OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ehrenfried Günther Freiherr von Hünefeld

Ehrenfried Günther Freiherr von Hünefeld (1 May 1892 – 5 February 1929) was a German aviation pioneer and initiator of the first transatlantic aeroplane flight from East to West.

## Early life

Hünefeld was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, the son of the owner of Braxeinswalde near Preußisch Eylau, where he grew up. He was blind in his left eye and near-sighted in his right, and his childhood was characterized by several serious diseases. After attending school in Berlin, he studied at Berlin University and came in contact with the first flight pioneers at Berlin's Johannisthal Air Field. At the beginning of World War I, he tried to join the German Air Service as a volunteer but was rejected due to his poor health. After that, he volunteered again as a motorcyclist and was wounded in September 1914 in Flanders, which led to a shortened left leg. Due to his handicaps, he could not return to service and joined the German Diplomatic Service, serving in Sofia, Constantinople, and as an Imperial Vice Consul in the Netherlands. After the end of World War I, he stayed in the Netherlands for one and a half years with the German Crown Prince Wilhelm, before returning to Germany, where he worked as a spokesman for the Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company in Bremen.

## First east-west transatlantic flight

After Charles Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic from West to East in May 1927, the idea of flying in the opposite direction, which is more difficult because of the prevailing winds, became more and more popular. In 1927 Hünefeld bought two Junkers W 33 aircraft from the Junkers company in Dessau, naming them after the two Norddeutscher Lloyd flagships SS Bremen and SS Europa (unlikely as they did not exist at the time). His plans were supported by Hugo Junkers and Hermann Köhl, a World War I pilot and head of the Deutsche Luft Hansa Nightflight Branch.
After some test flights, and breaking the record for flight duration, Hünefeld and Köhl flew to Baldonnel, Ireland, where they met James C. Fitzmaurice, the Irish Air Corps Commandant of the Baldonnel Airodrome. On 12 April 1928, these three left Baldonnel in the Bremen and crossed the Atlantic Ocean, landing at Greenly Island on the south coast of Labrador, Canada. Even though they failed to reach their original goal, New York City, they were the first to cross the Atlantic from Europe to America. By a special act of the Congress of the United States on 2 May 1928, Hünefeld and his two companions were awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

## Round-the-world flight attempt

On 18 September 1928, von Hünefeld and Swedish pilot Karl Gunnar Lindner took off from Berlin in the Europa in an attempt to fly around the world. In Bushire, Iran, they met Friedrich Karl von Koenig-Warthausen who went on to complete the first solo circumnavigation principally by air.$^{:58–9}$
After they arrived in Tokyo on 20 October, the flight was abandoned because of poor weather conditions and Hünefeld's declining health.
Hünefeld died in February 1929 in Berlin from stomach cancer and is buried in the Landeseigener Friedhof Berlin-Steglitz cemetery.
# Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Jorhat

26°37′04″N 94°11′53″E﻿ / ﻿26.61778°N 94.19806°E﻿ / 26.61778; 94.19806 Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Jorhat is CBSE affiliated school of Jorhat district of Assam under Shillong region of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS). One of 557 JNV's known for its academics, spread all over India by Government of India. It is located at Titabar about 16 km from Jorhat town. This school is residence school and all facilities to the students is free of cost. The entrance test for admission into 6th and 9th class of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Jorhat is being conducted by the Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti. The school syllabus is CBSE pattern. There are classes being conducted from 6th standard to 12th standard.
# Morphological richness

In linguistics, the morphological richness of a language is the extent to which it uses morphology. Morphological richness can be measured in a variety of ways including the different ways words can be modified, the number of morphemes per word, and how clearly those parts relate to their meaning.
Morphologically rich languages present challenges in natural language processing, often requiring specialized processing methods.
Morphological richness is a spectrum. Morphologically weak languages such as Mandarin, Haitian Creole, and English use morphology relatively sparingly, with most of their structure occuring at the sentence level. Morphologically rich languages such as Chukchi, Navajo, and German encode much of their grammatical structure within single words.
# WLF

WLF is an abbreviation that may stand for:

## Organisations and businesses

* Washington Legal Foundation, an American conservative non-profit legal organisation in Washington, D.C.
* World Law Foundation, an international organisation dedicated to the rule of law, based in Madrid, Spain
* West Liberty Foods, a meat processing company in Iowa, US
* World Leagues Forum, an organisation for association football leagues
* World Literacy Foundation, a global organisation based in Melbourne, Australia
* World Lung Foundation, a public health NFP in New York

