# American Birkebeiner

The American Birkebeiner, or Birkie, is the largest cross-country skiing race in North America. It debuted in 1973 and is a founding member of the Worldloppet federation of cross-country ski marathons. The Birkie's two premier events are the 50 km (31 mi) skate and the 55 km (34 mi) classic races between the towns of Cable and Hayward in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Each year more than 10,000 skiers participate in the Birkie, including the full-distances races, a 29 km (18 mi) Kortelopet race, and a 15 km (9.3 mi) Prince Haakon race.

## History

The American Birkebeiner, known colloquially as the Birkie, is held annually in February. The event was founded in 1973 by Tony Wise. Wise, who started the Telemark Ski Area in Cable, Wisconsin, in 1947, helped to popularize modern-day cross-country skiing when he built trails at Telemark in 1972. In February 1973, Wise drew on his Norwegian heritage in starting a race named after a famous event in Norway.
The Birkie was named after the Birkebeinerrennet race in Norway, which commemorates an important historical event. In 1206 a group of Birkebeiner party soldiers, who fought for Sverre Sigurdsson and his descendants in the Norwegian civil war, smuggled the illegitimate son of Norway's King Håkon Sverresson from Lillehammer to safety in Trondheim. In the Norwegian Birkie, classic ski participants still carry 3.5-kilogram (7.7 lb) packs symbolizing the weight of the young child-prince, Haakon.

## Race description

Skiers from around the world come to Wisconsin for the race. The Birkie has a reputation for attracting skiers of varying ability levels. Olympians, national team members, and foreign professionals have competed in the event, and the Birkie also draws recreational skiers from Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and countries such as neighboring Canada as well as Norway, Sweden, and other European nations. Typically almost every U.S. state is represented at the Birkie. The race weekend also includes the shorter 29 km (18 mi) Kortelopet "Korte" and Prince Haakon 15 km (9.3 mi) events. The American Birkiebeiner Ski Foundation In 2013, registration was capped at 10,000 skiers, with an additional 20,000 spectators on the sidelines cheering on the competitors.
The Birkie course is quite hilly and is recognized as one of the more difficult cross country ski marathon courses in the world, despite the fact that there are several WorldLoppet events in Europe that are much longer. The current north–south alignment (used since 1992) has skiers traversing a 2 km (1.2 mi) flat section before turning onto the "Powerline Hills", a series of climbs to the 4.5 km (2.8 mi) mark. The trail then rolls until 12 km (7.5 mi), when Firetower Hill takes competitors to 1,730 ft (530 m), the high point of the race and a climb of nearly 400 ft (120 m) from the race start. In the early years of the race, the Birkie began with a climb up the alpine slopes of Mount Telemark, mainly as a publicity stunt, but larger field sizes made this impractical. Beyond High Point is a series of downhills, including "Bobblehead Hill" or "Sledder Hill", which has a rather tricky downhill, left turn near a snowmobile trail — allowing dozens of snowmobilers to watch and "score" skiers' falls. The trail rises steeply to the crossing of County Road OO (Referred to as "Double-Oh") which, at 22.8 km (14.2 mi), is the unofficial halfway point of the race. Until 2001, the 23 km (14 mi) Kortelopet race ended here but was rerouted back to Telemark after splitting off from the main course at 9 km (5.6 mi). Since 2017, the Kortelopet is 29 km (18 mi) and begins at OO and finishes on Main Street the day before the 50 km race.
Beyond OO the course is less hilly, but by no means flat. After 40 km (25 mi) is the aptly named "Bitch Hill" where spectators cheer skiers up the steepest climb of the race. Several kilometers later (just south of Highway 77) the last lengthy ascents of the race---Sunset Hill & Duffy Hill---challenge tired skiers. From the top, Hayward's water tower is a most welcome sight. There are several road crossings and open fields before the skiers cross frozen Lake Hayward. The 4 km (2.5 mi) crossing of the lake is flat, but unprotected from wind. Once off the lake, the trail twists through the outskirts of Hayward on snow trucked in for the event. Over the course of hours, thousands of tired and proud skiers make their way past three blocks of cheering spectators lining Hayward's Main Street. Warm conditions have occasionally required the finish line to be moved to a flat field just east of the lake.
The race begins with several waves in order to thin skiers out along the course. Alternating skate and classical waves depart every five minutes. New skiers must ski in the last wave unless they use another ski marathon time to qualify for a higher wave. One man—Ernie St. Germaine, a former employee of the Telemark Resort, where the Birkebeiner starts every year—completed every Birkie since the first one in 1973.
The 2021 Birkie was a shortened 43-kilometer race that took place over the course of February 24–28, 2021. The course was modified as well with skiers starting and finishing at the starting line in Cable, WI. The Birkie reverted to its normal Cable to Hayward format for 2022 with the new addition of an "open track" event where participants could ski the race in a more relaxed manner on the Wednesday before the main race with fewer crowds and more open trail.
Despite low snow in 2024, the American Birkiebeiner Ski Foundation created a 10 km (6.2 mi) lapped course. Several races were shortened: The American Birkebeiner was shortened from 50 km (31 mi) to 30 km (18.6 mi), the Kortelopet from 29 km (18 mi) to 20 km (12.4 mi), the Prince Haakon from 15 km (9.3 mi) to 10 km (6.2 mi). The American Birkebeiner Men’s and Women’s Elite Skate race remained a 50K event.

## List of winners

Results are from the American Birkebeiner Ski Foundation.

