OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lower Tauern

The Lower Tauern or Niedere Tauern are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps, in the Austrian states of Salzburg and Styria.
For the etymology of the name, see Tauern.

## Geography

The range forms a part of the main chain of the Alps. The highest peak of the Lower Tauern is the Hochgolling, part of the Schladming Tauern, at 2,863 m (9,393 ft).
Important mountain pass roads include Radstädter Tauern Pass (1,738 m (5,702 ft)), Sölk Pass (1,788 m (5,866 ft)), and Triebener Tauern Pass (1,274 m (4,180 ft)). The range is also crossed by the Tauern Autobahn (A10) through the Tauern Road Tunnel.

### Borders

In the west and south the Murtörl mountain pass and the River Mur separate them from the Hohe Tauern mountain range, while in the east and north the River Enns and the Schober Pass marks the border to the Northern Limestone Alps.

### Alpine Club classification

According to the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps, the Lower Tauern may be divided into four subgroups (from west to east):
* Radstadt Tauern (45a)
* Schladming Tauern (45b)
* Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern (45c)
* Seckau Tauern (45d).
The four groups listed above (the Radstadt Tauern, Schladming Tauern, Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern and Seckau Alps) are considered Alpine subsections.

## Notable summits

Some notable summits of the range are:
| Name | elevation (m) | subsection |
| Hochgolling | 2,862 | Schladming Tauern |
| Weißeck | 2,711 | Radstadt Tauern |
| Mosermandl | 2,680 | Radstadt Tauern |
| Hochfeind | 2,687 | Radstadt Tauern |
| Großes Gurpitscheck | 2,526 | Schladming Tauern |
| Hundstein | 2,614 | Schladming Tauern |
| Hochwildstelle | 2,747 | Schladming Tauern |
| Roteck | 2,742 | Schladming Tauern |
| Großer Knallstein | 2,599 | Schladming Tauern |
| Rettlkirchspitze | 2,475 | Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern |
| Großer Bösenstein | 2,425 | Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern |
| Geierhaupt | 2,417 | Seckau Tauern |
| Hochreichhart | 2,416 | Seckau Tauern |
| Seckauer Zinken | 2,389 | Seckau Tauern |
| Maierangerkogel | 2,356 | Seckau Tauern |

## Geology and environment

The Lower Tauern mark the approximate eastern limit of the continuous ice sheet in the Alps during the Würm glaciation. Eastern parts of the group were therefore unglaciated, and served as an important refugium for silicicolous plants.

## Winter sports

A number of skiing resorts are situated in the Lower Tauern, including Obertauern and Schladming.
# Anthony Fok

Anthony Fok is a Singaporean private tutor and businessman.

## Biography

In 2004, Fok started a tuition center, Xue Hai Tutorial Centre, later renamed as Little Professors Education Group, during his undergraduate days in Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and expanded the business to more than 15 branches in Singapore. After graduation from NTU with a degree in accountancy and economics in 2007, Fok sold off the tuition center to his partner.
Fok then worked at a Big 4 accounting firm but left after five months. He then joined the Ministry of Education to become a school teacher, teaching Principles of Accounts and Business Studies. He subsequently obtained his Masters of Education from Monash University, Australia.
In 2012, Fok left the teaching career to pursue a PhD at the National Institute of Education. While studying, Fok set up another tuition centre, JCEconomics.com, specialising in teaching in A-level economics.
In 2015, Fok set up CPD Singapore Education Services, which quickly became one of Singapore's fastest-growing publishing companies. Specializing in the development and export of high-quality educational materials, the company has played a significant role in providing curriculum-based resources for students both locally and internationally. Under Fok's leadership, CPD Singapore expanded its reach beyond Singapore, catering to schools, educators, and institutions overseas by offering customized learning solutions and assessment books tailored to different educational systems. The company’s commitment to academic excellence and innovation has positioned it as a key player in the education sector, reinforcing Singapore’s reputation as a hub for high-quality learning materials.
In 2016, several media stories included Fok in a list of 'super tutors' who could obtain high incomes for conducting private tuition.
In 2017, several tutors including Fok founded the Association of Tutors (Singapore) and Fok held the role of president in 2017. Fok is also a board member of Association of Person with Special Needs, a charity organization with runs special education schools for special needs students. On 6 October 2022, Fok was elected to the board of Singapore Disability Sports Council.
In 2021, Fok sued rival tutor Edmund Quek for defamation and received S$170,000 in damages.
# Andesi Setyo Prabowo

