OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Willem Verhulst

Willem Verhulst or Willem van Hulst was an employee of the Dutch West India Company and the second (provisional) Director of the New Netherland colony in 1625–26. Nothing can be verified about his life before and after this period. Verhulst may have consummated the purchase of Manhattan Island on behalf of the Dutch West India Company, although there is still considerable debate over the evidence that also supports the purchase by Peter Minuit.

## Life and career

Verhulst sailed from the Netherlands in January 1625 on the ship Orangenboom ("Orange Tree") as "provisionally director of the colonists". In April of that year, four more ships sailed out with settlers and farm animals (the ships were named Paert, Koe, Schaep, and Makreel, meaning "horse, "cow", sheep" and "mackerel"). He had received detailed instructions from the board of directors. In 1625, Verhulst oversaw the decision to locate Fort Amsterdam, the company's main fortress, and town on the tip of Manhattan Island in the colony of New Netherland. The settlement, which was given the name New Amsterdam, was the first permanent European settlement in what was later called New York City.
Verhulst was not popular with the Dutch colonists and was quickly replaced by Peter Minuit. He sailed back to the Dutch Republic on the Wapen van Amsterdam ("Arms of Amsterdam") which left September 23 and arrived November 4, 1626 in Amsterdam. He brought with him the news that the colony was doing well and that Manhattan had been bought from the natives for goods valued at 60 guilders, leading some historians to propose that the otherwise obscure Verhulst oversaw this transaction. Although, there is still significant debate over the evidence, whether Minuit or Verhulst had executed the permission of the island of Manhattan.and the traditional version of the story attributes Peter Minuit with conducting and completing the purchase.
# Spirit of London (disambiguation)

Spirit of London may refer to:
* A prototype Alexander Dennis Enviro400 type London bus, named Spirit of London, which replaced the vehicle destroyed on 7 July 2005 by a terrorist bomb.
* A cruise liner constructed by Cantieri Navali del Tirreno & Riuniti, named Spirit of London, launched in 1972 and subsequently renamed MV Ocean Dream.
* An annual award ceremony launched in 2009 by the Damilola Taylor Trust, named Spirit of London Awards, intended to encourage talented young people.
# William Drummond Matheson

Captain William Drummond Matheson MC was a Canadian World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.
Sergeant Matheson was promoted to temporary 2nd lieutenant (on probation) on 12 November 1916. He continued to serve with #25 Squadron from 12 November 1916 to 16 March 1917. Wounded by machine gun fire, his left foot had to be amputated. After his hospitalization in Canada, on 2 Oct 1918 he was posted to the School of Special Flying; and on 19 December 1918 he was again posted, this time to Headquarters.
His citation for the Military Cross, published in the Supplement to the London Gazette, states:
   Temp. 2nd Lt. William Drummond Matheson, Genl. List and R.F.C. For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in leading a formation of eight machines against 16 of the enemy. He drove down one hostile machine and eventually succeeded in landing his machine safely in spite of being attacked by several enemy machines. On other occasions he has brought down four hostile machines.

## List of aerial victories

See also Aerial victory standards of World War I.
| No. | Date/time | Aircraft | Foe | Result | Location | Notes |
| 1 | 22 October 1916 @ 09:00 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2b serial number 7007 | German Scout | Destroyed | Southwest of Seclin | Observer: William Meggitt |
| 2 | 22 November 1916 | FE.2b | Enemy aircraft | Driven down | Arras | |
| 3 | 24 January 1917 | FE.2b | German scout | Driven down | Mericourt | |
| 4 | 4 March 1917 @ 11:15 hours | FE.2b s/n 7025 | LVG two-seater | Destroyed | Courrieres | Observer: W. A. Barnes. Victory shared with three air crews, including Reginald Malcolm and Leonard Herbert Emsden |
| 5 | 16 March 1917 | FE.2b | Enemy aircraft | Driven down | Neuvireuil | |
# William Drury (dramatist)

William Drury (floruit 1641) was an English dramatist.

