# James Sykes (governor)

James Sykes (March 27, 1761 – October 18, 1822) was an American physician and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as Governor of Delaware.

## Early life and family

James Sykes was born near Dover, Delaware, the son of James and Agnes Sykes. His father was a member of the Delaware General Assembly and a delegate to the Continental Congress. James Jr. studied medicine under Dr. Joshua Clayton and first practiced in Cambridge, Maryland. While there he married Elizabeth Goldsborough, daughter of Judge Robert Goldsborough. After four years they returned to Dover living on The Green. They had three children; James, Anna Matilda, and William, and were members of Christ Episcopal Church. Their house is now an office building.

## Professional and political career

In 1791 the Delaware General Assembly appointed Sykes to help manage a lottery to raise one thousand pounds to defray expenses incurred in constructing a new state house. After serving as clerk for the State House in 1796, he was elected to the State Senate in 1793. He served one term for the 1794, 1795, and 1796 sessions. Returning a year later, he served six more terms from the 1798 session through the 1812 session. He was Speaker in 1801, and then in every session from 1804 through 1812. He was also the Democratic-Republican nominee in all three of Delaware's U.S. Senate elections in 1798 and 1799.
On February 20, 1801, Governor Richard Bassett resigned following his appointment as U.S. Circuit Court Judge by U.S. President John Adams. As the Speaker of the State Senate, Sykes was next in line of succession and took office as governor. He chose not to run for election in his right, and returned to the State Senate on January 19, 1802.
In the meantime, Sykes had become one of the state's most renowned surgeons. From his office at 45 The Green in Dover, he specialized in treating gallstones and yellow fever. In 1814 he moved his practice to New York City for six years, but then returned to the Dover practice with his son, James. In 1822 he became President of the Delaware Medical Society.

## Death and legacy

Sykes died at Dover and is buried there in the Christ Episcopal Church Cemetery. His son, James, was a physician in Dover and his son, William, was the father of Major General George Sykes, a commander at Gettysburg in the American Civil War.

## Almanac

Elections were held the first Tuesday of October, and members of the General Assembly took office the first Tuesday of January. State senators had a three-year term. The governor took office the third Tuesday of January and had a three-year term. However, Sykes served as State President, only filling the vacancy caused by the resignation of Richard Bassett.
Delaware General Assembly (sessions while governor) :
| Year | Assembly | Senate majority | Speaker | House majority | Speaker |
| 1801 | 25th | Federalist | vacant | Federalist | Stephen Lewis |
Public offices :
| Office | Type | Location | Began office | Ended office | notes |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 6, 1794 | January 6, 1797 | |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 6, 1798 | January 6, 1801 | |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 6, 1801 | February 20, 1801 | |
| Governor | Executive | Dover | February 20, 1801 | January 19, 1802 | acting |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 6, 1802 | January 6, 1804 | |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 6, 1804 | January 6, 1807 | |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 6, 1807 | January 6, 1810 | |
| State Senator | Legislature | Dover | January 6, 1810 | January 6, 1813 | |
Delaware General Assembly service :
| Dates | Assembly | Chamber | Majority | Governor | Committees | District |
| 1794 | 18th | State Senate | Federalist | Joshua Clayton | | Kent at-large |
| 1795 | 19th | State Senate | Federalist | Joshua Clayton | | Kent at-large |
| 1796 | 20th | State Senate | Federalist | Gunning Bedford Sr. | | Kent at-large |
| 1798 | 22nd | State Senate | Federalist | Daniel Rogers | | Kent at-large |
| 1799 | 23rd | State Senate | Federalist | Richard Bassett | | Kent at-large |
| 1800 | 24th | State Senate | Federalist | Richard Bassett | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1801 | 25th | State Senate | Federalist | Richard Bassett | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1802 | 26th | State Senate | Federalist | David Hall | | Kent at-large |
| 1803 | 27th | State Senate | Federalist | David Hall | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1804 | 28th | State Senate | Federalist | David Hall | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1805 | 29th | State Senate | Federalist | Nathaniel Mitchell | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1806 | 30th | State Senate | Federalist | Nathaniel Mitchell | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1807 | 31st | State Senate | Federalist | Nathaniel Mitchell | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1808 | 32nd | State Senate | Federalist | George Truitt | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1809 | 33rd | State Senate | Federalist | George Truitt | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1810 | 34th | State Senate | Federalist | George Truitt | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1811 | 35th | State Senate | Federalist | Joseph Haslet | Speaker | Kent at-large |
| 1812 | 36th | State Senate | Federalist | Joseph Haslet | Speaker | Kent at-large |

## Places with more information

* Delaware Historical Society; website; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655-7161
* University of Delaware; Library website; 181 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831–2965