## Other uses

* Swap loader vehicle (German: "Wechselladerfahrzeug"), in containerized firefighting equipment
* Viva La Figa, the meaning of the three letters on Valentino Rossi's leathers
* Waist-level finder, a kind of viewfinder used in some cameras
* WLF, station code for Whittlesford Parkway railway station (station code)
* Wu Lin Feng, a Chinese mixed martial arts TV show
# The Clinton School

The Clinton School is a New York City public middle and high school located in the Union Square section of Manhattan, New York. It serves a student body of about 400 students between the 6th and 12th grades. The Clinton School is authorized by the International Baccalaureate Organization to offer the IB Diploma Programme. As per the U.S. News 2018 High School Ranking, the Clinton School is one of the top high schools in the nation,. Applicants must succeed in an admission test, and satisfy other requirements according to the grade entered. For over twenty years Clinton was located on the top floor of the elementary school PS 11 but has now relocated to a new building near Union Square. The school graduated its first high school class in 2019.
As of the 2017-18 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 488 students and 34 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.4:1. There were 51 students (12% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch or reduced-cost lunch.

## Academic rigor

Inside Schools has praised the school's rigor, noting that "The academic load is intense, but students get lots of support. Eighth-graders take high school math and science courses to complete two of the five Regent’s exams required for graduation, and they complete the rest of their Regent’s by the end of 10th grade."

## International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP)

The Clinton School offers the IB diploma in the twelfth grades, with challenging courses offered from grades nine to twelve as preparation.
# Jorhat Law College

Jorhat Law College is a Private law school situated at Jorhat in the Indian state of Assam. It offers 3 years law courses, 5 Year Integrated B.A. LL.B. LL.B and LL.M. courses affiliated to Dibrugarh University. This College is recognised by Bar Council of India, New Delhi.

## History

Jorhat Law College is the first law college in Upper Assam Division and second in the Northeast India. This college was established in 1964 by Nalini Nath Phukan Memorial and Educational Trust. This college was affiliated to Gauhati University at the time of initiation latter come under the Dibrugarh university.
# Hardware: Rivals

Hardware: Rivals was a 2016 online multiplayer vehicular combat video game developed by SCE Connected Content Group and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 4. It was the successor to the 2002 PlayStation 2 game, Hardware: Online Arena.

## Gameplay

The game gave players the option to play in either Tanks or Fast Attack Vehicles (FAVs), collecting various special weapon pickups such as Lasers, Railguns and Rockets.
In addition to deathmatch, team deathmatch and team domination multiplayer modes, the game also featured three single-player training modes, including "Time Trial" and "Target Practice".

## Development

The game was first announced on 10 September 2015 and is developed by the SCE Connected Content Group, based in London.
A Public Beta for the game took place from 30 September 2015 to 19 October 2015, and was exclusive to PlayStation Plus subscribers. When the PS Events app was released as part of the PlayStation 4 system software 3.00, the Hardware: Rivals beta was one of the first titles to make in-game events available such as "4 Wheels Only", an FAV-only special event. The game was released on 5 January 2016.
An update for the game was released on 22 January 2016, which added the "Scarab" FAV and the "Barbarian" Tank to the game. The next major game update, released on 26 February 2016, added a new map, "Mojito Bay", and introduced "Ranked Play", where players had the ability to compete against each other and earn exclusive rewards by ranking up. An update released on 13 May 2016 added a new map, "Bushpig Plateau", and introduced a new team game mode called "Capture the Flag". One last major update, released on 19 August 2016, added a new map, "Eagle Ridge".

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 56/100 |
The game was met with mixed reception upon its release. IGN awarded it a score of 5.5 out of 10, saying "There is fun to be had, but the novelty of Hardware: Rivals wears thin pretty quickly."

## Shutdown

Around 26 August 2021, it was announced that the game's servers would be shut down on 8 December 2021. In addition, the game had been quietly delisted from the PlayStation Store. This announcement was not shared by PlayStation's social media team, but rather via an in-game message.
# Sukreswar Temple

The Sukreswar Temple (pronounced /ʃʊˈkreɪʃwər/ shuu-KRAY-shwər) is an important Shiva temple in the state of Assam in India. The temple is located on the Sukreswar or Itakhuli hill on the south bank of river Brahmaputra in the Panbazar locality of Guwahati city. Leading down from the temple compound is a long flight of steps to the river. Sitting on the steps of Sukreswar ghat one can enjoy the scenery of sun setting on the river, boats moving across the river, people performing puja in honour of their relatives who have left this world, children and older people bathing. It has one of the largest Lingam of Lord Shiva.

