OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sơn Tịnh district

15°10′N 108°52′E﻿ / ﻿15.167°N 108.867°E﻿ / 15.167; 108.867
Sơn Tịnh (listen) is a district of Quảng Ngãi province, in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam, situated to the northeast of the town of Quảng Ngãi. The hamlet of Mỹ Lai of the Sơn Mỹ village, Tinh Khe commune was the site of the massacre of non-combatants committed by United States Army troops in 1968, today documented in Son My Memorial Park in Son My's sub-hamlet of Tu Cung.
My Khe Beach is an attractive 8 km long beach situated in the Co Luy Village of Tinh Khe commune.
Tinh Phong Industrial Park (khu công nghiệp Tịnh Phong) is located in Son Tinh District. Dai Cat Tuong textile factory (owned by Vinatex) is located here.

## Administration

The district has 21 communes (xã):
* Thị trấn Sơn Tịnh
* Tịnh Long
* Tịnh An
* Tịnh Châu
* Tịnh Thiện
* Tịnh Hòa
* Tịnh Kỳ
* Tịnh Sơn
* Tịnh Hà
* Tịnh Thọ
* Tịnh Ấn Đông
* Tịnh Ấn Tây
* Tịnh Khê
* Tịnh Bình
* Tịnh Đông
* Tịnh Trà
* Tịnh Giang
* Tịnh Minh
* Tịnh Hiệp
* Tịnh Bắc
# 2024–25 Japan Rugby League One – Division 1

The 2024–25 Japan Rugby League One – Division 1 season is the fourteenth and current season in the top-flight league of Japanese rugby, the Japan Rugby League One. The season is to be played from December 2024 through to June 2025. The competition consists of twelve teams, including one promoted team from Division 2, the Urayasu D-Rocks.

## Format

The format will consist of a round-robin fixture, before entering into a knockout style play-off for the final four teams. It featured two conferences (A, B). Teams in each conference played the teams in their respective conference twice (one at home, one away), and six matches against all the teams in the other conference, three being at home and three away. Each team played a total of sixteen seasonal fixtures, plus additional play-off matches, including relegation play-offs.

## Ladder

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | TF | TA | TB | LB | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Saitama Wild Knights | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 98 | 52 | +46 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 14 | Qualification for Play-off Semi-finals |
| 2 | Brave Lupus Tokyo | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 121 | 55 | +66 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 13 | Qualification for Play-off Semi-finals |
| 3 | Shizuoka Blue Revs | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 117 | 66 | +51 | 17 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 13 | Qualification for Play-off Semi-finals |
| 4 | Spears Tokyo Bay | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 86 | 80 | +6 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 9 | Qualification for Play-off Semi-finals |
| 5 | Mie Heat | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 71 | 70 | +1 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 9 | |
| 6 | Kobe Steelers | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 75 | 65 | +10 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 7 | |
| 7 | Yokohama Eagles | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 79 | 76 | +3 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |
| 8 | Black Rams Tokyo | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 70 | 94 | −24 | 9 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 5 | |
| 9 | Sagamihara DynaBoars | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 73 | 120 | −47 | 10 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 5 | |
| 10 | Toyota Verblitz | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 74 | 81 | −7 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 4 | Qualification for relegation play-offs |
| 11 | Tokyo Sungoliath | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 74 | 96 | −22 | 9 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Qualification for relegation play-offs |
| 12 | Urayasu D-Rocks | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 50 | 133 | −83 | 7 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Qualification for relegation play-offs |

## Fixtures

Each team will play five teams twice and six teams once for a total of sixteen home and away matches.
| Home \ Away | BRT | BLT | KS | MH | SDB | SWK | SBR | STB | TSG | TV | UDR | YE |
| Black Rams Tokyo | — | | | | | 16–39 | | | | | | |
| Brave Lupus Tokyo | | — | 32–26 | | 61–8 | | | | | | | |
| Kobe Steelers | | | — | | | | | | | | | 36–18 |
| Mie Heat | 23–21 | | | — | | | | 27–32 | | | | |
| Sagamihara DynaBoars | | | | | — | | 34–40 | | | | 31–19 | |
| Saitama Wild Knights | | | | | | — | | 26–24 | | | | |
| Shizuoka Blue Revs | | | 15–13 | | | | — | | | | | |
| Spears Tokyo Bay | | | | | | | | — | | 30–27 | | |
| Tokyo Sungoliath | | | | | | 12–33 | | | — | 30–30 | | |
| Toyota Verblitz | | | | 17–21 | | | | | | — | | |
| Urayasu D-Rocks | | | | | | | 19–62 | | | | — | 12–40 |
| Yokohama Eagles | | 21–28 | | | | | | | | | | — |
# Vesey-Fitzgerald

