
* Gothic Line
* Pozzo Alto Ridge
* Lamone Crossing
* Naviglio Canal
* Fosso Munio
* Conventello–Comacchio
* Italy, 1944–1945
* IJsselmeer
* Delfzijl Pocket
* North-West Europe, 1945

### War in Afghanistan

* Afghanistan

## Recognition

The Freedom of the City was granted by the City of Kelowna on February 11, 1963.
The Freedom of the City was exercised by The British Columbia Dragoons in Vernon, British Columbia, on 10 May 2008.

## Cadet units

There are several Royal Canadian Army Cadets units spread across British Columbia which are affiliated to the British Columbia Dragoons.
| Corps | Location |
| 788 RCACC | Penticton |
| 903 RCACC | Kelowna |
| 1705 RCACC | Vernon |
| 3063 RCACC | Enderby |
Cadet units affiliated to the British Columbia Dragoons receive support from the regiment and also are given permission to wear traditional regimental accoutrements on their uniforms.

## Media

* Sinews of Steel: The History of the British Columbia Dragoons by R[eginald] H. Roy (1965)