OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Severin Hacker

Severin Hacker (born July 6, 1984) is a Swiss-American computer scientist who is the co-founder and CTO of Duolingo, the world's most popular language-learning platform.

## Biography

Hacker was born and raised in Zug and studied at ETH Zurich. In a 2020 interview, Hacker specified that gaming played a large role in his interest in computer science: "What originally drew me to computers was video games and the desire to build your own games and understand how those games are built. I was somewhat obsessed."
He moved to Pittsburgh to study at Carnegie Mellon University where he co-founded Duolingo with Luis von Ahn in 2009.
He received his BS in Computer Science from ETH Zurich in 2006 and his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 2014.

## Founding of Duolingo

Initially, Hacker and his former graduate advisor, Luis von Ahn, wanted to develop an application that could translate internet sites, so that they would be accessible for non-English speakers. They felt that automated translation software wasn't as effective as using the skills and knowledge of bilingual speakers. During Hacker's doctoral studies, Duolingo became a by-product of this idea, or "happy mistake." Hacker's goal for Duolingo was to make it "100% free" so the most disadvantaged person with an internet connection would still have access to it.

### Duolingo

Hacker and his team of PhD students used machine learning to personalize Duolingo to each user. Specifically, they wanted to predict what language concepts the user was on the verge of forgetting. In 2012, a study by American universities showed that spending 34 hours of learning on Duolingo was equivalent to a full-semester of a college language course. In 2015, Hacker and von Ahn started selling translations, such as to the Spanish tech news group of CNN.

### Retention Philosophy

There are two parts to Hacker's "Retention Philosophy": learning should be fun and motivation should remain high. Through Duolingo, Hacker wants users to have the option to increase their 'stay-tuned quota' which involves adjusting the learning time and difficulty of the course. Another idea derived from Hacker's philosophy was to apply gamification to Duolingo. This was to apply game elements and principles instead of classroom learning tools to the course.

## Awards and honors

* In 2014, Hacker received the Crunchie Award for Best Startup.
* In 2014, Hacker was included in the MIT Technology Review's "Top Innovators under 35."
* In 2016, Hacker and Luis von Ahn received the Tech 50 award.
* In 2019, Hacker received One Young World's Entrepreneur of the Year Award.

## External business ventures and investments

* IAM Robotics, a robotics company focused on autonomous fulfillment.
* ViaHero, a trip-planning service creating personalized itineraries.
* Brainbase, a platform that helps companies manage and monetize their intellectual property.
* Gridwise, an app that provides information for driver demand throughout a city.
* Abililife, a company developing technologies to assist Parkinson's patients.
# San Jacinto Mall

San Jacinto Mall was a regional shopping mall located in Baytown, Texas, United States. It was last managed by Fidelis Realty Partners. The mall had a gross leasable area of 1,156,000 sq ft (107,400 m$^2$). The mall ceased operations on January 4, 2020 and will be redeveloped into an outdoor shopping destination. The mall was anchored by Sears, JCPenney, Macy's, Montgomery Ward, Mervyn's, Service Merchandise, Bealls, Palais Royal, and Marshalls.

## History

The mall opened its doors in 1981. At the time, the mall was relatively large for the immediate market area but nonetheless successful. In the central area of the mall was a JCPenney and the food court coined "The Market". The other wings each had one anchor and one junior anchor: a northwest wing, originally anchorless until Mervyn's filled the vacant pad in the early 80's, along with a HJ Wilson Catalog Showroom as junior anchor, a southwest wing with Foley's and Palais Royal as junior anchor, a southeast wing with Montgomery Ward and junior anchor Bealls, and a northeast wing bearing a Sears and junior anchor The Fair.
Over the years, the mall had trouble competing with the many new, big box stores that had sprung up along Garth Road, south of the mall. Service Merchandise and Montgomery Ward closed in 2001 (both due to a countrywide company liquidation). Bealls also vacated the same year. These anchors have never been refilled. The next major loss happened in early 2006, when Mervyn's closed all of its stores in the Houston area. In addition to the southeast wing, the northwest wing of the mall was also now anchorless. Soon after, a proposal was rendered by NewQuest Properties to demolish both the southeast wing (former Bealls/Wards) and northwest wing (former Mervyn's/Service Merchendise) and transform them into "lifestyle" additions. Foley's was rebranded as Macy's in September 2006. In November 2006, Triyar Cos. LLC, owned by the Yari family, put the mall and several other Greater Houston malls up for sale; the company allowed a buyer to either buy an individual property, or buy all of them at once.
In October 2019, with only 14 stores remaining in what is left of the mostly demolished mall, property management informed the tenants that the mall will be ceasing all operations at the end of the year. The mall did finally close after 38 years on January 4, 2020. Demolition started in 2019, and was completed in late 2022.
In October of 2024, Fidelis broke ground on San Jacinto Marketplace which will feature an open green area with patio restaurants and a number of shopping and entertainment options, as well residential and healthcare in the future.
# Andrew D. Bernstein

