OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Indira Billi

Indira, also known as Indira Billi, is an Indian film actress of Hindi and Punjabi language movies.

## Early life and career

Born as Indira Kaur on 6 August 1936 at Dina Nagar, Gurdaspur district, Punjab, British India. She acted in many Punjabi films as a heroine and played minor roles in many Hindi films.
Indira Billi, as a child, grew up in Kharian, Gujrat District, Punjab, British India, now in Pakistan, when her family lived there before Partition of India in 1947. Then her family migrated to India and settled in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. However, her family later moved to Bombay in 1952 where her elder brother ran a business.
Due to her beauty and big blue eyes, she was noticed by many film studio people, when she visited them and was offered film roles. Her namesake actress Indira Bansal was also active in the film industry, when she first started acting. So film-makers chose to call her 'Indira Billi' due to her blue eyes.

## Marriage and retirement

She married Shiv Kumar Mehra who owned Kumar Talkies and was from an affluent family of Delhi. After her marriage, she retired and quit the film world to fully devote herself to the home life and to her family.

## Filmography (selected)
### Punjabi

* Kiklee (1960)
* Yamla Jatt (1960)
* Do Lachhian (1960)
* Chambe Di Kali (1960) Chambi
* Billo (1961)
* Khedan De Din Char (1962)
* Lado Rani (1963)
* Jagga (1964)
* Mama Ji (1964)... as Laali
* Sassi Punnu (1965 film)... as Sassi
* Shehar Di Kudi (1966)
* Neem Hakeem (1967)
* Pardesan (1969)……as Nikki
* Dupatta (1970)
* Kankan De Ohle (1971)
* Patola (1973)

### Urdu/Hindi

* Shri Ganesh Mahima (1950) as Rukmini
* Rangeela (1953)
* Faraar (1955)
* Milap (1955)
* Shree 420 (1955)
* Jawab (1955)
* Basant Bahar (1956)
* Laxmi (1957)... actors in theatre
* Paristan (1957)
* Yahudi (1958)... as Yasmin
* Forty Days (1959)
* Dil Deke Dekho (1959)
* Lalach (1960)
* Lucky Number (1961)
* Asli-Naqli (1962).. as Indira
* Meri Surat Teri Ankhen(1963) as Bela
* Fauladi Mukka (1965)as Anguri
* Mujrim Kaun Khooni Kaun (1965)
* Do Dil (1965) ..as Radhika
* Teen Sardar (1965) ..as Rukhsana
* Professor Aur Jadugar (1966)
* Ali Baba aur 40 Chor (1966)
* Phool Aur Patthar (1966)
* Badrinath Yatra (1967) ..as Chandra
* Mere Huzoor (1968)
# Gul-E-Bakawali (film)

Gul-E-Bakawali (transl. Flower of Bakawali) is a 1939 Indian Punjabi-language film by D. M. Pancholi, starring Salim Raza, Noor Jehan, Suraiya, Hem Lata and Jabeen. Based on the Indian folktale The Rose of Bakawali about the hedychium flower, said to be from a Persian legend in the Arabian Nights, it tells the story of fairy Bakawali and a prince who wants her magical flower to cure his blind father.

## Music

The film's music was composed by Ghulam Haider. The playback singers were K.L. Saigal and Shamshad Begum.
# Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh

The Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh (BIEAP) is a board of education in Andhra Pradesh, India. Established in 1971, it was located in Hyderabad, situated in the composite Andhra Pradesh state. The board is now located in Vijayawada after state reorganization in 2014. The board offers two-year courses in 85 streams and courses and conducts examinations.

## Academics

The Intermediate Education, also known as Higher Secondary Classes (HSC)/11th & 12th class is a two-year course conducted by the Andhra Pradesh Board of Intermediate Education. Is one of State secondary education boards of India. The board currently offers 85 streams and courses.
BIEAP offers general and vocational groups. General groups include Science, Humanities, and Commerce studies. In these groups, students learn theory and practice. That helps them to choose and pursue higher studies at the graduate level in both professional and general courses. Vocational groups are meant to educate students and train skills related to their branch of study. It will help them to get immediate self-employment or continue higher education.
Every student in BIE studies their subjects and receives practical training. They are also working towards environmental improvement, learning ethics and moral values to become a responsible, committed, and patriotic citizen of their country. The aim is to make them the "Nation's Potential Human Resource".

