OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Volunteer Combatant's Cross 1914–1918

The Volunteer Combatant's Cross 1914–1918 (French: "Croix du Combattant Volontaire 1914–1918") is a French decoration that recognizes those who volunteered to serve on the front in a combat unit during World War I. When the 1914–1918 Commemorative war medal (France) (French: "Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918") was established, it was anticipated that a clasp bearing the words, "ENGAGÉ VOLONTAIRE" (English: "VOLUNTEER ENLISTEE"), would be worn on its ribbon for those who had freely and voluntarily enlisted in the French Armed Forces for combat service. While the clasp was produced, it was short-lived due to parliament demanding the establishment of a special insignia to distinguish the special merit of the voluntary combatant.
The Act of 4 July 1935 created the Croix du Combattant Volontaire, designated for those who volunteered to serve on the front in a combat unit during the Great War.

## Award statute

The requirements for obtaining the cross were defined by the decree of 28 November 1935.
The qualifications of the candidates have been reviewed by a panel from 1951, twelve members as follows:
* Minister of National Defence: Chairman;
* Secretary of State for War: two members;
* Secretary of State for the Navy: two members;
* Secretary of State for Air: two members;
* Office national des mutilés et combattants: two members;
* Association d'engagés et de combattants volontaires: three members.
The decree of 10 April 1936 extended the award to the few surviving volunteer firefighters from the War of 1870–1871.
The Volunteer combatant's cross 1914–1918 is considered a war decoration during the review of applications for Légion d'honneur, la Médaille militaire and l'Ordre national du Mérite.

## Award description

A cross with four arms in bronze, 36 mm wide. Engraved by Frédéric de Vernon.
On the obverse: a round central medallion with the legend surrounding REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE:
* Effigy of a helmeted Poilu (World War I infantryman), on a sword drawn vertically on the branches
* Of the cross being charged with bay leaves and oak leaves in relief.
On the reverse: inside the central medallion, a branch of laurel is surrounded by the inscription: COMBATTANT VOLONTAIRE 1914–1918.
The cross arms are covered with leaves of laurel and oak forming relief.
A special version was made for the volunteer fighters from the war of 1870–1871 with the dates 1870–1871 on the back replacing those of 1914–1918.
# Al Hilal SC (Kadougli)

Al-Hilal Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الهلال الرياضي) also known as Hilal Kadougli is a football club from Kadougli, Sudan. They play in the top level of Sudanese professional football, the Sudan Premier League.

## Achievements

* Kadougli League
    Champion ( ):

## Current squad (2018-2019)

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | SDN | Amin Tetr |
| 2 | DF | SDN | Abdelhaleim Rabeh |
| 3 | DF | SDN | Awad Elnaeir |
| 4 | DF | SDN | Malik Mohammed |
| 5 | MF | SDN | Abdalhab Ahmed |
| 6 | DF | SDN | Khalid Koria |
| 7 | MF | SDN | Dawood Hassan |
| 8 | DF | SDN | Mohamed Nawai |
| 9 | FW | NGA | Jamie Olago |
| 10 | MF | SSD | Koang Thok Kerjok |
| 11 | MF | SDN | Hamza Adm |
| 12 | FW | SDN | James William |
| 13 | MF | SDN | Khalid Ragab |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 14 | FW | SDN | Kamal Nawi |
| 15 | DF | SDN | Monzer Rahal |
| 16 | GK | SDN | Mohamed Abdallah |
| 17 | DF | SDN | Musharaf Zakria |
| 18 | MF | SDN | Mortada Kabeer |
| 19 | DF | SDN | Saif Eldin Ali Idris Farah |
| 20 | FW | SDN | Mortda Alnor |
| 21 | GK | SDN | Ismail Hassan |
| 22 | MF | SDN | Yahia Adm |
| 23 | FW | SDN | Omer Almela |
# 1961 Turkish presidential election

The 1961 Turkish presidential election was the election to elect the fourth President of Turkey. In the election held on October 26, 1961, 607 out of 638 deputies participated in the voting. The Chairman of the National Unity Committee, Cemal Gürsel, was elected to the Presidency with 434 votes in the first round.

