OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gentilino

Gentilino is a village and former municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, close to Lake Lugano and the city of Lugano.
The local Church of Sant'Abbondio (in Italian: Chiesa di Sant'Abbondio a Gentilino - not to be confused with the Swiss municipality of Sant'Abbondio above Lake Maggiore, or the Basilica of Sant'Abbondio in Lombardy, Italy) is noteworthy for dating from the eleventh century. The cemetery of Sant'Abbondio is the resting place of Hugo Ball, Bruno Walter, and Hermann Hesse. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
In 2004, the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Agra and Montagnola to form a new and larger municipality Collina d'Oro.

## History

Gentilino is first mentioned in 1210 as Gentarino.
In the Early Middle Ages, Gentilino belonged to the royal court of Agnuzzo, which was donated in 818 by Emperor Louis the Pious to the clergy of Como. During the 11th century it belonged to the monastery of S. Abbondio in Como. The union of the monastic estates in 1335 probably led to the creation of the Concilium Sancti Abundii which included Gentilino and Viglio as well as Montagnola and the surrounding villages. In the early 18th century, the village wanted to buy the monastery's rights to the village. However, this triggered a long-running dispute, in which the canton was eventually involved.
It is believed that the church of S. Abbondio was the center of a medieval parish, which became a sub-parish in the 11th century. However, the first written record of the church dates from 1140. The current appearance is due to an enlargement in the 17th century.
In the past centuries, the population lived mainly from agriculture, but there was also a large exodus of builders (known as Maestranze). Recently, it has grown into a bedroom community for the nearby city of Lugano.

## Location

Until the merger, it included the north side of the Collina d'Oro valley, and the settlement of Viglio.
A pre-primary school is located in Gentilino.

## Historic population

The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Tepidanaerobacteraceae

Tepidanaerobacteraceae is a family of Gram positive bacteria in the class Clostridia.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Tepidanaerobacteraceae Biomaibacter Tepidanaerobacter | Tepidanaerobacteraceae Biomaibacter Zhang et al. 2019 Tepidanaerobacter Sekiguchi et al. 2006 |
# Hemibarbus mylodon

Hemibarbus mylodon is a species of freshwater belonging to the familyGobionidae, the gudgeons. This fish is endemic to Korea. It is commonly called spotted barbel or Korean doty barbel. It inhabits the upper stream of Imjin, Han and Geum River. As of 2008, it is classified as endangered species.
H. mylodon is benthopelagic. It has 3–7 dorsal soft rays and 3–5 anal soft rays. The fish has a peculiarity of building a tower of pebbles and sand to protect its eggs.

## Gallery

* Hemibarbus mylodon
# Mkfs

In computer operating systems, mkfs is a command used to format a block storage device with a specific file system. The command is part of Unix and Unix-like operating systems. In Unix, a block storage device must be formatted with a file system before it can be mounted and accessed through the operating system's filesystem hierarchy.

## History

The command was originally implemented in the first version of Unix as a method to initialize either a DECtape (using the "t" argument) or an RK03 disk pack (using the "r" argument). The initialization process would write formatting data to the device so that it contained an empty file system. It created the super-block, i-list, and free list on the storage device and established the root directory with entries for "." and ".." (self and parent, respectively). The RK03 disk packs had 4872 available blocks after initialization, while the tapes had 578 blocks (at 512 bytes/block). The mkfs executable was kept in the /etc directory instead of a binary directory so it would not be inadvertently called and destroy information.
Later implementations of Unix-like operating systems included the mkfs command, including HP-UX, Minix, SunOS and Linux.

