OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malcolm Karpany

Malcolm Karpany (born 1 June 1995) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL).
He was raised in Adelaide and Moonta, South Australia. He is Indigenous Australian; his family are predominantly Narungga and he is related to Gavin Wanganeen and Michael O'Loughlin. During his high schooling, Malcolm moved to Adelaide and attended Rostrevor College. He was drafted by the West Coast Eagles with their second selection and thirty-first overall in the 2013 national draft. He made his debut in the nineteen point loss against Collingwood in round 19, 2016 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Karpany signed a one-year contract extension at the end of the 2017 season, but was delisted the following year.
# Housing, Town Planning, etc. Act 1909

The Housing, Town Planning, etc. Act 1909 (9 Edw. 7. c. 44) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which prevented the building of "back-to-back" houses. The act also meant local authorities must introduce systems of town planning and meant homes had to be built to certain legal standards.
The act was the first piece of British legislation to use the term 'town planning'.$^{:267}$$^{:1}$

## Background

Town planning as a concept had become more popular in Britain at the turn of the 20th century, drawing on the idea of the garden city and the extensions of existing towns occurring in Germany at the time.$^{:290}$ The need for legislation on the subject was prompted by a housing reform movement that had emerged from the debates around poverty and social conditions during the Boer War as well as a decline in house building from 1904.$^{:290}$

## Passage through Parliament

The bill had its first reading in March 1908.$^{:20}$ It was generally welcomed but remained in the committee stage for 23 days, until near the end of the parliamentary session.$^{:21}$ It ended up being withdrawn and resubmitted at the beginning of the next session and considered by a Committee of the Whole House to speed up procedures.$^{:21}$ The new bill's second reading was in April 1909 and when it got to its committee stage, over 360 amendments were proposed.$^{:21}$
The bill moved to the House of Lords in September 1909 where it was notably attacked by Earl Cawdor while the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Birmingham supported it.$^{:21}$ It passed back to the House of Commons in November before being returned and passed by the Lords, a week before the Liberal government collapsed over the People's Budget.$^{:21–22}$

## Responses

Politicians of all parties were sympathetic to the idea of town planning, but curtailing private interests with municipal power was seen as too radical to many and meant the legislation was weaker than planning campaigners had hoped.$^{:20}$ In September 1909, The Builder called the legislation "a strong Bill drawn up by a strong man who wants something done".$^{:21}$

### Legacy

The act has generally been seen both as a pioneering first step and as a disappointment to its drafters and to contemporary campaigners.$^{:267}$$^{:20}$ On one hand, it is noted as an important basis for later legislation. At the same time, the act is criticised as being "virtually inoperative" until the Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919 was passed.$^{:289}$
In 1974, the 65th anniversary of the legislation was marked with a special issue of Planning, the journal of the Royal Town Planning Institute.$^{:267}$
# The Post (Ohio student newspaper)

The Post is a student-run newspaper in Athens, Ohio, that covers Ohio University and Athens County. While classes at OU are in session, it publishes online every day and in print every Thursday. Though its newsroom is located in John Calhoun Baker University Center at Ohio University, the paper is editorially independent from the university.

## History

The Post was launched in December 1911 as The Green and White, succeeding other student newspapers such as the Mirror, which had begun publishing in the 1800s. It was succeeded by the Post in fall 1939.
In 2015, the paper announced it would be moving to a digital-first model. This transition lowered the number of days The Post prints from five times a week to one, though content is published online daily. The paper, previously a broadsheet, was changed to a tabloid. As part of the transition, the paper underwent a redesign and rebranding, including a new logo.

