# List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire

This is a List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire ordered chronologically, including civil wars within the empire.
The earliest form of the Ottoman military was a nomadic steppe cavalry force. This was centralized by Osman I from Turkoman tribesmen inhabiting western Anatolia in the late 13th century. Orhan I organized a standing army paid by salary rather than looting or fiefs. The Ottomans began using guns in the late 14th century.
The Ottoman Empire was the first of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires, followed by Safavid Persia and Mughal India. By the 14th century, the Ottomans had adopted gunpowder artillery. By the time of Sultan Mehmed II, they had been drilled with firearms and became "perhaps the first standing infantry force equipped with firearms in the world." The Janissaries are thus considered the first modern standing army.
The Ottoman Classical Army was the military structure established by Mehmed II. The classical Ottoman army was the most disciplined and feared military force of its time, mainly due to its high level of organization, logistical capabilities and its elite troops. Following a century long reform efforts, this army was forced to disbandment by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 by what is known as Auspicious Incident. By the reign of Mahmud the Second, the elite Janissaries had become corrupt and an obstacle in the way of modernization efforts, meaning they were more of a liability than an asset.

## Rise (1299–1453)

    Ottoman victory
    Ottoman defeat
    Another result
| Date | Conflict | Ottomans (and allies) | Opposition | Result |
| 1285 | Siege of Kulaca Hisar | Kayı tribe | Byzantine Empire | Victory Osman Gazi conquers the Byzantine castle of Kulaca Hisar. |
| 1302 | Battle of Bapheus and Battle of Dimbos | Kayı tribe  Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Victory Kayi tribe transitions into Ottoman Empire. Byzantium loses control over Bithynia and allows gradual Ottoman expansion into Byzantine controlled Asia Minor |
| 1317/1320–1326 | Siege of Bursa | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Victory Ottomans become the major power in Asia Minor |
| 1328–1331 | Siege of Nicaea | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Victory Ottomans conquer Bithynia from Byzantium |
| 1337 | Siege of Nicomedia | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Victory The fall of Nicomedia enabled Orhan to overrun Bithynia and extend Ottoman rule to the eastern shore of the Bosporus. Apart from Constantinople and some territory in Greece, mainly the Peloponnese, the Byzantines were left with an empire in name only. |
| 1345–47 | Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 | Ottoman Empire (1345–1347) John VI Kantakouzenos Serbia (1342–1343) Beylik of Aydin (1342/3–1345) Beylik of Saruhan | John V Palaiologos Anna of Savoy John XIV Kalekas Alexios Apokaukos Zealots of Thessalonica Serbia (1343–1347) Second Bulgarian Empire Principality of Karvuna | Victory Ottoman ally John VI Kantakouzenos defeats regents, and is recognized as senior emperor |
| 1352–57 | Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357 | Ottoman Empire (1345–1347) John VI Kantakouzenos Serbia (1342–1343) Beylik of Aydin (1342/3–1345) Beylik of Saruhan | John V Palaiologos Anna of Savoy John XIV Kalekas Alexios Apokaukos Zealots of Thessalonica Serbia (1343–1347) Second Bulgarian Empire Principality of Karvuna | Partial Defeat John V Palaiologos becomes sole ruler, deposes the Ottoman allies Kantakouzenoi, while Ottomans score major victory over Serbians at Demotika |
| 1354 | Fall of Gallipoli | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Victory Ottoman takeover of Gallipoli John VI Kantakouzenos overthrown as Eastern Roman Emperor Savoyard crusade Europe becomes open to Turkish expansion |
| 1355 | Battle of Ihtiman | Ottoman Empire | Second Bulgarian Empire | Stalemate Heavy losses stall Ottoman advance on Bulgarian capital of Sofia, however Ottomans are able to inflict a crushing blow on Bulgarian. |
| 1362 or 1369 | Ottoman conquest of Adrianople | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Victory Adrianople becomes the New Capital of the Ottoman Empire |
| 1364 | Battle of Sırpsındığı | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Empire Second Bulgarian Empire Wallachia Banate of Bosnia Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages | Victory Ottomans conquer Adrianople and make it new capital |
| 1366–1526 | Ottoman-Hungarian wars Battle of Nicopolis Siege of Golubac Battle of Hermannstadt Battle of Nish (1443) Battle of Zlatitsa Battle of Kunovica Battle of Varna Battle of Kosovo (1448) Battle of Kruševac Siege of Belgrade (1456) Siege of Jajce (1464) Battle of Zvornik (1464) Battle of Vaslui Battle of Breadfield Ottoman conquest of Otranto Battle of Krbava Field Siege of Belgrade (1521) Battle of Mohács | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Principality of Wallachia Principality of Moldavia European allies:  Holy Roman Empire  Papal States  Crown of Aragon  Kingdom of Naples  Republic of Venice  Republic of Genoa Bulgarian Empire Kingdom of France Knights of Rhodes Kingdom of Bosnia Moravian Serbia Serbian Despotate  Duchy of Savoy Kingdom of England Teutonic Order Byzantine Empire  Crown of Castile  Kingdom of Portugal  Kingdom of Navarre | Victory Start of Ottoman–Habsburg wars Destruction of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary and its partition between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs |
| 1371 | Battle of Samokov | Ottoman Empire | Second Bulgarian Empire Moravian Serbia | Victory |
| 1371 | Battle of Maritsa | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Empire | Victory Ottomans conquer parts of Macedonia and Thrace |
| 1371 | Byzantine civil war of 1373–79 | John V Palaiologos Ottoman Empire Republic of Venice | Andronikos IV Palaiologos Savci Bey Republic of Genoa | Victory Byzantine Empire cedes Gallipoli to Ottomans and essentially become Ottoman vassals |
| 1381–1384 | Albanian-Epirote War (1381–84) | Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina Ottoman Empire | Despotate of Arta | Defeat Preljubović, leader of Epirus, appealed for help from the Ottomans and Frank's who provide the Epirotes with an auxiliary force. Thomas Preljubović uses his new auxiliary to good use by capturing many fortresses in the Despotate of Arta, but Albanians under Gjon Shpata, together with the Mazarakii tribe held their defensive positions and ultimately defeated Thomas once again. |
| 1382–1385 | Zetan-Albania War | Princedom of Albania Ottoman Empire | Lordship of Zeta | Victory Zetan forces under Balša II capture the Princedom's capital, Durrës. In 1385 Zetan Forces are defeated by Thopia with help of Ottoman forces in the Battle of Savra. Thopia recaptures capital of Durrës and reestablished the Princedom of Albania. |
| 1382–1393 | Ottoman Conquest of Bulgaria | Ottoman Empire | Bulgarian Empire Tsardom of Vidin | Victory Ottomans conquer Bulgaria and the Second Bulgarian Empire falls in 1396 |
| 1385 | First Zenebishi Uprising against the Ottomans | Ottoman Empire | Albanian Zenebishi Family | Defeat Albanians under Gjon Zenebishi successfully capture the fortress of Gjirokastër. The Principality of Gjirokastër is declared. |
| 1385 | Battle of Savra | Ottoman Empire Albanian Thopia family | Principality of Zeta | Victory Since the Ottomans were victorious, most of the local Serbian and Albanian lords became vassals. Immediately after this battle Thopia recaptured Durrës, probably under the Ottoman suzerainty. The Ottomans captured Krujë, Berat, and Ulcinj and soon retreated from them keeping only Kastoria under their permanent control. |
| 1388 | Battle of Bileća | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Bosnia | Defeat Bosnians and Serbs ally against Ottoman threat, culminating in Battle of Kosovo |
| 1389 | Battle of Kosovo (1389) | Ottoman Empire | Moravian Serbia District of Branković Kingdom of Bosnia Knights Hospitaller Albanian principalities | Unknown Result Some sources claim Tactically Inconclusive whereas some claim Victory Heavy losses on both sides devastate less numerous Serbs, while Ottomans are able to bring troops from the east. Ottoman Sultan Murad I and Serbian Prince Lazar are killed and Bayezid I becomes new sultan. Serbian lords eventually became vassals of the Ottomans. |
| 1389–1390 | Albanian-Epirote War of 1389–90 | Despotate of Epirus (all four battles) Thessaly (second battle) Ottoman Empire (third and fourth battles) | Despotate of Arta (all four battles) Malakasi Tribe (second battle) | Victory Albanian and Aromanian forces are defeated in four battles against Epirote, Thessalian and Ottoman forces around Jannina. Albanian forces withdraw into the surrounding mountains |
| 1390 | Fall of Philadelphia | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Victory In 1390, Sultan Bayezid summoned the co-emperors of Byzantium, John VII and Manuel II and ordered them to accompany the besieging Turkish force to Philadelphia. The co-emperors submitted to the degradation, and Philadelphia surrendered when it saw the imperial banner hoisted among the horse-tails of the Turkish pashas above the camp of the besiegers. The humiliation of the empire could go no further than when the heir of Justinian and Basil Bulgaroktonos took the field at the behest of a Turkish Emir, in order to extinguish the last relics of freedom in his own country. |
| 1391 | Siege of Constantinople (1391) | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Hungary | Stalemate Ottomans retreat due to Hungarian invasion by Sigismund of Luxembourg. |
| 1394–1395 | Bayezid's Campaign against Wallachia | Ottoman Empire  Moravian Serbia | Wallachia | Tactical Defeat Ottoman advance in Wallachia halted till Crusade of Nicopolis |
| 1394–1395 | Siege of Constantinople (1394–1402) | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire Crusade of Nicopolis Kingdom of France Republic of Venice | Siege pulled Bayezid I is forced to march to Ankara to meet Timurid Amir Timur |