## History

It is believed to be constructed in 1744 by Ahom King Pramatta Singha (1744–1751). King Rajeswar Singha (1751–69) who also promoted cause of the Saiva cult made financial provisions for the Sukreswar Temple in 1759.
# Vendôme (restaurant)

Vendôme is a Michelin 2-star restaurant in Bergisch Gladbach, near Cologne, Germany. The restaurant is led by chef de cuisine Joachim Wissler [de], and is part of the Grandhotel Schloss Bensberg.
Under Wissler, Vendôme received its first Michelin star in 2001, a second in 2002 and finally the third in 2005, an award only given to "exceptional cuisine with distinctive dishes, precisely executed using superlative ingredients, and worth a special journey". Vendôme has consistently been ranked among The World's 50 Best Restaurants since 2008. It was voted 47th best in the world on Restaurant magazine's 2017 list, the highest ranked German restaurant of two on the list, the other being Tim Raue's restaurant currently ranked at number 48.
# Methidiumpropyl-EDTA

Methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE) is composed of the DNA intercalator methidium covalently attached to the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) by a short linker. MPE nonspecifically binds and cleaves DNA at multiple locations.
# Milk (South Korean group)

M.I.L.K. (Korean: 밀크, acronym for Made In Lovely Kin) was a South Korean girl group formed by BM entertainment,a subsidiary of SM Entertainment, in 2001. The group debuted on December 17, 2001, with the full album With Freshness. In 2003, Bae Yu-mi departed from the group, which led to its disbandment. The members transitioned to solo acting careers.

## Background

It took two years for the group to be formed. The group debuted with their first album With Freshness on December 17, 2001. The group was managed under BM entertainment, and fan club was called "Milky Way". "Into the New World" was expected to be the title song for their planned second album but was cancelled and instead went to Girls' Generation.

## Past members

* Park Hee-von
* Kim Bo-mi
* Bae Yu-mi
* Seo Hyun-jin

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details |
| With Freshness | Released: December 17, 2001 Label: BM Entertainment, SM Entertainment Formats: CD, cassette Track listing "Crystal" "Come to Me" "Sad Letter" "Blind Love" "All My Love For You" "I Want You" "Secret" "Reason" "Wish" "She Never..." "Stay with me" "Good Time" "Crystal" (Instrumental) |
The album was produced by Moon Hee-joon.It was the earliest works the producing team Sweetune participated in.

### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| "Come to Me" | 2001 | With Freshness |
| "Crystal" | 2002 | With Freshness |
| "Sad Letter" | 2002 | With Freshness |

### Collaborations

* 2001 Winter Vacation in SM Town - Angel Eyes
** Track 1: Angel Eyes - SMTown
** Track 16: Wait For Me
* 2002 Summer Vacation in SM Town - Summer Vacation
** Track 3: Summer Vacation - SMTown
** Track 10: One Summer Dream
* 2002 Winter Vacation in SM Town - My Angel, My Light
** CD 1, Track 1: My Angel, My Light - SMTown
** CD 1, Track 4: Snow in My Mind with Shoo, BoA
** CD 2, Track 1 Dear My Family - SMTown
* 2003 Summer Vacation in SM Town - Hello! Summer!
** Track 1: Hello Summer - SMTown
** Track 2: Paradise – Fly to the Sky, Lee Ji-hoon, Ji-yeon, Seo Hyun-jin
** Track 5: Summer In Dream – Moon Hee-jun, Shoo, BoA, Jae-won, Seo Hyun-jin, Park Hee-von)
** Track 10: 그림으로 떠나는 여행 – Kangta, Dana, Lee Ji-hoon, Park Hee-von, Ji-yeon
* 2004 Summer Vacation in SM Town - Hot Mail
** Track 1: Hot Mail (여름편지) – SMTown
* 2006 Summer Vacation in SM Town - Red Sun
** Track 1: 태양은 가득히 (Red Sun) – SMTown
** Track 8: Raindrops (Seo Hyun-jin only)
* 2006 Winter Vacation in SM Town - Snow Dream
** Track 1: Snow Dream - SMTown
** Track 11: 눈의 이야기 (Winter of Memories) (Seo Hyun-jin only)
* 2007 Winter SMTown – Only Love
** Track 1: 사랑 하나죠 (Only Love) - SMTown
** Track 8: Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas (Seo Hyun-jin only)
* SM Best Album 3
** CD 1, Track 8: Come To Me

## Awards

Name of the award ceremony, year presented, award category, nominee(s) of the award, and the result of the nomination :
| Award ceremony | Year | Category | Nominee / Work | Result | Ref. |
| Mnet Music Video Festival | 2002 | Best New Group | "Come to Me" | Nominated | |
# Devicharan Barua Girls' College

Devicharan Barua Girls' College, also known as D.C.B. Girls' College, established in 1955, is a women's college in Jorhat, Assam. This college is affiliated with the Dibrugarh University.

