OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jim Gallagher (civil servant)

James Daniel Gallagher CB FRSE is a Scottish civil servant. He was Director General of devolution for the United Kingdom's Ministry of Justice from 2007 until 2010, and served as Secretary to the Commission on Scottish Devolution. He joined Better Together in January 2014 as a strategy advisor.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2005 Birthday Honours.
# Randolph and Arch station

Randolph and Arch is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro M Ocean View line, located in the Ingleside Heights neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The stop has no regular platforms; passengers cross a parking lane to board trains. Mini-high platforms for accessibility are located on the far side of Arch Street.

## History

The M Ocean View line opened on October 6, 1925. The line was replaced with buses on August 6, 1939, but streetcar service resumed on December 17, 1944.
In 2022, the SFMTA begin planning the M Ocean View Transit and Safety Project, a MuniForward project intended to improve reliability of the segment between Junipero Serra Boulevard and Balboa Park station. Initial proposals released that September did not call for any changes to Randolph and Arch. A revised proposal in May 2023 called for transit bulbs long enough for the first car of trains. As of October 2023, "quick-build" implementation of some changes is expected to begin in late 2023, with main construction beginning in 2026.
# Adamstuen

59°56′N 10°44′E﻿ / ﻿59.93°N 10.73°E﻿ / 59.93; 10.73
Adamstuen is a neighborhood in the borough of St. Hanshaugen in Oslo, Norway. It is located south of Ullevål University Hospital. It is served by Adamstuen stop of the Oslo Tramway.
The neighborhood's name comes from Adam R. Steen (d. 1807), a storekeeper who owned the property, combined with the Norwegian stue, 'cabin, house with one single room', inflected in definite form. A similar etymology is evident in the name of the Majorstuen neighborhood.
The September 2009 issue of Monocle featured an article on Thereses gate, a street running through the heart of the neighborhood, noting its "small-town feel".
# Eugene P. Robertson House

The Eugene P. Robertson House is a single-family home located at 412 South Clinton Street in Albion, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## History

Eugene P. Robertson was born in Albion in 1841. Robertson began working Mayhew & Irwin, a local private banking firm, in 1863. By 1877, he was cashier of the Albion Exchange Bank owned by J. W. Sheldon. About the same time, likely in 1875, Robertson built this house for his family. He went on to serve as the mayor of the City of Albion in 1890. In 1891 and 1892 he served as treasurer of the Michigan Bankers Association, and was elected treasurer of Albion College. In 1894, bank owner J. W. Sheldon died In 1895 Robertson established the Albion State Bank where he served as president of until at least 1913. Robertson lived in the house until his death in 1916, and the house remained in the family until the death of his widow, Carrie L. Robertson in 1923. It was later turned into apartments.

## Description

The Eugene P. Robertson House is a two-story, red brick Italianate structure with a T-shaped main section and a slightly lower rear addition. The house originally had a small Italianate front porch and double entry doors. Around 1900 these were replaced with a broad bracketed veranda supported by square wood posts on a cement block base, and a single front door with sidelights. The windows have highly ornamental carved stone caps with keystones and corbels and incised detailing. Two bay windows have paneled aprons, round-corner windows, and bracketed cornices. The house has a low pitch hip roof with paneled soffit windows and paired-bracket cornice supports.
# Danil Khromov

Danil Dmitriyevich Khromov (Russian: Данил Дмитриевич Хромов; born 25 December 2002) is a Russian football player.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Rostov on 19 June 2020 in a game against Sochi. FC Rostov was forced to field their Under-18 squad in that game as their main squad was quarantined after 6 players tested positive for COVID-19.
On 29 June 2022, Khromov extended his contract with Rostov for three more years and was loaned to Arsenal Tula.

## Career statistics

    As of 25 May 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Rostov | 2019–20 | Russian Premier League | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Rostov | 2021–22 | Russian Premier League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Rostov | 2023–24 | Russian Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Rostov | Total | Total | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Arsenal Tula (loan) | 2022–23 | Russian First League | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 9 | 0 |
| Arsenal-2 Tula (loan) | 2022–23 | Russian Second League | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
# Rapidan station

The Rapidan Passenger Depot is located at the junction of VA 614, VA 615, and VA 673 in Rapidan, Virginia, United States.

