OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1993 Foster's Cup

The 1993 AFL Foster's Cup was the Australian Football League pre-season cup competition played in its entirety before the 1993 season began.

## Games
### 1st Round

| Home team | Home team score | Away team | Away team score | Ground | Crowd | Date |
| Richmond | 22.15 (147) | Sydney | 10.7 (67) | Lavington Oval | 7,062 | Saturday, 13 February |
| Carlton | 9.18 (72) | Footscray | 10.14 (74) | Waverley Park | 20,019 | Saturday, 13 February |
| Fitzroy | 15.9 (99) | Geelong | 13.9 (87) | Waverley Park | 6,423 | Sunday, 14 February |
| Collingwood | 8.13 (61) | Melbourne | 9.11 (65) | Princes Park | 11,665 | Wednesday, 17 February |
| St Kilda | 10.11 (71) | West Coast | 16.15 (111) | Subiaco Oval | — | Saturday, 20 February |
| North Melbourne | 5.6 (36) | Adelaide | 27.21 (183) | Football Park | 24,234 | Wednesday, 24 February |
| Essendon | 16.17 (113) | Brisbane | 11.10 (76) | Kardinia Park | 3,929 | Saturday, 27 February |

### Quarter-finals

| Home team | Home team score | Away team | Away team score | Ground | Crowd | Date |
| Footscray | 13.12 (90) | Fitzroy | 13.17 (95) | Kardinia Park | 4,179 | Sunday, 28 February |
| Hawthorn | 11.7 (73) | Richmond | 17.11 (113) | Waverley Park | 16,288 | Wednesday, 3 March |
| Melbourne | 5.9 (39) | West Coast | 11.9 (75) | Waverley Park | 7,276 | Saturday, 6 March |
| Adelaide | 13.10 (88) | Essendon | 16.11 (107) | Waverley Park | 6,867 | Sunday, 7 March |

### Semi-finals

| Home team | Home team score | Away team | Away team score | Ground | Crowd | Date |
| Fitzroy | 14.8 (92) | Richmond | 15.8 (98) | Waverley Park | 18,683 | Wednesday, 10 March |
| West Coast | 9.7 (61) | Essendon | 12.9 (81) | Waverley Park | 13,193 | Saturday, 13 March |

### Final

| Home team | Home team score | Away team | Away team score | Ground | Crowd | Date |
| Richmond | 11.13 (79) | Essendon | 14.18 (102) | Waverley Park | 75,533 | Saturday, 20 March |
# Liesgau

The Liesgau was a shire (Gau) of the Duchy of Saxony in the early medieval period, roughly corresponding to the former Osterode district of Lower Saxony. It was situated on the south-west side of the Harz Mountains in what is now the German state of Lower Saxony. Its southern bound was near the town of Duderstadt and its northern bound near Osterode, and its western bound near the River Leine. Its eastern boundary corresponds to the present-day eastern border of Lower Saxony.
The Liesgau is mentioned under the name Hlisgo in several documents from the 9th to 11th centuries. It was bordered by the following counties (list may be incomplete): Salzgau, Harzgau, Helmengau, Eichsfeld, Lochne, Suilberge. Its most important town was Pöhlde. In the 13th century, the Liesgau became part of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and later closely corresponded to the Grubenhagen subdivision of this duchy.
# Euoplos raveni

Euoplos raveni is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2021 by Australian arachnologists Jeremy Wilson and Michael Rix. The specific epithet raveni honours Australian arachnologist Robert Raven.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in south-east Queensland in the greater Brisbane area, south of the Brisbane River. The type locality is riparian wet sclerophyll forest in Burbank.
# Chatter Telephone

The Chatter Telephone is a pull toy for toddlers 12 to 36 months of age. Introduced in 1961 by the Fisher-Price company as the "Talk Back Phone" for infants and children, which was updated to the name Chatter Telephone in 1962, is a roll along pull toy. It has a smiling face, and when the toy is pulled, it makes a chattering sound and the eyes move up and down. The toy has a rotary dial that rings a bell, and was conceived as a way to teach children how to dial a phone.
The original version was made of wood, with a polyethylene receiver and cord. In 2000, Fisher-Price changed the rotary dial for a push-button version with lights in an effort to modernize the toy, but consumers complained and the rotary version returned to the market the following year. The Chatter Telephone was designed by Ernest Thornell, whose daughter Tina would drag around a metal phone while playing. This gave him the idea of adding wheels, which with a bent axle permitted the movement of eyes, adding to the "whimsical" nature, that Herman Fisher desired of all Fisher-Price toys (from phone conversation with Ernie Thornell and recollections of Herm Fisher by John Smith).
From its introduction through the 1970s, the Chatter Telephone was Fisher-Price's best selling product. It has been cited as one of the company's offerings that helped save Fisher Price in the 1990s following a failed attempt to market toys for older children in the late 1980s, and enjoys continuing popularity. It is available both as an authentic reproduction and in a modern form.

