OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hamamatsu Air Base

Hamamatsu Air Base (浜松基地, Hamamatsu-kichi) (ICAO: RJNH) is a Japan Air Self-Defense Force base located 3.0 NM (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north of the city of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, in central Japan.

## History

Hamamatsu Air Base was established in 1925 as an Imperial Japanese Army Air Force base to be home to the newly formed IJAAF No.7 Air Regiment. In 1933, it was designated as the primary flight school for Japanese army aviation. After World War II, the base facilities were used as an emergency landing strip by the United States Air Force, and were returned to the Japanese government in 1952 for use as a flight training school for the nascent Japan Air Self-Defense Force.
The training syllabus was transformed in 1954 into separate schools for flight training, aircraft maintenance and communications. The base was divided into northern and southern areas in 1958, with the operational area in the north housing the 1st Air Wing, and from 1960, the Blue Impulse aerobatic squadron and the southern area housing the administrative and training facilities.
The Blue Impulse squadron was transferred to Matsushima Air Base in 1981; however the team suffered from a fatal mid-air collision during a farewell performance at Hamamatsu in 1982
The First Air Wing transitioned from Lockheed T-33A trainers to Kawasaki T-4 trainers in 1988. In a fiscal reform in 1989, the northern and southern halves of the base were reunited into a single administrative entity. From 1998, Hamamatsu Air Base became the home base of Japan's squadron of Boeing E-767 AWACS aircraft.
In 1999, an aviation museum, the JASDF Hamamatsu Air Base Publication Center (航空自衛隊浜松広報館, Hamamatsu Kōhōkan), was established. It has many aircraft from the history of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force on static display, and also a restored example of a World War II era A6M5 Zero.
In 2004, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, Hamamatsu Air Base hosted a display by the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds aerobatic display team.
From 2008, the MIM-104 Patriot missile has been deployed at Hamamatsu Air Base.

## Organization

Hamamatsu Air Base is currently headquarters to the JASDF Air Training Command. Units currently based at Hamamatsu include:
* 1st Air Wing
** 31st Training Squadron (Kawasaki T-4)
** 32nd Training Squadron (Kawasaki T-4)
* Airborne Early Warning Group
** 602nd Squadron (Boeing E-767)
* Air Basic Training Wing
* Air Rescue Wing Hamamatsu Detachment (U-125A, UH-60J)
* Hamamatsu Anti-Aircraft Missile Group
* Air Officer Training School
* 1st & 2nd Technical School
* Air Training Aids Group
* Air Traffic Control Group
* Air Weather Service Group
* Hamamatsu Air Police Group
# Hamamasu District, Hokkaido

Hamamasu (浜益郡, Hamamasu-gun) was a district located in Ishikari Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.
As of 2004, the district had an estimated population of 2,179 and a density of 7.00 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 311.16 km$^2$.

## Former towns and villages

* Hamamasu

## Merger

* On October 1, 2005, the village of Hamamasu, along with the village of Atsuta (from Atsuta District), was merged into the expanded city of Ishikari.
# Hammatoderus laceratus

Hammatoderus laceratus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It is known from Mexico.
# Erminio Sipari

Erminio Sipari (1 December 1879 – 28 January 1968) was an Italian politician and naturalist, author of studies on the preservation of nature and founder of Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, which he chaired from 1922 to 1933.

## Biography

Sipari was born in Alvito, Lazio. His family, well known in southern Italy, had many properties in Terra di Lavoro, Abruzzo and Apulia. His father was the brother of Luisa Sipari, the mother of Benedetto Croce, and his mother, Cristina Cappelli, came from a noble family. Erminio studied in Rome and graduated in civil engineering at the University of Turin, after which he specialized in electrical engineering in Liège. Back in Italy in 1905, he established his own engineering firm, based in Rome and Pescasseroli.
In 1913, when Sipari was first elected in the Italian Parliament, he took the opportunity to draw attention to the real threat of extinction of important species, such as the Abruzzo chamois and the Marsican brown bear, and proposed the creation of a national park in the area of Marsica. In 1921 he was appointed as Undersecretary of State to the Italian Navy. In the same year, he founded the "Ente Autonomo of the Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo", who leased 5 square kilometres of land to be protected in the district of Opi. In September 1922 Sipari opened the Park in Pescasseroli. After, the park was recognized by Italian law (January 1923).
As its president, Sipari argued that the Abruzzo National Park must protect fauna and flora, but also allow the birth of tourism. He was able to create and manage a park based on sustainable development. He wrote numerous articles on the birth of the National Park and also a comprehensive report, called Relazione Sipari (1926), which at the time was considered the main promoter of nature conservation in Italy.
# Hans-Otto Spithaler

Hans-Otto Spithaler (born 1937 in Westphalia) is a German banker, lawyer and author who worked on restitution issues.

