OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Balurghat College

Balurghat College is a co-educational institution of higher education located in Balurghat, Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India.

## History

The college was established in June 1948 as an intermediate liberal arts college with 96 students. In 1950, the college was recognized by the University Grants Commission and it is supported by the West Bengal government as an aided college. North Bengal University accepted the college as a constituent college in September 2003; it is now under Gour Banga University.

## About college

Today, the college has grown into a degree college with over 3,000 students, with undergraduate education in arts, sciences and commerce, and postgraduate courses in Bengali and commerce.
Distance education is offered through North Bengal University, and the college is a study centre for Netaji Subhas Open University and Indira Gandhi National Open University.
English and Bengali are compulsory languages for all undergraduate students at Balurghat College.

## Academics

Subjects Categorized by Faculty :
| Faculty | Subjects |
| Arts | BengaliEnglishSanskritHistoryEconomicsEducationGeographyPhilosophyPolitical ScienceJournalism and Mass Communication |
| Science | ChemistryMathematicsPhysicsComputer ScienceBotanyZoologyGeographyPhysical EducationBio-SciencePure ScienceFood & Nutrition |
| Commerce | AccountancyCommerce |

## Accreditation

Balurghat College was accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in May 2004 with a grade of "B". In the 2nd Cycle, in February 2021, College is accredited with Grade B by NAAC in the new metrics based assessment system.

## Campus

The campus occupies 9.5 acres (38,000 m$^2$) in Balurghat and is equipped with facilities including a library, laboratories, museum, hostel, workshop and guest house.

## Museum

Balurghat College Museum is a new addition to the campus, with an extensive collection of early stone sculptures of the Pala-Sena period, coins and 11th century stone inscriptions of Nayapala from the town of Gangarampur.
# Dixon

Dixon may refer to:

## Places
### International

* Dixon Entrance, part of the Inside Passage between Alaska and British Columbia

### Canada

* Dixon, Ontario

### United States

* Dixon, California
* Dixon, Illinois
* Dixon, Indiana and Ohio, an unincorporated community in Allen County, Indiana and Van Wert County, Ohio
* Dixon, Iowa
* Dixon, Kentucky
* Dixon, New Orleans
* Dixon, Michigan
* Dixon, Missouri
* Dixon, Nebraska
* Dixon, New Mexico
* Dixon, South Dakota
* Dixon, Wyoming
* Dixon County, Nebraska
* Dixon Lane-Meadow Creek, California
* Sčilíp, Montana, Previously named Dixon

### Other

* Dixons Creek, Victoria, Australia

## Other uses

* Dixon (surname)
* Dixon (DJ) (born 1975), German house and techno DJ and producer
* Dixon, drummer in an early line-up of Siouxsie and the Banshees
* Dixon of Dock Green, BBC TV police series
* Dixon Ticonderoga, a pencil manufacturer
* Dixon (Shacklefords, Virginia)
* USS Dixon, a U.S. Navy submarine tender
# Ala'a Abu Saleh

Ala'a Abu Saleh (Arabic: علاء أبو صالح, Hebrew: עלאא אבו סאלח; born June 25, 1987) is a Palestinian footballer who plays as a right full back.
# Dangun calendar

The Dangun calendar (Korean: 단군기원; Hanja: 檀君紀元) is a Korean calendar system whose epoch is set as the year 2333 BC, the legendary year of the founding of Gojoseon by Dangun Wanggeom. It was the official calendar system of South Korea from 1948 to 1962. Dates are calculated from Korea's meridian (135th meridian east in modern time for South Korea), and observances and festivals are based on Korean culture.

## History

The ancient East Asian state of Gojoseon is widely considered the first state of the Korean nation. The founding myth of Gojoseon, as recounted by Il-yeon's 13th-century text Samguk Yusa, denotes that the kingdom was founded by the mythical deity Dangun fifty years after the enthronement of the legendary Chinese Emperor Yao, on the year of gyeongin (2311 BC). On a separate note, however, Il-yeon added that he believed the actual date of foundation was on the year of jeongsa (2284 BC). Alternatively, citing Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian and Yi Sŭnghyu [ko]'s Chewang un'gi, the Tongguk t'onggam argues that the year of Gojoseon's foundation was the year of mujin (2333 BC), only twenty-five years after the rise of Emperor Yao.
On a petition to King Gongmin, Paek Munbo [ko], a civil servant of Goryeo, advised the King to expand the studies of Confucianism further, arguing that, as a heavenly cycle of 3600 years had passed since the founding of Gojoseon, a new anniversary of opportunities would be bestowed upon the kingdom.
The Dangun calendar was later adopted by followers of Daejongism, a new religious movement founded in 1909 that centered on the worship of figures of Korean mythology. It became the official calendar of the Republic of Korea on September 25, 1948, under the Reign-Title Act (연호에 관한 법률). The Gregorian calendar was adopted as the official calendar of South Korea in December 1961, effectively replacing the Dangun calendar from 1962.
# 2009 Falkland Islands general election

