OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of wars involving Magadha

This is a list of wars involving the political entities based in the Magadha region of India.

## Magadhan polities

| Conflict | Magadha and Allies | Opponent(s) | Outcome |
| Magadha–Anga war (540–535 BCE) | Haryanka dynasty | Anga | Victory :Magadha annexation of Anga. |
| First Magadha–Avanti War (544–413 BCE) | Haryanka dynasty | Avanti | Defeat: Magadha failed to annex Avanti. |
| Magadha–Kosala War (Late 5th century BCE) | Haryanka dynasty | Kosala | Victory: Magadha annexation of Kosala. |
| Magadha–Vajji war (484–468 BCE) | Haryanka dynasty | Vajjika League | Victory: Magadha annexation of Vajjika Republic. |
| Second Magadha–Avanti War (413–400 BCE) | Shishunaga dynasty | Avanti | Victory: Magadha annexation of Avanti. |
| Nanda's conquest of Northern India (c.345 - 321 BCE) | Nanda dynasty | North Indian states | Victory |
| Overthrow of the Nanda dynasty (c. 323–321 BCE) | Nanda dynasty | Chandragupta Maurya | Defeat: Establishment of the Mauryan Empire over annexed Nanda territories. |
| Chandragupta's conquest of North-western India (c. Early 3rd century BCE) | Maurya dynasty | Greek satrapies | Victory: All remaining Macedon satrapies defeated. |
| Chandragupta's Conquests of Deccan (c. Early 3rd century BCE) | Maurya dynasty | Deccan states | Victory: Chandragupta's reign extended over most of the subcontinent. |
| Seleucid–Mauryan War (305–303 BCE) | Maurya dynasty | Seleucid Empire | Victory: Treaty of the Indus; Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies such as Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Paropamisadae ceded to the Maurya Empire. |
| First Takshashila Revolt (c. Late 3rd century BCE) | Maurya dynasty | Rebels | Victory: Prince Ashoka stops the revolt. |
| Second Takshashila Revolt (c. Late 3rd century BCE) | Maurya dynasty | Rebels | Defeat: Prince Shushima fails to stop the revolt. |
| Kalinga War (c. 262–261 BCE) | Maurya dynasty | Kalinga | Victory: Kalinga annexed by Mauryan dynasty. |
| Mauryan Reconquest (c. Early 2nd century BCE) | Maurya dynasty | Breakaway Deccan states & Kalinga | Victory: Imperial soldiers disguised as Jain monks reconquer breakaway territories. |
| Shunga–Greek War (c. Late 2nd century BCE) Demetrius I's invasion of India | Shunga dynasty | Greco-Bactrian Kingdom & Indo-Greek Kingdom | Victory: Shungas managed to resist the invasion. |
| Shunga–Vidarbha War (c. Mid 1st century BCE) | Shunga dynasty | Vidarbha | Victory: Vidarbha recognized the suzerainty of the Shunga rulers. |
| Kanva–Satavahana War (28 BCE) | Kanva dynasty | Satavahana dynasty | Defeat |
# IBCA 2005

The International Biennale of Contemporary Art 2005: A Second Sight (IBCA 2005) was a contemporary art exhibition from June 14 to September 11, 2005, held in the National Gallery, Prague, in the Czech Republic.
The Biennale was held under the auspices of Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic, and Pavel Bém, Lord Mayor of the capital city, Prague. IBCA 2005 focused on the transitional phenomena of post-modern culture in response to new creative ideas of artists resulting from changes in contemporary civilization.
The International Biennale showcased trends in photography, VideoArt and new communication media. There was also a presentation of “traditional” media, particularly painting. More uniquely, the Biennale also presented theatre and music performances designed as a natural part of free art work, traversing traditional fine art forms. In addition, there were interactive projects, allowing a dialogue between artists and the audience.
The Biennale presented 800 works of art by 400 artists from 20 countries around the world, including 56 video projects, 90 photographic works, 34 installations and 6 communication-based projects; 225 contemporary paintings and other artwork are also slated for display. It included a festival of contemporary alternative theatre and music held in the Veletržní Palace cinema.
IBCA 2005 was prepared by an international team of curators from more than 15 countries on five continents. Projects were presented from, among others, China, South Africa, Latin America, the United States, Canada and Northern, Central and Eastern European countries; contemporary Russian art was also represented.
# Rumbi Katedza

Rumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who was born on 17 January 1974.

