OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Giardini Botanici Villa Taranto

The Giardini Botanici Villa Taranto (16 hectares) are botanical gardens located on the western shore of Lake Maggiore in Pallanza, Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Italy. They are open daily; an admission fee is charged.
The gardens were established 1931-1940 by Scotsman Neil Boyd McEacharn who bought an existing villa and its neighbouring estates, cut down more than 2000 trees, and undertook substantial changes to the landscape, including the addition of major water features employing 8 km of pipes. He set the name "Villa Taranto" (Taranto House) in honour of his ancestor Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald, named Duke of Taranto by Napoleon. They opened to the public in 1952, and after McEacharn's death in 1964 have been run by a non-profit organization. The Villa Taranto itself is not open to the public; it is used by the government.
Captain Neil Boyd Watson McEacharn was born in 1884 in Hanover Square, London, England. His father was the Australian Sir Malcolm Donald McEacharn of Scottish descent and his mother Mary Ann Watson, a daughter of Australian mining millionaire John Boyd Watson. He was commissioned into the Kings Own Scottish Borderers of the British Army in 1911 and served throughout the First World War, being appointed a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE).
Today the gardens contain nearly 20,000 plant varieties, representing more than 3,000 species, set among 7 km of paths. Among its collections are azalea, cornus, greenhouses of Victoria amazonica, and 300 types of dahlias. It also contains a small herbarium and the founder's mausoleum.
# Gervas

Gervas may refer to:

## People

* Gervais (name), list of people with the given name or surname
# John Leddy Phelan

John Leddy Phelan (1924–July 24, 1976) was a scholar of colonial Spanish America and the Philippines. He spent the bulk of his scholarly career as a professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

## Biography

John Leddy Phelan was born in Fall River, Massachusetts to an Irish American family. Phelan graduated from Harvard College cum laude in History in 1947; he earned his doctorate at University of California, Berkeley in 1951. His dissertation on the Franciscan Order in early colonial Mexico became the basis for his first book, The Millennial Kingdom of the Franciscans in the New World: A Study of the Writings of Gerónimo de Mendieta (1525-1604) (1956, 2nd edition 1970), which remains an important work in the field of early Latin America. Phelan's monograph, The Hispanization of the Philippines: Spanish Aims and Filipino Responses(1959) continues to be one of the few works on the Spanish Empire focusing on the colonial Philippines and takes into account local responses to crown policies. His third monograph, The Kingdom of Quito in the Seventeenth Century: Bureaucratic Politics in the Spanish Empire (1967) is a mixture of political and social history, along with an important chapter on cultural history focusing on Mariana de Jesús de Paredes, known as the "Lily of Quito." In 1968 the book was accorded honorable mention for the Bolton Prize of the Conference on Latin American History. His last monograph, The People and the King: The Comunero Revolution in Colombia 1781, was on the Revolt of the Comuneros of New Granada. It was published posthumously and received the American Historical Association's Beveridge Award in 1978. Phelan was elected Chairman of the Conference on Latin American History in 1973. He was a Guggenheim Fellow, American Council of Learned Societies Fellow, Newberry Library Fellow. He served on the editorial boards of Hispanic American Historical Review and The Americas.
He died in Madison, Wisconsin on July 24, 1976.

## Influence

The historian James Lockhart was a graduate student who studied under Phelan.
# John Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds

John Francis Godolphin Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds (12 March 1901 – 26 July 1963) was a British peer.

## Biography

He was the son of George Godolphin Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds and Lady Katherine Frances Lambton. He succeeded to the title of 11th Duke of Leeds and its subsidiary titles on 10 May 1927.
He inherited half a million pounds after tax from his father at the age of twenty-six in 1927, but his father also left gambling debts. Hornby Castle estate was placed on the market in 1930. The Duke spent the rest of his life as a tax exile on the French Riviera, and on the island of Jersey at his mansion Melbourne House. Hornby Castle, bar one gutted wing, was demolished in 1931.
Bibulous and self-centred, he had no interest in living up to his title, and dissipated much of the family's remaining wealth, although enough remained for his sole child Lady Camilla to inherit, in addition to an allowance, £1,000,000 (equivalent to £17,850,000 in 2023) lump sum from the family trust in 1971.
In 1961 he sold Francisco Goya's Portrait of the Duke of Wellington at auction for £140,000 (equivalent to £3,420,000 in 2023). It was taken from the National Gallery later that year by Kempton Bunton who unsuccessfully tried to hold it for ransom.

