OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hassan Nasrallah (businessman)

Sayyid Hassan Hammoud Nasrallah (Arabic: حسن حمود آل نصر الله; December 27, 1881 – October 8, 1959) was an Iraqi nobleman, activist, and businessman.

## Early life

Nasrallah was born into an aristocratic family, that had held a high status in Karbala. His father, Muhammad (Hammoud) Nasrallah (d. October 27, 1901), was the head of the traders of Karbala, in the late Ottoman era, and his mother, Amina Thabit (d. 1919), was the granddaughter of Muhammad-Ali Thabit (d. 1817), the 10th saden of the Al-Abbas Shrine, as well as the great-granddaughter of Dowlatshah. He was the fourth of ten siblings. His parents respectively hail from the noble families of Al Faiz and Al Zuhayk, and both claim agnatic descent from Musa al-Kadhim, the seventh Shia Imam. His ancestors on both sides, on some occasions ruled Karbala, and held custodianship of its holy sites.

## Business career

Nasrallah's father died in 1901, and his older brother, Sultan, assumed the family business, and inherited the status of the head of traders. However, Sultan died four years later, and Nasrallah in turn took over. He continued his father's business, and established his own company, selling agricultural products and appliances, some imported from the US and Europe. After his death in 1959, his sons became chairmen of the company and began to further expand the business.

## Political activism

Nasrallah was involved in a number of political movements in Karbala during the first third of the 20th century, being at the forefront of activism, namely against British occupation. In July 1920, he was among other noblemen that revolted against the British and seized the city of Karbala, which was later split into councils, Nasrallah being part of the High Council of Military Affairs. The councils were then disbanded after the death of Mirza Taqi al-Shirazi in August of that year, and a mutasarrif was assigned. However, the local government was short-lived, with the British ending the revolt in October 1920.
Nasrallah continued his activism, by joining his cousin, Muhsin al-Tawil Nasrallah, who lead the Karbala branch of the Iraqi Renaissance Party–a party also made up of noblemen who had been active in their resistance to British occupation. The party was outlawed and closed down by British High Commissioner Percy Cox in the late 1920s.

## Personal life

Nasrallah was married to Muluk Dhiya al-Din (d. 1968), daughter of Murtadha Dhiya al-Din (d. 1938), the 19th saden of the al-Abbas shrine. He had three sons, Nathum, Hashim and Adnan.
He republished the diwan of his ancestor Nasrallah al-Haeri in 1954.

## Death

He died on October 8, 1959 and was buried in one of the Nasrallah family crypts in the al-Abbas shrine.
# Civil Courts Building

The Civil Courts Building is a landmark court building used by the 22nd Judicial Circuit Court of Missouri in St. Louis, Missouri.
The building with its pyramid shaped roof is prominently featured in the center of photos of the Gateway Arch from the Illinois side as its location on the Memorial Plaza is lined up in the middle directly behind the Old Courthouse.
The building was part of an $87 million bond issue ratified by voters in 1923 to build monumental buildings along the Memorial Plaza which also included Kiel Auditorium and the Municipal Services Building. The Plaza and the buildings were part of St. Louis's City Beautiful plan.
It replaced the Old Courthouse as the city's court building and its construction prompted the descendants of the founding father Auguste Chouteau to unsuccessfully sue the city to get the Old Courthouse back since the stipulation was that it was to always be the courthouse.
The pyramid roof on the top was designed to resemble the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It features 32 Ionic columns. Each of the columns have 6 fluted drums, and a cap, and are about 42 feet (13 m) high, 5+1⁄2 feet in diameter. They are made of Indiana limestone.
The roof is made of cast aluminum and is topped by two 12-foot (3.7 m) high sphinx-like structures with the fleur-de-lis of St. Louis adorned on the chests. These sphinx-like creatures were sculpted by Cleveland sculptor, Steven A. Rebeck.
Some architectural elements from the building have been removed in renovations and taken to the Sauget, Illinois storage site of the National Building Arts Center.
During St. Louis PrideFest, the building has lit its columns up in a rotating rainbow pattern. In 2016, the top of the building lit up with 49 purple lights to show solidarity to the victims in the Orlando nightclub shooting. The tradition of Pride started in 2012, when the building was first lit up.
# Matthews Motshwarateu

