OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benjamin Fletcher Wright

Benjamin Fletcher Wright, Jr. (February 8, 1900 – November 28, 1976), was an author and educator who was an authority on United States Constitutional law. He was the President of Smith College and also was a member of the faculties at the University of Texas. and Harvard University, with many works to his credit.

## Early life and education

Wright was born in Austin, Texas, on February 8, 1900. His parents were Benjamin F. and Mary (Blandford) Wright. He had an interest in political science, and government, that developed at an early age, with a particular interest in Thomas Jefferson he acquired in grade school. Wright graduated from the University of Texas in 1921, where he earned a B.A. and M.A. degrees. In 1925 he attended Harvard University where he earned a Ph.D. In 1926, he married Alexa Rhea, whose marriage brought two children.

## Career

Wright taught at the University of Texas from 1922 to 1926. In late 1926 Wright began teaching at Harvard from 1926 until coming to Smith in 1949. While at Harvard, he was the chairman of the Government department and served on the special Harvard Committee on General Education. He was a member of the Harvard faculty: from 1928 to 1940 an assistant professor, from 1940 to 1945 as associate professor and from 1945 to 1949 as a full professor. Wright was one among several authors of the "renowned" report published in 1945 by the Committee entitled, general Education in a Free Society. In 1949 he became the fifth president of Smith College, serving until 1959. After leaving Smith College, Wright she became a fellow for a term of one year at the center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science, at Stanford University in California. In 1950 he returned to the University of Texas as a professor of government where he taught until the year before his death.
"The Office of the President: Benjamin Wright Papers" are in the possession of Smith College Library and are primarily related to his official duty while he served as President of Smith College. The papers consist of correspondence, memoranda, reports, legal documents, speeches, minutes, and newspaper articles.
Wright died on Sunday, November 28, 1976, at his home in Austin, Texas, at the age of 76.

## Works

Wright's works include:
* Wright, Benjamin Fletcher (1938). The Contract Clause Of The Constitution. Harvard University Press.
* —— (1929) A source book of American political theory
* —— (1945). General Education in a Free Society: Report of the Harvard Committee. Harvard University. Committee on the Objectives of a General Education in a Free Society.
* —— (1946). The growth of American constitutional law. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
* —— (1962). American interpretations of natural law, a study in the history of political thought. New York: Russell & Russell. ISBN 978-0-2927-2407-5.
* ——; (ed.) (1962) The Federalist
* —— (1967). Consensus and continuity, 1776-1787. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
* —— (2015) [1973]. 5 Public Philosophies of Walter Lippmann. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
# Richard Kieckhefer

Richard Kieckhefer (born 1946) is an American medievalist, religious historian, scholar of church architecture, and author. He is Professor of History and John Evans Professor of Religious Studies at Northwestern University.

## Education

After an undergraduate education at Saint Louis University, Kieckhefer earned a PhD in history from the University of Texas in 1972, spending a year in Munich at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Institute with the support of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

## Career

Kieckhefer has written on sainthood, medieval ritual magic, witchcraft, medieval and contemporary church architecture, hoopoes, and mystical literature; he has also edited and translated important texts from medieval Latin. He has taught at Northwestern University since 1975. His Magic in the Middle Ages, first published in 1989, has been translated into Spanish, German, Polish, Czech, Italian, and Greek, and is forthcoming in Turkish, Portuguese, and Korean. He was President of the American Society of Church History in 1997 and of the Societas Magica from 1995 to 2004.

## Awards

In addition to the DAAD, his research has been supported by the Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. In 2006, he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Works

* European Witch Trials: Their Foundations in Popular and Learned Culture, 1300–1500 (1976)
* Repression of Heresy in Medieval Germany (1979)
* Magic in the Middle Ages (1989)
* Forbidden Rites: A Necromancer's Manual of the Fifteenth Century (1997)
* Theology in Stone: Church Architecture From Byzantium to Berkeley (2004)
* There Once Was a Serpent: A History of Theology in Limericks (2010)
# Game Closure

Game Closure is a Silicon Valley–based technology company which builds post-app store technology.

## History

The company was founded in Silicon Valley in 2011 by American technology entrepreneur, Michael Carter, and his partner, Tom Fairfield. It has since raised $33.5m in venture capital funding. In 2014, Carter co-founded the startup "Hello World"—and sold it in less than three months to Life360 for over $1 million.

