# Bernalillo County, New Mexico

Bernalillo County (/ˌbɜːrnəˈliːjoʊ/; Spanish: Condado de Bernalillo) is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 676,444. The county seat, Albuquerque, is the most populous city in New Mexico.
Bernalillo County is the central county of the Albuquerque, NM Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Bernalillo County was one of seven partidos established during Mexican rule; in 1852, within two years of the creation of the New Mexico Territory, Bernalillo became one of that territory's nine original counties. Bernalillo County was named for the town of Bernalillo, which is currently no longer part of the county. The towns of Los Ranchos de Albuquerque and Bernalillo were previously the county seats, but the capital was finally established in Albuquerque in 1883. In 1876, it absorbed Santa Ana County.
In 1906, years after the Land Revision Act of 1891 provided for the setting aside of forest reserves, the parts of Bernalillo County currently known as Cibola National Forest were established as reserves.
USS LST-306, a World War II tank landing ship that participated in the Allied invasion of Italy, was renamed as USS Bernalillo County in 1955. Sandia Mountain Wilderness was created in 1978 and the Petroglyph National Monument was established in June 1990.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,167 square miles (3,020 km$^2$), of which 1,161 square miles (3,010 km$^2$) is land and 6.4 square miles (17 km$^2$) (0.5%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in New Mexico by area.
Bernalillo County is in central New Mexico, and "stretches from the East Mountain area (just east of the Sandia Mountains) to the Volcano Cliffs on the west mesa."

### Adjacent counties

* Sandoval County - north
* Santa Fe County - east
* Torrance County - east
* Valencia County - south
* Cibola County - west

### National protected areas

* Cibola National Forest (part)
* El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail (part)
* Petroglyph National Monument

## Demographics
### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 556,678 people, 220,936 households, and 141,178 families living in the county, making Bernalillo the most populous county in the state. The population density was 477 inhabitants per square mile (184 inhabitants/km$^2$). There were 239,074 housing units at an average density of 205 units per square mile (79/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 70.75% White, 2.77% Black or African American, 4.16% Native American, 1.93% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 16.07% from other races, and 4.22% from two or more races. 41.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 220,936 households, out of which 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.00% were married couples living together, 12.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.10% were non-families. 28.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.30% under the age of 18, 10.30% from 18 to 24, 30.40% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $38,788, and the median income for a family was $46,613. Males had a median income of $33,720 versus $26,318 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,790. About 10.20% of families and 13.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.90% of those under age 18 and 9.10% of those age 65 or over.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 662,564 people, 266,000 households, and 164,104 families living in the county. The population density was 570.8 inhabitants per square mile (220.4 inhabitants/km$^2$). There were 284,234 housing units at an average density of 244.9 units per square mile (94.6 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 69.4% white, 4.8% American Indian, 3.0% black or African American, 2.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 16.0% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 47.9% of the population. The largest ancestry groups were:
* 27.6% Mexican
* 18.5% Spanish
* 11.6% German
* 8.5% Irish
* 7.6% English
* 3.4% Italian
* 2.6% American
* 2.3% French
* 1.9% Scottish
* 1.7% Scotch-Irish
* 1.7% Polish
* 1.3% Norwegian
* 1.2% Swedish
* 1.1% Dutch
Of the 266,000 households, 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.3% were non-families, and 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age was 35.8 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $47,481 and the median income for a family was $59,809. Males had a median income of $42,189 versus $34,432 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,143. About 11.8% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics
### County Commission

| District | Name | Party | Took office |
| 1 | Barbara Baca | Democratic | 2023 |
| 2 | Steven Michael Quezada | Democratic | 2017 |
| 3 | Adriann Barboa | Democratic | 2021 |
| 4 | Walt Benson | Republican | 2021 |
| 5 | Eric C. Olivas | Democratic | 2023 |

### County offices

| Office | Name | Party | Took office |
| Sheriff | John Allen | Democratic | 2023 |
| Assessor | Damian Lara | Democratic | 2023 |
| Clerk | Linda Stover | Democratic | 2017 |
| Treasurer | Nancy M. Bearce | Democratic | 2017 |
| Probate Judge | Cristy J. Carbón-Gaul | Democratic | 2019 |

### New Mexico Senate

| District | Name | Party | Took office |
| 9 | Brenda McKenna | Democratic | 2021 |
| 10 | Katy Duhigg | Democratic | 2021 |
| 11 | Linda M. Lopez | Democratic | 1997 |
| 12 | Jerry Ortiz y Pino | Democratic | 2005 |
| 13 | Bill B. O'Neill | Democratic | 2013 |
| 14 | Michael Padilla | Democratic | 2013 |
| 15 | Daniel Ivey-Soto | Democratic | 2013 |
| 16 | Antoinette Sedillo Lopez | Democratic | 2019 |
| 17 | Mimi Stewart | Democratic | 2009 |
| 18 | Bill Tallman | Democratic | 2017 |
| 19 | Gregg Schmedes | Republican | 2021 |
| 20 | Martin Hickey | Democratic | 2021 |
| 21 | Mark Moores | Republican | 2013 |
| 22 | Benny Shendo | Democratic | 2013 |
| 23 | Harold Pope Jr. | Democratic | 2021 |
| 26 | Moe Maestas | Democratic | 2022 |
| 29 | Gregory A. Baca | Republican | 2021 |
| 39 | Liz Stefanics | Democratic | 2017 |

### Congressional

Melanie Stansbury (D) is the representative for the 1st Congressional District.
Gabe Vasquez (D) is the representative for the 2nd Congressional District.

