OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mangotsfield

Mangotsfield is a village and former civil parish in the unitary authority area of South Gloucestershire, in the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, England, to the north-east of Bristol.
The village was mentioned in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Manegodesfelle, and as Manegodesfeld in 1377.
Between 1845 and 1966 the village was served by Mangotsfield railway station.

## Parish

Until the 19th century Mangotsfield was the principal settlement in a large ancient parish, which also included the hamlets of Downend and Staple Hill to the west of the village, and Emersons Green, Vinny Green, Blackhorse and Moorend to the north. The parish became the civil parish of Mangotsfield in 1866.
In the early 20th century Downend and Staple Hill were developed into suburbs of Bristol and outgrew the village of Mangotsfield. In 1921 the parish had a population of 10,720. In 1927 the civil parish was abolished and divided into two. Downend, Staple Hill and Mangotsfield village became Mangotsfield Urban District (and the civil parish of Mangotsfield Urban), and the rural eastern parts of the parish became the new civil parish of Mangotsfield Rural. Mangotsfield Urban District was itself abolished in 1974 and became part of Kingswood Borough in the new county of Avon. When Avon was abolished in 1996 the whole of Kingswood Borough joined South Gloucestershire. The civil parish of Mangotsfield Rural continued until 2015, when it was renamed Emersons Green.

## Church

The parish church of St James dates from the 13th century, but was rebuilt and altered in the 19th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.

## Sport and leisure

Mangotsfield is the home of Mangotsfield United F.C. and Cleve R.F.C. Rodway Hill is a favourite spot for dog walkers and the starting point of many pigeon races.

## Education and schools

There is one secondary school in Mangotsfield: Mangotsfield School (A Specialist College in Engineering and Science).
# Rachel Thomson

Rachel Clare Thomson FREng FIMMM is a professor of Materials Science and Engineering, and Pro Vice Chancellor of Teaching at Loughborough University. She is known for her expertise in measuring and predicting the behaviour of materials for high temperature power generation, as well as the development of higher education and research programmes.

## Education

Thomson read the Natural Sciences Tripos at Newnham College, Cambridge (BA 1989, MA 1992). In 1992 Thomson subsequently completed her PhD in Materials, also at the University of Cambridge, on the composition of carbide supervised by Harshad Bhadeshia and funded by National Power and the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC).

## Research and career

After Thomson received her PhD she continued to work in Cambridge as a postdoctoral research fellow at Darwin College, Cambridge, before moving to a lectureship in the Department of Materials at Loughborough University in 1995. In 2002, she was promoted to a Personal Chair (i.e. full Professor) and in 2006, she became Director of the Materials Research School. Her career at Loughborough progressed further as in 2011 she became Head of Department, in 2015 she became Dean of the School of Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering, and from 2016, Thomson has been the Pro Vice-Chancellor of teaching. Her research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

### Awards and honours

Her awards include:
* 2018 East Midlands Inspirational Female Leader of the Year and Outstanding Woman in Science, Technology, Engineering and mathematics (STEM) – East Midlands Women's Awards (EMWA).
* 2018 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng)
* 2009 Elected a Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
* 2005 Rosenhain Medal, Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
* 2003 Fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
* 1994 E.W. Mueller Outstanding Young Scientist Medal, 42nd International Field Emission Symposium

## Selected publications

* Thomson, R.C; Miller, M.K (1998). "Carbide precipitation in martensite during the early stages of tempering Cr- andMo-containing low alloy steels". Acta Materialia. 46 (6): 2203–2213. Bibcode:1998AcMat..46.2203T. doi:10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00420-5. ISSN 1359-6454.
* Roth, H. A.; Davis, C. L.; Thomson, R. C. (1997). "Modeling solid solution strengthening in nickel alloys". Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 28 (6): 1329–1335. Bibcode:1997MMTA...28.1329R. doi:10.1007/s11661-997-0268-2. ISSN 1073-5623. S2CID 136526947.
* Thomson, R. C.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. (1992). "Carbide precipitation in 12Cr1MoV power plant steel". Metallurgical Transactions A. 23 (4): 1171–1179. Bibcode:1992MTA....23.1171T. doi:10.1007/BF02665048. ISSN 0360-2133. S2CID 136827748.
# Naval Headquarters (Pakistan)

The Naval Headquarters, also known as the Navy NHQ, is the direct reporting and the command post of the Pakistan Navy, currently stationed in Islamabad, Pakistan.

