OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gillian Beer

Dame Gillian Patricia Kempster Beer, DBE, FBA (née Thomas; born 27 January 1935) is a British literary critic and academic. She was President of Clare Hall from 1994 to 2001, and King Edward VII Professor of English Literature at the University of Cambridge from 1994 to 2002.

## Early life

Born Gillian Patricia Kempster Thomas in Surrey, England, Beer studied English Literature at St Anne's College, Oxford.

## Academic career

Following teaching posts at Bedford College, London, and the University of Liverpool, she was a fellow of Girton College, Cambridge, for 30 years. She was later King Edward VII Professor of English Literature at Cambridge, and later president of Clare Hall, the University of Cambridge's distinctive, international postgraduate college.
She served as chair of the judges for the Booker Prize in 1997.
Her most intensive literary criticism lies in the field of Victorian studies. Darwin's Plots (1983), in particular, related the form of Victorian novels to Darwinist thinking. Its significance as a work was confirmed by the publication of a second edition by Cambridge University Press in 2000 and a third edition in 2009. She has also written important collections of essays on Virginia Woolf (The Common Ground, 1996) and on other aspects of the relations of literature, science, and other academic disciplines.

## Honours and awards

* She was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1991
* Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1998)
* Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001)
* Oxford University awarded her an Honorary Doctor of Letters (June 2005)
* She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2010
* Harvard University awarded her an Honorary Doctor of Letters (May 2012)
* Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism for Alice in Space: The Sideways Victorian World of Lewis Carroll (October 2017)
* Ghent University awarded her an Honorary Doctorate on the recommendation of the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy. (March 2018)

## Family

She married the literary critic John Beer in September 1962; they have three sons.

## Literary criticism

* Meredith: A Change of Masks (1970)
* Darwin's Plots (1983)
* George Eliot (1986)
* Arguing with the Past (1989)
* Open Fields (1996)
* Virginia Woolf: The Common Ground (1996)
* Alice in Space: The Sideways Victorian World of Lewis Carroll (2016)
# Arseniy Korkodym

Arseniy Yuriyovych Korkodym (Ukrainian: Арсеній Юрійович Коркодим; born 3 October 2002) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ukrainian club Veres Rivne.

## Early life

Arseniy Korkodym was born on 3 October 2002, in Kyiv, Ukraine. As a child, he played for Chaika in Vyshhorod. In 2018 he moved to Volyn Lutsk academy.

## Club career
### Volyn Lutsk

Korkodym made his debut for Volyn U19 side in a 5:0 win against Dnipro-1 U19 on 22 November 2019 in the 2019–20 Ukrainian Premier League Under-21 and Under-19. In the 2021–22 season Korkodym made his debut in the first league in a 1:0 loss to Ahrobiznes Volochysk on 29 October 2021. He also featured in three cup matches.

### Volyn-2 Lutsk

Korkodym played in twenty-three matches in the 2020–21 Ukrainian Second League for Volyn second team.

### Veres Rivne

Korkodym joined Ukrainian Premier League club Veres Rivne in July 2022. He signed a three-year contract and took the number 78 shirt. In his first season with the club, Korkodym was an unused substitute in all thirty league matches and two play-off games. During 2023 he only featured in one friendly match against Levadia Tallinn in BGV Winter Cup for Veres. His second season was also spent as an unused substitute in fourteen league and two cup games. In January 2024 Korkodym was part of the team as they went to Turkey for a training camp. He took part in three friendly matches there.

### Kremin

Kremin manager Ihor Klymovskyi wanted to bring Korkodym on trial after watching him play on video. After three training sessions Korkodym signed on loan until end of season. He kept the number 78 shirt he wore in Veres. On 12 June 2024 Korkodym returned to Veres Rivne after having made ten appearances for Kremin.

## International career

In October 2022 Korkodym was called up to Ukraine national student football team where he played full ninety minutes in a 2:1 win against South Korea. He was unused substitute for the rest of tournament. As Ukraine lost in the final Korkodym received a silver medal for his participation.