## Life and work

In 1973, he moved from the banking business to the paper processing industry in Berlin. He became a board member of Kroch companies, including "AG für Haus- und Grundbesitz.
For ten years worked on the restitution of looted art of the property aryanized from the Kroch family during the Nazi era. He is involved in various Kroch companies as a member of the supervisory board.
Hans-Otto Spithaler and the journalist Monika Zimmermann, wrote a history of the Jewish family business Kroch in Leipzig with its headquarter in the Kroch High-rise and its destruction under National Socialism. The Kroch restitution case was one of the largest private restitution cases.

## Literature

* Hans-Otto Spithaler, Rolf H. Weber, Monika Zimmermann: Kroch – Der Name bleibt: Das Schicksal eines jüdischen Familienunternehmens in Leipzig, mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2018, ISBN 978-3-96311-007-8
# Ese language

Ese is a language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. Although it is also known as Managalasi, which the Summer Institute of Linguistics regards as pejorative possibly because it is a corruption of Hiri Motu phrase meaning the equivalent of "know nothings", the term "Upper Managalasi" indicates Ömie, another member of Baraic languages. Dialects are Muaturaina, Chimona, Dea, Akabafa, Nami, Mesari, Averi, Afore, Minjori, Oko, Wakue, Numba, Jimuni, Karira. Perhaps 40% of speakers are monolingual.
It is spoken in the Kawawoki Mission area of Popondetta.

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Stop/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | tɕ | k | ʔ |
| Stop/ Affricate | voiced | | | dʑ | | |
| Fricative | Fricative | β | s | | | h |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | | |
| Tap | Tap | | ɾ | | | |
* Allophones of phonemes /β, tɕ, dʑ, ɾ/ exist as [b, ts, ɖʐ, ɺ].

### Vowels

| | Front | Back |
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a | |
* A central vowel sound [ʉ] can be heard as a result of /i/ preceding /u/.
* Allophones of /e, a, o/, exist as [ɛ ə ɔ].
* A semivowel sound [w] occurs when /u/ precedes a stressed vowel.
# Kentwell Woods

Kentwell Woods is a 77.6-hectare (192-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in fifteen woods in fourteen separate blocks east and north-east of Glemsford in Suffolk.
There is a variety of different woodland types in this site, and the most common is the wet ash and maple, with hazel also common. They were managed as coppice with standards in the past and have ground vegetation which is typical of ancient woods.
# Hampton (horse)

Hampton (1872–1897) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and Champion sire. Bred by Lord Norreys, he was sired by 1863 St. Leger Stakes winner, Lord Clifden. His dam was Lady Langden whose sire, Kettledrum, won the 1861 Epsom Derby.
A good stayer, Hampton won races from a sprint distance all the way to those at more than two and a half miles.
At stud, Hampton proved a highly successful sire, earning Champion sire honors in 1887 and Champion broodmare sire honors in 1900. Among his successful runners were four winners of British Classic Races:
* Merry Hampton - 1887 Epsom Derby
* Reve d'Or - 1887 1,000 Guineas Stakes
* Ayrshire - 1888 Epsom Derby
* Ladas - 1894 Epsom Derby and 2,000 Guineas Stakes
# Esen, Haymana

Esen is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Haymana, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 117 (2022).
# Keşdiməz

Keşdiməz (also, Keshdimyaz and Keshtimez) is a village and municipality in the Agsu Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 282.
# Keş

40°55′24″N 49°13′48″E﻿ / ﻿40.92333°N 49.23000°E﻿ / 40.92333; 49.23000
Keş (also spelled Kesh) is a village in the Siazan Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Eoophyla melanops

Eoophyla melanops is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in Sikkim, India.
# Latanoprost/timolol

Latanoprost/timolol, sold under the brand name Xalacom, is a combination drug used for the treatment of glaucoma, consisting of latanoprost (increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor) and timolol (a beta blocker decreasing the production of aqueous fluid).

