OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# R2 road (Zimbabwe)

The R2 Road is an international road in Zimbabwe that runs from Harare (Capital of Zimbabwe), through Bulawayo, to Plumtree border post.
It is a combination of the A5 Highway which is the Harare-Bulawayo Highway and the A7 Highway which is the Bulawayo-Plumtree Highway. For the purpose of regional identity the highway from Botswana to Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe is named Road 2 (R2).
Source: [Map 9.2 Road Transport Network of Zimbabwe.]
In Harare the road can be picked at the Harare Show Grounds as Samora Machel Avenue. 17°49′46″S 31°01′59″E﻿ / ﻿17.829466°S 31.032936°E﻿ / -17.829466; 31.032936﻿ (R2 Road Harare Showground) and in Plumtree, Zimbabwe it can be picked at the Border Post or in town at the railway station. 20°29′24″S 27°48′23″E﻿ / ﻿20.48994°S 27.806433°E﻿ / -20.48994; 27.806433﻿ (R2 Road Plumtree town)

## Background

The R2 was rehabilitated together with the R3 in the project undertaken by the Zimbabwe National Roads Adminuration (ZINARA) as part of the regional transit highway dubbed the Plumtree-Bulawayo-Harare-Mutare Highway project in 2015.

## Operations

The connects Harare and Botswana serving numerous waypoints along the route course.

### Harare-Bulawayo Highway

The A5 covers the Harare to Bulawayo via Kwekwe road.

### Bulawayo-Plumtree Road

This highway covers Figtree, Zimbabwe, Marula and Plumtree.
A7 Highway actually ends 10.2 kilometres (6.3 mi) past Plumtree Town, where it meets Botswana's A1 Highway.

## Distance Table

The R2 is 549 kilometres (341 mi) long. The A5 Highway part is 439 kilometres (273 mi) and the A7 Highway is 110 kilometres (68 mi) right to the border post.
| From | To | Distance |
| Harare | Chegutu | 106 kilometres (66 mi) |
| Chegutu | Kadoma | 35 kilometres (22 mi) |
| Kadoma | Kwekwe | 72 kilometres (45 mi) |
| Kwekwe | Gweru | 62 kilometres (39 mi) |
| Gweru | Bulawayo | 164 kilometres (102 mi) |
| Bulawayo | Plumtree | 100 kilometres (62 mi) |
| Plumtree | Border Post | 10.2 kilometres (6.3 mi) |
| Harare | Plumtree Border Post | 549 kilometres (341 mi) |
# John Charlton (MP)

John Charlton (fl. early 1400s) was the member of Parliament for Malmesbury for the parliaments of 1406, April 1414, and 1420.
# Embassy of Liberia, Washington, D.C.

The Embassy of Liberia in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Liberia to the United States. It is located at 5201 16th Street Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the 16th Street Heights neighborhood. The property was initially purchased to be the ambassador's residence, but Ambassador Charles D.B. King later purchased a different residence.
# Safir

Safir may refer to:
* SAFIR, the Single Aperture Far-Infrared Observatory
* Safir (Arthurian legend), a Saracen Knight of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend
* Safir (Belgian beer), a Belgian beer now owned by InBev
* Safir (cycling team), a Belgian professional cycling team known as Safir 1978 and 1985
* Safir (models), a French toy company specializing in 1:43 scale cars and trucks.
* Safir (rocket) an Iranian rocket
* Safir (singer) Danish singer and songwriter
* Safir (vehicle), an Iranian made military jeep
* Safir Engineering, a racecar engineering firm
* Saab 91 Safir, a single-engine trainer aircraft
# Kulathur, Gandharvakottai, Pudukkottai

Kulathur is a village in the Gandharvakottai block of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, Kulathur had a total population of 3,275 with 1,620 males and 1,655 females in 719 households, with 360 children of age 0–6. 1,216 men and 896 women were literate.
# List of highways numbered 76C

Route 76C or Highway 76C may refer to:

## United States

* Interstate 76 Connector (unsigned)
* Nebraska Spur 76C
* Route 76C
# Deosai Mountains

The Deosai Mountains are a range of mountains in the Himalayas. They lie to the southeast of the Indus River gorge in northern Pakistan, across the western border of Ladakh, and adjoin the Zaskar Range. The district of Kargil lies at the junction of the Deosai and the Greater Himalayan Range. To the east of the Deosai Mountains is the highland plateau of the Deosai Plains; although the two names are sometimes conflated. The runoff from the southern slopes of the Deosai Mountains forms a tributary that joins the Shiugo River, which then merges with the Dras River.
# R2 RNA element

The R2 RNA element is a non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposable element that inserts at a specific site in the 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of most insect genomes. In order to insert itself into the genome, retrotransposon encoded protein (R2) protein makes a specific nick in one of the DNA strands at the insertion site and uses the 3′ hydroxyl group exposed by this nick to prime the reverse transcription process termed target primed reverse transcription (TPRT), where the RNA genome is transcribed into DNA.

