OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chhering Mutup

Naib Subedar Chhering Mutup, AC is a retired Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO) with the Ladakh Scouts who was awarded the Ashoka Chakra, India's highest peacetime military decoration.
On 21 February 1985, Lance Havildar Chhering Mutup headed a team of soldiers that attacked and captured a crest in the Siachen glacier. In spite of bad weather and poor visibility, Chhering and his team accomplished the difficult task.

## Early life

Chhering Mutup was born in Likir, Leh, Ladakh and joined the Ladakh Scouts in 1965.

## Military career

Chhering volunteered to lead a patrol to capture the crest line overlooking an Indian post on the Saltoro ridge. He accomplished the task in extremely hostile weather in high altitude. For the gallantry he displayed, he was awarded the Ashok Chakra in 1985. He retired as an Honorary Naib Subedar on 1 July 1989.

## Ashoka Chakra Citation

The Ashoka Chakra citation on the Official Indian Army Website reads as follows:
   L/HAV CHHERING MUTUP LADAKH SCOUTS (9920311) (Effective date of the award: 21st February, 1985)
   Lance Havildar Chhering Mutup was required to accomplish an extremely difficult assignment in one of the forward locations of Jammu and Kashmir. Undeterred by extremely hostile conditions of altitude, high velocity winds, heavy snow and blizzards, Lance Havildar Chhering Mutup led his patrol gallantly from fold to fold and accomplish the assignment. In the process, he exhibited the most conspicuous courage, bold initiative and presence of mind.
   Lance Havildar Chhering Mutup thus displayed the most conspicuous gallantry , cool courage and devotion to duty of an exceptionally high order.

## Family

Mutup's son Tsewang Morup also joined the Indian Army, serving with 2 Ladakh Scouts, and was awarded the Vir Chakra for outstanding gallantry in the 1999 Kargil War. He achieved the rank of subedar-major in 2023, and was killed in an accident on 1 April 2023, when his car skidded off a road near Leh.
# Solomon Islands at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics

The Solomon Islands competed at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki, Finland, from August 7 to 14, 1983.

## Men
### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Charlie Oliver | 800 metres | Did not start | Did not start | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Charlie Oliver | 1500 metres | 4:18.24 | 51 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Women
### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Florence Gaza | 200 metres | 30.43 | 43 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Florence Gaza | 400 metres | DNS | DNS | | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Solotchinskoye peat railway

54°48′27″N 40°01′42″E﻿ / ﻿54.80739°N 40.02821°E﻿ / 54.80739; 40.02821
The Solotchinskoye peat railway is located in Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The peat railway was opened in 2010, has a total length of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) and is currently operational. The track gauge is 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in).

## Current status

Solotchinskoye peat railway emerged in the 1950s, in the area Ryazansky District, in a settlement named Priozerny. The railway had a maximum length of about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) at their peak. Railway was built for hauling peat and workers in 1995 the railway was dismantled. Work restoration railway started in 2010, work continued throughout the year. The railway has been restored for the transport of peat and has a total length of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), and operates year-round. A peat briquette factory was built and put into operation in 2010 in a settlement named Priozerny.

## Rolling stock
### Locomotives

* TU6A – № 2917
* ESU2A – № 402, 1003
* TD-5U Pioneer

### Railroad car

* Flatcar
* Snowplow
* Track laying cranes
* Open wagon for peat
* Hopper car to transport track ballast

## Gallery

* Hopper car to transport track ballast
* Open wagon for peat
* Track new
* Open wagon for peat
* Railroad switch new
* Peat briquette factory
# Chenu, Sarthe

Chenu (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France.
# Sofie Garrucho

Sofie Garrucho is the first FHM Philippines Girl Next Door (2005). She appeared in the cover of FHM (November 2005) issue. She has signed a contract with Viva and is a current member of the Viva Hot Babes.

## Other information

* Cover girl of FHM November 2005.
* She currently has a blog in FHM Philippine Online- SOFIE's FHM BLOG
* She has appearances in other issues of FHM and is listed amongst FHM Philippines 100 sexiest.
* Currently the face of KAI REGENCY SPA for 2009

## Other credits

* FHM Philippines Girls Next Door Contest Grand Winner 2005
* FHM Philippines Cover for Girls Next Door Booklet. Sept. 2005
* FHM Philippines Poster Insert Sept 2005
* FHM Philippines November 2005 Cover Girl
* FHM Philippines Calendar Girl for the month of March 2006
* FHM Philippines top 100 Sexiest Women 2006 (Rank 45th)
* FHM Philippines May 2007 Issue
* FHM Philippines top 100Sexiest Women 2007 (Rank 88th)
* FHM Philippines top 100sexiest Women 2008 (Rank 92nd)
* FHM Singapore - FHM Singapore's "Global Girl Next door" 2007 issue
* ASIA SPA Magazine - Sept/Oct 2008 - Ad for KAI REGENCY SPA Spa
* LA ISLA MAGAZINE - Air Philippines Inflight magazine Ad for KAI REGENCY SPA

