# Gian Domenico Romagnosi

Gian Domenico Romagnosi (Italian pronunciation:; 11 December 1761 – 8 June 1835) was an Italian philosopher, economist and jurist.

## Biography

Gian Domenico Romagnosi was born in Salsomaggiore Terme. He studied law at the University of Parma from 1782 to 1786. In 1791 he became the chief civil magistrate of Trento. In the late 18th and early 19th century Trento was successively under the rule of France, Italy and Austria. In 1799 Romagnosi was arrested in Innsbruck during fifteen months by the Austrians on account of his alleged sympathy with the French, but he was acquitted. In 1801 the French occupied Trento, and he was raised to the position of Secretary of the Higher Council. He was successively professor of law at Parma, Pavia, Pisa and Milan. After the fall of Napoleon he lost his position at the Milan university, but continued to lecture till 1817. In 1818 he was again tried for treason at Venice, and again acquitted. Carlo Cattaneo was his student and he was largely influenced by his thought. He died in Milan in 1835.
His most celebrated work is Introduzione allo studio del diritto pubblico universale (2 vols., Parma, 1805).

## Electromagnetism

Although Romagnosi was not a scientist, he made some experiments with a voltaic pile and its influence on a compass. He published two accounts of his findings in 1802, in Italian newspapers. It is sometimes assumed that he found a relationship between electricity and magnetism, about two decades before Hans Christian Ørsted's 1820 discovery of electromagnetism. However, his experiments did not deal with electric currents, and only showed that an electrostatic charge from a voltaic pile could deflect a magnetic needle. However, as Joseph Hamel has pointed out, Romagnosi's discovery was documented in the book by Joseph Izarn, Manuel du Galvanisme (1805), where a galvanic current (courant galvanique) is explicitly mentioned. It was also mentioned on page 340 of the book by Giovanni Aldini, Essai théorique et expérimental sur le Galvanisme (1804): "Cette nouvelle propriété du galvanisme a été constatée par d'autres observateurs, et dernièrement par M. Romanesi, physicien de Trente, qui a reconnu que le galvanisme faisait décliner l'aiguille aimantée." That is: "This new property of galvanism has been noted by other observers, and lately by M. Romanesi, a physicist in Trente, who recognized that galvanism made the magnetic needle decline." Aldini was also communicating with Ørsted at the time, Hamel notes.

## Works

* Genesi del diritto penale, 1791.
* Che cos'è uguaglianza, 1792.
* Che cos'è libertà, 1793.
* Introduzione allo studio del diritto pubblico universale, 1803.
* Principi fondamentali di diritto amministrativo, 1814.
* Della costituzione di una monarchia nazionale rappresentativa, 1815.
* Dell'insegnamento primitivo delle matematiche, 1823.
* Della condotta delle acque, 1824.
* Che cos'è la mente sana?, 1827.
* Della suprema economia dell'umano sapere in relazione alla mente sana, 1828.
* Suprema economia dell'umano sapere, 1828.
* Della ragion civile delle acque nella rurale economia, 1829 - 1830.
* Vedute fondamentali sull'arte logica, 1832.
* Dell'indole e dei fattori dell'incivilimento con esempio del suo risorgimento in Italia, 1832.
* Collezione degli articoli di economia politica e statistica e civile, 1836 (published posthumously).
* Opere (in Italian). Vol. 1. Milano: Perelli e Mariani. 1841.
** Opere (in Italian). Vol. 2. Milano: Perelli e Mariani. 1842.
* La scienza delle costituzioni, 1849
* I Discorsi Libero-Muratori di Gian Domenico Romagnosi (1761-1835), in: L'Acacia Massonica, 1949, III, n. 8, pp. 220-24 e n. 9-10, pp. 282–86.
* Scritti filosofici, 2 vols., Firenze, Le Monnier, 1960; Milano, Ceschina, 1974.