OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of pizza franchises

This is a list of pizza restaurant franchises. Franchising is the practice of the right to use a firm's successful business model and brand for a prescribed period of time.

## Pizza franchises

* 241 Pizza
* &pizza
* America's Incredible Pizza Company
* Apache Pizza
* Benedetti's Pizza
* Blackjack Pizza
* Blaze Pizza
* Boston Pizza
* California Pizza Kitchen
* Chuck E. Cheese
* Cicis
* Čili
* Cottage Inn Pizza
* Debonairs Pizza
* Dodo Pizza
* Domino's
* Donatos Pizza
* DoubleDave's Pizzaworks
* Eagle Boys
* East of Chicago Pizza
* Extreme Pizza
* Figaro's Pizza
* Four Star Pizza
* Fox's Pizza Den
* Giordano's
* Godfather's Pizza
* Greco Pizza Restaurant
* Greenwich Pizza
* Happy's Pizza
* Hungry Howie's Pizza
* Imo's Pizza
* Jet's Pizza
* Kotipizza
* LaRosa's Pizzeria
* Ledo Pizza
* Little Caesars
* Marco's Pizza
* Mazzio's
* Mellow Mushroom
* Mister Pizza
* MOD Pizza
* Monical's Pizza
* Mountain Mike's Pizza
* Mr. Gatti's Pizza
* Mr. Pizza
* New York Pizza
* The Original Italian Pie
* Papa Gino's
* Papa John's
* Papa Murphy's
* Peter Piper Pizza
* Pieology
* Pizza California
* Pizza Capers
* The Pizza Company
* Pizza Factory
* Pizza Fusion
* Pizza Haven
* Pizza Hut
* Pizza Inn
* Pizza-La
* Pizza Nova
* Pizza Pizza
* Pizza Ranch
* Roman's Pizza
* Rosati's
* Rossopomodoro
* Rotolo's Pizzeria
* Round Table Pizza
* Russo's New York Pizzeria
* Sandella's Flatbread Café
* Sbarro
* Shakey's Pizza
* ShowBiz Pizza Place
* Smokin' Joe's
* Straw Hat Pizza
* Telepizza
* Toppers Pizza
* Uncle Maddio's Pizza Joint
* Uno Pizzeria & Grill
* Vapiano
* Vocelli Pizza
* Yellow Cab Pizza
* Your Pie
* Zpizza

## By country

Pizza franchises by country:
* Countries with Pizza Hut restaurants
* Countries with Domino's Pizza restaurants
* Countries with Papa John's Pizza restaurants
# 1988 Senegalese general election

General elections were held in Senegal on 28 February 1988 to elect a president and National Assembly. Incumbent president Abdou Diouf defeated three other candidates in the presidential election, whilst in the National Assembly election Diouf's Socialist Party won 103 of the 120 seats. Voter turnout was 58% in the Assembly election and 59% in the presidential election.
Public disorder broke out during the election. President Diouf declared a state of emergency amid riots. Supporters of Wade made accusations that the election was fraudulent. Wade described the results as "ridiculous."

## Results
### President

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Abdou Diouf | Socialist Party | 828,301 | 73.21 |
| | Abdoulaye Wade | Senegalese Democratic Party | 291,869 | 25.80 |
| | Babacar Niang [fr] | Party for the Liberation of the People [fr] | 8,449 | 0.75 |
| | Landing Savané | And-Jëf/Revolutionary Movement for New Democracy | 2,849 | 0.25 |
| Total | Total | Total | 1,131,468 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,131,468 | 99.64 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 4,033 | 0.36 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,135,501 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,932,265 | 58.77 |
| Source: African Elections Database |||||