## History

In January 1848 three petitions were submitted to the Virginia General Assembly from businessmen in Culpeper County for incorporation of an "Orange and Alexandria Railroad Company". In March 1848 the Virginia General Assembly chartered the Orange and Alexandria Railroad Company. Its charter specified that it was to run from Gordonsville through Culpeper Court House to Alexandria.
The town in which the station lies began in the small milling community known as Waugh's Ford. With the coming of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad in 1854, the settlement was renamed Rapid Ann Station, reflecting the customary name of the river (a fast-moving stream named for Princess Ann).
In January 1854, the railroad reached the Rapidan River and a station was established. A post office was opened at "Rapid Ann Station". In April 1863, W.H.F. Lee's Confederate Cavalry burnt the Rapidan River Bridge. In September 1864, the federal cavalry burnt facilities at Mitchell and Rapidan Stations. In 1876, the Charlottesville & Rapidan RR was incorporated to construct a direct line between Orange and Charlottesville. The line was eventually merged into the Southern Railway and today serves as Norfolk Southern's mainline between the two cities. The original line between Orange and Gordonsville was leased to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The current Passenger Depot was constructed. In 1880, the Charlottesville and Rapidan Railroad was opened (Gordonsville by-pass). In 1886, the village and the station was renamed Rapidan. Today the station is part of the Rapidan Historic District.
# Harald Rosenløw Eeg

Harald Rosenløw Eeg (born 18 August 1970) is a Norwegian novelist and script writer. He made his literary début in 1995 with the youth novel Glasskår, for which he was awarded the Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris. Eeg also wrote the script for a film with the same name from 2002.$^{:165}$ He wrote the script for Hawaii, Oslo, directed by Erik Poppe and released in 2004,$^{:202}$ and for the film Uro from 2006, directed by Stefan Faldbakken.$^{:231}$ The 2008 film Troubled Water, directed by Poppe, was based on a script by Eeg.$^{:282-283}$ The film won the audience prize for best narrative feature film at the 16th Hamptons International Film Festival in 2008.
Eeg was awarded the Brage Prize in 2004 for the youth novel Yatzy.
# Industroyer

Industroyer (also referred to as Crashoverride) is a malware framework considered to have been used in the cyberattack on Ukraine's power grid on 17 December 2016. The attack cut a fifth of Kyiv, the capital, off power for one hour and is considered to have been a large-scale test. The Kyiv incident was the second cyberattack on Ukraine's power grid in two years. The first attack occurred on 23 December 2015. Industroyer is the first ever known malware specifically designed to attack electrical grids. At the same time, it is the fourth malware publicly revealed to target industrial control systems, after Stuxnet, Havex, and BlackEnergy.

## Discovery and naming

The malware was discovered by Slovak internet security company ESET. ESET and most of the cybersecurity companies detect it under the name "Industroyer". Cybersecurity firm Dragos named the malware "Crashoverride". In 2022, the Russian hacker group Sandworm initiated a blackout in Ukraine using a variant of Industroyer aptly dubbed Industroyer2.

## Description

The detailed analysis of Industroyer revealed that the malware was designed to disrupt the working processes of industrial control systems, specifically those used in electrical substations. Industroyer is modular malware; its main components are the following:
* A main backdoor is used to control all other components of the malware. It connects to its remote Command & Control servers in order to receive commands from the attackers.
* An additional backdoor provides an alternative persistence mechanism that allows the attackers to regain access to a targeted network in case the main backdoor is detected and/or disabled.
* A launcher component is a separate executable responsible for launching the payload components and the data wiper component. The launcher component contains a specific activation time and date; analyzed samples contained two dates: 17 December 2016 and 20 December 2016. (Note: the former date was the date the attack actually went ahead.)
* Four payload components target particular industrial communication protocols specified in the following standards: IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104, IEC 61850, and OLE for Process Control Data Access (OPC Data Access). The functionalities of the payload components include mapping the network, and then issuing commands to the specific industrial control devices.
* A data wiper component is designed to erase system-crucial Registry keys and overwrite files to make the system unbootable and recovery from the attack harder.
# El Amante

"El Amante" (English: "The Lover") is a song by American singer Nicky Jam from his fourth studio album, Fénix (2017). Written by Jam, Juan Vélez, and its producer Saga WhiteBlack, the track was released by Sony Music Latin on January 16, 2017, as the fourth single from the album. A remix featuring Ozuna and Bad Bunny was released on June 26, 2017.

