OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dramaturge

A dramaturge or dramaturg (from Ancient Greek δραματουργός – dramatourgós) is a literary adviser or editor in a theatre, opera, or film company who researches, selects, adapts, edits, and interprets scripts, libretti, texts, and printed programmes (or helps others with these tasks), consults authors, and does public relations work. Its modern-day function was originated by the innovations of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, an 18th-century German playwright, philosopher, and theatre theorist.

## Responsibilities

One of the dramaturge's contributions is to categorise and discuss the various types of plays or operas, their interconnectedness and their styles. The responsibilities of a dramaturge vary from one theatre or opera company to the next. They might include the hiring of actors, the development of a season of plays or operas with a sense of coherence among them, assistance with and editing of new plays or operas by resident or guest playwrights or composers/librettists, the creation of programs or accompanying educational services, and helping the director with rehearsals. At larger theatres or opera houses, the dramaturge works on the historical and cultural research into the play or opera and its setting.
In theatre companies, a dramaturge will create a workbook for the director and actors and work extensively with the director prior to the first rehearsal.

## History

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was hired by the Hamburg National Theatre in 1767, to serve as the theatre's critic of plays and acting, a position which would later be named dramaturge. This position grew over time to what it is today, encompassing the wide variety of tasks seen by modern dramaturges.

## Discrepancies with definition

The modern definition of 'dramaturge' is often debated as to what specific tasks this job does, with some defining it as the bridge between the director and the actors, others defining it as one who determines the meaning of plays and shows for the actors, and others claiming that even they don't quite have a complete definition for their job. This discrepancy between dramaturges is likely due to the lack of an official historical definition, and the wide variety of tasks that dramaturges could be asked to work on, depending on the theatre, director, the show being produced, and the actors. Since Lessing did not create an official definition for his own position at the Hamburg National Theatre, modern dramaturges have to infer their tasks based on what Lessing did during his career, and adapt to the current needs of modern theatre.

## Recent growth

Since the year 2000, the number of dramaturges working around the world has increased. In 2000, 400 active dramaturges were recorded in the United States, with that number growing. There are various possible causes of this growth, but some dramaturges attribute the growth to the fact that dramaturgy combines two popular studies for young students: the liberal arts and theatre. Some dramaturges are worried, however, that this growth may slow down, due to a decrease in the number of modern plays being written.
# SmartLynx Airlines Estonia

SmartLynx Airlines Estonia is an Estonian charter airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Latvian SmartLynx Airlines.

## History

The airline commenced operations in 2012 with aircraft from its parent company and since gradually acquired its own fleet. As of June 2015, the subsidiary employed 40 people.

## Fleet

As of February 2025, the SmartLynx Airlines Estonia fleet consists of the following aircraft:
SmartLynx Airlines Estonia fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| Airbus A320-200 | 8 | — | 180 | |
| Total | 8 | — | | |

## Accidents and incidents
### SmartLynx Estonia Flight 9001

On 28 February 2018, a SmartLynx Estonia Airbus A320-214 (registered ES-SAN) whilst operating for SmartLynx Estonia Flight 9001, was a training flight for 4 new student pilots. Aboard the flight was also an Instructor, a second pilot and an Estonian Civil Aviation Administration inspector. The flight had to do five touch-and-go landing cycles and two full-stop landings for each student. While one of the student pilots was controlling the aircraft during takeoff, they lifted the side-stick back; however, the aircraft ceased to respond. It soon gained altitude but thereafter rapidly lost elevation, and engine 2 hit the runway and again gained altitude and climbed to 1590 ft, and subsequently pitched down again. The aircraft also was not responding to several flight inputs. Pilots used manual pitch trim and engine thrust to stabilize the flight path and make a turn back to the runway. Shortly after, engine 2 flamed out and failed; and, during final approach, engine 1 also flamed out and failed. The safety pilot recognized the problem in time, and the instructor took control from the trainee. The aircraft touched down hard 150 metres (490 ft) from the runway. No one aboard was killed; however, there was severe damage to the aircraft, and it was subsequently written off.
Investigation later found that the accident was caused by a combination of factors which contributed to the accident.
* A part of the plane that helps control its movement (THSA) wasn’t working properly because of the wrong oil used. This caused a loss of control by the plane’s elevator and aileron computers (ELACs). The plane’s maintenance didn’t include a check of a safety device (OVM), which might have let this problem go unnoticed.
* There was a design issue in another computer (SEC) which caused a loss of control when there was a temporary issue with the left landing gear. Not having ground spoilers ready for landing during training may have contributed to this problem.
* The training instructor decided to keep flying despite the repetitive warning messages from the ELAC. There weren’t clear rules for training flights and there was pressure to finish the training.
# Nevada Staats-Zeitung

