OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Augusta Chronicle

The Augusta Chronicle is the daily newspaper of Augusta, Georgia, and is one of the oldest newspapers in the United States still in publication. The paper is known for its coverage of the Masters Tournament, which is played in Augusta.

## History

The paper was founded as the weekly Augusta Gazette in 1785. In 1786, the paper was renamed The Georgia State Gazette. From 1789 to 1804, the paper was known as The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State. Patrick Walsh, later a U.S. Senator, joined the editorial staff in 1866 and became owner in 1873.
In 1945, former bookkeeper William Morris, Jr. bought a controlling interest in the paper. This was the beginning of Morris Communications, headquartered in Augusta with the Chronicle as its flagship.
In addition to a daily online edition, the entire archives back to its founding have been made searchable on the Internet.
On 9 August 2017, it was announced that The Augusta Chronicle, along with Morris Communications' entire newspaper division and various periodicals, would be sold to GateHouse Media for $120 million in a deal expected to close on October 2. Stephen Wade and Billy Morris will retain their roles as president and publisher respectively. The Morris family will keep ownership of The Augusta Chronicle building and property in downtown Augusta. The sale ended 232 years of local ownership, the last 72 of which had been under the Morris family.

## Subsidiaries

Newspapers published by the Chronicle include The Columbia County News-Times, The Hampton County Guardian, The Jefferson News-Farmer, and the Sylvania Telephone.
# Who Is Nardo Wick?

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Clash | 8/10 |
| HipHopDX | 4.0/5 |
Who Is Nardo Wick? is the debut studio album by American rapper Nardo Wick. It was released on December 3, 2021, by Flawless Entertainment and RCA Records. The album features guest appearances from Future, Lil Baby, Hit-Boy, G Herbo, Lil Durk, 21 Savage, Lakeyah, and Big30. Serving as the first project he has released, the project finds him working with prominent producers, such as Hit-Boy, Boi-1da, DVLP, Leon Thomas III, Tay Keith, Cubeatz, and Murda Beatz, as well as emerging producers, such as brothers Emkay and Arkay, Onokey, Corbett, Ice Melodies and Z3N, among others. Wick announced the album and its release date on November 28, 2021. The deluxe version, titled Who Is Nardo Wick? 2 was released on July 22, 2022, with additional guest features from the Kid Laroi and Latto.

## Singles

Three singles were released prior to the album's release. The lead single, "Shhh", was released on April 23, 2021. The second single, "Who Want Smoke??", which features fellow rappers G Herbo, Lil Durk, and 21 Savage, an official remix of Wick's 2021 single, "Who Want Smoke?", was released on October 8, 2021. The third single, "Me or Sum", which features fellow rappers Future and Lil Baby, was released on November 29, 2021.

## Track listing

Sample credits
* "Wickman" contains an interpolation of "Jumpman", written by Drake, Future, and Metro Boomin as performed by the former two and produced by the latter.
* "Dah Dah DahDah" contains an interpolation of "Tom's Diner", written by Suzanne Vega, and a sample of "The Gingerbread Man" song.

## Credits and personnel

* Brandon Blatz – assistant engineer (tracks 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13–16, 18)
* Curtis "Sircut" Bye – mixing engineer (tracks 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13–16, 18)
* Cyrus "Nois" Taghipour – mixing engineer (tracks 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13–16, 18)
* Derek Ali – mixing engineer (tracks 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13–16, 18)
* Tatsuya Sato – mastering engineer (all tracks)
* Nardo Wick – mixing engineer, recording engineer (tracks 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 17)
* Liz Robson – recording engineer (track 4)
* David Yungin Kim – mixing engineer (track 8)
* Ben Lidsky – mixing engineer (track 9)
* Max Lord – mixing engineer (track 9)

## Certifications

Certifications for Who Is Nardo Wick? :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Rose hip

The rose hip or rosehip, also called rose haw and rose hep, is the accessory fruit of the various species of rose plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after pollination of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn.