Andesi Setyo Prabowo (born October 1, 1989) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | Super League | Super League | Premier Division | Premier Division | Piala Indonesia | Piala Indonesia | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Pelita Jaya FC | 2009-10 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Pelita Jaya FC | 2010-11 | 15 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 15 | 1 |
| Pelita Jaya FC | 2011-12 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 19 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| Persibas Banyumas | 2013 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Persibas Banyumas | 2014 | 15 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 15 | 1 |
| Persibas Banyumas | 2015 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 19 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 20 | 1 | 2016 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 19 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 20 | 1 | 2017 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 19 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 20 | 1 |

## Hounors
### Clubs

Pelita Jaya U-21
* Indonesia Super League U-21: 2008-09
* Indonesia Super League U-21 runner-up: 2009-10
PSCS Cilacap
* Indonesia Soccer Championship B: 2016
# Happened-before

In computer science, the happened-before relation (denoted: $\to \;$) is a relation between the result of two events, such that if one event should happen before another event, the result must reflect that, even if those events are in reality executed out of order (usually to optimize program flow). This involves ordering events based on the potential causal relationship of pairs of events in a concurrent system, especially asynchronous distributed systems. It was formulated by Leslie Lamport.
The happened-before relation is formally defined as the least strict partial order on events such that:
* If events $a\;$ and $b\;$ occur on the same process, $a\to b\;$ if the occurrence of event $a\;$ preceded the occurrence of event $b\;$.
* If event $a\;$ is the sending of a message and event $b\;$ is the reception of the message sent in event $a\;$, $a\to b\;$.
If two events happen in different isolated processes (that do not exchange messages directly or indirectly via third-party processes), then the two processes are said to be concurrent, that is neither $a\to b$ nor $b\to a$ is true.
If there are other causal relationships between events in a given system, such as between the creation of a process and its first event, these relationships are also added to the definition. For example, in some programming languages such as Java, C, C++ or Rust, a happens-before edge exists if memory written to by statement A is visible to statement B, that is, if statement A completes its write before statement B starts its read.
Like all strict partial orders, the happened-before relation is transitive, irreflexive (and vacuously, asymmetric), i.e.:
* $\forall a,b,c$, if $a\to b\;$ and $b\to c\;$, then $a\to c\;$ (transitivity). This means that for any three events $a,b,c$, if $a$ happened before $b$, and $b$ happened before $c$, then $a$ must have happened before $c$.
* $\forall a,a\nrightarrow a$ (irreflexivity). This means that no event can happen before itself.
* $\forall a,b,$ if $a\to b$ then $b\nrightarrow a$ (asymmetry). This means that for any two events $a,b$, if $a$ happened before $b$ then $b$ cannot have happened before $a$.
Let us observe that the asymmetry property directly follows from the previous properties: by contradiction, let us suppose that $\forall a,b,$ we have $a\to b\;$ and $b\to a$. Then by transitivity we have $a\to a,$ which contradicts irreflexivity.
The processes that make up a distributed system have no knowledge of the happened-before relation unless they use a logical clock, like a Lamport clock or a vector clock. This allows one to design algorithms for mutual exclusion, and tasks like debugging or optimising distributed systems.
# European Journal of Political Research

The European Journal of Political Research (EJPR) is a major journal of European political science sponsored by the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR). It is one of the most highly respected journals in the discipline, and the first journal of the ECPR.
The EJPR specialises in articles articulating theoretical and comparative perspectives in political science, covering quantitative and qualitative approaches. All articles are subject to anonymised peer review. The Journal is currently edited by Isabelle Engeli (University of Exeter), Emiliano Grossman (Sciences Po Paris / CEE) and Sofia Vassilopoulou (University of York).