Vesey-FItzgerald is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brian Vesey-Fitzgerald (1900–1981), a naturalist
* Desmond Vesey-Fitzgerald (1909–1974), an Irish-born entomologist, conservationist, and plant collector
* Seymour Gonne Vesey-FitzGerald, 1884–1954), British colonial civil servant, barrister, and legal academic
* Seymour Vesey-FitzGerald (1818–1885), Anglo-Irish politician and colonial administrator
* William Vesey-FitzGerald, 2nd Baron FitzGerald and Vesey (1783–1843), Irish statesman, MP for Clare, Newport, Lostwithiel, and Ennis
* William Vesey-FitzGerald (1818–1885), British politician and MP for Horsham, 1848, 1852–1865, 1874–1875
# 1975 King's Cup

The 1975 King's Cup were held from December 20, 1975, until January 4, 1976, once again in Bangkok. This was the 8th edition of the international football competition. South Korea were set to defend the title they won in 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 and 1974
The tournaments schedule was changed from previous editions and only featured one group with 6 teams. The winners and runners up entered a final.

## Fixtures and results
### Group stage

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| South Korea | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 3 | +12 | 8 |
| Burma | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 4 | +6 | 7 |
| Thailand | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 7 |
| Malaysia | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 8 | −5 | 3 |
| Singapore | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 12 | −11 | 3 |
| Indonesia | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 | −4 | 2 |
Indonesia were mainly composed of players from Persib and Persija, were the official representatives of the PSSI (FA of Indonesia)

### Final
## Winner

* 1975 King's Cup champion
* South Korea 6th title
# Serbs in Luxembourg

Serbian Luxembourger are citizens of Luxembourg who are of Serbian origin. According to the Serbian Ambassador to Belgium and Luxembourg, there are approximately 7,000 Serbs living in Luxembourg, approximately 1.2% of its population.

## Notable people

* Sergio Pupovac, footballer
* Vahid Selimović, footballer
* Danel Sinani, footballer
* Meris Šehović, politician
# Busstation Elandsgracht

The Elandsgracht bus station is a bus station for regional transport, on the corner of Marnixstraat and Elandsgracht on the western side of the center of Amsterdam. The bus station was known as Marnixstraat bus station until December 2014.

## History

The bus station was built in 1957 on the site of the former Appeltjesmarkt, a fruit and vegetable market on the edge of the Jordaan neighborhood. The bus station was known as Marnixstraat bus station.

