# A & R Recording

A & R Recording Inc. was a major American independent studio recording company founded in 1958 by Jack Arnold and Phil Ramone.

## History

Before founding A & R Recording in 1958, Arnold and Ramone had been working at JAC Recording, Inc.; Arnold had been a partner at JAC. The "A" and "R" initials were derived from their surnames. But also, Arnold and Ramone relished the idea that their initials and company name matched the industry acronym for "artist and repertoire," an important avocation in the recording industry.
Jack Arnold ended his association with A & R Recording shortly after co-founding it, due to health issues.

### Original A & R studio – 112 West 48th Street

The original studio was in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on the fourth floor of Mogull's Film & TV building at 112 West 48th Street. The studio was named "Studio A1." Manny's—a music instrument retailer—was one-half of the first three floors; Mogull's Film & TV was the other half. Jim and Andy's Bar, an important hangout for studio musicians was next door at 116 West 48th Street. Ramone installed an intercom from the studio to Jim & Andy's to call for musicians if someone did not show-up.
In the first studio, Ramone gained a reputation as a good sound engineer and music producer, in particular for his use of innovative technology. According to David Simons, author, the original studio at 112 West 48th St., which was started on a shoestring budget, remains Ramone's greatest legacy.
The studio was designed for the purpose of doing demos. According to Ramone, the room, 11.5 metres (38 ft) by 12 metres (39 ft), had an incredibly unique sound. He attributed much of it to the height of 3.6 metres (12 ft) and before long clients were requesting to do their final tapes there and in no uncertain terms letting it be known that this was no mere demo studio. In a short period of time, Ramone felt the need to upgrade the equipment.

### Second studio, Studios A-1 and A-2 – 799 7th Avenue

In October 1967, A & R purchased Columbia's Studio A on the seventh floor at 799 7th Avenue at 52nd Street and leased the space, which consisted of about 10,000 square feet (929.0304 m$^2$) Columbia had owned the studio since 1939. The building was demolished in 1983 to make way for Equitable Center West at 787 7th Avenue, currently the BNP Paribas Building. Toronto-born Donald C. Hahn (né Donald Clarence Hahn; 1939–2020), who had been with A & R since 1961, was – effective October 1, 1969 – promoted from Senior Engineer to Vice President of A & R Recording, in charge of supervising the 799 7th Avenue facilities.
    Capacities, as published in 1974:
    Studio A-1: 40 × 50 feet; height 30 feet – 1,600 square feet (148.6449 m$^2$) – accommodated 90 people
    Studio A-2: 25 × 30 feet; height 12 feet – 750 square feet (69.6773 m$^2$) – accommodated 20 people

### Third studio, Studios R-1 and R-2 – 322 West 48th Street

A & R added a third studio in the Leeds Music Corporation building at 322 West 48th Street. A & R became part owner of the building, a 6-story building, and designed recording studios on the first and second floors, named R1 and R2, respectively. The "R" stood for "Ramone." A & R also occupied the basement. 322 West 48th Street is currently the home of American Federation of Musicians Local 802, the New York City musicians' union and the Jazz Foundation of America.
    Capacities, as published in 1974:
    Studio R-1: 38 × 28 feet; height 13-3/4 feet – 1,064 square feet (98.8488 m$^2$) – accommodated 26 people
    Studio R-2: 20 × 25 feet; height 13 feet – 500 square feet (46.4515 m$^2$) – accommodated 12 people

### Launch of A & R Records

In February 1970, A & R Recording launched A & R Records, a company that produced albums of artists that included Paul Simon, Burt Bacharach, Billy Joel, Dionne Warwick, Karen Kamon, Engelbert Humperdinck, George Barnes, Gloria Estefan, Bucky Pizzarelli, Barry Manilow, Laura Branigan, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Tito Puente, Petula Clark, k.d. lang and many more.

### Satellite studios

In 1970, A & R Recording formalized two partnerships to build two satellite studios, one with Brooks Arthur (né Arnold Brodsky; born 1936) in Blauvelt, New York, and one with Norman (Norm) Fuller Vincent (1930–2014) in Jacksonville, Florida.

#### 914 Sound Studios

The partnership with Arthur was named "914 SRS" and was located at 34 NY Route 303 in Blauvelt. "SRS stood for "Sound Recording Studios." The legal structure of the partnership was in the form of a New York corporation operating as a wholly owned subsidiary of A & R Recording Inc. The entity name was "914 Sound Recording Studios, Inc." The studio, a converted gas station, opened October 1970. Arthur owned one-half; Ramone, Don Frey, and Arthur Downs Ward (1922–2002) owned the other half. They sold it in 1978 and the corporation—914 Sound Recording Studios, Inc.—dissolved in 1982.