The Falkland Islands general election of 2009 was held on Thursday 5 November 2009 to elect members to the Legislative Assembly. It was the first general election in the Falkland Islands since the new constitution came into force on 1 January 2009, which replaced the old Legislative Council with the Legislative Assembly. Chief Executive Tim Thorogood acted as Returning Officer.
Eight MLAs were elected through universal suffrage using block voting, five from the Stanley constituency and three from the Camp constituency. Each elector in Stanley could vote for five candidates, and in Camp each elector could vote for three candidates. In total 4,989 votes were cast in the election, relating to a turnout of 1,232 (77.7% of the electorate). As no political parties are active on the Islands, all the candidates stood as nonpartisans. The election result was said to be an 'upset' as none of the incumbent MLAs kept their seat.

## Results

Candidates in bold were elected. Candidates in italic were incumbents.

### Stanley constituency

Stanley result :
| List | List | Candidates | Votes | Of total (%) | ± from prev. |
| | Nonpartisan | Dick Sawle | 770 | 17.70 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Gavin Short | 590 | 13.56 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Glenn Ross | 491 | 11.28 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Emma Edwards | 474 | 10.89 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Jan Cheek | 452 | 10.39 | +2.37 |
| | Nonpartisan | Mike Summers | 402 | 9.24 | −4.66 |
| | Nonpartisan | Eric Goss | 252 | 5.79 | −2.25 |
| | Nonpartisan | John Birmingham | 250 | 5.75 | −1.24 |
| | Nonpartisan | Norman Clarke | 249 | 5.72 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Jackie Cotter | 187 | 4.30 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Andrea Clausen | 139 | 3.19 | −10.39 |
| | Nonpartisan | Janet Robertson | 95 | 2.18 | −6.53 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,351 | 75.6 | |

### Camp constituency

Camp result :
| List | List | Candidates | Votes | Of total (%) | ± from prev. |
| | Nonpartisan | Roger Edwards | 148 | 23.20 | +8.64 |
| | Nonpartisan | Sharon Halford | 147 | 23.04 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Bill Luxton | 147 | 23.04 | N/A |
| | Nonpartisan | Ian Hansen | 93 | 14.58 | −15.50 |
| | Nonpartisan | Richard Stevens | 57 | 8.93 | −10.43 |
| | Nonpartisan | Clive Wilkinson | 46 | 7.21 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 638 | 89.3 | |
# Purul

Purul is a village in Senapati District, Manipur, India. Whereas Purul is the name given by Government for the purpose of administration, Hiimai Phii is the name given by its own inhabitants. Hiimai Phii is its ancestral name. 'Hiimai' refers to its people and 'Phii' to a place/land, meaning land of Hiimai. All the inhabitants belong to Poumai Naga tribe. The village consists of two contiguous habitations viz Purul Akutpa (Hiimai Khelomai) & Purul Atongba (Hiimai Dunamai). As per the latest census of India in 2011, 99.4% of the people follow Christianity and the rest follow naturism. And literacy rate is 74%. Purul is bordered by Phuba (North), Shirong and Khongdei Khuman (East), Oinam Hill(West) and Koide (South). At the village level, each of Purul Akutpa and Purul Atongba is administered by a selected person known as Village Chairman assisted by Secretary and other persons. These administrators are collectively known as Village Authority, similar to Panchayat/Sarpanch. At Zila level, 27 villages including Purul is administered by a Sub-divisional Officer (SDO)/Teshildar, whose office is located at the village. Among the 27 villages, Purul Akutpa is most populous with 6168 persons. The SDO works under the District Magistrate (DM/DC), Senapati. One elected person represent Purul in the Autonomous District Council (ADC), Senapati. Purul along with Oinam Hill, Phuba, Koide, Karong and other areas are represented at Manipur State level by one Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA). Name of the constituency is 47,Karong Legislative Assembly Constituency. It is the 47th of total 60 legislative constituencies of the Manipur state. Purul is 20 km from the nearest town i.e. Maram, which is located on the highway, NH-2. It is 45 km from District Headquarters, 112 km from the nearest airport (Imphal International Airport), 140 km from the nearest railway station (Dimapur Railway Station). Medical practitioner/physicians and other medical personnels are stationed at the Nearest Primary Health Centre (PHC), Oinam Hill. The PHC is 10 km from Purul. The village has one government higher secondary school, one private secondary school and five government primary schools.
* This article related to a location in Manipur is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# The Calhoun Chronicle and The Grantsville News

