OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hemispheres of Earth

In geography and cartography, hemispheres of Earth are any division of the globe into two equal halves (hemispheres), typically divided into northern and southern halves by the Equator and into western and eastern halves by the Prime meridian. Hemispheres can be divided geographically or culturally, or based on religion or prominent geographic features. Use of these divisions is applied when studying Earth's geographic distribution, cultural differences, and other geographic, demographic and socioeconomic features.

## Geographical hemispheres

Geographical hemispheres are primarily split by latitudinal (north-south) and longitudinal (east-west) markers:

### North-South

* Northern Hemisphere: The half that lies north of the Equator. This hemisphere contains approximately 68% of Earth's landmass and is home to about 90% of the global population. It includes North America, Europe, Asia, and most of Africa.
* Southern Hemisphere: The half that lies south of the Equator. It contains approximately 32% of Earth's landmass and is home to about 10% of the global population. It includes South America, Australia, Antarctica, and the southern parts of Africa.

### East-West

* Eastern Hemisphere: The half that lies east of the prime meridian and west of the 180th meridian. This hemisphere includes most of Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia, as well as the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
* Western Hemisphere: The half that lies west of the prime meridian and east of the 180th meridian. This hemisphere includes North and South America, the eastern Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the majority of the Atlantic Ocean.

## Alternative hemispheres

Alternative Earth hemispheres can divide the globe along cultural or religious lines, or be used to maximize the prominence of geographic features. For example:

### Cultural and religious hemispheres

* Eastern Hemisphere: Generally associated with Eastern culture and religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, and Islam.
* Western Hemisphere: Generally associated with Western culture and religions, such as Christianity and Judaism.

### Geographical feature-based hemispheres

* Terrestrial terminator-based hemispheres: Earth may be split into hemispheres of day and night by the terrestrial terminator, which is the boundary between the illuminated and dark sides of the planet. This division changes continuously as Earth rotates.
* 20° West and 160° East-based hemispheres: This alternative division prevents the splitting of Africa and Europe.

### Land-water hemispheres

Alternative hemisphere schemes can divide the planet in a way that maximizes the prominence of one geographic feature or another in each division, such as the land-water division:
* Land Hemisphere: Centered near 47°N, 1°E, near the city of Nantes, France, this hemisphere contains the largest possible area of land, including most of the world's continents and major landmasses.
* Water Hemisphere: Centered near 47°S, 179°W, in the South Pacific Ocean, this hemisphere contains the largest possible area of water, including most of the Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans.
# Congregation Beth Emeth

Congregation Beth Emeth (transliterated from Hebrew as "House of Truth") is a Reform Jewish synagogue located at 100 Academy Road, in Albany, Albany County, New York, in the United States. Established in 1885, it is the fourth oldest Reform congregation in the United States.

## History

The congregation was formed in 1885 with the merger of a 'dwindling' Orthodox congregation, Anshe Emeth ("People of Truth") and a 'growing' Reform congregation, Beth El ("House of God"). Reform pioneer Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise led Beth El from 1846 to 1850 where he conducted a day school which included public school curriculum, religion & Hebrew. Due to tensions between more Orthodox congregants and the Rabbi, Anshe Emeth was created by Rabbi Wise supporters where he then led from 1850 to 1854 before relocating to Cincinnati.
In 1897 the newly merged congregation elected Dr. Alexander Lyons as the new Rabbi.
Martin A. Meyer served as rabbi from 1903 to 1906,$^{:517}$ and Samuel H. Goldenson served as rabbi from 1907 to 1918.$^{:19–20}$ After Rabbi Samuel the congregation was led by Rabbi Eli Mayer, Rabbi Marius Ranson, Rabbi Bernard J. Bamberger, Rabbi Samuel Wolk, Rabbi Alvin S. Roth, Rabbi Bernard H. Bloom, Rabbi Martin I. Silverman and most recently Rabbi Scott L. Shpeen.

## Architecture

The congregation's 1887 building, located at Lancaster and South Swan Streets in Albany, is considered to be one of the few surviving 19th-century synagogues in the United States. The architect was Adolph Fleischman, with help from Isaac Perry. The building is in Richardson Romanesque style. As of 1993 it was the home of the Wilborn Temple First Church of God in Christ.
In June of 1953 the building committee ratified the decision to move from Lancaster and Swan to 17 acres (6.9 ha) up town. The congregation's 1957 building was designed by Percival Goodman.
# Kostadin Alakushev

Kostadin Alakushev (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Костадин Алакушев ; c. 1875–1912) was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO).

