OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ksenia Aleksandrovna Razumova

Ksenia Aleksandrovna Razumova (Russian: Ксения Александровна Разумова; also transliterated Xenia Razumova; born 23 January 1931) is a Russian physicist. She graduated from the Physical Faculty of Moscow University in 1955 and took a position at the then called Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow, then USSR. She defended her Ph.D. in 1966, was Candidate in Physical and Mathematical sciences in 1967, and became Doctor of Sciences in 1984. She is laboratory head at the Institute of Nuclear Fusion, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. Since the beginning she is actively involved plasma physics in research on the tokamak line of Magnetic confinement fusion.

## Selected work

Razumova is best known for her early experimental research in the tokamak line.
Inspired by the theoretical work of Vitaly Shafranov, she developed a macroscopically stable plasma in the tokamak TM-2 in 1963., opening the way to a world-wide shift of the nuclear fusion programme towards the tokamak line.
Experiments carried out by her at this tokamak, along with results obtained on the T-3 and T-4 tokamaks, convinced the scientific community that the pessimistic forecasts for the future of magnetic confinement based on the Bohm formula were unfounded. In 1971, she was awarded the USSR State Prize for creating and investigating high temperature thermonuclear plasmas in tokamaks. Her work contributed to the very fast development of the tokamak line in the 1970s.
Razumova was a pioneer on the study of MHD instabilities and disruptions in tokamaks. In 1962, she and her colleagues were the first to observe the disruption instability in a tokamak.
Razumova was the first to implement a method to measure the plasma energy based on the diamagnetic effect, still in use these days.
With V. Alikaev, she demonstrated plasma heating by Electron Cyclotron in the TM-3 tokamak. Her team also investigated runaway electrons in tokamaks.
Since the mid 1980s her interest has shifted to investigation on plasma transport, in particular to the study of profile consistency and plasma self-organization.
Razumova is as active now as she was in her younger years, and is always eager to discuss new ideas and experiments.

## Honours and awards

* 1971 - USSR State Prize for the "Realisation and investigation of high-temperature thermonuclear plasmas in Tokamaks"
* 1974 - I.V.Kurchatov Prize
* 1983 - USSR State Prize for her contributions to "The development of high power gyrotrons and their applications in thermonuclear research"
* 1984 - I.V.Kurchatov Prize
* 1992 - L.A.Artsimovich Prize for her contributions to "The physics of heating and current drive by electron cyclotron waves"
* 2006 - Honorable Silver Badge of the Global Energy Prize
* 2017 - The Hannes Alfvén Prize of the European Physical Society in 2017
# 2018 Tasmanian local elections

The 2018 Tasmanian local elections were held in October 2018 to elect the councils of the 29 local government areas (LGAs) in Tasmania, Australia. Councils also held mayoral and deputy mayoral elections.
This was the last time voting in Tasmanian local elections was voluntary, with compulsory voting introduced in 2022. Polls opened on 8 October and closed on Tuesday, 30 October.

## Electoral system

Councillor elections are conducted using a slightly modified version of the Hare-Clark electoral system, which is also used for Tasmanian House of Assembly elections. Mayors and deputy mayors are elected using preferential voting, which is used for Tasmanian Legislative Council elections.
The Robson Rotation is used to rotate the order in which candidate names appear on ballot papers. All voting in Tasmanian local elections is conducted by post.

## Elections timeline

* 10 September – Candidate nominations open
* 24 September – Candidate nominations close
* 8 October – Voting opens
* 30 October – Voting closes

## Party changes before elections

A number of councillors joined or left parties before the 2018 elections.
| Council | Councillor | Former party | Former party | New party | New party | Date |
| Hobart | Anna Reynolds | | Greens | | Independent | 2 June 2018 |
| Hobart | Marti Zucco | | Independent | | Your Hobart | 21 August 2018 |

## Campaign

Holly Ewin, an endorsed Greens candidate for Hobart, resigned from the party on 20 October after voting had begun. She stated that she "[does] not believe the state party is acting in accordance with its founding principle of grassroots democracy".
# Kroppedal

Kroppedal is a cultural-historical and astronomical museum in Vridsløsemagle 20 km (12 mi) from Copenhagen, Denmark. Kroppedal is the national museum of Danish astronomy, has a large archaeological unit, and an ethnological unit specializing in modern society.

