OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beatrix of Bavaria

Beatrix of Bavaria (also of Brandenburg, of Wittelsbach; died 1359) was Queen of Sweden as the wife of King Erik Magnusson (1339–1359) who co-ruled Sweden with his father King Magnus Eriksson.

## Biography

Beatrix was the daughter of Margrave Louis V of Brandenburg (1315–1361), the eldest son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV. Her mother was Louis' first wife Margaret (1305–1340), daughter of King Christopher II of Denmark.
Sometime before October 1356, she married Erik Magnusson, who as the elder of two sons, became co-monarch after a rebellion against his father, Magnus Eriksson (1316–1374) who was monarch of both Norway and Sweden. The younger son, Haakon (1340–1380), was to become became ruler of Norway. Beatrix was queen jointly with her mother-in-law, Blanche of Namur (1320–1363).
Beatrix and Erik both died in 1359. It is believed that her husband died of the Black Death, and that Beatrix, who gave birth to a stillborn son, also died of plague. Some historians believe she and her son were buried at the Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm.
# Centimetre

A centimetre or centimeter (US/Philippine spelling), with SI symbol cm, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one hundredth of a metre, centi being the SI prefix for a factor of ⁠1/100⁠. Equivalently, there are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. The centimetre was the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units.
Though for many physical quantities, SI prefixes for factors of 10$^3$—like milli- and kilo-—are often preferred by technicians, the centimetre remains a practical unit of length for many everyday measurements; for instance, human height is commonly measured in centimetres. A centimetre is approximately the width of the fingernail of an average adult person.

## Equivalence to other units of length

| 1 centimetre | = 10 millimetres |
| 1 centimetre | = 0.01 metres |
| 1 centimetre | = 0.3937 inches (There are exactly 2.54 centimetres in one inch.) |
One millilitre is defined as one cubic centimetre, under the SI system of units.

## Other uses

In addition to its use in the measurement of length, the centimetre is used:
* sometimes, to report the level of rainfall as measured by a rain gauge
* in the CGS system, the centimetre is used to measure capacitance, where 1 cm of capacitance = 1.113×10$^{−12}$ farads
* in maps, centimetres are used to make conversions from map scale to real world scale (kilometres)
* to represent second moment of areas (cm$^4$)
* as the inverse of the Kayser, a CGS unit, and thus a non-SI metric unit of wavenumber: 1 kayser = 1 wave per centimetre; or, more generally, (wavenumber in kaysers) = 1/(wavelength in centimetres). The SI unit of wavenumber is the inverse metre, m$^{−1}$.

## Unicode symbols

For the purposes of compatibility with Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) characters, Unicode has symbols for:
* centimetre – U+339D ㎝ SQUARE CM
* square centimetre – U+33A0 ㎠ SQUARE CM SQUARED
* cubic centimetre – U+33A4 ㎤ SQUARE CM CUBED
These characters are each equal in size to one Chinese character and are typically used only with East Asian, fixed-width CJK fonts.
# Alfred Tinsley

Alfred Tinsley (12 March 1867 – 25 September 1933) was an English cricketer active from 1890 to 1895 who played for Lancashire. He was born in Malton and died in Musselburgh. He appeared in 58 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman, scoring 1,348 runs with a highest score of 65 and held 27 catches.
# Nadezhda Pushpasheva

Nadezhda Pushpasheva (born 29 December 1959) is a Russian para table tennis player. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's individual C1-2 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
# Erick Castillo (baseball)

Erick José Castillo (born February 25, 1993) is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs.

## Career

Castillo signed with the Chicago Cubs as an international free agent on November 16, 2010, and made his professional debut in 2012. Castillo did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He elected free agency on November 2, 2020. On March 27, 2021, Castillo re–signed with the Cubs organization on a minor league contract. He split the 2021 season between the Tennessee Smokies of the Double-A South and the Iowa Cubs of the Triple-A East, slashing .199/.307/.246 with one home run and 19 RBI over 57 games.
On September 30, 2021, the Cubs selected Castillo's contract and promoted him to the major leagues. He made his MLB debut that night. He recorded his first major league hit, a single, on October 1 versus Alex Reyes of the St. Louis Cardinals. He was designated for assignment by the team on October 18, and was assigned outright to Iowa two days later.
Castillo spent the 2022 campaign with Triple-A Iowa, playing in 36 games and slashing .237/.296/.254 with no home runs and 12 RBI. He elected free agency following the season on November 10, 2022.
# Isaac Tigrett

Isaac Burton Tigrett (born November 28, 1948) is an American businessman, best known as the co-founder of Hard Rock Café and House of Blues.
He is the widower of the late Maureen Cox Tigrett (formerly Starkey), the ex-wife of Beatle drummer Ringo Starr. His wife died of leukemia in 1994.

