OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Couzon (Gier)

The Couzon is a river in the Loire department of France, a tributary of the Gier, which in turn is a tributary of the Rhône. A dam on the river, built to serve as a reservoir for the Givors canal, now provides drinking water to the town of Rive-de-Gier.

## Geography

The Couzon drains a basin of 34 square kilometres (13 sq mi) at a mean altitude of 550 metres (1,800 ft). It rises in the Pilat massif at an altitude of about 900 metres (3,000 ft). The river is 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) long. It runs through the communes of Pavezin, Sainte-Croix-en-Jarez, Châteauneuf and Rive-de-Gier. Tributaries are the Ruisseau Boissieux, Grand Valluy and Ruisseau de Chamerle.

## Dam

In December 1788 King Louis XVI of France approved construction of a reservoir to supply water to the Givors canal in dry periods. François Zacharie, the canal's builder, had proposed a site for the reservoir high up near Saint-Étienne, but the chosen site was low down on the Couzon near Rive-de-Gier. This short-sighted decision ruled out the plan to continue the canal up to Saint-Etienne via the Janon and then down to the Loire. The French Revolution (1789–1799) delayed the work, but construction of the Barrage de Couzon (Couzon Dam) was completed in 1811. The dam was operational by 1812. It was formally inaugurated on 23 September 1814 by the Comte d'Artois.
The dam was modeled on the dam built at Saint-Ferriol for the Midi canal. It has an unusual structure. Three parallel walls are interconnected by buttresses and form the central core. This is 6.8 metres (22 ft) thick and 50 metres (160 ft) long. Earth banks on each side of the wall provide strength. On the upstream (reservoir) side the earth bank is 10 metres (33 ft) high, and on the downstream side the bank is 33 metres (108 ft) high. Two tunnels run through the embankment at the deepest points. The lower one follows the original course of the river, and is used to remove silt from the reservoir. The upper one has valves where it exits the reservoir. There are two spillways with a combined length of 40 metres (130 ft).
The dam intercepts water from a basin of 27.4 square kilometres (10.6 sq mi) with an average elevation of 588 metres (1,929 ft). Initially the dam was capable of containing 1,000,000 cubic metres (35,000,000 cu ft) of water. Today the dam has a capacity of 1,450,000 cubic metres (51,000,000 cu ft). In 1880, when the canal company went bankrupt, the dam was converted into a source of drinking water for the inhabitants of Rive-de-Gier. It delivers 245 litres (54 imp gal; 65 US gal) per second of water. The water serves 95% of the municipality of Rive-de-Gier, part of Châteauneuf, and since 2005 St-Martin-le-Plain and St. Joseph. As of 2010 19,678 people relied on the dam for water, as well as various industrial users such as Industeel.

## Other uses

A stretch of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) below the dam is used for kayaking.

## Gallery

* Route de Couzon in Rive-de-Gier start of the 20th century
* Reservoir of the Couzon dam in November 2008
* Country around the Couzon dam in August 2008
# Cryptopone testacea

Cryptopone testacea, is a species of ant of the subfamily Ponerinae.
# Jim Ellis (computing)

James Tice Ellis (May 6, 1956 – June 28, 2001) was an American computer scientist best known as the co-creator of Usenet, along with Tom Truscott.
Ellis was born in Nashville, Tennessee to Henry Ellis (an auditor and teacher) and Elsa Ellis. James Ellis grew up in Orlando, Florida. Before developing Usenet, Ellis attended Duke University. After graduating, Ellis worked for the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina in Research Triangle Park, N.C. He later worked as an Internet security consultant for Sun Microsystems. He was also Manager of Technical Development at CERT. He came up with the word Usenet.
Ellis and Truscott were awarded the 1995 USENIX Lifetime Achievement Award.

## Personal life and death

Ellis and his wife, Carolyn, had two children.
He died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a form of blood cancer, at his home in Harmony, Pennsylvania on June 28, 2001. He was 45.
# Eugoa gracilisa

Eugoa gracilisa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in western Malaysia.
# Luis Miguel Leal

