OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John, Count of Chalon

John (1190 – 30 September 1267), called the Old (l'Antique), was a French nobleman, the Count of Auxonne and Chalon-sur-Saône in his own right and regent in right of his son, Hugh III, Count of Burgundy. In contemporary documents, he was sometimes called "Count of Burgundy", as by King William of Germany in 1251.
He was the son of Stephen III of Auxonne and Beatrice, Countess of Châlon.
On June 5, 1237, he exchanged his inherited patrimony of Auxonne and Chalon with Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy for the following territories: Salins (which was at the time the second city of the County of Burgundy), Belvoir, Vuillafans, Ornans, Montfaucon, Arlay, the castle of Clées in Vaud, Chaussin and Orgelet. He thus became one of the most powerful nobles in the county.
Although he gave charters to the towns in his territory, he also welcomed the Dominican friars as inquisitors.
The possession of Salins, with its salt production, gave John the fortune necessary to extend his territories. To protect the trade routes, he built the following fortresses: Le Pin, Montmahoux, Saint-Anne, Arguel and Nozeroy. He usually resided in Nozeroy.
To avoid the customs imposed by the Count of Pontarlier, he bought the forests in the region around Pontarlier and Jougne, which he logged, creating new roads. He founded the towns of Châtelblanc, Chaux-Neuve and Rochejean, the last of which contains his name.

## Family

He had three wives and 16 children.
He married Mahaud (or Mahaut) of Burgundy, the daughter of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy and Beatrice of Albon. She died March 26, 1242. They had the following children:
* Elisabeth of Burgundy (1210–1277). In 1248, she married Henry I de Vergy.
* Blanche de Chalon (died 1306). In 1260, she married Guichard V de Beaujeu, and Béraud IX de Mercœur in 1268.
* Hugh III (1220–1267), who became Count of Burgundy by his marriage to Adelaide I of Burgundy.
* Margaret (died 1262) married Henry de Brienne.
He remarried to Isabeau (or Isabel) of Courtenay, the daughter of Robert I of Courtenay. They had the following children:
* John (1243–1309), seigneur de Rochefort. He became Count of Auxerre by his marriage to Alix de Bourgogne-Auxerre.
* Stephen (died 1302), Seigneur de Rouvres.
* Peter (died 1272) Seigneur de Châtel-Belin, in 1268, he married Beatrice, the daughter of Amadeus IV of Savoy
Upon Isabeau's death September 22, 1257, he remarried to Laurette de Commercy, the daughter of Simon II, Seigneur de Commercy, and Matilda, Countess of Saarbrücken. They had the following children:
* John I of Châlon (1259–1316), seigneur d'Arlay. Founder of the Châlon-Arlay branch of the house of Ivrea. In 1272, he married Margaret, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy.
* Hugh (died 1312), prince-bishop of Liège (1295–1301), and Archbishop of Besançon .
* Margaret (died 1328), who married Hugh of Burgundy.
* Agnes (died 1350). In 1285, she married Amedeus II, Count of Geneva
# Woldemar, Prince of Lippe

Woldemar of Lippe (Günther Friedrich Woldemar; 18 April 1824 – 20 March 1895) was the sovereign of the Principality of Lippe, reigning from 1875 until his death.

## Early life and reign

Prince Woldemar of Lippe was born in Detmold the third child of Leopold II, Lippe's reigning prince, and his consort, Princess Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1800–1867). Woldemar was married to Princess Sophie of Baden (1834–1904), a daughter of Prince William of Baden, on 9 November 1858 in Karlsruhe.
Following the death of his brother Leopold III on 8 December 1875, Woldemar succeeded him as Prince of Lippe. In 1892 along with the other German sovereigns Woldemar attended a gathering in Berlin with the German Emperor William II. After the Emperor described the other sovereigns as his vassals, Prince Waldemar took exception and interrupted the speech to say, "No, Sire, not your vassals. Your allies, if you like". This was seen as the coup de grâce to the Emperor's ambition to become "Emperor of Germany" instead of just "German Emperor".

