OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans-Paul Schwefel

Hans-Paul Schwefel (born December 4, 1940) is a German computer scientist and professor emeritus at University of Dortmund (now Dortmund University of Technology), where he held the chair of systems analysis from 1985 until 2006. He is one of the pioneers in evolutionary computation and one of the authors responsible for the evolution strategies (Evolutionsstrategien). His work has helped to understand the dynamics of evolutionary algorithms and to put evolutionary computation on formal grounds.
Schwefel was born in Berlin. He attended the Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) and graduated as an aerospace engineer in 1965 and got his Dr.-Ing. in 1975. While as a student at TU Berlin, he met Ingo Rechenberg in November 1963. Both of them were studying the aero- and space technology and both of them were keen on cybernetics and bionics. Rechenberg was dealing with wall shear stress measurements and Schwefel was responsible for organizing fluid dynamics exercises for other students. Together they were dreaming of a research robot working according to cybernetic principles, but computers became available only later on.
While attending the Hermann Föttinger-Institute for Hydrodynamics (HFI) at TU Berlin, he and Rechenberg began performing experiments upon wings, kinked plates, and other objects related to fluid dynamics. The main objective of those experiments concerned optimizing the shape and/or parameters through mostly small modifications on the real objects, a "technique" they called experimental optimization, in order to reduce the drag, increase the thrust, and so on. Applying classical optimization methods (such as Gauss–Seidel and gradient-based techniques) on such experiments showed that those methods are not well suited to be adopted in experimental optimization, mainly due to noisy measurements and/or multimodality. They realized modifying all the variables at same time via a random manner (e.g., small modifications are more frequent than larger ones). This was the seminal idea to bring to light the first, two membered, evolution strategy, which was initially used on a discrete problem (optimization of a kinked plate in a wind tunnel) and was handled without computers.
Some time later, Schwefel expanded the idea toward evolution strategies to deal with numerical/parametric optimization and, also, has helped to formalize it as it is known nowadays.
Schwefel was one of the initiators of the Parallel Problem Solving from Nature conference series.
# Saray, Kızılcahamam

Saray is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızılcahamam, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 61 (2022).
# Giovanni Melchiorre Calosso

Giovanni Melchiorre Calosso (1759 – 21 November 1830) was an Italian priest. He is significant due to his mention in John Bosco's memoirs for having assisted Bosco greatly in becoming a priest himself.

## Biography

Little to nothing is known concerning Calosso's youth. In 1872, he graduated from the University of Turin with a degree in theology. In 1813, he became a guest of his brother and the priest of the town Berzano di San Pietro. LaIn 1829, aged 70, he relocated and became Murialdo's chaplain. It was there that he met young Bosco. He was impressed by the youth's ability to memorize and recite that day's sermon, so much so that he decided to instruct Bosco personally, so that Bosco could become a priest as he wished.
One year later, on 21 November 1830, Calosso was struck by apoplexy, while Bosco was out on an errand. On his death bed, he asked to see Bosco one last time. Bosco ran to Calosso's house, where, just before he died, unable to speak because of the pain, Calosso gave Bosco the key to a drawer, telling him that what it contained was for him, and him alone. At the funeral, Bosco gave the key to Calosso's grandnephews. Contained within the safe was six thousand lira, which Bosco refused to accept, overcome with the loss of his father-figure.
# Lahti Basketball

Lahti Basketball is a Finnish basketball club based in Lahti. It plays in the Korisliiga, the highest tier league in Finland. A phoenix club, the club was established in 2015 as a successor of Namika Lahti. Martin Mustonen and Kari Härkönen, also active with Namika, founded the club in August. Finnish international Vesa Mäkäläinen transferred from Namika to the new club.
In the 2018–19 season, Lahti Basketball promoted to the Finnish first tier Korisliiga.

