OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sistema Cantareira

Sistema Cantareira (Cantareira system) is a water supply system in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is composed of five interconnected reservoirs that provide water to 9 million people in the São Paulo metropolitan area. The system is managed by Sabesp, São Paulo's state water management company.

## History

By 1960, the São Paulo state government, concerned about the high population growth of the city of São Paulo and neighboring towns, whose population has totaled 4.8 million inhabitants, decided to enhance the water supply of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, planning the construction of several reservoirs in the headwaters of Piracicaba River basin, thus beginning the Cantareira System.
In 1966, work began on the construction of reservoirs on the Juqueri River (today Paiva Castro), Cachoeira, and Atibainha. In 1976, the Jacarei and Jaguari reservoirs were started by adding a capacity of 22,000 liters, second to the system.

## 2014–17 water crisis

In 2014, low rainfall in the state of São Paulo led to a severe drought. The Cantareira system's water level has fallen constantly, leading to water shortages in some areas of the city. Among the measures taken by Sabesp to face the problem are reducing the water pressure to residences, a bonus for customers who save water, and exploring the reservoir's ground water.
With the lack of rain after November 2014, a severe drought situation developed. By February 2015, only 6% of Cantareira's capacity was filled.
# Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging

The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, formerly the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London (incorporating the Leopold Muller Functional Imaging Laboratory and the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience) is an interdisciplinary centre for neuroimaging research based in London, United Kingdom.
Principal investigators working at the Centre include Professors Ray Dolan, Jon Driver, Richard Frackowiak, Chris Frith, Karl Friston, Eleanor Maguire, Cathy Price, and Geraint Rees. The Centre is located in Queen Square in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, adjacent to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery.

## History

'The Functional Imaging Laboratory (FIL)', was founded in 1994 following a major grant award from the Wellcome Trust. This provided for a new building, capital equipment and core staff support. The award enabled a core group of scientists, based at the Medical Research Council Cyclotron Unit, at the Hammersmith Hospital to relocate their activity to a central London site, within UCL.
In 1994 the principal neuroimaging research tool was positron emission tomography (PET). Over the next decade functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) became the primary investigative tool of the FIL, leading to PET decommissioning in 2004. Currently, the investigative tools of the laboratory include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) magneto-encephalography (MEG) and electro-encephalography (EEG). The laboratory has continued to enjoy core Wellcome Trust infrastructure support through major grant awards in 1999 and 2004.
In 2006, following a successful bid for a Strategic Award the laboratory was awarded Wellcome Trust Centre status, and is now known as the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL.
# Charles Jenkins Laboratories

Charles Jenkins Laboratories was founded in by Charles Francis Jenkins, developer of the Phantoscope, the first commercial tv station W3XK and the first commercial television company.

## History

Charles Francis Jenkins in 1890 moved to Washington D.C. to work as an Steganographer, then he experimented with motion pictures and in 1890 developed a movie projector called the Phantoscope, the laboratory was created years after it.

## Transmission of Pictures over Wireless

In March 13, 1922 Charles Jenkins filed the U.S. patent No. 1,544,156 for Transmition of Pictures over Wireless, it was granted on June 30, 1925.

## W3XK, the first commercial TV station in the US

In 1928 Charles Jenkins was granted the first commercial television license in the United States and In July 2, 1928 Jenkins Television Corporation started to operate W3XK, the first TV station. first aired from Jenkins Labs in Washington and from 1929 on from Wheaton, Maryland, five nights a week. At first, the station could only send silhouette images due to its narrow bandwidth, but that was soon rectified and real black-and-white images were transmitted.

## Jenkins Television Corporation

In December 1928, Charles Jenkins founded in New Jersey the Jenkins Television Corporation to produce and manufacture Radiovisors. In March 1932, Jenkins Television Corporation was liquidated and its assets acquired by Lee de Forest Radio Corporation. Within months, the De Forest company went bankrupt and the assets were bought by RCA stopping all work on electromechanical television.

## W2XCR

The Laboratories also operated experimental station W2XCR, it operated a Jenkins mechanical scanner through the experimental transmitter, W2XCR. The station broadcast using both 48-line, 15 frame/s, and 60-line, 20 frame/s standards during 1931.