## Ranking

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 2.525, ranking it 9th out of 163 journals in the category "Political Science". In 2008 and 2014, it was ranked by the SCImago Journal Rank 48th and 26th, respectively in the Sociology and Political Science category.
# Élodie Lorandi

Élodie Lorandi (born 31 May 1989) is a French Paralympic swimmer who won medals at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
On 1 January 2013, Lorandi was made a Knight (Chevalier) of the Légion d'honneur.
Lorandi also competed as an adaptive rower on the French PR3 mixed coxed four team at the 2018 World Rowing Championships (bronze medal) and at the 2019 World Rowing Championships.
# Philippines at the 2025 World Games

Philippines will compete at the 2025 World Games held in Chengdu, China from 7 to 17 August 2025.
The country has qualified an athlete for kickboxing and teams for dragon boat and floorball.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Cue sports | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Duathlon | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Ju-jitsu | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Kickboxing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Powerlifting | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Wakeboarding | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Wushu | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Total | 5 | 7 | 12 |
Allocation for dragon boat and floorball to be confirmed

## Canoe sports
### Dragon boat

The Philippines have qualified a berth in the 2025 World Games through its performance in the mixed 10-seater races at the 2024 ICF Dragon Boat World Championships.

## Cue sports
### Pool

The Philippines have qualified a berth in the 2025 World Games for pool. Rubilen Amit qualified by placing second at the Asian 10-Ball Women's Pool Championships. Jeff de Luna also qualified.

## Duathlon

Merry Joy Trupa, Kim Mangrobang and Franklin Yee qualified following their participation at the 2025 Asia Triathlon Duathlon Championships in Manama, Bahrain.

## Floorball

The Philippines qualified their national floorball team via finishing as the best team from Asia-Oceania at the 2024 Men's World Floorball Championships.

## Ju-jitsu

The Philippines have qualified two athletes.
* Jenna Kaila Napolis

## Kickboxing

Hergie Bacyadan qualified for the World Games through the 2024 Asian Kickboxing Championships. He will compete in the women's division.

## Powerlifting

The Philippines have qualified two athletes.

### Men

* Lightweight – Regie Ramirez

### Women

* Super Heavyweight – Joyce Gail Reboton

## Wakeboarding

The Philippines have qualified an athlete.

### Cable wakeboard

* Raphael Trinidad

## Wushu

The Philippines have qualified three athletes in wushu.

### Sanda

* Carlos Baylon Jr. – 56 kg men

### Taolu

* Jones Llabres Inso – Taijiquan – Taijijian combined women
* Agatha Wong – Taijiquan – Taijijian combined women
# Dane Johnson

Dane Edward Johnson (born February 10, 1963) is an American former professional baseball coach and former pitcher. He played parts of three seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, and Oakland Athletics.

## Career

Johnson attended St. Thomas University and was drafted by the Blue Jays in the 2nd round of the 1984 amateur draft. He played at various levels of the minor league organization from 1984 to 1989. In 1990 he played for the Brother Elephants of the Chinese Professional Baseball League, and in 1991 he played for the Mercuries Tigers. He returned to minor league baseball in 1993, playing in the Milwaukee Brewers organization, starting with the Double-A El Paso Diablos and later with the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs.
He made his major league debut in 1994 with the White Sox, and spent the entire 1995 season with their Triple-A affiliate, the Nashville Sounds. In 1996 Johnson returned to the Toronto organization, making a brief appearance with the Blue Jays and spending the rest of the season with the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs. In 1997, Johnson made 38 relief appearances for the Oakland Athletics posting a 4–1 record. He split the 1998 season playing with the Blue Jays and Florida Marlins minor league organizations, and in 1999 he briefly pitched for the Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs of the independent Northern League.
Johnson was named the Blue Jays' bullpen coach for the 2015 season, after serving as a roving minor league pitching instructor with the organization since 2004. The Blue Jays fired Johnson following the 2018 season.
He was named the pitching coach of the Omaha Storm Chasers prior to the 2020 season which ultimately was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He remained in the role when play resumed in 2021.
# Ball (crater)