The Nevada Staats-Zeitung was a weekly German language newspaper in Virginia City, Nevada that was published from 1864 to 1875, during the Comstock silver rush. Editions were four pages and published on Saturdays. The editor of the newspaper was German Jewish journalist, rabbi, and politician Herman Milton Bien. The paper was politically Republican.
# Ständchen, WAB 84.2

"Ständchen" ("Serenade"), WAB 84.2, is a Lied composed by Anton Bruckner in c. 1846.

## History

Bruckner composed this serenade, which he dedicated to Mrs. Schlager, the wife of the mayor of St. Florian, during the beginning of his stay in St. Florian. For the composition Bruckner used a text, which he had already used for the unfinished lied Wie des Bächleins Silberquelle, WAB 84.1.
It is not known when the piece was performed. The work, of which the original manuscript is stored in the archive of the Liedertafel Frohsinn, was first issued in Band II/2, pp. 61–64 of the Göllerich/Auer biography. It was thereafter issued in 1954, together with Sternschnuppen, in the Chorblattreihe of Robitschek, Vienna. It is issued in Band XXIII/2, No. 3 of the Gesamtausgabe.

## Text

Ständchen is using a text of an unknown author (possibly Ernst Marinelli).
| Wie des Bächleins Silberquelle Ruhig durch die Fluren bricht Und des Mondes goldne Helle Freundlich uns zum Herzen spricht: Wandle froh durchs Leben weiter, Frei von Kummer und von Leid, Jeder Tag beginne heiter Und entflieh' mit Seligkeit. | As the creek's silvery source Breaks calmly through the fields And the moon's golden light Speaks friendly to our heart: Walk happily through your further life, Free from sorrow and pain, May each day begin cheerfully And end in blessedness. |

## Music

The 29-bar long work in 6/8 is in G major. It is scored for TTBB quartet and tenor soloist. During the first 18 bars the text is sung by the tenor soloist with accompaniment of humming voices. From bar 19, the second part (Wandle froh durchs Leben weiter) is sung again by the men's quartet.

## Discography

There is a single recording of Bruckner's Ständchen:
* Thomas Kerbl, Quartet of the Männerchorvereinigung Bruckner 12, Michael Nowak (tenor), Weltliche Männerchöre – CD: LIVA 054, 2012
# Marcello Lante della Rovere

Marcello Lante della Rovere (1561 – 19 April 1652) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal appointed Dean and Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals.

## Family and early life

Lante was born 1561, the son of Ludovico Lante of the Dukes Della Rovere and M. Lavinia Maffei. His sister was married to Pope Paul V's brother and his nephew was Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere who became Duke of Bomarzo
As a young man he was named cleric and then auditor-general of the Apostolic Chamber of Pope Clement VIII.

## Ecclesiastic career

He was elevated to Cardinal on 11 September 1606 and installed as Cardinal-Priest at the church of Santi Quirico e Giulitta. In December of that same year he was elected Bishop of Todi where he served for until 1625. On 14 Jan 1607, he was consecrated bishop by Pope Paul V with Ottavio Paravicini, Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Alessio, and Carlo Conti, Bishop of Ancona e Numana, serving as co-consecrators.
Participated in the Papal conclave of 1621 and then the conclave of 1623 which elected Pope Urban VIII. During Urban's pontificate he was appointed to a number of Church administrative positions including Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1625 to 1626) before being appointed Dean of the College of Cardinals in time to preside over the conclave of 1644 which elected Urban's successor, Pope Innocent X.
For a year, in 1629, he served at Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina and later that year he was appointed Bishop of Frascati and served for 10 years until being appointed Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1639.
Lante died on 18 April 1652 and was buried at the San Nicola da Tolentino agli Orti Sallustiani.

