OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gemencheh

Gemencheh (Negeri Sembilan Malay: Moncheh) is a mukim in Tampin District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The Gemencheh Bridge is famous for being ground for the Battle of Gemas during the Second World War between Japanese and Australian forces. It is also well known for the production of maman, which is a type of edible leaves that takes two to three hours to cook for the leaves to become crispy and the gravy to dry up, resulting in a rich, flavourful traditional leafy maman rendang.

## Gemencheh Bridge during Battle of Malaya

During the Battle of Malaya in the Second World War, Gemencheh Bridge near Gemas was the site of a fierce battle between the Imperial Japanese Army and the 2/30 Battalion, 8 Division, Australian Imperial Force (AIF). Commanding Officer of the Battalion was Lieutenant Colonel Frederick "Black Jack" Galleghan. Gemencheh Bridge was a bridge over the Gemencheh River that connected Gemas with Gemencheh and the larger neighbouring town of Tampin. The Japanese had passed through Tampin and needed to cross the bridge to reach Gemas.
On 14 January 1942, "B" Company of the 2/30th Battalion, launched an ambush against the Japanese in the hope of preventing them from advancing further south. As the advancing Japanese soldiers on bicycles passed by the ambush site, the bridge was blown. The Australians then opened fire on the Japanese column and killed about 700 Japanese soldiers. The battle following the ambush, and a further battle closer to Gemas, lasted two days. It ended with the Australian withdrawal through Gemas to Fort Rose Estate.
Four days later, another encounter between Japanese and Allied soldiers took place near Parit Sulong during the Battle of Malaya. Allied troops, including the Australian 2/19th and 2/29th Battalions, were surrounded and routed there.
A memorial remembering fallen Australians now stands somewhere near the site of the destroyed Gemencheh Bridge in Federal route 1.
# Steve Butler (badminton)

Stephen P. Butler, (born 27 June 1963) is a retired male badminton player and current coach from England.

## Badminton career

Butler represented England and won a gold medal in the team event, at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand. He also participated in the singles and reached the quarter finals where he lost to the eventual winner Rashid Sidek.
He won 74 caps for England between 1982 and 1994. While playing and coaching in the United States in the mid 1990s Butler won men's singles at the U.S. (closed) National Championships in 1996, five years after having won singles at the Open U.S. Championships in 1991.

## Achievements
### IBF World Grand Prix

The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) from 1983 to 2006.
Men's singles
| Year | Tournament | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 1988 | Canadian Open | Sze Yu | 7–15, 15–10, 15–5 | Winner |
| 1991 | U.S. Open | Kim Hyung-jin | 15–6, 18–17 | Winner |

## Coaching

Leaving England in the mid 1990s he coached initially in New York and then in Colorado where he became the United States National coach. In 1997 he became the England national coach for the junior team and then in 2002 became the National men’s singles coach until 2005. He returned to the same role in 2015.
# Measure of damages under English law

Damages for breach of contract is a common law remedy, available as of right. It is designed to compensate the victim for their actual loss as a result of the wrongdoer’s breach rather than to punish the wrongdoer. If no loss has been occasioned by the plaintiff, only nominal damages will be awarded.
A victim will not necessarily recover every loss which flows from the breach by the defendant. In order to recover any damages, the losses suffered by the victim must be caused by the defendant, and not be too remote. Further, the plaintiff has a duty to mitigate his losses.

## Amount of damages

The amount of damages a plaintiff would recover is usually measured on a "loss of bargain" basis, also known as expectation loss. In a commercial context this means the profits which would have been earned after deduction of costs which would have been incurred. Loss of bargain replaces expected value "so far as money can do it", a phrase adopted in the case of Robinson v Harman (1848).

## Duty to mitigate

A plaintiff has a duty to mitigate damages and can not recover losses it could have avoided through reasonable efforts.

## Bases of assessment

There are three bases of assessment:
* Expectation interest/loss of bargain. Expectation damages include:
** Benefit of bargain
** Lost profit
** Cost of cure
* Reliance interest - interest created based on reliance on contract or promise.
* Restitutionary interest
For award of damages for loss under a building contract, "the prima facie rule is cost of cure, which means the cost of remedying the defect.

