OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of the Bulge (disambiguation)

The Battle of the Bulge was a major World War II German offensive in 1944. It was a great surprise to the allies despite the Germans using the same invasion route to attack France in 1940. Using some of the exact same roads
Battle of the Bulge may also refer to:

## Literature and film

* Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Alternate Scenarios, an alternate history anthology
* Battle of the Bulge (1965 film), an American widescreen epic war film
* The Battle of the Bulge... The Brave Rifles, a 1965 documentary film
* Battle of the Bulge (1991 film), a Canadian comedy short film
* The Battle of the Bulge a 1994 documentary for PBS by Thomas Lennon

## Games

* Battle of the Bulge (1991 game), a board wargame by Avalon Hill
* Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge, a 2007 board game by Avalon Hill
* Battle of the Bulge (video game), a 2012 IOS historical wargame

## Other uses

Battle of the Bulge, a nickname for weight loss
# Melissa Osborne

Melissa Osborne is a practicing Divorce and Family Law attorney in Hartford County, Connecticut, and an American Democratic Party politician currently serving as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 16th district, which encompasses the town of Simsbury, since 2023. Osborne was first elected in 2022 over Republican challenger Mike Paine by 1,500 votes, and was re-elected in 2024, winning by 3,724 votes, with 61.85% of the electorate. Osborne had previously run against, and lost to, Republican incumbent Kevin Witkos for State Senate in 2014, 2018, and 2020.
# ChileHardware

CHW, formerly ChileHardware, was a Spanish language computer hardware review web site. The site was founded by Christian Montero, Felipe Figueroa and Juan Pablo Adaro, in January 2004 to help and show people new technologies. The site is based in South America, and writes about information technology trade shows, daily news, first hand hardware reviews and columns.

## History

In 2006, the web site was restructured, after which Montero and Adaro left. Figueroa was left in charge, and Juan Francisco Diez became his assistant. Later that year, CHW launched a web site called TecnoSquad, based on consumer electronics and other blogs like Engadget and Gizmodo. In 2007, the web site BotonTurbo was launched, which was a video game console oriented blog. During 2007, the web site incorporated as an LLC company, with the help of Felipe Encinas and Luis Felipe Castillo as minor partners, and stood as a media network under the unofficial name Sconf Networks.

## Merging with Betazeta

In 2008, the company underwent another restructure. After mild and unsuccessful alliances with PCFactory and Terra Networks, the owners opted for Sconf Networks (CHW, TecnoSquad and BotonTurbo) to be merged with Zetacorp Networks, the media group in charge of FayerWayer, a tech savvy blog, and Saborizante, a web site dedicated to social life and events. The new media network was renamed Betazeta. TecnoSquad was absorbed into a new project called Wayerless, which was devoted to mobile and hand held e-reader. BotonTurbo was re-branded to Niubie.

## Content

CHW focuses on technology rumors, how-to tutorials, hardware reviews and opinion articles. CHW started producing content by re-printing news stories, and has advanced to producing original content and getting exclusives. The company learns about new content through attending IDF, Computex, CES, CeBIT and other information technology trade shows, and it maintains close contact with tech brands such as AMD, Intel, NVIDIA, HP, Samsung, MSI, Foxconn, ECS, Gigabyte and Kingston Technologies.

## Forums

CHW maintains a forums board, where readers can discuss information technology. It has 350.000 members and 4 million posts.
# George Anderson Stores

George Anderson Stores is a historic building in Savannah, Georgia, United States. Located in Savannah's Historic District, the addresses of some of the properties are East Bay Street, above Factors Walk, while others solely utilize the former King Cotton warehouses on River Street. As of February 2022, these are The Peanut Shop of Savannah and Spanky's. The current building was constructed in 1835, but George W. Anderson, a cotton merchant, banker and planter, had a store in the previous incarnation, known as Richard Wayne's Wharf, too. The Andersons were one of Savannah's most prominent families, notably in the Civil War years.
In October 1817, leading cabinetmaker Duncan Phyfe's first shipment to Savannah was recorded. He shipped six boxes to George Anderson and Son, who were active from 1817 to 1839.
In April 1837, merchants Clark and Pelott were advertising from "Anderson's new Stores".
The building stands adjacent to the Scott and Balfour Stores at 302–316 East Bay Street.
# Three Futures

