OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ludwik Witold Paszkiewicz

Ludwik Paszkiewicz DFC (21 October 1907 – 27 September 1940) was a Polish fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II with 6 confirmed kills.

## Biography

Ludwik Paszkiewicz was born in 1907, the son of Ludwik and Janina. He studied at the Warsaw University of Technology then at the Lviv Polytechnic. In 1931 after his graduation he began military service. After completing Cadet Reserve course in Mołodeczno, Paszkiewicz entered the Polish Air Force Academy. On 4 August 1934 he was promoted to second lieutenant (podporucznik). Then he was assigned to the Polish 112th Fighter Escadrille. In 1937, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant (porucznik). The same year, he married Maria Piwnicka, and one year later their daughter was born.
In 1939, he became commander of his unit. In August, he went to France with a military mission in order to buy aircraft, where the outbreak of the World War II found him. On 18 May 1940, Paszkiewicz became commander of the new formed section of the Groupe de Chasse II/8. In the Battle of Britain, the section made 33 flights, but never met the enemy.
On 21 June 1940, Paskiewicz arrived in the UK. On 2 August, he was posted to No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron. On 30 August, during a training flight, he disobeyed orders and shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 110 fighter. He was officially reprimanded and unofficially congratulated by his superior officer. After S/L Kellet's personal recommendation, the squadron was declared operational next day by No. 11 Group RAF. His victory was portrayed in the movie Battle of Britain.
On 6 September, he became the commander of Flight B, when Wacław Łapkowski, the previous commander was wounded. The next day, Paszkiewicz downed two Dornier Do 17 light bombers. On 11 September, he shot down another Bf 110 and on 15 September he became an ace shooting down a Bf 109 fighter.
On 26 September, during the visit of King George VI, No. 303 Squadron was scrambled towards a large enemy raid over Hampshire, Paszkiewicz claimed a Heinkel He 111 bomber.
On 27 September, Paszkiewicz was hit by a Bf 109 and died in a crash-landing in Borough Green, Kent. He was buried at Northwood Cemetery, Middlesex.
His only daughter died of diphtheria in 1941. His widow took part in the Warsaw Uprising. In 1960, she entered the convent of the Immaculate Conception in Szymanów, where she was named Augustyna. She died in 1995.

## Memorials

A memorial stone dedicated to Paszkiewicz was unveiled in 2018, at Crowhurst Farm in Borough Green, by Shoreham Aircraft Museum, close to where he was shot down.

## Aerial victory credits

* Bf 110 – 30 August 1940 (during a training flight; Bf 110 flown by Oberfw. Georg Anthony, gunner Uffz. Heinrich Nordmeyer jumped with a parachute)
* 2 Do 17 – 7 September 1940
* Bf 110 - 11 September 1940
* Bf 109 - 15 September 1940
* He 111 – 26 September 1940

## Awards

Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross
Cross of Valour (Poland), two times Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
# 1992 NSL First Division
## Table

