# Outline of Istanbul

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Istanbul:
Istanbul –

## General reference

* Pronunciation: /ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ IST-an-BUUL, US also /ˈɪstænbʊl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: İstanbul )
* Toponymy: Names of Istanbul
* Common English name(s): Istanbul
* Official English name(s): Istanbul
* Adjectival(s): Istanbulite
* Demonym(s): Istanbulite

## Geography of Istanbul

Geography of Istanbul
* Istanbul is:
** a city
* Population of Istanbul: 14,804,116
* Area of Istanbul: 5,343.02 km$^2$ (2,062.95 sq mi)

### Location of Istanbul

* Istanbul is situated within the following regions:
** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
*** Asia
**** Western Asia (outline)
***** Greater Middle East
****** Turkey (outline)
******* Marmara Region
******** Istanbul Province
* Time zone(s):
** TRT (UTC+03)

### Environment of Istanbul

* Climate of Istanbul

#### Natural geographic features of Istanbul

* Canals in Istanbul
** Istanbul Canal
* Hills in Istanbul
** Seven hills of Istanbul
*** Çamlıca Hill
** Sarayburnu
* Inlets in Istanbul
** Golden Horn
* Islands in Istanbul
** Princes' Islands
* Straits in Istanbul
** Bosporus

### Areas of Istanbul

Districts of Istanbul

#### Urban centers in Istanbul

Urban centers in Istanbul

#### Neighbourhoods in Istanbul

Neighbourhoods of Istanbul
* Fatih
* Galata

### Locations in Istanbul

* Tourist attractions in Istanbul
** Museums in Istanbul
*** Pera Museum
** Shopping areas and markets
*** Grand Bazaar
** World Heritage Sites in Istanbul
*** Historic Areas of Istanbul

#### Ancient monuments in Istanbul

* Column of Constantine
* Column of Marcian
* Column of the Goths
* Forum of Constantine
* Forum of Theodosius
* Hippodrome of Constantinople
** Obelisk of Theodosius
** Serpent Column
** Walled Obelisk
* Milion
* Aqueduct of Valens
* Walls of Constantinople
** Golden Horn Wall
** Propontis Wall
** Sea Walls
** Theodosian Walls
** Walls of Blachernae
** Wall of Constantine
** Walls of Galata

#### Bridges in Istanbul

* Atatürk Bridge
* Bosphorus Bridge
* Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
* Fil Bridge
* Galata Bridge
* Golden Horn Metro Bridge
* Haliç Bridge
* Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge

#### Cultural and exhibition centres in Istanbul

* Atatürk Cultural Center
* Istanbul Congress Center
* Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar International Convention and Exhibition Center

#### Forts in Istanbul

* Anadoluhisarı
* Rumelihisarı
* Yedikule Fortress
* Yoros Castle

#### Fountains in Istanbul

* Fountain of Ahmed III
* Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar)
* German Fountain
* Sultan Mahmut Fountain
* Tophane Fountain

#### Gates in Istanbul

Gates of Istanbul
* Gate of Charisius
* Gate of the Spring
* Xylokerkos Gate

#### Lighthouses in Istanbul

* Ahırkapı Feneri
* Anadolu Feneri
* Fenerbahçe Lighthouse
* Kadıköy İnciburnu Feneri
* Maiden's Tower
* Rumeli Feneri
* Şile Feneri
* Yeşilköy Feneri

#### Monuments and memorials in Istanbul

* Aviation Martyrs' Monument
* Ilhan Selçuk and the Enlightenment Instigators of the Republic Monument
* Istanbul Armenian Genocide memorial
* Monument of Liberty
* Republic Monument

#### Museums and art galleries in Istanbul

Museums in Istanbul
* Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar Literature Museum Library
* Doğançay Museum
* Galatasaray Museum
* Great Palace Mosaic Museum
* İstanbul Archaeology Museums
* Istanbul Aviation Museum
* Istanbul Contemporary Art Museum
* Istanbul Military Museum
* İstanbul Modern
* Istanbul Naval Museum
* Istanbul Postal Museum
* İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum
* İstanbul Toy Museum
* Istanbul Zoology Museum
* Pera Museum
* Sakıp Sabancı Museum
* SantralIstanbul
* Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum

#### Palaces and pavilions in Istanbul

Ottoman palaces in Istanbul
* Aynalıkavak Pavilion
* Beylerbeyi Palace
* Boukoleon Palace
* Cantemir Palace in Istanbul
* Dolmabahçe Palace
* Esma Sultan Mansion
* Hatice Sultan Mansion
* Ihlamur Pavilion
* Khedive's Palace
* Küçüksu Pavilion
* Maslak Pavilion
* Palace of Antiochos
* Palace of Blachernae
* Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
* Topkapı Palace
** Tiled Kiosk
* Yıldız Palace
** Malta Kiosk