## Family

The Duke was married three times:
* firstly, to Serbian ballet dancer Irma Amelia de Malkhozouny, on 27 March 1933 (marriage dissolved in 1948 without issue);
* secondly, to Audrey Young, on 21 December 1948 (marriage dissolved in 1955), with whom he had one daughter, Lady Camilla Dorothy Godolphin Osborne (born 14 August 1950), who married firstly Julian Brownlow Harris (marriage dissolved) and secondly, in 1977, Nigel Richard Patton Dempster (marriage dissolved in 2002);
* thirdly, to Caroline Fleur Vatcher (1931–2005), daughter of Colonel Henry Monckton Vatcher of Jersey, on 22 February 1955, who survived him.
Since the 11th Duke died without male issue, his titles passed to his cousin D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds, the last holder of these titles when the lineage became extinct.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of John Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds :
# Gibbidessus

Gibbidessus chipi is a species of beetle in the family Dytiscidae, the only species in the genus Gibbidessus.
The genus was first described in 1978 by Chris H.S. Watts.
It is found throughout Australia with the exceptions of the Northern Territory and Queensland.
# Draževnik

Draževnik (pronounced) is a small settlement southeast of Dobrova in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

The name Draževnik, like similar toponyms (e.g., Draža vas, Draženci, Dražgoše), is probably derived from a Slavic personal name (such as *Dragъ/Drago, *Dražigojь, *Dražigostь) and likely refers to an early inhabitant of the place. In the past it was known as Draschounik in German.

## History

On 18 November 1942 Italian forces killed several villagers from Draževnik in nearby Podsmreka.
# Ghribi

Ghribi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ali Ghribi (born 1974), Tunisian paralympic athlete
* Habiba Ghribi (born 1984), Tunisian middle and long-distance runner
# Ghriss District

Ghriss District is a district of Mascara Province, Algeria.

## Municipalities

The district is further divided into 5 municipalities:
* Ghriss
* Makdha
* Matemore
* Sidi Boussaid
* Maoussa
* This article about a location in Mascara Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
35°14′53″N 0°09′41″E﻿ / ﻿35.2481°N 0.1614°E﻿ / 35.2481; 0.1614
# John New

John New may refer to:
* John C. New (1831–1906), Treasurer of the United States, 1875–76
* John D. New (1924–1944), U.S. Medal of Honor recipient
# Giedrius

Giedrius is a Lithuanian masculine given name and may refer to the following individuals:
* Giedrius Andriunaitis (born 1991), Lithuanian swimmer
* Giedrius Arlauskis (born 1987), Lithuanian football goalkeeper
* Giedrius Barevičius (born 1976), Lithuanian football midfielder
* Giedrius Gustas (born 1980), Lithuanian basketball point guard and shooting guard
* Giedrius Gužys (born 1976), Lithuanian sport sailor
* Giedrius Kuprevičius (born 1944), Lithuanian composer and music educator
* Giedrius Matulevičius (born 1997), Lithuanian footballer
* Giedrius Savickas (born 1991), Lithuanian actor
* Giedrius Staniulis (born 1991), Lithuanian basketball player
* Giedrius Titenis (born 1989), Lithuanian swimmer and Olympic competitor
* Giedrius Tomkevičius (born 1984), Lithuanian football midfielder
* Giedrius Žutautas (born 1974), Lithuanian football defender
# John MacIntosh

John MacIntosh or John Macintosh may refer to:
* John Macintosh (1821-1911), Australian politician in New South Wales
* John William MacIntosh (20th century), Canadian politician in British Columbia
# Dual (album)

Dual is an album by four acclaimed Irish and Scottish musicians: Éamon Doorley, Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh (both prominently of Danú), Julie Fowlis and Ross Martin.
The artists released the album in October 2008 on their official websites. The album was planned to project the similarities and differences between the Irish and Scottish Gaelic song traditions. The album features Scottish waulking songs such as Alasdair Mhic Cholla Ghasda, and an Irish equivalent to the Scottish puirt à beul. The songs are set in a traditional/folk accompaniment, very different from the recorded versions of a few of the songs by Capercaillie and Clannad.
The four musicians have been playing music together since a sing-song at the Tønder Festival in 2003. The four-piece has toured together twice a year both in Ireland and Scotland. Julie and Muireann have had very similar upbringings and found their music and languages shared many common threads. Hence the name, Dual, which means "to braid, to twine, inheritance or native" in both Irish and Scottish Gaelic. The album features songs in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, and tunes from both cultures.