## Filmography
### Movies

* Skin City
* Fashion TV Asia : Asian Inspired Shoot with Photographer Sao Esquillon
* Fashion TV Asia : Midnight Hot
* When Timawa meets Delgado

### TV guestings

* Eat Bulaga!
* Quizon Ave. (Defunct Comedy Show)
* Men's Room (Defunct STudio 23 TV show)
# Lex Aternia Tarpeia

The lex Aternia Tarpeia was a Roman law, introduced by the consuls Aulus Aternius Varus and Spurius Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus in 454 BC, and passed during their year of office. The law concerned the regulation of payments for fines and penalties.

## Background

The law was promulgated against a background of tensions between the plebeian and patrician orders. The year after their successful campaign against the Aequi, the consuls Titus Romilius Rocus Vaticanus and Gaius Veturius Cicurinus were prosecuted by Gaius Calvius Cicero, one of the tribunes of the plebs, on the grounds that the soldiers had been deprived of their spoils. Romilius was fined 10,000 asses, and Veturius 15,000. The lex Aternia Tarpeia was introduced in order to regulate such fines.

## Provisions

The law drew upon Athenian precedent, as Solon's laws allowed fines levied in livestock to be transmuted into coinage. After the prosecution of Romilius and Veterius, Roman emissaries were sent to study Greek law; according to tradition, they went to Athens, but they may instead have drawn on the laws of Magna Graecia, a region of Greek colonies in southern Italy. The best known result of this commission was the establishment of the Decemvirs, who held power from 451 to 449, and established the Twelve Tables of Roman law.
The lex Aternia Tarpeia seems to have been an earlier result of the commission's findings. It is not mentioned by Livy or Dionysius, but was described by Cicero, Aulus Gellius, and is alluded to by Pliny. Before the new law, fines had generally been levied in livestock; for minor offences, fines ranged from two sheep up to thirty oxen. Dionysius mentions a maximum fine of two oxen and thirty sheep, although Gellius gives the reverse. The value of fines was naturally dependent on the quality of the livestock, which could be highly inconsistent. The lex Aternia Tarpeia is said to have addressed this defect by establishing an equivalence scale: ten asses for a sheep, and one hundred for an ox. Some scholars suggest that the law did no more than regulate the maximum fine, or suprema multa, and that the change from fines of property to fines in bronze was the result of the lex Julia Papiria, a law passed in 430 BC.
# Bulbophyllum occultum

Bulbophyllum occultum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Journal of Physics G

Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes theoretical and experimental research into nuclear physics, particle physics and particle astrophysics, including all interface areas between these fields.
The editor-in-chief is Jacek Dobaczewski, University of York, England.

## Scope

The journal publishes research articles on:
* theoretical and experimental topics in the physics of elementary particles and fields;
* intermediate-energy physics and nuclear physics;
* experimental and theoretical research in particle, neutrino, and nuclear astrophysics;
* research arising from all interface areas among these fields.
Research is published in the following formats:
* Research Papers: Reports of original and high-quality research work;
* Research Notes: Contributions from individuals (or small groups) within large collaborations, containing early results of analyses, detector development, simulations, etc. which might not otherwise be published in the wider literature;
* Topical Reviews: Specially commissioned review articles on areas of current interest;
* LabTalk: Article summaries written by the researchers themselves which introduce the findings, techniques, and possible applications of their research.

## Abstracting and indexing information

The journal is indexed in INSPEC Information Services, ISI (Science Citation Index, SciSearch, ISI Alerting Services, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences), Article@INIST, and Chemical Abstracts.
# John Bramall

John Bramall (18 August 1923 – 13 June 2000) was an English sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Ryan's Daughter.

## Selected filmography

* Ryan's Daughter (1970; co-nominated with Gordon McCallum)
# Charlotte Erickson

Charlotte J. Erickson (October 22, 1923 – July 9, 2008) was an American historian.

## Early life and education

Erickson was born in Oak Park, Illinois a suburb of Chicago, where her father was a Swedish Lutheran minister. She graduated from Augustana College at Rock Island, Illinois in 1945, and from Cornell University with a MA and a PhD.
In 1944, when she attended the summer seminar of the Institute of World Affairs. She studied at the London School of Economics, between 1948 and 1950, under the guidance of Professor T.S. Ashton and under Professor David Glass.

