OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Don Carter State Park

Don Carter State Park is a state park located in Hall County, Georgia, along the shores of Lake Lanier. It is the only state park along the shores of Lake Lanier. The park offers camping, hiking, and access to the adjacent lake, among other amenities. It was officially opened to the public in 2013. As of 2022, it is Georgia's newest state park.

## History

In 1994, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources began the process of land acquisition that would eventually lead to the creation of the park. In 2009, Governor Sonny Perdue signed a budget including $14 million for the construction of the park. Construction officially began in November 2011. The park opened to the public on July 15, 2013. The park is named for Don Carter, a local businessman who served on the Georgia Department of Natural Resources board for 29 years.

## Area

Don Carter State Park is the only state park on the shores of Lake Lanier. It is located on the north side of the reservoir.

## Facilities and activities

As of 2022, the park offers the following facilities and activities for visitors.
* Boat Ramps
* Cottages
* Campsites
* Docks
* Equestrian trails (14.5 miles)
* Hiking trails (14.5 miles)
* Paddling trails (6 miles)
# John Drexel

John Drexel is an American poet, critic, and editor.

## Life and work

John Drexel was born in Stamford, Connecticut. He is a graduate of the University of Connecticut and holds an M.A. in English from the University of Leeds, England, where his thesis advisor was Geoffrey Hill. He subsequently worked as an editor at Oxford University Press and other publishing houses in New York City, and served as general editor of The Facts On File Encyclopedia of the 20th Century.
Mr. Drexel's poems have appeared in numerous magazines, including First Things, Hudson Review, Image, Oxford Poetry, The New Criterion, New Ohio Review, Notre Dame Review, The Paris Review, Salmagundi (magazine), Southern Review, St. Petersburg Review, Valparaiso Poetry Review, and Verse.
He has written on modern British and Irish poetry for the online Contemporary Poetry Review, and has reviewed for Arts & Letters, Irish Literary Supplement, Partisan Review, and other journals. He also directed poetry workshops at Hay-on-Wye, Wales, and has twice served as a poetry judge for the Constance Saltonstall Foundation for the Arts.

### Awards

* Amy Lowell Poetry Travelling Scholarship
* Hawthornden Castle Fellowship

### Anthologies

* A Fine Excess: Contemporary Literature at Play. Sarabande Books. 2001. ISBN 978-1-889330-51-8.
* For New Orleans and Other Poems. Bayeux Arts. 2007. ISBN 978-1-896209-75-3.

### Criticism

* “Threaders of Double-Stranded Words: News from the North of Ireland,” New England Review and Bread Loaf Quarterly, Vol. XII, No. 2, Winter, 1989, pp. 179–92.
* “Searching the Darkness for a Landing Place: The Achievement of Thomas Kinsella,” Literary Review, Vol. XXXIII, No. 3, Spring, 1990, pp. 337–44.
# John Brook

John Brook (1924-2016) was a Boston photographer who gained national recognition in the mid-20th century.

## Early life and education

He was born to English immigrant parents in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, in 1924. He taught himself photography as a child, and won first prize in a national competition at the age of 12. He attended Harvard University, graduating in 1947.

## Career

After college he opened a studio on Newbury Street in Boston. He rose to prominence as a portraitist in the 1950s, photographing celebrities such as composer Igor Stravinsky, jazz musicians Duke Ellington, Dave Brubeck, and Thelonious Monk, prima ballerina Maria Tallchief, and first lady Eleanor Roosevelt. On the strength of this work he became the staff photographer for the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Brook's photographs were published widely in magazines such as Time, Vogue, Popular Photography, and ARTnews. In 1959 he was featured in the New Talent issue of Art in America. In 1966 he was one of 20 photographers whose work was featured in Life magazine's 30th Anniversary Photography Special Issue; others included Richard Avedon, Henri Cartier-Bresson, and Robert Doisneau. He exhibited at venues around the world, including the biennial photography festival in Milan, where he won a gold medal in 1960; a solo exhibition at the George Eastman Museum in 1961; the 1964/1965 New York World's Fair; Expo 67 in Montreal; and the 1970 World's Fair in Osaka.
Boston artist Steven Trefonides cited Brook as a formative influence.

