OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Western spindalis

The western spindalis (Spindalis zena) is a songbird species. It was formerly considered conspecific with the other three species of Spindalis, with the common name stripe-headed tanager.

## Taxonomy

The western spindalis was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with the finches in the genus Fringilla and coined the binomial name Fringilla zena. Linnaeus based his account on "The Bahama Finch" that had been described and illustrated in 1730 by the English naturalist Mark Catesby in his book The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. Linnaeus specified the type locality as southern America but this was restricted in 1936 by the Austrian ornithologist Carl Eduard Hellmayr to New Providence in the Bahamas. The western spindalis is now one of the four species placed in the genus Spindalis that was introduced in 1837 by William Jardine and Prideaux John Selby. The specific epithet zena is from Ancient Greek ζηνα/zēna or ζηνη/zēnē, a type of finch, probably the European goldfinch.
Five subspecies are recognised:
* S. z. townsendi Ridgway, 1887 – north Bahamas
* S. z. zena (Linnaeus, 1758) – central, south Bahamas
* S. z. pretrei (Lesson, RP, 1831) – Cuba and Isle of Pines
* S. z. salvini Cory, 1886 – Grand Cayman
* S. z. benedicti Ridgway, 1885 – Cozumel (off southeast Mexico)
The spindalises were traditionally considered aberrant tanagers of the family Thraupidae, but like the equally enigmatic bananaquit (Coereba flaveola), they are formally treated as incertae sedis (place uncertain) among the nine-primaried oscines until the recognition of the family Spindalidae.

## Description

The male is brightly colored with a black and white horizontally striped head and contrasting burnt orange throat, breast and nape. The remainder of the belly is light grey. There are two color variations: green-backed (generally northern) and black-backed (generally northern). The female has similar markings on the head, but washed out to a medium grey. She is olive-grey above and greyish-brown below, with a slight orange wash on the breast, rump, and shoulders. They are 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weigh 21 g (0.74 oz).

## Distribution and habitat

The species is found in southeastern Florida and the western Caribbean (Cozumel, the Cayman Islands, Cuba, the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands). It is a rare visitor of extreme southern Florida, where the subspecies S. z. zena successfully bred in 2009.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest. The subspecies zena is found in pine forest.

## Conservation

It is not considered a threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
# Santricharia

Santricharia is a fungal genus in the family Gomphillaceae. It is a monospecific genus, comprising the single species Santricharia farinosa, a leaf-dwelling lichen.

## Taxonomy

Santricharia was circumscribed by Amanda Xavier-Leite, Marcela Cáceres, and Robert Lücking in 2023. It contains a single species formerly placed in the genus Tricharia. Molecular analysis showed this species to be unrelated to Tricharia, but closely related to Rubrotricha, a genus with which it shares little apomorphy. The genus name honours the Swedish lichenologist Rolf Santesson, who originally described the type species in 1952.

## Description

Santricharia is a foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichen that forms a continuous thallus with a coarsely warted texture. The thallus is often accompanied by numerous black, sterile bristle-like structures (setae), giving it a distinctive appearance. A dark brown prothallus, a marginal layer of fungal tissue, is usually present at the edges of the thallus.
The reproductive structures, or apothecia, are either closely attached to the substrate (adnate) or slightly raised (broadly sessile). They belong to the lecideine type, meaning they lack a distinct thalline margin. Both the disc and the proper margin of the apothecia are covered in a thick, dark brown pruina, a powdery or granular coating. The excipulum, the protective layer surrounding the apothecium, consists of a dense, interwoven network of fungal hyphae (prosoplectenchyma) and is dark brown in colour. The hypothecium, the supportive tissue beneath the hymenium, shares the same interwoven structure but remains colourless. The epithecium, the uppermost layer of the hymenium, is also dark brown and has a granular texture.
The ascospores are muriform, meaning they are divided by multiple internal walls, creating a structure similar to a brick pattern. In addition to sexual reproduction, Santricharia also produces specialised asexual structures known as hyphophores, which appear as black, bristle-like projections. These structures bear diahyphae, chains of sausage-shaped fungal segments that detach and contribute to asexual reproduction.
# The Northern Iowan

