OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coddle

Coddle (sometimes Dublin coddle; Irish: cadal) is an Irish dish which is often made to use up leftovers. It most commonly consists of layers of roughly sliced pork sausages and rashers (thinly sliced, somewhat-fatty back bacon) with chunky potatoes, sliced onion, salt, pepper, and herbs. Traditionally, it can also include barley.
Coddle is particularly associated with Dublin, the capital of Ireland. It was reputedly a favourite dish of the writers Seán O'Casey and Jonathan Swift, and it appears in several references to Dublin, including the works of James Joyce.
The dish is braised in the stock produced by boiling the pieces of bacon and sausages. The dish is cooked in a pot with a well-fitting lid in order to steam the ingredients left uncovered by the broth. Sometimes raw sliced potato is added, but traditionally is eaten with bread. The only seasonings are usually salt, pepper, and occasionally parsley.

## Etymology

The name comes from the verb coddle, meaning to cook food in water below boiling (see coddled egg), which in turn derives from caudle, which comes from the French term meaning ‘to boil gently, parboil or stew’.

## Significance in Irish popular culture

Because coddle is seen as particular to Dublin, and because of its unappetising appearance to those who have not seen it before, many Dubliners are defensive of the dish. As with other controversial national dishes such as casu martzu, escargot or hákarl, enthusiasts take the revulsion of the uninitiated as a point of pride—in particular, many coddle enthusiasts see browning the sausages as an unacceptable cop-out.
# Tropical Campfires

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Tropical Campfires, originally known as Tropical Campfire's, is an album by Michael Nesmith released in 1992 after Nesmith's 13-year hiatus from making studio albums. It is the 9th and final Nesmith album to feature guitarist Red Rhodes, who died in 1995.
Allmusic writes that "Along with Lindsey Buckingham's Out of the Cradle, this album may be one of the finest and most underrated albums of the 1990s."
The seemingly incorrect original spelling of the album's title comes from an excerpt printed inside the CD booklet: "Now she must navigate by the southwestern tropical campfire's mambo raga songs, their sounds rising from the desert floor ..." There is an additional dimension to this seeming misspelling--that of Nesmith's subtextual "commentary" on the naivetè and provincialty of the so-called American "middle class", whose inattention to correct English grammar freely adds or subtracts apostrophes to or from words ending in "s". (See mailbox spellings on your next trip through rural America, especially in Southern states,) The original 1992 CD on Pacific Arts reads "campfire's" but the 2001 and 2008 reissues have the apostrophe missing from the cover artwork.
As an additional subtextual commentary, the lyrics to Ary Barroso's classic samba "Acquarella do Brasil", on this album, which Nesmith retitles "Brazil" here, are sung in Spanish, a not-so-subtle dig at the American tendency to discount other cultures. (The original lyrics are in Portuguese, Brazil's national language.)
All versions of this album were released encoded in the Dolby Digital Pro-Logic surround sound format.

## Track listing

All songs written by Michael Nesmith except where otherwise noted.
* "Yellow Butterfly" – 5:22
* "Laugh Kills Lonesome" – 4:12
* "Moon Over the Rio Grande" – 5:58
* "One... " – 5:19
* "Juliana" – 6:09
* "Brazil" (Bob Russell, Ary Barroso, Russell Sidney) – 5:35
* "In the Still of the Night" (Cole Porter) – 3:09
* "Rising in Love" – 4:42
* "Begin the Beguine" (Cole Porter) – 5:18
* "I Am Not That" – 2:45
* "...for the Island" – 5:18
* "Twilight on the Trail" – 4:28

## Personnel

* Michael Nesmith – guitar, vocals, liner notes
* Joe Chemay – bass, background vocals
* John Jorgenson – guitar, mandolin, background vocals
* John Hobbs – keyboards, background vocals
* Red Rhodes – guitar, pedal steel guitar
* Luis Conte – percussion
* Nelson Stump - cowbell
* Robbie Sneddon - percussion, harp
Production notes
* Michael Nesmith – producer
* Mike McDonald – engineer
* Peter Rynston – mastering
* Jeff Adamoff – art direction
* Henry Diltz – photography
* Val Jennings – project coordinator
* Jeff Lancaster – design
* Stan Watts – illustrations
# Liver segment

A liver segment is one of eight segments of the liver as described in the widely used Couinaud classification (named after Claude Couinaud) in the anatomy of the liver. This system divides the lobes of the liver into eight segments based on a transverse plane through the bifurcation of the main portal vein, arranged in a clockwise manner starting from the caudate lobe.

