OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# General Bank of Bengal and Bihar

The General Bank of Bengal and Bihar (alternate spelling: General Bank of Bengal and Bahar) was a bank in British India that operated between 1773 and 1775.
It was founded in the year 1773 when India was under control of the East India Company. The bank was the fourth oldest bank in India. The bank became defunct March 31, 1775 having operated for only two years.

## History
### Founding

The bank was established in 1773 by Warren Hastings, the first Viceroy of India.
During the early years of the British rule in India, a need was felt for a bank that would service the British employees of the East India Company. Many banks were founded as a result, and the General Bank of Bengal and Bihar was one such bank.

### Management

Although the bank was largely a private bank, it enjoyed patronage from the then government of India, the East India Company.
The bank was staffed by mostly British nationals who were drawn mainly from the East India Company.

### Final Years

The bank lasted in business for only two years and was finally closed in 1775.
The bank also issued its own currency notes in its two years of existence.

## Legacy

The bank is notable for being the fourth oldest bank in India. It is also notable for being one of the first institutions in India to issue its own paper banknotes or currency notes.
The ability of private banks to issue their own currency notes was taken away by The Paper Currency Act, 1861.
# Kothattai

Kothattai is a neighbourhood in Parangipettai block in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu state in India.

## Location

Kothattai is located with the geographic coordinates of (11°31′14″N 79°44′44″E﻿ / ﻿11.5205°N 79.7456°E﻿ / 11.5205; 79.7456) near Parangipettai.

## Population

As per 2011 census of India, Kothattai village had a population of 1,468 persons, out of which 741 persons were males and 727 persons were females.

## Tollbooth

A tollbooth was opened on 23 December 2024 at Kothattai. Private fleet owners staged protests against the toll fee collections mentioning no completion of works at the tollgate.
# Gotthelf Bergsträsser

Gotthelf Bergsträsser (5 April 1886, in Oberlosa, Plauen – 16 August 1933, near Berchtesgaden) was a German linguist specializing in Semitic studies, generally considered to be one of the greatest of the twentieth century. Bergsträsser was initially a teacher of classical languages before deciding to approach Semitic.
He was a professor at Istanbul University during World War I, when he was an officer in the German army stationed in Turkey. While there, he studied the spoken dialects of Arabic and Aramaic in Syria and Palestine. One of his most well-known works is the 29th (and final) edition of Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1918–1929), which remained incomplete, containing only phonology and morphology of the verb. Also widely admired was his Introduction to the Semitic Languages (1928, English 1983). These brought him international fame as a scholar. His last position was professor of Semitic languages at the University of Munich.
Bergsträsser mostly engaged in the study of Arabic, focusing on the history of the text of the Qur'an. He worked alongside Arthur Jeffrey, a Methodist minister and professor at the American University in Cairo, filming early Qur'anic manuscripts and studying qira'at literature in preparation to produce a critical edition of the Qur'an. Bergsträsser left many of his planned works unfinished (including the rest of his Hebrew grammar and his grammar of spoken Aramaic), when he disappeared while mountaineering in Bavaria in 1933.
He was also a historian of Islamic law as evinced by his Grundzüge des islamischen Rechts (Basics of Islamic Law), which was edited and published posthumously by the famous scholar of Islam, Joseph Schacht (Columbia University). He covers topics such as the indigenous history of Islamic law, contractual law, personal law, family law, criminal law, business law, inheritance law, procedural law, etc.
Bergsträsser was an outspoken anti-Nazi and helped to save German Jewish scholars. Gotthelf Bergsträsser died on the 16th of August in 1933. His companion Friedrich Thiersch recorded an account of his death in a 16 page typed statement to the local authorities recounting that Bergsträsser had fallen off a sharp incline during the excursion and had injured his head. Thiersch had remained with him through the night until Bergsträsser died. His death though was the subject of speculation with some arguing that he was killed by a student for his anti-Nazi views while mountaineering in Bavaria.
# Xin Zhongguo