Andrew D. Bernstein is an American sports photographer.

## Career

Bernstein grew up in Brooklyn, New York and attended Brooklyn's Midwood High School.
His company is Andrew D. Bernstein Associates Photography, Inc.; he has served as the official photographer for most of Los Angeles's professional sports teams. He is in his 33rd consecutive season and is the longest tenured NBA league photographer and official team photographer for the Lakers and Clippers. He has been the official team photographer for the Kings for the past 22 years. Bernstein is the director of photography for Crypto.com Arena and Nokia Theater LA Live and has been since the ribbon was cut in both buildings in1999 and 2007, respectively. Previously, he was the team photographer at the Dodgers from 1983 to 1994.
Bernstein has been the photographer for the United States Olympic national basketball team since the 1992 "Dream Team"; he has since extensively covered all USA gold medal-winning teams. He has worked commercially on advertising campaigns for Shaquille O'Neal, Kobe Bryant, Mia Hamm, LeBron James, and others for brands including Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Pepsi, Coca-Cola and Icy Hot.
His work has been showcased in many exhibitions over the years. He is one of only four photographers whose work is on permanent display at the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2013. He is the host of Through The Lens, which is a regular feature on the Lakers channel on Time Warner Cable SportsNet LA. It is a unique perspective of Lakers history through his photos which Bernstein hosts with a famous guest.

## Books

* NBA Hoop Shots: Classic Moments from a Super Era. David Stern (Foreword). Woodford. 1996. ISBN 0-942627-24-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
* Jackson, Phil (2010). Journey to the Ring: Behind the Scenes with the 2010 NBA Champion Lakers. Time Capsule Press LLC. ISBN 978-0-9823242-2-6. Archived from the original on 2013-09-22. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
* Bryant, Kobe. The Mamba Mentality: How I Play. MCD, 2018.
# Brandon Blackwood

Brandon Blackwood is an American fashion designer and businessman. He is the CEO and founder of Brandon Blackwood New York, a fashion company that specializes in handbags and accessories.

## Life and career

Blackwood was born in Brooklyn, New York spent most of his upbringing between New York City and Tokyo. He has a younger brother. He is of Jamaican and Chinese descent. Blackwood developed an affinity for fashion and design at a young age, and made hand-sewn bags as gifts for his friends in middle and high school. His family encouraged him to pursue a career in STEM, which led him to initially majoring in neuroscience at Bard College. However, he eventually changed his major to American studies without the knowledge of his family until his graduation, when he obtained his bachelor's degree. While in college, he interned for Elle and Nylon magazines. After graduating, he worked at Crossroads Trading, buying and selling on-trend second-hand clothes.
He started his brand from a one night when his friends invited him out to a bar. He refused the invite because he couldn’t afford to go out as he was making $10 hour working at Crossroad Trading and CO. That same night he researched handbag manufactures throughout the tri-state until he found one in NYC. Age had his first bag made in NYC which was the Portmore backbag under a payment since he couldn’t afford the total cost. While working at Crossroads and Co, he unknowingly met an Editor for Essence magazine. He was buying her used items and he told her he made a bag. He showed the bag and two weeks later it was featured on Essence Magazine. He began saving in order to begin his business, and with the help of his mother and friend, he purchased his LLC in 2013. He launched his first line of handbags in 2015 which were featured in Essence magazine, followed by Elle and Galore.
Blackwood gained international notoriety in 2020. Wanting to take a stance in support of the Black Lives Matter protests, Blackwood created a mini-tote with the words End Systemic Racism engraved on the front. A portion of the proceeds from the bag were donated to the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, which is an organization dedicated to helping racial and ethnic minorities find legal representation while fighting civil rights cases. On the creation of the bag, Blackwood stated "I was stuck creatively and exhausted by the daily news. I had a pretty solid following and decided I would take this opportunity to make something that could have a direct impact against systemic oppression." While initially only 509 bags were made, thousands more have sold.

