# Elections in Mongolia

Mongolia elects its head of state—the President of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using the Two-round system. The State Great Khural (Ullsyn Ikh Khural, State Great Assembly) has 126 members (reform in 2023), originally elected for a four-year term from single-seat constituencies. Due to the voting system, Mongolia experienced extreme shifts in the composition of the parliament after the 1996, 2000, and 2004 elections, so it has changed to a system in which some seats are filled on the basis of votes for local candidates, and some on the basis of nationwide party preference totals. Beginning in 2008, local candidates were elected from 26 electoral districts. Beginning with the 2012 elections, a parallel system was enacted, combining a district part and a nationwide proportional part. 48 seats are chosen at the local level in 26 districts with 1-3 seats using Plurality-at-large voting. 28 seats are chosen from nationwide closed party lists using the Largest remainder method. In the district seats, a candidate is required to get at least 28% of the vote cast in a district to be elected. If there are seats that are not filled due to this threshold, a runoff election is held in the respective district with twice the number of representatives as there are seats to be filled, between the top vote-getters of the first round. Mongolia also holds local elections in October of the same year, with 8031 seats across 2395 constituencies in all 9 districts, 21 provinces, and 331 sums (county) and Citizen Representative Khural (local governing councils) in Majoritarian system.
Dominant parties are the Mongolian People's Party (MPP), the Democratic Party (DP or AH), the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and the Civil Will-Green Party (CWGP). In the 2012 legislative elections, the MPRP and Mongolian National Democratic Party ran together as the Justice Coalition, winning 11 seats.

## Latest elections
### 2021 presidential election

Polls opened at 07:00 in 2,087 polling stations across the country for the 2.1 million registered voters, with special measures in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia. Voting ended at 22:00. Khürelsükh and Erdene voted in Ulaanbaatar while Enkhbat tested positive for COVID-19 and voted in hospital.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | Mongolian People's Party | 823,326 | 72.02 |
| | Dangaasürengiin Enkhbat | Right Person Electorate Coalition | 246,968 | 21.60 |
| | Sodnomzunduin Erdene | Democratic Party | 72,832 | 6.37 |
| Total | Total | Total | 1,143,126 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,143,126 | 94.08 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 71,937 | 5.92 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,215,063 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,049,379 | 59.29 |
| Source: GEC, IFES |||||

### 2024 legislative election

Preliminary results showed the ruling Mongolia People's Party had won a narrow and reduced majority in the Khural, which allowed Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene to publicly claim victory. The Democratic Party also gained 42 seats, an increase from the 2020 election. The full official results were presented by the GEC on 1 July 2024.
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats | +/– |
| | Mongolian People's Party | 3,619,950 | 38.65 | 50 | 509,482 | 35.01 | 18 | 68 | +6 |
| | Democratic Party | 3,135,988 | 33.48 | 26 | 438,506 | 30.13 | 16 | 42 | +31 |
| | HUN Party | 636,648 | 6.80 | 2 | 151,111 | 10.38 | 6 | 8 | +7 |
| | National Coalition | 291,166 | 3.11 | 0 | 75,196 | 5.17 | 4 | 4 | New |
| | Civil Will–Green Party | 269,582 | 2.88 | 0 | 73,006 | 5.02 | 4 | 4 | +4 |
| | New United Coalition | 255,871 | 2.73 | 0 | 69,682 | 4.79 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Truth and Right Party | 208,717 | 2.23 | 0 | 40,783 | 2.80 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Civil Movement Party | 153,624 | 1.64 | 0 | 20,443 | 1.40 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Republican Party | 116,561 | 1.24 | 0 | 19,635 | 1.35 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | The Civic Unity Party | 86,083 | 0.92 | 0 | 13,733 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | People's Power Party | 106,688 | 1.14 | 0 | 10,614 | 0.73 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Good Democratic Citizens United Party | 42,961 | 0.46 | 0 | 6,104 | 0.42 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Motherland Party | 52,803 | 0.56 | 0 | 5,621 | 0.39 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Liberte Party | 45,730 | 0.49 | 0 | 4,738 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | People's Majority Governance Party | 30,760 | 0.33 | 0 | 3,619 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | For the Mongolian People Party | 35,183 | 0.38 | 0 | 3,461 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party | 232 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,820 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | United Patriots Party | 213 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,168 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Mongolian Social Democratic Party | 7,789 | 0.08 | 0 | 1,531 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Mongol Conservative Party | 21,177 | 0.23 | 0 | 1,485 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Freedom Implementing Party | 26,256 | 0.28 | 0 | 1,450 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Independents | 222,957 | 2.38 | 0 | | | | 0 | –1 |
| Total | Total | 9,366,939 | 100.00 | 78 | 1,455,188 | 100.00 | 48 | 126 | +50 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | | | | 1,455,188 | 99.68 | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | | | | 4,642 | 0.32 | | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | | | | 1,459,830 | 100.00 | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,089,935 | – | | 2,089,935 | 69.85 | | | |
| Source: Ikon, Ikon, Parliament ||||||||||

### Incumbents who lost re-election

Members of Parliament who lost re-election :
| MP | Seat | First elected | Party | New MP | New party | New party |
| Gombojavyn Zandanshatar | Bayankhongor | 2004 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Amgalangiin Adiyaasüren | Bayankhongor | 2020 | Democratic Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Dulamdorjiin Togtokhsüren | Övörkhangai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Sodnomyn Chinzorig | Övörkhangai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Gochoogiin Ganbold | Övörkhangai | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Tsedendambyn Tserenpuntsag | Zavkhan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Baljinnyamyn Bayarsaikhan | Zavkhan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Shirnenbanidiin Adishaa | Khovd | 2020 | Democratic Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Chimediin Khürelbaatar | Uvs | 2008 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Damdinsürengiin Önörbolor | Selenge | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Purev-Ochiryn Anujin | Songino Khairkhan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Nayantain Ganibal | Sükhbaatar | 2020 | Democratic Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Tömörtogoogiin Enkhtüvshin | Dornogovi | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Batsükhiin Saranchimeg | Bayanzürkh | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Gompildoogiin Mönkhtsetseg | Dundgovi Govisümber | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Mönkhöögiin Oyuunchimeg | Chingeltei | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
* ↑ Zandanshatar lost his seat in 2012 but was re-elected through an election in 2016