OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonathan Rashleigh

Jonathan Rashleigh may refer to:
* Jonathan Rashleigh (1591–1675), English landowner and politician, MP for Fowey in 1614, 1621, 1625, April 1640 and November 1640, and 1661
* Jonathan Rashleigh (1642–1702), English landowner and politician, MP for Fowey 1675-81 and 1689-95
* Jonathan Rashleigh (1693–1764), English landowner and politician, MP for Fowey 1727–64
* Jonathan Rashleigh (1820–1905), English landowner, local politician, collector and numismatist
# Forrest W. Seymour

Forrest W. Seymour (July 10, 1905 – October 3, 1983) was a Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist for the Des Moines Register and the Worcester Telegram. One of his most notable works is Sitanka: The Full Story of Wounded Knee, an account of the massacre, the events leading up to it and the aftermath.

## Career

In 1926, Seymour began working for the Des Moines Register. In 1943, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing.
During the 1950s, Seymour served as co-chair of the National Conference of Christians and Jews for the Des Moines area.

## Personal life

Seymour died in Hyannis on October 3, 1983.
# Formosa (bacterium)

Formosa is a genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.
# Liarea

Liarea is a genus of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Liareinae.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Liarea:
* Liarea aupouria Powell, 1954
* Liarea bicarinata (Suter, 1907)
* Liarea egea (Gray, 1850)
* Liarea hochstetteri (Pfeiffer, 1861)
* Liarea lepida (Suter, 1904)
* Liarea ornata Powell, 1954
* Liarea turriculata (Pfeiffer, 1855)
# Forty Reasons

Forty Reasons is the first studio album by drummer Chad Wackerman, released in 1991 through CMP Records; it was later reissued together with Wackerman's 1993 album The View as a limited edition double-disc compilation.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic gave Forty Reasons three stars out of five, calling it "a tidy thesis of lessons well learned, a snazzy musical diary of 20 years of modern fusion surfeited with complex drumming, a multitude of elastic-time changes, and attractive, high-tech melodies." Praise was also given to each supporting musician—guitarist Allan Holdsworth, keyboardist Jim Cox and bassist Jimmy Johnson—for their "top-notch performances".

## Personnel

* Chad Wackerman – drums, production
* Allan Holdsworth – guitar
* Jim Cox – keyboard, piano, organ
* Jimmy Johnson – bass
* Walter Quintus – engineering, production
* Kurt Renker – production
# Library Exchange Format

In integrated circuit design, Library Exchange Format (LEF) is a specification for representing the physical layout of an integrated circuit in an ASCII format. It includes design rules and abstract information about the standard cells.
LEF only has the basic information required at that level to serve the purpose of the concerned CAD tool. It helps in saving valuable resources by providing only an abstract view and thus consuming less memory overhead. LEF is used in conjunction with Design Exchange Format (DEF) to represent the complete physical layout of an integrated circuit while it is being designed.
LEF originated by Tangent for their Place and Route (P&R) tools, which were bought by Cadence Design Systems.
# Fossilized affixes in Austronesian languages

Fossilized affixes abound in Austronesian languages.

## Formosan languages

Li and Tsuchida (2009) lists various fossilized reflexes of Proto-Austronesian infixes *-al-, *-aR-, and *-aN- in all major Formosan languages as well as Tagalog and Sundanese. These infixes are not productive in any modern Austronesian language. Their meanings remain elusive, although Li and Tsuchida suggest that *-aN- might mean 'having the sound or quality of', as evidenced in Paiwan and Puyuma. Reid (1994) hypothesizes the meaning of *-aR- to be 'distributive, plural'.
The following table is from Li and Tsuchida (2009:358).
Reflexes of Proto-Austronesian infixes :
| Language | *-al- | *-aR- | *-aN- |
| Thao | -ar- | – | -az- |
| Favorlang | -ar- | – | – |
| Kavalan | -ar-, -aR- | -al-, -ar-, -aR- | -an- |
| Basay | – | -al-, -ar- | -an- |
| Siraya | -ar- | – | -aL- |
| Amis | -al- | -al- | -alh- |
| Saisiyat | -aL- | -aL- | -al- |
| Pazih | -ar- | – | -al- |
| Bunun | -a- | -al- | -an- |
| Paiwan | -al- | -a- | -alj- |
| Puyuma | -aL- | -ar- | -al- |
| Tsou | -r- | -r- | – |
| Kanakanavu | -al- | -ar- | -an- |
| Saaroa | -al- | -ar- | -alh- |
| Atayal | -a- | -ag- | -al- |
| Rukai | -aL- | -ar- | -al- |
| Tagalog | -al-, -a'- | -ag- | -an- |
| Sundanese | – | -ar- | – |

