OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isotopically pure diamond

An isotopical pure diamond is a type of diamond that is composed entirely of one isotope of carbon. Isotopically pure diamonds have been manufactured from either the more common carbon isotope with mass number 12 (abbreviated as $^{12}$C) or the less common $^{13}$C isotope. Compared to natural diamonds that are composed of a mixture of $^{12}$C and $^{13}$C isotopes, isotopically pure diamonds possess improved characteristics such as increased thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity of diamonds is at a minimum when $^{12}$C and $^{13}$C are in a ratio of 1:1 and reaches a maximum when the composition is 100% $^{12}$C or 100% $^{13}$C.

## Manufacture

The isotopes of carbon can be separated in the form of carbon dioxide gas by cascaded chemical exchange reactions with amine carbamate. Such CO$_2$ can be converted to methane and from there to isotopically pure synthetic diamonds. Isotopically enriched diamonds have been synthesized by application of chemical vapor deposition followed by high pressure.

## Types
### Carbon 12

The $^{12}$C isotopically pure, (or in practice 15-fold enrichment of isotopic number, 12 over 13 for carbon) diamond gives a 50% higher thermal conductivity than the already high value of 900-2000 W/(m·K) for a normal diamond, which contains the natural isotopic mixture of 98.9% $^{12}$C and 1.1% $^{13}$C. This is useful for heat sinks for the semiconductor industry.

### Carbon 13

Isotopically pure $^{13}$C diamond layers 20 micrometers thick are used as stress sensors due to the advantageous Raman spectroscopy properties of $^{13}$C.
# Dominique Cardona

Dominique Cardona (born 1955) is an Argentinian-born Canadian film director, producer, and screenwriter. She works primarily but not exclusively in collaboration with Laurie Colbert. The duo are most noted for their 1999 short film Below the Belt, which was a Genie Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 21st Genie Awards in 2000, and their feature film Margarita, which won the Audience Award for Best Feature Film at the Inside Out Film and Video Festival in 2012.
Their other films have included the documentary shorts Thank God I'm a Lesbian (1992) and My Feminism (1997) and the feature films Finn's Girl (2007) and Catch and Release (2018).
Separately from Colbert, Cardona has also directed episodes of the television series Amélie et compagnie.
# John S. Lekson

John S. Lekson (April 14, 1917 – January 19, 1992) was a United States Army major general.
He was born to Slovenian immigrant parents. He graduated from Western Reserve University and enlisted in the Ohio National Guard in 1940 as a private. He was commissioned through Officer Candidate School and rose to major during World War II. During the war, he served with the 82nd Airborne Division, including the 504th Parachute Infantry, and fought in North Africa, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany, including the Battle of the Bulge. He also served in Austria, Italy and Korea.
In Vietnam, he served as Assistant Commander of the 9th Infantry Division and the 101st Airborne Division in 1967–68, subsequently rising in rank to major general. His final assignment was Director of Operations for the Readiness Command, predecessor of the U.S. Central Command. He retired in 1975.
His medals included the Distinguished Service Medal, the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit and the Bronze Star.
He died in 1992 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.
# Eumysia semicana

Eumysia semicana is a species of snout moth in the genus Eumysia. It was described by Carl Heinrich in 1956. It is found in California, United States.
# Eternal Affairs

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Eternal Affairs is the second album released by Heather B. It was released on February 12, 2002 through independent label Sai Records.

## Track listing

* This 2002 hip hop album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Harlestone Heath

Harlestone Heath is a 2.6-hectare (6.4-acre) nature reserve north-west of Northampton in Northamptonshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.
The site is two narrow strips on either side of the Northampton loop railway line between Northampton and Rugby, with a tunnel connecting the strips. A stream runs along the north-east boundary. It is acid heathland, which is rare in the county. Birds include green woodpeckers and siskins, and there are butterflies such as brown arguses and speckled woods.
There is access by footpaths from Harlestone Road through the Firs conifer plantation.
# Etlingera newmanii

Etlingera newmanii is a monocotyledonous plant species described by S. Sakai and Hidetoshi Nagamasu. Etlingera newmanii is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
# Etlingera pauciflora