## History

In 1859, the British Royal Navy in India established its first command post in Manora Fort when Captain Thomas Maitland from HMS Wellesley succeeded in capturing most of the southern region of British India, which now is modern-day Pakistan.$^{:473}$ In 1864, the Gen. Charles James Napier had built city's one of first Church and the first Lighthouse in 1888.$^{:475}$
On 14 August 1947, Vice Admiral James Wilfred decided to move the command post from Monora Island to Mules Mansion in Karachi– nation's first capital.$^{:126}$ Based in Mules Mansion in Karachi, the Navy's NHQ faced many problems relating to strategic communication with the Air Force HQ (in Peshawar at that time) and the Army GHQ (then in Rawalpindi), operational planning, and execution that resulted in military's overall performance failure in 1971.$^{:69}$
Recommendations accepted from the report of the War Enquiry Commission, the Navy's NHQ was shifted Islamabad to provide coordination with the Army's GHQ on 15 March 1975.$^{:69}$ Initially, Navy's NHQ was housed in a government secretariat building Islamabad but later built its own headquarter buildings in Islamabad.

## Secretariat

The Pakistan Navy's NHQ is a command post of the Pakistan Navy where the secretariat of the Chief of the Naval Staff functions to ensure the ceremonial and operational command of the navy.$^{:86–87}$
There are three chief of staff branches that composed of multiple offices to oversee the administrative operations of the navy. In fact, the Navy's NHQ functions exactly on similar protocol of Army GHQ. Each of the navy's branches and the deputy chiefs of naval staff of the administrative branches works under the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (CGS). The vice chief of naval staff, who usually heads the Navy's NHQ Staff, reports directly to chief of naval staff on daily routine basis.

### Branches of the Pakistan Navy

There are three high staff level branches of the Pakistan Navy that are headed by the vice-admirals and multiple administrative branches that are commanded by the deputy chiefs of naval staff who are ranked at the rear-admirals.$^{:89–90}$
The Chief of Navy Staff Secretariat is not considered as a part of the navy branch but functions separately as an office of the chief of navy staff.$^{:47}$
# L. T. Rose-Hutchinson

L. T. Rose-Hutchinson (died 1948) was a philatelist and postal historian. Rose-Hutchinson collected postage stamps for most of his life, joining the Royal Philatelic Society London in 1900 and the Postal History Society in 1940. During his Service career he spent most of his time in India, where he purchased collections and accumulations of stamps. Later he purchased most of the notable "Mackenzie-Grieve" collection.

## Collections

Rose-Hutchinson's collecting interests ranged over the postage stamps and postal history of India, India Used Abroad, and Hong Kong and Treaty Ports. The Scinde Dawks and the 1854 classic issues of India (both the lithographed and typographed) held special interest for him, while Hong Kong and the Treaty Ports formed a second major area of interest.
His collection included the essays of Thuiller; the 1854 lithographed issues in full sheets and large blocks; many rarities of Malacca, Penang, Singapore, Labuan and Sarawak; as well as Persian Field Force, Burmese Field Force and Abyssinian Field Force covers. The Two annas of 1854, in the rare Blue Green shade, appeared on a Persian Field Force cover of 1857.

## Tributes

Robson Lowe lauded Rose-Hutchinson's "discerning taste and exceptional knowledge about one of the most complex branches of philately."

## References and sources
### References

* ↑ http://www.firstissues.org/ficc/details/india_1.shtml First Issues Collectors Club

### Sources

* Robson Lowe, The "Rose-Hutchinson" Collection of India, 11–12 October 1949.
* Robson Lowe, The "Rose Hutchinson" Collection of Hong Kong and Treaty Ports, 2 November 1949.
* "Col. L. T. Rose-Hutchinson" The Philatelist and PJGB, 59 no. 1, January–March 1949 pp. 697–99.
# Philip Hartman

Philip Hartman (May 16, 1915 – August 28, 2015) was an American mathematician at Johns Hopkins University working on differential equations who introduced the Hartman–Grobman theorem. He served as Chairman of the Mathematics Department at Johns Hopkins for several years. He has an Erdös number of 2.
His book gives a necessary and sufficient condition for solutions of ordinary initial value problems to be unique and to depend on a class C$^1$ manner on the initial conditions for solutions.
He died in August 2015 at the age of 100.
The Hartman–Watson distribution is named after him and Geoffrey S. Watson.

