# Connie Hawkins

Cornelius Lance "Connie" Hawkins (July 17, 1942 – October 6, 2017) was an American professional basketball player. A New York City playground legend, "the Hawk" was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1992.

## Early years

Hawkins was born on July 17, 1942, in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn. He was one of six children, whose father left the family when he was 10; supported by a mother who worked as a cook while suffering from glaucoma. He attended Boys High School, and played for coach Mickey Fisher. Hawkins soon became a fixture at Rucker Park, a legendary outdoor court where he battled against some of the best players in the world, such as Wilt Chamberlain.
Hawkins did not play much until his junior year at Boys High. Hawkins was All-City first team as a junior as Boys went undefeated and won New York's Public Schools Athletic League (PSAL) title in 1959. During his senior year he averaged 25.5 points per game, including one game in which he scored 60, and Boys again went undefeated and won the 1960 PSAL title. In 1960, he was named a Parade magazine high school All American. Hawkins then signed a scholarship offer to play at the University of Iowa.
In 2003, the 1959 and 1960 Boys High basketball teams were inducted into the New York City Basketball Hall of Fame.

## College and investigation into point-shaving

During Hawkins' freshman year at Iowa, he was a victim of the hysteria surrounding a point-shaving scandal that had started in New York City. Hawkins' name surfaced in an interview conducted with an individual who was involved in the scandal. While some of the conspirators and characters involved were known to or knew Hawkins, none – including the New York attorney at the center of the scandal, Jack Molinas – had ever sought to involve Hawkins in the conspiracy. Hawkins had borrowed $200 ($2,100 in current dollar terms) from Molinas for school expenses, which his brother Fred repaid before the scandal broke in 1961. The scandal became known as the 1961 college basketball gambling scandal.
Despite the fact that Hawkins could not have been involved in point-shaving (as a freshman, due to NCAA rules of the time, he was ineligible to participate in varsity-level athletics), he was kept from seeking legal counsel while being questioned by New York City detectives who were investigating the scandal.

### Expulsion from Iowa

As a result of the investigation, during which Hawkins maintained that he had no involvement in the scheme, and despite never being arrested or indicted, Hawkins was expelled from Iowa. He was effectively blackballed from the college ranks as no NCAA or NAIA school would offer him a scholarship. NBA commissioner J. Walter Kennedy let it be known that he would not approve any contract for Hawkins to play in the league. At the time, the NBA had a policy barring players who were even remotely involved with point-shaving scandals. As a result, when his class was eligible for the draft in 1964, no team selected him. He was formally banned from the league in 1966.

## Professional career
### Pittsburgh Rens (1961–1962)

With the biggest professional basketball league having blackballed him, Hawkins signed an undrafted deal with the Pittsburgh Rens of the American Basketball League (ABL), an aspiring rival to the NBA. He played with them for only one season and one partial season before the league unceremoniously shut down on New Year's Eve in 1962. On January 15, 1962, to kick off the second half of the ABL's inaugural season, he scored a league-record 54 points in a 110-108 loss to the Cleveland Pipers. By the end of the season, he would be both named a member of the All-ABL First-Team and become the league's most valuable player, putting up averages of 27.5 points (the league's leader that season), 13.3 rebounds, and 2.3 assists per game in 78 total games played for the Rens. His second season would have him dealing with injury problems, but before that season prematurely ended, he would still average 27.9 points (second behind Bill Bridges that year), 12.8 rebounds, and 2.6 assists in only 16 games played for that year.

### Harlem Globetrotters (1963–1967)

After that league folded in the middle of the 1962–63 season, Hawkins spent four years performing with the Harlem Globetrotters. He learned how to control the basketball while barnstorming with the Globetrotters, influencing his later playing style
During the time Hawkins was traveling with the Globetrotters, he filed a $6 million lawsuit against the NBA, claiming the league had unfairly banned him from participation and that there was no substantial evidence linking him to gambling activities. Hawkins's lawyers suggested that he participate in the new American Basketball Association (ABA) as a way to establish his talent level as adequate to participate in the NBA, as well as an immediate source of income. Before playing in the ABA, Hawkins also played semi-professionally in a local industrial league called the Young Men's and Women's Hebrew Association for a team called the Porky Chedwicks up until the summer of 1967. Also by this time, Hawkins was facing financial troubles from looking after his wife's brother, who was mentally challenged, as well as his own children.

