OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pro-Israel America

Pro-Israel America (Pro-Israel America PAC) is an American advocacy and lobbying group that supports pro-Israel policies. It serves as a channel for donations between members and endorsed candidates, which includes incumbent Members of Congress or challengers regardless of political affiliation. It is closely affiliated with the American Israel Public Affairs Committee and has a bipartisan history of endorsements.

## History

Pro-Israel America was founded by Jeff Mendelsohn and Jonathan Missner in March 2019 and unveiled at the American Israel Public Affairs Committee Annual Policy Conference. Mendelsohn was AIPAC’s outreach director and Missner was previously the managing director of national affairs at AIPAC. The group was founded to encourage more grassroots support and small dollar donations for pro-Israel political candidates.
Noah Kulwin of HuffPost wrote that:
   "Creating a group like Pro-Israel America represents a huge strategic shift for AIPAC. For years, AIPAC has been able to publicly put distance between itself and the large sums of money that pro-Israel donors marshal on behalf of preferred candidates. By supporting new groups like Pro-Israel America...and giving them prime placement at its flagship conference — AIPAC is publicly linking itself to the kind of election cycle work it has long kept at arm’s length."
Sludge, a 501(c)(3) anti-corruption non-profit news website founded by the Participatory Politics Foundation, called Pro-Israel America "an AIPAC-Tied Group".

## Political activity
### 2020

At launch, Pro-Israel America endorsed 14 Democrats and 13 Republicans. The slate included Senators Susan Collins (R-ME), Cory Gardner (R-CO), Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Jim Risch (R-ID), Ben Sasse (R-NE), Chris Coons (D-DL), Doug Jones (D-AL) and Gary Peters (D-MI); Representatives Steny Hoyer (D-MD-5), Ted Deutch (D-FL-22), Eliot Engel (D-NY-16), Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ-5), Ted Lieu (D-CA-33), Nita Lowey (D-NY-17), Grace Meng (D-NY), Stephanie Murphy (D-FL-7), Brad Schneider (D-IL-10), Brad Sherman (D-CA-30), Juan Vargas (D-CA-51), Kevin McCarthy (R-CA-23), Steve Chabot (R-OH-1), Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA-1), Kay Granger (R-TX-12), Will Hurd (R-TX-23), Brian Mast (R-FL-18), Michael McCaul (R-TX-10) and Joe Wilson (R-SC-2).
Pro-Israel America raised $400,000 for Ilhan Omar's primary challenger, Antone Melton-Meaux. Omar won 58-38%. By July, the group had raised $2 million, amassed 150,000 members, and endorsed 52 candidates; 21 Republicans and 31 Democrats.
In a post-election impact report, Pro-Israel America reported that endorsed candidates had a 95% victory rate. According to OpenSecrets, 53% of contributions went to Democrats and 46% went to Republicans.

### 2021

Pro-Israel America endorsed Cuyahoga County Council member Shontel Brown in the Democratic primary for a 2021 special election in Ohio's 11th congressional district. Pro-Israel views were initially seen as an important factor of the race and an indicator of Democrat's views on Israel.
# Bachrach Studios

Bachrach Studios is an American photographic studio, believed to be one of the oldest continuously operating photography studios in the world.

## History

It was founded in Baltimore in 1868 by David Bachrach, Jr.
The studio's founder, David Bachrach, took the only photo of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. The studio has photographed every US Head of State since then, its founder having made it a goal to photograph all the important people he could. He sought and received permission to photograph such notables as Charles Lindbergh and Calvin Coolidge. The studio went on to produce portraits of Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Eleanor Roosevelt, Douglas Dobson, and Muhammad Ali, among others.
In 1919, the company hired Paul Gittings, who opened and managed Bachrach Studios in Texas. Crete Hutchinson was managing the Washington, D.C. studio in the 1920s. Bachrach Studio had forty-eight locations throughout the United States at its height in 1929. During the Great Depression, Bachrach scaled down the company and sold the Texas studios to Gittings.
Bachrach Studios remains a family business as of 2024.
# Oskar Jellvik

Oskar Jellvik is a Swedish ice hockey centre who plays for Djurgårdens IF J20 of J20 Nationell. He made his SHL debut for Djurgårdens IF during the 2020–21 season. Jellvik was drafted by the Boston Bruins in the fifth round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft with the 149th pick in the draft.
# Sin Town (1942 film)

Sin Town is a 1942 American Western film directed by Ray Enright and starring Constance Bennett, Broderick Crawford and Patric Knowles. It is set during the Texas Oil Boom of the early 20th century. The trio of Director Enright, Crawford, and Gwynne collaborated on another film the same year, "Men of Texas," which also revolves, to some extent, around the newspaper industry.

