OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lay clerk

A lay clerk, also known as a lay vicar, song man or a vicar choral, is a professional adult singer in an Anglican cathedral and often Roman Catholic cathedral in the UK, or (occasionally) college choir in Britain and Ireland. The vicars choral were substitutes for the canons. They are not in holy orders; the term "vicar" is derived from the Latin adjective vicarius ("substituted") and in this context simply means a deputy. The majority of lay clerks are male; however, female altos are nowadays becoming increasingly common.
The title refers to the laymen who were employed to sing musical sections of church services during the Middle Ages. At the time, this was often music which was evolving into a format too complicated to be sung by many ordinary clerks and priests.
In the diocese of Hereford an endowment for six vicars choral to sing the liturgy was established in 1237, unusual for the non-monastic cathedrals where normally the canons were each responsible for providing and maintaining a vicar. The six were supposed to be two priests, two deacons, and two sub-deacons. In 1395 the vicars choral were incorporated into a college of 27 and in 1472 a new college, its handsome quadrangle still standing, was built on the site of two canons’ houses to the south east of the cathedral. This collegiate establishment at Hereford was most unusual; the only other cathedral with a similar body was St. Paul's where there was a much smaller college of minor canons. Although these vicars choral gradually also became chantry priests, the establishment at Hereford survived the Reformation.
With the post-war proliferation of Cathedral choral scholarships, however, many cathedral or collegiate choirs comprise a balance between choral scholars (or, as at New College, Oxford, and Magdalen College, Oxford, "academical clerks") – university or "gap year" students who combine their studies or other commitments with singing – and lay clerks. Choral scholars sing alongside lay clerks for usually around half the latter's salary. Many universities now offer such scholarships to fill places within college and cathedral choirs.
Undergraduates admitted to a College on the basis of their ability and potential in both singing and academic study are traditionally called "Choral Scholars". At Christ Church, Magdalen College, and New College, Oxford, they are called "Academical Clerks". "Clerks Choral", or Choral Clerks are also found in a few of the ancient Cathedrals and collegiate churches in the United Kingdom and Ireland however these singers are more usually styled "lay clerks" or occasionally "lay vicars" or "lay vicars choral".

## Historic titles

* Choral Bedesman – Boston, Lincolnshire
# Czech Republic men's national ice sledge hockey team

The Czech Republic men's national ice sledge hockey team represents the Czech Republic at the IPC World Championships and Paralympic Games.

## Competition history
### Paralympic Games

| Year | Host | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | Coach | Captain | Finish |
| 2010 | Vancouver, Canada | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 10 | Tomáš Zelenka | Pavel Kubeš | 5th |
| 2014 | Sochi, Russia | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | Jiří Bříza | Zdeněk Šafránek | 5th |
| 2018 | Pyeongchang, South Korea | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 21 | Jiří Bříza | Zdeněk Šafránek | 6th |
| 2022 | Beijing, China | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 16 | 13 | Jakub Novotný | Pavel Kubeš | 6th |

### World Championships

| Year | Host | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | Coach | Captain | Finish |
| 2008 | United States | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 5 | Tomáš Zelenka | Jiří Berger | 8th (2nd in the B tournament) |
| 2009 | Czech Republic | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | Tomáš Zelenka | Jiří Berger | 5th |
| 2012 | Norway | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 5 | Miroslav Hornich | Pavel Kubeš | 4th |
| 2013 | South Korea | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 12 | Jiří Bříza | Zdeněk Šafránek | 4th |
| 2015 | United States | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 8 | Jiří Bříza | Zdeněk Šafránek | 8th (relegated to B-Pool) |
| 2017 | Japan | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 | Jiří Bříza | Zdeněk Šafránek | 8th (1st in B-Pool) |
| 2019 | Czech Republic | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 14 | Jiří Bříza | Michal Geier | 4th |
| 2021 | Czech Republic | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 24 | Jiří Bříza | Pavel Kubeš | 5th |
| 2023 | Canada | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 16 | Jakub Novotný | Radek Zelinka | |
# Le Lindois

Le Lindois (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.
# DHR

DHR may stand for:
* Department of Health Research, to promote research activities in India. Under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
* Dlg homologous region in biochemistry
* Digital Hardcore Recordings, a record label based in London
* Danaher Corporation, an American diversified conglomerate
* Den Haan Rotterdam B.V., a Dutch manufacturer of nautical lanterns, searchlights and air horns
* Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, West Bengal, India
* Dhr.; De Heer, Dutch for mister
* Digital Human Resources, a start-up company at Saint-Petersburg
* Device History Record
# DHQD