Etlingera pauciflora is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Henry Nicholas Ridley, and was given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera pauciflora is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
# Etlingera pandanicarpa

Etlingera pandanicarpa is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer, and given its current name from Axel Dalberg Poulsen. Etlingera pandanicarpa is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae.
The species' range is in the Philippines. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
# Eureka Federal Savings

Eureka Federal Savings was an American thrift based in San Carlos, California which operated primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area, with 35 branches at the thrift's height.
Founded in 1890, it was one of the oldest savings and loan organizations in California. Being a savings and loan, it was known primary for interest bearing accounts, certificates of deposit, and home loans, before its eventual downfall in 1988.

## History

Eureka Federal Savings was founded in 1890.

### Collapse

Like many other savings and loans of its time, Eureka Federal made risky investments in the 1980s, primarily in the Las Vegas, Nevada, casino market. Many of its investments soured, and the thrift was seized by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation in 1988. It was sold to private investors, and became EurekaBank, a Federal Savings Bank.

## Sponsorships

Eureka Federal Savings was the sponsor of the one-time Eureka Federal Savings Classic, a pro golf tournament on the Champions Tour, held in San Francisco in 1981.

## Popular culture

The Eureka Federal Savings name was revived, temporarily, for filming of the 2008 film Milk. During filming on Castro Street, the U.S. Bank branch, the final owner of Eureka's assets, was temporarily rebranded as Eureka Federal Savings, for a certain scene in the movie.
# Eureka Glacier

Eureka Glacier (69°44′S 68°45′W﻿ / ﻿69.733°S 68.750°W﻿ / -69.733; -68.750) is a broad, gently sloping glacier, 18 nautical miles (33 km) long and 17 nautical miles (31 km) wide at its mouth, which flows westward from the west side of Palmer Land into George VI Sound. It is bounded on its north side by the nunataks south of Mount Edgell, on its south side by the Traverse Mountains and Terminus Nunatak, and at its head Prospect Glacier provides a route to the Wordie Ice Shelf. It was first surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill and resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The name, from the ancient Greek word eureka, expresses the triumph of discovery and arose because the BGLE sledge party found their way to George VI Sound via this glacier in 1936.
# Euphorbia flanaganii

Euphorbia flanaganii, commonly known as Transkei medusa's head, is a succulent plant that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa. Due to the breadth of the Euphorbiaceae, little research specific to E. flanaganii has been conducted.

## Taxonomy

It is believed to be closely related to E. hypogaea and E. procumbens, resulting from a common speciation event. However, the phylogenetic association between the three species remains relatively unreliable, with values of only 53/.66 attributed to the linkage. Euphorbia flanaganii is in subgenus Athymalus, which comprises 150 species.

## Description

It is an agglomerated, thorny, succulent plant with snake-like branches that has a swollen underground stem. It is a dwarf shrub with a size of 0.02 to 0.05 m in height that is found at an altitude of 30 to 185 meters. Leaves are rather small, only 10 mm long and 1 mm broad. Its branches grow horizontally, up to 400 mm in diameter. It has inflorescence in cyathium with a single, 4 mm long flower per flower stalk that bloom in late summer and autumn.
It has photosynthetic modified stems that lack, or have delayed development of, periderm. Careful observation of E. flanaganii specimens also reveals modified, needle-like leaves, radial geometric symmetry, and a seemingly tuberous above ground root structure.

## Distribution

Euphorbia flanaganii is native to the east-central and southeastern Cape Provinces and southern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.