## Plot

In 1910, Laura Kirby is the editor of a local newspaper in a frontier town. She finds herself at odds with the devious Dude McNair and his accomplice, Kye Allen. The duo quickly embeds themselves in the town's sole gambling hub after forcibly ousting its owner, Rock Delaney. Nonetheless, Delaney, backed by his crew, makes a comeback, prompting McNair and Allen to seek opportunities elsewhere.

## Cast

* Constance Bennett as Kye Allen
* Broderick Crawford as Dude McNair
* Patric Knowles as Wade Crowell
* Anne Gwynne as Laura Kirby
* Leo Carrillo as Angelo Collina
* Andy Devine as 'Judge' Eustace Vale
* Ward Bond as Rock Delaney
* Arthur Aylesworth as Sheriff Bagby
* Ralf Harolde as 'Kentucky'Jones
* Charles Wagenheim as 'Dry-Hole'
* Billy Wayne as Hollister
* Hobart Bosworth as Humiston
* Bryant Washburn as Anderson
* Jack Mulhall as Hanson

## Production

According to the New York Times on July 31, 1942, Universal has signed Constance Bennett to play the feminine lead in Sin Town, a story of an oil-boom community, and the movie originally was planned for Marlene Dietrich. The cast included Broderick Crawford, Andy Devine and Leo Carrillo.
# 1523 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
This is a list of events that occurred in the year 1523 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian II (until 20 January); then Frederick I (in 1524)

## Events

* 20 January – Christian II is deposed as King of Norway.
* 31 January – Swedish forces occupy Ranrike.
* 1 July – Olav Torkelsson becomes Bishop of Bergen.
* November:
** 8–9 November – Hansa merchants expels all Scots from Bergen.
** Swedish War of Liberation ends. This marks the end for the Kalmar Union.
** Supporters of Christian II surrendered Akershus Fortress and Bergenhus Fortress to the Norwegian National Council.
* December – Olav Engelbrektsson becomes the Archbishop of Norway.

### Full date unknown

* Swedish forces besiges Akershus Fortress.

## Deaths

* Nils Henriksson, knight, landowner, National Counselor, Lord High Steward of Norway (born c. 1455)
# Mutant League Hockey

Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| Hyper | 66/100 |
Mutant League Hockey is an ice hockey video game that was released in 1994 for the Sega Genesis. It is follow up to Mutant League Football (1993).

## Gameplay

Unlike Mutant League Football which featured five mutant species, Mutant League Hockey narrows it down to three: robots, undead skeletons and trolls, removing aliens and superhumans. The game has the same tone as its predecessor, with special plays that can cause different things to happen like making the puck explode when it is picked up by an opposing player and bribing the referee to call fake penalties against the other team. Land mines and holes are also present on the ice.
The teams in the game are ranked by a rating of zero through six skulls.
As with Mutant League Football, hazards litter the ice and death is commonplace. Players may substitute their goalie for a demon goalie, a huge demon head that takes the place of the net; scoring on a demon goal causes it to explode. In addition, the crowd is prone to throwing weapons or other powerups onto the ice; they may be picked up and used freely. When a player dies, their corpse remains on the ice and may be tripped on; between periods, a giant slug acting as an ice resurfacer eats the debris littering the ice. As in real hockey, fights may break out. Fights in Mutant League Hockey are done as a minigame, where the objective is to knock out the opponent. Both players are still sent to the penalty box, but the player who got knocked out also takes an additional penalty for losing.
# Atwater Tract Office

The Atwater Tract Office is a historic train station located in Glendale, California. It was built in 1883, soon after Atwater Village had been settled, and served the city of Glendale from 1883 until its closing and demolition in 1922.