## History

Kroppedal was established in 2002 by an amalgamation of the Ole Rømer Museum and the Antiquarian Unit in Copenhagen County. The museum has a permanent exhibition centred on noted astronomer and engineer Ole Rømer (1644–1710). Kroppedal is located near the site of Ole Rømer's Tusculanum Observatory. Its collections include his only surviving pendulum clock.
# Samuel McGraw (disambiguation)

Samuel Timothy McGraw is an American country music singer, songwriter and actor.
Samuel or Sam McGraw may also refer to:
* Samuel McGraw, namesake of McGraw, New York
* Sam McGraw, ring name of Barry Buchanan
# KtmROCKS (magazine)

ktmROCKS was a magazine devoted to metal music. It was published in Nepal for many months within 2004 to 2007, although not at a constant rate. The magazine began as an initiative of one man, Umes Shrestha, and involved various underground metal and rock bands of Nepal. Much of the magazine fan base is connected with the original ktmROCKS forum population.
The magazine was the first of its kind to display underground metal in the country. Although many local metal and rock concerts were held without any mass media approach, the magazine, being closely related to ktmROCKS, which was a metal platform and gig organizer. The magazine gained cult status and was in high circulation among selective groups as the concept of underground and metal music was, as is mostly today, foreign to many.
Due to economic problems, the magazine was no longer printed after its 13th issue. The magazine was instead changed into a periodical E-mag which is made available through the ktmROCKS website. Other activities of ktmROCKS, however, continue to remain full in action.
ktmROCKS emag vol. 7 was made available on January 8, 2010.
# Krivodol

Krivodol may refer to:
* Krivodol, Bulgaria, a town near Vratsa
* Krivodol Glacier, a glacier on Antarctica
* Krivodol, Podbablje, a village in the Podbablje municipality, Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia
* Krivodol, Trilj, a village near Trilj, Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia
# Constitution of 1949

Constitution of 1949 may refer to:
* Argentine Constitution of 1949
* Hungarian Constitution of 1949
* Federal Constitution of 1949, United States of Indonesia
* Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
# Podlasie (disambiguation)

Podlasie is a region in north-east Poland.
Podlasie may also refer to the following villages in Poland:
* Podlasie, Garwolin County
* Podlasie, Płock County
* Podlasie, Żyrardów County
* Podlasie, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
# Pokrzywnica

Pokrzywnica may refer to the following places:
* Pokrzywnica, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Jędrzejów County in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Starachowice County in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Pułtusk County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Ostrołęka County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Piła County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Poznań County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Śrem County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Wągrowiec County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnica, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
# Gashi (surname)

Gashi is a northern Albanian surname associated with the Gashi tribe. It is the second most common surname in Kosovo. Notable people with the surname include:

## People
### Momonym

* Gashi (rapper), or Labinot "Larry" Gashi, an American rapper of Albanian descent, formerly known as The Kid Gashi
* Gashi (singer) or Gëzim Gashi (born 1990), a Swedish singer of Kosovan origin

### Surname

* Ardian Gashi (born 1981), Norwegian footballer
* Arsim Gashi (born 1983), Swedish footballer
* Dardan Gashi, Kosovar politician
* Ervin Gashi (born 1990), Swiss footballer
* Ibrahim Gashi, (born 1963), Kosovar scientist of policy and diplomacy
* Krenar Gashi, Kosovar journalist
* Mirko Gashi (1939–1995), Yugoslav writer
* Shaban Gashi (1939–1990), Yugoslav cinematographer and photographer
* Shkëlzen Gashi (born 1988), Swiss footballer
* Zef Gashi (born 1938), Montenegrin Roman Catholic prelate
* Zyrafete Gashi (1957–2013), Kosovar comedian
# El Mechira

El Mechira is a town and commune in Mila Province, Algeria. At the 1998 census it had a population of 11,683.
# Ernest Lee-Steere

Ernest Lee Steere (or Lee-Steere) may refer to:
* Ernest Augustus Lee Steere (1866–1957), Australian businessman and pastoralist
* Ernest Henry Lee-Steere (1912–2011), Australian businessman
# GIPF

GIPF may refer to:
* The GIPF Project, comprising seven abstract strategy board games by Kris Burm
* GIPF (game), the first and central game of the GIPF Project
* Government Institutions Pension Fund (Namibia)
# Eybens

Eybens (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It is part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration).