## Later life and legacy

An accident in the 1990s left him disabled, forcing him to give up photography. He died on July 29, 2016, in a Boston-area nursing home.
The Boston Public Library owns a large number of his prints. His work is also included in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Museum of Modern Art, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Danforth Museum, and many other museums and private collectors.
His photographs can also be found in two published volumes: A Long the River Run (Scrimshaw Press, 1970) and Hold Me (Aura Publications, 1977).
# John George of Ohlau

John George of Ohlau (Polish: Jan Jerzy oławski) (17 June 1552 – 6 July 1592), was a Duke of Ohlau and Wohlau Wołów (since 1586 with his brother as a co-ruler until 1592).
He was the second son of George II the Pious, Duke of Brieg-Ohlau-Wohlau (Brzeg-Oława-Wołów), by his wife Barbara, daughter of Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg.

## Life

In 1586, after the death of his father, John George and his older brother Joachim Frederick inherited (as a co-rulers) only Ohlau and Wohlau, because Brieg was given by his late father to their mother Barbara until her own death. Both brothers settled their residence in Ohlau.

## Marriage and issue

In Brzeg on 16 September 1582, John George married with Anna (Stuttgart, 12 June 1561 – Haynau (Chojnów), 7 July 1616), daughter of Christoph, Duke of Württemberg. They had two children:
* George Christoph (13 May 1583 – 10 May 1584).
* Barbara (8 February 1586 – 16 April 1586).
On his death without surviving male issue, John George was succeeded by his brother Joachim Frederick, who became in sole ruler, but only in Wohlau, because Ohlau was given by John George's widow. Anna lost her land when she married again in 1594 with Duke Frederick IV of Liegnitz, and reverted to Joachim Frederick, who two months later also obtain Brieg when his mother Barbara died.
# John Reitz

John Reitz may refer to:
* John Augustus Reitz, American entrepreneur, industrialist and philanthropist
* John T. Reitz, American re-recording mixer
# Havis

Havis may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Allan Havis (born 1951), American playwright
# Dover Seawolves

The Dover Seawolves were an independent Junior A ice hockey team that played in the America East Hockey League. The team played home games at the Dover Ice Arena in Dover, New Hampshire.

## Team history

The Seawolves franchise joined the AEHL for the league's first season in 2005 as the Exeter Seawolves, playing from 2005 to 2007 and in Exeter, New Hampshire. The team participated in the America East Hockey League as well as exhibition games against college teams to help players gain experience. The Dover Seawolves folded after the 2007–08 season.

## Regular season records

| Season | GP | W | L | T | OTL | PTS | GF | GA | PIM | Finish |
| 2005-06 | 37 | 17 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 40 | 182 | 126 | na | 2 of 5 |
| 2006-07 | 55 | 23 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 49 | 235 | 244 | na | 6 of 9 |
| 2007-08 | 50 | 26 | 17 | 7 | 0 | 59 | 208 | 187 | na | 3 of 6 |
# Encoptarthria

Encoptarthria is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains five species:
* Encoptarthria echemophthalma (Simon, 1908) (type) – Australia (Western Australia)
* Encoptarthria grisea (L. Koch, 1873) – Australia
* Encoptarthria penicillata (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia)
* Encoptarthria perpusilla (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia)
* Encoptarthria vestigator (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia)
# Lactate aldolase

The enzyme lactate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.36) catalyzes the chemical reaction
    (S)-lactate $\rightleftharpoons$ formate + acetaldehyde
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-lactate acetaldehyde-lyase (formate-forming). Other names in common use include lactate synthase, and (S)-lactate acetaldehyde-lyase. This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism.
# Lemmings (Bachdenkel album)

Lemmings is the first studio album by British progressive rock group Bachdenkel. Conceived as a three sided album it was recorded during the summer of 1970 after the group relocated to France, but would not be released for nearly three years, in 1973 by which time it had used up over 12,000 pounds of unpaid studio time (the equivalent to over £129,000 in 2022). Despite interest in the UK from CBS and Warner Brothers in 1973 studio owners Europa Sonor struck a deal with Philips in France who would release it as a two sided album. In 1978 it was released with 3 missing tracks on an enclosed EP by the Initial Recording Company that was created by Karel Beer.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Translation" 4:17
* "Equals" 1:51
* "An Appointment With The Master" 5:15
* "The Settlement Song" 11:26