## In popular culture

* In 1985, Fisher-Price offered to donate a Chatter Telephone, Rock A Stack, and Activity Center to NASA for Senator Jake Garn to play with while on the STS-51-D space shuttle mission. This offer was rejected as NASA felt there was insufficient time to test the toys for safety.
* In the 1999 movie, The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland, Elmo owns a Chatter Telephone.
* The 2002 Venetian Snares album 2370894 features a melted Chatter Telephone on its cover art.
* In 2003, the Chatter Telephone was listed as one of the 100 most memorable toys of the 20th century by the Toy Industry Association.
* In 2005, the Chatter Telephone was chosen as one of Dr. Toy's Best Classic Toys.
* A Chatter Telephone toy appears in the 2010 animated film Toy Story 3 as a supporting character, who has been at Sunnyside Daycare for many years, and helps Woody save his friends from Lotso, notably warning him about a cymbal-banging monkey who watches the daycare’s security cameras and alerts Lotso to toys attempting to escape. He is voiced by Teddy Newton and speaks with a film noir style, and a Brooklyn accent.
* The Chatter Telephone influenced an art car created by Howard Davis for his telecommunications company.
* A Chatter Telephone appears on the cover of American rock band Thee Oh Sees' 2011 album Castlemania.
* A Chatter Telephone appears in the 2017 animated film The Boss Baby. He also appears in the sequel The Boss Baby: Family Business.
* A Chatter Telephone prominently appears in the 2022 horror film Skinamarink.
# John Godwin

John Godwin may refer to:

## Politicians

* John Godwin (died c. 1547), MP for Wells
* John Godwin (by 1507 – 1556 or later), MP for Wells
* John Venimore Godwin (1814–1898), photographer and mayor of Bradford, 1865–1866

## Sportspeople

* John Godwin (baseball) (1877–1956), American baseball player
* John Godwin (rower) (1904–1973), British rowing coxswain

## Others

* John Godwin (Royal Navy officer) (1919–1945), British Naval Reserve officer during World War II
* John Godwin (architect) (1928–2023), Nigerian British architect
# John Donovan (Irish politician)

John Thomas Donovan (1878 – 17 January 1922) was an Irish barrister and nationalist politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1914 to 1918.
Born in Belfast, Donovan was called to the bar at the King's Inns in 1914.
He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for West Wicklow at a by-election in August 1914, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward Peter O'Kelly. He did not defend his seat at the 1918 general election, when it was won by the Sinn Féin candidate. He stood instead in South Donegal, where he was defeated by Sinn Féin's Peter J. Ward.
# Chapel of the Immaculate Conception, Bengħisa

The Chapel of the Immaculate Conception is a Roman Catholic church in Bengħisa near the town of Birżebbuġa in the Southern Region of Malta. The church was built in 1822 for the use of local farmers by Rev. Ġakbu Gauci. The mason Francis Callus was the builder of the church. Between 1861 and 1862 the church was extensively rebuilt and extended by Rev. Ġuzepp Gauci, the nephew of founder Rev. Ġakbu Gauci. The chapel was consecrated by Gaetano Pace Forno in 1862. It is listed Grade 2 on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.
Above the doorway of the church is the belfry; the facade of the chapel is decorated with Tuscan pilasters. The name 'Concetta' is inscribed on the bell of the church. Professor and translator Pietru Pawl Saydon was the priest of the church for more than 30 years. Saydon translated the Bible into Maltese.
# Cortin

Cortin may refer to:
* Cortin, a synonym for corticosteroid
* Cortin, a trade name for the antifungal drug clioquinol
# Charencey

Charencey may refer to:
* Charencey, Côte-d'Or, a commune in the Côte-d'Or department, France
* Charencey, Orne, a commune in the Orne department, France
# John H. Smith (mathematician)

