OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Dunlop (disambiguation)

James Dunlop (1793–1848) was a Scottish astronomer.
James Dunlop may also refer to:
* Jim Dunlop Sr, founder of Dunlop Manufacturing
* James Dunlop (judge) (1793–1872), United States federal judge
* James Dunlop (astronomer), Scottish astronomer and academic
* James Dunlop of Dunlop (1759–1832), Scottish laird, British Army officer, MP for Kirkcudbright Stewartry 1812–26
* James Dunlop (footballer) (1870–1892), Scottish footballer (St Mirren and Scotland)
* James Dunlop (rugby union) (1854–1923), Scotland rugby union player
* Sir James Dunlop, 2nd Baronet (1830–1858), of the Dunlop baronets
# Fernando Soto

Fernando Soto may refer to:
* Fernando Soto (Mexican actor)
* Fernando Soto (Spanish actor)
* Fernando Soto Aparicio, Colombian poet
# El Paso, Arkansas

El Paso is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southwestern White County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 267. Its name is Spanish for "the pass", referring to a small gap in the hills on the community's northern edge. Once known as Peach Orchard Gap in its early settlement, the origin of El Paso's Spanish name is unknown.

## History

The historic Southwest Trail, a path used by most travelers entering Arkansas early in the 1800s, entered El Paso on today's Arkansas Highway 5 from Floyd, then headed to Gibson via Arkansas Highway 89, Tate's Mill Road and Batesville Pike Road. By the 1830s more than 80 percent of the Arkansas territory's population had entered through the Southwest Trail. The route is also known as the Old Military Road.

## Geography

Much of the community is situated along Bull Creek, and along Arkansas State Highway 5 and U.S. Highway 64. Lacking exact boundaries, the community is located within the borders of El Paso Township, within White County.
The closest city is Vilonia, approximately seven miles to the west of El Paso via U.S. 64. Beebe, where El Paso's children attend public schools, is about 13 miles to the east along this highway. Along Arkansas 5, Cabot is 15 miles to the south, and the unincorporated community of Romance is eight miles north.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

El Paso CDP, Arkansas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 232 | 86.89% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 2 | 0.75% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 4 | 1.50% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 2 | 0.75% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 2 | 0.75% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 13 | 4.87% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 12 | 4.49% |
| Total | 267 | 100.00% |

## Education

El Paso is in the Beebe School District.
# Kınalıkoç, Ahlat

Kınalıkoç is a village in the Ahlat District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. Its population is 207 (2021).
# HD 89744 b

HD 89744 b is an eccentric Jupiter extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 89744.
In a simulation of a 10 million year span, this planet swept away all test particles "except for a narrow region near the 8:3 resonance". There can be no planets in this star's habitable zone. Observation has ruled out any planet over 0.7 Jupiter mass within a year period.
# Photothermal ratio

The photothermal ratio (PTR), also named photothermal quotient, is a variable that characterizes the amount of light available to plants relative to the temperature level. It is used in plant biology to characterize the growth environment of plants.

## Rationale

Both light and temperature are important environmental variables that determine the growth and development of plants. Light is especially important in driving photosynthesis and producing sugars. Temperature is a strong driver of cell division, where available sugars are converted to produce new leaf, stem, root or reproductive biomass. As such, both are important factors – along with nutrient and water availability – in determining the source:sink balance of a plant, the amount of sugar available for plant in relation to its growth potential. The photothermal ratio is a quantitative descriptor that can be used to approximate this balance.

## Calculation and units

The photothermal ratio is calculated by dividing the Daily Light Integral (photosynthetic photon flux density integrated over a day; DLI) plants are exposed to by a baseline daily temperature(T$_b$). PTR = DLI / T$_b$. Units are therefore mol quanta m$^{−2}$ day$^{−1}$ °C$^{−1}$. Alternatively, the number of degree days have been used rather than T$_b$ per se, with units of the form mol degree-day$^{−1}$. The PTR concept has been introduced in detailed studies of growth and productivity of a particular species. For these species, a baseline temperature T$_b$ is chosen for which it is known than no leaf elongation takes place below that temperature, which for many temperate species will be a temperature around 5 °C.
In characterizing the growth environment of a broad range of plants without reference to any specific species, T$_b$ has been taken to be zero °C.

