OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Logographic cues

Logographic cues are visual images embedded with specific, widely understood meaning; they are pictures that represent certain words or concepts. These pictures are "designed to offer readers a high-utility message in a minimum amount of space." Some languages, for example, many East Asian languages, such as Chinese varieties (e.g. Mandarin, Cantonese, Min, and Wu), and partially Korean and Japanese, are written in logographic scripts; single glyphs represent whole morphemes.
Examples of logographic cues include traffic signs, restroom signs, and pictorial flashcards. Unsurprisingly, logographic cues tend to be processed in the right brain hemisphere, the side more actively engaged with visuospatial input. Due to advances in technology and the media where logographic cues such as brand logos abound, the ability and tendency to draw meaning from pictures has become more widespread and intuitive.

## Utility to education

Logographic cues have also become increasingly useful in the domain of education, specifically in the development of reading skills. Many sources of educational advice suggest the use of logographic cues to tap into visual learning and intelligence, which usually takes a subordinate role to verbal education in schools; such sources include literacy expert Kylene Beers and a nationwide reading program, All America Reads.
Specific activities that utilize logographic cues include students making symbols within the margins of print text, worksheets that provide a pictorial summary of the information given, and picture flash cards that foster vocabulary development. Teaching methods employing logographic cues can help to encourage and increase word recognition, text reformulation and information organization. The method also helps to tap into the sensory stimulation that encodes information into long-term memory.

### Criticisms

The use of this method has also received some criticism. In reference to the use of logographic cues to develop word recognition the International Journal of Disability, Development and Education writes that "the results of controlled studies show it to be ineffective and potentially detrimental to student learning." The particular study documented in this journal suggested similar but modified alternatives such as Integrated Picture Cueing or the Handle Technique. The Integrated Picture Cueing (IPC) technique makes pictures out of the desired words, themselves, rather than symbolic pictorial depictions. The Handle Technique depicts the word with an extra serif (handle) that helps students encode the word and its meaning. Despite these findings and alternatives, logographic cues are widely used and encouraged in education.
# Große Sülze

Große Sülze is a river of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It flows into the Schrote near Barleben. In English, Große Sülze means 'Big Brawn'. The following trees have been planted along its banks: Field Maple, Sycamore, Hornbeam, Ash and Linden.
# Kagawa Prefectural College of Health Sciences

Kagawa Prefectural College of Health Sciences (香川県立保健医療大学, Kagawa kenritsu hoken iryō daigaku) is a public university in Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1999, and it was chartered as a university in 2004.
# Eldora Township, Surry County, North Carolina

Eldora Township is one of fifteen townships in Surry County, North Carolina, United States. The township had a population of 3,659 according to the 2020 census.
Geographically, Eldora Township occupies 30.5 square miles (79 km$^2$) in central Surry County. Eldora Township is separated from Long Hill Township on the east by the Ararat River. There are no incorporated municipalities within Eldora Township; however, there are several smaller, unincorporated communities located here, including Ash Hill, Blackwater and Pine Hill.
36°23′26″N 80°36′38″W﻿ / ﻿36.3905763°N 80.610489°W﻿ / 36.3905763; -80.610489
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# Eldorado, Iowa

Eldorado is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, Iowa, United States. It is located at the junction of Iowa State Highway 150 and Major Road, six miles northeast of West Union.

## History

Eldorado is the eastern part of Auburn Township. Eldorado's population was 179 in 1902, and 165 in 1925. The population was 103 in 1940.
# Eldoradina

Eldoradina is a Neotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae found in mountainous regions in Peru. It contains two species:
* Eldoradina cyanea Balletto, 1993
* Eldoradina sylphis (Draudt, 1921)
# Kaattile Thadi Thevarude Ana

Kaatttile Thadi Thevarude Ana is a 1995 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by K. K. Haridas, starring Jagathy Sreekumar and Siddique in the lead roles. Basic premise is loosely based on the 1993 American political comedy film Dave.