John Howard Smith is an American mathematician and retired professor of mathematics at Boston College. He received his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963, under the supervision of Kenkichi Iwasawa. In voting theory, he is known for the Smith set, the smallest nonempty set of candidates such that, in every pairwise matchup (two-candidate election/runoff) between a member and a non-member, the member is the winner by majority rule, and for the Smith criterion, a property of certain election systems in which the winner is guaranteed to belong to the Smith set. He has also made contributions to spectral graph theory and additive number theory.
# SS Kattenturm

Two ships of the Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft Hansa were named Kattenturm:
* SS Kattenturm (1906), seized by Italy in 1916
* SS Kattenturm (1944), seized by the United Kingdom in 1944
# John Greenwood

John Greenwood may refer to:

## Sportspeople

* John Greenwood (cricketer, born 1851) (1851–1935), English cricketer
* John Eric Greenwood (1891–1975), rugby union international who represented England
* John Greenwood (footballer) (1921–1994), English footballer
* Jack Greenwood (footballer) (born 1943), Australian footballer of the 1960s
* John Greenwood (racing driver) (1945–2015), American driver and co-founder of Greenwood Corvettes

## Others

* John Greenwood (divine) (1556–1593), Puritan divine
* John Greenwood (educator) (died 1609), English schoolmaster
* John Greenwood (artist) (1727–1792), colonial American artist
* John Greenwood (dentist) (1760–1819), George Washington's dentist and the "father of modern dentistry"
* John Greenwood (bus operator) (1788–1851), transport entrepreneur from Salford
* John Greenwood (lawyer) (1800–1871), English lawyer and cricketer
* John Greenwood (cartographer) (fl. 1821–1840), and his brother Christopher, cartographer and publisher
* John Danforth Greenwood (1803-1890), physician and educationist, Sussex and New Zealand
* John Greenwood (MP) (1821–1874), British Member of the UK Parliament for Ripon
* John Greenwood (composer) (1889–1975), English composer of classical and film music
* John Greenwood (executive) (1950–2008), British catering executive
* John Greenwood (Australian politician) (born 1934), member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
* John Greenwood (surgeon) (born 1962 or 1963), Australian surgeon
# Couler Valley

The Couler Valley is a valley near Dubuque, Iowa, and has the Bee Branch Creek, previously known as the Couler Creek, located in it. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) long. It is found in the Driftless Area.

## Etymology

The name Couler has unknown meanings, however it could originate from the French couler or "to cast." Previously, the lower section went by Langworthy Hollow.

## History

It has been interpreted that the Little Maquoketa River used to flow through the Couler Valley.
Mining started in the valley in 1788 when Julien Dubuque befriended the Fox Indians. Most of the Couler Valley was included in the land grant to Dubuque by the Spanish Empire. After Dubuque's death, the Indians took over mining and exported lead to white settlers who had a furnace on a Mississippian Island. In 1833, settling was permitted west of the Mississippi and mining was resumed by settlers.

## Geography

The Couler Valley stretches for about 5 miles (8.0 km) in between the valleys of the Little Maquoketa River in Sageville to the Mississippi River in Dubuque in the south. It is drained southeastwardly by the Bee Branch. During high floods, the Little Maquoketa River can also occupy parts of the valley. It is 200 feet (61 m) deep, 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide, and has a flat alluvial bottom.

## Geology

The ore district around the Couler Valley has large amounts of zinc and lead. Those minerals were mined extensively in the 19th century. The lithology of the surface consists of loess and residuum.
# John Lanigan

John Lanigan may refer to:
* John Lanigan (historian) (1758–1825), Irish Church historian
* John Lanigan (radio) (born 1943), American radio and TV personality
* John Lanigan (politician) (1803–1868), Irish politician
* John Lanigan (hurler) (1912–1988), Irish hurler
* John Lanigan (tenor) (1921–1996), Australian operatic tenor
* John J. Lanigan (1935–2014), American businessman and politician
* John R. Lanigan (1902–1974), United States Marine Corps general
# Cosgaya

Cosgaya is a Spanish town in the municipality of Camaleño, situated in the comarca of Liébana, located in the furthermost area to the west of Cantabria. The town lies on the right bank of the Deva River. In 2006 it had a population of 47 (INE).
It is divided in three rural neighbourhoods: Areños, Treviño and Cosgaya

## Gallery

* Houses in Cosgaya
* Neighbourhood of Areños
* This article related to Cantabria, Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Spain location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Coulsdon West (ward)

Coulsdon West was a ward in the London Borough of Croydon, covering part of the Coulsdon area of London in the United Kingdom. The ward formed part of Chris Philp MP's Croydon South constituency, which has one of the highest majority's for the Conservative Party in London. At the 2011 Census the population of the ward was 13,449.
The ward returned three councillors every four years to Croydon Council. At the 2006 Croydon Council election, Gavin Barwell, Brian Cakebread and David Osland were elected to the council. All of them were running as Conservative Party candidates. In the ward the Labour Party's highest ranking candidate got only 481 votes, one of the lowest for them in London.