## Election

| Candidates | Candidates | Political party | Votes | % |
| | Cemal Gürsel | Independent | 434 | 68 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 173 | 32 |
| Total | Total | Total | 607 | 100 |
| Total MP/turnout | Total MP/turnout | Total MP/turnout | 638 | 95.1 |
# Keith Lee (American football)

Keith Lamar Lee (born December 22, 1957) is an American former professional football defensive back who played five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New England Patriots and Indianapolis Colts. He was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the fifth round of the 1980 NFL draft. He first enrolled at Santa Monica Community College before transferring to Colorado State University.

## Early life and college

Keith Lamar Lee was born on December 22, 1957, in San Antonio, Texas. He attended Gardena High School in Los Angeles.
Lee played college football at Santa Monica Community College from 1976 to 1977 and earned junior college All-American honors.
He lettered for the Colorado State Rams from 1978 to 1979 as a quarterback. He completed 51 of 122 passes (41.8%) for 703 yards, seven touchdowns, and eight interceptions in 1978 while also rushing 126 times for 392 yards and four touchdowns. In 1979, Lee totaled 77 of 166 pass completions (46.4%) for 993 yards, four touchdowns, and eight interceptions, and 137 carries for 200 yards and three touchdowns. He was elected the Colorado State University student body vice president his senior year, becoming the first black student in school history to hold a student government position.

## Professional career

Lee was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the 5th round, with the 129th overall pick, of the 1980 NFL draft as a defensive back. He was placed on injured reserve on August 21, 1980, and spent the entire season there. He was released the next year on August 25, 1981.
Lee signed with the New England Patriots on August 28, 1981. He played in 15 games, starting six, during the 1981 season, recording one interception and two kick returns for 20 yards. He appeared in nine games, starting two, in 1982 and returned one kick for 14 yards. He also played in one playoff game, a start, that year, recovering one fumble. Lee played in 15 games in 1983, totaling four kick returns for 40 yards, one punt return for no yards, one fumble, and two fumble recoveries. He appeared in 15 games for the second straight season in 1984, returning three kicks for 43 yards. Lee was released by the Patriots on August 19, 1985.
Lee was signed by the Indianapolis Colts on September 12, 1985, and played in 14 games for the Colts that season, accumulating one sack and one kick return for six yards. He retired on July 26, 1986.

## Post-playing career

After retiring from the NFL, Lee has been a speaker, consultant, and board member for many different organizations, including a stint as the Chief Operating Officer of the National Consortium for Academics and Sports. He has written an op-ed for The New York Times and also appeared on televisions shows such as Nightline, ESPN, and ABC Nightly News to address various issues in sports. He was awarded the Anti-Defamation League's "World of Difference Award" in 1991.
# Nuclear Blast All-Stars: Out of the Dark

Out of the Dark is a two disc compilation album from Nuclear Blast Records to commemorate their 20 years as a record label. Produced by Peter Wichers, who is also the only songwriter on the album, it features a variable collection of "All Stars" much in the same vein as Roadrunner United. The album includes 11 different singers, with Wichers playing bass and guitar, and drums by Dirk Verbeuren and Henry Ranta. It also includes a second disc which includes 10 songs from thrash metal, death metal and black metal bands signed to Nuclear Blast. While its "twin" album Into the Light focuses more on the power metal side of the label, Out of the Dark is rather devoted to the genre of melodic death metal.

## Track listing
### Disc 1

All music is composed by Peter Wichers from Soilwork

### Disc 2

* Dimmu Borgir – The Heretic Hammer (US Bonus "In Sorte Diaboli") (04:38)
* Immortal – Tyrants (06:18)
* Nile – As He Creates, So He Destroys (04:38)
* Exodus – Purge the World (Japan Bonus "Shovel Headed Kill Machine") (04:02)
* Anthrax - Ghost (01:56)
* Meshuggah – Futile Bread Machine (Campfire Version) (Taken from "The True Human Design" EP) (03:30)
* Chimaira - Kingdom of Heartache (Japan Bonus "Resurrection") (04:09)
* All Shall Perish – Prisoner of War (04:44)
* Agnostic Front – All is Not Forgotten (01:55)
* Threat Signal – Counterbalance (05:39)
Total length: 41:22

### Nuclear Blast America Version

* Track 1 on disc 2 is Dimmu Borgir - "The Ancestral Fever" (European Bonus "In Sorte Diaboli") (05:51)
* Track 5 on disc 2 is Bleed the Sky - "The Martyr" (05:51)
* Track 7 on disc 2 is EPICA - "Replica" (Fear Factory cover) (04:10)