#### Parks and gardens in Istanbul

* Avcıkoru Nature Park
* Belgrad Forest
* Emirgan Park
* Fethi Paşa Korusu
* Gülhane Park
* Kartal Park
* Miniatürk
* Taksim Gezi Park
* Yıldız Park

#### Public squares in Istanbul

* Beyazıt Square
* Taksim Square

#### Religious buildings in Istanbul

Mosques in Istanbul
* Arap Mosque
* Balaban Aga Mosque
* Bayezid II Mosque
* Blue Mosque
* Cathedral of the Holy Spirit
* Chora Church
* Church of St. Anthony of Padua
* Church of Saint Benoit
* Church of St. George of Samatya
* Church of Saint Menas of Samatya
* Eski Imaret Mosque
* Fatih Mosque, Istanbul
* Hagia Irene
* Hagia Sophia
* Hagia Triada Greek Orthodox Church
* Little Hagia Sophia
* Manastır Mosque
* Monastery of Stoudios
* New Mosque
* Nuruosmaniye Mosque
* Ortaköy Mosque
* Pammakaristos Church
* Rüstem Pasha Mosque
* St. George's Cathedral
* Süleymaniye Mosque
* Yavuz Selim Mosque
* Zeyrek Mosque

#### Secular buildings in Istanbul

* Basilica Cistern
* Basketmakers' Kiosk
* Caferağa Medrese
* Çiçek Pasajı
* Diamond of Istanbul
* Florya Atatürk Marine Mansion
* Grand Post Office
* Istanbul Aquarium
* Istanbul Justice Palace
* Istanbul Sapphire
* Mısır Apartment
* Sabancı Center
* Süleymaniye Hamam
* World Trade Center Istanbul
* Zorlu Center

#### Streets in Istanbul

* Abdi İpekçi Street
* Bağdat Avenue
* Bankalar Caddesi
* Barbaros Boulevard
* Büyükdere Avenue
* İstiklal Avenue
* Kennedy Avenue
* Soğukçeşme Sokağı

#### Theatres in Istanbul

* Bahçeşehir Muhsin Ertuğrul Theatre
* Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre
* Istanbul City Theatres
* Kadıköy Haldun Taner Stage
* Naum Theatre
* Sabancı Performing Arts Center

#### Towers in Istanbul

Towers in Istanbul
* Beyazıt Tower
* Çamlıca TRT Television Tower
* Çamlıca Tower
* Dolmabahçe Clock Tower
* Etfal Hospital Clock Tower
* Galata Tower
* Nusretiye Clock Tower
* Yıldız Clock Tower

### Demographics of Istanbul

Demographics of Istanbul

## Government and politics of Istanbul

Politics of Istanbul
* Mayor of Istanbul
* International relations of Istanbul
** Twin towns and sister cities of Istanbul

### Law and order in Istanbul

* Law enforcement in Istanbul
** Turkish National Police
*** Istanbul Chief of Police

## History of Istanbul

History of Istanbul

### History of Istanbul, by period or event

Timeline of Istanbul
* Prehistory and origin of Istanbul
* Byzantium
** The history of the city proper begins when Greek settlers from Megara establish Byzantium on the European side of the Bosphorus (660 BC)
** Byzantium officially becomes a part of the Roman Empire (73 AD)
* Constantinople
** Foundation of Constantinople (324)
*** Constantinople is reinaugurated in 324 from ancient Byzantium by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and becomes the capital of the Roman Empire (11 May 330)
** Fall of Constantinople (1453)
*** Mehmed the Conqueror captures Constantinople and declares it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire (29 May 1453)
** Constantinople during the Ottoman era (1453–1922)
*** Suleiman the Magnificent's reign from 1520 to 1566 is a period of great artistic and architectural achievements
** Constantinople during World War I
*** Occupation of Istanbul by Allied forces (13 November 1918 – 4 October 1923)
* Modern Istanbul (1923–present)
** Turkish forces enter the city in a ceremony which marks the 'Liberation Day of Istanbul' (6 October 1923)
** The capital is moved from Istanbul to Ankara (1923)
** The international name Constantinople remains in use until Turkey adapts the Latin alphabet (1928)

### History of Istanbul, by subject

* Battle of Constantinople (378)
* Istanbul pogrom

## Culture of Istanbul

Culture of Istanbul

### Arts in Istanbul
#### Architecture of Istanbul

Architecture of Istanbul
* Buildings in Istanbul
** Byzantine monuments in Istanbul
** Tallest buildings in Istanbul

#### Music of Istanbul

* Music festivals and competitions in Istanbul
** Istanbul International Jazz Festival
** Istanbul International Music Festival
* Music schools in Istanbul
** Istanbul University State Conservatory
* Music venues in Istanbul
** Cemal Reşit Rey Concert Hall
** Süreyya Opera House
** Zorlu PSM
* Musical ensembles in Istanbul
** Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra
** Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra
* Musicians from Istanbul
** Necil Kazım Akses
** Hasan Ferit Alnar
** Ulvi Cemal Erkin
* Songs about Istanbul
** Istanbul (Not Constantinople)