Xin Zhongguo (Chinese: 新中國 "New China") is a 1910 novel written by Lu Shi'e. It is also known as Lixian sishi nianhou zhi Zhongguo ("China, forty years after the establishment of the constitutional monarchy"). It was inspired by Xin Zhongguo weilai ji, a 1902 novel by Liang Qichao. Song Weijie, author of Mapping Modern Beijing: Space, Emotion, Literary Topography, wrote that the book "[envisions] a modern Shanghai and a strong China standing proudly in the ranks of nation-states."
The novel begins in Shanghai, depicted as modern and well-off, in 1950. The main character, after awakening, learns that Dr. Su Hanmin, the inventor of a spiritual medicine, used it to pull Chinese away from opium-laden dependence on Westerners as they become willing to help others, allowing them to become prosperous. The foreign concessions were dissolved. By 1950, China has a surplus in funds, as well as established universities and a thriving industrial sector. It annexed Tibet as one of its provinces, and in China male and female citizens possess the same rights. Xin Zhongguo depicted a universal exposition in Shanghai. The novel reveals that the protagonist was merely dreaming about this new China, and that it had not yet happened.
Xu Leiying of China Radio International stated that the author predicted the Expo 2010, held in Shanghai in 2010. David Der-wei Wang stated that the framework of Xin Zhongguo, using a dream, "[deflates] the fantastic magnitude of the center narrative." David Wang wrote that of the books inspired by Xin Zhongguo weilai ji it had "the most complete narrative".
# Liolaemus morenoi

Liolaemus morenoi is a species of lizard in the family Iguanidae. It is found in Argentina.
# Majid Jahangir

Abdul Majid Jahangir (1949 – 10 January 2023) was a Pakistani comic actor. He was best known for his comedy roles and caricatures acted in PTV's show Fifty-Fifty.

## Early life and career

Majid Jahngir was born in Karachi. His father was from Punjab and his mother from Hyderabad Deccan.
Jahangir started his acting career in Moin Akhtar's show Saat Rang which was aired on PTV. In 1979, he starred in PTV's comedy show Fifty Fifty along with Ismail Tara, Zeba Shehnaz, Bushra Ansari, and Ashraf Khan. The show became popular across the country, and so did the cast. Majid remained in the lead cast of the show until it stopped airing in 1985. Then, Majid moved to the United States and lived there for the next 23 years. On returning to Pakistan, he resumed his career by participating in Aamir Liaquat Hussain's shows for Geo TV and in the comedy show Khabarnaak.
Jahangir performed in more than 35 stage shows and in 4 Urdu films during his career spanning over two decades.

## Personal life and death

Jahangir's wife Saba Majid died in 2020. Since 2016, he had been suffering from partial paralysis and other critical health issues accompanied by severe financial problems.
Jahangir died in Lahore, Pakistan on 10 January 2023.
He had four children, two sons and two daughters.

## Television shows

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 1979–1985 | Fifty-Fifty | Various comedy caricatures | PTV |
| 2010–2021 | Khabarnaak | | Geo TV |

## Awards and recognition

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Work | Ref. |
| 1981 | Pride of Performance Award | Arts (acting) | Won | Fifty-Fifty (PTV comedy show) | |
| 2020 | Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Medal of Distinction) | Arts (acting) | Won | Lifetime achievement award | |
# Los Remixes 2.0

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Los Remixes 2.0 (English: The Remixes 2.0) is the second remix album and seventh album by Mexican-American cumbia group A.B. Quintanilla y Los Kumbia Kings and the second remix album by Mexican-American musician A.B. Quintanilla. It was released on April 6, 2004, by EMI Latin. It includes a cover of a song by Menudo, "Sabes a Chocolate". Los Kumbia Kings member Abel Talamántez was himself a member of Menudo before.

## Personnel
### Kumbia Kings

* A.B. Quintanilla III – bass guitar, backing vocals, producer, composer
* Fernando "Nando" Domínguez III – vocals
* Frank "Pangie" Pangelinan – vocals
* Abel Talamántez – vocals
* Irvin "Pee Wee" Salinas – vocals
* Anthony "Nino B" López – backing vocals, rap (track 2), dancer
* Juan Jesús "JP" Peña – backing vocals, dancer
* Cruz Martínez – keyboards, producer, composer
* Chris Pérez – guitar
* Robert "BoBBo" Gomez III – keyboards, producer
* "El Animal" Noe "Gipper" Nieto Jr. – accordion
* Robert "Robbie" Del Moral – drums
* Luigi Giraldo – keyboards, composer