## Society and culture
### Brand names

In some countries, Xalacom is marketed by Viatris after Upjohn was spun off from Pfizer.
# Robert Harward (MP)

Robert Harward (by 1482 – 1533/1534) was an English politician.
He was Mayor of Leicester for 1521–22 and elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leicester in 1529.
On his death in office as MP he was buried in St. Martin's church, Leicester. He had married Margaret, the daughter of John Wigston of Leicester, and had 2 sons and a daughter.
# Windy Corner, Cuinchy

Windy Corner was a road junction near the village of Cuinchy in the First World War. It was in the section of the line held by the British army and there was a battalion headquarters there. Burials took place there and there is now a cemetery maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 3,443 dead were buried there of which 1,246 have been identified.
Major John Mackenzie (1871–1915) recipient of the Victoria Cross in the 19th century Anglo-Ashanti wars is buried here.
# Cryptocarya laevigata

Cryptocarya laevigata, commonly known as red-fruited laurel, glossy laurel or grey sassafras, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is native to Malesia, New Guinea and eastern Australia. It is a shrub or tree with lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, creamy white, pale green and perfumed flowers, and more or less spherical, red to orange-yellow drupes.

## Description

Cryptocarya laevigata is a shrub or tree that typically grows to a height of up to 7 m (23 ft), its stems not buttressed. Its leaves are lance-shaped to elliptic, 50–155 mm (2.0–6.1 in) long and 13–61 mm (0.5–2.4 in) wide on a petiole 2–11 mm (0.08–0.43 in) long. The flowers are arranged in racemes or panicles in leaf axils and shorter than the leaves. They are pale brown, creamy white, pale green and perfumed. The perianth tube is 1.1–1.8 mm (0.04–0.07 in) long, 1.0–2.8 mm (0.04–0.11 in) wide. The outer tepals are 2.2–3.0 mm (0.09–0.12 in) long and 1.4–2 mm (0.06–0.08 in) wide and the inner tepals are 2.3–3.2 mm (0.09–0.13 in) long and 1.4–2.1 mm (0.06–0.08 in) wide. The outer anthers are 0.7–1.2 mm (0.03–0.05 in) long and 1.4–2.0 mm (0.06–0.08 in) wide, the inner anthers 0.7–1.3 mm (0.03–0.05 in) long and 0.4–0.7 mm (0.02–0.03 in) wide. Flowering occurs from September to December, and the fruit is a spherical, red to orange-yellow drupe 17–33 mm (0.7–1.3 in) long and 17–38 mm (0.7–1.5 in) wide with creamy cotyledons.

## Taxonomy

Cryptocarya laevigata was first formally described in 1826 by Carl Ludwig Blume in his Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. The specific epithet (laevigata) means "having a polished surface".

## Distribution and habitat

Cryptocarya laevigata occurs in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, the Philippines New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, and Australia, where it is found in New South Wales north from Lismore and in Queensland. It grows in tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests.

## Uses in horticulture

The glossy leaves, small size and attractive red fruit make it suitable as an ornamental tree. Like most Australian Cryptocarya fruit, removal of the slimy red aril is advised to assist seed germination. Roots and shoots usually appear within three to twelve months.
# Gaspare Galliari

Gaspare Galliari (1760–1818; some sources give 1761 for the year of birth or 1823 for the year of death) was an Italian painter.
He was born in Treviglio, and died in Milan. The collection of the Brera Pinacotheca in Milan has one of his paintings depicting a view of Venice.
He is described as a master of scenography as he painted scene bernesche and capricci.
Gaspare was also the son of Gian Antonio Galliari and he was born into a large family of artists:
* Giovanni Galliari d’ Andorno-Cacciorna, painter.
* Bernardino Galliari (1707–1794), first son of Giovanni, figure painter. Painted in Berlin Theater, also painted various theaters and curtains in the Milan area. Died in Andorno.
* Fabrizio Galliari (1709–1790), second son of Giovanni, quadraturista. He painted in many churches and palaces. He painted the cupola of the Cathedral of Vercelli. In 1778, he became professor at the Albertina Academy. Born in Andorno, died in Treviglio.
* Gian Antonio Galliari (1718–1783), third son of Giovanni, still-life painter of flowers. Born in Andorno, died in Milan.
* Giovannino Galliari, son of Fabrizio, quadraturista, travelled to Paris and Berlin, painted the duomo at Biella, and a salon in the Turin Academy of Sciences, died in 1819 in Treviglio.
* Giuseppino Galliari, son of Fabrizio, Mannerist figure painter, scenographer, died in 1817 at Milan.
# Double Daring

