OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Directorate of Civil Resistance

Directorate of Civil Resistance (Polish Kierownictwo Walki Cywilnej, short KWC) was one of the branches of the Polish Government Delegate's Office during World War II. Its main tasks were to maintain the morale of the Polish society, encourage passive resistance, report German atrocities and cruelties to the Polish Government in Exile, and to organize sabotage. In addition, it was responsible for the law and justice in occupied Poland.
It organized trials of traitors, collaborators and provocateurs as well as the most cruel members of the Wehrmacht, Gestapo and SS. The verdicts varied from boycott, fines, and lash to capital punishment. The trials were carried out by civil Underground court and the verdicts were enforced by the Państwowy Korpus Bezpieczeństwa. From 1942 on, the KWC also prosecuted crimes such as theft, rape, and murder.
The KWC was headed by Stefan Korboński. In 1943 it was joined with Directorate of Covert Resistance and formed the Directorate of Underground Resistance.
# Mitchell Todd

Mitchell Todd (15 March 1991 – 15 August 2012) was a Scottish rugby union player who played at lock for Nottingham. Todd died following a car accident near Normanton-on-the-Wolds on 15 August 2012. Nottingham released a statement confirming his death.
He completed a degree in Sports Therapy at the University of Coventry and previously played for Leicester Lions.
# Katharsis (video game)

Katharsis (also known as Blaster!) is a horizontally scrolling shooter from Polish developer Metropolis Software House and published by CD Projekt in 1997.

## Plot

In the year 2616, a ship leaves Earth and 18 months later the planet loses contact with the vessel. In 4720 AD, Earth is attacked by a foreign ship and the player is one of the few survivors. Their mission is to protect a bomb that will be used to destroy the enemy base.

## Development

Led by Polish developer Adrian Chmielarz, the team aimed to combine classical mechanisms for scrolling shooters with the increase in capabilities of IBM PC compatibles of the late twentieth century. The Polish premiere of the game took place on March 1, 1997; the game received online and television press and a competition was created. It had a US premiere on June 6, 1997.

## Reception

Meristation called the graphics and sound "novel". The AV Vault thought the game put more attention into its graphics than its controls. MerixStudio felt the game was surprisingly deep, complex and mysterious, and a notable example of Polish developers entering the side-scrolling market.
# Directorate of Covert Resistance

Directorate of Covert Resistance (Polish Kierownictwo Walki Konspiracyjnej, short KWK) was one of the departments of the Armia Krajowa Headquarters created in Poland in 1942 during World War II. Its main task was commanding the so-called current fight. It included propaganda, organization of self-defence units, sabotage and diversion.
It was headed personally by the commander of the Armia Krajowa. The advisory body was composed of the commander of KeDyw, chief of Bureau of Information and Propaganda and an envoy of Directorate of Civil Resistance. In 1943 it was joined with the latter organization and formed the Directorate of Underground Resistance.
# Century Plaza

Century Plaza was an enclosed shopping mall in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Opened in 1975, the mall originally included four anchor stores and more than one hundred tenants, but lost three of those anchors (JCPenney, Belk and Rich's-Macy's) in the mid-2000s. In May 2009, the mall was completely closed as Sears and the rest of the stores in the mall closed. The mall was managed by General Growth Properties of Chicago, Illinois at the time of its closure. It was demolished in 2020 and replaced by a 200,000 square-foot Amazon logistics facility.

## History

Century Plaza opened in 1975 on the eastern side of Birmingham, Alabama, on U. S. Route 78 (Crestwood Blvd.) near Interstate 20, across from the existing Eastwood Mall. The mall's original anchor stores included Sears (which opened in 1974), Rich's, Loveman's of Alabama and JCPenney. Loveman's later was replaced by Pizitz, which in turn became McRae's in 1987.
Rich's was dual-branded as Rich's-Macy's in 2003 when Macy's acquired the Rich's chain. The Rich's-Macy's store at Century Plaza, however, closed after only one year in operation and was never rechristened as "Macy's". A Piccadilly Cafeteria in the mall also closed that same year.
When plans were announced to demolish Eastwood Mall across the street in 2004, two of the mall's tenants (Books-A-Million and Parisian) had announced preliminary plans to relocate to Century Plaza, with the latter taking over the McRae's space. McRae's was eventually converted to Belk in 2006 when the chain was acquired, but closed later that same year. JCPenney also closed in 2006, and many inline tenants began to close as well. In February 2009, it was announced that Sears, the last remaining anchor, would close its store by May 31.