## Death and regency dispute

Following his death in Detmold, Woldemar was succeeded as Prince of Lippe by his brother Alexander. His brother, however, was suffering from a mental illness, and as he had been placed under legal restrictions in 1870 and 1893, a regency was necessary to be established in Lippe. Prince Woldemar foreseeing this had made a provision in his will that the regency should go to Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe, the brother-in-law of the German Emperor.
Prince Woldemar's decision to appoint Prince Adolf was the beginning of a decade long dispute between two lines of the House of Lippe, the Lippe-Biesterfeld's led by Count Ernst who claimed the regency, and the princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. There were various compromises and the matter was finally resolved in 1905.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Woldemar, Prince of Lippe :
# Woody Pop

Woody Pop (ウッディポップ 新人類のブロックくずし, Woody Pop: Shinjinrui no Block Kuzushi), is a ball and paddle game similar to Breakout and Arkanoid. It was released exclusively in Japan for the Master System in 1987, before an international release on the Game Gear in 1991. The Master System version of the game requires a custom paddle controller which came with the game. Woody Pop was the last game released in Japan with the Mark III branding and on a My Card.

## Gameplay

Players control a cartoon rendition of a tree spirit in the form of a log named Woody. His mission is to use a ball to break down block barriers set up by an enemy known as The Mad Machine inside the Mansion Toy Factory. The barriers consist of normal blocks and special "mystery" blocks that release hazards such as toy soldiers and wind up robots, both of which will obstruct and deflect the ball in crazy ways back at Woody. There are also special blocks that grant Woody powers such as a Flameball, a skull, a hammer and even magic potions. Other features include a train that on some screens serves as a screen wide moving obstacle to players' progress and bottom screen corners that can deflect the ball back up the screen. There are 50 different levels in all before the final level, in which players attempt to defeat The Mad Machine. One difference between Woody Pop and most Breakout-style games is that players have as many as three different levels between which they can choose to advance after finishing a level, making the game less linear.
Woody Pop on the Sega Mark III and Master System is controlled with a special paddle controller that, like the game, was only sold in Japan.
# Douglas Northcott

Douglas Geoffrey Northcott, FRS (31 December 1916 – 8 April 2005) was a British mathematician who worked on ideal theory.

## Early life and career

Northcott was born Douglas Geoffrey Robertson in Kensington on 31 December 1916 to Clara Freda (née Behl) (1894–1958) and her first husband Geoffrey Douglas Spence Robertson (1894–1978). His mother remarried in 1919 to Arthur Hugh Kynaston Northcott (1887–1952). In 1935, he legally adopted his step-father's surname.
He was educated in London, then at Christ's Hospital and St John's College, Cambridge, where he started research under the supervision of G.H. Hardy.
His work was interrupted by active service during World War II. Captured at Singapore, he survived his time as a prisoner of war in Japan, and returned to Cambridge at the end of the war.
Back at Cambridge, he published his dissertation "Abstract Tauberian theorems with applications to power series and Hilbert series ". He then turned to algebra under the influence of Emil Artin, whom he had met while visiting Princeton University. He became a Research Fellow of St John's College in 1948.
In 1949, he proved an important result in the theory of heights, namely that there are only finitely many algebraic numbers of bounded degree and bounded height. In analogy to this result, a set of algebraic numbers is said to satisfy the Northcott property if there are only finitely many elements of bounded height.
In 1952, he moved to the Town Trust Chair of Pure Mathematics at Sheffield University. He remained at Sheffield until his retirement in 1982, also serving as Head of Department and Dean of Pure Science.
In 1954, Douglas Northcott and David Rees introduced in a joint paper the Northcott-Rees theory of reductions and integral closures, which has subsequently been influential in commutative algebra.

## Awards

Northcott was awarded the London Mathematical Society Junior Berwick Prize in 1953 and served as LMS Vice-President during 1968-69. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1961.

## Family life

In 1949, at Cambridge, Northcott married Rose Hilda Austin (1917-1992), with two daughters, Anne Patricia (born 1950) and Pamela Rose (1952-1992).

## Publications

* Northcott, D. G. Multilinear algebra. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984. ISBN 0-521-26269-0
* Northcott, D. G. A first course of homological algebra. Reprint of 1973 edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-New York, 1980. ISBN 0-521-29976-4
* Northcott, D. G. Affine sets and affine groups. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, 39. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-New York, 1980. ISBN 0-521-22909-X
* Northcott, D. G. Finite free resolutions. Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, No. 71. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-New York-Melbourne, 1976.
* Northcott, D. G. Lessons on rings, modules and multiplicities. Cambridge University Press, London 1968
* Northcott, D. G. An introduction to homological algebra. Cambridge University Press, New York 1960
* Northcott, D. G. Ideal theory. Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, No. 42. Cambridge, at the University Press, 1953.
# St Pol de Léon's Church, Paul

St Pol de Léon's Church, also known as Paul Parish Church (Cornish: Eglos Pluw Bowl), is a parish church in the Church of England Diocese of Truro, located in Paul, Cornwall, England.