## Biography

Kostadin Alakushev was born in the village of Tarlis, in the Ottoman Empire, that is now in Greece known today as Vathytopos, Kato Nevrokopi municipality, Drama regional unit. He graduated from the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki and afterwards worked as a teacher in different villages in the region of Nevrokop and Ser. He became a member of the IMARO and participated in the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising in the revolutionary band of Stoyan Malchankov. In 1907 he became a member of the regional committee of the IMARO in Nevrokop. In 1909 he was a member of Yane Sandanski's party, whose aim was to protect the Young Turk Revolution. In 1909 he participated in the foundation of a chapter of the People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section) in Nevrokop. In 1908 Alakushev was among the founders of the Teachers' Association in Nevrokop, in 1911 he became a member of its executive committee and in 1912 he was a delegate at the 5th congress of the Union of Bulgarian Teachers in the Ottoman Empire.
In 1912, Alakushev was kidnapped together with Stoyko Pashkulev and Blagoy Meterov by the rivalling rightist faction of IMARO and killed in the vicinity of the village of Fotovishta (today known as Ognyanovo).
# Chikuma Station

Chikuma Station (千曲駅, Chikuma-eki) is a railway station on the Shinano Railway Line in the city of Chikuma, Nagano, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway operating company Shinano Railway.

## Lines

Chikuma Station is served by the Shinano Railway Line and is 57.1 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Karuizawa Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed ground-level side platforms serving two tracks, connected to the station building by a footbridge.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Shinano Railway Line | for Shinonoi and Nagano |
| 2 | ■ Shinano Railway Line | for Ueda, Komoro, and Karuizawa |

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Shinano Railway Line |||||
| Rapid: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Togura | Local | Yashiro |

## History

Chikuma Station opened on 14 March 2009.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2011, the station was used by an average of 825 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Goka Post Office
* Goka Elementary School
# Samsung BlackJack

The Samsung BlackJack, or Samsung SGH-i607, is a smartphone that was available through AT&T in the United States and Telstra in Australia.

## Specifications

Specifications from the Samsung website:
* Screen resolution: 320 × 240 px, 2.25 inches
* Input method: QWERTY keypad
* Operating System: Windows Mobile 5.0 (upgrade to 6 is available)
* Processor: 220 MHz Texas Instruments OMAP 1710
* Storage: External microSD slot
* Flash Memory: 64 MB RAM, 128 MB ROM
* Modes: Quad-band GSM (850, 900, 1800, and 1900)
* Data connection: 3G (UMTS and HSDPA) and 2G (EDGE and GPRS)
* Bluetooth 2.0
* 1.3 megapixel camera that can take photographs and videos
** Picture resolutions: 1280 × 960, 640 × 480, 320 × 240, and 176 × 144
** Video resolutions: 320 × 240, and 176 × 144
** 2× digital zoom
** Self timer
** Brightness level adjustment
* Plays MP3, WMV, MP4 and 3GP media formats
* Battery: Removable 3.7 Volt Lithium-ion, 1,200 mAh, up to 5.5 hours of talk time and up to 11 days of standby
* Size: 4.45×2.32×0.4 inches
* Weight: 3.5 ounces

## Brand controversy

In January 2007 Research In Motion, creators of the BlackBerry handhelds, filed suit in United States federal court claiming the BlackJack trademark was too similar to the BlackBerry mark. They alleged that Samsung had named their smartphone with a word beginning with "Black" just to mislead the customers that would come to the cellphone stores with the intention to purchase a BlackBerry. A month later the two parties settled out of court. In January 2008, Rogers Wireless and Fido Solutions released the Blackjack II in Canada under the name Jack.

## Hardware defect

For handsets manufactured between November 2006 and February 2007, there is a known defect in the antenna assembly, causing a large number of dropped calls.

## Successor

The successor to the BlackJack was the Samsung BlackJack II. It was available in the U.S. for AT&T and in Canada for Rogers.

## Awards

* Award Winner from CTIA (Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association). "Best hardware from Smartphone/PDA category."
* Winner of comparison review from 'Samsung BlackJack and RIM BlackBerry 8800' by CNET.
# Girraj Singh Malinga

Girraj Singh Malinga is an Indian politician from Rajasthan who has served in the Bari Rajasthan Legislative Assembly since 2008. He previously served in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from 2008 to 2018.
# Mark Macapagal

Mark P. Macapagal (born September 20, 1979 in Pampanga) is a Filipino former professional basketball player and politician. He last played with the Meralco Bolts. He plays the shooting guard and small forward positions.