## Personnel

* Peter Wichers - bass, guitars, keyboards
* Henry Ranta - drums (1, 2, 5, 6, 8)
* Dirk Verbeuren - drums (3, 4, 7, 9, 10)
* Mattias Nilsson - shakers, tambourine (5)
# Dying of Everything

Dying of Everything is the eleventh studio album by American death metal band Obituary.
Music videos were made for "The Wrong Time", "Dying of Everything" and "Barley Alive".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Blabbermouth.net | 8.5/10 |
| Kerrang! | |
| MetalSucks | 4/5 |
| Metal Injection | 9/10 |
| Rock Hard | 9.0/10 |
With respect to the album, Blabbermouth.net stated that "these ten new songs smash, kick and slay with admirable levels of vehemence and viciousness, as if OBITUARY have reawakened the virile, fearless spirit of their younger selves".
Dan Slessor of Kerrang! indicated that "Dying Of Everything does not match or beat its predecessor, but that is not to say that it is lacking in any department, for it is a crushing slab of the dark'n'hard stuff executed with merciless precision and delivered with a killer mix".

## Personnel
### Obituary

* John Tardy – vocals, co-production, recording
* Trevor Peres – guitars, co-production, recording
* Ken Andrews Jr. – guitars, co-production, recording
* Terry Butler – bass, co-production, recording
* Donald Tardy – drums, co-production, recording

### Additional contributors

* Joe Cincotta – production, mixing
* Brad Boatright – mastering
* Mariusz Lewandowski – album art
* Jacob Speis – album layout design
* David Austin – solo on "By the Dawn"
# Gaetano Moroni

Gaetano Moroni (17 October 1802, Rome – 3 November 1883, Rome) was an Italian writer on the history and contemporary structure of the Catholic Church and an official of the papal court in Rome. He was the author of the well-known Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica (Dictionary of historical-ecclesiastical learning).

## Biography

He received his early education from the Brothers of the Christian Schools at Rome. Apprenticed later to a barber, his duties frequently took him to the Camaldolese Monastery of Saint Gregory the Great on the Coelian Hill. The prior there, Dom Mauro Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam., and several of the monks recognized his exceptional gifts, and made use of him in a quasi-secretarial capacity. When Cappellari became a cardinal he made Moroni his chamberlain, and when he became Pope Gregory XVI, he employed Moroni to serve as his First Assistant of the Chamber, employing him also as his private secretary. In that capacity Moroni personally wrote over 100,000 letters during his lifetime. Moroni also later served Pope Pius IX as an Assistant of the Chamber.
Among the books of the monastery and of the cardinal, as well as from conversations with learned people, Moroni acquired a vast store of information. He also gradually collected a considerable private library bearing on ecclesiastical questions, while he made notes from daily papers and from other publications for his own instruction. The subsequent arrangement of these notes in order suggested to him the idea of turning his labours to the benefit of the public, an idea which he realized in the Dictionary, a mine of interesting data and authoritative in matters concerning the Pontifical Court, the organization of the Curia and the Church, and the administration of the Papal States. In matters of history, it depends on the writers whom its author consulted. It is, however, not a well-ordered or homogeneous work, but these defects may be readily forgiven since its author did his work alone, without real collaboration, and wrote at times sixteen hours a day.
Moroni was also the author of official articles on papal ceremonies, the journeys of the popes, etc. During the conclaves of 1829 and 1831, he wrote the Giornale storico-politico-eremoniale delle sede vacante e il conclave per l'elezione di Pio VIII e Gregorio XVI, which, like others of his writings remained unpublished. As a member of the household of Pope Gregory XVI, Moroni was the object of much sectarian hatred. He was a friend of many cardinals, including Wiseman, and of other illustrious men. In the index of the Dictionary, he indicates the various passages of the work which speak of himself, and which thus constitute a kind of autobiography.
# Mike Dechaine

Mike Dechaine (born May 30, 1987 in Waterville, Maine) is an American professional pool player. Dechaine began playing pool aged 11, representing the USA on four occasions at the Mosconi Cup.

