OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Badaga language

Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by the Badaga people of the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. The language is closely related to the Kannada language with heavy influence from the Tamil language. Of all the tribal languages spoken in Nilgiris (Badaga, Toda language, Kota language (India)), Badaga is the most spoken language.

## Origins

Badaga, like modern Kannada, likely originates from Old Kannada. This is suggested by the fact that Badaga shares many common features with modern Kannada. One such feature shared by both Badaga and Kannada is initial /h/ where other Dravidian languages, and Old Kannada, have an initial /p/, a process which began around the 13th century.

## Phonology

Badaga has five vowel qualities, /i e a o u/, where each of them may be long or short, and until the 1930s they were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes. Current speakers only distinguish retroflection of a few vowels.
Note on transcription: rhoticity ⟨◌˞⟩ indicates half-retroflexion; doubled ⟨◌˞˞⟩ it indicates full retroflexion.
| | | Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | c | k | |
| Stop | voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɟ | ɡ | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s | | | | h |
| Approximant | Approximant | ʋ | l | ɻ | j | | |
| Trill | Trill | | r | | | | |

## Writing system

Several attempts have been made at constructing an orthography based on English, Kannada and Tamil. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.
Badaga can also be written in the Kannada script and Tamil script.

## Linguistic documentation

Badaga has been studied and documented by linguists. Several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.
A collection of proverbs and other traditional sayings of the Badaga has been collated and edited by Paul Hockings. It is the result of the work of many people, collecting material over many decades.
# Gary Lewis (running back)

Gary Roger Lewis (February 22, 1942 – December 12, 1986) was an American professional football running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played seven seasons for the San Francisco 49ers from 1964 to 1969 and New Orleans Saints in 1970.
Lewis was one of three 1964 San Francisco 49ers teammates who died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, a rare ailment with an incidence estimated at 1 per 50,000 individuals in the general population. Others 49ers stricken by the disease included contemporaries Bob Waters and Matt Hazeltine and — a generation later — wide receiver Dwight Clark.
Studies have been done examining the use of DMSO, painkillers, and the fertilizer used on the 49ers practice field in Redwood City, California in an effort to isolate a potential chemical connection. A possible connection between the disease and mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) is a matter of ongoing study.
# List of tallest buildings in Jena

This list of tallest buildings in Jena ranks high-rise buildings that reach a height of 40 meters (130 feet). The tallest skyscraper in the city is the 144.5-meter-high JenTower, built in 1972.
In 1915, Germany's first "skyscraper", the 42-meter-high (138-foot) Bau 15, was constructed in Jena. The building, designed by Friedrich Pützer, was used by Zeiss as a production facility. In 1936, the architects Hans Hertlein and Georg Steinmetz built a new administrative building for Zeisswerke, known as Building 36. In 1945, Allied bombing raids destroyed large parts of Jena's city center.
After the end of the Second World War, the city council adopted the “Reconstruction Plan for the University City of Jena”. Construction of the high-rise research building began in 1959. On April 30, 1970, the foundation stone for the 26-storey research tower designed by Hermann Henselmann was laid in the immediate vicinity. It was inaugurated on October 2, 1972. The tower was renovated between 1999 and 2001. It was then used by Intershop Communications AG. In November 2004, the Intershop Tower was renamed the Jentower. At 144.5 meters, the tower is the tallest building in eastern Germany.
| Rank | Name | Height m (ft) | Floors | Year completed | Use / Note |
| 1 | JenTower | 144.5 m (474 ft) | 31 | 1972 | Tallest skyscraper in Jena, Renovated in 2001 and increased by two storeys. With antenna spire 159.6 m (524 ft) tall. |
| | St. Michael | 75 m (246 ft) | | 1557 | |
| 2 | Bau 59 | 67 m (220 ft) | 16 | 1962 (Refurbishment in 1993) | Former research high-rise of the VEB Carl Zeiss Jena |
| 3 | Bau 36 | 66 m (217 ft) | 15 | 1935 | Seat of Jenoptik AG |
| 4 | Bau 15 | 42 m (138 ft) | 11 | 1915 | Jena's and Germany's first "skyscraper". |

## Under Construction

| Name | Height (m) | Height (ft) | Floors | Year |
| Inselplatz-Campus | 50 | 164 | 15 | 2025 |

