OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wilfrid Freeman

Air Chief Marshal Sir Wilfrid Rhodes Freeman, 1st Baronet, GCB, DSO, MC, FRAeS (18 July 1888 – 15 May 1953) was one of the most important influences on the rearmament of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the years up to and including the Second World War. He was part of the delegation that accompanied Prime Minister Winston Churchill at the Atlantic Conference, birthplace of the Atlantic Charter.

## RAF career

Having joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1914, he saw active service during the First World War as Officer Commanding No. 14 Squadron and then as Officer Commanding 10 Wing and then 9 Wing, and continued to serve in the newly formed RAF during the inter-war years. He was made Commandant of the Central Flying School in 1925, deputy director of Operations and Intelligence at the Air Ministry in 1927 and Station Commander at RAF Leuchars in 1928. He went on to be Air Officer Commanding Transjordan and Palestine in 1930, Commandant of the RAF Staff College, Andover, in 1933.
In 1936, as Air Member for Research and Development, he was given the job of choosing the aircraft with which to rearm the RAF, and in 1938 his remit was expanded to include the controlling of their production, which he did with great distinction until 1940. In November 1940 he was moved against his will to become Vice-Chief of the Air Staff. His department, now formed into the Ministry of Aircraft Production (MAP) by the opportunistic Lord Beaverbrook (who took credit for much of Freeman's work) rapidly stagnated, and after two years Freeman was moved back to MAP which he continued to run with distinction.
More perhaps than any other single figure, Freeman was responsible for the RAF ordering the Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, De Havilland Mosquito, Avro Lancaster, Handley-Page Halifax and Hawker Tempest. He played an equally vital role in the development of the Merlin-engined P-51 Mustang, providing North American Aviation with the original specification and then installing Rolls-Royce Merlin engines in place of the unsatisfactory Allison V-1710 engines.

## Honours and awards

* Baronet – 4 July 1945
* Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB – 20 October 1942, KCB – 11 May 1937, CB – 1 January 1932)
* Distinguished Service Order – 23 November 1916
* Military Cross – 27 March 1915
* Mention in Despatches – 22 June 1915, 25 September 1916, 11 December 1917
* Chevalier of the Legion of Honour (France) – 17 August 1918
* Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Coat of arms of Wilfrid Freeman :
* CrestA fusil Or between two wings displayed Azure.
* EscutcheonPer fess Azure and Vair Ancien three fusils in chief and a crescent in base Or a bordure engrailed Gules.
* MottoE Labore Libertas
# Apam

Apam is a coastal town and capital of Gomoa West District in the Central Region of Ghana, located approximately 45 kilometers east of the Central Region capital, Cape Coast.
Apam is the site of Fort Lijdzaamheid or Fort Patience, a Dutch-built fort which was completed in 1702, which dominates the fishing harbor and town from a rocky peninsula located on the south side of the town. It was a major port prior to independence, but after Tema was built, shipping was forbidden. The current chief of Apam is called Nana Ekow Payne. It is also a major town in the Gomoa Akyempem Paramountcy. There are many fishermen as fishing is the main industry. Apam has a Secondary School called Apam Senior High School, an FM station, Apaman tv, several churches and a salt-winning industry. The Benyah Lagoon is used to produce salt. Apam have the biggest pusuban in Ghana and is located in the central region of Ghana.
FESTIVAL OF GOMOA APAM
Apam Akwambo festival is celebrated by the chiefs and peoples of Gomoa Apam in the Central region of Ghana. The festival is celebrated in the month of September every year. People in Apam, in the Central Region, celebrate the Akwambo, which literally means "path-clearing."
In apam there are traditionally two asafo companies: Tuafo and Denstifo Each company is headed by a superior captain ("Supi") and under the Supi is a captain ("Safohen").

## Climatic Condition

The tropical wet and dry climate of Apam, with its proximity to the Gulf of Guinea, is characterized by notable seasonal variations and a savanna-like landscape.

### Temperature

Warmer temperatures have been recorded in the area, indicating a shift towards a warmer climate, and this is contributing to a notable temperature trend in Apam.
# Grand unification epoch

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In physical cosmology, the grand unification epoch is a poorly understood period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch and preceding inflation. This places it between about 10$^{−43}$ seconds after the Big Bang and 10$^{−35}$ seconds, when the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. However, these theories have not been successful producing quantitative agreement with the results of modern astrophysical observations.
If the grand unification energy is taken to be 10$^{15}$ GeV, this corresponds to temperatures higher than 10$^{27}$ K. During this period, three of the four fundamental interactions — electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and the weak interaction — were unified as the electronuclear force. Gravity had separated from the electronuclear force at the end of the Planck era. During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless.
The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 10$^{−36}$ seconds after the Big Bang. At this point several key events took place. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. It is possible that some part of this decay process violated the conservation of baryon number and gave rise to a small excess of matter over antimatter (see baryogenesis). This phase transition is also thought to have triggered the process of cosmic inflation that dominated the development of the universe during the following inflationary epoch.
# Geraldine Davies

Geraldine Ann Davies (born 13 May 1946) is an English former cricketer who played primarily as a right-handed batter. She appeared in five One Day Internationals for Young England at the 1973 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Surrey.
# American Hairless Terrier

The American Hairless Terrier is a breed of companion dog from the United States that was developed from naturally hairless Rat Terriers.