## Anchor stores

North Anchor: JC Penney (1975 - 2006)
East Anchor: Loveman's (1975 - 1980), Pizitz (1980 - 1987), McRaes (1987 - 2006), Belk (2006 - 2006)
South Anchor: Rich's (1975 - 2004)
West Anchor: Sears (1974 - 2009)

## Mall closing

Century Plaza closed at the end of business on May 31, 2009. At the time of its closing, fewer than 40 stores, including Foot Locker, Champs Sports, Finish Line and RadioShack remained open in the mall. General Growth Properties announced that Sears would remain open through June 14 to complete the liquidation of the store.
In December 2017, the Howard Hughes Corporation sold the mall for $3 million to Lumpkin Development, a real estate company based in Pelham, Alabama. Lumpkin said that the Sears store would be converted into a self-storage facility, and that the rest of the mall was available for rent.
In May 2020, it was reported that the site was being considered for development as a last-mile delivery center by Amazon.
As of November 12, 2020, the mall has begun demolition for the Amazon last mile delivery center.
# Kudi Charoenphat

The Kudi Charoenphat (Thai: กุฎีเจริญพาศน์) is a Shia mosque, located in the Yai District of Bangkok, Thonburi, in Thailand. The mosque was built during the reign of King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) by Phraya Chula Ratchamontri II (Akayi) since early Rattanakosin era.

## Overview

The second mosque after Kudi Luang (กุฎีหลวง) is located by Bang Luang Canal, also known as Bangkok Yai Canal side close to Charoenphat Bridge (สะพานเจริญพาศน์). Formerly called Kudi Lang (กุฎีล่าง, "Lower Mosque") because it was located on the south of Kudi Bon (กุฎีบน, "Upper Mosque") which was situated on Chao Phraya River bank close to the Phra Racha Wang Derm (Thonburi Palace), the monastery's name has been changed to the present one since the reign of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) when Charoenphat Bridge was constructed. The Building was built in Manila-styled and gingerbread, decorated with beautiful fretworks.
The Charoenphat area is the most populated quarter of Chao Sen Muslims. The area is annually used by Chao Sen Shia sect Muslims in the religious ceremony during the Muslim month of Muharram.
For the word "Kudi" or "Kadi" (กะดี), as defined by the Royal Institute Dictionary means "The cottage of priest, monk and meaning place of worship of Islam Shia sect".
# Chinese ship Changchun

Multiple ships of the Chinese Navy have been named after Changchun, the capital of Jilin province.
* Chinese destroyer Changchun (103), a Gnevny-class destroyer sold to China
* Chinese destroyer Changchun (150), a Type 052C destroyer
# The King of Crunk & BME Recordings Present: Trillville & Lil Scrappy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The King of Crunk & BME Recordings Present: Trillville & Lil Scrappy is a collaborative and split studio album between BME artists Trillville and Lil Scrappy released by Black Market Entertainment, Reprise Records and Warner Bros. Records on February 24, 2004. The album is certified Gold in the United States by the RIAA. On copies with Trillville on the front cover, the Trillville side appears first and on copies with Lil Scrappy on the cover the Lil Scrappy side appears first.
The first single is "Neva Eva" By Trillville. It was recorded in 2003 and released in November of that year. It was released on CD and also has a music video. The second single is "Some Cut" By Trillville. It was released in 2004 and it has a music video. The third and final single is "No Problem" by Lil Scrappy. It was released in 2004 and has a music video.

## Commercial performance

The King of Crunk & BME Recordings Present: Trillville & Lil Scrappy debuted and peaked at number 12 on the Billboard 200, selling over an estimated 58,000 copies in its first week. The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA for selling over 700,000 copies in America.