#### Visual arts of Istanbul

Art in Istanbul
* Istanbul in art / Paintings of Istanbul
* Public art in Istanbul
** Akdeniz
** The Feeler
** Statue of Peace
Cuisine of Istanbul
* Baklava
Events in Istanbul
* Istanbul Biennial
Festivals in Istanbul
* International Istanbul Film Festival
Languages of Istanbul
* Turkish
* Greek
Media in Istanbul
* Newspapers in Istanbul
** Hürriyet
** Posta
* Radio and television in Istanbul
** Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
People from Istanbul
* Cornelius Castoriadis
* Bülent Ecevit
* Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
* Fahri Korutürk
* Mike Lazaridis
* Orhan Pamuk
* Nicola Rossi-Lemeni

### Religion in Istanbul

Religion in Istanbul

### Sports in Istanbul

Sports in Istanbul
* Football in Istanbul
** Association football in Istanbul
*** Süper Lig
**** Beşiktaş J.K.
**** İstanbul Başakşehir F.K.
* Basketball in Istanbul
** Basketball Super League
*** Anadolu Efes S.K.
*** Fenerbahçe Basketball
* Sports events in Istanbul
** Bosphorus Cup (figure skating)
** Istanbul Marathon
** Istanbul Open
* Sports venues in Istanbul
** Ataköy Athletics Arena
** Atatürk Olympic Stadium
** BJK Akatlar Arena
** Istanbul Park
** Nef Stadium
** Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
** Ülker Sports and Event Hall
** Veliefendi Race Course
** Vodafone Park

## Economy and infrastructure of Istanbul

Economy of Istanbul
* Business districts in Istanbul
** Levent
** Maslak
* Companies in Istanbul
** Goldaş
** Koç Holding
** Petrol Ofisi
* Financial services in Istanbul
** Akbank
** Borsa Istanbul
* Hotels and resorts in Istanbul
** Çırağan Palace
** Divan Istanbul
** Hilton Istanbul Bosphorus
** Hotel Yeşil Ev
** Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han
** Pera Palace Hotel
** Raffles Istanbul
* Restaurants and cafés in Istanbul
** Changa
** Hünkar
** Ismet Baba Fish Restaurant
** Mikla
* Shopping malls and markets in Istanbul
** Shopping malls in Istanbul
** Grand Bazaar
** Mahmutpasha Bazaar
** Spice Bazaar
* Tourism in Istanbul
** Tourist attractions in Istanbul
*** Grand Bazaar
*** Historic Areas of Istanbul
* Utilities in Istanbul
** Silahtarağa Power Station
** Water supply and sanitation in Istanbul

### Transportation in Istanbul

Public transport in Istanbul
* Air transport in Istanbul
** Airports in Istanbul
*** Atatürk Airport
*** Istanbul Airport
*** Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
* Cable transport in Istanbul
** Eyüp Gondola
** Maçka Gondola
* Maritime transport in Istanbul
** Ferries in Istanbul
*** Ferry quays in İstanbul
** Port of Istanbul
** Port of Haydarpaşa
* Road transport in Istanbul
** Busses in Istanbul
*** Metrobus
** Roads in Istanbul
*** Otoyol 1
*** Otoyol 2
** Tunnels
*** Eurasia Tunnel
*** Great Istanbul Tunnel
*** Marmaray Tunnel

#### Rail transport in Istanbul

* Commuter rail lines
** Marmaray
* Istanbul Metro
** Lines
*** (under construction)
*** (under construction)
*** (under construction)
*** (under construction)
*** (line on hold)
** Stations
* Funicular railway
** F1 Taksim–Kabataş funicular line
** F2 Tünel
** F3 Vadistanbul-Seyrantepe funicular line
** F4 Boğaziçi Üni./Hisarüstü–Aşiyan funicular line
* Railway stations in Istanbul
** Haydarpaşa railway station
** Sirkeci railway station
* Trams in Istanbul
** Istanbul nostalgic tramways
** Istanbul Tram
*** T1 (Istanbul Tram)
*** T4 (Istanbul Tram)
*** T5 (Istanbul Tram)

## Education in Istanbul

Education in Istanbul
* Libraries in Istanbul
* Universities and colleges in Istanbul
** Boğaziçi University
** Istanbul Technical University
** Istanbul University
** Marmara University

## Healthcare in Istanbul

* Hospitals in Istanbul
** Acıbadem Hospital
** Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital
** Balıklı Greek Hospital
** Istanbul Italian Hospital
** Surp Agop Hospital
** Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital
** Taksim German Hospital