## Early life

Isaac Tigrett belonged to a well-to-do business family and was raised in Jackson, Tennessee, until the age of 15. His grandfather, also Isaac Burton Tigrett, was a banker who acquired, developed and merged railroads in the Deep South. The younger Tigrett was a boarding student at McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee, but was expelled. He then enrolled at Baylor School in Chattanooga, from where he graduated. He is an alumnus of Centre College, which later gave him an honorary degree (in 1997) for promoting African American culture and racial harmony.

## Career

On June 14, 1971, he and Peter Morton started the first Hard Rock Café (HRC) restaurant in London's fashionable Mayfair district. The restaurant combined rock music, memorabilia related to rock 'n' roll and American cuisine.
The cafe-music-museum concept became very popular and soon the restaurant opened units in different parts of the globe. HRC was the first theme restaurant chain in the world. Tigrett bought Morton out, and took on the original Cafe in London along with rights to the name in most of the world including the U.S. states East of the Mississippi; Morton had rights to the name in states West of the Mississippi and in Israel, Colombia and Australia. Eventually both sold their interests in HRC to the Rank Organisation.
In 1992, Tigrett started the House of Blues (HOB) with partner Dan Aykroyd. Harvard University was an initial investor in the business and a prototype was opened in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Soon after Disney and Andrew Filipowski invested in the venture. Differences of opinion between Tigrett and the other HOB board members over operations resulted in Tigrett leaving the venture in 1998.
In the late 1990s, Tigrett launched The Spirit Channel, an enterprise offering services related to spirituality and health through the Internet, traditional media and physical locations. The venture failed to take off. In 2004, Tigrett launched yet another new venture, the Bozo Project, focusing on the restaurant business.
Tigrett was influenced by his guru, Sathya Sai Baba. In the BBC documentary The Secret Swami, Tigrett stated that he believed that there was truth to the rumors of Sai Baba's actions of pedophilia and sexual abuse towards some of his young male followers. He also stated that such behavior would not change his belief in Sai Baba.

## Personal life

In 1989, Tigrett married Maureen Cox Starkey, the ex-wife of Beatle drummer Ringo Starr. She died of leukemia in 1994.
# Pedro Luis Díaz Lanz

Pedro Luis Díaz Lanz (July 8, 1926 in Havana, Cuba – June 26, 2008 Miami, U.S.) was Chief of the Revolutionary Air Force of Cuba under Fidel Castro, before and after the 1959 Cuban Revolution. He is great-grandson of a sister of the Cuban national hero José Martí.

## Life in Cuba

In 1957, Pedro Díaz Lanz joined Fidel Castro's rebel group in Santiago, Cuba. He was employed as a commercial pilot with the airline Aerovías Q. He later acted as head of the Revolutionary Air Force, and during 1958 he smuggled weapons and ammunition from Costa Rica and Florida into Cuba by air.
After the Cuban Revolution on 1 January 1959, he was confirmed as head of the new Revolutionary Air Force as well as Castro's personal pilot. Within months, he became vocal about his opposition to the influence of communists on the new revolutionary government. On 29 June 1959, Fidel Castro relieved him of his post, and he left immediately by Revolutionary Air Force airplane he appropriated from a Cuban base under his command and flew to Homestead Air Force Base in Florida with his second wife and 3 of his six children, and reportedly with Frank Sturgis, a fellow anti-communist.

## Life after Cuba

On 14 July 1959, Díaz was interviewed by the US Senate Internal Security subcommittee, where he gave out the first account of Fidel's planned move towards communism.
On 21 October 1959 he carried out one of his most notorious acts, flying a twin-engined bomber (variously reported as a B-25 or B-26) over Havana while dropping anti-communist leaflets, along with his brother Marcos Diaz Lanz. Pedro Diaz Lanz piloted and Marcos Diaz Lanz threw the leaflets down from an open bomb hatch. The unsuccessful gunfire from armed forces on the ground caused injuries and deaths, leading to unsubstantiated reports of bombs being dropped from the aircraft.
By April 1960, he was recruited by the CIA and became a member of Operation 40, a group of CIA operatives who specialized in carrying out secret anti-Castro assassinations and acts of sabotage. Then on May 27 of 1960, the Miami Herald published a list of names of pilots who were placed on a U.S. Government 'Blacklist' thereby prohibiting them from flying to Cuba; on that list was Pedro Luis Diaz Lanz.
Díaz committed suicide with a gunshot wound to the chest in 2008 at the age of 81 after being diagnosed with a fatal illness.
# George Patrick Welch

Colonel George Patrick Welch was an American military officer, historian and writer whose works include Britannia: The Roman Conquest and Occupation of Britain.

