# Roads in Nepal

The road network in Nepal plays a vital role in connecting its diverse geographical and cultural landscapes. As a landlocked country nestled in the Himalayas, Nepal faces unique challenges in road construction and maintenance, yet significant strides have been made to improve transportation infrastructure.

## Nepal Road Standard (1970–2020)

The development of roadways in Nepal began in earnest during the 1950s. Prior to that, the country relied heavily on ancient footpaths, mule tracks, and river transportation. The construction of the Tribhuvan Highway in 1956 marked the beginning of modern road infrastructure in Nepal. This highway connected Kathmandu, the capital city, to the Indian border town of Raxaul, facilitating trade and travel.

## Nepal Road Standard after 2021

In 2021 SNH 2020/21 released by government shows all the previous feeder roads either converted to new National Highways or ceasing to be classified as feeder roads and handed over to provincial governments.
In Nepal, the administration of roads is managed by different levels of government. National Highways are overseen by the Department of Roads under the MPIT. Province Highways and Roads are administered by the Provincial Government. Lastly, Urban, Rural, and Agricultural Roads are managed by the Local Government, working in collaboration with the DoLI. Each level of government plays a key role in the maintenance and development of the road network in their respective jurisdictions.
Administration of roads in Nepal :
| # | Category | Managing Authority | Administrative body | Coordination with |
| 1 | National Highway | Department of Roads | Federal government | MoPIT |
| 2 | Provincial Highway | MoPIT Depart of Province | Province Government | MoPIT of Province |
| 3 | District Road | DoLID Depart of District | Province/District Government | DoLID |
| 4 | Urban/rural Road | DoLID Depart of Local Government | Municipal government | DoLID |
| 5 | Agricultural Road | DoLID Depart of District & Local Government | District/Local Government | DoLID |

## Types of roads
### National Highways

The Economic Survey 2022–23 released by the Ministry of Finance shows that until mid-March 2023, the country's network of national roads had a total length of 34,100 km. This included national highways and other Strategic roads
According to the Statistics of National Highway SNH-2020/21 there are 80 National Highways in Nepal, with a total length of 11178.92 km. 620.17 km (385.36 mi) more was added to the National Highway System in 2022/23, making a total length of the national highway of 11,799.09 km (7,331.61 mi)

### Provincial Highways

There are seven provinces in Nepal which have many provincial highways and provincial roads which are marked by the province's government. Provincial highways or roads are marked as below:
Provincial Highway Codes :
| # | Province | Code |
| 1 | Koshi | PH-KO-001 |
| 2 | Madhesh | PH-MA-001 |
| 3 | Bagmati | PH-BA-001 |
| 4 | Lumbini | PH-LU-001 |
| 5 | Gandaki | PH-GA-001 |
| 6 | Karnali | PH-KA-001 |
| 7 | Sudurpashchim | PH-SU-001 |
'00' stands for highway or road numbers.

### Election Constituency Strategic Road

Election Constituency Strategic Road is a strategic road that connects each Constitutional area with a National Highway passing nearby. There are 165 Election Constituency Strategic Road in Nepal.

### Urban/rural roads

Urban/Rural roads are the roads that are administered by local government e.g. Municipality and Rural Municipality. The road codes of the Local roads are coded as follows:
* Urban/Rural road of a Municipality in Bagmati Province = BUR00
* Urban/Rural road of a Municipality in Koshi Province = KUR00
"00" represents road numbers e.g. BUR01, KUR05

### Agriculture road

Nepal has special kind of road for agricultural areas and such roads are constructed by Department of Local Infrastructure.