Luis Miguel Leal is a Venezuelan Latin Grammy Award-winner music video director.
Leal is part of Salto Ángel Media, along César Rodríguez and Jorge Barboza. Leal was awarded the Latin Grammy for Best Short Form Music Video at the 8th Latin Grammy Awards for directing "Ven a Mi Casa Esta Navidad" by Venezuelan band Voz Veis. The video was created during a very problematic time for the members of the production company, according to producer Jorge Barboza. In a creative meeting "we thought it was nicer to show what Christmas is: try to take out the child we all have inside. Each image and frame in the video stands for moments that marked our christmases," Barboza stated. In a following meeting they decide that the video should be animated, launching a casting for cartoonists. The coloring was led by Tamara Hadeed. The video was eventually given a 3D treatment, including animations of the band members of which only the faces were taken and integrated into existing images. Leal is brother of a member of Voz Veis and was involved in all the music videos created for the band.
Leal directed "Corazón Sin Cara" for Puerto-Rican singer Prince Royce. Music producer Sergio George contacted Salto Ángel Media to produce and direct a second version for the video, which was simpler than the work the production company usually does. The Venezuelan model Albany Blanco was hired to star in the video. "Corazón Sin Cara" earned the "Favorite Video Award" at the Premios Juventud in 2011. The song also ended the year as the best-performing Latin single in the United States according to Billboard magazine. Elvis Crespo recorded "Quítame la Camisa" with the band Montecarlo in 2012. The music video for the song was directed by Leal.
He has lately worked into fictional films with his opera prima "The Case Against Mr. Sheppard", in 2018 where he joined back with producer and writer Jorge Barboza to create a 12-minute thriller that was shown in Film Festivals around the world.
# 2014 independence referendum

There were several referendums on independence in 2014:
* 2014 Catalan independence referendum
* 2014 Crimean status referendum
* 2014 Donbass status referendums
* 2014 Scottish independence referendum
* 2014 Venetian independence referendum
# Empress Wuxuan

Empress Wuxuan may refer to:
* Empress Dowager Bian (159–230), empress dowager of Cao Wei, Cao Pi's mother
* Liu E (Han Zhao) (died 314), empress of Han Zhao, Liu Cong's third wife
# Pouch, Germany

Pouch (German pronunciation:) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Muldestausee. It is located at Lake Goitzsche, part of the man-made lakeland Neuseenland, and close to the city of Bitterfeld-Wolfen.
Pouch is known for the annual Sputnik spring break festival in June.
* Pouch Castle with Red Tower
* Castle
* Amphitheatre
* Lake Goitzsche
# Longhai Expressway

The Longhai Expressway (Chinese: 陇海快速路) is a 26.5-kilometre (16.5 mi) long elevated expressway in Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
The construction of the expressway began in 2013 and was finished in 2015. The maximum speed on the expressway is 80 km/h.

## Route

The expressway eastern terminus is at Shangdu Avenue (G220 / G310). It is then elevated above Anping Road, Yongping Road, Huozhan Street, and Longhai Road from east to west.
The Route B5 of Zhengzhou BRT runs mostly under this elevated expressway.
* Longhai Expressway near Songshan S. Road
* Longhai Expressway near Gongren Road
* Night view of Longhai Expressway (near Qinling Road, with a station of Zhengzhou BRT under the elevated road.)

## Exit list

From east to west:
| Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Longhai Expressway |||||||
| Continues east as G220 / G310 (Shangdu Avenue) |||||||
| Guancheng Hui District | 0 | 0 | 0 | Shangdu Avenue | G220 / G310 (Shangdu Avenue) – Zhongmu | Eastern terminus |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | Jinggao'ao Expwy | G4 – Xinxiang, Xuchang | Westbound entrance and eastbound exit only |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | Mingli Road | Mingli Road | Westbound entrance and eastbound exit only |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | E. 3rd Ring Road | East 3rd Ring Road – Zhengzhou East railway station | |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | Dongfeng S. Road | Dongfeng S. Road | |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | Huanghe S. Road | Huanghe S. Road | |
| Jinshui District | | | | Zhongzhou Avenue | Zhongzhou Avenue – Zhengdong New Area CBD Henan S1 – Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport | |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | Weilai Road | Weilai Road | |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | Zijingshan Road | Zijingshan Road | |
| Guancheng Hui District | | | | Qiantang Road | Yima Road Qiantang Road – Zhengzhou railway station (east) | Westbound exit only |
| Erqi District | | | | Yima Road | Yima Road Qiantang Road – Zhengzhou railway station (east) | Westbound and eastbound entrance, eastbound exit |
| Erqi District | | | | Jingguang Road | Jingguang Expressway Jingguang Road – Zhengzhou railway station (west) | Westbound entrance, westbound and eastbound exits to northbound Jingguang Expressway |
| Erqi District | | | | Daxue Road | Daxue Road | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance only |
| Erqi District and Zhongyuan District | | | | Songshan S. Road | Songshan S. Road | |
| Zhongyuan District | | | | Tongbai S. Road | Tongbai S. Road | Westbound exit, westbound and eastbound entrance |
| Zhongyuan District | | | | Huashan Road | Huashan Road | Westbound entrance and eastbound exit |
| Zhongyuan District | | | | W. 3rd Ring Road | West 3rd Ring Road | |
| Zhongyuan District | | | | Fumin Road | Fumin Road | |
| Zhongyuan District | | | | W. 4th Ring Road | West 4th Ring Road | |
| Zhongyuan District | | | | Changzhou Road | Changzhou Road | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance only |
| Zhongyuan District | | | | Xintian Avenue | Xintian Avenue | Western terminus |
| Continues west as Longhai W. Road |||||||
| Closed/former Concurrency terminus HOV only Incomplete access Tolled Route transition Unopened |||||||
# Garth St Omer