## References and notes

* 1 2 3 Cheney, David M. "Marcello Cardinal Lante della Rovere". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018. $^{[self-published]}$
* ↑ Miranda, Salvador. "LANTE, Marcello (1561-1652)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
Catholic Church titles :
| Preceded byLucio Sassi | Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quirico e Giulitta 1606–1628 | Succeeded byGregorio Naro |
| Preceded byAngelo Cesi | Bishop of Todi 1606–1625 | Succeeded byLodovico Cinci |
| Preceded byFrançois d'Escoubleau de Sourdis | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede 1628–1629 | Succeeded byRoberto Ubaldini |
| Preceded byDomenico Ginnasi | Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina 1629 | Succeeded byPier Paolo Crescenzi |
| Preceded byGiovanni Garzia Mellini | Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati 1629–1639 | Succeeded byGiulio Savelli |
| Preceded byCarlo Emmanuele Pio di Savoia | Cardinal-Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina 1639–1641 | Succeeded byPier Paolo Crescenzi |
| Preceded byCarlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia | Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia e Velletri 1641–1652 | Succeeded byGiulio Roma |
| Records |||
| Preceded byrançois de La Rochefoucauld | Oldest living Member of the Sacred College 14 February 1643 - 19 April 1652 | Succeeded byAlfonso de la Cueva Benavides y Mendoza-Carillo |
# Stobo Castle

Stobo Castle is located at Stobo in the Scottish Borders, in the former county of Peeblesshire. The Manor of Stobo was originally owned by the Balfour family. It became the family seat of the Graham-Montgomery Baronets from 1767. The building of the present castle began in 1805 and was completed in 1811 under the supervision of architects Archibald and James Elliot. It is currently operated as a health spa. The house is protected as a category A listed building, while the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant parks and gardens.

## History

Stobo Castle is the seat of the barony of Stobo, a feudal lordship that was created in 1577 with origins dating back to the twelfth century.
In 1650 (together with Dawyck House) Stobo estate was the first in Scotland to introduce the non-native species of horse chestnut.
A tower house, known as Hill House, formerly stood on the site of Stobo Castle. The Stobo estate was owned by the Murrays of Tweedsmuir around 1750. In 1767, the Stobo estate and its barony were bought by James Montgomery, a judge who served as Lord Advocate and Lord Chief Baron of the Scottish Exchequer from 1775. He was created a Baronet in 1801. On his death in 1803, his son James inherited the estate, and commissioned a new house from the architect James Elliot (brother and partner of Archibald Elliot). Stobo Castle was constructed between 1805 and 1811 in a castellated style. In 1849, the porte-cochère was added by Sir Graham Graham-Montgomery, 3rd Baronet, to a design by John Lessels. Sir Graham also had the grounds redesigned by John Hay in 1872.
In 1905, Stobo was sold to the English cricketer Hylton Philipson. A keen gardener, Philipson laid out the Japanese-influenced water gardens and terraces, and formed three large lakes on the estate. In 1939, after Philipson's death, the estate was sold again to Wenefryde Scott, 10th Countess of Dysart.
In the post-war years, the estate was subdivided, and the contents of the house were auctioned by Sotheby's in April 1972. Stobo Castle was purchased in 1975 by the Winyard family, who established a health resort. A large extension, incorporating new hotel rooms and a swimming pool, was opened in 2003.
As a result of these property disposals, the barony of Stobo is now held independently of ownership of either the castle or its surrounding lands (the Stobo Estate).
In late 2020, the 3,884-acre Stobo Estate was put up for sale with an asking price of £12 million. It was subsequently sold in seven lots and broken up.
# Plegma caelatura

Plegma caelatura is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Euconulidae. This species is endemic to Réunion.
# Medway scene

The Medway scene consists of the bands and related cultural activities of the Medway Towns, north Kent, England. Main towns involved (from West to East) are Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham, and Rainham. The Medway scene is typically dated from the punk era of the late 1970s, when the presence of the Medway College of Design (later Kent Institute of Art & Design and now UCA Rochester) influenced a "vibrant art, poetry and music scene."

