OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Social event

In social psychology, a social event is a social interaction episode with a single, continuous goal or purpose.
A social event may be understood as an atomic unit of social interaction. For example, in an episode where a father and a child are coloring together, the initial goal of father could be give son some attention, but in the course of action the father could start teaching the child coloring within the lines. Then this continuous episode is split in two, in accordance with the goal of the activity.
On the opposite side of the spectrum, the term "social event" may refer to any event, activity, or gathering of a group of people for any purpose. The word "event" can refer to any action, and describes a wide variety of activities. Related terms, such as "special event", are also difficult to define.
Communication between the participants is not necessarily a defining characteristic of a social event. For example, while chats between spectators are part of a football match event, it is not its defining characteristic.
A social event may happen within another social event, which can be described in sociological research by the term "recontextualization".
In entertainment, the field of planning and executing social events is called event planning or event management.

## Explanations

There are a wide variety of explanations of why social events exist. Psychologist Robert E. Lana has summarized several of these:
   1. A social event is exclusively part of the biological and behavioral characteristics of the human organism and is, therefore, predictable and potentially explainable by experimental analysis that excludes the historical.
   2. A social event is part of a process that, although constantly changing, returns to similar forms again and again. That is, social history occurs in cycles that allow for order and universality in explaining how human beings live together. 3. A social event is part of a patterned, orderly progression of social change that allows for prediction, but without cyclical change being part of the explanatory context. 4. A social event is unexpected and unrepeatable and can only be recorded and added to other unrelated, unrepeatable social moments such as wars, political events, etc.
   5. Social events follow no discernible pattern at any level of analysis.
Social events also tend to fall into distinct patterns, For example, as Nathan Rousseau points out:
   A marriage ceremony involves distinct actors engaging in joint actions in order to pull off a mutually recognizable social event. Every marriage ceremony may be distinct due to social custom and individual idiosyncrasies; nevertheless, the joint actions of the participants will form a social phenomenon recognizable as a particular event. It will be a social event that does not look like a funeral or a football game but rather one that conveys some notion of what the disparate parties understand as a wedding.
# Chasicotherium

Chasicotherium is an extinct genus of a large notoungulate mammal known originally from a partial skull and mandible discovered in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation, in the stream of Party of Villarino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The sediments in which the animal was discovered dates to 10 to 9 million years (Chasicoan). It is known only from the type species, C. rothi. Its weight was approximately 1 tonne (0.98 long tons; 1.1 short tons), being the largest and most recent member of the family Homalodotheriidae. It was a large herbivore of the Miocene Pampas, closely related to Homalodotherium, which also shares the reduced dental formula of the short premaxilla.
# Snoddy (surname)

Snoddy is a Scottish surname. Notable people with this name include:
* Alan Snoddy, Northern Irish football referee
* Raymond Snoddy, British journalist and media commentator
* Stephen Snoddy, British curator of contemporary art
* Aengus Ó Snodaigh, Irish politician bearing the Irish translation of the name Angus Snoddy.
* William Snoddy (born 1957), American sprint athlete
# So Called Friend

"So Called Friend" is a song by Scottish band Texas, released in August 1993 by Vertigo Records as the lead single from their third studio album, Ricks Road (1993). It was written by band members Johnny McElhone and Sharleen Spiteri, and produced by Paul Fox. The song reached number 30 on the UK Singles Chart and number four in Portugal. It was also the theme song of American television sitcom Ellen.

## Track listings

* 7-inch and cassette single
* "So Called Friend" – 3:45
* "You're the One I Want It For" – 4:57
* CD1
* "So Called Friend" – 3:45
* "You're the One I Want It For" – 4:57
* "Tonight I Stay with You" – 4:12
* "I've Been Missing You" – 3:15
* CD2
* "So Called Friend" – 3:45
* "You're the One I Want It For" – 4:57
* "Mothers Heaven" (French remix) – 4:13
* "Tired of Being Alone" – 2:59

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 92 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 85 |
| Europe (European Hit Radio) | 27 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 4 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 30 |
| UK Airplay (Music Week) | 29 |
# Chen Shou-lum

