# Johnnie Parsons

John Woodrow Parsons (July 4, 1918 – September 8, 1984) was an American racing driver in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series. He was the 1949 AAA national champion, and won the 1950 Indianapolis 500.
Parsons was known as a "charger" - needing others to compete against in order to bring out the best in him as a driver - frequently moving from near the back of the grid to the front in spectacular displays of driving ability. He drove for several seasons on a team owned by Frank Kurtis, owner of Kurtis Kraft, the leading constructor of AAA Championship cars during the early 1950s.

## Early life

Parsons was born in Los Angeles, California, to Harmon and Belle Parsons, who both made their living in show business. By the age of three, Parsons was a participant in his family's song-and-dance act, working vaudeville theaters of the Orpheum Circuit. During these experiences Parsons developed a knack for showmanship that helped him become a fan favorite during his racing career. Parsons' parents separated in the mid-1920s, after which he went to live with his uncle, Jack Bridges, who owned a garage in Los Angeles.
Among those who leased space from Bridges included local legend dirt track driver Fred Lecklider, rising star Frank Lockhart, and Ralph DePalma, winner of the 1915 Indianapolis 500. Exposure to these drivers coupled with the experiences attending his first races at the Legion Ascot Speedway during the late 1920s inspired Parsons to aspire to a driving career for himself. As a teenager, he sold programs during midget races in the grandstands of venues such as Gilmore Stadium.
Parsons was heavily influenced by drivers such as Bob Swanson - a two-time winner of the Turkey Night Grand Prix - who were also skilled mechanics. Parsons, determined to emulate the career of Swanson, learned to weld and work on cars, becoming multi-talented within the sport. During junior high school he began working for some of the local drivers who had cars stored at his uncle's garage. By the time of his graduation from Polytechnic High School, he had worked for drivers such as Curly Wetteroth and Kelly Petillo. He was then hired by an engineering firm in Glendale, where he did design layouts and worked as a welder.

## Driving career
### Midget and Sprint car career

Parsons' open-wheel racing career began in 1940, competing in a midget race at Atlantic Boulevard Speedway in Los Angeles. Later that year, he scored his first victory at a race held in Colton, California. Around this time he began competing in semi-professional, United Midget Association (UMA) sanctioned midget races on the U.S West Coast. In 1942, Parsons won the UMA championship, winning 18 races during the season, which was interrupted by the Second World War. During the war, Parsons worked for the Douglas Aircraft Company.
Post-war, Parsons resumed racing in UMA sanctioned events throughout California. He also turned professional, in one week racing as often as five nights, and twice during Sundays. In 1947, Parsons raced out of state for the first time, relocating to the Midwest, where he competed in AAA-sanctioned events held throughout the United States. In 1948, Parsons claimed the AAA Midwest Midget championship, a year during which he won the prestigious third feature of the Night Before the 500 triple-header held at the 16th Street Speedway - located across from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. His successes during this year earned Parsons Championship Car opportunities.
Parsons continued racing midgets during his Championship car career. He won the 1955 Turkey Night Grand Prix midget car race, and also began racing sprint cars. In 1951, he finished third in the AAA Eastern Sprint Car championship.

### Championship car career

Parsons began racing in the AAA after World War II. Parsons finished second in his first Indy 500 in 1949. He won the season championship that season. He also won the 1950 Indianapolis 500.
After he retired, he became the Chief Steward for the USAC Midget division on the West Coast in the 1970s.

### World Drivers' Championship career

The AAA/USAC-sanctioned Indianapolis 500 was included in the FIA World Drivers' Championship from 1950 through 1960. Drivers competing at Indianapolis during those years were credited with World Drivers' Championship points and participation in addition to those which they received towards the AAA/USAC National Championship.
Parsons participated in nine World Drivers' Championship races at Indianapolis. He won once, recorded one fastest lap, and accumulated 12 World Drivers' Championship points.
Parsons is one of only three drivers to win on their World Drivers' Championship début. The other two are Nino Farina, who won the inaugural World Championship race – the 1950 British Grand Prix, 17 days earlier – and Giancarlo Baghetti, who won the 1961 French Grand Prix.

## Personal life

Around 1942, Parsons met and married his first wife, Arza. Together they had two children; a son, John Wayne Parsons, and a daughter, Joan. John, commonly referred to as "Johnny Parsons, Jr.," would grow up to also become a race car driver. Parsons, Sr. and Arza separated around 1947. Arza would later marry Duane Carter, having a son, Duane, Jr. - commonly known as "Pancho" - who coincidentally also grew up to be a race car driver.
In 1947, Parsons married his second wife, Lila, together having a daughter, named Patricia.

## Borg-Warner Trophy

Johnnie Parsons had the dubious distinction of being the only Indianapolis 500 winner to have his name misspelled on the Borg-Warner Trophy. The silversmith engraved "Johnny" instead of "Johnnie." He had a son named Johnny who competed at Indy a dozen times. Evidence of the engraver's mistake can be seen in MGM’s production, To Please a Lady (1950). When the camera pans across Johnnie Parsons' name and bust relief, while they’re doing a brief segment on the trophy, his misspelled name is revealed. In 1991, during a trophy restoration project, it was proposed to correct the spelling, albeit posthumously. However, it was decided to keep the error intact, as part of the trophy's lore.

