OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eva Lichtenberger

Eva Lichtenberger (born 1 July 1954 in Zams) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2014. She is a member of the Austrian Green Party, part of the European Greens.

## Early life and education

Lichtenberger attended the Academy of Education in Innsbruck from 1972 to 1974. At the University of Innsbruck, she studied psychology and art history from 1975 to 1982 and political science and psychology from 1982 to 1987, eventually graduating with a PhD.

## Career

After finishing her university studies, she became spokesperson of the citizens’ action committee "Air of Hall". Since the mid-1980s, she has been a consulting member of the environmental committee of the city of Hall. In 1989, she became a member of the Tyrolian Landtag and was fraction leader until 1994. From 1994 to 1999 she was the first member of the Austrian Green Party to become a minister in the Landesrat (state council), with the portfolio for environmental affairs.
From 1999 to 2004 she was Member of the National Council of Austria (Nationalrat). From 2004 she was a Member of the European Parliament and occupied seat 666 in the parliament.
# Avatar (newspaper)

Avatar was an American underground newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1967–1968. The newspaper's first issues were published from the headquarters of Broadside magazine in Cambridge.

## Publication history

Avatar was started by a varied group of people from different parts of the Boston countercultural scene, but quickly came to be dominated by Mel Lyman's group, the Fort Hill Community (or Lyman Family), which Lyman had formed over some years in Boston and Cambridge, and which has been variously described as a commune, family, or cult.
Over time, disputes between the Fort Hill Community and other factions involved in putting out the paper led to an irreconcilable split, which ended that cycle of the paper.
A total of 24 issues were printed bi-weekly from June 9, 1967, through April 26, 1968. Toward the end of its run, six issues (nos. 18–23) were published in large-size broadsheet newspaper format, with a tabloid size magazine insert. A 25th issue, dated May 9, 1968, was assembled and printed by the non-Fort Hill faction, but all but 500 copies of the 35,000-copy press run were sequestered and disposed of by the Fort Hill faction. Michael Kindman, founder of the East Lansing underground newspaper The Paper, briefly worked on Avatar and remained with the group for five years. He later wrote of his experiences, including his participation in the theft, in his book My Odyssey Through the Underground Press.

## Spin-offs

There were three short-lived spinoffs of Avatar:
* New York Avatar (7 issues, March 29 – August 1968) — edited by Brian Keating out of a SoHo loft and featuring contributions by Paul Williams and Peter Stafford of Crawdaddy magazine and underground cartoonist The Mad Peck. Print run of 7,500.
* Boston Avatar a.k.a. Avatar Vol. II (6 issues, July – August 1968) — edited by Dave Wilson of Broadside magazine who had also edited editions 1 to 5 of Avatar
* American Avatar (4 issues, October 1968 – Summer 1969) - published by the Fort Hill faction
# Baikar

Baikar (Պայքար meaning 'Struggle' in Armenian) is an Armenian language weekly published by the Baikar Association Inc., in Watertown, Massachusetts, United States.
It was established in 1922 and published in Armenian as a daily and was an official organ of the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (ADL) also commonly known as Ramgavar Party. It is considered as a continuation of the publication Tsayn Hayrenyats (in Armenian Ձայն Հայրենյաց meaning Voice of the Fatherland) established in 1899.
After publishing for decades as a daily, it was changed into a weekly and later on ceased publication.
Baikar is the sister publication to the English language Armenian Mirror-Spectator and published from the same premises.

## Re-launch

The publication was renewed as a weekly starting January 2018. Headquartered in Watertown, Massachusetts, the new Baikar is widely available as a print publication in California and Lebanon and is available online elsewhere.

