OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kirill Gorbunov

Kirill Antonovich Gorbunov (Russian: Кирилл Антонович Горбунов; 1822 (1815?), Vladikino, Penza Oblast — 8 November 1893, Pushkin) was a Russian portrait painter and lithographer.

## Biography

He was born a serf. After displaying some artistic talent, he was sent to Moscow where, from 1836 to 1840, he studied art in a school operated by Karl Rabus. After graduating, he received a recommendation from Nikolai Gogol that enabled him to attend the Imperial Academy of Arts in St.Petersburg from 1840 to 1846, where he studied under Karl Bryullov.
In 1841 Bryullov, together with Vasily Zhukovsky, succeeded in obtaining Gorbunov's freedom. Upon his graduation from the Academy in 1846, he was granted the rights of a "неклассного художника" (Free Artist), which enabled him to set up his own studio. In 1851, his portrait of Alexei Markov earned him the title of Academician. He would eventually produce portraits of virtually every well-known literary figure in Russia (including a series of lithograph portraits commissioned by Alexander Herzen), as well as Tsars Alexander II and Alexander III. From 1851 to 1888 he was a teacher at the Smolny Institute. He later painted icons and frescoes at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour and several other churches in St.Petersburg.
His major works may be seen in the Russian Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery.

## Selected portraits

* Alexei Koltsov (1838)
* Vissarion Belinsky (1843)
* Ivan Turgenev (1838)
* Vladimir Odoevsky (1840s)
* Avdotya Panaeva, wife of Ivan Panaev. (1850s)
# Katri

Katri is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Katri Helena (born 1945), Finnish singer
* Katri Horma (born c. 1970), Estonian actress
* Katri Javanainen (born 1969), Finnish ice hockey player
* Katri Kaarlonen (1915–2008), Finnish politician
* Katri Kalpala (born 1976), Finnish rhythmic gymnast
* Katri Kulmuni (born 1987), Finnish politician
* Katri Läike (born 1967), Finnish sailor
* Katri Lindeqvist (born 1980), Finnish orienteering competitor
* Katri Lipson (born 1965), Finnish writer
* Katri Lylynperä (born 1994), Finnish cross-country skier
* Katri Mattsson (born 1982), Finnish footballer
* Katri Raik (born 1967), Estonian politician
* Katri Rosendahl (born 1984), Finnish endurance rider
* Katri Suutari (born 1976), Finnish archer
* Katri Vala (1901–1944), Finnish poet
* Katri Ylander (born 1985), Finnish singer
* Katri-Helena Eskelinen (1925–2014), Finnish politician
* Hanna-Katri Aalto (born 1978), Finnish tennis player
# Sardinian wine

Sardinian wine is Italian wine produced on the island of Sardinia.

## Grape varieties

* Albaranzeuli bianco
* Albaranzeuli nero
* Arvesiniadu
* Barbera Sarda
* Bovale
* Cannonau (Grenache)
* Girò
* Greco nero
* Malvasia
* Monica
* Moscato
* Nasco
* Nuragus
* Pascale di Cagliari
* Vermentino
* Vernaccia di Oristano

## DOC/G zones

* Alghero, produced in the province of Sassari.
* Arborea, produced in the province of Oristano.
* Campidano di Terralba, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano.
* Cannonau di Sardegna, produced throughout the island.
* Carignano del Sulcis, produced in the province of Cagliari.
* Girò di Cagliari, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano.
* Malvasia di Bosa, produced in the province of Nuoro.
* Malvasia di Cagliari, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano.
* Mandrolisai, produced in the provinces of Nuoro and Oristano.
* Monica di Cagliari, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano.
* Monica di Sardegna, produced throughout the island.
* Moscato di Cagliari, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano.
* Moscato di Sardegna, produced throughout the island.
* Moscato di Sorso Sennori, produced in the province of Sassari.
* Nasco di Cagliari, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano.
* Nuragus di Cagliari, produced in the provinces of Cagliari, Nuoro and Oristano.
* Sardegna Semidano, produced throughout the island.
* Vermentino di Gallura DOCG, produced in the provinces of Nuoro and Sassari.
* Vermentino di Sardegna, produced throughout the island.
* Vernaccia di Oristano, produced in the province of Oristano.

