OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chandler Davidson

Franklin Chandler Davidson (May 13, 1936 – April 10, 2021) was a professor of public policy and expert on voting rights at Rice University.
Chandler served in the U.S. Navy from 1959-1961, received a degree in philosophy (1961) from the University of Texas, and went on to receive a M.A. and Ph.D. in sociology from Princeton University. He later co-founded the sociology department at Rice University.
For his research, he conducted numerous recorded interviews of Texas politicians, and was asked to testify as an expert before the U.S. Congress on voting issues. His work with political scientist Bernard Grofman and 30 other researchers studied the impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 in the Southern United States, and led to the publication of the book, Quiet Revolution in the South, (1994).
Rice holds his collection of papers and research materials.

## Work

* Biracial Politics : Conflict and Coalition in the Metropolitan South (1972)
* Minority Vote Dilution (1984), editor
* Quiet Revolution in the South co-written with Bernard Grofman
* Controversies in Minority Voting: The Voting Rights Act in Perspective with Bernard Grofman
* Race and Class in Texas Politics
# Suzanne Harmes

Suzanne Helena Johanna Harmes (born 10 January 1986 in Zoetermeer) is a Dutch gymnast.
In 2002, she won the silver medal at the European Championships in Patras as a part of the Dutch team alongside Verona van de Leur, Gabriella Wammes, Renske Endel and Monique Nuijten. A year later she became Dutch National Champion for the first time in her career. Harmes represented the Netherlands at the 2004 Summer Olympics. At the 2005 World Championships in Melbourne she won the bronze medal at the floor exercise, finishing behind Alicia Sacramone and Nastia Liukin. Earlier that year she won the gold medal at the Gymnastics World Cup Championships meeting in Maribor. At the same meeting she also won a silver medal at the beam and a bronze medal at vault.
She withdrew from the 2006 World Championship in Aarhus due to pregnancy. On 24 May 2007 Harmes became mother of her first child, son Lugano. She started competing in the sport again and in June 2008 she qualified herself into the Dutch Olympic team for the 2008 Summer Olympics, placing 32nd in qualifications, but did not advance to any finals.
# Johan Anders Linder

Johan Anders Linder (20 November 1783 – 1 January 1877) was a Swedish clergyman who was also an artist, a writer and an architect in Umeå.

## Life

Linder was born in Bygdeå on 20 November 1783. His father died and his mother brought him up to be a minister. He obtained his first position in Umeå as a minister in northern Sweden in 1811. Linder and his wife were involved in the social life of the town where they lived and Linder also obtained work as an architect. Linder was also an accomplished artist. Baggböle manor, which he designed in 1846 as residence for the managing director of the water powered sawmill at Baggböle, is a wooden building made to look like a stone mansion.
Linder obtained other commissions in the 1840s and 1850s for more buildings. The mansion he had built in 1846 was made a listed building in 1964. The former manager's mansion is now near an arboretum and the house is used for conferences and as a restaurant.
Linder later designed a similar mansion to the one he designed at Baggböle saw mill but at Dalkarlså Folk High School (now Umeå Folk High School) in 1849.
Linder was also a writer, and a series of essays he wrote entitled On Swedish Lapp Territories and Their Inhabitants recorded some important cultural texts for the Sami people. The articles he wrote were published between 1849 and 1854. He quoted from a text titled Päiven Pārne (Sons of the Sun; in Sami, Beaivvi bártnit), which had been written by Anders Fjellner, the Sami priest at Sorsele. Linder's publication was important and it was quickly re-published in Swedish, English, Finnish and German. None of the original texts belonging to Fjellner survived, making Linder's publication important.
Linder died in Umeå parish on the New Year's Day of 1877, at the age of 93.
# Oleg Lebedev (politician, born 1976)