## 3' UTR element

The R2 element 3' UTR RNA is a cis-acting element identified in R2 retrotransposons which is involved in priming the reverse transcription process (an essential part of retrotransposon insertion into the host genome). An RNA fragment found in the R2 3' untranslated region (3'UTR), has been shown to interact with one copy of R2 protein during TPRT. This fragment has been shown to possess conserved secondary structure within Drosophila and silk moths, and also between the two groups.

## 5' UTR ribozyme

The R2 element is co-transcribed with host organism 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). To become a fully mature R2 messenger RNA (mRNA), requires that the initial R2 transcript be processed to remove the 28S rRNA. This processing occurs via a self-cleaving ribozyme that forms at the 5' junction of the R2 RNA. This ribozyme has been found to have high structural similarity to the HDV ribozyme but they are not homologous; the two sequences are thought to have undergone convergent evolution.

## The 5′ R2 protein binding site

The 5′ R2 protein binding site occurs in a region that spans part of the 5' UTR and the start of the R2 ORF. This region also has a conserved secondary structure, which has been deduced from binding to oligonucleotide microarrays, structure probing, and free energy minimization. To date, conservation of structure has only been described in five moth species: Bombyx mori (R2Bm), Samia cynthia (R2Sc), Coscinocera hercules (R2Ch), Callosamia promethea (R2Cpr), Saturnia pyri (R2Spy)
Within this 5' protein binding site an RNA pseudoknot structure occurs. The pseudoknot is highly conserved between the 5 silk moth species. Sequence comparisons show evidence for compensatory mutations within the helical regions indicating the secondary structure of the RNA is of biological importance. In particular, this pseudoknot is proposed to have implications for initiation of translation.
# Eosentomon actitum

Eosentomon actitum is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia.
# Embassy of Malawi, Washington, D.C.

The Embassy of Malawi in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Malawi to the United States. It is located at 2408 Massachusetts Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Embassy Row neighborhood.
As of 2024, the ambassador is Justice Esme Jynet Chombo.
# Coleoxestia nitidissima

Coleoxestia nitidissima is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Panama.
# San Bartolomé Yucuañe

San Bartolomé Yucuañe is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 65.07 km$^2$. It is part of the Tlaxiaco District in the south of the Mixteca Region. As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 380.
# Girraj

Girraj is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Girraj Dandotiya, Indian politician
* Girraj Kishore Mahaur (born 1950), Indian politician
* Girraj Singh Dharmesh, Indian politician
# Gurla Junction railway station

Gurla Junction railway station is a railway station in Bundi district, Rajasthan. Its code is GQL. It serves Gurla. The station consists of 3 platforms. Passenger and Express trains halt here.
# Der Fürst und das Mädchen

Der Fürst und das Mädchen is a German drama television series.
# Clarinet Concerto No. 2

Clarinet Concerto No. 2 may refer to:
* Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (Arnold)
* Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (Weber)
# Quercus aerea

Quercus aerea is a species of oak endemic to Mexico. It is native to the Mexican Plateau, in the states of San Luis Potosí and Chihuahua.
# John Ball (Drogheda MP)

John Ball (c. 1754 – 24 August 1813) was an Irish barrister and politician.
Ball was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. From 1796 to 1800, he was MP for Drogheda in the Irish House of Commons. Ball pleaded without success against the union in parliament and was seen as one of the most able lawyers of his day.
# Enrique Peña Sánchez

Enrique Peña Sánchez (17 July 1880 – 13 April 1922) was a leading Cuban cornet player, orchestra leader and composer.

