OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alea iacta est

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Crossing the Rubicon :
vte :
Alea iacta est ("The die is cast") is a variation of a Latin phrase (iacta alea est) attributed by Suetonius to Julius Caesar on 10 January 49 BC, as he led his army across the Rubicon river in Northern Italy, in defiance of the Roman Senate and beginning a long civil war against Pompey and the Optimates. The phrase is often used to indicate events that have passed a point of no return.
The phrase was a quote from a play by Menander, and according to Plutarch, Caesar originally said the line in Greek rather than Latin. The Latin version is now most commonly cited with the word order changed (Alea iacta est), and it is used both in this form, and in translation in many languages. The same event inspired another related idiom, "crossing the Rubicon".

## Meaning and forms

Caesar probably borrowed the phrase from Menander, the famous Greek writer of comedies, as the phrase appeared in Menander's lost play Arrephoros ('The Bearer of Ritual Objects'), and Caesar was known to have considered him a great playwright. Plutarch reports that Caesar quoted these words in Greek:
   Ἑλληνιστὶ πρὸς τοὺς παρόντας ἐκβοήσας, «Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος», [anerrhī́phthō kýbos] διεβίβαζε τὸν στρατόν. He [Caesar] declared in Greek with loud voice to those who were present "Let a die be cast" and led the army across.
Appian, also writing in Greek, reports a very similar phrase:
   καὶ εἰπὼν οἷά τις ἔνθους ἐπέρα σὺν ὁρμῇ, τὸ κοινὸν τόδε ἐπειπών· «Ὁ κύβος ἀνερρίφθω». Then speaking like a man inspired, he surged across, uttering the familiar phrase, "Let the die be cast".
Suetonius, a contemporary of Plutarch and Appian, writing in Latin, has the quote in Latin instead of Greek:
   Caesar: "... iacta alea est", inquit. Caesar said, "The die has been cast".
In Latin alea refers to a game with dice and, more generally, a game of hazard or chance. Dice were common in Roman times and were usually cast three at a time. There were two kinds. The six-sided dice were known in Latin as tesserae and the four-sided ones (rounded at each end) were known as tali. In Greek a die was κύβος kybos.
# Arcadi Volodos

Arcadi Arcadievich Volodos (born 24 February 1972) is a Russian-born French pianist. One of the world's most acclaimed pianists, he has won such awards as the Echo Klassik, Gramophone Award, Diapason d'Or, and Edison Award for his discography.

## Biography

Born in Leningrad in 1972, he began his musical training studying voice, following the example of his parents, who were singers, and later shifted his emphasis to conducting while a student at the Glinka Chapel School and the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. Though he had played the piano from the age of eight, he did not devote himself to serious study of the instrument until 1987. His formal piano training took place at the Moscow Conservatory Music College with Galina Eguiazarova. Volodos also studied at the Paris Conservatory with Jacques Rouvier. In Madrid, he studied at the Reina Sofía School of Music with Dmitri Bashkirov and Galina Eguiazarova. He is of French nationality and resides in Spain with his wife and daughter.
Despite the relative brevity of his formal studies, Volodos has rapidly moved into the elite pantheon of the world's most distinguished pianists. Thomas Frost, the producer of many of Vladimir Horowitz's recordings, and producer of Volodos' recordings for Sony Classical, has said that Volodos "has everything: imagination, colour, passion and a phenomenal technique to carry out his ideas."
Volodos received the German award Echo Klassik as the best instrumentalist of 2003; he received the Gramophone Award for best instrumental recording in 1999 for Arcadi Volodos Live at Carnegie Hall, in 2010 for Volodos in Vienna, in 2014 for Volodos plays Mompou, and in 2018 for Volodos plays Brahms. He additionally received two Grammy Award nominations: one for his 1996 recording of piano transcriptions and another for his 1999 live recording of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and James Levine.