The Northern Iowan is a student newspaper at the University of Northern Iowa. It is published weekly, on Wednesday and distributed around campus, College Hill, and downtown Cedar Falls free of charge. The paper publishes articles on campus news and events, the university's sports programs, and student opinion pieces. The name of the paper has changed over the years. It was called the Students Offering from 1888–1889, the Normal Eye from 1892–1911, the College Eye from 1911–1967, and the Northern Iowan from 1967–present.
In 1967 the newspaper was at the center of a public furor over the newspaper's publication of an article by a young English professor, Edward Hoffmans, criticizing the draft and advocating an end to the Vietnam War.
In 2021, the Northern Iowan introduced NI en Español, a regular section of campus news in the Spanish language, for Spanish readers.
In 2022, the student newspaper celebrated its 130th anniversary. It has remained committed to informing students and readers about events in the community and holding institutions accountable. The paper's history demonstrates the importance of student journalism and its ability to serve the public and create the historic record of the times.

## Honors

* First class honors from the National Scholastic Press Association in 1932.
* All-American honors from the National Scholastic Press Association in 1933.
* Best all-around paper and first in front-page makeup for six columns and over at the 17th annual convention of the Iowa College Press Association in 1933.
* All-state college newspaper and first in front-page makeup for six columns and over at the annual convention of the Iowa College Press Association in 1936.
* Best all-around newspaper and first in front-page makeup for six columns and over at the annual convention of the Iowa College Press Association in 1937.
* All-American honors from the National Scholastic Press Association (which then became the Associated Collegiate Press) from 1937-1949.
* 5 star All-American Honor by the Associated Collegiate Press for spring 1982 issues
# Erna Bürger

Erna Bürger (26 July 1909 – 21 June 1958) was a German gymnast. She competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics and won a team gold medal. She also placed second in the individual event behind teammate Trudi Meyer, but no medals were awarded.
# Ilya Moskalenchik

Ilya Andreyevich Moskalenchik (Belarusian: Ілья Андрэевіч Маскаленчык; Russian: Илья Андреевич Москаленчик; born 4 May 2003) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Russian club Arsenal Tula.

## Club career

On 13 March 2022, Moskalenchik signed a contract until the end of the 2024–25 season with Russian champions Zenit Saint Petersburg and was assigned to the farm club Zenit-2.
On 29 December 2023, Moskalenchik moved on loan to Tyumen until the end of the season.
On 5 July 2024, Moskalenchik signed a three-year contract with Russian First League club Alania Vladikavkaz.
# EScriptorium

eScriptorium is a platform for manual or automated segmentation and text recognition of historical manuscripts and prints.

## Details

The software is an open source software developed at the Paris Sciences et Lettres University as part of the projects Scripta and RESILIENCE with contributions from other institutions, partly funded by the EU's Horizon 2020 funding program and a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
Scanned pages from manuscripts and prints can be imported into eScriptorium and exported as text in various formats (text, ALTO or PAGE XML, TEI). The text areas with text lines in the images are first recognized manually or automatically (segmentation). The text lines are then transcribed manually or automatically.
Both automatic segmentation and text recognition can be trained using manually created or corrected examples (ground truth). The new models created in this way can be shared with others and can therefore be easily reused.
eScriptorium is built of top of the free OCR software Kraken by Benjamin Kiessling, a derivative of the OCR software OCRopus, which is suitable for handwritten and printed texts and also supports scripts such as Hebrew and Arabic, which are written from right to left.
Comparable programs that offer similar functions to eScriptorium are OCR4All and Transkribus.

## Individual references

* ↑ "v0.14.0". Retrieved 21 January 2024.
* ↑ "Scripta-PSL. History and practices of writing". Retrieved 2022-03-13.
* ↑ "RESILIENCE - The Religious Studies Research Infrastructure". Retrieved 2022-03-13.
* ↑ "eScriptorium Documentation". Retrieved 2024-01-21.
* ↑ "Export data - eScriptorium Documentation". Retrieved 2024-01-21.
* ↑ "lunch/kraken: OCR engine for all the languages". Retrieved 2022-03-13.
* ↑ "OCR4all | forTEXT". Retrieved 2023-06-20.
# Aishath Saffa

Aishath Saffa (born (1989-08-03)3 August 1989) is a Maldivian volleyball and beach volleyball player, playing as an outside hitter. She was part of the Maldives women's national volleyball team.
She participated at the 2010 Asian Games. On club level she played for Dhivehi Sifainge in 2010.
As a beach volleyball player she played together with Yumna Abdul Azeez in 2010, and competed at the 2010 Asian Beach Games.
# Distigmoptera borealis

Distigmoptera borealis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Billy Wayne

Billy Wayne may refer to:
* Billy Wayne Bailey (1957–2023), American politician
* Billy Wayne Posey, American convicted of the Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
# Vittjar

Vittjar is the eleventh full-length album by progressive rock band Kaipa.

