OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chroococcidiopsis

Chroococcidiopsis is a photosynthetic, coccoidal bacterium, and the only genus in the order Chroococcidiopsidales and in the family Chroococcidiopsidaceae. A diversity of species and cultures exist within the genus, with a diversity of phenotypes. Some extremophile members of Chroococcidiopsis are known for their ability to survive harsh environmental conditions, including both high and low temperatures, ionizing radiation, and high salinity.
Chroococcidiopsis are able to survive in a dormant state for at least 13 million years, with the ability to reactivate after this time.

## Desiccation resistance

The ability of Chroococcidiopsis to resist desiccation in arid environments is due in part because it colonizes the underside of translucent rocks. The underside of these rocks provides enough condensed moisture for growth while the rock's translucent nature allows just enough light to reach the organism for photosynthesis to occur.
A 2023 study found Chroococcidiopsis is able to survive for long periods in a desiccated state on solar panels, under irradiated conditions. The samples were able to be genetically altered, proving potential future uses, but no specific task was coded into the samples used.

## Mars colonization

Due to its resistance to harsh environmental conditions, especially low temperature, low moisture, and radiation tolerance, Chroococcidiopsis has been thought of as an organism capable of living on Mars. Scientists have speculated about the possibility of introducing Chroococcidiopsis to the Martian environment to aid in the formation of an aerobic environment. In addition to oxygen production, Chroococcidiopsis could aid in the formation of soil on the Martian surface. On Earth, soil is formed by plant, microbial, and geophysical activity on a mineral substrate. The soil produced by chemical weathering of rocks and oxygen produced by photosynthesis could one day provide the conditions necessary for humans to grow food on Mars, possibly allowing for permanent human civilizations on the planet. On a shorter time scale, cyanobacteria such as Chroococcidiopsis could be used in closed systems to produce resources for human-occupied outposts on Mars without altering the planet's surface or atmosphere.
A space mission called EXPOSE-R2 was launched on 24 July 2014 aboard the Russian Progress M-24M, and was attached on 18 August 2014 outside the ISS on the Russian module Zvezda. The experiment included samples of Chroococcidiopsis that were exposed to simulated Martian atmosphere, UVC radiation and temperature extremes. In 2022, the findings of the experiments were published.

### UV and desiccation resistance

Biofilms of Chroococcidiopsis were exposed to Mars-like UV-flux and desiccation for up to seven years. Biofilms that were either (1) dried or (2) both dried and UV irradiated were able to recover. When these biofilms were rewetted the nucleotide excision repair genes encoding UvrA, UvrB and UvrC were over-expressed. This suggests that nucleotide excision repair of accumulated DNA damages contributed to the recovery.
# William Henry Hill Sr

William Henry Hill (6 November 1837 – 28 July 1911) was an Irish architect based in County Cork. After a fire all but destroyed Cork Courthouse, Washington Street, Hill was awarded the contract for its reconstruction.
Hill was the diocesan architect for the Anglican Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross from either 1872 or 1873 to c.1878, as well as the consulting architect to the Cork Lunatic Asylum board for almost forty years.

## Biography

The son of William Hill, William Henry was born into a dynasty of Cork-based architects which includes his uncle, Henry Hill, his cousins Arthur and Arthur Richard Hill, his son William Henry Hill, and his first-cousin once-removed Henry Houghton Hill.

## Architectural works
### Original churches

* Christ Church, Drinagh, 1897.
* Christ Church, Ballyhooly, 1880–1881.
* Chapel in Our Lady's Hospital Lunatic Asylum, 1885.
* St Mark's Church, Kilbonane, 1897.
* St Luke's Church, Summerhill North
* Abbeystrewry Church, Skibereen

### Restored/expanded churches

* St Catherine's Church, Rincurran, 1873.
* St Senan's Church, Inniscarra, 1873.
# Durch fremde Hand

Durch fremde Hand is the ninth studio album by L'Âme Immortelle. The album is featured on two CDs and is the twin album of the band's previous studio album, Namenlos. The first disc contains remix versions of the songs on the first disc of Namenlos. A limited edition digipack, limited to 2,000 copies worldwide, was also released containing a 28-page booklet featuring artwork and song lyrics.

