OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Speed skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Women's 1500 metres

The women's 1500 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of women's speed skating events at the Olympics and the 1500 metres were the second contest after the 500 metres. The competition was held on the Squaw Valley Olympic Skating Rink and for the first time at the Olympics on artificially frozen ice. It was held on Sunday, February 21, 1960. Twenty-three speed skaters from ten nations competed.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Lidiya Skoblikova Soviet Union | Elwira Seroczyńska Poland | Helena Pilejczyk Poland |

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1960 Winter Olympics.
| World Record | 2:25.5(*) | Khalida Shchegoleyeva | Medeo (URS) | January 30, 1953 |
| Olympic Record | | – | | |
(*) The record was set in a high altitude venue (more than 1000 metres above sea level) and on naturally frozen ice.
Klara Guseva set the first Olympic record with 2:28.7 minutes. Then Elwira Seroczyńska improved the Olympic record with 2:25.7 minutes. Finally Lidiya Skoblikova set a new world record with 2:25.2 minutes.

## Results

| Place | Speed skater | Time |
| 1 | Lidiya Skoblikova (URS) | 2:25.2 WR |
| 2 | Elwira Seroczyńska (POL) | 2:25.7 |
| 3 | Helena Pilejczyk (POL) | 2:27.1 |
| 4 | Klara Guseva (URS) | 2:28.7 |
| 5 | Valentina Stenina (URS) | 2:29.2 |
| 6 | Iris Sihvonen (FIN) | 2:29.7 |
| 7 | Christina Scherling (SWE) | 2:31.5 |
| 8 | Helga Haase (EUA) | 2:31.7 |
| 9 | Elsa Einarsson (SWE) | 2:32.9 |
| 10 | Fumie Hama (JPN) | 2:33.3 |
| 11 | Jeanne Ashworth (USA) | 2:33.7 |
| 12 | Yoshiko Takano (JPN) | 2:34.0 |
| 13 | Doreen Ryan (CAN) | 2:34.5 |
| 14 | Eevi Huttunen (FIN) | 2:35.1 |
| 15 | Jeanne Omelenchuk (USA) | 2:36.4 |
| 16 | Inge Görmer (EUA) | 2:36.5 |
| 17 | Françoise Lucas (FRA) | 2:36.6 |
| 18 | Barb Lockhart (USA) | 2:37.0 |
| 19 | Hatsue Takamizawa (JPN) | 2:43.7 |
| 20 | Margaret Robb (CAN) | 2:48.6 |
| 21 | Kim Gyeong-Hoe (KOR) | 2:48.6 |
| 22 | Gisela Toews (EUA) | 2:51.1 |
| 23 | Han Hye-Ja (KOR) | 2:55.6 |
As Robb and Kim skated in the same pair the referees decided that Robb finished ahead to place 20th.
# Speed skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres

The men's 10,000 metres in speed skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics took place on 7 February, at the Eisschnellaufbahn.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:
| World record | Jonny Nilsson (SWE) | 15:33.0 | Karuizawa, Japan | 24 February 1963 |
| Olympic record | Knut Johannesen (NOR) | 15:46.6 | Squaw Valley, United States | 27 February 1960 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time |
| | Jonny Nilsson | Sweden | 15:50.1 |
| | Fred Anton Maier | Norway | 16:06.0 |
| | Knut Johannesen | Norway | 16:06.3 |
| 4 | Rudi Liebrechts | Netherlands | 16:08.6 |
| 5 | Ants Antson | Soviet Union | 16:08.7 |
| 6 | Viktor Kosichkin | Soviet Union | 16:19.3 |
| 7 | Gerd Zimmermann | United Team of Germany | 16:22.5 |
| 8 | Terry Malkin | Great Britain | 16:35.2 |
| 9 | Kurt Stille | Denmark | 16:38.3 |
| 10 | Ivar Nilsson | Sweden | 16:40.3 |
| 11 | Hermann Strutz | Austria | 16:42.6 |
| 12 | Igor Ostashov | Soviet Union | 16:45.5 |
| 13 | Per Ivar Moe | Norway | 16:47.1 |
| 14 | Jouko Launonen | Finland | 16:49.8 |
| 15 | Ralf Olin | Canada | 16:53.3 |
| 16 | Kees Verkerk | Netherlands | 16:53.4 |
| 17 | Örjan Sandler | Sweden | 16:56.9 |
| 18 | Renato De Riva | Italy | 16:57.5 |
| 19 | Günter Traub | United Team of Germany | 16:58.4 |
| 20 | Juhani Järvinen | Finland | 17:05.0 |
| 21 | Jürgen Traub | United Team of Germany | 17:08.9 |
| 22 | Toyofumi Aruga | Japan | 17:09.9 |
| 23 | Kim Choon-Bong | North Korea | 17:10.8 |
| 24 | Satoshi Shinpo | Japan | 17:11.3 |
| 25 | Luvsansharavyn Tsend | Mongolia | 17:12.4 |
| 26 | Kalervo Hietala | Finland | 17:12.9 |
| 27 | André Kouprianoff | France | 17:17.4 |
| 28 | Tony Bullen | Great Britain | 17:19.8 |
| 29 | Ruedi Uster | Switzerland | 17:23.4 |
| 30 | Wayne LeBombard | United States | 17:30.6 |
| 31 | Choi Yeong-Bae | South Korea | 17:31.3 |
| 32 | Yoshihiro Kawano | Japan | 17:39.0 |
| 33 | György Ivánkai | Hungary | 17:47.3 |
# Speed skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Women's 3000 metres

The women's 3000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of women's speed skating events at the Olympics and the 3000 metres were the last contest at this Games. The competition was held on the Squaw Valley Olympic Skating Rink and for the first time at the Olympics on artificially frozen ice. It was held on Tuesday, February 23, 1960. Twenty speed skaters from ten nations competed.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Lidiya Skoblikova Soviet Union | Valentina Stenina Soviet Union | Eevi Huttunen Finland |

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1960 Winter Olympics.
| World Record | 5:13.8(*) | Rimma Zhukova | Medeo (URS) | January 23, 1953 |
| Olympic Record | | - | | |
(*) The record was set in a high altitude venue (more than 1000 metres above sea level) and on naturally frozen ice.
The development of the Olympic record was the following: Gisela Toews with 5:48.3 minutes (winning the first pair), Elsa Einarsson with 5:32.2 minutes, Tamara Rylova with 5:30.0 minutes, Helena Pilejczyk with 5:26.2 minutes, Christina Scherling with 5:25.5 minutes, Valentina Stenina with 5:16.9 minutes, and finally the new Olympic record was set by Lidiya Skoblikova with 5:14.3 minutes.

## Results

| Place | Speed skater | Time |
| 1 | Lidiya Skoblikova (URS) | 5:14.3 OR |
| 2 | Valentina Stenina (URS) | 5:16.9 |
| 3 | Eevi Huttunen (FIN) | 5:21.0 |
| 4 | Hatsue Takamizawa (JPN) | 5:21.4 |
| 5 | Christina Scherling (SWE) | 5:25.5 |
| 6 | Helena Pilejczyk (POL) | 5:26.2 |
| 7 | Elwira Seroczyńska (POL) | 5:27.3 |
| 8 | Jeanne Ashworth (USA) | 5:28.5 |
| 9 | Tamara Rylova (URS) | 5:30.0 |
| 10 | Yoshiko Takano (JPN) | 5:30.9 |
| 11 | Elsa Einarsson (SWE) | 5:32.2 |
| 12 | Iris Sihvonen (FIN) | 5:35.2 |
| 13 | Inge Görmer (EUA) | 5:37.5 |
| 14 | Doreen Ryan (CAN) | 5:39.7 |
| 15 | Françoise Lucas (FRA) | 5:42.5 |
| 16 | Margaret Robb (CAN) | 5:43.5 |
| 17 | Gisela Toews (EUA) | 5:48.3 |
| 18 | Cornelia Harrington (USA) | 5:57.5 |
| 19 | Beverly Buhr (USA) | 6:03.1 |
| 20 | Kim Gyeong-Hoe (KOR) | 6:08.2 |
# Spencer Gets It Lit