## Evolution

Species within subgenus Athymalus, including E. flanaganii, are found only in arid regions such as the Arabian Peninsula, the Canary Islands, Madagascar, and South Africa. The historical and modern day geographical home of the subgenus, and the diversity level among species in the same region, suggest species in Athymalus are a lineage of early divergence. A large speciation event of Euphorbia is believed to have occurred over the course of 3 million to 10 million years ago, due to a significant change in climate, in what are now considered to be modern arid regions; the Athymalus subgenus is believed to have evolved during this period.
Given the present body of knowledge that pertains to other Euphorbia species found in the same regions as E. flanaganii, and historical evolutionary events, it is highly likely that E. flanaganii is roughly 3–10 million years old as well.
# Euphorbia florida

Euphorbia florida, the Chiricahua milk spurge or Chiricahua Mountain sandmat, is an annual plant in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) found in the Sonoran Desert of the mountains of southern Arizona and north-western Mexico.$^{:55}$
# Eupithecia kondarana

Eupithecia kondarana is a moth in the family Geometridae.
# Eupithecia kostjuki

Eupithecia kostjuki is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Kazakhstan (the Ala-Tau Mountains).
# Eucalyptus copulans

Eucalyptus copulans is a species of small, critically endangered tree only known in the wild from one or two individual plants in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales. It has smooth bark, usually with several main stems, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in group of eleven or more and more or less spherical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus copulans is a tree, often with several main trunks and with smooth grey or green bark that is shed in ribbons. Young plants have narrow elliptical leaves that are dull greyish green, up to 65 mm (2.6 in) long and 25 mm (0.98 in) wide on a petiole 2–7 mm (0.079–0.276 in) long. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, the same glossy green on both sides, 60–120 mm (2.4–4.7 in) long and 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) wide on a petiole 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of eleven or more in leaf axils on a peduncle 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long, the individual buds sessile or on a pedicel up to 1 mm (0.039 in) long. Mature buds are cylindrical, up to 8 mm (0.31 in) long and 2.5 mm (0.098 in) wide with a conical operculum about the same length as the floral cup. The fruit is a woody, more or less spherical capsule 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and about 5 mm (0.20 in) wide with the valves enclosed below the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus copulans was first formally described in 1991 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill from a specimen collected in 1957 near Wentworth Falls railway station. The description was published in the journal Telopea.
The authors considered that this species is similar to both E. stellulata and E. moorei but that it could not be a hybrid of these species because of its geographical isolation from them. Andrew Vernon Slee, Ian Brooker, Siobhan Duffy and Judy West, the authors of Eucalypts of Australia, consider it to be a subspecies, Eucalyptus moorei subsp. moorei.
The specific epithet (copulans) is derived from the Latin word copulo meaning "to couple" or "to join", referring to "the link between E. moorei and E. stellulata formed by this species".

## Distribution and habitat

This species was only ever known from woodland and in swampy sites near Wentworth Falls and the population near the railway station was destroyed in a bushfires in the 1950s. Only two wild-growing specimens are known from the area, growing in a nature reserve.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "endangered" under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The main threats to the species include its small population size, inappropriate fire regimes and habitat degradation.
# Eupithecia pippa

Eupithecia pippa is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 25 mm for males. The forewings are brownish in the posterior half and red-brownish distally. The hindwings are uniform smoky coloured.
# Eupithecia pictimargo

Eupithecia pictimargo is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Mexico.
# Harny de Guerville

Harny de Guerville was an 18th-century French playwright.
Apart from his own works, Harny contributed to two plays by Justine Favart (Les amours de Bastien et Bastienne, parodie du Devin de village (1753), and Les ensorcelés, ou Jeannot et Jeannette, parodie des Surprises de l’amour (1757)), and retouched one by Lesage.

## Works

* Candidamentor, ou le voyageur grec, Paris, 1766, in-12.
* Georget et Georgette, opéra comique in one act and in prose, mingled with ariettes, Paris, Duchesne, 1761, in-8°.
* Le petit-maître en province, comedy in one act and in free verse with ariettes. Paris, Vve Duchesne, 1765; another edition, Paris, N. B. Duchesne, 1772, in-8°.
* Le prix des talents, one-act parody of the third act of Fêtes de l’hymen et de l’amour by Jean-Philippe Rameau, all in vaudevilles, with M. S***, Paris, Duchesne, 1755, in-8°. (with Sabine)
* La sybille, one-act parody, all in ariettes and vaudevilles, Paris, Delormel, 1758, in-8°. Music by Paul-César Gibert.
# Eugoa euryphaea

Eugoa euryphaea is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in India (Sikkim).
# Eugoa eeckei

Eugoa eeckei is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on Sulawesi.
# Eugoa ellipsis

Eugoa ellipsis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in western Malaysia. The species is named for the elliptical shape on their wings.

