OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yolanda, Latin Empress

Yolanda (French: Yolande de Hainault; 1175 – August 1219), often called Yolanda of Flanders, was Empress of the Latin Empire in Constantinople, first as the wife of Emperor Peter from 1216 to 1217 and thereafter as regent until her death in 1219. Peter was captured and imprisoned before he could reach Constantinople, so Yolanda assumed the duties of governing the Empire. She was ruling Marchioness of Namur from 1212 until 1217.

## Biography

Yolanda was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople.
In 1212, Yolanda became Marchioness of Namur after her brother, Marquis Philip I.
After the death of her brother emperor Henry in 1216 there was a brief period without an emperor, before Peter was elected to succeed her brother.
Because of Salic Law, Yolande could not succeed to the throne, and her husband became emperor instead.
On their way there, Peter sent Yolanda ahead to Constantinople, while he fought the Despotate of Epirus, during which he was captured. Because his fate was unknown (although he was probably killed), Yolanda governed Constantinople alone for two years.
Benjamin Hendrickx [de] described her as a regent, but Filip Van Tricht described her as an empress in her own right.
She allied with the Bulgarians against the various Byzantine successor states, and was able to make peace with Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea, who married her daughter, Marie.
Her husband died after two years in prison, and she died herself in August 1219.

## Legacy

Following Yolanda's death, her second son, Robert of Courtenay, became emperor because her oldest son, Philip, did not want the throne. Robert was still in France at the time.
Yolanda was, in her own right, Marchioness of Namur, which she inherited from her brother, Marquis Philip I, in 1212 and left to her eldest son, Marquis Philip II, when she went to Constantinople in 1216.

## Issue

By Peter of Courtenay she had 10 children:
* Philip (d. 1226), Marquis of Namur, who declined the offer of the crown of the Latin Empire
* Robert of Courtenay (d. 1228), Latin Emperor
* Henry (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur
* Baldwin II of Constantinople (d. 1273)
* Margaret, Marchioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry count of Vianden
* Elizabeth, who married Walter (Gaucher) count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu
* Yolanda, who married Andrew II of Hungary
* Eleanor, who married Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre
* Marie, who married Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea
* Agnes, who married Geoffrey II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea
# Bernard McLeod

Bernard McLeod (born 16 August 1953) is a Trinidadian cricketer. He played in 28 first-class matches for Trinidad and Tobago from 1971 to 1980.
# Richard Waddington

Richard Waddington (22 May 1838 – 26 June 1913)
was a French parliamentarian and historian, brother of William Henry (Prime Minister of France) and cousin of Professor Charles Waddington.

## Family business

The Waddingtons originally came from Lincolnshire. They became merchant bankers in London and established cotton mills in Lancashire.
His father, Thomas Waddington, took control of the family business ventures in France after his brother William's death in 1821. Senator Waddington's mother was Anne, granddaughter of William Chisholm MD, son of The Chisholm (qv. Roderick Chisholm, 21st Chief of Chisholm).
Richard Waddington was a director of "Établissements Waddington fils et Cie" at Saint-Rémy-sur-Avre in Eure-et-Loir.

## Politics and writing

Waddington was elected a Deputy in the French Parliament in 1876, where his industrial experience was valued. He sat on the Centre-Left benches until 1891 when he was elected as Senator for Seine-Inférieure. He returned to the Senate in 1900 and in 1909. He served until his death in 1913.
He wrote Louis XV et le renversement des alliances (Paris: Firmin-Didot et cie, 1896), and La guerre de sept ans: histoire diplomatique et militaire (five volumes, Paris: Firmin-Didot et cie, published 1899–1914).
M. le sénateur Waddington died in 1913. Some of his writings were published later.

### Marriage

In 1860, he married Louise Marie Anne Collison. They had a son, Brigadier-General Walter Waddington (born 1864), a senior French Army officer, who died in Germany in 1920.

