OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mount Birdwood

Mount Birdwood is a 3,097-metre (10,161-foot) summit in the Spray Mountains range of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta, Canada. The mountain is situated on the east boundary of Banff National Park in the upper Spray Lakes River Valley.

## History

Named in 1919, Mount Birdwood honors Lieutenant General Sir William R. Birdwood, General Officer commanding (GOC) the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in France. The mountain's name became official in 1928 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent was made in 1922 by C.F. Hogeboom, F.N. Waterman, and Rudolph Aemmer.

## Geology

Mount Birdwood is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Birdwood is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Spray River which is a tributary of the Bow River.

## Gallery

* Mt. Birdwood and the Birdwood Lakes, as seen from Smutwood Peak
* Mt. Birdwood and the Birdwood Lakes
# Edward S. Renwick

    For the Louisiana political commentator, see Ed Renwick.
Edward Sabine Renwick (1823–1912) was an American mechanical engineer, inventor and patent expert.

## Early life

Renwick lost most of his eyesight while working as a patent examiner. He worked for a time in Wilkes-Barre as an ironmaster, but failed.

## Family connections

His father, James Renwick, Sr., was a Professor of chemistry and physics at Columbia University. His mother, Margaret, was a member of the Brevoort family of New York. One brother, James Renwick Jr., was a leading US architect, designer of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Grace Church, Vassar College, the Smithsonian Institution and the Croton Aqueduct. The other, Henry, was a former steamboat inspector and co-author with his father. His grandmother Jean Jeffrey/Jeannie Jaffray of Lochmaben was the Blue-Eyed Lassie mentioned in Robert Burns' poem I gaed a waefu' gate yestreen. Charles Wilkes was an uncle of his.
Edward Renwick married Elizabeth Anne Brevoort in 1862.

## Inventions

Renwick formulated at least 25 inventions over his lifetime, including a combination chicken brooder and incubator, and a self-binding reaping machine. He sued Cyrus McCormick over royalties, but was awarded none.
His patent dates stretch from 1850 (age 27) to 1904 (age 81).

## Great Eastern

One of his greatest achievements was the designing and supervising, with his brother Henry, of a repairing of a break in the bilge of the Great Eastern steamship with a floating caisson, clamped to the hull. It was 104 feet (32 m) long by 15 feet (4.6 m) wide and 8 feet (2.4 m) deep.

## Later life

He later settled in Millburn, New Jersey in 1867. He built a large Victorian mansion at 140 Old Short Hills Road which stood until 2001. He died there in 1912 at the age of 89.
# Martha, Inc.: The Story of Martha Stewart

Martha, Inc.: The Story of Martha Stewart is a 2003 television film starring Cybill Shepherd as Martha Stewart, in which the life of Martha Stewart is outlined starting from her life in New Jersey to the scandal behind her arrest. The film was shot in Nova Scotia. The film aired on NBC on May 19, 2003.
Shepherd also played Martha Stewart in the 2005 CBS television movie Martha: Behind Bars.
# The Canyon (film)

The Canyon is a 2009 thriller film written by Steve Allrich and directed by Richard Harrah. Starring Eion Bailey, Yvonne Strahovski, Will Patton.