The 1992 National Soccer League First Division was the eighth edition of the NSL First Division in South Africa. It was won by Kaizer Chiefs.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Relegation |
| 1 | Kaizer Chiefs (C) | 42 | 24 | 12 | 6 | 70 | 22 | +48 | 60 | |
| 2 | Hellenic | 42 | 23 | 11 | 8 | 82 | 39 | +43 | 57 | |
| 3 | Wits University | 42 | 20 | 11 | 11 | 53 | 29 | +24 | 51 | |
| 4 | Orlando Pirates | 42 | 21 | 8 | 13 | 47 | 41 | +6 | 50 | |
| 5 | Jomo Cosmos | 42 | 18 | 11 | 13 | 64 | 49 | +15 | 47 | |
| 6 | Mamelodi Sundowns | 42 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 62 | 49 | +13 | 47 | |
| 7 | Witbank Aces | 42 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 47 | 38 | +9 | 47 | |
| 8 | Lightbody's Santos | 42 | 15 | 17 | 10 | 46 | 41 | +5 | 47 | |
| 9 | Moroka Swallows | 42 | 17 | 11 | 14 | 53 | 46 | +7 | 45 | |
| 10 | Cape Town Spurs | 42 | 13 | 17 | 12 | 47 | 43 | +4 | 43 | |
| 11 | Fairway Stars | 42 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 43 | |
| 12 | Ratanang Mahlosiane | 42 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 43 | |
| 13 | Halls Dynamos | 42 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 53 | 56 | −3 | 43 | |
| 14 | Bloemfontein Celtic | 42 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 54 | 49 | +5 | 41 | |
| 15 | AmaZulu | 42 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 47 | 48 | −1 | 41 | |
| 16 | Pretoria City | 42 | 16 | 7 | 19 | 47 | 53 | −6 | 39 | |
| 17 | Umtata Bush Bucks | 42 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 33 | 42 | −9 | 38 | |
| 18 | Highlands Park | 42 | 13 | 11 | 18 | 36 | 38 | −2 | 37 | |
| 19 | Crusaders United (R) | 42 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 34 | 58 | −24 | 35 | Relegation to NSL Second Division |
| 20 | Vaal Reef Stars (R) | 42 | 12 | 10 | 20 | 32 | 53 | −21 | 34 | Relegation to NSL Second Division |
| 21 | Manning Rangers (R) | 42 | 9 | 11 | 22 | 40 | 58 | −18 | 29 | Relegation to NSL Second Division |
| 22 | Dangerous Darkies (R) | 42 | 1 | 5 | 36 | 27 | 122 | −95 | 7 | Relegation to NSL Second Division |
* ↑ Ratanang Mahlosiane F.C. was purchased by the owners of relegated Manning Rangers following the season. A new club was created with the franchise license located in Chatsworth, KwaZulu-Natal and branded as Chatsworth Rangers F.C.
# Fran Carbià

Francisco 'Fran' Carbià Barrera (born 31 March 1992) is a Spanish footballer who plays mainly as a left winger for Linense.

## Club career

Born in Tarragona, Catalonia, Carbià finished his development with hometown club Gimnàstic de Tarragona. He was promoted to the farm team in 2010, making his debut for the latter in the Tercera División.
Carbià was an unused substitute in a 3–1 Segunda División away win against FC Cartagena on 17 March 2012, and appeared with the main squad in the 2011 and 2012 pre-seasons, although his spell was mainly associated to the reserves. On 8 July 2013, he agreed to a contract with Segunda División B club CF Reus Deportiu.
On 20 November 2015, as his contract was due to expire, Carbià renewed his link until 2017, and contributed four goals in 33 appearances as his side achieved promotion to division two for the first time ever. He made his professional debut on 27 August 2016, starting and scoring the first in a 1–1 home draw against CD Mirandés.
On 16 October 2016, Carbià scored a brace in a 2–0 win at UCAM Murcia CF. Six days later, he closed the 2–1 home victory over CD Lugo, taking his tally up to five in the first 11 matches.
On 28 December 2018, Carbià was one of the five players who left Reus due to unpaid wages. The following 11 January, he signed with FC Dinamo Tbilisi for five months.
Carbiá returned to the Spanish third tier in the summer of 2019, joining UD Ibiza on a two-year deal. The following transfer window, he moved to Gimnàstic de Tarragona in the same league on loan until 30 June. On 2 September 2020, he agreed to a permanent contract at the latter side.
In August 2023, Carbià signed a one-year contract at Real Balompédica Linense, from CF Badalona Futur also in the Segunda Federación.
# Wendy Cearns

Wendy Cearns (née Griffiths, born 25 August 1960) is an English former athlete who competed in the 400 metres hurdles. She won the 1981 UK Championships and 1989 AAA Championships titles, the latter in a lifetime best of 56.05 secs. Representing England she went on to finish fourth at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand.