## Notable alumni

* Andy Alexander, former ombudsman at The Washington Post and deputy bureau chief for Cox Newspapers.
* P.J. Bednarski, media reporter and editor, formerly the editor of Electronic Media and executive editor of Broadcasting & Cable; former TV critic for the Chicago Sun-Times and at USA Today when it debuted in 1982.
* Phil Elliott, politics reporter for TIME.
* Joe Eszterhas, writer best known for his work on the films Basic Instinct and Showgirls.
* Tom Hodson, former director of the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism.
* John Kaplan, a professor at the University of Florida and winner of the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography for his work on "Age 21 in America", a photo essay about the lives of young adults.
* Peter King, senior writer for Sports Illustrated.
* Laura Landro, columnist and former assistant managing editor at The Wall Street Journal. Contributed an article to an award-winning seven-part Wall Street Journal series in 2004.
* Wesley Lowery, reporter for The Washington Post who led the team that won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for their work tracking and analyzing fatal shootings by on-duty police officers.
* Joe Mahr, reporter for the Chicago Tribune and winner of the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for a series on the atrocities committed by Tiger Force, a U.S. Army platoon during the Vietnam War.
* Alan D. Miller, editor and interim general manager of The Columbus Dispatch.
* Nancy Nall Derringer, columnist and blogger, whose reporting on Bush administration staffer Tim Goeglein's plagiarism led to his dismissal within a 24-hour news cycle.
* Larry Neumeister, New York courts reporter for the Associated Press who covered Sonia Sotomayor's confirmation hearing and Bernard Madoff's sentencing.
* Clarence Page, syndicated columnist and senior member of the Chicago Tribune editorial board who won a Pulitzer Prize in 1989 for his commentary in the Tribune.
* Dennis Shere, author of Cain's Redemption and former publisher of the Dayton Daily News
* Alex Stuckey, reporter for The Salt Lake Tribune who won the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting for her contributions to a series on sexual assault at Brigham Young University.
# Antigua and Barbuda at the 1983 Pan American Games

The 9th Pan American Games were held in Caracas, Venezuela from August 14 to August 29, 1983. Antigua and Barbuda competed for the second time at the Pan American Games.
# Dhammānudhammapaṭipatti (treatise)

Dhammānudhammapaṭipatti (also spelled Thammanuthamma-patipatti, 'Practice in perfect conformity with the Dhamma') is an important Thai Buddhist text which deals with different stages of awakening.

## History

The text was originally printed in five parts between 1932 and 1934 with no author given. It was later associated with Venerable Luang Pu Mun the founder of the Thai Forest Tradition. While no authoritative biographies of Luang Pu Mun credit him with authorship later editions of the text began naming him as author and picturing him on the cover. The text has also been attributed to maechi Khunying Yai Damrongthammasan.
In 2013, Dr Martin Seeger from the University of Leeds' School of Modern Languages and Cultures uncovered evidence that Khunying Yai Damrongthammasan, a Thai laywoman, was the true author of the text. It isn't known why Khunying Yai's name wasn't on the first publication of the text but Seeger had some theories.
   "The real reason that Khunying Yai decided to omit her name from the first edition might never be known, but there are several possibilities. At the time people may have considered it inappropriate for a woman to discuss Buddhist doctrine on such a profound level. Or she might have thought that Buddhist doctrine should be independent of an individual. Another possibility is that the conversations described actually took place in the group of women who met regularly in the temple of Wat Sattanatpariwat to discuss Buddhism, and she wanted to remain anonymous out of respect for them."
Justin McDaniel, associate professor of South-East Asian and religious studies at the University of Pennsylvania, said "You have to understand that authorship in Thailand is never considered to be by just one person. This idea that a single person owns ideas is seen as a ridiculous notion."

## Content of the text

Thammanuthamma-patipatti is in the form of a dialogue, supposedly between two prominent Thai monks of the 20th century, an oft used format in Buddhist scriptures. (see Diamond Sutra for a similar format)
# Dolly Parton's Christmas of Many Colors: Circle of Love

Dolly Parton's Christmas of Many Colors: Circle of Love is a 2016 American made-for-television drama film based on the life of Dolly Parton, written by Pamela K. Long and directed by Stephen Herek. The film is a sequel to Coat of Many Colors and premiered on NBC on November 30, 2016.

## Plot

Family patriarch Lee Parton makes sacrifices to have enough money to buy his wife the wedding ring he could never afford. The children also sacrifice their own Christmas presents to give their mother this special gift. Dolly's Uncle Billy helps her begin to see that her voice and talent might extend beyond rural Tennessee. Various crisis situations, some life-threatening, make the family's Christmas a challenge.