## History

In 1868 an early developer of Los Angeles, W.C.B. Richardson, bought the area that would become Atwater Village and most of what is now modern-day Glendale for $51 (equivalent to $1,205 in 2024). The City of Los Angeles decided to run a rail line through Glendale so residents would have an easier commute to and from Los Angeles. After line was completed, the City of Los Angeles built a train station at Atwater Village, naming it for the village. The Pacific Electric Railway Company constructed their interurban line adjacent to the station in the early 1900s.
The Atwater Tract Office continued to serve the City of Glendale until 1922 when the city decided a larger station was needed to serve more passengers. In January 1922, the Atwater Tract Office closed and was demolished soon after. Droves of construction workers came to Glendale to build the new station and most of them took up residence in Atwater Village, claiming every remaining empty lot. In 1923, the new Glendale train station was completed. Most of the workers who built the new station continued to live in Atwater Village.
# Scoter

The scoters are stocky seaducks in the genus Melanitta. The drakes are mostly black and have swollen bills, the females are brown. They breed in the far north of Europe, Asia, and North America, and winter further south in temperate zones of those continents. They form large flocks on suitable coastal waters. These are tightly packed, and the birds tend to take off together. Their lined nests are built on the ground close to the sea, lakes or rivers, in woodland or tundra. These species dive for crustaceans and molluscs.

## Taxonomy

The genus Melanitta was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1822. The type species was designated in 1838 as the velvet scoter by Thomas Campbell Eyton. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek melas meaning "black" and netta meaning "duck".
The genus contains six species:
Genus Melanitta – F. Boie, 1822 – six species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| black or American scoter Male Female | Melanitta americana (Swainson, 1832) | north of North America in Labrador and Newfoundland to the southeast Hudson Bay | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| common scoter Male Female | Melanitta nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) | north of Europe and Asia east to the Olenyok River | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| velvet scoter Male Female | Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus, 1758) | eastern Turkey, Europe as far south as Great Britain, and on the Black and Caspian Sea | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
| white-winged scoter Male Female | Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850) | North America | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Stejneger's scoter Male | Melanitta stejnegeri (Ridgway, 1887) | far north of Asia east of the Yenisey Basin | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| surf scoter Male Female | Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) | North America, mostly in Northern Canada and Alaska | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
A fossil species, Melanitta kirbori, is known from the Early Pleistocene of Crimea. The presumed fossil "scoter" Melanitta ceruttii, which lived in California during the Late Pliocene, is now placed in the genus Histrionicus.
# Notable Black American Women

Notable Black American Women is a three-volume series by Jessie Carney Smith profiling 1,100 Black American women. The first volume, with 500 profiles, was published in 1992, the second in 1994, and the third in 2003, all by Gale. Smith spent more than twenty years researching for the book.

## Writing and publication

Jessie Carney Smith was a professor at Fisk University who also worked as a librarian. For twenty years she researched Black women as she worked, recording information she came across. She developed this information into a list of 1,000 women and over the course of two years built the first volume, with more than two hundred people helping. Smith later said that she woke up between 4:00 and 4:30 in the morning every day, worked until 6:00 before leaving for work, where she continued to research. The first volume of Notable Black American Women was completed in December 1991 and published by Gale. Book one contained five hundred profiles, was 1,334 pages long, and weighed six pounds, but by February 1992 she already had three hundred names for inclusion in book two, which was set for publication in 1997, again by Gale. She condensed the volume into Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference, which was published by Visible Ink Press.
The second volume was actually published in 1994. Volume three was published in 2003, bringing the total of women profiled to 1,100. The third book included an index divided geographically and by occupation and subject covering all three volumes.

## Reception

A reviewer of the first volume considered the profiles "extensive" and "well written" and concluded that it was "an outstanding volume". A review of the third volume called the series "excellent".
# Dog Gone (1926 film)

Dog Gone is a silent animated short subject featuring Mutt and Jeff, the two title characters from Bud Fisher's comic strip. The cartoon is the eighth to last in the characters' long-running film series.
Originally in black-and white, this was one of the eleven Mutt and Jeff cartoons that were redrawn colorized in 1973 by Radio and Television Packagers.