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 81/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | A− |
| Consequence of Sound | B+ |
| DIY Magazine | |
| The Line of Best Fit | 8/10 |
| Mojo | |
| Pitchfork | 8.0/10 |
| Spin | 8/10 |
| Uncut | |
| Under the Radar | 6.5/10 |
Three Futures is the third studio album by Torres (née Mackenzie Scott), released on September 29, 2017, on 4AD Records. The album was recorded in England. As with Torres' last album Sprinter, Three Futures was produced by Rob Eliis. The album was mixed by David Tolomel.

## Production

Three Futures was recorded in Stockport and Dorset, England once again with co-producer Rob Ellis, who also produced her last album, Sprinter. David Tolomei was chosen to mix the album.

## Artwork

The album cover prominently features an example of the at the time frequented satirized manspreading trend. Torres explained it reminded her of the idea that “men take up more space”.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Mackenzie Scott, except where noted

## Personnel

* Mackenzie Scott – vocals, guitar, drum programming, synthesizer, producer
* Rob Ellis – electronic drums, synthesizer, drum programming, producer
* Chris Hamilton - synthesizer, drum machine, electronics, engineer
* Dahm Majuri Cipolla - drums, electronics
* Cameron Kapoor – guitar, synthesizer, electronics
* Adrian Utley – synthesizer
* Erin Manning – synthesizer, keyboards, electronics
* Ben Christophers – synthesizer, omnichord, electronics
* Henry Broadhead – engineer
* Heba Kadry – mastering
* David Tolomei – mixing
# Burlington Record

The Burlington Record is a weekly newspaper in Burlington, Colorado since 1888. It was published by Prairie Mountain Publishing, which is owned by MediaNews Group, until 2024. The paper ceased was revived by Tom Bredehoft. The paper's coverage extended to Bethune, Stratton, and Seibert.

## History

The Burlington Record was founded in 1888. Prairie Mountain Media closed the paper on July 25, 2024. However, Tom Bredehoft, owner of The Flagler News and Mile Saver Shopper, legally claimed the publication’s name and resumed printing of the Burlington Record in August. But then Bredehoft ceased publishing his other two papers in December after his two biggest advertisers pulled support. By then the Burlington Record was renamed to The Record, and coverage had been expanded regionally.
# Gene McFadden

Gene McFadden (January 28, 1949 – January 27, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was one of the key members of the Philadelphia International record label, and was one-half of the successful team of McFadden & Whitehead with John Whitehead.

## Biography

McFadden met John Whitehead as a teenager and together they founded the Epsilons, a soul music group. The group was discovered by Otis Redding, who acted as their manager. They later toured with Redding until his death in 1967, after which, they signed with Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff's Philadelphia International record label.
McFadden & Whitehead soon gained attention for their songwriting ability when their song "Back Stabbers", recorded by The O'Jays, went to No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100. The duo wrote many songs for other Philadelphia International artists and had hits such as Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes' "Wake Up Everybody (Part 1)", "Bad Luck", The Intruders' "I’ll Always Love My Mama," and their own, "Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now" (#1 R&B) in 1979. McFadden, along with Whitehead, was instrumental in defining the sound of Philadelphia soul.

## Illness and death

McFadden was diagnosed with liver and lung cancer in 2004, and died from the disease at his home in the Mount Airy section of Philadelphia on January 27, 2006, one day shy of his 57th birthday. He was survived by his wife Barbara, two daughters, and two sons.

## Legacy

In 2016, a federal appeals court ruled that the estates of both McFadden and Whitehead were allowed to retain control of the duo's song catalog.
# Exidia saccharina

Exidia saccharina is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are gelatinous, reddish brown, button-shaped at first then often coalescing and becoming irregularly effused. In the UK, it has the recommended English name of pine jelly. It grows on dead branches of conifers and is known from Europe, North America, and northern Asia.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1805 from Germany as Tremella spiculosa var. saccharina by mycologists Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David de Schweinitz and raised to species level in Exidia by Elias Magnus Fries in 1822. Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that the species is distinct. Exidia subrepanda, originally described from Finland on spruce (Picea), is considered a synonym.

