OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Stratford (publisher)

James Stratford (fl. 1780s – 1810s) was a British printer, bookseller, and publisher in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries who specialised in producing part-works which were sold in instalments for later binding. He originally worked with William Stratford but later traded on his own. He was made bankrupt in 1813 and kept in Fleet Prison.

## Business

Stratford traded as a printer, bookseller, and publisher from 112 Holborn Hill from 1789. At the start he was in partnership with William Stratford and around 1790 they produced the first edition of The Housekeeper's Instructor; or, Universal Family Cook by William Augustus Henderson which was stated to have been "Printed and Sold by W. & J. Stratford". They produced the first 16 editions up to 1810, the later ones being produced by James Stratford solely. W. Stratford was still alive in 1810 when he printed an edition of The World by Cavendish Pelham for James Stratford.
In early 1813, Stratford was declared bankrupt and in November 1816 was still held as a debtor in Fleet Prison.

## Part-works

Stratford is known for the part-works he published which enabled large and expensive books to be purchased in instalments and bound later. Among these was the first edition of David Hughson's description of London (1805–1809) in 149 parts for binding into six volumes, Cavendish Pelham's The World: or, The Present State of the Universe (1806–1808), and George Perry's Arcana (1811).
These works often included high quality copper-plate engravings from original works by notable artists, the presence of which was part of the appeal and originality of the book but which were expensive to produce. Complete bound copies of some of the part-works are rare, particularly so if they include all the illustrations, which were often later removed to be framed. In the case of Perry's Arcana, for instance, Richard Petit identified only 13 surviving complete copies with all 84 plates during the research for his facsimile edition of 2010.
# IHI Corporation F7

The IHI Corporation F7 is a small turbofan engine developed specifically for the Kawasaki P-1 maritime patrol aircraft by IHI Corporation.

## Development

IHI started development work on the high bypass ratio turbofan engine in 1998, based on the low bypass ratio engine XF5-1. and the first prototype XF7-1 was tested from 2000 to 2002. The flight test XF7-10's testing started in 2002.
XF7-10's PFRT (Preliminary Flight Rating Test) started in second quarter 2002, and was completed August 2007 before the XP-1 first flight. PFRT was based on the Military Specification MIL-E-5007D and the original standard about the FADEC system.
Take off thrust is 60 kN (13,000 lb$_f$), bypass ratio is 8.2, and SFC is 0.34 kg/h/daN. Exhaust emission is under the ICAO's standard, NOx is 54%, CO is 33%, UHC is 0.5%, smoke is 74% when standard is 100%.
Strong alloy materials were selected for high corrosion resistance in salt environments, and a sound absorbing panel is mounted. Noise level is 5~10dB lower than P-3's T56, measurements is 76 dB when idling, 70.6 dB at take off.
P-1's F7-10 is installed thrust reversal with GE's cowl opening systems.

## Applications

* Kawasaki P-1

## Specifications (F7-10)
#### General characteristics

* Type: Turbofan
* Length: 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
* Diameter: 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) (Fan)
* Dry weight: 1,240 kg (2,730 lb)

#### Components

* Compressor: 1-stage fan, 2-stage low pressure compressor, 8-stage high pressure compressor axial
* Combustors: annular
* Turbine: 2-stage high pressure turbine, 4-stage low pressure turbine

#### Performance

* Maximum thrust: 60 kN (13,000 lbf)
* Overall pressure ratio: Fan Pressure Ratio=1.6:1;Overall Pressure Ratio=27:1
* Bypass ratio: 8.2:1
* Turbine inlet temperature: 1,500 deg C rated
# Joseph A. Glowin

Joseph Anthony Glowin (March 14, 1892 – August 22, 1952) was a United States Marine who received the Medal of Honor for heroism in combat in the Dominican Republic in 1916.