The Calhoun Chronicle and The Grantsville News is a weekly newspaper serving the Grantsville, West Virginia community. The older of its predecessors, the Calhoun Chronicle, was founded in 1883. It merged with the Grantsville News (founded 1902) in 1984, continuing the original numbering of the Chronicle.
The newspaper's decision in 1990 to enforce its policy of refusing political advertising within a week of an election led to a 1991 West Virginia Supreme Court ruling in favor of the paper. The supreme court ruled that the government could not compel a private newspaper to print anything without violating constitutional freedom of the press protections.
As of 2016, the newspaper is published each Thursday by Calhoun County Publishing Company and has circulation of 2,921.

## History

In the early 1880s Calhoun County was one of two counties in the state without a local paper. The Chronicle filled that gap with a democratic weekly. By 1898 the Weekly Register counted it as one of the best papers to come to their office.
In 1900, founder S. C. Barr announced that though the paper was Democratic, it would not be endorsing the Democratic nominee for U.S. president, William Jennings Bryan, citing the failure of the disasters Bryan had predicted in 1896 to appear:
   "A rule of law is where a witness is impeached, or is overtaken In false statements; that his evidence Is not entitled to the same degree of credibility as it was before. If the statement of Mr. Bryan that the country was on the verge of ruin if we did not get 16 to 1 was untrue, might not his Imperialistic views also be far-fetched?"
Bryan went on to lose the election, and the paper was sold to S. C. Barr to Sam P. Bell and Robert E. Hays shortly afterwards.
Carl Morris, who won the supreme court case in 1991 guaranteeing private newspapers in West Virginia the autonomy to decide what it will not publish, owned the paper until his death in 2002 at age 83. A similar issue arose in 1998, when Morris refused to run an ad for Clay County Democrat Clay Walker. Morris objected to the content of the ad, which was critical of Walker's opponent; he expressed willingness to publish an ad for the same candidate if it simply focused on his own family and background.
As of 2016, the publisher was Helen Morris and the editor Newton Nichols.
# Shenzhen Evening News

The Shenzhen Evening News is a Chinese newspaper in the standard Chinese language published in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is owned by Shenzhen Press Group.
Having around 490,000 papers in circulation daily, the Shenzhen Evening News is known to report on social and familial issues, as well as the market, personal finance, and politics.The newspaper was referenced by The New York Times and The Washington Post following the 2015 Shenzhen Landslide, where The New York Times found that the Shenzhen Evening News' foresaw the incident and wrote about it earlier in October that year.

## List of journalists associated

* Zhao Qing – board member of Shenzhen Evening News
* Chen Bing – director of mobile journalism at Shenzhen Special Zone Daily
* Deng Huilin – journalist from Shenzhen Press Group
* Cui Xia – A journalist from Shenzhen Press Group
* Liu Xiaoming – A journalist from Shenzhen Press Group
# Okere (Ghana parliament constituency)

Okere is a parliament constituency in the Republic of Ghana. Hon. Daniel Nana Addo-Kenneth is the member of parliament for the constituency. He was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) in 2024 and won with a total number of 9,080 votes representing 68.43% of the vote cast to become the MP. He succeeded Dan Botwe who had represented the constituency in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Republic parliament on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party (NPP). The Okere constituency is one of the 2756constituencies under the 8th Parliament of the Republic of Ghana.
# Křenice (Prague-East District)

Křenice is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name was initially written as Chřenice. The name is derived from the Old Czech word chřen (křen in modern Czech), i.e. 'horseradish'.

## Geography

Křenice is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Prague. It lies in an agricultural landscape in the Prague Plateau. The highest point is at 360 m (1,180 ft) above sea level.