## Description

The basidiocarps of E. saccharina are orange-brown, gelatinous, button-shaped at first but sometimes coalescing to form effused, irregular, often ridged masses up to 10 cm across. They become leathery, dark, and shriveled when dry.

### Microscopic characters

The translucent hyphae are 0.5–2.5 μm in diameter, monomitic, branched, thin-walled, and form clamp connections. Hyphae frequently form anastomoses. Basidia are typically 13 to 15.5 μm long, elliptical, and consist of four longitudinally septate cells. Basidiospores are allantoid (sausage shaped), 10 to 14 by 3 to 4.5 μm, with thin, smooth walls.

### Similar species

Fruit bodies of Exidia subsaccharina (known from France and England) also occur on conifers and are not distinguishable in the field, but have larger basidia and spores (12.5 to 17.5 by 4 to 5.5 μm).

## Distribution and habitat

Exidia saccharina is most common in Scandinavia, but can also be found elsewhere in Europe, in northern parts of Asia, and in North America.
Exidia saccharina grows only on dead conifers, including species of Abies, Larix, Picea, and most commonly Pinus. It seems to grow most preferentially on Pinus strobus. In its anamorphic (asexual) state, it has been found in association with bark beetles.

## Conservation status

Exidia saccharina is currently listed on the register of protected and endangered fungi of Poland.
# Wirenia

Wirenia is a genus of pholidoskepian solenogasters, shell-less, worm-like, marine mollusks.
# Cadillac Evening News

The Cadillac Evening News is a daily newspaper in Cadillac, Michigan. The newspaper started publishing in 1872.
# Teuku Ichsan

Teuku Muhammad Ichsan (born 25 November 1997), commonly known as TM Ichsan, is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga 2 club Bhayangkara.

## Club career
### Bhayangkara

He made his debut in a match against Persegres Gresik United in the Liga 1. On 7 May 2017, Ichsan made his debut with a goal in the 79th minute against Gresik United.

## International career

He made his debut for the Indonesia in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification against Malaysia on 19 November 2019.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 26 February 2025
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bhayangkara | 2017 | Liga 1 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Bhayangkara | 2018 | Liga 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Bhayangkara | 2019 | Liga 1 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Bhayangkara | 2020 | Liga 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Bhayangkara | 2021–22 | Liga 1 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Bhayangkara | 2022–23 | Liga 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Bhayangkara | 2023–24 | Liga 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Bhayangkara | 2024–25 | Liga 2 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 91 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 98 | 3 |
* ↑ Appearances in Indonesia President's Cup
* ↑ Appearances in Menpora Cup

### International appearances

    As of 19 November 2019
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Indonesia | 2019 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 1 | 0 |

## Honours
### Club
#### Bhayangkara

* Liga 1: 2017
Bhayangkara
* Liga 2 runner-up: 2024–25
# Thumbs Up! (EP)

Thumbs Up! is the seventh extended play from South Korean boy band Pentagon. It was released on September 10, 2018, by Cube Entertainment. The album consists of five tracks, including the lead single, "Naughty Boy".
This is the first project from the group to not feature all ten members, in which Yan An and E'Dawn were absent from the comeback, over health concerns and a dating scandal respectively. While he didn't provide his vocals for the album, E'Dawn participated in the composition of several tracks. It was later announced that E'Dawn would be leaving Pentagon on November 14, while Yan An would resume his activities with the group on November 25.

## Commercial performance

The EP debuted at number ten on the Korean Gaon Chart in September 2018. The EP sold over 21,585 units in September.

## Accolades

Year-end lists :
| Critic/Publication | List | Nominated Work | Rank |
| Billboard | 20 Best K-pop Albums of 2018: Critics' Picks | Thumbs Up! | 7 |
| MTV | 18 Best K-pop B-sides of 2018 | "When It Rains at Night" | 11 |
| SBS PopAsia | Top 100 Asian pop songs of 2018 | "Naughty Boy" | 83 |