## Plot

Mutt has been selected to judge a dog show. As a scheme, he tells Jeff to participate, assuring the latter will come out the victor.
Later, when the dog show is about to begin, Jeff puts on a dog suit before entering. At the contest, Mutt observes the other dogs. Mutt then approaches Jeff whom he momentarily declares the winner. This provoked great envy from the other dogs as they chase Jeff out of the scene. Mutt also runs to save his buddy.
Moments after being pursued, Jeff manages to lure the dogs into the container of a horse-drawn carriage. While he tries to get away, the carriage's driver catches and tosses him inside too.
The carriage arrives at a sausage plant. The driver then inserts the dogs through an opening on the plant's wall where they slide into a machine which turns them into sausages. Not wanting to share their fate, Jeff tries his best to avoid dropping in. After some trouble with a broom-wielding worker, Jeff partially falls into the machine. Fortunately, he is able to get off, and only his dog suit gets devoured. Meanwhile, Mutt eventually finds and enters the carriage. As a consequence, the driver, thinking there is one more dog left, obliviously passes Mutt into the machine. Mutt somehow gets stuck midway with legs sticking out. Jeff then pulls out his buddy, until they drop through the opening. When they are outside, Jeff notices Mutt's disfigured body, and laughs. Annoyed by this, Mutt pounds and knocks out Jeff.
# Virginia's 37th House of Delegates district

Virginia's 37th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 37 represents Fairfax City and part of Fairfax County. The seat is currently held by David Bulova.

## District officeholders

| Years | Delegate | Delegate | Party | Electoral history |
| January 12, 1983 – January 13, 1988 | | Stephen E. Gordy | Republican | Declined to seek reelection |
| January 13, 1988 – January 8, 1992 | | Jane Woods | Republican | Declined to seek reelection; Elected to the Senate of Virginia |
| January 8, 1992 – November 29, 1996 | | Bob Harris | Republican | Died in office |
| January 3, 1997 – January 9, 2002 | | Jack Rust | Republican | Lost reelection |
| January 9, 2002 – January 11, 2006 | | Chap Petersen | Democratic | Declined to seek reelection; Elected to the Senate of Virginia |
| January 11, 2006 – 2024 | | David Bulova | Democratic | First elected in 2005 |
| January 2024 – present | Terry Austin | Republican | First elected in 2013 |
# Grigory Lishin

Grigory Andreevich Lishin (Лишин, Григорий Андреевич St Petersburg, 23 April 1854 - 15 June 1888) was a poet, theatre critic and composer from the Russian Empire. He composed two operas after texts of Pushkin: Graf Nulin (after Count Nulin) and Tsigane (after The Gypsies), but was mainly known for his songs.

## Selected recordings

The song "Она хохотала" (She laughed) was recorded by Chaliapin and later by Raffaele Arie.
# Auburn station (California)

Auburn station is an Amtrak station in Auburn, California. Located at the corner of Nevada Street and Fulweiler Street, it serves as the northern terminus of the Capitol Corridor line. The station is not staffed. The platform is next to a short spur track off Track 2 of Union Pacific Railroad's route over Donner Pass. Because of the geography of the city, the Union Pacific's mainline tracks are split, with Track 1 running through the eastern side of the city and Track 2 crossing the western side of the city. The California Zephyr bypasses the city on its route between Roseville and Colfax primarily via Track 1. Auburn became a stop on Amtrak's Capitol Corridor in January 1998.
It is served by one round trip per day from Oakland, and one weekend round trip per day from San Jose. The latter is the only round trip running along the entire 168 mi (270 km) length of the corridor. The station is also served by two Amtrak Thruway routes – one between the station and Sacramento and one between Sacramento and Sparks, Nevada. The latter route stops only to discharge passengers towards Sparks and only to receive passengers towards Sacramento.
Auburn served 13,352 passengers boarding or detraining in fiscal year 2017.
In March 2008, the station (formerly Auburn Multimodal Station) was renamed Robert F. Conheim Auburn Train Station after a long-time Auburn rail rider, who died the previous year.
# California News Publishers Association

The California News Publishers Association (CNPA) is a nonprofit trade association founded in 1888 that represents the daily, weekly, monthly, and campus newspapers of California. Its diverse membership consists of over 700 newspapers that elect 35 individuals to its governing board of directors. CNPA's mission statement reads:
   To champion the ideals of a free press in our democratic society, and to promote the quality and economic health of California newspapers.
The association influences legislation on behalf of free speech in Sacramento, sponsors an annual newspaper contest and convention, and offers seminars on media law, production, writing and editing, advertising, and circulation.