## Life

Drury was an English gentleman "of singular parts and learning". He was for some time imprisoned in England on account of his adherence to the Catholic religion, but around 1616 he was released through the intercession of Count Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador in London. In October 1618 he began to teach poetry and rhetoric at the English College at Douay.

## Works

He wrote three Latin plays in verse, which were exhibited with great applause, first privately in the refectory of the college, and afterwards publicly in the quadrangle. These are:
* Alvredus sive Alfredus, Tragi-Comœdia ter exhibita in seminario Anglorum Duaceno ab ejusdem collegii Juventute, Anno Domini m.dc.xix., Douay, 1620, 16mo (on the history of Alfred the Great and his subsequent deliverance of his people). At the end of the volume is a poem entitled ‘De venerabili Eucharistia ab apibus inventa et mirabiliter servata, de qua scribit Cæsarius, lib. 9, cap. 8. Carmen elegiacum.’
* Mors, comœdia. Printed with the preceding work, Douay, 1620, 16mo. Death and the Devil, in person, play the principal parts in this curious drama, or rather farce, of which Douce speaks in laudatory terms in his book on Holbein's ‘Dance of Death’.
* Reparatus, sive Depositum. Tragico-Comœdia. First published, together with the two preceding works, in Drury's ‘Dramatica Poemata,’ Douay, 1628, 12mo; reprinted at Antwerp, 1641, 12mo.
# William Drummond of Logiealmond

Sir William James Charles Maria Drummond of Logiealmond FRS FRSE DCL (bapt. 26 September 1769 – 29 March 1828) was a Scottish diplomat and Member of Parliament, poet and philosopher. His book Academical Questions (1805) is arguably important in the development of the ideas of English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Drummond lived in London from 1809 and died in Rome on 29 March 1828.

## Life

He was born in Perthshire, the son of John Drummond of Perth and educated at both St Andrew's University and Oxford University.
In 1798, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposers being Dugald Stewart, Alexander Keith and John Playfair. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London the following year.

## Career

In 1795, he was MP for St. Mawes, and in the elections of 1796 and 1801 was returned for Lostwithiel. These were both rotten boroughs in Cornwall. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1799 He became sworn as a Privy Counsellor in 1801, and left Parliament as a diplomat, as Envoy to the court of Naples.
In 1803, he became British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. Appointed by the Levant Company on 14 January 1803, he arrived at the Dardanelles the following May. He was there for less than a year and then he returned to England in 1804. From 1806 to 1809 he served as Envoy to the Court of Naples for a second time. He was knighted in 1813 or 1814.

## The Argument of Academical Questions

The title of Drummond's book refers to the later Platonic Academy, which was, in fact, not so much Platonist as Sceptical in orientation, based on the work of Pyrrho the Sceptic and later followers of Pyrrho such as Carneades. Academical Questions is a work in the Sceptic tradition, in this case influenced by the Sceptical Scottish philosopher David Hume.
According to C.E. Pulos's 1954 book, The Deep Truth: A Study of Shelley's Scepticism, Drummond uses Sceptical Humean ideas in an attempt to refute the British philosophy predominant in his day, the Common Sense ideas of Thomas Reid and his followers. These had been enunciated first in Reid's An Enquiry into the Human Mind (1765). The quotation, "He, who will not reason is a bigot; he who cannot, is a fool; and he, who dares not, is a slave" has been credited to Drummond.

## Other writings

His Oedipus Judaicus references the Oedipus Aegyptiacus of Athanasius Kircher, and was printed for private circulation. It was reprinted in 1866, having proved highly controversial (introduction to 1986 reprint by James P. Carley). It interprets passages from the Book of Genesis (in particular the Chedorlaomer story), and the Book of Joshua, in allegorical fashion, with a detailed argument based on astrology.