## Bikol language

Malcolm Mintz (1992) analyzed fossilized affixes from Marcos de Lisboa's Vocabulario de la lengua bicol, which was compiled between 1609 and 1613. The Marcos de Lisboa dictionary contains many archaic forms of Bikol no longer found in modern spoken Naga Bikol.
* a-
* aN-
* ali(N)-, li-, ari(N)-
* alu-, aru-
* ati-
* ba-, baN-, -al-
* ba- + ali(N)-, balik-
* hiN-
* mu-, pu-, -um-
* sa-, sa- + ali(N)-, saN-
* taga-, tagu-
* ta-, taN-
* so-, no-
* -imin-

## *kali/qali word forms

According to Blust (2001, 2009), the fossilized morpheme *kali ~ *qali is used in various Austronesian languages to designate objects having a "sensitive connection with the spirit world."
# David Lokonga Moses

David Lokonga Moses has been the governor of Yei River State, South Sudan since 24 December 2015. He is the first governor of the state, which was created by President Salva Kiir on 2 October 2015.
He has served as Commissioner of Yei County, Central Equatoria from 2005 to 2011.
# James Heane (English general)

James Heane (died 1655) was a general serving in the Army of the Commonwealth of England. He was Governor of Jersey (1651–1654). Heane was an ardent Puritan.
On 20 September 1651, the English Council of State appointed Colonel James Heane military commander of a force of 2,200 men commissioned with the task of taking Jersey. The General-at-Sea, Robert Blake, was appointed naval commander with a fleet of twelve warships and a further seventy ancillary ships.
Heane commanded one of the regiments under command of General Robert Venables which took part in the Western Design.$^{:117}$
Heane was killed during the Siege of Santo Domingo in April 1655.
# James Dodds

James Dodds may refer to:
* James Dodds (artist) (born 1957), English artist
* James Dodds (diplomat) (1891–1975), British diplomat
# Daviesia preissii

Daviesia preissii is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a glabrous shrub with scattered, vertically flattened, tapering, narrowly egg-shaped to elliptic, sharply-pointed phyllodes and yellow and red flowers.

## Description

Daviesia preissii is a glabrous shrub, often low and spreading, typically 0.6–1 m (2 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in) high and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) wide. It has dull green, vertically flattened, tapering, narrowly egg-shaped or elliptic phyllodes 10–40 mm (0.39–1.57 in) long and 0.75–5 mm (0.030–0.197 in) wide that diverge from the branchlets at angles of 60–90°. The flowers are usually arranged singly or in pairs in leaf axils on a peduncle 0.5–2.5 mm (0.020–0.098 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) long. The sepals are 3.0–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long with narrowly triangular lobes about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long. The standard petal is broadly elliptic, 7.5–10 mm (0.30–0.39 in) long, 6.5–8 mm (0.26–0.31 in) wide, and yellow with a red tinge near the base. The wings are 7.5–12 mm (0.30–0.47 in) long and red, the keel 8.0–8.5 mm (0.31–0.33 in) long and red. Flowering mainly occurs from December to February and the fruit is a partly flattened, triangular pod 12–21 mm (0.47–0.83 in) long with the remains of the style attached.

## Taxonomy and naming

Daviesia preissii was first formally described in 1844 by Carl Meissner in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae from specimens collected in 1841. The specific epithet (preissii) honours Ludwig Preiss, who collected the type specimens.

## Distribution and habitat

This daviesia grows in open forest or in kwongan heath on the Darling Range and in the far south-west of Western Australia as far east as Albany and the Stirling Range.

