OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Design for verification

Design for verification (DfV) is a set of engineering guidelines to aid designers in ensuring right first time manufacturing and assembly of large-scale components. The guidelines were developed as a tool to inform and direct designers during early stage design phases to trade off estimated measurement uncertainty against tolerance, cost, assembly, measurability and product requirements.

## Background

Increased competition in the aerospace market has placed additional demands on aerospace manufacturers to reduce costs, increase product flexibility and improve manufacturing efficiency. There is a knowledge gap within the sphere of digital to physical dimensional verification and on how to successfully achieve dimensional specifications within real-world assembly factories that are subject to varying environmental conditions.
The DfV framework is an engineering principle to be used within low rate and high value and complexity manufacturing industries to aid in achieving high productivity in assembly via the effective dimensional verification of large volume structures, during final assembly. The DfV framework has been developed to enable engineers to design and plan the effective dimensional verification of large volume, complex structures in order to reduce failure rates and end-product costs, improve process integrity and efficiency, optimise metrology processes, decrease tooling redundancy and increase product quality and conformance to specification. The theoretical elements of the DfV methods were published in 2016, together with their testing using industrial case studies of representative complexity. The industrial tests published on ScienceDirect proved that by using the new design for verification methods alongside the traditional ‘design for X’ toolbox, the resultant process achieved improved tolerance analysis and synthesis, optimized large volume metrology and assembly processes and more cost-effective tool and jig design.
# 1915 Maltese general election

General elections were held in Malta on 19 and 20 January 1915. Two of the eight elected seats were uncontested.

## Background

The elections were held under the Chamberlain Constitution, with members elected from eight single-member constituencies.
| District | Towns |
| I | Valletta East |
| II | Valletta West, Msida, Sliema, St. Julian's |
| III | Floriana, Pietà, Ħamrun, Qormi, Żebbuġ |
| IV | Cospicua, Birgu, Kalkara, Żabbar, Marsaskala |
| V | Senglea, New Village, Luqa, Gudja, Għaxaq, Żejtun, Marsaxlokk, Saint George's Bay and Birżebbuġa |
| VI | Birkirkara, Balzan, Lija, Attard, Għargħur, Naxxar, Mosta, Mellieħa |
| VII | Mdina, Rabat, Siġġiewi, Dingli, Qrendi, Mqabba, Żurrieq, Bubaqra, Safi, Kirkop |
| VIII | Gozo and Comino |
| Source: Schiavone, p17 ||

## Results

A total of 7,907 people were registered to vote. Cikku Azzopardi was elected in both constituencies I and VIII. He chose to give up the seat for constituency VIII, resulting in a by-election in March 1915. However, the candidate elected in the by-election resigned immediately after the election.
| Constituency | Name | Votes | Notes |
| I | Cikku Azzopardi | 283 | |
| II | Giuseppe Vassallo | 203 | |
| III | Antonio Dalli | 158 | Re-elected |
| IV | Luigi Rosignaud | – | Unopposed |
| V | Serafin Vella | 324 | |
| VI | G Gauci Tramblett | – | Unopposed |
| VII | Carmelo dei Conti Sant | 243 | |
| VIII | Cikku Azzopardi | 368 | By-election held in March 1915 |
| Source: Schiavone, pp182–183 ||||
# The Miser's Doom

The Miser's Doom is an 1899 British short film directed by Walter R. Booth. The film seems to be a lost film.

## Plot

A miser is haunted by the ghost of one of his deceased victims, causing him to die of shock.

## Production

The Miser's Doom was the directing debut of Walter R. Booth, a magician who had begun working with filmmaker R. W. Paul.

## Legacy

The Miser's Doom is one of the earliest films featuring a ghost, although previous examples had been produced by Georges Méliès and George Albert Smith the previous year.
# 1849 Maltese general election

General elections were held in Malta between 16 and 20 August 1849, the first in the country's history.

## Background

In 1835, Malta was granted a Government Council by the British authorities. It consisted of the Governor, four officials and three members appointed by the governor. In June 1849 Governor Richard More O'Ferrall passed a new constitution that increased the Council to 18 members, of which ten would be appointed and eight elected.

