# Michael Mullen

Michael Glenn Mullen (born 4 October 1946) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the 17th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 2007 to September 2011.
Mullen was the 32nd vice chief of naval operations from August 2003 to August 2004. He then was the commander of both the U.S. Naval Forces Europe and the Allied Joint Force Command Naples from October 2004 to May 2005. From July 2005 to September 2007, Mullen served as the Navy's 28th chief of naval operations.
As chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Mullen was the highest-ranking officer in the U.S. Armed Forces and diversified the top ranks of the Pentagon. He retired from the Navy after over 42 years of service. Since 2012, Mullen has been a visiting professor at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs.

## Early life and education

Mullen was born on 4 October 1946, in Los Angeles, the eldest of five children of Mary Jane (Glenn), who worked as an assistant to comedian Jimmy Durante, and Hollywood press agent John Edward "Jack" Mullen. He attended St. Charles Borromeo Church School in North Hollywood, and graduated from Notre Dame High School, Sherman Oaks in 1964. Mullen then attended the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis and was classmates with former Commandant of the Marine Corps Michael Hagee, former Chief of Naval Operations Jay L. Johnson, former secretary of the Navy and senator from Virginia Jim Webb, National Security Council staff member during the Iran–Contra affair Oliver North, former director of National Intelligence Dennis C. Blair, and NASA administrator Charles Bolden. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1968.
   Along with his congeniality, [he] displayed fine leadership qualities. With his well rounded personality, his enthusiasm, and his desire to do his best, Navy-Air is indeed getting an outstanding officer. -- 1968 Lucky Bag, USNA college yearbook

## Naval career
### Early career

As a junior officer, he served in various leadership positions aboard USS Collett (DD-730), USS Blandy (DD-943), USS Fox (CG-33) and USS Sterett (CG-31). He has commanded three ships: the gasoline tanker USS Noxubee (AOG-56), the guided missile destroyer USS Goldsborough (DDG-20), and the guided missile cruiser USS Yorktown (CG-48); and has also commanded Cruiser-Destroyer Group Two from USS George Washington (CVN-73). Mullen's last command at sea was as Commander, U.S. Second Fleet/Commander, NATO Striking Fleet Atlantic (COMSTRIKFLTLANT).
In 1985, Mullen graduated from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, with a Master of Science degree in Operations Research, and in 1991, he attended the six-week Harvard Business School Advanced Management Program.
Mullen served as Company Officer and Executive Assistant to the Commandant of Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy. He also served in the Bureau of Naval Personnel as Director, Chief of Planning and Provisions, Surface Officer Distribution and in the Office of the Secretary of Defense on the staff of the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation. On the Chief of Naval Operations' staff, Mullen served as Deputy Director and Director of Surface Warfare and as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Resources, Requirements, and Assessments (N8). He was the 32nd Vice Chief of Naval Operations from August 2003 to October 2004.
Mullen was recognized by his peers in 1987 with the Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale Award for Inspirational Leadership skill.
As Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples, Mullen had operational responsibility for NATO missions in the Balkans, Iraq, and the Mediterranean. As Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe, he was responsible for providing overall command, operational control, and coordination of U.S. naval forces in the European Command area of responsibility. He assumed these duties on October 8, 2004, and was relieved of them upon his becoming Chief of Naval Operations.
On October 29, 2006, the Honolulu Advertiser published an op-ed by Mullen that defined the concept of the 1,000-ship navy. However Admiral Gary Roughead, Mullen's successor as Chief of Naval Operations, rejected Mullen's concept in favor of a more inclusive vision that includes non-governmental organizations and cooperation with non-allied countries.

### Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

On 8 June 2007, Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates announced that he would advise President George W. Bush to nominate Mullen to succeed General Peter Pace as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Bush announced the nomination formally on 28 June 2007.
On 3 August 2007, the United States Senate confirmed Mullen as the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Mullen was sworn in on October 1, 2007. Upon taking office, Mullen became the first naval officer to hold the Chairman's position since Admiral William J. Crowe, who served as Chairman prior to the enactment of the Goldwater-Nichols Act in 1986, and who was the immediate predecessor to Army general and later United States Secretary of State Colin Powell.
During his tenure, he was responsible for the appointment of multiple African-American officers to the highest ranks of the military, including the appointment of General Lloyd Austin, now the first black secretary of defense, as Director of the Joint Staff.
On 18 March 2009, Gates recommended to President Barack Obama that Mullen be re-nominated for a second term as chairman of the Joint Chiefs. He was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on 25 September 2009 and began his second term on 1 October 2009.
On 2 February 2010, Mullen and Gates said that they fully supported President Obama's decision to end the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy, which prevented openly gay people from serving in the military. "It is my personal belief that allowing gays and lesbians to serve openly would be the right thing to do," Mullen said at a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. "No matter how I look at the issue...I cannot escape being troubled by the fact that we have in place a policy which forces young men and women to lie about who they are in order to defend their fellow citizens. For me, it comes down to integrity—theirs as individuals and ours as an institution".

### 2007 Senate testimony regarding the Iraq War

During Mullen's Senate confirmation hearings for his first term nomination as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Mullen identified political progress in Iraq as a critical component of Iraq policy. He noted that, "there does not appear to be much political progress" in Iraq. He also said, "If [the Iraqis] aren't making progress in [the political] realm, the prospects for movement in a positive direction are not very good. Failure to achieve tangible progress toward [political] reconciliation requires a strategic reassessment". Mullen further told the Senate that the United States needs to "bring as much pressure on [Iraq's political leaders] as [the U.S.] possibly can".
Regarding the length and scope of the U.S. involvement in Iraq, Mullen told the Senate that while he does not envision permanent U.S. bases in Iraq, "vital interests in the region and in Iraq require a pragmatic, long-term commitment that will be measured in years, not months".

### Debt

In 2010, Mullen said, "The most significant threat to our national security is our debt".

### Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010

President Obama, United States Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and Admiral Mullen provided the certification required by the Act to Congress on 22 July 2011. Implementation of repeal was completed 60 days later, so that DADT was no longer policy as of 20 September 2011.

### Views on use of military force

In a speech at Kansas State University, Mullen outlined his views about the best application of military force in present times. He characterized most wars, such as World War II, as wars of attrition, where the reduction or elimination of enemy forces signaled victory. He characterized the Cold War as an issue of containment. In characterizing the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, he described them as "a fight against a syndicate of Islamic extremists led by al-Qaeda and supported by a host of both state and non-state actors", citing the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan as their "epicenter".
Mullen outlined three principles about the "proper use of modern military forces":
* Military power should not be the last resort of the state: Mullen pointed to the readiness and capacity of military forces to respond to crises as reason to deploy them sooner, rather than later, in response. "We can, merely by our presence, help alter certain behavior".
* Force should be applied in a precise and principled way: Mullen cites the sacrifice involved in deployment as requiring extreme care. Secondly, Mullen argues that "the battlefield isn't necessarily a field anymore. It's in the minds of the people". He cites General Stanley McChrystal's restriction of night raids I as an example of this principle in action.
* Policy and strategy should constantly engage with one another: Given that current engagements are open-ended, Mullen posits that military strategy must be more constantly engaged with policy. "...war has never been a set-piece affair. The enemy adapts to your strategy and you adapt to his". He cites the review process which led to the current Afghanistan escalation as a model of engagement between military leaders and policy makers.
During the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd, President Trump threatened to order federal troops to quell protests; in opposition, Mullen authored an article published in The Atlantic. Mullen stated, "I am deeply worried that as they execute their orders, the members of our military will be co-opted for political purposes".

## Retirement

President Obama nominated General Martin Dempsey as the next Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on Memorial Day 2011. Dempsey had only been sworn in as army chief of staff the previous month. On 30 September 2011, Mullen officially retired from the military when his term as chairman ended.
In December 2012, one year into his retirement, Mullen was in the news again, for having been the target of computer hacking, a situation that led to subsequent FBI investigations. In 2013, Mullen joined the board of General Motors.
On 11 July 2013, Mullen joined the board of directors of Sprint Nextel Corp directly after a buyout from SoftBank, one of Japan's largest cellular companies. In 2016, Mullen joined the Advisory Board of Afiniti, an American unicorn big data and artificial intelligence business. In September 2023, Mullen became chairman of the board of directors of unmanned maritime tech company Saildrone to "help steer the company to address the nation’s defense needs, against rapidly evolving adversaries."
Mullen was vetted by Michael Bloomberg to be his running mate in the 2016 presidential election, but Bloomberg decided against running.
In an interview with ABC News on 31 December 2017, Mullen stated his belief that the United States was close to a nuclear war with North Korea.
On 22 May 2024, Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro announced that DDG 144, a Flight III Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, would be named USS Michael G. Mullen in his honor.