## Track listing

Notes Joe Bingo – Co-Produced (track 3), Producer (track 9) Lil Scrappy Side
# Linkage isomerism

In chemistry, linkage isomerism or ambidentate isomerism is a form of structural isomerism in which certain coordination compounds have the same composition but differ in which atom of the ligand is bonded to the metal.
Typical ligands that give rise to linkage isomers are:
* cyanide, CN$^−$ – isocyanide, NC$^−$
* cyanate, OCN$^−$ – isocyanate, NCO$^−$
* thiocyanate, SCN$^−$ – isothiocyanate, NCS$^−$
* selenocyanate, SeCN$^−$ – isoselenocyanate, NCSe$^−$
* nitrite, NO−2
* sulfite, SO2−3
An example of chemicals that are linkage isomers is violet-colored [(NH$_3$)$_5$Co-SCN]$^{2+}$ and orange-colored [(NH$_3$)$_5$Co-NCS]$^{2+}$. The isomerization of the S-bonded (isothiocyanate) isomer to the N-bonded (thiocyanate) isomer occurs by an intramolecular rearrangement.
The complex cis-dichlorotetrakis(dimethylsulfoxide)ruthenium(II) (RuCl$_2$(dmso)$_4$) exhibits linkage isomerism of dimethyl sulfoxide ligands due to S- vs. O-bonding. Trans-dichlorotetrakis(dimethylsulfoxide)ruthenium(II) only exists as a single linkage isomer.

## History

Linkage isomerism was first noted for nitropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride, [Co(NH$_3$)$_5$(NO$_2$)]$^{2+}$. This cationic cobalt complex can be isolated as either of two linkage isomers. In the yellow-coloured isomer, the nitro ligand is bound through nitrogen. In the red linkage isomer, the nitrito is bound through one oxygen atom. The O-bonded isomer is often written as [Co(NH$_3$)$_5$(ONO)]$^{2+}$. Although the existence of the isomers had been known since the late 1800s, only in 1907 was the difference explained. It was later shown that the red isomer converted to the yellow isomer upon UV-irradiation. In this particular example, the formation of the nitro isomer (Co-NO$_2$) from the nitrito isomer (Co-ONO) occurs by an intramolecular rearrangement.
# Vitali Egorov

Vitaliy Viktorovych Yehorov or Vitali Egorov (Ukrainian: Віталій Вікторович Єгоров, born 23 March 1964) is a former competitive figure skater for the Soviet Union. He is the 1986 Skate Canada International champion, the 1986 Nebelhorn Trophy champion, the 1979 World Junior champion, a two-time (1983, 1987) Winter Universiade silver medalist, and the 1984 Soviet national champion.
Egorov was one of the first skaters in the world to land a triple Axel jump, performing it in April 1981, at the USSR Cup competition in Sverdlovsk, where he won the bronze medal. In March 1982, he won the 5th USSR Winter Spartakiada. He is a coach in Kharkiv.

## Results

International :
| Event | 78–79 | 79–80 | 81–82 | 82–83 | 83–84 | 84–85 | 85–86 | 86–87 |
| Europeans | | | | | 7th | | | |
| Skate Canada | | | | | | | | 1st |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | | | | | | | | 1st |
| Moscow News | | | 3rd | | | | 3rd | 2nd |
| Prague Skate | 4th | | | | | | | |
| Universiade | | | | 2nd | | | | 2nd |
| International: Junior ||||||||||
| Junior Worlds | 1st | 2nd | | | | | | |
| National ||||||||||
| Soviet Champ | | | | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 3rd |
# Kuwait at the 2025 Asian Winter Games

Kuwait competed at the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin, China, from February 7 to 14.
The Kuwaiti team consisted of 25 athletes. During the opening ceremony, hockey player Mohammed Al Duaij and curler Fatema Abdulateef were the country's flagbearers.

## Competitors

The following table lists the Kuwaiti delegation per sport and gender.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Alpine skiing | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Curling | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Freestyle skiing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ice hockey | 20 | 0 | 20 |
| Total | 24 | 1 | 25 |

## Alpine skiing

Kuwait entered two male alpine skiers.
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Faris Al Obaid | Men's slalom | 1:23.90 | 45 | 1:21.72 | 39 | 2:45.62 | 39 |
| Abdulrahman Al Wahibi | Men's slalom | 1:21.34 | 44 | 1:18.52 | 38 | 2:39.86 | 38 |

## Curling

Kuwait entered two curlers.

