OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bengal–Jaunpur confrontation

The Bengal-Jaunpaur war was an early 15th-century conflict that stemmed from the Jaunpur Sultanate's opposition to the overthrowing of the Bengal Sultanate's founding dynasty, the Ilyas Shahi, by Raja Ganesha. After diplomatic pressure from the Timurid and Ming empires and direct combat support of Shivasimha, the King of Mithila. Jaunpur's sultan Ibrahim Shah Sharqi was convinced to abstain from attacking Bengal.

## Nur Qutb Alam

With the persecution of Bengali Muslims following Raja Ganesha's coup d'état, Nur Qutb Alam wrote a letter to Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi of Jaunpur to liberate Bengal. He also sent a letter to his father's disciple Ashraf Jahangir Semnani, who was in Jaunpur, to also request Sharqi to do so. Responding to the request, Ibrahim Sharqi proceeded towards Bengal, which threatened Ganesha's rule. Ganesha pleaded to Alam to stop the invasion, but Alam's condition was for him to accept Islam. However, Ganesha's wife forbade her husband to convert and instead they offered his son, Jadu, to the Shaykh. With Alam's guidance and mentorship, Jadu became a Muslim with the name Muhammad, and ascended the throne as Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah. Alam then requested Sharqi to return to Bengal, though he refused, thus continuing the Bengal-Jaunpaur war.
Another account of Nur Qutb Alam and his role during the conflict was that he was asked by Raja Ganesha for help due to the immanent threat of invasion soon after Ganesha usurped the throne. Qutb Alam eventually came to the agreement that Raja Ganesha's son, Jadu, would convert to Islam and rule in his place. Raja Ganesha agreed and Jadu started ruling Bengal as Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah in 1415.

## Foreign mediation

A diplomat in the court of Shahrukh Mirza recorded that the Timurid ruler of Herat intervened during the Bengal-Jaunpur conflict after a request from the Sultan of Bengal. The record speaks of Shahrukh Mirza "directing the ruler of Jaunpur to abstain from attacking the King of Bengal, or to take the consequence upon himself. To which the intimation of the Jaunpur ruler was obedient, and desisted from his attacks upon Bengal". Records from Ming China state that the Yongle Emperor also mediated between Jaunpur and Bengal after the Bengali ambassador in his Peking court complained of the conflict.
He was also directly supported by the King of Mithila who was also his friend, Shiva Singh of Oiniwar Dynasty in his battle against Ibrahim Sharqi of Jaunpur Sultanate. The mention of this battle is stated in both Arakanese accounts and Mithila accounts.

## Power struggle of Raja Ganesha

The war began in 1415 and ended in 1420. The Jaunpaur Sultanate challenged the newly emerged Hindu dynasty of Raja Ganesha. Raja Ganesha was later removed as a result but his son Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah converted to Islam and ruled the Sultanate. Parts of the Jaunpur Sultanate was annexed by Bengal and peace was established between the two states.
# Dennis John (footballer)

Dennis John (27 January 1935 – 12 April 2013) was a Welsh professional footballer who played for Plymouth Argyle, Swansea Town, Scunthorpe United and Millwall.
John was part of the Millwall squad that went unbeaten in 59 consecutive league matches at home, a record at the time, from 24 August 1964 until 14 January 1967.
Dennis John is also the father of Welsh Rugby Union player WillGriff John.
# Colonel Soraya

Colonel Soraya (Persian: سرهنگ ثریا) is a 2023 Iranian drama film directed and written by Leili Aaj and starring Zhaleh Sameti. It was premiered in 41st Fajr International Film Festival in Iran. According to the NCRI, the film was "ordered by Khamenei to prevent the recruitment of young people to the MEK and resistance units, while paving the way for suppression, execution, and terrorism based on the experiences of the past four decades."

## Awards and nominations

In 41st Fajr International Film Festival, Zhaleh Sameti was nominated for Best Leading Actress, also Leili Aaj won a Crystal Simorgh of Goharshad a Special Award of Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance and a Diploma of Honor in "First Film Director" section.
| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| Fajr International Film Festival | February 2023 | Best Film Score | Behzad Abdi | Nominated |
| Fajr International Film Festival | February 2023 | Best Leading Actress | Zhaleh Sameti | Nominated |
| Fajr International Film Festival | February 2023 | Diploma of Honor - First Film Director | Leili Aaj | Won |
| Fajr International Film Festival | February 2023 | Crystal Simorgh of Goharshad - Special Award of Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance | Leili Aaj | Won |
# Alec Robertson (bowls)

Hugh Alexander Robertson (20 October 1884 – 12 September 1977) was a New Zealand lawn bowls player who won a gold medal in the men's fours at the 1938 British Empire Games. He also won two national lawn bowls titles.