## Publications

* Hartman, Philip (2002) [1964], Ordinary differential equations, Classics in Applied Mathematics, vol. 38, Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, ISBN 978-0-89871-510-1, MR 1929104
# Granville Down

Granville James Stuart Down MC (24 May 1883 – 14 May 1970) was an Australian cricketer and soldier.
Down played four first-class matches for South Australia in the 1911–12 season, and three for the Australian team on the tour of North America in 1913. He was a last-minute replacement in the tour side for Victor Trumper, who had to withdraw for business reasons. He was an all-rounder for the Adelaide Club in district cricket. His highest first-class score was 47 for the Australians against Gentlemen of Philadelphia in June 1913.
Down enlisted in the Australian Army in January 1915 and served on Gallipoli with the 3rd Australian Light Horse Regiment. He was transferred to the 2nd Division Headquarters as Major Leane's personal clerk. He saw service attached to the Deputy Assistant Director of Ordnance Services, was commissioned in July 1916, and after promotion to captain was awarded the Military Cross in September 1917. He was promoted to major in July 1918.
Down married Dorothy Heath in Sydney in July 1920. She divorced him in Melbourne in July 1936 on the grounds of desertion.
# Kavoshgar 1 (rocket)

Kavoshgar 1 is Iran's first satellite-carrying space launch vehicle to transport satellites into space. It was launched on February 4, 2008. Kavoshgar 1 is an experimental rocket that was built to test the technologies used in the Safir satellite carrier. Its successful launch in 2008 showed that Iran has the ability to build satellite-carrying rockets. With the launch of the Omid satellite, Iran became the ninth country in the world capable of independently launching a satellite into space.

## Specifications

The Kavoshgar-1 rocket is a two-stage missile. The first stage separated from the rocket 100 seconds after launch and descended to the ground using a parachute. The second stage ascended to an altitude of 200 kilometers, where it collected and stored meteorological data and electromagnetic waves along its trajectory before landing on the ground with the aid of a parachute. Throughout the entire flight, the Kavoshgar-1 maintained communication with the control center.

## Goal

The launch of Kavoshgar-1 is a significant step in conducting environmental tests under the operational conditions of the Omid satellite. This initiative aims to ensure that the component responsible for transporting the satellite into space functions correctly. The purpose of launching the Kavoshgar-1 is to test and evaluate the proper functioning of its satellite carrier system and the status of its subsystems under conditions of high acceleration, temperature variations, and vacuum.
# Fátima Corozo

Fátima Corozo is an activist working in Esmeraldas, one of the most violent cities in Ecuador. A school teacher, she works with youth and her community and discourages violence. She received the 2024 International Women of Courage award.
# Dan Grayson

Danny Ray Grayson (July 27, 1967 – August 1, 2021) was an American professional football linebacker who played one season with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the seventh round of the 1990 NFL draft. He played college football at Wenatchee Valley College and Washington State University.

## Early life

Danny Ray Grayson was born on July 27, 1967, in Paris, Texas. He attended Woodland High School in Woodland, Washington.

## College career

Grayson played college football at Wenatchee Valley College in 1986 as a wingback. He then joined the Washington State Cougars of Washington State University as a walk-on in 1987. After Grayson made a "spectacular" forced fumble in spring practice, head coach Dennis Erickson shouted, “Grayson! I’ll tell you what, you’re on scholarship right now!” Grayson became a starter at middle linebacker in 1988 and was a two-year letterman from 1988 to 1989. He was a first-team All-Pac-10 selection at linebacker his senior year in 1989.

## Professional career

Grayson was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the seventh round, with the 182nd overall pick, of the 1990 NFL draft. He officially signed with the team on July 11, 1990. He was waived on August 20, 1990.
Grayson signed with the San Francisco 49ers on March 18, 1991. He was waived by the 49ers on August 21, 1991.
Grayson played in seven games for the with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League in 1992, recording 19 defensive tackles, four special teams tackles, and one sack.

