OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert I. Chester

Robert I-o-h-nstone Chester (July 31, 1793 – January 14, 1892) was a Tennessee Democratic politician, merchant, surveyor, farmer, United States Marshal, postmaster and soldier. He served two terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives. Chester County, Tennessee is named after him.

## Early life

Chester was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on July 31, 1793. He was raised in Jonesboro in East Tennessee, and was educated in local "field schools". He served in the War of 1812 as quartermaster of the Third Tennessee Regiment, having enlisted at Knoxville on October 14, 1814. In 1816 he became a merchant at Carthage in partnership with his uncle Robert Allen, until in 1819 Allen became a Congressman and Chester went into the tobacco business, in which he is reported to have lost a fortune. In 1822 he was appointed by the Legislature as surveyor for Smith County. From 1824 to 1830 he was a merchant in Jackson, from 1825 to 1833 also serving as postmaster of that town. His postmaster appointment was made due to the influence of Andrew Jackson.
In 1835 he left for Texas, where he was appointed by Governor Sam Houston a colonel in the Texas Revolutionary Army, but in the wake of the Texans' victory in the Battle of San Jacinto there was little for him to do for Texas. He returned to Jackson in 1836, and was reappointed postmaster and appointed registrar of the western land district, and remained in the land business for many years thereafter.

## Politics and patronage appointments

In 1837 he was appointed by President Martin Van Buren to the title of United States marshal for the western district, and served with one or more intermissions until 1861. He was a lifelong Democrat, having been a close friend of General Andrew Jackson, and married a niece of Jackson's. He was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1870 and re-elected in 1872, and in 1884 was one of the Tennessee Democratic electors.

## Personal life

Chester and his family lost considerable wealth during the American Civil War, losing both slaves and actual property; during the war all four of his sons had served in the Confederate Army. He became a member of the Masons in 1817, and a Knight Templar. His first wife was Elizabeth Hays (niece of Andrew Jackson's wife, Rachel Donelson). the aforementioned niece of Jackson, by whom he had seven children: Mary Jane, John, Robert Hayes, Martha Butler, William Butler, Andrew Jackson and Samuel Hayes. After her death, in 1855 Chester married a widow, Jane P. Donelson.
He died in Jackson, Tennessee on January 14, 1892 at the age of 98.
# Naz

Naz or NAZ may refer to:
* Naz (name)
* NAZ (studio), Japanese animation studio
* Naz, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran
* Naz, Switzerland, in the canton of Vaud
* Naaz islands, a set of tidal islands in the Persian Gulf, south of Iran
* Nakhchivan Automobile Plant, an automobile manufacturer in Azerbaijan
* Nederlandse Artikelendatabank voor de Zorg [nl], a Dutch healthcare database
* A peak in the Alborz mountain range of Iran
# Wowo Fortes

Wowo Fortes (Manuel Laurio Fortes Jr.) is a Filipino politician serving as the Representative of the Province of Sorsogon’s 2nd district since July 2022.

## Career and affiliations

Prior to his political career, Fortes was a practicing lawyer. He served as the vice governor of Sorsogon from 2019 to 2022, and mayor of Barcelona, Sorsogon from 2010 to 2019.
In the 2019 elections, Fortes was Francis Escudero's running mate in the gubernatorial election under the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC). In the 2022 elections, Fortes and the NPC won all provincial offices, including the 2nd district House representative seat Fortes ran at.

## Legislation

Fortes contributed to the drafting of Republic Act No. 11964, a bill relating to income classification of local government units (LGUs). He was a coauthor of House Bill No. 3458: Community-Driven Development (CDD) Bill.
# Penguin Land

Penguin Land, known as Doki Doki Penguin Land Uchū Daibōken in Japan, is a 1987 puzzle-platform game published and developed by Sega for the Master System. It is the second game in the Doki Doki Penguin Land series. The player controls a penguin to guide an egg around polar bears, rocks and other hazards. There are 50 stages and a level editor which can save up to 15 additional levels. The level editor data is stored on the game's battery back-up RAM. Penguin Land was the first home console video game to include a battery backup save feature being released four days prior to The Legend of Zelda in the US.

