OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Managerial finance

Managerial finance is the branch of finance that concerns itself with the financial aspects of managerial decisions.
Finance addresses the ways in which organizations (and individuals) raise and allocate monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects; Managerial finance, then, emphasizes the managerial application of these finance techniques and theories.
The techniques assessed (and developed) are drawn in the main from managerial accounting and corporate finance; the former allow management to better understand, and hence act on, financial information relating to profitability and performance; the latter are about optimizing the overall financial-structure; see Financial management § Role.
In both cases, the discipline addresses these from the Managerial perspectives of Planning, Directing, and Controlling; here in the more specific context of strategic planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of the organization's financial undertakings.
Academics working in this area are typically based in business school finance departments, in accounting, or in management science.

## Managerial accounting techniques

Management accounting techniques are applied in the preparation and presentation of financial and other decision oriented information "in such a way as to assist management in the formulation of policies and in the planning and control of the operation undertaking". The analytics here are thus concerned with forward-looking decisions, as opposed to the historical and compliance perspective of financial accounting.
Undertaking these tasks, financial managers use various management accounting and financial analysis techniques to accurately assess the results and performance of the business lines and units, and to monitor resource allocation within the organization; this includes profitability analysis and cost analytics
– employing techniques such as activity based costing, whole-life cost analysis, cost–volume–profit analysis, and variance analysis – as well budget analytics more generally. (See also cash flow forecast and financial forecast.)

## Corporate finance techniques

Managerial finance is, as above, also focused on the overall financial-structure of the business, including its realized impact on cash flow and profitability. It is thus interested in long-term revenue / business optimization, while also minimizing the potential impact of any financial shocks on short term performance. To accomplish these goals, managerial finance addresses techniques utilized in Corporate finance, usually organized re the following:
* Working capital management - addressing short term current assets and current liabilities and optimizing cash flow
* Capital budgeting, i.e. selection / valuation and funding of "projects" – addressing long term investments
* Capital structure and dividend policy – addressing long-term financial capital and attempting to optimize the balance sheet.
The discipline also considers the various applications of risk management here.
# Time 106.6

Time 106.6 was an Independent Local Radio station for Slough, Maidenhead and Windsor. Time played a variety of music from the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and today, with a strapline of 'all time favourites'. The station was available on FM on 106.6 MHz and online.

## History

The station launched as Star FM in 1993 (later one of six local stations owned by the UKRD Group to be branded under the 'Star' name), managed by Valerie Handley. Originally it was known as Star 101.6 before becoming Star 106.6, broadcasting from Slough's Observatory Shopping Centre in studios located on the first floor above Primark which are now the home of Asian Star Radio.
Star FM was sold to the London Media Company in May 2006, a subdivision of the Sunrise Radio Group, owners of Sunrise Radio, who re-branded the station into Time 106.6, in line with three other Sunrise-owned stations in Romford, Bexleyheath and Lewisham. It operated out of studios at Radio House in Southall during this time.
In January 2014, Time 106.6 and its sister stations entered Administration, and were acquired for an estimated £2m on 4 February 2014 by Lyca Media II Ltd, a subdivision of Lycamobile. The station has retained its branding as 'Time 106.6FM'.

## Programming

Time 106.6FM broadcast live output 24 hours a day. Traffic & travel news was from INRIX read by Gary Scott on the Breakfast show & Nicola Richards at Drivetime. The news programming was sourced locally & read by James Brydges and Kirsty Manley. Some bulletins were from Sky News. Sport was from Sports Media. Kevin Hatchard read on the breakfast show with Steve Bell at Drivetime & Saturday Sportszone. Paul Owens was the Programme Controller and Morning Presenter, other Presenters at the time of closure were Steve Lee, Steve Dean, Bruce Montgomery, Richard Linton, Gary Elsden, Jason Reynolds, Mark Denholm, Andy Smith, Ben Shoveller, and Tony Fatania.