## Career statistics

    As of 28 February 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Volyn U19 Lutsk | 2019–20 | Ukrainian Premier League Under-19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Volyn-2 Lutsk | 2020–21 | Second League | 23 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 23 | 0 |
| Volyn Lutsk | 2021–22 | First League | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Veres Rivne | 2022–23 | Ukrainian Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Veres Rivne | 2023–24 | Ukrainian Premier League | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Veres Rivne | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Kremin | 2023–24 | First League | 10 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 34 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 37 | 0 |
# Kurt Bittel

Kurt Bittel (born 5 July 1907 in Heidenheim an der Brenz, died 30 January 1991 in Heidenheim an der Brenz) was a German prehistorian. As president of the German Archaeological Institute (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut - DAI) and excavator of the Hittite city of Hattusha in Turkey, as well as an expert on the Celts in Central Europe, he acquired great merit.

## Decorations and awards
### State awards

* Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1955)
* Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts (Member, 1967; Chancellor of the Order 1971–1979; 3rd Vice-Chancellor from 1979 to 1980; 2nd Vice-Chancellor 1980–1984)
* Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1978)
* Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg (1982)
* Grand Cross of Merit with Star and Sash of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984)

### Memberships

* Honorary member of the İstanbul Enstitüsü (1955), Turkish Historical Society (Türk Tarih Kurumu; Ankara, 1959), Royal Irish Academy (Dublin, 1965), Société de Yougoslavie Archéologique (Arheološko Društvo Jugoslavije, Belgrade, 1966), German-Turkish Association (Bonn, 1970), Society for Pre- and Early History in Württemberg and Hohenzollern (Gesellschaft für Archäologie in Württemberg und Hohenzollern) (1977), Honorary Member of the German Archaeological Institute (1982)
* Honorary Corresponding Member of The Prehistoric Society (Oxford, 1956)
* Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (1965)
* Foreign Honorary Member of the Archaeological Institute of America (New York, 1967), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston, Massachusetts, 1980), and the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1984).

### Other

* Honorary Citizen of the city of Heidenheim (1967)
* Honorary doctorates from the University of Istanbul (1969), Anadolu University (Anadolu Üniversitesi) (Eskişehir, Turkey; 1990)
# S&P 500 futures

S&P 500 Futures are financial futures which allow an investor to hedge with or speculate on the future value of various components of the S&P 500 Index market index. S&P 500 futures contracts were first introduced by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1982. The CME added the e-mini option in 1997. The bundle of stocks in the S&P 500 is, per the name, composed of stocks of 500 large companies.

## Derived Futures

All of the S&P derived future contracts are a product of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). They expire quarterly (March, June, September, and December), and are traded on the CME Globex exchange nearly 24 hours a day, from Sunday afternoon to Friday afternoon.
* S&P 500 Futures (ticker: SP) contract's minimum tick is 0.25 index points = $62.50. While the performance bond requirements vary from broker to broker, the CME requires $11,500 to maintain the position.
* E-Mini S&P 500 Futures (ticker: ES) contract's minimum tick is 0.25 index points = $12.50
* Micro E-Mini S&P 500 Futures (ticker: MES) contract's minimum tick is 0.25 index points = $1.25

## Contracts

S&P Futures contracts are used to speculate, hedge, or offset investment risk by commodity owners (i.e., farmers), or portfolios with undesirable risk exposure offset by the futures position.

## Quotes

CME Group provides live feeds for S&P Futures and these are published on various websites like Bloomberg.com, CNN Money, and SPFutures.org.

## Trading Leverage

S&P Futures trade with a multiplier, sized to correspond to $250 per point per contract. If the S&P Futures are trading at 2,000, a single futures contract would have a market value of $500,000. For every 1 point the S&P 500 Index fluctuates, the S&P Futures contract will increase or decrease $250.

