# Shuangyashan

Shuangyashan (simplified Chinese: 双鸭山; traditional Chinese: 雙鴨山; pinyin: Shuāngyāshān) is a coal mining prefecture-level city located in the eastern part Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, bordering Russia's Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais to the east. The city's name means a pair-of-ducks mountains and refers to two peaks northeast of the city. In 2007 the city had a GDP of RMB 20.6 billion with a 14.2% growth rate.

## Administrative divisions

Jianshan
Lingdong
Sifangtai
Baoshan
Jixian County
Youyi County
Baoqing County
Raohe County :
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| 1 | Jianshan District | 尖山区 | Jiānshān Qū | 210,000 | 118 | 1,780 |
| 3 | Lingdong District | 岭东区 | Lǐngdōng Qū | 90,000 | 908 | 99 |
| 2 | Sifangtai District | 四方台区 | Sìfāngtái Qū | 70,000 | 169 | 414 |
| 4 | Baoshan District | 宝山区 | Bǎoshān Qū | 130,000 | 572 | 227 |
| 5 | Jixian County | 集贤县 | Jíxián Xiàn | 310,000 | 2,860 | 108 |
| 6 | Youyi County | 友谊县 | Yǒuyì Xiàn | 120,000 | 1,800 | 67 |
| 7 | Baoqing County | 宝清县 | Bǎoqīng Xiàn | 420,000 | 13,443 | 31 |
| 8 | Raohe County | 饶河县 | Ráohé Xiàn | 140,000 | 6,613 | 21 |

## History

Shuangyashan was given its name in AD 1384 during the Ming Dynasty. However, few people lived in the area before coal was discovered there in 1914. In 1928 a major coal mining operation was established on the site and in 1946 the area was first designated a county. Shuangyashan was established as a special mining district in 1954 and officially designated a city by the CPC Central Committee and State Council in 1956.

## Geography and climate
### Resources

Shuangyashan is rich in coal, magnetite and marble. The proven coal reserves in the city total 11 billion tons, ranking first out of 13 prefecture and prefecture-level cities in the province. The magnetite reserves in Shuangyashan exceed 120 million tons, ranking first in Heilongjiang Province.

### Climate

The city has a cold temperate monsoon climate, with long, cold, windy winters. The annual mean temperature in the city is 4.46 °C (40.0 °F).
Climate data for Shuangyashan, elevation 175 m (574 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) | 10.4 (50.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 29.9 (85.8) | 33.8 (92.8) | 37.2 (99.0) | 38.2 (100.8) | 37.3 (99.1) | 32.2 (90.0) | 27.6 (81.7) | 16.8 (62.2) | 5.7 (42.3) | 38.2 (100.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) | −6.4 (20.5) | 1.8 (35.2) | 12.4 (54.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.1 (79.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | −0.7 (30.7) | −10.1 (13.8) | 9.8 (49.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.1 (3.0) | −11.4 (11.5) | −3.1 (26.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 22.9 (73.2) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.3 (59.5) | 6.7 (44.1) | −4.9 (23.2) | −14.3 (6.3) | 4.8 (40.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −15.7 (3.7) | −7.7 (18.1) | 1.8 (35.2) | 9.0 (48.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 10.5 (50.9) | 2.2 (36.0) | −8.5 (16.7) | −17.5 (0.5) | 0.4 (32.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.8 (−27.0) | −30.9 (−23.6) | −23.2 (−9.8) | −10.3 (13.5) | −1.9 (28.6) | 3.5 (38.3) | 9.6 (49.3) | 7.8 (46.0) | −1.8 (28.8) | −13.1 (8.4) | −26.4 (−15.5) | −30.2 (−22.4) | −32.8 (−27.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.0 (0.31) | 5.5 (0.22) | 17.3 (0.68) | 29.3 (1.15) | 57.8 (2.28) | 81.4 (3.20) | 126.3 (4.97) | 117.1 (4.61) | 61.3 (2.41) | 34.1 (1.34) | 18.5 (0.73) | 11.9 (0.47) | 568.5 (22.37) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.9 | 5.0 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 10.4 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 116 |
| Average snowy days | 11.3 | 8.5 | 11.6 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 63.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 58 | 52 | 49 | 56 | 68 | 74 | 77 | 68 | 56 | 58 | 65 | 62 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 178.0 | 199.0 | 248.3 | 250.8 | 255.7 | 246.2 | 244.1 | 227.7 | 231.2 | 190.7 | 164.2 | 154.9 | 2,590.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 64 | 68 | 67 | 61 | 55 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 62 | 57 | 59 | 58 | 59 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Shuangyashan is a major center for coal mining. The city also produces steel, lumber, chemicals, building materials, textiles, electric machinery, and food products. In 2010, Shuangyashan's GDP reached RMB 37.67 billion, featuring a growth of 25% from a year ago. The production output of steel and coal ranked the first and the second in Heilongjiang province. The region has attracted investments from large domestic companies such as Shandong Luneng Group and Jianlong Group. Tourism, retailing and wholesaling are also the pillars of the city's service sector.
More recently, the city has been feeling the effects of the coal downturn, with mining demand collapsing amidst a slowdown in China's economic growth.

## Transportation

A new high-speed railway station in Shuangyashan City is the Jiamusi Mudanjiang high-speed railway line, which can reach Harbin, Dalian, Shijiazhuang and other cities. The average time to Harbin is 3 hours and the average time to Jiamusi is 25 minutes. Shuangyashan is at the end of the Harbin to Shuangyashan railway spur link. 15 hours from Harbin by train, and 90 minutes from the closest prefecture-level city, Jiamusi. A freeway connects the town to Jiamusi over a distance of 57 km (35 mi). There is a modern coach service as well which does this trip in approximately 45 minutes. The city is 80 km (50 mi) from Jiamusi Airport, which operates regular flights to Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Sanya and Khabarovsk.

## Sight-seeing

Shuangyashan is surrounded by small mountains, and a large park based around one of these mountains forms a major feature of the outdoor life of the town. During the winter, this pine and elm-covered mountain forms an area for recreational activities.