# List of wars involving Italy

This is a list of wars involving the Italian Republic and its predecessor states since the Italian wars of independence in the 19th century, but does not include wars fought by the historic states of Italy. The result of these conflicts follows this legend:
    Italian victory
    Italian defeat
    Another result*
    Ongoing conflict
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Italy, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

## Italian Wars of Unification

The Risorgimento movement emerged to unite Italy in the 19th century. Piedmont-Sardinia took the lead in a series of wars to liberate Italy from foreign control. Following three Wars of Italian Independence against the Habsburg Austrians in the north, the Expedition of the Thousand against the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies in the south, and the Capture of Rome, the unification of the country was completed in 1871 when Rome was declared capital of Italy.
| Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents | Outcome |
| Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Outcome |
| 1848 | 1849 | First Italian War of Independence | Kingdom of Sardinia Italian Volunteer Army Supported by: Provisional Government of Milan Republic of San Marco Kingdom of Sicily Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Modena and Reggio Duchy of Parma and Piacenza Roman Republic | Austrian Empire Lombardy–Venetia French Republic Kingdom of Two Sicilies Papal States Grand Duchy of Tuscany | Austrian-French Victory |
| 1853 | 1856 | Crimean War | France Ottoman Empire Egypt Tunis  Britain Sardinia Supported by: Austrian Empire Caucasus Imamate Circassia Abkhazia | Russian Empire Mingrelia Kurdish rebels Greece | Allied Victory Treaty of Paris |
| 1859 | 1859 | Second Italian War of Independence | French Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Support: United Principalities | Austrian Empire Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia | Italian Victory, Armistice of Villafranca (12 July 1859) Sardinia annexed Lombardy from Austria. Sardinia occupied and later annexed Habsburg-ruled Tuscany and Emilia. France gains Savoy and Nice from Sardinia. |
| 1860 | 1861 | Expedition of the Thousand | Sardinia | Two Sicilies Supported by Papal States France Spain | Italian Victory: Sicily, Southern Italy, Marche and Umbria annexed by Sardinia Collapse of Two Sicilies Foundation of the Kingdom of Italy |
| 1861 | 1865 | Brigandage in Southern Italy | Italy | Southern Italian Briganti Bourbon legitimists Spanish partisans | Italian Victory |
| 1866 | 1866 | Third Italian War of Independence | Italy | Austrian Empire | Italian Victory: Armistice of Cormons and Treaty of Vienna: Kingdom of Italy annexes Venetia and Friuli. |
| 1866 | 1866 | The Seven and a Half Days Revolt | Italy | Palermitan Rebels | Italian Victory, rebellion suppressed |
| 1870 | 1870 | Capture of Rome | Italy | Papal States | Italian Victory, Kingdom of Italy incorporates the Papal States. |

## Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

| Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents | Outcome |
| Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Outcome |
| 1885 | 1895 | Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889 | Italy | Ethiopia Mahdist Sudan | Italian Victory, establishment of Italian Eritrea. |
| 1889 | 1920 | Pacification of Somalia | Italy | Various rebels Dervish State | Italian Victory, consolidation of Italian Somaliland. |
| 1890 | 1894 | Mahdist War | Italy | Mahdist Sudan | Italian Victory All Sudanese invasions repulsed Italians take Kassala |
| 1895 | 1896 | First Italo-Ethiopian War | Italy | Ethiopia | Ethiopian Victory Ethiopia recognised as independent country by Italy. Italy abrogates the Treaty of Wuchale with the establishment of a corridor between Eritrea and Italian Somaliland |
| 1896 | 1925 | Bīmāl revolt | Italy | Bimaal Rebels | Italian Victory Suppression of the Bimaal revolt |
| 1897 | 1897 | Greco-Turkish War (1897) | Greece Italian volunteers Armenian volunteers | Ottoman Empire | Turkish Victory Small parts of Thessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire Cretan State established through the intervention of the great powers of Europe |
| 1897 | 1898 | Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) (International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)) | Cretan revolutionaries Kingdom of Greece British Empire France Italy Russian Empire Austria-Hungary (until April 12, 1898) German Empire (until March 16th, 1898) | Ottoman Empire | Italian Victory Establishment of the Cretan State. Withdraw of Ottoman forces from Crete. |
| 1899 | 1901 | Boxer Rebellion | United Kingdom  Japan  Russia France  United States  Germany  Italy  Austria-Hungary | Righteous Harmony Society  Manchu-China | Italian Allied Victory, Boxer Protocol: Anti-foreign societies banned in China. Italy obtains the Italian concession of Tientsin |
| 1900 | 1920 | Somaliland Campaign | Italy United Kingdom | Dervish movement Ethiopian Empire | Italian-British Victory Collapse of the Dervish state |
| 1902 | 1903 | Venezuelan naval blockade | United Kingdom Germany Italy | Venezuela | Inconclusive/Other Outcome Venezuelan debt dispute resolved |
| 1911 | 1912 | Italo-Turkish War | Italy | Ottoman Empire | Italian Victory: Italy gains Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Fezzan and the Dodecanese Islands. |
| 1911 | 1917 | Italo-Senussi War | Italy | Senussi Order Ottoman Empire | Italian Victory: Extension of Italian control in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica |
| 1912 | 1913 | First Balkan War | Balkan League: Bulgaria Serbia Greece Montenegro Italian volunteers Russia | Ottoman Empire Austria-Hungary | Balkan League Victory: Treaty of London |
| 1914 | 1918 | World War I | Allied Powers  France  British Empire  United Kingdom  Canada  Newfoundland  Australia  New Zealand  India  South Africa  Russia  United States  Italy  Japan  China  Serbia  Montenegro  Romania  Belgium  Greece  Portugal  Brazil | Central Powers  Germany  Austria-Hungary  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria | Italian Allied Victory: Destruction of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Annexation of Trentino-Alto Adige, Gorizia and Gradisca, Istria, Trieste, Zara and the Julian March to the Kingdom of Italy. Armistice of Villa Giusti Treaty of Versailles: German demobilisation Russia pulls out in 1917 Russian Civil War Creation of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin Rises to power Creation of League of Nations |
| 1918 | 1920 | Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War | White Movement  British Empire  United Kingdom  Canada  Australia  India  South Africa  United States France  Italy  Japan  Czechoslovakia  Greece  Estonia  Serbia  Poland  Romania  China | Russian SFSR  Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists | Bolshevik Victory: White Army defeated Allied withdrawal from Russia Soviet Union new Russian Power |
