# The Celebration

The Celebration (Danish: Festen) is a 1998 Danish black comedy-drama film directed by Thomas Vinterberg and produced by Nimbus Film. It tells the story of a family gathering to celebrate their patriarch's 60th birthday, during which a family secret is revealed. Vinterberg's inspiration for the film, which he wrote with Mogens Rukov, was an interview broadcast by a Danish radio station, though the interview was later discovered to be a hoax.
Festen was the first film of the Dogme 95 movement, which was created by Vinterberg and his fellow Danish director Lars von Trier. The movement preferred simple and analog production values to allow for the highlighting of plot and performance. The film won the Jury Prize at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival and was selected as the Danish entry for Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but it was not chosen as one of the final five nominees for the award.

## Plot

Helge, a respected businessman and family patriarch, is celebrating his 60th birthday at the family-run hotel. Gathered together amongst a large party of family and friends are his wife Else, his sullen eldest son Christian, his boorish younger son Michael, and his well-traveled daughter Helene. Another sibling, Linda, has recently taken her life at the hotel. Helene finds Linda's suicide note, but hides it in a medicine bottle after becoming upset by the undisclosed contents. Michael fights with his wife, whom he had earlier abandoned on the roadside with their three children, and then has sex with her. He later beats Michelle, a waitress of the hotel, after she pulls him aside to discuss that he had impregnated her in an affair.
At Helge's birthday dinner, Christian makes a toast to his father. During the toast, he publicly accuses by making a joke over Helge of sexually abusing both him and his twin sister Linda as children. After an initial shocked silence, the party goes on as usual as guests decide to move past the moment in denial. Helge pulls Christian aside to engage in a baffled conversation about his accusations. He questions his motivations for slandering him, and Christian appears to recant his accusation. However, Christian is spurred to further action by hotel chef Kim, a childhood friend who knows about the abuse. Kim orders Pia and Michelle to hide the guests' car keys. Christian then continues his toast by accusing Helge of causing Linda's death through the trauma caused from the abuse. Helge speaks to Christian alone and makes threatening offers to bring up his troubled personal history, including his impotence with women and Christian's perhaps-incestuous relationship with Linda.
Further exacerbating the tensions of the day, Helene's black boyfriend Gbatokai shows up, causing the racist Michael to lead most of the partygoers in singing the racist Danish song "Jeg har set en rigtig negermand" to offend him. Else later makes a toast where she makes insulting comments towards her children, and accuses Christian of having an overactive imagination. With this, she asks him to apologize for his earlier statements and accusations. Christian then accuses Else of knowing about the abuse yet not intervening. Michael and two other guests eject Christian from the hotel. When Christian walks back in, they beat him and tie him to a tree in the woods outside of the hotel. Christian unties himself and returns. Pia finds Linda's suicide note and gives it to Christian.
Christian gives the note to Helene and she reads it aloud in front of the party guests. In the note, Linda states that she is overwhelmed by trauma from Helge's abuse. Helge admits to his misdeeds and leaves the dining room. Christian has a hallucination of Linda, causing him to faint. As he awakes, he learns from Helene that Michael is missing. Michael, also drunk, calls Helge outside and beats him severely. The following morning, the family and guests eat breakfast when Helge comes in and speaks to the group. He admits to his wrongdoing and declares his love for his children. Michael tells his father to leave the table.

## Cast

* Ulrich Thomsen as Christian Klingenfeldt-Hansen
* Henning Moritzen as Helge, Christian's father
* Thomas Bo Larsen as Michael, Christian's brother
* Paprika Steen as Helene, Christian's sister
* Birthe Neumann as Else, Christian's mother
* Trine Dyrholm as Pia, the waiter who is close to Christian
* Helle Dolleris [af; da] as Mette, Michael's wife
* Therese Glahn [af; da] as Michelle, the waiter who Michael slept with a year ago
* Klaus Bondam as Helmut von Sachs, the toastmaster
* Bjarne Henriksen as Kim, the head chef and Christian's old friend
* Gbatokai Dakinah as Gbatokai, Helene's American boyfriend
* Lasse Lunderskov [af; da; de] as Christian's uncle
* Lars Brygmann as Lars, the receptionist
* Lene Laub Oksen [da] as Linda, Christian's dead twin sister
* Linda Laursen [af; da] as Birthe, the woman who hits on Pia
* John Boas as Christian's grandfather
* Erna Boas as Christian's grandmother

## Production

Some years after making the film, Vinterberg talked about its inspiration: a story told by a young man on a radio show hosted by Kjeld Koplev [da]. Vinterberg was told about the interview by the friend of a psychiatric nurse, who claimed to have treated the young man. He listened to the radio programme and asked the scriptwriter Mogens Rukov to write a screenplay on the events, as if it were the young man's own story. It was later revealed that the story was completely made up by the patient receiving mental care.
The film is best known for being the first Dogme 95 film (its full title in Denmark is Dogme 1 – Festen). Dogme films are governed by a manifesto that insists on specific production and narrative limitations (such as banning any post-production sound editing), in part as a protest against expensive Hollywood-style film-making. The movie is a low budget film and was shot on a Sony DCR-PC3 Handycam on standard Mini-DV cassettes.