## Music video

The music video for "El Amante" was released on January 15, 2017, and has received over 1.3 billion views on YouTube.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Colombia (National-Report) | 3 |
| Dominican Republic (Monitor Latino) | 6 |
| Ecuador (National-Report) | 21 |
| El Salvador (Monitor Latino) | 10 |
| France (SNEP) | 135 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 17 |
| Mexico (Billboard Mexican Airplay) | 10 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 78 |
| Panama (Monitor Latino) | 2 |
| Paraguay (Monitor Latino) | 6 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 48 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 3 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 31 |
| Uruguay (Monitor Latino) | 12 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 92 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Latin Airplay (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Latin Rhythm Airplay (Billboard) | 1 |
| Venezuela (National-Report) | 13 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2017) | Position |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | 5 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 41 |
| México (AMPROFON) | 7 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 97 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 6 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 75 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 6 |

### Decade-end charts

| Chart (2010–2019) | Position |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 43 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000$^‡$ |
| Italy (FIMI) | 3× Platinum | 150,000$^‡$ |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | Diamond+4× Platinum | 540,000$^‡$ |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 4× Platinum | 160,000$^‡$ |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 20,000$^‡$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Platinum | 20,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 13× Platinum (Latin) | 780,000$^‡$ |
| Streaming |||
| Chile (Profovi) | 2× Platinum | 16,000,000 |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Archon (butterfly)

Archon is a genus of Palaearctic swallowtail butterflies in the subfamily Parnassiinae. Traditionally, only two species have been recognized: Archon apollinus and Archon apollinaris. Recent studies, however, have given specific status to a third taxon, Archon bostanchii, and suggested that further subspecies could warrant recognition as species.

## Taxonomy

The genus consists of the following species:
| Scientific name | Distribution |
| Archon apollinaris (Staudinger, 1892) | Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. |
| Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1789) | Central and Eastern Europe and West Asia. |
| Archon bostanchii de Freina & Naderi, 2003 | Iran. |

## Food plants

Species from this genus feed on Aristolochia species.
# A8ernA

A8ernA is a public space in Koog aan de Zaan, Zaanstad, the Netherlands. The urban renewal project cost €2,700,000 and was a Joint Winner of the 2006 European Prize for Urban Public Space.

## Features

A8ernA makes use of the space under the A8 motorway bridge as it passes through Koog aan de Zaan. It contains an area for teenagers consisting of a graffiti zone, a skateboarding park, a break dance stage, ping-pong tables, a small football pitch, a basketball court and benches for couples.

## Construction

The semi-spherical concavities in the skateboarding park were built using blocks of polystyrene cut to measure with a computer-controlled saw and coated with concrete.
# The Link and the Chain

The Link and the Chain (French: Le Maillon et la chaîne) is a 1963 French documentary film about life in the Loyalty Islands, directed by Jacques Ertaud. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2015.
# Gaye McDermit

Gaye Lynette Horne (née McDermit, born 9 May 1945) is a former New Zealand fencer who won two bronze medals representing her country at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.