DHQD may refer to:
* Dihydroquinidine, a chemical compound
* 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, an enzyme
# DHR2 domain

DHR2 (DOCK homology region 2), also known as CZH2 or Docker2, is a protein domain of approximately 450-550 amino acids that is present in the DOCK family of proteins. This domain functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain for small G proteins of the Rho family. DHR2 domains bear no significant similarity to the well described DH domain (Dbl homologous domain) present in other RhoGEFs such as Vav, P-Rex and TRIO. Indeed, the most divergent mammalian DHR2 domains share only 16-17% sequence similarity.
# DIPC

DIPC may refer to:
* Donostia International Physics Center, Spain
* N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, a reagent used in peptide synthesis
* Departamento de Investigaciones de la Policía (Police Investigations Department), a former Paraguayan secret police organization
* Dublin International Piano Competition, a classical music competition
# DIP2A

Disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIP2A gene.
# DIPK1C

Divergent protein kinase domain 1C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIPK1C gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the divergent protein kinase domain family (DIPK) of cysteine-rich type II transmembrane proteins. These proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum but their specific functions are unknown.
# Fernando Soler (disambiguation)

Fernando Soler (1896-1979) was a Mexican actor, director, screenwriter, and producer.
Fernando Soler may also refer to:
* Fernando Soler (tennis) (born 1961), Spanish tennis player and sports agent
* Fernando Soler (footballer) (born 1978), Argentine footballer
# DMAN

DMAN, also known as Departure Manager is a planning tool developed to improve the departure flows at airports and increase the predictability. DMAN calculates the Target Take Off Times (TTOT) and the Target Startup Approval Times (TSAT) taking multiple constraints and preferences into account. As a result, the DMAN provides a planned departure flow with the goal to maintain an optimal throughput at the runway, reduce queuing at holding point and distribute the information to various stakeholders at the airport (i.e. the airline, ground handling and Air Traffic Control (ATC)). EUROCONTROL have defined DMAN as follows:
"DMAN is a planning system to improve departure flows at airports by calculating the Target Take Off Time (TTOT) and Target Start-up Approval Time (TSAT) for each flight, taking multiple constraints and preferences into account."

## Benefits

The DMAN has several benefits which may vary depending on the local conditions at an airport. Generally the main benefits are:

### Environmental

Reduced emissions since the Target Startup Approval Times (TSAT) from a DMAN calculation results in reduced queuing at the holding point at the runway. Aircraft can therefore reduce their overall taxi time from their gate/stand to their actual take off from the runway and minimise their fuel emissions.

### Predictability

DMAN adds predictability to the departure flow resulting in optimised resource management for ground handling, airline operators etc. The DMAN builds upon the EUROCONTROL A-CDM process and is an enabler for improving the quality of the information shared by the stakeholders at the airport. By creating a stable departure sequence the different operators can plan their work more efficiently.

### Reactivity

DMAN enables an improved reactivity of unforeseen events and can therefore reduce the negative impact of such an event (e.g. instantaneous runway closure due to suspected debris, weather changes etc.). By constantly monitoring and distributing information the DMAN can support the ATC in an airport to make a new plan based on the current situation and quickly distribute the information to the different operators and stakeholders at the airport.

### Safety

During peak hour operations the DMAN have shown a positive impact on ATC workload since the DMAN holds aircraft at gate and as a result reduces the amount of traffic taxiing simultaneously.
# DVB Bank

DVB Bank SE is part of the DZ BANK Group and a specialist in international transportation finance, based in Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
The Bank was listed on the Frankfurt Exchange and today is wholly-owned by DZ BANK. About 330 employees work at the offices in Frankfurt/Main, Amsterdam, London, Curaçao, Singapore and Tokyo.

## History

The institute was founded on 18 May 1923 as Deutsche Verkehrs-Kredit-Bank AG (German traffic credit-Bank AG; DVKB) by several banks and industrial companies, initially to freight deferrals for the German Reichsbahn.
After World War II, DVKB, specialized in cargo deferral, which was fixed by law. 1949 after the unification of the two main locations in Frankfurt and Hamburg, the head office in Frankfurt was established. It also operated numerous branches in other German cities.
In 1988, the DVKB was placed on the stock exchange, the German Federal Railways held 75.1 percent stake. In 1991, it was named Deutsche Verkehrs-Bank AG (German traffic Bank AG), in 1997 named Deutsche VerkehrsBank AG (German Transport AG) and 2002 changed its name again to DVB Bank AG. Since 1 October 2008, it has been trading as DVB Bank SE.
As a consequence of the financial crisis, DVB suffered from exposure to a prolonged slump in the global container shipping industry. DZ Bank entered talks to sell DVB to Japan's Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group in 2015, but no deal materialized at the time.
In 2017, DZ Bank bought out minority shareholders in DVB, facilitating a sale of the business. The following year, it put individual tranches of DVB up for sale after failing to find a buyer for the business as a whole, partly due to low offers and its pressured shipping business. By early 2019, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group agreed to buy the entire DVB aviation financing portfolio, which stood at 5.6 billion euros ($6.37 billion) at the time.

