OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fred Gipson

Frederick Benjamin Gipson (February 7, 1908 – August 14, 1973) was an American writer and screenwriter. He is best known for writing the 1956 novel Old Yeller, which became a popular 1957 Walt Disney film. Gipson was born on a farm near Mason in the Texas Hill Country, the son of Beck Gipson and Emma Deishler. After working at a variety of farming and ranching jobs, he enrolled in 1933 at the University of Texas at Austin. There he wrote for the Daily Texan and The Ranger, but he left school before graduating to become a newspaper journalist.

## Writings

In the 1940s, Gipson began writing short stories with a western theme, which proved to be prototypes for his longer works of fiction that followed. In 1946, his first full-length book, The Fabulous Empire: Colonel Zack Miller's Story, was published.
Hound-Dog Man, published in 1947, established Gipson's reputation when it became a Doubleday Book-of-the-Month Club selection and sold over 250,000 copies in its first year of publication. It was made into a film in 1959. His additional works included The Home Place (later filmed as Return of the Texan, a 1952 Western starring Dale Robertson and Joanne Dru), Big Bend: A Homesteader's Story, Cowhand: The Story of a Working Cowboy, The Trail-Driving Rooster, and Recollection Creek.
His novel Old Yeller won the Newbery honor, and was adapted into a 1957 Walt Disney Studios film. Old Yeller has two sequels – Savage Sam (1962), which also became a Walt Disney film in 1963, and Little Arliss, published posthumously in 1978. Old Yeller was the novel that Gipson considered his best work. Set in the Texas Hill Country in the 1860s just after the American Civil War, the story is about the 14-year-old boy Travis Coates (played by Tommy Kirk in the film) left in charge of the household while his father is away. Old Yeller, a stray dog adopted by the boy, helps in the formidable task of protecting the family on the Texas Ranch. Old Yeller was based on a Deishler family dog named "Rattler" and unlike Old Yeller, Rattler was a dark-colored Border Collie.

## Personal life

On June 14, 1962, Mike Gipson, Fred Gipson's son, found the Gipson family dog, the inspiration for Savage Sam, chained and clubbed to death in a shed behind the new family home. The next day, Mike returned to university in shock, and committed suicide that weekend. Gipson's wife would leave him a month after the premiere of Savage Sam.
# Napole Polutele

Napole Polutélé (born 25 June 1965) is a French politician.

## Early life

Born on Wallis, he studied in metropolitan France in Toulouse and Bordeaux, then began a career as a secondary school history and geography teacher, first in Nouméa (New Caledonia) for a year, then in his home island.

## Career

He served as a member of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna, before entering French national politics. He stood as a candidate in the 2013 by-election for Wallis and Futuna's seat in the French National Assembly. Although he stood as an independent, he was endorsed and supported by the right-wing Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). He was elected, in the second round on 24 March, with 37.5% of the vote, ahead of two candidates of the left. Two months later, having been elected to sit on the opposition benches (albeit officially as an independent), he joined the ranks of the Socialist-led majority in the National Assembly. He explained frankly that being a member of the majority would make it easier for him to lobby the government for funds and services for his constituents - who, he said, cared little for the left-right divide prevalent in metropolitan France. He subsequently sat as an independent on the benches of the left. Specifically, he promised to lobby for the setting up of a better sewerage system in the territory, and faster repairs following damage caused by a cyclone. His crossing the floor so soon after his election caused strong reactions within the UMP, with party leader Jean-François Copé describing it as "shocking" and the party's parliamentary leader Christian Jacob calling it "outrageous".
His re-election in June 2017 was annulled by the Constitutional Council on 2 February 2018, forcing a by-election.
# Sofie Bredgaard

Sofie Bruun Bredgaard (born 18 January 2002) is a Danish footballer who plays as a forward for Fiorentina and the Denmark national team.

## Club career

Bredgaard joined B 93 from BSF in 2017. The following year she scored for B 93 on her Kvindeligaen debut, in a 2–2 draw with Odense Q at Østerbro Stadium. In October 2017 she had spent a period training with Manchester City.
In July 2020 Bredgaard signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with Swedish Damallsvenskan club Linköpings FC. She regretted leaving home before the completion of her education, but noted that the pay and conditions for female footballers were much better in Sweden than Denmark. After playing in Linköpings' first match of the 2022 Damallsvenskan season, Bredgaard signed for FC Rosengård on 31 March 2022, the final day of the transfer window.