## Closure

Charles Jenkins Laboratories closed after Mr. Jenkins died in 1934.
# Slabtown, Virginia

Slabtown is an unincorporated community in Lancaster County in the U. S. state of Virginia.
# Slap, Sevnica

Slap (pronounced) is a small settlement above the left bank of the Sava River north of Loka pri Zidanem Mostu in the Municipality of Sevnica in east-central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
# Charles L. Webster

Charles Luther Webster (September 24, 1851 – April 28, 1891) served as Mark Twain's business manager and was eventually installed as the head of Twain's publishing company, Charles L. Webster and Co., named for Webster.
Webster was born in Charlotte, New York in 1851 and married Annie Moffett, Mark Twain's niece, in 1875. The following year, Annie gave birth to a daughter, Alice Jane Chandler Webster.
In 1881, Twain hired Webster to oversee the development of Twain's investments for the Kaolatype process for making engraved printing plates. When Twain decided to start his own publishing company in 1884, he hired Webster to head the company and named it after him, promoting him to full partner in March 1885. Twain came to feel Webster was incompetent and removed him from the company in 1888, while retaining Webster's name. In his autobiography, Twain described Webster as "one of the most assful persons I have ever met–perhaps the most assful." In a letter to Twain's brother, Orion Clemens, he wrote that he never hated anyone as much as he hated Webster. Webster's son, Samuel Charles Webster, published the book Mark Twain, Business Man in 1946 to rehabilitate his father's reputation.
Webster died in Fredonia, New York on April 28, 1891.
# Charles Wedemeyer

Charles A. Wedemeyer (1911–1999) was a pioneer in the field of independent and distance learning. He challenged university administrators to expand access and opportunity to autonomous learners. "Educational change is evolutionary, and its tempo is glacial," he wrote.

## Early years

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1911, to parents of modest means, Charles Wedemeyer developed a sense of excitement for what he described as “self-initiated” learning. His parents, Adrian August Wedemeyer and Laura Marie Marks Wedemeyer strived to provide books and magazines and an environment conducive to learning. An avid reader, the young Wedemeyer made great use of his local library in his quest for knowledge.[2] He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Education with a major in English, later pursuing a master's degree in English, both from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Northwestern University. As a young educator, he taught English and Science to disadvantaged youth. It was at that time that he began to formulate his progressive ideas on extending educational opportunities as integral to the democratic project.

## Career

   What non-traditional learning does not need is anything that would diminish the freedom of choice, autonomy and independence that has kept this kind of learning vital, practical, resourceful, innovative, and humane from the beginning of this century.
—Charles Wedemeyer
Timeline :
| Year | Event |
| 1930s | English teacher—used WHA radio to expand access |
| 1942-1946 | Naval instructor WWII |
| 1954-1964 | Director University of Wisconsin’s Correspondence Study Program |
| 1958 | USAFI contract for course development for 250,000 service men and women |
| 1961 | Ford Foundation grant to study correspondence schools in Europe |
| 1961 | Chair Committee on Criteria and Standards (NUEA); Kellogg Fellow UK |
| 1963 | Criteria and Standards document — endorsement of 86 university-sponsored institutions |
| 1963-1966 | Brandenburg Memorial Essays on Correspondence Instruction |
| 1965 | Carnegie Corporation AIM grant |
| 1966 | World Trends in Correspondence Education |
| 1967 | William H. Lighty professorship in Education |
| 1968-1971 | Governor's Task Force on Open Learning |
| 1969-1973 | UK Open Univ; ICCE/ICDE President; Institute on Independent Study |
| 1969-1976 | Research organisation EDSAT |
| 1972 | UNESCO Consultant at HSI University Ethiopia |
| 1975 | Doctorate Honoris Causa British Open University |

## 1954-1964

Wedemeyer considered that "independent study in the American context is generic for a range of teaching-learning activities that sometimes go by separate names (correspondence study, open education, radio-television teaching, individualised learning)."
A lifelong advocate for independent learning, his best known project was the Articulated Instructional Media initiative, which proved influential in the establishment of Britain’s Open University, now known as the UK Open University.
# Welcome to the Afterfuture