## Lines

The following lines have their terminus at the bus station itself:
| Line | Operator | Concession | Kind | Route | Comments |
| Bus line 80 (Zandvoort-Amsterdam) 80 | Connexxion | Haarlem-IJmond | Regional bus | Amsterdam Elandsgracht - Haarlem - Zandvoort | |
| 257 | Connexxion | Amstelland-Meerlanden | Rush hour bus | (Amsterdam Elandsgracht →) Haarlemmermeerstation → Amstelveen → Aalsmeer | The route Elandsgracht → Haarlemmermeerstation is only served on Thursdays and Fridays. |
| 347 | Connexxion | Amstelland-Meerlanden | R-net | Amsterdam Elandsgracht - Amstelveen - Uithoorn | |
| 357 | Connexxion | Amstelland-Meerlanden | R-net | Amsterdam Elandsgracht - Amstelveen - Aalsmeer | |
| 397 | Connexxion | Amstelland-Meerlanden | R-net | Amsterdam Elandsgracht - Schiphol - Hoofddorp - Nieuw-Vennep | |
| Updated on 4 December 2021 om 16:26 (CET) ||||||
Outside the bus station are stops for the following tram and bus lines:
| Line | Operator | Concession | Kind | Route | Comments |
| Tramlijn 5 (Amsterdam) 5 | GVB | Amsterdam | Tram | Amstelveen Stadshart - Station Zuid - Leidseplein - Westergasfabriek (Van Hallstraat) | |
| Tramlijn 7 (Amsterdam) 7 | GVB | Amsterdam | Tram | Slotermeer - Mercatorplein - Leidsplein - Alexanderplein - Azartplein | |
| Tramlijn 17 (Amsterdam) 17 | GVB | Amsterdam | Tram | Centraal Station - Kinkerstraat - Station Lelylaan - Osdorp Dijkgraafplein | |
| Tramlijn 19 (Amsterdam) 19 | GVB | Amsterdam | Tram | Station Sloterdijk – Bos en Lommer – Leidseplein – Vijzelgracht – Watergraafsmeer – Diemen Sniep | |
| N47 | Connexxion | Amstelland-Meerlanden | Night bus | Amsterdam Centraal – Amstelveen – Bovenkerk – Uithoorn | night version of line 347 |
| N57 | Connexxion | Amstelland-Meerlanden | Night bus | Amsterdam Centraal - Amstelveen - Aalsmeer | night version of line 357 |
| N80 | Connexxion | Haarlem-IJmond | Night bus | Amsterdam Leidseplein → Haarlem → Beverwijk | |
| N83 | GVB | Amsterdam | Night bus | Centraal Station - Osdorp | |
| N84 | GVB | Amsterdam | Night bus | Centraal Station - Zuid - Amstelveen | |
| N88 | GVB | Amsterdam | Night bus | Centraal Station – West – Nieuw Sloten | |
| N97 | Connexxion | Amstelland-Meerlanden | Night bus | Amsterdam Centraal – Stadionplein – Schiphol – Hoofddorp – Nieuw-Vennep | night version of line 397 |
| Updated on 12 December 2021 om 18:34 (CET) ||||||
# Ray Hamann

Raymond Henry Hamann (August 19, 1911 – May 7, 2005) was an American professional basketball player and college coach. By playing in the National Basketball League for the Oshkosh All-Stars during the 1937–38 and 1938–39 seasons, Hamann became the first South Dakotan to play organized professional basketball. He also competed for the All-Stars when they were a barnstorming independent team.
Hamann played college basketball at Wisconsin from 1932–33 to 1934–35 and helped guide the Badgers to a co-conference championship as a senior. During his professional career he coached basketball at Kimberly and Appleton high schools. He served in the Navy during World War II. When he returned, Hamann earned a master's degree from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, while also serving as their head men's basketball coach from 1942–43 to 1944–45. Although he compiled a cumulative record of 11 wins and 15 losses, he led the Vikings to a Midwest Conference championship in his first season.
Hamann died on May 7, 2005, in his hometown of Yankton, South Dakota.
# Wike

Wike, WIKE, or Wyke may refer to:

## People
### Surname

* Eberechi Wike, a Rivers State High Court judge
* Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, Nigerian politician
* Tasie Wike, a Nigerian lawyer

## Places

* Wike, West Yorkshire, a hamlet in Leeds, England
* Wyke, Bradford, an area in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England

## Technology

* WIKE, a radio station in the United States
# Taekwondo at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's poomsae individual

The men's poomsae individual competition of the taekwondo events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile, was held on October 21 at the Contact Sports Center. A total of 10 athletes from 10 NOC's competed.

## Qualification

A total of 10 athletes qualified to compete in the men's Poomsae individual event. The host nation, Chile, automatically qualified automatically and the quotas spots will be awarded at the qualification tournament held in Rio de Janeiro in March 2023. The final quota spots were awarded as wildcards.