### Side two

* "Long Time Living" 2:17
* "Strangerstill" 6:51
* "Come All Ye Faceless" 9:06

#### 2007 Ork reissue with bonus tracks

* "The Slightest Distance" - 6:09 - From Lemmings EP originally released in 1978.
* "Donna" 4:15 - From Lemmings EP originally released in 1978.
* "A Thousand Pages Before" 6:35 - From Lemmings EP originally released in 1978.
* "Through The Eyes of a Child" 4:01 - Unreleased 1969 single.
* "An (other) Appointment With The Master" 3:42 - 1973 single version.
* "Strange People" 3:20 - Unreleased 1968 single, as "U Know Who".

## Personnel (original album)

* Peter Kimberley: Six-string bass guitar, piano on "Equals", vocals
* Colin Swinburne: (1948 - 2021) Guitar, organ, piano, vocals
* Brian Smith: Drums, percussion
* Karel Beer: Organ on "Come All Ye Faceless"
# Emilio Martínez-Lázaro

Emilio Martínez-Lázaro Torre (born 1945) is a Spanish filmmaker known for directing box office hits such as The Other Side of the Bed (2002) and Spanish Affair (2014).

## Biography

Emilio Martínez-Lázaro was born in Madrid in 1945. He studied in a Jesuit school and later began studies in Industrial Engineering and then in Physical Sciences in Madrid.
His first association with cinema came when he joined the Escuela de Argüelles, a group of independent filmmakers. He made his first short film, Circunstancias del Milagro/The Circumstances of the Miracle, in 1968; re-edited in 1972 and retitled El Camino del Cielo/The Road to Heaven, it was shown at several international film festivals. He made his first feature, Pastel de Sangre/Blood Cake, in 1971. Martínez-Lázaro entered the television industry in 1974, directing episodes of numerous television series, and since then has continued to work in both venues. His debut as solo feature film director, What Max Said, shared a Golden Bear at the 28th Berlin International Film Festival with García Sánchez's La Trucha/The Trout. In addition to directing, Martínez-Lázaro has established himself as a noted screenwriter.

## Filmography
### Director
#### Short films

* 1969 — Aspavientos
* 1970 — Amo mi cama rica

#### Feature films

* 1971 — Pastel de sangre
* 1978 — Las palabras de Max (What Max Said)
* 1980 — Sus años dorados
* 1985 — Lulú de noche (Lulu by Night)
* 1988 — El juego más divertido [es]
* 1991 — Amo tu cama rica
* 1994 — Los peores años de nuestra vida (The Worst Years of Our Lives)
* 1997 — Carreteras secundarias (Backroads)
* 2001 — La voz de su amo (His Master's Voice)
* 2002 — El otro lado de la cama (The Other Side of the Bed)
* 2005 — Los 2 lados de la cama
* 2007 — Las 13 rosas (13 Roses)
* 2012 — La montaña rusa
* 2014 — Ocho apellidos vascos (Spanish Affair)
* 2015 — Ocho apellidos catalanes (Spanish Affair 2)
* 2018 — Miamor perdido (Mylove Lost)
* 2024 — Un hipster en la España vacía

#### Television series

* 2021 — Supernormal

### Actor

* The impeccable pecador (1987) by Augusto Martínez Towers

### Producer

* The disaster of Annual (1970) by Frank Ricardo
* Lulu at night (1985) by Emilio Martínez-Lázaro
* The woman of your life 2: The woman duende (1992) by Jaime Chávarri

### Scriptwriter

* Pie of blood (1971) by Francesc Bellmunt
* Pascual Duarte (1976)
* The game more amused (1987) by Emilio Martínez-Lázaro
* Amo your rich bed (1991) by Emilio Martínez-Lázaro
* Like being woman and not to die in the attempt (1991)

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
| 1978 | 28th Berlin International Film Festival | Golden Bear | What Max Said | Won |
| 1987 | 1st Goya Awards | Best Director | Lulu by Night | Nominated |
| 2003 | 17th Goya Awards | Best Director | The Other Side of the Bed | Nominated |
| 2008 | 22nd Goya Awards | Best Director | 13 Roses | Nominated |

