OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Od iyesi

Od iyesi (Tatar: Ут Иясе or Ut İyäse; Chuvash: Вут Ийӗ; Sakha: Уот Иччи) is the Turkic and Mongolic spirit or deity of fire. In Turkic languages, Od (or Ot) means fire, and iye is the familiar spirit of any natural asset, literally meaning "master" or "possessor." Od iyesi protects the fire.

## Od Ana

Od Ana is the Turkic and Mongolian goddess of fire. She is also referred to as goddess of marriage. She is the female form of Od iyesi. The name Ot Ene means "fire mother" in the Altay language (od "fire"; ene "mother"). In Mongolian folklore, she is referred to as the "queen of fire." She was said to have been born at the beginning of the world, when the earth and sky separated and daughter of Yer Tanrı.
Some equate her to Umai, the mother goddess of the Turkic Siberians, who is depicted as having sixty golden tresses that look like the rays of the sun. Umai is thought to have once been identical with Ot of the Mongols.
Tengri, the chief god, orders three fires to be burnt in the human soul, and Od Ana buries and puts out the three fires on Earth. Today, Turkish people call this "cemre," the fire that falls to Air, Earth and Water every year.

### In Turkic languages

* Tuvan: От Ава
* Uzbek: O't Ona or Otash Ona
* Tatar: Ут Әни or Ут Ана or Ut Ana
* Azerbaijani: Od Ana
* Kazakh: От Ана
* Chuvash: Вут Анне or Вут Абай
* Bashkir: Ут Апай
* Yakut: Уот Ий̃э
* Turkmen: Ot Ene or Ot Eje
* Uyghur: ئوت ئانا
* Turkish: Od Ana
* Ottoman Turkish: اود آنا
* Kyrgyz: От Эне
* Altai: От Эне
* Khakas: От Ине or От Иӌе
* Karachay-Balkar: От Ана
* Gagauz: Od Ana
Its name in Hungarian culture is Tűz Anya and in Mongolian belief is Гал Ээж (Buryat: Гал Эхэ; Oirat: Һал Эк). These entities have many similarities, and each has the same meaning, "fire mother."

## Od Ata

Od Ata is the Mongolian and Turkic / Altai god of fire. He is the male form of Od iyesi. Od Ede means 'Fire Father' in the Altay language (od "fire"; ede "father"). In Mongolian folklore he is referred to as the Od Khan "king of fire". Od Khan (or Odqan) is a fire spirit in the shamanistic traditions of Mongolia. He is usually described as a red coloured humanoid, riding a brown goat. His female counterpart is Yalun Eke (Yalın Eke), the 'fire mother' and son of Kayra.

### In Turkic languages

* Tuvan: От Ата
* Uzbek: O't Ota or Otash Ota
* Tatar: Ут Әти or Ут Ата or Ut Ata
* Azerbaijani: Od Ata
* Kazakh: От Ата
* Chuvash: Вут Атте or Вут Ашшӗ
* Bashkir: Ут Атай
* Yakut: Уот Аҕа
* Turkmen: Ot Ata
* Uyghur: ئوت ئاتا
* Turkish: Od Ata
* Kyrgyz: От Ата
* Altai: От Ада
* Khakas: От Аба or От Ада
* Karachay-Balkar: От Ата
* Gagauz: Od Ana
Its name in Hungarian culture is Tűz Atya or Tűz Apa and in Mongolian belief is Гал Эцэг (Buryat: Гал Эсэгэ; Oirat: Һал эцк). These entities have many similarities, and each has the same meaning, "fire father."

## Similar creatures

* Ocak iyesi ("hearth spirit") is spirit of hearths. It is one kind of Od iyesi.
* Soba iyesi ("stove spirit") is a fire spirit as well.
# Johnstown, Wrexham

Johnstown is a village (and former electoral ward) in Wrexham County Borough, Wales, and forms part of the old coal mining community of Rhosllannerchrugog. It is thought to have been named after John Bury, a mid 19th century member of Wrexham's first Town Council, who built a number of houses in the area.
The disused coal mine at Hafod is situated to the east of the village and the mine's former coal tip has now been converted to a country park, Bonc yr Hafod. The nearby clay quarry was used as a landfill site for waste from Liverpool. It now takes waste from anywhere after the transfer to Cory's.
The village has approximately 4,000 inhabitants, living in 1,300 households which are split into three main areas, the Moreton Estate, Nant Parc and the older part of the village (taken from police figures). The ward population at the 2011 census was 3,266.
Johnstown is a located on the historic earth work of Offa's Dyke.
There is only one school in Johnstown: Ysgol Yr Hafod.
There are two public houses in Johnstown; The New Inn and The Grapes
In April 2012, a planning application was submitted by developers Capital & Centric Plc for a new supermarket on the disused Griflex industrial unit, potentially creating 300 jobs for the area.
# List of Dodge vehicles

Dodge, an American brand of Stellantis, has produced numerous vehicles carying the brand name including pickup trucks, SUVs, and vans.