| 1396 | Crusade of Nicopolis | Ottoman Empire  Moravian Serbia | Holy Roman Empire Bohemian Crown Duchy of Savoy Swiss Confederacy  Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy  Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Voivodship of Transylvania Kingdom of Croatia Principality of Wallachia Knights Hospitaller Republic of Venice Republic of Genoa Second Bulgarian Empire Poland Middle Ages Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Teutonic Knights Byzantine Empire | Victory Ottomans defeat Crusades and no new Anti-Ottoman alliance is formed till the 1440s Ottomans maintain pressure on Constantinople, tightened control over the Balkans, and became a greater threat to central Europe Collapse of Second Bulgarian Empire |
| 1399–1402 | Ottoman-Timurid War Sack of Sebaste Siege of Ankara Battle of Ankara | Ottoman Empire Anatolian beyliks Black Tatars Albanian principalities  Moravian Serbia District of Branković  Wallachia Co-belligerant:  Mamluks Kingdom of Georgia Knights Hospitaller | Timurid Empire Anatolian beyliks Aq Qoyunlu Germiyanids | Defeat Anatolian Beyliks got independence. Bayezid I is captured by Timur and dies in captivity, leaving the Ottoman Empire without a sultan Ottoman Interregnum begins Ottoman Empire on the brink of collapse Timurid conquests and invasions ends. |
| 1402–1413 | Ottoman Interregnum | Mehmed Çelebi Serbian Despotate | İsa Çelebi Süleyman Çelebi Byzantine Empire Musa Çelebi Wallachia | Mehmed Victory Mehmed Çelebi becomes Mehmed I Ottoman Empire is re-united |
| 1402 | Battle of Tripolje | Ottoman Empire District of Branković | Serbian Despotate | Defeat The two sides clashed on 21 November 1402, at Tripolje, near the Gračanica Monastery. The date of the battle coincided with the Presentation of Mary. Lazarević divided his army into two groups. Constantine of Kostenets, Lazarević's biographer (ca. 1431), wrote that the army was divided between the two brothers, in case one fell the other would be saved and stay a "good shepherd of the flock". Lazarević assigned the larger group to his brother Vuk, while he took the smaller group. It is unknown whether the army that Balšić contributed as security was present at the battle. Branković enjoyed significant Ottoman support. |
| 1404 | Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin | Suleyman Çelebi | Prince Fruzhin Tsar Konstantin II | Victory Ottomans crush the Bulgarian revolt |
| 1411 | Siege of Constantinople (1411) | Musa Çelebi | Byzantine Empire Mehmed Çelebi | Defeat Mehmet Celebi lifts the siege |
| 1414 | Ottoman-Gjirokastër War | Ottoman Empire | Albanian Zenebishi Family Principality of Gjirokastër | Victory Ottomans conquer the territory of the Principality. Ruler of the Principality, Gjon Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu. |
| 1416 | Battle of Gallipoli (1416) | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Venice | Defeat Pietro Loredan crushes the Ottoman fleet to ensure Venetian superiority in the Aegean for the next few decades |
| 1416–1420 | Revolt of Sheikh Bedreddin | Ottoman Empire | Sheikh Bedreddin | Victory Sheikh Bedreddin's revolt is suppressed and he and his followers are executed |
| 1418 | Second Ottoman-Gjirokastër War | Ottoman Empire | Albanian Zenebishi Family Principality of Gjirokastër | Victory Ottomans successfully besiege Gjirokastër and reconquer the territory of the Principality. Ruler of the Principality, Depë Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu. |
| 1422 | Siege of Constantinople (1422) | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Defeat Murad II forced to suppress the revolt of his younger brother, Küçük Mustafa |
| 1422–1430 | Siege of Thessalonica | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire Republic of Venice | Victory Ottomans capture Thessalonica |
| 1421–1522 | 2nd Conquest of Anatolia | Ottoman Empire | Beylik of Karaman Beylik of Isfendiyar Beylik of Aydin Empire of Trebizond Sultanate of Eretna Beylik of Teke Byzantine Empire Beyliks of Canik Beylik of Germiyan Beylik of Menteşe Beylik of Karasi Beylik of Saruhan | Victory Ottomans conquer Anatolia |
| 1426–1428 | Ottoman-Hungarian War of 1426–1428 | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Serbian Despotate Wallachia Transylvania Kingdom of Bosnia Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Inconclusive The Kingdom of Hungary recognized the Ottoman annexation of Alacahisar and Güvercinlik and their rule over the Serbian Despotate and the Wallachian Voivodeship |
| 1428 | Siege of Golubac | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Wallachia Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Victory Serbia becomes vassal state of the Ottoman Empire Ottomans invade Bosnia |
| 1432–1436 | Albanian Revolt of 1432–1436 | Ottoman Empire | Various Albanian rebels | Victory Suppression of Revolt. Restoration of Ottoman Rule in Albania |
| 1432–1479 | Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479) Battle of Torvioll Battle of Mokra (1445) Battle of Otonetë Siege of Svetigrad Battle of Oranik (1448) Siege of Krujë (1450) Battle of Polog Siege of Berat (1455) Battle of Oranik (1456) Battle of Albulena Battle of Mokra (July 1462) Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign Battle of Ohrid Battle of Vaikal Ballaban's campaign of 1465 Siege of Krujë (1466–1467) Siege of Krujë (1467) Siege of Shkodra (1474) Siege of Krujë (1478) Siege of Shkodra | Ottoman Empire | 1443–44: Kastrioti Family Arianiti Family 1444–46: League of Lezhë 1446–50: League of Lezhë Angevin Kingdom of Naples State of Arianiti 1450–51: Albanians under Skanderbeg Muzaka Lordship Angevin Kingdom of Naples State of Arianiti 1451–54: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti State of Arianiti Muzaka Lordship 1454–56: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti Principality of Dukagjini Muzaka Lordship 1456–68: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti Principality of Dukagjini Muzaka Lordship Republic of Venice State of Arianiti 1468–78: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti Principality of Dukagjini 1478–79: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Dukagjini Republic of Venice State of Arianiti Albanian resistance forces Lordship of Zeta (Siege of Shkodra only) | Victory Initial Albanian victory The Ottomans are defeated in numerous battles by the Albanians, mostly under Skanderbeg Albanian resistance weakens following the death of Skanderbeg in 1468 Eventual Ottoman victory Resistance weakens after Skanderbeg's death Shkodër falls in 1479 |
| 1440 | Siege of Belgrade (1440) | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Serbian Despotate | Defeat |
| 1440–1441 | Siege of Novo Brdo | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Despotate | Victory During the siege of Novo Brdo its population suffered heavy casualties. On 27 June 1441 Novo Brdo surrendered to the Ottoman forces, who then robbed and burned the captured town. |
| 1443–1444 | Crusade of Varna | Ottoman Empire | Poland Middle Ages Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Kingdom of Croatia Grand Duchy of Lithuania Serbian Despotate Crown of Bohemia Principality of Wallachia Bulgarian rebels Kingdom of Bosnia Papal States Teutonic Knights Duchy of Burgundy Republic of Venice Republic of Ragusa | Victory Ottomans halt European attempt to check their rapid expansion |
| 1447–1448 | Albanian–Venetian War | Ottoman Empire Republic of Venice | League of Lezhë | Defeat The League of Lezhë gains all lands on the Albanian side of the Drin River |
| 1448 | Battle of Kosovo (1448) | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Poland Middle Ages Principality of Wallachia Principality of Moldavia | Victory Defeat of the European Crusaders Balkans slowly fall to the Ottomans Mehmed II free to siege Constantinople |
| 1453 | Fall of Constantinople | Ottoman Empire | Byzantine Empire Genoese volunteers Venetian volunteers Sicilian volunteers Papal States Ottoman defectors | Victory Constantinople is conquered by the Ottomans and becomes new Ottoman capital Morea and Trebizond continue as Byzantine rump states, until their conquest in 1460 and 1461 respectively Ottoman Empire proclaimed successor to the Roman Empire Beginning of the Classical Age (1453–1566) |

## Classical Age (1453–1566)

| Date | Conflict | Ottomans (and allies) | Opposition | Result |
| 1454 | Battle of Leskovac | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Despotate | Defeat Skobaljić on November 16, 1454, defeating his army at Tripolje (near Novo Brdo), where Voivode Nikola and his men fought to the last man, inflicting disproportionately large casualties on the Ottoman force. |
| 1454 | Battle of Kruševac | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Despotate | Defeat Nikola Skobaljić continued his forays against the Ottomans, operating between Leskovac and Priština, and won several major victories against the armies of the sultan. |
| 1455 | Siege of Trepča | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Despotate | Victory Mehmed directed his forces towards Southern Serbia in 1455. He captured the Trepça, Novo Brdo and silver mines. |
| 1455 | Siege of Novo Brdo (1455) | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Despotate | Victory The notables of the city were executed; 320 young men were recruited into the Janissaries and 700 Serbian women were enlisted into the army. The roof of St. Nicholas Church, popularly known as the Saxon church, was removed along with its bells. In 1467, the rest of the people were taken to Istanbul. The Ottoman colony established in the conquered city could not prevent its cultural and economic decline. Novo Brdo, which became noteworthy as the eventual site of an Ottoman mint, maintained its importance until the reign of Murad IV |
| 1455 | Siege of Berat (1455) | Ottoman Empire | League of Lezhë | Victory Berat falls to the Ottomans |
| 1456 | Siege of Belgrade (1456) | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Serbian Despotate Crusader peasant and local gentry recruits | Defeat John Hunyadi repels the Ottomans Mehmed II's advance into Central Europe halted |
| 1459 | Siege of Smederevo (1459) | Ottoman Empire | Serbian Despotate | Victory The fall of Smederevo led to the surrender of all the small forts in northern Serbia. By the end of 1459, all of Serbia was under Mehmed's control, with some 200,000 Serbian captives, thus beginning more than 400 years of Ottoman rule. |
