OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cyptocephala alvarengai

Cyptocephala alvarengai is a species of stink bug from South America.

## Description

Cyptocephala alvarengai is a stink bug species discovered in Brazil. Adults are small (5.2–8.3 mm) and range in color from light brown to green.
C. alvarengai is found in dry habitats in northern and central South America, with no overlap with related species. It was described by Rolston (1986) based on multiple specimens, with the holotype stored at the Museu Nacional (UFRJ) in Brazil.

## Distribution

Brazil; Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Pernambuco.

## Research

In 2012, adults were observed feeding on rice panicles at an experimental farm in Goiás. Specimens were identified at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, where voucher samples are stored. A research colony was later established from individuals collected in 2013 to study the species' biology and potential pest management strategies.
In 2013, Cyptocephala alvarengai egg masses were collected from rice panicles and observed in a laboratory in São José dos Pinhais to study their development. After hatching, nymphs remained near their eggshells until they reached the second stage, when they started feeding. Groups of nymphs were placed on rice panicles in cages and monitored daily until they became adults. Survival rates, development time, and sex ratios were recorded. Eggs were barrel-shaped and laid in double rows on leaves, spikelets, and cage walls. The development from egg to adult took about 33 days, with the highest mortality occurring in the egg and early nymph stages. About 45% of nymphs reached adulthood, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Adults lived 16 to 46 days and began mating 48–72 hours after emergence. Females laid eggs on panicles and cage walls, with fertility declining as they aged. This study provides insight into the C. alvarengai life cycle, which could aid future pest management efforts.
There is no known information on the host plants, biology, natural enemies, or economic impact of Cyptocephala alvarengai. However, its feeding behavior and developmental traits resemble other stink bugs that damage rice panicles. If populations increase, C. alvarengai could become a significant pest for rice crops in Brazil, potentially causing economic losses. Its similarities to other rice-feeding stink bugs suggest it may pose a future threat to rice production.
In 2017, Barrigossi et al. recorded C. alvarengai complete life cycle in rice (Oryza sativa, Poaceae).
# Gopurajapuram

Gopurajapuram is a village in the Papanasam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Gopurajapuram had a total population of 2125 with 1057 males and 1068 females. The sex ratio was 1010. The literacy rate was 73.34.
# Middle office

The middle office is a team of employees working in a financial services institution. Financial services institutions can be divided into three sections: the front, the middle and the back office. The front office is composed of customer-facing employees such as sales personnel. The middle office is made up of the risk managers and the information technology managers who manage risk and maintain the information resources. The back office is composed of the human resources department, office managers and customer care representatives who provide support, administrative and payment services. Generally, the back and middle office involves non-revenue generating operations related to risk management and ensuring proper execution of transactions.
The middle office plays numerous roles in financial services organisations and investment banking. It ensures that deals negotiated during financial transactions are processed, booked and fulfilled. Workers manage global agreements concerning business transactions, risk management, and profit and loss. They ensure that documents are completed according to agreements. The information technology middle office designs software to support trading strategies. It manages contracted software systems such as Reuters 3000 and Bloomberg for trading. The information technology middle office assists both the back and front offices by monitoring and capturing market and marketing information.

## History

The term middle office dates to 1868 as part of the origin of foreign exchange and Investment banking. Gold and silver were the standard measure of the global monetary system. Countries used these two metals when trading with other nations. During this period, the term middle office was used to refer to those employees working in financial institutions whose primary role was to calculate the profits and losses realised after trading.
The meaning changed during the First World War, after the introduction of paper money in the international market. The term investment banking originated in America while in Britain this was referred to as merchant banking. These investment banks enabled government agencies and firms to raise money through issuing and selling of securities. These banks acted as intermediaries among trading customers. They advised companies on investments. Later, investment banks organized into front, middle and back offices.
Since 2013, with the rise of regulation, more and more investment management funds or Asset Management companies are outsourcing their middle-office activities in order to share their costs or get access to a specific expertise.