## Former coaches

* Pieti Poikola
# Gours (disambiguation)

Gours may refer to:
* Rimstone
* Gours, Gironde, France
* Les Gours, Charente, France
# Dimaprit

Dimaprit is a histamine analog working as a selective H$_2$ histamine receptor agonist.
# Etlingera muriformis

Etlingera muriformis is a monocotyledonous plant species described by Axel Dalberg Poulsen. Etlingera muriformis is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
# Sotillo del Rincón

Sotillo del Rincón is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 231 inhabitants.
# Kerrigan (surname)

Kerrigan is a surname of Irish origin. Anglicized from the Gaelic "Ó Ciaragán." From the word ciar, it means "black; dark."

## People

Notable people with the surname include:
* Dan Kerrigan (1843–1880), American pugilist, sportsman, and politician
* Danny Kerrigan (born 1982), English footballer
* Daryl Kerrigan, Irish-American fashion designer
* Don Kerrigan (1941–1990), Scottish football player
* Frank Kerrigan (1868–1935), United States District Judge
* Gene Kerrigan, Irish journalist and novelist
* Herbert Kerrigan (1879–1959), American track and field athlete
* James Kerrigan (1828–1899), United States Representative from New York
* J. M. Kerrigan (James Michael Kerrigan, 1884–1964), Irish actor
* Jimmy Kerrigan (born 1959), Irish Gaelic football player
* Joe Kerrigan (born 1954), American baseball player
* John Kerrigan (disambiguation), several people
* Jonathan Kerrigan (born 1972), English actor
* Justin Kerrigan (born 1974), Welsh writer and film director
* Kait Kerrigan, American playwright, musical theater lyricist and book writer
* Kathleen Kerrigan (actress) (c.1869–1957), American actress
* Kathleen Kerrigan (judge), American federal judge
* Lodge Kerrigan (born 1964), American motion picture screenwriter and director
* Marguerite Kerrigan (1931–2022), American professional baseball player
* Michael Kerrigan (1952–2014), British television director
* Mike Kerrigan (born 1960), American football player
* Nancy Kerrigan (born 1969), American figure skater
* Patrick J. Kerrigan (1864–1895), New York assemblyman
* Patrick Kerrigan (1928–1979), Irish politician
* Paul Kerrigan (born 1986), Irish Gaelic footballer
* Peter Kerrigan (1899–1977), British trade unionist
* Rose Kerrigan (1903–1995), British communist
* Ryan Kerrigan (born 1988), American football player
* Simon Kerrigan (born 1989), English cricketer
* Steve Kerrigan (born 1971), American politician
* Steve Kerrigan (footballer) (born 1972), Scottish football player
* T. S. Kerrigan (Thomas Sherman Kerrigan, born 1939), American lawyer and poet
* Tom Kerrigan (golfer) (1895–1964), American golfer
* Tom Kerrigan (American football) (1906–1979), American football player
* J. Warren Kerrigan (1879–1947), American silent film actor and film director

### Fictional characters

* Sarah Kerrigan, fictional character in the StarCraft universe and Heroes of the Storm
* Ryan Kerrigan, fictional character fiancé of Amelia Shepherd in the Grey's Anatomy universe
# Kurangumala

Kurangumala (Monkey Hill) is a small sub-village of Kozhencherry town in Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India.
Kurangumala is a small hill in Kozhencherry. St. Thomas College is near to Kurangumala.
Majority of the population are Christians and Hindus.
# List of ghost towns in Nunavut

The following is a list of known abandoned communities in Nunavut, Canada.
* Amadjuak
* Brooman Point Village
* Craig Harbour
* Dundas Harbour
* Fort Ross
* Iglunga
* Killiniq
* Native Point
* Port Leopold
* Qatiktalik
* Tavani
* Umingmaktok
# Komochi, Gunma

Komochi (子持村, Komochi-mura) was a village located in Kitagunma District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 11,937 and a density of 291.36 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 40.97 km$^2$.
On February 20, 2006, Komochi, along with the town of Ikaho, the village of Onogami (all from Kitagunma District), and the villages of Akagi and Kitatachibana (both from Seta District), was merged into the expanded city of Shibukawa.
# Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox

Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox was a Scottish nobleman. In 1588, it was suggested to James VI of Scotland that Lennox marry Lady Arbella Stuart, the King's cousin and a claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.
# Cuencamé Municipality

Cuencamé is a municipality in the Mexican state of Durango. In 2015, the municipality had a total population of 35,415. The municipal seat lies at Cuencamé de Ceniceros. The municipality covers an area of 1324.9 km$^2$.