Welcome to the Afterfuture is a studio album by the American hip hop musician Mike Ladd. It was released on Ozone Music in 2000.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 8.6/10 |
Brian Whitener of AllMusic wrote, "Welcome to the Afterfuture is a blender of sounds and styles and epitomizes the search that is leading cutting-edge hip-hop further into avant-garde and non-Western musical traditions." Jon Caramanica of CMJ New Music Monthly commented that "Ladd's futurism is merely a mask for his very tangible discontent with the present." He added, "References to the police state permeate the album, arguing that the new world order and newspeak are more than just things weeded street-corner bards philosophize on; they're integral to maintaining the power status quo."

## Legacy

The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
* Mike Ladd – vocals, bass guitar (8), synthesizer, sampler, production, programming, mixing, executive production
* Bruce Grant – tape loop
* Fred Ones – turntables (1-4, 6–13), production (4), recording (1-4, 6, 8–13), mixing (1-4, 6, 8–13)
* Jun – vocal recording (1, 4)
* El-P – vocals (5)
* Bigg Jus – vocals (5)
* Mr. Len – turntables (5)
* Vassos – recording (5), mixing (5)
* Charles Calello – keyboards (7)
* Matt Stein – recording (7), mixing (7)
* Jeff Cordero – guitar (8)
* Eric M.O. – bass guitar (10)
* Ken Heitmuller – mastering
* Prashant – art direction, design, photography
* Mark Feggins – layout assistance
* Tony Duval – photography
* Amaechi Uzoigwe – executive production
# Charles Lota

Charles Lota (born 17 November 1978) is a Zambian former footballer who played as a midfielder for Konkola Blades, Kabwe Warriors and Red Arrows, as well as the Zambia national football team. He played for Zambia at the 2002 Africa Cup of Nations.
# Charles Loring Elliott

Charles Loring Elliott (1812 – 1868) was an American painter known for his portraits. He was active in central New York for 10 years as a young man, then in 1845 moved to New York City, to pursue his career. He was elected to the National Academy of Design in 1846.

## Early life and education

Elliott was born in Auburn, New York in 1812. His father was a builder and, as a boy, Elliott spent many hours in his workshop. He showed skill in constructing toys, sleds, wagons and small windmills, as well as in drawing. While in the public school, he studied from pictures and life to perfect his drawing. When he was 15, the family moved to Syracuse, then a small frontier hamlet, where his father had a dry goods and grocery store. He assigned Charles to work with him, but the youth was not interested in becoming a merchant.
His father continued to work as a builder and asked the son to do architectural drawings for him, which he did quite well. The younger Elliott also studied the subject at a select school, but he still wanted to be a painter. His father finally approved his move to New York City for further study. He studied with the painters Colonel John Trumbull, who first advised him to be an architect because of his skilled drawings, and John Quidor.

## Career

Elliott returned to central New York, where he worked intensively at portrait painting for 10 years. Among his works were portraits of many faculty at Hamilton College. After 10 years' practice, his portraits "were never stiff, or clumsy, or cold; but gradually grace, and ease, and warmth, and high feeling, stole into the forms on his canvas…" Needing the stimulation of the city, he returned to New York in 1845, where Trumbull approved of his progress in painting. The following year he was elected to the National Academy of Design, which was a measure of recognition and helped him attract more clients.
Elliott was considered the best portraitist of his day. Although he never studied abroad, his technique is neither provincial nor uncertain. His method is mature, his drawing firm, his color fresh and clean, and his likenesses excellent, though somewhat lacking in sentiment. He was said to have painted over 700 portraits, mostly heads, as he had little idea of the composition of large canvases. He also painted figure pieces, including Don Quijote and Falstaff, and one landscape, The Head of Skaneateles Lake.
Among his sitters were Fenimore Cooper, Fitz-Greene Halleck, Fletcher Harper, A. B. Durand (The Corcoran Gallery, Washington), and Governor Bouck (City Hall, New York). Additional portraits by Elliott hang in the New York City Hall, and the New York State Library at Albany. Four of his portraits are held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

## Selected portraits

* Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
* James Fenimore Cooper
* Samuel Putnam Avery
* Asher Durand
* Mathew Brady
* John Charles Frémont
# Skouzes

Skouzes may refer to:

## People

* Alexandros Skouzes (1853–1937), Greek politician
* Dimitrios Skouzes (1890–1972), Greek writer
* Skouzes family, a leading family in Athens.