## Propagation

Roses are propagated from rose hips by removing the achenes that contain the seeds from the hypanthium (the outer coating) and sowing just beneath the surface of the soil. The seeds can take many months to germinate. Most species require chilling (stratification), with some such as Rosa canina only germinating after two winter chill periods.

## Uses

Rose hips are used in bread and pies, jam, jelly, marmalade, syrup, soup, tea, wine, and other beverages.
Rose hips can be eaten raw, like berries, if care is taken to avoid the hairs inside the fruit. These urticating hairs are used as itching powder.
A few rose species are sometimes grown for the ornamental value of their hips, such as Rosa moyesii, which has prominent, large, red bottle-shaped fruits. Rosa macrophylla 'Master Hugh' has the largest hips of any readily available rose.
Rose hips are commonly used in herbal tea, often blended with hibiscus. An oil is also extracted from the seeds. Rose hip soup, known as nyponsoppa in Swedish, is especially popular in Sweden. Rhodomel, a type of mead, is made with rose hips.
Rose hips can be used to make pálinka, the traditional Hungarian fruit brandy popular in Hungary, Romania, and other countries sharing Austro-Hungarian history. Rose hips are also the central ingredient of cockta, the fruity-tasting national soft drink of Slovenia.
Dried rose hips are also sold for crafts and home fragrance purposes. The Inupiat mix rose hips with wild redcurrant and highbush cranberries and boil them into a syrup.

## Nutrients and research

Wild rose hip fruits are particularly rich in vitamin C, containing 426 mg per 100 g or 0.4% by weight (w/w). RP-HPLC assays of fresh rose hips and several commercially available products revealed a wide range of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content, ranging from 0.03 to 1.3%.
Rose hips contain the carotenoids beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene. A meta-analysis of human studies examining the potential for rose hip extracts to reduce arthritis pain concluded there was a small effect requiring further analysis of safety and efficacy in clinical trials. Use of rose hips is not considered an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis.
# Nakhawila

The Nakhawila (Arabic: النخاولة) are a community of indigenous Hijazi Twelver Shias who have traditionally resided in and around the city of Medina in Saudi Arabia, numbering around 32,0000—although no official or certain figures are available.

## Etymology

The origin of the name Nakhawila (singular: nakhwali) is unclear; however, it is most likely derived from the Arabic word nakhl, nakhla or nakhil (date palm) because the Nakhawila community is said to have worked in the palm groves around Medina. The word is believed to have been first used during the Ottoman rule of Hejaz and was first recorded by Abu Salim al-Ayyashi during his 1662-63 stay in Medina.
In modern Saudi Arabia the Nakhawila are officially known as al-nakhliyūn or al-nakhliya (singular: nakhli).

## Origins

The origin of the Nakhawila is unclear. Most members of the Nakhawila community claim descent from native Medinan Arab tribes such as the Khazraj or Hashemites, while others are claimed to be descended from black African slaves said to have been freed by Hasan ibn Ali and ordered to work on his farms. Other beliefs include that they are the descendants of African slaves, that they came from eastern Arabia, Iran or are from among the remnants of the Shiites of post-Fatimid Egypt.