## Track listing

* Disc 1
* "Vergessen" (Die Namenlosen von Berlin by Üebermutter) – (2:15)
* "1000 Voices" (Echoes of a Thousand Voices Covered by ASP) – (5:10)
* "Behind the Light" (Beautiful Light Remix by Bella Donna) – (4:11)
* "Bleib" (Plastic Remix by Dope Stars Inc.) – (3:55)
* "Requiem" (Satya Yuga Remix by Affentanz) – (4:30)
* "Lost" (Pin-Up Remix by XPQ-21) – (3:02)
* "Blutrot" (Quiet Heart Remix by Necessary Response) – (4:45)
* "Reborn" (Hardcore Remix by Las Vegas 909) – (5:33)
* "Es Tut Mir Leid" (Entschuldigung Remix by Grendel) – (5:04)
* "Niemals" (Club Remix by Wynardtage) – (4:54)
* "Jenseits der Schatten" (Void Remix by Monozelle) – (4:52)
* "The Cleansing" (Voidian Cleansing Remix by Beyond the Void) – (3:42)
* "Namenlos" (Drifting Downwards Remix by Perfidious Words) – (5:31)
* Disc 2
* Ophelia – (1:55)
* Ein Blick Zurück – (4:12)
* Suffocating Endlessly – (4:20)
* Now You’re Gone – (3:53)
* Durch Fremde Hand – (4:29)
* Das Kühle Grab – (2:53)
# Coprosma ciliata

Coprosma ciliata, is a shrub in the family Rubiaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. C. ciliata is found in the South Island from Lake Brunner southwards into Fiordland mostly west of the Southern Alps. The species prefers lowland forest where it often occurs beside streams, swamps and lakes.
C. ciliata grows up to 7 metres tall and has oval leaves that are bright green to olive-green.
# Julie E. Backer

Julie Elisabeth Backer (31 August 1890 – 31 December 1977) was a Norwegian statistician who was bureau chief for Norway's Central Bureau of Statistics 1936–1956 specializing in the study of mortality.

## Biography

She was born in Kristiania as a daughter of architect Herman Backer (1856–1932) and Elisabeth Christiane née Boeck (1868–1958). After finishing her secondary education in 1909 she took the cand.oecon. degree in 1912. She worked a few years as a calculator at the life insurance company Gjensidige before being employed in Statistics Norway in 1917.
In 1920-1921 she studied at the University of Montpellier, and in 1922 she worked at the L'Institut international de Commerce in Brussels. In 1929 she studied Medical Statistics at the League of Nations in Geneva.
She served as bureau chief for Statistics Norway in 1936–1956, and later became a consultant in the research department there.
In 1938 she took the dr.philos. degree with the thesis Dødeligheten blandt lungetuberkuløse, on the mortality among tuberculosis victims.
Her principal interests and responsibilities lay in health and population statistics. She became head of her division in 1936 and served in that post until her retirement in 1956. After her retirement, she still continued her research and carried on publishing.
She was an elected member of the International Statistical Institute, the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population and a World Health Organization expert panel on statistical classification of diseases.

## Notable works

Backer was widely published, particularly concerning population statistics and medical-statistical topics.
* (1947) Population Statistics and Population Registration in Norway. Part I. The Vital Statistics of Norway: an Historical Review, Population Studies, 1(2), 212-226
* (1948) Population statistics and population registration in Norway. Part 2, Population Studies, 2(3), 318-338
* (1961) Trend of Mortality and Causes of Death in Norway 1856-1955 (Dødeligheten og dens årsaker i Norge. 1856–1955)
* (1965) Marriages, Births and Migrations in Norway 1856-1960 (Ekteskap, fødsler og vandringer i Norge 1856–1960)
* (1967) Infant Mortality Problems in Norway, Pediatrics, 41(5)
# Flavio Faggioni

