# Christine Choy

Christine Choy (born 1952) is a Chinese-American filmmaker. She is known for co-directing Who Killed Vincent Chin?, a 1988 documentary film based on the murder of Vincent Jen Chin, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award. She co-founded Third World Newsreel, a film company focusing on people of color and social justice issues. As a documentary filmmaker, she has produced and directed more than eighty films. She is a professor at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.

## Early life
### Life in Asia

Choy was born in Shanghai in the People's Republic of China as Chai Ming Huei to a Korean father and a Chinese mother. Shortly after Choy's birth, her father abandoned the family to return to South Korea. As a result, Choy was raised largely by her mother. Growing up, her family struggled greatly financially.
Following the Cultural Revolution, the family fled mainland China via Hong Kong. They moved to South Korea, where Choy was reunited with her father. During this time, Choy developed a strong appreciation for American films released in South Korea. Although she enjoyed the films, Choy became attuned to the prevalence of casual discrimination towards Asian people in American media.

### Arrival in America; Education

Choy moved to New York City at the age of 14. She was a volunteer for WBAI in high school and described "[o]ne of her duties" as covering the Panther Twenty-One trial at the Tombs. During the trial, she earned the trust of the Black Panther Party, and soon afterwards began doing errands for the New York City chapter.
Choy referred to herself as a "Panther Youth", and said she "did the running around for the big shots."
In 1965, Choy was given a scholarship to attend Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart in New York, where she studied architecture. While attending, she made friends with a group of hippies that were a part of Newsreel. At Newsreel, Choy worked as an editor and animation director for some amount of time. Soon thereafter, Choy earned a Directing Certificate at the American Film Institute.

### Filmmaking

Choy has received a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Rockefeller Memorial Fellowship, and an Asian Cultural Council Fellowship. Her documentary film Who Killed Vincent Chin? received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1989. In 2021, the film was registered in the National Film Registry.

## Career

In 1972, Choy co-founded Third World Newsreel together with fellow filmmaker Susan Robeson. During her tenure, Choy directed documentary films on the 1971 Attica prison uprising, the life of women in United States prisons, and the history of social activism in New York City's chinatown, as well as documentaries on the division of the Korean peninsula and Namibia's struggle for independence from South Africa, among others.
In 1974, Choy directed her first feature-length documentary, Teach Our Children. As Choy related to the poverty and the migration issues that people around her faced, she was inspired to make a second documentary, combining the issues she faced in China and South Korea with the struggles she faced in the United States. The finished film, From Spikes to Spindles, was released in 1976, and focused on Chinese migration and Chinese citizens' struggle for equal treatment in America.
Choy was one of the first major female Chinese-American filmmakers. She is frequently painted as a controversial figure. She is considered a political filmmaker and an activist.
One of Choy's most acclaimed films, Who Killed Vincent Chin? (1988), was co-directed with Renee Tajima. The film tells the story of Vincent Jen Chin, a Chinese-American man who was beaten to death with a baseball bat by Ron Ebens and his stepson, Michael Nitz, who held Chin defenseless. They were each sentenced to 3 years probation and a $3,000 fine. Choy struggled in seeking funding for the film due to its high-tension subject matter, shedding light on working-class racism in Detroit at a time when the US auto industry was failing and Japanese cars were gaining popularity. The film was a pioneer in reconfiguring ethnographic filmmaking and won several accolades.
At the 1989 Sundance Film Festival, while there to promote her film Who Killed Vincent Chin?, Choy shared lodging with Steven Soderbergh, who was in Park City premiering Sex, Lies, and Videotape. Also at the '89 Festival, she confronted Robert Redford about Sundance's lack of diversity. Who Killed Vincent Chin? was nominated for the Grand Jury documentary award at the Festival; and went on to win a Peabody Award in 1990.
Sa-I-gu (1993), another film that Choy co-directed, was about the effect of the 1992 Los Angeles riots on the Korean American community there, and directly deals with the racial animosity towards Asians in America, but more specifically Asian women.
After decades of directing in the documentary industry, Choy became a professor at Tisch School of Arts in New York City. She has taught a section of the production course "Sight & Sound Documentary" for several years. She also instructs a course called "Directing the Thesis" to third-year students. Additionally, Choy has teaching experience at Yale, Cornell, Buffalo State University of New York, and City University in Hong Kong.
In her time teaching, she has mentored many filmmakers, with her list of protégés including Todd Phillips, Raoul Peck, and Brett Morgen.
In 2021, Who Killed Vincent Chin? was inducted into the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. It had recently been restored by the Academy Film Archive and The Film Foundation to mark the 40th anniversary of Chin's death. At the time, there had also been a recent surge in hate crimes against Asian Americans in the U.S. amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