## Honours

* - Chevalier, Légion d'honneur
# Italian Associations in South America

The Italian Associations in South America (Associazioni Italiane in Sud America, AISA) was a political party in Italy that represented voters living in South America, reflecting the significant Italian immigration to the continent.
In the 2006 general election, the party secured one seat in the Chamber of Deputies and one seat in the Senate. Luigi Pallaro represented the party in the Senate while Ricardo Antonio Merlo represented it in the Chamber of Deputies until 2008, when he left to establish the Associative Movement Italians Abroad.
Notably, former senator Pallaro became embroiled in the controversy as the sole independent member of the Senate following the election. The Union, having just two more seats than the rival House of Freedoms, Pallaro did not formally declare a preference for either side. However, he generally aligned with the centre-left government of Romano Prodi.
Pallaro's political career came to an end when he was not re-elected in the 2008 general election. Meanwhile, Merlo was successfully re-elected under a different list.
# Purim spiel

A Purim spiel (also spelled Purimshpil, Yiddish: פּורימשפּיל, from Yiddish shpil 'game, play', see also spiel) or Purim play is an ensemble of festive practices for Purim. It is usually a comic dramatization of the Book of Esther, the central text and narrative that describes what transpired on Purim and why it is celebrated as an important Jewish holiday.

## History

The Purim spiel is considered the "only genuine folk theater that has survived a thousand years in European culture." Integrating texts, theater, music, dance, songs, mimes, and costumes, the Purim spiel is considered to be the origin of Yiddish theatre. The descriptive term "Purim spiel" became widely used among Ashkenazi Jews as early as the mid-1500s.
By the 18th century in eastern Romania and some other parts of Eastern Europe, Purim spiels had evolved into broad-ranging satires with music and dance, for which the story of Esther was little more than a pretext. Since satire was deemed inappropriate for a synagogue, these events were usually performed outdoors in the synagogue courtyard.
By the mid-19th century, some routines were based on other stories, such as Joseph sold by his brothers, Daniel, or the Binding of Isaac. Other traditional forms of Purim spiel have included puppet shows for children, reenacting the Purim story with the Purim characters performing comic antics.
In 2015, the French Ministry of Culture added the Purim spiel to its Inventory of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of France.

## Modern practice

Purim spiels are performed annually in many American synagogues, and in Jewish communities in much of Europe. In France, for example, Purim plays continue to be widely performed in active Ashkenazi communities.
In many modern-day synagogues, a Purim spiel is an informal theatrical production with costumed participants, often including children. Typically, each congregation writes its own new Purim spiel every year, or acquires a new script from elsewhere. Purim spiels often include parodies of popular songs or well-known musicals. Purim spiels are often used to satirically address modern social and political issues through the biblical narrative, "using the ancient story to poke fun at current reality."
# Derek Abraham

Derek Abraham (born 7 February 1953) is a former international cricketer who represented the Canadian national team in the 1980s. He was born in Dominica, and before emigrating to Canada represented the Windward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket.
Abraham made his first-class debut for the Windwards in July 1973, against the Leeward Islands. He made three more first-class appearances over the following seasons, including against the touring Indians in February 1976. He also represented the team in the 1975–76 Gillette Cup, a limited-overs tournament. Having emigrated to Canada, Abraham made his international debut at the 1982 ICC Trophy in England, although he played in only two of his team's seven matches. At the 1986 ICC Trophy, however, he played every game for Canada, and finished with a team-high 14 wickets (ranking him equal ninth overall). Against the United States he took 4/27, while against Gibraltar he took 5/9. Abraham had begun his career as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, but later switched to bowling medium-pace, even opening the bowling for Canada in some matches.
# Peter Sherry

Peter Sherry (born August 22, 1968) is a former distance runner. He represented the United States at two consecutive Universiades, in 1991 and 1993. He won the 2003 Marine Corps Marathon.

## Career
### High school

In his hometown of Chappaqua, Sherry ran cross country and track at Horace Greeley High School only in his senior year, having played baseball on a recreational basis up to that point. In his first season, he almost qualified for New York's state high school meet.

### Collegiate

While a student at Georgetown, Sherry finished in tenth place overall in the men's race at the 1989 NCAA DI Cross Country Championships. He was the men's runner-up in the 5000 meters at the 1991 NCAA DI Outdoor Track and Field Championships. In a very rare tie, he finished in second place in the men's 5000 meters at the 1991 Summer Universiade in 13:39.31, exactly the same time recorded by Australian competitor David Evans.

