OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grinnell Herald-Register

The Grinnell Herald-Register is a semi-weekly newspaper in Grinnell, Iowa. It was formed February 13, 1936 after the merger of the Grinnell Herald and Grinnell Register. The Herald was founded on August 16, 1871 as a semi-weekly newspaper, and the Register was founded in 1888. The Grinnell Herald, in turn, was founded as the Poweshiek County Herald on March 18, 1868. In 1944, the newspaper was purchased by the Pinder family. It remains a family owned paper as of 2022.
The paper was published by Al and Dorothy Pinder until their deaths. Their daughters, Martha Pinder and Peggy Elliot manage and edit the paper as of 2022.
# Gwiazda (Holyoke)

Gwiazda, also known as The Polish Weekly-"Star" and Gwiazda Wolnosci (Star of Freedom), was a Polish language weekly published by Stanislaw Walczak in Holyoke, Massachusetts from 1923 to 1953, after which it was called The Star and published in English from 1953 until 1956. It was Holyoke's first and longest running Polish newspaper.
# 1815 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1815 in South Africa.

## Events

* Shaka becomes king of the Zulus
* Colonial army crushes Slachter's Nek Rebellion.
* Gov. Lord Somerset forces Ngqika into alliance to prevent cattle raiding.
* 30 May - The Arniston, a British troop transport East Indiaman, is wrecked at Waenhuiskrans near Cape Agulhas while returning from the British campaigns in Ceylon

## Births

* 12 March - Cornelis Moll, founder of the first Natal newspaper De Natalier, is born as the 24th child in Cape Town

## Deaths

* 29 December - Saartjie Baartman, the "Hottentot Venus", dies in Paris.
# Richard W. Aldrich

Richard Warren Aldrich is an American neuroscientist who is currently the Karl Folkers Chair of Interdisciplinary Medical Research and Professor of Neurobiology in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Texas.

## Early life

Graduating from the University of Arizona with a BS in Biological Sciences (1975), Aldrich went on to earn a Ph. D. in Neuroscience from Stanford University (1980). After completing a post-doctoral fellowship in physiology at Yale University under the direction of W. Knox Chandler and Charles F. Stevens, Aldrich was hired to teach at Yale, instructing in the Department of Molecular Neurobiology. In 1985, Aldrich returned to Stanford to teach neurobiology and physiology, eventually serving as Chair of the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology from 2001 to 2004. He was an Investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute from 1990 until 2006. Aldrich's research has focused on the "molecular mechanisms of ion channel function and their role in electrical signaling." Aldrich has served as the President of the Society of General Physiologists and the Biophysical Society. Aldrich became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2008, and in 2011 was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
# Marian (surname)

Marian is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Boris Marian (born 1934), Moldovan writer, translator, journalist and Soviet dissident
* Ciobann Marian, Romanian sprint canoeist
* Ferdinand Marian (1902–1946), Austrian actor
* Michèle Marian (born 1963), German actress
* Radu Marian (born 1977), Moldovan sopranist
* Simion Florea Marian (1847–1907), Romanian folklorist and ethnographer
* Victor Marian (born 1984), Moldovan footballer
* Viorica Marian, Moldovan-born American psychologist and professor
# Modjeska Canyon, California

Modjeska Canyon is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) on the western slope of the Santa Ana Mountains in eastern Orange County, California. It is a suburban community of several hundred residents, with a small park and a volunteer fire station. The ZIP Code is 92676, and the community is inside area code 714.
The canyon is also the location of the Tucker Wildlife Sanctuary. Most of the canyon is bordered by the Cleveland National Forest. The community of Modjeska is very tight knit, hosting several in-canyon events, such as pot lucks, dance lessons, movie nights at the park, Fourth of July parades, as well as Christmas and Halloween parties. The parties are usually held in the Modjeska Community Center and the Fire Station. They also hold events for non-residents to come and enjoy, such as an arts and crafts fair held in early spring at the Tucker Wildlife Sanctuary.