## Proposed

| Name | Height (m) | Height (ft) | Floors | Year |
| Bebauung des Eichplatzes I | 66.5 | 218 | 20 | 2027 |
| dotSource Campus | 65 | 213 | 16 | Unknown |
| Bebauung des Eichplatzes II | 50 | 164 | 14 | 2027 |
| Steinweg Tower (Quartier 22) | 49 | 161 | 15 | Unknown |
# Marriage Portrait of Isaac Massa and Beatrix van der Laen

Marriage Portrait of Isaac Massa and Beatrix van der Laen is a painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Frans Hals, painted c. 1622 and now in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. The couple has been identified as Isaac Massa and his bride Beatrix van der Laen.

## Painting

The painting shows a happy couple sitting against a tree "picnic-style", with a garden scene in the distance. They smile at the viewer and look more relaxed than amorous.

## Name

In his 1910 catalog of Frans Hals works Hofstede de Groot wrote:
   427. A MARRIED COUPLE. B. 15; M. 90. In a garden a gentleman sits in the left foreground smiling at the spectator. His right hand is at his breast; his left hand is pressed to his side. He has a moustache and a small pointed beard. He wears a broad-brimmed black felt hat, a black silk costume with a lace collar and fine linen wristbands. Beside him to the right sits a woman, bending slightly forward, with her head turned three-quarters left. She smiles rather slyly at the spectator. Her right hand rests on the man's left shoulder; her left hand is in her lap. She wears a black dress under a dark-purple gown, a ruff, a white cap threaded with a pink ribbon, and lace-trimmed wristbands. Behind the couple are trees. To the right is a park with merry-making couples, a building, a fountain, and a statue. It was wrongly supposed to represent Frans Hals and his wife. Canvas, 58 inches by 67 1/2 inches. Sales. J. Six, Amsterdam, April 6, 1702 (bought in). H. Six van Hillegom, Amsterdam, November 25, 1851, No. 15. In the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 1907 catalogue, No. 1084.
# Two Laughing Boys with a Mug of Beer

Two Laughing Boys with a Mug of Beer is an oil-on-canvas painting by Frans Hals, created c. 1626, showing a Kannekijker (mug-looker). It should hang in the Hofje van Mevrouw van Aerden museum at Leerdam in the Netherlands, but it was stolen from there in 2020 and is still missing.

## Themes

In old Dutch a Kannekijker, someone looking into a mug, refers to a glutton, somebody greedy for more. This theme of seeing is also present in the painting, as one of the five senses, and various experts have argued about whether this portrait was meant as one in a series, along with Two Boys singing for hearing, and a variant version of The Smoker for smell:
* Two Laughing Boys with a Mug of Beer
* Two Boys Singing
Hals has included an accomplice peering over the central figure's shoulder, and besides the other two paintings already mentioned, this theme of a main subject with a secondary witness was common to many of his paintings of the 1620s; for example:
* The Smoker, with an accomplice on the left and another in the background on the right
* Yonker Ramp and his sweetheart, with an accomplice on the right
* The evangelist Matthew and the angel, with an accomplice on the left
The theme of looking into a mug was also used by Hals when he painted the portrait of Peeckelhaeringh who turns to the viewer to show his mug.

## Thefts

The painting belongs to the Hofje van Mevrouw van Aerden museum. It has been stolen from the museum three times: in 1988, 2011, and 2020. One theory of why it is stolen so often is because the various theft attempts have defined its market value, making it easier to sell as stolen property.
In 1988, the facility manager was forced to turn off an alarm under threat of being shot. In 1991, it was returned after a ransom was paid, together with another painting called “Forest View with Flowering Elderberry”, by Jacob Salomonsz van Ruysdael, which had been stolen at the same time.
On 28 October 2011, it was recovered after being stolen for a second time on 27 April 2011.
The most recent theft was in late August 2020. In early April 2021, a person was arrested in the town of Baarn as a suspect. The person was also suspected of stealing a work by Vincent van Gogh called The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen, which was stolen from the Singer Laren museum in Laren in March 2020. Neither painting was recovered at that time. Art detective Arthur Brand told a reporter that the person in custody probably did not know the location of the works because "stolen artwork was often moved around quickly by criminal gangs".
A BBC News item stated the value of the Frans Hals painting to be "some €15m (£13m; $17.5m)" but provided no source for that information. An article in The Guardian the same day said the work "would be expected to fetch £13.4m at auction". On 24 September, the man was convicted of the thefts and sentenced to eight years imprisonment.
# V Shaped Abstract Sculpture