## Process

Their work usually consists of calculating profits and losses through the computer information system. This section of the firm examines deal negotiated by the front office. They inspect deal terms, processing, and how the back office will close the deal. The middle office tracks risk, profits and losses. In some big companies, the middle office has legal support to validate the legality of novel agreements.
# Govindarajula Subba Rao

Dr. Govindarajula Venkata Subba Rao (1895 – 29 October 1959) was a famous Telugu drama and film actor.

## Life sketch

He played in the drama Merchant of Venice during the school days in Tenali. He portrayed Satyaki and Bheema in Gayopakhyanam as his debut performance during the convocation function. Subsequently, he acted many dramas in variety of characters. They include Hyderjung in Bobbili, Lubdhavadhanlu in Kanyasulkam.
He has done L.M.P. in Madras. During this period he has acted in Prataparudreeyam written by Vedam Venkataraya Sastry. During one of their shows he impressed the author. He toured Andhra Pradesh and acted as Yugandhar which brought him laurels. Subsequently, he continues to act in dramas while practising medicine.
He entered Telugu films with Mala Pilla (1938) directed by Gudavalli Ramabrahmam as Sundararama Sastry. He played many Mythological, historical and social roles. He has distinct posture and gesture that are characteristic of this great acting genius. He portrayed Mayala Marathi in Bala Nagamma (1942), Brahma Naidu in Palnati Yudham, Shvaukaru Changaiah in Shavukaru and Lubdhavadhanulu in Kanyasulkam.

### Filmography

* Malapilla (1938) as Sundara Rama Sastry (debut)
* Gruhalakshmi (1938)
* Bala Nagamma (1942) as Mayala Marathi
* Mugguru Maratilu (1946) as Marathi ruler Siddhoji
* Palnati Yudham (1947) as Brahma Naidu
* Ratnamala (1947)
* Dharmangada (1949)
* Gunasundari Katha (1949) as King Ugrasena
* Shavukaru (1950) as Shavukaru Changaiah
* Kanyasulkam (1955) as Lubdhavadhanlu
* Charana Daasi (1956) as Basavaiah
* Bhagya Rekha (1957) as Musalaiah
* Panduranga Mahatyam (1957)
# Battle of Alaboi

The Battle of Alaboi was fought between the Ahom Kingdom and the Mughal Empire around 5 August 1669. The result was a Mughal victory, but Ram Singh I's next move was to open negotiations for peace. The Assamese also were tired of war, and hostilities were suspended for a time. Soon after the battle of Alaboi, Chakradhwaj Singha died in 1669. He was succeeded by his brother Udayaditya Singha. This was part of the seizure of Guwahati that led up to the final Battle of Saraighat which the Ahoms won.

## Challenge

Ram Singh I is said to have challenged Chakradhwaj Singha to a single combat and undertook in case of his defeat to return with his army to Bengal. The Assamese king, in his turn, grew impatient and ordered his commanders to attack the Mughals immediately and threatened them that, in the event of their failure, their hearts would be ripped open with axes.

## Battle

The Mughals concentrated their army near Alaboi hills in the vicinity of Dalbari. There was a vast plain in front of the Mughal camp, extending from the Brahmaputra to the Sessa River on the other. Lachit Borphukan wanted to avoid an open encounter with the superior Rajput cavalry, but the king ordered him to proceed. Ram Singh I despatched a force under Mir Nawab, and the Borphukan sent an army of forty thousand men. The Buranjis narrate that a female warrior named Madanvati at the vanguard of the Mughal army, rushed into the enemy lines with the speed of lightning, killing many soldiers with her sword, until she was shot dead by the Assamese soldiers. Persian sources do not mention it, possibly because Madanvati may have been a man disguised as a woman to demoralise the Assamese army. When the fight continued undecided, Ram Singh I ordered his lieutenants to engage the Assamese while retiring to the forts with spoils and captives. The Rajput soldiers were equipped with Yantras, machines with long shields, so that they could fight uninjured. The Assamese army was not prepared for the Mughal weapons and cavalry. As a result, the Assamese army lost ten thousand of their brave men.
# Tanjong Sepat (state constituency)

Tanjong Sepat is a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 2004.
The state constituency was created in the 2003 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