## Titles

* 2025 Maine 9-Ball Open
* 2024 Maine 9-Ball Open
* 2018 Super Billiards Expo Players Championship
* 2017 Gotham City Pro 9-Ball Classic
* 2012 Turning Stone Classic
* 2011 Ultimate 10-Ball Championship
* 2009 World Summit of Pool
# Cahuarano language

Cahuarano is an extinct indigenous American language of the Zaparoan family, once spoken along the Nanay River in Peru. The last speaker died in the late 1980s or early 1990s. While considered a language by most scholars, it was considered by some to be a dialect of Iquito.
Its speakers, who were of the Moracano tribe, lived north of the Nanay River northwest of Iquitos. In 1930, Günther Tessmann [de; es] estimated the language's number of speakers to be around 1,000, while linguist Gustavo Solís gave the number 5 in 1987.
# 1899 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1899 was the 13th series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Tipperary won the championship, beating Wexford 3-12 to 1–4 in the final.

## Format

All-Ireland Championship
Final: (1 match) The Munster and Leinster champions play in this game to determine the All-Ireland champions.

## Championship statistics
### Miscellaneous

* The All-Ireland final between Tipperary and Wexford was abandoned near the end. Since Tipperary were winning by a considerable margin at that stage it was decided to award them the championship title.
* Tipperary win their 5th All-Ireland title to become outright leaders on the all-time roll of honour. It is a position they will retain until 1942.
# Hannah Irwin

Hannah Irwin (born 23 June 1998) is a British long-distance runner. She competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games over 10,000m representing Northern Ireland. That year, she set a new Northern Irish national record for the 10,000m. In 2023, she set a new Northern Irish national record for the half marathon.

## Early life

From Cambridge, Irwin studied English with Creative Writing at Surrey University, and writes poetry in her spare time. Irwin recovered from an anaemia diagnosis in 2017. In 2020 Irwin write about overcoming problems with disordered eating when she was younger.

## Career

Irwin made her British debut in June 2022 at the European 10,000m Cup, where the British team came home with a bronze medal. Prior to that, Irwin had run a new personal best and set a new Northern Ireland record of 32:25.34 for the 10,000m competing at the Night of the 10,000m PBs at Parliament Hill in May 2022. In June 2022 Irwin set a new 5000m personal best of 15:45.87 at the Woodside Stadium in Watford.
Irwin was selected as path of the Northern Ireland squad for the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England. However, she did not finish the 10,000m race at the event. She was later diagnosed with a metatarsal fracture which prevented her competing for several months.
In August 2023, she broke the Northern Irish national record for the half marathon, running 1:11:05 in County Antrim.
She was selected for the Half Marathon race at the 2025 European Road Running Championships in April 2025 in Leuven, Belgium.
# Xenorhinotherium

Xenorhinotherium is an extinct genus of macraucheniine macraucheniids, native to northern South America during the Pleistocene and Holocene epoch, closely related to Macrauchenia of Patagonia. The type species is X. bahiense.

## Taxonomy

Some authors have proposed that the genus Xenorhinotherium a synonym of Macrauchenia, though this has not been widely accepted. The name Xenorhinotherium means "Strange-Nosed Beast" and bahiense refers to the Brazilian state of Bahia, where the first fossils were found.
Xenorhinotherium was a rather derived representative of the Macraucheniidae, a group of litopterns with camel-like appearances. Probably derived from lower Miocene forms such as Cramauchenia and Theosodon, this animal probably closely related to the large macraucheniids of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, such as Macrauchenia and Windhausenia.
Below is a phylogenetic tree of the Macraucheniidae, based on the work of McGrath et al. 2018, showing the position of Xenorhinotherium.

## Characteristics

X. bahiense was a megafaunal herbivore that probably looked very much like Macrauchenia, weighing about 940 kg (2,070 lb). In life, X. bahiense would have vaguely resembled a tall, humpless camel with three toes on each foot and either a saiga-like proboscis or a moose-like nose. Pictographs from the Serranía de La Lindosa rock formation of Guaviare, Colombia, show what might possibly be Xenorhinotherium with three toes and a trunk, though the claims are highly controversial, and it is uncertain whether they even date to the last Ice Age.
Paired δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{18}$O measurements from fossils in the Brazilian Intertropical Region indicate that X. bahiense was primarily a browser. These findings are supported by its hypsodonty index.