## Examinations

Intermediate public examinations in Andhra Pradesh include three different phases:
* Examinations of social and environmental responsibility: taken by every Intermediate student. Along with project works, these tests are mandatory for every student to get qualified. They include the following subject areas: Ethics and Human Values, Environmental Education.
* Practical examinations: for Science and Vocational group students.
* Theory examinations" for all students in their related subjects.
BIEAP conducts examinations for the 1st and 2nd year in March annually. Each year more than a million students appear for both Intermediate Junior and Senior Exams. The results are announced in April.
# Arbeidets Ridder

Arbeidets Ridder was a Norwegian/Danish language weekly labor newspaper published from Minneapolis during the 1880s.
Arbeidets Ridder (which means Knight of Labour) was started on the initiative of the Scandinavian Labor and Sick Benefit Society. Politically, the paper was close to the Knights of Labor. The paper carried the subtitle Organ for the Scandinavian workers in the North-West.
Johannes B. Wist was the founding editor of the Arbeidets Ridder. He served as editor of the newspaper from 1886 until 1887. Johannes Wist later became editor of the newspaper Decorah-Posten from 1901 to 1923.
# Daniel McConnell (footballer)

Daniel McConnell (born 21 June 1986) is a former member of the West Coast Eagles Australian Football League club. He was taken at pick 26 in the 2003 AFL draft by the West Coast Eagles, a second round selection.
He was traded to the Roos at the end of the 2005 season, in exchange for pick 13 (Shannon Hurn) and 29 (Ben McKinley).
# KFOO-FM

KFOO-FM (96.1 MHz, "Alt 96.1") is an alternative rock radio station serving the Spokane area of Washington, United States. It broadcasts with an ERP of 60,000 watts and is licensed to Opportunity, Washington. It is owned by iHeartMedia.

## History

The station signed on the air in 1961 as KZUN-FM. It would later become KKPL in 1982 broadcasting an adult contemporary format, known as "96 Apple FM". By the mid-1980s, the station had a mixed flavor of adult contemporary and Top 40 formats, known as "K-96.1" and "LITE 96".
By the 1990s, LITE 96 was competing in a crowded field for adult contemporary music between KISC and Classy 99.9. In 1992, the station flipped to country music as KNFR, under such brands as K-Frog and Kicks, and later KIXZ-FM "Kix 96" in 2001.
On March 24, 2012, the station flipped to a Top 40/CHR format as Hits 96.1, with an entirely-syndicated lineup of shows. Listeners were unhappy with the sudden drop of the country music format. On September 20, 2013, the station rebranded as Power 96.1, with no change in format. The station changed its calls to KPXR-FM. On May 8, 2014, KPXR-FM returned to country and the "Kix" brand as Kix 96.1. At the same time, the call letters were changed to KIIX-FM. It was due to rating and listener dissatisfaction with the pop format.
On March 2, 2018, KIIX-FM moved its programming and branding to sister KZFS, and began running promos redirecting listeners to the new frequency. The station re-launched as alternative rock Alt 96.1 on March 5. The station changed its call letters to KFOO-FM (which, like its previous usage in Tacoma, is in reference to the Seattle-based alternative band Foo Fighters).

## Notable former staff

* Jeremy McComb (2003–2004). Currently a country singer, best known for his hit singles "Wagon Wheel", "This Town Needs A Bar", and "Cold One".
# Battle of Kherlen

The Battle of Kherlen (Chinese: 臚朐河之戰) took place between the Eastern Mongols and Ming China at the banks of Kherlen River (Kerulen) in the Mongolian Plateau on 23 September 1409.