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 526 | — |
| 1800 | 598 | +1.85% |
| 1806 | 619 | +0.58% |
| 1821 | 713 | +0.95% |
| 1831 | 866 | +1.96% |
| 1836 | 823 | −1.01% |
| 1841 | 815 | −0.20% |
| 1846 | 846 | +0.75% |
| 1851 | 810 | −0.87% |
| 1856 | 834 | +0.59% |
| 1861 | 773 | −1.51% |
| 1866 | 806 | +0.84% |
| 1872 | 819 | +0.27% |
| 1876 | 835 | +0.48% |
| 1881 | 806 | −0.70% |
| 1886 | 834 | +0.69% |
| 1891 | 822 | −0.29% |
| 1896 | 824 | +0.05% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 771 | −1.32% |
| 1906 | 801 | +0.77% |
| 1911 | 791 | −0.25% |
| 1921 | 795 | +0.05% |
| 1926 | 1,003 | +4.76% |
| 1931 | 1,295 | +5.24% |
| 1936 | 1,319 | +0.37% |
| 1946 | 1,329 | +0.08% |
| 1954 | 1,756 | +3.54% |
| 1962 | 2,346 | +3.69% |
| 1968 | 3,310 | +5.91% |
| 1975 | 5,436 | +7.34% |
| 1982 | 5,843 | +1.04% |
| 1990 | 8,013 | +4.03% |
| 1999 | 9,471 | +1.87% |
| 2007 | 9,262 | −0.28% |
| 2012 | 9,944 | +1.43% |
| 2017 | 10,185 | +0.48% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# David Grimes (physician)

David Alan Grimes (born February 18, 1947) is an American physician and abortion provider who is certified in both obstetrics and gynecology and in preventive medicine. He is known for his research into abortion.

## Education

Grimes received his undergraduate degree in biology from Harvard University, after which he attended medical school at the University of North Carolina. He later earned certification from the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, after which he was also certified in Public Health and General Preventive Medicine from the American Board of Preventive Medicine.

## Career

Grimes performed his first abortion in 1972. He worked as an epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control for nine years, where he also served as the head of the abortion surveillance branch. He is also a former faculty member at the medical schools of Emory University, the University of Southern California, the University of California-San Francisco, and the University of North Carolina, as well as the former vice president for biomedical affairs at Family Health International in North Carolina's Research Triangle Park. He was inducted into the Institute of Medicine in 2007. He retired from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in 2014, where he was formerly a clinical professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology.

## Research

Grimes has been described as "a leading researcher and abortion provider". In 2012, he co-authored a review article that found that legal abortion was "markedly safer than childbirth".
# Lansing Roller Derby

Lansing Roller Derby (LRD) is a flat track roller derby league based in Lansing, Michigan. It was formed in 2021 by the merger of two Lansing area leagues, the Lansing Derby Vixens, and East Lansing Roller Derby. The Lansing Derby Vixens were formerly a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

## History
### Lansing Derby Vixens

The Lansing Derby Vixens were founded in April 2010. Julie Cotton Reed (a.k.a. Cotton Fire), a former skater with Demolition City Roller Derby, became the league's first coach, moving to the city as the league was being founded. The league launched a B team at the end of 2011, choosing its name through a vote by fans.
The league was accepted as a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association Apprentice Program in July 2012, and became a full member of the WFTDA in June 2013.
Until 2015, the Lansing Derby Vixens played at the Lansing Center. In 2016, Lansing Derby Vixens hosted a WFTDA Division 2 Playoff tournament at the Summit Sports and Ice Complex in Dimondale, leading to recognition as a "Community Champion" by the Greater Lansing Convention and Visitors Bureau for bringing the event and its associated visitors and business to Lansing.

### East Lansing Roller Derby

East Lansing Roller Derby was also founded in 2010, initially practicing at Demonstration Hall at Michigan State University in East Lansing.

### Merger

On December 3, 2021, the Lansing Derby Vixens and East Lansing Roller Derby announced that they would be merging into a single league, to be known as Lansing Roller Derby.

## Junior team

LRD includes a junior team, initially founded as the Cap City Wild Childs in 2011, and now known as Lansing Junior Roller Derby.