## Normal ranges

The photothermal ratio is relatively constant over the year in the tropics, with lowland values around 1.3 mol m$^{−2}$ day$^{−1}$ °C$^{−1}$. At higher latitudes PTR changes with seasons, being high in spring, and low in autumn. Averaged over the growing season, PTR values are around 3 in boreal zones, and around 2 in temperate zones. Plants growing in glasshouses often grow at a PTR of ~1, experiments with Arabidopsis are often carried out at a PTR around 0.2.

## Effects on plants

Many effects that have been ascribed to light are actually dependent on temperature as well. For example, strong stem elongation at low light will only take place when temperatures are high, but not when temperatures are close to 0 °C. In wheat, PTR in the month before anthesis strongly determines the number of kernels. In horticulture, plants grown at a high PTR generally have thicker stems, shorter internodes and more flowers, and therefore have higher marketable yield.
# Don't Go in the Woods

Don't Go in the Woods may refer to:
* Don't Go in the Woods (1981 film), a 1981 slasher film directed by James Bryan
* Don't Go in the Woods (2010 film), a 2010 horror musical directed by Vincent D'Onofrio
# James B. Jones

James Brooks Jones (September 24, 1886 – August 9, 1947), nicknamed "Jawbone", was an American politician from the US state of New Mexico. He served as the lieutenant governor of New Mexico from January 1, 1943, to January 1, 1947.

## Early life

Jones was born in Edgefield, South Carolina, United States, on September 23, 1886. His grandfather, William B. Travis, was the commander of the Texas Army at the battle of the Alamo. Jones lived in South Carolina until he was 18 years old, when he moved to Wyoming and worked on a sheep ranch. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1912 and rose to the rank of corporal. He then served in the United States Army from April 1917 to April 1919 in the infantry and became a first lieutenant. He fought with the Army in World War I. After the war, he settled in Raton, New Mexico.
Jones moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1920, and worked as a traveling salesman for a soap company. He earned the nickname "Jawbone" from the Spanish word for soap, jabón.

## Political career

In 1940, Jones was a candidate for lieutenant governor of New Mexico. He lost the Democratic Party nomination in the primary election to Ceferino Quintana. Jones ran again in 1942, and won the nomination, defeating A. K. Montgomery and two other candidates in September. He then won the general election. Jones served two terms as lieutenant governor to Governor John J. Dempsey. He served as acting governor for 268 days over 21 separate occasions when Dempsey was out of the state.
Jones ran for a seat from New Mexico's at-large congressional district in the United States House of Representatives in the 1946 elections. He lost the race.

## Personal life

Jones married Maud St. Vrain, a grand-niece of Ceran St. Vrain, in 1913. They had four children. One son, Preston Jones, was a playwright. His other son, James Jr., was taken prisoner during World War II.
Falling ill after losing the 1946 election, Jones moved to Hot Springs. He died on August 9, 1947, at the Methodist Sanitarium in Albuquerque. He was buried in the Santa Fe National Cemetery.
# Green Bay Terrace, Missouri

Green Bay Terrace is an unincorporated community in Camden County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is on the north shore of the Lake of the Ozarks on Missouri Route F 5.5 miles south of Sunrise Beach. Camdenton is approximately 5.5 miles south.
The community most likely derives its name from Green Bay, Wisconsin.
# Pistoia Brazilian war cemetery

The Pistoia Brazilian war cemetery is a former Second World War cemetery located in Pistoia, Toscana, Italy. The cemetery site honors Brazilian soldiers who died in Italy during World War II, the remains of whom were buried here until 1960.

## History

In 1944 Brazil participated in the Second World War with 25,000 soldiers of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force against the Axis in the Serchio Valley, in Versilia and in Garfagnana, on the Appennini. In their final advance, the Brazilians reached Turin and on 2 May they joined up with French troops at the border in Susa.
The Pistoia Brazilian war cemetery contained the remains of 463 Brazilian soldiers, most of whom died in the Spring offensive in Italy (Fornovo) in 1945. In 1960, the cemetery was closed and their remains were officially interred in Brazil, with other Brazilian second world war soldiers, at the new National Monument to the Dead of World War II (Monumento Nacional aos Mortos da Segunda Guerra Mundial). It is located on Guanabara Bay in Flamengo Park, in the Flamengo district of Rio de Janeiro.