## Career

In 1950 to 1952, she taught at Vassar College.
From 1976 to 1978, she was the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar at the California Institute of Technology. In 1982, she was the Paul Mellon chair of American History at Cambridge University. From 1983 to 1986, she was chair of the British Association for American Studies.

## Personal life

In 1952, Erickson returned to England to marry Louis Watt; they had two sons, Tom and David; their marriage was dissolved in 1992.

## Awards

* 1966–67 Guggenheim Fellow in Washington D.C.
* 1990 MacArthur Fellows Program

## Works

* American Industry and the European Immigrant, 1860-5, Harvard University Press, 1957
* British industrialists: steel and hosiery, 1850-1950 University Press, 1960
* Invisible Immigrants: the adaptation of English and Scottish immigrants in 19th-century America London School of Economics and Political Science; Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972, ISBN 9780297994688
* Leaving England: essays on British emigration in the nineteenth century, Cornell University Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-8014-2820-3
# Daviesia purpurascens

Daviesia purpurascens, commonly known as purple-leaved daviesia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a glabrous shrub with many branchlets, scattered, erect, cylindrical, sharply pointed phyllodes and yellow and maroon flowers.

## Description

Daviesia purpurascens is a glabrous shrub that typically grows to a height of about 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and has many erect, greyish to purplish branchlets. Its phyllodes are scattered, cylindrical, 5–50 mm (0.20–1.97 in) long and 0.7–1.5 mm (0.028–0.059 in) long and sharply pointed. The flowers are arranged in leaf axils in up to three groups of two to ten flowers on a peduncle 0.25–2 mm (0.0098–0.0787 in) long, the rachis up to 14 mm (0.55 in) wide, each flower on a pedicel 0.5–3 mm (0.020–0.118 in) long with spatula-shaped bracts 0.75–1.5 mm (0.030–0.059 in) long at the base. The sepals are 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.138 in) long and joined at the base, the upper two lobes longer than the lower three. The standard petal is egg-shaped, 5.5–6.0 mm (0.22–0.24 in) long, 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) wide, and yellow with a maroon base. The wings are 5.0–5.5 mm (0.20–0.22 in) long and maroon, the keel about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and maroon. Flowering occurs in August and September and the fruit is an inflated egg-shaped pod 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Daviesia purpurascens was first formally described in 1995 by Michael Crisp in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens from specimens collected near Bendering by Ian Brooker in 1979. The specific epithet (purpurascens) means "becoming purplish".

## Distribution and habitat

Purple-leaved daviesia grows in the shrub layer of mallee woodland in five disjunct populations in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Great Victoria Desert, Mallee and Murchison biogeographic region of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Daviesia purpurascens is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions,
# Kedai Makan

Kedai Makan is a Malaysian restaurant on Seattle's Capitol Hill, in the U.S. state of Washington.
It was originally owned by Kevin Burzell and Alysson Wilson, who opened the first brick-and-mortar location in 2013 after starting as a pop-up. Kedai Makan closed in October 2022, but has since reopened under new ownership, and is now planning to open a second location in Belltown.

## Description

The Malaysian restaurant Kedai Makan operates on Seattle's Capitol Hill. Its menu has included ayam goreng masala, chili pan mee, duck noodles, nasi goreng belacan, nasi lemak, pho, and sarawak laksa. The restaurant has also served a burger, fried frog legs, Malaccan-style Hainanese chicken, pickled veggies, roti with lentil curry, "sweet-spicy" tofu, and tripe. The Ngow Lam Fan has noodles with stewed beef, five spice, beef ball, peanuts, and mustard greens.

## History

Initially a pop-up restaurant, the original brick-and-mortar location opened in 2013. It took over the space previously occupied by Taco Gringos on Olive Way in January, with next door "sibling" dive bar Montana Bar (or simply Montana). It continued to offer murtabak (stuffed pancake) and a line of bottled sauces at the Capitol Hill Farmers Market, as of 2014.
Kedai Makan expanded from a take-out operation to a full service establishment during 2015. The restaurant closed in October 2022, but has since reopened under new ownership.
Kedai Makan has also hosted pop-ups, such as the German business Dackel in 2013–2014.
As of 2024, Kedai Makan plans to open a second location at 2234 1st Avenue in Seattle's Belltown neighborhood.

## Reception

Eater Seattle included Kedai Makan in 2014 lists of the city's 38 "essential" restaurants. In 2016, Providence Cicero of The Seattle Times gave the restaurant a three-star rating, and The Stranger's Angela Garbes complimented the owners, saying their "affection for and study of Malaysian food is evident in the restaurant's complex, boldly flavored dishes".
# 2010 Aegon International – Men's doubles

Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski were the defending champions and they won in the final 6–3, 5–7, [10–8] Colin Fleming and Ken Skupski.