V Shaped Abstract Sculpture, is a public artwork by an unknown artist located at the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The sculpture sits in front of the entrance to the building and is made of concrete. The piece has two large separate concrete forms that appear to be growing from the ground and separate halfway into an abstract v-shaped form. The piece stands at 7 × 7 × 6 feet. The building dates from the 1960s and it is believed that the piece was installed during that period. The piece was originally in the collection of Leo Lippman.
# ENS Al-Qahhar

ENS Al-Qahhar (F 905) (Arabic: القهار, "the irresistible subduer") is an Al-Aziz-class frigates of the Egyptian Navy.

## Design and description

Al-Qahhar is a MEKO A-200EN frigate, designed by Blohm + Voss. The frigate has a length of 118 m (387 ft), beam of 14.8 m (49 ft), and draught of 4.3 m (14 ft). The frigate has a full load displacement of 3,700 tonnes (3,600 long tons) and is powered by combined diesel and gas waterjet and refined propeller (CODAG WARP) propulsion system, consisted of two 5,920 kilowatts (7,940 hp) MTU 16V 1163 TB93 diesel engines connected to two shafts with controllable pitch propellers, and one 20,000 kilowatts (27,000 hp) General Electric LM2500 gas turbine to power the waterjet. She has a speed of 28 knots (52 km/h) and range of 7,200 NM (13,300 km) with cruising speed of 16 knots (30 km/h). The ship has a complement of 120 personnel.
The ship is armed with one Otobreda 127 mm/64 gun and four 20 mm Oerlikon Searanger 20 remote weapon systems. For surface warfare, Al-Qahhar are equipped with eight Exocet MM40 Block 3 anti-ship missile launchers, consisted of two quad launchers, and 32 vertical launching system cells for VL MICA NG anti-aircraft missiles. For anti-submarine warfare, she is equipped with two twin 324 mm torpedo tubes for MU90 Impact and DM2A4 torpedoes.
Her sensors and electronic systems consisted of Thales NS-110 4D active electronically scanned array air/surface surveillance radar, satellite communication system, towed array sonar, Thales SCORPION 2 ECM and ESM system.
The frigate's countermeasures systems consisted of two 32-tube Rheinmetall Multi Ammunition Softkill System (MASS) decoy launchers and decoy launchers for Leonardo WASS C310 surface anti-torpedo countermeasure systems.
Al-Qahhar has a flight deck and hangar capable to accommodate two helicopters and a vertically-launched drone, and two boats.

## Construction and career

The Egyptian government signed a US$2.7 billion contract with ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) in November 2018 for four MEKO A-200EN frigates and training program for its crews. Three ships were constructed in Germany, with the fourth ship to be built in Egypt.
Work on the construction of the ship was started with the first steel cutting ceremony in September 2019, with her keel was laid down in March 2020. The frigate was launched in August 2021 at Stahlbau Nord GmbH shipyard in Bremerhaven. Al-Qahhar started sea trials on 9 November 2022, departing Bremerhaven at 9 pm for trials in the North Sea. She was transferred to Kiel for testing at the TKMS facility in the city in December 2022. The ship also run trials in Kieler Förde, the Bay of Kiel, and the Baltic Sea. Al-Qahhar was handed over to the Egyptian Navy at a ceremony in Bremerhaven on 26 May 2023.
# Michael Panes

Michael Panes is an American actor, writer, musician and composer.

## Education

Panes attended Brown University and graduated with a Bachelor of Music degree.