## Syntax

The basic syntax of the command, which is common to all modern implementations, is:
where 'fs type' is the type of the filesystem and 'device' is the target UNIX device to write the filesystem data to. Usually the "device" is a drive partition. Often the command is simply a wrapper for another command that performs the formatting for a specific file system. For example,
would call the command mke2fs while passing along the appropriate arguments to format the device /dev/sda1 with the ext3 filesystem. The default options for the command are stored in the file mke2fs.conf, usually in the /etc directory. Depending on the implementation and the specific file system requested, the command may have many options that can be specified such as inode size, block size, volume label, and other features. (See file system for details)
The filesystem-specific commands that mkfs calls may be invoked directly by the user from the command line. In Linux, the convention has been to name the filesystem-specific commands as: mkfs.<fs-type>. Where <fs-type> is an abbreviation for the file system, e.g., mkfs.ext2, mkfs.msdos, mkfs.minix, etc. File systems supported by the command vary by implementation and include: MSDOS, SCO bfs, CPM, ext2, ext3, ext4, minix, fat (vfat), HFS, VXFS, RF disk, RK disk, DECtape, and NTFS.
# The Shadow (underground newspaper)

The Shadow is an underground newspaper published in the Lower East Side of New York City since 1989. The paper focuses on investigative journalism.

## Founding

The Shadow is an anarchist newspaper. It was founded in 1989 reaction to the way that events in the Lower East Side, including the Tompkins Square Park Riot, were covered by mainstream media. It also grew out of a long tradition of underground press in New York City's Lower East Side. The newspaper was founded by Chris Flash. Paul DeRienzo and Frank Morales have been contributing writers.

## Activities

The newspaper has focused on issues central to the Lower East Side including squats, gentrification, and struggles against placing a curfew on Tomkins Square Park. It paused publishing in 2008 and returned in August, 2013.
In addition to publishing a newspaper, Chris Flash and The Shadow have organized concerts in Tompkins Square Park.
# Eli Zizov

Eliyahu "Eli" Zizov (Hebrew: אלי זיזוב; born 30 January 1991) is an Israeli footballer.

## Early life

Zizov was born in Beer Sheva, Israel, to a Jewish family. He is of paternal Georgian-Jewish descent.

## Career

When he was six years old, he joined the Maccabi Tel Aviv academy. Zizov had briefly trained with FC Barcelona and was a target of Chelsea F.C., but eventually he joined Levski Sofia, with whom he has already played an official match in the A PFG: against PFC Rodopa Smolyan in April 2007 when he was 16 years, 2 month and 15 days old and thus he became the youngest foreign player making an appearance in the Bulgarian Championship.
Zizov decided to return to Israel, because he refused to sign a contract with PFC Levski Sofia, due to disagreements regarding his salary and playing opportunities.
In January 2010, he made his debut for the Portuguese side Sporting Clube de Braga senior team in a Taça da Liga game against U.D. Leiria.
On 3 July 2011, he signed with the Israeli side Maccabi Tel Aviv.
On 16 November 2013, Zizov signed with Hapoel Acre on a 3 year contract. Acre paid Maccabi 50,000 Shekels for the Israeli.

## Playing style

Zizov can play as a winger, striker or second striker.

## Honours

* A PFG (1):
** 2008–09
# Didymocystis

Didymocystis is a genus of green algae in the family Oocystaceae. It is found in freshwater ponds and lakes, and has been reported from several continents.
Didymocystis consists of two-celled colonies, termed coenobia, embedded in a mucilaginous matrix. The two cells are ellipsoidal, attached to each other by their long axes. The cell wall is smooth or covered in brownish ribs or warts. Cells contain a single, parietal chloroplast. Asexual reproduction occurs by the formation of two or four autospores arranged into one or two coenobia. The coenobia are released by the partial dissolution of the parental cell wall.
Didymocystis is similar to some species of Desmodesmus (formerly Scenedesmus), which can also form 2-celled colonies, but Didymocystis only produces two-celled colonies while Desmodesmus can produce four- or eight-celled colonies (or single cells). Some authors state that Didymocystis is distinguished by the lack of a pyrenoid in the chloroplast. This characteristic is unclear as some sources list Didymocystis as having pyrenoids, but some species have been transferred out of Didymocystis.
# Caroline Bourgeois

Caroline Bourgeois is a Canadian politician, who has been a Montreal City Councillor for the La Pointe-aux-Prairies ward in the borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles since 2009. She has served on the Montreal Executive Committee since June 2013.
She was first elected in the 2009 municipal election as a member of the Vision Montréal party, defeating incumbent councillor Nicolas Montmorency.
# HMS Kentish