## Biography

Born on 20 October 1884, Robertson was the son of Euphemia and David Scott Robertson. He was a member of a pioneer farming family in Māngere. In Onehunga on 28 October 1924, he married Norma Moore (née Moore), who had a son from a previous marriage.
At the 1938 British Empire Games in Sydney, Robertson was part of the New Zealand men's fours team that won the gold medal, along with Bill Bremner, Ernie Jury and Bill Whittaker.
A member of the Onehunga Bowling Club, Robertson won two New Zealand national bowls championship titles in the men's fours, in 1940 and 1948.
Robertson was a dairy farmer at Robertson Road, Māngere, supplying town milk, until retiring in 1942. He died on 12 September 1977, and his body was cremated at Purewa Crematorium, Auckland. He was predeceased by his wife, Norma, in 1968.
# Plutonia (novel)

Plutonia (Плутония) is a science fiction novel in the "lost world" genre by Russian academician and writer Vladimir Obruchev. It was written in 1915 in Kharkov and first published in the original Russian in 1924.

## Plot

The title Plutonia refers to the novel's setting in a underground world with the source of light and heat turned out to be Earth's core, which the explorers called Pluto for the Roman god of the underworld. The terrain is marked by dramatic geographic features and inhabited by prehistoric animals and primitive people. These are essentially the animal and plant life of previous geological periods in their natural surroundings. As the characters venture deeper into the underground area, they encounter more and more ancient life forms, back to the dinosaurs and other species.

## Reception

Russian literary critic Yevgeny Neyolov [ru] praised both scientific and literary qualities of the book.
Kirkus Reviews said, "This is a most erudite adventure tale buttressed by accurate geological, biological and botanical information, geared for the intelligent reader."
Author David Whitehouse said, "The characterisation is poor and the plot overly simple, but the redeeming quality of the book is Obruchev's knowledge of geology."

## Translations

An English-language edition translated by Brian Pearce was published in 1955, issued by the State Publishing House for Geographical Literature, Moscow. Other English editions include a translation by Fainna Solasko with illustrations by G. Nikolsky, published in 1961 by Criterion Books.
Besides English, the novel has been translated into: Spanish (1953), German (1953), Finnish (1954), Ukrainian (1955), French (1955), Czech (1941), Hungarian (1956), Romanian (1956), Latvian (1957), Portuguese (1960), and Polish (1966).
# Israel Lovy

Israel Lovy (31 August 1773 – 7 January 1832), also known as Israel Glogauer and Israel Fürth, was a ḥazzan and composer.

## Biography

Israel Lovy was born in Schottland, near Danzig, into a lineage of ḥazzanim from Poland and Pomerania. He received a Talmudic and secular education at Glogau, where his father was ḥazzan. From the age of 13, he acted as assistant ḥazzan in various communities of Moravia, Bohemia, Saxony, and Bavaria. Lovy travelled extensively, visiting the greatest cantors of the time, and studying the works of the greatest masters, especially those of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
From 1799 to 1806, Lovy was employed in Fürth, where he continued his secular and musical education, becoming accomplished in violin, violoncello, and piano, and becoming proficient in French, Italian, and Hebrew. At the request of Duke of Bavaria Maximilian Joseph, Lovy sang the tenor part in a performance of Haydn's The Creation and was allowed to give public concerts in Nuremberg, which at the time was officially off limits to Jews.
After having served for short terms at congregations in Mayence, Strasbourg, and London, he went to Paris in 1818, where he became the ḥazzan of the now-defunct Temple rue Saint-Avoie. In May 1822, he became ḥazzan of the newly founded Temple rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, which dedicated a new synagogue building and introduced the use of an organ and boys' chorus. The synagogue commissioned Lovy to compose a new rendition of the service to complement these reforms. These compositions, along with other earlier works, were published posthumously as Chants religieux, Composés pour les Prières Hébraïques (1862). He received attractive offers from the stage, but the Jewish Consistory of Paris elected him for life and thus induced him to remain as ḥazzan.
He died from a breast disease on 7 January 1832, and is buried in the North-Montmartre Cemetery of Paris. Many of his tunes became popular as far as Poland; and one of them was adopted by Abraham Goldfaden in his opera Shulamith.
# Hafiz Sohan Halwa

Hafiz Sohan Halwa (Urdu: حافظ سوہن حلوہ) is a Pakistani confectionery brand based in Multan, which makes Sohan Halwa.