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 4 |
# Paula Tiso

Paula Tiso is an American voice actress. She works in many areas of voiceover including Documentary narration, Affiliate TV, Radio Imaging, commercial voiceover as well as video games and live-action dubbing.
She has narrated the true crime Oxygen series Living With a Serial Killer, season 2 and the ID channel series The Devil Speaks, as well as various series on the History Channel and the Smithsonian Channel, including the documentary series Genghis Khan's Mongolia.
Tiso also works in video games, appearing in Fallout 76 and Lego The Incredibles, and is known for voicing Lulu in Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy X-2, and Sylvia Christel in the No More Heroes series of games.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1989 | CBS Schoolbreak Special | Hostess | Episode: "Words to Live By" |
| 1994 | Mighty Max | Caitlin | Episode: "Fuath and Beggora" |
| 1996 | Dexter's Laboratory | Agent Honeydew | Episode: "Dial M for Monkey: Simion" |
| 2003 | The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy | Atrocia | Episode: "The Grim Show" |
| 2004 | Static Shock | Counter Girl | Episode: "Now You See Him..." |
| 2004 | As Told by Ginger | Polly Shuster | Episode: "Butterflies Are Free" |
| 2006 | Rugrats Tales from the Crib: Three Jacks and a Beanstalk | Henny Penny | Direct-to-video special |

### Anime

* .hack//Legend of the Twilight – Ohka
* Burn-Up Excess – Ruby / Wife / Passenger
* Geneshaft – Alice / Karen / Mir Lotus
* Kaze No Yojimbo – Maki
* Snack World – Additional voices
* Vampire Princess Miyu – Kasumi Kimihara

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1995 | Labyrinth of Crete | Iris |
| 1999 | Sword of the Berserk: Guts' Rage | Rita, Annette |
| 2001 | JumpStart SpyMasters: Unmask the Prankster | Jess, Jo |
| 2001 | Final Fantasy X | Lulu |
| 2002 | Eternal Darkness | Chandra |
| 2003 | Final Fantasy X-2 | Lulu |
| 2004 | La Pucelle: Tactics | Papillion |
| 2004 | EverQuest II | Various voices |
| 2005 | Destroy All Humans! | Additional voices |
| 2005 | Dungeons & Dragons: Dragonshard | Various voices |
| 2006 | Syphon Filter: Dark Mirror | Blake Hargrove |
| 2006 | Neopets: Petpet Adventures: The Wand of Wishing | Megan |
| 2006 | Destroy All Humans! 2 | Additional voices |
| 2006 | Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops | Female Scientist |
| 2007 | No More Heroes | Sylvia Christel |
| 2008 | Destroy All Humans! Big Willy Unleashed | Mindy Peters |
| 2008 | Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots | Laughing Octopus |
| 2009 | Final Fantasy XIII | Jihl Nabaat |
| 2010 | No More Heroes 2: Desperate Struggle | Sylvia Christel |
| 2011 | The Lord of the Rings: War in the North | Elaure |
| 2011 | Saints Row: The Third | Additional voices |
| 2011 | Final Fantasy XIII-2 | Jihl Nabaat |
| 2013 | Saints Row IV | Additional voices |
| 2018 | Lego The Incredibles | Sally Sundae |
| 2018 | The Wonderful 101 | Vijounne |
| 2018 | Fallout 76 | Duchess, Ella Ames, Geraldine Fitzsimmons, Gladys Filtcher, Executioner, Cultist |
| 2021 | No More Heroes III | Sylvia Christel |
# Haji Nurul Islam

Haji Sk. Nurul Islam (Bengali: হাজী সেখ নুরুল ইসলাম; 11 November 1963 – 25 September 2024) was an Indian politician and an MLA from Trinamool Congress in West Bengal. He was a small-time zari businessman and resident of Chhoto Jagulia village in Barasat.

## Background

Islam was born in Bahera, West Bengal, India. He joined the Trinamool Congress in January 1998 and served as a member of Bahera Gram Panchayat Samiti since 2003 to 2008. Nurul Islam was elected as the MLA from Haroa Assembly Constituency in 2016 and also became the M.P of Basirhat Lok Sabha constituency first time in 2024 Lok Sabha. He died on 25 September 2024, at the age of 61.