## History and description

The church is said to have been founded in 490 by Paul Aurelian, a Welsh saint. The church building is medieval but was largely destroyed in a raid by the Spanish in 1595. It was rebuilt by 1600. The parish tower is constructed of granite with double buttresses. It is 89 ft (27.1 m) tall and is surmounted with a turret 20 feet (6.1 m) tall, which serves as a daymark for shipping in Mount's Bay. The tower contains six bells: two by Abraham Rudhall from 1727, and four by John Taylor & Co from 1950.
Robert Anning Bell, the Arts and Crafts movement artist, designed the memorial east window in the chancel. It honours Lieutenant William Torquil Macleod Bolitho who was killed on 24 May 1915 during the Second Battle of Ypres. The window is described by an advisor for the Diocese of Truro as ... it must rank as one of the most important glass windows in Cornwall of any age. The window, installed in 1918, is currently (2015) in need of restoration at an estimated cost of £150,000. The stonework around the window is made from Polyphant stone, a soft stone that is crumbling away and will be replaced with closely matching stone from the Forest of Dean.

## Memorials and burials

The Cornish language writers Nicholas Boson, Thomas Boson and John Boson are all buried in the churchyard, and a monument in the church by John Boson (to Arthur Hutchens, d. 1709) is the only surviving lapidary inscription in traditional Cornish.
Within the village churchyard there is a memorial to Dolly Pentreath, reputedly and disputedly the last native speaker of Cornish. The memorial was placed there by Louis Lucien Bonaparte, a relative of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Vicar of Paul in 1882. There is also a monument to Capt. Stephen Hutchens (died 1709).

## Gallery

* Exterior south side
* Nave
* East window of the chancel, honouring Lt. William Bolitho
* Sundial on the south side
* Monument to Dolly Pentreath
* Monument to Dolly Pentreath (rear view)
# Ifo Refugee Camp

Ifo Refugee Camp is a refugee camp in Dadaab in Kenya. It was established in 1991 with initial goal of accommodating refugees from Somalia due to the civil war which was ongoing.

## Background

It is among the three refugee camps in Dadaab, Garissa county in Eastern Kenya, 100 km from the Somalia border. It covers an area of 12.3 km$^2$ (4.7 sq mi). Ifo refugee camp is a home to refugees from ten countries, namely Somalia, Ethiopia, South Sudan, DRC, Burundi, Uganda, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Eritrea.
As of 1 August 2015, Ifo refugee camp had a population of 84,181 refugees with 41,992 as male and 42,189 were female.
In 2011, Ifo II refugee camp was constructed to reduce on overcrowding.
The Ifo Refugee camp is also mentioned in A Long Walk to Water where Salva Dut stays.

## Schools

Ifo refugee camp has eight primary schools and two secondary schools.

## Active partners

Ifo refugee camp has various partners who offer various services to the refugees.
| Partner | Service |
| Action Contre Faim (ACF) | Infant and youth child nutrition |
| Center for Victims of Torture | Psychosocial support |
| CARE | WASH, logistics, warehousing |
| World Food Programme (WFP) | food |
| UNICEF | education |
| UNOCHA | humanitarian work coordination |
| Save the Children International | child protection |
| Film Aid International | community communication |
| Peace Winds Japan | shelter |
| Refugee Consortium Kenya | legal assistance, protection and monitoring |
| Handicap international | persons with special needs |
| Islamic relief | health and primary education |
| National Council of churches in Kenya | reproductive health and HIV services, peace education, support persons with special needs especially very old people |
| Relief Reconstruction and Development Organization | environment protection, household energy, and host community projects |
| Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangue | education infrastructure, teacher training |
# Furuhashi Sōzaemon

Furuhashi Sōzaemon (古橋 惣左衛門, ? - ?) was a Japanese samurai of the early Edo period. Famed for his skill in swordsmanship. Sōzaemon, along with both Terao Magonojo, and his younger brother Terao Motomenosuke would be the legendary Miyamoto Musashi's three chosen successors. After their master's death, Sōzaemon had borrowed Magonojo's Gorin no sho (given by Musashi) for a few days, in which he made a copy of this book and gave it to Lord Hosokawa Mitsuhisa through his orders. Furuhashi himself would also make another copy of the book which was later transmitted to his disciples, which went by the name of Ihon gorin no sho. The following copy ends with this notice:
* The twelfth of the fifth month of the second year of Shoho 1645
* Shinmen Musashi no kami Genshin
* For the Honorable Terao Magonojo
* For the Honorable Furuhashi Sōzaemon
Overall, in the end, it is known that people as of today would not have the capacity of being able to read the Gorin no sho if Sōzaemon had not have copied it through his master's orders. Due to this fact, Sōzaemon is largely responsible for the fame of Musashi's work.
# DaisyDisk

