# Central Coast (California)

The Central Coast is an area of California, roughly spanning the coastal region between Point Mugu and Monterey Bay. It lies northwest of Los Angeles and south of the San Francisco Bay Area, and includes the rugged, rural, and sparsely populated stretch of coastline known as Big Sur.
From south to north, there are six counties that make up the Central Coast: Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz.
The Central Coast is the location of the Central Coast American Viticultural Area.
Geographically, the actual midpoint of the California coast lies north of Santa Cruz, near Año Nuevo State Park in San Mateo County. Neither the popular use of the term Central Coast nor that of the California North Coast include the San Francisco Peninsula counties of San Mateo and San Francisco.

## History

The Central Coast area was inhabited by Chumash, Ohlone, Esselen, Salinan, and other Native American people since at least 10,000 BC. Many of these communities were coastal, where the people utilized marine resources and dwelt near freshwater inflows to the Pacific Ocean. For example, there were significant communities near the mouth of Morro Creek and Los Osos Creek.
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailed north along the coast and landed in Santa Barbara County in 1542.
After the Spanish established the California missions in 1770, they baptized and forced the native population to labor at the missions. While living at the missions, the aboriginal population was exposed to diseases unknown to them, like smallpox and measles, for which they had no immunity, devastating the Native American population and their culture. Many of the remaining Native Americans assimilated with Spanish and Mexican ranchers in the nineteenth century.$^{:264–267}$
Under Spanish law, the indigenous people were technically free individuals, but they could be compelled by force to labor without pay. With the help of the soldiers who guarded the mission, the Indians who lived near the mission were forcibly relocated, conscripted, and trained as plowmen, shepherds, cattle herders, blacksmiths, and carpenters on the mission. Disease, starvation, over work, and torture decimated the tribe.$^{:114}$

## Overview

The region is known primarily for agriculture and tourism. Major crops include wine grapes, lettuce, strawberries, and artichokes. The Salinas Valley is one of the most fertile farming regions in the United States. Tourist attractions include Cannery Row in Monterey, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the theatres, galleries and white sand beaches of Carmel-by-the-Sea, the golf courses of Pebble Beach and the Monterey Peninsula, the rugged coastline of Big Sur and Hearst Castle in San Simeon. Further south is Morro Rock and the port city of Morro Bay, which is adjacent to college town San Luis Obispo. The Santa Ynez Valley is home to the Central Coast Film Society, which celebrates filmmakers, cinema and media arts that are from the region, also known as "Hollywood's Backyard."
The area is not densely populated. The largest city in the region is Oxnard in Ventura County, with a population estimated at 203,007 in 2013.

## Education

University of California campuses are found in Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz, near the south and north edges of the region respectively. California State University, Monterey Bay, founded in 1994, uses facilities donated when Fort Ord was converted from military to civilian uses. California Polytechnic State University, in San Luis Obispo, was founded in 1901. California State University Channel Islands opened in Camarillo in 2002, as the 23rd campus in the California State University system.

## Population

The six counties that make up the Central Coast region had an estimated population of 2,348,601 according to the 2020 census.

### Counties by population

| County | FIPS code | County seat | Established | Formed from | Etymology | Population | Area |
| Ventura County | 111 | Ventura | 1872 | Santa Barbara | The city of Ventura, itself an abbreviation of San Buenaventura, Spanish for St. Bonaventure. | 843,843 | 1,846 sq mi (4,781 km$^2$) |
| Santa Barbara County | 083 | Santa Barbara | 1850 | Original | The city of Santa Barbara, itself Spanish for Saint Barbara. | 448,229 | 2,738 sq mi (7,091 km$^2$) |
| Monterey County | 053 | Salinas | 1850 | Original | Monterey Bay, itself a Spanish compound meaning "royal mountain", from monte ("mountain" or "hill") and rey ("king"). | 439,035 | 3,322 sq mi (8,604 km$^2$) |
| San Luis Obispo County | 079 | San Luis Obispo | 1850 | Original | The city of San Luis Obispo, itself Spanish for Saint Louis, the Bishop. | 282,424 | 3,304 sq mi (8,557 km$^2$) |
| Santa Cruz County | 087 | Santa Cruz | 1850 | Original | The city of Santa Cruz, itself Spanish for "holy cross" | 270,861 | 446 sq mi (1,155 km$^2$) |
| San Benito County | 069 | Hollister | 1874 | Monterey | The San Benito River and its valley, itself named in Spanish after Saint Benedict. | 64,209 | 1,389 sq mi (3,597 km$^2$) |

### Major cities

The following cities had a population over 20,000 as of the 2020 census:
* Oxnard - 202,063
* Salinas - 163,542
* Ventura - 110,763
* Santa Maria - 109,707
* Santa Barbara - 88,665
* Camarillo - 70,741
* Santa Cruz - 62,956
* Watsonville - 52,590
* San Luis Obispo - 47,063
* Lompoc - 44,444
* Hollister - 41,678
* Goleta - 32,690
* Seaside - 32,366
* Paso Robles - 31,490
* Santa Paula - 30,657
* Monterey - 30,218
* Atascadero - 29,773
* Soledad - 24,925
* Marina - 22,359
* Port Hueneme - 21,954

## Transportation

Travel is almost entirely by private automobile. Because of its position roughly halfway between the major cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco, San Luis Obispo is home to America's first motel. The major highway is U.S. Route 101, which runs north–south from Los Angeles, through most of the major communities of the Central Coast, to San Francisco. State Route 1, a smaller but much more scenic route, connects the coastal communities, running through San Simeon, Morro Bay, and Big Sur. Amtrak maintains train service with the Coast Starlight and Pacific Surfliner routes along the Union Pacific Railroad Coast Line that also transports freight. There are no major airports, although Monterey, Santa Barbara, Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo have regional airports with commuter service. Greyhound buses serve most of the region.
Monterey-Salinas Transit (MST) operates bus services throughout Monterey County as far south as Big Sur on the coast and King City in the Salinas Valley. MST also offers connection service to San Jose Diridon Station, downtown Santa Cruz, and Paso Robles and Templeton in Northern San Luis Obispo County via regional routes. Santa Cruz Metro offers services within Santa Cruz County, including connections to San Jose and San Jose State and connection to MST service in Watsonville, heading south to Salinas.