OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pólya Prize (LMS)

The Pólya Prize is a prize in mathematics, awarded by the London Mathematical Society. Second only to the triennial De Morgan Medal in prestige among the society's awards, it is awarded in the years that are not divisible by three – those in which the De Morgan Medal is not awarded. First given in 1987, the prize is named after Hungarian mathematician George Pólya, who was a member of the society for over 60 years.
The prize is awarded "in recognition of outstanding creativity in, imaginative exposition of, or distinguished contribution to, mathematics within the United Kingdom". It cannot be given to anyone who has previously received the De Morgan Medal.

## List of winners

* 1987 John Horton Conway
* 1988 C. T. C. Wall
* 1990 Graeme B. Segal
* 1991 Ian G. Macdonald
* 1993 David Rees
* 1994 David Williams
* 1996 David Edmunds
* 1997 John Hammersley
* 1999 Simon Donaldson
* 2000 Terence Lyons
* 2002 Nigel Hitchin
* 2003 Angus Macintyre
* 2005 Michael Berry
* 2006 Peter Swinnerton-Dyer
* 2008 David Preiss
* 2009 Roger Heath-Brown
* 2011 E. Brian Davies
* 2012 Dan Segal
* 2014 Miles Reid
* 2015 Boris Zilber
* 2017 Alex Wilkie
* 2018 Karen Vogtmann
* 2020 Martin W. Liebeck
* 2021 Ehud Hrushovski
* 2023 Frances Kirwan
# Lloyd P. Gerson

Lloyd P. Gerson (Dec. 23, 1948, Chicago, Illinois) is an American-Canadian scholar of ancient philosophy, the history of philosophy, metaphysics, and Neoplatonism. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He is best-known for his work on Plotinus, particularly his full-length translation of the Enneads that is based primarily on the Henry-Schwyzer editio minor (HS$^2$) Greek text.

## Works

* God and Greek Philosophy: Studies in the early history of natural theology, London: Routledge, 1990
* Plotinus, London: Routledge, 1994, (Arguments of the Philosophers Series)
* Knowing Persons. A Study in Plato, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004
* Aristotle and Other Platonists, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005
* Ancient Epistemology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009
* From Plato to Platonism, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013
* The Enneads, Cambridge University Press, 2018 (translated and edited with George Boys-Stones, John M. Dillon, R.A. King, Andrew Smith and James Wilberding)
* Platonism and Naturalism. The Possibility of Philosophy, Cornell University Press, 2020
* Plato's Moral Realism. Cambridge University Press, 2023.
# Health and intelligence

Health and intelligence may refer to:
* Impact of health on intelligence, research findings on how health deficiencies and medical and nutritional interventions influence intelligence test scores
* Cognitive epidemiology, a field of research investigating how intelligence measured at an early age predicts later morbidity and mortality outcomes
# Gaetano Melzi

Gaetano Melzi (Milan, December 28, 1786 - Milan, September 9, 1851) was an Italian bibliographer and bibliophile.

## Biography

Son of Giuseppe dei Melzi Malingegni and Teresa dei Conti Prata, he was educated in the Collegio dei Nobili of Parma, where he met the Jesuit Juan Andrés, author of Dell'origine, progressi e stato attuale d'ogni letteratura.
His career as a bibliophile began with the collection of incunabula and Greek and Latin classics, which were then dispersed and sold to libraries, such as the Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense, or to private individuals. The part purchased by Frank Hall Standish, a wealthy English collector, including 3500 rare volumes and 250 incunabula, subsequently passed to Louis-Philippe of France, to his son Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale, and after his death became part of the Condé Museum in Chantilly.
Gaetano Melzi later produced two works that have become a working tool for librarians: the "Bibliography of Italian novels and poems of chivalry", and the three volumes of the "Dictionary of anonymous and pseudonymous works of Italian writers", used for the identification of anonymous authors of the past. His library of over 30,000 volumes, inherited in the 1930s by the Meli-Lupi family of Soragna, was gradually dismembered.
Gaetano Melzi was also a passionate music lover: he corresponded with many musicians of his time (including: Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini, Verdi), and left a voluminous correspondence, of considerable interest, currently kept at the Museo Teatrale alla Scala in Milan.
# Gremlin Theatre