## Results

A total of 3,767 people were registered to vote, of which 3,315 cast votes, giving a turnout of 88%.
Elected members :
| Name | Votes | Notes |
| Don Filippo Amato | 619 | |
| Annetto Casolani | 606 | |
| Adriano Dingli | 117 | Elected from Gozo |
| Leopoldo Fiteni | 512 | |
| Montebello Pulis | 716 | |
| Arcangelo Pullicino | 511 | |
| Mikelang Scerri | 607 | |
| Giovanni Battista Vella | 425 | |
| Source: Schiavone, p175 |||
# Charles Reid (photographer)

Charles Reid (20 September 1837 – 1929) was one of the first and most successful commercial photographers in Scotland. He pioneered the photography of livestock and wildlife in an era when very long exposures were generally required. In a 50-year career, he travelled all over the UK.
Reid was born in Turriff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the son of William Reid, a plasterer and labourer, and Isabella Findlater. Reid married and had seven children. Reid began work as a cattle herds boy at the age of 10. An apprenticeship to a shoemaker followed and then work as a post runner. The gift of a camera from a lodger started him on the career that would occupy the remainder of his days. The local trade directory indicates that Reid had a studio in Turriff until around 1876, after which he settled in Wishaw and set up a studio in Shand Street.
He travelled the length and breadth of Britain photographing the prize race horses and breeding stock of the landed gentry. For many years he was the official photographer to the Highland an Agricultural Society of Scotland and to the Royal Agricultural Society of England.
Ian Sumner in The Encyclopedia of 19th Century Photography, 2013 said of Reid "Reid's pictures are always well composed and show good technique and many examples of his small studies were purchased by artists as reference for their paintings and sculptures". Reid produced a large quantity of high-quality albumen and carbon prints. His large carbon studies of Highland cattle and sheep graced many late Victorian parlours. Reid also ran a photographic studio in Wishaw that produced portraits and cabinet cards typical of the period.

## Gallery

* Portrait of a Bull ca 1891-1892 albumen print mounted to cabinet card.
* Manx Tabby, 1903, published in "The Book of the Cat" by Frances Simpson.
* Mr. R.A. Tait's Wishaw Leader, 1911, published in "The new book of the dog : a comprehensive natural history of British dogs and their foreign relatives, with chapters on law, breeding, kennel management, and veterinary treatment" by Robert Leighton.
* Waiting the Flight, 1911, published in "The new book of the dog : a comprehensive natural history of British dogs and their foreign relatives, with chapters on law, breeding, kennel management, and veterinary treatment" by Robert Leighton.
* A young blond-haired child sits on a brick wall with her black dog, both looking at someone or something in the distance, 1925, published in The Queenslander, 5 December 1925, p. 26.

## Publications

* Reid, Charles, Animal Studies (Photographs From Life). Charles Letts & Company 1902
* Reid Charles, Bird Life Containing Over One Hundred Illustrations of Birds and Their Nests from Photographs. T. N. Foulis, 1914
* Scottish Country Life magazine of 1915, pages 189–190, "A Master of Photography : Charles Reid, Wishaw" (article)
# Michael Rees

Michael Rees may refer to:
* Michael Rees (artist)
* Michael Rees (businessman)
# 1892 Maltese general election

General elections were held in Malta on 5 and 6 September 1892. Elections were only held in three constituencies as all other members were returned unopposed.

## Background

The elections were held under the Knutsford Constitution. Ten members were elected from single-member constituencies, whilst a further four members were elected to represent nobility and landowners, graduates, clerics and the Chamber of Commerce.
| District | Towns |
| I | Valletta East |
| II | Valletta West, Sliema, St. Julian's |
| III | Floriana, Pietà, Ħamrun, Msida |
| IV | Cospicua, Żabbar |
| V | Birgu, Senglea |
| VI | Mdina |
| VII | Birkirkara |
| VIII | Qormi |
| IX | Żejtun |
| X | Gozo |
| Source: Schiavone, p13 ||

## Results

A total of 10,522 people were registered to vote, of which just 1,062 cast votes, giving a turnout of 10%.
General elected members :
| Constituency | Name | Votes | Notes |
| I | Sigismondo Savona | – | Re-elected unopposed |
| II | Latterio Vallone | – | Unopposed |
| III | Giuseppe Bonavia | 174 | |
| IV | Francesco Mifsud | – | Unopposed |
| V | Evaristo Castaldi | – | Re-elected unopposed |
| VI | Nutar Dei Marchesi Mallia Tabone | – | Unopposed |
| VII | Paolo Sammut | 157 | |
| VIII | Giovanni Vassallo | – | Unopposed |
| IX | Salvatore Cachia Zammit | – | Re-elected unopposed |
| X | Paolo Sammut | 565 | |
| Special elected members ||||
| Seat | Name | Votes | Notes |
| Nobility and Landowners | Saverio DePiro | – | Unopposed |
| Graduates | Goffredo Adami | – | Unopposed |
| Clergy | Ign. Panzavecchia | – | Unopposed |
| Chamber of Commerce | Giuseppe Bencini | – | Unopposed |
| Source: Schiavone, pp178–179 ||||
# Tatajachura