## Dates of rank

| Ensign | Lieutenant (junior grade) | Lieutenant | Lieutenant commander | Commander | Captain |
| O-1 | O-2 | O-3 | O-4 | O-5 | O-6 |
| 5 June 1968 | 5 June 1969 | 1 July 1971 | 1 October 1977 | 1 June 1983 | 1 September 1989 |
| Rear admiral (lower half) | Rear admiral | Vice admiral | Admiral |
| O-7 | O-8 | O-9 | O-10 |
| April 1, 1996 | 5 March 1998 | 21 September 2000 | 28 August 2003 |

## Military awards
### United States military decorations

| Description | Notes |
| Defense Distinguished Service Medal | with three bronze oak leaf clusters |
| Navy Distinguished Service Medal | with one gold award star |
| Defense Superior Service Medal | |
| Legion of Merit | with one silver award star |
| Meritorious Service Medal | |
| Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal | |
| Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal | |
| Navy Unit Commendation Ribbon | |
| Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation Ribbon | |
| Navy "E" Ribbon | with Wreathed Battle E device |
| Navy Expeditionary Medal | |
| National Defense Service Medal | with two bronze service stars |
| Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal | |
| Vietnam Service Medal | with one bronze star |
| Global War on Terrorism Service Medal | |
| Humanitarian Service Medal | with one bronze star |
| Navy Sea Service Deployment Ribbon | with three bronze stars |
| Navy Overseas Service Ribbon | with one bronze star |

### Non-U.S. decorations

| Issuing nation/organisation | Description | Date awarded | Notes |
| Republic of Chile | National Order of Merit (Commander) | | |
| Republic of Italy | Order of Merit of the Italian Republic | 14 April 2007 | |
| French Republic | National Order of the Legion of Honour | 12 May 2007 | |
| Commonwealth of Australia | Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia (Military Division) | 5 November 2010 | For distinguished service to the military relationship between Australia and the US as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, US |
| Federal Republic of Germany | Federal Cross of Merit | 9 June 2011 | For concern for German soldiers, his role in strengthening the close German-American friendship, and his services to the Federal Republic of Germany |
| Republic of Vietnam | Vietnam Gallantry Cross (device(s) unknown) | | |
| Republic of Vietnam | Vietnam Civil Actions Medal 1st Class | | |
| Canada | Meritorious Service Cross | 2013 | |
| Japan | Order of the Rising Sun, 1st class | | |
| Republic of Vietnam | Gallantry Cross Unit Citation Ribbon | | |
| Republic of Vietnam | Civil Actions Unit Citation Ribbon | | |
| NATO | NATO Medal for Former Yugoslavia | | |
| Republic of Vietnam | Vietnam Campaign Medal | | |

### Badges

| Badge | Description |
| | Navy Surface Warfare Badge (Officer) |
| | Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge |

### Other awards

In 1987, Mullen was awarded the Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale Award for Inspirational Leadership. In 2009 the U.S. veterans group Soldier On awarded Admiral Mullen the first Soldier On Award, created for them by sculptor Andrew DeVries. The Soldier On Award recognizes individuals whose leadership and actions have advanced the goal of ending veteran homelessness.
In 2010, Mullen was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia.
An auditorium was dedicated in his name 1 March 2012, before a graduation ceremony at the Surface Warfare Officers School in Newport, Rhode Island.
In 2024, the USS Michael G. Mullen was named after him due to him being a, "visionary leader in the mold of the greatest naval leaders that came before".

## Personal life

Mullen is married to Deborah and together they have two sons, John "JMuls" Mullen and Michael Edward Mullen.