## Plot

Venugopal is a sincere home minister who has a sister, Sindhu. Sindhu is in love with Devan. An incident happens that questions the minister integrity. In a newspaper, a legislator announces that he will show all the ganja dealers in a forest if both of them go together. The minister accepts the challenge and goes with the MLA. In the forest, the MLA and minister's Personal Assistant, Alex set a trap, the minister gets shot and falls down in the forest and now a duplicate of the home minister, who was a usual local nuisance (Manikantan), is now set as home minister. Manikantan now has to obey the PA and act according to the PA's wishes. Meanwhile, the original home minister is now recovering from the injuries he sustained in the forest and tells the tribal folk that he himself is the home minister. Finally, the friends of the fake minister also find Venugopal. They admit him to a nearby mental asylum. The fake minister overhears a terrorist speak with the PA to kill Manikantan later after ISRO data gets leaked, and they get the money from ea foreign power. Devan, who was in prison (framed by Alex), enters the scene. Devan goes along with the fake home minister to the asylum and frees the original minister. At the end, the villains arrive and fight. Eventually, the police arrive and Venugopal orders the police to arrest the PA and all the villains.

## Cast

* Jagathy Sreekumar as Home Minister Venugopal & Manikantan (double role)
* Siddique as Devan
* Maathu as Sindhu
* Ilavarasi as Ammini
* M. G. Soman as Chief Minister
* Kalpana as Kanakam
* Appa Haja as Nandakumar
* Adoor Bhavani as Manikantan's grandmother
* Janardhanan as Alex
* Kuthiravattom Pappu as Veerappan
* Cochin Haneefa as Nagayya
* Silk Smitha as Herself
* V. K. Sreeraman as Vaidyar
* T. P. Madhavan as Madhavan
* Valsala Menon as Venugopal's mother
* K. R. Vatsala as Servent
* Poojappura Ravi as Policeman
# Kagul Obelisk

The Kagul Obelisk in Tsarskoye Selo is one of several such structures erected on behest of Catherine II of Russia in 1772 to commemorate Pyotr Rumyantsev's victory in the Battle of Kagul. Designed by Antonio Rinaldi, the dark grey-and-red marble obelisk stands in the landscape park of the Catherine Palace.
The inscription on the pedestal reads: "In memory of the victory at the Kagul River in Moldavia, July 21, 1770, under the command of Count Peter Rumyantsev the Russian army of seventeen thousand caused the Turkish Vizier Galil-Bey and his army of one hundred thousand and a half to flee to the Danube".
# Gromača

Gromača is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 169.
# London Lakes, Tasmania

London Lakes is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Central Highlands in the Central LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 76 kilometres (47 mi) north-west of the town of Hamilton. The 2016 census recorded a population of nil for the state suburb of London Lakes.

## History

London Lakes is a confirmed locality.

## Geography

The Serpentine River (not the one in south-west Tasmania) forms part of the western boundary. The locality contains Lake Big Jim, Lake Samuel, Highland Waters and almost all of Lake Echo.

## Road infrastructure

Route C173 (Victoria Valley Road) runs through from south-west to south.
# London Ladies' Motor Club

The London Ladies' Motor Club (sometimes referred to as the London Ladies Motor Cycle Club) was a motorcycle club for women based in London, England, founded in 1926 (or 1927), and affiliated with the Auto-Cycle Union.
The club was founded by well-known racer and stunt rider Jessie Hole (later Jessie Ennis). The club president was Kathleen Pelham Burn (Countess of Drogheda), and Betty Debenham acted as the press secretary. Other notable members included Nancy Debenham, Marjorie Cottle, Mrs Victor Bruce and Violette Cordery.
In 1927, the club's team was victorious at the Archery Sports motorcycle trial, beating several teams of men. In 1928, another team of club members won the first motorcycle race organised exclusively for women, held at the Brooklands track and organised by the Essex Motor Club. The club went on to organize their own events, including trials and races, for both men and women. In 1931 they planned a forty-mile race in Surrey and Kent in which men competed and the club members officiated. In 1935 they announced the first women-only team trials event. The club also organised recreational events for its members.
Starting in 1930, the club published a magazine for its members.
# HMS Galatea