Tatajachura is a stratovolcano in Chile, in the Isluga National Park.
During the Pliocene and Pleistocene it erupted lava flows of andesitic composition and has a crater that opens westwards. The volcano is also the source of the Quebrada de Chiapa valley, and of an Inca ruin on the summit; human sacrifices were performed at the mountain to obtain a reliable water supply.
The age of eruptive activity is unclear; while the appearance of the edifice suggests a lower Pliocene age, its position in the Precordillera and atop an older plain suggests it may be older than that. Potassium-argon dating has yielded one age, 6 ± 1.3 million years ago.
# Elvis From Hell

Elvis From Hell is an upcoming documentary film, directed by Jessica Andree and Heiko Lange, about Jeffrey Lee Pierce and his band The Gun Club.

## Production

The film will cover Jeffrey Lee Pierce’s life and career through his death in 1996 at the age of 37, using original interviews and archive footage. In addition to directing the documentary, Andree and Lange will serve as producers alongside Scott Crary, Anahita Nazemi, Katrin Sandman and Alexander von Sturmfeder.
The documentary is slated to include interviews with Nick Cave, Mick Harvey, Jim Jarmusch, Mark Lanegan, Moby, Kid Congo Powers and Jack White, among others.
# 1899 Maltese general election

General elections were held in Malta on 7 March 1899. All seats had only a single candidate.

## Background

The elections were held under the Knutsford Constitution. Ten members were elected from single-member constituencies, whilst a further three members were elected to represent nobility and landowners, graduates and the Chamber of Commerce. The seat previously reserved for clerics was abolished.
| District | Towns |
| I | Valletta East |
| II | Valletta West, Sliema, St. Julian's |
| III | Floriana, Pietà, Ħamrun, Msida |
| IV | Cospicua, Żabbar |
| V | Birgu, Senglea |
| VI | Mdina |
| VII | Birkirkara |
| VIII | Qormi |
| IX | Żejtun |
| X | Gozo |
| Source: Schiavone, p13 ||

## Results

A total of 9,581 people were registered to vote, although no votes were cast due to all candidates being unopposed.
General elected members :
| Constituency | Name | Votes | Notes |
| I | Andrè Pullicino | – | Re-elected (previously in the graduates seat) |
| II | Paolo Sammut | – | Re-elected |
| III | Antonio Dalli | – | Re-elected |
| IV | Franc Cardona | – | Re-elected |
| V | Cesare Darmanin | – | Re-elected (previously in constituency VIII) |
| VI | Nutar Petro Bartoli | – | Re-elected |
| VII | Fransesco Wettinger | – | Re-elected |
| VIII | Edoardo Semini | – | |
| IX | Salvatore Cachia Zammit | – | Re-elected |
| X | Fortunato Mizzi | – | Re-elected |
| Special elected members ||||
| Seat | Name | Votes | Notes |
| Nobility and Landowners | Alfonso Maria Micallef | – | Re-elected |
| Graduates | Beniamino Bonnici | – | Re-elected (previously in the Chamber of Commerce seat) |
| Chamber of Commerce | Joseph Bencini | – | Re-elected (previously in constituency V) |
| Source: Schiavone, p180 ||||
# Mike Reese

Michael Reese or Mike Reese may refer to:
* Mike Reese (Pennsylvania politician) (1978–2021), American politician and member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
* Mike Reese (Louisiana politician), American politician and businessman from Louisiana
* Mike Reese (sheriff), American law enforcement officer and sheriff of Multnomah County, Oregon
# Sarvraj Singh

Kunwar Sarvraj Singh (born 14 August 1952) is an Indian politician for the Aonla (Lok Sabha Constituency) in Uttar Pradesh during the eleventh, thirteenth, and fourteenth Lok Sabha. He was first elected as a member of the Samajwadi Party.
# Inferno (song)

"Inferno" is a song by Filipino-American social media personality Bella Poarch and American musician and producer Sub Urban. It was released through Warner Records on August 13, 2021 as the second single from Poarch's debut extended play Dolls (2022) and the lead single from Sub Urban's debut studio album Hive (2022). The song follows the May 2021 release of Poarch's debut single "Build a Bitch".