## Career

Panes appeared in Lisa Loeb's reality television series Number 1 Single. The two were old friends and during the course of the show began to date. Panes and Loeb ended their relationship when Panes had to move to Los Angeles for an acting role. Loeb has since married.
Panes's film roles include classical musician Levi Panes in The Anniversary Party and Gore Vidal in Infamous.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1997 | Dinner and Driving | Patron at Dresden Room | |
| 2001 | The Anniversary Party | Levi Panes | |
| 2002 | Fabled | Dr. Roy Frumkes | |
| 2003 | Carolina | John | |
| 2004 | Surviving Eden | Dennis Flotchky | |
| 2004 | Marmalade | Eddie | |
| 2004 | Eulogy | Adult Film Director | |
| 2005 | Adam & Steve | Lou | |
| 2005 | Going Shopping | Waiting Man | |
| 2005 | The Californians | Marion Pardon | |
| 2006 | Infamous | Gore Vidal | |
| 2007 | Broken English | Glen | |
| 2007 | Watching the Detectives | Lucien | |
| 2008 | Have Tig at Your Party | Audience Member | |
| 2009 | (Untitled) | Grant | |
| 2009 | Confessions of a Shopaholic | Russell | |
| 2009 | Falling Up | Laszlo | |
| 2010 | Please Give | Shopper | |
| 2010 | Janie Jones | Ulysses | |
| 2011 | Bat $#*! Crazy | Dr. Frumkes | |
| 2011 | The Love Guide | Ira | |
| 2011 | We Bought a Zoo | Principal | |
| 2013 | Free the Nipple | Lawyer | |
| 2014 | Someone Marry Barry | Rabbi Frankel | Uncredited |
| 2015 | The Perfect Guy | Cooper | |
| 2016 | Jimmy Vestvood: Amerikan Hero | Docent | |
| 2016 | The Architect' | Adjuster | |
| 2018 | Hot Air | Concierge | |
| 2019 | Jacob's Ladder | Bandleader | |
| 2020 | The Man in the Woods | David Glasser | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1996 | Sherman Oaks | Haji | 2 episodes |
| 1997 | Austin Stories | Jarrod | Episode: "Austin Sex Stories" |
| 1998 | Mike Hammer, Private Eye | Earnie Nathan / Ernie Nathan | 2 episodes |
| 2000 | Mission Hill | Jerry the Republican Vampire | Episode: "Andy and Kevin Make a Friend" |
| 2002 | Frasier | Clark | Episode: "Three Blind Dates" |
| 2002 | Gilmore Girls | Bobby | Episode: "There's the Rub" |
| 2003 | Lucky | Dr. Alan Kirschbaum | Episode: "Something for Everyone" |
| 2006 | Heist | Tom Swayman | Episode: "How Billy Got His Groove Back" |
| 2008 | Wainy Days | Craig / Waiter | 2 episodes |
| 2008–2009 | Easy to Assemble | Spazzy Sheraton / Mickey | 8 episodes |
| 2010–2011 | Backwash | Jonesy | 13 episodes |
| 2011 | Law & Order: Criminal Intent | Roger Porter | Episode: "Icarus" |
| 2013 | Grow | Starstruck Patient | Television film |
| 2016 | Bull | Juror Dionysus | Episode: "Bedside Manner" |
# Bartholomew Parapolo

Bartholomew Parapolo (born 1963) is a politician of Solomon Islands who serves as the Minister of Tourism and Culture. He previously held the position of Minister of Forestry & Research from 18 August, 2015 to 27 October, 2015. In 2016 he was elected as the Paramount Chief of the Nggela Islands.
# Lansing State Journal

The Lansing State Journal is a daily newspaper published in Lansing, Michigan, owned by Gannett. It is the sole daily newspaper published in Greater Lansing.

## History

The paper was started as the Lansing Republican on April 28, 1855, to advance the causes of the newly founded Republican Party in Michigan. Founder and publisher Henry Barnes completed only two issues of the weekly abolitionist publication before selling it and returning to Detroit.
According to the Pioneer History of Ingham County, "In a few weeks, Barnes sold his interests to Herman E. Haskill. Shortly after Haskill made this purchase he met with a great disappointment. He was not appointed State Printer. Two men, Fitch and Hosmer, got the appointment, and Haskill sold his interests to them, and they published the paper in connection with the State printing. In 1857 Fitch sold his interests to John A. Kerr, and the firm's name was changed to Kerr & Hosmer. I can remember the two men and the old red building on West Michigan Avenue where the State printing and binding was done, and this paper was published. It had a long sign on the roof that informed the passerby that it was the State Bindery and Republican Office."
Over the next 50 years, the paper saw many name changes and many different owners, finally merging with the rival Lansing Journal forming The Lansing Journal-Republican with the January 23, 1911 edition. Three weeks later with the February 13, 1911 edition, the paper officially became The State Journal in an effort to be "unbiased and uninfluenced by the political views or aims of any party." The first Sunday edition was published on September 27, 1936. Gannett bought the paper in 1971, and it became the Lansing State Journal on August 25, 1980. On April 15, 1985, it became a morning publication, rather than an afternoon one. In January 2016, the LSJ moved from its Lenawee Street headquarters building to the 3rd floor of the Knapp's Centre building.