### Summary

| Team | Event | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Qualification | Semifinal | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Team | Event | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Rank | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Rank |
| Fatema Abdulateef Saud Alkandari | Mixed doubles | Mongolia W 6–5 | Thailand L 3–12 | Chinese Taipei L 3–13 | Hong Kong L 2–11 | Japan L | 5 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | 10 |

### Mixed doubles tournament

Kuwait entered a mixed doubles pair. Abdulateef and Alkandari finished fourth in their group in the preliminary stage.

#### Round robin

| Group A | Athletes | W | L | W–L | PF | PA | EW | EL | BE | SE | DSC |
| Japan | Tori Koana / Go Aoki | 5 | 0 | – | 49 | 8 | 21 | 5 | 0 | 15 | 57.23 |
| Hong Kong | Ling-Yue Hung / Martin Yan | 4 | 1 | – | 46 | 26 | 19 | 17 | 0 | 8 | 56.68 |
| Chinese Taipei | Chou Yi-hsuan / Liu Bor-kai | 3 | 2 | – | 44 | 25 | 20 | 14 | 0 | 9 | 65.56 |
| Thailand | Chanatip Sonkham / Teekawin Jearateerawit | 2 | 3 | – | 29 | 46 | 14 | 20 | 0 | 7 | 142.12 |
| Kuwait | Fatema Abdulateef / Saud Alkandari | 1 | 4 | – | 14 | 41 | 12 | 17 | 0 | 4 | 197.23 |
| Mongolia | Enkhzaya Ganbat / Bayar Bulgankhuu | 0 | 5 | – | 16 | 52 | 11 | 24 | 0 | 2 | 134.74 |
# Bert Blue

Bird Wayne "Bert" Blue (December 9, 1877 – September 2, 1929) was an American professional baseball catcher.

## Career

He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for one season with St. Louis Browns and Philadelphia Athletics. For his career, he compiled a .286 batting average in 42 at-bats, with two runs batted in.

## Early life and Death

He was born in Bettsville, Ohio. He died at age 51 in Detroit, Michigan, where he is buried at Woodlawn Cemetery.
# Muhammad Wajahat

Muhammad Wajahat was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August to November 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 15 December 1970 in Karachi, Pakistan.
He did B.Com. from the Karachi University.

## Political career

He had been associated with Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM since mid-1990s.
He was serving as "joint in-charge" of Korangi town of the MQM before getting elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of MQM from Constituency PS-94 (Korangi Karachi-III) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
He died in on 27 November 2018.
# Imo's Pizza

Imo's Pizza is an American chain of pizza restaurants headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. As of 2020, the company says it has more than 100 restaurants and stores in Missouri, Illinois and Kansas.
As of November 2015, Imo's was ranked the 32nd-largest pizza chain in the United States with gross sales of $93.8 million.
The chain is known for its version of St. Louis-style pizza, which is common in the area and features provel cheese—a combination of cheddar, Swiss, and provolone with a low melting point and gooey texture. The restaurants also sell salads, submarine sandwiches, and desserts, the last including ones that can be made in a pizza oven.

## History

St. Louis residents Ed and Margie Imo, who were devoted Catholics, frequently ordered meat-topped pizzas from local Italian restaurants at 11:30 PM every Friday but had to pick up the pizzas themselves, as no pizza delivery service operated in the city at the time. Recognizing an opportunity, the couple decided to establish a pizza parlor that offered delivery and soon began searching for a location in The Hill neighborhood of St. Louis.
The first Imo's Pizza location opened at the intersection of Thurman Avenue and Shaw Boulevard in 1964 and was one of the first carryout and delivery pizza parlors west of the Mississippi River. Operating with limited resources, the couple purchased a used oven, two refrigerators, and a stove for $75. Ed Imo continued to work as a tile setter during the day while managing pizza preparation in the evenings, introducing the square slice style. Margie Imo handled customer service and food preparation, using a repurposed tackle box as the cash register.
The couple also hired a local chef, who replaced the traditional mozzarella cheese with Provel cheese. As demand for their product increased, Ed Imo sought a reliable supplier for Provel cheese, ultimately acquiring Costa Grocery, which held the distribution rights for the cheese in St. Louis.
Within eight months of opening, the couple began to establish additional locations. In 1979, Imo's began franchising, and by 1985 the chain had expanded to 30 parlors throughout the St. Louis region. Over the years, the menu expanded to include pasta, appetizers, sandwiches, and desserts.
In 2016, Imo's Pizza relocated its corporate headquarters and distribution operations to a new facility in downtown St. Louis, which includes a 72,000-square-foot warehouse and a 10,000-square-foot office space.
# Raphael Magyezi