## Results
### Bracket

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | Elian Ortega (NCA) | Elian Ortega (NCA) | 7.670 | | | | | | |
| Anthony Do (USA) | Anthony Do (USA) | 7.430 | Anthony Do (USA) | Anthony Do (USA) | 7.460 | | | | | | |
| Jinsu Ha (CAN) | Jinsu Ha (CAN) | 7.300 | | | | Elian Ortega (NCA) | Elian Ortega (NCA) | 7.760 | | | |
| | | | | | | Luis Colon (PUR) | Luis Colon (PUR) | 7.110 | | | |
| | | | Luis Colon (PUR) | Luis Colon (PUR) | 7.410 | | | | | | |
| | | | Jonathan Farias (CHI) | Jonathan Farias (CHI) | 7.360 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Elian Ortega (NCA) | Elian Ortega (NCA) | 7.880 |
| | | | | | | | | | William Arroyo (MEX) | William Arroyo (MEX) | 7.990 |
| | | | William Arroyo (MEX) | William Arroyo (MEX) | 7.730 | | | | | | |
| | | | Dario Navarro (CUB) | Dario Navarro (CUB) | 7.470 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | William Arroyo (MEX) | William Arroyo (MEX) | 7.850 | | | |
| Hector Morales (EAI) | Hector Morales (EAI) | 7.110 | | | | Hugo del Castillo (PER) | Hugo del Castillo (PER) | 7.770 | | | |
| Mario Troya (ECU) | Mario Troya (ECU) | 7.160 | Mario Troya (ECU) | Mario Troya (ECU) | 7.150 | | | | | | |
| | | | Hugo del Castillo (PER) | Hugo del Castillo (PER) | 7.630 | | | | | | |
# Hans L. Zetterberg

Hans L. Zetterberg (3 May 1927 - 28 November 2014) was a Swedish liberal-conservative sociologist.

## Education

He studied at Uppsala University and the University of Minnesota and received an honorary doctorate from Umeå University Zetterberg worked at Columbia University 1953–1964; he was Barney Glaser's doctoral advisor.

## Publications

* Zetterberg, Hans Lennart. On Theory and Verification in Sociology. New Jersey: Bedminster Press, 1966.(3rd edition) According to WorldCat, the book is held in 830 libraries
* Zetterberg, Hans Lennart. Sociology in the United States of America; A Trend Report. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1973.
* Zetterberg, Hans Lennart. Sociological Endeavor. Milton: Routledge, 2018.
* Zetterberg, Hans Lennart. Museums and Adult Education. New York: A.M. Kelley for the International Council of Museums, 1969.
* Zetterberg, Hans Lennart, and Graham Fennell. Sexual Life in Sweden. 2021.
# Brigitte Steden

Brigitte Gertrud Steden (16 March 1949 – 14 April 1999), also known as Brigitte Potthoff and Brigitte Pickartz, was a badminton player from Germany. Brigitte won a bronze medal in 1972 Munich Olympics when Badminton was played as a demonstration sport. She also won medals at the European Championships and is a winner of several other international tournaments in Germany, Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Sweden. Her most notable achievements include runner-up performance at the 1975 All England Open.

## Achievements
### Olympic Games (demonstration)

Mixed doubles :
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 1972 | Munich, West Germany | Roland Maywald | Derek Talbot Gillian Gilks | 10–15, 8–15 | Bronze |

### European Championships

Mixed doubles :
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 1972 | Karlskrona, Sweden | Roland Maywald | Derek Talbot Gillian Gilks | 1–15, 9–15 | Bronze |

### International tournaments

Women's singles :
| Year | Tournament | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 1969 | Swiss Open | –, – | –, – | Winner |
| 1971 | French Open | Gerda Schumacher | 11–1, 1–11, 11–6 | Winner |
| 1975 | German Open | Joke van Beusekom | 7–11, 11–3, 4–11 | Runner-up |
| 1977 | German Open | Margaret Lockwood | 7–11, 3–11 | Runner-up |
Women's doubles :
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 1969 | Swiss Open | June Jacques | –, – | –, – | Winner |
| 1971 | French Open | June Jacques | Antonie Schwabe Karin Schäfers | 5–15, 15–9, 15–11 | Winner |
| 1974 | Swedish Open | Marieluise Zizmann | Barbara Giles Heather Nielsen | –, – | Runner-up |
| 1974 | Dutch Open | Marieluise Zizmann | Anette Börjesson Eva Stuart | –, – | Winner |
| 1974 | German Open | Marieluise Zizmann | Gillian Gilks Margaret Beck | 12–15, 15–12, 6–15 | Runner-up |
| 1975 | German Open | Marieluise Zizmann | Joke van Beusekom Marjan Luesken | 7–15, 15–11, 15–0 | Winner |
| 1977 | Czechoslovakian International | Marieluise Zizmann | Angela Michalowski Monika Cassens | 10–15, 12–15 | Runner-up |
| 1980 | Victor Cup | Elke Weber | Jane Webster Nora Perry | 5–15, 5–15 | Runner-up |
Mixed doubles :
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 1971 | French Open | Klaus Steden | Heinz-Jürgen Fischer Karin Schäfers | 15–10, 15–7 | Winner |
| 1972 | Dutch Open | Roland Maywald | –, – | –, – | Winner |
| 1974 | Swedish Open | Roland Maywald | Henning Borch Ulla Strand | –, – | Winner |
| 1974 | Dutch Open | Roland Maywald | Wolfgang Bochow Marieluise Zizmann | –, – | Winner |
| 1974 | German Open | Roland Maywald | Wolfgang Bochow Marieluise Zizmann | 15–11, 15–6 | Winner |
| 1975 | All England Open | Roland Maywald | Elliot Stuart Nora Gardner | 9–15, 3–15 | Runner-up |
| 1977 | Czechoslovakian International | Roland Maywald | Rob Ridder Marjan Ridder | 10–15, 9–15 | Runner-up |
# Sante D'Orazio