## Plot

The game begins where three penguin eggs are lost on a distant planet. The player controls the Penguin Mission Commander Overbite, who must guide these eggs down to the bottom of a frigid cavern filled with traps, enemies, and secret passages. The Spaceship Crew eagerly awaits at the bottom of this cavern to welcome the hero Overbite and carry the eggs to safety.

## Gameplay

The object of the game is to successfully push and drop an egg down to the bottom of a vertically scrolling cavern of ice. The player is able to push the egg left and right, push it off cliffs onto lower platforms, and melt ice blocks to create a passage for the egg. If the egg falls more than 3 blocks downward, it will break. Also, if Overbite lands on the egg, but the egg cannot be rolled left or right, the egg will break. The round is completed when the egg is successfully delivered to the bottom of the level.
The block types in the game include ice blocks (which the player can melt), cracked ice (which will melt once the egg is on top of them), Rocks (which can be pushed and dropped on enemies, but will crack the egg if they land on it), stone blocks (which cannot be moved by the player, but occasionally move on their own), and tubes for either the egg or the player to pass through.
Gangows are polar bear-like enemies that will attack both the player and the egg. If they back the egg into a corner or land on the egg, it will break. Cameels are birds that fly by if the egg is not moved after a set time. They will drop a brick which can crack the egg.
Also included are point and time bonuses, egg shields, springs that let you jump higher, and ghosts that invert game controls. Point bonuses are awarded for crushing Gangows, time remaining, and the difficulty of the round completed.

## Reception

The game was reviewed in 1988 in Dragon #140 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 3 out of 5 stars.

### Reviews

* Sega Power (December 1993)
* Joystick (German) (January 1989)
* The Games Machine (October 1988)
* Power Play (October 1988)
* Computer and Video Games (October 1988)
# Solomon Pond Mall

The Solomon Pond Mall is a two-level enclosed shopping mall located off Interstate 290, near its terminus at Interstate 495, in Marlborough and Berlin, Massachusetts. The mall features JCPenney and Macy's (originally Filene's) as anchors with one vacant anchor last occupied by Sears.

## History

The mall opened in 1996 and was one of many that opened along the Interstate 495 corridor from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Initially the mall's location seemed remote as it was located far from other retail. However, the mall was able to strategically target both the affluent and booming western crescent of suburbs of Boston, while simultaneously serving as the largest mall for the Worcester area.
In comparison to other mid-range malls along the Interstate 495 corridor, the Solomon Pond Mall attempted to shoot for the upscale by courting some higher end tenants such as Victoria's Secret, Swarovski Crystal and several jeweler chains. The mall also includes an Apple Store.
On February 15, 2021, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 34 stores nationwide. The store closed on May 2, 2021.
As of 2024, the mall is currently managed by Spinoso Real Estate Group. Former owners include Pacific Retail Capital Partners and Simon Property Group.

## Gallery

* The second floor of the Solomon Pond Mall on Boxing Day 2016
* The sign on the Solomon Pond Mall on Boxing Day 2016
* The exterior of JCPenney in the Solomon Pond Mall in 2016 which is now selling appliances, JCPenney stopped selling appliances in 2019
# Kifwebe

The term kifwebe, meaning mask, refers to the traditional masks worn by the Songye and Luba peoples of the Congo. They are most often worn in performances, the purposes of which vary greatly and can be for both sacred and secular purposes.

## Uses

These masks may vary widely in shape, color, and size to signify various aspects of the characters or figures they are meant to portray. The ceremonies and performances in which kifwebe have been worn historically include funerals, secret society initiations, plays, and a number of spiritual rituals, including those for healing, fertility, and warding off hidden threats or enemies. The masks were sometimes used in ceremonies of the Kifwebe secret societies where dances of the same name were performed, and the masks were then dressed with beards of long plant fibres attached to holes on the edges of the mask (Figure A). When these beards were absent (lack of fixing holes on the border of the mask) they were called Kabemba (that means "hawks").