Matthews Motshwarateu (1958–2001) was a South African track, cross country, and road runner.
In 1978 Matthews Motshwarateu won the South African 5000m championship, setting a new South African record for the event. He retained his title the following year.
Nicknamed 'Loop en Val' (Afrikaans for 'walk and fall') for his awkward style, he set a world 10 km road record of 27:59.3 in Purchase, New York, in 1980. Running for the University of Texas at El Paso, he won the 1981 NCAA Cross Country Championship, defeating teammates; future Olympic bronze medalist Mike Musyoki and reigning Olympic silver medallist in the 5000 metres the year before, Suleiman Nyambui. He won the silver medal in the 10,000 metres at the 1992 African Championships.
He died in Soweto, outside Johannesburg, in 2001 from wounds sustained in a shooting outside his family home in Molapo, Soweto. The culprits have never been apprehended.
Motshwarateu competed for Botswana during the late 1980s as South Africans couldn't compete internationally. He still holds national records in both Botswana and South Africa.
# Gemba

Genba (現場, also romanized as gemba) is a term used in business for the location where value is created, such as a factory floor, construction site, or sales floor.
In lean manufacturing, the most valuable ideas for improvement are thought to occur at the genba where problems are visible. Management teams may go on a gemba walk to look for opportunities to improve the practical shop floor (known as the genba kaizen). Unlike the similar strategy of management by walking around, gemba walks are typically not done randomly, but with a clear frequency, goal, and structure.
Glenn Mazur introduced this term into Quality Function Deployment (QFD, a quality system for new products where manufacturing has not begun) to mean the customer's place of business or lifestyle. The idea is that to be customer-driven, one must go to the customer's gemba to understand his problems and opportunities, using all one's senses to gather and process data.

## Etymology

The word genba is a Japanese term meaning "the actual place" and is used in non-business contexts to refer to crime scenes or topical locations where TV may report. In a movie set, gemba refers to the practice of shooting a scene at the actual location rather than a studio.

## Gemba walk

Toyota executive Taiichi Ohno developed the gemba walk as a way for staff to stand back from day-to-day tasks and walk the floor of their workplace to identify wasteful activities. The objective of gemba walk is to understand the value stream and its problems rather than review results or make superficial comments. Along with Genchi Genbutsu or "Go, Look, See", gemba walk is one of the 5 Lean guiding principles that should be practiced by Lean leaders on a daily basis. The gemba walk, is an activity that takes management to the front lines to look for waste and opportunities to practice gemba kaizen, or practical shopfloor improvement.

## Variations

W. Edwards Deming suggested a similar idea of looking at the system from suppliers, through the entire organization, and to customers. Deming shared the idea during a 1950 visit to Japan. The commonly used models of production associated with lean, such as "value-stream mapping," do not extend to include suppliers, customers, or include a feedback loop to foster continual improvement of the system.
# Cloelia

Cloelia (Ancient Greek: Κλοιλία) was a legendary woman from the early history of ancient Rome.

## Biography

She was one of the women taken hostage by Lars Porsena as a part of the peace treaty which ended the war between Rome and Clusium in 508 BC. Ancient historians present two different stories explaining her escape. The first version of Cloelia's escape recognizes that the female hostages went to the river to bathe. Having persuaded their guards to leave them alone at the river, in order to remain modest, they swam across the river into Roman territory. The second version claims that Cloelia escaped from the Etruscan camp, leading away a group of Roman virgins. According to Valerius Maximus, she fled upon a horse, and swam across the river Tiber through a barrage of hostile darts, thus bringing her band of girls to safety.
When Porsena learnt of their escape, he quickly sent emissaries to Rome demanding her return. However, Porsena soon reconsidered, deciding that her deeds were worthy of admiration equal to that of Horatius Cocles and Gaius Mucius Scaevola. He declared to the Romans that if she were restored to him he would send her back to Rome safe and inviolate, but if his demands were not met he should regard the treaty as broken.
The Romans agreed to the conditions and returned the pledge of peace, as the treaty required. Porsena praised Cloelia on her arrival and, as a reward for her heroism, promised to release half the share of his hostages of her choice. It is said that she selected the young boys, as was unanimously decided by the hostages, since they were particularly at risk of abuse.
Once peace had been established, the Romans celebrated her valour by building a statue of a maiden seated on a horse, set up on the summit of the Via Sacra.