## Conservation status

Daviesia preissii is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Franceschetti–Klein syndrome

Franceschetti–Klein syndrome (also known as "mandibulofacial dysostosis") is a syndrome that includes palpebral antimongoloid fissures, hypoplasia of the facial bones, macrostomia, vaulted palate, malformations of both the external and internal ear, buccal-auricular fistula, abnormal development of the neck with stretching of the cheeks, accessory facial fissures, and skeletal deformities.$^{:577}$It is sometimes equated with Treacher Collins syndrome.
# Liesing (Schwechat)

The Liesing, also known as the Liesingbach, is a 30-kilometre-long (19 mi) river, a tributary of the Schwechat, which rises in the Vienna Woods, then flows through the city of Vienna (where the stream gives its name to Liesing, the 23rd district of Vienna) and joins the Schwechat in Lower Austria near the city of Schwechat.
# Ligier JS31

The Ligier JS31 was a Formula One car designed by Michel Têtu and Michel Beaujon for use by the Ligier team in the 1988 Formula One World Championship. The car was powered by the new, normally aspirated, 3.5-litre Judd CV V8 engine and ran on Goodyear tyres. It was driven by French veteran René Arnoux, in his third season with the team, and Swede Stefan Johansson, who joined from McLaren. Johansson joined the team late in the off-season in place of West German Christian Danner, who had originally signed to drive but was unable to fit in the car comfortably.
Many drivers were considered and held discussions with Ligier for the 1988 season. Among them were Philippe Streiff, Olivier Grouillard, Paolo Barilla and Michel Ferté.
The JS31 was the first non-turbo car produced by Ligier since the Cosworth DFV powered JS21 used in the 1983 season and it proved to be very uncompetitive. The car's major failure was a lack of downforce, with Johansson in particular reporting several times during a frustrating season that he had to drive the car as if on a wet track. Johansson, a frequent podium visitor in the previous three seasons, failed to qualify six times and never finished above 9th while seven-time Grand Prix winner Arnoux failed to qualify twice (San Marino and France) and never finished a race higher than 10th. Neither driver qualified for the San Marino Grand Prix, the first time in team history that neither of its cars made the grid.
The French Grand Prix at Paul Ricard proved to be the lowest point of the season for the French team. On the eve of Arnoux's 40th birthday (celebrated the day after the race), neither Arnoux nor Johansson qualified for the team's home Grand Prix, something that did not please the team's owner Guy Ligier.
Ligier did not score a point during 1988, their worst season since 1983, when they also failed to score. On several occasions both Johansson and Arnoux struggled to outqualify the equally uncompetitive EuroBrun. In an effort to optimise the weight distribution of the car, it was designed with an unusual and heavy arrangement of fuel tanks: there were two cells either side of the driver, another between the driver and the engine and a fourth between the engine and gearbox.
Ligier only had both cars qualify for a race on 10 occasions in 1988. On 5 of those occasions both cars failed to finish.

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)
| Year | Team | Engine | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts. | WCC |
| 1988 | Ligier Loto | Judd CV V8 NA | | BRA | SMR | MON | MEX | CAN | DET | FRA | GBR | GER | HUN | BEL | ITA | POR | ESP | JPN | AUS | 0 | NC |
| 1988 | Ligier Loto | Judd CV V8 NA | René Arnoux | Ret | DNQ | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | DNQ | 18 | 17 | Ret | Ret | 13 | 10 | Ret | 17 | Ret | 0 | NC |
| 1988 | Ligier Loto | Judd CV V8 NA | Stefan Johansson | 9 | DNQ | Ret | 10 | Ret | Ret | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | Ret | 11 | DNQ | Ret | Ret | DNQ | 9 | 0 | NC |
# Francis Mezger

Francis Mezger (25 October 1632 – 11 December 1701) was an Austrian Benedictine academic and writer, of St. Peter's Archabbey, Salzburg.

## Life

Mezger was born at Ingolstadt. He took vows in 1651, and was ordained priest in 1657. He taught philosophy at the University of Salzburg in 1659, and became regent of the convictus and secretary of the university in 1661. He taught philosophy again from 1663 to 1665; and then moral theology until 1668.
From 1669 to 1688 he taught various branches at the Bavarian monastery of Ettal and at his own monastery. From 1688 until his death he was master of novices and director of clerics at his monastery. He died at Salzburg.
He wrote the following philosophical treatises:
* "Philosophia rationalis rationibus explicata" (Salzburg, 1660);
* "Anima rationibus philosophicis animata et explicata" (ib., 1661);
* "Philosophia naturals rationibus naturalibus elucidata" (ib., 1661);
* "Manuale philosophicum" (ib., 1665);
* "Homomicrocosmus" (ib., 1665).
The following are some of his translations:
* "Philosophia sacra" (ib., 1678), from the French of the Parisian Capuchin Ivo;
* "Heiliges Benediktiner-Jahr" (2 volumes, Munich 1690), from the Latin;
* "Dioptra politices religiosæ" (Salzburg, 1694), and "Exercitia spiritualia" (ib., 1693), both from the French of the Maurist Joachim le Contat;
* "Succinctæ meditationes christianæ" (4 vols., ib., 1695), from the French of the Maurist Claude Martin;
* "Via regia studiosæ juventutis ad veram sapientiam" (Frankfort, 1699), from the Italian; and a few others.
# Daşlıyataq