Spencer Gets It Lit is a studio album by Jon Spencer & the Hitmakers. It was released on April 1, 2022, via Bronzerat/Shove Records. Production was handled by Bill Skibbe and Jon Spencer at Key Club Recording Company in Benton Harbor, Michigan on July – August 2021.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 76/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Classic Rock | |
| Mojo | |
| Uncut | 8/10 |
| Under The Radar | |
Spencer Gets It Lit was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76, based on five reviews, which indicates "generally positive reviews".
Rob Hughes of Classic Rock claimed that the album "feels like the work of a man who's rediscovered his mojo". Andrew Perry of Mojo found the album "hugely entertaining". Erin Osmon of Uncut stated that the album "is the strongest recorded offering from the rocker since the Blues Explosion's 2012 album, Meat + Bone". Mark Deming of AllMusic wrote: "keep your expectations properly adjusted and Spencer Gets It Lit will be an effective soundtrack to all manner of wild good times".
In a mixed review, Anthony Mark Happel of Under the Radar wrote: "it's as if all of these songs are the equivalent of a nutty tossed-off filler track that might close side one of an album as a joke. None of the songs are developed beyond the point of cartoonish posturing and none have much to recommend them musically".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jon Spencer

## Personnel

* Jon Spencer – lyrics, lead vocals, guitar, producer, mixing
* Sam Coomes – vocals, synth
* M. Sord – drums
* Bob Bert – percussion
* Bill Skibbe – producer, mixing
* Brian Fox – assistant producer
* Dave Gardner – mastering
* Katie Skelly – artwork
* Michael Lavine – photography
* Bob Coscarelli – photography

## Release history

Release dates and formats for Spencer Gets It Lit :
| Region | Date | Edition(s) | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United States | March 31, 2022 | Standard | CD | In the Red Shove |
| Canada | April 1, 2022 | Standard | CD digital download streaming | Bronzerat Shove |
| Europe | April 1, 2022 | Standard | CD digital download streaming | Bronzerat Shove |
| United States | April 1, 2022 | Standard | CD digital download streaming | Bronzerat Shove |
| Europe | April 29, 2022 | Standard | LP | Bronzerat Shove |
| United States | April 29, 2022 | Standard | LP | Bronzerat Shove |
| Europe | April 29, 2022 | Limited edition | LP | Bronzerat Shove |
| United States | April 29, 2022 | Limited edition | LP | Bronzerat Shove |
| Japan | May 10, 2022 | Limited edition | CD | Sony Records Int'l In the Red Shove |
| United States | August 2022 | Standard | LP | In the Red Shove |
| Europe | 2022 | Limited edition | LP | Bronzerat Shove |
# Chromatic button accordion

A chromatic button accordion is a type of button accordion where the melody-side keyboard consists of rows of buttons arranged chromatically. The bass-side keyboard is usually the Stradella system or one of the various free-bass systems. Included among chromatic button accordions are the Russian bayan and Schrammel accordion. There can be 3 to 5 rows of vertical treble buttons. In a 5 row chromatic, two additional rows repeat the first 2 rows to facilitate options in fingering.
Comparing the layout to the piano accordion, the advantages of a chromatic button accordion are the greater range and better fingering options. On the other hand, some fingering positions require twisting of the wrist and the aspect of alternative fingering patterns may stunt one in sessions of difficult sight reading.
Throughout the former Yugoslavia a 6-row chromatic button layout is used based on the B system. It is referred to as dugmetara.

## History

Early accordions were bisonoric instruments resembling modern diatonic button accordions. The first unisonoric accordions were built in Russia in the first half of the 1840s, with chromaticism not appearing until the 1850s. There are several conflicting claims of the invention of the first chromatic button accordion. The first chromatic button accordion may have been constructed as early as 1850 by Franz Walther, in 1870 by Nikolai I. Belobodorev, or as late as 1891 by Georg Mirwald. Many early chromatic button accordions were similar in design to the schrammel accordion. As the Stradella bass system would not be invented until later, these accordions often employed systems that would be considered unusual on a modern chromatic accordion, such as bisonoric bass buttons. Early chromatic button accordions were less popular than their diatonic counterpoints and unstandardized. The modern chromatic button accordion, featuring the Stradella bass system, was patented in 1897 by Paolo Soprani, with the assistance of Mattia Beraldi and Raimondo Piatanesi. Its production and sale by Paolo Soprani helped globally spread and standardize the chromatic button accordion.
# Wilhelm Helms

Wilhelm Helms (19 December 1923 – 8 December 2019) was a German politician. He served as a member of the Bundestag from 1969 to 1972. Helms was notable for his 1972 party switch that threatened to collapse the government of Chancellor Willy Brandt.