HMS Galatea, after the Galatea of mythology, has been the name of eight ships in the British Royal Navy.
* HMS Galatea (1776) was a 20-gun sixth-rate post-ship launched in 1776 and broken up in 1783.
* HMS Galatea (1794) was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1794 and broken up 1809.
* HMS Galatea (1810) was a 36-gun fifth rate launched in 1810, a coal hulk after 1836, and broken up 1849.
* HMS Galatea (1859) was a wooden screw frigate launched in 1859 and broken up 1883. In 1866 she went on a world cruise, under the command of the Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.
* HMS Galatea (1887) was an Orlando-class first-class cruiser built in Glasgow, and launched on 10 March 1887 and sold for scrapping on 5 April 1905.
* HMS Galatea (1914) was an Arethusa-class light cruiser launched on 14 May 1914 at William Beardmore and Company shipyard and sold 1921.
* HMS Galatea (71) was a light cruiser of (another) Arethusa class, launched on 9 August 1934 at Scotts shipyard in Greenock, Scotland, torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean on 14 December 1941 with the loss of most of her crew.
* HMS Galatea (1946) was a RNVR stone frigate in Kingston upon Hull decommissioned in 1958.
* HMS Galatea (F18) was a Leander-class frigate built in 1963 and expended as a target in 1988.
# Crab (scratch)

A crab is a type of scratch used by turntablists, combining hand movements on a turntable with rapid manipulation of the crossfader. This technique enables the creation of multiple, rapid sound variations, producing a unique stutter sound that blends audio and silence, giving it an almost robotic quality.

## Origin

The crab scratch was invented by DJ Qbert in Japan, later refined in San Francisco and showcased during the "Famous Warehouse Session" at the DMC USA finals in 1995. This session featured influential DJs including The Beat Junkies, The X-ecutioners, and ISP.
The name "crab" originated from a humorous mispronunciation of "crepes" during Qbert's visit to Beirut, which he and Mixmaster Mike found amusing and adopted for the scratch.

## Technique

To perform a crab scratch, the DJ taps the fader with three or four fingers in sequence, from pinkie to index, while the thumb provides resistance, pushing the fader back to its starting position after each tap. This creates a rapid series of sounds. The technique is adaptable, with some DJs preferring to use two or three fingers for greater control and less strain.
Practicing the crab scratch involves precise timing and control, typically visualized as 16th notes to aid rhythm and coordination. This scratch is known for its complexity and requires significant practice to master, especially to produce clean, distinct sounds.
# Johann Langewand

Johann Franz Langewand (born 3 March 1871 in Osnabrück, died 19 March 1952 ibid.) was a German Catholic politician in the Weimar Republic, member of the Centre Party, and a member of the Prussian state parliament.

## Private life

Son of a worker, Langewand became a locksmith and set up his own company in 1898 together with a partner. From that time, "Hagedorn & Langewand Construction Tools Co." ("Baugerätefabrik Hagedorn & Langewand" ) specialized in the production of heating system and wheelbarrows. Langewand was a longstanding member of the local locksmiths' guild and from 1903 to 1935 member of the board of the chamber of handicrafts. In World War I, he served in the German armed forces as a vice sergeant. He married Maria, née Weber, in 1899, together they had two sons, Heinrich (1901-1966) and Franz Langewand jun. (1912-1984).

## Political career until 1933

Langewand's political career in the Weimar republic began in 1919, when he became vice secretary of the Catholic Centre Party in the district of Osnabrück. In the same year, he was elected into the Prussian Constitutional Assembly. Only one year later, he made way for the more influential trade union secretary Josef Hagemann. Langewand was re-elected into the Prussian parliament (Landtag) twice, in 1932 and 1933. After Adolf Hitler's seizure of power in 1933, which Langewand strongly opposed (he was shouted down by an infuriated pro-Nazi crowd on several occasions), he withdrew from politics.

## Political activity after 1945

Due to his age and the loss of his house during the Allied bombing of Osnabrück in March 1945, Langewand did not return into active politics after 1945. Nevertheless, he supported the foundation of the CDU as an inter-denominational party.

## Sources

* Handwritten memoirs, Langewand family, Nordhorn/Germany

## Literature

* Handbuch für den Preußischen Landtag. Ausgabe für die 4. Wahlperiode (von 1932 ab). Hrsg. von E. Kienast, Berlin 1932, S. 459.
* Handbuch für den Preußischen Landtag. Ausgabe für die 5. Wahlperiode (von 1933 ab). Hrsg. von E. Kienast, Berlin 1933, S. 354.
* Herbert Hömig: Das preußische Zentrum in der Weimarer Republik, Mainz 1979, S. 264 u. 301.
# Eestairs

EeStairs is a designer and manufacturer of staircases and balustrades and inventor of the patented 1m2 staircase. EeStairs has offices in the UK, Europe and the USA. Its headquarters are located in the Netherlands.