## Early life and education

She did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare, Zimbabwe. Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995. In 2008 Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. She also holds a MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.

## Work and filmography

Katedza has experience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radio shows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts and Culture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006, she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, she produced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has produced numerous films and television productions under the banner namely
* Tariro (2008);
* Big House, Small House (2009);
* The Axe and the Tree (2011);
* The Team (2011)
* Playing Warriors (2012)
Her early works include:
* Danai (2002);
* Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);
* Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, Marcus Korhonen);
* Asylum (2007);
* Insecurity Guard (2007)
Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the National Arts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalf of the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to actively support the film industry.
# Branchville station

Branchville station is a commuter rail station on the Danbury Branch of the Metro-North Railroad New Haven Line, located in the Branchville neighborhood of Ridgefield, Connecticut.

## History

Ridgefield opened in 1852 as an original station on the Danbury and Norwalk Railroad. The name was changed to Branchville upon the 1870 opening of the Ridgefield Branch. A new station building was built around 1887 and served until the current station house was built in 1905. The building is currently occupied by the Whistle Stop Bakery, which opened in the 1980s. The Ridgefield Branch was used for passenger service until 1925 and for freight service until 1964.

## Station layout

The station has one three-car-long high-level side platform to the west of the single track. A 1,500-foot (460 m) passing siding extends north from the station.$^{:27}$
The station has 168 parking spaces, is owned by the Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT), and managed by the town. However, Metro-North is responsible for trash removal.
# Qarah Qasemlu

Qarah Qasemlu (Persian: قرهقاسملو) is a village in Gug Tappeh Rural District of the Central District in Bileh Savar County, Ardabil province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,666 in 346 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,742 people in 457 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,529 people in 450 households.
# Juszowice

Juszowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudna, within Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Lubin, and 68 km (42 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Sagarika (TV series)

Sagarika was an Indian Bengali television soap opera that premiered on 3 February 2019 and airs on Sun Bangla every day. The show was produced by Acropoliis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. It stars Ritika Seth and Kritish Chaakaraborty in lead roles and Uponita Bnaerjee, Shreyasree Samanta, and Arindam Banerjee in prominent supporting roles. The show went off air on 25 August 2019 due to constantantly low trp ratings.

## Plot

Sagarika is a sport based, new age progressive story of a woman, inspired by swimming legends of Bengal who dared to dream and achieve. The story begins with Rai, a village girl from a very modest background, who has a big dream of conquering the world of swimming and crossing the seven seas. In her pursuits, she faces various hurdles from the society, family, rivals and from her in-laws.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Ritika Seth
* Kritish Chaakaraborty as Sanjay Laha
# Onondaga School of Therapeutic Massage

The Onondaga School of Therapeutic Massage (OSTM) was a private for-profit massage school with campuses in Syracuse and Rochester, New York. Founded by Douglas Van D’Elia and Elizabeth Goldenberg, the Onondaga School of Therapeutic Massage was approved by the New York State Department of Education in 1997. The school was named after the region where the first campus is located, the Onondaga County region of New York. A branch campus opened in Rochester, NY in 2000.
The Onondaga School of Therapeutic Massage closed its doors December 10th, 2021 at both the Syracuse and Rochester locations. A buyer was looking into buying the Rochester location and reopening, but nothing ever came of that and the website no longer exists.
OSTM provided students with a massage therapy education through the New York State Department of Education. After completion of a 1,000 hour program (over 6, 12 or 15 months), graduates were eligible to take the New York State Board examination for licensure in Massage Therapy .
Per New York State requirements, students complete 1000 hours of massage therapy education, including:
* Anatomy and physiology with Neurology
* Myology
* Pathology
* Swedish massage
* Shiatsu
* Sports massage
* Energy Work
* Other coursework (Business, Law, Pregnancy Massage, Chair Massage, Treatment Techniques, CPR/First Aid, etc.)
# Helen Colin

Helen Colin, born Hela Goldstein (April 15, 1923 - July 22, 2016) was a Jewish survivor of the Holocaust. On April 24, 1945, she gave the first audio-visual testimony provided by a Holocaust survivor.