## Geography

The municipality had 276 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Cuencamé de Ceniceros (9,848), Cuauhtémoc (2,998), Velardeña (2,425), classified as urban, and Emiliano Zapata (2,050), Ramón Corona (1,870), Pedriceña (Estación Pedriceña) (1,765), and Pasaje (1,474), classified as rural.

### Climate

The area is semiarid. The ground is flat and surrounded by mountains. The average temperature is around 21.5 °C. The annual rainfall is 392.1 millimeters.

### Mountains

To the township North lies the San Lorenzo mountain. Between these mountains lie the main state highway and the railroad to Torreón, Coahuila. In this area there is the Huarichic Canyon. These mountains spread until the Lerdo township. And the name of this Mountains is “Sierra Fernández”.
In this chain of the mountains lies a San Isidro peak that is a wall of this chain of the mountains. In these mountains lie the Velardeña's valley and its mines. There are rural and steep mountains as a Guadalupe mountains that lies and combine the area landscape with Jimulco and Simon Bolivar, both in the state of Coahuila. These two mountains Guadalupe and Jimulco shape the most wide canyon of this area, between them it spreads the Aguanaval river and the state railroad. The name of this mountain is “Jimulco Canyon”. The Aguanaval river flow into the Nazas River, this is the main river in this area. The surrounding area to this mountains is arid and easy to watch the Cretaceous formation of the plates and layers of the ground.

### Rivers, lakes, and springs

The main river in this area is the Cuencamé stream. All of the rivers in this area arrive to the Cuencamé stream. There are many small streams that in the rainy season are plenty of water. There is another stream near to San Pedro Ocuila and other named the “Arrieras”. In the recent years many of these streams have decreased substantially. The Cuencamé stream runs into the Nazas river in the point named Rancho de Fernández. In the 1950s they were built two dams to keep the mountains water in the area. These dams have had helping to the agriculture needs in this north area.
# Earle F. Zeigler

Earle F. Zeigler (August 20, 1919 – September 29, 2018) was an American–Canadian academic who was one of the founders of modern American Sport Studies.

## Life

Zeigler was born in August 1919 in New York City. After high school he received a BA (German major) from the Bates College in Lewiston, Maine. From 1941-43 he worked as swim coach and director of watersports for the YMCA in Bridgeport, Connecticut. From 1943 until 1949 he was on the faculty of Yale University, where he received his MA (German) and his PhD (Education). He taught Theory of Physical Education, football and Wrestling as well as German at the University of Connecticut. In 1949 he moved to the University of Western Ontario, in London, Ont. where he taught German and from 1950 onward he was the Director of Physical Education also instructing Football, Wrestling and Swimming. From here he moved on to the University of Michigan (1956 – 1963), and the University of Illinois, Champaign, IL (1963 – 1971) where he was the Head of the Physical Education department. In 1971 he became the founding Dean of the Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Western Ontario (until 1989).
From his retirement he continued to lecture and publish. The WorldCat has 269 books of him and he has authored almost five hundred learned articles. In the more recent one he is criticizing physical education for losing focus and not using its full potential to help with the diverse illnesses of modern civilization. In his retirement he lived in British Columbia. He died in September 2018 at the age of 99 in Richmond, British Columbia.