## Awards and honors

Parsons has been inducted into the following halls of fame:
* National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame (1984)
* Auto Racing Hall of Fame (1986)
* Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (2004)
* National Sprint Car Hall of Fame (2008)

## Motorsports career results
### AAA/USAC Championship Car results

| Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Pos | Points |
| 1948 | ARL | INDY DNQ | MIL | LAN | MIL | SPR 2 | MIL 2 | DUQ 11 | ATL | PIK | SPR 13 | DUQ 1 | | | | 11th | 700 |
| 1949 | ARL 1 | INDY 2 | MIL 13 | TRE 11 | SPR 3 | MIL 1 | DUQ 11 | PIK | SYR 1 | DET 12 | SPR 1 | LAN 1 | SAC 5 | DMR 15 | | 1st | 2,280 |
| 1950 | INDY 1 | MIL 11 | LAN DNS | SPR DNQ | MIL DNS | PIK | SYR DNQ | DET 16 | SPR DNQ | SAC 11 | PHX 3 | BAY DNQ | DAR 1 | | | 3rd | 1,313 |
| 1951 | INDY 21 | MIL DNQ | LAN DNS | DAR 23 | SPR | MIL 3 | DUQ 2 | DUQ 16 | PIK | SYR 17 | DET | DNC 14 | SJS 7 | PHX 1 | BAY 1 | 6th | 1,012 |
| 1952 | INDY 10 | MIL DNQ | RAL 22 | SPR DNQ | MIL | DET | DUQ | PIK | SYR | DNC | SJS 16 | PHX 1 | | | | 18th | 350 |
| 1953 | INDY 26 | MIL | SPR DNQ | DET 8 | SPR 4 | MIL 21 | DUQ 3 | PIK | SYR 12 | ISF 3 | SAC 15 | PHX 16 | | | | 13th | 435.5 |
| 1954 | INDY 32 | MIL 16 | LAN | DAR 30 | SPR DNQ | MIL | DUQ 7 | PIK | SYR 8 | ISF 16 | SAC DNQ | PHX DNQ | LVG DNQ | | | 33rd | 122.5 |
| 1955 | INDY 21 | MIL | LAN | SPR | MIL 9 | DUQ DNQ | PIK | SYR DNQ | ISF | SAC | PHX | | | | | 39th | 53.2 |
| 1956 | INDY 4 | MIL 17 | LAN | DAR | ATL | SPR | MIL 11 | DUQ DNQ | SYR DNP | ISF | SAC DNQ | PHX | | | | 13th | 650 |
| 1957 | INDY 16 | LAN | MIL | DET | ATL | SPR | MIL 7 | DUQ | SYR | ISF | TRE | SAC | PHX | | | 27th | 120 |
| 1958 | TRE | INDY 12 | MIL Wth | LAN | ATL | SPR | MIL | DUQ | SYR | ISF | TRE | SAC | PHX | | | 34th | 50 |
| 1959 | DAY | TRE | INDY DNP | MIL | LAN | SPR | MIL | DUQ | SYR | ISF | TRE | SAC | PHX | | | - | 0 |

### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1949 | 12 | 12 | 132.900 | 2 | 2nd | 200 | 0 | Running |
| 1950 | 1 | 5 | 132.044 | 8 | 1st | 138 | 115 | Running |
| 1951 | 3 | 8 | 132.154 | 28 | 21 | 87 | 0 | Magneto |
| 1952 | 5 | 31 | 135.328 | 19 | 10 | 200 | 0 | Running |
| 1953 | 21 | 8 | 137.667 | 3 | 26 | 86 | 0 | Crankshaft |
| 1954 | 15 | 15 | 139.578 | 6 | 32 | 79 | 0 | Stalled in pits |
| 1955 | 16 | 27 | 136.809 | 27 | 21 | 119 | 0 | Magneto |
| 1956 | 98 | 6 | 144.144 | 7 | 4 | 200 | 16 | Running |
| 1957* | 18 | 17 | 140.784 | 21 | 16 | 195 | 0 | Flagged |
| 1958 | 45 | 6 | 144.683 | 6 | 12 | 200 | 0 | Running |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 1504 | 131 | |
| Starts | 10 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 1 |
| Top 5 | 3 |
| Top 10 | 4 |
| Retired | 4 |
* Parsons initially failed to qualify for the 1957 Indianapolis 500. However, Dick Rathmann (who had qualified) was mugged the day before the race and therefore deemed unable to drive. Parsons was selected as replacement driver for the car and allowed to start from the position Dick Rathmann had qualified the car at (in later years such a driver change would see the car in question moved to the rear of the field).

### FIA World Drivers' Championship results

(key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | WDC | Points |
| 1950 | Wynn's Friction / Kurtis-Kraft | Kurtis Kraft 1000 | Offenhauser L4 | GBR | MON | 500 1 | SUI | BEL | FRA | ITA | | | | | 6th | 9 |
| 1951 | Wynn's Friction Proofing / Walsh | Kurtis Kraft 3000 | Offenhauser L4 | SUI | 500 Ret | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | ESP | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1952 | Jim Robbins | Kurtis Kraft 1000 | Offenhauser L4 | SUI | 500 10 | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | NED | ITA | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1953 | Belond Equa-Flow | Kurtis Kraft 500B | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | 500 Ret | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | SUI | ITA | | | NC | 0 |
| 1954 | Belond Equa-Flow / Calif. Muffler | Kurtis Kraft 500C | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | 500 Ret | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | SUI | ITA | ESP | | | NC | 0 |
| 1955 | Trio Brass Foundry / Anderson | Kurtis Kraft 500C | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500 Ret | BEL | NED | GBR | ITA | | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1956 | J.C. Agajanian | Kuzma Indy Roadster | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500 4 | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | | | | 18th | 3 |
| 1957 | Sumar/Chapman Root | Kurtis Kraft 500G | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500 16 | FRA | GBR | GER | PES | ITA | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1958 | Fred Gerhardt | Kurtis Kraft 500G | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | NED | 500 12 | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | POR | ITA | MOR | NC | 0 |