Garth St Omer (1931-2018) was a St Lucian novelist. He was part of an emerging group of St Lucian artists that also included Derek Walcott and Dunstan St Omer. He studied at the University of the West Indies in Jamaica and obtained his PhD from Princeton University. He taught at University of California, Santa Barbara until retirement.
He was known for his fictional works such as Syrop (Faber 1964), Room on the Hill (1968, 2012), Shades of Grey (1968, 2013), and Nor Any Country (1969, 2013). The Lights on the Hill, a novella within Shades of Grey, was published separately in 1986 by Heinemann in its Caribbean Writers Series. Originally published by Faber, his works were reissued by Peepal Tree Press from 2012 onwards.
# Arnoldsburg, West Virginia

Arnoldsburg (also Arnoldsburgh) is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, West Virginia, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 33 at the point where West Virginia Route 16 heads southward; it is several miles south of the county seat of Grantsville. Its elevation is 738 feet (225 m). The West Fork Little Kanawha River flows through the community. It has a post office with the ZIP code 25234.
Arnoldsburg derives its name from Charles Arnold, a local schoolteacher.
# Eugoa gabrielae

Eugoa gabrielae is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Cambodia and Thailand.
# Stirling (Parliament of Scotland constituency)

Stirling in Stirlingshire was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.
The Parliament of Scotland ceased to exist with the Act of Union 1707, and the commissioner for Stirling, John Erskine, was one of those co-opted to represent Scotland in the first Parliament of Great Britain. From the 1708 general election Culross, Dunfermline, Inverkeithing, Stirling and Queensferry comprised the Stirling district of burghs, electing one Member of Parliament between them.

## List of burgh commissioners

* 1474: James Shaw of Sauchie
* 1572 convention: James Shaw
* 1612: John Sherar
* 1612, 1617 convention, 1617: John Williamson, town clerk
* 1621: Duncan Paterson
* 1625 convention: John Cowan
* 1628–33, 1630 convention, 1639–41, 1643–44, 1644–46, 1648: Thomas Bruce, provost
* 1646–47, 1648–51: John Shorte, sometime provost
* 1651: John Cowan
* 1661–63, 1665 convention: Duncan Nairn, provost
* 1667 convention: James Steinston
* 1669–74: James Stevenson, provost
* 1678 convention, 1681–82: Robert Russell, provost
* 1685–86: John McCulloch, provost
* 1689 convention, 1689–90: Hugh Kennedy of Schelloch (died c.1690)
* 1693–95: John Dick (expelled 1695 for menaces)
* 1696–97: Patrick Thompson, treasurer of Edinburgh (died 1698)
* 1697–1702: Francis Napier of Craigannet, provost
* 1702–07: John Erskine
# David M. Clark

David Millar Clark, CBE, FBA, FMedSci, FAcSS (born 20 August 1954) is a British psychologist.

## Career

Clark was born in Darlington and studied experimental psychology at Oxford University. He trained as a clinical psychologist at the Institute of Psychiatry. He then returned to teach at Oxford University where he became a professor, then returned to the IOP where in 2000 he became head of psychology and founded the centre for anxiety disorders and trauma at the IOP and associated Maudsley Hospital along with fellow Oxford psychologists trauma-specialist Anke Ehlers and OCD-specialist Paul Salkovskis.
He has been a Professor of Psychology at the University of Oxford since 2011 and is also National Clinical Adviser at the Department of Health.

## Research

His clinical research and practice has mainly focused on developing cognitive models and cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders. His research has focused on panic disorder, hypochondriasis, social phobia and posttraumatic stress disorder. Clark was strongly influenced by the American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck who made long visits to Oxford University in the 70s and 80s, whose head of psychiatry Michael Gelder strongly believed in cognitive therapy.
Clark was instrumental, with the economist Richard Layard, in the development and implementation of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme from 2003. In 2014, with Layard, he published the book Thrive: The Power of Evidence-Based Psychological Therapies, in which the authors demonstrate the potential value of the wider availability of modern talking therapies.