## Track listing

* "Dá bhfaigheann mo rogha de thriúr acu / Dhannsamaid le Ailean / Cairistion' Nigh'n Eòghainn"
* "Beauty Deas An Oileáin"
* "Tha 'm buntàta mòr / An Bairille / Boc liath nan gobhar"
* "An Eala Bhàn"
* "Uist-Kerry Set: Bu chaomh leam bhith fuireach / Port Deálaí / Neilí"
* "Alasdair Mhic Cholla Ghasda"
* "Gol na mBan san Ár / The Walls of Liscarroll / Alistrum's March"
* "Duan na Muiligheartaich & Laoi na Mná Móra"
* "An Cóisir / Chuirinn mo ghiollan a dh' iomain nan caorach"
* "Cailíní Deasa Mhuigheo / Eader Alba is Éirinn / Mrs Ramsay of Barton / Tie the bonnet tight"
* "Pé in Éirinn Í"
* "A Ríogain Uasail"
# Drop (Dallas Smith song)

"Drop" is a song recorded by Canadian country music singer Dallas Smith. It was written by Joey Moi, Mark Holman, Michael Hardy, Steven Lee Olsen. The song was released to radio by 604 Records as the third single from his 2019 EP The Fall, and was later included on his 2020 album Timeless.

## Chart performance

"Drop" reached a peak of Number One on the Billboard Canada Country chart dated September 7, 2019. It marks the singer's eighth Number One hit on the chart, the most by any Canadian country artist. It also peaked at number 77 on the Billboard Canadian Hot 100, his first single to chart there since "Autograph" in 2016.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 77 |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# John MacLeod Fraser

John MacLeod Fraser (February 12, 1935 – December 29, 2010) was ambassador of Canada to the People's Republic of China from January 11, 1971 to June 10, 1971.
# John Porterfield

John Porterfield (fl. 1571–1571x3) was a Scottish prelate in the sixteenth-century. A mysterious figure, he emerges in 1571 as the successor to James Beaton II as Archbishop of Glasgow. He was described by Robert Keith as "a kind of titular bishop", propped up by the establishment for nominal purposes during a period of disorder. Porterfield probably held on to the archbishopric into 1572, but he disappeared from the records thereafter. In late 1573, James Boyd of Trochrig became new Archbishop of Glasgow. Porterfield is possibly the John Porterfield, minister of Ayr, who died in 1604 to be succeeded by John Welsh.
# Dubautia

Dubautia or na'ena'e is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The genus was named after Joseph Eugène DuBaut (1796–1832), an officer in the French Navy who participated in Freycinet's expedition.
The entire genus is endemic to Hawaii. It contains more species than the other two genera in the silversword alliance, including cushion plants, shrubs, trees, and lianas.

## Species
### Accepted species and subspecies

| Dubautia arborea (A.Gray) D.D.Keck – tree dubautia Dubautia caliginis (C.N.Forbes) ined. Dubautia ciliolata (DC.) D.D.Keck Dubautia degeneri (Sherff) ined. Dubautia demissifolia (Sherff) D.D.Keck Dubautia grayana (Hillebr.) ined. Dubautia gymnoxiphium (A.Gray) ined. Dubautia herbstobatae G.D.Carr Dubautia hobdyi (H.St.John) ined. Dubautia imbricata H.St.John & G.D.Carr Dubautia imbricata subsp. acronaea G.D.Carr Dubautia imbricata subsp. imbricata Dubautia kai (C.N.Forbes) ined. Dubautia kalalauensis B.G.Baldwin & G.D.Carr Dubautia kauensis (Rock & M.Neal) ined. Dubautia kenwoodii G.D.Carr Dubautia knudsenii Hillebr. Dubautia laevigata A.Gray Dubautia latifolia (A.Gray) D.D.Keck Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arn. Dubautia linearis (Gaudich.) D.D.Keck Dubautia linearis subsp. hillebrandii (H.Mann) G.D.Carr Dubautia linearis subsp. linearis Dubautia menziesii (A.Gray) D.D.Keck | Dubautia microcephala Skottsberg – small-head dubautia Dubautia montana (H.Mann) D.D.Keck Dubautia paleata A.Gray Dubautia paludosa (H.St.John) ined. Dubautia pauciflorula H.St. John & G.D.Carr Dubautia plantaginea Gaudich. Dubautia plantaginea subsp. humilis G.D.Carr Dubautia plantaginea subsp. magnifolia (Sherff) G.D.Carr Dubautia plantaginea subsp. plantaginea Dubautia platyphylla (A.Gray) D.D.Keck Dubautia raillardioides Hillebr. Dubautia reticulata (Sherff) D.D.Keck – net-veined dubautia Dubautia sandwicensis (DC.) ined. Dubautia scabra (DC.) D.D.Keck Dubautia sherffiana Fosberg Dubautia syndetica G.D.Carr & D.H.Lorence Dubautia thyrsiflora (Sherff) D.D.Keck Dubautia virescens (Hillebr.) ined. Dubautia waialealae Rock Dubautia waianapanapaensis G.D.Carr |
# Dromophis