## Seeds

* Łukasz Kubot / Oliver Marach (first round)
* Mariusz Fyrstenberg / Marcin Matkowski (champions)
* Julian Knowle / Andy Ram (first round)
* Simon Aspelin / Paul Hanley (semifinals)

## Main draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | Ł Kubot O Marach | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Melo B Soares | 6 | 6 | | | M Melo B Soares | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | J Delgado D Inglot | 2 | 2 | | | J Benneteau M Llodra | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Benneteau M Llodra | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | M Melo B Soares | 4 | 4 | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Knowle A Ram | 4 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | C Fleming K Skupski | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | C Fleming K Skupski | 6 | 7 | | | C Fleming K Skupski | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Almagro E Schwank | 2 | 6$^4$ | | WC | J Baker J Ward | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | J Baker J Ward | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | C Fleming K Skupski | 3 | 7 | [8] |
| | J Marray J Murray | 4 | 7 | [2] | | | | | | | | | | 2 | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 6 | 5 | [10] |
| | A Golubev A Seppi | 6 | 5 | [10] | | A Golubev A Seppi | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Hutchins J Kerr | 3 | 3 | | 4 | S Aspelin P Hanley | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | S Aspelin P Hanley | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 4 | S Aspelin P Hanley | 6 | 3 | [9] | | | | | |
| | M Emmrich A Siljeström | 6 | 3 | [8] | | | | | 2 | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 4 | 6 | [11] | | | | | |
| | L Mayer H Zeballos | 3 | 6 | [10] | | L Mayer H Zeballos | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Friedl D Vemić | 6$^4$ | 2 | | 2 | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Kaunispe

Kaunispe is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
# Ernest Albert Egerton

Ernest Albert Egerton VC (10 November 1897 – 14 February 1966) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Egerton was born on 10 November 1897. When he was 19 years old, and a Corporal in the 16th Battalion, The Sherwood Foresters (The Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment), British Army during the First World War, he was awarded the VC for his actions during the Battle of Passchendaele.
On 20 September 1917 southeast of Ypres, Belgium: ...during an attack, visibility was bad owing to fog and smoke. As a result, the two leading waves of the attack passed over certain hostile dugouts without clearing them and enemy rifles and machine-guns from these dugouts were inflicting severe casualties. Corporal Egerton at once responded to a call for volunteers to help in clearing up the situation and he dashed for the dugouts under heavy fire at short range. He shot a rifleman, a bomber and a gunner, by which time support had arrived and 29 of the enemy surrendered.
He later achieved the rank of sergeant. He served in the Home Guard in World War II and died on 14 February 1966.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Sherwood Foresters Museum in Nottingham Castle.
# Ernest Ellis (singer)

Ernest Ellis is an Australian singer-songwriter. His fourth album, The Pariah, was written over four years after his move to New York City.

## Discography
### Albums

List of albums, with selected details :
| Title | Details |
| Hunting | Released: June 2010 Format: CD, digital Label: Dew Process (DEW9000268) |
| Kings Canyon (as Ernest Ellis & The Panamas) | Released: 2011 Format: LP Label: Dew Process |
| Cold Desire | Released: 2014 Format: CD, digital Label: Spunk (URA452) |
| Be the Pariah | Released: August 2020 Format: CD, digital Label: Heroism |

### Charting singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | AUS | Album |
| "Loveless" | 2010 | 72 | Hunting |
# Eric Tassie

Eric Harry Tassie (12 October 1887 – 21 July 1936) was an Australian rules football administrator. He was president of the Australian National Football Council (ANFC) from 1929 to 1935.
Tassie was a son of Henry Tassie, who was a government minister in South Australia. He attended Way College, Adelaide, and played football for the school team and later for various lower-level clubs. An accountant by profession, Tassie became manager of the Norwood Football Club's B-grade team in 1912, and then in 1914 was elected club treasurer. He became club secretary in 1919, holding that position until 1924, and was a club delegate to the South Australian Football League (SAFL) from 1920 until his death. Tassie managed the South Australian state team at the 1924 National Carnival, and was a state selector on a number of other occasions.
After several years as a delegate from South Australia and a term as vice-president, Tassie was elected ANFC president at its general meeting in November 1929, succeeding Alf Moffat of Western Australia. He held the position until November 1935, when he resigned and nominated Bob Rush of Victoria as his successor. During his presidency, Tassie was known for his flexibility with regard to the laws of the game. He presided over the reintroduction of the flick pass for the 1934 season, and at one point suggested tackling should be banned in order to free up the flow of play. Tassie died unexpectedly in July 1936, aged 48, while undergoing an operation on his mastoid process. After his death, the Tassie Medal was struck in his honour, to be awarded to the best player at each Australian National Football Carnival.