### Pittsburgh/Minnesota Pipers (1967–1969)

Hawkins joined the Pittsburgh Pipers in the inaugural 1967–68 season of the ABA, leading the team to a 54–24 regular season record and the 1968 ABA championship. Hawkins led the ABA in scoring that year and won both the ABA's regular season and playoff MVP awards. He was noted for his highly skillful passing ability (especially for a big man), leaping ability, and his awareness of what his teammates were doing on the court. The Pipers played against the New Orleans Buccaneers in the ABA finals that year, whose roster included point guard Larry Brown (who had played against Hawkins on Brooklyn's public courts) and backup forward Doug Moe, who would both go on to long coaching careers, and Brown to the Hall of Fame. Hawkins averaged 30.2 points per game and 11.2 rebounds in the series.
The Pipers moved to Minnesota for the 1968–69 season, but injuries and a knee surgery limited Hawkins to 47 games, though he still averaged 30.2 points per game, was named to the All-Star team, and was second in MVP voting. The Pipers made the playoffs despite injuries to their top four players, but were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs in seven games, where Hawkins averaged 24.9 points and 12.3 rebounds per game. Following the playoffs, the Pipers franchise moved back to Pittsburgh.
Hawkins' lawyer, Roslyn Litman, and her husband, fellow lawyer S. David Litman, who was the brother of the Rens owner, filed an antitrust lawsuit against the NBA in 1966, arguing that the league and its owners blacklisted Hawkins. The NBA had refused to allow any team to hire Hawkins, who at the time the Litmans started working with him, was still playing for the Harlem Globetrotters.
In the light of several major media pieces, most notably a Life magazine article written by David Wolf, establishing the dubious nature of the evidence connecting Hawkins to gambling, the NBA concluded it was unlikely to successfully defend the lawsuit. Seeking to avoid a defeat in court which might jeopardize its ability to bar players who had actually participated in gambling, the NBA elected to settle after the 1968–69 season and admit Hawkins to the league.
The league paid Hawkins a cash settlement of nearly $1.3 million (approximately $11,100,000 in 2025) in 1969, and assigned his rights to the expansion Phoenix Suns (who had won a league sponsored coin toss over the Seattle SuperSonics). Although the Pipers made a cursory effort to re-sign him, playing in the NBA had been a longtime ambition for Hawkins and he quickly signed with the Suns. After the 1970 season, the then Pittsburgh Condors unsuccessfully attempted to woo Hawkins back to Pittsburgh.

### Phoenix Suns (1969–1973)

In 1969, still recovering from knee surgery in his final ABA season, Hawkins hit the ground running with the Phoenix Suns, when he played 81 games and averaged 24.6 points, 10.4 rebounds and 4.8 assists per game. In the final game of his rookie season against Elvin Hayes and the San Diego Rockets, Hawkins had 44 points, 20 rebounds, 8 assists, 5 blocks and 5 steals. The Suns finished third in the Western Conference. In the 1970 NBA playoffs they were knocked out by the Los Angeles Lakers in a seven-game Western Conference Semifinals series in which Hawkins carried the Suns against a team that had future Hall of Famers Wilt Chamberlain, Elgin Baylor and Jerry West. In Game 2 of the series, on March 29, 1970, Hawkins led the Suns to a 114–101 victory while scoring 34 points, grabbing 20 rebounds, and recording 7 assists. For the series, Hawkins averaged 25.4 points per game, 13.9 rebounds, 5.9 assists, and 46.9 minutes per game (despite his knee problems).
Hawkins was named First Team All-NBA that season. He was also a Western Conference starter in the All-Star game. He was tied for fifth in MVP voting that year.
He missed 11 games due to injury during the 1970–71 season, averaging 21 points per game. He matched those stats the next year, and was the top scorer on a per-game basis for the Suns in the 1971–72 season. He averaged a comparatively low 16 points per game for the Suns in the 1972–73 season.

### Los Angeles Lakers (1973–1975)

Averaging 11.3 points nine games into the 1973–74 season and having been replaced in the starting lineup by Mike Bantom, Hawkins was traded from the Suns to the Lakers for Keith Erickson and a 1974 second-round selection (31st overall–Fred Saunders) on October 30.

### Atlanta Hawks (1975–1976)

Injuries limited Hawkins' production in the 1974–75 season, and he finished his career after the 1975–76 season, playing for the Atlanta Hawks, still playing 24 and 26 minutes a game those last two seasons, but averaging less than ten points a game.

## Milestones

In 1997, Connie Hawkins was named to the ABA's All-Time Team.
Due to knee problems, Hawkins played in the NBA for only seven seasons. He was an All-Star from 1970 to 1973 and was named to the All-NBA First Team in the 1969–70 season. His No. 42 jersey was retired by the Suns.
Despite being unable to play in the NBA when he was in his prime, Hawkins' performances throughout the ABL, ABA and NBA helped get him inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1992. He was the first Sun inducted into the Hall of Fame.
Longtime ABA, NBA and college head coach Larry Brown, a contemporary of Hawkins from Brooklyn who witnessed Hawkins play, and played against him, during Hawkins' teen and ABA years, said of Hawkins, "'He was Julius [Erving] before Julius, he was Elgin [Baylor] before Elgin, he was Michael [Jordan] before Michael. .... He was simply the greatest individual player I have ever seen.'” Hawkins himself called Baylor his model. Doug Moe said of Hawkins, "'He was the first guy on that Dr. J-Michael Jordan level.... Nobody could match him.'"