### Former Kumbia Kings members

* Jason "DJ Kane" Cano – vocals
* Francisco "Frankie J" Bautista Jr. – vocals

### Additional musicians and production

* Javier Bermudez – remixer, additional producer
* Dapper Don – vocals (track 2)
* Pavel De Jesús – remixer, additional producer
* Gerardo Garmendia – photography, graphic design
* Nelson Gonzalez – art direction
* Ramiro Matos – remixer, additional producer
* Brian "Red" Moore – mixing
* Ricky Morales – art direction
* Nopal Beat – remixer, additional producer
* Ozomatli – vocals (track 12)
* ROCAsound – remixer, additional producer
* Elvin F. Torres Serrant – remixer, additional producer
* "Big Bert" Treviño – project and studio coordinator
* Don C. Tyler – mastering
* Adolfo Valenzuela – remixer, additional producer
* Omar Valenzuela – remixer, additional producer

## Charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| US Top Latin Albums (Billboard) | 11 |
| US Top Dance/Electronic Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Latin Pop Albums (Billboard) | 3 |

## Sales and certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum (Latin) | 100,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Palmetto station

Palmetto station is a Metrorail rapid transit station in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida (with a Miami address), United States, just near the town of Medley. It is the current northern terminus of the Metrorail system. This station is located near the intersection of Northwest 77th Street and 79 Avenue, opening to service May 30, 2003. It is adjacent to the Palmetto Expressway (SR 826) (its namesake), providing convenience to west Miami-Dade and Broward commuters traveling into Downtown Miami. The station is in a low-density warehouse area and has low ridership. In 2023 a 900-unit housing project was proposed for the site.900 apartments

## Station layout

The station has two tracks and an island platform, with parking north of the station structure.

## Places of interest

* Miami-Dade Animal Services Shelter/Adoption Center
* Town of Medley
* City of Doral
* Miami-Dade Warehouse District
# Witold Mańczak

Witold Mańczak (12 August 1924 – 12 January 2016) was a Polish linguist. He was a member of Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his historical linguistics work on identifying, via statistical methods focusing especially on well-studied European languages, overarching tendencies in analogical change. He has also argued that Gothic is closer to German than to Scandinavian, and suggests Goths originally hailed from somewhere around present day Austria, rather than from Scandinavia."

## Publications

* Witold Manczak, The Method of Comparing the Vocabulary in Parallel Texts. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 10(2): 93–103 (2003)
* Witold Mańczak (1999). Wieża Babel. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. ISBN 83-04-04463-3.
* Witold Manczak: "Lingwistyka a Prehistoria". BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ POLONAISE DE LINGUISTIQUE, fasc. LV, 1999 ISSN 0032-3802 pdf
* Folia Linguistica Historica, Acta Societatis Linguisticae Europaeae .ISSN 0165-4004 Vol. XXI / 1–2 (2000)
* WM: Criticism of naturalness: Naturalness or frequency of occurrence?
* WM: Damaris Nübling, Prinzipien der Irregularisierung. Ein kontrastive Analyse von zehn Verben in zehn germanischen Sprachen
* WM: O Odcyfrowaniach pism. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ POLONAISE DE LINGUISTIQUE, fasc. LX, 2004, ISSN 0032-3802
* PRAOJCZYZNA SŁOWIAN
# Stanisław Urbańczyk

Stanisław Urbańczyk (27 July 1909 – 23 October 2001) was a Polish linguist and academic, a professor at the universities of Toruń, Poznań and Kraków. He was the head of the Institute of the Polish Language at the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1973–79.
Born to a peasant family in Kwaczała, he completed 4-class elementary school in Kwaczała and started learning in St. Anne's Secondary School (today I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Bartłomieja Nowodworskiego w Krakowie). In the years 1929–1934 he studied Polish and Slavic philology at the Jagiellonian University. In 1937 he became an academic teacher. Among his students was young Karol Wojtyła, later the pope John Paul II. In 1939 he was arrested by the Nazis during Sonderaktion Krakau and imprisoned in concentration camps in Sachsenhausen and Dachau.
He was the author of many books, articles and reviews. Among his scholarly interests were synchronical and diachronical Polish grammar, dialectology, history of language, Slavic native religion and mythology, biblical translation and influence of Czech onto Polish in Middle Ages.