## Brazilian Monument and Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of World War II

After the remains were transferred, the body of a soldier was found remaining in the cemetery. The Brazilian Government chose to leave and honor it there, in a new votive Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
In 1967 the cemetery reopened with the inauguration of a Modernist votive Brazilian Monument and Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of World War II. The monument's serene site plan: with stone terraces, the votive "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" memorial, and a sculptural open pavilion; were designed by Brazilian modernist architect Olavo Redig de Campos (1906–1984), a contemporary of Oscar Niemeyer.
The Monument has been visited by two Presidents of Brazil.
# Crato, Portugal

Crato (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is a municipality in Portalegre District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,708, in an area of 398.07 km$^2$.
The present Mayor is José Correia Luz, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is Easter Monday.

## Parishes

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 5 civil parishes (freguesias):
* Aldeia da Mata
* Crato e Mártires, Flor da Rosa e Vale do Peso
* Gáfete
* Monte da Pedra

## History

Crato has been the headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller in Portugal since 1340. The head of the order was known as the Prior of Crato.
# Kaïssa

Kaïssa is a Cameroon born world musician. She moved to Paris with her family at thirteen and to New York City in 1996. Kaissa worked on stage and in studio with Salif Keita, Manu Dibango, Kofi Olomide, Papa Wemba, Cesária Évora, Martha Wash, Diana Ross, Paul Simon and others. Her first solo album was Looking There.
In 2008, she joined David Byrne on the Songs of David Byrne and Brian Eno Tour.
# Dysopsis

Dysopsis is a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae, first described in 1858. It is the sole genus in subtribe Dysopsidinae. The genus is native to Costa Rica, Panama, South America, and the Juan Fernández Islands.

## Species

* Dysopsis glechomoides (A.Rich.) Müll.Arg. - Chile, S Argentina
* Dysopsis hirsuta (Müll.Arg.) Skottsb. - Juan Fernández Islands
* Dysopsis paucidentata (Müll.Arg.) Lozano & J.Murillo - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
# Pickwick Hotel

Pickwick Hotel may refer to:
* Pickwick Hotel (Anaheim, California), listed on the National Register of Historic Places
* Another hotel of The Pickwick Corporation
# Dolní Těšice

Dolní Těšice is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 60 inhabitants.
Dolní Těšice lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) east of Přerov, 42 km (26 mi) east of Olomouc, and 253 km (157 mi) east of Prague.
# James B. Kavanagh

James B. Kavanagh (1800 – 5 October 1886) was an Irish priest, teacher and President of St. Patrick's College, Carlow from 1864 to December 1880.

## Biography

He was born in 1800 to Jeremiah Kavanagh of Killballyowne, County Wicklow and Mary Kavanagh. He was educated, firstly, at St Peter's College, Wexford, then at Maynooth College.
He was appointed Professor of Rhetoric at Carlow College in 1850 left briefly in 1853 returning in 1854 as Dean of the Ecclesiastical College and Professor of Moral Philosophy. In 1856 Professor of Natural Philosophy(lecturing in Chemistry and Chemical Physics) in 1857. In 1862 he became Vice-President and Professor of Theology. He was appointed President in 1864 and served until December 1880 when he was appointed parish priest in Kildare succeeding Rev. Nolan.
He is noted for publishing a number of lectures on Natural Philosophy. He is also noted for his response to Gladstone's attacks on the Vatican following the Vatican Council 1869.
In 1884, he was responsible for the De La Salle Brothers opening a boys school in Kildare.
On 5 October 1886, he was killed by a small marble statue which fell from the high altar just as he had said Mass, in St. Brigid's Church where he was Parish priest at the time where he is buried. His Life and death was written about in "stricken down at the altar" Rev. Dr. James B. Kavanagh, P.P. Kildare by Peadar MacSuibhne, Rector of Knockbeg College.