## Male and Female Masks

Kifwebe Masquerades are traditionally performed by all-male dancers, the masks they wear symbolize their character's gender. Female masks are often represented by white coloring, presumably from their cultural connection to the moon. Male masks are broadly represented through red, black, and white stripes. Crests on male masks are a symbol of age and wisdom.

## Gallery

* Figure A : Kifwebe with fibres beard
* Kifwebe of the Songye
* Painted kifwebe
* Painted mask
* Rounded kifwebe with incised streaks of the Luba
# Plutus (play)

Plutus (Ancient Greek: Πλοῦτος, Ploutos, "Wealth") is an Ancient Greek comedy by the playwright Aristophanes, which was first produced in 388 BC. A political satire on contemporary Athens, it features the personified god of wealth Plutus. Reflecting the development of Old Comedy towards New Comedy, it uses such familiar character types as the stupid master and the insubordinate slave to attack the morals of the time.

## Plot

The play features an elderly Athenian citizen, Chremylos, and his slave Cario or Carion. Chremylos presents himself and his family as virtuous but poor, and has accordingly gone to seek advice from an oracle. The play begins as he returns to Athens from Delphi, having been instructed by Apollo to follow the first man he meets and persuade him to come home with him. That man turns out to be the god Plutus — who is, contrary to all expectations, a blind beggar. After much argument, Plutus is convinced to enter Chremylos's house, where he will have his vision restored, meaning that "wealth" will now go only to those who deserve it in one way or another.
The first part of the play examines the idea that wealth is not distributed to the virtuous, or necessarily to the non-virtuous, but instead it is distributed randomly. Chremylos is convinced that if Plutus's eyesight can be restored, these wrongs can be righted, making the world a better place.
The second part introduces the goddess Penia (Poverty). She counters Chremylos's arguments that it is better to be rich by arguing that without poverty there would be no slaves (as every slave would buy his freedom) and no fine goods or luxury foods (as nobody would work if everyone were rich).
After Plutus's eyesight is restored at the Temple of Asclepius, he formally becomes a member of Chremylos's household. At the same time, the entire world is turned upside-down economically and socially. Unsurprisingly, this gives rise to rancorous comments and claims of unfairness from those who have been deprived of their riches.
In the end, the messenger god Hermes arrives to inform Chremylos and his family of the gods' anger. As in Aristophanes's The Birds, the gods have been starved of sacrifices, since human beings have all directed their attention to Plutus, and they no longer pay homage to the traditional Olympian gods. Hermes, worried about his own predicament, actually offers to work for the mortals and enters Chremylos's house as a servant on those conditions.

## Performance history

Plutus was the last performance of Aristophanes that occurred during his lifetime. Plutus was also one of the first Greek plays to be performed using the new (post-Reformation) pronunciation of Greek diphthongs developed by John Cheke and Thomas Smith during the 1530s, when it was enacted at St John's College, Cambridge.
# 1958 Nigerien constitutional referendum

A referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Niger on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 78% of voters.
The vote was marred by widespread irregularities and manipulation by the colonial administration to counter Djibo Bakary's virulent criticism of the referendum. As Bakary denounced de Gaulle's "economic blackmail" towards the colonies and demanded immediate independence for Niger during the congress of the African Regroupment Party, he managed to rally a majority of the congress delegates behind his cause. This led French and pro-French figureheads including Jacques Foccart, Pierre Messmer and Félix Houphouët-Boigny to decide that Bakary should be brought down. The colonial administrator Louis Rollet (seen as too conciliatory) was replaced by Don Jean Colombani [fr], who organized a massive campaign in favor of the "yes" vote. Moreover, Colombani worked with the far-right general Raoul Salan to bring death squads into villages seen as strongholds of Bakary's Sawaba and to terrorize the villagers into submission. This led to a victory for the "yes" camp in the referendum.
The French authorities would go on to push Bakary fully out of power, replace him with his cousin Hamani Diori and organize a new election for the Territorial Assembly of Niger - again marked by a campaign of repression against opponents - to consolidate the latter's power.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 372,383 | 78.43 |
| Against | Against | 102,395 | 21.57 |
| Total | Total | 474,778 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 474,778 | 96.12 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 19,175 | 3.88 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 493,953 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,320,174 | 37.42 |
| Source: Direct Democracy ||||
# Gary Comer College Prep