## In popular culture

Blackwood's bags have been seen on several celebrities, including Lupita Nyong'o, Brie Larson, Amandla Stenberg, Cardi B, Zoë Kravitz, Solange Knowles, Keke Palmer, and Kim Kardashian. Rapper Saweetie wore one of Blackwood's totes in the music video for the song, "Fast (Motion)." "Bag (Brandon Blackwood)" was released by Hip Hop duo Trill Dollar in 2021.
# Francisco Muñoz Rubalcava

Francisco Muñoz Rubalcava (June 25, 1825 – March 6, 1873) was a Cuban patriot, mambí soldier, and poet who was executed during the Ten Years' War in Cuba.

## Biography

Francisco Muñoz Rubalcava was born in Santiago de Cuba in the eastern province of Oriente (now Santiago de Cuba Province), Spanish Cuba, on June 25, 1825.
As a young man, he served as the director of Cuban newspapers in Cárdenas and Puerto Príncipe.
Francisco Muñoz Rubalcava was acquainted with the Masonic Lodge of Las Tunas, involved in the conspiratorial activities taking place in Puerto Príncipe and Bayamo in the summer of 1868. The Santiago de Cuba native suggested that the Tínima Masonic Lodge in Puerto Príncipe (now Camagüey) establish a link with Eastern Masons, who were known for their separatist ideologies.

### Ten Years' War

Amid the Cry of Yara on October 10, 1868, Rubalcava took up arms against the Spanish colonial authorities in Cuba's first war for independence called the Ten Years' War.
In the region of Las Tunas, he was the second-in-command of the insurgent forces, under the command of Vicente García González.
Muñoz Rubalcava entered the uprising on October 19, 1868, when the Las Tunas forces assaulted a Spanish garrison and took control of the town of Manatí. Vicente García, Francisco Muñoz Rubalcava, along with Belisario and Julio Grave de Peralta, were leaders in the uprising in Tunas.
In mid-April 1869, when Vincente Garcia and Col. Rubalcava received notice of the enemy taking a convoy guarded by 300 Spanish soldiers from Manatí towards Las Tunas, they attacked with 150 men. The Spanish military convoy included the combined forces of Gen. Juan de Lesca and two other military officers with the Spanish Army. On April 17, 1869, the mambises attacked the convoy, killing 23 men, and taking some prisoners, among them 7 officers, besides 115 rifles and muskets, a field piece, and other arms.
Muñoz Rubalcava was named Second Chief of the Camagüey forces in 1873, directly reporting to Maj. Gen. Ignacio Agramonte.

## Death

Francisco Muñoz Rubalcava was captured by Spanish authorities and tried by a military council. He was sentenced to death and faced execution by firing squad on March 6, 1873, in Puerto Príncipe (now Camagüey), Cuba.
# J. Randy Taraborrelli

John Randall Anthony Taraborrelli is an American journalist and celebrity biographer. Prior to his book-writing career, he was a magazine journalist and editor-in-chief of Soul magazine, the black entertainment title. Taraborrelli is known for biographies of contemporary entertainers and political figures such as Frank Sinatra, Diana Ross, Marilyn Monroe, Michael Jackson, Madonna, the Kennedy family, the Hilton family, and Beyoncé. He also regularly appears on television as an entertainment news reporter on programs such as Entertainment Tonight, Good Morning America, Today and CBS This Morning. Taraborrelli lives in California.

## Writing style

In a 2015 interview with Gawker, Taraborrelli described his evolution as a writer:
   I think as you get older as a writer, your standards change. When I was a kid, my standard was very simple: If it was true, I put it in my book. That was it. There was no wiggle room to that. I’ve been through enough in my lifetime to realize there has to be more of a standard in biography than just the truth. There has to be an eye toward empathy. There has to be and eye toward understanding interpretation. There’s a lot of nuance that goes into a biography that is bigger than whether or not something is true. When I was a kid, it was a simpler time. Today, I weigh everything on a moral compass. It has to do with: Is it fair? Is it hurtful? Is it going to cause people pain? That’s a big part of my process today that when I was a kid, I never considered.
Taraborrelli's most recent book, 'Jackie - Public, Private, Secret,' debuted at #3 on the 'New York Times' bestseller list on August 6, 2023.