## Works

* A Review of the Government of Sparta and Athens (1794)
* Academical Questions (1805)
* Herculanensia (1810) with Robert Walpole
* Memoir on the Antiquity of the Zodiacs of Esneh and Dendera (1821)
* Oedipus Judaicus (1811, privately circulated and reprinted in 1866)
* Odin (1818), poem
* Origines, or Remarks on the Origin of several Empires, States, and Cities (1824–29)
# Spring Grove, Wisconsin

Spring Grove is a town in Green County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 861 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Oakley and the ghost towns of Clarence and Tyrone are located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.8 square miles (103.1 km$^2$), all of it land.
Spring Grove is home of the Indian Half-Way Tree.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 861 people, 290 households, and 243 families residing in the town. The population density was 21.6 people per square mile (8.3/km$^2$). There were 308 housing units at an average density of 7.7 per square mile (3.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 96.63% White, 1.28% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.
There were 290 households, out of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.2% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 11.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $45,515, and the median income for a family was $45,893. Males had a median income of $30,769 versus $21,522 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,975. About 4.7% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Albert M. Ten Eyck, academic
* Fred Ties, Wisconsin State Representative, lived in the town; Ties served as chairman of the Spring Grove Town Board
# Sports Park station

Sports Park station may refer to
* Sports Park station (Busan Metro), a metro station in Busan, South Korea
* Sports Park station (Chongqing Rail Transit), a metro station in Chongqing, China, on the Loop line of Chongqing Rail Transit
* Sports Park station (Harbin Metro), a metro station in Harbin, China, on Line 3 of Harbin Metro
* Sports Park station (Nantong Metro), a metro station under construction in Nantong, China, on Line 2 of Nantong Metro
# William Goss

William Goss may refer to:
* William Henry Goss, English potter
* William Freeman Myrick Goss, American mechanical engineer and inventor
* Roland Drew, né William Goss, actor
# Sonneborn (disambiguation)

Sonneborn is a municipality in Thuringia, Germany.
Sonneborn may also refer to:
* Harry J. Sonneborn (died 1992), executive of McDonald's
* Jan Martín Sonneborn (born 1984), German-Israeli-Spanish basketball player
* Jessica Sonneborn, American actress, writer, director and stunt double
* Engelbert Sonneborn (born 1938), German retired career counselor and independent candidate at the 2017 German presidential election
* Martin Sonneborn (born 1965), German satirist
* Rudolf Sonneborn (1898–1986), American businessman, led the Sonneborn Institute
* Tracy Sonneborn (1905–1981), American biologist
* Sonneborn–Berger score, tool to decide ranking of Swiss system tournament in chess and other games
* Sonneborn (Nuhne), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary of the Nuhne
* Sonneborn Building, also known as Paca-Pratt Building, a historic loft building in Baltimore, Maryland, United States
# List of mountain peaks of the Blue Mountains (New South Wales)

List of mountain peaks in the Greater Blue Mountains Area:
* Mount Boyce
* Mount Bindo
* Mount Trickett
* One Tree Hill
* Mount Piddington
* Mount York
* Mount Solitary
* Mount Banks
* Mount Stormbreaker
* Mount Hay, New South Wales
* Mount Cloudmaker
* Mount Wilson, New South Wales
* Mount Irvine
* Mount Tomah
# Kildare of Storm

Kildare of Storm is a lost 1918 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Metro Pictures and directed by Harry L. Franklin. It stars Broadway actress Emily Stevens. June Mathis and Jere F. Looney provided the scenario.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Kate (Stevens), urged on by her ambitious mother (Lindroth), weds Basil Kildare (Baggot), the last of the famous Kildares of Kentucky, and goes to Storm, the family estate, to live. Her husband proves to be a beast, and Kate and Dr. Jacques Benoix (Kent), Basil's best friend, fall in love despite their mutual knowledge that they should not. When Basil is slain, Jacques is convicted of murder. He is pardoned after five years and devotes his life to curing the sick at a mountain sanitarium. Mahaly (Short), former housekeeper to the Kildares, comes to the sanitarium and confesses on her deathbed that it was she that slew Basil because he had wronged her. Exonerated before the world, Dr. Benoix feels justified in claiming his happiness with Kate.