## Demographics

Ethnic breakdown of Tanjong Sepat's electorate as of 2023

## History
### Polling districts

According to the federal gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Tanjong Sepat constituency is divided into 14 polling districts.
| State constituency | Polling Districts | Code | Location |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Bukit Bangkung | 113/54/01 | SRA Kampung Bukit Bangkong |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Sungai Rawang | 113/54/02 | SK Sungai Rawang |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Tanjong Rhu | 113/54/03 | SJK (T) Teluk Merbau |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Tanjong Sepat Tempatan 1 | 113/54/04 | SJK (C) Tanjong Sepat |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Tanjong Sepat Tempatan 2 | 113/54/05 | SMK Tanjong Sepat |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Tanjong Sepat Tempatan 3 | 113/53/06 | Dewan Orang Ramai Tanjong Sepat |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Tanjong Sepat Tempatan 4 | 113/54/07 | Dewan Orang Ramai Tanjong Sepat |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Tanjong Sepat Tempatan 5 | 113/54/08 | SJK (C) Tanjong Sepat |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Tanjong Sepat 6 | 113/54/09 | SK Tanjung Sepat |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Kundang | 113/54/10 | SRA Kampung Kundang |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Batu Laut | 113/54/11 | SK Batu Laut |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Kampung Endah | 113/54/12 | SK Kampung Endah |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Sungai Lang | 113/54/13 | SK Sungai Lang |
| Tanjong Sepat (N54） | Sungai Kelambu | 113/54/14 | SK Sungai Kelambu |

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Tanjong Sepat :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Batu Laut ||||
| 11th | 2004-2008 | Karim Mansor | BN (UMNO) |
| 12th | 2008–2013 | Karim Mansor | BN (UMNO) |
| 13th | 2013-2018 | Mohd Haslin Hassan | PR (PAS) |
| 13th | 2018–2023 | Borhan Aman Shah | PH (PKR) |
| 15th | 2023–present | Borhan Aman Shah | PH (PKR) |
# E. W. Bliss Company

The E. W. Bliss Company was a manufacturer of machine tools founded by Eliphalet Williams Bliss. The company was based in Brooklyn, New York and relocated to Hastings, Michigan in 1919.

## History

In 1857, Bliss formed a partnership with John Mays. Under the name of Mays & Bliss, they engaged in the machine press and die business. In 1871, Mays sold his share of the business to Bliss' cousin, J. H. Williams. Bliss later bought Williams' interest and conducted the business by himself. In 1885, Eliphalet Williams Bliss, Anna M. Bliss, and William A. Porter, Frank M. Leavitt and Charles L. Hart incorporated the business with a capital of $100,000.00 divided into 4,000 shares of $25.00 each. In 1890, the company was incorporated with a capital of $1,250,000, which was afterwards increased to $2,000,000. The company increased its holdings by buying out the business of the Stiles & Parker Press Company and the U. S. Projectile Company.
E. W. Bliss at one time was owned by American corporation Gulf and Western Industries before it was consolidated into Bliss Clearing Niagara.
In December 1947, after 90 years, the Brooklyn plant was closed. Manufacturing facilities were then moved to Englewood, New Jersey, Hastings, Michigan, Toledo, Ohio, Canton, Ohio and Salem, Ohio. Bliss purchased Consolidated Press Company of Hastings, Michigan.
In 1906, E. W. Bliss Company created the Bliss Automobile.
In the 1960's E. W. Bliss owned an engineering development facility in Swathmore, PA. The products included design of a continuous casting machine for Phoenix Steel, worked on development of automated airport landing system and aircraft arresting gear for commercial and military airframes (a pendant and net systems). The company maintained a test facility at the Woodbine, NJ airfield where they installed the largest steam launch catapult of its time.
Bliss Clearing Niagara filed for bankruptcy in 1999. The Intellectual Property assets were sold to Mueller Weingarten press company and the plant was sold to BCN Technical Services Inc., incorporated in 2006, which still operates in Hastings, Michigan, to service Bliss, Clearing, and Niagara brand presses.