## Shareholders

As part of a squeeze-out under stock corporation law, the shares of all DVB minority shareholders were transferred to DZ Bank in August 2017. Subsequently, trading in DVB Bank SE shares on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange was discontinued.

## Financials

Consolidated net income before taxes amounted to EUR-294.8 million in 2020. Total assets totaled EUR10.2 billion and DVB's nominal volume of customer lending was EUR3.9 billion.
# Fernando del Portillo y Torres

Fernando del Portillo y Torres was a Roman Catholic archbishop in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
He was the archbishop of Archdiocese of Santo Domingo from 1788 to 1798 and archbishop of "Santafé en Nueva Granada" (now known as the Archdiocese of Bogotá) from 1798 to 1804.
From a wealthy family, he entered the Dominican Order in 1743 at Málaga, Spain, teaching philosophy during 1751–1756, theology, 1756–1758, and Holy Scriptures, 1758–1761. He moved to Cádiz, the seafaring gate of trade to the American Spanish Empire and earned a doctorate of divinity in nearby Jerez de la Frontera in 1767 He became a prior to sieges of the Dominican Order in Málaga, Almería, Cabra, Ciudad Real and Doña Mencía, training teachers of Christianity, dictionary editors and administrative tutors in aboriginal American Indian languages, North and South America, after the middle of the 16th Century.
In 1788 Charles III of Spain proposed to Pope Pope Pius VI that Portillo be chosen as Archbishop of Santo Domingo, the primate siege of America, created in 1546.
Difficulties on the Island of Hispaniola around 1798 led him to move the supposed remains of seafarer and discoverer Christopher Columbus to La Habana, Cuba, being kept at the Convent of San Juan de Letrán. Portillo was proposed by the Spanish Crown to the Roman Pope in 1798 as a Bishop of Trujillo, Peru, but instead Portillo became Archbishop of Bogotá, a much higher position. Del Portillo y Torres died in 1804, aged around 75.
# Issers (disambiguation)

Issers is a town and commune in Algeria.
It may also refer to:
* Issers District, a district in Algeria.
* Issers River, a river in Algeria.
* First Battle of the Issers (1837), a battle during the French conquest of Algeria.
* Issers bombing (2008), a terrorist attack in Algeria.
# Isserpent

Isserpent (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

## Population

Its inhabitants are called Isserpentois.
# Ferdjioua

Ferdjioua is a city in Algeria, formerly called Fedj M'zala, town and commune in Mila Province. At the 2008 census it had a population of 61,894.
# Ferdjioua District

Ferdjioua District is a district of Mila Province, Algeria.
The district is further divided into 2 municipalities:
* Ferdjioua
* Yahia Beniguecha
* This article about a location in Mila Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Fichtenberg

Fichtenberg may refer to the following places in Germany:
* Fichtenberg (Württemberg), in the Schwäbisch Hall district
* A part of Mühlberg (Elbe) in the Elbe-Elster district
* Fichtenberg (Berlin), a part of the Steglitz district in Berlin
# Fichtenholz

Fichtenholz is a German-language Jewish surname literally meaning "Spruce wood". Notable people with this surname include:
* Grigoriy Mikhailovich Fichtenholz (1888, Odessa–1959), Ukrainian-born Soviet mathematician
* Mikhail Izrailevich Fichtenholz (1920, Odessa–1985), Ukrainian-born Soviet violinist
# Le Petit Chose

Le Petit Chose (1868), translated into English as Little Good-For-Nothing (1878, Mary Neal Sherwood) and Little What's-His-Name (1898, Jane Minot Sedgwick), is an autobiographical memoir by French author Alphonse Daudet.

## Contents

Taking its title from the author's nickname, it recounts Daudet's early years from childhood, through boarding school and finally to Paris and his first successes as an author. It was Daudet's first published work, though not first written. It is semi-autobiographical.

## Influence

Canadian author Yann Martel (Life of Pi), in talking about his most memorable childhood book, recalled Le Petit Chose, saying that he read it when he was ten years old, and that it was the first time he found a book so heartbreaking that it moved him to tears.