## Life

He was born in 1900 in Boston, Massachusetts and was educated at Harvard from which he graduated in 1923. For fifteen years thereafter he was active in investment banking, retiring in 1938 to write. In the next few years, he published many short stories and articles, plus a historical novel, Final Hosting. Then came Pearl Harbor and the Army. As a soldier, Colonel Welch served through World War II and for some ten years after in various posts in the United States, the Africa-Middle East Theatre, and Japan.
During the Korean War, he commanded an artillery battalion at the Inchon landing, the assault on Seoul, and the march to the Yalu River. He also served as General Matthew Ridgway's Information Officer. He made headlines in Time magazine in 1952 because of his involvement in exposing information leaks between American and Russian journalists. Some war correspondents, said Welch, had been abusing their rights at Panmunjom by "fraternization and trafficking with the enemy." He said they were guilty of "excessive social consorting, including drinking of alcoholic beverages, with Communist 'journalists.'"
He retired as a full colonel in 1956, he held the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters, the Korean Campaign Medal with four stars, and the Air Medal.
Besides his two books, he also wrote a play, "Assignment in Judea", a fact-based fictional account of the trial and crucifixion of Jesus Christ from the Romans' and Pontius Pilate's perspectives. It premiered in Florida in 1964.
He lived his final years in Colorado Springs, surrounded by his friends in the extensive military complexes headquartered there, including the Air Force Academy, Fort Carson, and NORAD. He died in 1973.
# Nebraska Attorney General

The Nebraska attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer and lawyer for the U.S. state of Nebraska.

## List of attorneys general
### Parties

Republican (26)  Democratic (6)  Fusion (Democratic/Populist) (1)
| # | Attorney General | Term | Party |
| 1 | Champion S. Chase | 1867–1869 | Republican |
| 2 | Seth Robinson | 1869–1871 | Republican |
| 3 | George H. Roberts | 1871–1873 | Republican |
| 4 | Joseph R. Webster | 1873–1875 | Republican |
| – | George H. Roberts | 1875–1879 | Republican |
| 5 | Caleb J. Dilworth | 1879–1883 | Republican |
| 6 | Isaac Powers, Jr. | 1883–1885 | Republican |
| 7 | William Leese | 1885–1891 | Republican |
| 8 | George H. Hastings | 1891–1895 | Republican |
| 9 | Arthur S. Churchill | 1895–1897 | Republican |
| 10 | Constantine J. Smyth | 1897–1901 | Fusion |
| 11 | Frank N. Prout | 1901–1905 | Republican |
| 12 | Norris Brown | 1905–1907 | Republican |
| 13 | William T. Thompson | 1907–1910 | Republican |
| 14 | Arthur F. Mullen | 1910–1911 | Democratic |
| 15 | Grant G. Martin | 1911–1915 | Republican |
| 16 | Willis E. Reed | 1915–1919 | Democratic |
| 17 | Clarence A. Davis | 1919–1923 | Republican |
| 18 | Ora S. Spillman | 1923–1929 | Republican |
| 19 | Christian A. Sorensen | 1929–1933 | Republican |
| 20 | Paul F. Good | 1933–1935 | Democratic |
| 21 | William H. Wright | 1935–1937 | Democratic |
| 22 | Richard C. Hunter | 1937–1939 | Democratic |
| 23 | Walter R. Johnson | 1939–1949 | Republican |
| 24 | James H. Anderson | 1949–1950 | Republican |
| 25 | Clarence S. Beck | 1950–1951 | Republican |
| 26 | Harold P. Caldwell | 1951 (one day) | Democratic |
| – | Clarence S. Beck | 1951–1961 | Republican |
| 27 | Clarence A. H. Meyer | 1961–1975 | Republican |
| 28 | Paul L. Douglas | 1975–1984 | Republican |
| 29 | Robert M. Spire | 1985–1991 | Republican |
| 30 | Don Stenberg | 1991–2003 | Republican |
| 31 | Jon Bruning | 2003–2015 | Republican |
| 32 | Doug Peterson | 2015–2023 | Republican |
| 33 | Mike Hilgers | 2023–present | Republican |
# Colonel (Bangladesh)

Colonel (ban : কর্নেল) is a senior rank in Bangladesh Army. It is the senior most designation of senior officers in Bangladesh Army.

