OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Strathclyde Institute of Education

The Strathclyde Institute of Education is the education school and part of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.
The Faculty of Education was formed in 1992 when the Jordanhill College of Education (the first institution in Europe to train teachers) made the decision to merge with the University of Strathclyde in order to create a new faculty. The Faculty was launched on 1 April 1993, with long history in the field of training new teacher; however latterly, it also trained education professionals in the arts, community education, physical education, sport and outdoor education, social work and speech and language therapy.
The Faculty of Education was housed at the Jordanhill campus in the west end of Glasgow until 2012. Since relocating to the city centre campus the faculty became the Institute of Education. The Jordanhill campus housed the largest education research library in Scotland. There were two student residences on campus.

## Departments

* Childhood & Primary studies
* Creative & Aesthetic studies
* Curricular Studies
* Education & Professional studies
* Culture, Sport and the Arts
* Glasgow School of Social Work

## Research

The department takes part in ongoing research by assisting staff and students in the various research areas and also by making sure they have been fully trained. The university has a very large library.
Students in the department may get the chance to take part in an international Student exchange program which means they will be travelling to another university in Europe. This is due to the department supporting the studying of students in other countries throughout the world.

### National Centre for Autism Studies

The Faculty is home to the National Centre For Autism studies which was established in 2003. The NCAS comprises three strandse in relation to autism - research, practice and teaching - with a multi-disciplinary staff and visiting professors.

### Childhood and Families

The centre for Childhood and Families Research has been operating in the university since 1999.

## Rankings

The Strathclyde Institute of Education ranks in the top 2 in Scotland and in the top 3 in the UK. It was ranked 2nd in Scotland in the 2024 and The Guardian University Guide. The Institute ranked 2nd in Scotland and 3rd in the UK according to the UK University Rankings 2024 The Good University Guide published by The Times and Sunday Times.
Globally, the Institute was ranked between 351-380 globally in the QS University Subject Rankings for 2023. Also in 2023, Times Higher Education ranked the Institute in 301-400 globally.
# Kopalina, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Kopalina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jelcz-Laskowice, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Jelcz-Laskowice, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Oława, and 29 km (18 mi) east of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Fiona Godlee

Fiona Godlee (born August 4, 1961) was editor in chief of The British Medical Journal from March 2005 until 31 December 2021; she was the first female editor appointed in the journal's history. She was also editorial director of the other journals in BMJ's portfolio.

## Career

Fiona Godlee attended Bedales and Marlborough College boarding schools. She qualified as a doctor in 1985 at the University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, having studied at Trinity College, Cambridge.
She trained as a general physician in London, and is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Since 1990 she has written on a broad range of issues for BMJ, including the impact of environmental degradation on health, the future of the World Health Organization, the ethics of academic publication, and the problems of editorial peer review.
In 1994, she spent a year at Harvard University as a Harkness Fellow evaluating efforts to bridge the gap between medical research and practice. On returning to the UK, she led the development of BMJ Clinical Evidence, which evaluates the best available evidence on the benefits and harms of treatments. In 2000, she moved to Current Science Group to help establish the open access online publisher BioMed Central as Editorial Director for Medicine. In 2003, she returned to the BMJ Group to head up its new Knowledge division. She has served as president of the World Association of Medical Editors (from January 2000 to December 2001) and Chair of the Committee on Publication Ethics (from 2004 on) and is co-editor of Peer Review in Health Sciences. From 2003 to 2005 she was head of BMJ Knowledge. She was editorial director, BioMed Central, Current Science Group.
Godlee was director and member of the board of BMJ, a founder and board member of the Climate and Health Council and on the executive committee for the UK Health Alliance on Climate Change.
At the BMJ she was succeeded by Kamran Abbasi.