## Informational notes

* ↑ Directed jointly with José María Valle, Francesc Bellmunt and Jaime Chávarri.
# 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay

The men's 4 x 100 metres relay event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 14 and 15 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Tomasz Kondratowicz Łukasz Chyła Marcin Płacheta Przemysław Rogowski Poland |
| Silver | Jonathan O'Parka Jonathan Barbour Darren Chin Ben Lewis United Kingdom |
| Bronze | Matic Šušteršic Matic Osovnikar Boštjan Fridrih Rok Orel Slovenia |

## Results
### Final

15 July
| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time |
| | Poland | Tomasz Kondratowicz Łukasz Chyła Marcin Płacheta Przemysław Rogowski | 39.41 |
| | United Kingdom | Jonathan O'Parka Jonathan Barbour Darren Chin Ben Lewis | 39.45 |
| | Slovenia | Matic Šušteršic Matic Osovnikar Boštjan Fridrih Rok Orel | 39.95 |
| 4 | France | Yannick Urbino Fabrice Calligny Damien Degroote Leslie Djhone | 40.02 |
| 5 | Spain | Cecilio Maestra Julián Martínez Ángel David Rodríguez Salvador Rodríguez | 40.22 |
| | Italy | Massimiliano Dentali Simone Collio Massimiliano Donati Alessandro Cavallaro | DNF |
| | Switzerland | Guido Helfenstein Marc Schneeberger Marc Niederhäuser Markus Lüthi | DNF |
| | Germany | Tobias Pfennig Steffen Otto Tobias Unger Oliver König | DQ |

### Heats

14 July Qualified: first 3 in each heat and 2 best to the Final

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Poland | Tomasz Kondratowicz Łukasz Chyła Marcin Płacheta Przemysław Rogowski | 39.73 | Q |
| 2 | Germany | Tobias Pfennig Steffen Otto Tobias Unger Oliver König | 39.78 | Q |
| 3 | France | Yannick Urbino Fabrice Calligny Sébastien Calpas Leslie Djhone | 39.99 | Q |
| 4 | Italy | Massimiliano Dentali Emanuele Di Gregorio Massimiliano Donati Alessandro Cavallaro | 40.07 | q |
| 5 | Switzerland | Guido Helfenstein Marc Schneeberger Marc Niederhäuser Markus Lüthi | 40.92 | q |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| 1 | United Kingdom | Jonathan O'Parka James Chatt Jonathan Barbour Darren ChinBen Lewis | 39.90 | Q |
| 2 | Slovenia | Matic Šušteršic Matic Osovnikar Boštjan Fridrih Rok Orel | 40.18 | Q |
| 3 | Spain | Cecilio Maestra Julián Martínez Ángel David Rodríguez Alberto Dorrego | 41.05 | Q |
| | Sweden | Johan Hed Christofer Sandin Johan Engberg Erik Wahn | DQ | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 40 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.
* France (5)
* Germany (4)
* Italy (5)
* Poland (4)
* Slovenia (4)
* Spain (5)
* Sweden (4)
* Switzerland (4)
* United Kingdom (5)
# 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's decathlon

The men's decathlon event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 12 and 13 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | André Niklaus Germany |
| Silver | Jaakko Ojaniemi Finland |
| Bronze | William Frullani Italy |