| 1460 | Siege of Amasra | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Genoa | Victory Annexation of Amasra by the Ottoman Empire |
| 1461 | Siege of Trebizond (1461) | Ottoman Empire | Empire of Trebizond | Victory Ottomans conquer Empire of Trebizond |
| 1462 | Night attack at Târgoviște | Ottoman Empire | Wallachia | Inconclusive Failure of Wallachian attempt to assassinate Mehmed II Vlad III impales over 20,000 Turks |
| 1462 | Ottoman conquest of Lesbos | Ottoman Empire | Gattilusio lordship of Lesbos Knights Hospitaller | Victory Ottomans conquer the island of Lesbos |
| 1463–1479 | First Ottoman-Venetian war | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Venice Papal States League of Lezhë Principality of Zeta Kingdom of Hungary Knights Hospitaller Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Naples Aq Qoyunlu Duchy of Burgundy Holy Roman Empire Principality of Moldavia Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Saint Sava Kingdom of France Republic of Ragusa Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crown of Castile Florence Karamanids Maniots Greek rebels | Victory Ottomans conquer the Morea, Negroponte and Albania from Venetians |
| 1463 | Siege of Jajce | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Republic of Venice Kingdom of Bosnia Republic of Ragusa (logistics, goods) Bohemian (Hussite) mercenaries | Victory Collapse of the Kingdom of Bosnia |
| 1473 | Battle of Otlukbeli | Ottoman Empire | Aq Qoyunlu | Victory Aq Qoyunlu power nearly wiped out in the East, paving way for Shah Ismail I of the Safavids to take over Persia |
| 1473–79 | Moldavian War of Mehmed II | Ottoman Empire Wallachia | Moldavia Transylvania | Defeat Mehmet II fails to follow up his victory at Valea Albă with a successful siege of Neamț Citadel Mehmet's son Bayezid continues the war with the Moldavians in 1484 |
| 1475 | Crimean Campaign (1475) | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Genoa | Victory The process that started with the conquest of the Anatolian coast of the Black Sea continued with Crimea on the opposite shore, and during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror, the Black Sea became a Turkish lake. |
| 1479 | Battle of Breadfield | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Serbian Despotate Wallachia | Defeat Ottoman raids into Hungary halted |
| 1480 | First Ottoman siege of Rhodes | Ottoman Empire | Knights Hospitaller | Defeat Ottomans fail to conquer Rhodes |
| 1480–1481 | Invasion of Otranto | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Naples Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Hungary Papal States Kingdom of Portugal | Defeat Ottomans conquer Otranto and gain foothold in Southern Italy Ottoman garrison surrender the city after 13 months |
| 1481–1484 | Albanian Uprisings of 1481–1484 | Ottoman Empire | Albanian rebels Kastrioti family Dukagjini Family Muzaka family | Inconclusive Albanian forces under Nicholas Pal Dukagjini and Lekë Dukagjini land on the north Albanian coastline in early Summer 1481, sparking rebellion in former Dukagjini territories. Lezhë and Shkodër are attacked, forcing Ottomans to send reinforcements. Meanwhile, Gjon Kastrioti II lands in Durrës, gathering support from 7,000 Albanian infantrymen, and his cousin Konstandin Muzaka lands in the coastal region around Himara. Rebellion breaks out in Central and Southern Albania. Forces under Gjon Kastrioti defeat a force of 2,000 to 3,000 Ottomans in August 1481 and capture Himara and Borsh Castle. Rebellion in Northern, Central and Southern Albania prevents Ottomans from sending reinforcements to Italy, resulting in Otranto being recaptured by Christian forces in September 1481. The rebellions are eventually crushed, and Gjon Kastrioti retreats to Italy in 1484. |
| 1484–1486 | Moldavian War of Bayezid II | Ottoman Empire Wallachia | Moldavia Transylvania | Victory Ottomans conquer Chilia and Akkerman |
| 1484–1486 | Mamluk War of Bayezid II | Ottoman Empire | Mamluks | Stalemate Ottoman incursions into Cilicia halted |
| 1485–1503 | Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503) | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Moldavia | Poland Middle Ages Duchy of Masovia Teutonic Knights Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Victory Polish King Aleksander Jagiellonczyk forced to sign truce with Ottomans |
| 1490–1494 | War of the Hungarian Succession | Ottoman Empire | John Corvinus Vladislaus John Albert Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor | Victory Near elimination of Croatian Nobility at Krbava Field Eventual Ottoman expansion into Croatia |
| 1493–1593 | Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War Battle of Una Battle of Vrpile Battle of Krbava Field Battle of Dubica Battle of Jajce (1518) Siege of Knin Battle of Mohács Siege of Güns Siege of Klis Katzianer's Campaign Battle of Hrastovica (1561) Battle of Obreška Siege of Krupa Siege of Szigetvár Siege of Gvozdansko Battle of Slunj Siege of Bihać (1592) Battle of Brest (1592) Battle of Sisak | Ottoman Empire | Until 1526: Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Hungary From 1527: Habsburg Monarchy Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Hungary Duchy of Carniola Serbian Despotate | Inconclusive Ottoman Empire conquered areas of Kingdom of Croatia between Vrbas river and Kupa river. Their advance was conclusively halted in 1593 in Third Battle of Sisak. The remaining land remained under the control of Kingdom of Croatia. Kingdom of Croatia reduced to "Remnants of the remnants" Croatia joins Habsburg Monarchy Formation of Military Frontier Start of the Long Turkish War |
| 1497–1499 | Moldavian Campaign | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Poland | Victory Ottoman vassal Moldavia gets Pokuttia Ottomans raid Red Ruthenia and Podolia, reaching as far as Przeworsk |
| 1499–1503 | Second Ottoman-Venetian War | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Venice Spanish Empire | Victory Venetian strongholds of Modon and Coron fall to the Ottomans Cephalonia and Ithaca are taken by Venice |
| 1505–17 | Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts Battle of Cannanore Battle of Diu Portuguese conquest of Goa Siege of Jeddah | Mamluk Sultanate Indian states: Gujarat Sultanate Bijapur Sultanate Calicut kingdom Kannur Supported by:  Republic of Venice  Ottoman Empire | Portuguese Empire Supported by: Safavid Empire | Defeat Portuguese Indian Armadas got the dominance of the Indian Ocean trade in detritment of Muslims and Arabs Establishment of Portuguese India |
| 1505 | Campaign of Trabzon (1505) | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory After the battle of 1505, Shah Ismail sent an envoy to Bayezid II complaining about Selim's over-aggressive raids and demanding the return of his captured soldiers' weapons. Bayezid did not return the weapons but he did send the envoy back with gifts and promises of friendship. Selim fought against the Safavids again in 1507 and in 1510, both times defeating the Safavid forces. |
| 1507 | Battle of Erzincan (1507) | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory Bayezid II did not retaliate to this raid, however Selim I, then the governor of Trabzon, led an attack against Erzincan and defeated a Safavid army that was sent against him by Shah Ismail. |
| 1507–42 | Ajuran-Portuguese wars | Ajuran Sultanate  Ottoman Empire | Portuguese Empire | Defeat Portuguese retake Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa from Somali/Ottoman forces. |
| 1508 | Georgian campaign (1508) | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Imereti | Victory Imereti and Guria subjugated by the Ottomans |
| 1508–1573 | Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts Battle of Diu (1509) Siege of Diu (1531) Siege of Diu (1538) | Gujarat Sultanate Supported by:  Mamluks Kingdom of Calicut Ottoman Empire | Portuguese Empire Portuguese India | Defeat Establishment of Portuguese Diu. Ottomans and Gujarati fail to relieve Diu and Portugal keeps control of the port Treaty of Bassein (1534) Establishment of Portuguese Bassein Establishment of Portuguese Daman |
| 1509–1513 | Ottoman Civil War (1509–13) | Şehzade Selim | Şehzade Ahmet Şahkulu Safavid Empire | Victory for Selim Şehzade Selim becomes Selim I Şehzade Ahmet puts down Şahkulu's rebellion Selim executes Ahmet and relations between Ottomans and Safavids worsen |
| 1510 | Campaign of Trabzon (1510) | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory In 1510 Shah Ismail sent a military contingent against the same place that Selim had successfully defended in 1505 Shah Ismail's brother advanced through Ottoman territory and marched against Trabzon but he was defeated by Selim. |
| 1514 | Battle of Chaldiran | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Ottoman Military Victory however some sources claim Political Stalemate Ottomans annex Eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq from the Safavids Ottomans briefly occupy and plunder the Safavid capital, Tabriz Kurdish chiefs assert their authority and switch their allegiance from the Safavids to the Ottomans. Safavids adopt tactics similar to Ottomans |
| 1514 | Capture of Bayburt (1514) | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory Sultan Selim assigned Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha with the task of conquering Bayburt. Bıyıkli Mehmed Pasha conquered Bayburt which was defended by a Qizilbash Safavid chief, Kara Maksud. The attitude of Mehmet Pasha cause some of the guards around Kiği to be afraid, this area was also captured. |
| 1515 | Siege of Kemah | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory The siege ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. The fortress was captured by Selim I on 19 May 1515. With this victory, Ottomans created their safe border against the Safavids. |
| 1515 | Battle of Tekiryaylağı | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory After this battle Tunceli and it's around conquered by the Ottomans. After these occupation, Ottoman army led by the Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha, prepared for the next battles against Safavids Battle of Koçhisar |
