# Maricopa County Recorder's Office

The Maricopa County Recorder's Office is a county office located in Maricopa County, Arizona. It has three primary statutory functions: document recordation, voter registration, and early voting.

## Maricopa County Recorder

Justin Heap became the 31st Recorder of Maricopa County in 2025.
Stephen Richer was the 30th Recorder of Maricopa County. He was elected in November 2020 and took office January 2021. Richer defeated the Democratic incumbent Adrian Fontes by 4,599 votes. Stephen Richer graduated with a bachelor's degree from Tulane University and obtained a juris doctor degree from the University of Chicago.
In 2019, Richer conducted a partisan audit and drafted a 229 page report which aired unfounded election conspiracies related to the 2018 election. Richer's audit alleged Fontes engaged in partisanship and questionable election related practices conspiring with Democratic candidates to gain partisan advantage while presenting an affidavit of a voter who claimed that when he arrived at the polling location he was given a ballot that was pre-filled out for Democratic candidates Sinema and Stanton as anecdotal evidence, which Richer then insinuated was evidence of a more widespread voter fraud conspiracy by Fontes to rig the 2018 election.
After taking office, Richer faced scrutiny from his constituent base who elected him to office based on promises that if elected he would solve the election related issues he aired in his audit of the 2018 election. Republican Kari Lake criticized Stephen Richer after losing the 2022 Arizona gubernatorial race by over 16,000 votes.
Dissatisfaction with Richer continued to grow and he was publicly disparaged for disagreeing that the 2020 election was stolen by Democrats in favor of Biden instead of Trump. Richer discussed this in an interview with 60 Minutes that aired on October 7, 2024.
In February 2025, Richer was listed in a bomb threat among others such as George Conway, Mark Cuban, and Michael Fanone. The text of the email said that they deserve to die.

### Previous Recorders of Maricopa County

Maricopa County Recorders Since 1871 :
| Maricopa County Recorders | Date |
| Justin Heap | 2025 - Present |
| Stephen Richer | 2021 - 2025 |
| Adrian Fontes | 2017 - 2020 |
| Helen Purcell | 1989 - 2016 |
| Keith Poletis | 1984 - 1988 |
| Bill Henry | 1978 - 1983 |
| Tom Freestone | 1974 - 1978 |
| Paul N. Marston | 1969 -1974 |
| Clifford H. Ward | 1963 - 1968 |
| N.C. "Kelly" Moore Dec | 1957 - 1963 |
| Roger G. Laveen | 1939 - 1956 |
| William H. Linville | 1931 - 1938 |
| J.K. Ward | 1929 - 1930 |
| William H. Linville | 1923 - 1928 |
| Edith M. Jacobs | 1919 - 1922 |
| Vernon L. Vaughn | 1912 - 1918 |
| Clay F. Leonard | 1905 - 1912 |
| B. Frank McFall | 1901 - 1904 |
| Frederick W. Sheridan | 1897 - 1900 |
| John W. Kincaid | 1895 - 1896 |
| Winthrop Sears | 1895 |
| Neri Ficklin Osborn | 1889 -1894 |
| Henry Lincoln Wharton | 1887 - 1888 |
| William Robertson Morris | 1885 - 1886 |
| Neri Ficklin Osborn | 1883 - 1884 |
| Richard Frank Kirkland | 1881 - 1882 |
| William F. McNulty | 1877 - 1880 |
| James A. Parker | 1875 - 1876 |
| Charles F. Cate | 1873 - 1874 |
| J.R. Darroche | 1872 |
| James L. Mercer | 1871 - 1872 |

## History

The Maricopa County Recorder's Office's first recorded document took place in 1871 and was recorded by the first Maricopa County Recorder, James L. Mercer.

## Statutory functions

The Recorder's Office has three main statutory functions in Maricopa County: document recordation, voter registration, and early voting.

## Document recordation

One of the responsibilities of the Maricopa County Recorder's Office is the recordation and maintenance of public documents. These public records include an array of documents but the vast majority are real-estate related. The Office records approximately 1 million documents annually and interacts with 3,000 to 5,000 customers on a daily basis. Currently, the Recorder's Office offers over 50 million searchable public documents dating back to 1871. The majority of documents are recorded digitally. Documents can now be E-recorded in Maricopa County.

### Maricopa Title Alert

In June 2023, the Maricopa County Recorder's Office launched Maricopa Title Alert. This program monitors recorded documents in Maricopa County and alerts subscribers if a document is recorded in a specific individual's name and/or business name. There are currently over 45,000 individuals signed up for this free service.

## Voter registration

The Maricopa County Recorder's Office is responsible for maintaining the voter registration data for all of Maricopa County. As of October 2023, there were over 2.5 million active registered voters in Maricopa County.

### 2022 voter list maintenance

Recorder Stephen Richer highlighted in the Maricopa Recorder's Office's 2022 Annual Report his work in "...cleaning the voter rolls..." and mentioned how, despite being the fastest growing county in the United States, the total number of active registered voters decreased by 160,000. He mentioned how he accomplished this by making this a priority for his office and through the hiring of a new Voter Registration Department Director, increasing staff, and improving technology.

## Early voting

The Maricopa County Recorder's Office directs the daily operations of all election services, as it relates to campaign finance, candidate filing, and early voting activities, in accordance with all applicable laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations. The Director will provide direct oversight for the majority. of election services for which the County Recorder is statutorily responsible. The Recorder's duties are expansive with regard to voter registration, early voting, and provisional ballots. Some of these responsibilities, as defined in Arizona Statue are listed below.
* Voter registration
* Ensuring compliance with the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
* Maintaining voter rolls and inactive voter lists
* Petition and other candidate nomination challenges
* Certifying, creating, and distributing precinct registers
* Administering early voting and special district mail ballot elections
* Provisional ballots and voter challenges
Additionally, the office partners with the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors in the planning and executing of jurisdictional, county, state, and federal level elections.

## Office locations

* Main Downtown Office - 111 S. Third Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85003
* Southeast Mesa Office - 222 E. Javelina, Mesa, AZ 85210
* Elections MCTEC Office - 510 S. Third Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85003