## Results
### Final

12-13 July
| Rank | Name | Nationality | 100m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400m | 110m H | DT | PV | JT | 1500m | Points |
| | André Niklaus | Germany | 11.16 (w: 0.3 m/s) | 7.33 (w: -0.2 m/s) | 13.84 | 1.92 | 48.90 | 14.57 (w: -1.2 m/s) | 41.82 | 5.20 | 53.91 | 4:23.86 | 8042 |
| | Jaakko Ojaniemi | Finland | 10.69 (w: 0.3 m/s) | 7.54 (w: 0.0 m/s) | 15.39 | 1.95 | 49.59 | 14.97 (w: -0.9 m/s) | 37.01 | 4.50 | 62.72 | 4:48.28 | 7907 |
| | William Frullani | Italy | 10.65 (w: 0.3 m/s) | 7.58 (w: 1.4 m/s) | 13.80 | 2.13 | 48.78 | 14.68 (w: -1.2 m/s) | 41.61 | 4.40 | 43.89 | 4:45.42 | 7871 |
| 4 | Romain Barras | France | 11.17 (w: 0.3 m/s) | 6.95 (w: 0.0 m/s) | 14.31 | 1.95 | 48.97 | 14.31 (w: -1.2 m/s) | 36.95 | 4.70 | 59.30 | 4:30.14 | 7821 |
| 5 | Thomas Pöge | Germany | 11.19 (w: 1.7 m/s) | 7.07 (w: -1.1 m/s) | 14.99 | 1.95 | 51.18 | 14.76 (w: -1.2 m/s) | 39.87 | 4.60 | 58.89 | 4:38.54 | 7699 |
| 6 | David Gómez | Spain | 11.22 (w: 1.7 m/s) | 7.12 (w: -0.1 m/s) | 13.27 | 1.95 | 48.89 | 14.73 (w: -1.2 m/s) | 36.53 | 4.50 | 57.06 | 4:28.14 | 7649 |
| 7 | Sébastien Maillard | France | 11.03 (w: 0.3 m/s) | 7.01 (w: 0.7 m/s) | 12.53 | 2.01 | 49.42 | 14.95 (w: -0.9 m/s) | 36.64 | 4.80 | 44.64 | 4:23.82 | 7562 |
| 8 | Eugène Martineau | Netherlands | 11.23 (w: 1.7 m/s) | 6.71 (w: 0.6 m/s) | 12.51 | 1.95 | 49.47 | 15.45 (w: -0.9 m/s) | 37.76 | 4.70 | 61.60 | 4:33.59 | 7507 |
| 9 | Virgil Spier | Netherlands | 10.71 (w: 0.3 m/s) | 7.26 | 13.03 | 1.95 | 47.80 | 14.35 (w: -1.2 m/s) | 36.32 | 4.00 | 41.17 | 4:32.98 | 7469 |
| 10 | Andre Röttger | Germany | 11.27 | 7.08 | 13.40 | 1.83 | 50.46 | 15.36 | 39.18 | 4.20 | 64.57 | 4:37.99 | 7401 |
| 11 | Markus Walser | Austria | 10.83 | 6.79 | 13.46 | 1.83 | 49.48 | 15.11 | 36.76 | 4.30 | 57.12 | 4:46.55 | 7322 |
| 12 | Roland Schwarzl | Austria | 11.34 (w: 1.7 m/s) | 7.15 (w: 0.4 m/s) | 14.10 | 1.80 | 50.86 | 15.28 (w: -1.2 m/s) | 40.22 | 4.50 | 50.05 | 4:39.84 | 7287 |
| 13 | Rudy Bourguignon | France | 11.08 | 6.84 | 12.33 | 1.83 | 51.07 | 15.80 | 39.74 | 4.80 | 50.25 | 4:46.57 | 7159 |
| | Knut Harald Sommerfeldt | Norway | 11.42 | 7.01 | 13.38 | 1.83 | 52.95 | 15.25 | NM | 4.60 | 60.93 | | DNF |
| | Boštjan Vinkler | Slovenia | 11.35 | 6.82 | 12.62 | 1.83 | 50.47 | 15.11 | 38.70 | | | | DNF |
| | Michael Schnallinger | Austria | 11.39 | 6.38 | 12.74 | 1.98 | 52.13 | | | | | | DNF |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.
* Austria (3)
* Finland (1)
* France (3)
* Germany (3)
* Italy (1)
* Netherlands (2)
* Norway (1)
* Slovenia (1)
* Spain (1)
# 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 400 metres

The men's 400 metres event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 12 and 13 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Yuriy Borzakovskiy Russia |
| Silver | Marc Alexander Scheer Germany |
| Bronze | Rafał Wieruszewski Poland |

