# Houston County, Texas

Houston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,066. Its county seat is Crockett. Houston County was one of 46 entirely dry counties in the state of Texas, until voters in a November 2007 special election legalized the sale of alcohol in the county.
Houston County was the first new county created under the nine-year Republic of Texas on June 12, 1837. The original boundaries of Houston County also included all of present-day Anderson and Trinity Counties, and portions of present-day Henderson and Polk Counties.
The county is named for Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas and Governor of Texas. Other than being named for the same person, Houston County is not related to the City of Houston, which is located about 100 mi (160 km) to the south, in Harris County.

## History

The Four C Mill operated in Houston County during the first two decades of the 20th century. R. M. Keith, agent of the Central Coal and Coke Company in Kansas City, Missouri, began buying virgin timber in the fall of 1899. Lumber to construct the new mill was cut by a small sawmill purchased in early 1901 from J. H. Ratcliff. Keith organized the Louisiana and Texas Lumber Company to operate the Four C. The mill was producing 300,000 board feet of lumber daily by June 1902. Ratcliff Lake, now a United States Department of Interior recreational site, was the millpond for the Four C. The Texas Southeastern Railroad laid track from Lufkin to haul out the lumber. The town of Ratcliff was separated from the Four C by a fence, built to discourage the mill workers from spending their money outside the company town. The 120,000 acres were in time exhausted, and by 1920, the mill shut down.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,237 square miles (3,200 km$^2$), of which 1,231 square miles (3,190 km$^2$) are land and 5.7 square miles (15 km$^2$) (0.5%) are covered by water.

### Adjacent counties

* Anderson County (north)
* Cherokee County (northeast)
* Angelina County (east)
* Trinity County (southeast)
* Walker County (south)
* Madison County (southwest)
* Leon County (west)

### National protected area

* Davy Crockett National Forest (part)

## Demographics

Houston County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 14,775 | 14,811 | 12,957 | 63.73% | 62.41% | 58.72% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 6,442 | 6,129 | 5,163 | 27.79% | 25.83% | 23.40% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 51 | 75 | 94 | 0.22% | 0.32% | 0.43% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 53 | 95 | 138 | 0.23% | 0.40% | 0.63% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 4 | 1 | 8 | 0.02% | 0.00% | 0.04% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 2 | 25 | 58 | 0.01% | 0.11% | 0.26% |
| Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH) | 119 | 232 | 577 | 0.51% | 0.98% | 2.61% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,739 | 2,364 | 3,071 | 7.50% | 9.96% | 13.92% |
| Total | 23,185 | 23,732 | 22,066 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census of 2000, 23,185 people, 8,259 households, and 5,756 families were residing in the county. The population density was 19 people/sq mi (7.3 people/km$^2$); it had the second-lowest population density for all counties in Deep East Texas, behind only Newton County. The 10,730 housing units averaged 9 units per square mile (3.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 68.57% White, 27.93% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 2.23% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. About 7.50% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.
Of the 8,259 households, 28.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.90% were married couples living together, 14.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.30% were notfamilies. About 27.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44, and the average family size was 2.97.
In the county, the age distribution was 23.20% under 18, 6.80% from 18 to 24, 27.70% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 18.00% who were 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $28,119, and for a family was $35,033. Males had a median income of $29,143 versus $19,885 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,525. About 15.60% of families and 21.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.30% of those under age 18 and 18.20% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and infrastructure