## Performance

Audience data for period ending September 2015 TSA: This radio station broadcast to a survey area of 305,000 adults (aged 15+). Reach: It was listened to by 16,000 people (5.0%) each week. Hours: Each listener tuned in for 3.0 hours per week - a total of 50,000. Share: In its area, it had a 1.1% market share. Rajar

## Closure

The station ceased live broadcasting at 8pm on 15 October 2015, citing "unforeseen circumstances with the transmitter and aerial".
Time 106.6 was broadcasting from a temporary studio, at the Queensmere shopping centre in Slough with plans for permanent studios to be built in the centre. Other Lyca Media radio stations formerly known as Sunrise Radio and Kismat Radio, now known as Lyca Radio 1458 & Lyca Gold 1035 respectively are broadcasting from temporary studios in South London until they move to a permanent London home.
# Ed Green (baseball)

Edward M. Green (January 1860 – November 1, 1912) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Philadelphia Athletics of the American Association during the 1890 season.
Green began his professional career with in 1884 with Chambersburg and York. His most productive years in the minors may have been in 1886, 1888 and 1889 when he pitched at least 184 innings each season. He had an earned run average under 2.69 for each of the three seasons as well.
Green only played one season (1890) in the major leagues. His final two years (1891 and 1892) were spent in the minor leagues.

## Sources

* Career statistics from Baseball Reference
* This biographical article relating to an American baseball pitcher born in the 1860s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Moderate realism

Moderate realism (also called immanent realism) is a position in the debate on the metaphysics of universals which holds that there is no realm in which universals exist (in opposition to Platonic realism, which asserts the existence of abstract objects), nor do they really exist within particulars as universals, but rather universals really exist within particulars as particularised, and multiplied.

## Overview

Moderate realism is opposed to both the theory of Platonic forms and nominalism. Nominalists deny the existence of universals altogether, even as particularised and multiplied within particulars. Moderate realism, however, is considered a midpoint between Platonic realism and nominalism as it holds that the universals are located in space and time although they do not have separate realms.
Aristotle espoused a form of moderate realism as did Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, and Duns Scotus (cf. Scotist realism). Moderate realism is anti-realist about abstract objects, just like conceptualism is (their difference being that conceptualism denies the mind-independence of universals, while moderate realism does not). Aristotle's position, as expounded by Aquinas, denies the existence of the realm of Forms and that the world around constitutes the only world where nothing is existing precisely according to our universal concepts.

## Modern theories

A more recent and influential version of immanent realism has been advanced by Willard Van Orman Quine, in works such as "Posits and Reality" (1955), and D. M. Armstrong, in works such as his Universals: An Opinionated Introduction (1989, p. 8). For Quine, any object proposed by theory is considered real, stressing that "everything to which we concede existence is a posit from the standpoint of a description of the theory-building process", considering the idea that the theory withstood rigorous testing. According to Armstrong, universals are independent of the mind, and this is critical in accounting for causation and nomic connection.
# National Biodiversity Network

The National Biodiversity Network (UK) (NBN) is a collaborative venture set up in 2000 in the United Kingdom committed to making biodiversity information available through various media, including on the internet via the NBN Atlas—the data search website of the NBN.

## Description

It is estimated that up to 60,000 people routinely record biodiversity information in the UK and Ireland. Most of this effort is voluntary and is organised through about 2,000 national societies and recording schemes. The UK government through its agencies also collects biodiversity data and one of the principal elements for the collation and interpretation of this data is the network of Local Environmental Records Centres.
In 2012, it had been listed in the top 1,000 UK charities that raised most donations.

## NBN Trust

The NBN Trust—the organisation facilitating the building of the Network—supports agreed standards for the collection, collation and exchange of biodiversity data and encourages improved access. The present partnership consists of over 200 public and voluntary organisations and individual members.
The NBN Atlas currently holds over 300 million species records from over 1000 different datasets (August 2024). Data on the NBN Atlas can be accessed by anyone interested in UK, Northern Ireland and Isle of Man wildlife and can be searched at many different levels, as it allows the viewing of distribution maps and the downloading of data by using a variety of interactive tools. The maps can be customised by date range and can show changes in a species’ distribution.
The organisation believes that, by providing tools to make wildlife data accessible in a digitised and exchangeable form and by providing easy access to the information people need, wise and informed decisions can be made to ensure the natural environment is protected now and for future generations.