### Post-collegiate

Upon graduating from Georgetown, Sherry signed a professional contract with Adidas. He joined the Reebok Enclave racing team, coached by Frank Gagliano. He finished in 17th place in the men's 5000 meters at the 1999 USATF Championships in a time of 14:03.48. In the 2003 Marine Corps Marathon, he almost dropped out in the eighth mile due to a cramp, but felt better en route to win the race. Peter Sherry tore his hamstring in the second mile of the 2020 Boston Marathon, but ultimately completed the race in 7 hours and 40 minutes.

## Personal life

Sherry currently resides in Great Falls, Virginia, where he runs his sports massage therapy practice out of Commonwealth Chiropractic Center. He is married to Faith Sherry, a marketing agent at TMA Direct, and the couple has three daughters together.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2003 | North American Men's Marathon Relay Championships | Akron, United States | 2nd | Marathon relay | 2:07:13 |
# Kavan Tissa, Prince of Ruhuna

Kavan Tissa, also known as Kaha Wan Thissa (Golden-coloured Tissa) and Kaka Wanna Tissa (Crow-coloured Tissa) was the king of the Kingdom of Ruhuna in the southern part of Sri Lanka. He ruled Ruhuna, at the same time as Kelani Tissa of Maya Rata. Kavan Tissa was a great-grandson of King Devanampiyatissa's youngest brother Mahanaga, and also the father of the King Dutugemunu.

## Sources

As with his son Dutugemunu, Kavan Tissa's figure is mostly swathed in myth and legend. The main source of information on his life is Mahavamsa, the historical chronicle about the kings of Sri Lanka, which portrays Kavan Tissa as "devoutly believing in the three gems, [and] he provided the brotherhood continually with... needful things".

## Life and Legacy

In Wilhelm Geiger's rendering of the Mahavamsa Kavantissa is given as Kakavannatissa. Under that name, the Mahavamsa mentions him twice. In chapter 15 Kavantissa, or Kakavannatissa is the son of a king named Gothabhaya and father of king Abhaya better known as Dutthagamini, correctly spelt as Dutugemunu. Chapter 15 of the Mahavamsa has been called, either by Geiger or by previous scribes, "The acceptance of the Mahavihara". Chapter 22 of the Mahavamsa, "The birth of Prince Gamani" mentions of the city of Rohana where there are "still princes who have faith in the three gems" (Buddha, his Teaching, the Community of monastics). Chapter 22 describes the war against the Damila. This name of Damila occurs both in the Mahavamsa and in the Culavamsa (Small Chronicle).
# Vijayanagar, Bengaluru

Vijayanagara (formerly Vijayanagar), is a residential neighborhood in west Bangalore, India. It derives its name from the Vijayanagara empire that flourished in South India during the 15th and 16th centuries. It is bound by Mysore Road and Magadi Road, with Chord Road cutting through. It is the northernmost area in South Bangalore.
Vijay Nagar TTMC is the centre of Majestic as well as KSR railway station.
vteAreas of Bangalore :
Kamakshipalya
Basaveshwaranagar
Rajajinagar
Saraswathinagar
Vijayanagar
Govindrajnagar
Chandra Layout
Attiguppe
Bapuji Nagar :

## Education
### Schools

* Blueline school
* Cordial school
* Euro kids Vijayanagar
* NSVP convent
* Pinewoods school
* National English school
* St John's School
* St Michels Kids Kingdom Saraswathi Nagar
* St Michael's English School
* St Paul School
* The New Cambridge School[ICSE]

## Hospitals

* Precision Fertility Clinic - Dr Akhila Anand
Kukke Subrahmanya Ayurvedic Clinic Clinic - Dr Poojitha Hemanth

## Location

Vijayanagar is near R.V. College of Engineering, P.E.S. Institute of Technology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, the Bangalore University, the National Law School of India University, Indian Institute of Fashion Technology and Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology.
It houses a large Public Library, which is one of the largest in Karnataka. It also boasts of a unique Karnataka Haridasa Scientific Research Centre housed in the spacious Vijaya Ranga building.
Many buses ply to different parts of Bangalore. Bus route series 61 is a direct bus from Vijayanagar to Kempegowda Bus Station/Majestic which is at a distance of around 5 km.
Namma Metro has 3 stations on its Purple Line (Namma Metro)
* Balagangadharanatha Swamiji Station
** provides easy access to Magadi Tollgate, Jai Muniroad circle, Vijayaganr Piple line areas
* Vijayanagara Metro Station
** provides easy access to Vijayangar, Vijayanagar 2nd Stage (Hampinagar) & Magadi Chordroad Layout (MC Layout)
* Attiguppe Metro Station
** provides easy access to Vijayanagar 2nd Stage(Hampinagar), Attiguppe, Chandra Layout, Subbanna Gargen localities
There is a well-maintained Swimming pool in Vijayanagar 2nd Stage (Hampinagar)