## Recordings

* Volodos: Piano Transcriptions (1997), Sony Classical
* Volodos, Live at Carnegie Hall (Recorded October 21, 1998, released 1999), Sony Classical
* Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3 / Solo Piano Works (2000), Sony Classical
* Schubert: Solo Piano Works (2002), Sony Classical
* Tchaikovsky: Piano Concerto No. 1 / Rachmaninoff: Solo Piano Works (2003), Sony Classical
* Volodos Plays Liszt (2007), Sony Classical
* Volodos in Vienna (2010) Recorded live on March 1, 2009 (works of Scriabin, Ravel, Schumann and Liszt), Sony Classical
* Volodos plays Mompou (2013) Recorded October & December 2012, Sony Classical
* Volodos plays Brahms (2017), Sony Classical
* Volodos: Schubert Piano Sonata D.959 & Minuets D. 334, D. 335, D. 600 (2019), Sony Classical
# City of Bangor

City of Bangor may refer to:
* City of Bangor (ship), a Great Lakes shipwreck
* City of Bangor, a US airline with the ICAO code XBG; see Airline codes-C
* Bangor, Maine, United States, a city
* Bangor, Michigan, United States, a city
# John Olney

John Olney (1932 – April 14, 2015) was a medical doctor and a professor of psychiatry, pathology, and immunology at the Washington University School of Medicine. He is known for his work on brain damage. He coined the term excitotoxicity in his 1969 paper published in Science. Olney's lesions are named after him.
In 1996 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He had campaigned for greater regulation of monosodium glutamate (MSG), aspartame and other excitotoxins for over twenty years. He died at his residence on April 14, 2015 at the age of 83.
# Lyfe Change

Professional ratings :
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| Allmusic | |
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| Okayplayer | (85/100) |
Lyfe Change is the third studio album by Lyfe Jennings, released on April 29, 2008.
   "The album is called Lyfe Change because I'm changing it up a bit," explains Lyfe. "In the past I didn't work with different producers, I produced and wrote most of my albums by myself. But on this project I actually worked with different producers and a few writers."
The first single off the album is called "Cops Up". It peaked at number 68 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The song was originally written for R&B duo, Luke & Q.
The second single is called "Never Never Land". It peaked at number 21 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
The third single has been released and is called "Will I Ever".
Lyfe Change debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling about 80,000 copies in its opening week.
In the limited edition of the CD came with a DVD featuring a Live Performance in an Ohio Prison and the "Cops Up" music video. The DVD is edited in both versions.

## Track listing

* "Change the Game" (Intro) (featuring Walter Butch) - 1:33
* "Keep On Dreaming" - 3:40
* "Warriors" - 3:10
* "Never Never Land" - 3:58
* "Brand New" (featuring T.I.) - 3:10
* "It's Real" - 3:10
* "Cops Up" - 3:33
* "You Think You Got It Bad" (featuring Wyclef Jean) - 4:18
* "Wild, Wild, Wild" - 3:23
* "Midnight Train" - 3:18
* "Hmmm" - 3:41
* "Old School" (featuring Snoop Dogg) - 4:13
* "Us" (Interlude) - 1:17
* "Will I Ever" - 4:51
* "Baby I'm a Star" - 4:19
* Lil Wayne appeared on the original version of "Brand New" but was later re-recorded and Lyfe Jennings replaced him with T.I. for the album version. The original still exists and can be heard on YouTube.

## Personnel

* A&R – Chad Elliott, Lyfe Jennings
* Art Direction – SLANG Inc.
* Coordinator [A&R Operations] – Juli Knapp
* Engineer [Assistant] – Elvis Aponte (tracks: 8), Mike Tschupp (tracks: 4, 14), Travis Stefl (tracks: 16, 17), Wilner Alexander (tracks: 8)
* Executive-Producer – Joy Bounds, Chester "Lyfe" Jennings
* Mastered By – Dave Kutch (tracks: 1 to 17), Mitsuyasu Abe (tracks: 18)
* Management – Joy Bounds, Know Joy Entertainment, LLC, Mathew Knowles, Music World Entertainment, Inc.
* Mixed By – Mitsuyasu Kaneko (tracks: 18), Rich Keller (tracks: 1 to 17)
* Mixed By [Assistant] – Travis Stefl (tracks: 1 to 8, 10, 12, 13, 15)
* Photography By – Roger Erickson
* Recorded By – Aaron Renner (tracks: 11), "Super" Dave Clauss (tracks: 9), Lyfe Jennings (tracks: 1, 12, 15), Mike Cardenas (tracks: 12), Mike Tschupp (tracks: 7), Mitsuyasu Kaneko (tracks: 18), Rich Keller (tracks: 3 to 6, 8 to 10, 13, 14, 16, 17), Riley Mackin (tracks: 11), Wyatt Oates (tracks: 2)
* Recorded By [Assistant] – Mike Tschupp (tracks: 3, 5, 6, 10, 13), Ryan Hobbs (tracks: 2)
Production
* Lyfe Jennings - Tracks 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,14,15
* The Underdogs - Tracks 7,10,11
* Steven Russell - Tracks 10,11
* Wyclef Jean - Tracks 8,9
* Jerry Wonda Duplessis - Track 8
* Logic - Track 9
* Luke & Q - Track 7
# Daughters of the Cincinnati