## Plot

The story starts with Nick and Lori, a newlywed couple who, after eloping, want to take a mule ride down into the canyon with a guide, Henry. The next day the trio head down into the canyon. After traveling for a while the guide offers to take them to old petroglyphs, which are a half day's ride away. After some convincing from Nick, Lori eventually agrees to the journey. Along the way, Henry is bitten twice by rattlesnakes and in the process the trio's mules flee. They are forced to make camp and begin heading back the next day. The guide is delirious and later in the day succumbs to the venom and dies. The couple bury him and are left to struggle on to find a way out. After a day's hike, the couple eventually reach a dead end where the petroglyphs are. Realizing they have spent the last day going the wrong way, they decide to attempt to climb up the rock face in the hope of getting a signal on Lori's phone. Lori manages to call the emergency services but has only time to say they are in trouble before losing signal. Nick loses his grip in the crevice and the couple fall, breaking Lori's phone and Nick's leg, which gets trapped in a crevice at the base of the rock face.
Nick's leg is completely trapped and after a day of waiting and hoping for a rescue party to arrive, he suggests they cut his leg off so they can keep going. Lori at first disagrees with the plan, but eventually relents and retrieves Henry's knife from his body, then returns to Nick. By this point, infection has set in and Nick is in very bad shape, barely being able to move at all. Lori succeeds in severing Nick's leg and cauterizes the wound by heating the blade of the knife on the fire. When night falls, a pack of wolves gets attracted by the smell of blood and tries to attack them, but Lori successfully chases them off with fire and the knife.
At sunrise, Lori fashions a stretcher to move Nick, but the wolves track the smell and keep following them. The stretcher breaks but Lori still attempts to drag Nick on, rejecting his pleas to leave him behind. The wolves are relentless in their attack, and being exhausted from days without food or water, Lori loses the ability to defend him. The wolves surround them, so to prevent Nick from suffering through being eaten alive, she performs euthanasia on him by suffocating him. She breaks down and goes into shock as a rescue helicopter rounds the edge of the canyon; paramedics start to administer first aid while she is kneeling next to Nick's body.

## Cast

* Yvonne Strahovski as Lori Conway
* Will Patton as Henry
* Eion Bailey as Nick Conway
* Wendy Worthington as Motel Manager
* Andrea Marcellus as Park Ranger
* Philip Salick as Elvis Impersonator

## Production

Filmed on locations in Arizona and Utah.

## Release

The film opened in cinemas for a limited release on October 23, 2009. The DVD of the film was released on November 17, 2009.
# Here Again

Here Again is an album by American singer Johnny Nash, released in 1986. The album features a minor comeback hit, with the late-1985 single "Rock Me Baby" reaching the Top-20 on the Swiss album charts. The follow-up single, "Baby You're Mine" was less successful.
With this album, Nash had hoped for a successful comeback, but it did not make a significant impact on the charts.

## Track listing

* "Born to Sing" (Alvin A. Davies, John Barnes) - (5:09)
* "Precious Lady" (Alvin A. Davies) = (5:20)
* "Rock Me Baby" (Johnny Nash) - (4:30)
* "Island Girl" (Alvin A. Davies) - (4:03)
* "Baby You're Mine" (Carl Williams) - (3:30)
* "Mansion in the Sky" (Alvin A. Davies, Odell Brown) - (4:38)
* "Here Again" (Alvin A. Davies) - (5:50)
* "We Got Troubles" (Carl Williams) - (4:32)
* "Now You're Gone" (Alvin A. Davies) - (4:10)
* "Never Going Back" (Carl Williams) - (4:26)
# N. Williams House

The N. Williams House is an historic house at 7 Rawson Street (just northeast of its junction with Williams Street) in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. The 2+1⁄2 story wood-frame house was built c. 1845–55, and is one of Uxbridge's finest Greek Revival houses. It is five bays wide and four deep, with a pair of interior chimneys. It has corner pilasters supporting a full and wide cornice. Windows are set in moulded frames, the main entry is framed by sidelights, pilasters, and a cornice, and there are secondary entrances one the east elevation, one with sidelights and a transom window, the other with a transom window.
On October 7, 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
# Granatin

Granatin may refer to:
* Granatin A, an ellagitannin
* Granatin B, an ellagitannin
# Shahrom Sulaymonov

Shakhrom Todzhidinovich Sulaymonov (Tajik: Шаҳром Тоҷидинович Сулаймонов; Russian: ‌Шахром Тоджидинович Сулаймонов), born 27 June 1997) is a Tajik professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Istiklol.