## Background and composition

In early August 2021, Poarch announced she would release a new single on August 13. The announcement was accompanied by a 30-second video teaser featuring cameo appearances by producer Sub Urban along with Twitch streamers Adin Ross, Disguised Toast, Ludwig, and TommyInnit.

## Production

"Inferno" was described as "another dark pop offering" from Poarch, featuring "heavy beats and the chilling sound of creepy children singing". The track also includes "theatrical and classical elements and a hint of tango" with lyrics about Poarch's "troubled past".

## Music video

In a statement, Poarch included a trigger warning for the music video. She wrote, "As a victim of sexual assault, this song and video mean a lot to me. This is something I haven't been ready to share with you just yet. It's very hard for me to talk about. But I'm ready now. I decided to express myself by creating a song and video with Sub Urban based on how I wished my experience went. It's a fantasy I wish was true. I'm looking forward to sharing this with you all."
The video (directed by Andrew Donoho) takes place in a Hollywood glamor-themed hotel in which Poarch is drugged by two men and pulled into an elevator. Upon entering the elevator, she develops superpowers and tortures the men, whilst Sub Urban, a bartender, makes sure nobody sees. She is later revealed to be the devil herself, with Sub Urban as Virgil, who takes the offending men through the 9 Circles of Hell by Dante’s Inferno.
The music video includes cameos from LilyPichu, Valkyrae, Adin Ross, Disguised Toast, Ludwig Ahgren, Pokimane, TommyInnit, CouRageJD, Ivana Alawi, and Bretman Rock.

## Certifications

Certifications for "Inferno" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Gold | 20,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Richard Heaton

Sir Richard Nicholas Heaton, KCB (born 5 October 1965) is a barrister and former senior British civil servant who was the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Justice and Clerk of the Crown in Chancery from September 2015 until resigning in August 2020. He had previously served as Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary, and First Parliamentary Counsel. He currently serves as Warden of Robinson College, Cambridge.

## Early life and education

Heaton was born on 5 October 1965. He read law at Worcester College, Oxford, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1987.

## Career

Heaton worked as a barrister, after being called to the bar at Inner Temple in 1988. He joined the Government Legal Service in 1991 where he remained until moving to the Department for Constitutional Affairs in 2004 where he served as Director of Legal Services. He then went on to work as Head of law and governance at the Department for Work and Pensions from 2007 to 2009, and Director General for pensions and ageing society from 2009 to 2012.
In February 2012, Heaton became First Parliamentary Counsel, replacing the retiring Sir Stephen Laws. In August 2012, he was additionally appointed Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary, taking over from Ian Watmore, splitting his time between the two roles. In his role as First Parliamentary Counsel he launched the Good Law initiative, seeking to reduce complexity in legislation. In April 2014, he became Civil Service Race Champion.
On 2 July 2015, it was announced that Heaton would leave the Cabinet Office to take up the position of Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Justice (formally, the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery), replacing Dame Ursula Brennan on her retirement. His Cabinet Office roles were split: as Permanent Secretary, he was replaced by John Manzoni; as First Parliamentary Counsel, Elizabeth Gardiner replaced him. As the Ministry of Justice’s permanent secretary, he featured notably in part 5 of Rory Stewart’s political memoirs.
As of 2015, Heaton was paid a salary of between £180,000 and £184,999 by the department, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time.
In July 2020, it was announced that Heaton would leave the Civil Service as Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Justice in August 2020. He was succeeded by Antonia Romeo on 18 January 2021.

### Academic career

On 13 May 2021, it was announced that Heaton was to succeed David Yates as Warden of Robinson College, Cambridge. He assumed the post on 1 October 2021, and serves as the college's third warden.

## Personal life

In 2011, he was placed at 91 on the Independent on Sunday Pink List, a list of influential British LGBT people.

## Honours

Heaton was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 2011. In the 2019 New Year Honours he was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) for public service.
# Berbera Airport

Silanyo International Airport (IATA: BBO, ICAO: HCMI) (Somali: Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Berbera) is an airport in Berbera, a city in the northwestern Sahil province in Somaliland. The airport was renovated and opened to international passengers on 20 November 2021.