## WFTDA rankings

WFTDA rankings from 2013 to 2019 apply to the Lansing Derby Vixens.
| Season | Final ranking | Playoffs | Championship |
| 2013 | 115 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2014 | 105 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2015 | 95 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2016 | 126 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2017 | 136 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2018 | 244 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2019 | 231 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
# Grismer's bent-toed gecko

Grismer's bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus grismeri) is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to southwestern Vietnam.

## Etymology

The specific name, grismeri, is in honor of American herpetologist Larry Lee Grismer.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of C. grismeri is caves in forest, at altitudes around 100 m (330 ft).

## Description

C. grismeri is reddish brown, and has an average snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 88 mm (3.5 in).

## Behavior

C. grismeri is terrestrial, nocturnal, and saxicolous.

## Reproduction

C. grismeri is oviparous.
# Ernest Leak

Ernest Leak (28 October 1872 – 22 August 1945) was an Australian cricketer. He played in twelve first-class matches for South Australia between 1895 and 1910.
# Kevin Altieri

Kevin Altieri is an American television director of animated cartoons. Altieri's directorial works include episodes of C.O.P.S., Batman: The Animated Series and Stripperella.
Altieri worked on the music video for Pearl Jam's "Do the Evolution".
Altieri directed the five-minute pilot for Rat Bastard, a cartoon based on the Crucial Comics series of the same name; the short was produced by Imagine Entertainment and pitched to UPN in 2000.

## Partial filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1986 | Rambo: The Force of Freedom | Story direction |
| 1988 | COPS (animated TV series) | Director |
| 1989 | ALF Tales | Director |
| 1992 | Batman: The Animated Series | Director |
| 2003 | Stripperella | Director, producer |
| 2008-2009 | The Spectacular Spider-Man | Director |
| 2010-2011 | G.I. Joe: Renegades | Director |
| 2014 | Transformers: Rescue Bots | Director |
| 2017–2018 | Stretch Armstrong and the Flex Fighters | Director |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1984 | Exterminator 2 | Storyboard artist |
| 1993 | Batman: Mask of the Phantasm | Storyboard design, sequence director |
| 2000 | Gen$^{13}$ | Director, screenwriter |
| 2002 | Treasure Planet | Additional visual development |
# Erpobdella mestrovi

Erpobdella mestrovi is a species of troglobitic leech found only in deep caves in Northern Velebit, part of the Dinaric Alps of Croatia. The leech was first found in Lukina jama in 1994, which at 1431 meters deep is the deepest cave in Croatia. The leech has been found in several other caves systems in Velebit such as Slovacka jama (-1320 m), Olimp (-531 m) and Velebita (-1026 m), and is currently considered endemic to Croatia.
This leech inhabits underground streams and has several adaptations to deal with a rheophilic and troglobitic lifestyle. The leech lacks eyes, has pale skin, and strong suckers to help it move around its environment. A flat body prevents it from being swept away by the current. The leech moves in a caterpillar-like motion, alternating between its posterior and oral sucker. There are several extremities protruding from the sides that are theorized to be gills. This leech grows about 25 to 40 mm (1 to 1.6 in) in length and can handle temperatures as low as 4 to 6 °C (39.2– 42.8 °F).
# Hamnam Line (Chōtetsu)

Hamnam Line (咸南線, Kan'nan-sen) was the name given by the Chōsen Railway (Chōtetsu) of colonial-era Korea to a small network of 762 mm (30.0 in) narrow gauge railway lines in South Hamgyeong Province.

## History

A line from Hamheung on the Hamgyeong Line of the Chōsen Government Railway to Oro, to exploit forestry and other resources in the area, was originally planned by the Chosen Forestry Railway as part of a trunk line connecting Hamhung to Manpo via Changjin and Huju. The first section, 17.0 km (10.6 mi) from Hamheung to Oro, was opened on 7 June 1923, and on 25 August 1923, the 11.2 km (7.0 mi) Oro–Jangpung section and West Hamheung Station were opened.
On 1 September 1923, the Chōsen Forestry Railway merged with five other private railway companies to form the Chōsen Railway (Chōtetsu); Chōtetsu subsequently named the Hamheung–Jangpung line Hamnam Line.
On 1 October 1926, Chōtetsu opened a 15.1 km (9.4 mi) section of line from Oro to Sangtong; this was followed on 1 February 1928 by the 20.0 km (12.4 mi) section from Pungsang to Hamnam Songheung. Two years later, on 1 February 1930 the Hamnam Line was taken over by a newly established subsidiary company, the Sinheung Railway.
The Sinheung Railway continued to expand the network, and on 15 January 1932, after the existing Hamnam Songheung Station was renamed Hasonghung Station, the present Hamnam Songheung Station was opened 1.0 km (0.62 mi) from Hasongheung, and on 10 September 1933, the line was extended 31.6 km (19.6 mi) to Bujeonhoban.
The Sinheung Railway was absorbed by Chōtetsu on 22 April 1938, and Chōtetsu separated the Hamnam Sinheung–Bujeonhoban section from the Hamnam Line, naming that portion the Songheung Line.
After the establishment of North Korea and the nationalisation of its railways, the Hamnam Line was split up, with the Hamheung - Oro - Sinheung section becoming the Sinhŭng Line, and the Oro - Sangtong section becoming part of the Changjin Line. At the same time, the Songheung Line was merged into the Sinhŭng Line.

