# Melanopsis

Melanopsis is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Melanopsidae.
The genus first appeared in the Cretaceous.
Melanopsis is the type genus of the family Melanopsidae.

## Distribution

These snails are found in southern Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, New Caledonia and New Zealand.

## Description

Their shells are ovate, with a short spire, and a large elongated body whorl. The outer lip of the aperture is thin, but the inner lip has a smooth parietal callus, thickened into a pad over the parietal wall.

## Species

Species within the genus Melanopsis include:
* † Melanopsis aaronsohni Blanckenhorn in Blanckenhorn & Oppenheim, 1927 †
* † Melanopsis abbreviata Brusina, 1874
* Melanopsis abichi Calvert & Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis acanthica Neumayr, 1869
* † Melanopsis acanthicoides Hoernes, 1877
* † Melanopsis acuta Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis aetolica Neumayr, 1876
* † Melanopsis affinis Férussac, 1819
* Melanopsis ahuiri Ahuir, 2014
* † Melanopsis ajkaensis Tausch, 1886
* † Melanopsis alutensis Stefanescu, 1896
* Melanopsis ammonis Tristram, 1865
* † Melanopsis anceps Gaudry & Fischer in Gaudry, 1867
* † Melanopsis ancillaroidesDeshayes, 1825
* Melanopsis andrussowi Brusina, 1885
* † Melanopsis angulata Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis anili Taner, 1997
* † Melanopsis anistratenkoi Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
* † Melanopsis antediluviana(Poiret, 1801)
* Melanopsis arbalensis Pérès, 1939
* † Melanopsis arsinovi Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis astathmeta Brusina, 1897
* † Melanopsis astrapaea Brusina, 1876
* † Melanopsis atanasiui Schoverth, 1953
* † Melanopsis austriaca Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis avellana F. Sandberger, 1870
* † Melanopsis balatonensis (Cossmann, 1909)
* † Melanopsis banatica Jekelius, 1944
* † Melanopsis bandeli Schütt, 1988
* † Melanopsis barthai Bandel, 2000
* † Melanopsis bartolinii Capellini, 1873
* † Melanopsis bergeroni Stefanescu, 1896
* † Melanopsis bicoronata Brusina, 1884
* † Melanopsis bleunardi Porumbaru, 1881
* † Melanopsis bonelli Manzoni, 1870
* † Melanopsis bouei Férussac, 1823
* † Melanopsis brachyptycha Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis braueri Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis breastensis Stefanescu, 1896
* Melanopsis brevicula Pallary, 1918
* † Melanopsis brongniarti Locard, 1883
* † Melanopsis brusinai Lörenthey, 1902
* Melanopsis buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801)
* † Melanopsis buccinulum Melleville, 1843
* † Melanopsis bukovaci Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis camptogramma Brusina, 1876
* † Melanopsis capreniensis Fontannes, 1887
* † Melanopsis carasiensis Jekelius, 1944
* † Melanopsis cari Pavlović, 1927
* Melanopsis cariosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
* † Melanopsis carusi (Brusina, 1902)
* † Melanopsis caryota Brusina, 1902
* Melanopsis cerithiopsis
* Melanopsis chlorotica Pallary, 1921
* † Melanopsis cikosi Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis citharella Merian, 1849
* † Melanopsis clava Sandberger, 1875
* † Melanopsis clavigera Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis coaequata
* † Melanopsis cognata Brusina, 1878
* † Melanopsis confusa Strausz, 1941
* † Melanopsis conoidea Pană, 2003
* † Melanopsis constricta Brusina, 1878
* † Melanopsis corici Neubauer, Mandic, Harzhauser & Hrvatović, 2013
* † Melanopsis coronata Brusina, 1878
* † Melanopsis correcta Stefanescu, 1896
* Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804)
* † Melanopsis cotrocenensis Cobălcescu, 1883
* † Melanopsis covurluensis Cobălcescu, 1883
* † Melanopsis croatica Brusina, 1884
* † Melanopsis cuisiensis Dominici & Kowalke, 2014
* † Melanopsis cvijici Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis cylindrica (Stoliczka, 1862)
* † Melanopsis dalmatina Brusina, 1884
* † Melanopsis decollata Stoliczka, 1862
* † Melanopsis defensa Fuchs, 1870
* † Melanopsis delessei Tournouër, 1875
* † Melanopsis depereti Boistel, 1898
* † Melanopsis dianaeformis Andrusov, 1909
* † Melanopsis dichtli Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis doriae Issel, 1865
* † Melanopsis draghiceniani Cobălcescu, 1883
* † Melanopsis dufouri A. Férussac, 1822
* † Melanopsis eleis Oppenheim, 1891
* † Melanopsis elophila Pallary, 1925
* † Melanopsis entziBrusina, 1902: synonym of †Melanopsis fuchsi Handmann, 1882 (junior synonym)
* † Melanopsis esperioides Stefanescu, 1896
* Melanopsis etrusca Brot, 1862