## Reviews

Kirkus Reviews found Cher – A Biography to be "a fun read, and even moving". The Observer reviewed Diana Ross – A Biography as "fawning" and while acknowledging the comprehensiveness of the book, regretted that the writer held back unfavorable information about the subject because he was a personal fan. It said The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe was written by "an indefatigable gossip hound" and criticized his vocabulary. The Gay & Lesbian Review said that Michael Jackson – The Magic, the Madness, the Whole Story was a "comprehensive and even-handed biography". The New York Times called Jackie, Janet & Lee "deliciously readable".
# Baby Zaman

Baby Zaman (28 January 1933 – 26 January 2013) was a Bangladeshi stage, television, film actor and producer.

## Biography

Zaman was born Chowdhury Badruzzaman on January 28, 1933, in Burdwan, the second of eight siblings. His father Choudhury Azfar Hossain was a lawyer by profession, but became terribly ill and was unable to support his family. Zaman moved his family to Dhaka in 1953, and provided for them. He also engaged in charitable works, providing food, shelter and education.
Zaman married Rawshan Ara Zaman in 1962.
Zaman started acting in the late 1960s in stage shows and TV shows. He then entered the film industry, playing roles in Jibon Thekey Neya, 13 No. Feku Ostagar Lane, and Kagojer Nouka.
He died on 26 January 2013 from kidney and liver disease, at Bangladesh Medical College in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

## Filmography

* Jibon Thekey Neya
* 13 Number Feku Ostagar Lane
* Kagojer Nouka
# Herff–Rozelle Farm

Herff–Rozelle Farm is located in Boerne, in the county of Kendall, in the U.S. state of Texas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kendall County on December 3, 2009. It was built by Ferdinand Ludwig Herff in 1855. The property was sold to George and Erma Rozelle in 1935. It is managed by the Cibolo Nature Center.
# Santa Maria Town Center

Santa Maria Town Center (also referred to as Town Center Mall) is an indoor shopping center located in Santa Maria, California. It is located on the junctions of Routes 135 (Broadway) and 166 (Main Street), and Cook Street and Miller Street. Anchored by Macy's and Edwards Theatres, Santa Maria Town Center is the only enclosed shopping center in Santa Barbara County, and is the largest in the Central Coast, totaling about 600,000 square feet (56,000 m$^2$) in area. It is home to a mix of 69 stores and eateries totaling approximately 25 acres (10 ha) of retail space, and features national retailers like Kay Jewelers, Bath & Body Works, Foot Locker, and GNC. The Town Center also features two three-level parking garages with 3,315 total parking spaces.

## History

The Town Center Mall opened in 1976, with Gottschalks and Sears as its original anchors. It also featured a three-screen United Artists cinema, which was sold in 1996 to Wallace Theater Corporation and operated as a discount cinema until its eventual closure in 2001. The mall was expanded in 1990 to include May Company California (later Robinsons-May, now Macy's) as a new anchor store. From the 1990s until the early 2000s, the mall featured a large, hand-carved, indoor carousel, which has since been listed for sale.
Several tenants in the Town Center Mall closed during the 2007-9 Great Recession, including Gottschalks, which declared bankruptcy in 2009. In July 2010, the mall's owners defaulted on a $32 million loan. Negotiations prevented the mall from going into receivership.
From December 10, 2010 to January 9, 2011, the Town Center Mall was home to an outdoor ice skating rink, just outside the former Gottschalks building. It was the first time such a venue was hosted in Santa Maria.
The Town Center Mall was sold to Spinoso Real Estate Group in October 2012, who began renovations on the former Gottschalks wing. The old Gottschalks location was demolished in 2013 and rebuilt as a Regal Cinemas. Renovations focused mainly on family entertainment venues, including a new soccer training facility, a gymnastics center, and a baseball and softball center, as well as improvements to the existing skateboarding park.
In 2015, Sears Holdings spun off 235 of its properties, including the Sears at Santa Maria Town Center, into Seritage Growth Properties.
In September 2018, the Town Center Mall was sold to an undisclosed global insurance company for $21.5 million. The remaining anchor stores and the parking garages were not part of the transaction. The company plans to add new tenants and venues to the shopping center.
On November 7, 2019, Transformco announced it would be closing 51 Sears stores nationwide, which included its Town Center location. The store closed on February 2, 2020, after 44 years of operation.
In March of 2020, the Town Center Mall temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic after Governor Gavin Newsom ordered the shutdown of all nonessential business. The Town Center was restricted to curbside pickup and outdoor operations only, until it reopened in limited capacity in September of that year. The Town Center was fully reopened by May of 2021.
# Coat of arms of Saint Kitts and Nevis