The Daughters of the Cincinnati is a historical, hereditary lineage organization founded in 1894 by women whose ancestors were officers in George Washington’s army and navy during the American Revolutionary War. Headquartered in New York City, the organization's activities are designed to expand and perpetuate the knowledge of the founding of the nation. In addition, the Daughters of the Cincinnati honor the contributions of their officer ancestors by giving college scholarships to the daughters of today's career military officers. Daughters of the Cincinnati is an approved lineage society, listed within the Hereditary Society Community of the United States of America.

## History

The Daughters of the Cincinnati was incorporated in New York State on December 27, 1894, more than a century after the founding of the Society of the Cincinnati, which does not allow female participants. They adopted the name "Cincinnati" without getting the approval of the Society of the Cincinnati, which is named after the ancient Roman hero Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus.

### Membership and organization

Membership was originally limited to women who were descended from a member of the Society of the Cincinnati or of an officer in the Continental Army or Navy who died while in service. There were 200 members as of 1923 and the secretary's address was 271 Madison Ave #1408, New York 10016.
The society has headquarters in New York and its members reside throughout the United States and in many foreign countries. All members of the Daughters of the Cincinnati are descendants of officers who were entitled to original membership in the Society of the Cincinnati founded in 1783.

### Scholarships

For over a hundred years the Daughters of the Cincinnati have raised funds to help hundreds of young women to pay their college tuition. Scholarships are awarded to daughters of career military officers in the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard. Selection is based on both excellence and need. The Daughters of the Cincinnati is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.

## Activities

Historical lectures, trips, and projects have been presented by the Daughters of the Cincinnati to the membership since 1894. Daughters of the Cincinnati join in patriotic celebrations and historical programs with many other patriotic and heritage societies. In the 1970s, the Daughters of the Cincinnati collected original correspondence and portraits of their ancestor officers. These primary sources formed the core of a book, A Salute to Courage: The American Revolution as Seen Through Wartime Writings of Officers of the Continental Army and Navy from Documents Provided by The Daughters of the Cincinnati, edited by Dennis P. Ryan and published by Columbia University Press in 1979. One newspaper review commented "the book bridges two centuries with the words of those who were there and brings alive in modern eyes the hardships, horror, and patriotism of the Revolution."
# C. Winkler Bakery

C. Winkler Bakery is a bakery on South Main Street in Old Salem, North Carolina. Now the oldest continually operating bakery in the state, it was established in 1799 by the Moravian Church. It is named for Christian Winkler, a Swiss-born baker who began working there in 1807, after replacing original baker Thomas Butner Jr. The building, which now has a landmark designation, was constructed by Salem's master builder and mason Johann Gottlob Krause, shortly before his death. Its first story is built of uncut stone; the upper levels, of hand-made brick.
Winkler and his third wife, Elizabeth, lived in the building with their six children. Their descendants subsequently lived in the property, including Winkler's grandson, Charles, and his wife, Alice, who ran the bakery in the late 19th century. They added a front porch and second-floor balcony. Bessie and Robert Spaugh, Alice's daughter and son-in-law, took over in 1913. They operated it until 1926, when it was sold outwith the family.
During the 1930s and 1940s, the property was a tea room and a coffee house, while the upper floors became apartments. After World War II, the first floor was an antiques store, then a knitting store and a sewing shop.
The bakery, which was restored to its original appearance in 1968, has been owned since 1963 by Old Salem Museum and Gardens. The workers arrive before dawn each day to start up the oven, which is fueled by wood, as it was originally. By around 7.30 am, the fire has normally faded, with the oven's bricks fully heated. The oven temperature at that point is around 700 °F (371 °C), but has to be left to cool to around 400 °F (204 °C).
Winkler Book and Gift Store opened on the second floor of the building in April 2023.
A commercial kitchen was established off-site to accommodate the volume of the bakery's sales. Moravian sugar cake is the bakery's most popular item.