## Background

A conflict erupted between two Eastern Mongol leaders, the khan Guilichi and his principal retainer Arughtai, which culminated in the killing of Guilichi in 1408. Arughtai, the victor of the conflict, installed Bunyashiri as the new khan. Afterwards, the Ming court sent the envoy Guo Ji to demand the dispatch of a tribute embassy, but they killed the envoy instead. In contrast, the Mongol leader Mahmud of the Oyirad Mongols (Western Mongols) sent a tribute mission to the Yongle Emperor of Ming China in 1408. The Ming court, who were appalled that the Eastern Mongols refused to establish tributary relations and murdered their envoy, would use the Oyirad Mongols to offset the Eastern Mongols.
The Eastern Mongols were attacked north of Ningxia by the Oyirad Mongols led by Mahmud and were thus routed to the Kherlen River, so the Yongle Emperor took the opportunity for a military expedition against the Eastern Mongols. The emperor sent an army led by Qiu Fu against the Eastern Mongols. The Mingshi records that the army comprised 100,000 cavalry, but Rossabi (1998) states that this is an unrealistic and exaggerated figure.

## Battle

On arrival at Kherlen River, Qiu Fu's troops captured a Mongol who revealed that the enemy was disorganized and retreating chaotically. They acted on this information and pursued the Eastern Mongols into the steppe. Rossabi (1998) remarks that they did so without taking into account the tactic of feigned retreat. Qiu Fu only took a force of 1,000 cavalry in the pursuit north of the river.
Bunyashiri and Arughtai's forces attacked Qiu Fu's force west of Onon river, which resulted in the defeat of Qiu Fu's force and the death of Qiu Fu in the battle. Qiu Fu only had the 1,000 cavalry when the Eastern Mongols engaged. He was detached from the other troops in his army and was in a vulnerable position when the Eastern Mongols launched their attack.
In the battle, Qiu Fu, the Duke of Qi, was killed along the four marquises Wang Cong, Qoryocin, Wang Zhong, and Li Yuan, who all assisted Qiu Fu in the military campaign.

## Aftermath

The Yongle Emperor blamed Qiu Fu for not waiting until the main body of the army arrived, posthumously stripped Qiu Fu and Qoryocin (who reluctantly went along with Qiu Fu) from their noble titles, and exiled Qiu Fu's family to Hainan island. After this battle, the emperor would personally lead a punitive expedition against the Eastern Mongols, which resulted in the defeat of both Bunyashiri and Arughtai's forces by the Ming army in the expedition.
# Daniel S. Voorhees

Daniel S. Voorhees (1914 – 1953) was a transient restaurant porter who confessed to the murder of Elizabeth Short on January 28, 1947. He asked members of the Los Angeles Police Department to meet him in downtown Los Angeles, at 4th Street and Hill Street. Voorhees was eliminated as a suspect in the Black Dahlia slaying because his handwriting did not match that in the killer's note, and after he refused to give any details and his testimony was proven false.
Voorhees was just one of around 500 people who came forward claiming to have killed Elizabeth Short after the case gained notoriety in the national press, some did seeking fame while others did because of mental illness, with Voorhees falling into both categories.

## Background

Daniel S. Voorhees was an Army veteran who served during World War II from Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America where he had a wife and 9-year-old daughter who were contacted by the Phoenix Police Department at the request of the LAPD; he also had a criminal record in Phoenix for petty crimes.
Voorhees had been working as a porter in a Los Angeles hotel when he called the police to confess to Short's murder citing a guilty conscience.
After confessing, Voorhees spent the night in the Los Angeles County Jail after he told LAPD detective E.R. Barrett that he met with Elizabeth Short on Hill Street two weeks earlier. He claimed to have taken her for a ride on a Wilshire Boulevard bus. He did not say where the two of them went or whether they saw one another later. A police psychiatrist, Dr. Paul De River, delayed a lie detector test on Voorhees until he recovered from what was described as a "befuddled and bewildered" state. Voorhees said that he met Short in 1941 and dated her several times. He refused to say where he met Short on these occasions and police investigators established that when Voorhees claimed to have met Short she was a teenager living on the East Coast and so he was dismissed as an attention-seeker. Indeed, contemporary FBI and police memorandums note that Voorhees was just seeking fame and was mentally ill.