## Current production models

Vehicles currently not sold in the United States
| Model | Model | Model | Calendar year introduced | Current model | Current model | Vehicle description |
| Model | Model | Model | Calendar year introduced | Introduction | Update/facelift | Vehicle description |
| Cars |||||||
| | ATTITUDE | Attitude | 2006 | 2024 | – | Subcompact sedan marketed in Mexico, rebadged Trumpchi Empow. |
| | CHARGER | Charger | 1966 | 2024 | – | Full-size, rear-wheel-drive (AWD optional) muscle sedan and coupe. Available as a gas powered model or an EV. |
| SUVs |||||||
| | DURANGO | Durango | 1997 | 2011 | 2021 | Mid-size SUV/crossover. |
| | HORNET | Hornet | 2022 | 2022 | 2023 | Compact SUV/crossover only sold in North America. Rebadged Alfa Romeo Tonale. Available as a gas powered model or a PHEV. |
| | JOURNEY | Journey | 2021 | 2021 | – | Compact SUV/crossover marketed in Mexico, rebadged Trumpchi GS5. |

## Former production models (automobiles)

The following list includes only automobiles. Utility vehicles / SUVs / trucks, are listed separately below.

### Global

The following list includes original "Dodge" models designed outside the US or rebadged models from other manufacturers/brands.
# Organ futures

Organ futures is the short term used in academic proposals for futures contracts on organs from human cadavers. They are not legal anywhere at this time.
Organ futures would be used as an economic means to encourage organ donation by compensating transplant organ donors. Financial futures contracts are essentially agreements to pay a specified sum at a specified time.
The four key academic papers describing proposals for organ futures were published between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s.

## Proposals

The explanations below focus on donation of cadaveric organs and ignore living donation.

### Proposal by Schwindt, Vining 1986

Schwindt & Vining (1986) suggest that the organ donor is paid at the time they agree to enter the life-time futures contract. The agreement is mutually revocable. They propose a single government broker as the buyer. Organ recipients would pay the supply price plus a load factor to the broker.

### Proposal by Hansmann 1989

Hansmann (1989) also suggests payment at the time of contract. Instead of direct payment, he proposes reductions to health insurance premiums as indirect incentive. The hospital where the organ donor dies is expected to verify a seller registry and determine the buyer. Buyers may be health insurance providers or specialist traders.

### Proposal by Cohen 1989

Cohen (1989) introduces a significant change to previous proposals by making payment conditional on organ extraction. Thus, the donor is not directly compensated during their lifetime. However, the payment is allocated to their estate or a designee. Hospitals are expected to notify buyers and preserve cadavers. They can be made liable for consequences of negligence. Buyers may be public or private organizations.

### Proposal by Crespi 1994

Crespi (1994) aims to integrate what he deems the most useful aspects of previous models into his own. Payment would be either guaranteed upon death or dependent on organ extraction. The money would go to the seller's estate; rights would not be assignable, and creditors would not have any claim on it. Hospitals are expected to notify the buyer, preserve the body and be prepared to harvest the organs if required. Any legally competent person can be a buyer and assign their rights freely.

## Current status

Currently, organ futures are legally unfeasible because most countries follow international guidance that requires financial neutrality from the donor.
# Gershon Ben-Shakhar

Gershon Ben-Shakhar (Hebrew: גרשון בן שחר; born May 25, 1942) is an Israeli psychologist. He served as president of the Open University of Israel. He received the Israel Prize in 2024.

## Academic career

Gershon Ben-Shakhar earned a B.A. in Psychology and Statistics (1966), an M.A. in Psychology (1970), and a Ph.D. in Psychology (1975) from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, from 1975 to 1976.
Ben-Shakhar taught in the Department of Psychology at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1981 on, ultimately as a Professor and for a time as the Chair of the Department and the Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences.
In 2003 he became president of the Open University of Israel, succeeding Eliahu Nissim.