## Early life and career

Wilhelm Helms was born on 19 December 1923 in the Bissenhausen district of Twistringen, Germany. His father, Heinrich Helms died in 1941 while his brother, Heinrich, was killed in World War II.
After high school, he was drafted into the Wehrmacht. He served in a tank crew on the Russian front and left the army in 1945. He worked his family's farm after the war.

## Political career

In 1956, he became involved in politics as a local councilor in his hometown, becoming the mayor in 1961. In 1963, he switched parties to join the Free Democratic Party and become a regional administrator. The party selected him to its list for the 1969 West German federal election and he entered the Bundestag. His Free Democrats entered into a coalition with the Social Democratic Party of Willy Brandt, giving the ruling coalition 251 votes, a majority of three votes.

## 1972 party switch

Shortly after the 1972 Baden‐Württemberg state election in which the CDU/CSU won overwhelmingly, Helms announced that he would leave the Free Democrats and apply for membership in the Christian Democratic Union. With the coalition down to 249 members, Helms’ party switch would shift the balance of power in the Bundestag. The opposition proposed a vote of no-confidence in the government to replace Brandt with Rainer Barzel. Helms suggested that he had disagreements over domestic policy and expressed reservations with the governments policy in Eastern Europe. Brandt's government negotiated treaties with the Soviet Union and Poland that would coming for a vote.
At the no-confidence vote, two CDU politicians voted to support Brandt while Helms would not reveal how he had voted. However, he later stated that he would support the vote for the treaties. Helms sat with the CDU for the remainder of his term. In the 1972 West German federal election, he was not re-elected to the Bundestag.

## Later career

In 1979, Helms won a seat in the European Parliament from the CDU. He served on the Delegation for relations with Canada, the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Transport. He left the European Parliament in 1984.

## Personal life

In 1944, he met his wife, Lya Schilmbller, who had been sent to work on the farm. The couple become engaged in 1946 and married in 1948.
In 1990, Helms took issue with Brandt's memoir, which suggested that Helms had a financial motive for switching parties. His suit was unsuccessful.
Helms died on 8 December 2019 in Vechta, Germany at the age of 95.
# Chrysophyllum colombianum

Chrysophyllum colombianum is a tree in the family Sapotaceae, native to Central and South America.

## Description

Chrysophyllum colombianum grows up to 15 metres (50 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 15 cm (6 in). Its red to brown bark is scaly. The oblanceolate leaves measure up to 25 cm (10 in) long. Fascicles feature up to 15 greenish flowers. The fruits ripen brownish-gold and measure up to 4.5 cm (2 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Chrysophyllum colombianum is native to an area from Costa Rica in the north to Brazil and Peru in the south. Its habitat is in rainforest at altitudes up to 1,200 m (4,000 ft).
# Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum

Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum is a tree in the family Sapotaceae, native to Venezuela.

## Distribution and habitat

Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum is endemic to Venezuela, where it is considered to be confined to the area of Los Teques in Miranda state. Its last-known habitat was in deciduous or cloud forests at an altitude of around 1,200 metres (4,000 ft).