DaisyDisk is a paid disk space analyzer for macOS. It displays a sunburst diagram of files on a hard drive to help with the location or deletion of large files. It can display previews of files using Quick Look. It also allows the user to look at the file directly in Finder, in order to delete it or move it elsewhere.

## History

DaisyDisk was started in late 2008 by interaction designer Taras Brizitsky and programmer Oleg Krupnov. They built the codebase from scratch to try to achieve higher speeds than similar programs. They decided to use a sunburst diagram as it is perceived better than other ways of visualizing data (such as treemaps).

## Features

DaisyDisk needs to scan the disk to create a map of its files and folders. Once the initial scan is completed, DaisyDisk doesn't keep displayed information up to date and reflects only changes to disk made through interaction with DaisyDisk. DaisyDisk can scan multiple disks in parallel.
With v4.5 of DaisyDisk, support for APFS was added.

### Interface

DaisyDisk displays the contents as a color-coded sunburst diagram, resembling the petals of a daisy. The interface places the root of the hard drive at the center of this daisy, and displays a hierarchical structure of that hard drive's file system that radiates from that center. This daisy is color-coded to differentiate between folders, while files themselves are always displayed as gray. In the right sidebar of the interface, DaisyDisk also provides a legend for these color codes. When hovering over a file or folder, the right sidebar of the interface updates with contextual information such as the file or folder name and their absolute path. When clicking on a folder on the daisy, a new daisy is displayed with the chosen folder as its root. The interface shows a "breadcrumb trail" of the current folder right above the sunburst diagram.
DaisyDisk provides a Trash-like collector icon in the lower left of its interface where files and folders can be dragged and dropped for deletion.
As of DaisyDisk v3, a specialized version of the app exists for Mac users with Retina Displays.

### Integration

One of the ways DaisyDisk integrates with the Mac features is through its support of the Quick Look function, which is included in Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard" and later. Hovering over any file or folder in DaisyDisk's interface and pressing space bar utilizes Quick Look and displays additional information about that file or folder in regards to its location and contents.
# Kaz Kamwi

Nkazana "Kaz" Kamwi (born 27 October 1994) is an English fashion blogger and television personality. In 2021, she was a finalist on the seventh series of Love Island and in 2022, she won the third series of Celebrity Karaoke Club. She later returned for Love Island: All-Stars in 2024.

## Life and career

Kamwi was born on 27 October 1994 in Essex, England. She studied sociology at Birmingham City University before becoming a full time fashion influencer and blogger. She set up a YouTube channel in May 2017 where she began posting various different videos including make-up tutorials and vlogs.
In June 2021, Kamwi became a contestant on the seventh series of Love Island. Throughout the series, Kamwi was coupled up with Toby Aromolaran, Aaron Francis and Matthew MacNabb, however it was with Tyler Cruickshank, with whom she reached the final and finished in fourth place. They began a relationship during the series, but announced their split three months after the series had ended. Kamwi later opened up about the racist abuse she received online throughout and after appearing on the show. Kamwi and her Love Island co-stars Liberty Poole, Millie Court and Liam Reardon presented the award for Newcomer at the 26th National Television Awards. In October 2021, Kamwi appeared as a guest on the +44 Podcast with Zeze Millz and Sideman and in December, was a contestant on The Weakest Link. She also appeared as a guest on the podcast Pressed in March 2022. In June 2022, Kamwi appeared on the third series of Celebrity Karaoke Club, entering the club on Day 3. Kamwi reached the final and was voted winner of the series by her fellow contestants, making her the first late entrant to win the show. In February 2023, she competed in The Challenge UK. In 2024, Kamwi returned as a contestant on the spin-off Love Island: All-Stars.