| 1918 | 1923 | Occupation of Constantinople | United Kingdom France Italy | Ottoman Empire | Temporary occupation Constantinople Military occupation by the United Kingdom, followed by France and Italy, then abandoned. Britain officially dismantled the Ottoman Empire parliament on 16 March 1920 and restored it on 9 September 1922 to the Ankara Government |
| 1919 | 1923 | Turkish War of Independence | Ottoman Empire Soviet Russia Italy | United Kingdom France Greece Armenia Georgia | Italian Allied Victory Treaty of Lausanne |
| 1920 | 1920 | Vlora War | Italy | Principality of Albania | Compromise agreement Italy voluntarily abandons Vlora, but annexes the island of Saseno. Italy abandons plans to establish a mandate over Albania, but retains diplomatic protection over the country to guarantee its special interests. |
| 1920 | 1920 | Bloody Christmas | Italy | Italian Regency of Carnaro | Italian Victory: Expulsion of D'Annunzio's forces. Conquest of the Italian Regency of Carnaro. Independence of the Free State of Fiume. |
| 1921 | 1921 | Anti-fascist uprising in Albona | Italy | Labin Republic | Italian Victory: Fall of the Labin Republic Italian re-annexation of Labin |
| 1923 | 1932 | Pacification of Libya | Italy | Senussi Order | Italian Victory: Stabilization of Italian rule in Libya. Ethnic cleansing of the Cyrenaican indigenous population. Mass deaths of Cyrenaican indigenous civilians. |
| 1924 | 1927 | Pacification of Italian Somaliland | Italy | Somali rebels | Italian Victory: All-out defeat of Somali rebels The independent Majeerteen Sultanate is brutally suppressed in 1927, finalizing the Italian occupation of Somalia. |
| 1924 | 1940 | Italian conquest of the Horn of Africa | Italy | Sultanate of Hobyo Majeerteen Sultanate  Ethiopian Empire  Britain | Italian Victory: Italian conquest of the Horn of Africa. |
| 1935 | 1937 | Second Italo-Abyssinian War | Italy Italian Eritrea Italian Somaliland | Ethiopian Empire | Italian Victory: Debellation of Ethiopia, foundation of Italian East Africa. |
| 1936 | 1939 | Spanish Civil War | Nationalist  Italy  Germany Portugal Foreign volunteers | Republican Foreign volunteers  Soviet Union (1936–1938)  Mexico | Italian Allied Victory Defeat of the Second Spanish Republic Beginning of Franco's dictatorship |
| 1939 | 1939 | Invasion of Albania | Italy | Albania | Italian Victory, Italian occupation of Albania. |
| 1939 | 1945 | World War II Italian Resistance (1943-1945) Italian Civil War | Axis Powers  Germany  Japan  Italy (until 1943)  Italian Social Republic (from 23 Sep. 1943)  Hungary  Romania (until 1944)  Bulgaria (until 1944) Serbia (until 1944)  Slovakia  Croatia  Finland (until 1944) Vichy France  Thailand  Manchukuo  Mengjiang | Allied Powers  United States  Soviet Union  United Kingdom  China France Poland  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  India  South Africa  Yugoslavia  Greece  Denmark  Norway  Netherlands  Belgium  Luxembourg  Czechoslovakia  Brazil  Mexico  Ethiopia  Italy (from 1943)  Romania (from 1944)  Bulgaria (from 1944)  Finland (from 1944) | 'United Nations' Allied victory: Kingdom of Italy signs the Armistice of Cassibile, declares war on Germany and becomes a co-belligerent of the Allies in 1943. Nazi Germany, along with the collaborationist regime of the Italian Social Republic, is defeated in the 1943-1945 Italian Campaign by the Allies and the Italian Resistance; an aspect of this conflict is the Italian civil war. Italy signs the Treaty of Paris. It is forced to cede Istria, Zara and most of the Julian March to Jugoslavia, Brigue and Tende to France, as well as losing all its colonies and part of its surviving fleet, and paying reparations to several countries. |