## Publications

* Comets and Meteors: A Lecture Very Rev. Dr. James B. Kavanagh, president Carlow College (Dollard 1877).
* Solar Physics: A Lecture Very Rev. Dr. James B. Kavanagh, president Carlow College (Dollard 1877).
* A reply to Mr. Gladstone's "Vaticanism" by Very Rev. James Kavanagh, D.D., President of Carlow College, The Irish Monthly, Vol. III, pp. 362–363, May, 1875
# Alexander Jablokov

Alexander Jablokov (born April 29, 1956) is an American writer and novelist.

## Career

He worked for years as a communications engineer in Boston before becoming a full-time writer in 1988; however, he later took a day job as a marketing executive.
# Green Bay Township

Green Bay Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Green Bay Township, Clarke County, Iowa
* Green Bay Township, Lee County, Iowa
# Pistoia railway station

Pistoia railway station is the station of Pistoia in Piazza Dante. It is on the Viareggio–Florence railway, which connects Florence and Viareggio and it is at the beginning of the Porrettana railway to Bologna.

## Overview

The station has a subway linking platform 1 with platforms 2 and 3. It has no lifts for the disabled. The station is heavily used by students going to Prato, Florence, Lucca and Pisa. During the summer, traffic is concentrated towards Versilia and Viareggio. It is used by three million passengers each year. Only regional trains stop at the station since it is near Florence, which is served by long-distance trains.
# Sauste

Sauste is a village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
# Enrique Peña

Enrique Peña may refer to:
* Enrique Peña Nieto (born 1966), 57th President of Mexico
* Enrique Peña Sánchez (1880–1922), Cuban bandleader and cornettist
* Enrique Peña Zauner (born 2000), Venezuelan-German footballer
* Enrique Peña (athlete) (born 1942), Colombian racewalker
* Álvaro Enrique Peña (born 1989), Uruguayan footballer
* José Enrique Peña (born 1963), Uruguayan footballer
* José Enrique de la Peña (1807–1840), colonel in the Mexican Army
# Felkel, Florida

Felkel is an unincorporated community in Leon County, Florida, United States. It is the town that Bradley’s Country Store is located in, which is a country store locate southwest of the town Felkel
# Dolní Stakory

Dolní Stakory is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
# Formula Manipal

Formula Manipal is a Manipal Academy of Higher Education-based on a student project which aims to design, build and test a Formula-style race car. It started as an abstract idea in 2007, and today it has become the largest and most successful student initiative of Manipal University. The team consists of over sixty inter-disciplinary undergraduates who aim to conceive, design, fabricate, develop, and compete with Formula style vehicles at International Formula Student events.
Formula Manipal has been competing in the International Formula Student competitions for the past ten years. It made its debut in 2008 at FSAE Italy with the FM08. In the following year, the team participated in the Formula Student event in UK with the FM09. The team then had a successful participation in FS Austria with the FM-X, the season 2010 car. The year 2011 saw the development of the fourth prototype, the FMXI, which competed in FSAE Italy.
Season 2013 turned out to be the most amazing year for Formula Manipal in its history. For the first time, the team successfully participated in two FSAE events in the same calendar year with the FMX3. First, the team went to FS Germany and later to the FS Czech Republic.
FMX4, the season 2014 car scaled new heights at the Formula Design Challenge 2015 winning seven trophies in all after commendable performances in the Formula Student Germany and Formula Student Czech Republic 2014.
FMX6, the season 2016 car participated in 3 events which consisted of 2 international, FS Germany 2016 and FS Czech Republic 2016 and the first national Formula Student event, Formula Bharat in the year 2017.
FMX8, the season 2018 car competed in 1 International Formula Student Competition-Formula Student at Austria where the team stood 26th internationally and 1 National Competition Formula Bharat in Coimbatore where the team stood 3rd overall making Formula Manipal one of the best nationally. This season also marked the first ever Formula Manipal Electric Vehicle, the FMX8e.
FM20 and FM20e, the season 2020 cars participated in Formula Bharat 2020 and secured a position of 8th out of 51 participating team.
FMXX1, the season 2021 car competed in Formula Student Germany, ranking 6th internationally in the Business Plan Event, 17th internationally in the Cost Event, and 19th overall.
The FMXX1 was completely disassembled and remade from scratch again, resolving all the issues faced in FSG2022, and taken as FMXX1b to Formula Bharat 2023, where it stood 2nd in the Cost Event, 3rd in Autocross, 4th in Acceleration, and 5th overall.
# Cyclophora dispergaria