* † Melanopsis eulimopsis Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis euphrosinae (Cobălcescu, 1883)
* † Melanopsis eurystoma Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis faberi Brusina, 1884
* † Melanopsis fallax Pantanelli, 1886
* † Melanopsis fateljensis Neubauer, Mandic & Harzhauser, 2014
* Melanopsis ferussaci
* † Melanopsis filifera Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791) - late Neogene
* † Melanopsis freybergi Kühn, 1951
* † Melanopsis friedeli Brusina, 1885
* † Melanopsis fritzei Thomä, 1845
* Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis fuchsi Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis fusulatina Sacco, 1895
* † Melanopsis gearyae Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
* † Melanopsis geniculata Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis gersondei Willmann, 1981
* † Melanopsis glandicula Sandberger, 1875
* † Melanopsis glaubrechti Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015
* † Melanopsis gorceixi Tournouër, 1875
* † Melanopsis graciosa Seninski, 1905
* † Melanopsis granum Calvert & Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis guernei Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis handmanniana
* † Melanopsis hantkeni Hofmann, 1870
* † Melanopsis harpula Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis hastata Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis haueri Handmann, 1882
* Melanopsis heliophila Bourguignat, 1884
* † Melanopsis hennersdorfensis Fischer, 1993
* † Melanopsis hranilovici Brusina, 1897
* † Melanopsis hybostoma Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis impressa Krauss, 1852
* † Melanopsis incerta Férussac, 1823
* † Melanopsis inconstans Neumayr, 1869
* † Melanopsis inermis Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis inexspectata Willmann, 1981
* † Melanopsis involuta Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis irregularis Handmann, 1882
* Melanopsis isabelae Ahuir, 2016
* † Melanopsis karici Pavlović, 1903
* † Melanopsis katzeri Brusina, 1904
* † Melanopsis kleinii Kurr, 1856
* † Melanopsis klerici Brusina, 1893
* † Melanopsis kotschyi Philippi, 1847
* † Melanopsis krambergeri Brusina, 1884
* † Melanopsis kupensis Fuchs, 1870
* † Melanopsis kurdica Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis laevigata (Lamarck, 1792)
* † Melanopsis lanceolata Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis langhofferi Pavlović, 1927†
* † Melanopsis lanzaeana Brusina, 1874†
* † Melanopsis laubrierei Carez, 1880
* † Melanopsis lebedai Lueger, 1980
* † Melanopsis lepavinensis Brusina, 1897†
* Melanopsis letourneuxi Bourguignat, 1880
* † Melanopsis lomnickii Wenz, 1928
* † Melanopsis longa Deshayes in Férussac, 1851
* † Melanopsis longirostris Pallary, 1920
* Melanopsis lorcana Guirao, 1854
* † Melanopsis lorentheyi Andrusov, 1909
* † Melanopsis lorioli Locard, 1893
* † Melanopsis lozanici Brusina, 1893
* † Melanopsis lucanensis Neubauer in Neubauer et al., 2011
* † Melanopsis lyrata Neumayr, 1869
* † Melanopsis macrosculpturata Papp, 1953
* † Melanopsis magna Lubenescu, 1985
* Melanopsis magnifica Bourguignat, 1884
* † Melanopsis magyari Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
* † Melanopsis major Férussac, 1823
* † Melanopsis mariei Crosse, 1869
* † Melanopsis medinae Neubauer, Mandic, Harzhauser & Hrvatović, 2013 (unaccepted, junior synonym)
* † Melanopsis metochiana Pavlović, 1932
* † Melanopsis minotauri Willmann, 1980
* † Melanopsis mitraeformis Andrusov, 1909
* † Melanopsis moesiensis Jekelius, 1944
* † Melanopsis mojsisovicsi (Neumayr, 1880)
* Melanopsis mourebeyensis Pallary, 1921
* † Melanopsis multiformis
* † Melanopsis narzolina d'Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846
* † Melanopsis nesici Brusina, 1893
* † Melanopsis neumayri Tournouër, 1874
* † Melanopsis nobilis Seninski, 1905
* † Melanopsis obediensis
* † Melanopsis obsoleta Fuchs, 1873
* † Melanopsis ogerieni Locard, 1883
* † Melanopsis olivula Grateloup, 1838
* † Melanopsis oltszakadatensis Halaváts, 1914
* † Melanopsis onusta Stefanescu, 1896
* † Melanopsis onychia Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis orientalis Bukowski, 1892
* † Melanopsis oroposi Papp, 1979
* † Melanopsis ovosimilis Willmann, 1981
* † Melanopsis ovularis Watelet, 1853
* † Melanopsis oxycantha Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis pachecoi Royo Gómez, 1922
* † Melanopsis papkesiensis Bandel, 2000
* † Melanopsis paradoxa (Brusina, 1892)
* Melanopsis parreyssii (Philippi, 1847) - synonym: Melanopsis hungarica Kormos, 1904
* † Melanopsis paulovici Bourguignat, 1880
* † Melanopsis pavlovici Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis pedemontana Sacco, 1889