The coat of arms of Saint Kitts and Nevis was adopted in 1983 and possesses the motto "Country Above Self". The previous coat of arms, adopted in 1967 by the colony of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, was nearly identical, except for coloration and the motto "Unity in Trinity".
The centre of the coat of arms is dominated by a shield at the base in which there is a lighter in full sail (one of the traditional means of transportation). A red chevron is highlighted by two poinciana flowers.
At the top of the shield is a Carib's head, flanked by a fleur-de-lis and a rose. The Caribs were the early inhabitants of the islands, and the fleur-de-lis and rose signify the islands' French and British influences. A helmet topped with the battlements of a tower appears with a flaming torch upheld by three hands: one African, one European and one Indian. The torch signifies the struggle and quest for freedom by a people of diverse ethnic origins, but united in purpose.
The shield is supported on either side by pelicans (the country's national bird), with wings extended, displaying a sugar cane plant and the coconut palm tree, which are extensively cultivated throughout Saint Kitts and Nevis.

## Seal of Nevis

The island of Nevis uses a seal presenting the national coat of arms on a white background in a yellow roundel with the text "Nevis Island Administration" capitalised.

## Gallery

* Coat of arms of the British Leeward Islands (1909–1940), with the two shields in the centre representing Saint Christopher and Nevis respectively
* Coat of arms of the British Leeward Islands (1940–1956)
# Haviland

Haviland can refer to:

## People

* Haviland (given name)
* Aslaug Haviland (1913–2003), deaf and blind Norwegian woman and motivational speaker
* Chris Haviland (born 1952), Australian politician
* David B. Haviland (born 1961), Swedish-American physicist
* Edna Haviland (1896–1981), Canadian chemist
* Frank Burty Haviland (1886–1971), French Cubist painter
* George Darby Haviland (1857–1901), British surgeon and naturalist
* James W. Haviland (1911–2007), American doctor and specialist in Internal Medicine
* John Haviland (1792–1852), English-born American architect
* John Haviland (physician) (1785–1851), English professor of medicine at Cambridge
* John Kenneth Haviland (1921–2002), American pilot who flew for the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain
* Julian Haviland (1930–2023), British journalist
* Laura Smith Haviland (1808–1898), American abolitionist, suffragette and social reformer
* Mike Haviland (born 1967), American ice hockey coach
* Paul Haviland (1880–1950), French-American photographer, writer and arts critic
* Stanley Haviland (1899–1972), Australian public servant
* Thomas Heath Haviland Sr. (1795 or 1796–1867), English-born landowner, banker and political figure in Prince Edward Island
* Thomas Heath Haviland (1822–1895), Canadian lawyer, politician and father of Canadian Confederation
* Virginia Haviland (1911–1988), American author and Library of Congress librarian
* William Haviland (1718–1784), Irish-born general in the British Army
* Willis Bradley Haviland (1890–1944), member of the Lafayette Escadrille, first pilot to launch a plane from a battleship
* Haviland Morris (born 1959), American actress
* Haviland Routh (1871–1959), Canadian ice hockey player
* Haviland Smith, retired CIA station chief

## Places in the United States

* Haviland, Kansas, a city
** Haviland Crater, an astrobleme
* Haviland, New York, a community and census-designated place
* Haviland, Ohio, a village

## Things

* Haviland, a mark of Necco, a candy company
* Haviland & Co., a manufacturer of Limoges porcelain in France
# Clifton Park Center

Clifton Park Center, formerly known as the Clifton Country Mall, is a large shopping center, located in Clifton Park, New York. As of 2022, the mall currently maintains the traditional chain anchors Boscov's, JCPenney, and a Marshalls and HomeGoods combo. The mall features 72 stores and a food court.
In 2006 parts of the northern section of the mall were converted into a lifestyle concept. In August 2009, a stand-alone lifestyle building, was developed. In 2011, the mall's original movie theater and its surrounding area was replaced with a much larger new “state of the art” 10 screen Regal Cinema and a five-story Hilton Garden Inn.