OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anthony B. Akers

Anthony Boyce Akers (October 19, 1914 – April 1, 1976) was an American attorney, diplomat, and political candidate who served as the United States Ambassador to New Zealand from 1961 to 1963.

## Early life and education

Akers was born in Charlotte, Texas, and attended the University of Texas at Austin. He later graduated from Columbia Law School.

## Career

Enlisting in the United States Navy in 1940, he served in the Pacific War as lieutenant commander of a PT boat, and was awarded a Silver Star and two Presidential citations. He was one of four officers who became the fictionalized heroes of William L. White's 1942 novel They Were Expendable, based on his Squadron 3's evacuation of General Douglas MacArthur and President Manuel Quezon from Corregidor to Australia. When John Ford filmed the story, Akers served as a technical advisor.
During the Korean War, Akers served as Deputy Assistant Secretary and Deputy United States Under Secretary of the Air Force. He was director of the New York City office of the State Department of Commerce until 1958. He ran unsuccessfully for Congress as a Democrat in the East Side 17th District three times: in 1954, 1956 and 1958.
Akers had first met John F. Kennedy in World War II. Akers ran the motor torpedo boat training squadron in Melville, Rhode Island where Kennedy trained. Kennedy campaigned for Akers in the latter's 1956 bid for Congress, and Akers served as executive chairman of the NY Citizens' Committee for Kennedy–Johnson in 1960. After winning the presidency, Kennedy appointed Akers Ambassador to New Zealand in June 1961, where he represented the United States until August 25, 1963. During his time in New Zealand, he lobbied the ANZUS to send advisory personnel to Vietnam. Akers returned to the United States, intending to take over the job of Chief of Protocol from Angier Biddle Duke. After the President's assassination, Akers returned to practicing law. He later worked as an advisor on the Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign, and was present at the Ambassador Hotel when Kennedy was assassinated.

## Personal life

Akers was married to Jane Pope, the daughter of architect John Russell Pope. Akers and his wife had two daughters: Andra Akers, an actress, and Ellery Akers, a poet and naturalist.
Akers died of a heart attack on April 1, 1976, in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, aged 61.
# Nick Barbaro

Nicolo Rafael Barbaro (born 1952), better known as Nick Barbaro, is an American journalist and businessman who is the co-founder of The Austin Chronicle and co-creator of the South by Southwest (SXSW) festival. Barbaro's contributions have helped define the Austin, Texas music community.
He co-owns the South by Southwest festival, which he co-created with Roland Swenson, Louis Black and Louis Jay Meyers in 1987. He is also the publisher of The Austin Chronicle, an alternative weekly newspaper, which he founded in 1981 with Louis Black.

## Biography

Barbaro is the son of Marilyn Buferd (Miss America 1946) and Francesco Barbaro, a WWII Italian submarine commander, movie agent and producer. Barbaro grew up in Los Angeles and also Dallas. He attended UCLA where he developed his interest in cinema.
In the mid-1970s he moved to Austin and enrolled in the University of Texas. There he earned a graduate degree in Radio, Television, and Film. While at UT he worked on The Daily Texan where he served as film critic.
He lives in Austin with his wife Susan Moffat.
# Amílcar Henríquez

Amílcar Henríquez Espinosa (August 2, 1983 – April 15, 2017) was a Panamanian footballer.

## Club career

Born in Panama City, Henríquez began his club career with local side Árabe Unido. He spent one season with Costa Rica with Santacruceña before moving to Colombia in 2009. He became an important player for Atlético Huila and joined Independiente Medellín in July 2012. After a season back at Árabe Unido, he returned to Colombia to play for second division side Real Cartagena in December 2014.
In March 2015, Henríquez was released by Cartagena due to alleged indiscipline and in June 2015 he was snapped up by América Cali. In 2016, he returned to Árabe Unido.

## International career

Henríquez made his debut for Panama in a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against El Salvador and has, as of 10 June 2015, earned a total of 85 caps, scoring no goals. He represented his country in 15 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 2007, 2009 and 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cups.
His final international was a March 2017 qualification match for the 2018 FIFA World Cup against the United States.