## Other uses

* Skouze Hill, hill in Athens
# Six Years Home

Six Years Home is the debut studio album by Italian post-hardcore band Hopes Die Last. It was released on August 4, 2009, through Standby Records. It includes a re-recorded version of "Call Me Sick Boy" from their EP Your Face Down Now, and nine other tracks.

## Personnel

Six Year Home album personnel as listed on Allmusic.

### Hopes Die Last

* Daniele Tofani - unclean vocals
* Marco Mantovani - lead guitar, backing vocals
* Luigi Magliocca - rhythm guitar
* Marco "Becko" Calanca - bass, clean vocals, keyboard, programming
* Ivan Panella - drums, percussion

### Composers

* Daniele Tofani - composer on Consider Me Alive
* Marco Mantovani - composer on all songs except Consider Me Alive
* Jacopo Iannariello - composer on Good Mourning, Honey (Former guitarist, 2004–2008)

### Production

* Produced, mixed, additional keyboard, programming & vocals by Daniele Brian Autore
* Engineered & mastered by Vincenzo Mario Cristi
# Charles Martel (disambiguation)

Charles Martel (c. 688–741) was a Frankish military and political leader.
Charles Martel may also refer to:

## People

* Charles Martel of Anjou (1271–1295), titular King of Hungary
* Charles Martel (librarian) (1860–1945), American librarian
* Charles Martel, Duke of Calabria (1327)
* Karl Hermann Martell (1906–1966), German actor

## Other

* French battleship Charles Martel
** Charles Martel-class ironclad
* Charles Martel Group, a French far-right, anti-Arab terrorist organization which operated in the 1970s and 1980s
* Charles Martel Society, publisher of The Occidental Quarterly
# Skittles & Iced Tea

"Skittles & Iced Tea" is a single by Christian hip hop artist Hostyle Gospel featuring John Givez, released on April 19, 2016. The idea of the "Skittles & Iced Tea" song came from the Trayvon Martin/George Zimmerman case. Martin was shot and killed on the way home from a local store to buy Skittles and iced tea. This song represents the freedom, liberty, justice and everything else that the constitution stands for.
# Weldon Springs

Weldon Springs may refer to:
* Weldon Springs (Missouri), a spring in Missouri
* Weldon Springs State Park, a protected area in Illinois
# Weldon Springs (Missouri)

Weldon Spring is a spring in the city of Weldon Spring, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Weldon Spring has the name of John and Joseph Weldon, pioneer citizens.
# Slavoj Černý

Slavoj Černý (4 March 1937 – 31 December 2020) was a Czech cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Slavoia

Slavoia is an extinct genus of lizard from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia (Dzunbain Formation), and Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan (Bostobe Formation) and Mongolia (Barun Goyot Formation and Djadochta Formation).
There is only a single species S. darevskii, and Slavoia has been suggested to be the oldest known relative of amphisbaenians.

## Description

The structure of the skull of Slavoia suggests that it may have had a fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle, and when fully grown, it likely grew up to 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long.
Slavoia is known from several specimens including the holotype ZPAL MgR-I/8, mostly made up of incomplete skulls and skeletons, and it has therefore been possible to reconstruct its appearance. Slavoia is characterized by a skull with a very compact structure, and the orbits were small, the parietal hole was small or non-existent. The teeth, pleurodonts, were robust. The premaxilla had five teeth, while the maxilla and jaw had seven or eight. The lacrimal bone was greatly reduced, and there were 26 presacral vertebrae, equipped with an anteriorly hollow vertebral centre (procelus). Relative to most lizards, the limbs were relatively small, and the body was elongated, suggested to be adaptations for a burrowing lifestyle. The first digit of the hand had hyperphalangy (the presence of additional phalange bones).