## IGT zones

* Barbagia, produced in the province of Nuoro.
* Colli del Limbara, produced in the provinces of Sassari, Olbia-Tempio and Nuoro.
* Isola dei Nuraghi. produced throughout the region of Sardegna
* Marmilla, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano.
* Nurra, produced in the province of Sassari.
* Ogliastra, produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Nuoro.
* Parteolla, produced in the province of Cagliari.
* Planargia, produced in the provinces of Nuoro and Oristano.
* Provincia di Nuoro, produced in the province of Nuoro.
* Romangia, produced in the province of Sassari.
* Sibiola, produced in the province of Cagliari.
* Tharros, produced in the province of Oristano.
* Trexenta, produced in the province of Cagliari.
* Valle del Tirso, produced in the province of Oristano.
* Valli di Porto Pino, produced in the province of Cagliari.
# General Precision Equipment

The General Precision Equipment Corporation was a major manufacturing company involved in the defense and space industries as well educational products and control devices for consumer goods. General Precision, Inc., was the principal operating subsidiary of General Precision Equipment Corp. headquartered in Tarrytown, New York.
Librascope, founded in 1937 by Lewis W. Imm to build and operate theater equipment, was acquired by General Precision in 1941. During World War II it worked on improving aircraft load balancing. In the mid-1950s it went on to become an early digital computer manufacturer. In 1954 GPE purchased Griscom-Russell. In 1955 GPE Corporation purchased the Kearfott Company. In 1968 GPE Corporation was purchased by the Singer Company. In 1987 Kearfott was split, the Kearfott Guidance & Navigation Corporation was sold to the Astronautics Corporation of America in 1988 and the Electronic Systems Division was purchased by GEC-Marconi in 1990 and renamed GEC-Marconi Electronic Systems.
* This United States manufacturing company–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Artibeus aequatorialis

Artibeus aequatorialis, also known as Anderson's fruit-eating bat or the Ecuadorian fruit-eating bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. The bat is endemic to northwestern South America west of the Andes mountain range.

## Taxonomy

It was previously considered a subspecies of the Jamaican fruit bat (A. jamaicensis). Larsen elevated it to species level on the basis of morphometric and genetic data.

## Habitat and distribution

The bat is found in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. It inhabits tropical dry forests and tropical lowland forests of the Chocó. It seems to be more common in humid forests. The northernmost and southernmost extent of its range are unknown.

## Conservation

The species has been assessed as least-concern by the IUCN due to its large range, and relative abundance.
The threats to this species are not known. However, it occurs in some nature reserves (private and national) in its range in western Ecuador. It also occurs in some national parks in Peru.
# Kingdom City

Kingdom City may refer to:
* Kingdom City, Missouri
* Jeddah Economic City (formerly Kingdom City)
* Kingdomcity (Church)
# Damlapınar, Palu

Damlapınar (Kurdish: Ebasan) is a village in the Palu District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 92 (2021).
# Maheri

Maheri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dodo Maheri, Pakistani politician
* Javad Maheri (born 1983), Iranian footballer
# 2019 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's discus throw

The women's discus throw at the 2019 Asian Athletics Championships was held on 24 April.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result | Notes |
| | Feng Bin | China | x | 65.36 | x | 63.06 | 64.79 | 63.67 | 65.36 | CR, PB |
| | Chen Yang | China | 56.08 | 59.81 | x | x | 60.75 | 61.87 | 61.87 | SB |
| | Subenrat Insaeng | Thailand | x | 53.43 | 58.20 | 54.84 | 57.97 | x | 58.20 | |
| 4 | Navjeet Dhillon | India | 53.76 | 55.57 | 54.15 | x | 57.47 | x | 57.47 | SB |
| 5 | Kamal Preet Kaur | India | 55.57 | x | 55.59 | x | 54.82 | x | 55.59 | |
| 6 | Maki Saito | Japan | 52.49 | 50.90 | 52.51 | 51.66 | 52.87 | 49.62 | 52.87 | PB |
| 7 | Zhaleh Kardan | Iran | 51.07 | 51.49 | x | 48.17 | x | 50.18 | 51.49 | PB |
| 8 | Noora Salem Jasim | Bahrain | x | x | 40.51 | 46.08 | x | x | 46.08 | |
| | Nanaka Kori | Japan | x | x | x | | | | NM | |
# Fiat justitia

Fiat justitia is a Latin phrase, meaning "Let justice be done". Historically in England, a warrant for a writ of error in Parliament or later a petition of right in the courts could be brought only after the king, or on his behalf the Home Secretary, had endorsed fiat justitia on a petition for such a warrant. It was a means of granting leave to appeal by exercise of the royal prerogative.