## Better Newspapers Contest

CNPA sponsors an annual Better Newspapers Contest (BNC) to recognize the most outstanding journalistic achievements published by California newspapers. Daily and weekly publications compete in separate divisions based on circulation.
CNPA also sponsors an annual Campus Excellence in Journalism offering separate divisions of competition for high schools, 2-year colleges, and 4-year universities. The Campus newspapers compete in many categories involving writing, photography and general excellence.

## Freedom of Information

In July 2007, the CNPA intervened in litigation on the side of requiring Vista, California to release the names of 111 employers who use day-laborers. Vista passed an ordinance in June 2006 requiring that employers who use day-laborers register with the city. In June 2007, a member of the Vista Citizens Brigade, said to be an offshoot of the anti-illegal immigration Minutemen Project, filed an open records request with the city of Vista asking for the list of names.
The American Civil Liberties Union filed a request with the court asking that the names be withheld, and a judge granted a temporary restraining order. Subsequently, the CNPA intervened, asking that the names be released.

## Sister organizations

* CNPA Services, Inc. was established in July 1992 to accommodate entrepreneurial ventures.
* CNPA Foundation is a nonprofit corporation organized in October 1993 to raise funds through tax deductible contributions for internships and other educational activities for journalism.
# Kouji Miura

Kouji Miura (三浦 糀, Miura Kōji, born 28 March 1995) is a Japanese manga artist best known for the I Love You, My Teacher and Blue Box manga series. She won a special honorable mention for new artists at the 90th Weekly Shōnen Magazine Awards in 2013, and a second honorable mention at the 91st Weekly Shōnen Magazine Awards that same year. In 2017, her one-shot of I Love You, My Teacher won the Magazine Pocket One-Shot award. Her one-shot Parasol Alliance won the Garyokin Pro Drawing King Award in 2019, and Blue Box won the Global Prize at the 2021 Next Manga Awards.
She has used Satoshi Yūki and Amami as pseudonyms during her manga career.

## Biography

Kouji Miura was born on 28 March 1995. She graduated from the Department of Arts and Culture at Musashino Art University. Her debut work was the one-shot manga Yoku to (よくと) under the pseudonym Satoshi Yūki (結城智史, Yūki Satoshi). It won a Newcomers Special Honorable Mention at the 90th Weekly Shōnen Magazine Awards. Her second one-shot manga, thirst, won an Honorable Mention at the 91st Weekly Shōnen Magazine Awards. It was subsequently released in the January 2014 issue of Magazine Special.
Her first serialized story, Aozora Rubber (青空ラバー, Aozora Rabā), ran from 2015 to 2016 on the mobile manga app Manga Box. A one-shot version of I Love You, My Teacher won a contest on the Magazine Pocket web comics site, where it was published on January 25, 2017. It was subsequently published in the print manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine in 2017 issue 25 where it was popular with readers, who called it "cute and erotic". Because of that positive reader response, Teacher was serialized from issue 4/5 to issue 28 of Weekly Shōnen Magazine. It moved to Magazine Pocket beginning 4 July 2018 before finishing its run on 29 August with a total of 33 chapters.
Miura received the Drawing King Gold Award from Shueisha for the one-shot Parasol Alliance, which was published in the Spring 2020 issue of Jump Giga. The romantic comedy Blue Box began serialization in issue 2021 #19 of Weekly Shōnen Jump, where it is currently running. It won the Global Prize at the 2021 Next Manga Awards, where it also placed 8th overall in the Best Print Manga category. Viz Media is releasing the series in print and digitally English in North America.