OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sacral anterior root stimulator

A sacral anterior root stimulator is an implantable medical device enabling patients with a spinal cord lesion to empty their bladders.

## History

From 1969 onwards Giles Brindley developed the sacral anterior root stimulator, with successful human trials from the early 1980s onwards. Although both sphincter and detrusor muscles are stimulated at the same time, the slower contraction kinetics of the bladder wall (smooth muscle tissue) compared to the sphincter (striated muscle tissue) mean that voiding occurs between the stimulation pulses, rather than during them.

## Description

This device is implanted over the sacral anterior root of the spinal cord; controlled by an external transmitter, it delivers intermittent stimulation which improves the ability to empty the bladder. It may also assist in defecation and also may enable male patients to have a sustained full erection. The device is implanted in one of two regions, either through intrathecal administration or extradurally. It is often performed in conjunction with a dorsal rhizotomy, and many groups believe that the best results are only seen when this procedure is performed alongside the implantation. The rhizotomy will remove sensory reflexes, which in men may include sexual reflexes. For some patients this is a major drawback to the device. For others, the benefits outweigh the downside.
The related procedure of sacral nerve stimulation is to control incontinence in otherwise able-bodied patients.
# Kotobuki Arena Chikuma

Kotobuki Arena Chikuma is an arena in Chikuma, Nagano, Japan. It is the home arena of the Shinshu Brave Warriors of the B.League, Japan's professional basketball league. Warriors also play at the Matsumoto City Gymnasium, White Ring and Big Hat in the prefecture.
# Kannambadi

Kannambadi was a village near Mysore in the Mandya district that was chosen as the site of the Krishna Raja Sagara dam in 1910. The dam is therefore called Kannambadi Katte in Kannada.
When the dam was completed, Kannambadi village became submerged under the water. The residents were earlier relocated to a new community called Hosa Kannambadi (New Kannambadi).
The Hoysala-era Venugopala Swamy Temple from the village was relocated to the reservoir's banks in the late 2000s. The temple is now a prominent tourist attraction for those visiting the Brindavan Gardens, especially for the expansive panorama of the Krishna Raja Sagara dam.
Kannambadi is not to be confused with the Aane Kannambadi village in the Hassan district of Karnataka.
# City Hospital, Aberdeen

City Hospital is a health facility on Urquhart Road in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is managed by NHS Grampian.

## History

The facility, which was designed by William Smith, was established as an infectious diseases hospital in 1874. It was significantly expanded in 1895 and a new nurses' home was completed in 1931. The hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948. During the 1964 Aberdeen typhoid outbreak, over 400 cases were diagnosed and the patients were quarantined at the City Hospital and Woodend Hospital, although no fatalities resulted.
# Dendroconche annabellae

Dendroconche annabellae is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.

## Description

Dendroconche annabellae has a partially epiphytic habit. It grows from long, creeping rhizomes, that are flattened from top to bottom and have occasional cavities. The rhizomes have dark brown scales, 4–7 mm long and 1.5–2.5 mm wide. Two kinds of root are produced by the rhizomes. Lateral roots clasp the tree on which the plant is growing. Roots emerging from the underside of the rhizome enter the soil. Leaves that do not produce spores (sterile leaves) are more or less circular in outline, 8–12 cm across, with at most a very short petiole, and are tightly pressed against the trunk of the supporting tree. The spore-bearing leaves (fertile leaves) have the same shape at the base, but then have a long narrow "tail", up to 28 cm long and 1 cm across, which curves away from the tree trunk and bears the round sori in a single row. All the leaves have prominent veins.
The shape of the fertile leaves distinguishes D. annabellae from the related D. kingii and D. linguiforme. Fertile leaves of D. kingii have a wider "tail", 2–5 cm wide rather than less than 1.5 cm wide. The fertile leaves of D. kingii lack the conspicuously rounded basal portion, being lanceolate or with a narrowed central portion.

## Taxonomy

Dendroconche annabellae was first described by Henry Ogg Forbes in 1825 as Polypodium annabellae. In 1911, Edwin Copeland transferred it to his new genus Dendroconche as the type species; initially it was the only species in the genus. The orb-shaped leaves that tightly clasp the tree on which the plant grows were a major distinguishing feature. Copeland later included another species in the genus as D. kingii. Subsequently, both species were placed in the genus Microsorum and relegated to synonyms of what was then considered to be M. linguiforme. Studies from 2006 onwards showed that Microsorum was not monophyletic and that M. linguiforme was more closely related to Lecanopteris. The genus Dendroconche was revived in 2019 as a result of a molecular phylogenetic study, and Copeland's two species, including D. annabellae, distinguished from Dendroconche linguiforme.

