# List of heads of state and government who were sentenced to death

This is an incomplete list of former heads of regimes, like presidents, prime ministers and monarchs, who were sentenced to death by the succeeding regime.
| Leader | Country | Born | Title | Died | Notes |
| Ion Antonescu | Romania | June 15, 1882 | Prime minister (1940–1944) | June 1, 1946 | Executed by firing squad |
| Ivan Bagryanov | Bulgaria | October 29, 1891 | Prime minister (1944) | February 1, 1945 | Executed |
| Celâl Bayar | Turkey | May 16, 1883 | President (1950–1960) Prime minister (1937–1939) | August 22, 1986 | Sentence commuted; released in 1964 |
| Zulfikar Ali Bhutto | Pakistan | January 5, 1928 | President (1971–1973) Prime minister (1973–1977) | April 4, 1979 | Executed by hanging |
| Jean-Bédel Bokassa | Central African Empire | February 22, 1921 | Emperor (1976–1979) President (1966–1976) | November 3, 1996 | Sentence commuted; released in 1993 |
| Dobri Bozhilov | Bulgaria | June 13, 1884 | Prime minister (1943–1944) | February 1, 1945 | Executed |
| Nicolae Ceaușescu | Romania | January 26, 1918 | President (1967–1989) | December 25, 1989 | Executed by firing squad |
| Charles I of England | England Scotland Ireland | November 19, 1600 | King (1625–1649) | January 30, 1649 | Executed by decapitation |
| Chen Gongbo | Collaborationist China | October 19, 1892 | President (1944–1945) | June 3, 1946 | Executed by firing squad |
| Chun Doo-hwan | South Korea | January 18, 1931 | President (1980–1988) | November 23, 2021 | Sentence commuted; released in 1997 |
| Bogdan Filov | Bulgaria | April 9, 1883 | Prime minister (1940–1943) | February 2, 1945 | Executed |
| Amir-Abbas Hoveyda | Iran | February 18, 1919 | Prime minister (1965–1977) | April 7, 1979 | Executed by firing squad |
| Lady Jane Grey | England | c. 1536 | Queen (1553) | July 19, 1553 | Executed |
| Li Si | China (Qin dynasty) | c. 280 BC | Chancellor (? to 208 BCE) | 208 BC | Executed by waist chop |
| Liang Hongzhi | Collaborationist China | 1882 | Chairman (1938–1940) | November 6, 1946 | Executed by firing squad |
| Louis XVI | France | August 23, 1754 | King (1774–1792) | January 21, 1793 | Executed by decapitation (guillotine) |
| Patrice Lumumba | Congo-Léopoldville | July 2, 1925 | Prime Minister (1960) | January 17, 1961 | Executed by firing squad |
| Francisco Macías Nguema | Equatorial Guinea | January 1, 1924 | President (1968–1979) | September 29, 1979 | Executed |
| Ferdinand Marcos | Philippines | September 11, 1917 | President (1965–1986) | September 28, 1989 | Sentence commuted; released in 22 October 1940 |
| Mary, Queen of Scots | Scotland | December 8, 1542 | Queen of Scotland (1542–1567) | February 8, 1587 | Beheaded by order of Queen Elizabeth I of England to prevent her inheriting the English throne. |
| Alphonse Massamba-Débat | Congo-Brazzaville | February 11, 1921 | President (1963–1968) Prime minister (1963) | March 25, 1977 | Executed |
| Adnan Menderes | Turkey | 1899 | Prime minister (1950–1960) | September 17, 1961 | Executed by hanging |
| Mengistu Haile Mariam | Ethiopia | May 21, 1937 | Head of state (1977–1987) President (1987–1991) | Living | Convicted in absentia |
| Benito Mussolini | Italy | July 29, 1883 | Prime minister (1922–1943) | April 28, 1945 | Executed by firing squad |
| Imre Nagy | Hungary | June 7, 1896 | Prime minister (1953–1955, 1956) | June 16, 1958 | Executed by hanging |
| Mohammad Najibullah | Afghanistan | August 6, 1947 | President (1987–1992) | September 27, 1996 | Executed by hanging |
| Nicholas II | Russia | May 18, 1868 | Emperor (1894–1917) | July 17, 1918 | Executed |
| Philippe Pétain | Vichy France | April 24, 1856 | Head of state (1940–1944) | July 23, 1951 | Sentence commuted to life imprisonment |
| Vidkun Quisling | Norway | July 18, 1887 | Minister president (1942–1945) | October 24, 1945 | Executed by firing squad |
| Edward James Roye | Liberia | March 11, 1815 | President (1870–1871) | February 11, 1872 | Sentenced to death, died in uncertain circumstances before sentence was carried out |
| Saddam Hussein | Iraq | April 28, 1937 | President (1979–2003) | December 30, 2006 | Executed by hanging |
| Sima Chi | China (Western Jin) | 284 | Emperor (307 to 311) | March 14, 313 | Executed prisoner of war |
| Sima Ye | China (Western Jin) | 300 | Emperor (313 to 316) | February 7, 318 | Executed prisoner of war |
| Ferenc Szálasi | Hungary | January 6, 1897 | Nationleader (1944–1945) | March 12, 1946 | Executed |
| Jozef Tiso | Slovakia | October 13, 1887 | President (1939–1945) | April 18, 1947 | Executed by hanging |
| Hideki Tojo | Japan | December 30, 1884 | Prime minister (1941–1944) | December 23, 1948 | Executed by hanging |
| Moussa Traoré | Mali | September 25, 1936 | President (1968–1991) | September 15, 2020 | Sentence commuted; released in 2002 |
| Wen Tianxiang | China (Song dynasty) | June 6, 1236 | Chancellor (1275–78) | January 9, 1283 | Executed prisoner of war |
| Ying Ziying | China (Qin dynasty) | Unknown | Emperor (207 BC) | January 206 BC | Executed prisoner of war |
| Zhao Gao | China (Qin dynasty) | Unknown | Chancellor (208 BC–207 BC) | 207 BC | Executed |
| Zhao Xian | China (Song dynasty) | November 2, 1271 | Emperor (1274–76) | May 1323 | Executed |
| Émile Derlin Zinsou | Dahomey | March 23, 1918 | President (1968–1969) | July 28, 2016 | Convicted in absentia |
| Georgios Papadopoulos | Greece | May 5, 1919 | Prime Minister (1967–1973) Regent (1972–1973) President (1973) | May 27, 1999 | Sentence commuted to life imprisonment |