41°18′N 48°44′E﻿ / ﻿41.300°N 48.733°E﻿ / 41.300; 48.733
Daşlıyataq (also, Dashlyyatag) is a village in the Davachi Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Günəşli.
# Daviesia triflora

Daviesia triflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to South West Australia. It is a rush-like, leafless shrub with many stems, and orange-yellow and dark flowers.

## Description

Daviesia triflora is a rush-like shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 60 cm (24 in) and has many stems, its phyllodes reduced to small scales. The flowers are usually arranged in a cluster of three in leaf axils on a peduncle about 2 mm (0.079 in) long, the about rachis 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long. The sepals are 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.138 in) long and joined to form a bell-shaped base with five lobes. The upper two lobes are joined for most of their length and the lower three are about 1 mm (0.039 in) long. The standard petal is broadly egg-shaped, 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long and 7.5–8.0 mm (0.30–0.31 in) wide, and yellow or yellow-orange and dark red. The wings are 6.0–6.5 mm (0.24–0.26 in) long and dark red, the keel 5.0–5.5 mm (0.20–0.22 in) long and dark red. Flowering occurs from May to September and the fruit is a flattened triangular pod 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Daviesia triflora was first formally described in 1984 by Michael Crisp from specimens collected by Charles Chapman near the junction of the Green Head road and the Brand Highway in 1976. The specific epithet (triflora) means "three-flowered".

## Distribution and habitat

This daviesia usually grows on sandy soil in heath or open forest and occurs from near Mullewa to Perth in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Daviesia triflora is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Davis–Putnam algorithm

In logic and computer science, the Davis–Putnam algorithm was developed by Martin Davis and Hilary Putnam for checking the validity of a first-order logic formula using a resolution-based decision procedure for propositional logic. Since the set of valid first-order formulas is recursively enumerable but not recursive, there exists no general algorithm to solve this problem. Therefore, the Davis–Putnam algorithm only terminates on valid formulas. Today, the term "Davis–Putnam algorithm" is often used synonymously with the resolution-based propositional decision procedure (Davis–Putnam procedure) that is actually only one of the steps of the original algorithm.

## Overview

The procedure is based on Herbrand's theorem, which implies that an unsatisfiable formula has an unsatisfiable ground instance, and on the fact that a formula is valid if and only if its negation is unsatisfiable. Taken together, these facts imply that to prove the validity of φ it is enough to prove that a ground instance of ¬φ is unsatisfiable. If φ is not valid, then the search for an unsatisfiable ground instance will not terminate.
The procedure for checking validity of a formula φ roughly consists of these three parts:
* put the formula ¬φ in prenex form and eliminate quantifiers
* generate all propositional ground instances, one by one
* check if each instance is satisfiable.
** If some instance is unsatisfiable, then return that φ is valid. Else continue checking.
The last part is a SAT solver based on resolution (as seen on the illustration), with an eager use of unit propagation and pure literal elimination (elimination of clauses with variables that occur only positively or only negatively in the formula).
* "←" denotes assignment. For instance, "largest ← item" means that the value of largest changes to the value of item.
* "return" terminates the algorithm and outputs the following value.
At each step of the SAT solver, the intermediate formula generated is equisatisfiable, but possibly not equivalent, to the original formula. The resolution step leads to a worst-case exponential blow-up in the size of the formula.
The Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland algorithm is a 1962 refinement of the propositional satisfiability step of the Davis–Putnam procedure which requires only a linear amount of memory in the worst case. It eschews the resolution for the splitting rule: a backtracking algorithm that chooses a literal l, and then recursively checks if a simplified formula with l assigned a true value is satisfiable or if a simplified formula with l assigned false is. It still forms the basis for today's (as of 2015) most efficient complete SAT solvers.
# James B. Hammond

James Bartlett Hammond (April 23, 1839 – January 27, 1913) was an American journalist, inventor, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.