## Work

    (A selection)
* Religia pogańskich Słowian (Religion of Pagan Slavs, 1947)
* Głos w dyskusji o pochodzeniu polskiego języka literackiego, 1953.
* Zarys dialektologii polskiej (An Outline of Polish Dialectology, 1962)
* Encyklopedia wiedzy o języku polskim (The Encyclopaedia of Knowledge about Polish Language, 1978, as the editor in chief)
* Dawni Słowianie: wiara i kult (Old Slavs – Faith and Cult, 1991)
* Z miłości do wiedzy: wspomnienia (Out of Love to Knowledge – Memoirs, 1997)
# Henry Henne

Henry Henne (21 October 1918 – 29 June 2002) was a Norwegian linguist.
Henne was born in Bergen, and grew up in Solheimsviken, as a son of Halvar Henne (1894–1965) and Marie Bjørkly (1884–1959). He was married twice, the second time to an American citizen.
Henne finished his secondary education in 1938. He studied different languages on his own, and during the Second World War he received private tuition in Russian language from professors Christian Schweigaard Stang and Erik Krag. He received a Rockefeller Foundation grant in 1946 to study the Chinese language under Bernhard Karlgren in Sweden, and Henne graduated with the fil.kand. degree from the Stockholm University College in 1948, and went to South China to study further. He made a name studying Hakka Chinese, and later learnt Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and Thai in Japan and the United States. He was a research fellow at the University of Oslo from 1952 to 1956, before taking the fil.lic. degree at Stockholm University College in 1958. He was a professor at the International Christian University, Tokyo from 1958 to 1963, at Cornell University from 1963 to 1965, at the International Christian University, Tokyo from 1965 to 1966, at the University of Oslo from 1966 to 1981 and the University of Bergen from 1981 to 1988. He then worked with Japanese tuition at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration from 1988 to 1992.
Henne was the chairman of the Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture from 1975 to 1986 and a board member of the Central Nordic Institute of Asian Studies from 1967 to 1988. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1970 and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters from 1979, and was decorated with the Order of the Rising Sun in 1988. He died in 2002.
# Mieczysław Karaś

Mieczysław Karaś (1924–1977) was a Polish linguist.
# Jean Heysterbach

Jean Heysterbach, O.P. (died 1447) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Augsburg (1436–1447).

## Biography

Jean Heysterbach was ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 10 February 1436, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Eugene IV as Auxiliary Bishop of Augsburg and Titular Bishop of Adramyttium. On 26 February 1436, he was consecrated bishop by André Dias de Escobar, Titular Bishop of Megara, with Laurent de Cardi, Bishop of Sagone, and Giovanni de Bertoldi, Bishop of Fano, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Augsburg until his death on 1447.
# Willy Dols

Willy Dols (Sittard, 21 March 1911 – Schwesing, 5 November 1944) was a Dutch linguist, dialectologist and phonologist. He was the first one to make a profound study of the diphthongization which is typical for the Sittard dialect, in his dissertation which was not published until nine years after his death.

## Biography

Dols was a brilliant pupil of Jac. van Ginneken at the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. He already made several publications during his study and graduated cum laude in 1938. Despite the crisis, people were searching several academic posts abroad (first in Estonia, then in Czechoslovakia) for him. After the breakout of the Second World War, however, these plans had to be given up.
During the first four years of the war, Dols worked as a teacher in his place of birth. In the meanwhile, he kept working on his dissertation for which he gathered the data. In August 1944, Dols had to flee to his sister in Arnhem because of the imminent Arbeitseinsatz. However, because of Operation Market Garden, he was also forced to flee from there.
On 28 September, Dols arrived in Putten where a raid by the Germans took place two days later. All men and boys were deported from the village, including Willy Dols. However, he could still entrust his almost-finished dissertation to the wife of Carel Beke, a future children's book's author, after having helped Beke and his family escaping from Arnhem.
Dols first arrived at the Neuengamme concentration camp, then he was transported to the Schwesing Concentration Camp, where 1500 people had been detained. After ten weeks of very bad treatment, Dols succumbed to dysentery.
After the war, his dissertation was prepared for the press with the support of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
# Alexander Roderick McLeod