## Basketball career

After playing in Ginebra where he impressed many with his good outside shooting, Macapagal was involved in a four-team trade that sent him to Coca-Cola.
In the 2009–10 season, he stepped up as the primary scorer for the Coca-Cola Tigers as he averaged 11 points, 1.8 rebounds, 1.9 assists in 25.5 minutes. However, his performance was not enough for Coca-Cola to advance to the playoffs.

## Political career

Macapagal ran for municipal councilor in his native San Simon, Pampanga in 2019 and won. In 2020, Pampanga governor Dennis Pineda placed Macapagal, 5 other councilors, and the municipal mayor under preventive suspension for anomalies in regards to the town's purchase of land near the municipal hall. In 2022, Macapagal ran for vice mayor but was defeated. In 2024, the Department of the Interior and Local Government ordered Macapagal to pay fines equivalent to the six month salaries due to simple neglect of duty and simple misconduct.

## PBA career statistics
### Season-by-season averages

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2005–06 | Barangay Ginebra | 44 | 16.0 | .432 | .436 | .775 | 2.0 | .8 | .4 | .1 | 5.9 |
| 2006–07 | Barangay Ginebra | 48 | 14.9 | .330 | .314 | .746 | 1.6 | .7 | .4 | .1 | 5.6 |
| 2007–08 | Barangay Ginebra | 39 | 21.7 | .360 | .375 | .824 | 2.2 | 1.0 | .5 | .1 | 7.7 |
| 2007–08 | Coca-Cola | 39 | 21.7 | .360 | .375 | .824 | 2.2 | 1.0 | .5 | .1 | 7.7 |
| 2008–09 | Coca-Cola | 35 | 22.1 | .396 | .314 | .746 | 2.7 | 1.1 | .9 | .2 | 8.4 |
| 2009–10 | Coca-Cola | 37 | 25.3 | .386 | .329 | .796 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | .2 | 10.8 |
| 2010–11 | Powerade | 31 | 19.7 | .294 | .234 | .672 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .8 | .2 | 6.7 |
| 2011–12 | Meralco | 41 | 17.1 | .332 | .307 | .796 | 1.7 | .8 | .5 | .0 | 4.8 |
| 2012–13 | Barako Bull | 24 | 22.5 | .323 | .311 | .750 | 1.7 | .9 | .7 | .1 | 6.6 |
| 2013–14 | Barako Bull | 29 | 16.8 | .340 | .308 | .857 | 1.6 | .8 | .6 | .1 | 6.1 |
| 2013–14 | GlobalPort | 29 | 16.8 | .340 | .308 | .857 | 1.6 | .8 | .6 | .1 | 6.1 |
| 2014–15 | Meralco | 24 | 9.8 | .352 | .329 | .804 | .9 | .4 | .5 | .0 | 5.2 |
| Career | Career | 352 | 18.6 | .356 | .333 | .777 | 2.0 | 1.0 | .6 | .1 | 6.8 |
# Ravi Kinagi

Ravi Kinagi (alternative spellings: Rabi Kinagi, Rabi Kinnagi) is an Indian film director, documentary editor, and screenwriter. He works predominantly in Bengali and Odia cinema.

## Biography

Ravi Kinagi was born into a Kannada-speaking family. He learned the basics of filmmaking from his father Shankar Kinagi who was a producer and director. He was born and brought up in Mumbai. He worked with Rajshri Films when they were making Paheli, Naiyya, and Kanoon Ka Shikar. He also assisted S Ramanathan, Anil Ganguly, and Prashant Nanda. He then directed two Marathi films, Manuski and Halahal. Later he started making Odia films and later shifted to the Bengali film industry.