Oleg Alexandrovich Lebedev (Russian: Олег Александрович Лебедев; born 12 October 1976, Tula, Russia) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.
From 1996 to 2000, From 1996 to 2000, he worked at various enterprises in Tula as an economist, manager, deputy director. In 1997, Lebedev joined the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In 2001, he was elected the first secretary of the Tula branch of the party. In 2014, he headed the branch. On 1 October 2000 he was elected deputy of the Tula Oblast Duma. In 2004 and 2009, he was re-elected for the Tula Oblast Duma of the 4th and 5th convocations, respectively. On 27 January 2012 he received a vacant mandate for the 6th State Duma following the death of Deputy Vasily Starodubtsev. In 2016 and 2021, he was re-elected for the 7th and 8th State Dumas, respectively.
He was sanctioned by the United Kingdom in 2022 in relation to activities of Russia in Ukraine.
# Bad Girls (Donna Summer song)

"Bad Girls" is a song by American singer and songwriter Donna Summer from her 1979 seventh studio album of the same name. Casablanca Records released it as the album's second single on June 23, 1979. The song was produced by Summer's regular collaborators Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte, and co-written by Summer and the members of Brooklyn Dreams, Bruce Sudano, Joe "Bean" Esposito and Edward "Eddie" Hokenson.
"Bad Girls" was a massive success, peaking within the Top 10 of the charts in seven countries, including New Zealand and Spain. In the United States, it spent five weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, from the weeks of July 14 to August 11, 1979, and sold over two million copies, simultaneously becoming, alongside "Hot Stuff", her most successful single. It helped the Bad Girls album to reach multi-platinum status in the United States.

## Background and recording

The inspiration for Summer to write "Bad Girls" came after one of her assistants was offended by a police officer who thought she was a prostitute. A rough version of the song had originally been written a couple of years before its release. Casablanca Records' founder Neil Bogart, upon hearing it, wanted Summer to give it to Cher. Summer refused and put it away for a couple of years.
A 12-inch version of "Bad Girls" was released as a medley with "Hot Stuff". Although "Hot Stuff" was extended for the release, "Bad Girls" remained in the original full-length album version. A demo version of "Bad Girls" was released on the deluxe edition of the Bad Girls album.

## Critical reception

Billboard magazine called "Bad Girls" a "brassy disco track, which features party sounding production embellishments like hems and whistles." Record World magazine said that Summer's "sultry reading is perfect for the threatening street theme."

## Awards and nominations

"Bad Girls" was nominated for Favorite Pop/Rock Single, and won for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist, at the American Music Awards of 1980. Summer was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Disco Recording at the 22nd Annual Grammy Awards.

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 150,000$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 250,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 2,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Bad Habits (Usher song)

"Bad Habits" is a song by American singer Usher. It was released as a single on September 10, 2020, via RCA Records. The song was written by Usher, Pierre Medor, Theron Thomas, and Keith Thomas, and samples Zapp's 1986 hit song "Computer Love". It was produced by Lxrd Rossi and Medor. A music video for the song, directed by Chris Robinson, was released simultaneously with the single.

## Background and release

"Bad Habits" is Usher's fourth song release of 2020, following the singles "I Cry", "SexBeat", and "Don't Waste My Time" featuring Ella Mai. Both "Don't Waste My Time" and "Bad Habits" peaked at number one on the Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart. The music video on YouTube has received over 35 million views as of May 2024.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Bad Habits" :
| Chart (2020–2021) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 84 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 17 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 49 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Bad Habits" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Western New Mexico Correctional Facility

The Western New Mexico Correctional Facility is a prison in Grants, New Mexico, United States. It is operated by the New Mexico Corrections Department and consists of two separate facilities, one each for male and female inmates.

## Notable inmates

* Hannah Gutierrez-Reed
# Thomas Fox (dermatologist)