## Damages exceeding loss: extra-compensatory awards

Extra-compensatory damages in the form of nominal damages are the most venerable type of extra-compensatory damages, long established in our common law jurisprudence. Nominal damages are awarded where a legal wrong has been committed but no consequential loss has been caused. The purpose of the award is vindicatory – to mark the existence of the right in question and to mark the fact of its violation by the wrongdoer.

## Special classes of damages

Other than pecuniary damages, which is the most common type of damages recovered, there are a few other recognizable types of damages under English law, and still others that have their validity subject to ongoing debate:
* Injured feelings and disappointment
* Injured reputation
* Speculative damages
* Liquidated damages and penalty
* Quantum meruit
* Exemplary or punitive damages
* Vindicatory damages
# Eduard von Feuchtersleben

Eduard Freiherr von Feuchtersleben (30 July 1798 – 13 April 1857 ) was a Kraków-born mining engineer and writer.

## Biography

Von Feuchtersleben was born in 1798 (1798). His parents were Josephine (1772–1801) and Ernst von Feuchtersleben (1765–1834), an engineer from Hildburghausen. Eduard's half-brother was Baron Ernst von Feuchtersleben, son of Ernst von Feuchtersleben from his second marriage.
Josephine was the daughter of African-born Austrian Angelo Soliman (1721–1796) whose body was secretly claimed after his death by Austrian Emperor Francis II who had Abbé Eberl remove the skin and stuff it for display as an African "savage" in his cabinet of curiosities.
At least since 1817, Eduard von Feuchtersleben wrote small plays, essays and poetry, which were printed since 1822. Since 1832, he was employed as a mining engineer in salt production in Aussee.
Among Eduard's friends were Franz Grillparzer (1791–1872), Eduard von Bauernfeld (1802–90), Nikolaus Lenau (1802–50), and Johann Ludwig Deinhardstein [de] (1794–1859).
By his extensive enthusiasm for poetry in the romantic spirit, he encouraged his half-brother Ernst von Feuchtersleben to also deal with poetry. Eduard and Ernst von Feuchtersleben were deeply attached to each other, and Ernst dedicated some of his texts to the older half-brother. Ernst also campaigned for a complete edition of Eduard's works, but this project was never brought to fruition.
Eduard von Feuchtersleben never married and had no children. He died in 1857 (1858) in Bad Aussee.
# Riccardo Schöpf

Riccardo Martin Schöpf (born 27 June 2001) is an Austrian luger.

## Career

Schöpf competed at the 2019 Junior World Luge Championships and won a gold medal in the team relay. He then competed at the 2020 FIL Junior European Luge Championships and won a silver medal in the team relay.
During the first race of the 2022–23 Luge World Cup on 3 December 2022, Schöpf and his doubles teammate Juri Gatt won their first Luge World Cup race.
He competed at the 2024 FIL World Luge Championships and won a god medal in the doubles event with a time of 1:22.924. He also won a bronze medal in the sprint event with a time of 27.973.
In January 2025, he competed at the 2025 FIL European Luge Championships, and won a gold medal in the team relay, and a silver medal in the doubles event.
# National Highway 561 (India)

National Highway 561, commonly referred to as NH 561 is a national highway in India. It is a spur road of National Highway 61. NH-561 traverses the state of Maharashtra in India.

## Route

Ahmednagar, Chinchodi-Patil, Kada, Ashti, Jamkhed, Sautadaa, Patoda fhata, Therla, Pitthi, Shirapur, Beed.

## Junctions

    NH 61 Terminal near Ahmednagar.
    NH 548D near Jamkhed.
    NH 52 Terminal near Beed.
# More Questions Than Answers

"More Questions Than Answers" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, The Green Green Grass. It was first screened on 20 October 2006, as the sixth episode of the second series. It was written by Paul Alexander and directed by Dewi Humphreys.

## Synopsis

Llewellyn returns in this episode, challenging Boycie to a pub quiz whereby the loser will have to pay the winner a large sum of money, thanks to Elgin's constant bargaining on behalf of Boycie. The Boyces look set for a huge money loss when their team is nothing but Elgin, Byran and Jed. But when young Tyler turns up and answers all the 2nd-round questions right, Winterdown Farm looks like it is set to have a bright, rich and rewarding future.