| 1515–1577 | Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 Algiers expedition (1516) Algiers expedition (1519) Capture of Peñón of Algiers Battle of Formentera Siege of Coron Conquest of Tunis (1534) Conquest of Tunis (1535) Sack of Mahón Siege of Castelnuovo Battle of Preveza Battle of Girolata Algiers expedition Siege of Tripoli (1551) Capture of Béjaïa (1555) Siege of Oran (1556) Raid of the Balearic islands (1558) Expedition to Mostaganem (1558) Battle of Djerba Great Siege of Malta Capture of Tunis (1569) Battle of Lepanto Conquest of Tunis (1574) | Ottoman Empire France (until 1538) | Holy Roman Empire  Spanish Empire Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily  Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Savoy Malta  Republic of Genoa  Papal States Republic of Florence Hafsid Kingdom | In North Africa Ottoman victory In Mediterranean Inconclusive Algeria, Tunisia and Libya became Ottoman territory |
| 1515 | Battle of Turnadağ | Ottoman Empire | Beylik of Dulkadir | Victory After the battle, Beylik of Dulkadir ceased to exist. It was converted to an Ottoman sanjak, (Ottoman administrative unit). The first governor of the sanjak became Ali Bey of the Dulkadir. Hadim Sinan Pasha was promoted to be the grand vizier. The next year, Selim I waged a war against Egypt, and Egypt as well as Syria and Palestine came under the Ottoman rule. |
| 1516–1517 | Second Ottoman-Mamluk War | Ottoman Empire | Mamluks | Victory Ottomans take over the entire Mamluk Sultanate, including Cairo, Mecca, Aleppo and Damascus Ottoman Sultans become Caliphs of the Islamic world and the most powerful Muslim leader |
| 1516 | Siege of Harput (1516) | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory In March 1516 under the command of Deli Husrev Pasha the Ottomans laid siege to Harput. The siege lasted for three days until Harput was conquered on 26 March. |
| 1516 | Battle of Koçhisar | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory Ottoman armies annex Southeastern Anatolia, Northeastern Syria and North Iraq |
| 1517 | Capture of Mosul (1517) | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory Ottomans capture Mosul |
| 1517 | Siege of Jeddah | Ottoman Empire Mamluks | Portuguese Empire | Victory End of Portuguese blockade in Red Sea Jeddah, the remaining stronghold of the Mamluk sultanate, is captured by Selim I |
| 1518 | Fall of Tlemcen | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Tlemcen | Victory Ottoman Corsair Oruç Reis in control of territory size of 1916 French Algeria |
| 1519–1610 | Celali rebellions | Ottoman Empire | Celali | Victory The rebellions were suppressed bloodily |
| 1519–1639 | Acehnese–Portuguese conflicts Battle of Perlis River Ottoman embassy to Aceh Siege of Malacca (1568) Battle of Duyon River | Aceh Sultanate Supported by: Ottoman Empire Sultanate of Kalinyamat Sultanate of Golkonda Dutch East India Company | Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Portuguese Malacca Supported by: Kingdom of Aru Sultanate of Johor Sultanate of Kedah Sultanate of Pasai Sultanate of Pedir Sultanate of Perak Sultanate of Perlis | Inconclusive |
| 1521 | 3rd Ottoman Siege of Belgrade | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages | Victory Suleiman I conquers the Hungarian stronghold of Belgrade, exposing the weakness of the Hungarian Nobility, something he would exploit at Mohács |
| 1521 | Siege of Šabac (1521) | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Victory In 1520 Suleiman the Magnificent ascended to the throne. The Ottomans under the leadership of Ahmed Pasha conquered the fortress of Šabac on 7 July 1521. In the conquest. All of its defenders were killed. After its conquest Suleiman said that it was one of the cities he had conquered and that it must be improved. He ordered towers to be built around the fortress and a moat around it filled with water from Sava. Suleiman spent 10 full days on the Sava at Šabac overseeing the construction of the pontoon bridge. |
| 1522 | 2nd Ottoman Siege of Rhodes | Ottoman Empire | Knights Hospitaller Republic of Venice | Victory Ottoman Empire annexes Rhodes Knights move initially to Sicily, but then to Malta, Gozo, and Tripoli Ottoman supremacy over trade in the Eastern Mediterranean is secured |
| 1523 | Expedition to Kamaran | Ottoman Empire | Portuguese Empire | Victory In 1523 under the orders of Kanuni, Captain Selman Reis went on an expedition in the Red Sea. During this expedition Selman Reis discovered that the Kamaran Island was occupied by the Portuguese,The Portuguese used their base to raid the coast of Arabia, Salman Reis and Husayn al Rumi had an Ottoman force composed of 4,000 men. After their arrival in Yemen, the Ottomans attacked the Portuguese which resulted in the complete destruction and expulsion of Portuguese forces and the occupation of the island by the Ottomans. |
| 1526 | Battle of Mohács | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Kingdom of Hungary Middle Ages Kingdom of Croatia Crown of Bohemia  Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bavaria  Papal States | Victory End of Ottoman–Hungarian wars Start of Ottoman–Habsburg wars Collapse and partition of Medieval Hungary and Hungary never regained its former political power End of Middle Ages in Central Europe |
| 1526–1791 | Ottoman-Habsburg wars In Hungary and Balkans Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 Balkan campaign of 1529 Little War in Hungary Siege of Vienna Siege of Szigetvár Long Turkish War Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) Great Turkish War Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739) Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) In Mediterranean Battle of Formentera Siege of Coron Conquest of Tunis (1535) Sack of Mahón Siege of Castelnuovo Battle of Girolata Battle of Alboran Algiers expedition Capture of Mahdia Siege of Oran Ottoman raid of the Balearic islands Battle of Djerba Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir Great Siege of Malta Battle of Lepanto Conquest of Tunis (1574) Battle of Cape Corvo Battle of Cape Celidonia | Ottoman Empire Vassals: Moldavia Transylvania  Wallachia Cossack Hetmanate (Doroshenko's faction) Crimean Khanate | Habsburg Dynasty:  Holy Roman Empire Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Bohemia Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia  Spanish Empire Non-Habsburg allies: Moldavia Transylvania  Wallachia Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate (Muscovite and Polish vassals) Holy League Allies: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Duchy of Mantua  Republic of Venice Order of Saint John | Inconclusive End of Ottoman expansion Decline of both the Ottoman and Habsburg empires Prolonged military conflict contributed to decline of both Ottomans and Habsburgs which caused significant shift in the balance of power from both of these empires to the emerging France, Britain and Russia |
| 1527–28 | Hungarian Campaign of Ferdinand I | Ottoman Empire Moldavia Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | Habsburg Austria Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of Croatia Royal Hungary Rascians | Defeat Austria occupies Győr, Komárom, Esztergom, Buda, and Székesfehérvár while Suleiman takes no action immediately despite his vassals' pleas |
| 1529 | Hungarian Campaign of Suleiman I | Ottoman Empire Moldavia Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | Habsburg Austria Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of Croatia Royal Hungary Rascians | Victory Ottomans re-occupy Győr, Komárom, Esztergom, and Buda, reversing all of Ferdinand I's gains in his invasion of Hungary the previous year |
| 1529–43 | Ethiopian–Adal War | Adal Sultanate  Ottoman Empire | Ethiopian Empire Portuguese Empire (1541–43) | Stalemate and Status quo ante bellum Withdrawal of the few remaining Adal-Ottoman troops from the Ethiopian Highlands after the death of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi. |
| 1529 | 1st Ottoman siege of Vienna | Ottoman Empire  Moldavia | Holy Roman Empire  Kingdom of Bohemia Electorate of the Palatinate  Spanish Empire Kabyle soldiers | Defeat Suleiman fails to conquer Vienna Ferdinand unable to counter-attack after Suleiman lays waste to Styria and Habsburg Hungary |
| 1530–52 | Little War in Hungary | Ottoman Empire  Moldavia Eastern Hungarian Kingdom Wallachia Supported by: France | Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Austria Kingdom of Bohemia Royal Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Spain Papal States | Victory Hungary divided into larger Ottoman and smaller Habsburg spheres of influence, as well as a semi-independent Ottoman vassal state of Transylvania |
| 1531 | Battle of al-Shihr (1531) | Ottoman Empire Kathiri Sultanate | Portuguese Empire | Victory Khoja Zufar prevented the Portuguese from entering al-Shihr, he defeated and drove out the Portuguese forces. |
| 1532–55 | 2nd Ottoman–Safavid War | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory Ottomans gain large parts of Mesopotamia, Western Kurdistan, Western Armenia, and Western Georgia Persians retain Tabriz, Eastern Georgia, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Kurdistan, Dagestan, and Azerbaijan and the rest of their north-western borders as they were prior to the war Erzurum, Van, and Shahrizor become buffer zones Kars is declared a neutral zone |
| 1533 | Expedition of Irakeyn | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory Although the Ottoman army reached Sultaniye under difficult conditions, they could not find any trace of the Shah. From here, the Ottoman army headed towards Baghdad, struggling with the difficult terrain and climatic conditions. Baghdad was easily captured by the Ottoman forces on November 28, 1534, after the Safavid forces under the command of Tekelü Mehmed Khan, who were defending Baghdad, fled the city. |
| 1534 | Ottoman conquest of Tunis | Ottoman Empire | Hafsid dynasty | Victory Tunis captured by Barbarossa |
| 1535 | Habsburgian conquest of Tunis | Ottoman Empire Kingdom of France | Holy Roman Empire  Republic of Genoa County of Flanders Habsburg Spain  Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Hafsid dynasty Kingdom of Portugal Papal States Knights of Malta | Defeat Muley Hassan of the Hafsid dynasty restored as client ruler of Tunis and Spanish-Imperial tributary. |