## History

In 1972, a completely hairless bitch pup was whelped in a litter of purebred Rat Terriers and adopted by Willie and Edwin Scott of Louisiana. Named Josephine, the bitch conformed to the Rat Terrier type in every way except for her coat, so the Scotts bred her. Her first litter produced another hairless bitch pup, Gypsy. Neither bitch whelped another hairless pup in multiple litters until, in 1981 at the age of nine, Josephine produced two more hairless pups, a dog and a bitch. In 1983 the dog, Snoopy, was mated to his hairless sisters and many more hairless pups were whelped, establishing the foundation stock for the new breed. Originally registered as a hairless variety of Rat Terriers, eventually the Scotts adopted a different breed name for their unique line and established a separate breed club, the American Hairless Terrier Association. In 2004 the United Kennel Club recognised the line as a breed and in 2016 the American Kennel Club also recognised the breed.

## Description

According to the United Kennel Club's breed standard, American Hairless Terriers typically stand between 10 and 18 inches (25 and 46 cm); the breed typically weighs between 7 and 14 pounds (3.2 and 6.4 kg). The breed has pricked ears and can be born with either a naturally short tail or a long tail, which is never docked.
At birth American Hairless Terriers are born with a light fuzz of hair over their entire body which they gradually shed from the nose backwards until they are entirely naked, though they sometimes retain eyebrows and whiskers. This typically occurs by the age of six weeks. The breed standard states the skin can be any color, although they are usually part colored with freckles that enlarge with age. Because of their lack of hair, the breed is particularly susceptible to hypothermia in cold weather and sunburn in sunny conditions.
Some American Hairless Terriers are born with coats; they are still recognised as examples of the breed. The breed standard states coated examples of the breed have a short and dense coat that can be solid white or bi-color, tri-color, sable and brindle, always with some white.
# Eric Talley

Eric Leonard Talley is an American legal scholar working as the IIsidor and Seville Sulzbacher Professor at Columbia Law School and faculty co-director of the Ira M. Millstein Center for Global Markets and Corporate Ownership.

## Early life and education

Talley is a native of Los Alamos, New Mexico. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and economics from the University of California, San Diego, a PhD in economics from Stanford University, and a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School.

## Career

Talley's scholarship focuses on corporate law, governance, and finance. He also teaches and researches in the areas of mergers and acquisitions, quantitative methods, machine learning, contract and commercial law, alternative investments, game theory, and economic analysis of law.
Prior to joining Columbia University, Talley served as the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation Professor in Law, Business and the Economy at the UC Berkeley School of Law.
# Peter Henry (bobsledder)

Peter John Douglas Henry (born 17 June 1962) is a former New Zealand bobsledder and decathlete who competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1990 Commonwealth Games.

## Early life and family

Henry was born in Brighton, England, on 17 June 1962, the son of Tom Henry and Martina Admiraal. The family migrated to New Zealand, and Henry was educated at Geraldine High School. He became an air traffic controller, and in 1986 married Karen Forbes, who had competed for New Zealand in the heptathlon at the 1982 Commonwealth Games.

## Sporting career

Henry competed as a bobsledder for New Zealand in the 1988 Winter Olympics at Calgary. He was brakeman in a two-man bobsleigh driven by Lex Peterson and the pair finished 20th in the two-man event. In the four-man bobsleigh, he competed alongside Peterson, Blair Telford and Rhys Dacre, finishing in 21st place.
Henry is also an track and field athlete. He competed in the decathlon in the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, where he finished in 10th place. He was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.
Henry travelled with the New Zealand team to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, and was the New Zealand flag bearer at the Olympics opening ceremony. However, he did not compete, being beaten by Angus Ross by 0.005 seconds in a run-off to decide the position of brakeman in the New Zealand two-man bobsleigh driven by Alan Henderson.
# Jacqueline Brookes

Jacqueline Victoire Brookes (July 24, 1930 – April 26, 2013) was an American film, television, and stage actress, best known for her work both off-Broadway and on Broadway.