## Personal life

He is married to the psychologist Anke Ehlers.

## Honours

Clark has won numerous awards in the UK and the USA.
He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to mental health.
In 2016, Clark was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS).

## Footnotes

* ↑ David M. Clark: CV Archived 2016-08-16 at the Wayback Machine EABCT 45th Annual Congress update, 2015
* ↑ AARON T. BECK: THE COGNITIVE REVOLUTION IN THEORY AND THERAPY Archived 2017-01-14 at the Wayback Machine Steven D. Hollon, 2010 (http://psycnet.apa.org/books/12137/006)
* ↑ Layard, Richard; Clark, David (2014). Thrive: The Power of Evidence-Based Psychological Therapies. London, England: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-1-846-14605-3.
* ↑ "No. 60367". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 2012. p. 7.
* ↑ "Eighty-four leading social scientists conferred as Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences". Academy of Social Sciences. 19 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
# Portuguese abortion referendum

Portuguese abortion referendum may refer to:
* Portuguese abortion referendum, 1998
* Portuguese abortion referendum, 2007
# Jim Gallagher (American football)

James Gallagher (July 19, 1929 – August 4, 2017) was an American football executive who worked for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) from 1949 to 1995.
After graduating from Northeast Catholic High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gallagher worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He was hired by the Eagles as a stenographer in September 1949. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War, and later became the Eagles' director of personnel in 1957. He held the position of director of public relations for the team for almost 20 years, and was also the director of sales and marketing. He moved to a position arranging travel details for the team by 1989, and added a title of director of alumni relations in 1990. He retired from the Eagles on August 1, 1995. He was inducted into the Philadelphia Eagles Honor Roll alongside wide receiver Mike Quick at halftime of the Eagles' game against the New York Giants on November 19, 1995.
Gallagher died on August 4, 2017, at the age of 88.
# Mangalwar Peth metro station

Mangalwar Peth is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the Aqua Line of Pune Metro in Pune, India. The station was opened on 1 August 2023 as an extension of Pune Metro Phase I. Aqua Line operates between Vanaz and Ramwadi.

## Station layout

Mangalwar Peth track layout :
Legend :
Station with two tracks and two side platforms :
| G | Street level | Exit/Entrance |
| L1 | Mezzanine | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover |
| L2 | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | Side platform | Doors will open on the left |
| L2 | Platform 1 Eastbound | Towards → Ramwadi Next Station: Pune Railway Station |
| L2 | Platform 2 Westbound | Towards ← Vanaz Next Station: Civil Court Change at the next station for Purple Line |
| Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| L3 | | |
# Eugoa hainanensis

Eugoa hainanensis is an Asian moth species of the family Erebidae, first described in 2000 by C. Fang. It is closely related to Eugoa dubatolovi and Eugoa sinxayi.

## Distribution

Eugoa hainanensis is known from India, Nepal, south-east China, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.

## Description

In his 2008 description of Eugoa simonae, which has since been synonymized with Eugoa hainanensis, Karol Bucsek noted the forewings as pale grey in ground color with faint brown mottling, marked with dark brown bands, a dark brown spot on the wing's leading edge near the base, and two black dots in the discal area. He described the hindwings as pale yellow with brown mottling, more so in female specimens than male, the antennae as pectinate in males and filiform in females, and gave a wingspan of respectively 18 and 19 mm for male and female specimens.
# Pternozyga melanoterma

Pternozyga melanoterma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on New Guinea.
# Amminadab II of Ammon

Amminadab II ("my people are generous") was king of Ammon around 600 BCE. He was the son of King Hissalel of Ammon. He is mentioned on an inscription on a bottle unearthed at Tel Siran in Jordan, which inscription reads: 'mndb mlk bn'mn (Ammonite: 𐤏𐤌𐤍𐤃𐤁 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤁𐤍𐤏𐤌𐤍) / bn hsl'l mlk bn'mn (Ammonite: 𐤁𐤍 𐤄𐤔𐤋𐤀𐤋 𐤁𐤍𐤏𐤌𐤍) / bn'mndb mlk bn'mn (Ammonite: 𐤁𐤍𐤏𐤌𐤍𐤃𐤁 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤁𐤍𐤏𐤌𐤍) "Amminadab [II] king of the Ammonites son of Hassal'il king of the Ammonites son of Amminadab [I] king of the Ammonites."
# Sant Pau (restaurant)

Sant Pau was a Spanish restaurant in Sant Pol de Mar, Catalonia (Spain), a town between Barcelona and Girona. In 2009 it was awarded three Michelin stars and three Campsa-Repsol suns. Its chef is Carme Ruscalleda, and the dining room was directed by Toni Balam. In 2006 Sant Pau opened a branch in Chuo-ku, Tokyo which currently has 2 Michelin stars.
In 2018, Carme Ruscalleda closed the restaurant in Sant Pol de Mar.