## Distinction

There were a number of lesser important Armenian publications also called Baikar completely unrelated to ADL's Baikar:
* Baikar, a literary, political, economic and general interest Social Democratic publication with participation of Bolshevik (Communist) and Menshevik Internationalist Armenians. It was published from 1915 to 1519 first as a weekly then as a daily. After a 100 issues, the communists withdrew and started their own publication Panvori Grive (in Armenian Բանվորի Կռիվը) with the Mensheviks controlling Baikar.
* Baikar, a Turkish Armenian cultural and general interest publication published 1967 to 1971, and after a hiatus of three years, relaunced in 1994.
* Baikar, an underground political and cultural monthly published 1989-1993 by Armenian Socialist Artsakh Party, an unofficial front of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Artsakh Committee. Ceased and eventually replaced by Abaraj (in Armenian Ապառաժ) the official organ of ARF Artskah.
* Baikar an Armenian-language electronic publication in 2008 in support of Levon Ter-Petrossian's movement
# Bay Times and Record-Observer

The Kent Island Bay Times and Record-Observer is a weekly newspaper that covers Queen Anne's County, Maryland. The paper formed in 2020 through the merger of The Kent Island Bay Times and The Record-Observer. It is owned by APG Chesapeake.

## History

The Record-Observer in Centreville, Maryland dates back to 1824. The newspaper formed from the 1936 merger of The Centreville Observer and Queen Anne Record. In the 1930s it was purchased by Leon Asa Andrus. In 1946, Andrus would go on to wage a successful multi-year editorial campaign to get the Chesapeake Bay Bridge built.
The Kent Island Bay Times was first published in 1963. It was created by Christopher J. Rosendale Sr. and his wife Mary Lou. The first issue covered the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The paper would go on to win an award from the National Newspaper Association for pictures Rosendale took of the Cambridge riots of the 1960s. Also of note, in 1972 Rosendale was the first journalist to get previously secret information, in this case on nonsupport cases, by suing under the state’s Public Information Law, which had been enacted two years earlier. The Rosendales sold Bay Times in 1974.
In 2007, American Consolidated Media LLC of Dallas, Texas, acquired the publishing assets of Chesapeake Publishing Corporation. The sale included the Bay Times and Record-Observer. American Consolidated Media sold the two newspapers in 2014 to Adams Publishing Group. The company merged the papers together in 2020 to form Bay Times & Record-Observer.
# Intisar-ul-Haque

Intisar-Ul-Haque (20 October 1935 – 4 August 1996) was a Pakistani philosopher. He served as the chairman of the Department of Philosophy, at University of Peshawar and held the postdoctoral Alexander von Humboldt Senior Fellowship, Germany 1974–76, and Senior Fulbright Fellowship 1984-85. He received a Ph.D. in analytical philosophy and logic from the University of Edinburgh in 1966; his thesis was called "Study of logical paradoxes".
He was the chairman of the philosophy department of the University of Peshawar for over three decades. He studied analytical philosophy. He was a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

## Early life

Intisar-Ul-Haque was born in October 1935. He got his master's degree from Lahore and did his B.A. honours from University of London in 1961. He later went to the University of Edinburgh where he completed his Ph.D. in analytical philosophy. He joined Peshawar University and continued to teach there till his death.

## Work

He wrote several books and articles on philosophy and logic, including "Philosophy of Religion".
Intisar's areas of interest included logic, the philosophy of logic and analytical philosophy.
# Bellefontaine Examiner

The Bellefontaine Examiner is a daily newspaper published at Bellefontaine, Ohio, United States. The newspaper covers international and national, regional and local topics, with a focus on stories affecting the surrounding Logan County. During an ice storm in 2005 that affected Logan County, the Bellefontaine Examiner was not published for several days; that point was the first time the paper had not printed in 13 years. The Bellefontaine Examiner is the only daily newspaper published for Logan County.

## History

The Examiner is the latest in a series of newspapers which have been published in Bellefontaine:
* Gazette, February 18, 1831-c. 1835
* Bellefontaine Gazette and Logan County Advertiser, January 30, 1836–1836
* Bellefontaine O. Gazette, 1836–1838
* Bellefontaine Gazette, 1838–1840
* Logan Gazette, 1840–1854. William Lawrence served as the editor of this newspaper, 1845–1847.
* Logan County Gazette, 1854–1863. This is the first newspaper published by the Hubbard family.
# Island of Danna

Danna (Scottish Gaelic: Danna) is an inhabited tidal island in Argyll and Bute.