## History

Modjeska is named after the 19th-century Polish stage actress, mother of the famous bridge engineer Ralph Modjeski, Helena Modjeska, who settled in the canyon in the late 19th century. Her home from 1888 to 1906, "Arden", is a National Historic Landmark. The house and gardens are private; therefore, reservations are required for a tour of the property. The house is typically open only once or twice a month.
Mary Teegarden Clark, an early resident of nearby Orange, described a late 1800s community picnic in Modjeska in her memoirs, Pioneer Ranch Life in Orange.

## Demographics

For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau first listed Modjeska as a census-designated place (CDP) in the 2020 census.

### 2020 census

Modjeska, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 449 | 71.04% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 1 | 0.16% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 9 | 1.42% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 20 | 3.16% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 0.16% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 2 | 0.32% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 48 | 7.59% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 102 | 16.14% |
| Total | 632 | 100.00% |
The Brotherhood of Eternal Love was incorporated as a non-profit organization in Modjeska on Oct 26, 1966 — a few months before John Griggs and other founding members relocated to the Woodland Drive neighborhood of Laguna Beach, CA (later known as 'Dodge City').

## Wildfires

The canyon was affected by the Santiago Fire. About 14 homes in Modjeska were destroyed by the fire and another 8 homes were damaged (out of a total of roughly 220 homes in the canyon). Mandatory evacuations were issued prior to President George W. Bush declaring the site an emergency.
During the Bond Fire, Modjeska Canyon was one of the first communities to be evacuated due to their proximity to Silverado Canyon, where the wildfire originated.

## Gallery

* Side street
* Modjeska Fire House
# Taufiq Kasrun

Taufiq Kasrun (born 12 October 1985) is an Indonesian professional football coach and former player who is currently head coach of Cimahi Putra.

## Club career
### Hizbul Wathan FC

In 2021, Kasrun signed a contract with Indonesian Liga 2 club Hizbul Wathan. He made his league debut on 27 September against Persijap Jepara. On 25 October 2021, Kasrun scored his first goal for Hizbul Wathan against PSG Pati in the 11th minute at the Manahan Stadium, Surakarta.

## Honours
### Club
#### Sriwijaya

* Indonesian Inter Island Cup: 2012
# Nickajack Lake

Nickajack Lake is the reservoir created by Nickajack Dam as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The lake stretches from Nickajack Dam to Chickamauga Dam, passing through the city of Chattanooga. The Tennessee River Gorge, commonly referred to as the "Grand Canyon of Tennessee", is also part of Nickajack Lake.
Full pool for Nickajack Lake is approximately 633.5 feet (193.1 m) above sea level, and remains consistent during the course of the year, unlike nearby Chickamauga Lake.
The world record for freshwater drum was caught from Nickajack Lake in 1972 by Benny Hull, and weighed in at 54 pounds 8 ounces (24.7 kg).
A lake sturgeon was caught in Nickajack Lake in 2011. This was the first sighting of one in the lake since they left the area in the 1960s.
# Tim Edwards (American football)

Timothy Edwards (born August 29, 1968) is a former American football defensive tackle who played one season with the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Delta State and was drafted by the Patriots in the 12th round of the 1991 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
# Harbor Country News

The Harbor Country News is a weekly newspaper published by News-Dispatch Media / Paxton Media Group. It primarily serves the residents of, and their guests and other visitors to, the small communities of Harbor Country, a rural resort region bordering Lake Michigan in southwestern Berrien County, Michigan.
Printed every Thursday, Harbor Country News bills itself as "southwestern Berrien County’s best source for local news, sports, entertainment, things to do, and great places to shop!" While the news and advertising offices are located in New Buffalo, Michigan, the paper is printed in nearby Michigan City, Indiana.
Harbor Country News is one of three weekly newspapers serving the inhabitants of Harbor County, the others being the New Buffalo Times and The South County Gazette.
# 2000 Kvalserien

The 2000 Kvalserien was the 26th edition of the Kvalserien. It determined two teams of the participating ones would play in the 2000–01 Elitserien season and which four teams would play in the 2000–01 Allsvenskan season.

