OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battles of Idar

The battles of Idar were three major battles fought in the principality of Idar between the armies of the two princes of Idar, Bhar Mal who was supported by the Gujarat Sultanate under Muzaffar Shah II and Rai Mal who was supported by the Rajputs under Rana Sanga. The main reason for Rana Sangas involvement in these battles was to reinstate Rai Mal to his rightful throne and to weaken the growing power of the Gujarat Sultanate. In 1517 Rai Mal with the help of Rana Sanga was able to successfully defeat Muzzafar Shah II and retake his kingdom.

## Background

When Sanga came to the throne, the Gujarat Sultanate was at the meridian of its power and prosperity under Muzaffar Shah II. It was through Idar that Sanga came into collision with the Sultan of Gujarat. Idar, was a small Rathore Rajput principality situated on the borders of Gujarat. Its ruler, Rao Bhan, died, leaving two sons, Suraj Mal and Bhim. Suraj Mal succeeded to the throne but died after a reign of 18 months, leaving a minor son Rai Mal, who became the Rao of Idar. He was, however, deposed by Bhim, who usurped the throne. Rai Mal fled to Chittor for shelter. Bhim died a few days after this, and his son Bhar Mal, became Rao of Idar. Rai Mal on growing up to manhood claimed his patrimony with the assistance of Maharana Sanga, in A.D. 1514 he regained Idar, expelling Bhar Mal, who appealed for help to Sultan Muzaffar Shah II of Gujarat Sultanate.

## Second battle

The Sultan at this time was on the borders of Malwa watching developments in that country. When the envoys of Bhar Mal reached Muzaffar II, he sent Nizam-ul-mulk with an army to reinstate Bhar Mal on the gadi of Idar. The Mirat-i-sikandari says that" in A.D. 1517, Rai Mal fought with the Gujarat armies and was sometimes defeated sometimes victorious." Ferishta says that Rai Mal was defeated and that he retired to the hilly tract of Bijanagar. Nizam-ul-mulk after reinstating Bhar Mal on the gadi of Idar, went in pursuit of Rai Mal. Rai Mal issued from the hills and attacked the Gujarat army. In the battle that took place, Nizam-ul-mulk was severely defeated and his best officers and soldiers were slain. The Sultan thereupon recalled Nizam-ul-mulk to Ahmadabad.

## Third battle

In A.D. 1517, Rai Mal Rathore, assisted by the Maharana re-entered the Idar territory. The Sultan of Gujarat sent his general Zahir-ul-mulk, with a large army against him. Zahir-ul-mulk was, however, attacked by Rai Mal and defeated with great slaughter. Zahir-ul-mulk was killed at the head of his cavalry and the Sultan's army fled to Gujarat. The Sultan now sent Nasrat-ul-mulk, but he too failed to achieve any success against Rai Mal.

## Aftermath

Idar was won over by Rai mal Rathore with the help of Rana Sanga but Muzaffar Shah once again took Idar in 1520 leading to Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat in which Rana Sanga effectively weakened the Sultanates power by plundering its treasuries and by reinstating Rai mal Rathore as the Rao of Idar.
# William H. Casey

William Howard Casey (born 1955) is distinguished professor of chemistry and professor of geology at the University of California, Davis. He has made major contributions in the fields of aqueous geochemistry and inorganic solution chemistry. He has in particular received international awards for his work on the use of heteronuclear ambient and high-pressure NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques in elucidation the solution chemistry of discrete metal oxide clusters such as aluminum hydroxides and polyoxoniobates, and has been elected Fellow of the American Chemical Society and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The mineral Caseyite is named in his honour.

## Education

Casey obtained a B.A. from University of the Pacific (United States) in 1976, an M.Sc. from the University of California, Davis in 1980 and a Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University in 1985. Following five years as a geochemist at Sandia National Laboratories he was appointed professor in Geology at University of California, Davis in 1991, and professor in Chemistry in 2005.

## Awards

* Fellow, American Chemical Society, 2019
* Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2017
* Clair C. Patterson Award, Geochemical Society, 2016
* Science Innovation Award The Science innovation award and Werner Stumm medal, 2010
* Fellow, Geochemical Society
* Fellow, European Association of Geochemistry
# Keyserløkka

Keyserløkka is a neighborhood in the borough of Grünerløkka in Oslo, Norway.
It was originally farmland under Tøyen. In 1850 it was given to professor Rudolf Keyser. It was later sold to the municipality, and built up with larger buildings between 1949 and 1956.
# Trax (album)

Trax (トラックス, torakkusu) is the debut and only studio album from Japanese electronic music group Ravex, which consists of Shinichi Osawa (also known as Mondo Grosso), Tomoyuki Tanaka (also known as Fantastic Plastic Machine) and M-Flo's member Taku Takahashi.