## Career
### Club

On 6 August 2017, Sulaymonov was introduced as a new signing for FC Istiklol, signing on loan from Utenis Utena until the end of the 2017 season.
On 6 March 2020, Sulaymonov joined Lokomotiv Pamir on loan for the season.
On 26 February 2024, Istiklol confirmed the departure of Sulaymonov at the end of his contract, alongside Romish Jalilov, and that he had signed for Khosilot Farkhor.
On 19 February 2025, Istiklol announced the return of Sulaymonov and Romish Jalilov from Khosilot Farkhor.

### International

Sulaymonov made his senior international debut on 12 October 2018, in a 0–0 draw against Palestine.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 15 December 2023
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Utenis Utena | 2017 | A Lyga | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 10 | 1 |
| Istiklol (loan) | 2017 | Tajikistan Higher League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Istiklol | 2018 | Tajikistan Higher League | 10 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Istiklol | 2019 | Tajikistan Higher League | 16 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 2 |
| Istiklol | 2020 | Tajikistan Higher League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Istiklol | 2021 | Tajikistan Higher League | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Istiklol | 2022 | Tajikistan Higher League | 22 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 33 | 2 |
| Istiklol | 2023 | Tajikistan Higher League | 19 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 2 |
| Istiklol | Total | Total | 79 | 1 | 24 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 121 | 6 |
| Lokomotiv-Pamir (loan) | 2020 | Tajikistan Higher League | 19 | 3 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 21 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 108 | 5 | 26 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 152 | 10 |

### International

Tajikistan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2018 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 0 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 1 June 2022

## Honors
### Istiklol

* Tajikistan Higher League (5): 2017, 2018 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023
* Tajikistan Cup (4): 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023
* Tajik Supercup (4): 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022
# Luciopercinae

The Luciopercinae is a subfamily of ray-finned fish, classified within the family Percidae, the subfamily includes the pike-perches and zingels. The pike-perches of the genus Sander have an Holarctic distribution while the zingels of the tribe Romanichthyini are found in Europe. They are largely freshwater species but some can be found in brackish water.

## Characteristics

The species within the Luciopercinae have a number of morphological characteristics in common. These are the possession of weak spines in the anal fin, the lateral line extending as far as the margin of the caudal fin and additional lines over and under the main lateral line, having a cleithrum which does not have serrations on the pectoral girdle, and having a vertebra count of 41–50.

## Distribution

The Luciopercinae has a Holarctic distribution, the pike-perches of the genus Sander are found in Eurasia and North America and includes such commercially important species as the zander (Sander lucioperca) and the walleye (Sander vitreus). On the other hand the tribe Romanichthyini is restricted to Eastern Europe where the species within the tribe are all endemic to the fast flowing streams of the Danube drainage basin.

## Systematics

The subfamily is classified into two tribes and three genera, as set out below, containing a total of 10 species:
* Tribe Luciopercini Jordan & Evermann 1896
** Genus †Leobergia Schtylko, 1934
** Genus Sander Oken, 1817
* Tribe Romanichthyini Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica 1957
** Genus Romanichthys Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica 1957
** Genus Zingel Cloquet, 1817
The earliest known fossils of this subfamily are partial jaw and vertebrae elements of Sander from the middle Miocene (Barstovian)-aged Wood Mountain Formation of Saskatchewan, Canada. The extinct genus Leobergia is known from the Miocene and Pliocene of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Russia (Siberia).
# The Oswegonian

The Oswegonian is the student-run newspaper of the State University of New York at Oswego. It was established in 1935, and currently distributes 1,000 copies around the campus and to selected locations off-campus on a weekly basis.
The Oswegonian was honored by the Society of Professional Journalists in 2002, and was recognized as a National Finalist in the category of "Best All-Around Non-Daily Student Newspaper (published less than twice a week)." The publication subsequently captured national runner-up honors.
The newspaper distinguishes itself from other student-run publications by being an independent club of the school, administered by the student government for Oswego State, rather than being a direct offshoot of the host school's School of Communication, Media and the Arts.
In previous years, The Oswegonian has broken national headlines, including the State University of New York revoking Charlie Rose's Doctorate of Humane Letters in early 2018, keeping up with other well-known student-run newspapers and other local newspapers in the area.
# Yae (Cyrillic)