## Couinaud segments

There are four lobes of the liver. The Couinaud classification of liver anatomy then further divides the liver into eight functionally independent segments. Each segment has its own vascular inflow, outflow and biliary drainage. In the centre of each segment there is a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct. In the periphery of each segment there is vascular outflow through the hepatic veins. The division of the liver into independent units means that segments can be resected without damaging the remaining segments. To preserve the viability of the liver following surgery, resections follow the vessels defining the peripheries of each segment. This means that resection lines parallel the hepatic veins, leaving the portal veins, bile ducts, and hepatic arteries intact.
The classification system uses the vascular supply in the liver to separate the functional segments (numbered I to VIII)

### Caudate lobe

Segment I is the caudate lobe and is situated posteriorly. It may receive its supply from both the right and the left branches of portal vein. It contains one or more hepatic veins which drain directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC).
The caudate lobe is a separate structure which receives blood flow from both the right- and left-sided vascular branches.
The Caudate lobe includes: (1) the Spiegel lobe; (2) the paracaval portion; and (3) the caudate process portion. The Spiegel lobe has its portal venous and biliary branches ramified mainly from the left-side tract. The Paracaval portion has the portal venous branches ramified mainly from the left portal vein, while the biliary branches of this portion drained into the right and left biliary tracts at almost equal frequencies. The portal venous branches & Biliary branches of the caudate process portion has it ramified from the right-side tract.

### Left lobe

Segments II and III lie medial to the falciform ligament with II superior to the portal venous supply and III inferior. Segment IV lies lateral to the falciform ligament and is subdivided into IVa (superior) and IVb (inferior).

### Right lobe

Segments V to VIII make up the right part of the liver:
* Segment V is the most medial and inferior
* Segment VI is located more posteriorly
* Segment VII is located above segment VI
* Segment VIII sits above segment V in the superior-medial position

### Quadrate lobe

The fissure for the round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres) separates the medial and lateral parts of segment IV. The inferior medial segment (IVb) is also called the quadrate lobe.

## Society

The clockwise numbering of liver segments in Couinaud's classification is said to have been inspired by the numbering of arrondissements (administrative districts) of Paris.
# Pacific Command Water Transport Company, RCASC

The Pacific Command Water Transport Company, RCASC, was a secret freight-patrol shipping unit of the Canadian Army based at Vancouver, British Columbia, during the Second World War. The unit fell under the jurisdiction of Pacific Command, the Canadian Army formation responsible for defending the Pacific Coast of Canada against Japanese attack.

## History

Based at the Old Vancouver Hotel and the RCASC wharf (Vancouver) under the command of Major C.G. Matthews, the Pacific Command Water Transport Company of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps was formed in 1942, utilizing fishing packers and seiners leased from local civilians for army use. The company was tasked with resupplying camps established to build a telephone line from British Columbia to Dutch Harbor, Alaska, after the Aleutian Islands Attu and Kiska were occupied by Japanese Imperial Forces. Upon completion of the communication link, the Water Transport Company was assigned with resupplying freight and personnel to remote Royal Canadian Air Force radar stations on the west coast of British Columbia, basing ships at Coal Harbour, Port Alberni, and Prince Rupert. The company maintained an estimated 70 vessels (including scows) in its order-of-battle, each motor vessel mounted with a twin-Lewis Gun .303 battery and Lee–Enfield rifles for all crewmembers, usually eight other-ranks soldiers.
On 6 March 1945, after the munitions freighter Greenhill Park exploded in Vancouver harbour, the MV General Kennedy, MV General Mackenzie, MV Brigadier Sutherland Brown, and MV General Cotton (skippered by Warrant Officer 'Dutchy' Knox) rendered assistance, towing the stricken vessel to outer harbour in preparation for beaching. The company also towed targets for Royal Canadian Artillery coastal gunnery practice. Ships in the Water Transport Company, RCASC, sailed under their own distinctive flag, a maritime blue ensign with crossed swords on the fly. The company was disbanded in 1945.