Dromophis is a genus of colubrid snakes. There are two commonly accepted species in the genus Dromophis:
* Lined Olympic Snake - Dromophis lineatus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854
* Striped Swamp Snake - Dromophis praeornatus Schlegel, 1837
# John Rollins

John Rollins may refer to:
* John Rollins (golfer) (born 1975), American golfer
* John W. Rollins (1916–2000), American businessman and politician
* John Rollins (Minnesota politician) (1806–1883), American politician
* John C. Rollins, state legislator in Arkansas
# Gian Nicola Berardi

Gian Nicola Berardi (born 21 February 1979) is a retired athlete from San Marino who specialised in the sprinting events. He represented his country at the 2004 Summer Olympics, as well as two outdoor and three indoor World Championships.
Apart from being a sprinter, he also represented San Marino in basketball.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing San Marino ||||||
| 2001 | World Indoor Championships | Lisbon, Portugal | 43rd (h) | 60 m | 7.00 |
| 2001 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Serravalle, San Marino | 3rd | 100 m | 10.62 |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 53rd (h) | 100 m | 10.76 |
| 2001 | Mediterranean Games | Radès, Tunisia | 18th (h) | 100 m | 10.84 |
| 2002 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 41st (h) | 100 m | 10.73 |
| 2003 | World Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 48th (h) | 60 m | 7.02 |
| 2003 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Marsa, Malta | 4th | 100 m | 10.60 |
| 2003 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Marsa, Malta | 3rd | 200 m | 21.68 |
| 2003 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Marsa, Malta | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 41.71 |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 55th (h) | 100 m | 10.84 |
| 2004 | World Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 48th (h) | 60 m | 7.01 |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 63rd (h) | 100 m | 10.76 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 100 metres – 10.60 (+0.5 m/s) (Marsa 2003) NR
* 200 metres – 21.68 (+0.3 m/s) (Marsa 2003)
Indoor
* 60 metres – 6.87 (Ancona 2004) NR
* 200 metres – 25.57 (Eaubonne 2007)
# Drăgănescu

Drăgănescu may refer to several entities in Romania:
* Drăgănescu, a village in Mihăilești town, Giurgiu County
* Mihai Drăgănescu, engineer
# Drăgănești, Neamț

Drăgănești is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Drăgănești, Orțăști, Râșca and Șoimărești. These were part of Brusturi-Drăgănești Commune until 2004, when they were split off and the remainder was renamed Brusturi.
# Dubno (disambiguation)

Dubno is a city in the Rivne Oblast of western Ukraine.
Dubno may also refer to:
* Dubno, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
* Dubno (Příbram District), a village and municipality in the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic
* Dubno, Rimavská Sobota District, a village in the Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia
* Dubno Raion, Rivne Oblast, Ukraine
# List of companies of Gabon

Gabon, officially the Gabonese Republic, is a sovereign state on the west coast of Central Africa located on the equator. Gabon's economy is dominated by oil. Oil revenues comprise roughly 46% of the government's budget, 43% of gross domestic product (GDP), and 81% of exports. Oil production is now declining rapidly from its high point of 370,000 barrels per day in 1997. The economy is highly dependent on extraction of abundant primary materials. Prior to the discovery of oil, logging was the pillar of the Gabonese economy. Today, logging and manganese mining are the other major income generators.