Eastham Unit, a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for men, is located in an unincorporated area in the county.
The Crockett State School, a Texas Youth Commission juvenile correctional facility for boys, was located in Crockett. but was closed on August 31, 2011.
United States presidential election results for Houston County, Texas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 7,247 | 77.32% | 2,065 | 22.03% | 61 | 0.65% |
| 2020 | 7,060 | 74.72% | 2,314 | 24.49% | 74 | 0.78% |
| 2016 | 6,205 | 74.28% | 1,978 | 23.68% | 170 | 2.04% |
| 2012 | 5,880 | 71.59% | 2,265 | 27.57% | 69 | 0.84% |
| 2008 | 5,872 | 68.09% | 2,656 | 30.80% | 96 | 1.11% |
| 2004 | 5,848 | 66.41% | 2,921 | 33.17% | 37 | 0.42% |
| 2000 | 5,308 | 64.45% | 2,833 | 34.40% | 95 | 1.15% |
| 1996 | 3,443 | 46.28% | 3,383 | 45.48% | 613 | 8.24% |
| 1992 | 3,067 | 38.24% | 3,250 | 40.52% | 1,703 | 21.23% |
| 1988 | 3,882 | 50.00% | 3,846 | 49.54% | 36 | 0.46% |
| 1984 | 4,542 | 57.98% | 3,275 | 41.80% | 17 | 0.22% |
| 1980 | 2,889 | 40.44% | 4,181 | 58.52% | 74 | 1.04% |
| 1976 | 2,229 | 41.12% | 3,179 | 58.64% | 13 | 0.24% |
| 1972 | 3,317 | 63.95% | 1,844 | 35.55% | 26 | 0.50% |
| 1968 | 1,391 | 22.30% | 2,782 | 44.60% | 2,064 | 33.09% |
| 1964 | 1,675 | 31.22% | 3,681 | 68.60% | 10 | 0.19% |
| 1960 | 1,591 | 36.30% | 2,703 | 61.67% | 89 | 2.03% |
| 1956 | 1,941 | 49.04% | 1,998 | 50.48% | 19 | 0.48% |
| 1952 | 2,222 | 43.35% | 2,900 | 56.57% | 4 | 0.08% |
| 1948 | 532 | 17.14% | 2,014 | 64.88% | 558 | 17.98% |
| 1944 | 233 | 7.41% | 2,329 | 74.03% | 584 | 18.56% |
| 1940 | 474 | 11.69% | 3,579 | 88.24% | 3 | 0.07% |
| 1936 | 99 | 3.87% | 2,458 | 96.05% | 2 | 0.08% |
| 1932 | 165 | 5.07% | 3,087 | 94.84% | 3 | 0.09% |
| 1928 | 763 | 36.35% | 1,336 | 63.65% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 457 | 12.08% | 3,289 | 86.92% | 38 | 1.00% |
| 1920 | 385 | 12.92% | 1,475 | 49.48% | 1,121 | 37.60% |
| 1916 | 373 | 16.47% | 1,730 | 76.38% | 162 | 7.15% |
| 1912 | 342 | 16.23% | 1,457 | 69.15% | 308 | 14.62% |

## Transportation
### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 287
* State Highway 7
* State Highway 19
* State Highway 21
Houston County is served by US Highway 287 and State Highways 7, 19, and 21. All of these highways intersect at the Courthouse Square in downtown Crockett. SH 21 follows the 300-year-old route of Old San Antonio Road. Texas State Highway Loop 304 circles the city of Crockett.

### Rail

Freight rail service is provided by Union Pacific Railroad. The Crockett Depot, built in 1909, has been restored and now serves as the Houston County Museum.

### Air

Houston County Airport (KDKR), located 3 miles east of Crockett on SH 7, features a 4,000-foot runway. On-site aircraft services are provided by East Texas Aircraft.

### Public transportation

Demand and response public transportation within Houston County is provided by Brazos Transit District.

## Communities
### Cities

* Crockett (county seat)
* Grapeland
* Kennard
* Latexo
* Lovelady

### Unincorporated communities

* Ash
* Augusta
* Austonio
* Belott
* Berea
* Burrantown
* Center Hill
* Cooper
* Creath
* Fodice
* Germany
* Hagerville
* Hickory Creek
* Holly
* Hopewell
* Lone Pine
* Mapleton
* Mound City‡
* Pennington‡
* Percilla
* Porter Springs
* Ratcliff
* Refuge
* Reynard
* Stubblefield
* Tadmor
* Weches
* Weldon

### Ghost towns

* Allen Chapel
* Antioch
* Arbor Grove
* Center Grove
* Coltharp
* Creek
* Cut
* Druso
* Easley Chapel
* Elkins
* Givens Hill
* Guiceland
* Halls Bluff
* Liberty Hill
* Livelyville
* Mount Vernon
* Pearson's Chapel
* Plain
* Plainview
* Pleasant Grove
* Pleasant Hill
* Post Oak
* Prairie Point
* Randolph
* San Pedro
* Sand Ridge
* Shady Grove
* Shiloh
* Smith Grove
* Sorghumville
* Vistula
* Volga
* Waneta
* Wesley Chapel
* Wheeler Springs

## Education

Five school districts are located entirely in the county:
* Crockett Independent School District
* Lovelady Independent School District
* Kennard Independent School District
* Latexo Independent School District
* Grapeland Independent School District
In addition, small portions of Groveton Independent School District and Elkhart Independent School District, located in Trinity County and Anderson County, respectively, extend into Houston County.
The county is in the district for Angelina College.