Thomas Colcott Fox (13 June 1849 – 11 April 1916) was an English first-class cricketer and dermatologist.
The eighth son of physician Luther Owen Fox, he was born in June 1849 at Broughton, Hampshire. He was educated at both Queenwood College and University College School, before matriculating to Peterhouse, Cambridge. In graduated in 1872, before going onto further his studies in medicine at Queens' College, Cambridge and the University of London, obtaining his Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in 1876. It was during his medical studies that Fox played first-class cricket for Hampshire in 1875, against Kent at Catford, and Sussex at Hove. He scored 10 runs in these two matches, and bowled seven wicketless overs. One of Fox's earliest medical appointment was as medical superintendent at the Fulham Smallpox Hospital. Having obtained his MRCP in 1883, Fox was elected a fellow in 1892.
He later specialised in and gained prominence as a dermatologist, becoming physician for diseases of the skin at Westminster Hospital and visiting dermatologist for the Ringworm School of the Metropolitan Asylums Board. He held additional positions at the Victoria Hospital for Children and the St. George and St. James's Dispensary, and was a consultant physician to the skin department at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital. Alongside his brother, William Tilbury Fox, he authored the Epitome of Skin Diseases in 1876, as well as contributing dermatology articles to publications, including Allbutt's System of Medicine. The standard author abbreviation Fox is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. In 1889 he introduced the term figurate erythema. It was noted in his obituary in The Lancet that "he influenced British dermatology more powerfully than any of his contemporaries". He had married the Scotswoman Ida Mary Hay-Newton in 1890. In later life, he was disabled by illness and spent the last years of his life in retirement. Fox died at Westminster on 11 April 1916.
# Luke Tilley

Luke Tilley FRES FRSA (born 8 January 1983) is a British entomologist and science communicator. He is Director of Communications and Engagement at the Royal Entomological Society and Insect Week Coordinator in the UK.

## Education and career

Tilley is from Cheshire and studied his biology undergraduate degree at the University of Sheffield graduating in 2005. He received his Ph.D from the University of York in 2010, studying the parasitoid wasps of shore flies in lettuce and celery crop glasshouses. He then worked as a research manager at Stockbridge Technology Centre (formerly Horticulture Research International) while coordinating Insect Week. In 2012 he joined the Royal Entomological Society to work as Director of Outreach and Development, moving to chief executive officer in 2018, and Director of Communications and Engagemenent in 2021.

## Research

Tilley's research looked at the parasitoid wasp Aphaereta debilitata as a biological control agent of the shore fly Scatella tenuicosta, a pest in glasshouse crop soil. He found that the wasps reduced numbers of flies emerging from soil and subsequently there was a decrease in lettuce damage levels. He also found that levels of algae growing on the soil were negatively correlated with A debilitata and concluded that growers should encourage algal growth, as part of a conservation biological control programme.
He has also been involved in research on the interactions between beneficial insects such as hoverflies and parasitoid wasps and in finding gaps in knowledge about the conservation of beneficial insects

## Science Communication

As well as National Insect Week, Tilley coordinates other outreach activities such as Insect Festival, the Great Bug Hunt which runs in collaboration with The Association for Science Education and is editor of INSTAR with Adam Hart.
He has organised international symposia on insects and the public, is an expert contributor to the Guinness Book of World Records and has written about insects for a range of different publications including the National Association of Environmental Education. In 2013 he contributed to a panel on literature and science at the British Society of Literature and Science's annual meeting.

## Honours and awards

In 2011 Tilley was awarded Fellowship of the Royal Entomological Society and in 2020 he was awarded Fellowship of the Royal Society of Arts.
# It's Bigger Than Hip Hop

It's Bigger Than Hip Hop: The Rise of the Post-Hip-Hop Generation is a creative non-fiction book by M. K. Asante. It's Bigger Than Hip Hop employs hip hop culture as a vehicle to explore important social and political issues facing the hip hop and post-hip hop generations.

## Title

The title is a nod to rap group Dead Prez's song "Hip Hop".

## Critical reception

The book received very positive critical reviews from press outlets and the hip hop community. It was selected as a Top Book of the Year by the Kansas City Star.
Ari Bloomekatz of The Los Angeles Times wrote:
   An empowering book that moves you to action and to question status quo America. Reading It's Bigger Than Hip Hop is motoring through a new generation of America with one of its best storytellers.
Chuck D of Public Enemy wrote:
   A fantastic book! M.K. Asante, Jr. combines drive, skill and a commitment that buoys us all. The hip hop community should feel extremely blessed to have those qualities attached to its forward movement.
Jennifar Zarr in Library Journal wrote:
   Asante expertly blends historical information about hip-hop and the civil rights movement with personal narrative, interviews with artists, and quotations from civil rights leaders and classic poetry to create an original and daring work.
Hip Hop Weekly wrote:
   This is the book that many of us have been waiting for. The wisdom and overstanding he exemplifies in this work will astound the reader as he opens a third eye and breaks it all down. Extremely well-researched, well documented and very well written, this book is well paced and will have no difficulty holding the reader's attention.
# Cred (disambiguation)