Gary Comer College Prep is a Level 1 public grade nine through twelve charter high school located in Chicago, Illinois' Greater Grand Crossing neighborhood. It is a part of the Noble Network of Charter Schools. It is named after the Gary Comer, the founder of Lands' End and philanthropic entrepreneur. Gary Comer founded the Comer Youth Center in 2006, with Gary Comer College Prep opening its doors in 2008, serving grades nine through twelve. In 2011, the Gary Comer College Prep Middle School opened creating two campuses under one school, serving grades six through twelve. Prior to becoming the principal of GCCP, Ms. Kelly founded Gary Comer College Prep Middle School in 2011 and served as the principal there for four years. Before joining Noble, Ms. Kelly served as the Principal of KIPP Indianapolis College Prep, a 5-8 middle school located in the inner-city of Indianapolis, IN.

## Academics

Gary Comer College Prep is rated a 5 out of 10 by GreatSchools.org, a national school quality information site. GreatSchools’ Summary Rating is based on four of the school’s themed ratings: the Test Score Rating, Student or Academic Progress Rating, College Readiness Rating, and Equity Rating and flags for discipline and attendance disparities at a school.

## Academic offerings and results

According to Chicago Public Schools, in 2018, Gary Comer College Prep's 10th grade reading results on the PSAT 10 were in the 98th percentile and student growth across all grade-levels was above average. The school has an 85% 5-year high school graduation rate.
Additionally, in 2017, a comprehensive report was released by Stanford University's Center for Education Outcomes (CREDO), which shows that students at the Noble Network of Charter Schools, of which Gary Comer College Prep is part, receive the equivalent of nearly two additional years of math education during just one normal school year.

## College readiness and college graduation rate

In an effort to incorporate college readiness into the school before 12th grade, students participate in the Summer of a Lifetime program. Through Summer of a Lifetime, scholars are provided funding and support to participate in life-changing, summer academic enrichment programs college campuses nationwide. The Noble class of 2018 included 2,300 scholars, and 98% of them were accepted to at least one college, this accumulated to over 14,700 college acceptances. Noble seniors earned a record-breaking $486 million in scholarships, including 71 recipients of the Pritzker Access Scholarship for undocumented students.
Gary Comer College Prep partners with the Gary Comer Youth Center's Comer to College initiative, a supplemental program that provides extensive resources for college access and success.
Gary Comer College Prep partners with C.H.A.M.P.S. Male Mentoring Program, which offers a culturally sensitive approach to developing the mindsets of African American and Latino young men.
# Paratepa ferruginea

Paratepa ferruginea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Federal District of Brazil.
# Kaparatti

Kaparatti is a village in Belagavi district in Karnataka, India.
# Scott Hassan

Scott Hassan is an American computer programmer and entrepreneur who was the main programmer of the original Google Search engine, then known as BackRub. He was research assistant at Stanford University at the time, after working at Washington University's Medical Libraries Group (having been recruited out of SUNY Buffalo for the summer). Hassan left before Google was officially founded as a company. He bought 160,000 Google shares for $800 when the company was founded in 1998, which would be valued at more than $200 million when Google went public in 2004, and more than $13 billion as of 2021.
In 1997 Hassan founded FindMail, later renamed to eGroups.com, an email list management web site. He owned 5.7% of eGroups in March 2000 when the company filed a Form S-1. eGroups was later bought by Yahoo! for $432m in August 2000 in a stock deal and became Yahoo! Groups.
In 2006 Hassan started Willow Garage, a robotics research lab and technology incubator. The organization created the open source robotics software suite ROS (Robot Operating System). Willow Garage shut down in early 2014.
In 2011 Hassan spun off Suitable Technologies from Willow Garage. The new company made a video-conferencing robot which saw use by figures such as Edward Snowden and President Barack Obama. Suitable failed to become profitable and filed for bankruptcy in 2020, having lost $50 million between 2013 and 2018.
# Saifuddin Zuhri

Saifuddin Zuhri (1 October 1919 – 25 March 1986) was an Indonesian politician, journalist, educator and Muslim cleric who was the Minister of Religious Affairs of Indonesia under President Sukarno and Acting President Suharto.

