# Seine-et-Marne

Seine-et-Marne (French pronunciation: ) is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.

## History

Seine-et-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created on 4 March 1790 during the French Revolution in application of the law of 22 December 1789. It had previously belonged to the former province of Île-de-France. It is the only original departement in the Île-de-France that has remained unchanged, as both Seine and Seine-et-Oise were abolished and reorganised in 1968.

## Geography
### Situation

Seine-et-Marne forms a part of the Île-de-France region; the department covers 49% of the region's land area. It is bordered by Val-d'Oise, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne, Essonne to the west; Loiret and Yonne to the south; Aube and Marne to the east; and Aisne and Oise to the north. It is served by RER A, RER B, RER D and RER E amongst other services.
Melun is Seine-et-Marne's prefecture. Fontainebleau, Meaux, Provins and Torcy are its subprefectures. The department comprises part of Paris's outer eastern suburbs; much of Charles de Gaulle Airport sits within its far northwestern boundaries, including a majority of the terminals. The department has many natural reserves, notably Brie and Gâtinais. The department's highest point is butte Saint-George (215 m).

### Principal towns

The most populous commune is Meaux; the prefecture Melun is the third-most populous. As of 2019, there are 17 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants. The 10 most populous communes are:
| Commune | Population (2019) |
| Meaux | 55,750 |
| Chelles | 55,154 |
| Melun | 40,844 |
| Pontault-Combault | 37,617 |
| Savigny-le-Temple | 29,987 |
| Bussy-Saint-Georges | 26,597 |
| Villeparisis | 26,580 |
| Champs-sur-Marne | 25,654 |
| Roissy-en-Brie | 22,851 |
| Dammarie-lès-Lys | 22,128 |

### Climate

Seine-et-Marne has a temperate Atlantic climate. The average rainfall is based upon that of Fontainebleau, giving an average rainfall of 650 mm (25.6 in), which is higher than the average of Île-de-France: 600 mm (23.6 in). Average temperature in Melun during the 1953–2002 period was 3.2 °C (37.8 °F) for January and 18.6 °C (65.5 °F) for July.
The storm of 26 December 1999 led to five deaths in Seine-et-Marne and caused several trees to fall.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1801 | 299,160 | — |
| 1806 | 304,263 | +0.34% |
| 1831 | 323,881 | +0.25% |
| 1841 | 333,311 | +0.29% |
| 1851 | 345,076 | +0.35% |
| 1861 | 352,312 | +0.21% |
| 1872 | 341,490 | −0.28% |
| 1881 | 348,991 | +0.24% |
| 1891 | 356,747 | +0.22% |
| 1901 | 358,325 | +0.04% |
| 1911 | 363,561 | +0.15% |
| 1921 | 349,234 | −0.40% |
| 1931 | 406,108 | +1.52% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1936 | 409,311 | +0.16% |
| 1946 | 407,137 | −0.05% |
| 1954 | 453,438 | +1.36% |
| 1962 | 524,486 | +1.84% |
| 1968 | 604,340 | +2.39% |
| 1975 | 755,762 | +3.25% |
| 1982 | 887,112 | +2.32% |
| 1990 | 1,078,166 | +2.47% |
| 1999 | 1,197,673 | +1.17% |
| 2006 | 1,273,488 | +0.88% |
| 2011 | 1,338,427 | +1.00% |
| 2016 | 1,397,665 | +0.87% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Sources: :
People from Seine-et-Marne are known as the Seine-et-Marnais.
Originally Seine-et-Marne was very rural and lightly populated. Over the past 50 years, however, its population has tripled, due to the development of the Paris conurbation and the building of new towns in the northwest of the region. The population was estimated to be 1,267,496 inhabitants in 2006. The region has changed from consisting only of small villages to forming a large part of the Paris conurbation.
Seine-et-Marne as a whole shares a sister city relationship with Orlando, Florida, United States, as both host Disney theme parks.
Place of birth of residents of Seine-et-Marne in 1999 :
| Born in metropolitan France | Born outside metropolitan France | Born outside metropolitan France | Born outside metropolitan France | Born outside metropolitan France |
| 86.6% | 13.4% | 13.4% | 13.4% | 13.4% |
| 86.6% | Born in overseas France | Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth$^1$ | EU-15 immigrants$^2$ | Non-EU-15 immigrants |
| 86.6% | 1.4% | 2.3% | 3.8% | 5.9% |
| $^1$ This group is made up largely of former French settlers, such as pieds-noirs in Northwest Africa, followed by former colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French colonies), as well as to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. A foreign country is understood as a country not part of France in 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics. $^2$ An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. |||||

## Economy

With 60 percent of the region used as farmland, Seine-et-Marne is where most agricultural activity occurs within Île-de-France. Cereals and sugar beet are the principal exports from Seine-et-Marne.
The other key industrial structures are the refinery at Grandpuits and the Safran Aircraft Engines research plant at Villaroche. The new town of Marne-la-Vallée is the centre of tourism in Seine-et-Marne in terms of number of visitors, mainly due to the Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park theme parks at Disneyland Paris.

## Politics
### Presidential elections 2nd round

| Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % |
| 2022 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 56.98 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 43.02 |
| 2017 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 63.86 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 36.14 |
| 2012 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 50.75 | François Hollande | PS | 49.25 |
| 2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 56.25 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 43.75 |
| 2002 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 80.64 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 19.36 |
| 1995 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 55.07 | Lionel Jospin | PS | 44.93 |

### Departmental Council of Seine-et-Marne

The Departmental Council of Seine-et-Marne has 46 seats. Councillors are elected for six-year terms (no term limits) across the department's 23 cantons (two per canton). Since 2021, Jean-François Parigi of The Republicans (LR) has served as President of the Departmental Council.

### National representation

In the National Assembly, Seine-et-Marne is represented by:
| Constituency | Member | Party |
| Seine-et-Marne's 1st constituency | Aude Luquet | Democratic Movement |
| Seine-et-Marne's 2nd constituency | Valérie Lacroute | The Republicans |
| Seine-et-Marne's 3rd constituency | Jean-Louis Thiériot | Union of Democrats and Independents |
| Seine-et-Marne's 4th constituency | Christian Jacob | The Republicans |
| Seine-et-Marne's 5th constituency | Patricia Lemoine | Agir |
| Seine-et-Marne's 6th constituency | Jean-François Parigi | The Republicans |
| Seine-et-Marne's 7th constituency | Rodrigue Kokouendo | La République En Marche! |
| Seine-et-Marne's 8th constituency | Jean-Michel Fauvergue | La République En Marche! |
| Seine-et-Marne's 9th constituency | Michèle Peyron | La République En Marche! |
| Seine-et-Marne's 10th constituency | Stéphanie Do | La République En Marche! |
| Seine-et-Marne's 11th constituency | Olivier Faure | Socialist Party |
In the Senate, Seine-et-Marne is represented by:
* Anne Chain-Larché (The Republicans), since 2015
* Pierre Cuypers (The Republicans), since 2016
* Arnaud de Belenet (La République En Marche!), since 2017
* Vincent Éblé (Socialist Party), since 2011
* Colette Mélot (Agir), since 2004
* Claudine Thomas (The Republicans), since 2017

## Tourism

* Bilboquet rock formation in the forest of Fontainebleau
* Throne Room in the Palace of Fontainebleau
* Château-Landon
* The walls of the medieval city of Provins
* Gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte
* Knights Templar's commandry in Coulommiers
* Disneyland Paris