OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya

Faculty of Science is one of the eight faculties in University of Peradeniya. It was established as the second Faculty of Science in Sri Lanka in 1961.

## Overview

Faculty of Science is situated about half a kilometre from the Galaha Junction, Peradeniya. Faculty consists of 110 academic and 120 non-academic staff.

## Degree Programs

The Faculty of Science offer undergraduate level programmes that leads to Bachelor of Science (BSc) and Bachelor of Science Honours (BSc (Hons)) degrees. It also offer postgraduate programmes leading to Master of Science (MSc), Master of Philosophy (MPhil), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees and postgraduate diplomas. Postgraduate programmes are conducted by the Postgraduate Institute of Science (PGIS), which can be considered as the postgraduate arm of the Faculty of Science.

### Undergraduate Degree Programs

Source:
The Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree is a 3 academic-year (1 academic year = 2 semesters) study programme. The principal subject areas offered for Bachelor of Science study programme are
* Biology
* Botany
* Chemistry
* Computer Science
* Geology
* Mathematics
* Molecular Biology & Biotechnology
* Physics
* Statistics
* Zoology
The Bachelor of Science Honours (BSc (Hons)) degree is a 4 academic-year study programme. The subjects areas offered for Bachelor of Science Honours study programme are
* Biology
* Botany
* Zoology
* Chemistry
* Computer Science
* Environmental Science
* Geology
* Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
* Mathematics
* Physics
* Statistics
* Data Science
* Biomedical Science
* Microbiology
The following 4 academic-year study programmes in the following subject areas are also offered
* Statistics and Operational Research leading to Bachelor of Science Honours in Statistics and Operational Research.
* Computation and Management leading to Bachelor of Science Honours in Computation and Management. This study programme is no longer offered.
Additionally, a 4 academic-year study programme leading to Bachelor of Science Honours in Applied Science degree is also offered. The subjects areas this programme is based on are
* Biology
* Geology
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Physics
* Statistics/Computer Science

## Departments and institutions

The faculty consists of nine departments, six units, a separate library and the Postgraduate Institute of Science (PGIS).

### Departments of the Faculty of Science

* Department of Botany
* Department of Chemistry
* Department of Geology
* Department of Mathematics
* Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-technology
* Department of Physics
* Department of Statistics and Computer Science
* Department of Zoology
* Department of Environmental and Industrial Sciences
# Irish Abroad Unit

The Irish Abroad Unit was established in 2004 following an announcement by Brian Cowen TD, then Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Irish Abroad Unit is a dedicated Unit within the Department of Foreign Affairs and coordinates the provision of services to Irish emigrants across the globe and administers financial support to organizations in the voluntary sector engaged in the delivery of services to Irish emigrants.
Grants are extended to groups in the voluntary sector who provide advice and support to Irish people abroad, particularly those that help migrants access their rights and entitlements in their host countries. Priority is given to organizations that support the most vulnerable and marginalized, such as the older Irish community in Great Britain and undocumented Irish in the United States. Smaller grants have also been allocated to Irish groups in Australia, Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, Singapore, France and Mexico as well as to a number of organizations in Ireland who provide pre-departure information and also advice to those emigrants who may be considering returning to Ireland. In 2007, the Irish Abroad Unit awarded grants of €14.165 million to organizations in eleven different countries.
Following increases in funding, the program has expanded to include a number of capital projects, as well as culture and heritage projects that support community networks and build on the interest of citizens abroad in their Irish heritage.
In general, recipients of Emigrant Services funding are Irish community organizations who have a functioning board of management, show clear objectives and have an accounting framework in place. The payment of grants to individual Irish citizens’ resident abroad is beyond the remit of the Irish Abroad Unit.
# Cucumispora dikerogammari

The microsporidian Cucumispora dikerogammari is a parasitic fungal species that infects the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus. The first recorded evidence of Cucumispora dikerogammari was, as cited by Ovcharenko and Vita, in Germany, circa 1895, by Dr. L. Pfeiffer in the Dnieper Estuary. The Dnieper Estuary and lower parts of the Danube River are considered to be the parasite’s native range. As its host, D. villosus, began to invade novel habitats, C. dikerogammari followed, and has now expanded its range to be found in many of the main bodies of water in Central and Western Europe. At this time, only limited research has been conducted regarding the ecological implications of C. dikerogammari spreading beyond its native range. However, there is evidence to suggest that C. dikerogammari may cause imbalance to the male/female sex ratio of its host D. villosus.