| 1536–38 | Italian War of 1536–1538 | Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Kingdom of France | Holy Roman Empire Spain | Inconclusive Franco-Ottoman alliance strengthened and Charles V forced to negotiate peace to avoid two-front war Spain strengthens control over Italy Holy Roman Emperor Charles V loses to Ottomans at Preveza |
| 1536–37 | Siege of Klis | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Croatia Holy Roman Empire Papal States | Victory Ottomans take Klis |
| 1537–40 | Third Ottoman-Venetian war | Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers  France | Holy League: Republic of Venice Spanish Empire  Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily  Republic of Genoa Papal States Knights of Malta | Victory Venice loses most foreign possessions and can no longer take on the Ottoman navy |
| 1538–1560 | Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1557) Siege of Diu (1538) Battle of Suakin (1541) Attack on Jeddah (1541) Battle of El Tor Battle of Suez (1541) Ethiopian–Adal War Capture of Aden (1548) Siege of Qatif (1551) Ottoman campaign against Hormuz Battle of the Strait of Hormuz (1553) Battle of the Gulf of Oman Red Sea Campaign (1556) Ottoman expeditions to Indian Ocean | Ottoman Empire Ottoman Egypt Ottoman Arabia Gujarat Sultanate Adal Sultanate | Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Kingdom of Hormuz Ethiopian Empire | Stalemate Portugal maintains control of the Persian Gulf Ottomans expand their influence in the Red Sea, annexing Yemen and the west bank of the Red Sea (coastal strip of Sudan and Eritrea) |
| 1542–46 | Italian War of 1542–1546 | Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers France Swiss mercenaries Jülich-Cleves-Berg | Holy Roman Empire  Saxony Brandenburg Spain Kingdom of England | Inconclusive No territorial changes for Ottomans Barbarossa increases Ottoman control over the Mediterranean with the Sack of Nice |
| 1543 | Battle of Karagak | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Imereti Principality of Guria | Defeat |
| 1545 | Battle of Sokhoista | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Imereti Kingdom of Kartli Principality of Guria | Victory The victory at Sokhoista gave to the Ottomans the upper hand in southwestern Caucasus and allowed them to overrun Samtskhe, where they installed their protégé, atabek Kaikhosro III. Tortum, İspir, and Pasin were detached from Samtskhe and annexed to the Ottoman Empire. |
| 1547 | Ottoman invasion of Guria | Ottoman Empire | Principality of Guria | Victory Ottomans conquer Adjara |
| 1551–1559 | Spanish-Ottoman War (1550–1560) Capture of Mahdia Siege of Tripoli Campaign of Tlemcen (1551) Capture of Béjaïa Raid of the Balearic islands Expedition to Mostaganem Battle of Djerba Part of German-Ottoman war 1550–1562, Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 and Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco | Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Regency of Tunis | Spain Knights of Malta Saadi Sultanate | Victory Béjaïa under Ottoman rule. Ottomans capture Tripoli. Mahdia was abandoned by Spain. Ottomans temporarily occupy parts of the Balearics. Ottoman supremacy on Mediterranean sea seizured until Battle of Lepanto. |
| 1551 | Ottoman conquest of Tripolitania | Ottoman Empire | Order of Saint John | Victory Ottomans conquer Tripoli |
| 1551 | Invasion of Gozo | Ottoman Empire | Order of Saint John Maltese civilians | Victory Gozo population decimated and majority of islanders forced into slavery |
| 1551–59 | Italian War of 1551–1559 | Ottoman Empire  Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Republic of Siena  Papal States | Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Mantua Republic of Florence  Duchy of Savoy  Kingdom of England | Inconclusive Spanish-Imperial victory Ottoman victory in the Mediterranean Dragut's numerous victories against Genoese and Habsburgian fleets gives it near dominance in the Mediterranean France occupies Calais from English France cedes Corsica to Genoa after Dragut conquered it for the Franco-Ottoman alliance |
| 1552 | Hungarian Campaign of 1552 | Ottoman Empire | Hungary  Spain  Bohemia  Holy Roman Empire | Inconclusive Ottomans conquer Temesvár but fail to take Eger |
| 1554/1557–1589 | Ottoman conquest of Habesh | Ottoman Empire Medri Bahri Adal Sultanate | Ethiopian Empire | Victory Establishment of Habesh Eyalet. |
| 1554–1576 | Ottoman expeditions to Morocco Capture of Fez (1554) Capture of Fez (1576) | Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Kingdom of Kuku Principality of Debdou Wattasid Sultanate (1554) Abd al-Malik Forces (1576) | Saadi Sultanate | Victory Ottoman Algerian forces conquer Fez and then Marrakesh. Installing vassal rulers on Morocco. |
| 1557 | Campaign of Tlemcen (1557) | Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Kingdom of Beni Abbas | Saadi Sultanate | Victory Moroccan failure to conquer Algeria. |
| 1558–66 | Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1558–1566) Siege of Bahrain Battle of Kamaran Island (1560) | Ottoman Empire Ottoman Arabia Ajuran Sultanate | Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Kingdom of Hormuz | Inconclusive due to Suleiman the Magnificent death Portuguese tactical victory |
| 1558 | Battle of Djerba | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Genoa  Spanish Empire  Papal States  Duchy of Savoy Order of Saint John | Victory Dragut ensures Ottoman naval superiority |
| 1565–1898 | Spanish conquest of the Philippines | Sultanate of Sulu Sultanate of Maguindanao Confederation of sultanates in Lanao Supported by: Sultanate of Ternate Bruneian empire  Ottoman Empire | Spanish Empire Captaincy General of the Philippines | Inconclusive |
| 1565 | Great Siege of Malta | Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Beni Abbas | Order of Malta Maltese militia Spanish Empire Relief force: Spanish Empire  Republic of Genoa  Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Florence Papal States | Defeat Christian Victory Dragut dies in action leading to conflict between remaining Ottoman generals Myth of Ottoman Invincibility in Europe destroyed |
| 1566 | Siege of Szigetvár | Ottoman Empire Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | Habsburg Empire Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia | Victory Suleiman the Magnificent dies in his tent before the final assault. The whole Hungarian-Croatian army (2300–3000) is killed, Miklós IV Zrínyi is killed in the final battle. Miklós IV Zrínyi ordered a fuse be lit to the powder magazine. After cutting down the last of the defenders the Ottoman Army entered the remains of Szigetvár and fell into the trap. 3,000 Turks perished in the explosion. 20,000–30,000 Ottomans were killed. Ottomans captured Szigetvár fortress and it became part of Budin Eyalet |

## Transformation (1566–1703)

| Date | Conflict | Ottomans (and allies) | Opposition | Result |
| 1567–1872 | Philippine revolts against Spain | Filipino rebel groups Muslim resistance  British supporters Bruneian and Ottoman supporters Japanese and Chinese supporters | Spain New Spain Filipino loyalists | Defeat Most revolts failed |
| 1568–1570 | Astrakhan Expedition | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Tsardom of Russia | Defeat Treaty of Constantinople 1570 |
| 1570–1572 | Russo-Crimean Wars | Crimean Khanate Ottoman Empire | Tsardom of Russia | Defeat The Russians defeat the Crimean Tatars at the Battle of Molodi in 1572 |
| 1570–1573 | Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War | Ottoman Empire | Holy League: Republic of Venice Spain Papal States Kingdom of Naples Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Sicily Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Urbino Duchy of Savoy Knights of Malta | Victory Cyprus under Ottoman rule |
| 1571 | Battle of Lepanto | Ottoman Empire | Holy League:  Republic of Venice Spanish Empire (with Naples and Sicily)  Republic of Genoa  Papal States Grand Duchy of Tuscany  Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Urbino Order of Saint John | Defeat |
| 1574 | Conquest of Tunis | Ottoman Empire | Spanish Empire | Victory Ottomans capture Tunis |
| 1576 | Capture of Fez | Ottoman Empire Beylerbeylik of Algiers | Saadi Sultanate Abd al-Malik Forces | Victory Ottoman force conquers Fez and then Marrakesh Abd al-Malek assumes rule over Morocco as an Ottoman vassal |
| 1578 | Castilian War | Brunei Sulu Sultanate Maguindanao Supported by: Ottoman Empire | Spanish Empire Captaincy General of the Philippines Pro-Spanish Bruneians | Inconclusive The Burning and destruction of the Bruneian Mosque of Kota Batu and the Spanish retreating to Manila Sultan Saiful Rijal 's reconstruction of the Capital of the Sultanate Brunei ceasing to be an empire at sea Spanish-Bruneian relations improved |
| 1578 | Battle of Alcácer Quibir | Saadi Sultanate Ottoman Empire | Portuguese Empire | Victory Death of Abd al-Malik, Abdallah Mohammed and Sebastian of Portugal |
| 1578–1590 | Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578 | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Safavid Empire Kingdom of Kartli | Victory Ottomans gain the Safavid provinces of Georgia, the Erivan province, Daghestan, Shirvan, Karabakh, Lorestan, Khuzestan, and most of Azerbaijan Treaty of Constantinople (1590) |
| 1581 | Capture of Muscat (1581) | Ottoman Empire | Portuguese Empire | Victory |
| 1585 | Ottoman expedition against the Druze | Ottoman Empire | Druze | Victory |
| 1585–1589 | Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1585–1589) in Swahili coast | Ottoman Empire Adal Sultanate supported by: Mogadishu Barawa Lamu Pate Faza Mombasa Pemba | Portuguese Empire supported by: Malindi Zimbas | Defeat Portuguese control in the South East African coast restored and Mir Ali Bey captured |
| 1593–1606 | Long Turkish War | Ottoman Empire Khanate of Crimea | Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Monarchy  Saxony Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Ferrara Duchy of Mantua  Duchy of Savoy Knights of St. Stephen Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Carniola Principality of Transylvania  Wallachia  Moldavia  France  Spain Spanish Netherlands Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Zaporozhian Cossacks Serbian hajduks Papal States | Inconclusive Peace of Zsitvatorok |