## Early life

Helen Colin was born Hela Goldstein in Tuszyn, Poland to Miriam (Fried) and Joseph Goldstein. She had an older sister, Stefa, an older brother, Romek, and a younger sister, Celine (Selinka).

## The Holocaust

After the Nazis invaded Poland, Colin's father applied for visas to enter Israel, then the British Mandate of Palestine. Colin's sister, Stefa, contracted appendicitis the night before their departure and the family missed their ship.
The Goldsteins were forced into the Łódź Ghetto in 1942. Joseph Goldstein died while in the ghetto. His body was found by Colin and Stefa Goldstein in a pile of corpses after he did not return home after a day of forced labour.
Colin married Kopel Colin while in the ghetto.
During the 1944 liquidation of the ghetto, Colin, her husband, mother, and siblings were sent to Auschwitz where her mother, brother, and sister, Selinka, were murdered in the gas chambers.
Colin and her sister, Stefa, were selected as slave laborers and were moved between various concentration camps. Colin contracted typhus, but survived.
The sisters were last enslaved at Bergen-Belsen until its liberation on April 15, 1945.

## Testimony

On April 24, 1945, the British Army Film and Photographic unit filmed Colin as she spoke about her experiences. At the time, she was standing near a mass grave holding over 5,000 bodies.
Colin's testimony was the first audio-visual account provided by a victim of The Holocaust.

## Post-Holocaust

Colin and Stefa were sent to a displaced persons camp in Germany where Colin's husband, Kopel, located them.
Hela and Kopel Colin immigrated to America in late 1946. They briefly lived in New York before moving to Houston where they opened a jewelry store.
The couple had two daughters, Muriel and Jeanie.
Hela, who was later known as Helen, continued to tell her story and recorded interviews for the USC Shoah Foundation and the Holocaust Museum Houston.
Her memoir, My Dream of Freedom: From Holocaust to My Beloved America, was published in March 2013.

## Death

Colin died on July 22, 2016, at the age of 93.

## Publications

My Dream of Freedom: From Holocaust to My Beloved America, March 24, 2013
# Rick Hillenbrand

Frederick "Rick" Hillenbrand is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 88th district.

## Biography

Hillenbrand served in the United States Navy from 1978 to 1999. He qualified as an Unrestricted Line Officer in Submarines before becoming an Engineering Duty Officer, retiring as a Commander. He earned a Bachelor Engineering degree from State University of New York Maritime College in 1978. He earned two graduate degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1984, a Master of Science in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, and an Ocean Engineers degree. He is an Episcopalian. He moved to Hampshire County, West Virginia in 2011. He is an Eagle Scout and has volunteered for the organization for decades and is the recipient of many Scouting awards including the Silver Beaver, Silver Antelope and Silver Buffalo.
# Tiedonantaja

Tiedonantaja (Finnish pronunciation:, "Informant") is a Finnish leftist monthly newspaper published in Helsinki, Finland. It is the party organ of the new Communist Party of Finland (SKP).
Tiedonantaja's current editor-in-chief is Petra Packalén who was preceded by Marko Korvela (2012–2018) and Erkki Susi (1983–2012).

## History and profile

Tiedonantaja was founded in 1968 as the paper of the taistoist minority faction of the Communist Party of Finland until the opposition was expelled in the mid-1980s. During the 1970s and in the first half of the 1980s Kansan Uutiset represented the moderates in the party whereas Tiedonantaja was the organ of the doctrinaire faction. In the late 1980s, the paper was also the organ of the electoral front, Democratic Alternative.
Tiedonantaja was first published irregularly by the Uusimaa district organisation of the SKP. It became a nationwide publication after other taistoist districts joined, and in 1970 the paper began to be published on a weekly basis. In 1972, Tiedonantaja was published three times a week and from 1973 onwards, four times a week. The paper reduced back to its weekly format in 1990. Tiedonantaja became a monthly newspaper in 2018.
In the 1970s, Tiedonantaja had a circulation of about 30,000. Its circulation was 6,000 copies in 2010. Over 50,000 people sent May Day and new year's greetings, which were published in the special editions.
# Shannon K

Shannon K is an American singer and actress. She started her singing career with Poo Bear with the song “A Long Time” in 2018. She debuted as an actress in the movie The Big Feed in 2020 with Manolo Vergara in COVID period.