## History

Historically, they have engaged in cultivating palm trees and other menial work. The Nakhawila were prohibited from living within the city walls of Medina and were not allowed to pray in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi or to bury their dead in Al-Baqi' cemetery. This was due to the popular Sunni belief that the Nakhawila would pollute these places. They were also prohibited by the Ottomans, and later by the Saudis (following widespread Sunni protests in 1937), from participating in elections. According to Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, the Nakhawila were "despised by the townspeople, because they openly profess heresy, and are moreover of humble degree. During his visit to Medina, Richard Francis Burton described the Nakhawila as "miserable schismatics".
During his stay in Medina, Abu Salim al-Ayyashi described a unique Nakhawila custom in which "almost every Thursday" they would visit the shrine of Ismail ibn Jafar and engage in various activities, such as feasting, circumcision of boys and ziyara. Such a custom may hint at an Ismaili past. Shiite pilgrims often use Nakhawila homes to stay in and conduct Shia rituals, such as mourning of the Imams, beyond the gaze of Sunnis in the city.
Following the fall of Medina during the Saudi conquest of Hejaz, the Nakhawila demolished the tombs of Al-Baqi' cemetery at the behest of the Wahhabi qadi Ibn Bulayhid.
During the mid-1970s, the Nakhawila were involved in serious communal disturbances in Medina.
For decades, the Nakhawila community in Medina was headed by Sheikh Muhammad Ali al-Amri, a Shia jurist who studied in Najaf under the guide of several notable scholars, up until his death on 24 January 2011. Al-Amri's son Hashim resumed his father's prayer leading position (Imam) at Medina's first Shia mosque, located at his father's farm.
# Jane Wrightson

Jane Theresa Wrightson (born 2 January 1958) is New Zealand's Retirement Commissioner. She was previously New Zealand's eighth Chief Censor, and first woman Chief Censor, from 1991 to 1993, when Films, Videos, and Publications Act became law.

## Early life and family

Wrightson was born in Hastings on 2 January 1958, the daughter of Pearl Wrightson (née French) and Trevor Wrightson. She was educated at Hastings Girls' High School from 1971 to 1975, before going on to university. She completed a Bachelor of Arts in English at Victoria University of Wellington in 1979, a Diploma in Business Administration at Massey University in 1985, and a Master of Business Administration with Distinction at Massey in 1994.

## Career
### Early career

Wrightson worked for a decade for TVNZ, including in the programming department, and was head of commissioned programmes from 1989 to 1991.

### Chief Censor

Between 1991 and 1994, Wrightson served as Chief Film Censor. Wrightson wrote in 1992 that her “strong will has been a blessing and a curse to me. The strength is needed as a film censor – there are so many individuals and groups pulling in so many different directions that after absorbing all the approaches one simply has to go with instincts, consultation and a healthy dollop of common sense.”
In 1992, Wrightson banned Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, calling it a “stalk and slash” movie too violent for New Zealand screens. This was the first mainstream film to be banned from exhibition at the Wellington Film Festival, whose director called her too conservative. The film was later passed, with cuts, on video by the Video Recordings Authority. Earlier that year, she passed, as R18, the Australian tantric sex film Sacred Sex which was appealed unsuccessfully to the Film and Video Board of Review by the Society for the Promotion of Community Standards who viewed her classification as too liberal.

### Later career

Having unsuccessfully applied to continue as Chief Censor after Parliament passed the Films, Videos, and Publications Act 1993, Wrightson became television programme manager, and soon deputy chief executive, of New Zealand On Air in 1994. She then became chief executive of the Screen Production and Development Association (SPADA) in 1999, and chief executive of the Broadcasting Standards Authority in 2003,. Between 2007 and 2019 Wrightson was Chief Executive of funding body New Zealand On Air. In February 2020 she took up the role of Retirement Commissioner for a three-year term.
Wrightson is also a chartered member of the New Zealand Institute of Directors, and a trustee of the Digital Media Trust that set up NZ screen history and culture site NZ On Screen.

## Other activities

Wrightson retired from the Board of Netball New Zealand in 2007 after an eight-year stint, and served on the Swimming NZ Board for five years until 2012. She was also a film reviewer for the Evening Post newspaper in Wellington from 1994.
# Jessy Reindorf

Jessy Yapo Reindorf (born 10 July 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward. Born in France, he represents Rwanda at international level.