## Filmography

As herself :
| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2021 | Love Island | Contestant |
| 2021 | Love Island: Aftersun | Guest |
| 2021 | 26th National Television Awards | Award presenter |
| 2021 | The Weakest Link | Contestant |
| 2022 | Celebrity Karaoke Club | Contestant; winner |
| 2023 | The Challenge UK | Contestant |
| 2024 | Love Island: All-Stars | Contestant |
# Ittihad Party

    Ittihad is separate and distinct from Union Party.
The Ittihad Party or Union Party ("Ettihad Party", Arabic: حزب الاتحاد, Hizb al-Ittihad) was a Islamist political party active in the Kingdom of Egypt.
The party was founded by a group of ulamas with royalist and islamist ideas that legitimized the Sir Lee Stack's assassination in 1924. This group was composed also by young future political leaders like Muhammad Hamid Abu al-Nasr and Aly Maher Pasha. The ideological values were entrencheds in the Egyptian "traditional" culture. The party was gather in the Al-Azhar Mosque. The Ittihad was financially supported by King Fuad I and British agents, that trusted that the Ittihad would have destabilized the activities of the left-wing radicals. Nevertheless, the Ittihad failed in his goal of built a conservative party, due to his religious views. Its platform was composed mainly by teachers, farmers, ulamas and imams.
The party program was:
* Dignified positions of the religious authorities
* Better resources for the Egyptian monarchy
* Monopoly over the distribution of public and private endowments
* Creation of the Awqaf
* Strong social values and solidarity
* Anti-Western policies
The Ittihad was also tutelaged by Hassan al-Banna's Muslim Brotherhood. After this alliance, the Ittihad became mostly active against Copts, and refused the French Revolution, reputed as anarchy, supported a strong authoritarian state. Despite his low electoral results, he party took over the governments of Egypt in 1930s thanks the support of independent politicians present in the House of Representatives.
The party hasn't been a long life and in 1936 was dissolved. Its member adhered mainly to Wafd Party and Muslim Brotherhood.

## Electoral results
### House of Representatives elections

| Election | Party leader | Seats | +/– | Position |
| 1926 | Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha | 10 / 215 | 10 | 3rd |
# Date Munehiro

Date Munehiro or Chihiro (Japanese:伊達 宗広 or 千広; June 24, 1802 – May 18, 1877) was a Japanese samurai of Kii Domain and Scholar of Kokugaku, living during the late Edo and early Meiji periods. He was father of Mutsu Munemitsu (陸奥 宗光). His penname was Jitoku (自得).

## Life

In 1802, he was born the son of Usami Sukenaga (宇佐美 祐長), a samurai of Kii Domain, and he became an adoptive son of his uncle, Date Moriaki (伊達 盛明). He inherited a patrimony by 12 years old, and was appointed "Kansatsu (監察)" by 18 years old. He assisted Karō of Kii Domain, and promoted the reform of that domain, and took the lead in the Sonnō jōi movement. In 1852, he was arrested by an opponent for his dangerous Sonnō jōi activity and was imprisoned for nearly 10 years in the town of Tanabe (紀伊 田辺). In 1861, he was released by the agency of Yamanouchi Yōdō (山内 容堂), who was a daimyō of Tosa Domain (土佐). He transferred his patrimony to his adoptive son, Date Muneoki (伊達 宗興) and retired. But he returned to the Sonnō jōi movement with Muneoki. They were arrested by Kii Domain officials, and were imprisoned again in 1865. After the Meiji Restoration, he was released in 1869. In his later years, he lived in Fukagawa, Tokyo with his son, Mutsu Munemitsu.

## Works and books

Almost all of Date Munehiro's works were formed while in confinement. He learned at Motoori Ōhira (本居大平) when he was young. He despised Buddhism because he was a very active person. But when he was imprisoned in Kii Tanabe, he borrowed the Issai-Sūtra (一切経) from a temple in the neighborhood and read it every day. One day he experienced Buddhist enlightenment.
* "Taizei Santenkō": Japanese name (大勢三転考) The essay on history
* "Waka zenwa": Japanese name (和歌禅話) It explains Buddhism in the form of a Waka
* "Manimani Gusa": Japanese name (随々草) Essays on Buddhism, waka poetry, and Chinese poetry
* "Yomigaeri": Japanese name (余身帰) Essays and memoirs
* "Zui En syū": Japanese name (随縁集) Anthology of waka poems
* "Kareno syū": Japanese name (枯野集) Essays on history and literature
* "Date Jitoku Ō Zen syū": Japanese name (伊達自得翁全集) His complete works published in 1926
# Anthobium atrocephalum

Anthobium atrocephalum is a species of rove beetles native to Europe.