Gremlin Theatre is a small, nonprofit, professional theatre company based in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. Gremlin primarily performs actor-centered plays in the classic American style of realism, seeking, as their mission statement reads, "to provide artistically brilliant, accessible, and enjoyable theatrical experiences." Recently, Gremlin has turned its attention to producing new plays by local Twin Cities playwrights and to bringing Equity actors into their casts. They are the resident company at the Loading Dock a small theater space which was constructed out of an unused warehouse/loading space in the basement of the Renaissance Box, a former warehouse in St. Paul that has been retrofitted into an arts/office complex. The Renaissance Box staff credits the staff of Gremlin with all of the work it took to create the Loading Dock, which has played home to other small theatre companies in the Twin Cities, including Starting Gate Productions and Theatre Pro Rata.
The Gremlin Theater recently moved to a new theater space on the corner of University Avenue and Raymond Avenue, in Saint Paul.
Peter Hansen is the Artistic Director and Carl Schoenborn is the Technical Director.

## Shows

* 2000: The London Cuckolds review)
* 2002: The Odd Couple; Independence (review)
* 2003: The Venetian Twins; Two Rooms; Bus Stop; A Doll's House (review)
* 2004: Blithe Spirit (review 1; review 2); The Crucible; Orphans (review)
* 2005: Lend Me a Tenor; Wait Until Dark; A Devil Inside (review); A Long Day's Journey Into Night (review 1; review 2); On the Verge
* 2006: The Boys Next Door; Almost Exactly Like Us (review); "Hay Fever"; The Petrified Forest; To All Men Named Jackson (review)
# Sakuradote Kofun

Sakuradote Kofun (桜土手古墳) is a group of kofun burial mounds located in Hadano, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is protected by the prefectural government as a national historic site.
Located on the right bank of the Mizunashi River, the Sakuradote Kofun complex consists of 35 tumuli in a small area measuring approximately 500 meters east-west by 300 meters north-south. From the style of construction and the artifacts recovered during archaeological excavation, these kofun are thought to date from the final period of kofun construction in the late 7th century AD.
The largest kofun has a diameter of 28 meters and a height of 5.6 meters.
Artifacts recovered included numerous shards of Sue ware and Haji ware, along with magatama and other jewelry, and remnants of weapons and armor, along with horse fittings. Only 12 of the original 35 kofun have been preserved. Five are located on the grounds of a nearby Nissan factory, and one on the grounds of a Shimadzu Corp. factory, and are thus not accessible to the public. Six have been preserved as the Sakuradote Kofun Park, and a small museum on site displays some of the finds.
# George Wendell Brett

George Wendell Brett (May 30, 1912 – January 14, 2005), of Iowa, was a philatelist who wrote extensively on postage stamps and other material produced by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and was called ”Mr. BIA” by his colleagues.

## Philatelic literature

Brett contributed over five hundred articles to philatelic journals. He authored several books on postage stamps and their printing, including “The Giori Press: A Comprehensive Study of Current Stamp Production at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing “ in 1961, and “Printing Methods and Techniques” in 1985.

## Philatelic activity

Brett was active in the philatelic community. He was president of the United States Stamp Society (previously called the Bureau Issues Association) during 1966 and 1967, then continued on as chairman and emeritus chairman until his death. And from 1961 to 1963 he was a member of the Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee.

## Honors and awards

Brett was honored with the Lichtenstein Medal in 1983, the Luff Award for distinguished philatelic research in 1978, and numerous other awards. He was named to the Writers Hall of Fame in 1979 and the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 2006.
# Grorud (disambiguation)

Grorud is a borough of Oslo, Norway.
Grorud may also refer to:

## Norway

* Grorud (station), a rapid transit station on the Oslo Metro
* Grorud IL, a football club from Grorud
* Grorud Line, a line on the Oslo Metro
* Grorud Station, a railway station on the Trunk Line in Grorud
* Grorud Valley, a valley and urban area in Oslo
* Grorud Church, a historic church in Grorud

## People

* Lars Grorud (born 1983), Norwegian footballer
* Mats Grorud (born 1976), Norwegian film director
# Frank Hesham

Francis James Hesham (1879 – 17 November 1915) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Manchester City, Oldham Athletic and Stoke.