## Products

The company produced a line of special presses adapted for sheet metal work, power stamping machines, automobile parts, torpedoes, shrapnel and armor-piercing projectiles. Notable among these products were the Whitehead torpedo, the Bliss-Leavitt torpedo and the Bliss automobile.
Bliss obtained defense contracts for the manufacture of torpedoes, used by the US Navy, and munitions during the Spanish–American War, World War I and World War II.
Bliss machines were often huge and very heavy, powered by steam and were sold or used by the company itself to manufacture pressed metal products. These machine tools sported names such as "Automatic Muck Bar Shear", "Gang-Slitting Machine", "Double Seamer for Flat Bottoms Machine", "Double Crank Press", "Double Eccentric Press, Geared", "Reducing Press" and "Power Press No 18 on Short Legs".
# Carglumic acid

Carglumic acid, sold under the brand name Carbaglu among others, is used for the treatment of hyperammonaemia. Carglumic acid is a carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS 1) activator.
The most common adverse effects include vomiting, abdominal pain, pyrexia (fever), and tonsillitis, anemia, diarrhea, ear infection, other infections, nasopharyngitis, decreased hemoglobin levels, and headache.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2010. Carglumic acid is an orphan drug. It is available as a generic medication.

## Medical uses

Carglumic acid is indicated for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia and chronic hyperammonemia.
# Asheri fort

Asheri Fort / Asheri is a fort located 102 km from Mumbai and 88 km from Thane. It is in Palghar district, of Maharashtra. This fort is an important fort in Palghar district. The fort is located on the hills near Mendhavan Khind on Mumbai-Ahmedabad highway. The base village Khodkona is a very small tribal village. The Fort restoration is done by the local villagers.

## History

This fort was built by the Bhojraja of Shilahara dynasty. This fort was captured by Bimb Raja of Mahim (Palghar) from Kolis. This fort is about 800 years old. It was ruled by Gujarat Sultanate. The Portuguese captain of Bassein, Antonio Moniz Barreto annexed the Asherigad in 1556, after bribing the Abyssinian captain who commanded the fort. Manor Fort was captured later. This fort was the northern boundary of Portuguese territory. Portuguese made it as a capital of 38 villages and 6 parishes. The fort had twenty water cisterns and two ponds. In 1737, this fort was conquered by the Maratha forces led by Chimaji Appa against Provincia do Norte, but it was reconquered in the counter-offensive by Antonio Cardim de Frois, the new General of the North. In February 1739, it fell definitely into the Maratha hands. In 1818 Captain Dickinson captured this fort and thus it went into the hands of the British East India Company.

## How to reach

The nearest town is Manor which is 80 km from Thane. The fort lies between Mastan naka and Charoti naka. There are local rickshaws available from either nakas to reach the base village Khodkona खडकोना. There are good hotels at Mastan Naka and Charoti Naka. Now tea and snacks are also available in small hotels on the Highway. The trekking path starts from the hillock north of the Khodkona. The route is very safe and wide. There is a dense forest on the trekking route. It takes about an hour to reach the col below the fort hill. The narrow path climbing up on the eastern side of the hill leads to the entrance of the fort. The night stay on the fort can be made in the cave on the fort. The local villagers make night stay and food arrangements at a reasonable cost.

## Places to see

There are nothing much structures to be seen on the fort, except for the rock cut pond, which is full of lotus flowers and a cave inhabited by a sadhu.

## Gallery

* Portuguese post of arms engraved in rock on the Fort
* Rock cut stps on the fort
* Vaghya dev tribal god
* Forest below the fort
19°49′13.5″N 72°55′16″E﻿ / ﻿19.820417°N 72.92111°E﻿ / 19.820417; 72.92111
# Janai Crooms

Janai Crooms (born 23 June 1999) is a Rwandan-American basketball player.

## Early life

Crooms was born on 23 June 1999 in Cranston, Rhode Island, to John Crooms and Lisa Robertson. She attended St. Andrew's School in Barrington, Rhode Island, where she played on the basketball team. Crooms was rated a four-star recruit and was ranked No. 36 in the 2018 class by Prospect Nation.