## Career statistics

| Bold | Denotes career highs |

### Regular season

| † | Denotes seasons in which Hawkins' team won an ABA championship |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 1961–62 | Pittsburgh (ABL) | 78 | – | 42.9 | .509 | .167 | .790 | 13.3 | 2.3 | – | – | 27.5* |
| 1962–63 | Pittsburgh (ABL) | 16 | – | 41.8 | .491 | – | .770 | 12.8 | 2.6 | – | – | 27.9 |
| 1967–68† | Pittsburgh (ABA) | 70 | – | 44.9* | .519 | .222 | .764 | 13.5 | 4.6 | – | – | 26.8* |
| 1968–69 | Minnesota (ABA) | 47 | – | 39.4 | .511 | .136 | .767 | 11.4 | 3.9 | – | – | 30.2 |
| 1969–70 | Phoenix | 81 | – | 40.9 | .490 | – | .779 | 10.4 | 4.8 | – | – | 24.6 |
| 1970–71 | Phoenix | 71 | – | 37.5 | .434 | – | .816 | 9.1 | 4.5 | – | – | 20.9 |
| 1971–72 | Phoenix | 76 | – | 36.8 | .459 | – | .807 | 8.3 | 3.9 | – | – | 21.0 |
| 1972–73 | Phoenix | 75 | – | 36.9 | .479 | – | .797 | 8.5 | 4.1 | – | – | 16.1 |
| 1973–74 | Phoenix | 8 | – | 27.9 | .486 | – | .667 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 11.3 |
| 1973–74 | L.A. Lakers | 71 | – | 35.7 | .502 | – | .772 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 12.8 |
| 1974–75 | L.A. Lakers | 43 | – | 23.9 | .429 | – | .687 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 1.2 | .5 | 8.0 |
| 1975–76 | Atlanta | 74 | – | 25.8 | .447 | – | .712 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 1.1 | .6 | 8.2 |
| Career | Career | 710 | – | 37.0 | .484 | .162 | .780 | 9.4 | 3.9 | .3 | .2 | 19.9 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 1962 | Pittsburgh (ABL) | 1 | – | 53.0 | .609 | – | .929 | 17.0 | 4.0 | – | – | 41.0 |
| 1968† | Pittsburgh (ABA) | 14 | – | 44.0 | .594 | – | .729 | 12.3 | 4.6 | – | – | 29.9 |
| 1969 | Minnesota (ABA) | 7 | – | 45.7 | .378 | .500 | .645 | 12.3 | 3.9 | – | – | 24.9 |
| 1970 | Phoenix | 7 | – | 46.9 | .413 | – | .818 | 13.9 | 5.9 | – | – | 25.4 |
| 1974 | L.A. Lakers | 5 | – | 34.4 | .350 | – | .800 | 8.0 | 3.2 | 1.4 | .2 | 10.8 |
| Career | Career | 34 | – | 43.8 | .473 | .500 | .743 | 12.1 | 4.5 | 1.4 | .2 | 25.5 |

## Personal life

The Hawkins' story up to 1971 is documented in the biography, Foul by David Wolf, ISBN 978-0030860218
In a skit for NBC's Saturday Night Live in 1975, Hawkins played against singer Paul Simon in a one-on-one game accompanied by Simon's song "Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard." The skit was presented as a schoolyard challenge between the two and had Simon winning, despite the disparity in height between the two men (Simon at 5 ft 3 in, Hawkins at 6 ft 8 in).
One of Hawkins' nephews is Jim McCoy Jr., who scored a school-record 2,374 career points for the UMass Minutemen basketball team from 1988 to 1992.
He was the grandfather of Shawn Hawkins, who played professional basketball internationally and was a two-time scoring champion in Taiwan's Super Basketball League (SBL).
Hawkins moved to Phoenix, Arizona, and worked in community relations for the Suns until his death from cancer on October 6, 2017, at the age of 75.

## In popular culture

Hawkins’ story is the topic of a song titled "The Legend of Connie Hawkins" by Dispatch on their 2021 album Break Our Fall.
The Pittsburgh Pisces basketball team and the character Moses Guthrie, played by Julius Erving, in the movie The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh drew inspiration from Hawkins and the Pittsburgh Pipers of the ABA. Hawkins was in the movie.