## Career

Hesham began his career with Manchester City, for whom he made two appearances during the 1896–97 season. After three years with non-league club Gorton St Francis, he made a further appearance for Manchester City in January 1901. He then began a journeyman career and played for Crewe Alexandra (two spells), Accrington Stanley, Leyton, Oldham Athletic, Preston North End, Croydon Common and Newton Heath Alliance, before retiring in 1913.

## Personal life

Hesham was married with a son. Prior to the First World War, he served in the Manchester Regiment and later worked as a clerk in Manchester. In November 1914, during the early months of the war, Hesham enlisted as a gunner in the Royal Garrison Artillery. He was posted to France in May 1915 and was killed near Ypres on 17 November 1915. Hesham was buried in La Clytte Military Cemetery.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Manchester City | 1896–97 | Second Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Manchester City | 1900–01 | First Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Manchester City | Manchester City total | Manchester City total | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Stoke | 1904–05 | First Division | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Leyton | 1906–07 | Southern League First Division | 33 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 5 |
| Oldham Athletic | 1907–08 | Second Division | 25 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 29 | 10 |
| Oldham Athletic | 1908–09 | Second Division | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Oldham Athletic | Total | Total | 34 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 40 | 10 |
| Croydon Common | 1909–10 | Southern League First Division | 28 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 31 | 17 |
| Croydon Common | 1910–11 | Southern League Second Division | 11 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 8 |
| Croydon Common | Total | Total | 39 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 44 | 25 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 126 | 35 | 11 | 6 | 137 | 41 |
# Józef Czempiel

Józef Czempiel (born 21 September 1883 in Piekary Śląskie – 4 May 1942) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, activist. He was murdered in Dachau concentration camp.
On 13 June 1999, Czempiel was among 108 Polish martyrs of World War II, beatified in Warsaw by Pope John Paul II.
# Pólus Palace Golf Club

Pólus Palace Golf Club was a golf course in Hungary. It was built by Péter Pólus, a Hungarian entrepreneur. It is privately owned.
The course is situated on a 178 acres (0.28 sq mi; 0.72 km$^2$), protected nature reserve, with a driving range with 16 sheltered stands and both pitching and putting greens, Polus Palace calls itself a "golf hotel". It hosted the Polus Palace Masters Cup golf tournament, sponsored by Chevrolet in 2005. The course also supports practising. The 6,208 yards (5,677 m) course has a day and night driving range with professional golfers offering instructions. A series of tournaments are being held from early spring till fall.
Registered players of the Club sometimes participate on charity golf events.
# Everybody Say JLS: The Hits Tour

Everybody Say JLS: The Hits Tour is the sixth concert tour by JLS. It is their first tour since the Beat Again Tour in 2021.
The tour began at the 3Arena in Dublin on 20 October 2023.

## Background

The tour was being teased in February. It was officially announced in February 2023. The show will also feature a DJ segment.
In October 2023, the tour was extended to the summer of 2024.

## Setlist

This is based on the 20 October show.
* Eyes Wide Shut
* Hottest Girl in the World
* Day One / Finesse
* Do You Feel What I Feel
* Eternal Love
* One Shot
* So Many Girls
* Only Making Love
* I Know What She Likes
* Close to You
* Only Tonight
* Better for You
* The Club Is Alive
* DJ Set Megamix
* She Makes Me Wanna
* Beat Again
* Love You More
* Everybody in Love

## Tour dates

* October 20 - Dublin 3Arena
* October 21 - Belfast SSE Arena
* October 23 - Nottingham Motorpoint Arena
* October 24 - Bournemouth Bournemouth Int'nl Centre
* October 26 - Liverpool M&S Bank Arena
* October 27 - Birmingham Utilita Arena
* October 28 - Birmingham Utilita Arena
* October 30 - Cardiff Cardiff International Arena
* October 31 - Cardiff Cardiff International Arena
* November 2 - Manchester AO Arena
* November 3 - Glasgow OVO Hydro
* November 4 - Newcastle Utilita Arena
* November 6 - Brighton BRIGHTON Centre
* November 7 - Leeds first direct Arena
* November 9 - London O2
* November 10 - London O2
* November 11 - Sheffield Utilita Arena
Tour dates as of March 2023.