## Company details and products

Game Closure is a partner with Rakuten in a joint venture called Rakuten Games, the Tokyo-based content creator that built the RGames HTML5 gaming platform. Carter also sits on the Board of Directors of Rakuten Games.
Game Closure is responsible for creating the game EverWing on Facebook's Instant Games platform, which was named a 2016 Facebook Game of the Year.
# 1903 Danish local elections

Regional elections were held in Denmark in January 1903. 358 municipal council members were elected among the upper class. Furthermore, the middle class elected 3757 sogne (singular sogn) council members, and the upper classes elected 4832 sogne council members.
# Macmillan Cancer Support

Macmillan Cancer Support is one of the largest British charities and provides specialist health care, information and financial support to people affected by cancer. It also looks at the social, emotional and practical impact cancer can have, and campaigns for better cancer care. Macmillan Cancer Support's goal is to reach and improve the lives of everyone affected by cancer in the UK.

## History

The charity was founded 1911 as the Society for the Prevention and Relief of Cancer, by Douglas Macmillan following the death of his father from the disease. In 1924, the name was changed to the National Society for Cancer Relief, which it retained until 1989 when it was changed to Cancer Relief Macmillan Fund, later changed again to Macmillan Cancer Relief. From 5 April 2006, Macmillan Cancer Relief became known as Macmillan Cancer Support, as this more accurately describes its role in supporting people who have cancer. It has adapted the principles of being a "source of support" and a "force for change".
As the National Society for Cancer Relief, the organization provided funding to support the work of the Breast Care and Mastectomy Association of Great Britain, which would later become Breast Cancer Care.
In 2023, Macmillan Cancer Support were listed as the top ranked charity in the United Kingdom in terms of which charities people would be likely to donate to tomorrow, according to YouGov’s UK Charity rankings 2023. It is governed by a Board of Trustees and Executive Management Team.
The charity's head office is based in London. Macmillan Cancer Support merged with cancer information charity Cancerbackup in 2008.
Macmillan works in partnership with other cancer research organisations and is a partner of the National Cancer Research Institute. Macmillan is part of the Richmond Group of Charities, which is a coalition of 14 leading health and social care organisations in the voluntary sector.

## Cancer Support

Macmillan Cancer Support supports local information and support centres, cancer support groups, benefits advisers and cancer support specialists, and can help with practical, medical, financial and emotional support.
Macmillan provides information about cancer through its Information Standard website, free printed and recorded materials, telephone support line and over 170 local cancer information and support services nationwide.
In 2023, their services reached and supported an estimated 2.3 million people affected by cancer.

## Events

Macmillan hosts a series of annual fundraising events, which include running, golf, swimming, and cycling events. The most notable event is the World's Biggest Coffee Morning, which made £16.8 million in 2023, compared to £13.7 million in 2022. Macmillan also hosts other large fundraisers, including Brave the Shave, which raises over £4,000,000 each year, as well as their Mighty Hikes series, which raised £12.3 million in 2023, compared to £11.2 million in 2022.
# Konary, Środa Śląska County

Konary (German: Kuhnern) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Udanin, within Środa Śląska County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Udanin, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Środa Śląska, and 47 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Black Front (Netherlands)

The Black Front (Dutch: Zwart Front), later known as the National Front (Nationaal Front) was a Dutch irredentist and fascist movement active before and during the first years of the Second World War.

## Party history

The Black Front grew out of the southern section of the General Dutch Fascist League, with regional organiser Arnold Meijer quarrelling with leader Jan Baars and leading his followers out in 1934. The Black Front emerged and soon took over a number of smaller movements, while also gaining some support among the poorer parts of society. Although similar to its parent movement, the Black Front emphasised a more Catholic line in tune with Meijer's own religious beliefs. Taking its cue in part from Italian fascism, it adopted that movement's black-shirted uniform while adding a unique emblem featuring a sword between a pair of ram horns.
As a revolutionary fascist party, the small organisation was fiercely anti-capitalist and often came into contact with the justice system. Meijer was convicted multiple times of ignoring the ban on political uniforms and insulting government officials, including Prime Minister Colijn. In 1938, the Black Front leader spent three months in the prison of Breda for insulting Prime Minister Colijn and Minister Van Schaik. The party also had a paramilitary wing named the Black Storm (Zwarte Storm).
The group struggled to gain support from the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB); it was renamed the National Front in 1940. The National Front was ultimately banned by Nazi Germany on 14 December 1941, along with all other Dutch political parties except for the NSB. The majority of its members switched to the NSB, although Meijer, disillusioned, left politics altogether.