## Conservation

Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum has been assessed as Critically Endangered (possibly extinct) on the IUCN Red List. The species is only known from its initial identification in 1874. Given that its habitat of that time is now in the urban area of Los Teques, it is at best threatened by urban development.
# Chrysophyllum elegans

Chrysophyllum elegans may refer to:
Eudicots, asterids, order Ericales:
* Chrysophyllum elegans Raunk. ex Warm., a synonym for Chrysophyllum flexuosum, a tree (Sapotaceae) found in Brazil
* Chrysophyllum elegans (Vink) Baehni, a synonym for Pycnandra decandra subsp. coriacea, a tree (Sapotaceae) found in New Caledonia
# Chroogomphus rutilus

Chroogomphus rutilus, commonly known as the brown slimecap or the copper spike, is a species of fungus in the Gomphidiaceae family. First described scientifically as Agaricus rutilus by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1774, it was transferred to the genus Chroogomphus in 1964 by Orson K. Miller, Jr. The fungus lives ectomycorrhizally with Pinus species, and is found in Europe and North America. The fruit bodies are edible but not highly regarded.
Gomphidius viscidus is an old synonym of this mushroom.
# Cigar tree

Cigar tree is a common name for species in the genus Catalpa that are native to North America, and may refer to:
* Catalpa bignonioides, native to the southeastern United States
* Catalpa speciosa, native to the midwestern United States
# Jordan Morris (disambiguation)

Jordan Morris (born 1994) is an American soccer player.
Jordan Morris may also refer to:
* Jordan Morris (cricketer) (born 1999), South African cricketer
* Jordan Morris (singer), contestant on UK's The X Factor series 11
* Jordan Morris, television writer, actor, author, and cohost of Jordan, Jesse, Go!, a weekly American comedy audio podcast
* Jordan Morris, poet commended in ACT Writing and Publishing Awards
# Chamjilli station

Chamjilli station is a railway station in Chamjil-li, Kangsŏ-guyŏk, Namp'o Special City, North Korea. It is the terminus of a branchline from Kangsŏn on the P'yŏngnam Line of the Korean State Railway.
At Chamjilli there are spurs serving a number of industries above ground, as well as a spur leading underground into the Namp'o Kangsŏ Missile Factory's underground facility.
# Junior Books Ltd v Veitchi Co Ltd

Junior Books Ltd v Veitchi Co Ltd [1983] 1 AC 520 was a House of Lords judgment on whether a duty of care in delict exists between a contractor or sub-contractor and an employer.
This Scottish case initially caused some excitement amongst English academic lawyers who thought it heralded the fusion of contract and tort into a single "law of obligations". Although textbooks were written with such a title, the idea did not generally catch on, and Junior Books has since become "a very distinguished case".

## Facts

Veitchi was a specialist flooring company which was nominated as a subcontractor to lay flooring at Junior Books' factory. The floor proved defective but as there was a contract only between Junior Books and the main contractor, there was no contractual relationship whereby Junior Books could sue Veitchi, the subcontractor. Accordingly, Junior Books was obliged to bring an action in delict, arguing that Veitchi owed Junior Books a non-contractual duty of care.
It was not explained why Junior Books did not sue the main contractor in contract.

## Judgment

The House of Lords ruled that there was a sufficient degree of proximity between the parties to allow Junior Books to sue in delict.
The decision was not followed by the House of Lords in D & F Estates Ltd v Church Commissioners for England [1989] AC 177, where Junior Books was described as a "unique" case which could not be regarded as laying down any principle of general application.
# Dash Benhur

Jitendra Narayan Dash (birth 3 August 1953), who writes under the pseudonym of Dash Benhur is a Sahitya Akademi award winner writer from Odisha. He was born in Khandapada in Nayagarh district, Odisha. He retired as the Principal of Samanta Chandra Sekhara College, Puri. He is a founder member of Aama Odisha.

## Works

He is the author of more than 100 books, including 15 collections of short-stories.

### Children's literature

* The Puduga king & other stories, 2013
* Unforgettable Stories, 2007
* A Basket of Stories (Stories), 2005
* The Story of Maita (Novel), 2005
* Manu and the Sparrow (Story), 2001
* Play Fun with Riddles (Riddles), 2001
* My Pet Poetry Book (Poem), 2001
* All Time Rhymes for Children, 2001
* Rhymes for Little Reema, 2001

### Short stories

* Kaanduri and Other Stories, 2015
* Gandhi Tales from Odisha, 2013
* Alms and other stories, 2008
* The Tribute and other stories, 2006
* The Drawing and other stories, 1987

### Novel

* Pagadi purusha,2 015

## Awards

* Sahitya Akademi Bal Puraskar, 2014
* Odisha Vigyan Academy Popular Science-writer award, 1999
* NCERT Prize for Children's Literature,1989
* Odisha Sahitya Academy award, 1987
# Heinrich Bauer