## History

The first written mention of Křenice is from 1331.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 300 | — |
| 1880 | 357 | +19.0% |
| 1890 | 401 | +12.3% |
| 1900 | 418 | +4.2% |
| 1910 | 464 | +11.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 451 | −2.8% |
| 1930 | 382 | −15.3% |
| 1950 | 299 | −21.7% |
| 1961 | 294 | −1.7% |
| 1970 | 299 | +1.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 284 | −5.0% |
| 1991 | 277 | −2.5% |
| 2001 | 246 | −11.2% |
| 2011 | 599 | +143.5% |
| 2021 | 1,087 | +81.5% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The only protected cultural monument in the municipality is a set of a stone belfry and a cast iron cross from the 19th century.
# Mark F. Giuliano

Mark Francis Giuliano (May 28, 1961 – March 2, 2024) was an American law enforcement official. He served as the 16th Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from December 1, 2013, until his retirement from the FBI on February 1, 2016. He earlier oversaw the bureau's Ten Most Wanted programs.

## Early life

Giuliano was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, on May 28, 1961. His father retailed men's shirts for a living; his mother was a housewife. Giuliano was the oldest of nine children and was raised in Middleburg Heights, Ohio. He attended St. Edward High School outside Cleveland, graduating in 1979. He then studied economics at the College of Wooster, where he also played for its football team, and obtained a bachelor's degree in 1983. He subsequently worked at The J.M. Smucker Company for four years, initially as a line supervisor before being promoted to plant manager.

## Career

Giuliano joined the FBI's Washington, D.C. field office as a Special Agent in 1988, where he worked on the Safe Streets and Gang Task Force, and served on SWAT as an Assault Team Leader. While there, he received the Director's Award for Excellence in Investigation. In 1997, he was promoted to Supervisory Special Agent in the Violent Crimes Section at FBI headquarters, where he was responsible for the fugitive and Ten Most Wanted programs.
From 2005 to 2010, Giuliano served in the FBI Atlanta Field Office, Atlanta, Georgia, and during his tenure there, he served in Afghanistan as the FBI Commander on the scene. From 2010 to 2011, he served as the assistant director of the FBI Counterterrorism Division within the National Security Branch. From 2011 to 2012, he served as the executive assistant director of the FBI National Security Branch. From August 2012 to November 2013, he served as the Special Agent in Charge (SAC) of the FBI Atlanta Field Office.
After retiring from the FBI in 2016, Giuliano joined Invesco as the company's chief security officer in Atlanta. He served as chief administrative officer and managing director of the company.
Giuliano was portrayed by Brian d'Arcy James in the 2020 miniseries The Comey Rule, which tells the story of the FBI's investigation into the Hillary Clinton email controversy and subsequent investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.

## Personal life

Giuliano married Judith McDonough in 1988. They met while he was working at Smucker's and remained married until his death. Together, they had three children.
Giuliano died on March 2, 2024, at his home in Decatur, Georgia. He was 62, and had a heart attack prior to his death.
# Ivuhos

Ivuhos (also known as Ibugos, Ibujos, Vuhus and Ibahos Island) is one of the islands of Batanes, the northernmost province of the Philippines. The uninhabited island is located west of Sabtang Island and is separated by a deep channel nearly 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide.
Ivuhos Island is small and rather low, except a hill on the south end. A coral beach before the hill on the eastern side is the only viable landing spot on the island. The shores on both sides of the channel are bordered by reefs. The flood tide sets southward with a velocity from 3 to 4 knots, and the ebb northward.

## People

The island is currently uninhabited, but a survey performed by the US Geodetic Service in the early 1900s found a settlement near the south end of the island.

## Geology

The island of Ivuhos consists entirely of coral limestone rising in steep cliffs to a height of over 60 metres (200 ft). These surround the island, except on the eastern side where the land rises gently from the fringe of sand dunes and small ponds around the shore, in contrast to the 300 metres (980 ft) agglomerate cliffs of the island of Sabtang less than 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) distant. The surface of Ibujos is gently rolling, but without any streams or definite stream valleys. This condition is partly due to the solubility of the rock which allows water to run off in underground channels, but it is also in large part an effect of the recent date of the uplift which formed the island, which has not allowed sufficient time for the streams to form valleys. The soil seems to be volcanic ash rather than limestone.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) classified Ivujos Island (listed as Ibahos Island) as an inactive volcano of the Philippines.
An unnamed submarine volcano is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of Ivujos, which last erupted in 1854. The seamount rises to just 24 metres (79 ft) below the water surface.
# Nicolas Binder

Nicolas Binder (born 13 January 2002) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Austria Klagenfurt.