## Distribution and habitat

Dendroconche annabellae is endemic to the island of New Guinea, more specifically to Papua New Guinea, where it is found at elevations of 500–1300 m.
# Americas Federation of Netball Associations

The Americas Federation of Netball Associations (AFNA), is the governing body for the organized sport of netball in the Americas. For netball's organizational purposes, the Americas Region, as agreed upon by World Netball (WN, known previously as the International Netball Federation or INF), covers a total of fifty-four countries. The Americas Region currently has 1 Associate Member and 15 Full Regional & World Netball Members. The current president of the AFNA is Marva Bernard.
World Netball was previously known as the International Netball Federation and the International Federation of Netball Associations and is the worldwide governing body for Netball.

## Full members

As of December 2021, the AFNA has fifteen full members:
* Antigua & Barbuda
* Argentina
* Barbados
* Bermuda
* Canada
* Cayman Islands
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Jamaica
* St. Kitts & Nevis
* St. Lucia
* St. Maartens
* Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
* Trinidad & Tobago
* USA

## Associate members

As of 21 October 2014, the AFNA has three associate members:
* Anguilla
* Dominica
* Guyana
# Dombasle-sur-Meurthe

Dombasle-sur-Meurthe (French pronunciation:, literally Dombasle on Meurthe) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France, close to the city of Nancy.

## History

Dombasle is one of the main production sites for sodium carbonate in the world, as Solvay created there in 1873 one of its oldest production plants. This sodium bicarbonate production plant is a key economic actor in Nancy region. The remains of the castle were destroyed in 1963.
# H. J. Pearce

H. J. Pearce (1871–1943) was an American psychologist. He was the founder of Brenau College, and served as its president from 1900 to 1943.

## Early life

Haywood Jefferson Pearce was born in 1871. He received a PhD from a university in Germany in 1907.

## Career

Pearce purchased the Georgia Baptist Female Seminary in Gainesville, Georgia, in 1900 and renamed it Brenau College. He served as the president of the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology in 1914.
Pearce acquired the Dare Stones in 1937 and believed they were real. However, he was discredited by 1941.

## Personal life

Pearce was married twice. Pearce was married first to Mary E. Matthews in Muscogee County, Georgia in 1892. She died in 1898 and is buried in Linwood Cemetery in Columbus, Muscogee County, Georgia. He had a son, Haywood Jefferson Pearce Jr., from his first marriage, who became a professor of history at Emory University. In 1904, he got married a second time to Lucile Townsend, the daughter of Confederate veteran Reverend George W. Townsend of Mobile, Alabama, in 1904 in New York City. They had two daughters, Lucile and Emily.

## Death

Pearce died in 1943.
# Elm Coffee Roasters

Elm Coffee Roasters is a coffee shop in Seattle's Pioneer Square, in the U.S. state of Washington. It has operated two locations.

## Description

Elm Coffee Roasters is a coffee shop on Main Street in Pioneer Square, Seattle. The 1,400-square-foot space is housed in the Pacific Commercial Building. Elm has a marble bar, high industrial ceilings, and blue tables outside. It focuses on light roasts. The One of Everything includes an espresso, a macchiato, and a brewed coffee. Chai and hazelnut milk are made in-house. Elm has served doughnuts from General Porpoise and other pastries.

## History

The shop opened in December 2014. Brendan Mullally and Drew Fitchette are co-owners.

## Reception

In 2020, the Daily Hive included Elm in a 2020 list of Seattle's twelve best coffee shops, and Naomi Tomky included the business in Thrillist's overview of the city's best craft coffee shops. In Eater Seattle's 2024 list of the city's fourteen "essential" coffee shops, Mark Van Streefkerk and Harry Cheadle called Elm "a perfect place for stellar coffee, geeky yet approachable in a way that invites you to learn more about the finer points of brewing as well as harvesting and processing." In 2024, Sophia Beam included the business in Tasting Table's 2024 list of the seventeen "absolute best" iced coffees in Seattle, and Sydney Baker included Elm in a Fodor's list of the city's ten best cafes other than Starbucks.
# King Brewery