## Awards

* 1992 They represent Catalan cooking in Sevilla's Universal Exposition.
* 1995 Price Best Chef, by the guide Lo mejor de la gastronomía
* Medalla al Mèrit Cívic, by Obra del Ballet Popular
* 1997 Price Restaurant Of the Year, by Gourmetour
* 1998 Premio Nacional de Gastronomía, by Academia Española de Gastronomía, Cofradía de la Buena Mesa and Secretaría de Estado y Turismo de España.
* Price Sánchez Cotán, by Academia Española de Gastronomía
* Price Davidoff
* Price Nadal de la Gastronomia for being the Restaurant of the Year
* Price Chef of the Year to Carme Ruscalleda
* 2000 Price Golden Chef to Carme Ruscalleda, by Intxaurrondoko Gastronomi Elkartea
* 2001 Price Dona Emprenedora to Carme Ruscalleda, by FIDEM
* 2004 Price Restaurant Of the Year, by Gourmetour
* 2008 Creu de Sant Jordi to Carme Ruscalleda, by Generalitat de Catalunya
# Photodotis abachausi

Photodotis abachausi is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1958. It is found in South Africa.
# Karsanbhai Odedara

Karsanbhai Odedara is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Karsanbhai is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly in 2007 from the Kutiyana constituency assembly constituency in Porbandar District.
# Courts of Washington, D.C.

Courts of Washington, D.C. include:
Courts of the District of Columbia
Federal courts located in Washington, D.C.
# Cryptodaphne pseudodrillia

Cryptodaphne pseudodrillia is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in New Zealand
# Gary L. Sayler

Gary L. Sayler (born 1950) served as Idaho's Adjutant General from January 2010 to November 2017.

## Education

Sayler attended North Dakota State University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1971.

## Career

From 1995 to January 2004, he was the commander of the 124th Wing at Gowen Field in Boise, Idaho.
From January 2004 to January 2010, Sayler served as Commander of the Idaho Air National Guard's Joint Force headquarters at Gowen Field, Boise, Idaho.
He was appointed adjutant general in 2010. Governor Butch Otter requested an extension of Sayler's federal recognition as adjutant general in January 2017. Sayler continued to lead Idaho's National Guard through June 2017, which was the end of Idaho's fiscal year. He was succeeded by Michael J. Garshak in November 2017.
# Eupithecia prostrata

Eupithecia prostrata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in California and Arizona.
# Pternozyga argodoxa

Pternozyga argodoxa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in India.
# Madhavarayunigudem

Madhavarayanigudem is a village in the Huzurnagar mandal of Suryapet district, Telangana state. It is located 1 km off the Huzurnagar-Kodad road.

## History

The village was established in the late 19th century. It was named after velama dora Madhava Rayudu. It has several temples dedicated to Hanuman, Mutyallamma and Ganga. It also has a church.

## Economy

Agriculture is the main occupation of Madhavarayunigudem, with rice being the main crop. During droughts, crops like corn and vegetables are also cultivated. The Sagar canal, a sub-canal of the Nagarjuna Sagar's left canal, provides the village with irrigation water.
The village is surrounded by hills, which are being exploited as a source of concrete mixture stone.

## Education

Madhavarayunigudem has a primary school, which offers education up to 7th class. Most of the village children attend private schools in Huzurnagar or Upper school in Karakkayala Gudem.

## Demographics

The main castes and communities in the village include Telaga, Velama, Yadava (Golla), Mala, Madiga, Chakali, Kamsali and Muslims. The people in this village celebrate all major festivals specially Vinayaka Chavithi, Sri Rama navami, Bathukamma, Ramzan, Christmas festivals.

## Transport

The government bus service doesn't serve the village. It is located 3 km from Huzurnagar, where most of its residents work and study.

## Administration

The village was earlier administered by the Huzurnagar gram panchayat. In 2014, when Huzurnagar became a municipality, Madhavarayunigudem became its biggest ward.