Ball is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southern highlands of the Moon. It was named after British astronomer William Ball. The formation is circular and symmetrical, and has received little significant wear. The interior is rough-surfaced, curving downward toward the relatively wide central peak at the midpoint.
The crater is situated on the rim of the more sizable Deslandres, to the east of the crater Lexell, and southewest of Gauricus. To the north is Sasserides, and further to the north-northwest is the prominent ray crater Tycho.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Ball.
| Ball | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 34.7° S | 9.3° W | 29 km |
| B | 36.9° S | 9.1° W | 10 km |
| C | 37.7° S | 8.7° W | 31 km |
| D | 35.6° S | 10.3° W | 21 km |
| E | 36.5° S | 8.1° W | 5 km |
| F | 36.9° S | 8.5° W | 12 km |
| G | 37.7° S | 10.1° W | 28 km |
# Chalgarud

Chalgarud (Persian: چالگرود) is a village in Sanjabad-e Gharbi Rural District of the Central District in Kowsar County, Ardabil province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 531 in 110 households. The following census in 2011 counted 567 people in 140 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 546 people in 172 households.
# Habo IF

Habo IF is a sports club in Habo in Sweden, established on 26 April 1926, now only playing association football. The men's bandy team, which has played in the Swedish second division, played the qualifying rounds for the Swedish top division three times during the 1940s. In 1944, the bandy team lost 3–6 against IFK Nässjö in the qualifying rounds. The bandy section was disestablished in 1998. The club has also competed in athletics, handball, table tennis, cycling, racewalking, Nordic skiing, orienteering, and gymnastics. It is the mother club of Erik Edman and Zlatan Muslimović.
# Better Photography

Better Photography is an Indian monthly photography magazine. It was established in Bombay in 1997.
The magazine features photographers like Henri Cartier-Bresson, Kishor Parekh, Ansel Adams, Homai Vyarawalla, David Alan Harvey, S. Paul and Steve McCurry. It has won annual awards such as Photographer of the Year, Wedding Photographer of the Year, Young Photographer of the Year, and Better Photography Excellence Awards.

## Collector's edition special issue

On completion of 13 years, a 600-page collector's edition special was released in June 2010, which included an interview with photographer David Alan Harvey, and four 100-page pocket guides: '′The Natural World′', '′People & Portraits, Beautiful Landscapes′' and '′Stunning Macros′, as part of its newly launched series Secrets of Shooting'′. It tied-up with National Geographic magazine for a joint special subscription offer from this issue. The issue had 60 per cent editorial content, compared to the regular 70 per cent.

## Background

The magazine is operated by Indian media and entertainment company Network 18.

## Sister publications

* Forbes India, the Indian edition of Forbes
* Overdrive, an Indian monthly automotive magazine
* Better Interiors, an interior design publication
# INS Kalvari (S21)

INS Kalvari (S21) (lit. 'Tiger shark') is the first of the six indigenous Kalvari-class submarines currently in service with the Indian Navy. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine which is designed by DCNS (French naval defence and energy company) and was manufactured at Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.

## Etymology and motto

The ship inherits its name from INS Kalvari (S23) which served in the Indian Navy from 1967 to 1996. Kalvari is the Malayalam word for tiger shark, a deep-sea predator in the Indian Ocean. The name symbolizes agility, strength and predatory power. The tiger shark (Galeocerdo Cuvier) is a species of requiem shark which are found in tropical and temperate waters. The ship's motto is "Ever Onward" which represents the submarine's zeal and indomitable spirit.

## History and construction

The submarine was designated as Yard 11875 at Mazagon Dock Limited and construction began on 14 December 2006 with the first cutting of steel. The keel laying was completed on 1 April 2009. The five separate sections of the submarine were welded together, called "Boot Together", on 30 July 2014. She was undocked to a pontoon from the East Yard dock on 6 April 2015 in the presence of the then Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar. The submarine hull construction was completed in 30 October 2015 and was delivered to the Indian Navy by September 2016.
She is the first Indian Naval vessel to be built using a modular approach. After completing the important milestones of vacuum test and battery loading, she was launched at the Naval Dockyard on 27 October 2015 by Ritu Shrawat, wife of then CMD, Rear Admiral R K Shrawat (Retd). She was brought back to Mazagon Dock Limited for completion of the Basin trials and Harbour Acceptance trials phase. After conquering numerous challenges faced during the ‘Setting to Work’ phase and undergoing rigorous Harbour tests & trials to the complete satisfaction of the customer, she commenced sea trials on 1 May 2016. She was expected to be inducted into the Indian Navy fleet in 2012 but this was delayed.
The submarine successfully fired a torpedo and an Exocet SM39 Block 2 anti-ship missile in the Arabian Sea on 2 March 2017 during sea trials. She was delivered to the Indian Navy on 21 September 2017 after successful completion of sea trials. She was commissioned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 14 December 2017 at Mazagon Dock Limited. Her commissioning officer is Captain S D Mehendale.