## Cultural depictions

Cloelia has been depicted in several paintings and in the libretto Il trionfo di Clelia (1762) by Pietro Metastasio.
She was also portrayed by Sylvia Syms in the 1961 Italian movie Le Vergini di Roma.
# Art Warren

Arthur Frank Warren (born March 23, 1993) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners and Cincinnati Reds.

## Career
### Amateur career

Warren attended Napoleon High School in Napoleon, Ohio and played college baseball at the University of Cincinnati and Ashland University. He was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 23rd round of the 2015 Major League Baseball draft.

### Seattle Mariners

Warren made his professional debut with the Arizona League Mariners and pitched seven innings for them, giving up three runs and striking out ten. He started 2016 with the Clinton LumberKings and was promoted to the Bakersfield Blaze during the season. In 27 total games between the two teams, he posted an 11–2 record with a 3.17 ERA. He pitched 2017 with Bakersfield where he pitched to a 3–1 record, 3.06 ERA, and 1.28 WHIP in 43 games. After the season pitched in the Arizona Fall League.
In 2018, Warren pitched for the Arkansas Travelers, going 1–2 with a 1.72 ERA in only 15+2⁄3 innings due to injury. He returned to Arkansas to begin 2019, going 2–1 with a 1.71 ERA.
The Mariners selected Warren's contract and promoted him to the major leagues on September 10, 2019. He made his major league debut on September 12 versus the Cincinnati Reds, pitching a scoreless 1⁄3 of an inning.
On October 21, 2020, Warren was claimed off waivers by the Texas Rangers. On December 26, Warren was designated for assignment by Texas.

### Cincinnati Reds

On January 6, 2021, Warren was traded to the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for cash considerations. On August 11, Warren was placed on the 60-day injured list with an oblique injury. In 26 appearances for Cincinnati, he has logged a 1.29 ERA with 34 strikeouts in 21 innings of work.
On May 15, 2022, Warren relieved Hunter Greene in the eighth inning of a no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Warren didn't allow a hit, but he allowed a run on a fielder's choice. The Pirates won the game 1-0 the next half inning, which prevented the no-hitter from becoming official due to the Pirates not needing to bat in the bottom of the ninth. On September 24, it was announced that Warren had undergone surgery to repair UCL damage in his throwing elbow. On November 15, Warren was designated for assignment. On November 18, he was non–tendered and became a free agent.

### New York Yankees

On December 13, 2022, Warren signed a two–year minor league deal with the New York Yankees. He returned to action in 2024, making 28 appearances split between the Single–A Tampa Tarpons and Triple–A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders and accumulating an 8.51 ERA with 35 strikeouts across 30+2⁄3 innings pitched. Warren was released by the Yankees organization on August 3, 2024.
# DXNU-FM

DXNU (107.5 FM), broadcasting as 107.5 Win Radio, is a radio station owned by Mabuhay Broadcasting System and operated by ZimZam Management, Inc. The station's studio and transmitter are located along Broadcast Ave., Shrine Hills, Brgy. Matina Crossing, Davao City. It operates 24 hours a day.

## History

The station began operations on February 1, 1992, as NU 107 with a modern rock format. It was formerly under the ownership of Progressive Broadcasting Corporation. In 2010, it became a relay station of DWNU in Manila. On September 1, 2012, it began airing its own local programming under the Win Radio network.
In 2016, after House Bill No. 5982 was passed into law, Mabuhay Broadcasting System acquired the provincial stations of PBC.
# Virginia's 50th House of Delegates district

Virginia's 50th House of Delegates district elects one of the 100 members of the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. The district is made up of most of Manassas City and some of Prince William County. The representative of the 50th district is Democrat Michelle Maldonado.

## Elections
### 1981

Republican Harry J. Parrish, who had previously served as a Manassas council member, was elected to represent District 50 in 1981, which he did continuously for the following 25 years. His health declined in later years but he nevertheless defeated a 2005 primary challenge, and served until his death on March 28, 2006.

### 2007

In 2006, Republican Jackson Miller was elected to represent the district in a special election to fill the seat following Parrish's death. Miller was reelected four times, generally with about 60% of the vote (with the exception of 2011, when he was unopposed).