## Honors

* 1955–56 Vice-President, Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation
* 1966 Fellow National Academy of Kinesiology
* 1974–75 President, Philosophic Society for the Study of Sport (today International Association for Sport Philosophy)
* 1975 Dr. h.c. University of Windsor, Canada
* 1977 Alliance Scholar-of-the-Year (AAHPERD)
* 1981–82 President, National Academy of Kinesiology
* 1983–85 Vice-President for Communications, Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
* 1988 Beginning of the Annual Earle Zeigler Lecture North American Society for Sport Management
* 1986 Honorary Past President, American Society for Sport Management
* 1988 Distinguished Service Award, International Society for Comparative Physical Education and Sport
* 1989 North Hetherington Award Recipients der NAK
* 1990 Gulick-Medal der AAHPERD
* 1991 Beginning of the Annual Earle Zeigler – Honorary Lecture at Western University
* 1997 Dr. h.c. University of Lethbridge
* 2006 Dr. h.c. University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.
# Dixon Hill

Dixon Hill may refer to:
* Dixon Hill (Star Trek), a metafictional detective in Star Trek
* Dixon Hill, a settlement on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas
* Dixon Hill, a neighborhood of Mount Washington, Baltimore
# Eureka High School

Eureka High School may refer to:
In the United States:
* Eureka High School (California), Eureka, California
* Eureka School, former school including a high school for African Americans in Georgia
* Eureka High School (Illinois), Eureka, Illinois
* Eureka High School (Kansas), Eureka, Kansas
* Eureka High School (Mississippi), former high school for African Americans in Hattiesburg, Mississippi
* Eureka High School (Missouri), Eureka, Missouri
* Eureka High School (Nevada), Eureka, Nevada
* Eureka High School (South Dakota), Eureka, South Dakota
# Sea and Land Church

The Sea and Land Church (known as the Northeast Dutch Reformed Church until 1864) is located at 61 Henry Street and Market Street in the Chinatown and Two Bridges neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City. It was built in 1819 of Manhattan schist, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 9, 1980. The structure is one of the three Georgian Gothic Revival churches on the Lower East Side with the other ones being St. Augustine's Chapel and the Church of the Transfiguration. It is also the second oldest church building in New York City.
The church stands on land that was once part of Henry Rutgers' estate, which he donated in 1816 to establish the Northeast Dutch Reformed Church (also known as the Market Street Church). Rutgers served on the consistory. Noted minister Theodore L. Cuyler was pastor from 1853 to 1860 when he accepted a position at Park Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn. The church's organ was built by Henry Erben and dates to 1841.
By 1866, most of the Dutch Reformed congregation had moved uptown, and shipping merchant Hanson K. Corning purchased the building on behalf of the Presbytery of New-York to serve seamen and their families. The Sea and Land Church sponsored steamboat excursions for its Sunday School to Dudley's Grove, just below Hastings-on-Hudson. In 1894, the church affiliated with the Madison Square Presbyterian Church as a means of survival, but this did not last.
Since 1951, the church building has been used by the First Chinese Presbyterian Church, a congregation of the Presbyterian Church (USA), which shared the site with the Sea and Land Church until 1972 when that congregation was dissolved. In 1974 the Presbytery of New York City officially transferred the church building to the First Chinese Presbyterian Church.
# Hammer and Anvil (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metal Hammer | 7/7 |
| Sea of Tranquility | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
| TeamRock | |
| The 405 | 8/10 |
Hammer and Anvil is the third full-length album by British progressive rock band Pure Reason Revolution, released by Superball Music on 15 October 2010 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, 18 October in the rest of Europe, and October 25 in the United States. According to Rock Sound, in Hammer and Anvil, "the band have retained most of their heavy hooks to create a great crossover record. A track like 'Last Man Last Round' will fit into many Pendulum fans' heads, whereas their progressive elements are still prevalent in 'Open Insurrection'". The album was new for the band in that all songs were co-written and co-produced by Tom Bellamy, an ex-member of the band The Cooper Temple Clause. Bellamy has full writing credit for the first track, 'Fight Fire'. Jon Courtney shares credit on all other tracks.