* † Melanopsis pentagona Brusina, 1892
* † Melanopsis pergamena Calvert & Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis petkovici Pavlović, 1931
* Melanopsis pechinati Bourguignat, 1868
* † Melanopsis petrovici Brusina, 1893
* † Melanopsis pleuroplagia (Bourguignat, 1880)
* † Melanopsis pleurotomoides Pavlović, 1927
* † Melanopsis plicatella Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis plicatula Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis porumbari Porumbaru, 1881
* † Melanopsis posterior Papp, 1953
* † Melanopsis praecursor Schütt in Schütt & Ortal, 1993
* Melanopsis praemorsa (Linnaeus, 1758) - type species
* † Melanopsis protopygmaea Halaváts, 1914
* † Melanopsis pseudoaustriaca Sauerzopf, 1952
* † Melanopsis pseudobesa Bandel, 2000
* † Melanopsis pseudocostata Oppenheim, 1891
* † Melanopsis pseudoimpressa
* † Melanopsis pseudopygmaea Jekelius, 1944
* † Melanopsis pseudoscalaria Sandberger, 1886
* † Melanopsis pterochila Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis pumila (Brusina, 1902)
* † Melanopsis pusilla Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis pygmaea Hörnes, 1856
* † Melanopsis pyrum Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis rarinodosa (Brusina, 1892)
* † Melanopsis recurrens Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis retusa Brusina, 1904
* † Melanopsis revelata Pallary, 1920
* † Melanopsis rhodanica Locard, 1883†
* Melanopsis rifi Ahuir, 2014
* † Melanopsis rudis Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis rumana Tournouër, 1880
* † Melanopsis sabolici Brusina, 1902
* Melanopsis saharica Bourguignat, 1864
* † Melanopsis salamei Alhejoj & Bandel, 2013
* † Melanopsis sandbergeri Neumayr, 1869
* Melanopsis saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853
* † Melanopsis scalariformis Papp, 1953
* Melanopsis scalaris Gassies, 1856
* † Melanopsis scansoria Stefanescu, 1896
* † Melanopsis scripta Fuchs, 1870
* † Melanopsis senatoria Handmann, 1887
* † Melanopsis seninskii Wenz, 1928
* † Melanopsis serbica Brusina, 1893
* † Melanopsis serchensis Vidal, 1874 - from Maastrichtian
* Melanopsis sharhabili Bandel, 2000
* † Melanopsis simulata Pallary, 1925
* † Melanopsis sinjana Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis sinzowi Brusina, 1885
* † Melanopsis slavonica Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
* † Melanopsis soceni Jekelius, 1944
* † Melanopsis sodalis Deshayes, 1862
* † Melanopsis soldaniana Pantanelli, 1879
* † Melanopsis sostarici Brusina, 1897
* † Melanopsis soubeirani Porumbaru, 1881
* † Melanopsis spinicostata Rolle, 1860
* † Melanopsis spinigera Seninski, 1905
* † Melanopsis spiridioni Pallary, 1916
* † Melanopsis sporadum Tournouër, 1876
* † Melanopsis strangulata Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis striata Handmann, 1887
* † Melanopsis stricturata Brusina, 1892
* † Melanopsis sturi (unaccepted, rank changed)
* Melanopsis suarezi Ahuir, 2016
* † Melanopsis subangulosa Sandberger, 1875
* † Melanopsis subbuccinoides d'Orbigny, 1851
* Melanopsis subgraëllsiana Bourguignat, 1864
* † Melanopsis subpraerosa Andrusov, 1909
* † Melanopsis subpyrum Penecke, 1886
* † Melanopsis substricturata (Jekelius, 1944)
* † Melanopsis suskalovici Pavlović, 1903
* † Melanopsis synaniae Esu & Girotti, 2015
* † Melanopsis tenuiplicata Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis tihanyensis (unaccepted, junior synonym)
* † Melanopsis timacensis Živković, 1893
* † Melanopsis tinnyensis Wenz, 1919
* † Melanopsis tortispina Papp, 1953
* Melanopsis tricarinata (Bruguière, 1789)
* † Melanopsis trivortiana Locard, 1883
* † Melanopsis trojana Hoernes, 1877
* † Melanopsis trstenjaki Brusina, 1884
* † Melanopsis tuberculata Pavlović, 1927
* Melanopsis turgida Pallary, 1927
* † Melanopsis turislavica Jekelius, 1944
* † Melanopsis turriformis
* † Melanopsis valdeci Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis vandeveldi Bukowski, 1892
* † Melanopsis varicosa Handmann, 1882
* † Melanopsis vilicici Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis vindobonensis Fuchs, 1870
* † Melanopsis viquesneli Pavlović, 1932
* † Melanopsis visianiana Brusina, 1874
* † Melanopsis vitalisi Strausz, 1942
* † Melanopsis vitezovici Brusina, 1902
* † Melanopsis vitzoui Porumbaru, 1881
* † Melanopsis vrcinensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
* Melanopsis wagneri
* † Melanopsis wilhelmi Esu & Girotti, 2015
* † Melanopsis wolfgangfischeri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
* † Melanopsis zitteli Neumayr, 1869
* † Melanopsis zujovici Brusina, 1893
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger, †.)

