# List of political parties in the Netherlands

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments.
The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, so a party will win a seat with only two-thirds percent of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.
The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.
No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918. All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

## National political parties
### Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament

| Political party | Political party | Political party | Political party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | Affiliation | Affiliation | Affiliation | Seats | Seats | Seats | Ref. |
| Political party | Political party | Political party | Political party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | Eur. | EP group | Intl. | Senators | House reps. | MEPs | Ref. |
| | PvdA | | Labour Party Partij van de Arbeid | Social democracy | Centre-left | Frans Timmermans | PES | S&D | PA | 14 / 75 | 25 / 150 | 4 / 31 | |
| | GL | | GreenLeft GroenLinks | Green politics | Centre-left | Frans Timmermans | EGP | Greens–EFA | GG | 14 / 75 | 25 / 150 | 4 / 31 | |
| | PVV | | Party for Freedom Partij voor de Vrijheid | Right-wing populism | Right-wing to far-right | Geert Wilders | ID | PfE | — | 4 / 75 | 37 / 150 | 6 / 31 | |
| | VVD | | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie | Conservative liberalism | Centre-right | Dilan Yeşilgöz | ALDE | RE | LI | 10 / 75 | 24 / 150 | 4 / 31 | |
| | BBB | | Farmer–Citizen Movement BoerBurgerBeweging | Agrarianism | Right-wing | Caroline van der Plas | — | EPP | — | 16 / 75 | 7 / 150 | 2 / 31 | — |
| | NSC | | New Social Contract Nieuw Sociaal Contract | Christian democracy | Centre-right | Pieter Omtzigt | — | EPP | — | 0 / 75 | 20 / 150 | 1 / 31 | — |
| | D66 | | Democrats 66 Democraten 66 | Social liberalism | Centre | Rob Jetten | ALDE | RE | LI | 5 / 75 | 9 / 150 | 3 / 31 | |
| | CDA | | Christian Democratic Appeal Christen-Democratisch Appèl | Christian democracy | Centre-right | Henri Bontenbal | EPP | EPP | CDI | 6 / 75 | 5 / 150 | 3 / 31 | |
| | SP | | Socialist Party Socialistische Partij | Democratic socialism | Left-wing | Jimmy Dijk | — | — | — | 3 / 75 | 5 / 150 | 0 / 31 | |
| | PvdD | | Party for the Animals Partij voor de Dieren | Animal welfare | Left-wing | Esther Ouwehand | APEU | The Left | — | 3 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 1 / 31 | |
| | CU | | Christian Union ChristenUnie | Christian democracy | Centre | Mirjam Bikker | ECPM | — | — | 3 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 0 / 31 | |
| | FvD | | Forum for Democracy Forum voor Democratie | National conservatism | Far-right | Thierry Baudet | ESN | — | — | 2 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 0 / 31 | |
| | SGP | | Reformed Political Party Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij | Christian right | Right-wing | Chris Stoffer | ECPM | ECR | — | 2 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 1 / 31 | |
| | JA21 | | Right Answer 2021 Juiste Antwoord 2021 | Conservative liberalism | Right-wing | Joost Eerdmans | ECR | ECR | — | 3 / 75 | 1 / 150 | 0 / 31 | — |
| | Volt | | Volt Netherlands Volt Nederland | European federalism | Centre | Laurens Dassen | Volt | Greens–EFA | — | 2 / 75 | 2 / 150 | 2 / 31 | |
| | DENK | | DENK | Minority interests | Centre-left | Stephan van Baarle | — | — | — | 0 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 0 / 31 | |
| | 50+ | | 50PLUS | Pensioners' interests | Centre | Gerard van Hooft | EDP | — | — | 1 / 75 | 0 / 150 | 0 / 31 | |
| | OPNL | | Independent Politics Netherlands Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland | Regionalism | | Auke van der Goot | EFA | — | — | 1 / 75 | 0 / 150 | 0 / 31 | — |

### Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament

| Party | Party | Party | Party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | Affiliation | Affiliation | Ref. |
| Party | Party | Party | Party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | European | International | Ref. |
| | BIJ1 | | BIJ1 | Anti-capitalism | Left-wing to far-left | Edson Olf | — | — | — |
| | CO | | Code Orange Code Oranje | Direct democracy | Syncretic | Bert Blase | — | — | — |
| | NVU | | Dutch People's Union Nederlandse Volks-Unie | Ethnic nationalism | Far-right | Constant Kusters | — | — | — |
| | OPA | | Elderly Politically Active Ouderen Politiek Actief | Pensioners' interests | Single-issue politics | Vacant | — | — | — |
| | GOUD | | GOUD | Pensioners' interests | Centre | Vacant | — | — | — |
| | HVV | | Heart for Freedom Hart voor Vrijheid | Antivax | Syncretic | Vacant | — | — | — |
| | LHK | | Henk Krol List Lijst Henk Krol | Progressive conservatism | Centre-right | Vacant | — | — | — |
| | BVNL | | Interest of the Netherlands Belang van Nederland | Classical liberalism | Right-wing | Wybren van Haga | — | — | — |
| | JL | | Jesus Lives Jezus Leeft | Evangelism | Right-wing | Florens van der Spek | — | — | — |
| | LEF | | LEF - For the New Generation LEF - Voor de Nieuwe Generatie | Youth politics | — | Daniël van Duijn | — | — | — |
| | LibDem | | Liberal Democratic Party Liberaal Democratische Partij | Social liberalism | Centre | Sammy van Tuyll | — | — | — |
| | LP | | Libertarian Party Libertaire Partij | Right-libertarianism | Right-wing | Tom van Lamoen | EPIL | LI | |
| | MDD | | More Direct Democracy Meer Directe Democratie | Direct democracy | Centre-right | Dorien Rookmaker | EAFD | — | — |
| | NCPN | | New Communist Party of the Netherlands Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland | Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | Rinze Visser | — | IMCWP | — |
| | NLB | | NLBeter | Public sector interests | Centre | Esther van Fenema | — | — | — |
| | NLPlan | | Netherlands with a Plan Nederland met een PLAN | Participatory democracy | Centre | Kok Kuen Chan | — | — | — |
| | PSP | | Pacifist Socialist Party '92 Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92 | Pacifist socialism | Left-wing | Vacant | — | — | — |
| | PvdR | | Party for the Republic Partij voor de Republiek | Republicanism | Centre | Bruno Braakhuis | — | — | — |
| | PvdS | | Party for Sports PartijvdSport | Health promotion | Centre | Annemarie van Duivenboden | — | — | — |
| | PDNM | | Party The New Human Partij De Nieuwe Mens | Spiritual left | Centre-left | Niraï Melis & Raishrie Gajadin | — | — | |
| | PPNL | | Pirate Party Piratenpartij | Pirate politics | Syncretic | Mark van Treuren | PPEU | PPI | |
| | PPvB | | Political Party for Basic Income Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen | Universal basic income | Single-issue politics | Sepp Hannen | — | — | — |
| | TON | | Proud of the Netherlands Trots op Nederland | Conservative liberalism | Right-wing | Sander van den Raadt | — | — | — |
| | SPL | | Splinter | Secularism | — | Femke Merel van Kooten | — | — | — |
| | DG | | The Greens De Groenen | Green politics | Centre-left | Mark van Treuren | — | — | — |
| | DFP | | The Party Party De Feestpartij | Joke Party | Syncretic | Johan Vlemmix | — | — | — |
| | SvN | | Together for the Netherlands Samen voor Nederland | Right-wing populism | Far-right | Michel Reijinga | — | — | — |
| | UCF | | Ubuntu Connected Front | Ubuntuism | Centre-left | Regillio Vaarnold | — | — | — |
| | VCP | | United Communist Party Verenigde Communistische Partij | Communism | Far-left | Engel Modderman | — | — | — |
| | VDR | | vandeRegio | Regionalism | Centre | Sent Wierda | EFA | — | — |