## Biography

Born on 9 May 1945, McDermit finished as runner-up in the women's foil at the 1965 New Zealand national fencing championships. The same year, she was part of the New Zealand team that competed against Australia.
At the time of the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, McDermit was working as a typist. At those games, she represented New Zealand in both the women's individual and teams foil events. She won a bronze medal in the individual foil, and then won a second bronze alongside Pam French and Joyce Fenton in the team event.
McDermitt also competed in the individual and team foil events again at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, but was unplaced.
# Campbell v. City of Oakland

Timothy Scott Campbell, et al. v. City of Oakland, et al. is an ongoing civil rights lawsuit in the US District Court of Northern California.
Scott Campbell was video recording members of the Oakland Police Department during an Occupy Oakland protest on the night of November 2–3, 2011. Shortly before 1am on November 3, he was shot by police using a less-lethal round while he was filming a stationary line of police in riot gear, hours after the 2011 Oakland general strike but during ongoing street clashes between protestors and police in what the San Francisco Chronicle described as "chaos after midnight. Masked vandals shattered windows, set fires and plastered downtown businesses with graffiti before police moved in, dispersing crowds with tear gas and flash-bang grenades and making dozens of arrests."
The apparently unprovoked shooting of Campbell was documented by the resulting point-of-view video from his own camera. University of South Carolina criminal justice professor Geoffrey Alpert said that unless something occurred off-camera to provoke the officer, the shooting was "one of the most outrageous uses of a firearm" he'd ever seen. "Unless there's a threat that you can't see in the video, that just looks like absolute punishment, which is the worst type of excessive force," Alpert told the Oakland Tribune.
Campbell and co-plaintiffs filed suit in Federal Court in November 2011. In 2013, the City of Oakland approved a $1.17 million settlement to Scott Campbell and 11 other Occupy Oakland protestors who were injured by police.
# Walter Baade

Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Baade (March 24, 1893 – June 25, 1960) was a German astronomer who worked in the United States from 1931 to 1959.

## Early life and education

Baade was born the son of a teacher in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. He finished school in 1912. He then studied maths, physics and astronomy at the universities of Münster and Göttingen. He received his PhD in 1919.

## Career

Baade worked at Hamburg Observatory at Bergedorf from 1919 to 1931. In 1920 he discovered 944 Hidalgo, the first of a class of minor planets now called Centaurs which cross the orbits of giant planets.
From 1931 to 1958, he worked at Mount Wilson Observatory
In 1937, the University of Hamburg wanted Baade as successor of Richard Schorr for the Hamburg Observatory, but he refused.
At Mount Wilson Observatory, during World War II, he took advantage of wartime blackout conditions (which reduced light pollution), to resolve stars in the center of the Andromeda Galaxy for the first time. These observations led him to define distinct "populations" for stars (Population I and Population II). The same observations led him to discover that there are two types of Cepheid variable stars. Using this discovery he recalculated the size of the known universe, doubling the previous calculation made by Edwin Hubble in 1929. He announced this finding to considerable astonishment at the 1952 meeting of the International Astronomical Union in Rome.
Together with Fritz Zwicky, he identified supernovae as a new category of astronomical objects. Zwicky and he also proposed the existence of neutron stars, and suggested supernovae might create them.
Beginning in 1952, he and Rudolph Minkowski identified the optical counterparts of various radio sources, including Cygnus A. He discovered 10 asteroids, including 944 Hidalgo, which has a long orbital period (it is actually the first centaur ever discovered, although they were not recognized as a distinct dynamical class until 1977); the Apollo-class 1566 Icarus, the perihelion of which is closer than that of Mercury; and the Amor-type 1036 Ganymed.

## Personal life

He died in 1960 in Göttingen, West Germany.

## Honors

Asteroids discovered: 10 :
| 930 Westphalia | March 10, 1920 |
| 934 Thüringia | August 15, 1920 |
| 944 Hidalgo | October 31, 1920 |
| 966 Muschi | November 9, 1921 |
| 967 Helionape | November 9, 1921 |
| 1036 Ganymed | October 23, 1924 |
| 1103 Sequoia | November 9, 1928 |
| 1566 Icarus | June 27, 1949 |
| 5656 Oldfield | October 8, 1920 |
| 7448 Pöllath | January 14, 1948 |
Awards
* Foreign membership of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (1953)
* Elected Member of the American Philosophical Society (1953).
* Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1954)
* Bruce Medal (1955)
* Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society (1958)
Named after him
* Asteroid 1501 Baade
* The crater Baade on the Moon
* Vallis Baade, a vallis (valley) on the Moon
* One of the two Magellan telescopes
* The asteroid 966 Muschi, after his wife's nickname
# Álvaro del Amo Cano

Álvaro del Amo Cano (born 20 January 1990) is a Spanish para-athlete specializing in throwing events: shot put and discus throw.