### National Assembly

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Socialist Party | 794,559 | 71.34 | 103 | –8 |
| | Senegalese Democratic Party | 275,552 | 24.74 | 17 | +8 |
| | Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party | 15,664 | 1.41 | 0 | 0 |
| | Party for the Liberation of the People [fr] | 13,186 | 1.18 | 0 | New |
| | Party of Independence and Labour | 9,304 | 0.84 | 0 | 0 |
| | Senegalese Democratic Party – Renewal | 5,481 | 0.49 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 1,113,746 | 100.00 | 120 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,113,746 | 99.60 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 4,500 | 0.40 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 1,118,246 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,932,265 | 57.87 | | |
| Source: African Elections Database ||||||
# Al-Qassab

Abu Ahmad Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad al-Karaji, better known as al-Qassab, was a Muslim warrior-scholar, exegete and specialist in Hadith studies. He has, at times, been confused with his son Abu al-Hasan Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad al-Karaji.

## Life

Qassab lived in Karaj in Central Iran. He died in the year 360 according to the Islamic calendar, corresponding to 970 on the Gregorian calendar. Having been a soldier under the Abbasid Caliphate, he received the nicknamed Qassab or "the butcher" due to his skill on the battlefield and the large number of opponents he slayed.
Qassab was considered among mainstream dogmatics, and was staunchly opposed to both the Mu'tazila and the Jahmites. In his exegesis of the Qur'an, he would often refer to linguistic arguments in order to prove his point. Qassab was noted among Muslim theologians as holding the view that the testimony of a convicted criminal could later be accepted in unrelated cases if they performed a public repentance for their own crime. Like Ibn Hazm who would come after him, Qassab did not accept the Hadith regarding rejection of the convict's testimony as authentically linked to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The issue is a much debated one in Islamic law.

## Works

Qassab authored an exegesis of the Qur'an centered on its applications in Islamic law.

### Edited works

* Nukat al-Qur'an al-Dallah 'ala al-Bayan. Eds. Ali al-Tuwaijiri, Ibrahim al-Junaydil and Shayi' al-Asmari. Dammam: Dar Ibn al-Qaiyim; Cairo: Dar Ibn 'Affan, 2003. 4 volumes.

## Citations

* 1 2 Hussein Abdul-Raof, Theological Approaches to Qur'anic Exegesis: A Practical Comparative-Contrastive Analysis, pg. 147. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2012.
* 1 2 Ahmad Al-Saiid Zaki Hemeidah, Repentance as a Legal Concept, pg. 26. Master's thesis for the University of Arizona's Department of Near Eastern Studies, 2011.
* ↑ Hemeidah, pg. 117.
* ↑ Dr. Abdul-Baqi al-Sayyid Abdul-Hadi, Soldiers and Martyrs of the Zahirites. Alhady Alzahry, September 30, 2010.
* ↑ Um Abdullah al-Misawi, Are Allah's Attributes Real or Figurative?. Beliefs of The Righteous Salaf, February 21, 2012.
* ↑ Um Abdullah al-Misawi,The Belief In The Throne of Allah. Beliefs of The Righteous Salaf, June 25, 2011.
* ↑ Um Abdullah al-Misawi, The Belief of the Salaf In Allah's Elevation & Istiwa on the Throne: Scholars After the Salaf, part 3 of 3. Beliefs of The Righteous Salaf, September 19, 2010.
* ↑ Hemeidah, pg. 121.
* ↑ Hemeidah, pgs. 127-128.
* ↑ Hemeidah, pg. 149.
* ↑ Abdul-Raof, pg. 282.
# Of Darkness...

Of Darkness… is the debut studio album by Swedish symphonic metal band Therion, released in February 1991. It contains songs written in the early years of the band, during the 1980s. The album is indicated by the band itself as an end of its first era.
The album was re-released on 27 November 2000 under Nuclear Blast label as a part of The Early Chapters of Revelation box-set. It contains remastered songs, as well as four bonus tracks.

## Recording and production

After releasing the third demo record Time Shall Tell EP in 1990, Therion got attention from the British label Deaf Records, a subsidiary of Peaceville Records, and signed the band's first contract. Of Darkness... was recorded in Swedish studio Sunlight in Stockholm from August to September 1990 and released in February 1991. The initial line-up has not been changed since its last production. The album was produced by Tomas Skogsberg and the band itself.
The title track and the song "Dark Eternity" were not used from the recording session, but were instead taken from the 1990 EP recordings.