## Famous modern uses

Fiat Justitia appears at the bottom of the 1835 portrait of Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall by Rembrandt Peale, which hangs in a conference room at the Supreme Court Building in Washington. It is also the motto of Sri Lanka Law College, Richmond County, North Carolina; Jefferson County, New York; University of California, Hastings College of the Law; the Massachusetts Bar Association, University of Saskatchewan College of Law, and the Supreme Court of Nevada, and appears on the official seals of these institutions.
Fiat Justitia is the motto of Britain's Royal Air Force Police as well as the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court.
Fiat Justitia also appears as the motto of Nuffield College, Oxford, and the Sri Lanka law college, and is also found in the Holy Bible on the crest of St. Sylvester's College, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
Fiat Justitia is the motto on the town crest of South Molton in North Devon.
# HLT (x86 instruction)

In the x86 computer architecture, HLT (halt) is an assembly language instruction which halts the central processing unit (CPU) until the next external interrupt is fired. Interrupts are signals sent by hardware devices to the CPU alerting it that an event occurred to which it should react. For example, hardware timers send interrupts to the CPU at regular intervals.
Most operating systems execute a HLT instruction when there is no immediate work to be done, putting the processor into an idle state. In Windows NT, for example, this instruction is run in the "System Idle Process". On x86 processors, the opcode of HLT is 0xF4.
On ARM processors, the similar instructions are WFI (Wait For Interrupt) and WFE (Wait For Event).

## History on x86

All x86 processors from the 8086 onward had the HLT instruction, but it was not used by MS-DOS prior to 6.0 and was not specifically designed to reduce power consumption until the release of the Intel DX4 processor in 1994. MS-DOS 6.0 provided a POWER.EXE that could be installed in CONFIG.SYS and in Microsoft's tests it saved 5%. Some of the first 100 MHz DX chips had a buggy HLT state, prompting the developers of Linux to implement a "no-hlt" option for use when running on those chips, but this was fixed in later chips.
Intel has since introduced additional processor-yielding instructions. These include:
* PAUSE in SSE2 intended for spin loops. Available to userspace (low-privilege rings).
* MONITOR/MWAIT in SSE3 for thread synchronization.
* TPAUSE (timed pause) and UMONITOR/UMWAIT (userspace monitor/mwait). Available to userspace.

## Process

Almost every modern processor instruction set includes an instruction or sleep mode which halts the processor until more work needs to be done. In interrupt-driven processors, this instruction halts the CPU until an external interrupt is received. On most architectures, executing such an instruction allows the processor to significantly reduce its power usage and heat output, which is why it is commonly used instead of busy waiting for sleeping and idling. In most processors, halting (instead of looping) also reduces the latency of the next interrupt.

## Use in operating systems

Since issuing the HLT instruction requires ring 0 access, it can only be run by privileged system software such as the kernel. Because of this, it is often best practice in application programming to use the application programming interface (API) provided for that purpose by the operating system when no more work can be done, such as Linux's sched_yield. This is referred to as "yielding" the processor. This allows the operating system's scheduler to decide whether other processes are runnable; if not. If every process is sleeping or waiting, it will normally execute a HLT instruction to cut power usage until the next hardware interrupt.
# Crazy from the Heart (album)

Crazy From the Heart is the twelfth studio album by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers. It was released in 1987 via MCA and Curb Records. The album includes the singles "Crazy from the Heart", "Santa Fe" and "I'll Give You All My Love Tonight".

## Personnel

Adapted from liner notes.