## History

Hafiz Sohan Halwa was founded by Hafiz Habib ur Rahman in 1963. The halwa shop from where the business was launched dates back to 1945.

## Products

Hafiz Sohan Halwa is described as a pioneer of Multan's Halwa desserts, which are popular throughout Pakistan and exported internationally.
# Augustus Schwaab

Carl August Schwaab (May 6, 1823 – October 30, 1899), commonly known as Augustus Schwaab, was a German-American architect and civil engineer. He was principally a designer of commercial architecture, best known for his work in Savannah, Georgia, where he worked for around fifty years.

## Early life

Schwaab was born in Germany. In July 1844, while living in Neustadt an der Aisch, Schwaab had a daughter, named Elize Auguste Catharine, with Elizabethe Fuchs.
By the early 1850s, Schwaab had moved to the United States, seemingly without Elizabethe and Elize. He married Matilda Vonsinem on October 22, 1853, in Richmond County, Georgia, with whom he had three children: Otto G. (1856–1900), Gustavus Adolph (1860–1940) and Mathilda Bryant (1869–1951). All of the children were born in the U.S.

## Career

One of Schwaab's first designs upon arriving in the United States was Savannah's Gray Building (1856), on what was then known as West Broad Street. It is regarded as "one of the finest examples of Greek Revival architecture in Georgia". He followed this up with Central of Georgia Depot and Trainshed.
In 1865, Schwaab was appointed as the chief engineer of the Central Railroad of Georgia. Five years later, he entered into an architectural partnership with fellow German, Martin Philip Muller (1829–1876), with whom he designed the final building to house Savannah's City Market. It was demolished in 1954.
In the summer of 1870, the city council of Savannah asked Schwaab to develop a drainage plan for the city. He presented several alternatives, and "strongly advised against using the Savannah River as the direct outlet", which would have been the cheapest and most efficient option. The city eventually decided to use existing sewer lines to connect with the Bilbo Canal, the course of which ran behind the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad depot to the southeast of Savannah.
By 1874, Schwaab's architectural practice was located at 135 ⁠1/2⁠ Bay Street (between Bull Street and Whitaker Street).
The Hampton Depot, in Hampton, Georgia, was the work of Schwaab in 1881. It is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Notable works

* Gray Building, Savannah, Georgia (1856)
* Central of Georgia Depot and Trainshed, Savannah, Georgia (1860)
* City Market building, Savannah, Georgia (1876), with Martin Philip Muller
* Hampton Depot, Hampton, Georgia (1881)

## Death

Schwaab died on October 30, 1899, aged 76. He was interred in Savannah's Laurel Grove Cemetery on November 1. His family is also buried there. At the time of his death, he was living at 7 Duffy Street.
# Order of Saint Nicholas (Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Newton)

The Order of Saint Nicholas is a lay order founded in 1991 by Bishop Ignatius Ghattas, attached to the Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Newton of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in Massachusetts, United States. Its now dissolved forerunner organization, the Saint Nicholas Guild, was founded in 1980 by the bishop's predecessor, Archbishop Joseph Tawil.
Officially as an unincorporated auxiliary of the Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Newton, it is a non-profit corporation under the General Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
The Order's National Chairpeople are George Mussalli and Dr. Sherine Rabbat.
# Gordon and Buchan (UK Parliament constituency)

Gordon and Buchan is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Following the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election. It has been represented since 2024 by Conservative Harriet Cross; she defeated the SNP's Richard Thomson, who was MP for the predecessor constituency of Gordon from 2019 to 2024.
The constituency name refers to the former Scottish districts of Gordon and Buchan.