## History

Founded in 2000 as a construction company, EeStairs was originally named Cluistra RVS. In the subsequent years, the company specialized in staircase design and manufacturing and was renamed EeStairs. The founders of EeStairs are Dick Cluistra and Cornelis van Vlastuin

## 1m2 staircase

One of the products of EeStairs is the 1m2 staircase. It is a small staircase using only 1m2. EeStairs patented the 1m2 staircase in 2007.

## Design competition

Since 2000, EeStairs organized a 'Staircase of the year' competition in The Netherlands. In 2014, EeStairs organized the first international design competition. The winners were architecture students from Russia and the Czech Republic.
# Lampropeltis webbi

Lampropeltis webbi is a species of king snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Mexico. Currently, there are only five known specimens, with one being a live snake.

## Etymology

The specific name, webbi, is in honor of American herpetologist Robert G. Webb.

## Description

Due to the few number of specimens, there is limited knowledge of the range of L. webbi appearances. Known specimens have a pattern of grey with broad red saddles bordered by black striping. The largest specimen has a length of 75 cm, with specimens having a ventral scale count ranging 216–221 ventral scales. The head is slightly distinct from the neck, with brown eyes slightly protruding from the head.

## Habitat and geographic range

Lampropeltis webbi has been found in rugged montane pine–oak forest in the Sierra Madre Occidental, near the border between the Mexican states of Durango and Sinaloa. It has been found only on a small stretch of a single highway in this region, with most of the specimens being found dead on the road.

## Reproduction

L. webbi is oviparous.
# Dermot Keogh

Dermot Keogh (12 May 1945 – 6 September 2023) was an Irish historian. He was Professor of History and Emeritus Jean Monnet Professor of European Integration Studies at University College Cork. Keogh died on 6 September 2023, at the age of 78.
# Daniel Larsen Schevig

Daniel Larsen Schevig (1786 – 6 October 1833) was a Norwegian military officer and constitutional founding father.
He was born at the farm Gladsjø in Beitstad, and spent his career as a farmer on Skjevik farm. He was a sergeant in the Norwegian Army, and received the Dannebrogordenens Hæderstegn in 1808 for his war efforts at Duved skanse. He was also a member of the Norwegian Constituent Assembly, representing 1. Trondhjemske Infanteriregiment. Halvdan Koht notes that Schevig "probably" favored Norwegian independence over a union with another country. Schevig was married from November 1811, and died on his farm in October 1833.
# Pirateer

Pirateer is a spatial board game for two to four players created by Scott Peterson in 1978. The game was originally named Privateer, before being published by the Mendocino Game Company in 1995. The name of the game is apparently a combination of privateer and pirate.

## Gameplay

The objective of the game is for a player to either: return the centrally located treasure to their home port, or to capture all of their opponents' three ships, using movement restricted by dice rolls (two six-sided dice), obstacles, trade winds, and currents.
The theme of the game is for each player to assume the role of a different band of three ships, with their own port and flag.

## Mendocino Game Company and lawsuit

The aptly named Mendocino Game Company, based in Mendocino County, California, began publishing Pirateer in 1995.
In 2002, the Mendocino Game Company ceased producing Pirateer. The designer of the game, Scott Peterson, unsuccessfully sued board members for misappropriating trade secrets, breaching their fiduciary duty and conspiring to seize control of the company. The board members counter-sued and, in 2009, a Mendocino County jury ordered Scott Peterson to pay $791,000 to investors and members of the company’s board of directors in restitution and punitive damages for defamation.

## Critical reception

Forrest Johnson reviewed the original 1978 version of Privateer in The Space Gamer magazine, no. 39. He commented on the game by saying, "Simple, but not dull, Privateer takes almost no thought at all. A good game to bring out after the bottle has gone around a couple of times."
In 1996, Pirateer was one of just five board games to win the Mensa Select award. It was also named "Game of the Year" by John Kovalic of the Wisconsin State Journal, while film critic Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle called it "addictive" and Phil Bettel of the Chicago Tribune gave high marks to the instructions.