Flavio Faggioni (born August 18, 1981) is an Italian ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Meran/Merano of the Austrian lower leagues.
Faggioni competed at the 2007 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Italy national ice hockey team.
# Inzombia

Inzombia may refer to:
* Inzombia (album), a 1995 album by Slant 6
* Inzombia (mixtape), a 2016 mixtape by Belly
# Kobe New Transit 8000 series

The Kobe New Transit 8000 series (神戸新交通8000型) was an automated guideway transit (AGT) vehicle used for passenger service on the Port Island Line (Port Liner) of the Kobe New Transit.
8000 series was introduced on February 5, 1981 on the opening of the Port Island Line.
The introduction of the Kobe New Transit 2000 series in 2006 led to the gradual displacement of the 8000 series trains, the last of which was withdrawn on November 8, 2009.
# Fitzgerald Copland-Crawford

Fitzgerald Hamilton Paul Copland-Crawford FRGS (5 May 1854 – 7 October 1894) was a Scottish amateur footballer who made two appearances in the representative matches in 1871 and 1872.

## Family

Crawford was born in Edinburgh, the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Fitzgerald Crawford of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, and his wife, Jane Dalrymple Anderson.
The family name was changed to "Copland-Crawford" in September 1872.

## Football career

Crawford was a member of the Harrow Chequers club, where he played alongside his elder brother Robert against the Wanderers in the opening match of the 1871–72 season, which ended scoreless. In the match report in the Morning Post on Monday, 16 October 1871, the Crawford brothers were commended for being "conspicuous for excellent play". Both brothers were later to become members of the Wanderers club.
Crawford also played alongside his brother in the matches between England and Scotland played on 18 November 1871 and 24 February 1872, which both ended with victories for England. In the report on the final match, he and his brother were praised for their "untiring forward play throughout".

## Life outside football

At the time of the 1871 census, Crawford was living with his father at the family home in Harrow. In the 1881 and 1891 censuses, he is recorded in Chelsea, described as Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
He died on 7 October 1894 in London, a few months after his brother.
# First Western Army

The First Western Army was created in 1810 as part of the reorganisation of the Imperial Russian Army, and was intended as a defense against the north-western part of the Empire from the expected invasion by Napoleon. The total troops in this Army included 150 battalions, 128 squadrons, 19 cossack regiments, and 590 guns.

## History

The command-in-chief of the First West Army on March 19 (April 2) 1812 was assigned to General of the Infantry M. B. Barklay de Tolli. However, after arriving 14 (26) April 1812 in Vilno at the general headquarters of the First West Army, the Emperor Alexander I became both legally and actually its commander-in-chief, since according to §18 of "Establishments for management of the large acting army”, introduced on January 27 (8) February 1812, “the presence of Emperor represents the main command authority of the army, unless when specified by an order, the acting commander-in-chief is directed to retain complete authority”. There was no such order, therefore, the Emperor assumed command of the army. When on the 7 (19) July 1812 the Emperor left the field army, M. B. Barklay de Tolli again became its commander-in-chief.

## Commanders during the Napoleonic Wars

* Commander-in-Chief Emperor Alexander I
* Commander - General of the Infantry of M. B. Barclay de Tolly
* Chief of Staff - General Lieutenant N. I. Lavrov
* General-quartermaster - General Major S. A. Mukhin
* Duty General - Fligel-Adjutant Colonel P. A. Kikin
* Chief of Artillery - General Major Graf A. I. Kutaysov
* Chief of Engineers - General Lieutenant Kh. I. Truzson
* 1st Infantry Corps General Lieutenant Graf P. Kh. Witgenshteyn
* 2nd Infantry Corps General Lieutenant K. G. Baggovut
* 3rd Infantry Corps General Lieutenant N. A. Tuchkov I
* 4th Infantry Corps General Lieutenant Graf P. A. Shuvalov
* 5th Reserve Guard Corps Cesarevitch Constantine Pavlovich
* 6th Infantry Corps General of the Infantry D. S. Dokhturov
* 1st Cavalry Corps General Adjutant F. P. Uvarov
* 2nd Cavalry Corps General Adjutant Baron F. K. Korf
* 3rd Cavalry Corps General Major Graf P. P. Palen III
* Flying Cossack Corps General of the Cavalry M. I. Platov
# Ivan Vukas