King Brewery was a brewery in Nobleton, Ontario, Canada which won a number of awards. It operated in a traditional German style, producing lagers. Owner and brewmaster Philip DiFonzo gained input from over 200 bars, pubs, taverns, and restaurants before launching in July 2002 with a single Czech-style Bohemian Pilsner. King Brewery's 20 hectolitre brewhouse with a steam-fired kettle was one of very few authentic Decoction Brew houses in Canada. This popular method of brewing in Germany is rare in Canada as it takes longer and is a more expensive brewing process.
The King Brewery Pilsner has won a gold medal at the Canadian Brewing Awards, in the class "European Style Lager (Pilsner)", as well as the 2004 Toronto Star Beer of the Year.
The King Brewery Dark Lager has won a bronze medal in the class "Dark Lager".
King Brewery was purchased in 2015 by Thornbury Beverages Company (now Thornbury Village Craft Cider & Beer). King Brewery's core beers (Pilsner, Dark Lager and Vienna Lager) were reintroduced under the Thornbury brand.
# Contimporanul

Contimporanul (antiquated spelling of the Romanian word for "the Contemporary", singular masculine form) was a Romanian (initially a weekly and later a monthly) avant-garde literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between June 1922 and 1932. Edited by Ion Vinea, Contimporanul was prolific in the area of art criticism, dedicating entire issues to modern art phenomena, and organizing the Bucharest International Modern Art Exhibit in December 1924 (with the participation of Constantin Brâncuși).
Several writers contributing to Contimporanul soon moved on to adopt more specific styles, including a literary form of constructivism (which was the dominant style of the magazine for a certain period), Dada, and, eventually, surrealism.

## History

Seeing itself as a direct successor to Contemporanul, it first advertised itself as a "social magazine", it became a voice for modernism in 1924, when it published a manifesto virulently attacking the cultural establishment (Manifest activist către tinerime - "Activist Manifesto to the Youth"). It stated:
   "Down with Art
   For it has prostituted itself! [...] WE WANT
   the miracle of the new and self-reliant word; the strict and swift eloquent expression of Morse-code machines."
In 1924, between November 30 and December 30, in the hall of the Fine Arts Trade Unions in 6 Corabiei Street, Bucharest, the magazine organized the International Contemporary Exhibition in which almost all members of the Romanian avant-garde exhibited. The exhibition established the magazine as one of the leading publications of European avant-garde.
Throughout its existence, Contimporanul was a virulent opponent of Gândirea; thus, it kept a more reserved attitude toward Expressionism (which was promoted by the latter). Nevertheless, it published articles by Herwarth Walden, and several other of its contributors were enthusiastic supporters of Der Sturm guidelines.

## Notable contributors
### Romanian

* Felix Aderca
* Tudor Arghezi
* Ion Barbu
* Dan Botta
* Constantin Brâncuși
* N. D. Cocea
* Jacques G. Costin
* Sergiu Dan
* Victor Eftimiu
* Mircea Eliade
* Benjamin Fondane
* Marcel Janco
* Eugen Jebeleanu
* János Mattis-Teutsch
* M. H. Maxy
* Ion Minulescu
* Camil Petrescu
* Ion Pillat
* Mihail Sebastian
* Claude Sernet
* Păstorel Teodoreanu
* Andrei Tudor
* Sandu Tudor
* Tristan Tzara
* Ilarie Voronca

### Foreign

* Hans Arp
* André Breton
* Paul Éluard
* Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
* Paul Klee
* Herwarth Walden
# John Salerne (died 1410)

    Do not confuse with John Salerne (died 1415)
John Salerne (died 1410), of Winchelsea, Sussex and New Romney, Kent, was an English politician.
He was Mayor of Winchelsea for 1407–1409 and elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for New Romney in 1386, February 1388 and 1391, and for Winchelsea in 1402 and 1407.
# Kannambadi, Idukki

Kannambadi or Kannampadi is a remote tribal settlement located inside the Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary and near the Idukki Hydro Electric Project area in the district of Idukki in Kerala, India. It is noted for its beautiful sceneries and the old government tribal school, started in 1956.

## Access

The nearest town to Kannambady is Upputhara, which is located about 14 km southeast. Privately operated buses provides services to Kannambady from Kattappana and Upputhara.

### Distances from nearby places

* Kattappana - 32 km
* Pasuppara - 13 km
* Kottamala - 13 km
* Kozhimala - 21 km
# City Bank of Montreal

The City Bank of Montreal (known in French as "La Banque de la Cité") was an early bank founded in Montreal in 1833, when it was part of Lower Canada. It was founded as a counterpart to the Bank of Montreal, whose politically conservative directors made it difficult for leading liberals to do business in the province. During its existence, it issued a number of tokens for use in trade, and is known for producing many varieties of the Bouquet sou, and for co-issuing the Habitant token along with the other leading banks of Montreal in the late 1830s. It also issued paper money.
It also had branches in Toronto, and in Quebec City.
City Bank merged with Royal Canadian Bank to form Consolidated Bank of Canada in 1876.
# Friedhelm Brusniak