## US Tax Advantages

In the United States broad-based index futures receive special tax treatment under the IRS 60/40 rule. Stocks held longer than one year qualify for favorable capital gains tax treatment, while stocks held one year or less are taxed at ordinary income. Proceeds from index futures contracts traded in the short term are taxed 60 percent at the favorable capital gains rate and only 40 percent as ordinary income. Losses on NASDAQ futures can be carried back up to 3 years, and tax reporting is significantly simpler, as they qualify as Section 1256 Contracts.
# Takao Abe

Takao Abe (阿部 孝夫, Abe Takao, born September 18, 1943) was the mayor of Kawasaki, Kanagawa in Japan. He was first elected in 2001.
# Chillington Wharf

52°34′48″N 2°06′41″W﻿ / ﻿52.58000°N 2.11139°W﻿ / 52.58000; -2.11139
Chillington Wharf is a now derelict intermodal cargo interchange to the east of the city of Wolverhampton, England. It was built by the Chillington Iron Company.

## History

The wharf was constructed by the company in the 19th century. It consisted of two arms off the Birmingham Canal and a Chillington Iron Company Tramway yard which linked to the company's foundries. The company went bust in 1885 and the wharf was quickly snapped up by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR).
The LNWR created a link from their line between Birmingham and Wolverhampton (today the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line) which diverged to the opposite side of the track, descended a gradient and swept under the main line into the wharf. The wharf opened for full service in 1902.
There is also a Babcock & Wilcox 10-ton overhead crane in the wharf.

## Today

Over the years, the wharf has fallen into disuse and inevitable disrepair. At some point the second canal arm was removed and only one now remains, albeit heavily overgrown. The railway link still exists, and in fact the yard is still used for wagon overflow by DB Cargo UK for its adjacent Wolverhampton Steel Terminal. The link that the LNWR built also included a link to the Birmingham Snow Hill-Wolverhampton Low Level Line, which ran adjacent to the LNWR's main line. Although the track has mostly been taken up to the south, the trackbed remains in place as far as where the line crossed Bilston Road. The trackbed south of this point is now utilised by the West Midlands Metro.
The interchange basin and double canopy is a Grade II listed building.
# Street Sheet

The Street Sheet is a street newspaper published and sold in San Francisco, California which focuses on the problems of homeless people in the city, and on issues of poverty and housing. Founded in 1989, the Street Sheet is second only to the Street News as the oldest extant street newspaper in the United States and currently has the largest circulation of a street newspaper with 32,000 papers distributed monthly.
The Coalition on Homelessness publishes the newspaper, and vendors distribute the paper on the streets of San Francisco, usually in exchange for a two-dollar donation.
The millionth issue was sold in 1993.

## Reception

When juxtaposed with other street newspapers, Daniele Torck recognized The Street Sheet as being the only one to "give a wide platform to homeless person's protests and criticisms". Distribution of the paper as a means of empowering the homeless is not embraced by everyone. Critics claim that the language used in the paper overly relies on emotional appeal and the act of vending forces vendors to conform to stereotypes of homelessness.
# Maureen Baynton

Maureen Baynton (born Maureen Barrett in 1937) is an English former snooker and billiards player. She held the record for winning most Women's Amateur Snooker Championships after winning eight times between 1954 and 1968, and also won seven Women's Amateur Billiards championships between 1955 and 1980. She was runner-up in the 1983 World Women's Snooker Championship.

## Biography

Baynton began to play snooker and billiards at Peckham Health Centre, teaching herself, from the age of 11. Three years after taking up the games, she was the girls champion at both snooker and billiards.
After a highly successful playing career in which she won a record eight Women's Amateur Snooker Championships between 1954 and 1968, and seven Women's Amateur Billiards championships between 1955 and 1980, she retired from competition for several years. When the World Women's Snooker Championship was staged in 1976, Baynton entered, reaching the semi-final, where she lost to Muriel Hazeldene. In the 1983 tournament she went one stage further, reaching the final, where she lost 5–8 to Sue Foster.
Throughout her career, she used the cue that she received, aged 10, for winning the Schoolgirls Championship in 1947. It is now on display at the Billiards and Snooker Heritage Collection in Liverpool.