## Classification

Alifanov (1993), Gao and Norell (2000), Kearney (2003) and Bolet et al. (2022) placed Slavoia within Scincomorpha. Conrad (2008) placed in a clade containing Lacertoidea+Scincomorpha. Tałanda (2016, 2017), who provided a new description of the genus, placed it as a stem-group relative of amphisbaenians within Lacertoidea.
# Welsh Socialist Alliance

The Welsh Socialist Alliance (WSA) was a socialist political organisation in Wales. It was closely related to, but separate from the Socialist Alliance.
It was founded by the Socialist Party and Cymru Goch and some independents. From the start this seemed to many an unlikely alliance given that the two principal groups involved have major disagreements over many issues, mainly over the national question. Cymru Goch called for an independent socialist republic whereas Socialist Party Wales at the time supported a Welsh parliament with law making powers short of independence. However they agreed to discuss the issue while the WSA called for the Welsh Assembly to have the same powers as the Scottish parliament. The WSA ensured that no one party could "control" it through the self-denying 40% ordinance which limited members of any organisation to no more than 40% of the Alliance committees.
The Welsh Socialist Alliance stood on a joint United Socialist ticket with the Socialist Workers Party at the Welsh Assembly election, 1999.
The Socialist Workers Party has originally declined to accept the invitation to join the WSA because the SWP was opposed in principle to standing in elections. In 2000 it changed its position and entered the WSA. The attempts by the SWP to dominate the WSA destabilised the organisation and by the end of 2002 both Cymru Goch and Socialist Party Wales had left.
The SWP ignored the 40% rule and packed meetings with members to ensure that its position prevailed and its supporters were selected as candidates. Cymru Goch left when any opportunity to argue for its pro-independence position was closed off and the Socialist Party left when the SWP packed a selection meeting in Swansea to ensure that no Socialist Party candidates would be selected for Swansea seats in the General Election. The Socialist Party's open letter of resignation blamed the SWP: "To lose one founding organisation could be unfortunate; to lose both can only mark the decline of the WSA as a genuine alliance".
# Slavkovica

Slavkovica is a village situated in Ljig municipality in Serbia.
# Slettmarkpiggen

Slettmarkpiggen is a mountain on the border of Vang Municipality and Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,163-metre (7,096 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 37 kilometres (23 mi) northeast of the village of Øvre Årdal and about 27 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of the village of Beitostølen. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Store Svartdalspiggen to the northeast; Mesmogtinden, Langedalstinden, Kvitskardtinden, and Torfinnstindene to the east; Galdeberget and Oksedalshøi to the southwest; Slettmarkkampen to the west; Snøholstinden and Store Rauddalseggi to the northwest; and Storådalshøi to the north.
# Charles Train

Charles Train may refer to:
* Charles J. Train (1845–1906), American admiral
* Charles R. Train (1817–1885), American politician
* Charles William Train (1890–1965), British soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross
# Sleep (Marion song)

"Sleep" was the second single by Marion, released in February 1995. It reached number 53 on the UK Singles Chart. The track was re-recorded and released as The Sleep EP the following year.

## Track listing

All tracks by Harding/Grantham/Cunningham, words by Harding.

### 7" vinyl

* "Sleep"
* "Father's Day"

### 12" vinyl and CD

* "Sleep"
* "Father's Day"
* "Moving Fast"

## Personnel

* Jaime Harding - vocals, harmonica
* Tony Grantham - guitar
* Phil Cunningham - guitar
* Julian Phillips - bass
* Murad Mousa - drums
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# Slotlaan metro station

Slotlaan is an elevated station on Line C of the Rotterdam Metro and is situated in the town of Capelle aan den IJssel, just east of Rotterdam. The station was opened on 26 May 1994 as part of the extension of the East-West Line or Caland Line from Capelsebrug station towards De Terp station. The station consists of two tracks with a platform on both sides. Near the station is the Comenius College middle school from Capelle aan den IJssel.

## Track Layout

Side Platforms
Track 1- De Terp Operator Line C
Track 2- De Akkers Operator Line C
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