Friedhelm Brusniak (born 1 October 1952) is a German music educator

## Life

Born in Korbach, Brusniak visited the humanistic branch of the Alte Landesschule Korbach [de]. After graduating from high school, he studied school music at the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts from 1971. His teachers were Branka Musulin and Poldi Mildner (piano), Richard Rudolf Klein (sound composition) and Helmuth Rilling (choir direction). He studied musicology with Lothar Hoffmann-Erbrecht and Ludwig Finscher as well as history at the Goethe University Frankfurt. In 1975/77, he passed the First Staatsexamen for teaching at grammar schools. In 1980, he was awarded a Dr. phil. He completed his practical training at the Studienseminar Kassel I (Gymnasium Bad Arolsen). After the Second State Examination in 1980 he was promoted from 1981 to 1988 then Akademischer Rat [de] at the Chair of Musicology of the University of Augsburg (Franz Krautwurst). In 1988/89, he received a habilitation scholarship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. He then worked as a lecturer, student councilor and senior student councilor as well as substitute professor for music education at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (1988-1999) and at the Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg [de] (1994/95).
Brusniak habilitated in 1998 at the University of Augsburg for Musicology and was appointed a Privatdozent. In 1999, he was appointed to the professorship for music education and didactics of music education at the University of Würzburg, where he was also appointed first Chair holder for music education in 2004. From 1989 to 1999, he built up the singer museum of the Fränkischer Sängerbund [de] in Feuchtwangen (successor institute of the former German Singer Museum in Nuremberg). Since 2010, he has been Scientific Director of the Foundation Documentation and Research Centre of the German Choral Industry. From 2010 to 2012, he was project manager "German Choral Studies" (Deutscher Chorverband [de]). From 2011 to 2015, he held a guest professorship at the Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku. He retired on 1 April 2019. Since 2018, he has been president of the Franconian Singers' Association.

## Awards

* Silver Mozart Medal of the International Mozarteum Foundation (2003).
* Auszeichnung der Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku (2015).
# Americas Masters Games

The Pan American Masters Games or Americas Masters Games is a regional multi-sport event which involves participants from across the world. Governed by the International Masters Games Association (IMGA), the Americas Masters Games is open to participants of all abilities and most ages – the minimum age criterion is 30 years. Participants compete for themselves, instead of their countries. There are no competition qualification requirements apart from the age requirement and membership in that sport's governing body. The event's first edition was hosted by Vancouver, Canada from 26 August to 4 September 2016.

## History

| Edition | Year | Host city | Country | Competitors | Dates |
| 1 | 2016 | Vancouver | Canada | | 26 August – 4 September |
| - | 2022 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | - | Cancelled |
| 2 | 2024 | Cleveland | USA | TBD | 12–23 July |
| 3 | 2028 | Macapá | Brazil | | |
2020 was postponed and later cancelled.
# Georg F. Backhaus

Georg Friedrich Backhaus (born 1955 in Freienhagen, Hessen, Germany) is a German agricultural scientist specializing in horticulture and phytomedicine. Since 2008 he has been president of the Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) with headquarters in Quedlinburg.

## Life and work

After taking his school-leaving exams at the Alten Landesschule, Korbach, in 1973 he took up studies in Biology and Social Sciences at the Comprehensive University of Kassel. After military service he further studied horticulture at the University of Hannover (1975-1980).
After obtaining a diploma in agricultural engineering Herr Backhaus worked for a Ph. D. as a scientist at the Institute for Plant Disease and Plant Protection at the same university. He obtained the qualification Dr. rer. hort. in 1984 with a dissertation entitled: Untersuchungen zur Nutzung der endotrophen (VA) Mykorrhiza in der gärtnerischen Pflanzenproduktion. Studies on the use of the endotrophs (VA) Mykorrhiza in horticulture. His supervisor for this work was Prof. Dr. Fritz Schoenbeck.
After working abroad as a post-doc at the Institute of Forestry-Mycology and –Pathology at the Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala he completed an internship at the Landespflanzenschutzamt Rheinland-Pfalz (Rheinland-Pfalz Plant Protection Agency), leading to the 2nd State Examination.
In 1986 Dr. Backhaus took over as director of the Department of Plant Protection in Horticulture at the Provincial Chamber of Agriculture in Weser-Ems. In 1993 he moved to the Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft (Federal Biology Institute of Agriculture and Forestry) in Braunschweig, taking over as Director and Professor of the Institut für Pflanzenschutz im Gartenbau (Institute of Plant Protection in Horticulture):
He was appointed President of the Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft (BBA, see above) in Braunschweig in 2002. After re-organising and amalgamating various provincial research institutions he was appointed Professor and President of the Julius Kuehn-Institute.