## Operational history

Post 2019 Balakot airstrike conducted by the Indian Air Force, Indian Navy deployed INS Chakra along with INS Kalvari to search for the Pakistani submarine PNS Saad which was believed to be deployed.
As per Pakistan Navy, INS Kalvari was detected by its P3C Orion anti-Submarine aircraft, localised and blocked from entering Pakistani waters, while in Pakistani Exclusive Economic Zone, some 86 miles from Gwadar.
# Lorenzo Storioni

Lorenzo Storioni (1744 — 1816) is considered one of the last of the classic Cremonese master violin makers/luthiers of the 18th century.
Born a generation after Stradivarius and Guarnerius, and with no direct link to the great tradition, Lorenzo Storioni revived violin-making in Cremona with his own work and that of his two followers, Giovanni Rota (born 1767) and Giovanni Battista Ceruti (1756-1817).
He was influenced by makers of the previous generations such as Giovanni Battista Guadagnini and Tommaso Balestrieri, and between 1775 and 1795 manufactured a massive number of high-quality stringed instruments in a conventional manner. However, Storioni made some bold adjustments with his extreme creativeness. He changed the position of the F-hole, selected unusual materials (such as local wild maple), and decorated his instruments with a wide and rugged fringe, giving them strong but elegant looks as well as excellent sound.
He used a spirit varnish which sometimes appears to have saturated the wood. His choice of wood was not always the best, but that is due to the times in which he was living. From the 1750s to the end of the century Italy endured many wars, and instrument makers at times had much difficulty in finding materials. Decades of war, reforms, and repeated conquests by the French and Austrians dismantled the social and economic structure of Cremona - as Duane Rosengard explains in a 1991 paper published in the Journal of the Violin Society of America. In the 1770s, just as Storioni emerged, the guilds that had governed the skilled crafts since the Middle Ages were abolished by the conquering Austrians. The Jesuit fathers, whose educational institutions were major patrons of the violin makers, were suppressed by the Pope; and the lay corporations, who conducted commerce on behalf of Cremona's religious orders, were abolished. The church and nobility—primary patrons of the violin makers—lost power and money as the French and Austrians taxed and requisitioned treasure out of Italy to pay for the wars."
Many of Storioni's instruments are of broad grain in the upper table. He enjoyed working with the Joseph Guarnerius model. He is known to have made magnificent double basses. His followers include Giovanni Battista Ceruti, Giovanni Rota and Giovanni Francesco Pressenda.
"If rough work and poor wood characterized the Storioni-Rota-Ceruti school, they still find favor with musicians. “They were not the tidy boys, but they’re all acoustically rock solid,” says Boston violin maker Marilyn Wallin, who enjoys working on them for this reason. “As a group, they didn’t have the best wood, but they did know what to do with it.”
Mstislav Rostropovich owned and played a Storioni cello.
A bass that has been attributed to him is
The auction record for this maker is $664,821 in March 2017, for a violin.
# Halpasulupi (king of Melid)

Halpasulupi was a Neo-Hittite king of the polity called Kammanu, centered at the city of Melid (Malatya), during the Iron Age, around the 11th century BCE.

## Attestations

Halpasulupi is attested by an orthostat at Arslantepe, depicted in the act of hunting for lions, where he writes that "These shootings are of Halpasulupis, grandson of Taras, lord of the city Malizi, son of Wasu(?)runtiyas, the king." Halpasulupi is a Hittite name, being held by one of the sons of the Empire king Muršili II. Halpasulupi's grandfather Taras was the author of the stele of Izgın.
# Sulphur Times Democrat

The Sulphur Times-Democrat is a weekly newspaper based in Sulphur, Oklahoma. It has been published from 1927–present. The newspaper is currently owned and edited by James John.
The newspaper circulates in the Murray County area, which includes Sulphur and Davis, Oklahoma.
The paper's newsroom was damaged by the 2024 Sulphur tornado.