## Italian Republic (1946-present)

| Start | Finish | Name of Conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents | Outcome |
| Start | Finish | Name of Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Outcome |
| 1960 | 1964 | ONUC | United Nations | Various armed groups | Italian Allied Victory Stabilization of Congo's security |
| 1982 | 1984 | Multinational Force in Lebanon | Italy  United States  France  United Kingdom | Islamic Jihad Organization Iran Syria Progressive Socialist Party Amal Movement | Syrian Allied Victory Multinational forces fail to prevent collapse of Lebanese Army into sectarian militias. Multinational forces evacuated after the US embassy and US Marine barracks are bombed by the Islamic Jihad Organization. Multinational forces oversee withdrawal of Palestine Liberation Organization. Civil war continues until 1990. Syrian occupation continues until 2005. |
| 1991 | 1991 | Gulf War Operazione Locusta | Kuwait  United States  Saudi Arabia  France  Egypt  Syria  United Kingdom  Italy Other Allies | Iraq | Italian Allied Victory Kuwait regains its independence |
| 1992 | 1995 | Bosnian War | Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States | Republika Srpska | Italian Allied Victory Dayton Accords Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group |
| 1992 | 1995 | Somali Civil War | United States United Kingdom Italy Saudi Arabia Malaysia Pakistan Spain India Greece Germany France Canada Botswana Belgium Australia | Various Somali factions | UN withdrawal UN withdrawal. About 100,000 lives were saved by outside resistance. Civil war is ongoing. |
| 1997 | 1997 | 1997 Albanian civil unrest (Operation Alba) | Government of Sali Berisha (Operation Alba) Italian Armed Forces French Armed Forces Turkish Armed Forces Hellenic Armed Forces Romanian Armed Forces Austrian Armed Forces (Operation Libelle) German Armed Forces (Operation Silver Wake) United States Armed Forces | Rebels | Italian Allied Victory New Parliamentary Elections. |
| 1998 | 1999 | Kosovo War | United States  France  Canada  Denmark  Germany  Italy Kosovo Liberation Army | Yugoslavia | Italian Allied Victory Kosovo occupied by Nato forces Kosovo administered by UNMIK |
| 2001 | 2001 | 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia | National Liberation Army NATO | Republic of Macedonia Supported by:  Ukraine(main arms supply)  Bulgaria (arms supply) FR Yugoslavia (arms supply)  Russia (arm supply and Contractors) | Inconclusive/Other Outcome Ohrid Agreement Macedonian offensive stopped by NATO involvement Ceasefire established The majority of Albanian insurgents agree to disarm in exchange for greater ethnic rights Low intensity resurgence since November 2001 |
| 2001 | 2021 | Afghanistan War | Afghanistan United States United Kingdom Italy Germany France Canada Australia New Zealand Georgia Poland Romania Turkey ISAF  Albania  Armenia  Austria  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Belgium  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Bulgaria  Croatia  Czech Republic  Denmark  El Salvador  Estonia  Finland  Greece  Hungary  Iceland  Ireland  Jordan  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malaysia  Mongolia  Montenegro  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Republic of Macedonia  Singapore  Slovakia  Slovenia  South Korea  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  Tonga  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates Northern Alliance | Taliban al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan HI-Gulbuddin Hezb-e Islami Khalis Haqqani network Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed East Turkestan Islamic Movement Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Islamic Emirate of Waziristan Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Islamic Jihad Union  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan | Defeat Invasion of Afghanistan Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda camps Over two thirds of al-Qaeda's leadership demolished Occupation of Afghanistan Establishment of a new Afghan Government and Security Force Taliban insurgency Killing of Osama bin Laden Escape of Ayman al-Zawahiri Taliban retakes Kabul |
| 2003 | 2006 | Iraq War | Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan Multi-National Force – Iraq:  United States  United Kingdom  Italy  Australia  New Zealand  Spain  Netherlands  Poland  South Korea  Ukraine  Georgia Other Allies | Islamic State of Iraq al-Qaeda Various insurgents  Ba'athist Iraq | Italian Allied Victory Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government Execution of Saddam Hussein Deployment in Dhi Qar Province Iraqi insurgency, emergence of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and Sectarian Violence Rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq Italian withdrawal in 2006, US withdrawal in 2011 |
| 2011 | 2011 | First Libyan Civil War | Many NATO members acting under UN mandate, including:  United States  France  Denmark  Italy  Canada and Anti-Gaddafi forces several Arab League states Sweden | Libya Pro-Gaddafi forces | Italian Allied Victory Fall of Gaddafi regime Muammar Gaddafi killed National Transitional Council take control |
| 2023 | Ongoing | Operation Prosperity Guardian | United States  United Kingdom  Canada  France  Greece  Italy  Netherlands  Norway  Spain  Bahrain  Seychelles  Sri Lanka  New Zealand | Supreme Political Council  Houthi movement | Ongoing conflict |
| 2024 | Ongoing | Operation Aspides | Italy  France  Germany  Belgium  Greece | Supreme Political Council  Houthi movement | Ongoing conflict |