Alexander Roderick McLeod (c. 1782 – 11 June 1840) was a fur trader and explorer in British North America who began his career with the North West Company in 1802.
McLeod became a trader and brigade leader with the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), led by Sir George Simpson, after they joined with the NWC in 1821. He was highly active in solidifying the HBC role in the Pacific Northwest and was instrumental in George Back's Arctic expedition, as well as in establishing the Siskiyou Trail between Fort Vancouver and the Sacramento Valley of California.
Based at Fort Vancouver, McLeod explored the Umpqua and Rogue rivers in 1826–28, and was preparing his brigade for another departure in July 1828 when American explorer Jedediah Smith arrived there after most of his party were killed by Umpqua people in Oregon. Chief Factor John McLoughlin reassigned McLeod's brigade, including tracker and interpreter Michel Laframboise, to return with Smith to the Umpqua to search for survivors and try to recover Smith's horses, furs and supplies. Much of Smith's gear was recovered, including his journal and that of Harrison Rodgers, but fifteen of Smith's nineteen men had been killed. Smith's maps helped Mcleod in later explorations into northern California.
Alexander McLeod was a maverick in the eyes of the HBC but was an important employee who served the company in a variety of settings. He was passed over for a position as a chief factor, something he expected and felt he had earned. John Ballenden, who married McLeod's daughter Sarah, later achieved this position with the company.
McLeod Lake in Stockton, California is named after him, as is the McCloud River.
# List of South African provinces by gross domestic product per capita

This article lists the provinces of South Africa by their gross regional domestic product (GDP) per capita.
| Rank | Province | Population (2022) | GDP (2013; ZAR millions) | GDP per capita (2013; ZAR) | GDP per capita (2013; USD PPP) |
| 1 | Gauteng | 15,099,422 | 1,194,140 | 94,179 | 18,259 |
| 2 | Western Cape | 12,423,907 | 485,545 | 80,839 | 15,673 |
| 3 | North West | 3,804,548 | 239,020 | 66,171 | 12,829 |
| 4 | Mpumalanga | 5,143,324 | 269,863 | 64,910 | 12,585 |
| 5 | Free State | 2,964,412 | 179,776 | 64,909 | 12,584 |
| 6 | Northern Cape | 1,355,946 | 71,142 | 61,388 | 11,902 |
| 7 | KwaZulu-Natal | 12,423,907 | 565,226 | 53,674 | 10,406 |
| 8 | Limpopo | 6,572,720 | 256,896 | 46,336 | 8,983 |
| 9 | Eastern Cape | 7,230,204 | 272,714 | 40,712 | 7,893 |
| South Africa | South Africa | 62,027,503 | 3,534,330 | 66,488 | 12,890 |
# Allocasuarina thalassoscopica

Allocasuarina thalassoscopica is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading to erect, dioecious shrub that has branchlets up to 180 mm (7.1 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five to seven, the fruiting cones 12–28 mm (0.47–1.10 in) long containing winged seeds 4.0–8.0 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long.

## Description

Allocasuarina thalassoscopica is a spreading to erect, dioecious shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.5–1.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 11 in) and has smooth or fissured bark. Its branchlets are up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, sometimes to 180 mm (7.1 in) long, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth 0.3–0.6 mm (0.012–0.024 in) long, arranged in whorls of five to seven around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls are 3–12 mm (0.12–0.47 in) long, 0.5–0.9 mm (0.020–0.035 in) wide. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 5–45 mm (0.20–1.77 in) long, with mostly 6 to 10 whorls per centimetre (per 0.39 in.), the anthers 0.5–1.0 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long. Female cones are on a peduncle 3–14 mm (0.12–0.55 in) long, and mature cones 12–28 mm (0.47–1.10 in) long and 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) in diameter, containing dark brown to blackish, winged seeds 4.0–8.0 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Allocasuarina thalassoscopica was first described in 1989 by Lawrie Johnson in the Flora of Australia. The specific epithet, (thalassoscopica) means "sea-watcher", referring to its situation on a mountain slope, facing the sea.

## Distribution and habitat

This she-oak forms a dense, low, closed heath on the windswept south-facing upper slopes of Mount Coolum and along the coast from Noosa Heads in south-east Queensland to Diamond Beach in northern New South Wales.

## Conservation status

Allocasuarina thalassoscopica is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, and the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992. The main threats to the species are vegetation clearing and inappropriate fire regimes.
# Cold Springs, Buffalo

Cold Springs is a neighborhood in Buffalo, New York.

## Geography

Cold Springs is a smaller neighborhood within the larger East Side of Buffalo. Its western boundary is Main Street, northern is East Delavan Avenue, East is Jefferson Avenue, and the Southern is East Utica Street.

## Notable places

* Buffalo Academy for Visual and Performing Arts