## Biography

Glowin was born in Detroit, Michigan, on March 14, 1892. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in Lansing, Michigan, during December 1913 and took part in the expedition to Vera Cruz, Mexico, from April to November 1914.
During the following year, he participated in engagements in the Republic of Haiti during September and November 1915. In 1916, Cpl Glowin deployed to the Dominican Republic with the 13th Company, Artillery Battalion, 1st Brigade.
Corporal Glowin, a machine gunner, was deep into the jungle of Santo Domingo, near Guayacanas, on July 3, 1916, with a small detachment of Marines. Cpl Glowin and his fellow Marines encountered a strong row of bandit trenches manned by a superior force. The Marines were in the open, their only course lay in a direct frontal attack. Cpl Glowin, although hit by enemy fire, remained at his post, fighting off the enemy until wounded again and forced by his comrades to get medical aid. He was awarded the Nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his heroism at Guayacanas.
Glowin remained in the Dominican Republic until June 1917 where he was promoted to the rank of gunnery sergeant (temporary). He was honorably discharged on December 8, 1917. He reenlisted ten days later for the duration of World War I, but because his previous ranks had all been temporary warrants, he was later honorably discharged a second time at his permanent rank of private on September 6, 1919. He later served with the Detroit Police Department from 1923 until 1941.
Joseph Glowin died on August 22, 1952, aged 60, and was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Detroit.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Corporal, U .S. Marine Corps. Born: March 14, 1892, Detroit, Mich. Accredited to: Michigan. G.O. NO.: 244, October 30, 1916.
Citation:
   During an engagement at Guayacanas on 3 July 1916, Cpl. Glowin participated in action against a considerable force of rebels on the line of march.
# Emita Arosemena

Emita Arosemena Zubieta (born c. 1931) was a Panamanian model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the Miss Panamá 1953 title. She also represented Panama in Miss Universe 1953, the 2nd Miss Universe was held on July 17, 1953 at Long Beach Municipal Auditorium, Long Beach, California, United States. She placed in the top 16 (12) semifinalist.
Arosemena, who was 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) tall, was designated in the national beauty pageant Miss Panamá 1953 with the title of Miss Panamá Universo. She represented Los Santos state.
Arosemena died in Uruguay where she resided.
# Nematalosa nasus

The Bloch's gizzard shad (Nematalosa nasus), also known as gizzard shad, hairback, long-finned gizzard shad, long-ray bony bream and thread-finned gizzard shad, is a widespread and common, small to medium-sized anadromous fish found in all marine, freshwater and brackish waters throughout the Indo-West Pacific, from the Andaman Sea, South China Sea and the Philippines to the Korean peninsula. A single specimen was recorded from waters of South Africa. It was described by Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1795.
The sardines are known to swim at a maximum depth of 30 metres. The largest known standard length for the species is 22 cm. The fish can be distinguished from its sister species by the presence of a dark spot behind gill opening. Belly consists with 17 to 20and 9 to 13 scutes. It has 15 to 19 dorsal soft rays and 17 to 26 anal dorsal soft rays. It is a filter feeder and feeds on planktons. Widely used as a food fish, it can be made into fish balls and can be eaten both in fresh and dried forms.
# Brett Nicholas

Brett James Nicholas (born July 18, 1988) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers.

## Career

Nicholas was born in Phoenix, Arizona and attended Pinnacle High School in Phoenix. In 2008, he attended Gonzaga University, in 2009 he went to Scottsdale Community College and in 2010, he attended University of Missouri. He slashed .378/.483/.617 with nine home runs and 49 RBI for Scottsdale Community College in 2009 and in 2010, he hit .351/.434/.592 with 12 home runs and 64 RBI. He was drafted in the sixth round of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft, one pick after pitcher Logan Darnell, and began his professional career that year.

### Texas Rangers

He played for the Arizona League Rangers and Spokane Indians in 2010 and Spokane and the Myrtle Beach Pelicans in 2012. In 2013, he batted .285/.351/.413 with eight home runs, 63 RBI and 33 doubles in 122 games for Myrtle Beach, earning a selection to play in the Arizona Fall League. In 2013, he was a Texas League Mid- and Post-Season All-Star, a MiLB.com Organization All-Star, an AFL Rising Star, and the Rising Stars MVP after hitting .289/.357/.474 with 21 home runs and 91 RBI for the Frisco RoughRiders during the regular season and .230/.266/.393 in 17 games for the Surprise Saguaros during the AFL campaign. He hit two home runs during the Fall Stars Game.
He reached Triple-A for the first time in 2014, hitting .274/.322/.389 with 10 home runs and 58 RBI in 127 games for the Express. Back with Round Rock in 2015, Nicholas batted .268/.314/.412 with 12 home runs and 63 RBI.
He has earned stints in major league spring training each year since 2012.
He was promoted to the major leagues for the first time on April 10, 2016, after catcher Robinson Chirinos was placed on the disabled list. He started his first career game a day later against Seattle. He picked up his first two career hits in four at bats and also threw out Nori Aoki at second base in the first inning in a 7-3 win.
On July 26, 2017, Nicholas pitched for the Texas Rangers in the ninth inning of a game against the Miami Marlins. He allowed four earned runs, giving him an ERA of 36.00. The Rangers designated him for assignment on March 7, 2018.