## Published works

Along with John J. Furedy he wrote the book Theories and Applications in the Detection of Deception: A psychophysiological and international perspective (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990).

## Awards and recognition

In 2011 he was an EMET Prize Laureate.
In 2024, he was received the Israel Prize for research in psychology for his significant contribution to the field.
# Minnesota World War II Army Airfields

During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in Minnesota for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers.
Most of these airfields were under the command of First Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC) (A predecessor of the current-day United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command). However the other USAAF support commands (Air Technical Service Command (ATSC); Air Transport Command (ATC) or Troop Carrier Command) commanded a significant number of airfields in a support roles.
It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes.

## Major Airfields

Air Transport Command
* Minneapolis MAP, Minneapolis
    Joint use USAAF/Civil Airport
    Now: Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport and Minneapolis-Saint Paul Joint Air Reserve Station (IATA: MSP, ICAO: KMSP, FAA LID: MSP)
Air Technical Service Command
* Holman Field/St. Paul MAP, St. Paul
    Joint use USAAF/Civil Airport
    Now: St. Paul Downtown Airport (IATA: STP, ICAO: KSTP, FAA LID: STP)
Army Air Force Training Command
* Flynn Field/Lake Elmo APT, Lake Elmo
    Contract flying training
    Now: Lake Elmo Airport (IATA: 21D)
* Monticello AAF, Monticello
    Contract flying training/Glider training
    Now: Returned to agriculture.
* Lobb Field/Rochester AAF, Rochester
    Contract flying training/Glider training
    Closed 1961. Now: Industrial site.
# 1980 in Sri Lanka

The following lists notable events that occurred during 1980 in Sri Lanka.

## Incumbents

* President – J. R. Jayewardene
* Prime Minister – Ranasinghe Premadasa
* Chief Justice – Neville Samarakoon

## Events

* Sri Lanka competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. From 1948 to 1972, the nation was known as Ceylon at the Olympic Games.

## Births

* 11 January – Mayantha Dissanayake, politician.
* 13 January – Niru, musician.
* 19 January – Michael Vandort, cricketer.
* 1 February – Janaka Thisakutti Arachchi, politician.
* 27 February – Harshana Rajakaruna, politician.
* 25 March – Kasun Jayasuriya, footballer.
* 17 April – Prasad Jayawardene, cricketer.
* 30 May – Gihan Premachandra, cricketer.
* 3 July – Dilhara Lokuhettige, cricketer.
* 11 July – Indika Ruwanpura, cricketer.
* 22 August – Charitha Buddhika, cricketer.
* 4 October – Praba Udawatte, cricketer.
* 5 October – Malintha Gajanayake, cricketer.
* 24 October – Umayangana Wickramasinghe, actress.
* 25 October – Prabath Nissanka, cricketer.
* 31 October – Tharanath Basnayaka, politician.
* 8 November – Mohamed Ramees, footballer.
* 11 December – Nuwan Ekanayake, cricketer.
* 16 December – Waruna Shantha, cricketer.
* Unknown date
** Ida Carmelitta, gang rape and murder victim.
** Mohanarajah Gajamohan, scientist.
** Suresh Sriskandarajah, militant.

## Deaths

* 1 March – R. A. Chandrasena, musician (b. 1924).
* 12 April – Stanley de Silva, cricketer (b. 1956).
* 20 April – M. Canagaratnam, politician (b. 1924).
* May – Edward Buultjens, cricketer (b. 1913).
* 28 August – A. P. Jayasuriya, politician (b. 1897)
* 1 September – Xavier Thaninayagam, academic (b. 1913).
* 2 October – John Kotelawala, politician (b. 1895).
* 4 December – Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe, diplomat and civil servant (b. 1913).
* Unknown date
** Oliver Weerasinghe, architect and diplomat.
# Kudla railway station

Kudla railway station is located on the Gawler line in the northern Adelaide locality of Kudla.

## History

The station opened in 1959, and was named from an Aboriginal word meaning level ground, open or remote.
The current platform was constructed in 1961; by around 1987 the current platform shelter had been installed. It is one of the least used on the entire network, due to it being located in a semi-rural area between the suburban areas of Munno Para, Evanston and Gawler.