## Details

Colonel is a rank which is higher than Lieutenant Colonel but lower than Brigadier General. It is equivalent to Captain of Bangladesh Navy and Group Captain of Bangladesh Air Force.

## Appointment

A Colonel is routinely appointed as an administrator of an area headquarter. As operational officer, colonels designate as garrison staff of a division and furthermore the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence. As training commanders, colonels are usually posted as a department administrative such as commander of 403rd Battle group under commend of ARTDOC. Colonels also have their role under Home ministry as additional director generals of Rapid Action Battalion. They also serve as Sector Commander and Deputy Region Commander of Border Guard Bangladesh.
# Guy Thibault

Guy Robert Thibault is a retired Canadian Army officer. He is a former Vice Chief of the Defence Staff in Canada.

## Military career

Thibault joined the Canadian Forces in 1978. He became Base Commander, CFB Kingston in 2002 before deploying with the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan in 2004. He went on to be Commander of Land Force Central Area in 2005, Assistant Chief of the Land Staff in 2007 and Chief of Staff (Information Management) in 2009. After that he became Chairman of the Inter-American Defense Board in June 2011 and Vice Chief of the Defence Staff in September 2013. On 13 September 2013, he was awarded the Meritorious Service Cross.
On 19 January 2016, it was announced that Lieutenant-General Thibault would retire and be replaced in his position by Vice-Admiral Mark Norman. He retired from Canadian Armed Forces on 8 August 2016.

## Honours and decorations

Source:
| Description | Notes |
| Order of Military Merit (CMM) | |
| Meritorious Service Cross (MSC) | |
| General Campaign Star | |
| Special Service Medal | |
| Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Medal | |
| Canadian Forces' Decoration (CD) | 2 Clasps; 32 years of Canadian Forces service |
# Jamila Abbas

Jamila Abbas, is a computer scientist, software engineer, businesswoman and entrepreneur in Kenya. She is the co-founder and chief executive officer of MFarm Kenya Limited, an internet-based organisation that helps farmers find the best farm implements, seeds, access to weather reports and market information. She co-founded M-Farm in 2010.

## Background and education

Jamila was born in Kenya and attended local schools for her pre-university education. She attended Strathmore University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Software engineering.

## Career

Following her graduation from Strathmore University, Jamila was hired by Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). She also became member at iHub, a technology community, where techies gather to exchange ideas. There, she was reconnected with Susan Oguya, a friend from university. In September 2010, Jamila and Susan decided to actively do something about the plight of Kenyan small-scale farmers, using technology.
The two women, also joined AkiraChix, another forum for women with interest in information technology. There, they met three other Strathmore University students, Linda Omwenga, Lillian Nduati, and Catherine Kiguru. The five of them decided to enter IPO48, a software development competition. The event, involved 100 contestants, organised in seventeen teams. The objective was to develop a computer application, which can be turned into a marketable business, all within 48 hours.
The competition was organized by HumanIPO, from Estonia. In November 2011, the five women won the competition, with their M-Farm application, that connects farmers with agro-suppliers, cooperatives and enables them to access current market prices for their produce in a timely manner. The five ladies also won the top prize of KSh1 million (approx. US$10,000).
The group used their prize money to incorporate M-Farm Kenya Limited, with Jamila Abbas as CEO, Susan Oguya as COO. Linda Omwenga and Catherine Kiguru were marketing officers and Lillian Nduati was the public relations officers.

## Other considerations

Abbas concurrently serves as the country director of New Vision Foundation, a Minneapolis-based non-profit organization.
# Gaurav Gautam

Gaurav Gautam is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is currently serving as a Minister of State Youth Empowerment & Entrepreneurship (IC) Sports (IC) Law & Legislative (Attached) Department, Government of Haryana. He is member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Palwal Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early Life and Background

Born in 1988, Gaurav Gautam comes from a middle-class family in Haryana. His father, Shri Hari Prakash Gautam, was a Vice Chairman in the Labor Department of the Haryana government. His mother, Ratna, initially worked as an Anganwadi worker in the Women and Child Development Department of Haryana before becoming a homemaker.

### Education

Gautam holds a PhD in Journalism, demonstrating his academic commitment to understanding communication and social dynamics.