### San Diego Padres

On April 6, 2018, Nicholas was traded to the San Diego Padres for a PTBNL; who would become Emmanuel Clase. He played in 117 games for the Triple–A El Paso Chihuahuas, hitting .291/.353/.485 with 16 home runs and 83 RBI. Nicholas elected free agency following the season on November 2.

### Colorado Rockies

On November 9, 2018, Nicholas signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies. On March 23, 2019, he requested and received his release from the Rockies.

### Chicago White Sox

On April 4, 2019, Nicholas signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox.

## Post-playing career

On May 5, 2019, Nicholas announced his retirement from baseball.
# Chaga languages

Chaga, also Kichaga or Kichagga, is a Bantu dialect continuum spoken by the Chaga people of northern Tanzania, south of Mount Kilimanjaro. They also speak 9 dialects: Kivunjo, Kimarangu, Kirombo, Kimachame, Kisiha, Kikibosho, Kiuru, Kioldimoshi and Kingassa.
The Chaga languages are:
* West Kilimanjaro (West Chaga), including Meru and Machame
* Central Kilimanjaro (Central Chaga), including Mochi (Old Moshi) and Wunjo
* Rombo
* Rusha (Arusha-Chini)
* Kahe
* Gweno
# Makhdoom Bilawal

Makhdoom Bilawal Bin Jam Hassan Samo (Sindhi: مخدوم بلاول بن جام حسن سمو), (Born 1451 AD/ 856 AH Sindh) was a Islamic jurisconsult, theologian, Sufi, and poet from Sindh, Pakistan. He is also referred as Makhdum Bilal or Bilali Makhdum. He was disciple of the Shaykh Dost Ali Sistani. Dost Ali was direct disciple of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani.

## Life

Makhdoom Bilawal was ordered to be crushed alive in a seed grinder after the Battle of Talti for opposing the conquest of Sindh by Arguns on 30 Safar 929AH/1522 AD.

## Poetry

He said poems in Persian and Sindhi languages. One of his Persian Quatrain reads as follows:
   Surrender yourself to God Lose your will into His Self-assertion is blasphemy Shun the Self and merge into Him

## Shrine of Makhdum Bilawal

His shrine is at 'Baghban' near the town of Dadu, Sindh, Pakistan. According to the article of Aamir Sindhi Ali Wagan, the mosque at his tomb was constructed by one of his devotees Sardar Sakhi Mahboob Khan Wagan (Chief Sardar of Wagan Tribe).
# Acton Bjørn

Acton Bjørn (23 September 1910 – 20 June 1992) was a Danish architect and designer.

## Biography

Bjørn was born on 23 September 1910 in Copenhagen, the son of building painter Ove B. (1880–1959) and Ellen Marie Kjær (1880–1957). He studied at the Technical Society's School and attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1931 to 1933.
From 1933 until 1934 he worked on Blidah, a housing development in Hellerup, in collaboration with Ivar Bentsen and Jørgen Berg. In 1949, together with Sigvard Bernadotte, he established Scandinavia's first industrial design practice. Employees included Jacob Jensen and Jan Trägårdh.
Their designs included the Margrethe Bowl for Rosti A/S (1955). Bjørn headed the design firm alone from 1966 until 1990.

## Gallery

* Beolit 500, transistor radio for Bang & Olufsen 1965
* Water kettle for Modernum
* Typewriter for FACIT 1958
* Cooking bowl Margrethe for Rosti 1950
# Ist das alles?

"Ist das alles?" [Is that all?] is a punk song by the band Die Ärzte. It was the fourth track and the second single from their 1986 album Die Ärzte. The song follows the woes of a young man suffering the hardships inflicted upon him by his environment, making him tired of life and prompting him to repeatedly ask his tormentors, "Is that all?"
An early unreleased version of the song, written in 1983, was titled "Omakiller" (Grandma killer).