| 1596–1597 | Serb uprising of 1596–1597 | Ottoman Empire | Serb rebels | Victory Rebellion suppressed by the Ottoman Empire |
| 1598 | First Tarnovo Uprising | Ottoman Empire | Bulgarian Rebels | Victory Rebellion Suppressed |
| 1599 | Battle of Nakhiduri | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Kartli | Victory King Simon, was taken captive. |
| 1602–1613 | Ottoman–Safavid War | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti | Defeat Treaty of Nasuh Pasha (1612) Safavids regain control over the territories ceded in 1590 to the Ottomans; Azerbaijan, Georgia, Erivan province, Daghestan, Shirvan, Karabakh, Lorestan, and Khuzestan |
| 1603–1618 | Ottoman–Safavid War | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Defeat Treaty of Serav (1618) The terms of the treaty was similar to those of treaty of Nasuh Pasha with several minor rectifications of the border line Also, the annual tribute of the Persian side was reduced from 200 loads to 100 loads. |
| 1609 | Battle of Tashiskari | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Kartli | Defeat The Georgians, led by Giorgi Saakadze won a victory over the Ottoman Turks. |
| 1620–1621 | Polish–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Moldavia | Inconclusive Beneficial treaty in favor of the Ottoman Empire, Poland withdraws behind the Dniester, the Ottomans renew their suzerainty over the Danubian principalities Treaty of Khotyn |
| 1623 | Battle of Anjar | Ottoman Empire | Mount Lebanon Emirate Grand Duchy of Tuscany | Defeat Fakhreddine captures Mustafa Pasha Beylerbey confirms the Ma'ns' governorships |
| 1623–1639 | Ottoman–Safavid War | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Victory Permanent partition of the Caucasus; Western Georgia and Western Armenia goes to the Ottomans, while Eastern Armenia, Dagestan, Eastern and Southern Georgia, and Azerbaijan remain under Persian rule. Ottomans decisively gain control over Mesopotamia |
| 1624–1632 | Abaza Revolts | Ottoman Empire | Abaza Mehmed Pasha forces | Victory Revolts suppressed |
| 1627 | Turkish Abductions | Ottoman Empire | Iceland | Victory Abduction of 400-800 Icelanders |
| 1633–1634 | Polish–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia Principality of Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Inconclusive |
| 1645–1669 | War of Candia | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Venice Order of Saint John Papal States France Maniots | Victory Crete conquered by the Ottoman Empire Venetian gains in Dalmatia |
| 1658–1667 | Druze power struggle | Ottoman Empire | Ma'ani Druze rebels | Victory Maʿnīs lost control of Safad |
| 1663–1664 | Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) | Ottoman Empire | League of the Rhine:  Kingdom of France  Holy Roman Empire  Electorate of Saxony  Brandenburg-Prussia  Electorate of Bavaria  Baden-Baden  Swabia  Piedmont-Savoy  Kingdom of Hungary  Kingdom of Croatia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Victory Peace of Vasvár The Ottomans retain Oradea in Transylvania and gain Nové Zámky from the Kingdom of Hungary Construction of a Habsburg fort along the Waag river, and granted a twenty-year truce. |
| 1672–1676 | Polish–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Wallachia (1673) | Victory Treaty of Buchach: Ottoman Empire gains Podolia and parts of Central Ukraine. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is turned into a fief of the Ottoman Empire for 4 years Treaty of Żurawno: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth regains Bila Tserkva and Pavoloch |
| 1676–1681 | Russo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Tsardom of Russia | Inconclusive The border between Russia and the Ottoman Empire was to constitute the river Dnipro, with Russia being awarded Kiev together with the towns of Stajki, Trypillia, Vasylkiv, Didowszczyzna, Radomyshl, located on the right "Ottoman" bank of the river, the Ottoman Empire recognized the sovereignty of Russia over Left-bank Ukraine. Treaty of Bakhchisarai |
| 1683–1699 | Great Turkish War | Ottoman Empire Vassal states: Crimean Khanate Shamkhalate of Tarki Upper Hungary (1683–5) Moldavia Wallachia Transylvania | Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy Bavaria Franconia  Saxony Swabia Duchy of Styria Royal Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Mantua Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate Republic of Venice  Spanish Empire Montenegro Albanian rebels Serbian rebels Greek rebels Bulgarian rebels Romanian rebels Croatian rebels | Defeat Treaty of Karlowitz Ottoman decline in Europe The Habsburg monarchy wins lands in Hungary, the Principality of Transylvania and the Balkans. Poland-Lithuania captures Podolia. Russia captures the port of Azov. Venice captures Morea and inner Dalmatia. Montenegro gains de facto independence. |
| 1686 | Second Tarnovo Uprising | Ottoman Empire | Bulgarian Rebels | Victory Rebellion Suppressed |
| 1688 | Chiprovtsi Uprising | Ottoman Empire | Rebels | Victory Rebellion Suppressed |
| 1689 | Karposh's Rebellion | Ottoman Empire | Bulgarian Rebels | Victory Rebellion Suppressed Ottomans suppressed rebellions in Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Kumanovo and Skopje |
| 1700–1721 | Great Northern War Russo-Turkish War Skirmish at Bender | Swedish Empire Ottoman Empire (1710–14) Crimean Khanate (1710–14) | Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate Moldavia (1711) | Inconclusive for Ottomans Sweden was defeated Ottoman victory in Pruth River The Tsardom of Russia establishes itself as a new power in Europe Treaty of the Pruth: Azov area is ceded back to the Ottoman Empire. Russia demolishes strategic castles such as Taganrog. Charles XII of Sweden gets safe passage from Turkey to Sweden in 1711. |

## Old Regime (1703–1789)

| Date | Conflict | Ottomans (and allies) | Opposition | Result |
| 1710–1711 | Russo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Tsardom of Russia | Victory Russians would not interfere in Polish's internal affairs. Russians will not have a permanent ambassador in Istanbul. They would allow Swedish King return to his country freely. Azov returns to Ottoman territory. Taganrog and other Russian fortresses are destroyed. Treaty of Pruth |
| 1713 | Skirmish at Bender | Ottoman Empire | Swedish Empire | Victory The Swedish King and the soldiers were captured by the Turks and taken prisoner. |
| 1714–1718 | Ottoman–Venetian War | Ottoman Empire | Republic of Venice Austria (from 1716) Portugal Order of Malta Papal States Kingdom of Spain Himariotes | Victory Morea ceded back to Ottoman Empire |
| 1716–1718 | Austro-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Habsburg Monarchy | Defeat The Banat, Serbia, Oltenia and portions of northern Bosnia were ceded to the Habsburgs Treaty of Passarowitz |
| 1722–1730 | Syunik rebellion | Ottoman Empire | Armenian Rebels | Defeat |
| 1726–1727 | Ottoman–Hotaki War | Ottoman Empire | Hotaki dynasty | Both sides make gains Ottoman political gains, annexing territories in Zanjan, Soltaniyeh, and Abhar. Hotak military victory, Ottoman recognition of Hotaks as Shah of Iran Treaty of Hamedan |
| 1730–1735 | Ottoman–Safavid War | Ottoman Empire | Safavid Empire | Defeat Persian (Nader) reconquest of the entire Caucasus. Ottoman Empire recognized Nader as the new shah of Persia Ottoman Empire conceded Caucasus to Persia The Ottomans also agreed to allow the Iranian hajis (pilgrims) to Mecca (then under Ottoman control) Treaty of Constantinople |
| 1730 | Patrona Halil | Ottoman Empire | Patrona Halil | Tulip Period is ended Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha was executed. Ahmed III had to abdicate the throne. Mahmud I ascended the throne. |
| 1732 | Spanish reconquest of Oran | Regency of Algiers Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Spain | Defeat Spanish reconquest of Oran Spanish reconquest of Mers el-Kebir |
| 1735–1739 | Russo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Russian Empire Cossack Hetmanate | Inconclusive Azov Castle was destroyed, its territory became the border between the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Russians will withdraw from Crimea. Ottoman Empire cedes Azov to Russia. Treaty of Niš |
| 1737–1739 | Austro-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Habsburg monarchy | Victory Habsburg monarchy cedes Kingdom of Serbia, Oltenia, southern Banat to Ottoman Empire Treaty of Belgrade |
| 1743–1746 | Ottoman–Afsharid War | Ottoman Empire | Afsharid dynasty | Inconclusive The boundary line between the two countries was the same boundary line drawn roughly a century earlier according to the Treaty of Zuhab of 1639 (i.e., which included roughly the demarcation of the modern Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran border lines). Treaty of Kerden, Status Quo Ante Bellum |
| 1757 | Battle of Khresili | Ottoman Empire | Kingdom of Imereti Principality of Mingrelia Principality of Guria Principality of Abkhazia (Samurzakano) | Defeat After the battle of Khresili, in 1758–1766, the Ottomans attacked Imereti many times, but they could not subjugate Solomon I. Ottomans were eventually forced to sign a treaty with the kingdom of Imereti |
| 1768–1774 | Russo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire Crimea | Russia | Defeat Ottoman Empire cedes Kerch, Enikale and part of Yedisan to Russia. Crimean Khanate becomes a Russian client state. Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca |
| 1769–1772 | Danish–Algerian War | Deylik of Algiers Ottoman Empire | Denmark–Norway | Victory |
| 1770 | Orlov Revolt | Ottoman Empire | Greeks Supported by: Russia | Victory Ottoman military victory Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca |
| 1770 | Invasion of Mani (1770) | Ottoman Empire | Mani | Defeat Ottoman retreat |
| 1775–1776 | Ottoman–Zand War | Ottoman Empire | Zand Iran | Defeat Basra captured by the Zands Change of territories for the benefit of the Safavids for 4 years and restoration of the previous borders after the peace. |