## Filmography
### As director

* Denotes films that have not yet been released
| Year | Film | Language | Cast |
| 1990 | Jibansangee | Bengali | Tapas Paul, Archana Joglekar |
| 1998 | Sonar Khancha | | |
| 1998 | Putuler Pratishodh | | |
| 2002 | Annadata | Bengali | Prosenjit Chatterjee, Sreelekha Mitra |
| 2003 | Champion | Bengal | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2004 | Premi | Bengali | Jeet, Jisshu U Sengupta, Chandana Sharma |
| 2004 | Mastan | Bengali | Jeet, Swastika Mukherjee |
| 2004 | Bandhan | Bengali | Jeet, Koel Mallick |
| 2005 | Yuddho | Bengali | Mithun Chakraborty, Debashree Roy, Jeet, Koel Mallick |
| 2006 | Agni Pariksha | Bengali | Prosenjit Chatterjee, Priyanka Trivedi |
| 2007 | I Love You | Bengali | Dev, Payel Sarkar |
| 2008 | Premer Kahini | Bengali | Dev, Koel Mallick |
| 2008 | Bhalobasa Bhalobasa | Bengali | Hiran, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2009 | Poran Jaye Jolia Re | Bengali | Dev, Subhashree Ganguly |
| 2010 | Wanted | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2010 | Josh | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2011 | Fighter | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2012 | 100% Love | Bengali | Jeet, Koel Mallick |
| 2012 | Awara | Bengali | Jeet, Sayantika Banerjee |
| 2013 | Deewana | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2014 | Bangali Babu English Mem | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Mimi Chakraborty |
| 2015 | Herogiri | Bengali | Mithun Chakraborty, Dev, Koel Mallick, Sayantika Banerjee |
| 2015 | Jamai 420 | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Hiran, Ankush, Payel Sarkar, Mimi Chakraborty, Nusrat Jahan |
| 2016 | Ki Kore Toke Bolbo | Bengali | Ankush, Mimi Chakraborty |
| 2017 | Ami Je Ke Tomar | Bengali | Ankush, Nusrat Jahan, Sayantika Banerjee |
| 2017 | Jio Pagla | Bengali | Jisshu Sengupta, Soham Chakraborty, Hiran Chatterjee, Bonny Sengupta, Srabanti Chatterjee, Payel Sarkar, Rittika Sen, Koushani Mukherjee |
| 2019 | Jamai Badal | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Hiran, Payel Sarkar, Koushani Mukherjee |
| 2021 | Miss Call | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Rittika Sen |

### Screenplay

* Bhalobasa Bhalobasa

### Odia film

| Year | Title |
| 1986 | Manini |
| 1988 | Suna Chadhei |
| 1989 | Ama Ghar Ama Sansar |
| 1990 | Pardesi Chadhei |
| 1990 | Jiban Sanghi |
| 1991 | Bhishma Pratigya |
| 1994 | Bhai Hela Bhagari |
| 1996 | Suna Panjuri |
| 1997 | Kandhei Aaakhire Luha |
| 1998 | Stree |
| 1999 | Pabitra Bandhan |
| 2002 | Sindura Nuhein Khela Ghara |
# Iqbal Naseer

Iqbal Naseer (Urdu: اقبال نصیر) is a Pakistani politician who is currently serving as a Chairman Public Accounts Committee Gilgit-Baltistan Council since 12 November 2021. He belongs to Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N).
# Mumbai Godfather

Mumbai Godfather is a 2005 Indian film directed by Deepak Balraj Vij starring Seema Biswas, Vikram Singh, Rinku Ghosh and Manoj Joshi. The film was released on 23 September 2005.

## Plot

The protagonist of the film is Romeo (Vikram Singh), who is in love with Shalu (Rinku Ghosh), an exotic dancer. He visits the pub where she works which gets raided by the police. He is arrested for possession of a firearm. The gun was handed to him seconds before the raid began by the character Manoj Masti Bhai (manoj Joshi).
Romeo becomes the victim of police brutality in prison. Angered by his mistreatment, he swears vengeance and, upon his release, solicits the help of Mumbai underworld don Vijay Bhaichara (Govind Namdeo) so as to kill Masti Bhai. The law, represented by encounter specialist Anjali (Seema Biswas) is on to grab the killer. Meanwhile, Romeo is getting in deeper with the criminal world in Mumbai. He forms a gang with Shalu and Vijay Bhaichara. Vijay has a falling-out with Romeo after Romeo kills a wealthy businessman named Naresh Jindal without informing Vijay.
An enraged Vijay becomes Romeo's arch rival. He sides with Inspector Anjali to finish Romeo in an encounter. One by one, Romeo's associates and friends are killed.
Eventually, Romeo decides to abandon his life of crime and start anew. However, his past catches up with him. Romeo is involved in an altercation with the law in which he is shot 6 times, but somehow survives.