## Death

On 15 April 2017, Henríquez was killed in his hometown of Colón in a drive-by shooting. He was shot while leaving his house; two other people were also injured in the incident.
Árabe Unido decided to retire his jersey #21 in his honor.
# Therme Group

Therme Group is a wellness infrastructure company that operates spa, sauna, and indoor water park complexes in Europe. It has a location in Bucharest, Romania, and has announced plans for resorts in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States.
In 2024, Therme Group acquired Therme Erding, using a €320 million funding received from Macquarie Capital’s Principal Finance team with its own equity.
# Georgios Roubanis

Georgios Roubanis (Greek: Γεωργιος Ρουμπανης; 15 August 1929 – 11 February 2025) was a Greek pole vaulter. He was born in Thessaloniki, Greece, and his family hails from Stemnitsa. He competed at three Olympic Games. He was the elder brother of Aristeidis. He was named the 1956 Greek Athlete of the Year.
At the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games, he won a bronze medal in the pole vault, as he scored 4.50 m (Greek record at the time), on 26 November 1956. In order to attend the Melbourne event, Roubanis lost a semester of his studies at UCLA in the United States. He abandoned athletics in 1961. After studying political economics, he got his master's degree in local self-government. He had worked in the U.S. for 5 years as a management consultant, for a movie company. He had also set up an advertising company and a printing plant. In sports, he served as the president of the Panhellenic Association of Calisthenics and founded several other associations.
Roubanis died in Athens on 11 February 2025, at the age of 95.
# Gift (Ai song)

"Gift" is a song recorded by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai, released April 24, 2020, by EMI Records. The song served as the theme song for TBS' King's Brunch and subsequently as the fifth and final single from Ai's extended play, It's All Me, Vol. 1.

## Background and promotion

In March 2020, TBS announced Ai would be releasing a song titled "Gift", which would serve as the theme song for their King's Brunch variety show in celebration of its 25th anniversary. The program's chief producer Wataru Hiraga stated that only the chorus of the song would be used for the theme song, but recommended to listen to the full song.
A lyric video teaser was released two days prior to the song's release. In June, "Gift" was revealed to be included on Ai's extended play, It's All Me, Vol. 1 as the fifth and final single.

## Music and lyrics

Billboard Japan described "Gift" as a "message song" that shows the value of Ai, comparing the song to her 2011 single, "Happiness".

## Music video

A music video for "Gift" was released in June 2020. Directed by Kensaku Kakimoto, Ai is seen singing with various flowers in the background, meant to represent life forces. A red thread is shown connecting the flowers, referring to the read thread of fate.

## Live performances

Ai performed "Gift" during her Global Citizen Together at Home performance live on Instagram. She additionally performed the song live on Nippon Television's Sukiri on June 24, 2020.

## Track listing

Digital download and streaming
* "Gift" — 3:38

## Charts

Chart performance for "Gift" :
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Japan Digital Singles Chart (Oricon) | 44 |
| Japan Download Songs (Billboard Japan) | 53 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* Ai Uemura – songwriting, production, lead vocals
* Uta – songwriting, production

## Release history

Release history and formats for "Gift" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | April 24, 2020 | Digital downloadstreaming | EMIUniversal | |
# Joseph Colborne-Veel

Joseph Veel Colborne-Veel (1831 – 29 July 1895) was a journalist and educator in Christchurch, New Zealand.

## Early life

Colborne-Veel was born in 1831 in Gloucester, England and received his early education at Kidderminster. Sources differ whether he graduated in 1856 with honours from Magdalen College, Oxford, or from the adjacent but unrelated Magdalen Hall, Oxford. He once won an essay competition, beating Stopford Brooke to second place. Brooke later made a career as a writer, but in the essay competition, his style was marked "too flowery", whilst Veel was judged having used "good, straight-forward, sensible English." In his younger days, he was a successful athlete and once won the lightweight sculls in Oxford. Once in Christchurch, he frequently appeared in the media as a cricketer. In his later life, he was a keen chess player. He married Anne Maria Anstey (1840–1910) in 1857, who was also from Gloucestershire.