## Regional and local political parties
### European Netherlands
#### Regional parties

| Political party | Political party | Active in | Seats in the prov. council | European affiliation |
| FNP | Frisian National Party Fryske Nasjonale Partij | Friesland | 4 / 43 | EFA |
| GB | Groninger Interest Groninger Belang | Groningen | 3 / 43 | — |
| LB | Local Brabant Lokaal Brabant | North Brabant | 2 / 55 | — |
| LL | Local Limburg Lokaal-Limburg | Limburg | 2 / 47 | — |
| PvhN | Party for the North Partij voor het Noorden | Groningen Friesland Drenthe | Groningen: 1 / 43 | — |
| PvZ | Party for Zeeland Partij voor Zeeland | Zeeland | 2 / 39 | — |
| PBF | Provincial Interest Fryslân [nl] Provinciaal Belang Fryslân | Friesland | 1 / 43 | — |
| SLD | Strong Local Drenthe Sterk Lokaal Drenthe | Drenthe | 1 / 43 | — |
| SLF | Strong Local Flevoland Sterk Lokaal Flevoland | Flevoland | 1 / 41 | — |

#### Local parties

| Party | Party | Main ideology | Position |
| Forza! | Forza! Netherlands Forza! Nederland | Right-wing populism | Right-wing |
| HvDH | Heart for The Hague Hart voor Den Haag/Groep de Mos | Conservative liberalism | Right-wing |
| LR | Livable Rotterdam Leefbaar Rotterdam | Fortuynism | Right-wing |
| VSP | United Seniors Party Verenigde Senioren Partij | Pensioners' interests | Single-issue politics |

#### Water board parties

| Political party | Political party | Political party | Political party | Main ideology | Position |
| | AWP | | General Water Board Party Algemene Waterschapspartij | Apoliticism | Syncretic |
| | WN | | Water Natuurlijk | Green politics | Centre-left |