One ship of the Royal Navy has borne the name HMS Kentish, while the name Kentish was also borne by a warship of the Commonwealth of England's navy; the name was a variation on the English county of Kent:
* English ship Kentish (1646) was an armed merchantman purchased in 1646 and listed until 1647.
* Kentish was a 46-gun frigate launched in 1652. She was renamed HMS Kent in 1660, and was wrecked in 1672.
# The Shinnston News and Harrison County Journal

The Shinnston News is a newspaper serving Shinnston, West Virginia, and surrounding Harrison County. Published weekly, it has a circulation of 2,782 and is owned by Harrison County Publishing Co.

## History

The News was founded in 1898 as a weekly, and taken over by W. A. Meredith in 1902. In 1909, R.C. Walker came on as editor and manager, with Meredith retaining control. Two other generations of Merediths owned and operated the paper before 1980, when the business was sold to James Jackson and Boyd Dotson.
Since 2014, the publisher is Michael Showell, with Leigh Merrifield as the editor. Merrifield is a fourth generation descendant of W. A. Meredith. Showell is owner of Mountain Media, a Lewisburg newspaper firm which operates a number of papers in West Virginia.

## Awards

In 1999, then publisher Kim Germondo, was named the West Virginia's Media Advocate of the Year by the U.S. Small Business Administration.

## Related Resources

* List of newspapers in West Virginia
# The Devil You Know (L.A. Guns album)

The Devil You Know is the 12th studio album from L.A. Guns. The album was produced by Tracii Guns and released by Frontiers Records on March 29, 2019.

## Background

Tracii Guns stated that after the success of the previous album The Missing Peace they decided to continue with the same metal sound, saying that he drew influence from the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, while also sticking to the band's roots and influences from the 1960s and 1970s. Although Ace Von Johnson is credited on rhythm guitar, he does not play on the album. Tracii Guns plays all the electric guitars on this album.

## Chart performance

"The Devil You Know" reached No. 38 on the Billboard Current Album Sales Chart, No. 45 on the Billboard Album Sales Chart, and No. 10 on the Billboard Independent Album Sales Chart. Neither of the two singles, "Rage" and "Stay Away", released from the album charted.

## Personnel

* Phil Lewis – lead vocals
* Tracii Guns – guitars, backing vocals
* Johnny Martin – bass, backing vocals
* Shane Fitzgibbon – drums

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| US Album Sales (Billboard) | 45 |
| US Current Album Sales (Billboard) | 38 |
| US Independent Album Sales (Billboard) | 10 |
| Japan Oricon Albums Chart | 179 |
# 1944 Lower Hutt mayoral election

The 1944 Lower Hutt mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. The elections were held for the role of Mayor of Lower Hutt plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors, also elected triennially. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

## Background

The incumbent Mayor, Jack Andrews, sought re-election for a sixth term. Andrews was opposed by Labour Party candidate Percy Dowse, a councillor between 1935 and 1938, who had challenged Andrews in 1938. Taking place during a period of rapid population growth in the area, it was the first election after the addition of the new suburbs of Epuni, Waddington and Naenae.

## Mayoral results

1944 Lower Hutt mayoral election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Citizens' | Jack Andrews | 5,347 | 59.16 | +0.23 |
| | Labour | Percy Dowse | 3,616 | 40.02 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 74 | 0.82 | −0.09 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,731 | 19.15 | +0.38 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,037 | 53.15 | +5.46 |