## Tournament

| | Club | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Timrå IK | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 34 | 20 | 21 |
| 2. | IF Björklöven | 10 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 28 | 21 | 21 |
| 3. | Västerås IK | 10 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 30 | 21 | 19 |
| 4. | Linköpings HC | 10 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 41 | 38 | 13 |
| 5. | Södertälje SK | 10 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 23 | 31 | 10 |
| 6. | Nyköpings Hockey 90 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 27 | 52 | 6 |
# Bridge number

In the mathematical field of knot theory, the bridge number, also called the bridge index, is an invariant of a knot defined as the minimal number of bridges required in all the possible bridge representations of a knot.

## Definition

Given a knot or link, draw a diagram of the link using the convention that a gap in the line denotes an undercrossing. Call an unbroken arc in this diagram a bridge if it includes at least one overcrossing. Then the bridge number of a knot can be found as the minimum number of bridges required for any diagram of the knot. Bridge numbers were first studied in the 1950s by Horst Schubert.
The bridge number can equivalently be defined geometrically instead of topologically. In bridge representation, a knot lies entirely in the plane apart for a finite number of bridges whose projections onto the plane are straight lines. Equivalently, the bridge number is the minimal number of local maxima of the projection of the knot onto a vector, where we minimize over all projections and over all conformations of the knot. In this context, the bridge number is often called the crookedness.

## Properties

Every non-trivial knot has bridge number at least two, so the knots that minimize the bridge number (other than the unknot) are the 2-bridge knots. It can be shown that every n-bridge knot can be decomposed into two trivial n-tangles and hence 2-bridge knots are rational knots.
If K is the connected sum of K$_1$ and K$_2$, then the bridge number of K is one less than the sum of the bridge numbers of K$_1$ and K$_2$.

## Other numerical invariants

* Crossing number
* Linking number
* Stick number
* Unknotting number
# Rube Kroh

Floyd Myron "Rube" Kroh (August 25, 1886 – March 17, 1944), was a professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues from 1906 to 1912. He played for the Boston Braves, Boston Americans, and Chicago Cubs. He is generally credited as the player who got the ball into the hands of Johnny Evers in the famous Merkle's Boner game.
# Helene Wessel

Helene Wessel (6 July 1898 - 13 October 1969) was a German politician. From October 1949 to January 1952 she was chairwoman of the Centre Party and a founding member of the All-German People's Party, which eventually joined the SPD. She was elected to the Parlamentarischer Rat, the West German constitutional convention.

## Early life

Helene Wessel was born on 6 July 1898 in Hörde (now in Dortmund) and was the youngest of four children of the Reichsbahn officials Henry Wessel and his wife, Helene Wessel, born in Linz. Her parents were deeply influenced by their Catholic faith, her father being a member of the German Centre Party. He died in 1905 from the consequences of an unknown accident.
She completed a commercial apprenticeship in November 1915 and worked as a secretary in the office of the Centre Party Horder. In March 1923, she began a one-year course at the State Welfare School in Munster for youth and social welfare. In 1919, she became involved in the Centre Party, and was elected in May 1928 in the Prussian Parliament. She managed two professions on as party secretary and another as a social worker of the Catholic Church. In October 1929, she settled at the Berlin Academy of German social and educational women's work to educate graduate welfare workers. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Wessel was classified as "politically unreliable".

## Political career

After the Second World War she was active politically again. In 1949 she was one of the Center party's representatives in the Bundestag and also was elected chairwoman of the party, the first woman ever to lead a German party. A Lutheran pacifist, the left-wing Catholic vocally opposed in 1951. Adenauer's policy of German rearmament and joined forces with the CDU's Gustav Heinemann, the former Minister of the Interior. Both formed the "Notgemeinschaft zur Rettung des Friedens in Europa" ("Emergency Community to Save Peace in Europe"), an initiative intended to prevent rearmament.
Wessel resigned from her post and in November 1952 and left the party. Immediately afterwards, Wessel and Heinemann turned the "Notgemeinschaft" into a political party, the "Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei" ("Whole-German People's Party" aka GVP), which failed badly in the elections of 1953. In 1957, the GVP dissolved and most members joined the SPD.
# Proxiuber hulmei