## Career

Binder is a youth product of Union Mauer, and moved to the academy of Rapid Wien in 2009. On 24 June 2020 he signed a professional contract with Rapid Wien, tying him to the club until 2022. He began his professional career with their reserves in 2019, before debuting for their senior team in a 2–1 Austrian Football Bundesliga win over Wolfsberger AC on 22 August 2022.
On 27 January 2023, Binder signed a contract with Austria Klagenfurt until 30 June 2026.

## Personal life

His father, Michael, was also a professional footballer in Austria.
# Vladimir Benediktov

Vladimir Grigoryevich Benediktov (Russian: Влади́мир Григо́рьевич Бенеди́ктов; (17 November [5 o.s.] 1807, in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – 26 April [14 o.s.] 1873, in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian romantic poet and translator, of Goethe, Schiller, Barbier, Gautier and Mickiewicz, among others.

## Biography

Vladimir Benediktov was born in Saint Petersburg and spent his early years in Petrozavodsk where his father, a minor nobleman and a descendant of an old clergymen's family received a post in a local governor's office. After studying in the Olonets gymnasium, he joined the Second Cadet Corps military school in Saint Petersburg in 1821. After five years of the army service (in the course of which he took part in suppressing the 1830 Polish Uprising) Benediktov retired and in 1832 joined the Ministry of Finance as a clerk, giving his spare time to three hobbies: mathematics, astronomy and writing poetry.
Benediktov's debut poetry collection released in 1835 brought him success and fame; Vasily Zhukovsky referred to it as a masterpiece and Alexander Pushkin was known to have praised it. Yet, Vissarion Belinsky, while crediting the author with being technically impressive, expressed reservations about his peculiar mix of garish Romantic imagery and prosaic details. In 1838 Benediktov's second book became a best-seller, with 3 thousand copies sold, a huge number for the Russian literary market of the time.
In 1860-1870s Benediktov's poetry became less flashy and more introspective, justifying the tag "thinking man's poet", Stepan Shevyryov has once given him. In 1855 Benediktov became a Saint Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences' member. In 1856 The Complete Beneditov in 3 volumes came out, re-issued and expanded a year later and featuring a foreword by editor Yakov Polonsky.
Benediktov is considered one of the most prominent Russian translators of the 19th century (of Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Henri Auguste Barbier, Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier and Adam Mickiewicz, Lord Byron, Shakespeare, among others). His most successful translations were those of Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier and Victor Hugo, two masters he felt close aesthetic affinity to.
# List of amphibians of the Indiana Dunes

Indiana Dunes National Park is a National Park Service unit on the shore of Lake Michigan in Indiana, United States. A BioBlitz took place there on May 15 and 16, 2009. During that time, a list of organisms was compiled which included a preliminary listing of the (freshwater) amphibians of the area.
The park has completed numerous inventories over the years and has identified 18 unique species of amphibians within the park boundaries. The park represents the natural habitats along 25 miles of the Lake Michigan shoreline in Indiana.

## Salamanders (Caudata)

* Ambystoma (mole salamanders)
** Ambystoma jeffersonianum – Jefferson salamander
** Ambystoma laterale – blue-spotted salamander
** Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum – tiger salamander
* Plethodon cinereus – red-backed salamander

## Frogs and toads (Anura)

* Acris crepitans blanchardi – Blanchard's cricket frog
* Anaxyrus fowleri – Fowler's toad
* Bufo americanus, Anaxyrus americanus – American toad
* Hyla versicolor – gray treefrog
* Lithobates clamitans – northern green frog
* Pseudacris crucifer – spring peeper
* Pseudacris triseriata – western chorus frog
* Rana catesbeiana, Lithobates catesbeiana – American bullfrog
* Rana pipiens, Lithobates pipiens – northern leopard frog
* Rana sylvatica, Lithobates sylvaticus – wood frog

## Newts (Pleurodelinae)

* Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis – eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)
# Psilogramma orientalis

Psilogramma orientalis is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea.
# Aurell

Aurell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Martin Aurell (1958–2025), Spanish-French historian and academic
* Tage Aurell (1895–1976), Swedish journalist, novelist and translator