## Team

The National Biodiversity Network Trust employs a team to facilitate and co-ordinate its growth and development and is governed by a Board of Trustees. The NBN Trust is a registered charity.
# 1963–64 SM-sarja season

The 1963–64 SM-sarja season was the 33rd season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Tappara Tampere won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Tappara Tampere | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 99:46 | 28 |
| 2. | Koo-Vee Tampere | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 95:54 | 28 |
| 3. | Ilves Tampere | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 81:40 | 28 |
| 4. | Lukko Rauma | 18 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 91:52 | 21 |
| 5. | SaiPa Lauritsala | 18 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 71:66 | 19 |
| 6. | Karhut Pori | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 72:68 | 18 |
| 7. | HJK Helsinki | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 72:84 | 16 |
| 8. | TPS Turku | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 80:60 | 15 |
| 9. | Vesa Helsinki | 18 | 3 | 0 | 15 | 43:117 | 6 |
| 10. | WU Varkaus | 18 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 36:153 | 1 |

## Final

* Tappara Tampere - Koo-Vee Tampere 5:3
| Preceded by1962–63 SM-sarja season | SM-sarja season 1963–64 | Succeeded by1964–65 SM-sarja season |
# 1986 Southland Conference softball tournament

The 1986 Southland Conference tournament was held at Allan Saxe Field in Arlington, Texas on the Texas-Arlington campus. Northeast Louisiana won the seven team tournament. The Indians season ended with the tournament championship as they were not selected to the compete in the 1986 NCAA Division I softball tournament.

## Format

The tournament was a 7 team double elimination format. All teams which competed in conference play were members of the tournament field. Regular season champion, Southwestern Louisiana, received a first round bye.

## Tournament

Source:
| Round | Game | Matchup | Score | Notes |
| First round |||||
| 1 | 1 | McNeese State vs. North Texas State | 2–1 | McNeese State wins |
| 1 | 2 | Northeast Louisiana vs. Lamar | 5–3 | Northeast Louisiana wins |
| 1 | 3 | Texas-Arlington vs. Arkansas State | 11–0 | Texas-Arlington wins |
| Winner's Bracket |||||
| 2 | 4 | Southwestern Louisiana vs. McNeese State | 2–0 | Southwestern Louisiana wins |
| 2 | 5 | Northeast Louisiana vs. Texas-Arlington | 2–0 | Northeast Louisiana wins |
| Consolation Bracket |||||
| 3 | 6 | Lamar vs. Arkansas State | 8–1 | Arkansas State eliminated |
| 3 | 7 | McNeese State vs. Lamar | 5–0 | Lamar eliminated |
| 3 | 8 | North Texas State vs. Texas-Arlington | 1–0 | Texas-Arlington eliminated |
| 3 | 9 | McNeese State vs. North Texas State | 1–0 | North Texas State eliminated |
| Semifinals |||||
| 4 | 10 | Northeast Louisiana vs. Southwestern Louisiana | 2–1 | Northeast Louisiana wins |
| 4 | 11 | Southwestern Louisiana vs. McNeese State | 3–1 | McNeese State eliminated |
| Championship |||||
| 5 | 12 | Southwestern Louisiana vs. Northeast Louisiana | 4–2 | Southwestern Louisiana wins game one. |
| 5 | 13 | Northeast Louisiana vs. Southwestern Louisiana | 2–1 | Northeast Louisiana wins championship. |
# George Tyler (Royal Navy officer)