The Cyrillic script :
Slavic letters :
| А | А̀ | А̂ | А̄ | Ӑ | Ӓ | Б | В |
| Г | Ґ | Д | Ђ | Ѓ | Е | Ѐ | Е̂ |
| Е̄ | Ё | Є | Є́ | Ж | З | З́ | Ѕ |
| И | І | І́ | Ї | Ꙇ | Ѝ | И̂ | Ӣ |
| Й | Ӥ | Ј | К | Л | Љ | М | Н |
| Њ | О | О̀ | О̂ | О̄ | Ӧ | П | Р |
| С | С́ | Т | Ћ | Ќ | У | У̀ | У̂ |
| Ӯ | Ў | Ӱ | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Џ |
| Ш | Щ | Ꙏ | Ъ | Ъ̀ | Ы | Ь | Ѣ |
| Э | Ю | Ю̀ | Я | Я̀ | ʼ | ˮ | |
Non-Slavic letters :
| А̊ | А̃ | Ӓ̄ | Ӕ | Ә | Ә́ | Ә̃ | Ӛ |
| В̌ | Ԝ | Г̑ | Г̇ | Г̣ | Г̌ | Г̂ | Г̆ |
| Г̈ | Г̊ | Ҕ | Ғ | | Ӻ | Ғ̌ | Ғ̊ |
| Ӷ | Г̡ | Д́ | Д̌ | Д̈ | Д̣ | Д̆ | Ӗ |
| Е̃ | Ё̄ | Є̈ | Ԑ | Ԑ̈ | Җ | Ӝ | Ӂ |
| Ж̣ | Ҙ | Ӟ | З̌ | З̣ | З̆ | Ӡ | И̃ |
| И̇ | Ҋ | Қ | Ӄ | Ҡ | Ҟ | Ҝ | К̣ |
| К̊ | Қ̊ | Ԛ | ᴫ | Л́ | Ӆ | Ԯ | Ԓ |
| Л̈ | Ӎ | ᵸ | Н́ | Ӊ | Ң | Ԩ | Ӈ |
| Ҥ | О̆ | О̃ | Ӧ̄ | Ө | Ө̄ | Ө́ | Ө̆ |
| Ӫ | Ԥ | П̈ | Р̌ | Ҏ | С̌ | Ҫ | С̣ |
| С̱ | Т́ | Т̈ | Т̌ | Т̇ | Т̣ | Ҭ | Ᲊ |
| У̃ | У̌ | Ӳ | У̊ | Ӱ̄ | Ұ | Ү | Ү́ |
| Х̣ | Х̱ | Х̮ | Х̑ | Х̌ | Ҳ | Ӽ | Х̊ |
| Ӿ | Ӿ̊ | Һ | Һ̈ | Ԧ | Ц̌ | Ц̈ | Ҵ |
| Ҷ | Ҷ̣ | Ӵ | Ӌ | | Ҹ | Ч̇ | Ч̣ |
| Ҽ | Ҿ | Ш̣ | ꚜ | Ы̆ | Ы̄ | Ӹ | ꚝ |
| Ҍ | Ҩ | Э̆ | Э̄ | Э̇ | Ӭ | Ӭ́ | Ӭ̄ |
| Ю̆ | Ю̈ | Ю̄ | Я̆ | Я̄ | Я̈ | Ӏ | |
Archaic or unused letters :
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓Д̀Д̨ԂꚀꙢЕ̇Е̨Ж̀Ж̑ꙂꙄЏ̆ꚄꚄ̆ꙀЗ̀З̑ԄԆꚈԪꚂꚔІ̂І̣І̨Ј̵Ј̃ꙈК̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂Л̀ԠꙤԈЛ̑Л̇ԔМ̀М̃ꙦН̀Н̄Н̧Н̃ԊԢН̡ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮꚘꚚП̓П̀П́ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀Р̃ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑ꚊТ̧ꚌꚌ̆ѸꙊУ̇У̨ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧Х̾Х̓һ̱ѠꙌѼѾꙠЦ̀Ц́Ц̓ꚎꚎ̆ꚐЧ́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓ԬꚒꚆꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆ꚖꚖ̆Ъ̄Ъ̈Ъ̈̄ꙐЫ̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆ꙒЭ̨Э̂ꙔЮ̂ꙖЯ̈Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦꙘѪꙚѨꙜѬѮѰѲѴѶꙞ :
List of Cyrillic letters
List of Cyrillic multigraphs :
vte :
Yae or Yæ (Ԙ ԙ; italics: Ԙ ԙ) is an archaic letter of the Cyrillic script, a ligature of Я (Ya) and Е (E); я and е.
Yae was used in the old alphabet of the Mordvinic languages, where it represented the sequence [jæ], like the pronunciation of ⟨ya⟩ in "yak".