## Songs, lyrical themes, and influences

Of Darkness... consists of songs Christofer Johnsson had written in the years of 1987–1989, many of which were available on the band's demo recordings. Musically, "Of Darkness…" could be described as a typical death metal release, though elements of thrash metal are apparent as well.
Unlike later albums, lyrically, many tracks on the album focus on political and social issues.
2000 re-release album contains original remastered songs, and four bonus tracks songs. Two of them are the 1990 versions from the "Time Shall Tell" EP. The other two are the unreleased versions from the "Of Darkness…" recording sessions.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The album reviews were mixed. Of Darkness… received a medium rating 2.5 of 5 at Allmusic with "Morbid Reality" and "Megalomania" songs picked by its staff, and 3.02 of 5 at the Rate Your Music community being only number 925 in its 1991 ranking.

## Track listing

All tracks were written and composed by Christofer Johnsson.

## Personnel
### Therion

* Christofer Johnsson – vocals, rhythm guitar
* Peter Hansson – lead guitar
* Oskar Forss – drums
* Erik Gustafsson – bass guitar

### Production

* Tomas Skogsberg – engineer, producer
* Gary Querns – cover art (based on Johan Losand and Rikard Olund's work)
# Kunthon Thipphayawadi

Princess Kunthon Thipphayawadi (Thai: กุณฑลทิพยวดี), former Princess Chanthaburi (Thai: จันทบุรี) was a consort of Phutthaloetla Naphalai. She was the daughter of Phutthayotfa Chulalok, the first king of Siam, and his wife Chao Chom Manda Thongsuk (née Princess Khamsuk of Vientiane).

## Life

Princess Chanthaburi was a daughter of Phutthayotfa Chulalok, founder of Rattanakosin Kingdom by a Laotian royal consort, Chao Chom Manda Thongsuk (née Princess Khamsuk). Consort Thongsuk originated from Kingdom of Vientiane, she was a daughter of King Inthavong and a niece of her husband's beloved consort, Khamwaen. She died in 1803 when Princess Chanthaburi was only five or six years old.
The young princess was then elevated to Chao Fa ranks by her father, as her maternal grandfather was a ruler of a vassal kingdom. Princess Chanthaburi's name was changed to Princess Kunthon Thipphayawadi.
She was married to her agnatic half-brother, Phutthaloetla Naphalai. Princess Kunthon became the left-princess consort, while her husband first love Princess Bunrot, was on the right. Seems to be equal, but in fact the king had sworn to Princess Bunrot, that he wouldn't allow any son from another woman to occupy a position equal or even higher than any son born from her. Moreover, unlike Bunrod who was later posthumously elevated to Queen Sri Suriyendra when her son ascended the throne, Princess Kunthon never be the queen.
Princess Kunthon had four children with him. They were Prince Aphon, Prince Klang, Prince Piu, and an unnamed daughter. Prince Aphon was the ancestor of the Abharanakul family. Prince Klang later known as Prince Mahamala, was bestowed the title of Krom Khun Bumraap Porapuksa by his half-brother Mongkut, then elevated to Krom Phraya by Chulalongkorn. He was the ancestor of the Mālakul family.
# Toire no Hanako-san (film)

Toire no Hanako-san (Japanese: トイレの花子さん) (English: Hanako-san of the Toilet), also known as School Mystery or Phantom of the Toilet, is a 1995 Japanese horror film directed by Jōji Matsuoka. Based on the Japanese urban legend of Hanako-san, the spirit of a young girl who haunts school bathrooms, the film stars Takayuki Inoue, Ai Maeda, Yuka Kōno, Etsushi Toyokawa, and Nene Ohtsuka.