## Track listings
### CD

* "I Rave U (Original)"
* "Rock U feat. Namie Amuro"
* "Just the Two of Us feat. Tohoshinki"
* "House Nation feat. Lisa"
* "Bangalicious feat. Anna Tsuchiya"
* "Believe in Love feat. BoA"
* "New Eccentric Girl (New エキセントリックガール, Nyū Ekisentorikku Gāru) feat. Chisa (Girl Next Door)"
* "Golden Luv feat. Maki Goto"
* "V.I.P.P. (Very Important Party People) feat. TRF & Verbal (M-Flo)"
* "1 More Night feat. Monkey Majik"
* "Waruiko Mitsuketa. (悪い子みつけた。, I Found a Bad Kid.) feat. Yūko Andō"
* "I Rave U feat. DJ Ozma"

### DVD

* "Ravex in Tezuka World" (Tezuka Productions Original Animation)
* "Believe in Love feat. BoA" (Music Video)
* "I Rave U feat. DJ Ozma" (Music Video)
* "Mega Ravex" (Original PV, "Ravex in Tezuka World")
# Nathan Reitz

Nathan D. Reitz is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 116th district. The 116th, located in Southern Illinois, includes all or portions of Monroe, Perry, Randolph, and St. Clair counties. Reitz was appointed to office after Jerry Costello II was appointed by J. B. Pritzker to be director of law enforcement for the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Nathan Reitz, the son of former Representative Dan Reitz, previously served as an alderman in Steeleville, Illinois.
In the 2020 general election, Reitz lost to Republican candidate David Friess by a large margin.
# Treasure EP.1: All to Zero

Treasure EP.1: All to Zero is the debut EP by South Korean boy band Ateez. It was released on October 24, 2018, with "Pirate King" and "Treasure" serving as the album's singles. It reached number seven on the Gaon Album Chart and sold 57,777 copies in South Korea.

## Charts

Chart performance for Treasure EP.1: All to Zero :
| Chart (2018–2021) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 153 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 175 |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 39 |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 7 |
| US World Albums (Billboard) | 12 |
# Ray Isherwood

Raymond Charles Isherwood (29 January 1938 in Melbourne, Victoria – 24 September 2014 in Adelaide, South Australia) was an Australian Test cricket umpire.
Isherwood umpired in three Test matches between 1984 and 1985. His first match was between Australia and the West Indies at Sydney on 30 December 1984 to 2 January 1985, won by Australia by an innings and 55 runs, upsetting the powerful West Indians on a turning pitch. Kepler Wessels scored 173 and Bob Holland took 10 wickets. Isherwood's partner was Mel Johnson. Wisden reported that "relations between the teams, already strained following incidents earlier in the series, were further affected by a verbal clash … following an unsuccessful appeal. The umpires reported the matter to the Australian Cricket Board, but no action was taken against the players involved."
Isherwood's last Test match was between Australia and India at Melbourne on 26 December to 30 December 1985, a drawn match. Allan Border and Greg Matthews scored centuries, and Bruce Reid took 6 of the 12 Indian wickets to fall. Isherwood’s colleague was Dick French.
Isherwood umpired 21 One Day International (ODI) matches between 1979 and 1986. Altogether, he umpired 30 first-class matches in his career between 1971 and 1985, the Test match against India being his last.
Off the field Isherwood was a manager for an electrical retailer.
# Treasure EP.3: One to All

Treasure EP.3: One to All is the third extended play by South Korean boy band Ateez. It was released on June 10, 2019. It debuted at number two on the Gaon Album Chart, as well as the top 10 of the US Billboard World Albums and Top Heatseekers charts. On May 27, two performance videos were released for the tracks "Illusion" and "Wave". A fan vote was held to decide which song would be chosen as the EP's single. It was later revealed on the album's release date that both songs would serve as singles.