## Personnel

Terry Ramsbotham is the bakery manager. Bobby James was the head baker in the early 21st century, assisted by Jeffrey Sherrill.
# Chris Raymond

Harold "Chris" Raymond is a former American football player and coach. He was a placekicker for Newark High School and the University of Virginia. He then served as an assistant for Trinity, Tufts, Delaware, and Maine. From 1983 to 1985 he was the head football coach at Colby College in Waterville, Maine, where he compiled a record of 5–19. After leaving Colby, Raymond worked for J.P. Morgan & Co. In 1995 he was head coach of the Delaware Diamondbacks of the Atlantic Football League. He is the son of longtime Delaware Blue Hens football coach Harold "Tubby" Raymond.
# St Helena's Church, Willoughby

St Helena's Church, sometimes known as St Helen's Church, is an Anglican church in the village of Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England. It is grade I listed, and dates in part from the 14th century.
Windows in the church commemorate John Smith, one of the founders of Jamestown in Virginia, United States, who was christened here. Nicholas Antram, in his revised Lincolnshire volume in the Pevsner Buildings of England series, notes the building's scale and its "early" Perpendicular Gothic style.
There are two graves in the churchyard in the care of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
St Helena's is an active place of worship, within "The Alford Group of Churches".
# Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College (NSCB Medical College) is the third oldest medical college in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It was founded in 1955 as Government Medical College, Jabalpur. Admission is through a pre-medical entrance exam and the current class size is 250 students per year. It has a full service medical hospital on campus which is the main teaching hospital. It is also accredited for Post graduate and subspeciality medical education.
It is named after Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, the most prominent leader of the Indian independence movement. The Dean of NSCB Medical College is Dr.Navneet Saxena.
NSCB Medical is located in the Garha region of Jabalpur, and is surrounded by hills.

## Notable alumni

* Yogesh Kumar Chawla – Padma Shri awardee, former Director of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research.
* Pradeep Chowbey – Padma Shri awardee, Chairman of Max Healthcare.
* Narmada Prasad Gupta – Padma Shri awardee, Chairman of Academics and Research Division Urology at Medanta.
* Pukhraj Bafna – Padma Shri awardee.
* Shashi Wadhwa – former Dean of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
# News18 Lokmat

News18 Lokmat is a 24-hour Marathi-language news channel based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is a joint venture between Network18 Group and Lokmat Group the publisher of the newspaper Lokmat.
The channel was launched as IBN Lokmat on 6 April 2008, the day of the Hindu New Year festival Gudi Padwa. It was branded as News 18 Lokmat from 6 November 2017.

## Journalist

* Manoj Khandekar
* Ashutosh Patil
* Vilas Bade
* Hrishikesh Suryawanshi
* Tushar Rupnavar
* Udya Jadhav
* Kiran Khutale
* Prajakta Tandel
* Nimisha Dharurkar
* Yamini Mahamunkar
# Nicholas Rodrigues

Nicholas Rodrigues (born 9 September 1982) is an Indian footballer who currently plays for Mumbai F.C. in the I-League. He most notably won the NFL Player of the Year award in 2005–06.
# Tamenaga Shunsui

Tamenaga Shunsui (為永 春水, 1790 – 11 February 1844) was the pen name of Sasaki Sadataka (佐々木貞高), a Japanese novelist of the Edo period.

## Works

In Japan, he is best known for the romantic novel Shunshoku Umegoyomi (春色梅児誉美, Colors of Spring: The Plum Calendar) (1832–1833), the representative text in the ninjōbon genre. He followed up to this with sequels and his son, who called himself Shunsui Tamenaga Junior, continued the series. In Japan, he is considered a major writer of the Edo period, remembered for disobeying the Tenpō Reforms. He also wrote a version of the Chūshingura called "Iroha Bunko".
In Western literature, he is probably better known for his humorous story Longevity, which was translated by Yei Theodora Ozaki for her book Japanese Fairy Tales in 1903, and since then has been reprinted in some children's Asian fairy tale collections.
# Tanikawa Kotosuga

Tanikawa Kotosuga (谷川 士清, April 5, 1709 – November 20, 1776) was a Japanese kokugaku scholar and author in mid-Edo period Japan. He also used the epistolary name of “Tansai”.