## Film

In 1938, the book was made into the movie Le Petit Chose by French director Maurice Cloche. It starred Arletty, Marianne Oswald, and Marcelle Barry in the leading roles and featured then 14-year-old classical guitarist Ida Presti in a supporting role as a guitar player.
# Laura Secord Legacy Trail

Laura Secord Legacy Trail is a 32-kilometer (20 mile) trail as a monument to Laura Secord's journey and legacy. It includes the Laura Secord Commemorative Walk that was established in 2013. Secord embarked on a journey in June 1813 during the War of 1812 from the Secord Homestead in Queenston, Niagara-on-the-Lake to deliver a message on 22 June 1813 to Lt. James FitzGibbon at the DeCew House in Thorold, Ontario.

## Secord's journey

During the War of 1812, Laura Secord's husband was wounded, yet she left him and their six children to travel to Thorold to spread the word of an impending attack by Americans. She took the journey on 22 June 1813 through the "war-ravaged countryside" to notify Lieutenant James Fitzgibbon of approaching troops from the United States. As a result, British troops and the Kahnawake Mohawk were able to resist the invasion and defeat the Americans during the Battle of Beaver Dams (24 June 1813).

## Trail

The trail, located along the CanadaWide Great Trail, can be hiked in five stages along modern sidewalks, footpaths, bridges, and ancient forested trails of Indigenous peoples. A 20–metre pedestrian bridge was built at Twelve Mile Creek and completed by June 22, 2013, the 200-year anniversary of Secord's journey.
Interpretive signs are placed along the trail, which is divided into five stages:
* Laura Secord Homestead to Firemen's Park
* Firemen's Park to Niagara College
* Niagara College to the Rodman Hall Art Centre on St. Paul Crescent in St. Catharines
* Rodman Hall to Rotary Park
* Rotary Park to DeCew House
Caroline McCormick, the three times great granddaughter of Secord, initiated and has been involved in the trail and walk, as well as the Friends of Laura Secord group. She began her efforts in 2010 when she realized that there were no plans to honor Secord in the upcoming bicentennial commemorations of the War of 1812. The trail was reconstructed based upon input from Alun Hughes, a cartographer and historian at Brock University. Students from the geospatial information systems (GIS) program at Niagara College helped map the trails based upon information of Secord's journey supplied by Hughes. A walk is held every June.
The trail overlaps with the Bruce Trail in the eastern part of the trail.

## Mural on Welland Canal Trail

Murals along the Welland Canal Trail in Thorold recognize the contributions of Canadians, like Laura Secord. It was created in 2005 by artist Shawn Reimer and volunteers from the community and it is the largest string of murals in the country, totally over 1800 square metres. The mural of Secord depicts her crossing the Twenty Mile Creek, meeting with Native Americans, and informing FitzGibbon of the news. The Welland Trail, a 45 kilometre trail from St Catharines to Port Colborne on Lake Erie, parallels the Welland Canal.
# DYDH-AM

DYDH (1485 AM) is a relay station of DZRH, owned and operated by MBC Media Group through its licensee Pacific Broadcasting System. The station's transmitter is located at Nabitasan, Lapaz, Iloilo City, sharing tower site with DYOK Aksyon Radyo.
# Figgins

Figgins is a surname. Notable people and characters with the surname include:
* Vincent Figgins (1766–1844), English typeface designer
* James Figgins (1811–1884), his son, typefounder and member of Parliament
* Jim Figgins (1893–1956), Scottish trade unionist
* Chone Figgins (born 1978), American baseball player
* Morgan Figgins (born 1992), American figure skater
* Principal Figgins, character in the American television programme Glee
# Leabhar Donn

Leabhar Donn is a 15th-century genealogical manuscript, seemingly written and compiled on the border of counties Sligo and Leitrim. It was written in two periods: 1432–1441 and 1476–1482.
David Sellar, who was the Lord Lyon King of Arms in Scotland, concluded that it dates from the mid 15th century.

## Sources

* ↑ Sellar, W.D.H. (October 1966). "The Origins and Ancestry of Somerled". The Scottish Historical Review. 45 (140): 125. JSTOR 25528658.
* The Celebrated Antiquary, p. 156, Nollaig Ó Muraíle, Maynooth, 1996.
# It's Hard (The Bad Plus album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| PopMatters | 6/10 |
It's Hard is a 2016 studio album by American jazz trio The Bad Plus released by Okeh Records label. It is the group's twelfth studio album, and contains only covers. Allmusic selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016.