#### Vincent SRS

The partnership with Norman Vincent, et al. was named "Vincent SRS" and was located in Jacksonville, Florida, and opened November 1970. Vincent was the operator.

### Closing

A & R Recording closed in 1989.

## Selected artists

Artists produced by Ramone include
* Clay Aiken
* Burt Bacharach
* The Band
* Bono
* Laura Branigan
* Ray Charles
* Karen Carpenter
* Chicago
* Peter Cincotti
* Natalie Cole
* Chick Corea
* Bob Dylan
* Sheena Easton
* Melissa Errico
* Gloria Estefan
* Aretha Franklin
* Fulcrum
* Lazarus
* Elton John
* Quincy Jones
* Patricia Kaas
* B.B. King
* Julian Lennon
* Shelby Lynne
* Madonna
* Barry Manilow
* Richard Marx
* Paul McCartney
* George Michael
* Liza Minnelli
* Anne Murray
* Olivia Newton-John
* Sinéad O'Connor
* Fito Páez
* Luciano Pavarotti
* Peter, Paul, and Mary
* June Pointer
* André Previn
* Diane Schuur
* Michael Sembello
* Carly Simon
* Paul Simon
* Frank Sinatra
* Rod Stewart
* James Taylor
* The Guess Who
* Frankie Valli
* Dionne Warwick
* Stevie Wonder
* Nikki Yanofsky

## Neighborhood

In a 10-block area of midtown Manhattan during the disco era, there was Media Recording, Hit Factory, Sony, and A&R Recording had two buildings. And last but certainly not least, Record Plant Recording studios @ 321 W. 44th Street, with four studios, duplication room, two mobile recording trucks, and the master cutting room, and the Record Plant Shop.
* A & R Recording Inc. 112 West 48th Street Opened by Jack Arnold and Phil Ramone 1959. Corner of 6th Avenue, next door to Jim & Andy's Bar (116 West 48th Street) and Manny's Music (156 West 48th Street), both famous musicians hangouts. Used regularly by Tom Dowd for Atlantic sessions and producer Creed Taylor for Verve. Van Morrison recorded "Brown Eyed Girl" there.
* A & R Studio 2 (formerly Columbia Studio A) 799 7th Avenue Opened by Jack Arnold and Phil Ramone early 1968
* Associated Sound (now Quad Recording Studios) 723 7th Avenue Near corner of West 48th Street, a few doors down from Dick Charles. The Angels' "My Boyfriend's Back," the Raindrops' "What A Guy" and The McCoys' "Hang On Sloopy" were cut there
* Bell Sound (later The Hit Factory) 237 West 54th Street Founded June 1950 by Allen Weintraub and Daniel Cronin (1929–1968), both classmates from Brooklyn Technical High School; studio was located at 135 West 54 beginning June 1959; Burt Bacharach's favorite studio. Bought by Jerry Ragovoy 1968 and reopened as The Hit Factory; sold 1975 to partner Eddie Germano (né Edward F. Germano; 1941–2003); now run by Troy George Germano (born 1962), his son
* Capitol Studios, Studio A (Capitol Records, Inc.) (the studio operated under Capitol from 1949 to 1961) 151 West 46th Street First floor (one floor up) in the 14-story Eaves Building (built in 1928). The Eaves Costume Company – founded by Albert Grammer Eaves (1847–1900) in 1863 (161 years ago), and still in existence – occupied the ground floor.
* Century Sound 135 West 52nd Street One flight up. Former radio studio. Opened by Brooks Arthur in 1967
* Columbia 30th Street 207 East 30th Street Converted Armenian church. Opened 1949, closed mid-1982, torn-down, now an apartment building
* Columbia Studio A (later A & R Studio R2) 799 7th Avenue Opened in the 1930s. Columbia's main facility prior to East 30th Street. Sold to A & R late 1967
* Columbia Studio B 49 East 52nd Street Former site of CBS Radio Network building, near Madison Avenue. Opened late 1967
* Dick Charles 729 7th Avenue Small demo studio, near corner of West 48th Street, a few doors up from Associated. Many of S'pop's favored songwriters recorded demos there
* Mira Sound 145-155 West 47th Street On the ground floor of the Hotel America, now a Euro-style hotel. Recorded there: "Remember (Walking in the Sand)" by The Shangri-Las and "Society's Child" by Janis Ian
* Power Station (known as Avatar Studios from 1996–2017). 441 West 53rd Street Near 10th Avenue. Founded 1977 by Tony Bongiovi. Previously home to ConEdison (hence Power Station)
* RCA Victor 155 East 24th Street Near Lexington Avenue
* RCA Webster Hall 125 11th Street In the East Village. Built late 1800s. Converted by RCA early 1950s. Now a nightclub
* The Record Plant (later Streetlight) 321 West 44th Street Once home to Warner Brothers Pictures; opened by Gary Kellgren and Chris Stone in 1968
* Stea-Philips 7th Avenue Corner 51st Street, close to Columbia Studio A and 1650 Broadway. Owner: Lenny Stea (né Leonard J. Stea; born 1928). The Four Seasons cut "Sherry" there
* Talentmasters Recording Studio 126 West 42nd Street Owners: Bob Gallo and Robert (Bob) Harvey. Later bought out by Atlantic The Who recorded there
* World United 1595 Broadway Owner: Harry Lookofsky, aka Hash Brown, father of Michael Brown of The Left Banke, who recorded "Walk Away Renée" there
* JAC Recording, Inc. 152 West 58th Street Owner: Charles Leighton This is where Phil Ramone got his start
* Allegro Sound Studios 1650 Broadway Owner (original): Kama Sutra Records This was actually on the 51st Street side of the 1650 Broadway building, located in the basement, around the corner from the famous jazz club Birdland. Originally a demo studio for Kama Sutra, it was then purchased by Laurie Records, who gave it an extensive upgrade under chief engineer Bruce Staple. After several changes in ownership, it became known as Generation Sound Studios in the 1970s. Many of the Tommy James hits were recorded there, including I Think We're Alone Now and Crimson And Clover. After the departure of Bruce Staple, Tony May of A&R became chief engineer.