### 2017

In the 2017 Virginia's House of Delegates election, Carter defeated Jackson Miller, the incumbent and Republican majority whip of the House of Delegates, 11,360 to 9,510. 9510 was the largest number of votes Miller had ever received in the district; previously Miller's highest total (always sufficient to retain his seat) was 9,500.
Carter, a first-time candidate, decided to run after difficulties dealing with the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission following an injury on the job. His campaign initially coordinated with the Democratic Party, but ceased reporting internal numbers to the Party following what Carter described as security lapses, and the Party withdrew financial support. During the campaign, Miller sent out mailers comparing Carter to Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong.

### 2019

In 2019, incumbent Carter fended off a challenge in the Democratic primary by Manassas City Councilman Mark Wolfe. (Wolfe became a Democrat in 2016, having first been elected to the Manassas City Council as a Republican in 2008 and again in 2012). Carter faced Manassas City Councilman Ian Lovejoy, a Republican, in the general election, and won reelection with 53% of the vote.

## District officeholders

| Years | Delegate | Party | Electoral history |
| January 1982 – March 28, 2006 | Harry J. Parrish | Republican | Died in office |
| January 2007 – January 2018 | Jackson Miller | Republican | Elected in 2006 special to fill vacated seat after Parrish's death; defeated in bid for reelection |
| January 2018 – January 2022 | Lee Carter | Democratic | Lost Democratic Primary to Michelle Maldonado in 2021 |
| January 2022 – present | Michelle Maldonado | Democratic | First elected in 2021 |
# Alexander Pilche

Alexander Pilche was a 13th-century Scottish burgess. He joined with Andrew de Moray during the 1297 uprising in northern Scotland against the administration and overlordship of King Edward I of England. He was the Governor of Inverness Castle on behalf of the English in 1304, before being replaced in 1305 and joining King Robert I of Scotland's campaign in Moray in 1307. As a reward he was appointed Sheriff of Inverness until his death.
Alexander a burgess of Inverness, led a force joining Andrew de Moray at Avoch Castle. Alexander became de Moray's trusted lieutenant. Alexander and de Moray ambushed Sir William fitz Warin who was returning to Urquhart Castle accompanied his retinue, after meeting with Sir Reginald le Chen ordered at Inverness Castle on 25 May 1297. The ambush was set a few miles to the south of Inverness. William fitz Warin was able to escape, with the loss of a number of men and horses to Urquhart Castle. The next day, Sir William awoke to find his castle besieged by de Moray and Alexander, who demanded its surrender. Euphemia, the Countess of Ross unexpectedly arrived on the scene with her retinue. The countess, whose husband was held by King Edward in the Tower of London, advised de Moray and Alexander to surrender. Although her advice was ignored, she did not move against Moray and Alexander, her actions were later commended to the king by Sir William. Moray, with no heavy siege equipment available to him, tried to take the castle in a night attack, resulting in the death of fitz Warin's son Robert, and having failed, was forced to abandon the siege.
Pilche appears to have entered Edward I's peace and was Governor of Inverness Castle, holding the castle on behalf of the English in 1304. He was replaced in 1305 by John de Stirling. During the campaign of King Robert I of Scotland in Moray in 1307, Pilche was an adherent and was instrumental in the fall of Inverness Castle. Alexander was subsequently appointed as the Sheriff of Inverness and held the position until his death.

## Citations

* ↑ Calendar of Documents, ed. J.Bain, vol.2, no.742, pp.176-8.
* ↑ Calendar of Documents, ed. J.Bain, vol.2, no.922, p.239.
* ↑ Maclehose, p. 134.
# 2006 Kuwaiti general election

General elections were held in Kuwait on 29 June 2006. They were the first elections in Kuwait in which women were able to vote and run for office.

## Background

The National Assembly was dissolved by Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah on 21 May 2006 after a month-long stalemate in the Assembly over an electoral reform bill. The government had sought to reduce the number of constituencies from 25 to ten, whilst the opposition favoured reducing the number to five; the reduction was aimed at reducing the effect of gerrymandering.

## Electoral system

Following electoral reforms in May 2005, suffrage was extended to women and all Kuwaiti citizens 21 or older were allowed to vote, except for members of the armed forces.