## Personal life

She lives in Cambridge with her husband and two children. Her paternal grandmother was born Barbara Lodge, youngest of the six daughters of the physicist Sir Oliver Lodge. On her paternal grandfather's side, she is a great great great grand daughter of Joseph Jackson Lister, pioneer of the compound microscope and father of Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister.
# Zain Qureshi

Makhdoomzada Muhammad Zain Hussain Qureshi (Urdu: مخدوم زادہ محمد زین حسین قریشی) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since February 2024 and previously served in this position from August 2018 to April 2022. He was also a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from July 2022 to January 2023.

## Political career

Qureshi was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Constituency NA-157 (Multan-IV) as a candidate of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
On 27 September 2018, Prime Minister Imran Khan appointed him as Federal Minister for Finance. He served till 10 April 2022, when he resigned from the assembly alongside other PTI members.
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from PP-218 Multan-VI as a candidate of the PTI in the 2022 Punjab provincial by-election. He took oath on 18 July 2022.
He was re-elected to the National Assembly from NA-150 Multan-III as an independent candidate supported by PTI in the 2024 Pakistani general election. He received 126,775 votes and defeated Javed Akhtar, a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)).

## Professional career

In 2009, Qureshi interned as a legislative fellow in the office of U.S. Senator John Kerry. Following his time in the United States, he worked as a relationship manager at MCB Bank from 2009 to 2012.

## Personal life

Qureshi is the son of a former Pakistani foreign minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi.
# Hugo Lapalus

Hugo Lapalus (born 9 July 1998) is a French cross-country skier.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 1 medal (1 bronze)
| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2022 | 23 | 7 | DNF | — | — | Bronze | 7 |
$^a$ Distance reduced to 30 km due to weather conditions.

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 bronze)
| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2021 | 22 | 21 | DNF | — | — | Bronze | — |
| 2023 | 24 | 11 | 16 | 26 | — | 4 | — |

### World Cup
#### Season titles

* 2 titles – (2 U23)
| Season |
| Season | Discipline |
| 2020 | Under-23 |
| 2021 | Under-23 |

#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | U23 | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | Ski Tour 2020 | World Cup Final |
| 2019 | 20 | NC | NC | — | NC | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 21 | 52 | 36 | NC | | — | 36 | — | — |
| 2021 | 22 | 24 | 21 | NC | | 37 | 10 | — | — |
| 2022 | 23 | 27 | 22 | NC | — | — | 15 | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | 26 | 14 | NC | — | — | 12 | — | — |
| 2024 | 25 | 9 | 7 | NC | — | — | | — | — |
| 2025 | 26 | 4 | 2 | NC | — | — | | — | — |

#### Individual podiums

* 4 podiums – (3 WC, 1 SWC)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 2023–24 | 7 January 2024 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 10 km Mass Start F | Stage World Cup | 3rd |
| 2 | 2023–24 | 30 December 2023 – 7 January 2024 | Tour de Ski | Overall Standings | World Cup | 3rd |
| 3 | 2024–25 | 15 December 2024 | Davos, Switzerland | 20 km Individual C | World Cup | 3rd |
| 4 | 2024–25 | 28 December 2024 – 5 January 2025 | Tour de Ski | Overall Standings | World Cup | 3rd |
# Korzeńsko

Korzeńsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żmigród, within Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Korzeńsko is the most populous village in Gmina Żmigród. It lies approximately 50 km (31 mi) north of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Deja Foxx

Deja Foxx (born April 18, 2000) is a reproductive rights activist, political strategist, and blogger known for being the youngest staffer and first Influencer and Surrogate Strategist on U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris's presidential campaign, and for her work with Planned Parenthood.

## Early life and education

Foxx is a Filipino-American who grew up in Tucson, Arizona, where she attended a magnet school. While at school, Foxx worked at a gas station to help support her mother. Foxx was made homeless after her mother could no longer care for her and had to stay at various friends' houses.
Foxx is currently a student at Columbia University on a full scholarship. At Columbia, Foxx made the Dean's List.