## Episode cast

| Actor | Role |
| John Challis | Boycie |
| Sue Holderness | Marlene |
| Jack Doolan | Tyler |
| David Ross | Elgin |
| Ivan Kaye | Bryan |
| Ella Kenion | Mrs Cakeworthy |
| Peter Heppelthwaite | Jed |
| Alan David | Llewellyn |
| Lisa Diveney | Beth |
| Nigel Harrison | Ray |
| Maggie McCarthy | Mrs Hendy |
| Jack Brough Julian Eardley Tracey Kearney | Teachers |
| Sue Freeman Neville Dean Kevin Hoole | Oakham Hokem |
# Senthil Krishna

Senthil Krishna is an Indian actor known for roles in Malayalam films and Television. His most notable performance is in the 2018 biographical film Chalakkudykkaran Changathy, where he played the title character as Kalabhavan Mani.

## Personal life

He married Akhila from Kozhikode on 24 August 2019 at Guruvayoor Sreekrishna Temple.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
* All films are in Malayalam language unless otherwise noted.

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Pulliman | | Uncredited |
| 2018 | Mohanlal | Kanakambaran | Debut |
| 2018 | Chalakkudykkaran Changathy | Rajamani | |
| 2019 | My Great Grandfather | Vijayan | |
| 2019 | Virus | Minister CP | |
| 2019 | Aakasha Ganga 2 | S.I. T.Balaraman | |
| 2021 | Udumbu | Ani | |
| 2021 | Vidhi | | |
| 2022 | Kuttavum Shikshayum | SI Rajeevan | |
| 2022 | Pathonpatham Noottandu | Chirikkandan | |
| 2022 | The Teacher | Master | |
| 2022 | Oh Meri Laila | Prof Pradeep | |
| 2022 | Varaal | Mohsin | |
| 2023 | Thuramukham | Srank | |
| 2023 | Tha Thavalayude Tha | | |
| 2023 | Enthada Saji | Vishnu "Minnal" | |
| 2023 | Oruvattam Koodi | Johny Thomas | |
| 2023 | Pulli | | |
| 2024 | Abraham Ozler | SI Sijo | |
| 2024 | Anchakkallakokkan | Kolliyan | |
| 2024 | Grrr | CI Kamalesh | |
| 2024 | DNA | Sunil | |
| 2024 | Bad Boyz | Alosh | |
| 2025 | Ariku | | |

### TV serials

| Year | Serial | Role | Channel |
| 2008 | Sanmassulavarkku Samadhanam | | Asianet |
| 2011 | Autograph | Purushu | Asianet |
| 2012 | Decent Family | Bengali | Jaihind TV |
| 2012-2016 | Sthreedhanam | Natholi Nelson | Asianet |
| 2014-2017 | Vellanakalude Nadu | Manjulan | Asianet |
# 2-day CPET

A 2-day CPET is a cardiopulmonary exercise test given on two successive days to measure the effect of post-exertional malaise (PEM) on a patient's ability to exercise. PEM is a cardinal symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and is common in long COVID as well.

## Background

Several differences have been found between people with and without ME/CFS, including people with other diseases or who are sedentary. On the first test, people with ME/CFS exhibit lower performance and heart rate, and on the second test, performance is even lower, while for controls, it is the same or slightly better. The largest decrease is in anaerobic threshold, which signifies a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism at a lower level of exertion, and is not influenced by effort. Peak power output, heart rate, and VO$_2$max also decrease, and in ME/CFS, but effort and familiarity with the test may affect VO$_2$max and power. Additionally, healthy people generally recover from a CPET within 24 hours while people with ME/CFS do not.
A 2-day CPET is hypothesized to measure PEM and its effect on physical functioning. (Objective indicators of maximal effort during both tests control for effort.) However, its utility has not been completely confirmed, as many studies of it have been small. While it should not be required for a diagnosis, a 2-day CPET can show that symptoms are not due to deconditioning and provide evidence for obtaining disability benefits. Because PEM is also a symptom of long COVID, the 2-day CPET may be useful in evaluating exercise intolerance there as well.
The cause of decreased performance is not understood. Proposals include impaired oxygen transport, impaired aerobic metabolism, impaired microvascular blood flow, loss of passive microvascular filtration and mitochondrial dysfunction.
The test provokes symptoms by design, and recovery may be prolonged. In some cases, it may worsen the illness long-term.
# Eva M. Reed