## History

Of Medway musicians, the best known is Billy Childish (from Chatham) who formed punk band The Pop Rivets in the late 1970s, and later formed The Milkshakes, Thee Mighty Caesars, Thee Headcoats, The Buff Medways, The Musicians of the British Empire and The Chatham Singers, among others. His inspiration has led to many other bands forming who now have a worldwide cult following. Other notable bands include The Prisoners, The Dentists, The Claim and Thee Headcoatees. The music often draws heavily on the tradition of garage/punk/rock'n roll/raw-blues music from the 1950s and 1960s, hence references to the "Medway Delta". Records have been released on Big Beat, Media Burn and other small indie labels, as well as Childish's own Hangman Records and Hangman's Daughter, and latterly Damaged Goods Records.
# Jack Henderson (actor)

David John Henderson (14 May 1877 – 1 January 1957) was an American silent film actor.
Jack Henderson was born on 14 May 1877 or 1878 in Syracuse, New York.
Henderson acted with Charlie Chaplin at Essanay Studios in Los Angeles from October 1915, and continued with him at Mutual.
Henderson died on 1 January 1957 in New York City.

## Partial filmography

* Burlesque on Carmen (1915)
* A Dash of Courage (1916)
* A Royal Rogue (1917)
* Scars and Bars (1918)
* Hearts in Hock (1919)
* A Roman Scandal (1919)
* Jiggs in Society (1920)
* The Phantom Fortune (1923)
* The Foolish Virgin (1924)
* Lightning Bill (1926)
* A Captain's Courage (1926)
* Thunderbolt's Tracks (1927)
* Tracked (1928)
* Taking a Chance (1928)
* Little Men (1940)
# New Buffalo Times

The New Buffalo Times is a source of information on news and events in the city of New Buffalo and surrounding New Buffalo Township, plus other communities within the Harbor Country region of southwestern Berrien County, Michigan. It is a weekly newspaper published each Thursday.
The Times is one of three weekly newspapers serving the inhabitants of Harbor Country, the others being Harbor Country News and The South County Gazette.

## History

The New Buffalo Times was founded by Vilma Roumell in 1942. The paper focussed mainly on real estate and targeted individuals looking to vacation in New Buffalo and Berrien County. She sold the paper in 1978 to Robert Zonka who was an assistant managing editor of the Chicago Sun-Times. Zonka cut back on the real estate section and brought in a Journalistic perspective. Zonka died in 1985 and his friend John McHugh took over. They sold the times a year later to Mike Miller, a native of New Buffalo. Miller made many changes to the paper during his time. As an effort to connect the paper to the community, Miller incorporated letters from the readers to voice their complaints and suggestions for local events.
Miller's wife Mary Beth Moriarty took over the paper in 1992. She took the paper in a different direction. She turned it into a hometown weekly newspaper. She was invested in the community and used the newspaper as a platform to help New Buffalo. She wrote about the community and local events. Moriarty starting writing about the boy scouts and Miss New Buffalo. She included local elections and even added local birthdays. She met with the New Buffalo city council to move the legal advertising to the Harbor Country News.
In 2012, Moriarty sold the paper to Dee Dee Duhn. Duhn had worked for Custom Imports for many years and was in love with New Buffalo. Duhn aimed to reorganize the paper and take it down a new path. She brought on a new team to help her out. She included a section on sports and distanced the paper from journalistic stories. She increased the number of advertisements featured on the paper and trimmed down the amount of content the paper featured. Duhn focused on how good the town was and stayed away from controversial stories. On June 21, 2018, Dee Dee Duhn announced her retirement from the Times. She will continue to be a consultant of the paper. Duhn gave the paper to her editor Kristin Fatouros. The paper is located in the same building as Duhn's Custom Imports.