## International career

Bredgaard won her first cap for the Denmark national team on 12 April 2022, in a 2–0 2023 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group E win over Azerbaijan at Viborg Stadium. She entered play as a 77th-minute substitute for Sofie Svava.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 21 February 2023 | Stade Francis Le Basser, Laval, France | Uruguay | 1–0 | 3–2 | 2023 Tournoi de France |
| 2. | 31 October 2023 | Viborg Stadium, Viborg, Denmark | Wales | 1–2 | 1–2 | 2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League |

## Honours

FC Rosengård
* Damallsvenskan: 2022, 2024
* Svenska Cupen: 2021–22
# Frans Karjagin

Frans Karjagin (12 June 1909 – 16 July 1977) was a Finnish footballer and bandy player.

## Football career

He earned 57 caps at international level between 1929 and 1943. He also represented Finland at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
At club level Karjagin played for HPS, Töölön Vesa and HIFK.

## Bandy career

He capped 12 times at international level.

## Honours
### Football

* Finnish Championship: 1930, 1931, 1933, 1937

### Bandy

* Bandyliiga: 1934, 1935, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1944
# 2022 US Open – Wheelchair men's doubles

Martín de la Puente and Nicolas Peifer defeated the five-time defending champions Alfie Hewett and Gordon Reid in the final, 4–6, 7–5, [10–6] to win the men's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2022 US Open. It was de la Puente's maiden major title, and Peifer's eighth in doubles.

## Seeds

* Alfie Hewett / Gordon Reid (final)
* Martín de la Puente / Nicolas Peifer (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Alfie Hewett Gordon Reid | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Daniel Caverzaschi Jason Keatseangsilp | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Daniel Caverzaschi Jason Keatseangsilp | | | | 1 | Alfie Hewett Gordon Reid | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Alexander Cataldo Tokito Oda | 3 | 3 | | | | | | |
| | Takuya Miki Casey Ratzlaff | 6 | 3 | [4] | | Alexander Cataldo Tokito Oda | 3 | 3 | | | | | | |
| | Alexander Cataldo Tokito Oda | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Alexander Cataldo Tokito Oda | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | 1 | Alfie Hewett Gordon Reid | 6 | 5 | [6] |
| | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Martín de la Puente Nicolas Peifer | 4 | 7 | [10] |
| | Tom Egberink Joachim Gérard | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Martín de la Puente Nicolas Peifer | 4 | 7 | [10] |
| | Gustavo Fernández Shingo Kunieda | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Gustavo Fernández Shingo Kunieda | 5 | 4 | | | Tom Egberink Joachim Gérard | 3 | 6 | [6] | | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | Martín de la Puente Nicolas Peifer | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | |
| | Maikel Scheffers Ruben Spaargaren | 4 | 0 | | 2 | Martín de la Puente Nicolas Peifer | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | |
| 2 | Martín de la Puente Nicolas Peifer | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Quemadmodum

Quemadmodum is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII pleading for the care of the world's destitute children after World War II, given at St. Peter's, Rome, on 6 January, Feast of the Epiphany, in 1946, the seventh of his Pontificate.
The Pope points out that during World War II, he spent all his powers of persuasion to end the conflict and to secure a peace based on justice, equity and right. As the war has ended, he leaves nothing undone to provide relief to several war-torn nations.
There are millions of innocent children in many countries without the basic necessities of life, suffering from cold, hunger and disease. The Pontiff and his aid organizations helped many of them, but his help has been inadequate to the immense task. He therefore turns to the bishops of the world asking for additional assistance and relief.
The Pope orders, that in each Catholic dioceses, a day of public prayers must be assigned to admonish the faithful of this urgent need and exhort them to support by their prayers, good works and offerings for needy and abandoned children. "Amen I say to you, as long as you did it for one of these, the least of my brethren, you did it for me" (Matt. 25, 40).
The Pontiff points out that these children will be pillars of the next generation and therefore it is essential that they grow up healthy in mind and body. Nobody should hesitate, then, to contribute time and money to a cause so opportune and essential. The less wealthy should give what they can with open hand and willing heart. Those who live in luxury should reflect and remember that the indigence, hunger and nakedness of these children will constitute a grave and severe indictment of them before God. All should be convinced that their liberality will not be loss but gain. One who gives to the poor is lending to God Who, in His own time, will repay his generosity with abundant interest.
# Case variants of IPA letters

With the adoption of letters from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in various national alphabets, letter case forms have been developed. This usually means capital (uppercase) forms were developed, but in the case of the glottal stop ʔ, both uppercase ⟨Ɂ⟩ and lowercase ⟨ɂ⟩ are used.
The adoption of IPA letters has been particularly notable in Sub-Saharan Africa, in languages such as Hausa, Fula, Akan, Gbe languages, Manding languages, and Lingala. The most common are open o ⟨Ɔ ɔ⟩, open e ⟨Ɛ ɛ⟩, and eng ⟨Ŋ ŋ⟩, but several others are found. Kabiyé of northern Togo, for example, has ⟨Ɔ ɔ, Ɛ ɛ, Ɖ ɖ, Ŋ ŋ, Ɣ ɣ, Ʃ ʃ, Ʊ ʊ⟩ (or ⟨Ʋ ʋ⟩), as in this newspaper headline:
    MBƱ AJƐYA KIGBƐNDƱƱ ŊGBƐYƐ KEDIƔZAƔ SƆSƆƆ TƆM SE.
Some of the IPA letters that were adopted into language orthographies have since become obsolete in the IPA itself.