## Distribution

Fossils of Xenorhinotherium, dating from the Late Pleistocene to the Early Holocene, have been found in the states of Bahia, the Jandaíra Formation of Rio Grande do Norte, and Minas Gerais in modern Brazil, and also in Venezuela, in the localities of Muaco, Taima-Taima and Cuenca del Lago.
Though not known from other countries, computer modelling suggests that the habitat in the western Andean slopes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru would have been suitable for this animal, particularly in areas that have not been extensively excavated yet.
A 2025 study suggested that Xenorhinotherium survivied until the Holocene around 3,493–4,217 years cal. Before Present (BP), based on a radiocarbon dated specimen found in Brazil.
# Genevieve Baildon

Genevieve Baildon (born 1985) is a New Zealand international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

In 2009, she won the Hong Kong International Bowls Classic singles.
She was selected to represent New Zealand at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, where she competed in the triples events.
Baildon won the gold medal in the fours with Jo Edwards, Leanne Curry and Jan Khan and the bronze medal in the triples at the 2011 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships in Adelaide.
# Ortwin Runde

Ortwin Runde (born 12 February 1944) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was the First Mayor (Erster Bürgermeister) of the Free and Hanseatic City Hamburg from 1997 to 2001.

## Early life and education

Runde was born in Elbing (Elbląg), Danzig-Westpreußen. After receiving his high-school diploma in 1964, Runde studied Economics and Sociology at the universities of Münster and Hamburg. He received his diploma in Sociology in 1969. He entered public service in Hamburg in 1970.

## Political career

Runde joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1968, and was a member in the state executive of the youth organizations of the SPD (Young Socialists in the SPD) from 1969 to 1971. In 1978 he became one of deputy chairmen of Hamburg's SPD. From 1983 to 1988 he was chairman of Hamburg's SPD.
From 1974 to 1988 he was elected as a member of Hamburg's city assembly (Hamburger Bürgerschaft).
From 1988 to 1993 he was senator (as the official title in Hamburg is) of the department for labour, health and social welfare, and from 1993 to 1997 of the treasury department.
After Henning Voscherau (SPD) stepped down after internal arguments over with whom a political coalition should be formed, Runde was elected as First Mayor of the Free and Hanseatic City Hamburg on 12 November 1997. In the next election four years later, the coalition of SPD and the Green Party lost its majority, and therefore Runde had to leave his office as mayor as well on 31 October 2001.
Since 2002, Runde has been a member of the German parliament, the Bundestag.

## Personal life

Ortwin Runde is married and has two children.
# Timeout (computing)

In telecommunications and related engineering (including computer networking and programming), the term timeout or time-out has several meanings, including:
* A network parameter related to an enforced event designed to occur at the conclusion of a predetermined elapsed time.
* A specified period of time that will be allowed to elapse in a system before a specified event is to take place, unless another specified event occurs first; in either case, the period is terminated when either event takes place. Note: A timeout condition can be canceled by the receipt of an appropriate time-out cancellation signal.
* An event that occurs at the end of a predetermined period of time that began at the occurrence of another specified event. The timeout can be prevented by an appropriate signal.
Timeouts allow for more efficient usage of limited resources without requiring additional interaction from the agent interested in the goods that cause the consumption of these resources. The basic idea is that in situations where a system must wait for something to happen, rather than waiting indefinitely, the waiting will be aborted after the timeout period has elapsed. This is based on the assumption that further waiting is useless, and some other action is necessary.

## Challenges

Balancing timeout values in distributed systems and microservices can be tricky: short timeout values can fail healthy requests prematurely, leading to complex workarounds, while long timeout values can result in slow error responses and poor user experiences. The circuit breaker design pattern can be a better alternative, as it can monitor service health, detect failures dynamically and faster, and improve the user experience.

## Examples

Specific examples include:
* In the Microsoft Windows and ReactOS command-line interfaces, the timeout command pauses the command processor for the specified number of seconds.
* In POP connections, the server will usually close a client connection after a certain period of inactivity (the timeout period). This ensures that connections do not persist forever, if the client crashes or the network goes down. Open connections consume resources, and may prevent other clients from accessing the same mailbox.
* In HTTP persistent connections, the web server saves opened connections (which consume CPU time and memory). The web client does not have to send an "end of requests series" signal. Connections are closed (timed out) after five minutes of inactivity; this ensures that the connections do not persist indefinitely.
* In a timed light switch, both energy and lamp's life-span are saved. The user does not have to switch off manually.
* Tablet computers and smartphones commonly turn off their backlight after a certain time without user input.