Sante D'Orazio (born January 23, 1956) is an American photographer. D'Orazio exhibited in the Kunsthaus Munich, Kunsthauswien Vienna, the L.A. County Museum, Kahmann Gallery (Amsterdam), Stellan Holm Gallery (New York), Cameraworks Gallery (Berlin) Hilario Galguera Gallery (Mexico City), and NRW Forum in Düsseldorf. His publications include: A Private View, Sante D'Orazio Photographs, Pam: American Icon, Katlick School, Gianni and Donatella, and Barely Private.

## Books

* A Private View. Penguin Books, 1998. ISBN 3-8296-0247-2. Photographs and diary pages covering his photography career.
* Sante D'Orazio Photographs. Arena Editions, 2000. Photographs from his professional and personal work.
* Pam: American Icon. Schirmer/Mosel, 2005. ISBN 978-2-930487-06-9. Photographs of Pamela Anderson
* Katlick School. teNeues, 2006.
* Gianni and Donatella. teNeues, 2007.
* Barely Private - A Diary Book 1997-Present. Taschen, 2009. ISBN 978-3-8365-1460-6

## Exhibitions

* 2010 Scratch This, Hiliario Galuera Gallery, Leipzig, Germany (solo) In Dialogue, Anonymous Gallery/Collective Hardware, New York, NY (catalog).
* 2009 Barely Private, Milk Gallery, New York, NY (solo) Scratch This / A Film, Paradise Row Gallery, Frieze Art Fair, London.
* 2008 Pam: American Icon, Alain Noirhomme Galerie, Belgium Double Cross, NRW Forum, Duesseldorf, Germany Gianni and Donatella, Orvieto, Italy Untitled, Hilario Gaguera Gallery, San Rafael, Mexico.
* 2007 Katlick School, Stellan Holm Gallery, New York, NY.
* 2006 Pam: American Icon, Kunsthausewien, Vienna, Austria.
* 2005 Pamela Anderson: Icon, Kunstaus, Munich, Germany Pamela Andersion: Icon, Stellan Holm Gal- lery, New York, NY.
* 2004 Pixels, Stellan Holm Gallery, New York, NY.
* 2003 Rolling Stones, Cameraworks Gallery, Berlin, Germany.

## Personal life

D'Orazio was married to fashion model Kara Young from 1994 to 1998. They had one son together, Nickola, also a photographer.

## Quotes

   "Everybody has a different approach to it, but I always tell people: learn how to stop thinking. Once you start thinking with the camera in your hand, you’ve lost the picture. If you had time to think, the picture’s gone."
   – Sante D'Orazio, In a 2023 interview with The Trops
# Ewald's sphere

The Ewald sphere is a geometric construction used in electron, neutron, and x-ray diffraction which shows the relationship between:
* the wavevector of the incident and diffracted beams,
* the diffraction angle for a given reflection,
* the reciprocal lattice of the crystal.
It was conceived by Paul Peter Ewald, a German physicist and crystallographer. Ewald himself spoke of the sphere of reflection. It is often simplified to the two-dimensional "Ewald's circle" model or may be referred to as the Ewald sphere.