## Councillor results

1944 Lower Hutt City Council election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Citizens' | Stan Dudding | 5,141 | 56.88 | +1.28 |
| Citizens' | William Gregory | 4,588 | 50.76 | −0.77 |
| Citizens' | Ernst Peterson Hay | 4,564 | 50.50 | −1.32 |
| Citizens' | Herbert Muir | 4,484 | 49.61 | −0.68 |
| Citizens' | Gordon Giesen | 4,391 | 48.58 | −4.53 |
| Citizens' | Frederick Seymour Hewer | 4,390 | 48.57 | −2.89 |
| Labour | Harry Horlor | 4,318 | 47.78 | |
| Citizens' | Eric Rothwell | 4,210 | 46.58 | |
| Citizens' | Frank Lonsdale | 4,127 | 45.66 | |
| Citizens' | John Barker Young | 4,125 | 45.64 | |
| Citizens' | Gordon Hector Phillips | 3,980 | 44.04 | |
| Citizens' | Horace George Lewis | 3,878 | 42.91 | |
| Labour | Bella Logie | 3,859 | 42.70 | +4.70 |
| Labour | David Pritchard | 3,844 | 42.53 | |
| Labour | John Vernon Burton | 3,723 | 41.19 | |
| Citizens' | Arthur John Hyder | 3,714 | 41.09 | |
| Labour | Sam Chesney | 3,692 | 40.85 | |
| Labour | James McDonald | 3,515 | 38.89 | |
| Labour | Frank Hall | 3,502 | 38.75 | −2.40 |
| Labour | James W.R. Gibbons | 3,339 | 36.94 | |
| Labour | Marmaduke McTaggart | 3,257 | 36.04 | |
| Labour | Chen Werry | 3,216 | 35.58 | |
| Labour | Harold Burton Wakerley | 2,999 | 33.18 | |
| Labour | Alfred Robert Darkins | 2,975 | 32.92 | |
| Independent | Norm Croft | 2,664 | 29.47 | |
| Independent | Briton Matthews | 2,002 | 22.15 | |
| Independent | John Bertram Grey | 1,793 | 19.84 | |
| Independent | Aden Seafield Lyons | 680 | 7.52 | |
Table footnotes:
* ↑ Young resigned in December 1946 and was replaced by Harry Shearer via appointment.
# John Atkinson (clergyman)

John Atkinson (December 6, 1835, Deerfield, New York - December 8, 1897, Haverstraw, New York) was an American Methodist clergyman and historian. He wrote histories of Methodism, and the hymn "We Shall Meet Beyond the River".

## Biography

He became a preacher at 18 years of age and served in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He filled pulpits in New Jersey (Newark, Jersey City); Chicago; Bay City, Michigan; and finally Haverstraw, New York; after another pass through Newark and Jersey City.

## Works

Works deriving from his pastoral experience:
* The Living Way (1856)
* The Garden of Sorrows (1868)
* The Class Leader (1875)
Histories:
* Memorials of Methodism in New Jersey (1860)
* The Centennial History of American Methodism, 1784-1816 (1884)
* The History of the Wesleyan Movement in America and of the Establishment Therein of Methodism (1896)
# Suzanne Décarie

Suzanne Décarie is a Canadian politician, who has been a Montreal City Councillor for the Pointe-aux-Trembles ward in the borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles since 2009.
She was first elected to city council in 2009 as a member of the Vision Montréal party, following a stint as the same district's representative on the borough council. She briefly served as interim borough mayor of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles in 2010, between the resignation of Joe Magri and the election of Chantal Rouleau.
However, she left the Vision Montréal caucus to sit as an independent councillor on May 30, 2013, indicating that she will run for reelection in the 2013 election as part of Équipe Denis Coderre.
# It's Already Written

It's Already Written is the only studio album by American contemporary R&B singer Houston. It was released by Capitol Records on August 10, 2004 in the United States. Production was handled by Ralph B. Stacy, Roy "Royalty" Hamilton, Ben Daka, Blaze Da Track, Burton Paul, Jazze Pha, Michael Angelo Saulsberry, Mischke Butler, Soulshock and Karlin, The Trak Starz and The Underdogs. It's Already Written features guest appearances from Chingy, Don Yute, I-20, Jazze Pha, LeToya and Nate Dogg.
The album peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard 200 and also reached number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It was eventually certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on September 21, 2004. The album spawned two singles and music videos for "I Like That" and "Ain't Nothing Wrong," the former of which became a top five hit in New Zealand and Switzerland and peaked at number 11 on both the UK Singles Chart and US Billboard Hot 100.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic editor David Jeffries found that "it's doubtful that the title is intentionally ironic, but with the usual combination of slow jams, interludes, and club tracks, It's Already Written does sound like it could have been written for anybody [...] A little more personality next time would be beneficial, but for now Houston's just a great singer with a killer single and a handful of decent tracks."