## Career

As Wendy Griffiths, she finished third at the 1980 UK Championships, before winning the 1981 UK Championships ahead of Sue Morley in 58.51 secs. She went on to finish second behind Morley at the 1982 UK Championships in 58.08 secs, and second behind Gladys Taylor at the 1984 UK Championships, both running 58.2 secs.
Competing as Wendy Cearns, she narrowly missed out on Olympic selection in 1988 after she finished fourth at the AAA Championships (incorporating the Olympic trials) in 57.01, just behind Simone Laidlow who ran 57.00 in third. Cearns then improved her best to 56.85 a week later, to rank number three in the UK for that year behind Sally Gunnell and Elaine McLaughlin. In 1989, she won the AAA Championships title in a lifetime best of 56.05, to rank second in the UK behind Gunnell. She went on to finish fourth in the final at the Commonwealth Games in January 1990.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing England ||||||
| 1990 | Commonwealth Games | Auckland, New Zealand | 4th | 400 m hurdles | 57.53 |
# Tor Baseball Field

Tor Baseball Field (a.k.a. Tors-Whitecaps Field, Whitecaps-Tors Field, Whitecaps Field, GISD/Whitecaps Field) is the home of the Galveston Ball Tornadoes located at 83rd and Stewart Roads on Galveston Island. The field has also been the home of the Galveston College Whitecaps baseball team from 1992 to 2009. However, the Galveston Independent School District took over the field after the 2009 season causing Galveston College to look for a new home. The field was also ravaged by Hurricane Ike in September 2008.
# Lisa Gould

Lisa Green (née Gould; born 27 May 1967) is a British former professional tennis player.
Raised in Billericay, Essex, Gould competed on the professional tour in the 1980s and reached a career high singles ranking of 237 in the world. Most notably she won her first round match at the 1987 Wimbledon Championships, over Cammy MacGregor. She faced Peanut Louie Harper in the second round, with the winner to play top seed Martina Navratilova, but she fell in straight sets.
Gould married South African tennis player Warren Green and later relocated to Sydney, via South Africa. Their son, Chris Green, is a professional cricketer.
# 2014 Irving Tennis Classic

The 2014 Irving Tennis Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which will be part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Irving, United States between 10 and 16 March 2013.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| CAN | Vasek Pospisil | 27 | 1 |
| ARG | Federico Delbonis | 44 | 2 |
| CZE | Lukáš Rosol | 47 | 3 |
| NED | Igor Sijsling | 55 | 4 |
| UZB | Denis Istomin | 56 | 5 |
| RUS | Teymuraz Gabashvili | 60 | 6 |
| KAZ | Andrey Golubev | 70 | 7 |
| IND | Somdev Devvarman | 78 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of March 10, 2014.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Jean Anderson
* Rajeev Ram
* Bobby Reynolds
* Mischa Zverev
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Alex Kuznetsov
* Illya Marchenko
* Rhyne Williams
* Jimmy Wang

## Champions
### Singles

* Lukáš Rosol def. Steve Johnson, 6–0, 6–3

### Doubles

* Santiago González / Scott Lipsky def. John-Patrick Smith / Michael Venus, 4–6, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, [10–7]
# Fagamalo, American Samoa

Fagamalo is a village in American Samoa. It is located on the north shore of Tutuila Island. The village was long only reachable by narrow trails over rugged vertical terrain. The trails were often obscured by brush and seldom traveled because they traversed the thick rain forests. It often required hours of hiking before reaching the village. Route 1 now climbs steeply and winds up to the village of Fagamalo, where the road ends. It is located in Lealataua County in the Western District of Tutuila Island.
The coastline between Fagamalo and Fagasā Bay is a rugged and scenic stretch of shoreline which contains the coastal villages of A'asu and Fagasā. This stretch also contains Sita Bay, a cove which has been home to large colonies of flying foxes. Massacre Bay is where a battle between French sailors and Samoans happened in 1787. Pā Cove is near the village of Fagamalo and is the site of a prehistoric village. It has been noted in Samoan legends.
In 1987, researchers from University of Oregon discovered the site of the legendary village of Ā on a ridge above Fagamalo. Initial tests showed that the site was occupied in 600 BCE, which makes it the oldest known village on the island. The village mayor of Fagamalo was charged with attempted murder in 2005. He was held on a $50,000 bail after allegedly jeopardizing the lives of two fishermen. In 2010, Fagamalo was the first village in American Samoa to create a designated protected marine area.

## Etymology

The name of the village, Fagamalo, is derived from the Samoan language and translates into English as “Conquerors' bay".