## Classification

Toward the broader end of its classification, C. dikerogammari falls within the phylum Microspora. Characteristics of phylum Microspora include a relictual mitochondrial structure and a complex life cycle involving both horizontal and vertical transmission. These characteristics suggest a host organism is necessary to sustain life and allow for reproduction of Microsporidia. The parasite was originally classified as Nosema dikerogammari. Through phenotypic, molecular, phylogenic, and host compatibility experiments, evidence has led to the reclassification of Nosema dikerogammari within the novel genus Cucumispora. Characteristics that define both genus Cucumispora and Nosema are diplokaryotic development and disporoblastic sporogony. Ovcharenko instated the novel genus Cucumispora to describe the presence a specific anterior structure to aid in attachment to a susceptible host, specific arrangements of isofilar polar filaments, substantial diplokaryon, and vacuole structure. These traits are unique to Cucumispora, and serve to differentiate it from Nosema.

## Host

Several microsporidian parasites are known to infect Dikerogammarus villosus. C. dikerogammari reduces the survival rate in its hosts during the later stages of infection, leading them to reproduce earlier.
# Cruz del Sur pipeline

Cruz del Sur pipeline is a natural gas pipeline linking Buenos Aires in Argentina with Colonia del Sacramento and Montevideo in Uruguay.

## History

Construction of the pipeline started in March 2001. The pipeline was completed in November 2002 and it was inaugurated by the presidents of Uruguay and Argentina, Jorge Batlle Ibáñez and Eduardo Duhalde on 29 November 2002 in Montevideo.

## Technical description

The pipeline is 215-kilometre (134 mi) long and it has capacity of 1.8 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year. It cost US$150 millions.
The offshore section between Punta Lara (Argentina) and Santa Ana (Uruguay) across of the River Plate, is 57-kilometre (35 mi) long. It has a diameter of 24 inches (610 mm) and a maximum pressure of 95 bars (9,500 kPa). The Uruguayan section is 145-kilometre (90 mi) long and has a maximum pressure of 80 bars (8,000 kPa).
The pipeline is supplied from the gas fields in the Neuquén Basin.

## Operator

It operated by Gasoducto Cruz del Sur S.A. and owned by consortium of BG Group (40%), Pan American Energy (30%), ANCAP (20%) and Wintershall Dea (10%).

## Proposed expansion

There is a proposal to prolong the pipeline to southern Brazil. The spur line would start in Colonia, Uruguay, and end in Porto Alegre, Brazil. 415 kilometres (258 mi) would be laid in Uruguay and 505 kilometres (314 mi) in Brazil. In Rio Grande do Sul, it would be linked with the GASBOL pipeline.
# Lakes State Legislative Assembly

The Lakes State Legislative Assembly (LSLA) is the legislative assembly of Lakes state in South Sudan. The body is composed of 48 Members of Parliament; 29 representing geographic constituencies, 12 elected from women's list and 7 elected from party list. The assembly is based in the state capital Rumbek. Elections to LSLA was held in 2010, in which 46 Sudan People's Liberation Movement candidates were elected and two independents.
As of February 2012, John Marik Makur is the speaker of the Lakes State Legislative Assembly. As of March 2012, Enock Nhail Cahoc serves as the deputy speaker of LSLA.
# Cryptocephalus umbonatus

Cryptocephalus umbonatus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Lakum

Lakum is a village in Shwegu Township in Bhamo District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma. In 1901 it had a population of 69, all of whom spoke the Kachin language and were illiterate in Kachin and animists.
# Family Affair (The Bear Quartet album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Family Affair is an alternative indie-rock album by the Bear Quartet, A Norwegian band, released in 1993.

## Track listing

* "Carsick" – 3:35
* "Big Stretch" – 2:42
* "Revisited" – 3:37
* "Slope Goings" – 1:30
* "Who's Knocking" – 2:32
* "Left on the Bank of the River" – 3:29
* "Smallest" – 2:16
* "Boss Dawn" – 1:26
* "Cross Yawn" – 0:52
* "Twinreceiver" – 4:22
* This 1990s rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Curator's House

The Curator's House is a historic building in the Christchurch Botanic Garden, in Christchurch, New Zealand. It was built for the Curator of the Botanic Gardens in 1920 and it is now home to a restaurant, called The Curator's House.