## Personnel

* Bela B. - vocals, drums
* Farin Urlaub - guitar
* Manfred Praker - bass

## Track listing

* "Ist das alles?" (Felsenheimer) - 3:37
* "Sweet Sweet Gwendoline" (Urlaub) - 2:48

## B-sides

"Sweet Sweet Gwendoline" is also from "Die Ärzte".
# Lucena (crater)

Lucena is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on February 7, 2025. The crater is named for Colombian painter Clemencia Lucena.
Lucena is to the south of the crater Eitoku.
# Benjamin Bickley Rogers

Benjamin Bickley Rogers (11 December 1828 – 22 September 1919) was an English classical scholar.
Rogers was born in Shepton Montague, Somerset in 1828.
He was educated at Highgate School and Wadham College, Oxford, where he became President of the Oxford Union in 1853. He was elected a Fellow of the college in 1852 and was called to the bar in 1856. He gave up a successful legal practice when increasing deafness obliged him to retire.
He then devoted himself exclusively to literature. He translated all the plays of Aristophanes, reproducing the Greek metres in the English version. Some of the comic verses use the metre of the Major-General's song in Gilbert and Sullivan's Pirates of Penzance.
In March 1902 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of Wadham College.
Rogers died in Twickenham on 22 September 1919.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Rogers, Benjamin Bickley" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 289.
* ↑ "University intelligence". The Times. No. 36712. London. 11 March 1902. p. 5.
# Liu Wei (table tennis)

Liu Wei (Chinese: 刘伟; born October 27, 1969) is a former female table tennis player from China. From 1989 to 1996 she won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the Asian Table Tennis Championships, in the Table Tennis World Cup, and in the World Table Tennis Championships. She also achieved a silver Olympic medal in the double event at Atlanta 1996.

## Hall of Fame

She is inducted in the ITTF hall of fame.
# Dominica at the 2020 Summer Olympics

Dominica competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games have been postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's seventh appearance at the Summer Olympics.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 1 | 1 | 2 |

## Athletics

Dominican athletes further achieved the entry standards, either by qualifying time or by world ranking, in the following track and field events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event):

### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

### Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Dennick Luke | Men's 800 m | 1:54.30 | 8 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Thea LaFond | Women's triple jump | 14.60 NR | 3 Q | 12.57 | 12 |
# George Leland Dyer

George Leland Dyer (August 26, 1849 in Calais, Maine – April 2, 1914 in Winter Park, Florida) was an American naval commander and the Governor of U.S. territory of Guam. In 1870, he graduated from the United States Naval Academy with honors and began his career in the United States Navy. During his career, he commanded the Stranger (1898), the Yankton (1898–1901), the Rainbow (1902–1903), and the Albany (1903–1904).
From 1904–1905, he served as Governor of Guam.
In 1908, he was promoted to Commodore and retired that year.
Dyer was the brother of inventor Leonard Dyer and father of composer Susan Hart Dyer.

## Authorship

* Translated Practical Hints in Regard to West Indian Hurricanes from Spanish in 1885
* Wrote The Use of Oil to Lessen the Dangerous Effect of Heavy Seas in 1886
* Published an article in National Geographic magazine entitled Geography of the Sea in 1889.

## Personal life

In 1875 Dyer married Susan Hart Palmer. They had three children, George, Susan (Daisy), and Dorothy. Dyer and his family lived in places including Guam and Winter Park, Florida.
On April 2, 1914, Dyer died in Winter Park, Florida.
# Manucharyan

Manucharyan (Armenian: Մանուչարյան) is an Armenian patronymic surname made up of Manuchar and the Armenian -yan or -ian.
It may refer to:
* Armen Manucharyan (born 1995), Armenian footballer
* Ashot Manucharyan (born 1954), Armenian teacher
* Edgar Manucharyan (born 1987), Armenian footballer
* Nune Manucharyan (born 1962), Armenian singer-songwriter, pianist
* Nina Manucharyan (1885-1972), Armenian film actress
# Xiaomi Mi 4i

The Xiaomi Mi4i (Chinese: 小米手机4i) is a smartphone developed by Xiaomi Inc. It is part of Xiaomi's mid-range smartphone line, and was released in April 2015. Xiaomi held a media event in Siri Fort Auditorium, Delhi to formally introduce the mid-range phone, and also supplied its fans with their complementary smart-accessory, the Xiaomi MiBand, during the Xiaomi New Product Launch Event 2015 on April 23, 2015.
The Mi4i is a slightly bumped down version of its predecessor, the Xiaomi Mi4. The phone has a different design than its predecessor and has a polycarbonate body. It was also released with the new MIUI 6 (introduced in August 2014) based on Android Lollipop.
Reception towards the device was generally positive, though there were still a high amount of negative feedback from users of Apple's iPhone 5C due to its similar design and quality. Some media companies hailed it to be one of the best smartphones available in the market due to its high-end hardware which is sold for comparably lower price than its competitors.