## Ewald construction

A crystal can be described as a lattice of atoms, which in turn leads to the reciprocal lattice. With electrons, neutrons or x-rays there is diffraction by the atoms, and if there is an incident plane wave $\exp(2\pi i\mathbf {k_{0}} \cdot \mathbf {r} )$ with a wavevector $\mathbf {k_{0}}$, there will be outgoing wavevectors $\mathbf {k_{1}}$ and $\mathbf {k_{2}}$ as shown in the diagram after the wave has been diffracted by the atoms.
The energy of the waves (electron, neutron or x-ray) depends upon the magnitude of the wavevector, so if there is no change in energy (elastic scattering) these have the same magnitude, that is they must all lie on the Ewald sphere. In the Figure the red dot is the origin for the wavevectors, the black spots are reciprocal lattice points (vectors) and shown in blue are three wavevectors. For the wavevector $\mathbf {k_{1}}$ the corresponding reciprocal lattice point $\mathbf {g_{1}}$ lies on the Ewald sphere, which is the condition for Bragg diffraction. For $\mathbf {k_{2}}$ the corresponding reciprocal lattice point $\mathbf {g_{2}}$ is off the Ewald sphere, so $\mathbf {k_{2}} =\mathbf {k_{0}} +\mathbf {g_{2}} +\mathbf {s}$ where $\mathbf {s}$ is called the excitation error. The amplitude and also intensity of diffraction into the wavevector $\mathbf {k_{2}}$ depends upon the Fourier transform of the shape of the sample, the excitation error $\mathbf {s}$, the structure factor for the relevant reciprocal lattice vector, and also whether the scattering is weak or strong. For neutrons and x-rays the scattering is generally weak so there is mainly Bragg diffraction, but it is much stronger for electron diffraction.
# Angela Bairstow

Angela Bairstow (1942–2016) was an English international badminton player.

## Early life

She lived on Plough Lane, in Purley. She attended Dinorben School, a private girls school, on Woodcote Lane (A237) in Wallington.

## Badminton career

She first came to prominence in 1958 when she won the English National Junior singles title. Further wins followed in 1959 and 1960; in addition she won four English National Junior doubles titles. After the step up to senior competition she reached the final of the 1963 All England Badminton Championships singles losing out to Judy Hashman. In 1963 at the All England Championships she was seeded to win in the Singles, Doubles and the Mixed.
Although never winning an All England title Bairstow became a significant player for England winning a host of titles from 1964 to 1968 including the Scottish Open, German Open, Dutch Open, Asia Cup, Irish Open, English National Badminton Championships and European Badminton Championships.
In 1965 Bairstow won the Dutch open in Singles, Doubles and Mixed in the same year with another three Dutch titles afterwards. She repeated the triple at the second Asian Championships in 1965 in Lucknow. After which the organisers banned non-Asian players from entering. Bairstow brought to prominence a deceptive backhand sliced serve and flick. She is the only player in history who won medals in both Asian and European Championships.
Bairstow represented England and won two golds and one silver medal, at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica.

## Personal life

She married her coach, H. Ian Palmer, in 1970 and had three children (born 1969, 1970 and 1972) and four grandchildren.

## Medal Record at the All England Badminton Championships

| Medal | Year | Event |
| | 1963 | Women's singles |
# Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1

The Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1, or LCS-1, is a large aluminium sphere in Earth orbit since 6 May 1965. It is still in use, having lasted for over 50 years. The sphere was launched along with the Lincoln Experimental Satellite-2 on a Titan IIIA. It is technically the oldest operational spacecraft, but it has no power supply or fuel; it is merely a passive metal sphere. LCS-1 has been used for radar calibration since its launch. It was built by Rohr. Corp. for the MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
LCS-1 is a hollow sphere 1.12 m (3 ft 8 in) in diameter with a wall thickness of 3.2 mm (0.13 in). The sphere was constructed from two hemispheres, made by spinning sheet metal over a mold. These hemispheres were fastened to an internal, circumferential hoop by 440 countersunk screws, then milled and polished. The initial finish had a surface roughness less than 10 micrometres and was expected to last for five years. Since its launch, I-band measurements have shown periodic deviations that likely correspond to one or more new surface irregularities.
Before being launched to orbit, the optical cross section of the LCS-1 was measured in L, S, C, X and K microwave bands. Four other spheres were also manufactured and measured for comparison to the one in orbit.