## Computing codes

Character information :
| Preview | Ԙ | Ԙ | ԙ | ԙ |
| Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAE | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAE | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAE | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAE |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1304 | U+0518 | 1305 | U+0519 |
| UTF-8 | 212 152 | D4 98 | 212 153 | D4 99 |
| Numeric character reference | &#1304; | &#x518; | &#1305; | &#x519; |
# Pancrazio Giustinian

Pancrazio Giustinian was a Venetian patrician, magistrate, and military commander active in 1332–1352.

## Life

Pancrazio Giustinian was the son of the Procurator of Saint Mark Marco Giustinian, of the noble House of Giustinian. The details of his birth and early life are unknown, and as is common with Venetian patrician houses, the existence of multiple persons with the same name make tracing his career difficult. His wife's name is likewise unknown, but he had three sons: Dardi, Mosè, and Marco. Only Marco is attested in the sources, serving as envoy to the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1364.
Pancrazio Giustinian is first securely attested in 1332, already a member of the Venetian Senate, when he was issued a fine for illegally importing wine from Crete. In May–June 1334 he was member of a commission set up to examine relations with Varmo, a town in Friuli, and in 1336 he was involved in drafting a resolution on the merchant galleys sent to the Byzantine Empire. Giustinian's first major public office was in October 1344, during the Smyrniote crusade, when he replaced the fallen Pietro Zeno in command of the forces at Smyrna until the arrival of Niccolò Barbarigo.
Back in Venice, Giustinian was elected Procurator of Saint Mark on 24 January 1346. On 3 August 1348 he was one of the five Venetian commissioners tasked with the final negotiations of a peace treaty with the envoys King Louis I of Hungary, leading to the conclusion of the treaty on 5 August. When the city of Capodistria rebelled against Venetian rule in September of the same year, Giustinian was appointed in command of the land forces sent to suppress it, along with Marco Soranzo as head of the fleet. Capodistria was forced to capitulate without bloodshed on 10 October, after the inhabitants received guarantees that neither they nor their property would be harmed. After a mission to Apulia, in December 1348 Giustinian was involved in the arbitration of the inheritance disputes after the death of the patrician Andrea da Mosto. His colleagues were two other distinguished Venetian patricians, Marco Loredan and the future Doge, Marino Faliero.
Following the outbreak of the War of the Straits with the Republic of Genoa, in September 1351 Giustinian was given command of a fleet of 13 galleys. He sailed to Sicily, where he joined the allied Aragonese fleet of 22 ships under Pons di Santapau [ca]. Together they sailed east, relieving the siege of the Venetian colony of Negroponte by the Genoese admiral Paganino Doria. Doria was forced to withdraw east to Chios and thence Galata, with the allies under Niccolò Pisani following slowly, as they were delayed and suffered casualties due to storms. On February 13, 1352, the Venetian, Aragonese, and their allied Byzantine ships engaged the Genoese in the confused and bloody Battle of the Bosporus, fought during the night amidst a storm. The battle ended without a decisive outcome but heavy casualties on both sides. Giustinian was among the fallen, and was later buried in a church in Constantinople.
# Vito Bonventre

Vito Bonventre (January 1, 1875 – July 15, 1930) was a New York City mobster who was a leading member of the Brooklyn gang that would later become the Bonanno Crime Family. He was arrested but then released in 1921 as the leader of a group known as the "Good Killers". Bonventre was murdered in 1930 at the start of a conflict between his gang and a rival gang led by Joe Masseria, referred to as the Castellammarese War.