## Career

He represented Spain at the 2023 World Para Athletics Championships and won bronze medals in the discus throw and shot put events.
He represented Spain at the 2024 Summer Paralympics and won a bronze medal in the shot put and discus throw F11 events.
# Diagonal pliers

Diagonal pliers (also known as wire cutters or diagonal cutting pliers, or under many regional names) are pliers intended for the cutting of wire or small stock, rather than grabbing or turning. The plane defined by the cutting edges of the jaws intersects the joint rivet at an angle or "on a diagonal", giving pliers their name.
They are also adapted for use in inaccessible places.

## Action

Instead of using a shearing action as with scissors, diagonal pliers cut by indenting and wedging the wire apart. The jaw edges are ground to a symmetrical "V" shape, thus the two jaws can be visualized to form the letter "X", as seen end-on when closed. The blades are made of tempered steel, and inductive heating and quenching are often used to harden the jaws.

## Jargon

In UK English and Irish English, diagonal pliers are commonly referred to as snips, nippers or side cutters. The term snips commonly refers to larger items, not to those used for cutting electrical wiring etc. In Canada, Australia and New Zealand too, the items are often referred to as side cutters.
Diags, dykes or dikes is jargon used especially in the US electrical industry to describe diagonal pliers. "Dike" can also be used (but only colloquially) as a verb, as in the phrase "when in doubt, dike it out".

## Insulation

The handles of diagonal cutting pliers are commonly insulated with a dip-type or shrink fit electrically insulating material for comfort and some protection against electric shock.

## Uses

Diagonal pliers are useful for cutting copper, brass, iron, aluminium and steel wire. Lower quality versions are generally not suitable for cutting tempered steel, such as piano wire, as the jaws are not hard enough. Attempting to cut such material will usually cause indentations to be made in the jaws, or a piece to break out of one or both jaws, thus ruining the tool. However higher quality side cutters can cut hardened steel, such as 2 mm piano wire.

## Variations

For electronics work, special diagonal cutters that are ground flush to the apex of the cutting edge on one side of the jaws are often used. These flush-cutting pliers allow wires to be trimmed flush or nearly flush to a solder joint, avoiding the sharp tip left by symmetrical diagonal cutters. It is common for this type of diagonal cutter to be referred to by another name, such as flush cutter to distinguish it from symmetrical cutters.
For easier cutting of larger gauge wire, a compound action can be employed to increase the mechanical advantage.
Some pliers for electrical work are fitted with wire-cutter blades either built into the jaws or on the handles just below the pivot.
Other variations are made to create high leverage specifically to cut through hard wire, such as electrical fence wire, dental wire, and piano wire.

## Gallery

* Wire cutting with a shearing action
# Hough Green

Hough Green is a residential area of the town of Widnes, within the borough of Halton, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, in 2014 Hough Green became a part of the Liverpool City Region.
Transportation is good with a bus link to the centre of Widnes. Hough Green railway station has rail links to nearby Liverpool, being on the Merseyrail metro, Widnes and further afield to Manchester and Warrington.
# Jitender Singh Malik

Jitender Singh Malik is a former member of parliament of India from Sonepat. Before elected to parliament, he was legislator from Kailana assembly (Gannur) constituency in Haryana. In 2009 general elections, He defeated three times sitting MP Chaudhary Kishan Singh Sangwan of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
He is the third generation of his family to be in public service: His father, Rajender Singh Malik served as the Minister of Health, Food Supplies and Civil Aviation, Haryana. while his grandfather, Choudhary Lehri Singh Malik, was a freedom fighter, a member of the 3rd Lok Sabha (1962–67) from Rohtak, Choudhary Lehri Singh Malik, who was also a member of Punjab Vidhan Sabha from 1946 to 1961 and Irrigation and Power Minister in Punjab Government.