## History

The Berbera airport has a 4,140 m (13,580 ft) runway, one of the longest on the continent. The runway was built by the Soviet Union (USSR) in the mid-1970s in order to counter the United States' military presence in the region. It was rented by NASA at a cost of US$40 million per year, and used as an emergency landing site for the Space Shuttle from 1980 until 1991, when the government of former President of Somalia Siad Barre collapsed.
In 2012, Somaliland's Ministry of Civil Aviation contracted the Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction Plc (TACON) in joint venture with Afro-Tsion Contracting and investment Company to build a new terminal and perimeter fence at the Berbera airport. The Grade 1 firm had previously constructed various buildings in Ethiopia, including the Oromia region president's office, the Yayu fertilizer factory, Jimma University, Mekelle University and Gambella Region Technical and Vocational Training College. A joint venture with the Afro-Tsion Contracting and Investment Company, the project's design was conceived by the International Consultants Technocrats with joint venture with the Afro-Tsion Contracting and Investment Company. It cost 83 million Ethiopian birr in total, 3 million birr of which was earmarked for TACON.
In March 2015, President of Somaliland Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud officially inaugurated the new airport terminal and fence, with officials from Djibouti, Ethiopia and Yemen in attendance. The terminal was constructed on a 3,200 m$^2$ (34,000 sq ft) land plot and has various facilities, including public address and communication equipment, baggage transfer and checkpoints, security checks, a water tanker, 200 kg (440 lb) capacity scales, and an asphalt road leading toward the runway. The airport fence is also 12 km (7.5 mi) in length.
In 2019, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) announced plans to restore the Berbera Airport after a six-day visit by Somaliland president Muse Bihi Abdi to the United Arab Emirates. The renovation works were carried out by Dubai-based company Transport Infrastructure Services Limited (TISL). The airport was opened in November 20, 2021.

## Airlines and destinations

As of November 2021, Ethiopian Airlines has scheduled flights at the airport. Previously, African Express Airways and Daallo Airlines served several domestic and few international routes within Africa.
# Dhoom Dhoom (EP)

Dhoom Dhoom is an EP by Tata Young, released in 2005 after the success of the Bollywood film Dhoom. Young sang the leading song, "Dhoom Dhoom", which shot to number one in the music charts of many Asian countries.
The EP features the following songs on the Japanese release, where Tata Young has experienced a great deal of success. This EP, as well as Tata Young's older English album I Believe and her newer album Temperature Rising can still be found in some Japanese CD stores.

## Track listing

* This 2000s pop album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Subang, Subang

Subang is a town and the capital of the Subang Regency in West Java, Indonesia. It lies approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) southeast of Jakarta and 54 kilometres (34 mi) northeast of Bandung by road. The district had a population of 120,346 in 2010 which grew to 137,284 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 141,038.

## History

In April 1952 the Harian Rakjat stated that the Communist Party of Indonesia had organized a course in Subang along with Karawang.

## Landmarks

The government office Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang, the House of Representatives of Subang District, the park Alun Alun Kabupaten Subang, and Al-Musabaqoh Grand Mosque are in the town centre. The University of Subang is in the southeast and the football pitch Stadion Persikas lies in the south of the town. P. T. Taekwung Industrial Estate lies on the northeastern outskirts of the town as does a Class II prison in the north. The principal hospital is Rumah Sakit PTPN VIII Hospital.
Museum Wisma Karya is a colonial period building and museum in Subang. It contains a range of items from ancient fossils to a bronze statue of P.W. Hofland, which was made in 1878.

## Climate

Subang has a borderline tropical rainforest climate (Af) and tropical monsoon climate (Am) with exactly 60 millimetres (2.4 in) in the driest month, August. It has moderate rainfall from June to September and heavy to very heavy rainfall from October to May.
Climate data for Subang :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.1 (91.6) | 33.2 (91.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.7 (89.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.7 (80.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.2 (72.0) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 21.8 (71.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 468 (18.4) | 398 (15.7) | 411 (16.2) | 325 (12.8) | 237 (9.3) | 118 (4.6) | 94 (3.7) | 60 (2.4) | 70 (2.8) | 166 (6.5) | 304 (12.0) | 398 (15.7) | 3,049 (120.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||