### 1973–2007

| Year | Men | Women |
| 1973 | Eric Ersson, Sweden | Jacque Lindskoog, USA |
| 1974 | Dave Quinn, USA | Jacque Lindskoog (2), USA |
| 1975 | Chris Haines, USA | Vigdis Snekkevi, USA |
| 1976 | Audun Kolstad, Norway | Jana Hlavaty, USA |
| 1977 | Audun Kolstad (2), Norway | Berit Lammedal, Norway |
| 1978 | Alfred Kaelin, Switzerland | Valborg Ostberg, Norway |
| 1979 | Arnt Haarstad, Norway | Judy Rabinowitz, USA |
| 1980 | Per Notten, Norway | Gry Oftedal, Norway |
| 1981 | Jean-Paul Pierrat, France | Marianne Hadler, USA |
| 1982 | Ola Hassis, Sweden | Gry Oftedal (2), Norway |
| 1983 | Rudi Kapeller, Austria | Jennifer Caldwell, USA |
| 1984 | Bengt Hassis, Sweden | Vigdis Rønning, Norway |
| 1985 | Oddvar Brå, Norway | Muffy Ritz, USA |
| 1986 | Anders Blomquist, Sweden | Muffy Ritz (2), USA |
| 1987 | Konrad Hallenbarter, Switzerland | E.J. Holcomb, USA |
| 1988 | Örjan Blomquist, Sweden | Kelly Kimball, USA |
| 1989 | Örjan Blomquist (2), Sweden | Betsy Youngman, USA |
| 1990 | Manfred Nagl, Austria | Lynne Cecil, USA |
| 1991 | Manfred Nagl (2), Austria | Ingrid Butts, USA |
| 1992 | Todd Boonstra, USA | Nina Skeime, Norway |
| 1993 | Manfred Nagl (3), Austria | Suzanne King, USA |
| 1994 | Tomas Caslavsky, Czech Republic | Heike Wezel, Germany |
| 1995 | Andre Jungen, Switzerland | Maria Theurl, Austria |
| 1996 | Silvano Barco, Italy | Gudrun Pflueger, Austria |
| 1997 | Mikhail Botwinov, Austria | Gudrun Pflueger (2), Austria |
| 1998 | Carl Swenson, USA | Jennifer Douglas, USA |
| 1999 | Johann Mühlegg, Germany | Laura McCabe, USA |
| 2000 | Race cancelled due to weather conditions | Race cancelled due to weather conditions |
| 2001 | Gianantonio Zanetel, Italy | Nadezhda Slessareva, Russian Federation |
| 2002 | Maurizio Pozzi, Italy | Jeannie Wall, USA |
| 2003 | Gianantonio Zanetel (2), Italy | Lara Peyrot, Italy |
| 2004 | Gianantonio Zanetel (3), Italy | Lara Peyrot (2), Italy |
| 2005 | Marco Cattaneo, Italy | Lara Peyrot (3), Italy |
| 2006 | Marco Cattaneo (2), Italy | Anna Santer, Italy |
| 2007 | Zack Simons, USA | Kate Whitcomb, USA |

### 2008–present

| Year | Men skate | Men classic | Women skate | Women classic |
| 2008 | Ivan Babikov, Canada | Yuri Kozlov, Russian Federation | Evelyn Dong, USA | Kelly Skillicorn, USA |
| 2009 | Matthew Liebsch, USA | Gus Kaeding, USA | Rebecca Dussault, USA | Martina Stursova, Czech Republic |
| 2010 | Fabio Santus, Italy | Juergen Uhl, USA | Rebecca Dussault (2), USA | Audrey Weber, USA |
| 2011 | Tore Gunderson, Norway | Juergen Uhl (2), USA | Caitlin Compton, USA | Jennie Bender, USA |
| 2012 | Tad Elliot, USA | David Chamberlain, USA | Holly Brooks, USA | Carolyn Ocariz, USA |
| 2013 | Sergio Bonaldi, Italy | Doug Debold, USA | Caitlin Gregg (2), USA | Ingrid Saupstad, Norway |
| 2014 | Tom Reichelt, Germany | Santiago Ocariz, USA | Caitlin Gregg (3), USA | Natalja Naryshkina, Russian Federation |
| 2015 | Sergio Bonaldi (2), Italy | Ole Christian Mork, Norway | Holly Brooks (2), USA | Natalja Naryshkina (2), Russian Federation |
| 2016 | David Norris, USA | Welly Ramsey, USA | Caitlin Gregg (4), USA | Deedra Irwin, USA |
| 2017 | Race cancelled due to weather conditions | Race cancelled due to weather conditions | Race cancelled due to weather conditions | Race cancelled due to weather conditions |
| 2018 | Anders Gløersen, Norway | Ben Saxton, USA | Caitlin Gregg (5), USA | Felicia Gesior, USA |
| 2019 | Akeo Maifeld-Carucci, USA | Peter Holmes, USA | Alayna Sonnesyn, USA | Cate Brams, USA |
| 2020 | Niklas Dyrhaug, Norway | Peter Holmes (2), USA | Jessica Yeaton, Australia | Nichole Bathe, Great Britain |
| 2021 | Johnny Hagenbush, USA | Ian Torchia, USA | Alayna Sonnesyn (2), USA | Rosie Frankowski, USA |
| 2022 | Gerard Agnellet, France | Leo Hipp, USA | Alayna Sonnesyn (3), USA | Delaney FitzPatrick, USA |
| 2023 | David Norris, USA | Scott Hill, Canada | Alayna Sonnesyn (4), USA | Julie Ensrud, NOR |
| 2024 | Gus Schumacher, USA | Reid Goble, USA | Jessie Diggins, USA | Hannah Rudd, USA |
| 2025 | Gerard Agnellet, France | Fabian Stocek, Czech Republic | Sydney Palmer-Leger, USA | Lily Hubanks, USA |