## Reviews

* 1985 Games 100
# Javelin dinghy (Europe)

The Javelin class is a 17.7-foot dinghy designed by Peter Milne in 1968. It is designed with plenty of sail area and a single trapeze. The boat is raced in the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands.
In handicap racing the Javelin sails off a Portsmouth Yardstick of 926.
# Jazz on the Line

Jazz on the Line is a San Francisco Bay Area jazz sextet formed in the early 1980s by Rent Romus . At its initial inception, it primarily featured the compositions of its co-founders and included notable musicians such as saxophonist/composer Michael Sidney Timpson, saxophonist Dan Magay and drummer Steve Rossi.
In the mid-eighties, Romus, moving to Santa Cruz, took over as primary leader and composer for the ensemble, and gave it greater professional exposure.
The group, under the helm of Romus, continued to perform live throughout the nineties, releasing its first CD "No Boundaries" in 1991. Its most recent CD from 2008, "Thundershine" features notable saxophonist Chico Freeman. Other recordings by the group include the CDs entitled "Strap" also titled Filmtrax-ROBOT (Rats and Other Memos) and "Dark Wind".
Romus also founded the quartet the Lords of Outland, who released the album You'll Never Be the Same, which was recorded live in a San Francisco club in 1995.
# Dereköy, Karacasu

Dereköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karacasu, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 226 (2022).
# Dereköy, Karamanlı

Dereköy is a village in the Karamanlı District of Burdur Province in Turkey. Its population is 175 (2021).
# Frieda River Project

The Frieda River Project is a large open cast mine and associated infrastructure in the Sandaun and East Sepik Provinces of Papua New Guinea. The mine is located along a tributary of the Sepik River. The deposit is a large copper-gold porphyry deposit. The project includes a hydroelectric scheme to provide electricity. and service by the Frieda River Airport. In 2010, the mine had estimated reserves of 14.3 million oz of gold.

## Ownership

The project was originally majority owned by Xstrata. It is now owned 80% by Chinese state-owned PanAust Ltd after it was bought from Glencore/Xstrata in 2013, and 20% by Australian Stock Exchange-listed Highlands Pacific.
PanAust is "an Australian incorporated company" owned by Guangdong Rising H.K. Limited, "a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Rising Assets Management Co. Ltd" which is a "a Chinese state-owned company" in Guangdong Province, China.
Feasibility studies were underway in 2010 and completed on 19 May 2016, and were reportedly on track at that time for submission to the Government of Papua New Guinea.

## Environmental impact

The planned mine would cover 16,000 hectares of land that is currently forest, comprising an open pit mine, a tailings dam, a hydroelectric dam and other infrastructure including roads and an airport.
There is enormous concern in Papua New Guinea and elsewhere about the potential for environmental damage to the Sepik River from the mine.
The mine is located in a seismically active area, and the tailings dam for the mine would eventually hold 1.5 billion tonnes of mine waste.
The environmental impact statement for the mine notes that "the extreme consequences of complete failure [of the tailings dam] leading to the uncontrolled release of large quantities of water and solids (from waste rock and tailings placement) would likely result in extreme downstream environmental and social impacts.”
# List of Azerbaijani wrestlers

This is a complete list of Azerbaijani wrestlers.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

* Arif Abdullayev
* Namig Abdullayev
* Sona Ahmadli
* Emin Ahmadov
* Ashraf Aliyev
* Hasan Aliyev
* Azad Asgarov
* Toghrul Asgarov
* Emin Azizov

## B

* Patimat Bagomedova
* Rovshan Bayramov

## C

* Chamsulvara Chamsulvarayev

## D

* Islam Dugushiev

## G

* Khetag Gazyumov
* Zafar Guliyev

## H

* Jabrayil Hasanov
* Masoud Hashemzadeh
* Zelimkhan Huseynov

## I

* Mogamed Ibragimov
* Aydin Ibrahimov
* Ali Isayev
* Khazar Isayev

## M

* Rashid Mammadbeyov
* Farid Mansurov

## P

* Mehmet Akif Pirim

## R

* Vitaliy Rahimov
* Yuliya Ratkevich

## S

* Namig Sevdimov
* Sharif Sharifov
* Mariya Stadnik

## T

* Saman Tahmasebi
* Novruz Temrezov