# Washington County, Wisconsin

Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 136,761. Its county seat is West Bend. The county was created from Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and organized in 1845. It was named after President George Washington. Washington County is part of the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Washington County was created on December 7, 1836, by the Wisconsin Territory Legislature, with Port Washington designated as the county seat. It was run administratively from Milwaukee County until 1840, when an Act of Organization allowed the county self-governance, and the county seat was moved to Grafton, then called Hamburg. This solution was not satisfactory, as at that time four cities were vying to become the county seat: Port Washington, Grafton, Cedarburg, and West Bend. At least four inconclusive elections were held between 1848 and 1852, but the results were unusable due to accusations of foul play and serious irregularities.
In 1852, the state Legislature attempted to split the county into a northern and southern half, with the northern half retaining the name and the southern half becoming Tuskola County. Voters refused this decision, so in 1853 the Legislature again split the county, this time into a western and eastern portion. The western portion remained Washington County, with West Bend as its county seat, while the eastern portion became Ozaukee County, with Port Washington as its county seat.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km$^2$), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km$^2$) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km$^2$) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area.

### Major highways

* Interstate 41
* U.S. Highway 41
* U.S. Highway 45
* Highway 28 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 33 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 60 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 83 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 144 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 145 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 164 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 167 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 175 (Wisconsin)

### Railroads

* Canadian National
* Wisconsin and Southern Railroad

### Buses

Washington County was formerly served by the Washington County Commuter Express until 2023 when the county board elected to terminate the service without replacement, as of the end of 2023 there are no public transit options linking Washington County to the rest of the Milwaukee Metro area. Limited county sponsored shared ride taxi service remains available.

### Airports

Hartford Municipal Airport (KHXF) and West Bend Municipal Airport (KETB) serve the county and surrounding communities.
Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport is the nearest commercial airport.

### Adjacent counties

* Fond du Lac County - northwest
* Sheboygan County - northeast
* Ozaukee County - east
* Milwaukee County - southeast
* Waukesha County - south
* Dodge County - west

### Protected areas

* Ackerman's Grove County Park
* Allenton Marsh State Wildlife Area
* Goeden County Park
* Heritage Trails County Park
* Isadore and Lorraine Spaeth County Park
* Jackson Marsh State Wildlife Area
* Kettle Moraine State Forest (part)
* Leonard J. Yahr County Park
* Lizard Mound State Park
* Pike Lake State Park
* Sandy Knoll County Park
* Theresa Marsh State Wildlife Area (part)

## Demographics
### 2020 census

As of the census of 2020, the population was 136,761. The population density was 317.6 people per square mile (122.6 people/km$^2$). There were 58,311 housing units at an average density of 135.4 units per square mile (52.3 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 91.7% White, 1.4% Asian, 1.3% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 3.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 117,493 people, 43,842 households, and 32,749 families residing in the county. The population density was 273 people per square mile (105 people/km$^2$). There were 45,808 housing units at an average density of 106 units per square mile (41 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.69% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. 1.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 59.9% were of German, 6.3% Polish and 5.5% Irish ancestry. 95.5% spoke English, 2.0% German and 1.7% Spanish as their first language.
There were 43,842 households, out of which 36.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.20% were married couples living together, 7.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.30% were non-families. 20.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.70% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 31.50% from 25 to 44, 23.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 99.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.00 males.

## Communities
### Cities

* Hartford (partly in Dodge County)
* Milwaukee (mostly in Milwaukee County and Waukesha County)
* West Bend (county seat)

### Villages

* Germantown
* Jackson
* Kewaskum (partly in Fond du Lac County)
* Newburg (partly in Ozaukee County)
* Richfield
* Slinger

### Towns

* Addison
* Barton
* Erin
* Farmington
* Germantown
* Hartford
* Jackson
* Kewaskum
* Polk
* Trenton
* Wayne
* West Bend

### Census-designated place

* Allenton

### Unincorporated communities

* Ackerville
* Addison
* Aurora
* Boltonville
* Cedar Creek
* Cedar Lake
* Cheeseville
* Colgate
* Diefenbach Corners
* Fillmore
* Hubertus
* Kirchhayn
* Kohlsville
* Mayfield
* Myra
* Nenno
* Nabob
* Orchard Grove
* Pike Lake
* Pleasant Hill
* Rockfield
* Rugby Junction
* Saint Anthony
* Saint Lawrence
* Saint Michaels
* Thompson
* Toland's Prairie
* Victory Center
* Wayne
* Young America

## Public High Schools

* East High School
* Germantown High School
* Hartford Union High School
* Kewaskum High School
* Slinger High School
* West High School
The East High School and West High Schools share the same building but are separated.
The Slinger High School's Owls and the Hartford Union High School's Orioles have a rivalry, playing every year at the Coaches vs Cancer Game. Despite their rivalry they have a joint swim team.