## Club career

Born in Paris, France, Reindorf spent his early career in Italy, France and Belgium with Comacchio Lidi, CA Paris-Charenton and Union Royale Namur. While with Comacchio Lidi, Reindorf's contract and transfer arrangements was investigated by the footballing authorities.
He signed a two-year contract with English club Bury in July 2013. Reindorf scored his first goal for Bury on 27 August 2013 in 6–3 defeat to Norwich City in the League Cup; the goal was described by the BBC as a "spectacular strike," and Reindorf's performance was praised by manager Kevin Blackwell.
On 16 January 2014, Reindorf had his contract cancelled at Bury. Later that month he went on trial with Scottish club Falkirk. He signed for Tamworth in February 2014.
Reindorf signed for Sutton United in June 2014.
In January 2015 he returned to Belgium, signing with former club Union Royale Namur. He signed with Moldovan club Speranța Nisporeni for the 2015–16 season. He later played with Paris Saint-Germain C, RRC Waterloo and Royal Albert Quévy-Mons.

### International career

He made his international debut for Rwanda in 2013, in a friendly against Uganda, and he has appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.

## Career statistics

    As of 15 December 2015
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Union Royale Namur | 2012–13 | 24 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 15 |
| Bury | 2013–14 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
| Tamworth | 2013–14 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 |
| Sutton United | 2014–15 | 15 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 6 |
| Speranța Nisporeni | 2015–16 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | 67 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 69 | 27 |
# Idir-e Olya

Idir-e Olya (Persian: ايديرعليا) is a village in Aslan Duz-e Gharbi Rural District of the Central District in Aslan Duz County, Ardabil province, Iran. The village is populated by the Kurdish Chalabianlu tribe.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 733 in 138 households, when it was in Aslan Duz Rural District of the former Aslan Duz District in Parsabad County. The following census in 2011 counted 762 people in 175 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 745 people in 196 households.
In 2019, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Aslan Duz County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District and renamed Aslan Duz-e Gharbi Rural District.
# Dimitri Mihalas

Dimitri Manuel Mihalas (March 20, 1939 – November 21, 2013) was a laboratory fellow at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the field of astronomy, astrophysics, and stellar atmospheres. He was born in Los Angeles, California and was of Greek origin.
Mihalas obtained his bachelor's degree in physics, mathematics, and astronomy from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1959. In one year, he received his master's degree from California Institute of Technology in 1960. He completed his PhD degree in three years in 1963 in physics and astronomy, also from California Institute of Technology.
At a very early age of 42, he became a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Besides a large number of scientific papers, mostly related to radiative transfer, Mihalas authored reference books such as "Stellar Atmospheres".
Mihalas had bipolar disorder. He wrote a number of essays and books on the problem.
Scientific books
* D. Mihalas (in collaboration with P.M. Routly) - Galactic Astronomy. (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Company), 1968
* D. Mihalas - Stellar Atmospheres. (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Company), 1970
* D. Mihalas, B. Pagel, and P. Souffrin Theorie des Atmospheres Stellaires. First Advanced Course of the Swiss Society for Astronomy and Astrophysics. (Geneva: Observatoire de Geneve), 1971
* D. Mihalas - Stellar Atmospheres. 2nd ed. (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Company), 1978
* D. Mihalas and J. Binney - Galactic Astronomy: Structure and Kinematics of Galaxies. (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman & Company), 1981 [948]
* D. Mihalas and B. W. Mihalas - Foundations of Radiation Hydrodynamics. (New York: Oxford University Press), 1984. Paperback Edition, (New York: Dover Publications, Inc.), 1999
* R. J. LeVeque, D. Mihalas, E. A. Dorfi, and E. Muller - Computational Methods for Astrophysical Fluid Flow. Saas-Fee Advanced Course 27. Swiss Society for Astronomy and Astrophysics. (Berlin: Springer Verlag), 1998
* Stellar Atmosphere Modeling: Proceedings of an International Workshop Held in Tubingen, Germany, 8–12 April 2002 Stellar Atmosphere Modeling: Proceedings of an International Workshop Held in Tubingen, Germany, 8–12 April 2002 (Astronomical Society of the pacific), 2003 (Editors: D. Mihalas, I. Hubeny, K. Werner)
* I. Hubený and D. Mihalas - Theory of Stellar Atmospheres: An Introduction to Astrophysical Non-equilibrium Quantitative Spectroscopic Analysis. (Princeton: Princeton University Press) 2015
Non-science books
* D. Mihalas - Coming Back From The Dead, 1990
* D. Mihalas, A. Sawyer, L. Wainwright - Trilogy in a Minor Key. (Trilogy Productions), 1991
* D. Mihalas - Cantata for Six Lives And Continuo, 1992
* D. Mihalas, C. Pursifull - If I Should Die before I Wake If I Should Die before I Wake. (Hawk Productions), 1993
* D. Mihalas - Dream Shadows, 1994
* D. Mihalas - Depression and Spiritual Growth. (Pendle Hill Publications), 1996
* D. Mihalas - Life Matters: Poems by Dimitri Mihalas, 1995
* D. Mihalas - The World Is My Witness, 1997
* D. Mihalas - A Distant Summons, 1998
# José Serafín López