## Ward result

Croydon Council Election 2006: Coulsdon West (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | David Osland | 2,706 | |
| | Conservative | Gavin Barwell | 2,685 | |
| | Conservative | Brian Cakebread | 2,640 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Avril Bristow | 775 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Jean Callen | 745 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Brian Glaister | 627 | |
| | Labour | Sarah Ward | 481 | |
| | Labour | Richard Ackland | 475 | |
| | Labour | Lee Findell | 435 | |
| | Green | Andrew Lindsay | 429 | |
| | The People's Choice | Sheila Lockwood | 168 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,226 | 42.8% |
# Chama (surname)

Chama is a surname of Zambian origin that may refer to:
* Adrian Chama (born 1989), Zambian footballer
* Albert Chama, Zambian Anglican bishop
* Bronson Chama (born 1986), Zambian footballer
* Clatous Chama (born 1991), Zambian footballer
* Davies Chama (born 1964), Zambian politician
* Dick Chama (1946–2006), Zambian footballer and coach
* Enock Chama, Zambian boxer
* Noel Chama (born 1997), Mexican racewalking athlete
# Chama, Colorado

Chama is an unincorporated community and U.S. Post Office in Costilla County, Colorado, United States.

## History

Chama is located in the Rio Culebra valley which is part of the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant was awarded to the family of Carlos Beaubien in 1843 by the government of New Mexico. The town of Chama was established by settlers from Chamita, New Mexico, in 1860. The Chama Post Office opened on May 3, 1907. The Chama school was taken down between the years of 1999 and 2001.

## Description

Most of Chama's houses are made of adobe. Many of them are very old. There are also a lot of rocks and "chamiso" sagebrush in Chama. The community lies at the foot of the Culebra Ranch.
# John Leante

John Leante (fl. 1383) was an English Member of Parliament.
He was related to the MP for Shaftesbury in 1386, Edward Leante.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Shaftesbury in 1383.
# Course

Course may refer to:

## Directions or navigation

* Course (navigation), the path of travel
* Course (orienteering), a series of control points visited by orienteers during a competition, marked with red/white flags in the terrain, and corresponding purple symbols on the map

## Education

* Course (education), a unit of instruction in one subject, lasting one academic term
* Course of study, or academic major, a programme of education leading to a degree or diploma

## Food

* Course (food), a set of one or more food items served at once during a meal. The main ingredient is often meat or fish. It most often follows an appetizer, soup, or salad.
* Main course, the primary dish in a meal consisting of several courses.

## Sports

* Courses and rules, in show jumping, an equitation or equestrian obstacle course
* Coursing, the pursuit of game or other animals by dogs
* Golf course, an area of land designated for the play of golf
* La Course by Le Tour de France ("La Course"), a women's professional road course bicycle race that accompanies Le Tour (Tour de France)
* Obstacle course, a series of challenging physical obstacles an individual or team must navigate for sport
* Race course, for the racing of people, animals, and vehicles

## Other uses

* Course (architecture), a continuous horizontal layer of similarly sized building material, in a wall
* Course (medicine), a regime of medical drugs, or the speed of evolution of a disease
* Course (music), a pair or more of adjacent strings tuned to unison or an octave and played together to give a single note, in a stringed instrument
* Course (sail), the principal sail on a mast of a sailing vessel
* String course, a continuous narrow horizontal course or moulding which projects slightly from the surface of a wall
* The Course, a Dutch dance music group
* Watercourse, the channel that a flowing body of water follows
# John M. Kennedy Jr.

John M. Kennedy Jr. is a politician from Suffolk County, New York. In 2014, he was elected to Suffolk County Comptroller on the Republican ticket, garnering 53% of the vote.
He served as County Legislator for the 12th Legislative District of Suffolk County, New York, for 10 years. In 2011, he was chosen from among the Republican Caucus in Suffolk to serve as Minority Leader for the Suffolk County Legislature, serving until his term ended in December 2014.