Cred is sometimes used to refer to credibility.
Cred or CRED may also refer to:
* Cred (company), an Indian financial services company
* Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, at the University of Louvain, Belgium
* Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities, established in 2020 in the United Kingdom
* also known as CRUD (U for Update)
# Mike Salinas (American football)

Michael Salinas (born c. 1976) is an American athletic director and former college football coach. He is the athletic director for Texas A&M University–Kingsville, a position he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach for Robert Vela High School from 2012 to 2017, Weslaco High School from 2018 to 2019, and Texas A&M–Kingsville from 2020 to 2024. He also coached for Flour Bluff High School, Robstown Bluff High School, West Texas A&M, Sam Houston State, Harlingen High School South, and Hardin–Simmons. He played college football for Texas A&M–Kingsville as a linebacker.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas (Lone Star Conference) (2020–2024) ||||||
| 2020–21 | Texas A&M–Kingsville | 0–2 | 0–0 | N/A | |
| 2021 | Texas A&M–Kingsville | 5–5 | 3–4 | T–5th | |
| 2022 | Texas A&M–Kingsville | 7–5 | 5–4 | T–3rd | L Heritage |
| 2023 | Texas A&M–Kingsville | 7–3 | 5–3 | 4th | |
| 2024 | Texas A&M–Kingsville | 7–4 | 6–3 | T–3rd | |
| Texas A&M–Kingsville: | Texas A&M–Kingsville: | 26–19 | 19–14 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 26–19 | | | |

### High school

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Robert Vela Saber Cats (2012–2017) ||||||
| 2012 | Robert Vela | 1–10 | 0–10 | 8th | |
| 2013 | Robert Vela | 5–5 | 4–4 | 5th | |
| 2014 | Robert Vela | 10–2 | 5–1 | 2nd | 5A D1 Second Round |
| 2015 | Robert Vela | 12–1 | 6–0 | 1st | 5A D1 Regionals |
| 2016 | Robert Vela | 9–2 | 7–0 | 1st | 6A D2 First Round |
| 2017 | Robert Vela | 12–1 | 7–0 | 1st | L 6A D2 Regionals |
| Robert Vela: | Robert Vela: | 49–21 | 29–15 | | |
| Weslaco Panthers (2018–2019) ||||||
| 2018 | Weslaco | 11–2 | 5–1 | 2nd | L 6A D1 Regionals |
| 2019 | Weslaco | 10–3 | 5–1 | 2nd | L 6A D1 Regionals |
| Weslaco: | Weslaco: | 21–5 | 10–2 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 70–26 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Zephyr (band)

Zephyr was an American hard rock band formed in 1968 in Boulder, Colorado by guitarist Tommy Bolin, keyboardist John Faris, bass guitarist David Givens, drummer Robbie Chamberlin, and vocalist Candy Givens. The band's first release, Zephyr (sometimes referred to as the bathtub album), on ABC/Probe reached #48 on the Billboard 200 chart on March 14, 1970. Zephyr made an appearance on American Bandstand on 1/31/70 lip syncing to "Cross the River". Although the charismatic performances by Candy Givens were the focal point for the band, the flashy guitar work of Bolin is what the band is best remembered for.
When Bolin left after the band's second release Going Back to Colorado, he was replaced by Jock Bartley, and the band recorded the album Sunset Ride, their second for Warner Brothers Records. On Sunset Ride, Candy Givens displayed her gifts as a singer, composer, and harmonica player. The album was produced by David Givens, who wrote most of the songs. As a result of his stint with Zephyr, Bartley went on to a successful career with Gram Parsons and Firefall. Drummer Michael Wooten went on to play for several years with Carole King and was a founding member of the jam band Leftover Salmon. Various versions of Zephyr continued to play in Colorado until Candy Givens died of a drug and alcohol overdose in Boulder on 27 January 1984 at the age of 37. The release of "Heartbeat" in 1982 was promoted with a music video that incorporated early examples of computer animation combined with live action.
Other Zephyr members include Otis Taylor, who played bass during the mid-1970s, Kenny Wilkins (drums), John Oliver drums, guitarist Zack Smith (founder of the band Scandal), and Eddie Turner, who played guitar in the last version of the band during the early 1980s. Candy and David Givens, Bolin, and Faris were founding members of the Legendary 4Nikators. Taylor and Turner were later additions to band. Taylor was noted for playing motorcycle on stage during "Leader of the Pack" and performing in a kilt and Turner for his renditions of Jimi Hendrix songs.
In 2014, David Givens and record producer Greg Hampton released a limited edition boxed set that included a remastered version of the "bathtub" album, two albums of live material (most of it previously unreleased), and a booklet with liner notes by Givens and photos from his private collection. The band was inducted into the Colorado Music Hall of Fame in 2019.