### The Bellamy Brothers

* David Bellamy - lead vocals
* Howard Bellamy - harmony vocals

### Musicians

* Matt Betton - drums
* Billy Crain - electric guitar
* Charlie Daniels - harmony vocals
* Wally Dentz - harmonica
* David Hungate - bass guitar
* John Barlow Jarvis - DX-7, piano
* Mike Lawler - synthesizer
* Patty Loveless - harmony vocals
* George Terry - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Billy Joe Walker Jr. - acoustic guitar
* Reggie Young - electric guitar

## Chart performance

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 50 |
# Crystal Township

Crystal Township may refer to one of the following townships in the United States:
* Crystal Township, Hancock County, Iowa
* Crystal Township, Tama County, Iowa
* Crystal Township, Montcalm County, Michigan
* Crystal Township, Oceana County, Michigan
# General Pratt

General Pratt may refer to:
* Don Pratt (1892–1944), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Douglas Henry Pratt (1892–1958), British Army major general
* Henry Conger Pratt (1882–1966), U.S. Army major general
* James T. Pratt (1802–1887), Connecticut Horse Guard major general
* Richard Henry Pratt (1840–1924), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Thomas Simson Pratt (1797–1879), British Army general
# Mannings Heath Golf & Wine Estate

Mannings Heath Golf & Wine Estate is located in Mannings Heath, Horsham in the south of England. The 500 acre parkland site includes two golf courses and a vineyard.
The estate was acquired by Penny Streeter OBE in 2016 and is a division of The Benguela Collection, a wine producer and hospitality group in the United Kingdom and South Africa.
Mannings Heath hosts PGA EuroPro tours.

## History

The land the course sits on was used in the 18th century as a meeting point for smugglers. In the late 1740s, its Hawkin's Pond was the scene of one of the Hawkhurst Gang's murders.
Mannings Heath was opened as a golf course in 1914, after having been designed by the English architect Harry Colt. Almost immediately after the course was laid, the land was seized for agricultural purposes to aid the war effort during World War I. The effects of war were felt again during World War II, when a Handley Page Halifax Bomber crashed on the golf course on 17 February 1945. The site has an official plaque memorial to commemorate the loss of life.
# Kipushi Mine

Kipushi Mine (formerly Prince Léopold Mine, French: Mine Prince Léopold) is an underground mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, near the town of Kipushi in Haut-Katanga Province.
Copper mining has occurred at Kipushi since prehistory. Based on radiocarbon dating, one study concluded there was mining activity at Kipushi in the 9th century. Production increased significantly in the 14th century, but it is unclear who was exploiting the mine at this time. Due to the unique geology of Kipushi, copper produced at the mine is chemically distinct from copper sourced from the surrounding areas of the copperbelt.
It was an active producing mine between 1925 and 1993, as of 2006 there was an estimated 16.9 million tons of ore in the measured and indicated categories, with a grade averaging of 16.7% zinc and 2.2% copper.
Since 2011, the Kipushi Mine is now majority owned by Ivanplats. A feasibility study was conducted in 2022, which found 11.78 million tonnes of Zinc at an ore grade of 35.34%. In September 2022, construction started to re-open the mine, with production planned to start in late 2024.
# Dale Rasmussen

Dale Rasmussen (born 5 July 1977) is a former Samoan international rugby union player. He played as an outside centre. Rasmussen joined Warriors from Exeter Chiefs in the summer of 2004 and made his debut in the club’s first-ever Premiership match against Newcastle Falcons.
The Samoan international cemented his place in the side straight away and was a consistent player throughout the 2005/06 season, playing 23 league and cup games throughout the campaign. His performances and commitment was recognised by the Warriors coaching staff when they selected him as the Player of the Year, the award for which he picked up at the club’s end of season awards celebration.
Last season Rasmussen signed a new three-year deal, which will keep him at Sixways until 2010.
In 2012, Ramussen announced that he would leave Worcester Warriors and retire from Rugby.
# Maheriraty

Maheriraty is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Farafangana, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 2,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are coffee and rice; also pepper is an important agricultural product. Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
22°44′S 47°37′E﻿ / ﻿22.733°S 47.617°E﻿ / -22.733; 47.617
* This Atsimo-Atsinanana location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 2019–20 Coppa Titano

The 2019–20 Coppa Titano was the sixty-second edition of the football competition in San Marino. The new cup format which began the previous season was used again.
Tre Fiori were the defending champions after winning the previous season's cup by defeating Folgore in the final by the score of 1–0.
The cup was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino.

## Format

The draw for the competition was held on 27 August 2019. The final would have been contested over one leg, with all earlier rounds being contested over two legs. When a winner could not be determined after 180 minutes, extra time and eventually penalties would be used to determine a winner. A fourth substitution was allowed when extra time was needed to determine a winner.