Chen Shou-lum, CBE, JP (Chinese: 陳壽霖; 30 August 1925 – 27 August 2018) was a Hong Kong engineer, business executive and politician.
He was born and raised in mainland China. He studied engineering at the University of London and obtained a doctoral degree from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was the fellow of the Imperial College, University of London, Institution of Electrical Engineers and Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. He was elected as the president of the Institute of Engineers (was called Hong Kong Engineering Society by that time) in 1972.
He was also the director of several big corporations in the colony, such as the Hong Kong Electric Holdings Ltd., Cable & Wireless (Hong Kong) Ltd. and Hang Seng Bank Ltd. in the 1980s.
He came into politics when he was appointed to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1976 and Executive Council in 1983. He resigned from the councils in 1987.
He also served in many public offices, serving as the chairman of the Hong Kong Productivity Council from 1977 to 1981, deputy chairman of the Hong Kong Polytechnic, chairman of the council of City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, and member of the university council of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
He was made Justice of Peace, officer of the Order of the British Empire and commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1984. Chen died in August 2018, at age 92.
# Sobeys Stores Ltd v Yeomans

Sobeys Stores v. Yeomans and Labour Standards Tribunal (NS) [1989] 1 S.C.R. 238 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada case on determining if a tribunal has the authority to hear a dispute, and more generally, the interpretation of section 96 of the Constitution Act, 1867.

## Background

Sobeys, a Nova Scotia grocery chain, dismissed Yeomans, an employee of ten years. Yeomans made a complaint to the Director of Labour Standards of Nova Scotia for dismissal without just cause under the s. 67 of the Labour Standards Code. The Director held that Yeoman's claim was valid and ordered Sobeys to reinstate him. This was affirmed by the Labour Standards Tribunal.
Sobeys appealed the ruling to the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal on the basis that the tribunal did not have the constitutional authority to hear the case. Namely, that the tribunal was encroaching on the exclusive jurisdiction of the Superior courts, granted by section 96 of the Constitution Act, 1867.
The Nova Scotia Court of Appeal found in favour of Sobeys. The Supreme Court reconsidered this issue and in the process revamped the evaluation of section 96. The Court held that the tribunal did have the authority to hear the case, overturning the Court of Appeal.

## Reasons of the court

Justice Bertha Wilson, writing for the Court, held that the Act establishing the tribunal did not violate section 96 of the Constitution. Analysis of section 96, Wilson states, involves a three-step test established in Re Residential Tenancies Act, 1979.
The Court must 1) assess the historical conditions of the judicial system in 1867; 2) assess whether the provincial tribunal is exercising a judicial function; and 3) assess the context of the tribunal's exercise of power.
# So Long Davey!

So Long Davey!, is an American alternative rock band that started in San Diego, California. In 2012, So Long Davey! provided the soundtrack for the first full-length Sony PlayStation Home video game, Emo Ray VS The Intergalactic Teddy Bears. The band had self-released two extended play albums and one full-length album entitled The Real Houseboys of Beverly Hills before disbanding in August 2013. Lead singer, David Vaughn, announced the band’s return on June 30, 2024.

## Early career

So Long Davey! was formed in 2007 by friends singer David Vaughn and guitarist James Austin in San Diego, California. Both musicians were classically trained but decided to perform rock music in dedication to their favorite bands and music acts. The first gigs were performed in an all ages San Diego music venue SOMA. The band was a crowd favorite and earned spots opening for Sum 41, Plain White T's, and Say Anything.
In March 2008, So Long Davey! released their debut CD entitled Another Planet. The EP contained 4 songs including the title track and another crowd favorite, "You Got Me". The band received promotion in local publications and online social media that promoted their first release. In 2009, the band was selected to play the Kevin Says Stage on Vans Warped Tour.

## 2009–2011: The Fashion

In 2009, So Long Davey! began recording their second EP, The Fashion in Los Angeles, California. In March 2010, the album was released gaining the attention from writers at MTV Buzzworthy who posted a blog about the band. In 2011, So Long Davey! was invited again to play Vans Warped Tour this time on the Ernie Ball Stage.