## Career and activism

Foxx became involved with Planned Parenthood after using their services as a 15-year-old. When she was 16, she gained wide-spread attention after she attended a town hall and confronted former Senator, Jeff Flake, regarding his views on funding for Planned Parenthood Title X program.
Foxx founded several organizations and platforms on the themes of feminism and reproductive rights. While in school, Foxx also campaigned for better reproductive and sex education in her school district. In 2017, Foxx founded a non-profit that provides training and payment for individuals to run safe-sex clinics called The El Rio Reproductive Health Access Project. The project targets "non-traditional leaders like homeless teens, POC, and teen moms". While at university, Foxx founded GenZ Girl Gang, an online support network for young women.

## Awards

In 2018, Foxx was named in Teen Vogue's 21 under 21 and in the Dazed 100 in 2019.
For her reproductive rights activism, Foxx received Planned Parenthood’s Catalyst for Change Award.
# Kotowice, Wrocław County

Kotowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siechnice, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Święta Katarzyna and 18 km (11 mi) south-east of the regional capital Wrocław.
The village contains a small railroad station. It connects the village with Wrocław, Siechnice, and Jelcz-Laskowice.
The village is one of the place that suffered during the great flood in 1997.
In 2012, Kotowice opened an observation tower. The tower is 40 meters high.
# Kowalowa, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Kowalowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mieroszów, within Wałbrzych County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Mieroszów, 14 km (9 mi) south of Wałbrzych, and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Omphalora

Omphalora is a fungal genus in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Omphalora arizonica, a foliose lichen found in North America.

## Taxonomy

The genus Omphalora was established in 1990 by Thomas Hawkes Nash III and Josef Hafellner to accommodate Omphalodium arizonicum, which had previously been classified under various genera including Omphalodium, Parmelia, and Lecanora. The type species is Omphalora arizonica.
Omphalora is distinguished from related genera like Omphalodium, Rhizoplaca, and Xanthomaculina by several key characteristics:
* Morphology: The thallus has rounded ridges (less than 1 mm high) and small pseudocyphellae centered in papillae. The lower surface features irregular sharp-edged ridges and distinctive finger-like outgrowths.
* Anatomy: The upper cortex is prosoplectenchymatous, with strongly developed radial support tissue in the medulla. The genus shows Type III development of radial support tissue.
* Chemistry: The upper cortex contains usnic acid and lacks brown pigments, while the cell walls contain isolichenin. The medulla contains norstictic acid.
* Reproductive structures: The asci lack both outer and inner flaps during spore discharge, unlike related genera. The pycnidia have blue-green to green-black ostioles.
While originally suggested to belong in the Umbilicariaceae due to its umbilicate growth form, Omphalora is now placed in the Parmeliaceae based on its lecanorine apothecia and other developmental characters. It represents a geographically restricted genus found only in upper montane conifer forests of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico in North America.
The generic name combines elements suggesting its umbilicate growth form and relationship to other similar lichen genera.

## Habitat and distribution

Omphalora arizonica is endemic to the southwestern United States, where it is restricted to high-elevation areas in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. Unlike its widespread relative Rhizoplaca, which can be found worldwide, O. arizonica occupies a comparatively small geographic range. The species occurs in upper montane environments within mixed conifer forest ecosystems. It grows on exposed rocky outcrops at elevations ranging from approximately 2,750 to 3,500 m (9,020 to 11,480 ft). Collection sites include the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona, the Sandia Mountains and Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico, and areas near Creede, Colorado. The species has been documented growing on various rock substrates including volcanic rock and rhyolite.
This lichen's specific habitat requirements, which combine high elevation, exposed rock surfaces, and the particular environmental conditions of southwestern mountain ranges, make it a characteristic species of the American Southwest's montane environments. Its distribution pattern suggests an adaptation to the distinct climatic conditions found in these upper elevation mixed conifer forests.
# Koziniec, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Koziniec is a village (former city) in the administrative district of Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Ząbkowice Śląskie and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Kozłów, Bolesławiec County

Kozłów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolesławiec, within Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 19 km (12 mi) north of Bolesławiec, and 106 km (66 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
The Kozłow Desert is located near the village.
# Noopja

Nduwimana Jean Paul, commonly known as Noopja (/ŋoʊpjɑː/; born August 7, 1983 in Rusizi, Rwanda, to Daniel Baranzira and Therese Mukamazimpaka) is a Rwandan recording artist, entrepreneur, writer and founder of record label called Country Records. Noopja is the founder of East African leading recording studio 'Country Records', the founder of Rwandan radio station 105.7 FM Country FM and director of 'Necessary Generation', a local non-governmental organization that helps vulnerable youth from different corners of Rwanda.