## History

The Community-Based Fisheries Program (CFMP) was established in 2000 to promote locally driven marine conservation in American Samoa. This initiative encouraged villages, such as Fagamalo (home to the Fagamalo Village Marine Protected Area), to develop and manage their own marine protection policies. Initially, these protected areas were not legally enforceable under the jurisdiction of the American Samoa Government (ASG). In 2005, a court case challenged the authority of village residents in Fagamalo to enforce CFMP regulations. In response, the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR) proposed legislation to grant legal enforcement authority over Village Marine Protected Areas (VMPAs) to the agency. This legislation was passed in 2008 with the goal of ensuring that the territory's waters remained safe habitats for marine life, thereby supporting the sustainability of fish, shellfish, and other species for the benefit of American Samoa’s residents, future generations, and visitors. By 2016, VMPAs covered approximately 25% of the coral reef areas in American Samoa.

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 2020 | 37 |
| 2010 | 47 |
| 2000 | 39 |
| 1990 | 92 |
| 1980 | 68 |
| 1970 | 62 |
| 1960 | 93 |
# Clou

Clou was a Czech rock band from Prague formed in 2001, who sang in English. They released their debut EP, First, in 2004, and a studio album titled Postcards in 2005. They went on to release three more albums before breaking up in 2014.

## History
### Beginnings: 2001–05

Clou, initially composed of Lukáš Vyhnal (vocals), Radek Tomášek Jr. (drums), Petr Vaško (guitar), Hubert Topinka (guitar), and Brian Yamato (bass), formed in 2001 and began playing hardcore punk, emo, and mainstream punk rock. They played at various club concerts, skateboarding events, and have appeared at the Rock for People festival several times since 2004.
In 2004, they released the three-track EP First. At the turn of 2004–05, Clou went into the studio to record their debut full-length album, Postcards.

### Peak of success: 2005–06

On 21 March 2005, Clou released the album Postcards, which proved to be a great success, especially on the Czech music scene. It included elements of melodic hardcore, punk rock, and pop punk. Thanks to good production, the single "Island Sun" went not only to the top of the Czech charts, but was also played on MTV, where it reached the Top 10 music videos. The album included contributions from Slovak singer Dara Rolins and Kryštof Michal, then-vocalist of Support Lesbiens. Postcards won two Anděl Awards in 2006. Clou's popularity grew rapidly, and they became one of the most sought-after Czech bands, as evidenced by the countless club concerts and open-air festivals they played.
A critical moment in the band's history came in the summer of 2006, when in the middle of a festival tour, bassist Brian B. decided to leave the band. Clou then played several acoustic performances and considered whether to continue or quit. They eventually added bassist Štěpán Farkaš (Měhrot, Jaksi taksi) to their lineup.
At the end of the summer of 2006, Clou was given the opportunity to compose and record several songs for the film Prachy dělaj člověka. Towards the end of the year, the band reentered the studio to record their second album.

### Clou, For Tonight, Old Dogs New Tricks; breakup: 2007–14

Clou's sophomore, self-titled album, was released in 2007. American musician Austin Lucas, who lives in the Czech Republic, helped write the album's lyrics. The band conducted a tour titled Ghosts of November to promote the record, on which they were joined by the bands Selfish, The Prostitutes, and 5 April.
In July 2008, Clou added guitarist Pavel (Rocky) Bureš of 5 April to their roster, and began recording their next album. For Tonight was released in 2008.
In 2012, Clou released their final album, Old Dogs New Tricks, and broke up two years later.

## Band members

* Lukáš "Lukemo" Vyhnal – vocals
* Petr "Petrock" Vaško – guitar
* Radek "Rae" Tomášek Jr. – drums
* Hubert "Hube" Topinka – guitar
* Brian B. (Bugsy) – bass
* Pavel "Rocky" Bureš – guitar
* Štěpán "Steph" Farkaš – bass

## Discography

Studio albums
* Postcards (2005)
* Clou (2007)
* For Tonight (2008)
* Old Dogs New Tricks (2012)
EPs
* First (2004)
Soundtracks
* Prachy dělaj člověka OST (2006)
# Loupe light

Loupe lights are used in conjunction with loupes. They are mainly used in the fields of medicine, dentistry and jewelry. Because loupes magnify a small field of vision, the amount of light that is focused into through the loupe is less than what is seen by just the naked eye. The dimness experienced is negligible for a nonprofessional user, but for professionals who require accuracy and precision and work in a confined area like dentistry, a loupe light provides illumination that will dramatically increase the level of detail he/she can see through loupes.