## Members

* Arnold Meijer, party leader;
* Eugène van Wessem, Greater Netherlands ideologue and victim of Nazi persecution;
* Gustav Adolf Larsen, fascist ideologue;
* Jan Derk Domela Nieuwenhuis Nyegaard, Reformed minister and former member of the Council of Flanders.
# Red-headed finch

The red-headed finch (Amadina erythrocephala) (also known as the paradise finch) is a common species of estrildid finch found in Africa. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 1,600,000 km$^2$ (620,000 sq mi). It is found in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Males have vibrant red heads and chests while the females are duller. The resemblance to the cut-throat finch is unmistakable. The red-headed and cut-throat finch are the only members of the genus Amadina. Amadinas with their heavy beaks resemble members of the Lonchura, so they are actually more closely related to the Pytilias such as the Melba finch.

## Taxonomy

The red-headed finch was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Loxia eryocephala, a misspelling of Loxia erythrocephala. The specific epithet combines the Ancient Greek eruthros meaning "red" with -kephalos meaning "headed". Linnaeus based his description on "The Sparrow of Paradise" that had been described and illustrated in 1751 by the English naturalist George Edwards in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. Edwards' specimen had been collected in Angola. This species is now placed with the cut-throat finch in the genus Amadina that was introduced in 1827 by the English naturalist William Swainson. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Behaviour

Often seen in small flocks on dry savannahs, the red-headed finch is a ground feeder which feeds companionably with other species and often visits waterholes. It has a distinctive double-noted chuck-chuck call.
# Centostazioni

Centostazioni S.p.A. (English: 100 Stations) is a subsidiary of Italian holding company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. The company was created to redevelop and manage 103 medium-sized Italian railway stations.

## History

The company was founded in 2001 as Medie Stazioni S.p.A. (English: Medium Stations). A private consortium (Archimede) acquired a 40% stake in 2002. The shareholders in Archimede are Società Aeroporto di Venezia S.p.A. with 40.5%, Manutencoop S.c.a.r.l. with 40.5%, Investimenti Immobiliari Lombardi S.p.A. with 15%, and Pulitori ed Affini S.p.A. with 4%.

## List of Centostazioni stations by region
### Abruzzo

* Chieti
* L'Aquila
* Pescara Centrale

### Apulia

* Barletta
* Brindisi
* Foggia
* Lecce
* Taranto

### Basilicata

* Potenza Centrale

### Calabria

* Catanzaro Lido
* Reggio di Calabria Centrale
* Villa San Giovanni

### Campania

* Benevento
* Caserta
* Napoli Campi Flegrei
* Napoli Mergellina
* Salerno

### Emilia-Romagna

* Cesena
* Faenza
* Ferrara
* Forlì
* Modena
* Parma
* Piacenza
* Ravenna
* Reggio Emilia
* Rimini

### Friuli-Venezia Giulia

* Gorizia Centrale
* Monfalcone
* Pordenone
* Trieste Centrale
* Udine

### Lazio

* Civitavecchia
* Formia
* Orte
* Roma Ostiense
* Roma Trastevere

### Liguria

* Chiavari
* Genova Sampierdarena
* Imperia Porto Maurizio
* La Spezia Centrale
* Rapallo
* Sanremo
* Savona
* Ventimiglia

### Lombardy

* Bergamo
* Brescia
* Como San Giovanni
* Cremona
* Desenzano sul Garda-Sirmione
* Gallarate
* Lecco
* Lodi
* Mantova
* Milano Lambrate
* Milano Porta Garibaldi
* Milano Rogoredo
* Monza
* Pavia
* Sondrio
* Treviglio Centrale
* Varese
* Voghera

### Marche

* Ancona
* Ascoli Piceno
* Macerata
* Pesaro

### Molise

* Campobasso
* Termoli

### Piedmont

* Alessandria
* Asti
* Biella San Paolo
* Cuneo
* Domodossola
* Novara
* Verbania-Pallanza
* Vercelli