## Reception

Louder rated the album 3.5 stars out of 5, calling it a "superb piece of folky, symphonic prog". Writing for Allmusic, Eduardo Rivadavia described it as "a rich, often Dali-esque musical canvas", and noted its stylistic diversity, labelling it as "compelling".

## Personnel

* Patrik Lundström - vocals
* Aleena Gibson - vocals
* Per Nilsson - electric and acoustic guitars
* Morgan Ågren - drums
* Hans Lundin - electric and acoustic keyboards, vocals
* Jonas Reingold - electric basses
* Fredrik Lindqvist - recorders and whistles (tracks 1, 2, 3, & 7)
* Elin Rubinsztein - violin (tracks 2, 4, 6, & 7)
# Monkey Bar Games

Monkey Bar Games was an American division of the defunct video game developer Vicious Cycle Software, based in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Monkey Bar's mission was the creation of family entertainment products on all handheld and console video game platforms and the PC.

## Games developed

| Released | Title | Platform(s) | Publisher |
| 2005 | Dora the Explorer: Journey to the Purple Planet | GameCube, PlayStation 2 | Global Star Software |
| 2006 | Curious George | GameCube, PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance, Xbox, Microsoft Windows | Namco |
| 2006 | Flushed Away | GameCube, PlayStation 2 | D3 Publisher |
| 2008 | Ben 10: Alien Force | PlayStation 2, Wii, PlayStation Portable | D3 Publisher |
| 2010 | Despicable Me: The Game | PlayStation 2, Wii, PlayStation Portable | D3 Publisher |
| 2011 | Ben 10: Galactic Racing | Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 | D3 Publisher |
| 2012 | Madagascar 3: The Video Game | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii | D3 Publisher |
| 2012 | Ben 10: Omniverse | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U, Wii | D3 Publisher |
| 2013 | Turbo: Super Stunt Squad | Wii U, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 | D3 Publisher |
| 2013 | Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Microsoft Windows | Namco |
| 2014 | Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures 2 | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U | Namco |
# Charlie Hartman

Charles Otto Hartman (August 10, 1888 – October 22, 1960) was a left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly in the American League during the 1908 season.
Hartman made his professional baseball debut in 1906 with the Fresno Raisin Eaters of the Pacific Coast League. He split that season between Fresno and the Seattle Siwashes. In 1907, he pitched for the Portland Beavers, compiling a record of 11–14 with a 2.82 ERA. His performance caught the attention of the Boston Red Sox, for whom he made his only major league appearance on June 24, 1908, as a reliever. In two innings of work, he allowed one earned run with one strikeout and two walks and never appeared in a professional baseball game again.
Hartman died in his home-town of Los Angeles, California, at the age of 72.

## Sources

* Career statistics from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
* Retrosheet
* This biographical article relating to an American baseball pitcher born in the 1880s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# INS Sindhughosh

INS Sindhughosh (S55) (lit. 'Roar of the Sea') is the lead ship of her class of diesel-electric submarines of the Indian Navy.
The submarine was commissioned on 30 April 1986 in Riga, Latvia under the command of Commander K C Varghese. The submarine is diesel-powered and has a total of six motors. INS Sindhughosh was the first submarine in Indian Navy to be equipped with the Klub ZM-54E SS-N-27 antiship cruise missiles with a range of 220 kilometres (140 mi). The submarine has a displacement of nearly 3,100 tons when submerged, a maximum diving depth of 300 metres (980 ft), speed of up to 17 knots (31 km/h), and is able to operate solo for 45 days with a crew of 52.