## Deganga riot

Islam was accused of being involved in the 2010 Deganga riots. The BJP demanded the arrest of Haji Nurul Islam for instigating the mob into a communal frenzy. An FIR had been filed against him.
# Tides: Music for Meditation and Yoga

Tides is an album by American musician Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith, initially released in 2014 and later re-released on 11 January 2019 as Tides: Music for Meditation and Yoga through the label Touchtheplants.

## Background and recording

Smith recorded the album in 2013 using a Buchla Music Easel synthesizer after her mother, a yoga teacher, wanted music she could play during her classes. It includes field recordings of "wind chimes, forest sounds, birds chirping, [and] steam valves". The album will be the first release on Smith's new label, Touchtheplants.

## Critical reception

Fact said the album provides an "insight into an early phase of the composer[']s music".

## Track listing

Adapted from Bandcamp.
# CalMatters

CalMatters, a nonprofit news organization covering California state politics and policies, launched in 2015. Founders cited the decline in coverage of state politics in the decade leading up to the founding of CalMatters as a major motivation. As of 2017, it was becoming one of the largest nonprofit newsrooms in the country raising 90 percent of its funding from individuals with only some foundation support. It has also credited its partnership with the LA Times and Capitol Public Radio, among others, as helping to grow the organization quickly.
Upon Donald Trump taking office, the website launched a project called "Trump v. California" which highlighted the criticisms made by the president against the heavily Democratic state.
CalMatters launched a rebranded website in 2019.
In November 2023, Andrew Donohue was named investigative editor and has been hiring to grow the size of his investigative team to five reporters from three in 2023.
In 2024, nonprofit news outlet The Markup merged newsrooms with CalMatters, citing complementary funders and expertise, with The Markup having a more technical and narrower focus on national and global technology policy.

## Awards

* Edward R. Murrow Award (Corporation for Public Broadcasting)
** 2020 for Large Market Radio Multimedia (to California Dream collaboration of KQED, KPCC, KPBS, CapRadio and CalMatters) for "Graying California"
* EPPY Awards
** 2022 Winner, Best Online-Only News Website in the Nation
** 2019 Winners:
*** Best Feature Story
*** Best Innovation Project
* Online Journalism Awards (OJAs)
** 2018 First Place, Feature
* San Francisco / Northern California Emmy Awards
** 2024 Winner, Criminal justice
** 2023 Winner, Trial by Fire
# Chief Commissioner of Income Tax Central

The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax Central, abbreviated as CCIT-C, is the revenue enforcement agency of the Central Board of Direct Taxes, Government of India which assesses tax evasion. It functions under the Department of Revenue in the Union Ministry of Finance and is concerned with the administration, assessment, enforcement and prosecution cases of the various direct taxes accruing to the Union Government. Its main job is to assess and provide valuable inputs to the intelligence wings of the government related to tax evasion.
# 1993 United States Virgin Islands status referendum

A status referendum was held in the United States Virgin Islands on 11 October 1993. After the United States Congress modified the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands to allow a vote on the status of the islands, a vote was scheduled for 1989. It was delayed several times until 1993, when voters were offered the options of integration into the United States, remaining a United States territory or independence.
Although 82% voted in favor of territorial status, voter turnout was below a mandated 50% threshold and as a consequence, the result was not legally binding.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| United States territory | United States territory | 8,629 | 81.60 |
| Integration with the U.S. | Integration with the U.S. | 1,421 | 13.44 |
| Independence | Independence | 525 | 4.96 |
| Total | Total | 10,575 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 10,575 | 98.54 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 157 | 1.46 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 10,732 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 39,046 | 27.49 |
| Source: Direct Democracy ||||
# Russell Hall (North Yarmouth Academy)

Russell Hall is one of the main annex buildings on the campus of North Yarmouth Academy (NYA) in Yarmouth, Maine. Completed in 1841, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It stands immediately to the west of Academy Hall at the corner of Main Street and Bridge Street. It is named for the Russell family, who donated the land on which it stands.
It was originally built as a dormitory for students for NYA, which was established in 1814.
The building's façade was formerly topped by a domed Greek Revival belfry, which was removed in 1900. The east and west side walls of the building are identical. The terrain on which it stands slopes away to the north, towards the Royal River, revealing the above-ground brick foundation on the sides and at the rear. Four tall chimneys rise up along each side of the roof.