| 1787–1791 | Austro-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Habsburg monarchy | Inconclusive Orșova and Croatian borderlands ceded to the Habsburg monarchy Treaty of Sistova After this treaty, the two empires never fought each other until their collapse after WWI |
| 1787–1792 | Russo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Russia | Defeat Russian annexation of Ottoman Sanjak of Özi Yedisan or Ochacov Oblast Local Black Sea Cossack Host deported to Kuban as a "reward" Treaty of Jassy |

## Decline and modernization (1789–1908)

| Date | Conflict | Ottomans (and allies) | Opposition | Result |
| 1806–1812 | Russo-Turkish War Napoleonic Wars | Ottoman Empire | Russia | Defeat As the threat from France increased, the war ended and Russia withdrew from Wallachia and Moldavia. Treaty of Bucharest |
| 1807–1809 | Anglo-Turkish War Napoleonic Wars | Ottoman Empire | United Kingdom | Victory Commercial and legal concessions to British interests within the Ottoman Empire Promise to protect the empire against French encroachment Treaty of the Dardanelles |
| 1804–1813 | First Serbian Uprising | Ottoman Empire Bosnia Eyalet Pashalik of Scutari Pashalik of Yanina Supported by: France | Serbia Supported by: Russia (1807–12) | Victory Treaty of Bucharest |
| 1811–1818 | Ottoman-Saudi War | Ottoman Empire Egypt Eyalet | Diriyah | Victory End of the First Saudi State |
| 1813–1836 | Rawandiz revolt | Ottoman Empire Supporters: Yazidis troops Assyrians troops United Kingdom Qajar Iran (Sometimes) | Soran Emirate | Defeat First Revolt successful Establishment of Soran Emirate Independent State |
| 1815–1817 | Second Serbian Uprising | Ottoman Empire | Serbian rebels | Defeat Establishment of the autonomous Principality of Serbia Ottoman Empire loses control over the Sanjak of Smederevo |
| 1820–1824 | Turco-Egyptian conquest of Sudan | Ottoman Empire Egypt | Sennar Sultanate Shayqih Kingdom Sultanate of Darfur | Ottoman-Egyptian military victory Conquest of the region and start of Turco-Egyptian Sudan rule. |
| 1821 | Wallachian Revolution of 1821 | Ottoman Empire Danubian Sich Arnauts  Austrian Empire Moldavian insurgents | Wallachia (revolutionary) Wallachian Divan (conservative) Arnauts | Ottoman military victory, Wallachian political victory End of the Phanariote Era |
| 1821–1832 | Greek War of Independence | Ottoman Empire Egypt Algeria Tripolitania Tunis | Filiki Eteria Greek revolutionaries After 1822: Hellenic RepublicSupported by: Romanian Revolutionaries (1821) Philhellenes United Kingdom (after 1826) Russian Empire (after 1826) Kingdom of France (after 1826) Serb and Montenegrin volunteers | Defeat First Hellenic Republic established and recognized |
| 1821–1823 | Ottoman–Persian War of 1821 | Ottoman Empire | Qajar Iran | Defeat Recognition of the border established by the Treaty of Zuhab (1639) Treaty of Erzurum |
| 1828–1829 | Russo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Russia | Defeat In recognition of the Treaty of London, the independence of Greece, or autonomy under Ottoman suzerainty, was accepted. The Ottoman Empire had nominal suzerainty over the Danube states of Moldavia and Wallachia; for all practical purposes, they were independent. Russia took control of the towns of Anape and Poti in Caucasus. The Russian traders in Turkey were placed under the legal jurisdiction of the Russian ambassador. Treaty of Adrianople |
| 1830–1903 | French conquest of Algeria | Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Emirate of Abdelkader Kingdom of Ait Abbas Kel Ahaggar | France | Defeat Pacification of Algeria |
| 1831–1832 | Bosnian Uprising of 1831–1832 | Ottoman Empire | Bosnian Landlords | Victory Rebellion suppressed by the Ottoman Empire Herzegovina Eyalet was seceded from Bosnia Eyalet Ayan system was abolished |
| 1831–1833 | Egyptian–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire | Egypt Eyalet | Defeat Egypt gained the Aleppo Vilayet and the Syria Vilayet. Convention of Kütahya Egypt becomes an autonomous vassal of the Ottoman Empire Unresolved tensions result in a second war six years later |
| 1832–1848 | Ottoman–Ethiopian border conflicts | Ottoman Empire Egypt | Ethiopian Empire | Inconclusive Ethiopia retains territorial integrity and independence Ottoman-Egyptians expand south into the Great Lakes region |
| 1833 | Albanian Revolt of 1833 in Kolonjë | Ottoman Empire | Tosk Rebels | Defeat Revolts begin in protest to new Ottoman reforms in Albania Following this, many revolts follow in the coming decades |
| 1833 | Albanian Revolt of 1833 in Shkodër | Ottoman Empire | Shkodran Rebels Malsor Rebels | Defeat Shkodër is captured by the Rebels. Ottomans unsuccessfully besiege Shkodër for three months. The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands. Violations of agreements by the Ottomans in 1835 starts another revolt |
| 1833 | Albanian Revolt of 1833 in Southern Albania | Ottoman Empire | Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels | Defeat Large areas of Southern Albania are captured by the Rebels, including the Castle of Berat The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands |
| 1834 | Albanian Revolt of 1834 | Ottoman Empire | Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels | Defeat Berat is captured by the Rebels after two months of siege The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands in January 1835 following the fall of Berat Agreements of peace are violated by the Ottomans later in 1835, starting another revolt |
| 1835 | Albanian Revolt of 1835 in South Albania | Ottoman Empire | Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels Çam Rebels | Victory Rebels march against Ioannina Ottoman reinforcements force the Rebels to retreat |
| 1835 | Albanian Revolt of 1835 in North Albania | Ottoman Empire | Shkodran Rebels Reinforcements: Kosovar Rebels Volunteers: Malsor Volunteers Gheg Volunteers Mirdita Tribesmen Mati Tribesmen Dibran Volunteers | Defeat Large areas of North Albania rise up in revolt, with Shkodër besieged and the rebels defeat the Ottomans in battle Albanian reinforcements to the Shkodrans are sent from Postribe, Kosovo, Malësia, Ulqin (now Ulcinj), Podgorica, Mirditë, Mat and Dibra Ottoman forces are defeated in battle by the insurgents in July Ottomans trick many rebels into withdrawing through a false ceasefire, and successfully capture Lezhë in order to relieve Shkodër Ottomans carry out Albanian demands in order to calm the situation |
| 1836 | Albanian Revolt of 1836 in South Albania | Ottoman Empire | Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels | Inconclusive Albanian rebellion in Vlora is suppressed |
| 1836 | Expedition to Najd (1836) | Ottoman Empire Egypt | Emirate of Najd | Victory Khalid bin Saud Al Saud appointed as ruler of Najd on behalf of the Ottoman Empire Mehmet Ali occupies Najd, al-Hasa and Qatif and gains the submission of Bahrain, Qatar and Trucial Oman |
| 1837 | Albanian Revolt of 1837 in Mat | Ottoman Empire | Mati Tribesmen | Inconclusive Rebellion in Mat is suppressed |
| 1837 | Albanian Revolt of 1837 in Myzeqe | Ottoman Empire | Myzeq Rebels Tosk Rebels | Victory Rebel victory at the Battle of Berat. Rebel defeat at the Battle of Frakulla. Local leaders captured and rebellion in Myzeqe is suppressed |
| 1837 | Albanian Revolt of 1837 in North Albania | Ottoman Empire | Kosovar Rebels Gheg Rebels | Victory Gjakova, Pejë, Plava, Gucia are captured by the rebels but then retaken by the Ottomans |
| 1837 | Albanian Revolt of 1837 in Dibër | Ottoman Empire | Dibran Rebels | Defeat Upper and Lower Dibër are captured by the rebels Ottomans meet rebel demands |
| 1839 | Albanian Revolt of 1839 in South Albania | Ottoman Empire | Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels | Defeat Berat is besieged and the rebellion spreads to the Sanjak of Vlora Ottomans meet Albanian demands |
| 1839 | Albanian Revolt of 1839 in Prizren | Ottoman Empire | Kosovar Rebels | Defeat Prizren is captured by rebels in protest of new reforms Ottomans drop reforms and the revolt ends |
| 1839–1841 | Egyptian–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire British Empire Austrian Empire Russia Prussia | Egypt Eyalet France Spain | Victory Egypt renounced its claim to Syria Convention of London enforced by allied powers Ottoman failure to take Syria by military force Recognition of Muhammad Ali and his descendants as legitimate rulers of Egypt |
| 1843–1844 | Uprising of Dervish Cara | Ottoman Empire | Dibran Rebels | Victory Albanians under Dervish Cara capture large areas in northern Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia. Ottomans promise Albanian autonomy but then launch an invasion, retaking areas and suppressing the rebellion, aided by Catholic Mirdita tribesmen under Bibë Dodë |
| 1847 | Albanian Revolt of 1847 | Ottoman Empire | Tosk Rebels Lab Rebels Çam Rebels | Victory Rebels defeat the Ottomans in four separate battles and besiege the castles of Berat and Gjirokastër. Large areas of Southern Albania are captured. Ottomans organise a false amnesty, in which many of the rebel leaders are captured. Ottomans lift the sieges and areas are retaken |
| 1848 | Wallachian Revolution of 1848 | Wallachia Ottoman Empire Russian Empire | Revolutionaries Liberals Nationalists | Counterrevolutionary victory Gheorghe Bibescu overthrown Provisional government formed Conservative coup d'état Wallachia invaded by the Russian and Ottoman Empires Revolution suppressed Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei brought to the throne |
| 1852–1853 | Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–53) | Ottoman Empire | Montenegro | Defeat Without significant territorial changes |
| 1852–1862 | Herzegovina Uprising (1852–1862) | Ottoman Empire | Rebels | Victory |
| 1853–1856 | Crimean War | Ottoman Empire France Egypt Tunis  Britain Sardinia Supported by: Austrian Empire Caucasus Imamate Circassia Abkhazia | Russian Empire Mingrelia Kurdish rebels Greece | Victory Treaty of Paris |
| 1854 | Macedonian Revolution of 1854 | Ottoman Empire Supported By: France Britain | Greek Revolutionaries Supported By: Greece | Victory |
| 1858 | Battle of Grahovac | Ottoman Empire | Montenegro | Defeat |
| 1861–1862 | Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–62) | Ottoman Empire | Montenegro | Victory Convention of Scutari |