## Service history
### Collision with a foreign vessel (2008)

INS Sindhughosh collided with a foreign merchant vessel - MV Leeds Castle - while trying to surface in the seas north of Mumbai on 7 January 2008. The submarine was taking part in fleet level war games when the accident occurred. The boat has reportedly suffered slight damage to the conning tower area. Naval officials said the submarine was submerged and had its radars off and periscope down when it slammed into the merchant vessel off India's Diu Island, 400 nautical miles (740 km) from Mumbai. The boat was apparently maintaining total radio and radar silence to escape detection, when the accident took place. It has also been reported that the indigenously developed USHUS sonar malfunctioned and played a direct role in the accident. A Navy officer, on condition of anonymity, stated that the MV Leeds Castle was in restricted waters and in that area the ocean depth is not great and thus the reason for the mishap. Other naval officials expressed surprise that how in the high seas, the submarine was cruising at only at a depth of 10 to 20 feet (6.1 m). The submarine was towed to a naval dockyard at Mumbai and a Board of Inquiry was ordered to probe the mishap. The crew of INS Sindhughosh had a miraculous escape as the accident was caused at surface level. The reports of structural damage is a cause of concern. Normally the submarine has two hulls. But any damage to structure means checking the entire review of the whole structure. Even if one steel bar has a weakness, the submarine will face adverse conditions at 250 metres (820 ft) below sea level.

### Fire damage (2013)

On 14 August 2013, Sindhughosh sustained minor damage in a fire which caused explosions and the sinking of INS Sindhurakshak, while at dock in Mumbai. The navy did not release any details of the extent of damage on Sindhughosh.

### Runs aground (2014)

On 17 January 2014, INS Sindhughosh ran aground due to the low tide, while returning to Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
# MGA

MGA can refer to:

## Transport

* MGA, IATA code for Augusto C. Sandino International Airport (Managua International Airport) in Managua, Nicaragua
* Monongahela Railway, a former coal-hauling short line railroad in the United States
* The MG MGA, a popular British sports car manufactured between 1955 and 1962 by MG
* Mavi Gök Airlines, a Turkish airline

## Business and finance

* Malagasy ariary, currency of Madagascar by ISO 4217 currency code
* Managing general agent, a type of insurance agent
* Mutual Gains Approach, a process model for negotiating while protecting relationships and reputation

## Biology and health care

* 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria, a metabolic disorder
* Mga (protein), a DNA-binding protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus)
* Mga, max dimerization protein, a protein in humans encoded by the MGA gene
* Megestrol acetate or melengestrol acetate, progestin medications

## Geography

* Map Grid of Australia, a mapping system based on the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
* Mga (river) in Leningrad Oblast, Russia
* Mga, an urban-type settlement in Leningrad Oblast, Russia

## Information technology

* Matrox, producer of video card components
* Monochrome Graphics Adapter, either related to or synonymous with the Hercules Graphics Card
* Multigenerational architecture, a method of database transactions handling related to multiversion concurrency control

## Education

* Master of Governmental Administration, a degree program offered by the Fels Institute of Government
* Master of Global Affairs, a degree program offered by the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto

## Arts

* Monash Gallery of Art, Melbourne, Australia.

## Organizations

* Malta Gaming Authority, Malta's gaming control board
* Midwestern Governors Association, a nonprofit organization of the 12 American Midwest states' governors
* A subsidiary of Mitsubishi

## Entertainment

* Marriott's Great America, earlier name of Great America, former name of amusement parks
* Metal Gear Acid, a PlayStation Portable video game by Konami
* Metal Gear Arcade, a reworked arcade version of the Metal Gear Online video game by Konami
* MGA Entertainment, a toy production company
* Mint Green Army, the football team of St Anne's College, Oxford

## Linguistics

* In the Filipino language, "mga" (pronounced as [mɐˈŋa]) is used as a prefix to pluralize nouns

## Social sciences

* Multiple gender attraction, a term for those attracted to more than one gender
# Antoine Schneck

Antoine Schneck is a French visual-art photographer born in 1963 in Suresnes, France. He is known in particular for his portraits and still lifes with a black background. A retrospective monograph of his work was published in October 2021 by in fine éditions d'art.
Since 2018 Schneck is also a board member of France's Société des auteurs dans les arts graphiques et plastiques (ADAGP).

## Personal life

Schneck's father was a maxillofacial surgeon.