## Track listing

* "Fight Fire" - 4:29
* "Black Mourning" - 5:00
* "Patriarch" - 4:18
* "Last Man, Last Round" - 4:45
* "Valour" - 4:46
* "Over the Top" - 4:41
* "Never Divide" - 4:48
* "Blitzkrieg" - 5:34
* "Open Insurrection" - 7:20
* "Armistice" - 6:16
# LEMS

LEMS may refer to:
* Landstuhl Elementary Middle School, an American international school in Germany
* Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, results in muscle weakness
* The Lems electric car manufactured by the London Electromobile Syndicate
# Duff reaction

The Duff reaction or hexamine aromatic formylation is a formylation reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of benzaldehydes with hexamine as the formyl carbon source. The method is generally inefficient. The reaction is named after James Cooper Duff.
The reaction requires strongly electron donating substituents on the aromatic ring such as in a phenol. Formylation occurs ortho to the electron donating substituent preferentially, unless the ortho positions are blocked, in which case the formylation occurs at the para position.

## Examples

The modified salicylaldehyde 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde is prepared by the Duff reaction:
The natural product syringaldehyde can also be prepared by the Duff reaction. In this example, formylation occurs at the position para to the phenolic OH.
Unlike other formylation reactions the Duff reaction is able to attach multiple aldehyde groups. If both ortho positions are vacant then a diformylation is possible, as in the formation of diformylcresol from p-cresol. Conversion of phenol to the corresponding 1,3,5-trialdehyde has also been reported

## Reaction mechanism

The reaction mechanism is related to that for the Reimer–Tiemann reaction, which uses chloroform as the formylating agent. Protonated hexamine ring-opens to expose an iminium group. Addition to the aromatic ring results in an intermediate at the oxidation state of a benzylamine. An intramolecular redox reaction then ensues, raising the benzylic carbon to the oxidation state of an aldehyde. The oxygen atom is provided by water on acid hydrolysis in the final step.

## Historical references

Duff was a chemist at the College of Technology, Birmingham, around 1920–1950. who
* Duff, J. C.; Bills, E. J. (1934). "282. Reactions between hexamethylenetetramine and phenolic compounds. Part II. Formation of phenolic aldehydes. Distinctive behaviour of p-nitrophenol". J. Chem. Soc.: 1305. doi:10.1039/jr9340001305.
* Duff, J. C.; Bills, E. J. (1941). "96. A new general method for the preparation of o-hydroxyaldehydes from phenols and hexamethylenetetramine". J. Chem. Soc.: 547. doi:10.1039/jr9410000547.
* Duff, J. C.; Bills, E. J. (1945). "71. A new method for the preparation of p-dialkylaminobenzaldehydes". J. Chem. Soc.: 276. doi:10.1039/jr9450000276.
* Lloyd Noel Ferguson (1946). "The Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes". Chem. Rev. 38 (2): 227–254. doi:10.1021/cr60120a002. PMID 21024865.
* Ogata, Y.; Sugiura, F. (1968). "Kinetics and mechanism of the Duff reaction". Tetrahedron. 24 (14): 5001. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88408-8.
# Comprehensive medication management

Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is the process of delivering clinical services aimed at ensuring a patient's medications (including prescribed, over-the-counter, vitamins, supplements and alternative) are individually assessed to determine that they have an appropriate reason for use, are efficacious for treating their respective medical condition or helping meet defined patient or clinical goals, are safe considering comorbidities and other medications being taken, and are able to be taken by the patient as intended without difficulty.
CMM is generally delivered directly by a pharmacist in a clinic setting, in collaboration with other health care providers including primary care providers, nurse care coordinators, social workers, dietitians, diabetes educators, behavioral health, and more. Pharmacists who conduct CMM generally have a collaborative practice agreement with a physician at their site of practice, allowing them to prescribe and adjust medications for several chronic conditions including high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, asthma, chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease, anticoagulation management and smoking cessation among others.
Beyond assessing a patient's medications in their present state, the pharmacist delivering CMM will work with the patient to develop goals for the utilization of drug therapy, and schedule continual follow-up to ensure these goals are met. A key component of CMM is patient-centeredness, referring to the process by which the patient understands and agrees to the goals of therapy and actively participates in the plan for care.