## Platforms and Services

Kudla has an island platform and is serviced by Adelaide Metro. Trains are scheduled every 30 minutes, seven days a week.
| Platform | Destination |
| 1 | Gawler and Gawler Central |
| 2 | Adelaide |
# Paul M. Cook

Paul M. Cook (April 25, 1924 – December 14, 2020) was an American businessman who was the founder and CEO of Raychem, a chemical manufacturing company that reached $2 billion in annual revenue. In 1988, he was awarded the National Medal of Technology "[f]or his vision and entrepreneurial efforts, his technical accomplishments and his business and technical leadership as the key contributor in creating a worldwide chemically based industry."

## Early life and education

Paul Cook took an early interest in chemistry, and developed a chemistry lab in the basement of his parents' home. After he graduated high school in 1941, he started at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), studying chemical engineering under Warren K. Lewis.
In 1943, Cook enlisted in the United States Army and enrolled in the Army Specialized Training Program; through that program, he attended Stanford University for two terms, studying mechanical engineering. Cook was then sent to Hunter Liggett Military Reservation and then Fort Benning, where he completed Officer Candidate School. He was then sent to fight in Italy. Cook served in combat with the 10th Mountain Division.
In 1946, Cook left the army and worked for Submarine Signal in Boston. He then returned to MIT and completed his Bachelor of Science in 1947.

## Career

Cook was one of SRI International's earliest employees, joining the organization in 1948 as its 48th employee. He went on to lead SRI's Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, where he was interested in using high-energy electrons to alter polymers.
In 1951, Cook founded the Sequoia Process Corporation; he left that after five years to found Raychem, which opened in 1957, and focused on commercial applications for radiochemistry. He served as Raychem's CEO and chairman of the board.
Cook founded other companies, including CellNet Data Systems, DIVA Systems (1995), and Promptu.

## Awards and memberships

Cook served on SRI International's board of directors for nine years and served as its chairman for six of those.
In 1986, he was awarded the Winthrop-Sears Medal from the Chemical Industry Association. In 1988, Ronald Reagan awarded him the National Medal of Technology.
He received the Bay Area Council's Bay Area Business Hall of Fame Award in 1999, and SRI's Weldon B. "Hoot" Gibson Achievement Award in 2008.
# Half-life of knowledge

The half-life of knowledge or half-life of facts is the amount of time that has to elapse before half of the knowledge or facts in a particular area is superseded or shown to be untrue. These coined terms belong to the field of quantitative analysis of science known as scientometrics.
These ideas of half-life applied to different fields differ from the concept of half-life in physics in that there is no guarantee that the knowledge or facts in areas of study are declining exponentially. It is unclear whether there is any way to establish what constitutes "knowledge" in a particular area, as opposed to mere opinion or theory.
An engineering degree went from having a half life of 35 years in ca. 1930 to about 10 years in 1960.
A Delphi Poll showed that the half life of psychology as measured in 2016 ranged from 3.3 to 19 years depending on the specialty, with an average of a little over 7 years.
It has also been used in Christian missiology to increase the effectiveness of their teachings.
The concept of "half-life of knowledge" is attributed to Fritz Machlup (1962).
# Kevin Heijstek

Kevin Heijstek (born April 19, 1988) is a Dutch professional baseball pitcher, for Amsterdam Pirates in the Dutch Baseball League. He had previously played for DOOR Neptunus since 2005, before joining Amsterdam for 2013.
He also played for the Netherlands national baseball team in the 2009 World Port Tournament, 2010 Intercontinental Cup, 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2014 France International Baseball Tournament [fr], 2014 European Baseball Championship, and 2015 WBSC Premier 12.
# GMA Kapuso Foundation

GMA Kapuso Foundation Inc. (formerly Bisig Bayan Foundation and GMA Foundation) is a socio-civic organization organized by GMA Network Inc. to facilitate social programs and outreach to the public.
Implemented singly or in partnership with other agencies, the foundation focuses on helping and supporting impoverished families and children, calamity victims, prisoners and ex-prisoners, and aspiring singers and songwriters, including dependents of GMA employees.