## Biography

Born in South Boston, Hammond was a student at Boston Latin School and Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1861.
During the American Civil War, he was a war correspondent for the New York Tribune. During and after the war, he attended Union Theological Seminary, graduating in 1865. He studied at the University of Halle from 1865 to 1866.
   Turning his attention to mechanical improvements, in 1880 he invented one of the first typewriting machines that was built on scientific principles and with a true alignment. In 1884 the typewriter was placed on the market, and its manufacture netted him a large fortune.
The Hammond Typewriter won for its inventor the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1890.
Hammond married Jeannette Maxwell on September 15, 1897 in Boston. He died in 1913 aboard his yacht near St. Augustine, Florida. He was estranged from his wife at the time of his death, and his will left his patents to Manhattan's Metropolitan Museum of Art.
# Davulga, Hocalar

Davulga is a village in the Hocalar District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 557 (2021).
# Life's a Bitch (song)

"Life's a Bitch" is a song by American rapper Nas, released by Columbia Records on April 19, 1994 as the third single from his debut studio album, Illmatic (1994). Issued as a 12" single, it features guest vocals from AZ and a cornet performance from Nas' father Olu Dara.
The song's producer, L.E.S., sampled the songs "Yearning for Your Love" by the Gap Band and "Black Frost" by Grover Washington, Jr. for its instrumental. AZ's verse was the first of his to be recorded in his career. "Life's a Bitch" has been sampled in other hip hop songs on several occasions, including the singles "YSIV" by Logic (2018), "Keep It Real" by Miilkbone (1995), and "Carry On" by Statik Selektah featuring Joey Bada$$ (2014).

## Music

Olu Dara's cornet work was the first on-wax collaboration with his son. "Jungle Jay" and "Dance" eventually followed, as did the 2004 single "Bridging the Gap". According to Nas:
   "I asked my dad to play on the end of it — I told him to play whatever comes to mind when he thinks of me as a kid. I think he's really proud to see me coming up and really taking my life serious and doing what I want."

## Lyricism

Nas's verse discusses how he is happy to be alive at 20 years old, his rough childhood, consisting of "robbing foreigners" of their green cards, and selling crack. However, the tone of his words suggest that he is reflecting rather than glorifying his deeds, and now has a more positive outlook on life.

## Thematic continuation

The song's title and concept was later mentioned in Nas' verse on the collaboration track "Affirmative Action" off his 1996 album It Was Written in which Nas raps "Life's a bitch but god-forbid the bitch divorce me". This track also featured AZ along with fellow Queensbridge rapper Cormega, Park Slope and Brooklyn rapper Foxy Brown.

## In popular culture

In the 2009 film Fish Tank by Andrea Arnold, the song is played in one of the final scenes, bringing thematic closure to the narrative. It is also played as the closing credits roll.

## Track listing
### A-side

* "Life's a Bitch (Radio Edit)" (3:37)
* "Life's a Bitch (Main Mix)" (3:29)
* "Life's a Bitch (Instrumental)" (3:29)

### B-side

* "Life's a Bitch (Arsenal Radio Edit)" (3:31)
* "Life's a Bitch (Arsenal Mix)" (3:31)
* "Life's a Bitch (Arsenal Instrumental)" (3:35)
# Fox Portland

Fox Portland may refer to:
* KPTV, Fox television station in Portland, Oregon
* WPFO, Fox television station in Portland, Maine
# James Flowers

James Flowers may refer to:
* James Clayton Flowers (born 1915), member of the Tuskegee Airmen
* J. Christopher Flowers, American private equity investor and investment manager
# Francesco Cornaro (1547–1598)

Francesco Cornaro, iuniore (1547–1598) was a Roman Catholic cardinal who served as Bishop of Treviso (1577–1595).

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of:
* Alvise Cornaro (bishop), Titular Bishop of Paphus and Coadjutor Bishop of Padua (1589);
and the principal co-consecrator of:
* Gianfrancesco Morosini, Bishop of Brescia (1585);
* Antonio Grimani, Bishop of Torcello (1587);
* Alessandro Centurione, Archbishop of Genoa (1591)
* Marco Cornaro (bishop), Bishop of Padua (1594); and
* Camillo Borghese, Bishop of Jesi (1597).
# Lilaste Station

Lilaste Station is a railway station on the Zemitāni–Skulte Railway in Latvia. It is located on the outskirts of the village of Lilaste in Carnikava Parish, Ādaži Municipality, 37.2 kilometres (23.1 mi) from Zemitāni. It has a double-track line to Carnikava and a single-track line to Saulkrasti.