## 2012–2013: The Real Houseboys of Beverly Hills

So Long Davey! released their eponymous full-length album, The Real Houseboys of Beverly Hills on October 2, 2012. The album was produced by Kyle Black who had previously worked with popular rock bands Paramore, Neon Trees, and All Time Low and was mastered by Euphonic Mastering which is known for work with Maroon 5. The leading with the single for the album was "Making Out" in 2012, followed by "6AM (In My Room)" and "Silver Bullet" in 2013. In November 2012, So Long Davey provided the soundtrack for the Sony PlayStation 3 first full-length video game for PlayStation Home entitled Emo Ray VS The Intergalactic Teddy Bears. Songs from The Real Houseboys... were primarily used as part of the soundtrack.

## Discography
### Another Planet (2008)

* Another Planet
* You Got Me
* The Doctor Said I'll Outgrow This
* Any Moment Now (acoustic)

### The Fashion (2010)

* Love Hurts
* Wallflowers in Bloom
* Six Feet Down
* Magazines

### The Real Houseboys of Beverly Hills (2012)

* Making Out
* The Real Houseboys of Beverly Hills
* 6AM (In My Room)
* Jenny
* Neil, You've Lost Your Touch
* Change The World
* Silver Bullet
* Fever
* Truth Or Dare
* California Song
# Chavdartsi

Chavdartsi refers to the following places in Bulgaria:
* Chavdartsi, Lovech Province
* Chavdartsi, Veliko Tarnovo Province
# Snowshoe Lake (Montana)

Snowshoe Lake is a small alpine lake located in the Cabinet Mountains in northwestern Montana. It is within the boundaries of Kaniksu National Forest. Snowshoe Peak overlooks the lake. Granite Lake and Leigh Lake are also located nearby.
# Cheryl Harris

Cheryl I. Harris is an American legal scholar and critical race theorist. She is a professor of civil rights and civil liberties at the UCLA School of Law.
Harris is widely known for "Whiteness as Property", published in the June 1993 edition of the Harvard Law Review. In the paper, Harris describes the white racial identity and the value it confers in a slave society.
Harris is also the mother of American rapper, songwriter and record producer Earl Sweatshirt.

## Education

Harris received her first degree from Wellesley College in 1973 and her J.D. degree from the Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law in 1978.
# Chery E5

The Chery E5 is a compact car produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery from 2011 to 2016. It is based on the same platform as the Chery A5.

## Features

The car is powered by a 1.5-litre petrol engine, developing a maximum power of 107 hp (80 kW) at 6000 rpm, with a peak torque of 140 N⋅m (14 m⋅kgf) at 4500 rpm. An automatic derivative is available in the Middle East with a 1.8-litre (1845 cc) petrol engine developing power of 130 hp (97 kW), with torque of 170 N⋅m (17 m⋅kgf).
* Chery E5 front
* Chery E5 rear

## Riich G3

The Riich G3 is a rebadged, redesigned and more premium version of the Chery E5 marketed under Riich, the premium brand of Chery at the time.
* Riich G3 front
* Riich G3 rear
# Socialist Party of Bangladesh (disambiguation)

Socialist Party of Bangladesh may refer to one of a number of political parties in Bangladesh:
* Socialist Party of Bangladesh
* Socialist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist)
# Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Virginia)

37°26′3″N 76°43′15″W﻿ / ﻿37.43417°N 76.72083°W﻿ / 37.43417; -76.72083
Designated in 1991, the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve - Virginia (CBNERR-VA) is one of 29 protected areas that make up the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS). Established to promote informed management of the nation's estuaries and coastal habitats.
Located in the southern subregion of the Chesapeake Bay, the nation's largest estuary, CBNERR-VA is a steward of four reserves that protect a diversity of estuarine habitat: Sweet Hall Marsh, Taskinas Creek, Catlett Islands and the Goodwin Islands. This multi-component system is situated along the York River's salinity gradient, making CBNERR-VA the foremost authority on York River estuarine habitat and water quality.
CBNERR-VA is administered as a partnership between the Commonwealth of Virginia and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), while managed on a daily basis by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). As such, its research informs local, state and national policy.
# Chennaaya Valarthiya Kutty