## Plot

On her first day at a new school, a young transfer student named Saeko Mizuno is seen leaving the last stall in the girls' bathroom. Students at the school believe that a young girl named Hanako-san committed suicide in that stall, and that her spirit remains there. Since the students who believe in the Hanako-san legend avoid using that stall, rumors begin to spread that Mizuno is actually Hanako-san herself. Many of the students also believe that Hanako-san is responsible for a series of child homicides which have been occurring in the area around the school, and so they assume that Mizuno has come to their school in search of victims. The real murderer decapitates the school goat one day, which raises further suspicions against Mizuno, since she was the one appointed to feed the animal that day.
Wanting to see if Mizuno truly is Hanako-san, Mizuno's classmates decide to lock her in the last stall in the girls' bathroom overnight, surmising that, if she is still there in the morning, she must not be Hanako-san. Unbeknownst to Mizuno's classmates, the child killer is lurking around the school, and he eventually confronts Mizuno and one of her friends. The real Hanako-san appears, and is revealed to be a benevolent spirit. She summons a mob of students to the school, and they surround the killer, preventing him from escaping until the police and other adults arrive.

## Cast

* Takayuki Inoue as Takuya Sakamoto
* Ai Maeda as Natsumi Sakamoto
* Yuka Kōno as Saeko Mizuno
* Etsushi Toyokawa as Yuji Sakamoto
* Nene Ohtsuka as Yuriko Suzuki
* Chiaki Kuriyama as Little Child

## Critical reception

In his book Flowers from Hell: The Modern Japanese Horror Film, author Jim Harper writes: "Although it's difficult to imagine American or European parents allowing their offspring to watch a film in which young children are terrorized by a serial killer, Toire no Hanako-san is easily the best of the Japanese horror movies aimed at pre-teen audiences."
# Singapore Chinese characters

The development of Singapore's Chinese characters can be divided into three periods.

## History

Before 1969, Singapore used traditional Chinese characters. From 1969, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Table of Simplified Characters (simplified Chinese: 简体字表; traditional Chinese: 簡體字表; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì biǎo), which differed from the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme of the People's Republic of China. After 1976, Singapore fully adopted the simplified Chinese characters of the People's Republic of China. In 1977, the second attempt to simplify the characters was stopped, ending the long period of confusion associated with simplification.

## 1969 Table of Simplified Characters

The 1969 Table of Simplified Characters was also known as the "502 Table of Simplified Characters" or simply "502". This table listed a total of 502 commonly used Simplified Characters. It contains 11 characters unique to Singapore, 38 characters simplified in different ways compared to that of mainland China, and 29 characters whose left or right radical were not simplified.
Simplification examples are as follows:
* 要 → 𡚩
* 信 → 伩
* 窗 → 囪
* 貌 → 皃
* 嘴 → 咀
* 留 → 畄
* 答 → 荅
* 覆 → 覄
* 算 → 祘
* 解 → 觧
* 剎 → 杀
Different ways of simplification as compared to those of mainland China
* 槟 → 梹
* 拨 → 𫝼
* 场 → 㘯
* 斗 → 鬥 (not simplified for the meaning of "fight")
* 读 →
* 谏 →
* 亚 → 亜
* 恶 → 悪
* 发 → 発
* 飞 → 𮨶
* 废 → 廃
* 无 →
* 芜 →
* 抚 →
* 复 → 覄
* 关 → 𬮦
* 国 → 囯
* 划 → 㓰
* 开 → 𫔭
* 裤 → 衭
* 来 → 耒
* 丽 → 丽
* 卖 →
* 泼 → 溌
* 让 → 誏
* 赛 → 𡧳
* 狮 → 𤞏
* 赎 →
* 肃 → 粛
* 岁 → 𭭚
* 台 → 枱 (meaning "table")
* 团 →
* 萧 → 䔥
* 箫 → 簘
* 续 →
* 杂 →
* 职 → 聀
* 纸 → 帋
Radicals which are not simplified:
* 纲 → 䋄
* 经 →
* 练 →
* 绳 → 䋲
* 线 →
* 药 → 葯
* 绘 → 絵
* 继 → 継
* 织 → 𥿗
* 观 → 覌
* 觉 → 覚
* 览 →
* 缆 →
* 贱 →
* 质 → 貭
* 颈 →
* 饥 → 飢
* 讥 → 𮗸
* 讲 → 𮗻
* 识 → 䛊
* 译 →
* 议 →
* 证 → 証
* 鸡 → 鳮
* 骄 →
* 验 →
* 钱 →
* 铁 → 鉄
* 钟 → 鈡
# Dalat University