## Titles and achievements

Snooker
| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent | Score |
| Winner | 1 | 1954 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | | |
| Winner | 2 | 1955 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | | |
| Winner | 3 | 1956 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | | |
| Winner | 4 | 1961 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | Thea March | 4–1 |
| Winner | 5 | 1962 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | Rita Holmes | 4–1 |
| Winner | 6 | 1964 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | | |
| Winner | 7 | 1966 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | | |
| Winner | 8 | 1968 | Women's Amateur Snooker Champion | | |
| Runner-up | 9 | 1983 | Women's World Snooker Championships | Sue Foster | 5–8 |
Billiards
| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | 1 | 1954 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | Helen Futo | 430–448 |
| Winner | 2 | 1955 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | E Morland-Smith | 451–401 |
| Winner | 3 | 1956 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | | |
| Winner | 4 | 1957 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | E Morland-Smith | 553–334 |
| Winner | 5 | 1964 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | Rae Craven | 649–336 |
| Winner | 6 | 1966 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | Vera Youle | 514–319 |
| Winner | 7 | 1968 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | Rae Craven | 434–265 |
| Runner-up | 8 | 1978 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | Vera Selby | 319–366 |
| Winner | 9 | 1979 | World Women’s Billiards Championship | Vera Selby | |
# Ozzie Timmons

Osborne Llewellyn Timmons (born September 18, 1970), is an American former professional baseball outfielder and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1995 through 2000 for the Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, Seattle Mariners, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. He also played in Nippon Professional Baseball in 2001 for the Chunichi Dragons.

## Playing career

Timmons attended Brandon High School in Brandon, Florida, and the University of Tampa, where he played college baseball for the Tampa Spartans. In 1990, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the fifth round of the 1991 MLB draft.
Timmons made his MLB debut with the Cubs on April 26, 1995. The Cubs traded Timmons and Jay Peterson to the Cincinnati Reds for Curt Lyons on March 31, 1997. He signed with the Seattle Mariners for the 1999 season, the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for the 2000 season, and was purchased by the Chunichi Dragons of Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League for the 2001 season.

## Coaching career

Timmons served as the hitting coach for the Tampa Bay Rays‘ Triple-A affiliate Durham Bulls, prior to being promoted to the parent-club Rays, as their first base coach, for the 2018 season.
After the 2021 season, the Milwaukee Brewers hired Timmons and Connor Dawson as their hitting coaches. On October 21, 2024, Brewers executive Matt Arnold stated that Timmons would not return for the 2025 season.
On January 22, 2025, Timmons returned to the Rays organization under the role of special assistant, coaching development.
# Cristhian Martínez

Cristhian A. Martínez Mercedes (born March 6, 1982) is a Dominican former professional baseball pitched. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins and Atlanta Braves.

## Career
### Detroit Tigers

Martínez signed as an international free agent with the Detroit Tigers in 2003. He remained with the Tigers organization through the 2006 season, pitching for the Gulf Coast Tigers, Oneonta Tigers, West Michigan White Caps and Lakeland Tigers, never rising above Single–A.

### Florida Marlins

The Florida Marlins selected Martínez in the minor league phase of the Rule 5 draft on December 7, 2006.
Martínez made his Major League debut with the Marlins on May 21, 2009. On June 1, he collected his first win in the Majors after tossing 1+2⁄3 innings of scoreless relief against the Milwaukee Brewers. He was sent down to the Triple–A New Orleans Zephyrs immediately after the game. Overall, Martínez pitched in 15 games that season, owning a 1–1 win–loss record with a 5.13 earned run average.