## Political career
### Early Political Involvement

Gautam's political journey began in 2014 when he started working as a representative of Member of Parliament Krishan Pal Gurjar from the Faridabad parliamentary constituency. During this period, he gained significant recognition for addressing local issues and connecting with the public.

#### Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha Leadership

His leadership capabilities led to his appointment as the in-charge of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (BJYM) in several states, including:
- Chhattisgarh
- Maharashtra
- Gujarat
In these roles, he was instrumental in connecting youth to the party's ideology and expanding the party's grassroots support.

### Mentorship

Rajya Sabha MP Anil Jain was Gautam's political mentor, who significantly influenced his political approach and organizational skills.

### 2024 Legislative Assembly Elections

In the 2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly elections, Gautam contested from the Palwal constituency. He won a historic victory against five-time MLA Chaudhary Karan Singh Dalal, who was considered a prominent leader in South Haryana.

### Ministerial Position

Following his electoral success, Gautam was appointed a Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Haryana government under Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini, handling the portfolios of Sports, Youth Affairs, and Law.
Gaurav Gautam's political journey is a testament to hard work, courage, and dedication to public service. His rapid rise in politics and commitment to social welfare have made him an emerging leader in Haryana's political landscape.
# Vyoma Nandi

Vyoma Nandi is an Indian Canadian actor and model who works primarily in the Gujarati film Industry. She made acting debut in 2016 with Telugu film Marala Telupana Priya as the lead actress. In 2017, she made her Gujarati film debut with crime thriller Cash on Delivery opposite Malhar Thakar. She went on to appear in several commercially successful Gujarati films, including Gujjubhai-Most wanted (2018), Oxygen (2018), Luv Ni Love Storys (2020). She won Best Debut award at the Gujarati Iconic Film Awards for her performance in Cash on Delivery.

## Early life

Nandi was born in Jamnagar, Gujarat to Pramesh Nandi and Chandni Nandi. She spent her early childhood in Ahmedabad and later her family moved to Toronto, Canada. She did her schooling at Chinguacousy Secondary School and graduated in psychology from York University.

## Career

Nandi worked as a child model for various ads and prints for known brands in India, before moving to Canada. In 2014, Nandi returned to India to pursue her acting dreams and completed diploma from Roshan Taneja School of Acting, Mumbai. Her debut in Telugu film was in Marala Telupana Priya opposite Prince Cecil in 2016. She won the Best Debut Actress award at the Gujarati Iconic Film Award in 2017 for her role in the crime thriller Cash on Delivery.
Later she appeared in the comedy film Gujjubhai-Most wanted (2018), second film in Gujjubhai film series and sequel to Gujjubhai the Great (2015). The film opened to positive reviews and was a commercial success. Her next project was Oxygen (2018) opposite Anshul Trivedi. The film was acclaimed by critics as well as audience.
She played a pivotal role in romantic comedy film Luv Ni Love Storys released in 2020.
Nandi has been a judge on the first season of the Gujarati dance reality show Naach Maari Sathe which aired on Colors Gujarati in 2018. She has also won the title of Gujarat's Most Desirable Woman on TV 2019 from the Ahmedabad Times.
She was awarded the title of Ahmedabad Times Most Desirable Woman 2020 and also featured in Top 50 on Times Most Desirable Women 2020 list.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Language |
| 2016 | Marala Telupana Priya | Vaishnavi | Telugu |
| 2017 | Cash on Delivery | Aditi | Gujarati |
| 2018 | Gujjubhai-Most wanted | Priya Rajguru | Gujarati |
| 2018 | Oxygen | Natasha Mehta | Gujarati |
| 2020 | Luv Ni Love Storys | Sonam Gupta | Gujarati |
| 2022 | Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 | Rajjo | Hindi |
| 2023 | Gulaam Chor | Saloni Sisodiya | Gujarati |
| 2023 | Hurry Om Hurry | Vini | Gujarati |
| 2025 | Taaro Thayo | Antra | Gujarati |
| 2025 | Jai Mata Ji - Let's Rock | | Gujarati |

## Television and Web Series

| Year | Name | Role | Network | Notes | Ref |
| 2018 | Naach Maari Sathe | Herself | Colors Gujarati | Judge | |
| 2021 | Unknown to known | Disha | ShemarooMe | | |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Notes | Ref |
| 2017 | Gujarati Iconic Film Awards | Best Debut | Cash on Delivery | Won | |
| 2021 | Film Excellence Awards Gujarati | Best Actress | Luv Ni Love Storys | Won |