Raphael Magyezi (born July 27, 1960) is a Ugandan politician. He served as Member of Parliament representing Igara West beginning in 2011. He was appointed in the Cabinet of Uganda as the Minister for Local Government in 2019 by PresidenYoweri Musevenit.

## Early life

He attended Diploma Katigondo Seminary for Religious Studies in 1983. He earned a BSc in Philosophy from the Urban University of Rome in 1984 and National College of Business Studies, Nakawa for Business studies in 1990. He attended Makerere University in 1992 for BSc in Statistics, earning a Certificate in Human Resource Management in 1996. He completed his M.A in Economic and Management from the Makerere University in 1998. In 2004 he went for a diploma course at Diploma Kristiansand College Norway in Local Government Management studies.

## Career

He worked as a statistician planner in Mukono District Local Government from 1991 to 1996. He was Senior Economist Ministry of Local Government from 1997 to 1998 and Secretary General of the Uganda Local Governments Association from 1998 to 2010. He joined the Parliament in 2010 and was appointed Minister of Local Government in 2020.

### 2017 private members bill

He is best known for the introduction of a Private Member Bill for amendments to the Uganda constitution to lift the Presidential age limit after sponsoring the Private Members Bill in 2017.
The bill was tabled by Raphael. The bill amended article 102(b) of the Constitution setting a Presidential age limit of 75 years. After the Legal Committee for consideration approved the bill, the Constitutional Court upheld the amendment, enacted by Amendment No. 2 Act of 2017. The constitutional amendment led the President to appoint him as the Local Government minister in 2019 in appreciation.
A poll found 85% opposed to the change. The poll sampled more than 50,000 citizens in 100 constituencies, numbering 27,503 males and 22,926 females. The Eastern region opposition was about 95% and the North 86%, and 76% came from the Western region. In the Central unit about 66% expressed opposition.

### 2021 elections

Magyezi declared not to contest for 2021 elections, telling the Uganda Radio Network that after 10 years as a member of Parliament, he announced to take a rest from politics but could return in the future. Magyezi did not give a definite reason for taking a break.
# Ogbourne St Andrew

Ogbourne St Andrew is a civil parish and small village in Wiltshire, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Marlborough. The parish is on the banks of the River Og and includes the hamlets of Ogbourne Maizey and Rockley.

## History

Domesday Book of 1086 recorded a relatively large settlement of 71 households at Ocheborne, corresponding to the later manors of St Andrew and St George. Ogbourne Priory was a dependency of Bec Abbey in Normandy from the 12th century until the early 15th; there may have been a priory building in the 13th century but later the priory existed only as a legal name for the administration of the Bec estates in England.

## Parish church

The Anglican Church of St Andrew has 12th-century origins and work from that century survives in the north door (with chevron hoodmould) and details of the arcades; the piscina at the south side is a re-used capital. The chancel (with south door) was built in the 13th century. In the 15th century the west tower was inserted, and the church was re-roofed and the clerestory added.
The tower has a ring of five bells including a tenor cast c.1450. The church was restored by William Butterfield in 1847–49 and was recorded as Grade I listed in 1958. Today the parish is part of the Ridgeway Benefice which also covers Ogbourne St George and Chiseldon.
In the churchyard there is a round barrow, excavated in 1880 by Henry Cunnington.

## Other buildings

Rockley had a chapel of ease in the 13th century, dedicated to St Leonard; it was demolished in the 16th century. A new chapel of All Saints was built in 1872 and closed in 1961.
Rockley Manor dates from the 18th century and is Grade II* listed.

## Former railway

The Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway was built through the Og valley in 1881. Ogbourne station was at Ogbourne St George; a siding at Ogbourne St Andrew was used by the nearby horse stables. The line was closed in 1961.

## Amenities

Local primary-level children usually go to the school in Ogbourne St George or to Marlborough.