## Life and career

Brookes was born in Montclair, New Jersey, the daughter of Maria Victoire (née Zur Haar) and Frederick Jack Brookes, an investment banker. She attended a French-speaking school in New York and spoke fluent French. She attended the University of Iowa, graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. Then she went to London on a Fulbright Scholarship to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London.
During the 1960s, she spent several summers acting in the Shakespeare Festival at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego, performing in plays such as Antony and Cleopatra, A Winter's Tale, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merry Wives of Windsor, and Richard III. During that era, she also performed Rosalind in As You Like It at the New Mexico State University, Katherine in The Taming of the Shrew at the University of British Columbia, and Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing at the Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Connecticut.
Jacqueline Brookes in later years was a teacher at the Circle in the Square Theatre School as well as a life member of The Actors Studio.
Brookes appeared in the films Ghost Story, The Entity, Paternity, The Good Son, and Losing Isaiah.
She died at age 82 from lymphoma.

## Awards

She received her Theatre World Award in 1955 for The Cretan Woman and won an Obie Award for Best Actress in 1963 for Six Characters in Search of an Author.

## Filmography

* A Flame in the Wind (1964-65, TV Series) - Flora Perkins
* As the World Turns (1969-73, TV Series) - Miss Thompson
* The Secret Storm (1971-72, TV Series) - Ursula Winthrop
* The Hospital (1971, TV Series) - Dr. Immelman (uncredited)
* Parades (1972) - Mrs. Novik (uncredited)
* The Werewolf of Washington (1973) - Angela - Publisher
* The Gambler (1974) - Naomi Freed
* All My Children (1974, TV Series) - Dr. Mary Hansen
* Another World (1975, TV Series) - Beatrice Gordon
* Looking Up (1977) - Becky
* A Death in Canaan (1978, TV Movie) - Mildred Carston
* Last Embrace (1979) - Dr. Coopersmith
* Paternity (1981) - Aunt Ethel
* Ghost Story (1981) - Milly
* Love and Money (1982) - Mrs. Paultz
* The Entity (1982) - Dr. Cooley
* Ryan's Hope (1982, TV Series) - Sister Mary Joel
* Without a Trace (1983) - Margaret Mayo
* License to Kill (1984, TV Movie) - Judge Miriam Roth
* Jack and Mike (1986, TV Series) - Nora Adler
* American Playhouse (1987, TV Series) - Mrs. Connaloe
* Sea of Love (1989) - Helen's Mother
* Law & Order (1990, TV Series) - Judge Grace Larkin
* The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (1991) - Commissioner Brumford
* All My Children (1991, TV Series) - Judge Irene Singer
* Star Trek: The Next Generation (1992, TV Series) (Episode: The First Duty) - Admiral Andrea Brand
* Whispers in the Dark (1992) - Lorraine McDowell
* The Good Son (1993) - Alice Davenport
* Losing Isaiah (1995) - Judge Silbowitz (final film role)
# Francis A. Gregory Neighborhood Library

Francis A. Gregory Neighborhood Library is part of the District of Columbia Public Library (DCPL) System. It was originally opened to the public in 1961. A new building on the same site, designed by award-winning architect David Adjaye, opened on June 19, 2012.

## History

The original Francis A. Gregory Library was built in 1961 as the fifth of eleven branch libraries funded under a public works program for the District of Columbia. The original building was designed by architect Victor DeMers. Originally named the Fort Davis Branch, the library opened in January 1961 on former parkland (Fort Davis Park) that was transferred to the District from the National Capital Planning Commission. In 1986, the library was named for Francis A. Gregory, a local public servant who had been the first black president of the DC Public Library Board of Trustees.
The new Francis A. Gregory Library was described in Architectural Record as a “shimmering pavilion.” The building is a two-story, glass-sheathed box with an aluminum roof that juts out over every side. It cost $11 million to construct and is a LEED Gold-certified building.
# Victoria Gardens (Rancho Cucamonga)

Victoria Gardens is a 147-acre (0.59 km$^2$) lifestyle center in Rancho Cucamonga, California, designed to be the downtown center for the City of Rancho Cucamonga.

## Components and events

The complex comprises not only department stores, shops, restaurants, and movie theaters, but also a performing arts center, a library, 55,000 square feet (5,100 m$^2$) of office space, and 500 residential units.
Retail anchors are JCPenney, Macy's Men's, Children's, and Home store, a separate Macy's store with the remaining departments, and Bass Pro Shops.
The Victoria Gardens Cultural Center, which features the Rancho Cucamonga Public Library, a performing arts center, and a multi-use reception hall, is owned and operated by the city of Rancho Cucamonga and sits north of the shopping center between the two parking structures.
There are events throughout the year such as the tree lighting and Santa during the holiday season, farmer’s markets, and car shows. Victoria Gardens is the home of the first Bass Pro Shops location in California.