## Services

In the November 1942 timetable, the last issued prior to the start of the Pacific War, Chōtetsu operated the following schedule of third-class-only local passenger services:
# Ernst Jõesaar

Ernst Jõesaar (18 July 1905 Konguta, Tartu County – 10 November 1985 Stockholm) was an Estonian sculptor.
In 1933 he graduated from Pallas Art School. In 1944 he escaped to Sweden and started to live in Stockholm.

## Works

* 1937: figurative composition "Agriculture"
* 1938: monument "H. Mugasto"
* 1938: portrait "S. Leitu"
* 1939: portrait "O. Kangilaski"
* 1939: figurative composition "Man and Horse"
* 1968: relief "Remembrance"
# Haimbachia dumptalis

Haimbachia dumptalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1922. It is found in Guatemala.
# Ernie Newman

Ernest Henry Newman (27 December 1887–?) was an English professional footballer who played for Walsall, Stockport County and Tottenham Hotspur.

## Football career

Newman began his football career at Walsall. In 1909 he joined Stockport County where he featured in 19 matches and scored five goals. The inside forward went on to play for Tottenham Hotspur. Between 1909 and 1913 Newman made 32 appearances and scored seven goals in all competitions for the White Hart Lane club before ending his playing career.
# Hammatoderus colombiensis

Hammatoderus colombiensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Constantino, Benavides and Esteban in 2014. It is known from Colombia.
# Hammatoderus elatus

Hammatoderus elatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1872. It is known from Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia, Honduras, Panama, and Nicaragua.
# Erminold

Erminold was a Benedictine abbot. He was given to Hirschau Monastery, in Würzburg, Germany, as a small child. In 1110, he became the abbot of Lorsch, resigning and returning to Hirschau when his election was disputed. In 1117, Erminold became abbot of Prüfening. There he was assaulted by a lay brother and slain on 7 January 1121. The means of the murder was the use of a piece of timber, and the motive was the Abbot's excessive strictness.
# Kerrin

Kerrin is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Kerrin Harrison (born 1964), New Zealand badminton player
* Kerrin Hayes (born 1951), Australian rules footballer
* Kerrin Lee-Gartner (born 1966), Canadian alpine skier
* Kerrin McEvoy (born 1980), Australian jockey
* Kerrin Petty (born 1970), American-Swedish cross-country skier
* Kerrin Vautier, New Zealand economist

## Surname

* Jessica Scott Kerrin, Canadian writer
* Richard Kerrin (1898–1988), Scottish Anglican dean
# Hammer an der Uecker

Hammer an der Uecker is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The eponymous Uecker is a proximate river.

## History

From 1648 to 1720, Hammer an der Uecker was part of Swedish Pomerania. From 1720 to 1945, it was part of the Prussian Province of Pomerania, from 1945 to 1952 of the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, from 1952 to 1990 of the Bezirk Neubrandenburg of East Germany and since 1990 again of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
# Polaribacter filamentus

Polaribacter filamentus is a species of gas vacuolate polar marine bacteria. It was first isolated from sea ice and water from the Arctic and the Antarctic. Its type strain is ATCC 700397.
# Dole House

Dole House may refer to:
* James D. Dole Homestead, Waipahu, Hawaii, NRHP-listed
* Dole-Little House, Newbury, Massachusetts, a house museum
* Dole House (Lockport, New York), NRHP-listed
* Dole-Darrell House, Portsmouth, Ohio, NRHP-listed in Scioto County