# Chang An-lo

Chang An-lo (Chinese: 張安樂; pinyin: Zhāng Ānlè; born 13 March 1948), also known as the White Wolf (白狼; Bái Láng), is a Taiwanese Chinese ultranationalist, organized crime figure, entrepreneur, and politician. He is supportive of Chinese unification and founded the Chinese Unification Promotion Party.

## Early life and education

Chang was born on 13 March 1948 in Nanjing. His family fled with the Kuomintang government during the retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan. In 1959, Chang's family settled in Taipei.
Chang graduated from Tamkang University with a bachelor's degree in history, then remained at the university for graduate studies. In 1979, he traveled to California in the United States and studied management information systems and accounting at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He later recalled that "at that time, I wanted to learn something practical, maybe get a PhD and then go to the Chinese mainland". He then remained in the U.S. to study for a master's degree in operations research at Stanford University, where he earned a degree.

## Organized crime career

In 1985, Chang was convicted and incarcerated in the United States for ten years for drug smuggling, kidnapping, and extortion. While in custody, he cooperated with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and provided tapes that revealed how Taiwanese military intelligence directed the Bamboo Union to use violence against dissidents of the Kuomintang during martial law in Taiwan. He remained in prison for 10 years. While still in prison, he earned two more bachelor's degrees, one in psychology and one in sociology, from Saint Mary's College of California.
A former leader of the Bamboo Union crime brotherhood, Chang fled Taiwan in 1996 after being placed on the wanted list by authorities in Taipei for involvement in organized crime, leading him to live in exile in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Chang is credited with giving the Bamboo Union a political mission and a romantic character which has made it more appealing to gain members from rival criminal gangs.
During his time in China, the Chinese Unity Promotion Party was founded in 2004. He then started a Taiwan-based branch of the party in 2005. He returned to Taiwan in June 2013 and was arrested by Taiwanese police on arrival at Songshan Airport and released on bail. President Ma Ying-jeou received criticism for his lax treatment of Chang.

## Political activity

Upon his return to Taiwan, Chang opened a campaign headquarters affiliated with the "Chinese Unification Promotion Party" in downtown Tainan in order to prepare for elections in 2016.
Following a police raid of one of the party's headquarters in November 2013, police stated their concerns about the political party's links to organized crime to the press. Police alleged that the political party was being used as a front for membership in the Bamboo Union gang in New Taipei City; police also allege that illegal firearms had been trafficked and used in racketeering and turf war by the Yeh Shih branch (named after historical figure Ye Shi).
In 2013, his party claims that it has a membership of 20,000 persons, and 75 branch-offices (or headquarters).
A supporter of the Ryukyu independence movement, in 2015, Chang went on a sightseeing trip to Okinawa and was received by the Kyokuryū-kai. Chang said that "the relationship between the Ryukyu and China is historically intertwined, and it is my duty as a Chinese to make Ryukyu free from Japan".
In one notable protest in February 2019, Chang tripped and stumbled into his own prop coffin that he had brought to symbolize Taiwanese fatalities that would result from resistance to invasion from the PRC. In August 2019, Chang was arrested by Taiwanese police and prosecutors charged him and five party workers with taking illicit political donations, embezzlement, and tax evasion.