### Sardinia

* Cagliari

### Sicily

* Catania Centrale
* Messina Centrale
* Messina Marittima

### Tuscany

* Arezzo
* Grosseto
* Livorno Centrale
* Lucca
* Massa Centro
* Pisa Centrale
* Pistoia
* Prato Centrale
* Siena

### Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

* Bolzano
* Rovereto
* Trento

### Umbria

* Assisi
* Foligno
* Perugia
* Terni

### Aosta Valley

* Aosta

### Veneto

* Belluno
* Castelfranco Veneto
* Padova
* Rovigo
* Treviso Centrale
* Vicenza
# Jocelyn Joe-Strack

Jocelyn Joe-Strack, (Daqualama Da-kal-a-ma Aishihik First Nation) is an Indigenous Canadian scientist.

## Education

She earned a degree in microbiology and biochemistry from the University of Victoria, and a Master's degree in Northern Resources and Environmental Studies from the University of Northern British Columbia. She pursued a PhD at the University of Saskatchewan's School of Environment and Sustainability. In 2017 she was one of three indigenous PhD students at the University of Saskatchewan to be awarded the Vanier Scholarship, a $150,000 scholarship over three years. Joe-Strack's PhD research looked at a traditional land use plan.

## Career

She is a microbiologist, and hydrologist at Yukon University, where she is research chair in Indigenous Knowledge.
In early 2019 Joe-Strack was invited by a Canadian diplomat on a four-week speaking tour of embassies in Berlin, Madrid, Paris, and Stockholm, where she discussed indigenous approaches to climate change.
She was selected for a TikTok accelerator program in late 2021.
In 2022 Joe-Strack attended COP27, where she spoke on several panels. In November 2022 she was also elected to the Yukon First Nations School Board.

## Personal life

Joe-Strack is a member of the Wolf Clan of Champagne and Aishihik First Nations. She speaks Southern Tutchone.
Her father, Willie Joe (d. 1997), was a member of the Yukon Native Brotherhood's executive council, which later became part of the Council of Yukon First Nations. In this role, he helped to negotiate the Umbrella Final Agreement. Joe-Strack's mother died in 2010.
Joe-Strack has one daughter.
# Hawley Lane Mall

Hawley Lane Mall is one of two shopping malls in Trumbull, Connecticut, United States, located near Exit 8 of Route 8 and Exits 51-52 of the Merritt Parkway. Current anchor stores include Best Buy, Kohl's, and Target.

## History

Hawley Lane Mall opened in 1971 with two anchor stores, Caldor (featuring a two-story design and belt escalators) and a Waldbaum's supermarket. Other, smaller stores such as B. Dalton booksellers and Hawley Lane Shoes have also called the mall home. A third anchor store, Sage-Allen took up residence on the mall's new upper level in 1982. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the mall became less profitable due to expansions at both the Milford Crossroads & Trumbull Shopping Park malls. Sage-Allen went out of business in 1993, merging with to become Filene's, which in turn closed the Hawley Lane store so as not to compete with its larger locations in both Milford and Trumbull. Steinbach then took over the space between 1997 and 1999 before they went bankrupt. Caldor also went bankrupt in 1999, while at the same time all Waldbaum's stores closed and left the state. This left the mall with no anchor stores.

### Sale and new era

Shortly after purchasing the mall, National Realty and Development Corp. spent $8 million on a refit of the entire property in 2005. The firm also managed to add Kohl's and then HomeGoods as new anchor stores, which were quickly followed by Target and Best Buy. Target broke ground in late 2004, and at 124,500 square feet (11,570 m$^2$), it represents one fourth of the mall's size.
In October 2023, it was announced that HomeGoods would be relocating to a new location in a former Bed Bath & Beyond in Shelton. The new store opened on October 26, 2023.
In March 2024, it was announced that Ross Dress For Less would be opening a new location in the old HomeGoods space. This would mark Connecticut's first Ross location. The store is set to open later this year.

## Transportation

Bus transportation is available via the Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority, along with taxi service.
# 1939 Salvadoran presidential election

Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 3 January 1939. Maximiliano Hernández Martínez was the only candidate, and won unopposed.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Maximiliano Hernández Martínez | National Pro Patria Party | 210,810 | 100.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 210,810 | 100.00 |
| Source: UC San Diego |||||
# Nathaniel Clements

Nathaniel Clements (1705 – May 1777) was an Irish politician and financial figure, important in the political and financial administration of Ireland in the mid-18th century.