## Involvement and honours

* Georg F. Backhaus Publisher of the Journal of Horticultural Crops
* Georg Backhaus Organiser of Meetings on Phytomedicine
* Thaer-Medal for Georg F. Backhaus pdf
# Gymnastics at the 2019 SEA Games – Ball

The ball competition for rhythmic gymnastics at the 2019 SEA Games in Philippines was held from 6 to 7 December 2019 at Rizal Memorial Coliseum.

## Schedule

All times are Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8).
| Date | Time | Squad |
| Fri, 6 December 2019 | 11:05 | Qualification |
| Sat, 7 December 2019 | 10:30 | Final |

## Results
### Qualification

Note: Top eight qualified for final with a condition of maximum two gymnasts per nation.
| Rank | Name | Difficulty | Execution | Penalty | Total |
| 1 | Koi Sie Yan (MAS) | 8.900 | 7.050 | | 15.950 |
| 2 | Benjaporn Limpanich (THA) | 9.200 | 6.750 | | 15.950 |
| 3 | Daniela Reggie Dela Pisa (PHI) | 9.200 | 5.950 | | 15.150 |
| 4 | Izzah Amzan (MAS) | 8.800 | 5.850 | | 14.650 |
| 5 | Rayna Hoh Khai Ling (MAS) | 8.500 | 5.900 | | 14.400 |
| 6 | Avryl Tan Ying (SGP) | 8.200 | 5.950 | | 14.150 |
| 7 | Leah Chew (SGP) | 8.800 | 5.350 | | 14.150 |
| 8 | Nat Kulsanawong (THA) | 8.000 | 6.050 | | 14.050 |
| 9 | Nguyễn Hà My (VIE) | 7.900 | 5.900 | | 13.800 |
| 10 | Shieldannah Sabio (PHI) | 7.000 | 5.550 | | 12.550 |
| 11 | Reyna Jean Cornel (PHI) | 7.000 | 5.200 | | 12.200 |
| 12 | Arisa Tanthathoedtham (THA) | 7.500 | 4.900 | -0.3 | 12.100 |
| 13 | Alicia Lim Qian Hui (SGP) | 7.500 | 4.550 | | 12.050 |
| 14 | Ngo Hai Yen (VIE) | 6.500 | 5.250 | | 11.750 |
| 15 | Yeo Siew Lyn (SGP) | 6.600 | 4.750 | | 11.350 |
| 16 | Thalia Ester Mercilita (INA) | 6.500 | 3.850 | -0.1 | 10.250 |
| 17 | Carla Febri Florentina (INA) | 6.100 | 3.500 | | 9.600 |
| 18 | Marian Nicolle Medina (PHI) | 5.400 | 2.950 | -0.6 | 7.750 |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Difficulty | Execution | Penalty | Total |
| | Izzah Amzan (MAS) | 10.400 | 7.400 | | 17.800 |
| | Nat Kulsanawong (THA) | 8.900 | 7.400 | | 16.300 |
| | Daniela Reggie Dela Pisa (PHI) | 9.100 | 6.500 | | 15.600 |
| 4 | Leah Chew (SGP) | 9.000 | 5.500 | | 14.500 |
| 5 | Koi Sie Yan (MAS) | 7.800 | 6.400 | | 14.200 |
| 6 | Benjaporn Limpanich (THA) | 8.100 | 5.150 | | 13.250 |
| 7 | Avryl Tan Ying (SGP) | 7.300 | 5.300 | | 12.600 |
| 8 | Nguyễn Hà My (VIE) | 7.600 | 5.000 | -0.35 | 12.250 |
# Elvio

Elvio is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Elvio Banchero (1904–1982), Italian football player
* Élvio (footballer), Élvio Donizete Ezequiel (born 1956), Brazilian football player
* Elvio Jiménez (born 1940), Dominican baseball player
* Elvio Martínez (born 1982), Argentine football player
* Elvio van Overbeek (born 1994), Angolan-born Dutch football player
* Elvio Mana (born 1955), Argentine football player
* Elvio Porcel de Peralta, Argentine football player
* Elvio Porta (1945–2016), Italian actor
* Elvio Romero (1926–2004), Paraguayan poet
* Elvio Sadun (1918–1974), Italian-born American parasitologist
* Elvio Salvori (born 1944), Italian football player
# Phyllostegia brevidens

Phyllostegia brevidens, the Mauna Kea phyllostegia, is a plant species in the family Lamiaceae first described in 1862. It is found on Hawaii (Big Island) and on Maui.