## Early years

Vito Bonventre was born on January 1, 1875, in the town of Castellammare del Golfo in Sicily. In Castellammare del Golfo, his family was a member of a mafia clan created by an alliance with the Magaddino family in opposition to a mafia clan led by the Buccellato family. He immigrated to the United States just after the beginning of the twentieth century and settled in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. He soon became a member of the local mafia gang led by Nicolo Schiro.

## Leader of "The Good Killers"

Bonventre was arrested on August 16, 1921, in New York City along with Stefano Magaddino, Francesco Puma, Giuseppe Lombardi, Mariano Galante, and Bartolomeo DiGregorio for the murder of Camillo Caiozzo in Neptune, New Jersey, a couple of weeks earlier. Bonventre and the others were arrested following the confession of Bartolo Fontana. Fontana identified the men as members of the "Good Killers", a group of mafioso from Castellammare del Golfo with Bonventre as their leader. Fontana claimed they ordered him to kill Caiozzo in retaliation for the 1916 murder of Magaddino's brother, Pietro, in Sicily. He also said that the "Good Killers" were responsible for at least sixteen other murders.
Some of the victims he named were connected to the rival Buccellato family in Castellammere del Golfo. These included three Buccellato brothers living in Detroit: Salvatore, Felice, and Joseph killed in 1917-19 and their cousin, Pietro Buccellato killed in 1917.
The government's case against the "Good Killers" collapsed with only Fontana's testimony against them. Fontana went to prison for Caiozzo's murder and the others were released. Magaddino was unnerved by his close call and fled the city, eventually becoming the local mafia boss in Buffalo. Bonventre remained in New York as a leading member of the Schiro gang. With the onset of Prohibition, Bonventre became involved in extensive bootlegging activities.

## Death

During the early months of the Castellammarese War, Bonventre became a target as Castellammarese-born members of Schiro's gang began to threaten rival boss Joe Masseria's domination over mafia gangs. Masseria forced Schiro to pay him $10,000 and step down as boss of the gang. Afterwards on July 15, 1930, Bonventre was shot outside his garage.
Bonventre is buried in Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens.
# The Page News and Courier

The Page News and Courier is Page County, Virginia’s largest general circulation newspaper and provides coverage of local and regional news, events, issues, people, and industries.

## History

The newspaper was founded in Luray, Virginia in 1911, by a merger between The Page News (established in 1881) and The Page Valley Courier (established March 1867). The Page News and Courier is one of a number of newspapers owned by the Byrd Family. Other newspapers in the group include The Winchester Star (Winchester, Virginia and Frederick County, Virginia), The Daily News-Record (Harrisonburg, Virginia and Rockingham County, Virginia), The Warren Sentinel (Front Royal, Virginia and Warren County, Virginia), The Shenandoah Valley-Herald (Woodstock, Virginia and Shenandoah County, Virginia), The Valley Banner (Elkton, Virginia), The Clarke Times (Berryville, Virginia and Clarke County, Virginia), and the Rocktown Weekly (Harrisonburg, Virginia).
An earlier newspaper, the Luray Review, may have been the predecessor of Page Valley Courier, having been established before the American Civil War. Due to financial woes experienced on account of the war, however, the Luray Review may have ceased production as early as 1862.
On March 6, 2018, it was announced that The Page News and Courier, along with the other Byrd family newspapers, was sold to Ogden Newspapers.