Sir George Tyler KH (28 December 1792 – 4 June 1862) was a British Royal Navy officer from who became a colonial governor and then Conservative Party politician.
The son of Admiral Sir Charles Tyler, he joined the navy in 1809, rising to the rank of captain in 1822, rear admiral in 1852, and vice admiral in 1857.
Tyler was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1833, and knighted again in November 1838. From 1833 to 1840 he was Lieutenant Governor of the island of St Vincent in the Caribbean, which it became part of the British Windward Islands.
He was elected unopposed as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Glamorganshire at a by-election in 1851 following the resignation of Viscount Adare He was re-elected unopposed in 1852, and did not defend his seat at the 1857 general election.
In 1847, 1848, 1849, and 1850 he was one of the 3 people nominated for to be High Sheriff of Glamorgan for the following year, but was not appointed.
Tyler lived at a Cotterell, in Glamorgan, Wales. He died on 4 June 1862 in at Dunraven Castle, Glamorgan.
# Maiestas clavata

Maiestas clavata is a species of bug from the Cicadellidae family that can be found in Liberia and Congo. It was originally placed in Recilia, but was moved to Maiestas in a 2009 revision.
# When Knights Were Bold (1916 British film)

When Knights Were Bold is a 1916 British silent comedy film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Gerald Ames, Marjorie Day and Gwynne Herbert. It was based on the 1906 play When Knights Were Bold by Harriett Jay.

## Cast

* Gerald Ames - Sir Bryan Ballymore
* Marjorie Day - Maid
* Gwynne Herbert - Isaacson
* Philip Hewland - Barker
* Hayford Hobbs - Widdicombe
* Edna Maude - Aunt Thornridge
* Janet Ross - Lady Rowena
* James Welch - Sir Guy de Vere
* Bert Wynne - Whittle
# Ioan Totu

Ioan Totu (Romanian pronunciation:; May 14, 1931 – April 21, 1992) was a Romanian economist and communist politician who served as the Vice Prime Minister of Romania from 1982 to 1985 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1986 to 1989, during the rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu. He briefly served as President of the State Planning Committee in late 1989.

## Life and political career

Born in Otetelișu, Vâlcea County, Totu attended the Commercial High School in Craiova from 1949 to 1950 and then studied at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, which he graduated in 1953. After being an assistant at the Nicolae Bălcescu Institute for Agricultural Sciences between 1953 and 1954, he became a lecturer at the Chair of Political Sciences and Secretary of the Union of Communist Youth Committee at the Institute for Mining. He was also a propagandist for the Communist Party Committee in Sector 1 of Bucharest and was accepted as a member of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in 1955. In 1957 he moved to the University of Bucharest as a lecturer. After completing a course at the Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy in 1958, he became inspector of the department for teaching social sciences at the Ministry of Education and later, in 1962, instructor of the Central Committee's Department of Education, before becoming Head of the Higher Education Section of the Central Committee of the PCR in 1967.
In the Great National Assembly, Totu represented Dragalina, Călărași County from 1980 to 1985, and Dumbrăveni, Sibiu County from 1985 to 1989.
Totu was a member of the Romanian Politburo. He also served as the head of the Romanian mission to COMECON. He was generally known for his toughness, especially in his comments to the United States Department of State regarding the latter's criticism of the Romanian government for human rights abuse. As a member of Nicolae Ceaușescu's regime, he harshly criticized the U.S. Secretary of State George P. Shultz for seeking to "weaken the positions of socialism".
Totu was appointed Vice Prime Minister of Romania on November 3, 1982 and served in this post until March 28, 1985. On August 26, 1986 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania replacing a less experienced diplomat Ilie Văduva. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Totu re-established Romania's relations with Israel with the purpose to expand trade and economic relations, and to play an international role in the Middle East peace process. His term in office ended on November 2, 1989 and he was appointed the President of the State Planning Committee on November 4 which he held until December 22, 1989.