## Personal life

Grayson later worked at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. He died on October 1, 2021, in Kennewick, Washington at a Quality Inn he had been living at.
About ten years before his death, Grayson started having behavioral difficulties and also underwent a personality change. Due to this, Grayson believed he had chronic traumatic encephalopathy from his football career and had his brain donated to science.
# Rochelle Jordan

Rochelle Jordan is a British-Canadian artist of Jamaican descent based in Toronto, Canada.

## History

Jordan released her first ep in 2011 titled ROJO. In 2012, Jordan released her second ep titled Pressure. Jordan released her debut album, 1021, in 2014. She wrote and recorded the project in her bedroom after she moved to L.A. for her musical career. The album is in reference to her birthday, and according to an interview she did with You Know I Got Soul, the numerology resonated with her and what she had been going through during that point in her life.
Seven years after the release of her debut album, Jordan released her second and latest album, Play With The Changes.

## Discography

* ROJO (2011)
* Pressure (2012)
* 1021 (2014)
* Play With the Changes (2021)
# Obuxum

OBUXUM is the stage name of Muxubo Mohamed, a Somalian-Canadian electronic music producer. She is most noted for her album Re-Birth, which was longlisted for the 2020 Polaris Music Prize.
She debuted with the EP H.E.R. in 2018. Re-Birth, her full-length debut, was released in 2019.
She produced the song "In Women Colour" from Haviah Mighty's 2019 album 13th Floor.
# Brahim Takioullah

Brahim Takioullah (Arabic: ابراهيم تقي الله; born 26 January 1982) is a French-Moroccan man who formerly held the Guinness World Record for largest feet and is officially the second-tallest living person.

## Personal life

Takioullah was born in Guelmim, Morocco, in 1982. At the age of 18, he had been asked by his school doctor to get a blood test, for his "unusual" size. Diagnosed with acromegaly, Takioullah, in a single year had a 1-metre (3.3 ft) high growth spurt. After obtaining his university degree in geography, a French doctor took Takioullah to Paris in 2006, for treatment. His treatment was successful as his tumour was removed and the growth hormone level in his blood was brought down to normal. His heart was also reported in a good condition.
Takioullah had difficulties finding a pair of European size-58 shoes. He once asked a cobbler to make him a pair of made-to-measure shoes, but he was told that they would cost up to 3,500 euros. His orthopedic podiatrist, Jerome Liegeon, fitted him with a specially made pair of shoes, specifically designed to support his weight. Takioullah works for an attraction parc, "Saint-Paul", near the city of Beauvais, about 80 km (50 mi) north of Paris. People can take pictures with Brahim, who has now also obtained French nationality.

## Records

Surpassing former record-holder, Sultan Kösen, Takioullah became the Guinness World Record holder for world's largest feet on a living person, on 24 May 2011. His left foot measures 38.1 centimetres (1 ft 3 in), and his right 37.5 centimetres (1 ft 2.8 in).
With a height of 2.46 metres (8 ft 1 in), Takioullah is the second–tallest living person behind Sultan Kösen of Turkey, and tied with Morteza Mehrzad of Iran, in the world according to the Guinness World Records.
# Brian Smith (baseball)

Randall Brian Smith (born September 17, 1972) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher.

## Playing career

He played during one season at the major league level for the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 27th round of the 1994 Major League Baseball draft. Smith played his first professional season with their Rookie league Medicine Hat Blue Jays in 1994, and his last season with the Triple-A affiliate of the Colorado Rockies, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox, in 2003.
# Ian Kamau

Ian Kamau is a Canadian writer, hip hop and spoken word artist, writer, designer, and visual artist from Nairobi, Kenya. Kamau is the son of Trinidadian Canadian artists and filmmakers Claire Prieto and Roger McTair.