## Reviews

The Bournemouth Daily Echo gave a positive review.
# Einar Gausel

Einar Johan Gausel (born 30 November 1963) is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's third International Grandmaster since 1995.
Gausel has won three Norwegian Chess Championships, in 1992, 1996 and 2001. His Grandmaster title was gained after making good results at tournaments in Gausdal in 1990, 1992, and 1994–1995 and finally winning a Danish tournament.
In 2001 he was equal first with Vladimir Chuchelov in the colossal Cappelle-la-Grande open (702 players, with 92 Grandmasters and 72 International masters).
Gausel is also the chess columnist for the Oslo newspaper Dagbladet. Gausel represents the largest chess club in Norway, Oslo Schackselskap.
Gausel's playing style is mostly positional and strategic. With White he usually opens with 1.d4, 1.c4 or 1.Nf3. With Black against 1.e4 he often plays solid openings like the Caro-Kann Defence, but has also played more adventurous lines such as the Center Counter Defence. Against 1.d4 Gausel often plays the Slav or Semi-Slav Defense.
# John Grayson

John Grayson may refer to:
* John Grayson (cricketer) (1871–1936), English cricketer
* John B. Grayson (1806–1861), U.S Army lieutenant-colonel in the Mexican–American War, later Confederate brigadier general in the American Civil War
* John Grayson (Heroic Publishing), a fictional superhero better known as Icestar
# Gromov Nunataks

The Gromov Nunataks (67°45′S 50°40′E﻿ / ﻿67.750°S 50.667°E﻿ / -67.750; 50.667) are a group of nunataks lying 7 nautical miles (13 km) east-southeast of Mount Henry in the Scott Mountains of Enderby Land, Antarctica. They were named by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1961–62, for M.M. Gromov, a Soviet pilot.
# Frank Hewitt

Frank Hewitt (October 23, 1935 – September 5, 2002) was an American hard bop jazz pianist.

## Life and career

Born in Queens, New York, Hewitt lived most of his life in Harlem. His mother was a church pianist, and he initially studied classical and gospel music, but switched to jazz after hearing a Charlie Parker record. He took the bop pianists Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell and Elmo Hope as his role models. In the 1950s and 1960s, he worked with Howard McGhee, Cecil Payne, John Coltrane, Dinah Washington and Billie Holiday, among others; in 1961, he also participated in the Living Theater's production of Jack Gelber's The Connection. He became a regular figure in the circle of the pianist Barry Harris. In the 1990s, Hewitt became a central figure at New York's Smalls Jazz Club; aside from playing there several nights a week, he sometimes also ended up using the walk-in refrigerator as a place to bunk when times were rough.
During his lifetime only one track of Hewitt's playing was released, a version of the Kenny Dorham tune "Prince Albert" on the compilation Jazz Underground: Live at Smalls (Impulse, 1998). After Hewitt's death, however, recordings made by Luke Kaven began to surface on Kaven's Smalls Records label: the trio discs We Loved You, Not Afraid to Live, Fresh from the Cooler, and Out of the Clear Black Sky, and the quintet date Four Hundred Saturdays. His reputation as a neglected jazz master has steadily grown among fans of bebop piano.
# Whidden

Whidden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin F. Whidden (1813–1896), American attorney, judge, teacher, and diplomat
* Bob Whidden (born 1946), former professional ice hockey player
* Charles B. Whidden (1835–1902), farmer, merchant, ship owner and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada
* Evan M. Whidden (1898–1980), Canadian Christian minister, President of Brandon College, Dean of Theology at Acadia University
* Holly Whidden, American magazine executive and television producer
* Howard P. Whidden (1871–1952), Canadian churchman, member of Parliament, educator, scholar and editor of Canadian Baptist
* James Whidden Allison (1795–1867), farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia
* R. Whidden Ganong, CM (1906–2000), Canadian businessman from the Province of New Brunswick
* Richard Whidden, 1989 Mystery Lake School Division Trustee, Manitoba, Canada
* Tom Whidden (born 1948), American sailor and sailmaker
* William M. Whidden (1857–1929), founding member of Whidden & Lewis, an architectural firm in Portland, Oregon, United States
# Alternaria saponariae

Alternaria saponariae is a fungal plant pathogen.
# Explorer S-55 (satellite)

Explorer S-55 was an American satellite launched by NASA on 30 June 1961, as part of the Explorer program. Explorer S-55, was launched using a Scout X-1 launch vehicle from the Wallops Flight Facility (WFF). Its mission was to evaluate the launch vehicle and investigate micrometeoroid impact and penetration. The mission failed because the third stage failed to ignite and the spacecraft did not achieve orbit.