Ivan Vukas (born 16 September 1979) is a former Croatian handball national team player.
Vukas started his career in RK Zamet then named Zamet Autotrans and then later Crotek. In 2001 he moved to RK Metković.
He played for the national team at the 2004 European Men's Handball Championship where Croatia finished in fourth place. He also played at the 2006 Statoil World Cup where Croatia won the tournament.

## Honours
### Zamet

* Croatian Cup
** Finalist (2): 2000, 2001

### Metković

* Croatian First League
** Runner-up (3): 2001-02, 2002–03, 2003–04
* Croatian Cup
** Winner (1): 2002
** Finalist (1): 2004

### Moser

* Austrian Cup
** Winner (1): 2010
# Ivan Vulić

Ivan Vulić (born 16 November 1956) is a Croatian architect. He graduated from the Gymnasium Vladimir Nazor in Zadar in 1975 and enrolled in Faculty of Architecture at University of Zagreb, where he studied under Božidar Rašica. Following graduation in 1980, he went to work for GP Ivan Lučić Lavčević in Split and ten years later become head of Lavčević's "Projektno-tehnološki biro" (later renamed "Projektiranje") one of largest architecture bureaus in the country. In 1995 he left GP Lavčević to establish his own practice, VV-Projekt.
Vulić designed hundreds of residential, commercial, ecclesiastical and transport buildings, among most renowned are large public housing project Meterize in Šibenik (1987-1990), office and retail building Lavčević in Split (with Lada Vrdoljak, 1996), affordable housing complex in Makarska (2003-2010) and Split Airport (2001-2019). Award-winning canopy structure (2001-2004) of Split Airport terminal inspired numerous similar designs around the world, most notably Northern entrance to Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Vulić has received the 2020 Medal for Architecture from the Croatian Chamber of Architects for the design of the new Passenger terminal at Split Airport.
Since mid 1980s he often collaborated with sculptor Vasko Lipovac on various projects including reconstruction of Old Waterworks building (hr) in Split, Ihtiodrom at Jadro Spring and unrealized public sculpture project that will later morph into monumental Red Flower erected next to Faculty of Economics in Split.
He was a professor at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy of University of Split from 2005 to 2014.
# Daniel Mesotitsch

Daniel Mesotitsch (born 22 May 1976) is an Austrian former biathlete.

## Career

Mesotitsch originally competed in cross-country skiing. However, in 1997 he was injured in a car crash and took up shooting during his recovery when he was unable to undertake ski training. He subsequently switched to biathlon.
He has competed in four Winter Olympics, in 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. He won 2 medals: silver in the Men's relay in 2010, and a bronze in Men's relay in 2014. Both of the relays together with Dominik Landertinger, Simon Eder and Christoph Sumann.
He was named Sportsman of the Year in 2011 in his home state of Carinthia.
Mesotitsch announced on 22 March 2019 that he would retire from the sport on 26 March 2019 after the Austrian Championships.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

2 medals (1 silver, 1 bronze)
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay |
| 2002 Salt Lake City | 64th | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2006 Turin | 59th | — | — | — | 17th | — |
| 2010 Vancouver | 9th | 45th | 41st | 5th | Silver | — |
| 2014 Sochi | 40th | 38th | 37th | — | Bronze | 9th |
    *Mass start was added as an event in 2006, with the mixed relay being added in 2014.