## Boundaries

The constituency comprises the following wards or part wards of Aberdeenshire Council:
* In full: Turriff and District, Mid Fromartine, Ellon and District, Inverurie and District.
* In part: Central Buchan (minority, comprising southwestern areas), West Garioch$^1$ (majority - excluding Kemnay), East Garioch$^1$ (majority - excluding Blackburn), Huntly, Strathbogie and Howe of Alford$^1$ (majority - excluding Alford).
$^1$ The boundary within these wards is equivalent to the boundary between the former Gordon constituency and the unchanged West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine constituency.
The seat is made up of those parts of the abolished constituency of Gordon which were in Aberdeenshire Council plus a minority of the abolished Banff and Buchan constituency (inland areas including Turriff).

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 2024 | Harriet Cross | Scottish Conservative |

## Elections
### Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Gordon and Buchan :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Harriet Cross | 14,418 | 32.9 | −13.1 |
| | SNP | Richard Thomson | 13,540 | 30.9 | −8.3 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Conrad Wood | 7,307 | 16.7 | +5.4 |
| | Labour | Nurul Hoque Ali | 4,686 | 10.7 | +7.2 |
| | Reform UK | Kris Callander | 3,897 | 8.9 | N/A |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 166 | | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 878 | 2.0 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 44,014 | 63.2 | |
| | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) |
# Foreign aid to India

The Indian government previously received foreign aid from various nations and international organisations.

## Aid received

In 2010, British newspaper The Guardian reported the aid received by India to be less than 1% of its GDP and has declined to take foreign aid recently.
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) compiled and published a data in 2015 indicating that from the period 1946-2012, India has been the recipient of highest aid from United States. The amount of economic aid, adjusted to inflation then, was reported to be USD 65.1 billion.
In 2021, Indian government stated that it had received help from 52 nations during the second wave of COVID-19. Countries that provided aid to India during the second wave of COVID-19 included France, China, Ireland, the United States, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Bhutan and others. In 2023, the USAID stated that it had donated US$200 million for India's COVID-19 relief.
In 2025, the US mission in India began reviewing their grants to comply with the executive orders passed by President Donald Trump that suspended all foreign aid.
# Chiawana High School

Chiawana High School is a four-year public high school in Pasco, Washington, United States, the second traditional high school of Pasco School District #1. Opened in 2009 with 1600 students in grades 9, 10, and 11, CHS graduated its first senior class in 2011. The school colors are blue and silver and the mascot is a riverhawk.
Chiawana's campus features its own athletic facilities, which include a lighted football/soccer field surfaced with FieldTurf, negating the need to use Edgar Brown Memorial Stadium on the other end of town. The school's gymnasium was used by both Chiawana and Pasco High School for the 2009–2010 school year, as the main gymnasium at Pasco High had an unanticipated roof replacement.
The school's principal is Jaime Morales.

## Athletics

Chiawana competes in athletics in WIAA Class 4A in Greater Spokane/Mid-Columbia Conference District VIII, and are members of the Mid-Columbia Conference.
On December 7, 2013, Chiawana won their first state football title in school history. Led by former Pasco High School football coach Steve Graff, the Riverhawks defeated the Camas High School Papermakers at the Tacoma Dome 27–26 in a comeback victory. Chiawana, down 13 points with just under one minute remaining in the 4th quarter, scored 14 points in 55 seconds to secure the state title.
# Russell Rook, Baron Rook

Russell David Rook, Baron Rook, OBE, is a British Anglican priest and life peer.

## Career

Rook is a partner in the Good Faith Partnership and has been involved with various charities. He served as a Parliamentary aide to Maeve Sherlock, and was an adviser on faith and civil society to Ed Miliband when he was Leader of the Opposition. In 222, he was ordained a priest in the Church of England, and appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to social action.
In late 2024, Rook was nominated for a life peerage by Prime Minister Keir Starmer for the Labour Party. He was created Baron Rook, of Wimbledon in the London Borough of Merton, on 20 January 2025, and was introduced to the House of Lords on 23 January.

## Personal life

Rook is married to Charlotte, a professional cellist. They have two sons.
# Sudama Setu

Sudama Setu is a pedestrian suspension bridge in Dwarka, Gujarat, India. It is named for Sudama, a childhood friend of Krishna. Proposed in 2005, the bridge was opened in 2016.