## Discography

* Zephyr (1969)
* Going Back to Colorado (1971)
* Sunset Ride (1972)
* Zephyr Heartbeat (1982)

### Live albums

* Zephyr Live At Art's Bar And Grill May 2, 1973 (1997)

### Compilations

* Zephyr (2002)
* ZEPHYR Going Back To Colorado Sunset Ride (2015 BGO Records)
# Don James (executive)

Don James is an American video game executive, and served as the Executive Vice President of Operations for Nintendo of America from August 10, 1981 until his retirement on August 10, 2024.
As a key member of the team led by Howard Lincoln and Minoru Arakawa, James played a critical role in the reintroduction of home video game consoles in North America after the video game crash of 1983, when the Nintendo Entertainment System spawned a late-1980s rebirth of video games. After the collapse of the home video game industry in 1983–84, retailers and press widely agreed that "video game consoles are dead, and the computer game industry is a niche market which mass market retailers should ignore". Arakawa, Lincoln and James coordinated the introduction of the NES while struggling to overcome that skepticism, and ultimately paved the way for Nintendo (and, to a lesser extent, Sega and Atari) to rebuild the multibillion-dollar industry during the last half of the decade.
James joined Nintendo of America in August 1981, and his employment with the company has now spanned over 40 years. He has been responsible for manufacturing, product development, and design for both coin-op and home games such as Tin Star.
James participated in organizing and creating the Interactive Digital Software Association (later renamed the Entertainment Software Association) and was a leader in the creation of the Electronic Entertainment Expo trade show for the video game industry, the largest event of its kind in the world. He still sits on the advisory committee of the ESA.
He also helped to create the Entertainment Software Rating Board rating system and currently sits on the Advisory Committee for the ESRB. The ratings system was designed in response to concerns from the United States Congress about violence and other content in video games that was inappropriate for younger players. James has been a key figure in Nintendo's conservative approach to such mature game content.
James has been a member of the board of directors of the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS) since the inception of the organization. On February 13, 2025, James received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the AIAS during the 28th Annual D.I.C.E. Awards.
# Wilfred Codrington

Wilfred U. Codrington III (born March 6, 1983) is an American legal scholar who is an associate professor at Cardozo Law School and previously a fellow at the Brennan Center for Justice. A specialist in constitution law, election law, and voting rights, Codrington is a regular contributor to The Atlantic.

## Education

Codrington earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Brown University, a Master of Public Administration from the University of Pennsylvania, and a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School.

## Career

Codrington served as a law clerk for Judge Deborah Batts. He also worked as a legislative assistant and counsel in the office of Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. After graduating from law school, he worked as an associate attorney at DLA Piper. Codrington was the Bernard and Anne Spitzer Fellow at the Brennan Center for Justice. He also worked as a professor in the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service. He later joined Brooklyn Law School. Codrington writes about election reform and voting rights for The Atlantic. In 2021, Codrington co-authored, with John F. Kowal, The People’s Constitution. Codrington has also been featured as a guest on KDNK.