## Imprisonment and death

Totu was arrested on January 10, 1990, days after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. He was tried along with 24 Romanian Politburo members by the Military Court of Romania and sentenced to five and a half years in a Bucharest prison. After conviction and imprisonment, Totu committed suicide by hanging in 1992.
# Richland Library

Richland Library is the public library system of Richland County, South Carolina. In December 2012, the library shortened its name from Richland County Public Library. It has 11 branches including its 242,000 sq ft (22,500 m$^2$) Main Library. In 2001, it was named the National Library of the Year by the Library Journal and the Gale Group.

## History

The library began as a private charity in 1896. In 1924 the City of Columbia took over the operation and financing of the library, and the Columbia Public Library was born. Having been housed in a number of storefront locations, in 1929 the library moved into the former home of Dr James Woodrow, the uncle of President Woodrow Wilson. The library added a bookmobile, and a Phillis Wheatley branch in the African-American neighborhood of Waverly in 1930. In 1933 Richland County began financing the library, and in 1934 the South Carolina General Assembly approved the takeover, so the name was changed to Richland County Public Library. The library was granted nonprofit status in 1982.
In 1986, the RCPL, together with the University of South Carolina, began an annual event, "A(ugusta) Baker's Dozen: A Celebration of Stories" in honor of Augusta Braxton Baker, a pioneering children's librarian originally with the New York Public Library.
Over the decades the library added branches, and by 1989 had outgrown its 32,000 sq ft (3,000 m$^2$) main branch. On February 14 of that year, that voters of Richland County approved a $27 million bond referendum. Exactly four years later the new Main Library opened at 1431 Assembly Street. The project had been shepherded by C. David Warren, library director since 1979. The remainder of the bond proceeds were used for other improvements, including the addition of seven new branch buildings. In 2001, the Library Journal and the Gale Group named Richland County Public Library the National Library of the Year.

## Main Library

Costing $11.6 million, the four story, 242,000 square feet (22,500 m$^2$) Main Library, designed by architect Eugene Aubry, was the chief reason for the bond issue. Aside from the striking exterior, the Children's Room, which is located in the building's basement, has a mural of characters from Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are. This is the only place in the world where Sendak approved such use of his work.
# Strand Station

Strand Station (Norwegian: Strand holdeplass) was a railway station situated at Strand in Bærum, Norway, on the Drammen Line. The station, located 8.78 kilometers (5.46 mi) from Oslo West Station, was served by Oslo Commuter Rail trains of the Norwegian State Railways. Ramstad opened on 1 November 1931 with two simple side platforms. Ticket sales remained until 1964. The station was one of several closed on 3 July 1973 as part of a service upgrade to speed up local trains on the Drammen Line.

## History

The neighborhood of Strand did not receive a station on the Drammen Line when it opened on 7 October 1872. However, from 1874 it was served by Høvik Station and from 1884 Stabekk Station. From the 1930s a series of bus routes were established from the area and to attract people to take the train, NSB introduced three new stations on the Drammen Line between Sandvika and Lysaker, all which opened on 1 November 1931. In addition to Strand, this consisted of Ramstad Station and Myra Station. From 1932 to 26 January 1964 the station had a private ticket sales office.
With the opening of the Lieråsen Tunnel, a new route scheme was introduced on the Drammen Line. New and faster Class 69 trains were put into service. To take advantage of this NSB also chose to close three of the stations on the line between Sandvika and Lysaker: Ramstad, Strand and Myra. This allowed the local train from Sandvika to Oslo to reduce travel time by ten minutes. The station was only located 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) from Høvik and 780 meters (2,560 ft) from Blommenholm. Trains no longer stopped at Strand from 3 July 1973, although the station was not officially closed until August 1978.

## Facilities

Strand Station was situated 8.74 kilometers (5.43 mi) from Oslo West Station, equivalent to 9.77 kilometers (6.07 mi) from Oslo Central Station. It was located at an elevation of 19 meters (62 ft) above mean sea level in the residential neighborhood of Strand. The station featured two side platforms along a section of double track and electrified line. The station was served every thirty minutes by the Oslo Commuter Rail service between Sandvika and Oslo West Station.