## Biography

Tanikawa was the eldest son of a physician in Ano District, Ise Province (now part of the city of Tsu, Mie). He went to Kyoto to study medicine, and became a disciple of Matsuoka Gentatsu (1668-1746), Matsuoka Yūen (1701-83), and Tamaki Masahide (1670-1736), but during his stay in Kyoto became a follower of Suika Shintoism. He also studied the Man'yōshū under Higuchi Munetake, a disciple of kokugaku scholar Imai Jikan (1657-1723) and waka poetry under Prince Arisugawa Yorihito.
After returning to Mie, Tanigawa opened the Tanigawajuku academy to spread his kokugaku and Shintoist philosophies while practicing medicine. He collated the texts of the ancient chronicle Nihon Shoki and published an annotated 35-volume version called the “Nihon shoki tsūshō” in 1751. Motoori Norinaga (1730-1801) was much impressed by this work, and hereafter the two scholars corresponded regularly. Tanigawa is also known for his “Wakun no shiori” the first Japanese dictionary arranged in order of the Japanese syllabary. It was completed in 1775, shortly before his death. It consists of ninety-three volumes and the entire work was not published until 1887.

## Residence

The Tanikawa Kotosuga Former Residence (谷川士清旧宅, Tanikawa Kotosuga kyū-taku) in the Hatchō neighborhood of Tsu survives. It is a simple two-story townhouse with a north-facing stile roof, which was built or renovated in 1775, and dismantled and repaired in 1979. The house is located on the west side of the city of Tsu, along the Iga Kaidō ancient highway that connects Tsu with Iga Ueno. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1967. The building now serves as a museum, with biographical displays and copies of his works. It is located a three-minute walk from the "Tsu Kōkōmae" bus stop on the Mie Kotsu Bus from the Kintetsu Nagoya Line Tsu-shimmachi Station.

## Grave

The Tanikawa Kotosuga grave (谷川士清墓, Tanikawa Kotosuga no haka) was designated a National Historic Site in 1944. It is located at the temple of Fukuzo-ji in the Oshikabe-cho neighborhood of the city of Mie, which was the bodaiji for the Tanikawa family. The tomb is to the left of the Hondō of the temple a is protected by a stone fence with an iron gate. The tombstone consists of two layers of base stones forming a low platform, with a monument measuring 24 x 18 cm with a height of 54 centimeters. The tomb is next to the graves of Tanikawa's father and grandson. The temple is a five-minute walk from the "Tsu Kōkōmae" bus stop on the Mie Kotsu Bus from Tsu-shimmachi Station.
# Lake Sirio

Lake Sirio (Italian: Lago Sirio) is a lake in northern Italy.

## Description

Located between the comunes of Ivrea and Chiaverano, it is the largest of a group of five lakes of glacial origin known as Laghi di Ivrea which also includes Lake Pistono, Lake Nero, Lake Campagna, and Lake San Michele. The lake, which was formerly known as Lake San Giuseppe due to the presence of the nearby convent of the same name, is the only one that is fed by a spring.
The historic Società Canottieri Sirio country club, founded in 1887, is located on the lake's southern shore.

## Nature protection

The lake is part of the Site of Community Importance known as Laghi di Ivrea (code IT1110021), established under Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitats Directive) and designated as a Special Area of Conservation.
# Eider Chase

The Eider Chase is National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain. It is run at Newcastle Racecourse in February, over a distance of about 4 miles and 11⁄2 furlongs (4 miles, 1 furlong and 56 yards, or 6,690 metres) and during the race there are 24 fences to be jumped.
The race was first run in 1952 and is seen as a trial for the Grand National. Comply or Die won both races in 2008, however, the 2004 winner, Tyneandthyneagain, was later fatally injured at Aintree. The 2011 race was run in extremely heavy ground, with only three horses completing the marathon.

## Winners

* 1 2 3 4 5 amateur jockey

## Sponsors

The Tote were long-term sponsors of the Eider Handicap Chase, sponsoring the race until their privatisation and subsequent takeover by Betfred. Betfred sponsored the race from 2012 until 2018 before Vertem began a five-year association with the race in 2019. In 2024 Betting.Bet were confirmed as the new race sponsor and the race is now run as the Betting.Bet Eider Handicap Chase.betting.bet - Betting.bet Confirmed as Eider Chase Day Sponsor