## Notable people

Former contributors:
* Michael Gallagher – reporter
# Wayne Lavallee

Wayne Lavallee is a Métis actor and singer-songwriter from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
He began his career with Vancouver's Spiritsong indigenous theatre company in 1990. His stage roles have included productions of Drew Hayden Taylor's alterNatives and The BuzGem Blues.
Concurrently with his acting career he also performed as a musician in the Vancouver area, later releasing the album Green Dress in 2004. The album won the Canadian Aboriginal Music Award for album of the year in 2004, was a Juno Award nominee for Aboriginal Recording of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2005, and won the Canadian Folk Music Award for Aboriginal Songwriter of the Year at the 2nd Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2006.
His followup album Trail of Tears, released in 2009, won the awards for Best Male Artist, Best Rock Album and Best Acoustic Folk Album at the 2010 Aboriginal Music Awards, was a Juno nominee for Aboriginal Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2010, and a Canadian Folk Music Award nominee for Aboriginal Songwriter of the Year at the 6th Canadian Folk Music Awards.
In recent years he has composed music for theatre, film and television, including the films The Road Forward, Red Snow, Bones of Crows, Broken Angel, Lay Down Your Heart and Sweet Summer Pow Wow, the television series Dr. Savannah: Wild Rose Vet, and Taylor's stage play Cerulean Blue. He received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Original Song at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023 for "You Are My Bones", a song cowritten with Marie Clements and Jesse Zubot for Bones of Crows.
# Pradeep Somasiri

Pradeep Somasiri is a Sri Lankan para middle-distance runner.

## Career

He was part of the Sri Lankan contingent which took part at the 2023 World Para Athletics Grand Prix.
In October 2023, he claimed a gold medal in the men's 1500m T46 category at the 2022 Asian Para Games with a timing of 4:05.14 minutes.
# Tor Rødseth

Tor Rødseth (1928–2007) was a Norwegian economist.
He was born in Harstad, and graduated with the cand.oecon. degree in 1952. He was a docent at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration from 1962 to 1974 and a professor at the University of Bergen from 1974 to 1993.
# Erling Hall-Hofsø

Erling Hall-Hofsø (11 January 1917 – 20 May 2010) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour Party.
In his young days he was a boxer for the workers' sports club Harstad AIF. He became a member of the central board of the Workers' Youth League in 1938. In 1946 he was hired as a journalist in the Labour newspaper in Harstad, Folkeviljen. He was promoted to editor-in-chief already in 1947. He remained here until 1956, when the newspaper was incorporated by Tromsø-based newspaper Nordlys.
Hall-Hofsø became famous in 1953. His newspaper printed a short piece about an attempted rape which had occurred in Harstad. The police demanded that Hall-Hofsø unveil his source for the news story, but he refused. He was sentenced to jail for maximum three months, with the option of being released if he unveiled his source. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court of Norway, who sided with the prosecutors. After seventeen days of imprisonment, Hall-Hofsø was released on 3 March 1953 because the source stood forward. A chapter in Martin Eide's book Den redigerende makt is devoted to the incident.
After Folkeviljen was amalgamated into Nordlys, he became leader of the newspaper's Harstad office. He retired in 1987. He was also involved in politics, as a member of the municipal council of Sandtorg Municipality from 1948 to 1960, the municipal council of Harstad Municipality from 1960 to 1978, and the Troms county council from 1968 to 1972. He also chaired the local school board for four years, and was an honorary member of the Labour Party. He co-founded the Festival of North Norway in 1963, and was chairman of its board for the first six years. He died in January 2010.