## Life in New Zealand

Immediately after the wedding, they emigrated to New Zealand on the Glentanner, arriving in Lyttelton on 3 October 1857. With strong ties to the Anglican church, he had a letter of introduction with him to James FitzGerald, who had just gone to England as Canterbury's immigration agent (1857–1860), though. Colborne-Veel initially went farming in Linwood and marked exam papers for Christ's College.
He was editor of the Christchurch newspaper The Press from December 1861 to 1878 with a break of several months during 1868. In March 1868, he left during a time a deep economic depression to be sub-editor of the Westland Observer, a newspaper run by George Sale. At The Press, he was replaced by Charles Purnell. Towards the end of that year, the ownership of The Press changed, its publication reverted from three times a week to daily, and Purnell moved on. Colborne-Veel was attracted back as the newspaper's editor by December 1868.
Following his career as a journalist, education in Canterbury was the area that he was most eager to enhance. He resigned from The Press in 1878 to become secretary for the education board was principal of the Christchurch Normal School (1893–1895), and was a member of the Board of Governors of Canterbury College (1875–1895). He died suddenly during a meeting of the Board of Governors on 29 July 1895. He was buried at Barbadoes Street Cemetery. He was survived by his wife, one son, and three daughters; his last residence had been in Montreal Street. His wife died in November 1910.
# Bernardino Ramazzini

Bernardino Ramazzini (Italian pronunciation:; 4 October 1633 – 5 November 1714) was an Italian physician.
Ramazzini, along with Francesco Torti, was an early proponent of the use of cinchona bark (from which quinine is derived) in the treatment of malaria. His most important contribution to medicine was his book on occupational diseases, De Morbis Artificum Diatriba ("Diseases of Workers").

## Life

Ramazzini was born in Carpi on 4 October 1633 according to his birth certificate. He studied medicine at the University of Parma, where his interest in occupational diseases began.

## Career

He was appointed to the chair of theory of medicine at University of Modena in 1682 then served as professor of medicine at the University of Padua from 1700 until his death. He is often called "the father of occupational medicine"
The first edition of De Morbis was published in 1700 in Modena, the second in 1713 in Padua.

### Occupational medicine

His book on occupational diseases, De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (Diseases of Workers) outlined the health hazards of chemicals, dust, metals, repetitive or violent motions, odd postures, and other disease-causative agents encountered by workers in more than fifty occupations. This was one of the founding and seminal works of occupational medicine and played a substantial role in its development.
He proposed that physicians should extend the list of questions that Hippocrates recommended they ask their patients by adding, "What is your occupation?".
Ramazzini saw prevention as being better than cure. In his Oratio given in 1711, he suggested that "it is much better to prevent than to cure, and so much easier to foresee future harm and avoid it rather than have to get rid of it after having fallen prey".

### Malaria

In regards to malaria, Ramazzini was one of the first to support the use of the quinine-rich bark cinchona. Many falsely claimed that quinine was toxic and ineffective, but Ramazzini recognized its importance. He is quoted, "It [quinine] did for medicine what gun powder did for war."

### Cancer

In 1713, Bernardino Ramazzini said that nuns developed breast cancer at a higher rate than married women, because they did not engage in sexual intercourse, and the "unnatural" lack of sexual activity caused instability of the breast tissues that sometimes developed into breast cancer.

## Death

Ramazzini died in Padua on 5 November 1714.

## Acknowledgement

In a lifestyle article "Sitting can lead to an early death", the writer acknowledged Ramazzini's pioneering study of this field in the 17th century.
The honor society Collegium Ramazzini is named after him.
# Latin Opinion

Latin Opinion is a bilingual monthly newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland. It is published in both Spanish and English. The paper was founded in 2004 to serve the Baltimore Hispanic community's desire for a Spanish-language newspaper. The newspaper distributes 5,000 copies to churches, businesses, and community organizations in the Baltimore area.
# Chat Tatars

The Chats (Tatar: чат татарлары, Siberian Tatar: цат татарлар, цаттыр, чатар) are one of the three subgroups of Tom Tatar group of Siberian Tatars. Their traditional areas of settlement are on the rivers Ob, Chik, Uen', and Chaus in Kozhevnikovsky District, Tomsk Oblast, and in Kolyvansky and Moshkovsky districts, Novosibirsk Oblast since the 8th century, later also on the territory of modern Shegarsky, Tomsky, Kochenyovsky, Bolotninsky, Novosibirsky, Toguchinsky, Iskitimsky, Ordynsky districts, and in the cities of Tomsk, Novosibirsk, and Berdsk.
The Chats (along with other related groups) are Sunni Muslims.
# Nernst heat theorem

The Nernst heat theorem was formulated by Walther Nernst early in the twentieth century and was used in the development of the third law of thermodynamics.