## History

On the same site as the present Curator's House, a single-storey timber building was constructed in 1872 for the Christchurch Domain Curator, John Armstrong. By 1919, the original wooden building was in poor condition and the current Curator's House was built in its place in 1920. The Architectural firm Collins and Harman were employed in 1919 to design a two storied brick house with a slate roof. It was finished in 1920 and the house was the residence for the curators of the Botanic Gardens up until 1984. In 2000 it was renovated into a restaurant.

### Heritage registration

The building was registered as a heritage building by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust on 26 November 1981 with registration number 1863 classified as Category II listing. The Christchurch City Council also lists the Curator's House as a Heritage Place for its "high historical and social significance for its association with the development and history of the Christchurch Botanic Gardens".
# Famureuta

Famureuta (ファムレウタ～子守唄～, Yaeyama: Fāmurēuta "lullaby") is Rimi Natsukawa's second EP, released on October 22, 2003 (2003-10-22). It consists solely of recordings on lullabies. It is her second EP that solely features cover songs.

## Background

The title comes from the song "Famureuta" (ファムレウタ（子守唄）, Lullaby), which featured on Natsukawa's debut album "Tida: Tida Kaji nu Umui." The album was preceded with the single "Warabigami (Yamatoguchi)" (童神～ヤマトグチ～, Little God), a standard Japanese version of the Misako Koja song she covered on her 2002 EP "Minamikaze." "Famureuta" featured as the B-side of this single. The version of "Warabigami" appearing on the single is not on the album, however, a re-arranged duet version with Misako Koja appears instead.

## Song sources

The songs are lullabies from around Asia. "Warabigami" and "Famureuta" are songs released by Okinawan musicians (Misako Koja, Parsha Club). Two are lullabies from other regions of Japan ("Chūgoku Chihō no Komoriuta," "Shimabara no Komoriuta"). The Chūgoku one is traditional, while the Shimabara one was written by Kohei Miyazaki (宮崎康平) in the 1950s (popularised by enka singer Chiyoko Shimakura).
"Māmāhō" is a cover of "Mama Hao (媽媽好 Mama's the Best)," a song sung by Josephine Siao in the 1960 Chinese film Kuer Liulang Ji (苦兒流浪記, No Body's Child). "Ten no Komoriuta" is a cover of Mongolian singer Oyunaa's debut Japanese single of the same name, released in 1990. "Chājanga" is a cover of Jajangga (자장가 Lullaby), a traditional Korean lullaby.

## Track listing

All songs arranged by Seiichi Kyōda.

## Japan sales rankings

| Release | Chart | Peak position | First week sales | Sales total |
| October 22, 2003 (2003-10-22) | Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 25 | 9,535 | 44,783 |
# Faure Islands

The Faure Islands (68° 06' S, 68° 52' W) are an archipelago west of Palmer Land in Antarctica.
# Javelin fish

Javelin fish, javelinfish, or javelin, may refer to several fishes:

## Primarily

* Coelorinchus australis, the javelin fish, javelinfish, a species of fish found around Australia and New Zealand
* Thorntooth grenadier (Lepidorhynchus denticulatus), the javelin fish, a species of fish found around Australia and New Zealand
* Lighthouse lizardfish (Synodus jaculum), the javelinfish, a species of lizardfish that lives mainly in the Indo-Pacific

## Other fish

* Bathylychnops exilis, the javelin spookfish, a species of barreleye found in the northern Pacific and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean near the Azores
* Dipturus doutrei, the javelin skate; see List of data deficient fishes
* Pomadasys kaakan, the javelin grunter, a species of marine ray-finned fish found in the Indian and Pacific
* Synechogobius hasta [ko], the javelin goby; see List of freshwater fishes of Korea
# Kerstin Preiwuß

Kerstin Preiwuß (born 21 November 1980 in Lübz, Germany) is a German writer and arts journalist.