## Departments
### Arts

* Assamese
* Bengali
* Economics
* Education
* English
* Geography
* History
* Logic and Philosophy
* Political Science

### Science

* Physics
* Chemistry
* Zoology
* Botany
* Mathematics
# 1990 Paris–Dakar Rally

1990 Dakar Rally also known as the 1990 Paris–Dakar Rally was the 12th running of the Dakar Rally event. 465 competitors started from La Défense. The rally was won by 1981 world rally champion, Ari Vatanen, for the third time in four years. The motorcycle class was won by Edi Orioli.

## Stages

| Stage | Date | Start | Finish | Special (km) | Total (km) |
| Prologue | 25 December | Chevilly | | 5 | |
| Prologue | 26 December | Marseille | | 3.5 | |
| 1 | 29 December | Tripoli | Ghadamès | 273 | 539 |
| 2 | 30 December | Ghadamès | Ghat | 609 | 707 |
| 3 | 31 December | Ghat | Sabha | 446 | 687 |
| 4 | 1 January | Sabha | Tumu | 641 | |
| 5 | 2 January | Tumu | Dirkou | 504 | |
| 6 | 3 January | Dirkou | N'Gourti | 497 | |
| 7 | 4 January | N'Gourti | N'Djamena | 499 | 657 |
| 8 | 5 January | N'Djamena | N'Guigmi | 425 | 483 |
| 9 | 6 January | N'Guigmi | Agadez | 780 | 780 |
| Rest | 7 January | | | | |
| 10 | 8 January | Agadez | Tahoua | 198 | 483 |
| 11 | 9 January | Tahoua | Niamey | 222 | 431 |
| 12 | 10 January | Niamey | Gao | 492 | 638 |
| 13 | 11 January | Gao | Tombouctou | 412 | |
| 14 | 12 January | Tombouctou | Néma | 674 | |
| 15 | 13 January | Néma | Tidjikja | 458 | 738 |
| 16 | 14 January | Tidjikja | Kayes | 280 | |
| 17 | 15 January | Kayes | Saint Louis | 200 | 838 |
| 18 | 16 January | Saint Louis | Dakar | 40 | 227 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 8,564 | 11,420 |

## Stage Winners

| Stage | Cars | Cars | Bikes | Bikes |
| Prologue | Claude Arnoux | Citroën | Laurent Charbonnel [fr] | Husqvarna |
| Prologue | Pierre Lartigue | Mitsubishi | Laurent Charbonnel [fr] | Husqvarna |
| 1 | Ari Vatanen | Peugeot | Jordi Arcarons | Cagiva |
| 2 | Ari Vatanen | Peugeot | Edi Orioli | Cagiva |
| 3 | Ari Vatanen | Peugeot | Gilles Picard | Yamaha |
| 4 | Ari Vatanen | Peugeot | Alessandro De Petri [it] | Cagiva |
| 5 | Björn Waldegård | Peugeot | Alessandro De Petri [it] | Cagiva |
| 6 | Alain Ambrosino | Peugeot | Alessandro De Petri [it] | Cagiva |
| 7 | Ari Vatanen | Peugeot | Alessandro De Petri [it] | Cagiva |
| 8 | Ari Vatanen | Peugeot | Stephane Peterhansel | Yamaha |
| 9 | Kenjiro Shinozuka | Mitsubishi | Edi Orioli | Cagiva |
| 10 | Björn Waldegård | Peugeot | Alessandro De Petri [it] | Cagiva |
| 11 | Ari Vatanen | Peugeot | Carlos Mas Samora [es] | Yamaha |
| 12 | Kenjiro Shinozuka | Mitsubishi | Jordi Arcarons | Cagiva |
| 13 | Philippe Wambergue | Peugeot | Gilles Picard | Yamaha |
| 14 | Björn Waldegård | Peugeot | Alessandro De Petri [it] | Cagiva |
| 15 | Jacky Ickx | Lada | Roberto Mandelli | Gilera |
| 16 | Philippe Wambergue | Peugeot | Gilles Picard | Yamaha |
| 17 | Andrew Cowan | Mitsubishi | Gaston Rahier | Suzuki |
| 18 | Philippe Wambergue | Peugeot | Franco Picco | Yamaha |
# Quercygale

Quercygale ("weasel from Quercy") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from the clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in Europe during the early to late Eocene.