## Early history

Clements was the fifth son of Robert Clements (1664–1722). He married Hannah Gore, daughter of William Gore, D.D., Dean of Down, on 31 January 1730.

## Career

Clements became Member of Parliament (MP) for Duleek in 1727 under the patronage of Luke Gardiner, a powerful political and business figure in Dublin. He commenced as a junior at the Irish Treasury in 1720 and held extensive offices there. He became the main financial manager of the British and Irish Government in Ireland during the period, and was de facto Minister for Finance from 1740 to 1777. He assumed the offices of Deputy Vice-Treasurer and Deputy Paymaster General on Gardiner's retirement in 1755. In 1761, Clements was returned for Cavan Borough in, holding this seat until 1768. In this year, he was elected for Roscommon as well as County Leitrim, and chose to sit for the latter. In 1776, Clements stood for again for Cavan Borough as well as Carrick and represented the latter constituency until his death in 1777.

## Property development

Clements was appointed by King George II to the office of Chief Ranger of the Phoenix Park and Master of Game and built the Ranger's lodge (subsequently the Viceregal Lodge) to his own design in 1751. He had an extensive property portfolio, including Abbotstown, County Dublin, estates in County Leitrim and County Cavan. He was a developer of property in Georgian Dublin, including part of Henrietta Street where he lived at No. 7 from 1734 to 1757, and Sackville Mall (now Upper O'Connell Street).
He was one of the richest commoners in Ireland, notwithstanding his involvement in a failed banking venture in 1759.

## Charitable activities

Clements was involved in many charitable activities including Dr Steevens' Hospital, the Erasmus Smith Educational Foundation, the Royal Hospital Kilmainham for retired soldiers, and others.

## Family

Nathaniel Clements and Hannah Gore had six children:
* Robert Clements (1732–1804), created Earl of Leitrim in 1795, elected as an Irish representative peer in 1800
* Rt. Hon. Henry Theophilus Clements, MP
* Elizabeth, m. 1750, Francis Burton, second Baron Conyngham
* Hannah, m. 1752, George Montgomery, Ballyconnell, MP
* Catherine, m. Eyre Massey, 1st Baron Clarina
* Alice, m. 1773, Gen. Sir Ralph Gore, sixth Baronet, created Earl of Ross.
# Alex McColl

Alexander Boyd "Red" McColl (March 29, 1894 – February 6, 1991) was an American professional baseball pitcher who appeared in 46 games in Major League Baseball for the Washington Senators in 1933 and 1934. The native of Eagleville, Ohio, pitched in Organized Baseball for 26 years, from 1915 to 1925 and 1927–1941. McColl made his MLB debut at the age of 39, one of eight pitchers in MLB history to debut at 39 or older. A right-hander, McColl was listed as 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall and 178 pounds (81 kg).
McColl had played for 18 seasons in the minor leagues before making his major league debut with pennant-bound Washington on August 29, 1933 by throwing 31⁄3 innings of shutout relief against the Cleveland Indians. In his fifth career game, McColl recorded two perfect innings in Game 2 of the 1933 World Series against the New York Giants, retiring Hall of Famers Mel Ott and Travis Jackson in the process.
His 46 American League games pitched included three starts. He posted a 4–4 won–lost record and a 3.70 earned run average, with two complete games and three saves. In 119 innings pitched, he allowed 142 hits and 43 bases on balls, and registered 34 strikeouts.
In 862 minor-league games and 5,262 innings pitched, McColl went 332–263 (3.42) over his long career, and served as a player-manager in the Washington organization.
# Rodrigo de Bastidas y Rodriguez de Romera

Rodrigo de Bastidas y Rodriguez de Romera (died 1570) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the second Bishop of Puerto Rico (1541–1567) and the first Bishop of Coro (1531–1532).

## Biography

Rodrigo de Bastidas y Rodriguez de Romera was born in Santo Domingo. On June 21, 1531, and confirmed by Pope Clement VII as the first Bishop of Coro. On June 30, 1532, he was consecrated bishop by Francisco Mendoza, Bishop of Zamora. On July 6, 1541, he was appointed by Pope Paul III as the second Bishop of Puerto Rico. On May 6, 1567, he resigned as Bishop of Puerto Rico. He died in 1570.
He was the principal consecrator of Alfonso de Fuenmayor, the fifth Bishop of Santo Domingo.