## Ships

* MLC No. 42
* MV Anna M (Z49) (Skipper: G. Wilson)
* MV Brigadier Sutherland Brown
* MV Brigadier D.J. Macdonald
* MV Colonel Greer
* MV Colonel Holmes
* MV Colonel Lawson
* MV Colonel Ogilvy
* MV Colonel Peters
* MV Colonel Roy
* MV Colonel Stuart
* MV Colonel Wadmore
* MV Colonel Ward
* MV Colonel Robinson
* MV General Anderson (Z27)
* MV General Cotton (Z72) (Skipper: W.O. 'Dutchy' Knox)
* MV General Hertzberg
* MV General Kennedy
* MV General Lake
* MV General Leckie
* MV General Mackenzie
* MV Good Partner
* MV Lady Rose
* PPL 42
* PPL 45
* PPL 144
* RCASC No. 2 (scow)
* RCASC No. 5
* RCASC No. 6
* RCASC No. 9
* RCASC No. 10
* RCASC No. 23 (range target-towing speed boat; 24 knots [44 km/h; 28 mph])
* RCASC No. 26
# Chen Lifu

Chen Lifu or Ch'en Li-fu (simplified Chinese: 陈立夫; traditional Chinese: 陳立夫; pinyin: Chén lì-fū; 21 August 1900 – 8 February 2001) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was a close advisor of Chiang Kai-shek. With his brother Chen Guofu, he led the CC Clique.

## Life and career

Chen was born in Wuxing, Zhejiang, China (modern Huzhou). In 1925, Chen formally joined Kuomintang (KMT) in San Francisco after receiving his master's degree in mining engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. On January 9, 1926, Chiang Kai-shek hired Chen as his confidential secretary. In 1927, Chiang appointed Chen to head the Investigation Section of the Organization Department of the KMT Chen and elder brother Chen Guofu became heads of the Kuomintang's secret service, leading a political faction known as the CC Clique.
In late 1935, China faced the looming threat of war with Japan, and Chiang decided to Chen to the Soviet Union to negotiate a treaty of mutual military assistance. However, although Chen flew to Berlin in disguise, prepared to go on to Moscow, preliminary negotiations broke down and he was recalled. In the fall of 1936, Chen was Chiang's representative at a series of secret meetings with Chinese Communist Party representative Pan Hannian, where the two sides attempted to negotiate a united front against the Japanese. This attempt failed, leading to the Xi'an Incident.
In 1938, Chen was again promoted, becoming the minister of education. Chen held this position until 1944.
# Roger Jose

Roger Jose (c. 1893 – 7 October 1963) was a hermit and labourer who spent much of his life in Borroloola in the Northern Territory of Australia. He was a self-acknowledged eccentric and one of the region's most famous outback characters.