## Physical attributes

The males of Eugoa ellipsis have a wingspan of 14-15 millimeters. They have a pale brown forewing and weakly mottled dark brown color at the apex. Their wings have an almost elliptical black spot and the hindwings are a pale yellow. The females have a slightly smaller wingspans and solid pale brown colouring on their hindwings.
# Kinloch Lodge

Kinloch Lodge, first opened in 1897, was once the private lodge of the Duke of Sutherland, and is situated near the village of Tongue in Sutherland, Scotland.

## Background

It was sold in 1919 as part of the massive land disposal by the Duke of Sutherland at the end of the Great War. The Kinloch Estate extends to nearly 20,000 acres and rises from sea level at the Kyle of Tongue to over 3,000 feet on Ben Hope, the most northerly Munro.
The lodge was created as a classical Scottish sporting and hunting estate and is now renovated and transformed into a hotel.
In 2011, it was bought and renovated by a Danish businessman Anders Holch Povlsen. Kinloch is a part of Wildland Ltd which is one of the biggest nature conservation projects in the Scottish Highlands.
# Eupithecia proinsigniata

Eupithecia proinsigniata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Nepal.
# Eupithecia propagata

Eupithecia propagata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. It is on wing from late July to late October.
Adults have rusty brown forewings with a number of black and white markings, and off-white hindwings with a dark streak along the posterior edge and corner. It is smaller and darker than Eupithecia refertissima, which it otherwise resembles in outward appearance.
# Kimilsungia and Kimjongilia Exhibition Hall

The Okryu Exhibition Hall (Korean:옥류전시관/玉流展示馆), formerly known as the Kimilsungia and Kimjongilia Exhibition Hall (Korean: 김일성화김정일화전시관), was changed to its current name in 2020. It is a museum located in Pyongyang, North Korea. It opened in July 2013. It hosts the International Kimilsungia and Kimjongilia Festivals, which is about Kimilsungia and the Kimjongilia, two flowers named after North Korean leaders Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il.
# Harry Dumashie

Air Marshal Achilles Harry Kwami Dumashie (4 June 1938 - 20 December 2002), often known as Harry Dumashie, was a Ghanaian soldier. He served as Chief of Air Staff and as Ghanaian Chief of Defence Staff from 1992 to 1996.

## Early life and education

Dumashie was born at Dzelukope in the Volta Region of Ghana. His secondary school education was at Mawuli School at Ho which he attended between 1955 and 1959. He proceeded to the Ghana Military Academy where he received his military training. He also trained as a pilot at the Pilot Training School at the Accra Air Force Station.

## Career and politics

He received his commission into the Ghana Armed Forces on 30 September 1961. He joined the Ghana Air Force, rising through the ranks to become the Chief of Air Staff in June 1988.
Following the death of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) Major General Winston Mensa-Wood in March 1992, Dumashie was appointed as his replacement on 22 March 1992. He also succeeded him as a member of the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC), which was the military government ruling Ghana at the time in his capacity as Chief of Defence Staff. He held this position until the PNDC handed over power to a civilian Rawlings government following the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. He however continued as the CDS until 1 October 1996 when he was succeeded by Lieutenant General Akafia.

## Death

Duamashie died at the 37 Military Hospital in Accra after a short illness.

## Family

Dumashie was survived by a wife and six children.

## Honours

In October 2012, President John Mahama commissioned equipment including a simulator, three surveillance aircraft and two hangars at the Takoradi Air Force Station. One of the hangars was named the "AVM Achiles Harry Kwame Dumashie Hangar".
# Harry Duncan