## Charts

Weekly charts :
| Chart (2019–20) | Peak position |
| Australian Digital Albums (ARIA) | 35 |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 14 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 25 |
| Polish Albums (ZPAV) | 49 |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 2 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 9 |
| US World Albums (Billboard) | 8 |
Year-end charts :
| Chart (2019) | Position |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 39 |

## Accolades

Year-end lists :
| Critic/Publication | List | Song | Rank |
| BuzzFeed | Best K-Pop Music Videos of 2019 | "Wave" | 26 |
| BuzzFeed | 37 of the Best K-Pop Songs of 2019, According to Fans | "Illusion" | 12 |
| MTV | The Best K-Pop B-Sides of 2019 | "Utopia" | 13 |
| Sound Digest | Top 16 K-Pop Songs of 2019 | "Wave" | 6 |
Music Program Awards :
| Song | Program | Date |
| "Wave" | M Countdown (Mnet) | June 20, 2019 |
| "Wave" | The Show (SBS MTV) | June 25, 2019 |
# Peter Parker (umpire)

Peter Douglas Parker (born 20 July 1959) is an Australian Test cricket match umpire and former cricketer. He was a member of the International Panel of ICC Umpires between 2003 and 2008.

## Playing career

Parker played junior representative cricket for Queensland before playing in Brisbane Grade Cricket. He gave up playing when he broke his thumb twice in a season.

## Umpiring career

He umpired ten Test matches between 1993 and 2008. His first match was between Australia and New Zealand at Brisbane on 3 December to 7 December 1993, won by Australia by an innings and 96 runs, with Allan Border and Steve Waugh scoring centuries, and Shane Warne and Craig McDermott taking 8 and 6 wickets respectively. Parker's partner was Steve Randell.
Parker's last Test match in Australia was between Australia and the West Indies at Perth on 1 December to 3 December 2000, won by Australia by an innings and 27 runs with Mark Waugh scoring a century, and wickets being shared by Glenn McGrath (who took a hat-trick), Brett Lee, Jason Gillespie and Stuart MacGill. Parker's partner was the English umpire John Hampshire. Parker retired to focus on his career away from the game in October 2008.
# Spring Lake station

Spring Lake is a commuter railroad station in the borough of Spring Lake, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Located near the border with Spring Lake Heights, trains are served by New Jersey Transit's North Jersey Coast Line, which serve stations from New York Penn Station, Hoboken Terminal and Long Branch to Bay Head. The next station northward is Belmar, while the next station south is Manasquan. Spring Lake station lacks accessibility for handicapped persons per the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990.

## History

Service through Spring Lake began on October 11, 1875, when the New York and Long Branch Railroad was extended south from Ocean Beach station (now Belmar) to Sea Girt. Spring Lake station was built on property of William V. Reid, a local landowner. In May 2011, ticket vending machines were installed at the east side of the Spring Lake station.

## Station layout

The station has two low-level asphalt side platforms.
# Crum Lynne station

Crum Lynne station is a station on the SEPTA Wilmington/Newark Line. Though the station sits along the Northeast Corridor, it is not served by any Amtrak intercity services. The station, located at Chester Pike (US 13) & West Ridley Avenue in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania, is actually northeast of the community the station is named for. It was named by a then-Pennsylvania Railroad vice president after Crumlin, Wales, where his mother was born. It includes a 14-space parking lot, and sheltered platforms on both West Ridley Avenue and Chester Pike.

## Station layout

Crum Lynne has two low-level side platforms with walkways connecting passengers to the inner tracks. Amtrak's Northeast Corridor lines bypass the station via the inner tracks.
# Nachtblut

Nachtblut ("night blood" in German) is a German gothic/melodic black metal band formed in Osnabrück in 2005. They signed a deal with Napalm Records for their third album. In 2013 they performed during Wacken Open Air and Summer Breeze Open Air. In 2014, 2017, and 2022 Nachtblut lined up Wave-Gotik-Treffen festival in Leipzig. To date, Nachtblut has released seven studio albums. In October 2020 Nachtblut released their sixth album called Vanitas; a special edition of the album saw the CD come in wooden box that also featured playing cards, a leather wrist band, and a Satanic certificate, and was limited to 500 copies.