Dalat University or the University of Dalat (Vietnamese: Đại học Đà Lạt, French: Université de Dalat; formerly Viện Đại học Đà Lạt (1957 - 1975)) is a university in the city of Đà Lạt, capital of Lâm Đồng Province, Vietnam.

## History

The original Dalat University was established in 1957 — after support of and requests by Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục — by the Council of Vietnamese Catholic Bishops as a centre for education. After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, the Vietnamese name was changed to Đại học Đà Lạt (Dalat University).
Today, it is a multidisciplinary public university that offers undergraduate and graduate education for the Central Highlands and the South Central Coast regions.

## Location

Dalat University is in the center of Dalat — a popular tourist city on Lâm Viên Plateau with a year-round cool climate, vast pine forests, flowers, fog, and waterfalls.
The campus is widely praised for being romantic and beautiful as the campus sits on a hilly area of 40 hectares north of Xuan Huong Lake, beside an international 18-hole golf course. There is also a variety of styled buildings hidden throughout the pine trees. The location of the campus offers peace and tranquility which offers students an ideal ambience for learning and researching.

## Programs, faculties and departments
### Programs

At present, the university offers over 40 programs at the undergraduate level and 10 graduate programmes in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Ecology, English, Vietnamese History, Vietnamese Literature, Business Administration and Law.
The university also offers 7 doctorate programmes including Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Ecology, Vietnamese Literature, Vietnamese History and Business Administration.

### Faculties

* Mathematics and Computer Science
* Information Technology
* Physics and Nuclear Science
* Chemistry and Environment
* Literature and History
* Biology
* Foreign Languages
* Business Administration
* Tourism
* Law
* Environment Management
* Agriculture and Sylviculture
* Sociology and Community Development
** Social Work and Community Development
** Sociology
* Pedagogy

### Departments

* Inspector Department
* Finance Department
* Personnel Organisation and Administration Department
* Department of Academic Affairs
* Department of Post-graduate Academic Affairs
* Facilities Department
* Department of Quality Administration
* Department of Science Management and International Cooperation
* Magazine and Communications Department

## Notable alumni

* Trương Thị Mai, former Permanent Member of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee's Secretariat and Head of the Central Organization Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
* Lê Cung Bắc, Film Director
* Nguyễn Đức Quang, Songwriter
* Nguyễn Quốc Toản, Founder and CEO of TP&P Technology
* Hieu Van Le, 35th governor of South Australia
# John Martin (cricketer, born 1942)

John Martin (born 8 May 1942) is an Australian cricketer. He played eight first-class and one List A matches for New South Wales between 1966/67 and 1969/70.
# Chester Feldman

Chester Feldman (January 8, 1926 – May 25, 1997) was an American producer of game shows born in The Bronx, New York, who was also associated with Mark Goodson Productions.