## Exhibitions

* 2022
** Pixelophonie, NFT by Antoine Schneck and Hugues Hervé, Opéra Comique, Paris
* 2021
** L'Autre, Galerie Berthet-Aittouarès, Paris.
* 2020
** Le Passeur, Galerie Berthet-Aittouarès, Paris.
* 2019
** Antoine Schneck dans tous ses états, Galerie Berthet-Aittouarès, Paris.
* 2018
** Du masque à l'âme, La Confluence, Betton.
** Du rêve à la réalité, au cœur des montagnes Miao, Couleurs de Chine, DS World, Paris.
* 2017
** Du masque à l'âme, Le Kiosque, Vannes
** Young Master Art Prize Exhibition (4th Edition), Gallery 8, London
** Autophoto, Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, Paris
* 2015
** Antoine Schneck, Le Carmel, Tarbes.
* 2014 - 2018
** Soldats inconnus, Salle des Palmes, Arc de triomphe, Paris.
* 2012 - 2020 (exposition permanente)
** Leur Chien, Château de Beauregard (Loir-et-Cher)
* 2011
** L'été 2011 au Sénat, Orangerie du Sénat, Paris.
** Les Gisants, Basilica of Saint-Denis, Paris.
* 2010
** Leur chien, Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature, Paris

## Works

* Antoine Schneck, foreword by Pierre Wat, published by InFine éditions d'art, 2021.
* Antoine Schneck, du masque à l'âme, foreword to the catalogue of the exhibit by Pierre Wat et Jérôme Clément, Editions galerie Berthet-Aittouarès, 2015.
* Les gisants de Saint-Denis, préface du catalogue de l'exposition par Pierre Pachet, Éditions du Patrimoine, 2011.
* Leur chien, foreword to the catalogue of the exhibit by Claude d’Anthenaise, curator of Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature, 2010.
* Antoine Schneck Photographies, texts by Laurent Boudier and Yaël Pachet, Éditions Galerie Berthet-Aittouarès, 2010.
* La cuisine de la Diaspora, text by Deborah Haccoun, Minerva, 2007.
* Trilogy, Burkina Faso, portrait by Antoine Schneck, Revue Soon, 2007.
* Déco & récup, Éditions Aubanel, 2007.
* Intérieur Parisiens vu par Dora Tauzin, Édition Gap-Japan, 2005.
* Envies de gâteaux, text by Sylvie Girard-Lagorce, Flammarion, 2003.
* Envies de bonbons, text by Sylvie Girard-Lagorce, Flammarion, 2003.
* Jardins de Poitiers, text by Agnès Zamboni, Patrimoine et Médias, 2001.
* Les Tsiganes, text by Hugues Moutouh, collection Dominos, Flammarion, 2000.
* Tsiganes en Roumanie, text by Bernard Houliat, Éditions du Rouergue, 1999.
# Michael Wheeler (philosopher)

Michael William Wheeler (born 5 November 1960) is a British philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Stirling. He is known for his Heideggerian approach to contemporary cognitive science research.

## Books

* Reconstructing the Cognitive World: The Next Step (2007)
* Heidegger and Cognitive Science (2012)
* Distributed Cognition in Medieval and Renaissance Culture (June 2019)
* Distributed Cognition in Enlightenment and Romantic Culture (September 2019)
# 7th Armoured Brigade (France)

The 7th Armoured Brigade (French: 7$^e$ Brigade blindée) is an armoured brigade of the French Army. It carries on the traditions and honours of the 7th Armoured Division.

## Organization

The organisation of the brigade as of 2022 is:
* Headquarters and Staff, in Besançon
* 7éme Compagnie de Commandement et de Transmissions – Command & Signals Company, in Besançon
* 1st Chasseur Regiment – Armoured Regiment, in Thierville-sur-Meuse
* 5éme Régiment de Dragons – Combined Armoured Regiment, in Mailly-le-Camp
* 35éme Régiment d'Infanterie – Armoured Infantry, in Belfort
* 152éme Régiment d'Infanterie – Armoured Infantry, in Colmar
* 1ére Régiment de Tirailleurs – Armoured Infantry, in Epinal
* 68éme Régiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique – Mobile Artillery, in La Valbonne
* 3éme Régiment du Génie – Engineers, in Charleville-Mézières
* Le Centre de Formation Initiale des Militaires du Rang 7e Brigade Blindée – 3éme Régiment de Chasseurs d'Afrique, in Valdahon (Initial brigade training centre)