## Discography
### Singles

* An Ocean Between Us (2016)
* You, I (2014)

### Albums

* Selected tracks from September 9 Vol. 1 & 2 (Mixtape) (2009)
* Vol. 3 Love and Other Struggles (Mixtape) (2010)
* One Day Soon (2011)

### EPs

* Cocoons (2011)
* First (2003)

### Collaborations

Ian Kamau has been featured on the following tracks:
| Year | Song | Artist | Album |
| 2002 | "Masquerade" | k-os | Exit |
| 2004 | "Papercutz" | k-os | Joyful Rebellion |
| 2006 | "Ballad of Noah" | k-os | Atlantis: Hymns for Disco |
| 2007 | "What We All Want" | Shad | The Old Prince |
| 2007 | "Outro" | Shad | The Old Prince |
| 2010 | "Lucky 1's" | Shad | TSOL |
| 2013 | "Intro: Lost" | Shad | Flying Colours |
| 2013 | "I'll Be Waiting (When Freedom Comes)" | Freedom Writers | NOW |
| 2014 | "Miscommunication" | Beatchild | Soul Movement Vol. 2 |
| 2018 | "Another Year" | Shad | A Short Story About a War |
| 2018 | "Whole Worlds" | Tumi | Whole Worlds |
# History of Albanians in Maine

In the early 20th century, the United States mill industry began recruiting weavers from Southern Mediterranean countries skilled in patterns new to American consumers. Many men from Albania and Turkey left their homelands to work the mills of Southern Maine.
The Pepperell Counting House was a factory in Biddeford, Maine that is thought have served as a mosque for early Albanian immigrants to the New England mill industry around 1900. Turks also came to southern Maine around this time period, many of them settling around the York Manufacturing Company in nearby Saco, Maine. They came to Maine, as most immigrants did, without much money and with little earning power. They are believed to have lived on campus at the mills and rarely ventured off. By 1915, it is believed that a large enough community of men came to the Pepperell Counting House that the formation of an early mosque occurred. However, it is believed that the Spanish flu swept through the area with the returning U.S. soldiers in 1918, killing many of the towns inhabitants, including many of the Muslims.
The Pepperell Counting House, the location of the Biddeford mosque, still stands today and is now owned by WestPoint Stevens.
Today, the Albanian community of Maine is just a scant 0.03% of Maine’s population, much lower than Northeast states such as New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Massachusetts which are all 0.2-0.4% Albanian. 450 people were counted as Albanian American in Maine according to Zipatlas, which contains undated Census data from the 2010s and 2020s. 90 Albanians live in Portland, Maine (0.15%; higher than the rest of the state). There are also small communities with disproportionate rates of Albanians, like Kennebunk (65; 1% of its population) and Sanford (50; 0.2%).

## Woodlawn Cemetery and Muslim Burial Ground

Evidence of the Muslim community in Biddeford in the early twentieth century is found mostly in the Woodlawn Cemetery on West Street in Biddeford. When visiting the cemetery today, it is noticeable that the tombstones in this part of the cemetery face a different direction than other sections of the cemetery. The Muslim burial ground has headstones facing Mecca. Some headstones have an engraving of the star and crescent, symbolizing Islam. Other grave markers note that the deceased was an "Albanian Muhamedan", meaning a follower of Muhammad, a Muslim.

## Death Records of Biddeford's Muslim community

There are death records of a few Albanian men who worked in the mills and remained in the Biddeford area. While there is no mention of their religious background, the records note that the deceased were born in Albania. One death record even notes that the deceased was a member of the York County Albania society, which may signify that the few Albanians continued to maintain a sense of community-heritage.
# Youthful Offender System (Pueblo, Colorado)

The Youthful Offender System (YOS) is a medium security prison in Pueblo, Colorado. YOS houses male and female offenders between ages 14–19. Inmates at YOS have all been convicted of a violent felony, except Class 1 felonies, and sentenced as adults through the state's Department of Corrections (DOC) system. They are not sentenced as juveniles or sentenced through the Department of Youth Services system. Offenders can only be sent to YOS if their sentencing judge recommends them for the YOS program. The judge makes this determination based on the offender's age and perceived amenability for rehabilitation. The maximum sentence a YOS inmate can serve is 7 years, no matter what their original charge was, and the minimum sentence a YOS inmate can serve is 2 years. YOS sentencing is in lieu of jail sentences and if the offender fails the YOS program they will have to serve the jail sentence that has been suspended.
YOS is set up as a four-part continuum of rehabilitation for youth offenders. It consists of Orientation and Training, Institutionalization, Pre-Release, and Community Supervision. YOS has the lowest recidivism rate of any Colorado state prison. According to CDOC statistics, the 3-year recidivism rate of YOS offenders is around 20%. More than 80% of YOS offenders leave the facility with a high school diploma.