Proxiuber hulmei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Naticidae.
# North Tura Assembly constituency

North Tura is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India. It is part of West Garo Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. It falls under Tura Lok Sabha constituency and its current MLA is Thomas A. Sangma of National People's Party.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party |
| 2013 | Noverfield Marak | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | Thomas A. Sangma | National People's Party |
| 2023 | Thomas A. Sangma | National People's Party |

## Election results
### Assembly Election 2023

2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election: North Tura :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | NPP | Thomas A. Sangma | 11,386 | 42.75% | 15.79 |
| | BJP | Adam Kid M. Sangma | 7,501 | 28.17% | New |
| | AITC | Rupert M. Sangma | 4,743 | 17.81% | New |
| | INC | Billykid A. Sangma | 2,113 | 7.93% | 10.31 |
| | UDP | Dr. Pilne A. Sangma | 665 | 2.50% | 2.81 |
| | JD(U) | Bina Rosaline A. Sangma | 224 | 0.84% | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 262 | 0.98% | 0.04 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 3,885 | 14.59% | 5.88 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 26,632 | 77.34% | 1.40 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 34,434 | | 12.68 |
| | NPP hold | NPP hold | Swing | 15.79 | |

### Assembly Election 2018

2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election: North Tura :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | NPP | Thomas A. Sangma | 6,487 | 26.96% | 8.43 |
| | INC | Noverfield R. Marak | 4,391 | 18.25% | 4.64 |
| | Independent | Adam Kid M. Sangma | 3,886 | 16.15% | New |
| | Independent | Rupert M. Sangma | 2,874 | 11.94% | New |
| | Independent | Roger Benny A. Sangma | 1,953 | 8.12% | New |
| | Independent | Sengman R. Marak | 1,376 | 5.72% | New |
| | UDP | Utpal Arengh | 1,277 | 5.31% | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 226 | 0.94% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 2,096 | 8.71% | 5.97 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 24,063 | 78.75% | 1.31 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 30,558 | | 18.78 |
| | NPP gain from INC | NPP gain from INC | Swing | 4.08 | |

### Assembly Election 2013

2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election: North Tura :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Noverfield R. Marak | 4,713 | 22.88% | New |
| | Independent | Roger Benny A. Sangma | 4,148 | 20.14% | New |
| | NPP | Thomas A. Sangma | 3,817 | 18.53% | New |
| | Independent | Adam Kid M. Sangma | 3,125 | 15.17% | New |
| | Independent | Kredithson Ch. Marak | 1,375 | 6.68% | New |
| | Independent | Kismet A. Sangma | 1,161 | 5.64% | New |
| | Independent | Sengman R. Marak | 869 | 4.22% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 565 | 2.74% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,596 | 80.06% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 25,726 | | |
| | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) |
# Killeen Mall

Killeen Mall is a 557,418-square-foot (51,785.8 m$^2$) shopping mall located in Killeen, Texas located on 63.1 acres (25.5 ha). In February 2024, the Kohan Retail Investment Group and Rocky Companies acquired the Killeen Mall. Recently, Rocky Companies assumed full ownership.

## History

The mall opened in 1981 and has 100 stores. The original anchors were Bealls, Sears, and O. G. Wilson Catalog Showroom, owned by Zale Corporation (later Best Products).
Killeen Mall is one of two regional malls in Bell County, with the other being Temple Mall, in nearby Temple.
On December 28, 2018, Sears announced that the Killeen Mall location would be closing in March 2019 as part of a plan to close 80 stores nationwide. The former Sears will become a second Dillard's.
After Dillard’s opened their new location in the former Sears, they opted to close one of their locations at the mall. On September 16, 2021, Mega Furniture opened a furniture store in the mall. However, by 2024 the store had closed.
In February 2024, Kohan Retail Investment Group bought the Killeen Mall.
As of 2025 the mall plans to add two new stores to their remaining vacant anchor space. HomeGoods, T.J.Maxx and Five Below plan to open in 2025 in the vacant Mega Furniture space.