Cyclophora dispergaria is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Suriname.
# Groot-Doringhoek Pass

31°22′46.1″S 26°04′24.9″E﻿ / ﻿31.379472°S 26.073583°E﻿ / -31.379472; 26.073583 Groot-Doringhoek Pass (English: Large Thorn Corner) is situated in the Eastern Cape, on the regional road R391 between Hofmeyr and Molteno, Eastern Cape.
* This Eastern Cape location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Festuca dimorpha

Festuca dimorpha is a species of plant in the family Poaceae. This species is native to the southwestern Alps and central and southern Apennine Mountains of France and Italy. Festuca dimorpha was first described in 1826.

## Habitat

It is perennial and grows in temperate biomes.
# Comportement

"Comportement" is a song by French-Malian singer Aya Nakamura from her debut studio album, Journal intime (2017). "Comportement" received a commercial release solely in France and Wallonia, where it charted at numbers 13 and 40, respectively.

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 40 |
| France (SNEP) | 13 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Diamond | 333,333$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Saussurella

Saussurella is an Asian genus of ground-hoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) in the subfamily Batrachideinae.

## Species

The Catalogue of Life and Orthoptera Species File list:
* Saussurella acuticornis Zheng, 1998
* Saussurella borneensis Hancock, 1912
* Saussurella brachycornis Deng, 2016
* Saussurella cornuta (Haan, 1842) - type species (as Acridium cornutum Haan)
* Saussurella curticornus Hancock, 1912
* Saussurella decurva Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
* Saussurella indica Hancock, 1912
* Saussurella inelevata Podgornaya, 1992
* Saussurella javanica Bolívar, 1898
* Saussurella longiptera (Yin, 1984)
* Saussurella xizangensis Zheng, Lin & Shi, 2013
# Josephine Pitz Egan

Josephine (Dodi) Pitz Egan (March 30, 1913 – April 13, 2006) was an American pilot who was a member of the Women Air Service Pilots (WASP) during World War II, having completed her training for the group on September 11, 1943, and was a member of class 43-W-5. The WASPs were a pioneering group of female pilots who flew non-combat missions to free up male pilots for combat roles. Her husband was Col. John Egan.

## Early life

Pitz was born in Manitowoc, Wisconsin in 1913. She flew her first solo flight in September 1929 at the age of 16 and earned her pilot's license in August 1930, making her Manitowoc's first woman to do so. She graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1935 with a degree in Chemistry.

## WASP career

Pitz was trained at Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas, where she learned to fly many aircraft. For her training, Pitz learned to fly the PT-19A, the BT-15, the AT-6, and the AT-17 Bobcat.
After her training, Pitz was stationed at several Army-Air Force Bases during WWII. First, Pitz was stationed at New Castle Army-Air Force Base, where she flew and ferried the PT-19A, the PT-26, the L-4H, the L2M, the UC-78, the BC1A, the Douglas A24, the P47D, the P51D, and the P63.
Later, Pitz moved to Rosecrans Field in St. Joseph Missouri where she flew the C49G, C49E, C47A, and the C49H.
Lastly, at Brownsville, Texas AAB, she flew the P47D, P40N, P51A, P51C, P39Q, and the P37D. In June of 1944, she soloed all single-engine pursuit planes. She retired as a 1st Lieutenant.

## Post-WWII

Pitz married Col. John. C. Egan, a member of the 100th Bomb Group, in 1945. After the war, she lived in Japan and Hawaii with John Egan until he died in 1961. She had two daughters: Katy Park and Annie Egan.
In 1977, Congress passed a bill recognizing the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) as veterans. After the Air Force certified the WASP as military personnel, the bill was approved and signed into law by President Carter on November 23, 1977. Pitz worked with the WASP headquarters in Washington D.C to push for this bill.

## Death

Pitz died on April 13, 2006 at the age of 93. She is buried at Arlington National Cemetery alongside her husband.

## Popular culture

Pitz is mentioned as John Egan's spouse as well as her career as a WASP at the end of the Apple TV's miniseries "Masters of the Air" (2024).