| 1862 | First Zeitun Resistance | Ottoman Empire | Armenian fedayees | Defeat Ottoman troops pillage Alabaş Ottoman troops withdraw from the region |
| 1866–1869 | Cretan Revolt | Ottoman Empire Egypt | Greek Revolutionaries Supported by: Kingdom of Greece | Victory Suppression of the revolt |
| 1874–1876 | Egyptian–Ethiopian War | Ottoman Empire Egypt | Ethiopian Empire | Defeat Hewett Treaty |
| 1875 | Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877) | Ottoman Empire | Serb rebels Aided by:  Montenegro  Serbia | Victory Revolt suppressed |
| 1876 | April Uprising | Ottoman Empire | Bulgarian revolutionaries | Victory Uprising suppressed; Suppression led to the Constantinople Conference, then to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) and ultimately to the Liberation of Bulgaria |
| 1876–1878 | Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–78) | Ottoman Empire | Montenegro | Defeat Montenegro gains the towns of Nikšić, Kolašin, Spuž, Podgorica, Žabljak and Bar. Montenegro's territory increases from 4,405 km$^2$ to 9,475 km$^2$ De jure independence of Montenegro Treaty of San Stefano Treaty of Berlin |
| 1876–1877 | First Serbian–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire Egypt | Serbia  Montenegro Russian Volunteers Bulgarian Volunteers | Defeat British public opinion turns against the Ottomans Russian-mediated truce |
| 1877–1878 | Russo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Russia Romania Bulgarian volunteers Serbia Montenegro | Defeat Treaty of San Stefano Treaty of Berlin Treaty of Constantinople Reestablishment of the Bulgarian state De jure independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro from Turkey The annexation of Kars and Batum into Russia Kars and Batum Oblasts become part of the Russian Empire, Britain occupies Cyprus, Austria-Hungary occupies Bosnia Russian annexation of Southern Bessarabia from Romania, Romanian annexation of Northern Dobruja Official recognition of de facto and de jure independence of the Balkan states. |
| 1877–1878 | Second Serbian–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire | Serbia Russia | Defeat De jure independence of Serbia Tens of thousands of Turkish, Jewish and Albanian civilians expelled |
| 1878 | Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Ottoman Empire  Bosnia | Austria-Hungary | Defeat Incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina into Austria-Hungary |
| 1879-1882 | Urabi revolt | Ottoman Empire Egypt Supported By: France Britain | Ahmed Urabi Egyptian rebel forces | Defeat |
| 1880 | Battle of Ulcinj (1880) | Ottoman Empire | Albanian irregulars League of Prizren | Victory The Albanians clashed with the Ottomans at the Kodra e Kuqe, near the village of Kllezna. The Albanians defeated the first wave of Ottoman forces but when reinforcements arrived the Albanians were temporarily defeated and returned. The commander Isuf Sokoli was wounded and died later that day. In 1880, on 23 November, the Ottomans continued to march in the city and surrendered the city to the Montenegrin army. The city had officially been handed over to Montenegro and after a 30-month-long negotiation process, with European powers involved, the battle ended. |
| 1881 | French conquest of Tunisia | Ottoman Empire Ottoman Tunisia | France | Defeat Tunisia becomes a French protectorate |
| 1882 | Anglo-Egyptian War Bombardment of Alexandria | Ottoman Empire Egypt | Britain  British Raj | Defeat British occupation of Egypt British intervention in Sudan |
| 1893–1908 | Macedonian Struggle | Ottoman Empire Greek Kingdom Serbian Kingdom Romanian Kingdom | Bulgarian Principality | Inconclusive Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Romania and the Ottoman Empire fight a four way war War end inconclusively after Young Turk Revolution Bulgaria gains full independence in 1908 |
| 1893 | Ottoman–Qatari War | Ottoman Empire | Qatar | Defeat Relinquishment of Qatari captives Eventual independence of Qatar from the Ottoman Empire |
| 1895–1896 | Zeitun Rebellion (1895–96) | Ottoman Empire | Hunchak Party | Defeat |
| 1897 | Greco-Turkish War of 1897 | Ottoman Empire | Greece Italian volunteers Armenian volunteers | Victory Small parts of Thessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire |
| 1897–1898 | Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) | Ottoman Empire | Cretan revolutionaries Kingdom of Greece British Empire France Italy Russian Empire Austria-Hungary (until April 12, 1898) German Empire (until March 16, 1898) | Defeat Establishment of the Cretan State Withdraw of Ottoman forces from Crete |
| 1903 | Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising | Ottoman Empire | IMARO SMAC Kruševo Republic Strandzha Commune | Victory Suppression of the uprising Direct involvement of Russian and the Austro-Hungarian Empires to resolve the Macedonian issue and implementation of the Mürzsteg reforms Ottoman reprisals against Christian civilians 30,000 refugees flee to Tsardom of Bulgaria. |
| 1904 | Sasun Uprising | Ottoman Empire | Armenian fedayi | Victory |
| 1905 | Shoubak revolt | Ottoman Empire | Inhabitants of Shoubak | Victory Rebellion brutally suppressed |

## Dissolution (1908–1922)

| Date | Conflict | Ottomans (and allies) | Opposition | Result |
| 1908 | Young Turk Revolution | Ottoman Imperial Government | Young Turks CUP Ottoman Army Third Army Second Army First Army | Young Turks victory Second Constitutional Era begins Repromulgation of the Constitution Reinstatement of the parliament General elections are called |
| 1910 | Albanian Revolt of 1910 | Ottoman Empire | Kosovar Rebels Shkodran Rebels Dibran Rebels Malsor Tribesman Support: Kingdom of Serbia | Victory Areas of the Kosovo Vilayet captured by the Rebels are partially retaken by the Ottomans Ottomans invade Shkodër and Dibran territories, including Debre Rebellion suppressed Rebels limited to the highlands |
| 1911 | Albanian Revolt of 1911 | Ottoman Empire | Malsor Tribesman Shkodran Tribesmen | Defeat The Ottomans peacefully pacify the rebels |
| 1911–1912 | Italo-Turkish War | Ottoman Empire | Italy | Defeat Italy gains Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Fezzan and the Dodecanese Islands annexation of Libya Start of the First Balkan War The Ottoman Empire lost its last land in Africa Treaty of Ushi |
| 1912 | Albanian Revolt of 1912 | Ottoman Empire | Kosovar Rebels Gheg Rebels Shkodran Rebels Malsor Rebels Dibran Rebels Central Albanian Muslims Tosk Rebels Mati Tribesmen Mirdita Tribesmen Ottoman Albanian Deserters Armaments Support: Kingdom of Montenegro Vocal Support: Austria-Hungary Kingdom of Bulgaria British Empire | Defeat Albanian Rebels capture Üsküp and all of the Kosovo Vilayet, large parts of the Scutari Vilayet and Dibër (Debar) in the Monastir Vilayet Ottomans agree to Albanian demands, including the formation of the Albanian Vilayet. However the outbreak of the First Balkan War prevents this vilayet from de facto forming |
| 1912–1913 | First Balkan War | Ottoman Empire Circassian volunteers Albanian volunteers and irregulars | Balkan League:  Bulgaria  Greece  Serbia  Montenegro Italian Redshirts | Defeat The western border of the Ottoman Empire will be the Midye-Enez line. Thessaloniki, Southern Macedonia will be given to Greece. The Ottoman Empire renounced all its rights on the island of Crete in favor of the allied forces. Central and Northern Macedonia will be left to Serbia. Determining the future of the Aegean Islands will be left to the great powers. (The Ottoman Empire officially lost the Aegean Islands.) Treaty of London |
| 1913 | Second Balkan War | Serbia  Romania  Greece  Montenegro  Ottoman Empire | Bulgaria | Victory Bulgarian defeat Treaty of Bucharest Treaty of Constantinople |
| 1914–1918 | World War I Middle Eastern theatre Eastern theatre Balkans theatre African theatre | Central Powers  Germany  Austria-Hungary  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria | Allied Powers France  British Empire  United Kingdom  Canada  Newfoundland  Australia  New Zealand  India  South Africa Russian Empire  United States  Italy  Japan  China  Serbia  Montenegro  Romania  Belgium  Greece  Portugal  Brazil | Defeat Armistice of 11 November 1918 Paris Peace Conference Communist Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War, with the subsequent formation of the Soviet Union after Establishment of the Weimar Republic The rise of the United States position Transfer of German colonies and territories to other countries, partition of the Ottoman Empire, dissolution of Austria-Hungary Turkish War of Independence Creation of the League of Nations |
| 1917–1923 | Russian Civil War German Caucasus expedition Armenian–Azerbaijani War Battle of Baku | White movement  German Empire (1917–1918)  Ottoman Empire (1917–1918) Azerbaijan (1918) Finland (1918–1919) Georgia  Austria-Hungary (1917–1918) Ukrainian State (1918) | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic Commune of Estonia Lithuanian SSR Latvian SSR | Inconclusive |
| 1918–1920 | Armenian–Azerbaijani War | Azerbaijan (until April 1920) Ottoman Empire (1918) Republic of Aras (1918–1919)  Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (since April 1920) Soviet Azerbaijan (since April 1920) | Armenia  United Kingdom Centrocaspian Dictatorship | Inconclusive |
| 1918–1923 | Occupation of Constantinople | Ottoman Empire | United Kingdom France Italy Greece United States Japan | Temporary occupation Constantinople Military occupation by the United Kingdom, followed by France and Italy, then abandoned. Britain officially dismantled the Ottoman Empire parliament on 16 March 1920 and restored it on 9 September 1922 to the Ankara Government |
| 1919–1923 | Turkish War of Independence | Greece France Armenia (in 1920) United Kingdom Ottoman Empire (until 1922) Kuva-yi Inzibatiye (in 1920) Georgia (in 1921) | Turkish National Movement Grand National Assembly (after 1920) Kuva-yi Nizamiye Kuva-yi Milliye (until 1920) Supported by:  Russian SFSR Azerbaijan SSR Georgian SSR Bukharan PSR Afghanistan All-India Muslim League Italy | Partial Victory Treaty of Lausanne Overthrow of the Ottoman sultanate Withdrawal of Allied forces from occupied lands of Turkey Establishment of the Republic of Turkey Starting of the series of reforms led by Atatürk |