## Geography

It is connected to the mainland by a stone causeway and is at the southern end of the narrow Tayvallich peninsula, which separates Loch Sween from the Sound of Jura. It is part of the Ulva, Danna and the MacCormaig Isles SSSI. Danna is part of the Knapdale National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Morgan, Ailig Peadar (2013). Ethnonyms in the Place-Names of Scotland and the Border Counties of England (PhD thesis). St Andrews University. p. 132.
* 1 2 Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
* 1 2 National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" (PDF). Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two) (PDF) (Report). SG/2013/126. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
* 1 2 Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7.
* ↑ Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 61 Jura & Colonsay (Map). Ordnance Survey. 2013. ISBN 9780319229620.
* ↑ Murray, W.H. (1977) The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland. London. Collins. Page 89.
* ↑ SSSI Designation Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. The nearby Ulva Islands should not be confused with Ulva near Mull.
* ↑ "National Scenic Areas". SNH. Retrieved 30 Mar 2011.
vteIslands of Scotland :
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55°56′41″N 5°41′27″W﻿ / ﻿55.94472°N 5.69083°W﻿ / 55.94472; -5.69083
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# Los Angeles Is Not For Sale, Vol. 1

Los Angeles Is Not For Sale, Vol. 1 is the fourth studio album by Los Angeles rapper Dom Kennedy, released December 23, 2016 via his label, The Other People's Money Company. It is the first release of a planned two-piece project. The album features guest appearances from Ricky Hil, Niko G4, Troy Noka, Glasses Malone and P-Lo, while its production was handled by Aaron Reid, J.LBS, Polyester, Jake One, Cardo, Mike Free, and Drewbyrd.
The album received negative reviews and is considered one of Kennedy's weaker efforts. Despite this, its companion album, Los Angeles Is Not For Sale, Vol. 2, was released in 2018.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| HotNewHipHop | |
Los Angeles Is Not For Sale, Vol. 1 has received negative reviews from music critics and was overlooked by mainstream media publications. Jesse Fairfax of HipHopDX wrote, "Still stumbling over himself trying to find inspiration and failing to reclaim his magic, Los Angeles Is Not For Sale extends Dom Kennedy’s artistic downward spiral for another year". In a review from TheFreshCommittee, Kennedy's lackluster rhymes and offbeat ramblings were criticized.

## Commercial performance

Unlike its predecessor, the album failed to chart in the Billboard 200 and accurate sales information are unavailable.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 42 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 23 |
# Mel Pender

Melvin Pender Jr. (born October 31, 1937, in Atlanta, Georgia) competed as a runner in the 1964 and 1968 Olympics, winning an Olympic gold medal in the 4x100 m relay at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He had been a member of the Philadelphia Pioneer Track Club where he was coached by Alex Woodley, who had coached several other athletes who went on to participate in Olympic events.

## U.S. Army career

Pender enlisted in the U.S. Army at age 17. In 1960 he was assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division on Okinawa. Following the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, he returned to military service, graduating from Officer Candidate School in 1965. He was subsequently deployed to South Vietnam where he served with the 9th Infantry Division in the Mekong Delta. Subsequently he was ordered to return to the U.S. to train for 1968 Olympics in Mexico City.
After the 1968 Olympics, Pender returned to South Vietnam where he earned a Bronze Star Medal. Returning to the U.S. in August 1970, he then worked as assistant track and field coach and then as head track coach at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He later earned a bachelor's degree from Adelphi University. He retired from the Army in 1976 with the rank of Captain.

## Olympic athlete

While serving in the U.S. Army his incredible speed was noticed in camp football games. He was selected to the 1964 Olympic Team, but was hampered by injury and finished seventh in the 100 meters at Tokyo.
Nearing age 31, Pender again made it to the 100 m final, where his explosive start and exceptional acceleration brought him to the lead midway through the race, but he faded slightly and finished sixth. In the relay, he was chosen to run the second leg. The American team won the gold medal in a new world record of 38.24 seconds. He also set world records in the 50 yds at 5.0, 60 yds at 5.8, 70 yds at 6.8 and 100 meters at 9.9 seconds.
# That's When Your Heartaches Begin

"That's When Your Heartaches Begin" is a 1937 song by Fred Fisher, William Raskin and Billy Hill. It was recorded and released the same year by Shep Fields Rippling Rhythm. The song first became popular following a 1941 recording by The Ink Spots. The song was recorded by Elvis Presley on at least three occasions during the 1950s, and was one of two songs he recorded on acetate in July 1953, prior to the beginning of his professional career.