## Campaign

A total of 253 candidates ran in the elections, including 28 women.

## Results

Although 54% of the eligible voters in Kuwait were women, female voters made up only 35% of the total. Pro-reform candidates were estimated to have won 33 seats, an increase of four from the 2003 elections. No women were elected. An additional 15 members of the cabinet also became members of the National Assembly.
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Islamist candidates | | | 21 | 0 |
| | Pro-government candidates | | | 14 | 0 |
| | Independents | | | 12 | 0 |
| | Liberals | | | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | | | 50 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 310,879 | 99.40 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 1,883 | 0.60 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 312,762 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 340,248 | 91.92 | | |
| Source: IPU ||||||

## Aftermath

The newly elected National Assembly opened on 12 July, with Jassem Al-Kharafi elected Speaker, beating Ahmed Al-Sadoun.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Jassem Al-Kharafi | Independent | 36 | 56.25 |
| | Ahmed Al-Sadoun | Popular Action Bloc | 28 | 43.75 |
| Total | Total | Total | 64 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 64 | 98.46 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 1 | 1.54 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 65 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 65 | 100.00 |
In late July 2006, an electoral reform law was approved, cutting the number of voting constituencies from 25 to five. Although no women were elected to the National Assembly, one woman was appointed to the 16-member cabinet headed by Prime Minister Nasser Al-Sabah.
# English ship Amity (1650)

Amity was a 36-gun fourth rate vessel, formerly belonging to the Commonwealth of England. She was hired by Parliament in November 1649, and later purchased on 18 January 1650, thus renamed. She was commissioned into the Parliamentary Naval Force as Amity. During the First Anglo-Dutch War she partook in the Battle of Portland and the Battle of The Gabbard. Later, after the Restoration in May 1660, she was incorporated into the English Navy. During the Second Anglo-Dutch War she participated in the Battle of Lowestoft, the Four Days' Battle and the St James Day Fight. She was sold on 27 November 1667.
Amity was the first named vessel in the English or Royal Navy.

## Specifications

Her dimensions were 90 feet 0 inches (27.4 metres) keel for tonnage with a breadth of 28 feet 0 inches (8.5 metres) and a depth of hold of 12 feet 0 inches (3.7 metres). Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 375+30⁄94 tons. Her draught was 15 feet 0 inches (4.6 metres).
Her gun armament in 1650 was 36 guns. In 1666 her armament was 38 (wartime)/30 (peacetime) and consisted of twelve culverins, fourteen demi-culverins, twelve sakers. Her manning was 150 personnel and rose to 140/120/100 personnel.

## Commissioned service
### Service in the English Civil War and Commonwealth Navy

She was commissioned into the Parliamentary Navy in 1650 under the command of Captain John Coppin for Scottish Waters. In 1651, she was under Captain Michael Packe (later rear-admiral) with Ayscue in the West Indies. She was in action on 16 August 1652 during which Captain Michael Packe was mortally wounded. Later in 1653 she was under the command of Captain Henry Packe.

#### First Anglo-Dutch War

During the First Anglo-Dutch War she partook in the Battle of Portland on 18 February 1653 as a member of Robert Blake's Fleet. As a member of Blue Squadron, Rear Division she took part in the Battle of the Gabbard on 2–3 June 1653. In February 1654 she took a 20-gun Dutch ship.
She then sailed with Robert Blake's Fleet to the Mediterranean in 1654. She was at Tunis for the Battle of Porto Farina on 4 April 1655. She remained with Robert Blake's Fleet until 1657.

### Service after the Restoration May 1660

Captain John Stoakes was in command from 20 December 1660 to 26 December 1661. Captain John Parker took command on 23 May 1664 and held command until 9 June 1666.

#### Second Anglo-Dutch War

She was at the Battle of Lowestoft as a member of Red Squadron, Rear Division on 3 June 1665. She arrived with Prince Rupert's Squadron at the Four Days' Battle on 4 June 1666 as a member of the Rear Division. She suffered two killed and two wounded. She was at the St James Day Battle as a member of Blue Squadron, Center Division on 25 July 1666. On 28 July 1666 she was under Captain Stephen Pyend until 6 November 1667.

## Disposition

Amity was sold on 27 November 1667.