## Coverage

The New Buffalo Times has feature stories, local scoops, and events. They maintain weekly sports and obituary sections as well. They have sections on real estate, a horoscope, and classified ads. The paper features mostly local events and occasionally includes producer notes from Duhn. The paper consists mostly of advertisements for local businesses and events.
The paper covers all of New Buffalo as well as Chicago, Long Beach, Michiana Shores, Grand Beach, Union Pier, Three Oaks, Lakeside, Harbert, and Sawyer.
# 1991 Benson and Hedges Open

The 1991 Benson and Hedges Open was a men's professional tennis tournament held in Auckland, New Zealand. The even was part of the World Series category of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 24th edition of the tournament and was played on outdoor hard courts from 7 January to 14 January 1991. Fourth-seeded Karel Nováček won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Karel Nováček defeated Jean-Philippe Fleurian 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$
* It was Nováček's 1st title of the year and the 4th of his career.

### Doubles

Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez defeated Grant Connell / Glenn Michibata 4–6, 6–3, 6–4
* It was Casal's 1st title of the year and the 33rd of his career. It was Sánchez's 1st title of the year and the 45th of his career.
# Adolfo Aldana

Adolfo Aldana Torres (born 5 January 1966) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder.
Over 11 seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 179 matches and 31 goals, mainly with Real Madrid and Deportivo with which he won a total of nine major titles.

## Club career

Aldana was born in San Roque, Province of Cádiz, Andalusia. Brought through the ranks of La Liga powerhouse Real Madrid, he found opportunities hard to come by as he was mainly barred in the starting XI by legendary Míchel. However, he still managed to produce with limited playing time at the club – for instance, in the 1989–90 season, in a final league title, he scored five goals in only 13 matches – and left Real with 97 official appearances, a departure which coincided with the signing of Sporting de Gijón's Luis Enrique.
Aldana signed with up-and-coming Deportivo de La Coruña in 1992, and reached international status at the Galicians while an instrumental figure in the side's lineups, partnering Fran and Mauro Silva in midfield. A serious knee injury would also leave him out of action for the entirety of his second year.
Aldana closed out his career following two years at RCD Espanyol (which included another campaign away from the pitches due to physical problems) and one with CP Mérida (Segunda División), retiring at the age of 33.

## International career

Aldana earned four caps for Spain over a one-year span. His debut came on 24 February 1993 in a 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Lithuania, at Seville: brought from the bench, he scored the last goal in the 5–0 win, but his injury at Deportivo eventually prevented a selection for the final stages.
After obtaining his coaching degree, Aldana eventually became manager of the Andalusia autonomous team. His first match in charge was on 27 December 2007, in a 4–1 friendly victory over Zambia at the Estadio Municipal de Chapín.

### International goal

    Score and result list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after Aldana goal.
International goal scored by Adolfo Aldana :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 24 February 1993 | Benito Villamarín, Seville, Spain | Lithuania | 5–0 | 5–0 | 1994 World Cup qualification |

## Honours

Real Madrid
* La Liga: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90
* Copa del Rey: 1988–89
* Supercopa de España: 1990
Deportivo
* Copa del Rey: 1994–95
* Supercopa de España: 1995
# Animals (Nickelback song)

"Animals" is a song by Canadian rock band Nickelback. It was released in November 2005 as the second American single from their fifth studio album, All the Right Reasons (2005). In Australia, the song was released as the album's fourth single in mid-2006. "Animals" reached number one on the US Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and number 27 in Australia.

## Content

"Animals" is a fast-paced rock song. The song features lyrics about a couple having sex in a car, with their sexual interaction compared to "animals", until the couple are discovered by the woman's father.

## Charts

| Chart (2005–2006) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 27 |
| Canada Rock Top 30 (Radio & Records) | 2 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 97 |
| US Alternative Airplay (Billboard) | 16 |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||