## The theorem

The Nernst heat theorem says that as absolute zero is approached, the entropy change ΔS for a chemical or physical transformation approaches 0. This can be expressed mathematically as follows:
    $\lim _{T\to 0}\Delta S=0$
The above equation is a modern statement of the theorem. Nernst often used a form that avoided the concept of entropy.
Another way of looking at the theorem is to start with the definition of the Gibbs free energy (G), $G=H-TS$, where H stands for enthalpy. For a change from reactants to products at constant temperature and pressure the equation becomes $\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S$.
In the limit of T = 0 the equation reduces to just ΔG = ΔH, as illustrated in the figure shown here, which is supported by experimental data. However, it is known from thermodynamics that the slope of the ΔG curve is −ΔS. Since the slope shown here reaches the horizontal limit of 0 as T → 0 then the implication is that ΔS → 0, which is the Nernst heat theorem.
The significance of the Nernst heat theorem is that it was later used by Max Planck to give the third law of thermodynamics, which is that the entropy of all pure, perfectly crystalline homogeneous materials in complete internal equilibrium is 0 at absolute zero.
# Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations

The ambassador and permanent representative of Australia to the United Nations is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Permanent Mission of the Commonwealth of Australia to the United Nations in New York. The position has the rank and status of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and is the lead Australian representative to the UN, although that role is also shared with representatives present at the United Nations Office in Geneva, the United Nations Office in Vienna and the United Nations Office at Nairobi, and the delegations to UNESCO and the United Nations Agencies in Rome. Australia is a charter member of the United Nations and has sent representatives to New York since 1946.
The permanent representative, currently James Larsen, is charged with representing Australia during plenary meetings of the General Assembly and, when Australia holds a non-permanent seat or by invitation, the Security Council, except in the rare situation in which a more senior officer (such as the Minister for Foreign Affairs or the Prime Minister of Australia) is present. The post is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia in the name of the monarch, and nominated by the prime minister.

## List of permanent representatives

| # | Officeholder | Term start date | Term end date | Time in office |
| 1 | Norman Makin (Head of Delegation) | 1945 (1945) | 1946 (1946) | 0–1 years |
| 2 | Paul Hasluck | 1946 (1946) | 1947 (1947) | 0–1 years |
| 3 | John Hood | 1947 (1947) | 1950 (1950) | 2–3 years |
| − | Mick Shann (Acting) | 1950 (1950) | 1951 (1951) | 0–1 years |
| 4 | Bill Forsyth | 1951 (1951) | 1956 (1956) | 4–5 years |
| 5 | Edward Ronald Walker | 1956 (1956) | 1959 (1959) | 2–3 years |
| 6 | James Plimsoll | 1959 (1959) | 1963 (1963) | 3–4 years |
| 7 | David Hay | 1964 (1964) | 1965 (1965) | 0–1 years |
| 8 | Patrick Shaw | 1965 (1965) | 1970 (1970) | 4–5 years |
| 9 | Laurence McIntyre | 1970 (1970) | 1975 (1975) | 4–5 years |
| 10 | Ralph Harry | 1975 (1975) | 1978 (1978) | 2–3 years |
| 11 | Harold David Anderson | 1978 (1978) | 1982 (1982) | 3–4 years |
| 12 | Richard Woolcott | 1982 (1982) | 1988 (1988) | 5–6 years |
| − | Michael Costello (Acting) | 1988 (1988) | 1989 (1989) | 0–1 years |
| 13 | Peter Wilenski | 1989 (1989) | 1992 (1992) | 2–3 years |
| 14 | Richard Butler | 1992 (1992) | 1996 (1996) | 3–4 years |
| 15 | Penelope Wensley | 1997 (1997) | 2001 (2001) | 3–4 years |
| 16 | John Dauth | 2001 (2001) | 2006 (2006) | 4–5 years |
| − | Caroline Millar (Acting) | 2006 (2006) | 2006 (2006) | 0 years |
| 17 | Robert Hill | 2006 (2006) | 2009 (2009) | 2–3 years |
| 18 | Gary Quinlan | 2009 (2009) | 2014 (2014) | 4–5 years |
| 19 | Gillian Bird | 2015 (2015) | 2019 (2019) | 3–4 years |
| 20 | Mitch Fifield | 17 October 2019 (2019-10-17) | 1 July 2023 | 3 years, 257 days |
| 21 | James Larsen | 26 July 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 215 days |
# Jesus Was a Cross Maker