## Life in the Northern Territory

Little is known of Jose's early life and it is thought he was likely born in New South Wales, but details of who his family were are unknown.
It is known that Jose arrived in Borroloola in 1916 after having walked there from Cunnamulla in Queensland. This is a distance of more than 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi). After first arriving in the region Jose began working for various cattle station in the region where he was primarily employed working on fences and building yards; he also worked maintaining the track between Borroloola and Anthony's Lagoon.
In the 1920s he spent a period of time living in Darwin where he married Maggie, a Marranunggu woman from the Adelaide River region. Maggie died in the 1950s and after her death Jose married her sister Biddy.
From the 1930s Jose begun to rarely leave his home at Borroloola, which was constructed out of a corrugated iron tank (which was 5,000 liters (1,300 U.S. gal)) with a roof and holes for windows and a door. In this way he became a well-known and celebrated hermit who met with and was interviewed by many passing through the region. During this period he lived a very isolated life and lived at subsistence level, surviving off snakes, yams, lily roots and birds (he refused to eat pelicans); he was also known to be a heavy drinker and his drinks of choice where rum and methylated spirits.
He dressed distinctly and often wore wallaby hide slippers, a tea cosy for a hat and a heavy coat which he claimed helped 'keep out the hot air' in the tropical region. Despite his hermit status he lived in close contact with the local Yanyuwa people.
He read most of the town's small library collection before the library was closed and would often quote from Shakespeare and the Bible, despite being an atheist. He also wrote his own poetry, which was never published. Jose also wrote frequent letters to the editor of the The Northern Standard.
In 1933 Jose was featured in an article written by Ernestine Hill entitled "The last of the Beachcombers" in which she frequently compares him to Bill Harney and says that:
   As the last of the beach-combers, men who in a generation of clerks and salesmen can yet wrest their living from sheer wilderness, richly do they deserve to be... The most extraordinary feature in the extraordinary lives of these men is that they have practically dispensed with civilisation.
In 1962 Jose was interviewed by David Attenborough and featured in an episode of Quest Under Capricorn called "Hermits of Borroloola". This episode was first broadcast in 1963.
He was the subject of a song "Roger was no death adder" by Ted Egan.
He died at his home on 7 October 1963 and was survived by his wife Biddy.
# South Dakota Initiated Measure 27

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South Dakota Initiated Measure 27 was a 2022 voter initiative to legalize non-medical cannabis in the U.S. state of South Dakota. The initiative was certified by the South Dakota Secretary of State for the 2022 ballot on May 25, 2022. South Dakotans for Better Marijuana Laws (SDBML) organized the petition drive, and it was opposed by Protecting South Dakota Kids.
The initiative received a 52.92% no vote in the November 2022 election, and did not become law.
# Tian Xiuying

Imperial Noble Consort Gongshu (Chinese: 恭淑皇貴妃; 1611 – 16 October 1642), also known as Imperial Noble Consort Tian (田皇貴妃), Noble Consort Tian (田貴妃), or Consort Tian (田妃), personal name Tian Xiuying (田秀英), was a Chinese imperial consort married to the Chongzhen Emperor, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty. She was the favourite concubine of the emperor.

## Life

Tian Xiuying was native of Shaanxi Province, the daughter of Tian Hongyu [zh] and Lady Wu. Some other records noted that Consort Tian was not the biological daughter of Tian Hongyu. Her mother was previously a woman proficient in music and painting. Xiuying was adopted by Tian Hongyu after the marriage.
After a time, the Tian family moved from Shaanxi to Yangzhou Prefecture. When Chongzhen was still the prince of Xin, He married Lady Tian as his concubine. After he ascended to the throne, Lady Tian was named as his Noble Consort.
In the 5th year of Chongzhen, Noble Consort Tian gave birth to her first child, a son named Cizhao, who would disappear during the invasion of Beijing in 1644. He would later be posthumously named as Prince Daoyong (永悼王). One year later she gave birth to another son named Cihuan, entitled as Prince Daoling (悼靈王). Cihuan would die prematurely in 1637. In the same year, she had another son, Cican known as Prince Daohuai (悼懷王). The 6th prince would die on 5 May 1639 when he was 3. She had one more son, Prince Daoliang (悼良王). All of her sons died in childhood.
Although Noble Consort Tian was deeply favored by Emperor Chongzhen, her relationship with Empress Zhou was very tense, while Consort Shu, another concubine, got along very well with Empress Zhou.
In 1641 she was named as Imperial Noble Consort (皇貴妃; huáng guì fēi) and one year later in 1642 she died in Palace of Heavenly Grace (承乾宫). After her death, her sister, Tian Shuying (田淑英), was meant to enter the imperial harem.
After the fall of Beijing in 1644 to the armies of the rebel Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty, the bodies of the Chongzhen Emperor and Empress Zhou were buried in the tomb of Noble Consort Tian, which was declared as Imperial Mausoleum Siling by Li Zicheng, with a much smaller scale compared to the other imperial mausoleums built for Ming emperors.