### Species brought into synonymy

* † Melanopsis abbreviata cosmanni Pallary, 1916: synonym of † Melanopsis abbreviata cossmanni Pallary, 1916
* † Melanopsis acanthicoides var. abichi Calvert & Neumayr, 1880: synonym of † Melanopsis abichi Calvert & Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis acanthicoides var. pergamenica Calvert & Neumayr, 1880: synonym of † Melanopsis pergamena Calvert & Neumayr, 1880
* † Melanopsis acanthicoides var. trojana Hoernes, 1877: synonym of † Melanopsis trojana Hoernes, 1877
* Melanopsis aperta Gassies, 1863: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis aurantiaca Gassies, 1874: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis austriaca var. serbica Brusina, 1902: synonym of † Melanopsis haueri ripanjensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
* Melanopsis brevis Morelet, 1857: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis brotiana Gassies, 1874: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis callosa var. curta Locard, 1893: synonym of † Melanopsis kleinii kleinii Kurr, 1856
* Melanopsis carinata Gassies, 1863: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis curta Gassies, 1870: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis cylindrica petrovici (Brusina, 1893): synonym of † Melanopsis petrovici Brusina, 1893
* Melanopsis dumbeensis Crosse, 1869: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis elegans Gassies, 1869: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis elongata Gassies, 1874: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis esperi Férussac, 1823: synonym of Esperiana esperi (Férussac, 1823)
* Melanopsis fasciata Gassies, 1874: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis fragilis Gassies, 1874: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis fossilis var. accedens Handmann, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791)
* † Melanopsis fossilis var. propinqua Handmann, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791)
* † Melanopsis fossilis var. proclivis Handmann, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791)
* † Melanopsis fossilis rugosa Handmann, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis wolfgangfischeri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
* Melanopsis fulgurans Gassies, 1859: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis fulminata Brot, 1879: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis fusca Gassies, 1870: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis fusiformis Gassies, 1870: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis gassiesiana Crosse, 1867: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis harpula capreniensis Fontannes, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis capreniensis Fontannes, 1887
* † Melanopsis impressa bonellii Manzoni, 1870: synonym of † Melanopsis bonellii Manzoni, 1870
* Melanopsis lamberti Souverbie, 1872: synonym of Melanopsis mariei Crosse, 1869
* Melanopsis lentiginosa Reeve, 1860: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis lineolata Gassies, 1857: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis lirata Gassies, 1869: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis livida Gassies, 1863: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis neritoides Gassies, 1859: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis retoutiana Gassies, 1863: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis robusta Gassies, 1870: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis rumana var. correcta Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † Melanopsis correcta Stefanescu, 1896
* † Melanopsis sandbergeri correcta Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † Melanopsis correcta Stefanescu, 1896
* Melanopsis souverbieana Gassies, 1870: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis trifasciata Gray, 1843: synonym of Zemelanopsis trifasciata (Gray, 1843)
* Melanopsis variegata Morelet, 1857: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* Melanopsis zonites Gassies, 1870: synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857
* † Melanopsis (Canthidomus) bouei var. megacantha Handmann, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis bouei megacantha Handmann, 1887
* † Melanopsis (Canthidomus) bouei var. monacantha Handmann, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis bouei bouei Férussac, 1823
* † Melanopsis (Canthidomus) bouei var. multicostata Handmann, 1887: synonym of † Melanopsis bouei multicostata Handmann, 1887
* † Melanopsis (Canthidomus) defensa elongata Gillet & Marinescu, 1971: synonym of † Melanopsis defensa defensa Fuchs, 1870