## History

A pedestrian bridge over Gomti river connects Jagat Mandir of mainland Dwarka and Panchnad or Panchkui Tirth on the island in southeast of it. The bridge was proposed in 2005 to boost tourism on the island. The island has religious as well archaeological significance. There are five sweet water wells called Panchkui associated with five Pandava brothers of Mahabharata. Gomti river was crossed by boats until construction of the bridge. As Jagat Mandir is an Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) protected site, permission was needed for construction of the bridge. The Vadodara circle of ASI gave a nod to the bridge in 2008. The ground breaking ceremony for the bridge was held on 5 May 2011 by Gujarat Tourism minister Jaynarayan Vyas and Rajya Sabha MP Parimal Nathwani. The construction was delayed due to ASI Delhi not granting the permit until 2013. The bridge was completed in February 2016.
Reliance Industries Limited, in collaboration with the Gujarat Tourism Department and Gujarat Pavitra Yatradham Vikas Board, built the bridge. The bridge cost ₹7.42 crore (US$860,000). It is named for Sudama, a childhood friend of Krishna. The bridge was inaugurated by Gujarat Chief Minister Anandiben Patel on 11 June 2016.

## Features

The bridge is 166 meters long and 4.2 meters wide, having the capacity to carry 25,000 to 30,000 pedestrians an hour. The bridge is constructed with 40mm locked coil cable ropes provided by Usha Martin Limited.
# Barton Holland Warnock

Barton Holland Warnock (1911–1998) was an American botanist and leading authority on flora of the Trans-Pecos area and northern Chihuahua Desert.

## Biography

Born in Christoval, Texas in July 1911, Warnock grew up at Fort Stockton, Texas and by 1937 graduated from Sul Ross State University (then Sul Ross State College) in Alpine, Texas. He received a master's degree from the University of Iowa and a Ph.D. from the University of Texas in Austin.
In 1946 Warnock joined the faculty of Sul Ross State College and a year later was named biology department chair. He worked there for more than 50 years until retirement, during which he continued collecting various plant species in the region. He wrote three books from 1970 to 1977 and was working on a fourth volume.
Warnock died from a heart attack at the age of 86 on June 9, 1998 while driving a car near Alpine. After his death the Sul Ross science building was named after him. The Barton Warnock Environmental Education Visitor Center, a state park near Lajitas in Presidio County, Texas, also bears his name and houses his extensive collection of plant specimens. An endemic genus of plants Lamiaceae (Warnockia) is named in his honor as well.

## Publications

* Barton H. Warnock (1970). Wildflowers of the Big Bend country, Texas. Sul Ross State Univ. p. 155.
* Barton H. Warnock (1974). Wildflowers of the Guadalupe Mountains and the Sand Dune Country, Texas. Sul Ross State Univ. p. 176.
* Barton H. Warnock (1977). Wildflowers of the Davis Mountains and the Marathon Basin. Sul Ross State Univ. p. 274.
# Verte Ir

"Verte Ir" (transl. "See You Go") is a song by Puerto Rican DJ and producer DJ Luian and Puerto Rican producer duo Mambo Kingz featuring Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA, American singer Nicky Jam and Puerto Rican rappers and singers Darell and Brytiago. It was released by Hear this Music on March 28, 2019, for digital download and streaming.

## Composition

On an Instagram live, Anuel AA previewed a song with Eladio Carrión titled "Verte Ir". However, Carrión didn't appeared at its final version, but was marked as one of the songwriters and Anuel AA and Nicky Jam even mentioned Carrión's name at the end of the song.

## Commercial performance

"Verte Ir" peaked at number 17 on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and at number 6 on the US Billboard Latin Digital Song Sales chart on April 13, 2019. In Spain's official weekly chart, the song debuted at number 59. In Spain's official weekly chart, it debuted at number eight on the PROMUSICAE chart dated March 28, 2019 before reaching the fifth position in its third week on the chart. "Verte Ir" reached the third position in Nicaragua and the fifth position in Colombia and Dominican Republic. In Honduras, the song peaked at number nine.

## Music video

The music video for "Verte Ir" was released on March 28, 2019, at the same day the song came out, in Hear This Music's YouTube channel. It begins with a footage of DJ Luian and Mambo Kingz on a plane. They are joining later the other artists dancing alongside women.

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "Verte Ir" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 3× Platinum | 180,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 24× Platinum (Latin) | 1,440,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||