Eva M. Reed (1856 – 7 July 1901) was an American botanist.
Reed was educated at the University of Wisconsin, she worked as indexer at the Missouri Botanical Gardens for eight years, from 1894 until her death. In 1901, she had begun to work on plant ecology, in association with the botanical department of the University of Chicago. During her summer holiday she was killed by a train, while walking the tracks near Louisiana, investigating plants in the field.
The Field Museum in Illinois currently holds a specimen, the Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes from the Orchidaceae family, collected by Reed in November 1886.
# Times Supermarkets

Times Supermarkets (full name Times Supermarkets, Ltd.) is an American supermarket chain headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii. Times operates 24 stores throughout the state of Hawaiʻi, 17 using the Times name, five operating under the Big Save brand (all on Kauaʻi), one specialty food/liquor store under the Fujioka's Wine Times name, and one location operating as Shima's Supermarket in Waimānalo.

## History

Times Supermarkets was founded in 1949 by brothers Albert and Wallace Teruya, sons of Okinawan immigrants. The two opened their first store in Honolulu and soon began expanding statewide. Times is the second-largest and second-oldest supermarket chain in the state (Foodland, which is larger, was founded in 1948, a year before Times began operations). It also competes with Safeway, Costco, Don Quijote, Target, and Walmart.
In 2002, Times Supermarkets was sold by the Teruyas to PAQ, a Stockton, California-based operator of Food 4 Less stores. After the Teruyas sold Times, they would later become owners of the Ilima Hotel in Honolulu.
In 2008, Times acquired Shima's Market in Waimānalo.
In 2009 Times acquired another Honolulu-based supermarket chain, Star Markets, from the Fujieki family, giving them more locations in the Honolulu area. Star was Honolulu's first supermarket chain, having started in 1940. Times then sold 2 of Star's 7 stores to CVS Pharmacy (to convert into Long's Drugs) because CVS wanted to block Walgreens from entering their respective markets. CVS/Longs Drugs had been acquiring as many locations as possible to slow Walgreens' expansion.
In 2011, Times bought the Big Save chain of supermarkets on Kauai from the Kawakami and Furugen families. As a result of this acquisition, five of the six Big Save locations were kept but one had to be closed due to a Times store located nearby.
On June 28, 2017, PAQ, which operated Times, Big Save, and Shima's under the subsidiary QSI, Inc., announced that it has sold the stores to the Honolulu-based division of Tokyo-based Don Quijote Holdings Co., Ltd, using an executed a stock purchase agreement with the sale closing in the 3rd quarter of 2017. The deal combined Times with three Don Quijote stores and two Marukai stores on Oʻahu. In a statement from Edwin Sawai, president of Don Quijote (USA) Co., Ltd. and Marukai Hawaii Co. Ltd., he stated “The opportunity to welcome the Times Supermarket family of stores and their employees to our ohana is exciting for us,” and added that “We are confident that we will successfully work together, share ideas and learn from each other’s combined experiences to best serve Hawaii. For more than 68 years, Times Supermarket has been a local favorite and pillar of Hawaii’s retail community. We look forward to continuing their history and success in the islands.” Don Quijote later re-branded as Pan Pacific International Holdings due to their ventures expanding beyond discount retailing.
# Murder of Gerd Johansson

The murder of Gerd Johansson is one of Sweden's most notorious murder cases, concerning the disappearance and murder of a 10-year-old schoolgirl in Stockholm on 1 December 1939. Eight days after her parents had reported her missing her body was discovered in Lötsjön a lake in Sundbyberg; she had been raped and strangled to death. News media was filled with reports of the murder and her playmate Jan Sparring was interviewed by several media; Sparring later became a known singer in Sweden. A month after her body was discovered, media reported that her killer must have a dog and that jute fibers had been found on her coat. Police also stated that they were searching for a black car in connection with her murder.