## Reception

In his review for PopMatters John Garratt stated, "Though they remain a vital game piece in the modern jazz chessboard, an album like It's Hard won't help them zoom to the other side." Steve Greenlee of JazzTimes wrote "After a few albums of original music and a reworking of Stravinsky’s “The Rite of Spring,” the Bad Plus returns to its roots on It’s Hard. The trio, which mainstreamed the practice of turning modern pop songs into modern jazz, covers a wide swath of stylistic terrain on these 11 tracks..." Richard Gehr of Relix added "After four albums of original music, the Plus returns to Plan A with It’s Hard, an album of sensationally reimagined material like Cyndi Lauper’s “Time After Time,” Kraftwerk’s “The Robots” and Peter Gabriel’s “Games Without Frontiers.” Rather than merely soloing over changes, the trio refracts the originals through their own colorful, sonic kaleidoscope." Bobby Reed of DownBeat added, "This all-acoustic, all-covers program finds the trio (pianist Ethan Iverson, bassist Reid Anderson and drummer Dave King) playing to its strengths as perpetually intellectual yet mischievous musicians." Patrick Jarenwattananon of NPR wrote, "After more than a dozen years spent touring the world, The Bad Plus' covers gambit seems much less like thirst for provocation than hunger for adventure."

## Personnel

* Reid Anderson – bass
* Ethan Iverson – piano
* David King – drums
# Daer Reservoir

Daer Reservoir is a man-made waterbody created by the damming of the Daer Water, a tributary of the River Clyde in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. It lies within the Lowther Hills in South Lanarkshire. It is accessible by a minor public road leaving the A702 follows the Daer Water south to the dam and then continues along the western margin of the reservoir as far as Kirkhope. The reservoir was officially opened by Elizabeth II in 1956 to supply water to the Scottish Central Belt.

## Recreation

Season tickets for fishing in the reservoir for brown trout are available from Kilbryde Angling Club. The Southern Upland Way passes just to the north of the dam and affords views over the reservoir for the walker.
# Fernando Arretxe

Fernando Arretxe Caminondo, also known as Arretxe I (born in Valcarlos, Navarre, Spain on August 19, 1961) is an ex-player of Basque pelota. He played as back-player.
He started his professional career as a pelotari in 1981, at Pamplona. He has won several trophies and has been in several pelota companies such as Eskulari, Reur, Asegarce and Frontis, where he is now.
He has a son, Iker Arretxe (Arretxe II), who debuted in 2005.

## Manomanista de Primera

| Year | Champion | Subchampion | Scoreboard | Fronton |
| 1994 | Arretxe | Errandonea | 22-12 | Ogueta |
| 1996 | Eugi | Arretxe | 22-19 | Atano III |
| 1997 | Arretxe | Elkoro | 22-18 | Atano III |
| 1999 | Beloki | Arretxe | 22-9 | Atano III |

## Mano Parejas

| Year | Champion | Subchampion | Scoreboard | Fronton |
| 1988–89 | Ladutxe - Tolosa | Retegi II - Arretxe | 22-18 | Anoeta |
| 1990–91 | Retegi II - Arretxe | Salaberria - Galarza III | 22-19 | Anoeta |
| 1991–92 | Vergara II - Arretxe | Unanue - Zezeaga | 22-18 | Ogueta |
| 1992–93 | Alustiza - Maiz II | Titín III - Arretxe | 22-20 | Ogueta |
| 1993–94 | Titin III - Arretxe | Retegi II - Beloki | 22-14 | Ogueta |
| 1995–96 | Capellán - Beloki | Etxaniz - Arretxe | 22-18 | Atano III |

## Cuatro y Medio

| Year | Champion | Subchampion | Scoreboard | Fronton |
| 1996 | Arretxe | Nagore | 22-08 | Ogueta |
# Dagger Beach

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Consequence of Sound | |
| Pitchfork | |
Dagger Beach is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter John Vanderslice. It was self-released on June 11, 2013, financed by a Kickstarter campaign.

## Track listing

All songs written and composed by John Vanderslice except "Song For the Landlords of Tiny Telephone" written by Shawn Alpay and "interlude 2" by Rob Shelton.
* "Raw Wood" (3:18)
* "Harlequin Press" (3:27)
* "Song For Dana Lok" (2:21)
* "How The West Was Won" (3:48)
* "Interlude #1" (2:12)
* "Song For David Berman" (4:54)
* "Damage Control" (4:22)
* "Song For The Landlords Of Tiny Telephone" (1:32)
* "Gaslight" (2:45)
* "Sleep It Off" (2:43)
* "Sonogram" (2:25)
* "North Coast Rep" (4:05)
* "Interlude #2" (:47)