## Awards

* 1988, Won: Who Killed Vincent Chin? - Best Documentary, Hawaii International Film Festival
* 1988, Won: Who Killed Vincent Chin? - IDA Award, International Documentary Association
* 1989, Won: Who Killed Vincent Chin? - Asian Media Award
* 1989, Nominated: Who Killed Vincent Chin? - Cinematography Award, Sundance Film Festival
* 1989, Nominated: Who Killed Vincent Chin? - Grand Jury Prize, Documentary Feature, Sundance Film Festival
* 1989, Nominated: Who Killed Vincent Chin? - Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature
* 1997, Won: My America...or Honk If You Love Buddha - Cinematography Award, Sundance Film Festival
* 1998, Won: The Shot Heard 'Round the World, Jury Award, Bangkok Film Festival
* 2008, Won: "Long Story Short" - Audience Award, Documentary Feature, VC FilmFest - Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival
* 2008, Won: "Long Story Short" - Honorable Mention, Documentary Feature, VC FilmFest - Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival
* 2023, Won: Hot Docs' Outstanding Achievement Award

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Director | Producer | Cinematographer | Writer | Notes |
| 1974 | "Teach Our Children" (Short film) | Yes | Yes | Yes | | |
| 1975 | Generation of a Railroad Spiker | Yes | | | | |
| 1975 | Fresh Seeds in a Big Apple | Yes | | | | |
| 1976 | From Spikes to Spindles | Yes | | | | |
| 1977 | History of the Chinese Patriot Movement in the U.S. | Yes | | | | |
| 1977 | North Country Tour | Yes | | | | |
| 1978 | Inside Women Inside | Yes | | | | |
| 1978 | Loose Pages Bound | Yes | | | | |
| 1978 | A Dream Is What You Wake Up From | Yes | | | | |
| 1980 | To Love, Honor, and Obey | Yes | | | | |
| 1981 | White Flower Passing | Yes | | | | |
| 1982 | "Bittersweet Survival" (Short film) | Yes | Yes* | | | *Executive Producer |
| 1982 | Go Between | Yes | | | | |
| 1982-83 | Mississippi Triangle | Yes | | | | |
| 1983 | Fei Teir, Goddess in Flight | Yes | | | | |
| 1984 | Namibia, Independence Now | Yes | | | | |
| 1985 | Monkey King Looks West | Yes | | | | |
| 1986 | "Permanent Wave" (Short film) | Yes | | | | |
| 1988 | Shanhai Lil's | Yes | | | | |
| 1988 | Who Killed Vincent Chin? | Yes | Yes | | | Nominated - Academy Award for Best Documentary, 1989 |
| 1989 | Best Hotel on Skid Row | Yes | | | | |
| 1989 | Fortune Cookie: The Myth of the Model Minority | Yes | | | | |
| 1991 | Homes Apart: Korea | Yes | Yes | Yes | | |
| 1993 | "Sa-I-Gu" (Short film) | Yes | Yes | Yes | | |
| 1995 | A Litany for Survival: The Life and Work of Audre Lorde | | | Yes | | |
| 1997 | My America... or Honk If You Love Buddha | | | Yes | | |
| 1997 | Wrongful Death: Hattori vs. Peairs | Yes | | | | |
| 1997 | The Shot Heard Round The World | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Winner - Best Documentary, Bangkok International Film Festival |
| 1998 | In the Name of the Emperor | Yes | | Yes | | |
| 1998 | "Electric Shadow" (Short film) | Yes | Yes | | | |
| 2001 | Ha Ha Shanghai | Yes | | | | |
| 2003 | Sparrow Village | Yes | | | | |
| 2007 | No Fifth Grade | Yes | | | | |
| 2007 | Miao Village Medicine | Yes | | | | |
| 2008 | "Long Story Short" (Short film) | Yes | Yes | | | |
| 2014 | Ghina | Yes | Yes | | Yes | |
| 2016 | "Rodney King: Koreatown Reacts" (Short film) | Yes | Yes | | | |
| 2016 | "ReOrienting Africa" (Short film) | Yes | Yes | | | |
| 2016 | "Legal Smuggling with Christine Choy" (Short film) | | | | Yes | |
| 2019 | "The Architects of Camellia" (Short film) | Yes | | | | |

### Acting performances and documentary appearances

| Year | Title | Role / Self | Notes |
| 1993 | Sa-I-Gu (Short film) | Self | |
| 1994- | Asian America | Self | TV series |
| 2005 | Marc Forster: Von Davos nach Hollywood | Self | TV movie |
| 2010 | Cellar | Haeri | also Executive Producer |
| 2013 | "Ego Death" (Short film) | Teacher | |
| 2016 | "Legal Smuggling with Christine Choy" (Short film) | Self (Voiceover) | Directed by Noah & Lewie Kloster; animated film |
| 2017 | "Human Resources" (Short film) | Eileen | |
| 2017 | Scars of Nanking | Self | TV movie |
| 2022 | The Exiles | Self | Directed by Violet Columbus & Ben Klein (former students at NYU); Winner - Grand Jury Prize, U.S. Documentary competition, 2022 Sundance Film Festival |
| 2022 | "Who Killed Vincent Chin? Revisited" (Short film) | Self | |