## Biography

Before beginning his career in television, Feldman served in the Navy during World War II. After the war, he attended the University of Missouri where he earned a degree in journalism. Feldman first began his career as a radio producer. He later moved to television where he produced I've Got a Secret, Card Sharks (in which he created and was a creative consultant for the British version, Play Your Cards Right for the first series) and many other game shows.
On May 25, 1997, Feldman died of complications following surgery at New York Hospital in New York City.
# Iron Ossetian

Iron Ossetian (Ossetian: ирон ӕвзаг, romanized: iron ævzag pronounced) also known as Iron Ossetic or Iron-Ossetic, is one of the two main dialects of the Ossetic language along with Digor spoken in the Caucasus. The majority of Ossetians speak Iron, notably in the East, South and Central parts of North Ossetia–Alania, while in the West the Digor dialect is more prevalent. The Iron dialect has been the basis of the Ossetian written language since the abolition of the Digor standard in 1939.
The Iron dialect is spoken by the majority of North Ossetians (most of flat Ossetia, as well as the Kurtatin, Tagaur and Alagir gorges).
With insignificant lexical borrowings from Digor dialect, it is the basis of one of the variants of the literary Ossetian language. The North Ossetian radio and television broadcasts in it, and the daily republican newspaper Ræstdzinad (in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) is published.

## Phonology

In North Ossetia, as a result of migration from the mountains to the foothill plains, the vocal differences in the Iron dialect leveled out with the displacement of other dialects by the "socating" (by the pronunciation of ts - phoneme /s/) Kurtatin dialect.
# Black Stars (album)

Black Stars is the third album led by American pianist and composer Jason Moran, recorded and released in 2001 on the Blue Note label. It features Moran with his regular trio (bassist Tarus Mateen and drummer Nasheet Waits) alongside veteran saxophonist Sam Rivers, who plays tenor, soprano, flute and piano.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The AllMusic review by Steve Loewy called it "arguably his best" stating "Moran evidences an affinity for complicated snakelike post-bop lines and solo improvisations that get to the heart of a melody. His style is never showy; he embraces simple, emotional statements sophisticated in their mystery. Rivers' presence is a clear asset, and threatens to overwhelm the pianist at times. In fact, on some of the pieces it might appear that Rivers is the leader and Moran an excellent accompanist, a not unenviable position in itself. But Moran holds his own, evidencing a deep understanding of the jazz tradition that belies his youth. Moran keeps one eye on his influences and another to the future, something that Rivers has always done so well".
The PopMatters review by James Beaudreau noted "It's a tantalizing lineup, and the album delivers on its promise, with a few caveats. The music is abstract and cerebral but is often possessed of a sinister groove, and many passages have a kind of crystalline beauty".
All About Jazz reviewer C. Andrew Hovan said, "At a time when it seems that much of the current crop of new releases will have limited shelf lives at best, Moran’s music strikes a more profound chord ... All in all, this sleeper may just turn out to be one of the strongest Blue Note releases to make the scene in quite some time".
In JazzTimes, Ron Wynn wrote "The 26-year-old Moran has resisted the easy lure of the young-lion mentality and concentrated on making highly personalized music. His teaming with Rivers on Black Stars ensures that it won’t be another trip down memory lane ... this is Moran’s album, even on those tunes where Rivers offers monster tenor or soprano solos. Moran’s never overwhelmed or undone by Rivers solos, and smoothly glides between being the session leader and retreating into the section".

## Track listing

All compositions by Jason Moran except where noted
* "Foot Under Foot" – 5:28
* "Kinda Dukish" (Duke Ellington, Irving Mills) – 5:26
* "Gangsterism on a River" – 3:41
* "Earth Song" (Sam Rivers) – 7:23
* "Summit" – 7:06
* "Say Peace" – 4:12
* "Draw the Light Out" – 6:00
* "Out Front" (Jaki Byard) – 4:02
* "The Sun at Midnight" – 5:42
* "Skitter In" – 4:38
* "Sound It Out" – 3:44

## Personnel

* Jason Moran – piano
* Sam Rivers – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, flute, piano
* Tarus Mateen – bass
* Nasheet Waits – drums
# Dumuria Govt. Technical School and College

Dumuria Government Technical School and College (Bengali: ডুমুরিয়া সরকারি টেকনিক্যাল স্কুল ও কলেজ) is a public educational institution located at Dumuria Upazila in Khulna, Bangladesh.

## History

Ten other projects, implemented by the Education Engineering Department (EED) and Dumuria Technical School and College, are among them.