## Notable firms

This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Notable companies Active State-owned Defunct :
| Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes |
| Afric Aviation | Consumer services | Airlines | Port-Gentil | 2011 | Regional airline |
| Air Excellence | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 2002 | Defunct 2004 |
| Air Gabon | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 1951 | Defunct 2006 |
| Air Inter Gabon | Consumer services | Airlines | Port-Gentil | 1956 | Defunct 2006 |
| Air Max Africa | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 2002 | Defunct 2006 |
| Air Service Gabon | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 1965 | Defunct 2010 |
| BGFIBank Group | Financials | Banks | Libreville | 1971 | Financial services |
| Gabon Airlines | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 2007 | Defunct 2012 |
| Gabon Express | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 1998 | Defunct 2004 |
| Gabon Poste | Industrials | Delivery services | Libreville | 2001 | Postal service |
| Gabon Telecom | Telecommunications | Mobile telecommunications | Libreville | 2001 | Part of Maroc Telecom (Morocco) |
| Jet Express | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 1989 | Regional airline |
| National Airways Gabon | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 2002 | Defunct 2009 |
| Nationale Regionale Transport | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 2002 | Domestic airline |
| Nouvelle Air Affaires Gabon | Consumer services | Airlines | Libreville | 1975 | Charter airline |
| RegionAir | Consumer services | Airlines | Port-Gentil | 2007 | Regional airline |
| Sky Gabon | Industrials | Delivery services | Libreville | 2006 | Cargo airline |
| Société Nationale Petrolière Gabonaise | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Libreville | 1987 | Oil & gas |
* An Air Gabon Boeing 767-200 at Charles de Gaulle Airport in 2004.
* Libreville is the capital and financial center of Gabon.
# Gila Mountains (Yuma County)

The Gila Mountains of Yuma County are a 26-mile (42 km) long mountain range in southwestern Arizona in the northwest Sonoran Desert.
The Gila Mountains of Yuma County are a northwest-southeast trending mountain system. The fault-blocked mountain range is attached on the south to the Tinajas Altas Mountains which continue southeast into Sonora, Mexico for another 30 miles. The northwest end of the mountains border the southeast Laguna Mountains. The Gila River flows through the Gila Valley between the Gilas and the Lagunas prior to its confluence with the Colorado.
The Gila Mountains are southeast of the confluence of the Colorado and Gila rivers in the Lower Colorado River Valley. The Gila River flows northwest, north around the mountain's north end, then west six miles to the Colorado. On the northeast side of the Gila Range, the low-elevation basin, Dome Valley is created between the Muggins Mountains and the Muggins Mountains Wilderness to the northeast. The block faulted mountain series ends at this confluence location and the Muggins Mountains are at the southern and southwest end of an extensive plain that transitions north towards the Castle Dome Plain and Castle Dome Mountains. This plain is the location of the US Army Yuma Proving Ground on this east-west alluvial plain.
The highest peak in the arid and rugged Gila Mountains is Sheep Peak at 3,156 feet (962 m). The mountain range lies east of Yuma and the community of Fortuna Foothills lies on the northwest mountain range foothills, (named for the Fortuna Mine). The mountain range is located in the western portion of the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range which is used by the MCAS, the Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma.

## Ecology

A variety of flora and fauna are represented in the Gila Mountains. Trees include Dalea spinosa and Bursera microphylla.

## Interstate 8

One of the oldest sections of the Interstate Highway System in the US goes through a two-tiered highway section through Telegraph Pass at the north end of the range. The Interstate 8 roadcuts in the area of Telegraph Pass expose some of the oldest metamorphic rocks in the state of Arizona, outside of rocks exposed at the bottom of the Grand Canyon.

## Mountain acquisition controversy

A recent controversy involves acquisition of parts of the Gila Mountains by the city of Yuma, Arizona. The controversy is protection versus land use by agencies. The mountains are presently in the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range.
# Dudley's entropy integral

Dudley's entropy integral is a mathematical concept in the field of probability theory that describes a relationship involving the entropy of certain metric spaces and the concentration of measure phenomenon. It is named after the mathematician R. M. Dudley, who introduced the integral as part of his work on the uniform central limit theorem.

## Definition

The Dudley's entropy integral is defined for a metric space $(T,d)$ equipped with a probability measure $\mu$. Given a set $T$ and an $\epsilon$-covering, the entropy of $T$ is the logarithm of the minimum number of balls of radius $\epsilon$ required to cover $T$. Dudley's entropy integral is then given by the formula:
$\int _{0}^{\infty }{\sqrt {\log N(T,d,\epsilon )}}\,d\epsilon$
where $N(T,d,\epsilon )$ is the covering number, i.e. the minimum number of balls of radius $\epsilon$ with respect to the metric $d$ that cover the space $T$.

## Mathematical background

Dudley's entropy integral arises in the context of empirical processes and Gaussian processes, where it is used to bound the supremum of a stochastic process. Its significance lies in providing a metric entropy measure to assess the complexity of a space with respect to a given probability distribution. More specifically, the expected supremum of a sub-gaussian process is bounded up to finite constants by the entropy integral. Additionally, function classes with a finite entropy integral satisfy a uniform central limit theorem.