## Early life and career

Nduwimana Jean Paul, born on August 7, 1983, in the Gitambi sector of Nyarugenge District, located in the Kigali City capital of Rwanda. He is the third-born child in a family of seven, son to Mukamazimpaka Therese and Baranzira Daniel. His siblings include KOZZE, a notable Rwandan music producer. Noopja's passion for music was ignited by his mother, who served as a church drummer and was known for her devotion to praying and singing each morning at home. This early exposure to music and rhythm laid the foundation for his future career in the music industry.Facing challenges with the recording studios he initially worked with, He decided to establish his own recording studio, Country Records. His goal was to create a supportive and respectful environment for artists, ensuring they received the recognition and assistance they deserved.
In addition to founding Country Records, Noopja launched Country FM. His vision for the radio station was to provide a platform that focuses on the youth, promotes their talents, and offers them opportunities to showcase their abilities. Through these initiatives, he has made significant contributions to the Rwandan music scene and continues to inspire and support young artists in his community.
# Siple Island

Siple Island (/ˈsaɪpəl/ SIGH-p'l) is a 110 km (68 mi) long snow-covered island lying east of Wrigley Gulf along the Getz Ice Shelf off Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. Its centre is located at 73°51′S 125°50′W﻿ / ﻿73.850°S 125.833°W﻿ / -73.850; -125.833.
Its area is 6,390 km$^2$ (2,467 sq mi) and it is dominated by the dormant shield volcano Mount Siple, rising to 3,110 m (10,203 ft) — making Siple the 15th ranking island in the world in terms of maximum elevation.
The feature was first indicated as an island on U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maps compiled from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–65.Island was visited by USCG Icebreaker, Polar Sea, in 1984 during Operation Deep Freeze. USCG serviceman, James F. Woodruff, was first to record footing on the island.
The island and the mountain were named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1967 in honour of the American Antarctic explorer Paul A. Siple (1909–1968), a member of Admiral Byrd's expeditions.

## Geographic features

* The Blob - mound-shaped knoll
* Recely Bluff - bluff on northeast slope of Mount Siple.
# In Silence We Yearn

In Silence We Yearn is the second studio album by the Swedish post-rock band Oh Hiroshima, self-released digitally in November 2015. The album was re-released on CD on 1 July 2016 by Fluttery Records and on vinyl on 2 December by Napalm Records. In December 2016, American webzine Somewherecold ranked In Silence We Yearn No. 9 on their "Somewherecold Awards 2016" list.

## Personnel

* Jakob Hemström – guitars and vocals
* Leif Eliasson – guitars
* Oskar Nilsson – drums
* Simon Axelsson – bass guitar
# Joga Pradīpikā

The Joga Pradīpikā (जोगप्रदीपिका, "A Small Light on Yoga") is a hatha yoga text by Ramanandi Jayatarama written in 1737 in a mixture of Hindi, Braj Bhasa, Khari Boli and forms close to Sanskrit. It presents 6 cleansing methods, 84 asanas, 24 mudras and 8 kumbhakas. The text is illustrated in an 1830 manuscript with 84 paintings of asanas, prepared about a hundred years after the text.