## Members
### Current members

* Skoll – drums (2005–present)
* Greif – guitars (2005–present)
* Askeroth – vocals (2005–present)
* Ablaz – bass (2016–present)

### Former members

* Sacerdos – bass, backing vocals (?-2012)
* Lymania – keyboards (2006–2015)
* Trym – bass (2012–2016)
* Amelie – keyboards (2016–2018)

## Discography

* Das Erste Abendmahl (self-release, 2007)
* Antik (self-release, 2011 reissued by Napalm Records with bonus material, 2009)
* Dogma (Napalm Records, 2012)
* Chimonas (Napalm Records, 2014)
* Apostasie (Napalm Records, 2017)
* Vanitas (2020)
* Todschick (2025)
# Gensi Township

Gensi Township (simplified Chinese: 根思乡; traditional Chinese: 根思鄉; pinyin: Gēnsī Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Taixing, Jiangsu, China. As of As of 2020, it administers the following ten villages:
Gensi Village
* Laoye Village (老叶村)
* Jugu Village (鞠顾村)
* Nanhu Village (南湖村)
* Jingdi Village (井坔村)
* Lixiuhe Village (李秀河村)
* Shuanggang Village (双港村)
* Shuanglian Village (双联村)
* Xingang Village (新港村)
* Xingxu Village (兴许村)
# Mark Harrington

Mark Harrington may refer to:
* Mark Harrington (HIV/AIDS activist) (born 1959 or 1960), American AIDS activist
* Mark Harrington (anti-abortion activist), American anti-abortion activist
* Mark Raymond Harrington (1882–1971), American archeologist
* Mark Harrington (painter) (born 1952), American-born Europe-based painter
* Mark Walrod Harrington (1848–1926), American meteorologist
# Kotlet schabowy

Kotlet schabowy (Polish pronunciation: ) is a Polish variety of a breaded cutlet of pork coated with breadcrumbs. It is similar to Viennese schnitzel or Italian cotoletta, French côtelette de veau frite (or côtelette Menon), North and South American milanesa, and Japanese tonkatsu.
The history of schabowy dates back to the 19th century. Different recipes for cutlets such as schabowy are featured in an 1860 cookbook by Lucyna Ćwierczakiewiczowa, 365 obiadów za pięć złotych (365 Dinners for Five Złoty), but are missing from the 1786 cookbook by Wojciech Wielądek called Kucharz doskonały (The Perfect Chef), suggesting that the dish was not known (or at least not popular) before the 19th century. Typical ingredients include eggs, lard or oil, spices, pork loin with or without the bone, breadcrumbs and flour.
Pork tenderloin is cut into one-inch slices and pounded with a mallet until it becomes thinner and soft. It is marinated in milk and onions. The meat is dipped in flour, then in egg, and then covered in breadcrumbs. Oil or lard is heated in a frying pan until it starts to sizzle and the meat is placed onto it, then turned over a couple of times. Kotlet schabowy can be served with cooked potatoes, mashed potatoes, fried mushrooms, cooked vegetables (seared cabbage), salads or coleslaw.
# Brownstown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania

Brownstown is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 744 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area and also part of Johnstown's urban area.

## Geography

Brownstown is located in southwestern Cambria County at 40°20′01″N 78°56′14″W﻿ / ﻿40.33361°N 78.93722°W﻿ / 40.33361; -78.93722 (40.3336,-78.9371). It is bordered to the south by Westmont. The borough sits on a hill on the west side of the Conemaugh River valley and is 2 miles (3 km) northwest of the center of Johnstown by road.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.23 square miles (0.6 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 883 people, 354 households, and 259 families living in the borough. The population density was 3,467.6 people per square mile (1,338.8 people/km$^2$). There were 372 housing units at an average density of 1,460.9 per square mile (564.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the borough was 99.32% White, 0.23% African American, 0.11% Asian, and 0.34% from two or more races.
There were 354 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $33,043, and the median income for a family was $36,645. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $17,386 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $13,494. About 5.3% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under the age of 18 and 5.2% who were 65 or older.
# Ağlı

Ağlı (IPA:) is a town in the Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Ağlı District. Its population is 2,110 (2021). The town lies at an elevation of 1,276 m (4,186 ft).