Heinrich Bauer may refer to:
* Heinrich Bauer (revolutionary) (1813–?), German revolutionary, shoemaker
* Heinrich Bauer (politician) (1874–1927), Estonian politician
# Frank Sharp

Frank Sharp may refer to:
* Frank Sharp (footballer, born 1899) (1899–1963), English football forward with Birmingham and Chesterfield
* Frank Sharp (footballer, born 1947), Scottish football winger with clubs including Barnsley
* Frank Sharp (land developer) (1906–1993), American land developer and businessman involved in the Sharpstown scandal
* Frank Chapman Sharp (1866–1943), American philosopher
# De mujeres

De mujeres is a Venezuelan telenovela written by Isamar Hernández and produced by Radio Caracas Television in 1990.
Mimí Lazo and Carlos Olivier starred as the protagonists.

## Plot

The three Marcano sisters have to navigate their way through life while fighting a macho world, to achieve their own goals and live more balanced, independent lives.
Antonieta is a mother of two children and the dedicated wife to Luis Fernando, a womanizer whose infidelities are discovered after 17 years of marriage. Antonieta decides to ask for a divorce, but the issue becomes complicated with the family's economic problems and other pressures.
Adela is a very strong but suspicious woman with a husband, Enrique, who hides a past that is uncovered on their wedding day.
Aurora, the youngest sister, works as a journalist but has great fear of men and intimacy. She develops a relationship with Luis Fernando's brother Fucho.
The series is notable for including, somewhat unusually for the time, a gay-themed subplot involving Enrique's brother Tulio.

## Cast

* Mimí Lazo as Antonieta Marcano
* Carlos Olivier as Luis Fernando
* Victoria Roberts as Adela Marcano
* Carlos Cámara Jr. as Enrique
* Carolina Perpetuo as Aurora Marcano
* Adolfo Cubas as Fucho
* Néstor Maldonado as Gregorio
* Petite Kutlesa as Lupita
* Carlos José Cámara as Tito
* Rosario Prieto as Leticia
* Carlos Márquez as Don Pedro
* Marcos Campos as Octavio
* Rosita Vásquez as Hortencia
* Yajaira Broccolo as Marcela
* Yajaira Broccolo as Marcela
* Félix Loreto as Carlos Alfaro
* Olga Rojas as Viuda de Marcano
* Ileana Jacket as Federica
* Franklin Virgüez as Santiago
* Karl Hoffman as Tulio
* Luis Enrique Cañas as David
* Francis Romero as Ingrid
* Inés María Calero as Dulce María
* Crisol Carabal as Socorro Montes
* Leonardo Oliva as Don Manuel Baptista
* Arístides Aguiar as Alejandro
* Zulema González as Elenita
# Lipa (name)

Lipa may refer to the following people

## Surname

* Andreas Lipa (born 1971), Austrian football manager and former footballer
* Dua Lipa (born 1995), English-Albanian singer, songwriter and model
* Elisabeta Lipă (born 1964), Romanian rower and government official
* Joe Lipa, Philippine basketball coach
* Mateusz Lipa (born 1994), Polish racing cyclist
* Peter Lipa (born 1943), Slovak singer, composer and promoter of jazz
* Shaily Lipa (born 1974), Israeli cookbook author
* Stefan Lipa (born 1953), New Zealand politician
# Frank Spicer

Frank William Spicer OBE (29 April 1893 – 1 January 1977) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Parkes to baker and miner William Page Spicer and Elizabeth McMurray. He attended school at Parkes and worked as a hairdresser and garage proprietor. From 1922 to 1962 he was an alderman at Parkes, serving as mayor from 1926 to 1928 and from 1931 to 1939. On 4 March 1919 he married Louie West, with whom he had four children. In 1925 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Labor member. He was an opponent of Jack Lang within the party and sat as Federal Labor from 1931 (as distinct from the Lang party). He did not rejoin the state Labor party after the split and sat as an independent until 1949, when he joined the Country Party. Spicer served in the council until 1973, and died at Parkes in 1977.