### Atlanta Braves

Martínez was claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Braves on April 8, 2010. He was optioned to the Triple–A Gwinnett Braves, where he pitched in 23 games, and was later called up to Atlanta in the beginning of September.
After qualifying as a Super Two earlier in the offseason, on January 18, 2013, Martínez agreed to a one–year, $750,000 contract to avoid arbitration with the Braves. On April 12, Martínez, who suffered a shoulder strain, was placed on the disabled list in order to clear roster space for recently acquired reliever Luis Ayala. He pitched in two games that year, giving up two runs to the Philadelphia Phillies in his first appearance and pitched two scoreless innings against the Chicago Cubs on April 6. On July 9, Martínez underwent shoulder surgery and was ruled out for the rest of the 2013 season, and missed the entirety of the 2014 season as well. On December 2, 2013, Martinez, along with shortstop Paul Janish and infielder Elliot Johnson was non–tendered by the Braves, making them free agents.
# Hilton Jefferson

Hilton Jefferson (July 30, 1903 – November 14, 1968) was an American jazz alto saxophonist born in Danbury, Connecticut, United States, perhaps best known for leading the saxophone section from 1940 to 1949 in the Cab Calloway band. Jefferson is said to have been "a soft, delicate saxophone player, with an exquisite sensibility."
In 1929, Jefferson began his professional career with Claude Hopkins, and throughout the 1930s was busy working for the big bands of Chick Webb, Fletcher Henderson and McKinney's Cotton Pickers. From 1952–1953, Jefferson performed with Duke Ellington, but ultimately became a bank guard to support himself with a steady income. In the 1950s, he continued to perform, especially with Rex Stewart and some former members of Fletcher Henderson's Orchestra.

## Discography

With Dizzy Gillespie
* Afro (Norgran, 1954)
* Dizzy and Strings (Norgran, 1954)
* Jazz Recital (Norgran, 1955)
* The Big Band Sound of Dizzy Gillespie (Verve, 1973)
With Rex Stewart
* Rendezvous with Rex (Felsted, 1958)
* The Big Reunion (Jazztone, 1958)
* Henderson Homecoming (United Artists, 1959)
* Porgy & Bess Revisited with Cootie Williams (Warner Bros., 1959)
With others
* Buster Bailey, All About Memphis (Felsted, 1958)
* Coleman Hawkins, Things Ain't What They Used to Be (Swingville, 1961)
* Tina Louise, It's Time for Tina (Urania, 1957)
* Al Sears and Taft Jordan, Rockin' in Rhythm (Swingville, 1960)
* Maxine Sullivan, Leonard Feather Presents Maxine Sullivan (Period, 1956)
* Bob Wilber, For Saxes Only! (Music Minus One, 1962)
* Jimmy Witherspoon, Goin' to Kansas City Blues (RCA Victor, 1958)
# Balș

Balș (Romanian pronunciation: ) is a town in Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. The town administers three villages: Corbeni, Româna, and Teiș.

## Geography

The town is situated on the Wallachian Plain and lies on the banks of the river Olteț. It is located in the northwestern part of the county, on the border with Dolj County, 26 km (16 mi) west of the county seat, Slatina.

## Etymology

There are three hypotheses about the town's name:
* The locality was named after the Balșița brook.
* The name comes from the Turkish word "Baliş" (honey), as there is a large apiculture area there.
* A boyar named Balș settled here in the 5th or 6th century.

## Population

At the 2021 census, Balș had a population of 16,114. At the 2002 census, there were 20,552 Romanians, 619 Romani, and 27 others. Listed by religion: 21,043 were Eastern Orthodox, 47 Seventh-Day Adventists, 36 Baptists, 19 Pentecostalists, 8 Roman-Catholics, 5 Atheists, and 32 other religions.

## History

* 1450 – The estimated date when Balș was established.
* 1564 – First mention of Balș in a document

## Natives

* Nicușor Bănică (born 1984), footballer
* Eugen Căpățînă (born 1986), rugby player
* Claudia Constantinescu (born 1994), handballer
* Ion Dumitra (born 1976), footballer
* Cornel Feruță (born 1975), diplomat
* Petre Pandrea (1904–1968), social philosopher, memoirist, and political activist
* Cerasela Pătrașcu (born 1992), artistic gymnast
* Daniel Stana (born 1982), footballer
# Oleksandr Chernov

Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Chernov (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Чернов; born 13 July 2002) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a right midfielder for Ukrainian club Obolon Kyiv.