## Early life

Zuhri was born in Kawedanan Sokaraja, Banyumas, then of Dutch East Indies. His father Muhammad Zuhri came from religious farmers. His mother Siti Saudatun was the granddaughter of Asraruddin Kiai, an influential cleric of the time who ran a small boarding school in the area.
Zuhri was brought up with a boarding-school education. He entered the youth movement during the Indonesian National Revolution. At age 19 he was elected leader of the Ansor Youth Movement of Nahdlatul Ulama, South Central Java. At the same time, he was elected Consul of the Regional Madrasah Teachers Kedu in Nahdlatul Ulama. Zuhri became a Reuters news agency correspondent and worked for several newspapers and magazines.

## Career

At the age of 35, Zuhri was the Secretary General of the Executive Board of the Nahdlatul Ulama, chief editor of the Daily Community Ambassador, and a member of Parliament. President Sukarno made him a member of the Supreme Advisory Council at the age of 39, and then appointed him as Minister of Religion at the age of 43, replacing the resigning KH Wahib Wahab.
During his leadership as Minister of Religion, Islamic higher education in Indonesia rapidly expanded, with the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) developing in nine provinces.
Zuhri participated in the armed and political struggle for Indonesian independence. He help spread Islamic views, such as Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama'ah, the ideology of nationalism within the framework of an Islamic Indonesia.
Zuhri was appointed Commander of the Division of Central Java Hezbollah and Regional Defense Council Member of Kedu, where he led Hezbollah paramilitary forces to come together under the leadership of Col. TKR. Sudirman, and various other people. Zuhri fought a battle at Ambarawa and received the "Honorary Signs Star Guerilla" award for his efforts from the President and Commander-in-Chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces on January 4, 1965. For his efforts, Zuhri was given land grants, which he donated to local scholars to build Islamic schools on.

## Death and legacy

Zuhri wrote a book called Leaving From Boarding School, which was finished on 10 September 1985, about six months before his death, February 25, 1986. Leaving From Boarding School was published in 1987. On October 3, 1989, Zuhri was posthumously awarded the Main Book category Adult Reading Humanities field from the Minister of Education and Culture.
State Islamic Institute of Purwokerto elevated and renamed into his name and become Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri State Islamic University of Purwokerto (Indonesian: Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto) on 11 May 2021 by Presidential Decree No. 41/2021.

## Honors

At the age of 45, Zuhri was inaugurated as an Extraordinary Professor in the field of Da'wah by IAIN Sunan Kalidjaga Yogyakarta.
# 1985 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team

The 1985 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in the Western Athletic Conference during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their ninth season under head coach Dick Tomey, the Rainbow Warriors compiled a 4–6–2 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| August 31 | Kansas* | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | L 27–33 | 46,626 |
| September 14 | Utah | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | L 27–29 | 46,591 |
| September 21 | Long Beach State* | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | L 30–33 | 43,076 |
| October 5 | at Fresno State* | Bulldog StadiumFresno, CA (rivalry) | T 24–24 | 29,676 |
| October 12 | at Wyoming | War Memorial StadiumLaramie, WY (rivalry) | W 26–18 | 14,433 |
| October 19 | Pacific (CA)* | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | L 15–24 | 41,500 |
| October 26 | at New Mexico | University StadiumAlbuquerque, NM | W 27–17 | 19,111 |
| November 2 | Colorado State | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | W 34–14 | 43,451 |
| November 9 | at UTEP | Sun BowlEl Paso, TX | W 23–7 | 12,910 |
| November 23 | No. 10 Air Force | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI (rivalry) | L 20–27 | 50,000 |
| November 30 | San Diego State | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | T 10–10 | 40,316 |
| December 7 | No. 9 BYU | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | L 6–26 | 47,482 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from Coaches' Poll released prior to the game |||||