## Results
### Final

13 July
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Yuriy Borzakovskiy | Russia | 46.06 |
| | Marc Alexander Scheer | Germany | 46.43 |
| | Rafał Wieruszewski | Poland | 46.57 |
| 4 | Filip Walotka | Poland | 46.58 |
| 5 | Oleg Mishukov | Russia | 46.60 |
| 6 | David Naismith | United Kingdom | 46.84 |
| 7 | Tomas Coman | Ireland | 47.24 |
| 8 | Andrea Barberi | Italy | 47.46 |

### Heats

12 July Qualified: first 2 in each heat and 2 best to the Final

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Rafał Wieruszewski | Poland | 46.72 | Q |
| 2 | David Naismith | United Kingdom | 46.82 | Q |
| 3 | Dmitrijs Miļkevičs | Latvia | 46.94 | |
| 4 | Simon Kirch | Germany | 47.00 | |
| 5 | Dávid Csesznegi | Hungary | 47.40 | |
| 6 | Ionut-Lucian Vieru | Romania | 47.58 | |
| 7 | Stilianos Kopanou | Greece | 48.25 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Tomas Coman | Ireland | 46.82 | Q |
| 2 | Oleg Mishukov | Russia | 47.02 | Q |
| 3 | Ruwen Faller | Germany | 47.28 | |
| 4 | Cédric Van Branteghem | Belgium | 47.65 | |
| 5 | Luca Galletti | Italy | 47.71 | |
| 6 | Dmitriy Chumichkin | Azerbaijan | 48.03 | |
| | Anastasios Gousis | Greece | DNS | |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Yuriy Borzakovskiy | Russia | 46.20 | Q |
| 2 | Marc Alexander Scheer | Germany | 46.42 | Q |
| 3 | Filip Walotka | Poland | 46.63 | q |
| 4 | Andrea Barberi | Italy | 46.81 | q |
| 5 | Salvador Rodríguez | Spain | 47.24 | |
| 6 | Fabrice Zircon | France | 47.58 | |
| 7 | Branimir Peitel | Croatia | 47.61 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.
* Azerbaijan (1)
* Belgium (1)
* Croatia (1)
* France (1)
* Germany (3)
* Greece (1)
* Hungary (1)
* Ireland (1)
* Italy (2)
* Latvia (1)
* Poland (2)
* Romania (1)
* Russia (2)
* Spain (1)
* United Kingdom (1)
# Empress Gong

Empress Gong may refer to:
* Wang Zhenfeng (436–479), formally Empress Gong, empress of the Liu Song dynasty
* Empress Dowager Gong (died 562), empress dowager of the Western Liang dynasty
* Empress Gong (Northern Wei) (died 452), princess consort and posthumous empress of the Northern Wei dynasty
# Empress Gong (Northern Wei)

Consort Yujiulü (郁久閭椒房, personal name unknown) (died 452), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally "the respectful empress"), was a consort of Tuoba Huang (Crown Prince Jingmu), a crown prince of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. She was the mother of Emperor Wencheng.
Consort Yujiulü was a sister of Yujiulü Pi (郁久閭毗), who was a member of Rouran's royal house, but who surrendered to Northern Wei and thereafter became a Northern Wei general, during Emperor Taiwu's reign. Consort Yujiulü herself was described as beautiful, and during Emperor Taiwu's reign she was selected to be a consort for his son Tuoba Huang. She was much favored. In 440, the pair had a son, Tuoba Jun. Her husband died in 451, however, after becoming ill over fear of false accusations by the eunuch Zong Ai. Zong subsequently assassinated Emperor Taiwu and Tuoba Huang's younger brother Tuoba Yu (whom he had briefly made emperor) in 452, and then was overthrown by high-ranking officials, who made Tuoba Jun, who was Tuoba Huang's eldest son, emperor (as Emperor Wencheng). Consort Yujiulü died soon thereafter without having been honored as an empress dowager, but later that year, Emperor Wencheng did posthumously honor his parents as emperor and empress, and she became known as Empress Gong.
Scholar Li Ping suggested that Consort Yujiulü died an irregular death, due to the custom that all the mothers of heirs to Wei throne should be put to death. Indeed, she is said by some scholars to have been killed by the Chang clan in the first year of Xingan (興安) (452).

## In popular culture

* Portrayed by Xu Rongzhen in the 2016 Chinese TV series The Princess Weiyoung.