## Cast

* Alyvia Alyn Lind as Dolly Parton
* Jennifer Nettles as Avie Lee Parton, the devout matriarch of the Partons
* Ricky Schroder as Robert Lee Parton, the hard-working patriarch of the Partons
* Gerald McRaney as Rev. Jake Owens, Avie Lee's father and a preacher
* Kelli Berglund as Willadeene Parton, the eldest sister of Dolly, who also strives to protect her family and siblings but her insecurities make her struggle sometimes and often feels alone.
* Stella Parton as Corla Bass, owner of the town market and a gossip
* Dolly Parton as the Painted Lady, a prostitute who befriends Dolly
* Hannah Nordberg as Judy Ogle, Dolly's schoolmate
* Mary Lane Haskell as Miss Moody, the school teacher of Dolly
* Forrest Deal as Rudy Sanders, former school bully
* Christopher Ryan Lewis as Claude Sanders, Rudy and Gloria's brother
* Hannah Goergen as Cassie Parton
* Farrah Mackenzie as Stella Parton, Dolly's younger sister
* Parker Sack as David Parton, Dolly's oldest brother
* Dylan Rowen as Denver Parton, Dolly's second-oldest brother
* Blane Crockarell as Bobby Parton, Dolly's younger brother
* Cameron Jones as Uncle Billy, a musician trying to help Dolly become a star and the brother of Dolly's mother.

## Production
### Filming

Christmas of Many Colors was filmed in Covington, and Conyers, Georgia, and Sevier County, Tennessee, the latter at Dollywood for introductory and closing scenes from Dolly Parton. Filming took place during summer 2016.

## Reception
### Ratings

In its initial November 30, 2016 broadcast, Christmas of Many Colors was seen by 11.53 million viewers and received a 1.7/6 rating/share in the 18-49 age demographic.

### Accolades

Christmas of Many Colors was nominated for Outstanding Television Movie at the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, which aired September 17, 2017. It also was awarded the Epiphany Prize® for Inspiring Television at the 2017 MovieGuide Awards.
# San Sebastián chess tournament

There were two important chess tournaments held in San Sebastián, Spain, in 1911 and 1912.

## San Sebastián 1911

The tournament was held from February 20 to March 17, 1911. The event was organized by Jacques Mieses, who insisted that all of the expenses of the masters were paid.
    # Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total 1 José Raúl Capablanca (Cuba)*0½½½½111½½11½19½ 2 Akiba Rubinstein (Russian Empire)1*½½½½½½½½½1½119 3 Milan Vidmar (Austria-Hungary)½½*0½½½1½½½11119 4 Frank James Marshall (United States)½½1*½½½½½1½1½018½ 5 Siegbert Tarrasch (German Empire)½½½½*½11½0½½10½7½ 6 Carl Schlechter (Austria-Hungary)½½½½½*½0½½½1½1½7½ 7 Aron Nimzowitsch (Russian Empire)0½½½0½*½11½½½½17½ 8 Ossip Bernstein (Russian Empire)0½0½01½*111½0107 9 Rudolf Spielmann (Austria-Hungary)0½½½½½00*½1½½117 10 Richard Teichmann (German Empire)½½½01½00½*½0½116½ 11 Géza Maróczy (Austria-Hungary)½½½½½½½00½*1½½06 12 Dawid Janowski (France)0000½0½½½10*1116 13 Amos Burn (United Kingdom)0½0½0½½1½½½0*0½5 14 Oldřich Duras (Austria-Hungary)½00110½000½01*½5 15 Paul Saladin Leonhardt (German Empire)0000½½010010½½*4
The prizes were: first - 5000 Francs, second - 3000 Francs, third - 2000 Francs, fourth - 1500 Francs. Non-prize winners received 80-100 Francs per point. The brilliancy prize of 500 francs, sponsored by Baron Albert Salomon von Rothschild, was won by Capablanca for his game against Dr. Bernstein.

## San Sebastián 1912

The tournament was held from February 19 to March 23, 1912. This tournament was one of five that Rubinstein won in a one-year time span (San Sebastián, Breslau, Bad Pistyan, Warsaw, and Vilna).
    # Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total 1 Akiba Rubinstein (Russian Empire)**½101½1½½1½0111½½½1½-12½ 2 Aron Nimzowitsch (Russian Empire)½0**011½0½1111½½½½11½-12 3 Rudolf Spielmann (Austria-Hungary)1010**101½½1½½½1½½1½1-12 4 Siegbert Tarrasch (German Empire)½00½01**1101½0½½11111-11½ 5 Julius Perlis (Austria-Hungary)½½1½0½00**1½½1½½½½1½½-10 6 Frank James Marshall (United States)0½00½0100½**½11½½½111-9½ 7 Oldřich Duras (Austria-Hungary)1000½½½1½0½0**½½½101½-8½ 8 Carl Schlechter (Austria-Hungary)00½½½0½½½½0½½½**½½1½½-8 9 Richard Teichmann (German Empire)½½½½½½00½½½½½0½½**½½½-8 10 Paul Saladin Leonhardt (German Empire)½0000½000½00100½½½**1-5 11 Leó Forgács (Austria-Hungary)½-½-0-0-½-0-½-½-½-0-**3
Forgacs only played the first half tournament and forfeited his last ten games.
The prizes were: first - 5000 Francs, second - 3000 Francs, third - 2000 Francs, fourth - 1500 Francs. Non-prize winners received 100 Francs per point.
# Giovanni II Valente