## Education and background

John M. Kennedy Jr. was born and raised in Suffolk County, and is a long-term resident of Nesconset, New York. Kennedy received his B.A. in psychology with a concentration in Biology from SUNY Stony Brook in 1979. He also attended Adelphi University where he received his MBA and additionally has a Juris Doctor from St. John's University School of Law. He is married with four adult children.

## Electoral history

In November 2004 Kennedy was first elected as County Legislator, receiving 60% of the vote running on the Republican Party, Independence Party, Conservative and Working Families tickets. In 2011, Kennedy received 73.66% of the vote against his Democratic opponent, Martin Aponte, who received 26.31%.
In November, 2014 Kennedy beat Democrat James Gaughran in the election for Suffolk County Comptroller, despite being outspent $800,000 to $100,000.
# John Hinton

John Hinton may refer to:
* Jack Hinton (John Daniel Hinton, 1909–1997), New Zealand soldier awarded the Victoria Cross
* John Hinton (rugby) (1860–1931), Wales international rugby union player
* John Hinton (baseball) (1876–1920), American baseball player
* John Hinton (footballer), English footballer active in the 1910s and 1920s
* John Hinton (priest), Archdeacon of Ossory from 1700 to 1713
* John Hinton (Dean of Tuam) (1672–1743), Anglican priest in Ireland
* John Howard Hinton (1791–1873), English author and Baptist minister
* J. M. Hinton (John Michael Hinton, 1923–2000), British philosopher
# John Hinkson House

The John Hinkson House in Harrison County, Kentucky near Shawhan, dates from c.1790. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
The house is a three-bay two-story dry stone house hall-parlor plan house. It was built by John Hickson, a Revolutionary War soldier and famous early settler, who led the first group of white men up the Licking River to settle in this area.
The listing included four contributing buildings and a contributing structure. It has also been known as the Old Ammerman Place.
# John Leigh Douglas

John Leigh Douglas (1741–1810) was a British Royal Navy officer who served with distinction during the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary Wars. His impressive career spanned over three decades, during which he commanded several ships and played a key role in several significant battles.

## Early life and career

Born in 1741, Douglas was the son of Reverend Alexander Douglas of Baads, Midlothian, Scotland and Isabel Houston. He began his naval career at a young age, joining the Royal Navy as a Midshipman in 1756. Douglas's early years in the navy were marked by rapid promotion, and he became a Lieutenant on 17 June 1760.

## American Revolutionary War

Douglas's first command was the 14 gun HMS Chameleon, which he took charge of in 1777. He sailed to Jamaica in December of that year and played a key role in the naval campaign against the French. Douglas was promoted to Captain 5 April 1779 and took command of HMS Terrible which he led to victory at the Moonlight Battle near Cape St. Vincent 16 January 1780. He led the ship in several battles, including the Battle of Martinique (1780) on 17 April 1780, where he distinguished himself with bravery and tactical skills, receiving praise, amongst five other captains from Admiral Sir George Rodney.

## Later career and legacy

After the American Revolutionary War, Douglas continued to serve in the Royal Navy, commanding several ships and participating in various naval campaigns. He was promoted to Rear Admiral of the Blue on 1 June 1795, Rear Admiral of the Red in 1799 and Vice Admiral of the Blue on 1 Jan 1801. Douglas's distinguished career was marked by his exceptional leadership skills, bravery, and strategic thinking. He is remembered as one of the most accomplished naval officers of his time.
Douglas's life and career have been the subject of several historical studies and research papers. His contributions to the Royal Navy and his role in shaping British naval history are still celebrated today.

## Personal life

Douglas married Charlotte Douglas, daughter of John Douglas, MP for Hindon. The couple had no children, but Douglas's legacy lived on through his notable contributions to the Royal Navy.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Admiralty (1803). A list of the flag officers & other commissioned officers of His Majesty's fleet 1803. Pater Noster Row, London: M. and S. Brooke. pp. 24–25.
* ↑ Schomberg, Isaac (1802). Naval chronology; or, An historical summary of naval & maritime events, from the time of the Romans, to the Treaty of Peace, 1802. With an appendix. v.3. Hudson's Court, Strand, London: C. Roworth. p. 181.

## Sources

* John Leigh Douglas - more than Nelson