## Sub-localities

Vijayanagar East was formerly known as RPC Layout (Railway Parallel Chord Road Layout), as this locality is along the railway track. It has been recently renamed as Hampinagara, Vijayanagara 2nd Stage. Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Saraswatinagara and Govindrajnagara are two of the fastest-growing localities of Vijayanagara, which house some of the prominent people of Bengaluru. Bapujinagara, BCC Layout, Remco Layout, and Attiguppe are other sub-localities.
# Corona pfeifferi

Corona pfeifferi is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orthalicidae.

## Distribution

The distribution of Corona pfeifferi includes:
* Ecuador. It was described from Pastaza Province, Canelos. It was known only from Ecuador until the species was found in Peru in 2010.
* Peru - since 2010

## Description

The living animal of Corona pfeifferi has coarse, orange tubercles on a whitish skin. The tentacles are greyish, with a blue hue near the tips.
The shell has 8 whorls.
The height of the shell of the type specimen is 59 mm. The width of the shell of the type specimen is 26 mm. The height of the aperture of the type specimen is 25 mm.
| apertural view | abapertural view |
Reproductive system: The penis is proximally slender and subcylindrical, constricted at the base; median part is swollen, pear-shaped, tapering towards the distal part which is subcylindrical again. Transition to the epiphallus with a kink, thereafter gradually tapering; twisted. Vas deferens is adhering to and partially inside the penial complex. Flagellum has ca. 1/5 the total length of the penial complex. Internal structure of penial complex is with longitudinal folds in proximal part of penis, changing into a dense tubular network and a widened lumen in the distal part of the penis. The epiphallus has 3-4 longitudinal folds proximally, transversing into anatosmosing folds more distally. In the specimen dissected, a chitinous spermatophore was being formed with the shape of flagellum and epiphallus, its initial stage inside the flagellum and extending to the distal part of the penis.
| ventral overview of reproductive system | dorsal view of penial complex | half-schematic longitudinal section of penial complex |
# Benton Park West, St. Louis

Benton Park West is a neighborhood located in South St. Louis City, Missouri, United States. The neighborhood is bounded by Jefferson Ave. on the east, Gravois Ave. (MO Route 30) on the north and west, and an irregular boundary consisting of Cherokee Street, S. Compton Ave., and Potomac St. to the south. The neighborhood is the conglomeration of two different neighborhoods in the 1970s, Compton Hill and Marquette-Cherokee. Parts of these two 1970s neighborhoods make up the current day Benton Park West. Marquette-Cherokee was bounded by Arsenal Street on the north, Bates Street on the south and Grand Boulevard on the west. Its eastern edge was the bank of the Mississippi River. Benton Park West has the highest percentage of Latino residents among St. Louis neighborhoods.
In 2005 Benton Park West was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Gravois-Jefferson Streetcar Suburb National Historic District.

## Demographics

In 2020 Benton Park West's racial makeup was 50.0% Black, 31.7% White, 1.9% Asian, 8.2% Two or More Races, and 7.7% Some Other Race. 13.2% of the neighborhood's population was of Hispanic or Latino origin.
| Racial Composition | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
| White | 30.4% | 28.0% | 31.7% |
| Black or African American | 59.1% | 59.6% | 50.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 5.1% | 10.5% | 13.2% |
| Asian | 4.8% | 1.9% | 1.9% |
| Two or More Races | 2.9% | 5.2% | 8.2% |