## Mission

The objectives of the flight were to test vehicle performance and guidance and to investigate the nature and effects of micrometeoroids on the spacecraft systems. The scientific instrumentation consisted of cadmium sulfide-cell, wire-grid, piezoelectric, pressurized-cell and foil-type micrometeoroid detectors.

## Spacecraft

The spacecraft was a 1.93 m × 0.61 m (6 ft 4 in × 2 ft 0 in) cylinder. Weighing 86 kg (190 lb), including its fourth stage and transition section, its objective was to test the performance of a Scout launch vehicle and its guidance system and to investigate the nature and effects of space flight on micrometeoroids. Its payload was a 1.93 × 0.61 m (6 ft 4 in × 2 ft 0 in) cylinder, almost covered by five types of micometeoroid impact detectors, two transmitters, solar cells and nickel-cadmium batteries.

## Launch

Explorer S-55 was launched on 30 June 1961, at 17:09 GMT, in using a Scout X-1 launch vehicle. The mission failed because the third stage failed to ignite and the spacecraft did not achieve orbit.
# Grjothøi

Grjothøi is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,943-metre (6,375 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) southwest of the village of Bismo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Gjuvkampen to the northeast; Tverrfjellet to the east; Moldulhøi, Sandgrovhøi, and Hesthøi to the southeast, and Hestdalshøgdi to the southwest.
# Pistoia (surname)

Pistoia is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Maëlle Pistoia (born 2001), French singer
* Nicola Pistoia (born 1954), Italian actor, director, and playwright
# John Brooke, 1st Baron Cobham

John Brooke, 1st Baron Cobham (15 August 1575 - 1660) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1643. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.
Brooke was the son of Hon. Henry Brooke and his wife Anne Sutton, daughter of Sir Henry Sutton of Nottinghamshire; his father was the fifth son of George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham. In 1601 Brooke was in Paris learning French and in 1610 was journeying by sea and put into a port in Portugal. He was knighted in January 1612. In 1614, he was elected Member of Parliament for Gatton. He was elected MP for Oxford in 1621 and MP for Great Bedwyn in 1625. In May 1626 he was made senior Teller of the Exchequer. He lived at Heckington, Lincolnshire.
In November 1640 Brooke was elected MP for Appleby for the Long Parliament. In the civil war he granted a warrant for raising money for the King's service in Lincolnshire, and was disabled from sitting in parliament on 15 March 1643. He was created Baron Cobham on 3 January 1645.
Brooke died in 1660 and was buried at Wakerley, Northamptonshire on 20 May 1660.
Brooke married firstly Anne, who died in February 1625, and secondly Francis Bampfield, daughter of Sir William Bampfield.
# Guard tower

A guard tower is any military/paramilitary tower used for guarding an area. These towers are usually operated by military personnel, and are structures built in areas of established control. These include military bases and cities occupied by military forces. This type of fortification is a variation on the tower incorporated into the walls of castles from history, and are, in the modern day, equipped with such facilities as heavier weapons than those carried by infantry and searchlights.

## Notable guard towers

* Alcatraz guard towers
* Auschwitz II guard towers
* Tower of London
* Yuma Territorial Prison 1876 guard tower.

## Gallery

* A guard tower at the C.A. Holliday Unit of a state prison in Huntsville, Texas
# Debden

Debden may refer to:

## Places
### Canada

* Debden, Saskatchewan, Canada

### England

* Debden, Epping Forest, a suburb of Loughton, in the Epping Forest district of Essex
** Debden House, a residential adult education college in Loughton, Essex
** Debden tube station, a London Underground station in Loughton, Essex
* Debden, Uttlesford, a small rural village in the Uttlesford district of Essex
** RAF Debden, a former RAF station near Debden, Uttlesford
# Whidbey Scenic Isle Way

The Whidbey Scenic Isle Way is a Washington State Scenic and Recreational Highway on Whidbey Island in Island County, Washington that follows two different highways:
* SR 20 from SR 525 to Deception Pass; and
* SR 525 from the Clinton ferry terminal to SR 20