## History

Before its official unveiling, media speculation primarily focused on leaks; including photos that announced the Mi4i. While the device was announced on April 23, it didn't become available until April 30, running MIUI 6 (Android Lollipop).
Xiaomi launched the Mi4i specifically in India first and plans to expand sales throughout Asia.

## Features
### Operating system and software

The Xiaomi Mi 4i ships with MIUI V7 and can be upgraded to MIUI V8, Xiaomi's variant of the Android operating system. The user interface of MIUI is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures. Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the Android operating system and its multi-touch interface. Internal accelerometers are used by some applications to respond to the movement of the device such as rotating it vertically (one common result is switching from portrait to landscape mode). The device includes an updater application which allows it to update its OS to the latest version of MIUI available for it.

### Design

The device has a 5 in (12.7 cm) Sharp/JDI Corning OGS fully laminated touchscreen, with a screen resolution of 1080x1920 at a pixel density of 441 ppi. Home button of the smartphone is similar to its predecessor and is mainly touch-based with adjustable haptic feedback. It is available in different colors including Dark Gray, Yellow, Black, White, Blue and Pink.

### Hardware

The Xiaomi Mi 4i is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 615 (MSM8939) chipset which makes it a fast enough Android smartphone according to the AnTuTu benchmark application. Its processor is an Octa-core 1.7 GHz and 1.1 GHz and its graphics card is an Adreno 405. The phone includes a 3120 mAh battery which is rated to provide 300 hours of standby time. It comes with a 13 megapixel primary camera and a 5 megapixel secondary camera.
# Asno law

In historical linguistics, the asno law is a sound law in Proto-Indo-European where word-medial consonant clusters containing underlying *-Cmn- tend to lose one of the nasal consonants *m or *n. This sound change was first documented by Johannes Schmidt in 1895 and is named for the Avestan reflex 𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬋 asnō. The asno law, along with Stang's law, is one of Proto-Indo-European's manifestations of a phonotactic restriction against multiple adjacent sonorants in the coda of a syllable.

## Affected affixes

The asno law is usually invoked to explain the disappearance of *-m- in the oblique case forms or thematic derivatives of animate-gender *-men- and *-mon- nouns, which have cases where a sequence *-mn- should appear. Thematic derivatives of neuter *-mn̥ nouns were also affected.

## Phonological conditioning

The conditions under which the asno law is triggered remain controversial and unsettled. It is usually supposed to be triggered when the *-mn- sequence follows a consonant; if the *-mn- is preceded by a short vowel, the asno rule does not apply.
Byrd has *-Cmn- losing the *m if the preceding syllable was accented and the *n if the following syllable has the accent. This account is rejected by Tijmen Pronk. Alexander Nikolaev also rejects the post-tonic *n-loss part of this account but instead posits that asno rule applied to delete either one of *m or *n (more often *n) when the next syllable is accented. The asno law would also be generalized to thematized derivatives of any nasal-stem noun, including *r/n-heteroclitic nouns, where the base noun would lose the stem-final nasal in composition.
Dissimilatory loss of *-m- in *-mn- when the root contained a labial consonant has been used to explain many cases of the asno rule. Pronk posits this dissimilation as the sole mechanism of the asno rule.
Adiego alternatively proposes that the asno rule was conditioned not by the accent, as Byrd believes, but instead by the ablaut grade of the root; the zero grade would cause the deletion of *-m- but with other grades, the *-n- would be lost instead.
# The Perils of Pauline

The Perils of Pauline may refer to:
* The Perils of Pauline (1914 serial), a silent film serial
* The Perils of Pauline (1933 serial), a film serial from Universal Studios
* The Perils of Pauline (1947 film), from Paramount Pictures
* The Perils of Pauline (1967 film), from Universal Pictures
* "The Perils of Pauline", a famous and controversial essay by author Renata Adler about film critic Pauline Kael