Harry F. Duncan (February 19, 1899 – April 17, 1992) was an American businessman known for founding Little Tavern shops. Duncan opened his first store in 1928 in Washington, DC. By 1939, the chain had grown to almost 50 stores. Their motto was "Buy 'em by the bag."
Duncan donated to numerous organizations and charity through the Harry F. Duncan Foundation. located in Towson, Maryland. Some of his beneficiaries include the Andrew County Museum, Boy Scouts of America, Habitat for Humanity, and American Red Cross. He sat on the Board of Trustees for George Washington University and received an honorary doctorate for public service from the University in 1983.
Duncan is survived by his wife, Anneliese H. Duncan, who serves as President of the Harry F. Duncan Foundation.
Although Duncan became wealthy, very little is known about his life. He was born in Savannah, Missouri with a closely knit family. Much is not disclosed about his family from Duncan as there were issues about his money and the racist remarks made by his immediate family. His closest friends was Edgar J. Hoover, head of the FBI where they would socialize often, and even give each other gifts. Including a lion rug that Hoover had hunted during one of his many hunting safaris.
# Eupithecia sticticata

Eupithecia sticticata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 22 mm. The forewings are olive-grey, powdered with fine whitish scales. The lines are very fine, brown and marked by blackish dots on the veins. The hindwings are pale luteous.
# Harper, Prince Edward Island

Harper (sometimes referred to collectively as Harper Road) is a Canadian rural community located in western Prince County, Prince Edward Island.
Among other roads, Harper is located on Route 158, which runs from Route 2 (Tignish) to Route 156 (Palmer Road).
The second community on Route 158 is Leoville, which continues to officially exist, although a 1998 civic address reform in Prince Edward Island saw all Leoville addresses consolidated under Harper. Many locals refer to Harper and Leoville as "Harper Road" collectively.
Harper is home to Harper's Brook, a tributary to the Tignish River, which runs from Tignish to DeBlois. Harper has a population of approximately 200 residents and traces its name to the explorer William Harper, who inhabited the area during the 19th century. Harper (Settlement) was adopted in the Place Names of Prince Edward Island in 1925 and was changed to Harpers (Settlement) on December 3, 1946, then to Harper (Station) on May 5, 1960. It was changed to its present status as Harper (Locality) on October 23, 1989.

## List of roads in Harper

* Harper Rd - Route 158
* Gunion Rd
* Spruce Ln
* Pinetree Ln
* Western Rd - Route 2
* Phillip St
* Joe Pete Rd
* Peter Rd - Route 159
# Kirchsee

Kirchsee may refer to:
* Kirchsee (Bavaria), a lake in the south German state of Bavaria.
* Kirchsee (Schleswig-Holstein), a lake in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein.
# Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust runs Harrogate District Hospital, a NHS district general hospital in Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England. The trust was founded on 1 January 2005. It has 12,934 public and 2,322 staff members across Harrogate and District, who are actively involved in running the hospital and maintaining performance. Trust members elect a board of governors who represent the public, the staff and the stakeholder organisations. Sarah Armstrong is the chairman and Jonathan Coulter is the chief executive.

## Staffing

The hospital is the largest employer in Harrogate employing approximately 2500 staff. Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust was rated 'Double Excellent' by the Care Quality Commission for the year 2008-2009. This score covers a range of areas including safety of patients, cleanliness and waiting times. The trust received an 'Excellent' rating in the Patient Environmental Action Team (PEAT) assessment undertaken in 2010. It was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015. At that time it had 2911 full-time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 4%. 72% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 65% recommended it as a place to work.
In March 2015 the trust awarded a three-year contract to Comensura, based in Luton, a labour supply management specialist, for the supply of medical locums, hoping to reduce the £2.8 million spent on medical agency staff in 2013/14.
In 2017 the trust established a subsidiary company, Harrogate Healthcare Facilities Management Ltd, to which 300 estates and facilities staff were transferred. The intention was to achieve VAT benefits, as well as pay bill savings, by recruiting new staff on less expensive non-NHS contracts. VAT benefits arise because NHS trusts can only claim VAT back on a small subset of goods and services they buy. The Value Added Tax Act 1994 provides a mechanism through which NHS trusts can qualify for refunds on contracted out services.

## CQC rating

In November 2018 the Care Quality Commission carried out an inspection, which resulted in an overall score of ‘Good’ for Harrogate Hospital, it scored ‘Outstanding’ for caring however scored as ‘Requires Improvement’ for safe.