## Personnel

In 1972, management of A & R included Robert Gerics (general manager & studio manager), Nick Diminno (studio manager), and Irving Joel (chief engineer). The studio was located at 322 West 48th Street.
Management and shareholders
A & R Recording Inc.
* Art Ward (1922–2002), president of the parent company.
* Phil Ramone, vice president & creative director.
* John Gordy, around 1970, became president of Visual Sounds, Inc. (VSI), A & R's video subsidiary. Gordy – on July 1, 1972, in Blue Hill, Maine, married, his second of three, Jean Becton DeMeritt, a 1965 graduate of Vassar College and granddaughter of Maxwell Becton, co-founder of Becton Dickinson, a multinational medical device manufacturer. Gordy's father, Papa John Gordy (né John Thomas Gordy; 1904–1961), a dixieland jazz musician, was for more than 25 years, musical director of The Noon Show on station WSM, the NBC Radio Network affiliate in Nashville.
* Don Frey (né Donald Elias Frey; born 1927) had been a senior sound mixer at NBC TV in the late 1950s. He became vice president of operations at A & R Recording and ended-up being a partner at A & R for 25 years. He personally engineered sessions for Ray Charles, Nina Simone, Ike and Tina Turner, and many others. During the 1960s, Frey engineered some of the biggest commercials of the decade at A & R, including one of the Yankees theme and ads for Marlboro and Pepsi. Frey's recording sessions involved 40 and 50 people in the room. Frey, in 1988, was instrumental in rebuilding BMG's Studio A in New York. According to a 1978 trade magazine article by studio engineer Malcolm Addey, Frey, while a mixer at NBC TV, had been moonlighting at A & R and did a lot of the installation work. His work there became more than he could handle on a part-time basis and he accepted an invitation to work full-time. Don was eventually invited to invest and became vice president in charge of operations.
* Brooks Arthur Productions, Inc., founded in 1999 as a California corporation, is active and based in Encino, California, and is headed by Arthur.
A & R Records (subsidiary)
* Ed Barsky (né Edward Sydney Barsky; 1924–1993), president of A & R Records, based in Los Angeles (founded 1970)
* Irving "Bud" Dain, vice president of A&R and promotion
* Harriet Margulies (1926–1921), public relations (worked from New York)
Engineers
* Brooks Arthur, engineer
* Roy Cicala, engineer
* Ami Hadani
* Charlie "Chaz" Clifton, engineer
* David Greene, engineer, producer
* Roy Halley, engineer
* Tom Hidley
* Irving Joel (né Irving Lewis Joel; 1931–2015), chief engineer, 1968–1974
* Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer
* Tony May, engineer
* Elliot Scheiner, engineer, worked 7 years at A & R
* Bill Schwartau (né William H. Schwartau; 1926–1985) appointed Chief Engineer at A & R Recording, December 1958
* Norman Schwartz (1928–1995), studio technician & sound consultant
* David Smith (né David Michael Smith; 1949–2006), chief engineer. Ramone, in his 2007 book, Making Records, included a dedication following the title page, "In Memory of David Smith, 1951–2006."
* Fred Weinberg, engineer, producer
* William Earl Windsor (1927–2017), chief engineer, 1966–1968
* Shelly Yakus, engineer
Studio managers
* Nick Diminno, studio manager
* Robert Gerics, general manager & studio manager
* Mitch Plotkin, studio manager