Double Daring is a 1926 American silent Western film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Hal Taliaferro, Jean Arthur and Toby Wing. It is now considered to be a lost film.

## Synopsis

When the bank Wally Meeker works as a clerk in is robbed, he is wrongly accused of complicity and arrested. Escaping he goes into the hills in search of the gang behind the raid. Eventually cleared of any guilt he returns home to marry Marie Wells, the daughter of the bank's owner.

## Cast

* Hal Taliaferro as Wally Meeker
* J.P. Lockney as Banker Wells
* Jean Arthur as Marie Wells
* Hank Bell as Lee Falcon
* Slim Whitaker as Blackie Gorman
* Toby Wing as Nan
* N.E. Hendrix as The Law
# Spike Moss

Spike Moss may refer to:
* Spike moss or selaginella
* Spike Moss (activist)
# Spike Mullins

Dennis Jeremiah (Spike) Mullins (2 October 1915 – 18 April 1994) was a comedy performer and writer. He wrote for a number of established performers, such as Max Bygraves and Harry Secombe, Kenneth Williams and Frankie Howerd.
Perhaps his most famous work is scripting Ronnie Corbett's seated monologues during The Two Ronnies TV series in the UK. He also worked, together with Barry Cryer as a writer for the groundbreaking British TV programme The Frost Report, where Corbett first met his later performing partner, Ronnie Barker.

## Early life

Mullins was born in London during World War I to working class parents. The Mullins family lived near a film studio, and the infant Spike was frequently used in silent movies. While still in his teens, he signed on as galley boy on a cargo ship, After four years, he returned home to work as a stevedore, which he did until the outbreak of World War II, At this point he joined the RAF. After his release from the RAF in 1945, he did a number of manual jobs while attempting to make a living at comedy writing; he met with little success. After marrying, he stopped writing and spent the next 16 years supporting his growing family in a number of manual jobs.

## Career

Finally, in 1963, after encouragement from his wife, he sent some material to Max Bygraves, and received a positive response (and more importantly, got paid). As a result, Mullins finally managed to break into the writing profession. He soon found himself on the fringes of the sizeable and diffuse writing team for The Frost Report, together with Marty Feldman and Dick Vosburgh. The show was a focus for a significant amount of writing and performing talent who would go on to be successful, being responsible, at least in part, for Monty Python's Flying Circus and The Goodies, as well as The Two Ronnies.
By this stage, Mullins was significantly older than the mostly Oxbridge-educated team that was around him. As such, he concentrated more on co-writing with Cryer (which included writing for Harry Secombe's solo vehicle, The Harry Secombe Show), and Colin Bostock-Smith on the Jim Davidson show, Up the Elephant and Round the Castle. He also contributed material to the game show Family Fortunes. He also wrote an autobiography, entitled Me, To Name But A Few.
# William Brown Company Hosiery Mill

The William Brown Company Hosiery Mill, located at 3400-3412 J Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 17, 2019.
# Spite (sentiment)

Spite or spitefulness as a sentiment, action, or a personality trait has several possible meanings. According to the American Psychological Association there is "no standard definition of spitefulness. Spite can be broadly defined to include any vindictive or mean-spirited actions. Alternatively, a narrower definition includes the requirement that spiteful acts involve some degree of self-harm." One possible definition of spite is to intentionally annoy, hurt, or upset even when there might be no (apparent) gain, and even when those actions might cause the person spiting harm, as well. Spiteful words or actions are delivered in such a way that it is clear that the person is delivering them just to annoy, hurt, or upset.
In his 1929 examination of emotional disturbances, Psychology and Morals: An Analysis of Character, J. A. Hadfield uses deliberately spiteful acts to illustrate the difference between disposition and sentiment.
Spite has also been studied as a trait of human personality; although in general spite has been largely ignored in academic literature. University of Washington researchers David K Marcus, Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Sterett H Mercer, and Alyssa L Norris were the first to develop a personality scale designed to measure and assess the trait of spitefulness which was published in 2014 in Psychological Assessment.