## Topics

The Joga Pradīpikā covers a broad range of topics on yoga, including the nature of the yogic subtle body, preliminary purifications, yogic seals (mudrās), asanas, prānāyāma (breath-control), mantras, meditation, liberation (moksha), and samādhi.
One of the purifications in the text is the mulashishnasodhana, "the cleansing of the anus and the penis", which calls for water to be drawn into the anus and squirted out through the penis, which James Mallinson and Mark Singleton gloss as "a feat which is, of course, anatomically impossible."
Prānāyāma is stated to result in liberation, on its own, though some of its breath-control techniques also use mantras. The Joga Pradīpikā however asks the yogi to stay on as a physical body to serve the Lord, rather than choosing liberation.
The Joga Pradīpikā conflates the mudrās with asanas by describing the mahāmudrā as one of its 84 asanas. Like other late texts, it describes a relatively large number of mudrās, 24 in all.
On meditation, the text reworks the Bhagavata Purana's meditation of the goddess Sītā and the god Rāma. On samādhi, the yogi reaches it by the "bee cave" in the sahasrara chakra, the "thousand-petalled lotus", with an unending "unstruck sound".

## Asanas

The description of 84 asanas occupies 314 out of 964 verses in the 1737 version. Most of the asanas are said to bring therapeutic benefits; all of them ask the practitioner to direct the gaze (drishti) at the point between the eyebrows or at the end of the nose.
The 84 asanas described and illustrated in the 1830 document include some that are widely practised in modern yoga, but its selection differs markedly from that in other hatha yoga texts such as the Hatha Ratnavali. Many of the illustrated poses are seated asanas used for meditation, including the ancient Padmasana and Siddhasana, both of which appear twice in the set of illustrations. The number 84 is symbolic rather than literal, indicating that a set is complete and sacred.
* 1 Svastikasana
* 2 Padmasana
* 7 Paschimottan­asana
* 16 Mayurasana
* 17 Kapali asana
* 22 Gorakshasana
* 29 Viparita Karani
* 66 Narasimh­asana
* 81 Kurmasana
* 84 Siddhasana
# Miracle Octad Generator

In mathematics, the Miracle Octad Generator, or MOG, is a mathematical tool introduced by Rob T. Curtis for studying the Mathieu groups, binary Golay code and Leech lattice.

## Description

The Miracle Octad Generator is a 4x6 array of combinations describing any point in 24-dimensional space. It preserves all of the symmetries and maximal subgroups of the Mathieu group M$_{24}$, namely the monad group, duad group, triad group, octad group, octern group, sextet group, trio group and duum group. It can therefore be used to study all of these symmetries.

## Golay code

Another use for the Miracle Octad Generator is to quickly verify codewords of the binary Golay code. Each element of the Miracle Octad Generator can store either a '1' or a '0', usually displayed as an asterisk and blank space, respectively. Each column and the top row have a property known as the count, which is the number of asterisks in that particular line. One of the criteria for a set of 24 coordinates to be a codeword in the binary Golay code is for all seven counts to be of the same parity. The other restriction is that the scores of each column form a word in the hexacode. The score of a column can be either 0, 1, ω, or ω-bar, depending on its contents. The score of a column is evaluated by the following rules:
* If a column contains exactly one asterisk, it has a score of 0 if it resides in the top row, 1 if it is in the second row, ω for the third row, and ω-bar for the bottom row.
* Simultaneously complementing every bit in a column does not affect its score.
* Complementing the bit in the top row does not affect its score, either.
A codeword can be derived from just its top row and score, which proves that there are exactly 4096 codewords in the binary Golay code.

## MiniMOG

John Horton Conway developed a 4 × 3 array known as the MiniMOG. The MiniMOG provides the same function for the Mathieu group M$_{12}$ and ternary Golay code as the Miracle Octad Generator does for M$_{24}$ and binary Golay code, respectively. Instead of using a quaternary hexacode, the MiniMOG uses a ternary tetracode.
# Gloucester County

Gloucester County may refer to:

## Australia

* Gloucester County, New South Wales

## Canada

* Gloucester County, New Brunswick

## United Kingdom

* Gloucestershire, the English county after which the others are named

## United States

* Gloucester County, New Jersey
* Gloucester County, Virginia