Giovanni II Valente (1280–1360) was the third Doge of Genoa from 1350 to 1353. His time in office was marked by the crushing defeat of the city against the Venetians at the naval Battle of Alghero. Giovanni had already asked to succeed the first doge of the Republic in December 1345 but had turn down the responsibility.

## A doge at war

After the death of his predecessor, Giovanni I da Murta, a short crisis of succession ensued. The popolani supported Luchino Fieschi while the patricians and the partisans of the late doge backed his son, Tommaso da Murta. Giovanni Valente finally emerged as a candidate of compromise and was elected on 9 January 1350.
When Valente abandoned the careful foreign policy of his predecessor and tried to expel entirely the Venetians from the Black Sea, the tension between Genoa and Venice erupted into open warfare, the "War of the Straits". Each navy plundered the merchant fleets of the opposing side in the Eastern Mediterranean. Venice formed an alliance with Byzantium and the kingdom of Aragon, forcing the Genoese to seek the support of the Ottomans. On 17 November 1350, to pay for the expenses of the war, the Republic had to levy a forced-loan of 300,000 lire at an interest of 10% from an association of creditors known as the Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum.
On 9 March 1352 the Genoese fleet, under the command of Paganino Doria, won a naval victory at the Battle of the Bosporus against the coalition near Constantinople. The following year, in August, near Alghero, on the island of Sardinia, the Genoese navy, under Antonio de' Grimaldi was crushed by the Venetians.

## Resignation

Confronted with the threat of a new civil war breaking out in the city and the prospect of foreign invasion, the council had to call for the support of the Visconti of Milan. The doge lost any executive power and Giovanni Valente had to resign from the dogate on 8 October 1353 and the position became vacant. He died seven years later and may have been buried at the church of San Bartolomeo dell'Olivella in Genoa.
# The Press Democrat

The Press Democrat, with the largest circulation in California's North Bay, is a daily newspaper published in Santa Rosa, California.

## History

The newspaper was founded in 1897 by Ernest L. Finley, who merged his Evening Press and Thomas Thompson's Sonoma Democrat (originally created as a voice for the Democratic Party). Finley bought the Santa Rosa Republican in 1927 and merged it with The Press Democrat in 1948.
Finley, his wife Ruth Woolsey Finley, daughter Ruth Finley Person, and son-in-law Evert B. Person owned and published the "PD" between 1897 and 1985. After the death of his wife in 1985, Evert Person sold the paper to The New York Times Company.
The most popular feature in The Press Democrat for many years was Gaye LeBaron's community column, according to a readership survey. LeBaron produced more than 8,000 columns between 1961 and her semi-retirement in 2001, writing on human interest, cultural events, ethnic history and local politics.
Along with The Press Democrat, The New York Times Company bought the North Bay Business Journal and the Petaluma Argus-Courier; all were acquired by Halifax Media Group in January 2012. Less than a year later, in November 2012, Halifax resold its California papers to a local ownership group, Sonoma Media Investments, LLC, which included former congressman Douglas H. Bosco, Jean Schulz, the widow of Peanuts comic strip creator Charles M. Schulz, and Norma Betz Person, widow of The Press Democrat's former publisher Evert Person.
In 2019, Sonoma Media Investments acquired the Sonoma County Gazette of Forestville, a monthly newspaper.