## Biography

Born in Puerto Padre, a small town in the old province of Oriente, Peña studied with Marcos González and José Santos Betancourt. In 1902 he moved to Havana, and founded the band La Juventud, with himself as director and cornet, Rogelio Solis (double bass), Félix González (ophicleide), José Belén Puig (first clarinet), José Urfé (second clarinet), José de los Reyes (kettle drum) and Rufino Cárdenas (güiro). This band had several members who became well known; Puig went on to become a famous leader of his own charanga. The band functioned until 1906.
His second band was called the Orquesta típica de Enrique Peña. Its line-up was Peña (cornet); Antonio González (trombone); Féliz González (figle); José Belén Puig (1st clarinet); José Urfé (2nd clarinet); Julián Barreto (violin); Alfredo Sáenz (violin); José de los Reyes (tympani); Rufino Cárdenas (güíro) and unknown (double bass). This orchestra became famous for being the first to play El bombín de Barreto (Barreto's bowler hat), written by Urfé, which was supposedly the first danzón to incorporate a syncopated third part, influenced by the son. The group recorded about 150 numbers, some of which are available on CD.
Peña was a prolific composer of danzones, amongst which are El ñáñigo, El dengue, El demonio de la negra, La flor de Cuba, Malabares and Edén concert. He died in Havana.
# Emanuella Carlbeck

Emanuella Ottiliana Carlbeck (24 August 1829 – 10 September 1901) was a Swedish pedagogue and is counted as a pioneer in the education of students with Intellectual disability. She founded the first institution for people with Intellectual disabilities in Gothenburg in 1866. The institution included a school, a working home and an asylum for patients.

## Life

Emanuella Carlbeck was the daughter of a vicar, Johan Carlbeck, and Gustava Rebecka Syk, the daughter of a restaurant owner in Karlstad. Emanuella worked as a caretaker and governess as an adult and never married. Her concern for children born with intellectual disabilities was initiated by the birth of her nephew, who had this disability, by her sister Ephraima. In mid 19th-century Sweden, there were no institutions for these children, nor any places in the public eye whatsoever: they were simply hidden away by their families and never seen, "perceived as being completely incapable of being educated." Like her contemporary Sophia Wilkens, Emanuella Carlbeck belonged to the class of upper- and middle class females engaged in social reform work.
In 1866, at age 37, she founded her first institution for children with intellectual disabilities in Gothenburg, including a school and a working home as well as an asylum. This has been referred to as the first institution of its kind in Sweden: though the one of Sophia Wilkens was in fact founded seven years prior, it was the one of Carlbeck's that became the role model for all following institutions in the nation. In the beginning it had only a handful of patients and grew rapidly, as institutions for disabled children in particular were a novelty. From 1871 on, it was given government support.
According to one source, Carlbeck learned her craft by visiting other international institutions where disabled children were being successfully educated.
   Emanuella Carlbeck gained much of her knowledge of special-needs pedagogy by reading a lot of the available material on the subject. She also undertook study trips to Denmark and Germany to visit their already extant institutions for intellectually impaired people. From 1872 onwards Emanuella Carlbeck began to attend the so-called ‘abnormal school’ meetings which were periodically held within Scandinavia. ... As her surviving papers reveal, Emanuella Carlbeck felt that working on behalf of the ‘cause of idiots’ was a God-given task.
Originally a private charitable institution, her first school was taken over by the state in 1885. She continued to receive funding from the clergy in Västergötland, and they also helped her buy the Johannesberg estate near Mariestad in 1875, which she converted into a school. The Johannesberg school was visited by interested educators every year and served as a model to many others.
Emanuella Carlbeck died at Johannesberg in 1901 and has been referred to as the founder of the Swedish institutionalized care.
# Collared myna

The collared myna (Acridotheres albocinctus) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae.
It is found in China, India, and Myanmar.
It is omnivorous.
# Ginny Hasselfield