## Chart

| IPA | Uppercase | Lowercase |
| ɑ | Ɑ |
| ɒ | Ɒ |
| ɐ | Ɐ |
| ɓ | Ɓ, Ƃ |
| β | Ꞵ | ꞵ (Latin beta) |
| ɔ | Ɔ |
| ƈ | Ƈ |
| ꞔ | Ꞔ |
| ð | Ð |
| ɖ | Ɖ, Ɗ |
| ɗ | Ɗ |
| ə | Ə, Ǝ |
| ɛ | Ɛ |
| ɜ | Ɜ |
| ɡ | Ɡ, G |
| ɠ | Ɠ |
| ɣ | Ɣ |
| ɤ | Ɤ |
| ħ | Ħ |
| ɦ | Ɦ |
| ɥ | Ɥ |
| ɨ | Ɨ |
| ɪ | Ɪ |
| ɩ | Ɩ |
| ʝ | Ʝ |
| ƙ | Ƙ |
| ʞ | Ʞ |
| ɫ | Ɫ |
| ɬ | Ɬ |
| ɱ | Ɱ |
| ɯ | Ɯ |
| ŋ | Ŋ |
| ɲ | Ɲ |
| ƞ | Ƞ |
| ɵ | Ɵ |
| ƥ | Ƥ |
| ɋ | Ɋ |
| ɽ | Ɽ |
| ʀ | Ʀ |
| ʂ | Ʂ |
| ʃ | Ʃ |
| ʈ | Ʈ, Ŧ |
| ƭ | Ƭ |
| ʇ | Ʇ |
| ʉ | Ʉ |
| ʊ | Ʊ |
| ɷ | ꟝ |
| ʋ | Ʋ |
| ʌ | Ʌ |
| χ | Ꭓ | ꭓ (Latin chi) |
| ᶎ | Ᶎ |
| ʒ | Ʒ, reversed Ʃ |
| θ | Θ, ϴ |
| ɸ | Φ |
| ʔ | Ɂ | ɂ |
| ʕ | ꟎ | ꟏ |
Others letters are the graphic equivalent of IPA capitals, but are not identified with the IPA. Examples are ɟ Ɉ (the capital of ɉ) or ɟ Ⅎ (the capital of ⅎ) and ʎ ⅄ (the capital of λ in Americanist usage).
# John Edward Taylor (bishop)

John Edward Taylor, OMI (November 15, 1914 – September 9, 1976) was an American Roman Catholic bishop. The first American-born bishop to head a European diocese, he was Bishop of Stockholm in Sweden from 1962 to 1976.

## Early life and priesthood

Taylor was born in East St. Louis, Illinois, to Robert and Mary (née Pohl) Taylor. After attending St. Henry’s Preparatory Seminary in Belleville, he took his vows for the Oblates of Mary Immaculate in 1934. He continued his studies in Rome, where he attended the Angelicum and the Gregorian.
On May 25, 1940, Taylor was ordained to the priesthood in Rome. He earned his Ph.D. at Ottawa University in 1941, with a thesis on the philosophy of John Dewey. Returning to the United States, he taught at the Oblates’ minor seminary in Belleville before serving as superior of Oblate seminaries in Carthage, Missouri (1947-1953) and in Pass Christian, Mississippi (1953-1958).
In 1958, Taylor was chosen to lead a mission to revive the Catholic Church in Greenland. He first established a headquarters in the Copenhagen suburb of Herlev and, in 1960, became the first Catholic priest to settle in Greenland since the Reformation.

## Bishop of Stockholm

On July 2, 1962, Taylor was appointed Bishop of Stockholm in Sweden by Pope John XXIII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 21 from Archbishop Bruno Heim, with Bishops Jacques Mangers and Fulton J. Sheen serving as co-consecrators, in the Blue Hall of Stockholm City Hall. The event was the first consecration of a Catholic bishop in Sweden since 1531. His episcopal motto was Evangelizare misit me.
During his tenure, the estimated number of Catholics in the Diocese of Stockholm (which covers all of Sweden) rose from 27,000 to 75,000, and the number of priests rose from 64 to 97. He also established a priests’ council, a Catholic education commission, and an ecumenical commission. He served as chairman of the Scandinavian Bishops Conference from 1970 to 1973.
Taylor attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council between 1962 and 1965. He presented Catholic peace activist Tom Cornell with the commemorative medal given to each bishop who participated in the Council, in acknowledgment of "the role that the Catholic Peace Fellowship, together with the Catholic Worker, played at the Council – the role of invisible Council Father."