## Spite in literature

The Underground Man, in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novella Notes from Underground, is an example of spite. His motivation remains constantly spiteful, undercutting his own existence and ability to live.
# Spite Your Face Productions

Spite Your Face Productions, or SYF, is an animation production company based in London, England, consisting of animation directors Tony Mines and Tim Drage. They have created a variety of animated content for broadcast, web and DVD, but are best known for their series of stop-motion animated Lego shorts.
Since 2001, SYF have worked on five animated projects for the Lego company and their respective clients, including Sony, Marvel Entertainment, Lucasfilm and Python (Monty) Pictures. They have also produced Lego animations independently. SYF refer to these works as "Bricksploitation films" to distinguish them from those of the fan community. Some of their films have been distributed internationally on DVD.

## Selected filmography
### Spider-Man: The Peril of Doc Ock

    Released in support of Spider-Man 2, two alternate ending versions of this film exist.

### Star Wars: The Han Solo Affair

    The Empire Strikes Back spoof, produced in the run-up to Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.

### Monty Python & the Holy Grail in Lego

    Version of the "Camelot" song and dance sequence. Produced as an extra for the Monty Python and the Holy Grail DVD.

### ONE: A Space Odyssey

    One minute Lego version of the Kubrick epic, 2001: A Space Odyssey.
# Spitz (surname)

Spitz is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Armand Spitz (1904–1971), American planetarium designer
* Bob Spitz, American journalist and author
* Carl Spitz (1894–1976), Hollywood dog trainer
* Chantal Spitz (born 1954), French Polynesian writer
* Dan Spitz (born 1963), American guitarist
* Dave Spitz (born 1955), American bassist
* Donald Spitz, American anti-abortion activist
* Elisa Spitz (born 1963), American figure skater
* Fannie S. Spitz (1873–1943), American inventor
* Gerald J. Spitz (1941–2013), American politician
* Hanneliese Spitz (born 1941), Austrian sprint canoeist
* Herman H. Spitz (1925–2019), American psychologist
* Illés Spitz (1902–1961), Hungarian football player and manager
* Isaac Spitz (1764–1842), Bohemian writer
* Jacques Spitz (1896–1963), French writer
* Jason Spitz (born 1982), American football player
* Leó Szilárd (1898–1964), born Leó Spitz, Hungarian scientist
* Lewis Spitz (born 1939), South African paediatric surgeon
* Malte Spitz (born 1984), German politician
* Marc Spitz (1969–2017), American writer and music journalist
* Mark Spitz (born 1950), American swimmer
* René Spitz (1887–1974), Austrian-American psychoanalyst
* Sabine Spitz (born 1971), German cross-country cyclist
* Sophie Spitz (1910–1956), American pathologist
* Tibor Spitz (born 1929), American artist and Holocaust survivor
* Vivien Spitz (1924–2014), American journalist
* Werner Spitz (1926–2024), German forensic pathologist
* Yom-Tob Spitz (1797–1874), Bohemian writer

## Fictional characters

* Adam Spitz, Sharon Spitz, Josh Spitz, and Helen Spitz, four characters in the television series Braceface
# Spitz (disambiguation)

Spitz is a type of domestic dog.
Spitz may also refer to:

## Places

* Spitz, Austria, a market town
* Spitz (Liechtenstein), a mountain
* Spitz Ridge, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica

## Arts and entertainment

* Spitz (band), a Japanese rock band
** Spitz (album), 1991
* The Spitz, a former music venue in London, England
* Spitz Prize, a award for books on liberal and/or democratic theory
* Spitz (Ninjago), character from Ninjago
* Spitz, a character in the video game series Wario

## Other uses

* Spitz (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Spitz (protein), a protein in fruit flies
* SL-C3000 (Spitz), a model of the Sharp Zaurus personal digital assistant
* Spitz Stadium, Alberta, Canada, used primarily for baseball
* Vancil Spitz S1, an American homebuilt aircraft