José Serafín López Lizana (died 4 October 1935) was the 17th mayor of the commune of Pichilemu, an office which he held from May 1935 until his death in October of that year. He was succeeded by Humberto Llanos Martínez.

## Political career

López Lizana was elected mayor of Pichilemu on 7 April 1935. His council was composed of the newly elected regidores Alberto Morales Moraga, Ramón Klehmet Genoux, Felipe Iturriaga Esquivel and Humberto Llanos Martínez. López Lizana took office on 25 May 1935. However, he died in office on 4 October of that year. Armando Caroca Rojas took over the council vacant and in December, the council chose Humberto Llanos Martínez as López's successor. He had been temporarily succeeded by interim mayor Alberto Morales Moraga.
# Newton Street station

Newton Street station is a street-level bus station on the Washington Street branch of the MBTA Silver Line bus rapid transit service. It is located on Washington Street just south of East Newton Street and West Newton Street in the South End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts near the Boston University Medical Campus. The stop is served by the SL4 and SL5 Silver Line routes as well as several local MBTA bus routes. Like all Silver Line stops, Newton Street is accessible.
Silver Line service on Washington Street began on July 20, 2002, replacing the route 49 bus. Service levels doubled on October 15, 2009, with the introduction of the SL4 route.
# Kåge River

Kåge River (Swedish: Kågeälven) is a river in Sweden.
# Tri-Valley Herald

The Tri-Valley Herald was a newspaper in the town of Livermore, California. Floyd L. Sparks was the longtime owner of the Herald, along with the Daily Review and The Argus. Sparks sold the papers in 1985 to the Bay Area News Group-East Bay (BANG-EB), a subsidiary of MediaNews Group.
The last issue of the paper was published on November 1, 2011, after which the paper was consolidated with the BANG-EB papers Contra Costa Times, Valley Times, San Ramon Valley Times, East County Times, and San Joaquin Herald under the new name Tri-Valley Times, a localized edition of The Mercury News.
# Clout Cobain

"Clout Cobain" (stylized CLOUT COBAIN | CLOUT CO13A1N) is a song by American rapper Denzel Curry released on July 12, 2018 as the third single from his third studio album, Ta13oo. Written by Curry alongside producers J Gramm and Mike Hector, the song lyrically is about his struggles with fame. It also makes several references to Kurt Cobain, the lead singer of American rock band, Nirvana, who committed suicide at the age of 27. The Zev Deans-directed official music video was released on Curry's Vevo channel the same day as the single, and has since been viewed more than 100 million times, becoming his most watched video.

## Music video

The music video, released at the same time as the song, features Curry as a clown controlled by his master. The clown later commits suicide, causing the audience to boo the performance. The video received acclaim from critics. The video for Curry's follow up single, "Vengeance", can be seen as a sequel to this, while the video for Curry's other single, "Black Balloons", can be seen as a prequel to it.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles (Billboard) | 6 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||