## Early life and education

Shannon K was born in Mumbai, India. She studied music at the Royal Academy of Music, London, and acted at the prestigious Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute in the US.

## Career
### Singing career

She debuted with Poo Bear with the song “A Long Time” in 2018. The music video for the song has received over 41,000,000 views on YouTube.
She collaborated with music producer Kyle Townsend in support of victims of bullying, "Give Me Your Hand". The song was premiered by Billboard magazine. The song was co-written with Annabel, Shannon K's younger sister, in support of the anti-bullying charity Love is Louder, which is part of The Jed Foundation. Shannon stated that she suffered from bullying while growing up so she continues to support this cause. The song won the HMMA Award for best original song.
Shannon has collaborated with Bollywood singer Sonu Nigam, and released the love song "OMT" in November 2018.

### Acting career

She debuted in American movies with a cameo in Manolo Vergara’s, The Big Feed. She is currently working on a TV series, Mystical Inheritance of Adina Hassan, with American actor Ryan Kelley and a short film, Rolling.

## Movie

* The Big Feed (2020)
* Chal Zindagi
* Social Mandiya – (2021)
* Rolling (Short film) – (2023)
* Hindi - Vindi

## TV

* Mystical Inheritance of Adina Hassan (pre-production)

## Award

Shannon K became the recipient of the Wow Outstanding Female Singer Par Excellence Award in 2021.
# Precious Death

Precious Death was a Southern California heavy metal band from the 1990s. The group was known for intense live shows that won over the local scene in L.A. before broadening their audience the rest of the country. They were a regular favorite at KNAC nights, on the Hollywood strip, and at summer music festivals. The group wrote songs with a Christian message. Singer Christopher Scott and guitarist David Bishop went on to form Blackball as a side project. Precious Death won album of the year and rock song of the year at the LA Music Awards and was nominated for Dove awards. The band's album, Southpaw, was ranked in one of the Top 10 essential Christian metal albums by Loudersound.

## Members

* Christopher Scott - vocals (1990–present)
* David Bishop - guitars (1987–present)
* Roger Sampson - drums (1988–present)
* Andy Koehler - bass (1987–present)
* Jerry Metalone - guitars (1987-1990, present)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Our Stinkin Demo (1992)
* Southpaw (1993)
* If You Must (1994)
* Precious Death (New Music For The Quiet Revolution) (1996)
* The Greatest Hits: Volume One (2021)
* The Greatest Hits: Volume Two (2021)
* Oddballs and Endings: Things left unsaid (2021)
# Paul Greville

Paul Greville (born 1984/1985) is an Irish former dual player from County Westmeath.

## Playing career
### Club

Greville played club football with Killucan, winning the 2005 Westmeath Intermediate Football Championship, and club hurling with Raharney, winning Westmeath Senior Hurling Championship titles in 2006, 2008 and 2010.
In mid-2020, Greville moved to Tyrone GAA club Derrytresk.
Greville also signed for Naomh Colum Cille, a hurling team in Tyrone, and won the 2021 Tyrone Junior Hurling Championship, scoring 0–4 from play in the final vs Omagh St Enda's.

### Inter-county

Greville played both Gaelic football and hurling with Westmeath GAA, and was part of the teams that won the Christy Ring Cup in 2005 and 2007.
He won both National Hurling League and National Football League medals while playing for Westmeath.
Greville made a half-time substitute appearance for Westmeath in the 2015 Leinster Senior Football Championship final.
He retired from inter-county hurling in November 2019, and took up a role in the backroom management team of newly apponted Shane O'Brien.
# Ma Jiajue

Ma Jiajue (simplified Chinese: 马加爵; traditional Chinese: 馬加爵; pinyin: Mǎ Jiājué; 4 May 1981 – 17 June 2004) was a Chinese biochemistry student at Yunnan University in Kunming who murdered four dormitory roommates in February 2004, whose bodies were found in a closet at the university dorm. Ma was later convicted and executed for the quadruple murder.