Chennaaya Valarthiya Kutty is a 1976 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed and produced by Kunchacko. The film stars Prem Nazir, Sharada, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhasi. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir
* Sharada
* Jayabharathi
* K. P. Ummer
* M. G. Soman
* Adoor Bhasi
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
* Sankaradi
* Unnimary
* Adoor Pankajam
* Alummoodan
* Baby Sumathi
* Cherthala Thankam
* Janardanan
* Master Raghu
* Premji
* Haseena Aman
* Radhika
* Hema
* Changanassery Natarajan

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Ashtamangalya Suprabhathathil" | P. Susheela | Mankombu Gopalakrishnan |
| 2 | "Kaarthikappookkuda" | K. J. Yesudas | Mankombu Gopalakrishnan |
| 3 | "Panchami Chandrika" | S. Janaki, Pattanakkad Purushothaman | Mankombu Gopalakrishnan |
| 4 | "Syamantha Panchaka" | K. J. Yesudas | Mankombu Gopalakrishnan |
| 5 | "Vaasanachepputhakarnnoru" | K. J. Yesudas | Mankombu Gopalakrishnan |
| 6 | "Vairam Pathichoru" | P. Jayachandran | Mankombu Gopalakrishnan |
# Floyd J. Calvin

Floyd Joseph Calvin (13 July 1901 – 1 September 1939) was an American reporter, columnist, radio host, and news service founder. He worked at The Messenger magazine in New York City and then as a New York correspondent for the Pittsburgh Courier newspaper which, along with the Chicago Defender, were the largest newspapers for African Americans in the country. He founded Calvin News Service which was syndicated by African American weekly newspapers.
He was born in Washington, Arkansas. He studied at Shover State Teacher Training College in Hope, Arkansas.
In 1927 his radio show sponsored by the Courier was broadcast on WGBS.
He traveled extensively and wrote about lynching. He wrote about relations with Catholics. He was critical of Marcus Garvey's plans to entice African Americans to relocate to a colony in Liberia. He described the desire of Blacks to exit the south as a reaction to lynching.
He married Willa Lee Johnson and they had three children. Floyd Calvin Jr. died at a young age.
He is buried at Frederick Douglass Memorial Park in Staten Island.
# LaSalle Quartet

The LaSalle Quartet was a string quartet active from 1946 to 1987. It was founded by first violinist Walter Levin. The LaSalle's name is attributed to an apartment on LaSalle Street in Manhattan, where some of its members lived during the quartet's inception. The quartet played on a donated set of Amati instruments.
The LaSalle Quartet was best known for its espousal of the Second Viennese School of Schoenberg, Berg and Webern, and of the European modernists who derived from that tradition, though they also performed standard classical and romantic literature. The Quartet gave the premiere of Witold Lutosławski's String Quartet in Stockholm in 1965. György Ligeti dedicated his Second String Quartet to the group, and they premiered it in Baden-Baden on December 14, 1969. The quartet has been credited with the "Zemlinsky Renaissance," as Zemlinsky remained largely unknown until they performed his works. The quartet won the Deutscher Schallplattenpreis for their recording of his four string quartets.
They also recorded Beethoven's late quartets, Mendelssohn's first two quartets, Schubert's String Quintet D956 with Lynn Harrell, Brahms' first two quartets, and the Ravel and Debussy quartets.
The LaSalle Quartet was the quartet-in-residence at the University of Cincinnati – College-Conservatory of Music, and cellist Lee Fiser taught there until his retirement in 2017.