Ginny Hasselfield is a Canadian politician, and was the leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party between 1996 and 1998. A former Manitoba teacher and principal, she was also president and co-founder of Cross Cultural Communications International Inc. a company that provided diversity training and education throughout Canada. In 1995, she was awarded the Manitoba YM/YWCA Woman of Distinction award.
Although Hasselfield had never run for provincial office, she was known in Manitoba as a prominent organizer for the Liberal Party and was supported by the party's establishment against Kevin Lamoureux, a maverick MLA from north-end Winnipeg.
Hasselfield and Lamoureux had a very poor personal relationship during the 1996 leadership contest. The voting was determined by a "weighted" balloting process (i.e. every party member could vote in his/her home constituency, and the votes from each constituency were averaged out to provide an equal number of "points" for the total). Lamoureux received more membership votes, but the concentration of his support in north Winnipeg meant that Hasselfield was able to attain a 21-point victory.
After the federal election of 1997, Lamoureux and Gary Kowalski left the Liberal caucus to sit as "Independent Liberals" (this left Neil Gaudry as the only official Liberal MLA in the Manitoba legislature). With the party's internal organization crumbing, Hasselfield was persuaded to stand down as party leader on February 4, 1998. While she never stood for election to the legislature, she was leader during one by-election in Portage la Prairie.
Hasselfield later moved to British Columbia, and continued her active involvement in the Liberal Party of Canada. Her roles included chairing the Federal Liberal President's Council of British Columbia and co-chair of the Liberal Laurier Club. In 2006, she was appointed a Director of the Fraser River Port Authority and was involved in developing plans that eventually amalgamated the Port of Vancouver with the North and South Fraser ports. She is currently on the Board of the South Coast British Columbia Transit Police Authority.
# Jaula de Oro (album)

Jaula de Oro (Spanish for Cage of Gold) is the title of a studio album released by the Mexican norteño group, Los Tigres del Norte, in 1984. It was the first number one on the Billboard Regional Mexican Albums.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Wilson Neate of Allmusic gave the album a four of out five praising the title track of the album.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Regional Mexican Album | 1 |
# Clarinet Marmalade

Clarinet Marmalade, later Clarinet Marmalade Blues, is a 1918 dixieland jazz standard composed by Larry Shields and Henry Ragas of the Original Dixieland Jass Band. It is played in the key of F major. It was recorded by Fletcher Henderson in 1926 and Frankie Trumbauer in 1927.
In 2024, the original 1918 recording was inducted into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being ''culturally, historically or aesthetically significant''.

## Original recording

The original RCA Victor 1918 recording by the Original Dixieland Jass Band is described as a "small-combo ensemble piece with strong links to the march tradition". It was dominated by Larry Shields's solo on clarinet, accompanied by Henry Ragas. "Clarinet Marmalade" was one of the landmark compositions of early jazz and was a very popular jazz standard in the 1920s; the Original Dixieland Jass Band's sound was widely emulated during this period. In 1919, the song became a staple of the touring James Reese Europe band.

## Fletcher Henderson and Frankie Trumbauer recordings

Fletcher Henderson's 1926 recording increased the popularity of the tune. He is credited with "transforming it into a vehicle for hot soloists and ensemble riffs, including a new introduction and the streamlining omission of several transitional passages." Henderson's version of "Clarinet Marmalade" was an inspiration for several standards of the period such as "Sugar Foot Stomp" and "King Porter Stomp". It was recorded in the 1927-1929 period by musicians such as Berlyn Baylor, Ted Lewis, Phil Napoleon, Lud Gluskin and Bill Carlsen.
Frankie Trumbauer and his orchestra, featuring Bix Beiderbecke, first recorded a version of the tune in February 1927 to much success. Richard Hadlock has cited Trumbauer's "Clarinet Marmalade" as "a triumph in terms of logical overall structure, melodic symmetry and rhythmic drive, a most extraordinary jazz recording" and opines that Beiderbecke's palette of color through his use of ninths, elevenths and thirteenths and substitution of scales for arpeggios was "about three decades ahead of 1927". Henderson in turn re-recorded "Clarinet Marmalade" in March 1931, inspired in part by Trumbauer's take on it, but with the restoration of the original introduction. Bill Challis's recording represented a "medium" between the different versions, and he also transcribed the piece.

## Compilation album

A compilation album of the same name was released in 1994 featuring "25 Great Jazz Clarinetists" such as Benny Goodman, Johnny Dodds, Artie Shaw, Sidney Bechet, Pee Wee Russell, Woody Herman and others.

## Louis Armstrong

Louis Armstrong recorded the tune; his interest in it started in New Orleans when he learned the clarinet solo from the original record in addition to the clarinet obbligato of "High Society", which helped to shape his music vocabulary.
# Quercus acutangula

Quercus acutangula is a species of oak native to Guerrero, Mexico. It usually grows in either the desert or the dry shrubland biome. It was first published in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 318 in 1934 by William Trelease.