### Presidential

In presidential elections prior to 1992, Bernalillo County primarily voted for Republican Party candidates, only supporting three Democratic candidates in six elections total. (Franklin D. Roosevelt four times, Harry S. Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson once each). From 1992 on, the county has backed Democratic Party candidates in every presidential election. While the margins were relatively narrow from 1992 to 2004, since then the county has tilted strongly Democratic similar to many urban counties nationwide. The region around Nob Hill and Downtown, which includes the University of New Mexico, is where the greatest Democratic strength in the county lies, with parts of the North Valley near the river also contributing. The Isleta Reservation in the southern strip of the county is also a highly Democratic region. The heavily Hispanic South Valley, as well as Atrisco and Armijo, which have long been Democratic strongholds, have been recently trending heavily toward the Republican party, with several precincts flipping in the 2024 election. Republican strength in the county lies east of Tijeras, in parts of the southeast near Kirtland Air Force Base, and for a long time in much of the Northeast Heights region, although this area showed a Democratic trend in the 2024 election.
United States presidential election results for Bernalillo County, New Mexico :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 118,762 | 38.21% | 184,117 | 59.23% | 7,965 | 2.56% |
| 2020 | 116,135 | 36.57% | 193,757 | 61.01% | 7,698 | 2.42% |
| 2016 | 94,698 | 34.48% | 143,417 | 52.22% | 36,547 | 13.31% |
| 2012 | 106,408 | 39.27% | 150,739 | 55.63% | 13,822 | 5.10% |
| 2008 | 110,521 | 38.67% | 171,556 | 60.03% | 3,701 | 1.30% |
| 2004 | 121,454 | 47.29% | 132,252 | 51.50% | 3,105 | 1.21% |
| 2000 | 95,249 | 46.62% | 99,461 | 48.68% | 9,609 | 4.70% |
| 1996 | 78,832 | 43.19% | 88,140 | 48.28% | 15,571 | 8.53% |
| 1992 | 77,304 | 38.52% | 90,863 | 45.27% | 32,531 | 16.21% |
| 1988 | 92,830 | 53.62% | 78,346 | 45.25% | 1,959 | 1.13% |
| 1984 | 104,694 | 60.08% | 67,789 | 38.90% | 1,779 | 1.02% |
| 1980 | 83,956 | 53.45% | 54,841 | 34.92% | 18,266 | 11.63% |
| 1976 | 76,614 | 53.98% | 63,949 | 45.06% | 1,363 | 0.96% |
| 1972 | 79,993 | 60.80% | 48,753 | 37.06% | 2,816 | 2.14% |
| 1968 | 56,234 | 54.96% | 40,835 | 39.91% | 5,252 | 5.13% |
| 1964 | 42,583 | 43.31% | 55,036 | 55.98% | 698 | 0.71% |
| 1960 | 44,805 | 52.06% | 40,908 | 47.53% | 348 | 0.40% |
| 1956 | 41,893 | 64.31% | 22,954 | 35.24% | 296 | 0.45% |
| 1952 | 33,964 | 59.38% | 23,164 | 40.50% | 72 | 0.13% |
| 1948 | 16,668 | 47.13% | 18,305 | 51.76% | 391 | 1.11% |
| 1944 | 11,662 | 48.79% | 12,229 | 51.16% | 13 | 0.05% |
| 1940 | 11,999 | 45.35% | 14,428 | 54.53% | 34 | 0.13% |
| 1936 | 7,107 | 31.47% | 15,305 | 67.78% | 170 | 0.75% |
| 1932 | 7,309 | 40.06% | 10,722 | 58.77% | 212 | 1.16% |
| 1928 | 8,725 | 56.99% | 6,572 | 42.92% | 14 | 0.09% |
| 1924 | 7,078 | 49.55% | 6,023 | 42.17% | 1,183 | 8.28% |
| 1920 | 4,969 | 50.53% | 4,808 | 48.90% | 56 | 0.57% |
| 1916 | 2,711 | 52.26% | 2,394 | 46.14% | 83 | 1.60% |
| 1912 | 1,002 | 26.61% | 1,199 | 31.85% | 1,564 | 41.54% |

## Communities

A local toponymic oddity is that the town of Bernalillo, north of Albuquerque, is not actually in Bernalillo County. When established in 1852, the county was named for the town of Bernalillo, which was incorporated into Sandoval County in 1903.
    Bracketed number refers to location on map, right

### Cities

* Albuquerque (3) (county seat)
* Rio Rancho (partial)

### Town

* Edgewood (partial)

### Villages

* Los Ranchos de Albuquerque (1)
* Tijeras (6)

### Census-designated places

* Barton
* Carnuel (9)
* Cedar Crest (5)
* Cedro
* Chilili (8)
* Edith Enclave
* Isleta (7)
* Kirtland AFB
* Manzano Springs (partial)
* North Valley (2)
* Paa-Ko
* Pajarito Mesa
* Paradise Hills
* Ponderosa Pine
* San Antonito
* Sandia Heights
* Sandia Knolls
* Sandia Park
* Sedillo
* South Valley (4)

### Unincorporated communities

* Alameda
* Isleta Pueblo
* Laguna Pueblo
* Sandia Pueblo (partial)
* Zuzax

## Education

There are three school districts in the county:
* Albuquerque Public Schools
* Moriarty Municipal Schools
* Rio Rancho Public Schools
Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) schools:
* Isleta Elementary School
* Albuquerque Indian School (closed)
Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI), a BIE community college, is in an unincorporated area in the county.