## Government

The County Executive is Josh Schoemann, a Republican who is the 1st County Executive, with the office having been established in 2020.

## Politics

United States presidential election results for Washington County, Wisconsin :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 61,604 | 67.40% | 28,504 | 31.18% | 1,299 | 1.42% |
| 2020 | 60,237 | 68.40% | 26,650 | 30.26% | 1,183 | 1.34% |
| 2016 | 51,740 | 67.41% | 20,852 | 27.17% | 4,165 | 5.43% |
| 2012 | 54,765 | 69.55% | 23,166 | 29.42% | 811 | 1.03% |
| 2008 | 47,729 | 64.14% | 25,719 | 34.56% | 963 | 1.29% |
| 2004 | 50,641 | 69.88% | 21,234 | 29.30% | 592 | 0.82% |
| 2000 | 41,162 | 67.03% | 18,115 | 29.50% | 2,135 | 3.48% |
| 1996 | 25,829 | 52.96% | 17,154 | 35.18% | 5,784 | 11.86% |
| 1992 | 22,739 | 45.41% | 13,339 | 26.64% | 13,995 | 27.95% |
| 1988 | 24,328 | 60.01% | 15,907 | 39.24% | 304 | 0.75% |
| 1984 | 25,279 | 65.54% | 12,966 | 33.61% | 328 | 0.85% |
| 1980 | 23,213 | 58.81% | 12,944 | 32.79% | 3,314 | 8.40% |
| 1976 | 18,798 | 55.17% | 14,422 | 42.33% | 850 | 2.49% |
| 1972 | 15,338 | 56.81% | 10,434 | 38.64% | 1,229 | 4.55% |
| 1968 | 12,439 | 54.96% | 8,104 | 35.81% | 2,088 | 9.23% |
| 1964 | 9,191 | 44.21% | 11,563 | 55.62% | 37 | 0.18% |
| 1960 | 11,452 | 57.29% | 8,523 | 42.63% | 16 | 0.08% |
| 1956 | 12,167 | 72.93% | 4,447 | 26.66% | 69 | 0.41% |
| 1952 | 12,626 | 73.84% | 4,440 | 25.96% | 34 | 0.20% |
| 1948 | 6,876 | 59.46% | 4,495 | 38.87% | 194 | 1.68% |
| 1944 | 8,921 | 69.44% | 3,840 | 29.89% | 86 | 0.67% |
| 1940 | 8,501 | 63.54% | 4,683 | 35.00% | 196 | 1.46% |
| 1936 | 3,589 | 29.68% | 7,129 | 58.96% | 1,374 | 11.36% |
| 1932 | 2,209 | 20.11% | 8,570 | 78.02% | 206 | 1.88% |
| 1928 | 4,163 | 41.13% | 5,827 | 57.57% | 132 | 1.30% |
| 1924 | 1,987 | 24.44% | 980 | 12.05% | 5,164 | 63.51% |
| 1920 | 5,949 | 76.78% | 1,328 | 17.14% | 471 | 6.08% |
| 1916 | 2,892 | 50.30% | 2,732 | 47.52% | 125 | 2.17% |
| 1912 | 1,799 | 38.26% | 2,425 | 51.57% | 478 | 10.17% |
| 1908 | 2,588 | 48.54% | 2,625 | 49.23% | 119 | 2.23% |
| 1904 | 2,565 | 52.00% | 2,243 | 45.47% | 125 | 2.53% |
| 1900 | 2,614 | 50.24% | 2,524 | 48.51% | 65 | 1.25% |
| 1896 | 2,877 | 53.19% | 2,404 | 44.44% | 128 | 2.37% |
| 1892 | 1,700 | 39.04% | 2,624 | 60.27% | 30 | 0.69% |
Like most other suburban counties surrounding Milwaukee (the "WOW counties"), Washington County is a Republican stronghold. Since 1940, the county has been won by the Republican presidential candidate in every election except 1964, as is the case in neighboring Ozaukee and Waukesha counties. Additionally, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and Jimmy Carter are the only Democratic presidential candidates since the 1936 election to have crossed the 40 percent mark. In 2008, while Barack Obama won Wisconsin by 14 points, Washington County, one of the 13 out of 72 counties to vote for his Republican rival John McCain was his weakest county in the state, as McCain won it by almost 30 points; and other WOW counties were the only three counties where Obama did not win 40 percent of the vote.