## Description

Quercus acutangula a tree or a shrub, typically exceeding 3 meters in height. Further information regarding its morphology, habitat preferences, and uses is currently unavailable.

## Validity

There is some debate among Mexican authors regarding the validity of Quercus acutangula as described by Trelease. According to a work published by Susana Valencia-A. in 2004, this species should not be currently recognized as valid. It is suggested that it could potentially be a hybrid or a morphological variety.
# George McLendon

George McLendon was the Howard R. Hughes Provost and a Professor of Chemistry at Rice University. McLendon holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Texas at El Paso and a doctorate from Texas A&M University. He assumed the role of provost from 2010-2015 after serving as Dean of Trinity College of Arts and Science at Duke University. Prior to his tenure at Duke, McLendon was the R.W. Moore Professor and chair of the Department of Chemistry at Princeton University.
McLendon's research is focused on inorganic and physical biochemistry. He has published over 200 peer reviewed papers and received national research awards, including the ACS Award in Pure Chemistry, the Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry, Sloan Dreyfus Award, and Guggenheim Fellowships. His publications range from solar nanotechnology to cell death pathways. His most recent research has direct implications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases. He has been involved in launching several biotech startups, including Tetralogic Pharmaceuticals.
As provost, McLendon outlined a broad strategy called "The Rice Initiatives." The initiatives encompass three main areas of focus: bioscience and health, energy and the environment, and international strategy. He is also pursuing an international strategy for expanding Rice's image abroad.
# Podemski

Podemski (feminine: Podemska) is a Polish surname. May refer to:
* Hieronim Podemski [pl] (born 1926), Polish politician
* Jennifer Podemski (born 1973), Canadian actress of Polish descent
* Krzysztof Podemski [pl] (born 1953), Polish sociologist
* Maciej Podemski [pl] (born 1939), Polish geologist
* Sarah Podemski (born 1983), Canadian actress of Polish descent
* Stanisław Podemski [pl] (1929-2011), Polish journalist
* Tamara Podemski (born 1977), Canadian actress of Polish descent
* Teresa Podemska-Abt [pl] (born 1952), Polish writer
# John W. Sullivan

John W. Sullivan was an Irish-Canadian mathematician, astronomer, and explorer who took part in the Palliser Expedition in the 19th century.

## Biography

Sullivan taught at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, England. On the recommendation of fellow Naval College faculty member Edward Purcell, he became the astronomer and secretary on the Palliser Expedition that explored and surveyed what is now western Canada from 1857 to 1860.
As part of his explorations, Sullivan described the Nakoda people, and was the first to record the Sarcee language.

## Legacy

Mount Sullivan, a peak near Dease Lake (British Columbia), is named after Sullivan.
# Kan ar Bobl

Kan ar Bobl (Breton for Song of the people) is a Breton music competition created in 1973, that takes place in Lorient as part of the Festival Interceltique de Lorient. It was the brainchild of Polig Montjarret.

## Presentation

At the time of the festival's inauguration, Celtic music was quite popular, with Alan Stivell, Dan Ar Braz, Glenmor and Gilles Servat being big names in the field. Quickly, its success had put pressure on the organisers to hold local heats all over Brittany before the final (1975). This formula is still in use today, and offers the advantage that only the best musicians can play at the final. Since 1993, the festivities have been held in Pontivy (Morbihan), and in 1997 it was passed into the hands of its eponym. Since 1990, a "Grand Prix of Kan ar Bobl" is given to the winners of different competitions. In 2005, the Kanit ta bugale trophy was set up, in honour of Polig Montjarret, who died in 2003.
The Kan ar Bobl festival marks an important date in the Breton cultural diary as it boasts a meet-up of hundreds of musicians and singers in the region who play an active part in the conservation of Brittany's rich musical heritage. Many bands have been formed after meeting there, including Storvan, Denez Prigent, Yann-Fañch Kemener and Ar Re Yaouank.

## The competition

The Kan ar Bobl's aim is to conserve and transmit musical patrimony throughout different areas of Brittany, but also to inspire new original forms. The heats take place in different areas of Brittany, and the participants must perform in front of judges. The musicians may compete in more than category, and may even perform in different locations if needs be.
The chosen artists take part in the final, held in Pontivy where they must perform again.

## Main categories

* Traditional song
* Creation
* Tales
* Duets
* Solo Instruments
* Music groups
* School groups