## Cast

* Emily Stevens as Kate Kildare
* King Baggot as Basil Kildare
* Crauford Kent as Dr. Jacques Benoix
* Florence Short as Mahaly
* Edwards Davis as Gov. Claiborne
* Helen Lindroth as Mrs. Leigh
* Maggie Breyer as Mrs. Benoix
* Fred Warren (Undetermined role) (credited as Fred H. Warren)

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, Kildare of Storm was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors required a cut, in Reel 1, two closeups of baby in crib to include the first kidnapping scene, and, Reel 4, two closeups of men fighting on the ground.
# Jaitharia

Jaitharia or Jetharia is a clan of Bhumihar community. They are mostly found in the Saran, Muzaffarpur and Vaishali district of Bihar, India.

## Origin

Jetharia clan of Bhumihars has its origins from a Awadhi Brahmin ruler of bhatner (Gangeshwar deo).

## History

The rulers of Bettiah Raj belonged to Jaitharia clan of Bhumihar.
# James B. Harvey

James B. Harvey served as the International Commissioner of Scouts Canada. In 1974, Harvey was awarded the 86th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

## Background

Prior to working the Scouts, Harvey had been an Air Vice-Marshal in Canada.
# Estigmene angustipennis

Estigmene angustipennis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by 1855. It is found in South Africa.
# Ivan Vajda

Ivan Vajda (born 4 September 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Croatia.

## Biography

Vajda, who was born in 1978, began his career on the satellite tour in 1995. He won his first Futures title in 1998, the Pakistan F1 in Islamabad, then in 2000 he won the Macedonia F3 tournament held in Skopje. His two ATP Tour main draw appearances in singles both came at the Croatia Open Umag, as a qualifier in 2000 and as a wildcard entrant in the 2001 tournament. In June 2001 he reached his best ranking of 223 in the world and made the second round of qualifying at the Wimbledon Championships. Later that year he appeared for the Croatia Davis Cup team in a World Group qualifying tie against Italy in Rome. He featured in a dead rubber reverse singles match, which he lost to Italian Filippo Volandri.
Retiring in 2007, Vajda now works as a tennis coach based in Zagreb, where he runs a tennis academy.
# Euura nigricantis

Euura nigricantis is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed within galls on the leaves of dark-leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia). It was described by Jens-Peter Kopelke in 1986.

## Description of the gall

The dark-red sausage shaped gall (10 mm x 2 mm), is usually in pairs, either side of the midrib and on the upper side of the leaf. On the lower side of the leaf, it is flush with the surface. Inside the gall is a single caterpillar, along with frass. The galls are formed on the leaves of dark-leaved willow (S. myrsinifolia).
Euura nigricantis is one of seven closely related species in the Euura dolichura species group.

## Distribution

This species has been recorded from Austria, Finland, Great Britain (Scotland), and Sweden.
# Euura pustulator

Euura pustulator is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of tea-leaved willow (Salix phylicifolia) and diamondleaf willow (Salix pulchra).

## Description of the gall

The thin-walled gall is ovoid, bladder-like, usually green and may broaden the leaf. It is 11 mm long and 5 mm across and is found on tea-leaved willow (S. phylicifolia) and diamondleaf willow (S. pulchra).
Euura pustulator is one of two closely related species in the Euura vesicator subgroup; the other being E. vesicator.