## Life and work

Preiwuß was raised in Plau am See and in Rostock. She studied German studies, philosophy and psychology in Leipzig and Aix-en-Provence. Her doctoral thesis dealt with German-Polish toponyms. Preiwuß also holds a degree from the German Institute for Literature where she currently teaches alongside Ulrike Draesner and Michael Lentz as a professor and acts as head of the institute. Between 2010 and 2012, she was co-editor of the Leipzig based literary magazine Edit where she published literature rewiews.
Mainly, Preiwuß writes poetry and novels. For her work she has received numerous awards. She also translates poetry, teaches creative writing and is a visiting lecturer at different universities.
She is a member of the PEN Centre Germany and of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung.
Preiwuß lives with her family in Leipzig.

## Critical reception

The poetry collection Rede (speech) has received a recommendation by Monika Rinck in the context of the poetry recommendations of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, the foundation Lyrik Kabinett Munich and the Haus für Poesie (House for Poetry) Berlin in 2013.

## Honours

* 2008 Hermann Lenz scholarship
* 2009 Art residency at the Künstlerhaus Lukas in Reykjavík
* 2010 Scholarship of the Deutscher Literaturfonds
* 2012 Mondsee Poetry Prize
* 2014 Invitation by Meike Feßmann to the 38th Festival of German-Language Literature
* 2017 Nominated for the German Book Prize for Nach Onkalo (After Onkalo) (Longlist)
* 2018 Merano Poetry Prize
* 2018 Eichendorff Literature Prize
* 2020 Anke Bennholdt-Thomsen Poetry Prize of the Deutsche Schillerstiftung

## Publications

* Nachricht von neuen Sternen. Gedichte, Connewitzer Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-937799-21-4
* Rede. Gedichte, Suhrkamp, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-518-12648-6
* Ortsnamen in Zeit, Raum und Kultur – die Städte Allenstein/Olsztyn und Breslau/Wrocław. Frank & Timme, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86596-368-0
* Restwärme. Roman, Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8270-1231-9
* Gespür für Licht. Gedichte, Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-8270-1301-9
* Nach Onkalo. Roman, Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-827013-14-9
* Das Komma und das Und. Eine Liebeserklärung an die Sprache. Dudenverlag, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-411748-42-6
* Taupunkt. Gedichte, Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2020, ISBN 978-3-8270-1410-8
* Heute ist mitten in der Nacht, Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-8270-1465-8
# Gbefi

Gbefi is a village in Kpando Municipal district, a district in the Volta Region of Ghana.
# Juhani Wallenius

Juhani Wallenius (7 February 1956 – 27 February 2014) was a Finnish ice hockey forward who mainly played for Rauman Lukko.
In Finland, Wallenius played in the SM-Liiga (Finnish Elite League) and SM-sarja (Finnish Championship Series). He was selected by the St. Louis Blues in the 1976 NHL Amateur Draft, and the Phoenix Roadrunners in the 1976 WHA Amateur Draft, but never moved to North America.

## Career

Wallenius played 330 games in Liiga and put up 305 points, he is considered as a cult player for Lukko.
# K9s for Warriors

K9s For Warriors is an American charity and veterans service organization that provides service dogs to veterans. The organization trains rescue dogs to help veterans coping with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury, military sexual trauma, post-9/11 issues and other psychological challenges associated with military service.

## History

K9s For Warriors was founded in 2011 by Shari Duval who was inspired by her son, Brett Simon, a contractor who returned from two tours in Iraq and developed severe post-traumatic stress.

## Program

K9s For Warriors evaluates and trains rescued dogs before providing them to veterans as service dogs for no charge. The organization accommodates veterans during a three-week live-in program to facilitate bonding with a trained dog, following which the veterans are sent home along with their service dog. As of January 2019, K9s For Warriors has graduated 500 veteran-canine teams. The organization claims that 95% of dogs used in the program are rescues, with the other 5% coming from breeders or being surrendered by owners. In 2018, the organization opened its second training facility near Gainesville, Florida, named the Gold Family Campus.

## Media coverage

There are many success stories of K9s For Warriors program beneficiaries. K9s For Warriors has been covered extensively in mainstream media.
In November 2015, New Orleans Saints head coach Sean Payton was nominated for the NFL's "Salute to Service" award for his work with K9s for Warriors.
Supermodel Kate Upton and husband Justin Verlander, an MLB player, have held fundraising events for K9s For Warriors and the SPCA. In 2017, it was covered by People magazine.
A documentary available to the public was released on a small scale in New York City in 2018. The documentary is called A New Leash on Life: The K9s For Warriors Story and was covered by FOX & Friends. It was produced by Emmy award-winning director Nick Nanton. The documentary was presented at the Suncoast Region Emmy awards where it won four Emmys for Direction, Editing, Photography and Documentary. Shari received the highest award the Daughters of the American Revolution presents, the Americanism Medal of Honor, at Continental Congress in June 2019.