## Disappearance and death

Voorhees went missing sometime after January 28, 1947. On the day Short's body was discovered, January 15, Voorhees registered at a hotel at 1012 East Seventh Street in Los Angeles, at 10:45 A.M. He checked out of the hotel on the morning of January 16. The hotel owner stated that he had not seen Voorhees after this date and he was not tracked down any further by the police who had dismissed him as a suspect by this point. He was found again, but died of lung cancer on July 28, 1953.
# Natalia Wróbel

Natalia Wróbel (born 9 August 2003) is a Polish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Premier League club Glasgow City.

## Club career

She started her career with Polish side AZS UJ Kraków. After that, she was sent on loan to Polish side Respekt Myślenice. In 2022, she signed for Danish side Brøndby. She has been described as "one of the most talented young generation footballers" in Poland.
On 12 July 2024, she signed a three-year deal with Scottish club Glasgow City.

## International career

She has represented Poland internationally at youth level. She made her senior team debut against Kosovo on 25 November 2021.

## Personal life

She was born in 2003 in Poland. She has a brother.
# Nuhu Yaqub

Nuhu Omeiza Yaqub (3 March 1951 – 4 January 2025) was a Nigerian political science scholar. He was the former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Abuja (UNIABUJA) from June 2004 to 2009 and later as the pioneer Vice-Chancellor of Sokoto State University.

## Early life and education

Yaqub was born in Okene, present-day Kogi State, on 3 March 1951. After completing his elementary and secondary education, he gained admission to Bayero University, Kano, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Political Science (1977–1980). He also attended the University of Toronto (1982–1983) and the University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom (1984–1989), where he obtained a master's degree and a doctorate degree, respectively.

## Career

Yaqub began his career at Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, as a lecturer immediately after earning his first degree. He started as an Assistant Lecturer and rose to the rank of Professor in 1998. During his tenure, he held several academic and administrative positions, including Head of the Political Science Department and later Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences.
In June 2004, Yaqub was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Abuja for a five-year term. From 2010 to 2011, he served as a Scholar-in-Residence at Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, United States. Upon returning to Nigeria, he became the first Vice-Chancellor of Sokoto State University, serving from 2012 to 2017. He was later appointed the Chairman of the National Institute for Legislative and Democratic Studies (NILDS) Academic Advisory Board and was a member of board of trustees of Nigeria Association of Nephrology.

## Publications

Yaqub's works and lectures have been published in several journals, including:
* “Quasi-Democracy and Autocracy as Governance Systems in Nigeria: An Examination”
* “How Variants of Political Banditry Have Impacted Adversely on the Development and Consolidation of Democracy in Nigeria”
* “The 1993 Presidential Elections in Nigeria and the Alleged Use of Excessive Money: Implications for the Country's Political Culture and Future Politics”

## Death

Professor Yaqub passed away on 4 January 2025 in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
# 1854 Salvadoran presidential election

Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 11 February 1854. José María San Martín ran unopposed and was elected by the legislature. He had previously served as provisional president of the country from 30 January to 1 February 1852.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party |
| | José María San Martín | Conservative |
| Total |||
| Source: University of California, San Diego |||
# Bon Bini Holland 2

Bon Bini Holland 2 is a 2018 Dutch comedy film produced by Maarten Swart and directed by Jon Karthaus. Starring co-writer Jandino Asporaat who plays five different characters in the film, and Liliana de Vries. The film premiered in Dutch theaters nationwide on 13 December 2018. The film is a sequel to Bon Bini Holland. The film grossed more than $7 million and was the fourth-most visited Dutch film of 2019. It also won the Audience Award at the 2020 Netherlands Film Festival.

## Awards

* Golden and Platina Film, Netherlands: 1
** Golden Film: 2018
** Platina Film: 2018
* Netherlands Film Festival: 1
** Audience Award: 2019
# The geometry and topology of three-manifolds

The geometry and topology of three-manifolds is a set of widely circulated notes for a graduate course taught at Princeton University by William Thurston from 1978 to 1980 describing his work on 3-manifolds. They were written by Thurston, assisted by students William Floyd and Steven Kerchoff. The notes introduced several new ideas into geometric topology, including orbifolds, pleated manifolds, and train tracks.