## Early life

Ma, who came from a remote farming village in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, was the son of his father Ma Jianfu and mother Li Fengying; he had an older brother and two sisters. He attended Binzhou Middle School for junior high school, where he was a top student, and Binyang Middle School for high school, where his academic effort diminished.
In November 1999 he ran away from home out of fear that he would not be able to pass the gaokao college entrance exam. He was discovered by police in Guigang in eastern Guangxi after his school reported his disappearance, and received a disciplinary punishment upon his return. After passing his gaokao, Ma, the pride of his family, was given his family's meager savings; he enrolled in Yunnan University in September 2000, as a biochemistry student.

## Murders and aftermath

According to his confession, Ma, in his final year of university, used a hammer to kill his four roommates, who were fellow students at Yunnan University, between February 13 and 15 2004. The roommates died due to blunt-force trauma. Ma said that he killed them because his roommates, who came from wealthier families, had accused him of cheating in a card game, and had bullied him regarding his plans for the Lunar New Year holiday. On February 23, following the holiday break, the roommates' bodies were discovered in a dormitory closet.
Ma Jiajue fled following the murders and was on the run for 21 days. Police offered a 200,000 yuan (US$24,000) reward for information that would result in his apprehension. On March 15 he was captured in Sanya, in South China's Hainan Province, 900 kilometres (560 mi) southeast of the crime scene.

## Legal proceedings and execution

The Intermediate People's Court of Kunming in southwest China's Yunnan Province sentenced Ma Jiajue to death on April 24. The Yunnan Provincial Higher People's Court did an automatic review of the verdict, and upheld it. On June 17, 2004, Ma Jiajue was executed.

## Legacy

In 2004, Xinhua stated: "The murder case has attracted nationwide attention, with experts and ordinary people heatedly discussing how a college student could choose to kill his young schoolmates."
# Cable-stayed suspension bridge

A cable-stayed suspension bridge or CSS bridge merges the designs of cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges. The suspension bridge's architecture is better at handling the load in the middle of the bridge, while the cable stayed bridge is better suited to handle the load closest to the tower. Combining these two architectural engineering ideas into a hybrid has been done in Istanbul with the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, and in New York City with the Brooklyn Bridge. A bridge over the Krishna River in India has been approved in October 2022 that will be a CSS bridge design.

## Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge

In Turkey the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge over the Bosporus Strait opened in August 2016. The main span is 1,408 m (4,619 ft) long and is the 13th-longest bridge span in the world.
# Chikuho, Fukuoka

Chikuho (筑穂町, Chikuho-machi) was a town located in Kaho District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,009 and a density of 147.16 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 74.81 km$^2$.
On March 26, 2006, Chikuho, along with the towns of Honami, Kaita and Shōnai (all from Kaho District), was merged into the expanded city of Iizuka.

## Primary and secondary schools

The city formerly had a North Korean school, Chikuho Korean Elementary School (筑豊朝鮮初級学校).
# Carsten Nagel

Carsten Nagel (born 1955 in Copenhagen) is a Danish author of 12 published books, including novels and short story collections, plus a feature-length film, short film and a play.
# Claude Willoughby

Claude William Willoughby (November 14, 1898– August 14, 1973), was an American professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates from 1925 to 1931. He was nicknamed "Weeping Willie" and "Flunky". In 219 games pitched, 101 of which were starts, Willoughby recorded a 38-58 win–loss record with a 5.84 earned run average (ERA) and 175 strikeouts in 841+1⁄3 innings pitched over seven seasons.

## MLB career

In 1929, Willoughby led the Phillies in both wins (15) and ERA (4.99). He also walked the most batters in the National League.
Willoughby pitched poorly the following season, surrendering 241 hits and 68 walks in 153 innings pitched, which resulted in a 7.59 ERA and a 4–17 win–loss record. On November 6, 1930, he was traded to the Pirates, along with shortstop Tommy Thevenow, for shortstop Dick Bartell. Willoughby pitched in just nine games for Pittsburgh, after which his major league career ended.

## Later life and death

After his professional baseball career, Willoughby moved back to Kansas, where he pitched for a semipro team located in Chanute in 1938-39 and managed a team in Independence in 1940-41. He worked as a pump mechanic, and moved to McPherson, Kansas in 1948, where he died on August 14, 1973.