### World Championships

3 medals (1 silver, 2 bronze)
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay |
| 2001 Pokljuka | — | — | — | — | 8th | — |
| 2002 Oslo Holmenkollen | — | — | — | 5th | — | — |
| 2003 Khanty-Mansiysk | 12th | — | — | — | 8th | — |
| 2004 Oberhof | 56th | 56th | DNS | — | 9th | — |
| 2005 Hochfilzen | 29th | 40th | DNS | — | Bronze | — |
| 2007 Antholz-Anterselva | 12th | 26th | 35th | 29th | 6th | — |
| 2008 Östersund | 60th | 49th | 31st | — | 4th | — |
| 2009 Pyeongchang | 20th | 29th | 24th | 25th | Silver | — |
| 2011 Khanty-Mansiysk | 50th | 38th | 26th | — | 9th | — |
| 2012 Ruhpolding | 13th | 4th | 4th | 14th | 5th | — |
| 2013 Nové Město | 45th | 33rd | 27th | — | 5th | — |
| 2015 Kontiolahti | 54th | 41st | 26th | — | 5th | — |
| 2017 Hochfilzen | 15th | 50th | 50th | — | Bronze | — |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
    **Mixed relay was added as an event in 2005.

### Individual victories

3 victories (2 In, 1 Pu)
| Season | Date | Location | Discipline | Level |
| 2001–02 1 victory (1 In) | 24 January 2002 | Antholz-Anterselva | 20 km individual | Biathlon World Cup |
| 2009–10 1 victory (1 Pu) | 24 January 2010 | Antholz-Anterselva | 12.5 km pursuit | Biathlon World Cup |
| 2010–11 1 victory (1 In) | 16 December 2010 | Pokljuka | 20 km individual | Biathlon World Cup |
    *Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.
# Fisher Homestead (Lewes, Delaware)

Fisher Homestead, also known as Cedarcroft Farm, is a historic home located near Lewes, in Sussex County, Delaware. Dating to around 1850, it is a two-story, single-pile, center-hall plan dwelling with wood pilasters at the corners, designed in the Greek Revival style. It has a gable roof and is sheathed in cedar shingles. It has an original one-story, three bay rear wing, and a two-story wing raised to that height in the early 1900s.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Filthy!

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Filthy! is Papa John Creach's second solo album and the first with his band Zulu. The guitarist of Zulu would later be known as Keb' Mo'. The band Hot Tuna also makes an appearance on the album on the track "Walking the Tou Tou", which was written by Jorma Kaukonen.

## Track listing
### Side One

* "Filthy Funky" (Miles Grayson) – 5:19
* "No More Country Girls" (Grayson, Lermon Horton) – 3:42
* "Don't Tell It To No One" (Papa John Creach) – 2:20
* "Mother's Day" (Roger Spotts) – 3:16
* "Walking the Tou Tou" (Jorma Kaukonen) – 3:16

### Side Two

* "Everybody Wants My Good Thing" (Grayson, Horton) – 4:12
* "Far Out" (Spotts) – 3:19
* "Give Me an Hour in Your Garden (And I'll Show You How to Plant a Rose)" (Grayson, Horton) – 5:30
* "Time Out for Sex" (Spotts) – 2:59
* "Up in the Alley" (Creach) – 3:30

## Personnel

* Papa John Creach – electric violin, vocals
* Big Joe Turner – vocals on "Give Me an Hour in Your Garden"
* Harmonica Fats (pseudonym for Harvey Blackston; 1927–2000) – harmonica on "No More Country Girls"

### Zulu

Plays on all tracks except "Walking the Tou Tou"
* Carl Byrd – drums
* Kevin Moore – guitar
* Johnny Parker – keyboards
* Holden "Hoagy" Raphael – percussion, Jew's harp
* Sam Williams – bass

### Hot Tuna

Plays on "Walking the Tou Tou"
* Jack Casady – bass
* Jorma Kaukonen – lead guitar
* Sammy Piazza – drums
* Hoagy Raphael – congas

### Horn Section

* Blue Mitchell – trumpet
* Henry Coker, John Ewing – trombones
* Joe Lane Davis, Jerry Jumonville, Maurice Simon – tenor saxophones