## Members

* Jack Kirstein, cellist from 1955 to 1975, died in August 1995
* Henry Meyer, second violin and founding member, became a master teacher, presenting classes throughout the world, and serving as Professor of Violin at the College-Conservatory of Music, Cincinnati for over 25 years. He was the first recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Classical Music Hall of Fame. In 1993, Meyer received the A.B. (Dolly) Cohen Award for Excellence in Teaching at the University of Cincinnati. He died in December 2006.
* Walter Levin, first violin, lived and worked for many years in Basel, Switzerland, then moved to a senior citizens' home in Chicago. He died in August 2017.
* Peter Kamnitzer, viola, died in Israel on February 23, 2016, at the age of 93. He was survived by his wife.
* Max Felde, original violist, continued his career in New York City, later moving to the west coast of Canada to raise his family with violinist Aurora Felde. He continued his musical career as assistant principal viola of the CBC Chamber Orchestra, violist in the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra for over 25 years, in addition to being an accomplished classical instrument maker. He died in 2005.
* Lee Fiser joined in 1975 with the support of Jack Kirstein and his wife Jeanne, a well-known Cincinnati pianist, when Jack left the Quartet to continue teaching at C.C.M., playing duets with his wife here and abroad, and conducting the Northern Kentucky Symphony, a community orchestra.
* Richard Kapuscinski, violoncello
# Famagosta (Milan Metro)

Famagosta is a station on Line 2 of the Milan Metro. It is located on Viale Famagosta. The station was opened on 1 November 1994 as a one-station extension from Romolo.
South of the station, the line branches off, with trains continuing to either Piazza Abbiategrasso or Assago Milanofiori Forum.
# Gaya Emirate

Gaya Emirate is a second-class emirate in Kano State, Nigeria. It was first established by the Kano State Government in 2019, and restructured in 2024 following a brief dissolution. It is located in the Gaya Local Government Area of the state.
The Gaya Emirate is headed by a traditional ruler known as the Sarkin Gaya, who is appointed by the Kano State Government. The current Sarkin Gaya is Aliyu Ibrahim Gaya, who was appointed in 2021 after the death of late emir Alhaji Ibrahim Abdulkadir. The emirate is predominantly a farming community, with crops such as rice, maize, millet, and groundnuts being grown in large quantities.

## Culture

In terms of culture and traditions, the Gaya people have a rich heritage and are known for their colorful festivals such as Durbur of Hawan Sallah and traditional dances. One of the major festivals in the emirate is the Gada, which is celebrated annually and involves the display of traditional wrestling, archery, and other cultural activities.

## Dissolution and re-establishment

On May 23, 2023, Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf of Kano State announced the dissolution of the Gaya Emirate, along with four other emirates created in 2019 by the administration of former Governor Abdullahi Umar Ganduje. This decision reestablished Kano State's traditional structure of a single emirate, as it was prior to the 2019 reorganization.
The abolishment merged the areas under the Gaya Emirate back into the Kano Emirate, aiming to restore historical continuity and improve administrative efficiency. On the same day, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi II was installed as the Emir of Kano, assuming leadership over the newly consolidated Kano Emirate. This change was intended to unify the traditional leadership and streamline governance within the state.
In July of 2024, Gaya Emirate was re-established as a second-class emirate under the authority of the Kano Emirate. Gaya consists of the Gaya, Albasu and Ajingi local government areas.
# Spirit of Manila Airlines

Spirit of Manila Airlines Corporation, operated as Spirit of Manila Airlines, was a low-cost airline based in Roxas Sea Front Garden in Pasay, Philippines. Its main hub was Clark International Airport. The airline's tagline/slogan was: "I am going home".

## History

After the airline was established in 2008, operations between Clark International Airport and Taipei began in October 2011 with two flights each week. The airline soon developed a poor reputation as low passenger numbers led to it delaying or cancelling flights. It ceased operations in 2012 after only three months of flights.
In 2016, its Airline Operator Certificate, a license to operate an airline under Philippine laws, was resurrected under a different brand name, Pan Pacific Airlines.

## Destinations

Spirit of Manila Airlines served the following destinations:
* Philippines
** Angeles City - Clark International Airport, main hub
* Republic of China (Taiwan)
** Taipei - Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport

## Fleet

The Spirit of Manila Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
Spirit of Manila Airlines fleet :
| Aircraft | Total | Passengers (Economy) |
| Boeing 737-300 | 1 | 148 |
| McDonnell Douglas MD-83 | 2 | 147 |
| Total | 3 | |