## Arts and Culture

Benton Park West is home to many local art galleries and locally made stores, most of which are located on Cherokee Street. Home to the largest concentration of Hispanic owned restaurants, bakeries, grocery stores, and other retail, Benton Park West is fortunate to have a diverse and celebrated community.
There are numerous street festivals held along Cherokee Street. Cinco de Mayo: A Cherokee Street Festival is one of the largest. Organized by Cherokee Street Development League, the Cinco de Mayo festival hosts three stages of musics, food and beverage vendors along the street, and other activities. The People's Joy Parade is also a part of the Cinco de Mayo festival and is organized by C.A.M.P. IndiHop is a partnership between Cherokee Street and the Grove. It's independent neighborhoods celebrating independent breweries. Guests taste independent beers in various locations traveling between the neighborhoods.
The Mexican Independence Day celebration, Fiestaas Patrias STL, is held in September. Originally the festival was owned and managed by the Cherokee Street Latino Business Association, but was sold to Latinos in Axion STL who now manages the annual festival.
# Shahjehan Syed Karim

Shahjehan Syed Karim (1933–2017) was a Pakistani civil servant who served as the chief secretary of Sindh in 1994. He also founded the Institute of Business Management.

## Early life and education

Syed Karim was born in Patna, Bihar, British India. He completed his higher education at Aligarh University. Karim obtained a master's degree in political science from the University of Arizona in the United States.

## Career

In 1957, Karim qualified for Central Superior Services (CSS) exam and began his career in civil service. He held various administrative positions, including deputy commissioner, commissioner, secretary, federal secretary, chairperson of Pakistan Television, and chairperson of the Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (Radio Pakistan). He served as the chief secretary of Sindh province until his retirement in 1994.
After retiring from civil service, Karim established the Institute of Business Management (IoBM), a private business school in Karachi.
# Jersey Cricket Board

Jersey Cricket Board is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in Jersey. Jersey Cricket Board is Jersey's representative at the International Cricket Council (ICC) and has been a member since 2005 and an associate member since 2007. It is also a member of the ICC Europe (earlier the European Cricket Council). The headquarters of Jersey Cricket Board are in St. Helier, Jersey. Its chairman is John Harris and chief executive is Sarah Gomersall.
# J. Chitharanjan

J. Chitharanjan (22 October 1927 – 13 June 2008) was an Indian labor leader, politician, a leader of the Communist Party of India (CPI). He was the president of CPI's Trade Union wing AITUC, a Minister in the state and was a member of the Rajya Sabha.
Chitharanjan was elected to Kerala Assembly in 1977, 1980 and 1987 from his home district of Kollam.
His parents were Janardhanan Asan and Meenakshi Amma. His electoral life started with a contest with his uncle Divakarappanikker who was an important Congress leader.
# Jack Parker (cricketer)

John Frederick Parker (23 April 1913 – 26 January 1983) was an English cricketer. He was an all-rounder and a good slip fielder, whose long first-class career with Surrey linked the days of Jack Hobbs with those of Peter May.
A tall man, he might have achieved even more than he did but for back trouble. Even so, he was an essential member of the Surrey side for many years. As a batsman, he preferred to attack, and was an especially fine driver of the ball. He was often at his best in a crisis. He reached a thousand runs in a season nine times in succession (1938–1939 and 1946–1952 – this excludes 1945, in which season he played in only one match). His medium-paced bowling was generally steady rather than particularly penetrative. He took 50 or more wickets in a season 5 times, but never managed more than 67.
He never played Test cricket, although he was picked as a member of the party to India in 1939–40, for a tour which never took place because of the outbreak of World War II. The War also deprived him of six of what, judging by his age, might have been expected to be amongst his best seasons.
Most of his best years were after the war, for it was not until 1937 that he became a really valuable member of the side. He had his best season with the ball, in terms of his average, in 1946, taking 56 wickets at only 15.58 each. He made his highest score of 255 in 1949 against the touring New Zealanders, the innings taking only six and a half hours. That season was his best with the bat, both in terms of aggregate (1789) and average (40.65). He finished on a high note, retiring after the 1952 season in which Surrey won the County Championship outright for the first time since 1914, having shared the title in 1950.
# Jadu Ka Shankh

Jadu Ka Shankh is a 1974 Bollywood drama film directed by Sai Paranjpye.

## Cast

* Nandita Aras
* Sulabha Deshpande
* Girish Karnad
* Kulbhushan Kharbanda
* Rahul Ranade
# Jadui Bandhan

Jadui Bandhan is a Bollywood film. It was released in 1941. It was directed by Nanubhai Vakil and starred Sarojini, Shiraz and Baburao Pahelwan.