## Arrest and conviction

Soon a 33-year-old man, Olle Möller, was arrested and interrogated. Möller, who was born in Michigan in the United States and had moved to Sweden at a young age, was a known athlete in Stockholm. On 17 January 1940 Möller was released by the police and the newspaper Aftonbladet set a 10,000 kronor reward for any tips that would lead to Johansson's killer being arrested. In December 1940, Möller was once again arrested and this time he was prosecuted and on 7 March 1940 he was sentenced to ten years hard labour for "attempted rape and assault with death occurring". Möller appealed his sentence, but his sentence was upheld in two more appeals and, on 26 June 1942, his sentence was finalised. However, over the following years the trial received a lot of criticism and accusations of false testaments, with rewards for those who testified against Möller. In 1984, one of the witnesses against Möller at his trial revealed that they had falsely testified that they saw Möller with Gerd Johansson.

## Release from prison, new charge, and aftermath

Möller was released from prison on 11 September 1948, after serving six years of hard labour. Möller was later sentenced once again, this time for the murder of Rut Lind in 1959.
After Möller's death in 1983, his daughter continued to fight for her father to be officially acquitted of Gerd Johansson's murder. She took her claim to court that her father should be officially acquitted of the 1939 murder, because of witness confessions of untrue testimony in court. Her claim was denied by the supreme court of Stockholm on 24 May 1985. In 1998, a DNA test was made on the clothes of Gerd Johansson, but no certain results could be determined.
Olle Möller och orättvisan was a book released in 2010 by Henry Sidoli, covering the murder case. In 2012, the book Mördaren i folkhemmet by Lena Ebervall and Per E Samuelson was released about the Johansson murder case. Möller himself released a book in 1966 called Jag är oskyldig (I am innocent) about the case.
# George Coe (Lincoln County War)

George Washington Coe (1856–1941) was an Old West cowboy and a gunman during the Lincoln County War.

## Early years

George Washington Coe was born in Brighton, Iowa. He moved to New Mexico Territory with his cousin, Frank Coe, around 1871 to work on a ranch near Fort Stanton belonging to another cousin. For a time they lived near Raton, New Mexico. The two often rode in pursuit of cattle rustlers and horse thieves. On July 18, 1876, he and Frank, accompanied by Doc Scurlock, Charlie Bowdre, and Ab Saunders, forced their way into the Lincoln County jail and took alleged horse thief Jesus Largo from Sheriff Saturnino Baca and lynched him.
By 1878 Coe had leased land in Lincoln County to establish his own ranch. He and his cousin continued to battle rustlers, but now it was often in defense of their own possessions.

## Lincoln County War

George Coe was dragged into the Lincoln County War after being arrested by county Sheriff William J. Brady. Coe and his cousin aligned themselves with the Lincoln County Regulators, riding with Billy the Kid, and facing off against the "Murphy-Dolan faction" and their supporters. This included members of the Jesse Evans Gang and the John Kinney Gang. Coe figured prominently in the events of the final Battle of Lincoln between the two factions. He was later arrested for the murder of Buckshot Roberts which had occurred in a shootout known as the Gunfight of Blazer's Mills. In the gunfight, Coe lost his trigger finger.
Coe shot and wounded Seven Rivers Warriors gang member Charles "Dutch Charlie" Kruling in Lincoln on the morning of April 30, 1878, a day after Seven Rivers members had shot and killed the new Regulator leader, Frank McNab, and captured Coe's cousin, Frank. Frank escaped shortly thereafter. The two left the area for a time, living in Nebraska and Colorado before they eventually returned to Lincoln County.

## Later life and death

Coe was granted amnesty from New Mexico Governor Lew Wallace. In 1884 he started the "Golden Glow Ranch" in Lincoln County and became a prosperous and respected member of the community.
He wrote his autobiography, entitled Frontier Fighter, detailing his association with the Regulators and giving details of certain members' traits and personalities.
Coe died November 12, 1941, in Roswell, New Mexico.