## Defunct political parties

List of parties that have participated in elections for the House or European Parliament since 1918. :
| Party | Ideology | Start | End | Max vote share |
| Actie Bouwman | | 1934 | 1940 | 0.57 |
| General Elderly Alliance Algemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV) | | 1993 | | 3.63 |
| General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations Algemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen | | 1904 | 1926 | 30.03 |
| Article 50 Artikel 50 | | 2012 | 2015 | 0.51 |
| General Dutch Fascist League Algemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (ANFB) | Fascism | 1932 | 1934 | |
| Anti-Revolutionary Party Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP) | | 1879 | 1980 | |
| Workers Party of the Netherlands Arbeiderspartij van Nederland | | | | |
| Farmers' Party Boerenpartij | | 1958 | 1981 | 4.77 |
| League of Christian Socialists Bond Christen-Socialisten | | | | |
| League of Free Liberals Bond van Vrije Liberalen | | 1906 | 1921 | |
| Centre Democrats Centrum Democraten (CD) | | 1984 | 2002 | 2.46 |
| Centre Party Centrumpartij | | 1980 | 1986 | 0.83 |
| Centre Party '86 Centrumpartij '86 | | 1986 | 1998 | 0.40 |
| Christian Democratic Party Christen-Democratische Partij | | | | |
| Christian Democratic Union Christelijk-Democratische Unie | | 1926 | 1946 | 2.09 |
| Christian Historical Union Christelijk-Historische Unie (CHU) | | 1908 | 1980 | |
| Christian Social Party Christelijk-Sociale Partij (CSP) | | 1907 | 1926 | |
| Christian Historical Voters' League Christelijk Historische Kiezersbond (CHK) | | 1897 | 1903 | |
| Christian Historical Party Christelijk Historische Partij | | 1903 | 1908 | |
| Communist Party of the Netherlands Communistische Partij Nederland (CPN) | | 1901 | 1991 | 10.56 |
| Democratic Party Democratische Partij | | 1921 | 1932 | |
| Democratic Socialists '70 Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70) | | 1970 | 1983 | 5.33 |
| Economic League Economische Bond (EB) | | 1917 | 1921 | 3.11 |
| Entrepreneurs' Party OndernemersPartij (OP) | | 2015 | 2019 | 0.12 |
| Europe Transparent | | | | |
| Evangelical People's Party Evangelische Volkspartij (EVP) | | 1981 | 1991 | 0.69 |
| Fatherland League | | | | |
| Free and Social Netherlands | | | | |
| Frisian League Friesche Bond | | 1898 | 1908 | |
| Reformed Political League Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV) | | 1948 | 2003 | 1.77 |
| Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij | | 1921 | 1946 | 1.06 |
| Independent Socialist Party | | | | |
| Islam Democrats Islam Democraten | | 2005 | | 0.0 |
| Catholic National Party | | | | 2.71 |
| Catholic People's Party | | 1945 | 1980 | 31.88 |
| Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) | | | | |
| Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland | Communism | 1964 | 1985 | 0.03 |
| Independent Citizens' Party | | | | |
| Livable Netherlands Leefbaar Nederland (LN) | | 1999 | 2007 | 1.61 |
| Liberal State Party Liberale Staatspartij (LSP) | | 1921 | 1946 | 9.26 |
| Liberal Party Liberale Partij | | 1922 | 1925 | |
| Liberal Union | | 1885 | 1921 | |
| Pim Fortuyn List Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF) | | 2002 | 2008 | 17.00 |
| Ratelband List | | | | |
| Middle Party for City and Country | | | | |
| Middle Class Party | | | | |
| National Socialist Dutch Workers Party Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP) | National socialism | 1931 | 1941 | 0.02 |
| National Socialist Movement Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB) | Fascism | 1931 | 1945 | 4.22 |
| Dutch Block | | | | |
| New Middle Party | | | | |
| Neutral Party | | | | |
| New National Party Nieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP) | | 1998 | 2005 | |
| New Right Nieuw Rechts | | 2003 | 2007 | |
| NIDA | | | | |
| New Ways Nieuwe Wegen | | | | 0.14 |
| Pacifist Socialist Party | | 1957 | 1991 | 3.03 |
| Party of the Future | | | 2021 | |
| Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity | | | 2022 | |
| Freedom Party Partij van de Vrijheid (PvdV) | | 1946 | 1948 | 6.41 |
| Party for Justice, Action and Progress | | | | |
| Peasants' League | | | | |
| Political Party of Radicals Politieke Partij Radikalen (PPR) | | 1968 | 1990 | 4.80 |
| Progressive Integration Party | | | | |
| Radical League | | | | |
| Reformatory Political Federation | | 1975 | 2003 | |
| Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands | | | | 0.92 |
| Roman Catholic State Party | | 1926 | 1945 | 29.64 |
| Social Democratic Workers' Party | | 1894 | 1946 | 23.81 |
| Social Democratic League | | | | |
| Socialist Party | | | | |
| Union 55+ | | | | |
| Alliance to Democratise the Forces | | | | 0.51 |
| League of Communists in the Netherlands | | | | |
| Alliance for National Reconstruction Verbond voor Nationaal Herstel | | 1933 | 1941 | 0.80 |
| VoorNederland | | 2014 | 2017 | 0.36 |
| Free-minded Party | | | | |
| Free-thinking Democratic League Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB) | | 1901 | 1946 | 9.06 |
| Free Anti Revolutionary Party Vrij-Antirevolutionaire Partij (VAR) | | 1898 | 1903 | |
| Union of Actualists Verbond van Actualisten | Actualism | 1923 | 1928 | |