### Background Vocals

* Venetta Fields, Sherlie Matthews, Marti McCall, Luther Waters, Oren Waters, Maxine Willard

### Production

* Papa John Creach – producer, arranger
* Miles Grayson – arranger
* Roger Hamilton Spotts – arranger
* Jamie Dee Howell – production assistance
* Chick Casady – wizard
* Kerry McNabb – recording engineer, mixdown engineer
* Recorded at Paramount Recording Studio
* Marshall Brevetz – studio supervisor
* Mastered at United Sound, Burbank
* Pat (Maurice) Ieraci – production coordinator
* Bruce Steinberg – photography, design
* Bill Thompson – manager, poetry
# Flag of Luhansk Oblast

The flag of Luhansk Oblast is the official flag of Luhansk Oblast, an oblast in Ukraine. The oblast uses a cobalt flag charged with its coat of arms.
The flag consists of a cobalt background with a side ratio of 1:1.5 (100 X 165 cm). In the top-left corner of the flag there is a circle, with a radius of 20 cm. The circle's center is 49 cm from the left border of the flag and 39 cm from the top border. Seventeen yellow and 14 white smaller stars, 4 cm in size, surround it. The Luhansk Oblast's small coat of arms is located within the circle.
# Leivasy, West Virginia

Leivasy is an unincorporated community in Nicholas County, West Virginia, United States. Leivasy is located on West Virginia Route 20, 9.5 miles (15.3 km) of Richwood. Leivasy has a post office with ZIP code 26676.
Vol Leivasy, an early postmaster, gave the community his name.
# Daniel de Fonseca

Daniel de Fonseca (1672 - c. 1740) was a distinguished Portuguese Marrano Jew who served as court physician and advisor to several notable European rulers. He used his influence to help secure better treatment of several Jewish communities throughout Europe.

## Biography

Born in 1672 in Oporto, Portugal, his grandfather had been burned at stake during the Portuguese Inquisition, after which his parents, Abraham da Fonseca and Simcha Querido fled to Amsterdam, leaving their children behind in Portugal. de Fonseca, then eight years old, was baptized along with his brothers, and was entered into the Catholic priesthood. Although he immediately reverted to Judaism in his teenage years. This captured the attention of his monastery, who attempted to seize him. Although he managed to escape to Bordeaux, France, where he studied medicine, and displayed himself to be an adept learner. He later moved to Paris, living there for a year or two.
In 1702, he moved to Istanbul, where Jews thrived under the tolerance of the Ottoman sultanate. In Istanbul, that he began to publicly embrace his Judaism, later marrying a woman named Esther Franco Mendes. It was also during this time that de Fonseca exemplified himself as an excellent physician, quickly being employed by several notable Ottoman aristocrats. Word of the young physician spread throughout Europe, and the middle east. After the Battle of Poltava, de Fonseca aided King Charles XII of Sweden in his intrigues which he sustained during the Great Northern War.
Subsequently, after this prestigious position, he was appointed the physician to the French embassy in Istanbul, where he played an important role as an adviser to French diplomats, regarding Ottoman customs and culture. He held this office until 1719, when in March of that year, he moved to Bucharest to serve as a physician and advisor to Prince Nicholas Mavrocordato of Wallachia. It was this relationship with Prince Nicholas, that allowed de Fonseca to secure the relative civil liberties of local Jewish communities. During Ottoman–Habsburg wars, de Fonseca expressed his constant support of the Ottoman and French governments, and in return, the Austrian diplomat Ambrosius Franz, stated that de Fonseca was "a shrewd intriguer, whom I distrust very much" leading de Fonseca experiencing great unpopularity in Austria. He later returned to Istanbul, where he was appointed physician to Sultan Ahmad III.
Although after the deposition of Ahmad III in 1730, de Fonseca decided to retire in Paris, where he became a close friend of Voltaire, who described de Fonseca as "the only philosopher of his people". It was in Paris that he died around 1740.