## Composition

This song uses the I-iii-IV-iv chord progression, famously used in the song Creep by Radiohead.

## Elvis Presley versions

On July 18, 1953, Elvis Presley paid $3.98 (equivalent to $45.32 in 2023) for studio time at the Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, a recording studio that was also home to the Sun Records label starting in 1952. Presley recorded a double-sided acetate demo single, though he was not yet signed to the Sun Records label. On the A-side, he recorded "My Happiness", later made famous by Connie Francis in 1958. For the B-side, he recorded "That's When Your Heartaches Begin". He would later revisit the song in recording studios on at least two occasions, the first during the famous Million Dollar Quartet sessions on December 4, 1956, and the second in January 1957, when it was recorded and released as a B-side to "All Shook Up".

## Beatles performances

According to eminent author Mark Lewisohn (in "The Complete Beatles Chronicles" p. 364), the Beatles performed "That's When Your Heartaches Begin" during 1959–1961 (in Liverpool, Hamburg and elsewhere) with Paul McCartney on lead vocal. Author Allen J. Weiner adds (in "The Beatles The Ultimate Recording Guide", p. 5) that a home rehearsal recording from 1960 survives and has come out on several unauthorized releases. No other recording is known to exist.
# East End (Richmond, Virginia)

The East End of Richmond, Virginia is the quadrant of the City of Richmond, Virginia, and more loosely the Richmond metropolitan area, east of the downtown.

## Geographic boundaries

Within the city, and in Henrico County, East End is roughly defined as including the area of Richmond north of the James River and east/northeast of the former Virginia Central Railroad - Chesapeake and Ohio Railway line (now owned by CSX Transportation and operated by the Buckingham Branch Railroad) which originated at Main Street Station, and south and west of I-295.
Within the city, this includes neighborhoods such as Church Hill, Fairmount, Union Hill, Fulton, Powhatan Hill, Fulton Hill, Montrose Heights, Fairfield Court, Creighton Court, Whitcomb Court, Mosby Court, Eastview, Brauers, Peter Paul, Woodville, North Church Hill, Chimborazo and Oakwood.
The terminology "East End" also broadly includes much of eastern Henrico County as a portion the Richmond Metropolitan area. Communities outside the city limits in this area include the census-designated places of Highland Springs, Montrose, Sandston, and Varina.
A portion of Hanover County, primarily in the Mechanicsville area also meets the above geographic description, and may be considered by some to be part of the East End of Metropolitan Richmond, though is equally considered outside of the quadrant system, due to its separation from the city by the Chickahominy River and swamp.

## History and development

In the era just before and as European settlement began at the turn of the 17th century, near Powhatan Hill, a place known as "Powhatan" which was the village or "town" that Wahunsunacock (who has become better-known as the Chief Powhatan) came from was located. An early capital of the Powhatan Confederacy, "Powhatan" was also the name used by the natives to refer to the James River).
The East End contains a number of notable cemeteries, including the Confederate Cemetery of Oakwood, the historic African-American Evergreen Cemetery, and the Richmond National Cemetery. The East End is also home to the famous St. John's Church, where Patrick Henry delivered his "Give Me Liberty" speech.
As of the 2020s, the area is a target for urban renewal and investment.
# Chico Fernández