"Jesus Was a Cross Maker" is a 1971 song by American singer-songwriter Judee Sill from her eponymous debut album. It has subsequently been recorded by the likes of Cass Elliot, The Hollies, Warren Zevon, and Linda Ronstadt.

## Composition

Months after completing the recording sessions for her debut album, Sill was touring as an opening act and reeling from the end of a “dramatic affair” with fellow songwriter JD Souther. She began composing "Jesus Was a Cross Maker" while reading the 1955 Nikos Kazantzakis novel The Last Temptation of Christ, in which Jesus is portrayed as a carpenter who builds wooden crosses for the Romans. “I was so excited when I was writin’ that song,” Sill said in 1972, “because it was not only the best thing I’d ever written, and I knew it, but it took the weight off my heart and turned it into somethin’ else, and I was able to forgive the guy for the horrible romantic bummer he'd put me on. And I gained a new kind of strength from it, from that combination of forgiveness and creation.”
In a 2014 interview, Souther recalled his first time hearing the song. “She came over to my house at about seven or eight in the morning,” he said. “Pounded on the door, woke me up, came in, sat on my bed, and said, ‘This is for you,’ very sourly. Then she played it for me.”

## Recording and release

The song was orchestrated by Don Bagley and Bob Harris and produced by Graham Nash, with a production designed for radio airplay. The last-minute addition of “Jesus Was a Cross Maker” to Sill's debut album necessitated the removal of two songs, “The Pearl” and “The Phoenix,” which later appeared on her 1973 album Heart Food.

## Other recordings

* Cass Elliot on her 1972 album Cass Elliot.
* The Hollies on their 1972 album Romany and on the 2006 soundtrack album Elizabethtown: Volume 1.
* Judie Tzuke on her 1991 album Left Hand Talking.
* Warren Zevon on his 1995 album Mutineer.
* Linda Ronstadt on her 1999 compilation album The Linda Ronstadt Box Set (as “Bandit & A Heart-Breaker”).
* Rachael Yamagata on the 2006 soundtrack album Elizabethtown: Volume 2.
* Frida Hyvönen on the 2009 tribute album Crayon Angel: A Tribute to the Music of Judee Sill.
* BRAHMAN on their 2013 album Chōkoku (超克).

## Legacy

The song received renewed attention after Cameron Crowe featured The Hollies’ cover version in his 2005 film Elizabethtown. Crowe has described the song as “the black-sheep stepbrother of ‘Bridge over Troubled Water.’”
The Frida Hyvönen cover closed the Letterkenny season 6 episode "Dyck's Slip Out."
The original was used to close the Minx season 1 episode 8 "Oh, you're the sun now? Giver of life?"
Cass Elliot's recording of the song is played over the end credits of the Outer Range season 1 finale, episode 8 “The West”.
The original was used as a recurring motif throughout multiple episodes of Dag.
# Lebanon Express

The Lebanon Express was a weekly newspaper in Lebanon, Oregon. It was owned by Lee Enterprises. The paper ceased publication in January 2023.

## History

The Lebanon Express was first published by Jacob H. Stine on March 5, 1887. Stine left the paper after a year. In 1987, Hugh Yandel Kirkpatrick merged the Lebanon Express with the Lebanon Advance to form Lebanon Express-Advance. The name was changed back to the Lebanon Express in 1912.
Robert Hayden owned the Lebanon Express for 34 years until selling it in 1970 to the Democrat-Herald Publishing Co. Capital Cities purchased the company in 1980, which itself was acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 1995. Disney sold its Oregon newspapers to Lee Enterprises in 1997.
The paper published its final edition on Jan. 18, 2023 and rolled coverage of the area into The Albany Democrat-Herald.