## Projects

Source:

### Health

* Bisig Bayan Medical Assistance (BB)
* Kalusugan Karavan (KK)

### Education

* Kapuso School Development (KSD) Project
* Unang Hakbang sa Kinabukasan (UHSK)

### Disaster Relief

* Operation Bayanihan (OpsBay)
* Silong Kapuso

### Values Formation

* Kapuso ng Kalikasan (KNK) Project
* Sagip Dugtong Buhay
* Give-A-Gift: Alay sa Batang Pinoy
* Give-A-Gift: Feed a Child
* Give-A-Gift: Surgical Mission
* Kapuso Tulay Para sa Kaunlaran
* Ngiting Kapuso
* Operation Bukol

## Awards
### 53rd Anvil Awards

Source:
* Silver Anvil Award (Public Relations Tools – Publications category):
‘20 Years of Serbisyong Totoo: The GMA Kapuso Foundation, Inc. 2016 Annual Report’
* Silver Anvil Award (Public Relations Tools: Multimedia/Digital Online Video/Online News):
‘Kapuso Para sa Kawal Project,’ Layong Matulungan ang mga Sundalong Lumalaban sa Marawi
* Silver Anvil Award (Public Relations Tools: Multimedia/Digital Online Video/Online News):
Rebuild Marawi MTV

### 52nd Anvil Awards

Source:
* Silver Anvil Award (Public Relations Tools – Publications category):
Empowering the Youth: The GMA Kapuso Foundation, Inc. 2015 Annual Report

### 34th Agora Awards

Source:
* Outstanding Achievement In Advocacy Marketing
GMA Kapuso Foundation, Inc.

### Philippine Quill Awards

Source:
* Merit Award
The Worst of Times. The Best of Times: The GMA Kapuso Foundation, Inc. 2009 Annual Report

### 45th Anvil Awards

Source:
* Anvil Award of Excellence Ryu Watanabe
GMA Kapuso Foundation, Inc. Annual Report
# New Hampshire World War II Army Airfields

During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in New Hampshire for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers.
Most of these airfields were under the command of First Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC) (a predecessor of the current-day United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command). However the other USAAF support commands (Air Technical Service Command (ATSC); Air Transport Command (ATC) or Troop Carrier Command) commanded a significant number of airfields in a support roles.
It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes.

## Major airfields

First Air Force
* Grenier Field, AAF, Manchester
    344th Army Air Force Base Unit
    Was: Grenier Air Force Base (1947-1949, 1951-1959)
    Was: Grenier Field - Manchester Municipal Airport (1959-1966) (Civil Airport/USAFR base)
    Now: Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (IATA: MHT, ICAO: KMHT, FAA LID: MHT)
* Note: Airports at Claremont, Concord, Laconia and Nashua were used by the USAAF during the war as landing fields for transient aircraft (as well by the Navy), but were not considered military airfields.
# Alex Dusay

Marthin Alessandro Dusay (born 16 February 1999), commonly known as Alex Dusay, is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Liga 2 club Persipura Jayapura.

## Club career
### Persewar Waropen

In 2021, Dusay signed a contract with Indonesian Liga 2 club Persewar Waropen. He made his league debut on 10 November 2021 in a match against Kalteng Putra at the Batakan Stadium, Balikpapan.

### PSS Sleman

He was signed for PSS Sleman to play in Liga 1 in the 2021 season. Dusay made his league debut on 2 January 2022 in a match against Persik Kediri at the Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium, Gianyar.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 28 February 2025
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Domestic Cup | Domestic Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Persewar Waropen | 2021 | Liga 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| PSS Sleman | 2021 | Liga 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Persipura Jayapura | 2022–23 | Liga 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Persewar Waropen | 2023–24 | Liga 2 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Persipura Jayapura | 2024–25 | Liga 2 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 0 |
# Methylvanillylecgonine

Methylvanillylecgonine or vanillylmethylecgonine is a cocaine analog and metabolite of cocaine found in human urine (possibly with co-ingestion of vanillin-vanilla containing products, as a result of cleavage and binding in vivo but more probably the result of the same metabolic pathways by which vanillylmandelic acid is formed).
# Dodô (footballer, born 2000)

Paulo Henrique Athanazio, commonly referred to as Dodô, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Botafogo-SP.

## Career

Dodô came through the youth ranks at Comercial-SP, signing for Botafogo-SP in 2018 and playing in the Under 20 Campeonato Paulista and Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior in 2019. His performance in a friendly between the U20 and Senior teams at Botafogo-SP in April 2019 earned him a call into the senior squad.
He made his national league debut in 2019 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B as a substitute against Vila Nova on 18 May 2019, but a contractual issue prevented him making more appearances and he returned to work with the U20 side.