Humberto "Chico" Fernández Pérez (March 2, 1932 – June 11, 2016) was a Cuban professional baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Brooklyn Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies, Detroit Tigers and New York Mets from 1956 to 1963. Born in Havana, he threw and batted right-handed, stood 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and weighed 165 pounds (75 kg).
Fernández began his career in 1951 as a bright prospect for the Dodgers, reaching the Triple-A level in his third professional season. In 1954, he was the International League's All-Star shortstop, then he batted a career-best .301 in 1955. But he was not able to break into the Dodger lineup, which featured future Baseball Hall of Famer Pee Wee Reese as shortstop and anchor of its infield. After 31⁄2 years at Triple-A, Fernández finally was recalled to Brooklyn in July 1956. He started at shortstop for ten games between July 14–22 (with Reese, 37, moving to third base), but he batted only .231 with no extra-base hits. The Dodgers, en route to the National League (NL) pennant, went 6–4 over that span, but Reese returned to shortstop on July 24, and Fernández started only five more games through the end of the 1956 season. He did not appear in the 1956 World Series, won by the New York Yankees in seven games.
On April 5, 1957, Fernández was traded to the Phillies in exchange for five players: pitcher Ron Negray, Canadian-born first baseman Tim Harkness, outfielder and pinch hitter Elmer Valo, minor-leaguer Mel Geho, a player to be named later (pitcher Ben Flowers), and $75,000. Fernández made his first appearance with Philadelphia on April 16, 1957, and was the Phillies' regular shortstop for two seasons. In 1957, Fernández collected 131 hits, for a .262 batting average (BA), and a .302 on-base percentage. He also stole 18 bases, fifth best in the National League. In 1958, Fernández stole 12 bases, placing him ninth in the NL. His batting average dropped over the next two seasons, and he saw limited playing time in 1959, hitting .211.
In December 1959, the Phillies traded Fernández to the Detroit Tigers, where he became the Tigers' regular shortstop for the next three seasons (1960–1962). In 1960, he led American League (AL) shortstops, with 34 errors; his fielding percentage was .947. By 1962, he increased his fielding percentage to .960. Perhaps more surprisingly, Fernández displayed power as a hitter, in 1962. After six seasons in which he never hit more than six home runs, Fernández socked 20 homers and tallied 59 runs batted in that season. Both were career highs.
With a young Dick McAuliffe ready to assume the shortstop position for the Tigers, Detroit traded Fernández to the New York Mets in May 1963. He played 58 games for the 1963 Mets. Fernández was then traded to the Chicago White Sox in April 1964, but he never appeared in a regular season game for the ChiSox. In 1965, he played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hanshin Tigers.
Fernández died on June 11, 2016, in Sunrise, Florida, at the age of 84, from complications following a stroke he had suffered the month before.
# Buriticupu

Buriticupu is a municipality in Maranhão founded in 1994. Its population in 2020 was 72,983.
The area has suffered significant gully erosion with about 30 gullies (in April 2024), one of which is 80m deep. These are called “voçoroca” or “torn land” in the indigenous Tupi-Guarani language. At least 50 houses have been destroyed by the erosion and other residents have abandoned their homes, leaving whole neighbourhoods deserted.
The area, part of the Amazon rainforest, was once covered in trees, such as cedar, West Indian locust and ipê. In the 1990s the area had over 50 sawmills working 24 hours a day which depleted the vegetation which increased run-off, resulting in rapid soil erosion. The area has a volume of rainfall over 2,000 liters per square metre each year.
# Christmas in the City (album)

Christmas in the City is the third studio album by American singer Lea Michele. It was released through Sony Music Entertainment on October 25, 2019. The album was produced by Peer Åström and Adam Anders, who produced the tracks featured on Glee. Christmas in the City features an original track, "Christmas in New York", and three duets—Michele sings with Jonathan Groff on "I'll Be Home for Christmas", with Darren Criss on "White Christmas" and with Cynthia Erivo on "Angels We Have Heard on High". "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" was released ahead of the album on September 19, 2019 as the lead single.

## Background

Michele titled the album Christmas in the City as she grew up in New York City, calling the season "such a beautiful time of year". She also said it was "always [her] dream to make a Christmas record [...] every single song that I picked [...] these are my most favorite Christmas songs." Michele called the original track, "Christmas in New York", "the real anthem of the album", elaborating that "it paints this beautiful picture of New York, but it also is really about what it means to be with your family and friends and engaged in that holiday spirit".

## Singles

"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" was released as the lead single along with the album pre-order on September 19, 2019. The song included in the soundtrack of Same Time, Next Christmas (2019), a television movie in which Michele is a co-star.
"Christmas in New York" was released as the second single from the album. Its music video was released on November 19, 2019. The song was ranked by Billboard the 23rd "Best Christmas Songs of the 21st Century".

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Australian Digital Albums (ARIA) | 25 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 175 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 140 |
| US Top Album Sales (Billboard) | 24 |
| US Top Holiday Albums (Billboard) | 3 |