## History

The history of Ağlı descends to the depths of the First Age, with no definite evidence at hand. Findings from this period indicate that various civilizations have come and gone on these lands. B.C. It is known that between 1100 and 700 Kastamonu and its surrounding Paflagans were ruled. The history of Kastamonu shows that the tribes such as Byzantines, Danishmenders, Shepherds and Candaros ruled in and around Ağlı. It has been under the Byzantine rule for a long time. The most important work that has come to this day is Ağal Kalesidir. Kastamonu and its surroundings also participated in the Ottoman Empire after İsmail Bey did not resist Fatih and gave up his sovereignty rights in order to prevent his sister from casting. A municipal organization was established in 1918.
# Conny Wessmann

Cornelia "Conny" Wessmann was a 24-year-old student who died on 17 November 1989, during a police raid in Göttingen, West Germany.

## Events

On that day, neo-Nazis rioted in the city centre of Göttingen. At that time, it was often the case that neo-Nazis attacked left-wing institutions or refugee centres. Antifa groups and other people tried to stop the attacks of the Nazis by mobilizing people with telephone chains. Wessmann was part of such a group. When her group arrived at the scene, the neo-Nazis were already stopped by the police and brought out of town. The police then followed her group which planned to dissolve near the university campus. Close to the busy Weender Landstraße, the group was attacked by police forces. Trying to escape over the street, Wessmann collided with a car and died.

## Aftermath

Left-wing groups then blamed the police because of the sudden attack at this dangerous location. The incident got some attention in the media and the Green Party put forward an inquiry in the Parliament of Lower Saxony. To the criticism of the police contributed the fact that the police discussed over radio before the raid whether they "flatten them" (German: plattmachen). The meaning of this term was debated in the period immediately after the death and into the investigation.
The official investigation concluded that neither the police nor the car driver could be held responsible for what happened that day.
# Fraziers Bottom, West Virginia

Fraziers Bottom is an unincorporated community in Putnam County, West Virginia, United States. The community was named after a family of Fraziers, who settled the area in the late 18th century after migrating there from present day Virginia. The zip code is 25082. As of 2020, the population is 1,720 people.

## Cultural impact

The town was the setting for the film Win a Date with Tad Hamilton.
# Brugse Vrije

The Brugse Vrije was a castellany in the county of Flanders, often called in English "the Franc of Bruges". It included the area around Bruges, and was bordered by the North Sea, the Westerschelde and the Yser river. The city of Bruges was separated from the castellany in 1127. Since then the city and the Vrije were considered as separate customary law areas. The Brugse Vrije was a rich agricultural region. It had its own burgrave, who was seated at the Burg, a square in Bruges, and became part of the Four Members of Flanders at the end of the 14th century, together with the three major cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres. The Brugse Vrije sat in the meetings of the States of Flanders.

## Organisation

The castellany of Bruges was founded at around the year 1000 under the rule of Count Baldwin IV of Flanders (980–1035) as part of the county of Flanders. The head of the castellany was a burgrave, who represented the Count of Flanders. The burgrave was replaced by a bailiff in the 12th century. The fief was first called the Castellany of Bruges, but later took on the name Brugse Vrije. In Middle Ages it was divided into Amts.

## The Manor

The governing body of the Brugse Vrije was located at the Burg, the square in Bruges where both the civil and ecclesiastical administration were located. Initially the Vrije was seated next to the Steen (castle of the count), on the west side of the Burg. In the 15th century, the Vrije moved to the other side, where it took over a portion of the count's former court, the Dukes of Burgundy having moved their residence to the newly built Prinsenhof (Bruges) [nl]. In 1434–1440 the Vrije added a tribunal to the southern side, facing towards Groenerei [nl], a canal in Bruges. In 1520–1525, the complex was extended along the row with a new high tribunal, the aldermen's chamber and an entrance-hall. The architect was Jan van de Poele. A gallery with high arches was built on the Burg-side in 1528–1532. In 1606–1607, a chapel was added next to the aldermen's chamber and in 1664–1666 an orphan room, in which records of the castellany's orphans were kept. The still existing façades on the Groenerei side was built at this time. Lastly, the part of the manor that is visible on the Burg, and which was significantly enlarged by the purchase of the Love in 1555, was rebuilt in 1722–1727 in the Neoclassical style after a design by Jan Verkruys.
The now classified as heritage (1938) building still exists in this form and was used from 1795 to 1984 as a courthouse. Now the building on the Burg houses the city archives, with the reading room located in the chapel. Next to the old Court of Justice lies the renaissance hall. Located in this former aldermen's chamber of the old Palace of the Brugse Vrije, is the monumental 16th-century Emperor-Charles-fireplace, made of oak wood, alabaster and marble, designed by Lanceloot Blondeel.