## Relation to other taxa

Currently, Quercygale is either assigned to no family (i. e. it is just classified as one of the basal genera of Carnivoraformes) or it is assigned to the paraphyletic family Miacidae. Phylogenetic analysis of the basicranial morphology of carnivoramorphans suggests that Quercygale is the most advanced member of the clade Carnivoraformes as a sister taxon to crown-clade Carnivora, predating the split between Feliformia and Caniformia. Another recent study, however, has proposed that the genus Quercygale should be placed as a stem group within Feliformia.
In the past (till about 2010), Quercygale was assigned either to the family Miacidae (which was considered monophyletic in the past), or to the family Viverravidae. Only one author (Kretzoi 1945) classified it as the only genus of its own family Quercygalidae (Quercygalidae, however, was considered another name for the family Miacidae by another author). Alternatively, individual authors considered Quercygale to be a basal genus of Caniformia or a synonym of the genus Tapocyon.

## Species

Genus: †Quercygale (Kretzoi, 1945) :
| Species: | Distribution of the species and type locality: | Age: |
| †Q. angustidens (Filhol, 1872) | France (Quercy Phosphorites and Sables Du Castrais) | 40.0–37.5 Ma |
| †Q. hastingsae (Davies, 1884) | UK (Headon Bedes) | 37.8–37.5 Ma |
| †Q. helvetica (Rütimeyer, 1862) | France Germany Switzerland | 47.8–41.2 Ma |
| †Q. smithi (Solé, 2014) | France (Mutigny and Mancy) | 55.2–47.8 Ma |
| †Q. sp. [MNNA 9010] (Astibia, 2000) | Spain (Basque Country) | 37.0–35.0 Ma |
# Three Rings Design

Three Rings Design, Inc. was an American video game developer based in San Francisco. It was founded on March 30, 2001, by Daniel James and Michael Bayne. The company was named in honor of the Three Rings of the Elven-kings in Tolkien mythology.

## History

The company's first product was Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates, a skill-based open-world MMOG in which player is tasked with action puzzle games corresponding to tasks of piracy, crafting and carousing. The player joins a crew to sail with other players and participates in a player-driven trading economy.
The company's second product, released December 1, 2006, was a western-themed Tactical Multi Player game named Bang! Howdy.
Whirled, the company's third virtual world, was a player-created content platform using Adobe Flash and HTML5. Whirled allowed creators to list virtual goods such as avatars, in-world toys or game content and earn real-world currency from the system. Whirled went into beta testing in 2008 and became unavailable in April 2017.
Three Rings created a number of Flash games for Whirled, notably Corpse Craft, which was later released on iPad. In 2010 the studio tested Facebook games including The Everything Game, a collectible card game.
Spiral Knights was the company's fourth MMOG, launched in April 2011. Spiral Knights is an action-adventure world where players cooperate to defeat the denizens of The Clockworks, a mysterious ever-changing maze.
In 2011 the studio launched Doctor Who: Worlds in Time, in partnership with BBC Worldwide.
Three Rings was an independent developer from its founding in 2001 until 2011 when it was acquired by SEGA of Japan. The company had been funded by the founders, revenue from Puzzle Pirates and other games, and investors including True Ventures. Following the acquisition, the studio operated as a label within SEGA until March 2016, when SEGA closed Three Rings as part of a wider reduction in its San Francisco R&D staff.
Puzzle Pirates and Spiral Knights remain operational under the banner of Grey Havens, a small crew that seeks to keep the games operational for as long as feasible.

## Games

* Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates
* Bang! Howdy
* Whirled (open beta as of March 25, 2008, closed April 2017)
* Corpse Craft: Incident at Weardd Academy
* Spiral Knights
* Doctor Who: Worlds in Time

## Game Gardens and open source code

Shortly after the launch of Puzzle Pirates, Three Rings Design open-sourced substantial parts of the underlying technology for creating multi-user virtual worlds, available on GitHub. The company created a site called Game Gardens which hosted free tools for creating and playing Java games using these libraries, a precursor to Whirled, which allowed players to upload client and server-side AS3 (Adobe Flash) code to create complex multiplayer games.