## Awards and honors

The Press Democrat's staff was the winner of the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting for "[f]or lucid and tenacious coverage of historic wildfires that ravaged the city of Santa Rosa and Sonoma County." Former staff photographer Annie Wells also won the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography "for her dramatic photograph of a local firefighter rescuing a teenager from raging floodwaters."
The newspaper was also the 2004 recipient of the George Polk Award for Regional Reporting, given annually by Long Island University to honor contributions to journalistic integrity and investigative reporting.
# Rosie (2018 film)

Rosie is a 2018 Irish drama film directed by Paddy Breathnach. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival.

## Plot

Rosie Davis is a mother trying to protect her family after their landlord sells their rented home and they become homeless.

## Cast

* Sarah Greene as Rosie Davis
* Moe Dunford as John Paul
* Natalia Kostrzewa as Swietlana
* Ellie O' Halloran as Kayleigh Davis-Brady
* Ruby Dunne as Millie Davis-Brady
* Daragh McKenzie as Alfie Davis-Brady
* Molly McCann as Madison Davis-Brady

## Development

The film is produced by Emma Norton, Rory Gilmartin and Juliette Bonass for Dublin-based firm Element Pictures, best known for Yorgos Lanthimos' The Lobster, John Michael McDonagh's The Guard and Lenny Abrahamson's Room. The project has also been granted financial support from Screen Ireland for both the development and production phases. The overall contribution of the film agency amounts to €625,000.

## Reception

On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 94% based on reviews from 51 critics, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's consensus reads: "Equal parts empathy and outrage, Rosie offers a heartbreaking glimpse of economic insecurity that will hit many viewers uncomfortably close to home." On Metacritic it has a score of 83 out of 100, based on reviews from 11 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
Dennis Harvey of Variety magazine wrote: "This small, tough film provides no easy solutions." Mark Kermode praised the film: "It is vibrant... this is a superwoman performance by somebody in a very down to earth situation."

## Awards

In December 2019, the film was awarded with the first prize at the French Film Festival "La pauvreté sans clichés" in Montreuil at its 4th edition. The Festival is organised by the NGO ATD Fourth World and is dedicated to films about poverty and social issues. The members of the jury, people in precarious situations or having experienced precariousness, alongside other members of ATD Fourth World, "recognized themselves in this film, in the courage and dignity of Rosie Davis and her family".
# Sack of Berwick (1296)

The sack of Berwick was the first significant battle of the First War of Scottish Independence in 1296.

## Background

Upon the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, in late September 1290, there arose a number of claimants to the throne of Scotland. The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state until a king was chosen. The late king, Alexander III, had been married to Margaret of England, sister to Edward I, and he was asked to conduct the court proceedings in the dispute, though not to arbitrate; the decision was to be made by a jury of 104 "auditors".
John Balliol, a descendant of King David I, was chosen and was inaugurated at Scone, on St. Andrew's Day, 30 November 1292. Edward I treated Scotland as a feudal vassal state, claiming contributions toward the cost of the defence of England. When he demanded military support for his war against France, the Scots responded by forming an alliance with the French, and launched an unsuccessful attack on Carlisle.

## Battle

After the raid on Carlisle was committed by the seven invading Scottish earls (Buchan, Menteith, Strathearn, Lennox, Ross, Athol and Mar), the English, under Edward I, began the initial conquest of Scotland in the first phase of the war. On 28 March (the Wednesday in Easter Week), Edward passed the river Tweed with his troops and stayed that night in Scotland at the priory of Coldstream. From there he marched on the town of Berwick.
Berwick, a royal burgh just north of the border, was Scotland's most important trading port, second only to London in economic importance in medieval Britain at that point. Berwick is referenced to be called "Alexandria of the North". Estimates also show that Berwick was, if not the most, one of the most populated towns in Scotland. Its garrison was commanded by William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas, while the besieging party was led by Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford. Contemporary accounts of the number slain range from 4,000 to 17,000. Women by some sources were spared. Other accounts such as that of the monks of the English monastery of Lanercost say women were not spared.
   Much booty was seized, and no fewer than fifteen thousand of both sexes perished, some by the sword, others by fire, in the space of a day and a half.
Douglas surrendered the castle on the agreement that his garrison would be spared, but he was imprisoned.
   When the town had been taken in this way and its citizens had submitted, Edward spared no one, whatever the age or sex, and for two days streams of blood flowed from the bodies of the slain, for in his tyrannous rage he ordered 7,500 souls of both sexes to be massacred.... So that mills could be turned by the flow of their blood.
The Battle of Dunbar led to the English occupation of the Scottish Lowlands.