## First round

The first legs of the first round were played on 26–27 October 2019, and the second legs were played on 9–10 November 2019. The draw for the first round was held on 27 August 2019. As defending champions, Tre Fiori were given a bye in the first round.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Domagnano | 2–1 | Fiorentino | 2–1 | 0–0 |
| Virtus | 1–5 | Cailungo | 1–2 | 0–3 |
| Murata | 2–4 | Tre Penne | 0–2 | 2–2 |
| Folgore | 4–1 | Faetano | 2–1 | 2–0 |
| Juvenes/Dogana | 2–3 | Libertas | 2–1 | 0–2 |
| San Giovanni | 1–5 | Cosmos | 1–4 | 0–1 |
| Pennarossa | 4–5 | La Fiorita | 2–3 | 2–2 |

## Quarter–finals

The first legs of the quarter–finals were played on 26–27 November 2019, and the second legs were played on 10–11 December 2019.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Tre Fiori | 8–2 | Domagnano | 4–1 | 4–1 |
| Cosmos | 1–8 | La Fiorita | 1–3 | 0–5 |
| Folgore | 4–2 | Libertas | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| Cailungo | 0–11 | Tre Penne | 0–5 | 0–6 |
# 2014 supranational electoral calendar

Several supranational elections were held in 2014.

## May

* 4 May: Panama, Elections for the Central American Parliament
* 22–25 May: European Union, European Parliament

## June

* 11 June: United Nations General Assembly, United Nations General Assembly President

## October

* United Nations Security Council, Security Council

## November

* United Nations Human Rights Council, Human Rights Council
# Ennen aamunkoittoo

Ennen aamunkoittoo is the fourth studio album by Finnish reggae artist Raappana. Released on 9 October 2015, the album peaked at number 36 on the Finnish Albums Chart.

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 36 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Finland | 9 October 2015 | CD, digital download | Suomen Musiikki |
# Crazy for Your Love (Bee Gees song)

"Crazy for Your Love" is a song by pop music group Bee Gees, which was released in 1988 as the third single from their seventeenth studio album E.S.P. (1987). The song was written by Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb and Maurice Gibb, and produced by Arif Mardin and the Bee Gees, with co-production by Brian Tench. "Crazy for Your Love" peaked at No. 79 in the UK Singles Chart and remained in the Top 100 for two weeks.

## Critical reception

On its release, Eleanor Levy of Record Mirror wrote: "This is the Bee Gees back to their camp, screaming best (or, indeed, worst, depending on your point of view). Sharing the heavy-handed drum beat of "You Win Again" but little else, in the battle for the Club 18-30 dancefloor, the Bee Gees take no prisoners." In a review of E.S.P., Paul Grein of the Los Angeles Times described "Crazy for Your Love" as a "rollicking pop piece that suggests Kenny Loggins". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic retrospectively picked "Crazy for Your Love" as one track on E.S.P that works as the band "attempt[ed] to add some street beats and mild hip-hop to their standard adult pop".

## Track listing
### 7" single

* "Crazy for Your Love" - 4:40
* "You Win Again" (5.14 Remix) - 5:14

### 12" single

* "Crazy for Your Love" - 4:40
* "You Win Again" (5.14 Remix) - 5:14
* "Giving Up the Ghost" - 4:26

## Personnel

Crazy for Your Love
* Barry Gibb – lead vocals, backing vocals
* Maurice Gibb – additional keyboards, backing vocals
* Robin Gibb – backing vocals
* Greg Phillinganes – keyboards, bass sequencing
* Joe Mardin – bass sequencing, drum programming
Production
* Arif Mardin, Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb – producers of "Crazy for Your Love" and "You Win Again"
* Brian Tench – co-producer on "Crazy for Your Love" and "You Win Again"
* Shep Pettibone – additional production and mixing on "You Win Again"
* Doc Dougherty – mix engineer on "You Win Again"
* Tuta Aquino – editing on "You Win Again"
Other
* T&CP Assoc. – design
* Pierre Terrasson – photography

## Charts

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 79 |
# Crumstown, Indiana

Crumstown is an unincorporated community in LaPorte and St. Joseph counties, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Christian Holler laid out the original plat of the town of Crum's Point (Crumstown) on April 21, 1875, on the line of the Grand Trunk Railroad. The community was named after Nathaniel H. Crum, an early settler. Christian Holler platted an addition to the town on January 20, 1882, in Warren Township near the junction of the Grapevine Creek and the Kankakee River. The population in 1900 was one hundred.
A post office was established at Crumstown in 1875, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1918.