# Court of Appeals of Virginia

The Court of Appeals of Virginia, established January 1, 1985, is an intermediate appellate court of 17 judges that hears appeals from decisions of Virginia's circuit courts and the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court sits in panels of at least three judges, and sometimes hears cases en banc. Appeals from the Court of Appeals go to the Supreme Court of Virginia.

## History

A 1971 Virginia Court System Study Commission stated the need for a unified court system to handle appeals. The Court of Appeals of Virginia was established on January 1, 1985, as an intermediate court of limited appellate jurisdiction, initially with ten judges, with an eleventh judge added in 2000.
In March 2021, legislation was passed to expand the jurisdiction and composition of the Court from 11 judges to 17 judges, coming into effect July 1, 2021.

## Judges

The Court of Appeals consists of 17 judges who are elected for eight-year terms by a majority of the members of each house of the General Assembly. The Court of Appeals may designate seven retired judges of the Court to serve as senior judges.

## Jurisdiction
### Reforms effective January 2022

As part of a comprehensive reform bill passed by the Virginia General Assembly and signed into law in March 2021, the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals expanded on January 1, 2022, as follows:
* Litigants can now appeal as of right a lower court's decision in civil cases, and the Supreme Court of Virginia will retain the power to select which appeals it hears.
* Criminal defendants can now appeal as of right a lower court's decision in criminal cases, but the Commonwealth will still need to petition the Court of Appeals if it wishes to appeal a decision in a criminal case.
* The Court of Appeals now has jurisdiction to hear interlocutory appeals and petitions for review of injunctions.
An appeal filed with the Supreme Court of Virginia before January 1, 2022, remains under its jurisdiction.

## Procedure

Since January 1, 2022, when the court's jurisdiction expanded, most appeals are initiated by filing a timely notice of appeal in the tribunal whose order is being appealed and a copy with the clerk of the Court of Appeals.
Decisions are issued by the Court of Appeals by written opinion or order.

## Current composition

As of January 1, 2025:

### Active

| Judge | Born | Joined | Term ends | Law school |
| Marla Graff Decker, Chief Judge | (1958-05-31) May 31, 1958 (age 66) | November 1, 2013 | January 31, 2030 | Richmond |
| Randolph A. Beales | (1960-02-10) February 10, 1960 (age 65) | April 16, 2006 | April 16, 2030 | Virginia |
| Mary Grace O'Brien | 1958 (age 66–67) | February 1, 2015 | January 31, 2031 | W&L |
| Richard Y. AtLee Jr. | 1971 (age 53–54) | February 1, 2015 | January 31, 2031 | William & Mary |
| Mary B. Malveaux | 1967 (age 57–58) | April 16, 2016 | April 15, 2032 | Richmond |
| Clay Athey | (1960-09-01) September 1, 1960 (age 64) | September 1, 2019 | August 31, 2027 | Dayton |
| Junius P. Fulton III | 1958 (age 66–67) | September 1, 2021 | August 31, 2029 | William & Mary |
| Daniel E. Ortiz | (1977-05-19) May 19, 1977 (age 47) | September 1, 2021 | August 31, 2029 | GW |
| Doris Henderson Causey | 1970 (age 54–55) | September 1, 2021 | August 31, 2029 | Texas Southern |
| Frank K. Friedman | 1958 (age 66–67) | September 1, 2021 | August 31, 2029 | Vanderbilt |
| Vernida R. Chaney | – | September 1, 2021 | August 31, 2029 | Howard |
| Stuart A. Raphael | 1964 (age 60–61) | September 1, 2021 | August 31, 2029 | Virginia |
| Lisa M. Lorish | 1980 (age 44–45) | September 1, 2021 | August 31, 2029 | Virginia |
| Dominique A. Callins | (1979-03-11) March 11, 1979 (age 45) | November 1, 2021 | October 31, 2029 | William & Mary |
| Kimberly S. White | 1963 (age 61–62) | July 1, 2022 | June 30, 2030 | Mercer |
| Steven C. Frucci | (1966-02-02) February 2, 1966 (age 59) | March 16, 2024 | March 15, 2032 | Carolina |
| David Bernhard | – | January 1, 2025 | December 31, 2032 | WashU |

### Senior

| Judge | Active service | Chief | Senior since |
| Rosemarie Annunziata | 1995–2004 | —— | 2005 |
| Jean Harrison Clements | 2000–2008 | —— | 2009 |
| Robert P. Frank | 1999–2014 | —— | 2015 |
| James W. Haley, Jr. | 2005–2012 | —— | 2012 |

## Chief judges

| Judge | Chief |
| E. Ballard Baker | 1985 |
| Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. | 1985–1993 |
| Norman K. Moon | 1993–1997 |
| Johanna L. Fitzpatrick | 1997–2006 |
| Walter S. Felton, Jr. | 2006–2014 |
| Glen A. Huff | 2015–2019 |
| Marla Graff Decker | 2019– |