## Scientific Studies

In 2015, K9s For Warriors entered into a partnership with Purdue University. The goal was to verify scientifically that service dogs are an effective treatment for veterans with PTSD. The study is one of the first published research studies to define the biobehavioral effects of service dogs on veterans with PTSD. This research found that compared to those on the waitlist, military veterans with a PTSD service dog reported lower PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression as well as better social functioning, better sleep, and less anger. Currently, a large-scale clinical trial is underway at the National Institutes of Health to further study the efficacy of service dogs for veterans with PTSD. The length of the trial allows for a better understanding of the interrelationships between psychological and behavioral processes, PTSD symptoms and service dogs.
# Dermoepidermal junction

The dermoepidermal junction or dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) is the interface between the epidermal and the dermal layers of the skin. The basal cells of the epidermis connect to the basement membrane by the anchoring filaments of hemidesmosomes; the cells of the papillary layer of the dermis are attached to the basement membrane by anchoring fibrils, which consist of type VII collagen.

## Clinical significance

* Interface dermatitis includes conditions which primarily involve the dermoepidermal junction.
* Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are diseases where there is a breakdown of the dermoepidermal junction.
# Leivaditis

Leivaditis, Λειβαδίτης is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Tasos Leivaditis (1922–1988), Greek poet
* Thanos Leivaditis (1934–2005), Greek actor and screenwriter
# Javelin dinghy

The Javelin, also called the Javelin 14 and O'Day Javelin is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by Uffa Fox as a one-design racer and first built in 1960.

## Production

The design was built by O'Day Corp. in the United States. The company produced 5100 examples of the design, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The Javelin is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig with anodized aluminum spars, a nearly plumb stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung, kick-up rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable centerboard. The hull alone displaces 475 lb (215 kg) and carries 49 lb (22 kg) of galvanized steel ballast. A fixed keel model was produced in small numbers and carries 195 lb (88 kg) of iron ballast.
The boat has a draft of 3.83 ft (1.17 m) with the centerboard extended and 6 in (15 cm) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer. The fixed keel model has a draft of 2.00 ft (0.61 m).
The boat may be fitted with a small outboard motor up to 8 hp (6 kW) for docking and maneuvering.
The design is equipped with a lockable storage compartment in the bow and gear lockers under the seats.
The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 111.8.

## Operational history

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood described the design as, "a beamy, stable small day sailer. Javelin has an unusually large (nine-foot) cockpit, a gear locker under the seats, and a lockable storage compartment under the deck. She is self-bailing and self-rescuing. The transom is reinforced to take outboards up to eight horsepower."
# Cubic ton

The cubic ton is a measure of volume. It is considered obsolete in the United Kingdom and is now used primarily in the United States.

## Definitions

A mass-derived unit of volume is defined by reference to the density of some material. One common such material is water, used in multiple units. For the cubic ton, the situation is more complex—there are different cubic tons for different materials.
The 1964 Reader's Digest Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary gave the following ton-derived volumes:
* Timber, 40 cubic feet or 480.0 bd ft or 1.133 m$^3$
* Stone, 16 cubic feet (0.453 m$^3$)
* Salt, 42 US bushels (1.480 m$^3$)
* Lime, 40 US bushels (1.410 m$^3$)
* Coke, 28 US bushels (0.99 m$^3$)
* Wheat, 20 US bushels (0.705 m$^3$)
The nearest thing to a standard cubic ton seems to be the "timber" cubic ton (40 cubic feet or 1.133 cubic metres) which is used by freight transport operators in the US.

## Conversions

Converting cubic tons (i.e., volumes) to measures of weight presents difficulties because organic materials such as timber vary in density.
Approximate volume conversions, based on a timber cubic ton of 40 cubic feet:
* 1 ton (40 cubic feet) = 1.133 cubic metres
* 1 cubic metre = 0.883 cubic tons (35.32 cubic feet)