## College career

Crooms played for Ohio State Buckeyes for two seasons (2018 to 2020), Michigan State Spartans from 2020 to 2021 before joining Providence Friars for two seasons (2021 to 2023). As a sophomore at Ohio State in 2019–20, she played in 32 games, made 10 starts, averaged 6.8 points per game.
In 2022, while she was with the Providence Friars, she earned the All-Big East Conference honors alongside Kylee Sheppard.

## National team career

Crooms played for Rwanda in the 2023 FIBA Women's AfroBasket where she averaged 13.6 points, 5.6 rebounds and 2.8 assists per game during the tournament.
# Ren Kajiya

Ren Kajiya (加治屋 蓮, Kajiya Ren, born November 25, 1991) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has previously played in NPB for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and Hanshin Tigers.

## Professional career
### Fukuoka Softbank Hawks

On October 24, 2013, Kajiya was drafted by the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks in the first overall pick in the 2013 Nippon Professional Baseball draft. In the 2014 -2015 season, he played in the Western League of NPB's minor leagues and played in informal matches against Shikoku Island League Plus's teams.
On August 26, 2016, Kajiya pitched his debut game as a relief pitcher against the Chiba Lotte Marines. In the 2016 -2017 season, he pitched in four games. On July 14, 2018, Kajiya pitched in the 2018 NPB All-Star game [jp]. In the 2018 season, he pitched in 72 games as a setup man, matching the Hawks' record. And he finished the regular season with a 4–3 win–loss record, a 3.38 ERA, 31 holds, 53 strikeouts in 66 2/3 innings, and he pitched in the 2018 Japan Series. In the 2019 season, Kajiya finished the regular season with 30 games pitched, a 3–1 win–loss record, a 6.00 ERA, and 23 strikeouts in 36 innings. On December 2, 2020, he became a free agent.

### Hanshin Tigers

On December 15, 2020, Kajiya signed with Hanshin Tigers of NPB and held a press conference.
# Mohammed Habib (footballer)

Mohammed Habib (17 July 1949 – 15 August 2023) was an Indian footballer who played as a forward for the India national team which he also captained. He is also considered by many Indians as one of the best footballers the country has ever produced. He was popularly known as Bade Mia in the Indian football world.

## Club career

In 1968, Habib played for the Calcutta Football League club Mohun Bagan under "diamond coach" Amal Dutta, and won the 1969 IFA Shield with a 3–1 victory against East Bengal in the final.
Although hailing from the state of Andhra Pradesh (now Telangana), he represented Bengal in the Santosh Trophy. For the 1969–70 Santosh Trophy, Habib, along with Priya Mazumder and Pranab Ganguly were released from the Indian camp for the Merdeka Cup. The Bengal forwards ran riot and scored 28 goals in five matches. Habib scored five goals in Bengal's 6-1 win over Services in the final and finished as the top scorer of the tournament with 11 goals.

## International career

Habib represented the India national team in international tournaments. He won a bronze medal at the 1970 Asian Games in Bangkok on a team led by Syed Nayeemuddin and managed by P. K. Banerjee. He scored 11 goals in 35 international matches.

## Managerial career

After playing football, Habib became coach of the Tata Football Academy. He also acted as chief coach of the Indian Football Association academy in Haldia.
Habib guided Mohammedan Sporting in domestic competitions from 1999–2000, 2000–2003 and 2005. He also managed Bengal Mumbai FC in the Mumbai Football League from 2007 to 2008.

## Death

Mohammed Habib died on 15 August 2023 at the age of 74, after suffering from Parkinson's disease and dementia.

## Honours

Bengal
* Santosh Trophy: 1969-70
East Bengal
* IFA Shield: 1970, 1972, 1974
* Federation Cup: 1980–81
India
* Asian Games Bronze Medal: 1970
* Merdeka Tournament third place: 1970
* Pesta Sukan Cup (Singapore): 1971
Mohun Bagan
* IFA Shield: 1969, 1977, 1978
* Federation Cup: 1978–79
Individual
* Santosh Trophy top scorer: 1969-70 (with 11 goals)
Awards
* Arjuna Award: 1980
* East Bengal "Bharat Gaurav Award": 2015
* Banga Bibhushan: 2018 (by the Government of West Bengal)