## Distribution

Copies of the original 1980 notes were circulated by Princeton University. Later the Geometry Center at the University of Minnesota sold a loosely bound copy of the notes. In 2002, Sheila Newbery typed the notes in TeX and made a PDF file of the notes available, which can be downloaded from MSRI using the links below. The book (Thurston 1997) is an expanded version of the first three chapters of the notes. In 2022 the American Mathematical Society published a typeset version of the notes as part of the collected works of Thurston.

## Contents

Chapters 1 to 3 mostly describe basic background material on hyperbolic geometry.
Chapter 4 cover Dehn surgery on hyperbolic manifolds
Chapter 5 covers results related to Mostow's theorem on rigidity
Chapter 6 describes Gromov's invariant and his proof of Mostow's theorem.
Chapter 7 (by Milnor) describes the Lobachevsky function and its applications to computing volumes of hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
Chapter 8 on Kleinian groups introduces Thurston's work on train track and pleated manifolds
Chapter 9 covers convergence of Kleinian groups and hyperbolic manifolds.
Chapter 10 does not exist.
Chapter 11 covers deformations of Kleinian groups.
Chapter 12 does not exist.
Chapter 13 introduces orbifolds.
# Umer Tanveer

Umer Tanveer Butt (Urdu: عمر تنویر بٹ) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023.

## Political career

He ran for the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) from PP-10 Rawalpindi-X in the 2013 Punjab provincial election, but was unsuccessful. He received 36,521 votes and was defeated by Malik Iftikhar Ahmed, a candidate of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)).
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of the PTI from PP-15 Rawalpindi-X in the 2018 Punjab provincial election. He received 38,429 votes and defeated Malik Iftikhar Ahmed, a candidate of the PML(N).
# Jim Gannon (rugby league)

Jim Gannon (born 16 June 1977) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s.
Jim Gannon captained the New South Wales Under-18s to a series win. He was a Newcastle Knights junior playing Harold Matthews, SG Ball and reserve grade for the Newcastle Knights. Gannon's first-grade career began at Balmain Tigers where he made 22 appearances as a substitute in 1998 and 1999.
Gannon arrived in the Super League at Halifax midway through the 1999 campaign. He made 87 Super League appearances at Halifax before making the short trip to the Huddersfield Giants in 2003. Gannon was a key member of the Huddersfield Giants pack for four seasons, making 93 appearances. He played for Huddersfield in the 2006 Challenge Cup Final as a prop forward against St. Helens but the Huddersfield Giants lost 12–42.
Gannon signed for the Hull Kingston Rovers in 2007 in preparation for the club's first season in the Super League. He made 24 appearances for the Hull Kingston Rovers helping them secure their Super League status for the 2008 season.
Gannon was released from the second year of his contract with Hull Kingston Rovers to join National League One club the Widnes Vikings for the 2008 season.
After spending 3 successful seasons with the Widnes Vikings, which included winning a Northern Rail Cup winners medal in 2009, Gannon re-joined his adopted home town club of Halifax for the 2011 season.
# Patrol of Waddan

The Patrol of al-Abwa or Waddan occurred on the 12th of Rajab in the second Hijri year or in Safar of the same year. Muhammad took a force of 70 men and when he reached Waddan, the Quraysh were not present. However, the Banu Damrah met with Muhammad and they established a peace agreement for mutual cooperation and safety. No fighting occurred during this campaign.

## Events

After Muhammad and his followers had migrated to Medina in 622, the Muslims attacked several of the Quraysh's caravans traveling from Syria to Mecca. During the patrol to Waddan, a Muslim force sought one of the Quraysh's caravans, but was unable to engage with it. The expedition encountered a group of men from the Banu Damrah clan of the Banu Kinanah tribe in the area, and negotiations between the two camps began. A pact of friendship between the Muslims and the Banu Damrah was then produced.
According to Muslim scholar Muhammad al-Zurqani, the treaty read:
   "This document is from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, concerning the Banu Damrah in which [Muhammad] establishes for them safety and security in their wealth and lives. They can expect support from the Muslims unless they oppose the religion of Allah. They are also expected to respond positively if the Prophet seeks their help."
The treaty meant that both parties were forbidden from raiding each other, joining confederations hostile to one another, or supporting each other's enemies. William Montgomery Watt saw this as a deliberate attempt by Muhammad to provoke the Meccans.