## Loupe lights in the field of dentistry

Loupe lights have become very advanced, and their use is growing. In the past, they used to be fiber optic and provided little portability in dentistry. Now, with technological advancements, LED loupe lights have become portable and more ergonomic - the lightest loupe light weighs just 3 grams. Loupe lights have decreased in size, become less bulky, are more comfortable to wear and have achieved a level of brightness that is almost blinding. Loupe lights that are corded tend to be much lighter than those that integrate battery packs within the light unit.
A loupe light allows dental practitioners to focus light into the oral cavity without patient discomfort from a bright light. Additionally, it is able to provide shadow-free light for the practitioner since it is mounted directly in between his/her eyes.
# Proceedings of the IEEE

The Proceedings of the IEEE is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The journal focuses on electrical engineering and computer science. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 9.107, ranking it sixth in the category "Engineering, Electrical & Electronic." In 2018, it became fifth with an enhanced impact factor of 10.694.

## History of the Proceedings

The journal was established in 1909, known as the Proceedings of the Wireless Institute. Six issues were published under this banner by Greenleaf Pickard and Alfred Goldsmith. Then in 1911, a merger between the Wireless Institute (New York) and the Society of Wireless Telegraph Engineers (Boston) resulted in a society named the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE).
In January 1913 newly formed IRE published the first issue of the Proceedings of the IRE. Later, a 1000-page special issue commemorated the IRE's fiftieth anniversary in May 1962. One of the founding editors, Alfred Norton Goldsmith, tallied 42 years as the first editor-in-chief. When the IEEE was formed in 1963 as a merger of IRE and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the journal obtained its current name.

## Journal Content

Proceedings of the IEEE provides in-depth review, survey, and tutorial coverage of the technical developments in electronics, electrical and computer engineering, and computer science.
* Reviews critically examine a technology, tracing its progress from its inception to the present—and perhaps into the future.
* Surveys comprehensively view a technology—its applications, issues, ramifications, and potential.
* Tutorials explain the technology and may give practical information for implementing it.
The journal offers applications-oriented coverage that goes beyond the traditional boundaries typically found in other journals.

## Special Issues and Regular Papers

The journal publishes approximately ten Special Issues and two regular paper issues per year.
Special Issues are led by distinguished Guest Editor teams and contain articles from leading experts in the technology area being covered. They serve as a guide to the state-of-the-art and are highly valued by the core research community as well as specialists in other areas.
Regular Paper Issues consist of three to four papers on more focused topics, giving readers background and insight into emerging areas.

## Abstracting and indexing

This journal is indexed by the following services:
* Science Citation Index
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Current Contents / Engineering, Computing & Technology
* Chemical Abstracts Service - CASSI
# Allosmerus

Allosmerus is a monotypic genus of smelt. Its sole species, Allosmerus elongatus, the whitebait smelt, is an uncommon Northeast Pacific smelt, about which little is known. Originally described as both Osmerus attenuatus and O. elongatus, these two species were determined to be conspecific in 1946. The fish can grow from 7–9 inches (18–23 cm) in length, has large eyes, a greenish-gray color on its back, and a silver band along its sides. Unlike most other smelt species which generally have no enlarged teeth in the roof of their mouth, the whitebait has single large tooth in the center of its vomer, which is sometimes flanked by a smaller tooth on either side. The adult males of the species have a longer anal fin.
Their range extends from Vancouver Island to San Francisco, California, although one fish has been found as far south as San Pedro, California, a specimen which may have been released as live bait. Often abundant in bay areas, whitebait are known to spawn on subtidal sandbanks and swim in schools. The fish has fairly minor economic importance; it serves as food for larger fish, and is netted by some fishermen during the spring and summer to be used as bait.