## Reception
### Critical response

Festen received positive reviews from critics. On the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 91% of 47 critics' reviews of the film are positive, with an average rating of 8.1/10; the site's "critics consensus" reads: "As sharp and ruthless as the family dynamic that powers its plot, The Celebration blends tragedy and comedy to brilliant effect." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 82 out of 100 based on reviews from 7 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, writing that it "mixes farce and tragedy so completely that it challenges us to respond at all. ... Vinterberg handles his material so cannily that we must always look for clues to the intended tone."
Psychologist Richard Gartner, who specializes in counseling men who were sexually abused as children, called Festen a praiseworthy film that accurately depicts the consequences of sexual abuse, writing:
   The extent of the father's transgressions is revealed bit by bit in successive revelations. We see that the son has been severely damaged by his boyhood abuse, and has been incapable of intimate relatedness throughout his life. His sister, who has committed suicide, was also deeply damaged. The father denies the incest through most of the movie, and this denial is conveyed and reinforced in the reactions of those who hear the accusations. The partygoers are momentarily shocked by each disclosure, but then continue to celebrate the birthday in a nearly surrealistic manner that serves as a dramatic enactment of the chronic denial often seen in incestuous families.

### Accolades

Festen won the following awards:
* Amanda Awards, Norway (1998): Best Nordic Feature Film – Thomas Vinterberg
* Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics (2000): Grand Prix
* Bodil Awards (1999):
** Best Actor – Ulrich Thomsen
** Best Film – Thomas Vinterberg
* Canberra International Film Festival (1999): Audience Award – Thomas Vinterberg
* Cannes Film Festival (1998): Jury Prize – Thomas Vinterberg (tied with Class Trip)
* European Film Awards (1998): European Discovery of the Year – Thomas Vinterberg (tied with The Dreamlife of Angels)
* Gijón International Film Festival (1998): Best Director – Thomas Vinterberg
* Guldbagge Awards (1999): Best Foreign Film – Thomas Vinterberg
* Independent Spirit Awards (1999): Best Foreign Film – Thomas Vinterberg
* Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards (1998): Best Foreign Film – Thomas Vinterberg
* Lübeck Nordic Film Days (1998):
** Audience Prize of the "Lübecker Nachrichten" – Thomas Vinterberg
** Baltic Film Prize for a Nordic Feature Film – Thomas Vinterberg
** Prize of the Ecumenical Jury – Thomas Vinterberg
* New York Film Critics Circle Awards (1998): Best Foreign Language Film – Thomas Vinterberg
* Norwegian International Film Festival (1999): Best Foreign Film of the Year – Thomas Vinterberg
* Robert Awards (1999):
** Best Actor – Ulrich Thomsen
** Best Cinematography – Anthony Dod Mantle
** Best Editing – Valdís Óskarsdóttir
** Best Film – Thomas Vinterberg
** Best Screenplay – Thomas Vinterberg, Mogens Rukov
** Best Supporting Actor – Thomas Bo Larsen
** Best Supporting Actress – Birthe Neumann
* Rotterdam International Film Festival (1999): Audience Award – Thomas Vinterberg
* São Paulo International Film Festival (1998): Honorable Mention – Thomas Vinterberg

## Stage adaptations

The film has frequently been adapted for the stage.
An English-language stage adaptation of Festen written by David Eldridge premiered at the Almeida Theatre in 2004 in a production directed by Rufus Norris, before transferring to a successful West End run at the Lyric Theatre, London until April 2005. It commenced a UK tour in February 2006, before transferring to Broadway. Despite its great success in London, the play closed after only 49 performances on Broadway, ending its run on 20 May 2006. An Australian production starring Jason Donovan opened in Melbourne in July 2006, and an Irish production ran in the Gate Theatre, Dublin, from September to November 2006.
In 2006, a Mexican adaptation opened starring Mexican actor Diego Luna. In September 2007, a Peruvian production opened starring Paul Vega and Hernan Romero under the direction of Chela de Ferrari.
The Company Theatre mounted the Canadian premiere of Festen in November 2008 at the Berkeley Street Theatre in Toronto. This production was directed by Jason Byrne and starred Eric Peterson, Rosemary Dunsmore, Nicholas Campbell, Philip Riccio, Allan Hawco, Tara Rosling, Caroline Cave, Richard Clarkin, Earl Pastko, Milton Barnes, Gray Powell, and Alex Paxton-Beesley.
The Shadwell Dramatic Society's production of Festen opened at the ADC Theatre, Cambridge on 6 March 2012.
In July 2018, Play Dead Theatre's production of Festen opened at the Rippon Lea Estate in Melbourne. It was directed by Jennifer Sarah Dean and starred Adrian Mulvany.
Mark-Anthony Turnage composed an opera, Festen, based on the film, with libretto by Lee Hall, with first performances from 11 to 27 February 2025 at the Royal Opera House, London.