## Titles

* During the reign of the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620):
** Lady Tian (田氏; from 1611)
* During the reign of the Tianqi Emperor (r. 1620–1627):
** Concubine (from 1626)
* During the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor (r. 1627–1644):
** Noble Consort (貴妃; from 1627)
** Imperial Noble Consort (皇貴妃; from 1641)
** Imperial Noble Consort Gongshu Duanhui Jinghuai (恭淑端惠靜懷皇貴妃; after 16 October 1642)

## Issue

As a Noble Consort:
* Zhu Cizhao, Prince Dao of Yong (永悼王 朱慈炤; b. 1632), the emperor's 4th son
* Zhu Cihuan, Prince Daoling (悼靈王 朱慈煥; 1633–1637), the emperor's 5th son
* Zhu Cican, Prince Daohuai (悼懷王 朱慈燦; 1637 – 5 May 1639), the emperor's 6th son
* Prince Daoliang (悼良王), the emperor's 7th son
# Builders' rites

Builders' rites are ceremonies attendant on the laying of foundation stones, including ecclesiastical, masonic or other traditions connected with foundations or other aspects of construction.
One such custom is that of placing a few coins, newspapers, etc. within a cavity beneath the stone. Should the stone later be removed, the relics may be found. Though this tradition is still practiced, such memorials are likely deposited in the hope that they will never be disturbed. Another such rite is topping out, when the last beam (or its equivalent) is placed atop a structure during its construction.

## History

Historians and folklorists in the 19th and early 20th centuries were fascinated by possible "foundation sacrifices". Jacob Grimm remarked, "It was often thought necessary to entomb live animals and even men in the foundation, on which the structure was to be raised, to secure immovable stability." Sabine Baring-Gould likewise claimed, "The old pagan laid the foundation of his house and fortress in blood." The 19th-century Folk-Lore Journal claimed that "under the walls of two round towers in Ireland (the only ones examined) human skeletons [were] discovered." In the 15th century, the wall of Holsworthy church was built over a living human being, and when this became unlawful, images of living beings were substituted.
References to this practice can be found in Greek folk culture in a poem about "Arta's bridge". According to the poem, the wife of the chief builder was sacrificed to establish a good foundation for a bridge that was of grave importance to the secluded city of Arta. The actual bridge was constructed in 1602. A similar legend appears in the Romanian folk poem Meșterul Manole, about the building of the church in the earliest Wallachian capital city.
# Tiantai Mountain

Tiantai Mountain (also Tí Taî in the local language) is a mountain in Tiantai County, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Its highest peak, Huading, reaches a height of 1,138 meters (3,734 ft). The mountain was made a national park on 1 August 1988. One of nine remaining wild populations of Seven-Son Flower (Heptacodium miconioides) is located on mount Tiantai.

## Legends

In the mythology of Traditional Chinese religion, the creator goddess Nüwa cut the legs off a giant sea turtle (Chinese: 鳌; pinyin: áo) and used them to prop up the sky after Gong Gong damaged Mount Buzhou, which had previously supported the heavens. A local myth holds that Tiantai was on the turtle's back before and Nüwa relocated it to its current position when she had to remove the turtle's legs.

## Guoqing Temple

Guoqing Temple on the mountain is the headquarters of Tiantai Buddhism, and also a tourist destination. Tiantai, named for the mountain, is an East Asian Buddhist school of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed in 6th-century China and focuses on the Lotus Sutra. The most prominent teacher of that school, Zhiyi, was based at Guoqing Temple. Over many years it has been an important destination for pilgrims, especially from Japan. The mountain was visited by Saichō in 805 CE, who went on to found the related Japanese Buddhist school, Tendai. A Korean offshoot, the Cheontae school, was also established during the 12th century.

## Ji Gong Temple

The mountain has a famous temple to the Song-era Chinese Buddhist monk Ji Gong at the Cave of Auspicious Mists that was associated with early modern fuji or "spirit writing" movements.

## Scenic Area

Tiantai Mountain was designated a scenic area in 1985, with an area of 105 km$^2$.

## Transport

* Tiantaishan railway station