## Track listing

Notes
* denotes remix producer(s)

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for It's Already Written :
| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 83 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 77 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 50 |
| US Billboard 200 | 14 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 8 |

## Certifications

Sales and certifications for It's Already Written :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Fantom of the Fair

The Fantom of the Fair is one of the earliest published Golden Age superheroes. He debuted in Centaur Publications' Amazing Mystery Funnies vol. 2, #7 (cover-dated July 1939), the overall 11th issue of that title. He premiered, according to cover dates, the same month as DC Comics' Sandman, Fox Publications' The Flame, and Centaur's Masked Marvel. He was created by Paul Gustavson, who had previously created the Arrow for Centaur.
His early adventures are set fighting threats at the 1939 New York World's Fair. He lives in a subterranean chamber under the Fair, and he travels via secret trap doors placed around the fairgrounds. He spots criminals by using his "crimetracking televisor". During the time between the 1939 and 1940 Fair seasons, he travels in a series of stories set outside the Fair. He was often shown during these outside stories in a simple suit, with a hat brim hiding his features.
He was originally clad in an all-black hood and bodysuit, with a purple cape, but soon adopted an open-faced cowl and red cape around the close of the 1939 Fair season. The Fantom was seldom displayed with overt powers, but demonstrated the ability to tamper with people's memories and displayed incredible strength in his initial appearance. His first adventure showed an ancient book that indicated that the Fantom had lived in Iceland 1000 years ago.
The Fantom of the Fair appeared through Amazing Mystery Comics vol. 3, #8 (Sept. 1940). In this final issue, he was called Fantoman, because by this time the World's Fair had ended.
His adventures were reprinted in Amazing Adventure Funnies #1 (June 1940) and in Fantoman #2–4 (Aug.-Dec. 1940). Other artists on the series included Frank Thomas, Harry Sahle, and writer George Kapitan.

## Other versions

A villainous character based on the Fantom of the Fair, the "Phantom of the Fair", appeared in a revised version of the Golden Age Sandman's origin in DC Comics Secret Origins Vol. 2 #7 (October 1986), and received a character profile in Who's Who: Update '87 Vol 1 #4 (November 1987). A more murderous incarnation of this version later appeared in Sandman Mystery Theatre #41–44.
Malibu Comics revived the character under the name Gravestone. Little is known about the mysterious Gravestone other than that he appears to be hundreds, possibly thousands, of years old. He comes and goes at will, favoring the cloaking shelter of night and shadows.
# Maurie Gordon

Maurice George Gordon (2 April 1926 – 29 June 2016) was a New Zealand competitive rifle shooter who won a gold medal representing his country at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in Christchurch.

## Early life and family

Born in Napier on 2 April 1926, Gordon was the son of Molly Gordon and her husband, George Gordon, a butcher. He left school when he was 13, joining his father's beekeeping business. In 1948, Goron married Cynthia Weekes, and the couple went on to have three children.

## Shooting

Gordon won the Ballinger Belt at the New Zealand rifle shooting championships, representing the Okawa Rifle Club, on three occasions: in 1951, 1953 and 1970. He finished second on a further four occasions.
He also represented his country at three Commonwealth Games in the individual fullbore rifle competition. At the 1974 British Commonwealth Games he won the gold medal, while he placed sixth at both the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and 1978 Commonwealth Games.
Gordon represented New Zealand in the Kolapore Match at the NRA Imperial Meeting in 1953, and as a coach in 1960, 1967 and 1976. In 1976, he won the St George's Vase at the Imperial Meeting at Bisley, the first New Zealander to do so.
Gordon was a mentor to John Hastie when the latter began long-range target shooting at the Okawa Rifle Club in the 1960s. Gordon died in Havelock North on 29 June 2016.

## Later life and death

Gordon took over the family beekeeping business after his father's death in 1977, and retired in 1984. He died at Havelock North on 29 June 2016, having been predeceased by his wife, Cynthia, in 1993. His ashes were buried in Hastings Cemetery.