## Distribution

The sawfly has been recorded from Finland, Great Britain (northern England and Scotland), Russia, Slovakia and Sweden.
# Kim Dinh

Kim Dinh is a ward (phường) of Bà Rịa in Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Vietnam.
# Sint Maarten national cricket team

The Sint Maarten national cricket team has represented the Dutch Overseas Territory of Sint Maarten in cricket. The team is not a member of the International Cricket Council, but is a member of the Leeward Islands Cricket Association, which itself is a member association of the West Indies Cricket Board, and players from Sint Maarten generally represent the Leeward Islands cricket team at domestic level and the West Indies at international level. Sint Maarten has however played as a separate entity in matches which held Twenty20 status, but has not appeared in first-class or List A cricket. The team's current coach is Rishie Singh, who was appointed in 2009. As of September 2014, the team's captain is Kenroy David.

## History

A Sint Maarten cricket team is first recorded in West Indian cricket in 2000 against touring English county side Leicestershire. The team made its debut in the NAGICO Leeward Islands One-Day tournament against the British Virgin Islands in 2003, and has continued to play in the tournament since then. Sint Maarten finished as runners-up in the 2009 edition.
In 2004, Sint Maarten hosted first-class cricket for the first time when the Leeward Islands played the Windward Islands in the 2003/04 Carib Cup at the Carib Lumber Ball Park, Philipsburg. To date the Carib Lumber Ball Park has played host to six first-class and one List A match.
Sint Maarten were invited to take part in the 2006 Stanford 20/20, whose matches held official Twenty20 status. They played one match in the tournament against the United States Virgin Islands, which they lost by 47 runs, resulting in their elimination from the tournament. Two years later, they were invited to take part in the 2008 Stanford 20/20, where they were due to play Cuba in the preliminary round. However, as the tournament was organised by Allen Stanford, a US citizen, Cuba were barred from participating in the tournament due to the United States embargo against Cuba, and Sint Maarten were thus granted a bye into the next round. They played Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in the next round, and were beaten by 10 runs. These matches mark Sint Maarten's only major appearances in cricket.

## Notable players

    See List of Sint Maarten Twenty20 players and Category:Sint Maarten cricketers
# 2014 Ohio Bobcats football team

The 2014 Ohio Bobcats football team represented Ohio University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by tenth year head coach Frank Solich and played their home games at Peden Stadium. They were members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 6–6, 4–4 in MAC play to finish in second place in the East Division. Despite being bowl eligible, they were not invited to a bowl game.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | 6:00 p.m. | at Kent State | Dix StadiumKent, OH | ESPN3 | W 17–14 | 22,754 |
| September 6 | 3:30 p.m. | at Kentucky* | Commonwealth StadiumLexington, KY | ESPNU | L 3–20 | 51,910 |
| September 13 | 12:00 p.m. | at Marshall* | Joan C. Edwards StadiumHuntington, WV (Battle for the Bell) | CBSSN | L 14–44 | 31,710 |
| September 20 | 7:00 p.m. | Idaho* | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | ESPN3 | W 36–24 | 25,211 |
| September 27 | 2:00 p.m. | Eastern Illinois* | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | ESPN3 | W 34–19 | 23,027 |
| October 4 | 3:30 p.m. | at Central Michigan | Kelly/Shorts StadiumMount Pleasant, MI | ESPN3 | L 10–28 | 18,223 |
| October 11 | 2:00 p.m. | Bowling Green | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | ESPN3 | L 13–31 | 24,311 |
| October 18 | 2:00 p.m. | Akron | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | ESPN3 | W 23–20 | 20,018 |
| October 25 | 2:00 p.m. | at Western Michigan | Waldo StadiumKalamazoo, MI | ESPN3 | L 21–42 | 20,225 |
| November 5 | 8:00 p.m. | Buffalo | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | ESPNU | W 37–14 | 15,405 |
| November 18 | 8:00 p.m. | Northern Illinois | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | ESPNU | L 14–21 | 15,118 |
| November 25 | 7:00 p.m. | at Miami (OH) | Yager StadiumOxford, OH (Battle of the Bricks) | ESPN2 | W 24–21 | 11,956 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Singureni, Giurgiu

Singureni is a commune located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Crânguri, Singureni and Stejaru.