## Cast

* Seema Biswas
* Vikram Singh
* Rinku Ghosh
* Manoj Joshi
* Govind Namdeo
* Rajeeta Kochhar
* Kishori Shahane
* Himani Shivpuri

## Critical reception

The film was reviewed by Indian film critic Taran Adarsh who had a low regard for it, calling it "dull fare". He wrote that the film's plotline was formulaic, and based on a premise that has been done many times before in Indian cinema. Yet, he express some admiration for Seema Biswas's character.
# Naz Ball

Naldra "Naz" Ball is a Welsh former football striker. She represented the Wales women's national football team and the English FA Women's Premier League clubs Arsenal and Wembley.

## Club career

In 1991–92, the first season of England's national women's league structure, Ball scored 23 goals as Arsenal pipped Abbeydale to promotion into the National Division. She also headed the winner in the inaugural Premier League Cup final in May 1992, as Arsenal beat Millwall Lionesses 1–0.
The following season Arsenal won a domestic treble. Ball scored in every round of the WFA Cup, and her headed goal in the 3–0 final win over Doncaster Belles was the 38th of a prolific campaign.
In April 1995, Ball, by then reduced to bit-part status, came on for the final two minutes of Arsenal's 3–2 FA Women's Cup final win over Liverpool Ladies. In 1995–1996 Ball played for Wembley Ladies – and won a last minute penalty kick as Wembley ultimately beat Doncaster Belles in the Premier League Cup final on 10 March 1996.
Ball featured for Wembley in the following season's 1–0 FA Women's Cup final defeat to Millwall Lionesses. She emerged from retirement to do so, aged 35, while working as an RAF stewardess.

## International career

Ball was capped at international level by Wales. In 1995 UEFA Women's Championship qualification Ball scored twice in her five appearances for Wales.
# Omar Haji Mohamed

Omar Haji Mohamed 'Masalle' (Somali: Cumar Xaaji Masalle); born 1934 in Beledweyne from a Marehan family. He a was a commander of the Somali military in the Hiiraan Region, which is located in Central Somalia. Before he joined the military, he was a language teacher. He also became a Somali Minister of Defence and health minister.
Masale was one of the commanding officers of the 1977 Ogaden War and was ethnically related to the late president Siad Barre (Siyaad Barre). Masale was the second deputy to the joint chiefs of staff and the head of the 2nd armored division (formerly 2nd Brigade). In 1991 Omar lead the SNF (Somali National Front) which stretched from Gedo to Kismaayo which was captured in 1999.
# .nl

.nl is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Netherlands. It is one of the most popular ccTLDs with over six million registered .nl domains as of 29 September 2020.
When cwi.nl was registered by Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica on 1986-05-01, .nl became the first active ccTLD outside the United States.

## Registry

Since 31 January 1996, .nl domains are registered by the Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland (SIDN, in English: Foundation for Internet Domain Registration Netherlands), based in Arnhem. Most registrars are ISPs, IT service bureaus and media service bureaus, but several large enterprises with many brand names have also become a registrar, or participant as SIDN calls them, which is a quite uncommon phenomenon in the domain name industry. Registrars have to pay SIDN a fee for each domain since 1 April 1996, until then registration was free. SIDN does not deal directly with registrants. In the early days, most of the registrants were universities and research departments of large companies, such as Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium.

## Second-level domains

Official second-level domains do not exist. A number of companies have taken the opportunity to register domains like co.nl and com.nl, using them to sell third-level domains. These are not affiliated with SIDN.
Individuals were allowed to register a second-level .nl domain since 2003. As a forerunner, individuals were allowed to register a third-level domain since 2000. Such 'personal domains' had the form of janjansen.123.nl. They never became popular, and registration has been suspended since 2006. Because there were only around 500 of such domains registered, in contrast to about 5 million second-level domains, SIDN announced the discontinuance of personal domains as of 2008 on 4 July 2007.

## Technical limitations

Unlike the majority of top level domains, .nl requires each nameserver to use a unique IP address. There must be at least two nameservers set, meaning at least two different IP addresses must be used. Other TLDs with this requirement are .ca and .cn.

## Other country-code TLDs under the Kingdom of Netherlands

* .an – ccTLD for the former multi-nation Netherlands Antilles federation
* .aw – ccTLD for Aruba
* .bq – ccTLD for the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)
* .cw – ccTLD for Curaçao
* .sx – ccTLD for Sint Maarten