### 2024 truck incident and shooting

On December 21, 2024, 53-year-old John Darrel Schultz of Kempner, Texas drove a pickup truck through the front doors of the JCPenney store in the mall. Schultz was being pursued by police after an officer attempted to pull him over near the intersection of Interstate 35 and Interstate 14 in Belton for driving erratically and potentially under the influence. Schultz led officers to Killeen Mall where he veered into the parking lot of the mall before crashing through the glass front doors of the JCPenney.
Schultz injured five people inside the store, including four who required hospitalization, between the ages of 6 and 75-years-old and was pursued on foot by officers in the store. Schultz allegedly drove several hundred yards inside the store before a Texas Department of Public Safety trooper, a Killeen police officer, and three off-duty officers, one of whom was working as a security guard for the mall, opened fire on Schultz, killing him. False claims of an active shooter at the mall spread online.

## Anchors

* Dillard's
* JCPenney
* Burlington Coat Factory
# La Encantada (shopping center)

La Encantada is an upscale, outdoor shopping mall located in Catalina Foothills, an unincorporated suburb of Tucson, Arizona, United States. It is owned by Town West, and was owned by Macerich until September 2021. It opened in 2003 as the only luxury shopping center in the Tucson region.

## History

La Encantada began in planning stages in early 1998. With the successful Kierland Commons in Phoenix as an example, Westcor hoped to recreate the same success in Tucson.
The center was designed with a Spanish, hacienda style and construction began in 2002. By 2003, more than 80% of the center was leased.
The first phase opened with AJ's Fine Foods, Ann Taylor, Anthropologie, Apple Store, Coach, Cole Haan, Crate & Barrel, Lucky Brand Jeans, and Pottery Barn.
Phase II established the center as the premier shopping destination in the Tucson area, landing a score of first luxury stores for the region, including BCBG Max Azria, Brooks Brothers, Brooks Brothers Country Club, Louis Vuitton, Sigrid Olsen, St. John, and Tiffany & Co. Higher-income Tucsonans previously had to travel to the Phoenix/Scottsdale area, or out-of-state, to patronize this caliber of retail.
# Theta Virginis

Theta Virginis (θ Vir, θ Virginis) is a multiple star system in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. Based upon parallax measurements, it is about 320 light years from the Sun. The three stars in this system have a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.37, bright enough to be seen with the naked eye.
The primary component, Theta Virginis Aa, is a white-hued A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A1Vs. It is part of a spectroscopic binary whose components, Aa and Ab, have visual magnitudes of +4.49 and +6.83 respectively. The system has an orbital period of about 33.04 years with an eccentricity of 0.9. The brighter member of this pair shows photometric and radial velocity periodicities with a cycle time of 0.7 days, which may indicate its rotation period.
The inner pair is orbited by the 9.4 magnitude B component, at an angular separation of 7.1 arcseconds. A fourth component C, 69.6 arcseconds away, has an apparent magnitude of 10.4. However, component C is an optical companion: it is physically unrelated and only appears close in the sky.
On 11 November 2028 and again 11 November 2036, it will have close conjunctions with Venus.$^{:167}$
Coincidentally on 11 November 2044 Venus will occult it just 41 days after occulting the bright star Regulus.
# Lakeside Village (Lakeland)

Lakeside Village is an open-air shopping mall located on the southern side of Lakeland, Florida, in the United States. Located off the Polk Parkway at Harden Boulevard, it is classified as a "regional mall" by the International Council of Shopping Centers, and it draws shoppers from much of the Lakeland metropolitan area.
It is also a mixed-use complex, with office space available and three hotels on site.
Since opening, the shopping center has caused businesses off of Florida Avenue to either close or relocate due to competition.

## Anchor Stores

* Bed Bath & Beyond
* Belk
* Cobb Lakeside 18 & IMAX (18-screen movie theater)
* Kohl's