## History

The center opened on October 28, 2004, with JCPenney, Macy's, and Robinsons-May (now the Macy's Men's, Children's, and Home store) as the anchors.
The mall increased the city's sales tax income by 44% in its first year of operation.
In 2006, the former Robinsons-May store was converted to a Macy's Men's and Home Store to complement the existing Macy's.
Victoria Gardens is owned by Queensland Investment Corp.
# Azusa River

The Azusa River (梓川, Azusa-gawa) is a river within the Hida Mountains or Northern Japanese Alps, in the western region of Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The river belongs to the Shinano River watershed, and forms the upper section of the Sai River. The name of the river comes from the catalpa (梓, azusa, shi) tree found in the river basin, which are used for Azusa Yumi, a sacred bow in Shinto rituals. The river gives its name to the Azusa limited express train, which is operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East), and which runs mainly between Shinjuku Station in Tokyo and Matsumoto Station in Nagano.

## Geography

The Azusa River is 65 km long with a watershed of 559 sq km, and has its source on the southeastern slope of Mount Yari in the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park. The river flows through the Kamikōchi (上高地, Upper Highlands) valley - designated as one of Japan's National Cultural Assets, on the list of Special Natural Monuments and Special Places of Scenic Beauty. Water from the upper reaches of Karasawa Cirque flows through Hontani and joins the Azusa River near Yokō. From here the river continues through Kamikōchi, under Kappa Bridge (河童橋, Kappa bashi), and then flows through Taisho Pond (大正池, Taishō ike), formed in 1915 following the eruption of Mount Yake, an active volcano in the Hida Mountains. The river then flows northeast through the cities of Azumino and Matsumoto, where it joins the Narai River near Azumino, Nagano, from where it becomes the Sai River, the most important tributary of the Shinano River, Japan's longest river.
The river and its tributaries flow from or past several of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains including Mount Yari, Mount Hotakadake, and Mount Yake.
The Kamikōchi Line, a private railway in Matsumoto, follows the general course of the Azusa River between Shimonii Station and Shinshimashima Station.

## Water Usage
### Sericulture

In his 1896 book, Mountaineering and Exploration in the Japanese Alps, the English missionary and mountaineer Walter Weston wrote that the Azusa River was used to power machinery used in sericulture, "The simple machinery for winding off the silk from the cocoons is water powered and gives employment to a score of bright-faced girls, varying from twelve to twenty years of age."

### Hydroelectricity

Several dams are operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, or TEPCO, along the river, including: the Nagawado Dam, the largest, which holds 123×10$^6$ cubic metres (4.3×10$^9$ cu ft); Midono Dam; and the Inekoki Dam. The dams use pumped-storage hydroelectricity, and are collectively referred to as the Azusagawa 3 dams.

### Irrigation

Several weirs, canals, and underground channels draw water from the Azusa River that are used for irrigation, including for wasabi farming in Azumino. The Wada Weir is thought to have been completed in 973.
# Nevasa Assembly constituency

Nevasa Assembly constituency is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra state in Western India. The MLA elected in 2009 was Shankarrao Gadakh.

## Overview

Nevasa (constituency number 221) is one of the twelve Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Ahmednagar district. It covers the entire Nevasa tehsil of the district.
Nevasa is part of Shirdi Lok Sabha constituency along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments in this district, namely Sangamner, Shirdi, Kopargaon, Shrirampur and Akole.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| Before 2009 : Constituency did not exist ||||
| 2009 | Shankarrao Gadakh | Nationalist Congress Party |
| 2014 | Balasaheb Murkute | Bhartiya Janata Party |
| 2019 | Shankarrao Gadakh | Krantikari Shetkari Party |
| 2024 | Vitthal Langhe | Shiv Sena |

## Election results
### 2024

2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election: Nevasa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SHS | Vitthal Langhe | 95,444 | 41.91 |
| | SS(UBT) | Shankarrao Gadakh | 91,423 | 40.15 |
| | PHJSP | Balasaheb Murkute | 35,331 | 15.51 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,723 | 0.76 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4021 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 227,728 | |
| | SHS gain from SS(UBT) | SHS gain from SS(UBT) | Swing | |

### 2019

2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election: Nevasa :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | KSP | Shankarrao Gadakh | 1,16,943 | 55.27 |
| | BJP | Balasaheb Murkute | 86,280 | 40.78 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 316 | 0.15 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 30,663 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,11,582 | 80.40 |
| | KSP gain from BJP | KSP gain from BJP | Swing | |