## Later life

Following an operation to remove a cerebral tumor, Taylor resigned as Bishop of Stockholm on June 3, 1976. He retired to a nursing home run by the Bridgettines in Djursholm, where he died a few months later on September 9, at the age of 61.
# Apocalypse (chess variant)

Apocalypse is a chess variant invented by C. S. Elliott in 1976. Each player starts with two horsemen and five footmen on a 5×5 board. The two sides make their moves simultaneously.
The game was featured in Issue 53 of Games & Puzzles magazine. The name Apocalypse is a reference to the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.

## Game rules

The starting setup is as shown. Horsemen and footmen move the same as knights and pawns respectively do in chess, except footmen do not have a double-step option on their first move. For each turn, every player secretly writes down their move, then they simultaneously declare them. The following rules apply:
* If each player moves a piece to the same square, a horseman captures a footman. Same-type pieces are both removed from the board.
* If a capture is declared using a footman, but the piece to be captured moves from its square, the footman move still stands. The move converts to being a diagonal step instead of a capture.
* If a declared move is illegal, the player loses their turn and incurs a penalty point.
Upon reaching the furthest rank, a footman is promoted to a horseman when the player has fewer than two horsemen. Otherwise, the player must redeploy the footman to any vacant square not on the furthest rank; the square to which the footman is redeployed must be written as part of that footman's move. It is illegal for a player to advance their only footman to the last rank while having fewer than two horsemen.

### End of game

A player wins by having at least one footman while their opponent does not. Accumulating two penalty points forfeits the game. The game is drawn if each player loses their last footman at the same time. If both players have footmen remaining, but at least one of the players has no legal moves, the game is a draw (this is similar to the stalemate rule).
# Aeningia

Aeningia is an island mentioned in the Natural History by Pliny the Elder, written in the 1st century CE. According to Pliny, Aeningia was inhabited by Sarmatians (Sarmati), Veneti (Venedi), Sciri and Hirri, bordering Vistula. Aeningia was probably a corrupted form of Aestingia (Estland) and referred to the area of the present-day Baltic states and northern Poland.
Some early European historians interpreted the name as a corrupt form of Finland, constructing a hypothetical Latin name Finningia as the original name. This probably originated from Olaus Magnus who was the first to place Finningia olim regnum on the map in 1539 or from Jacob Ziegler, who placed Finlandia and Einingia next to each other in present-day southwestern Finland in 1532.
# Nick Jr. (Russian TV channel)

Nick Jr. (Russian: Ник Джуниор, romanized: Nik Džunior) was a children's cable/satellite television channel which launched in November 2011.

## History

In November 2011, MTV Networks Europe launched Nick Jr. in Russia and the CIS countries. Before its launch as a full-time channel Nick Jr. had a block on Nickelodeon. The channel broadcast on the pan-European feed of Nick Jr., so no Russian-language text appeared on channel promos, info or bumpers. In April 2023, a Kazakh audio track was added.
# New Era Building (Maquoketa, Iowa)

The New Era Building, also known as the Dobson Town Clock Building, is a commercial building located in Maquoketa, Iowa. The Late Victorian structure was designed by John Lake and built in 1890. The building was owned by Dr. A.B. Dobson, a "clairvoyant physician who treated patients by mail." Patients were asked to send one dollar and a lock of hair, which would enable him to cure their ills. The building's clock tower was built separately and was removed for scrap to help in the war effort during World War II.
# Arabs in Austria

Arabs in Austria (Arabic: عرب النمسا) are Austrians of Arab ethnic, particularly Lebanon, Syria, Palestinian, Iraq, Jordan and also small groups from Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Libya, Yemen and Sudan, who emigrated from their native nations and currently reside in Austria. Most Arab Austrians are of Iraqis and Lebanese or Syrian origin, as a result of the fact that they were the first Arabs to arrive in Austria.
In addition, Austria has people from Arab countries, who have the status of refugees (Refugees of the Syrian civil war) or illegal immigrants (Algerians of mainly Berber descent and usually mistakenly called Arabs) trying to immigrate to Western Europe.

## Notable people

* Kerim Frei, footballer born to Turkish father and Moroccan mother
* Adnan Ibrahim, theologian and Muslim preacher of Palestinian origin
* Abdel Sattar Sabry, Footballer of Egyptian origin
* Tarafa Baghajati, activist and writer of Syrian origin
* Omar Hamdi, artist of Syrian-Kurdish origin
* Alisar Ailabouni, fashion and model
* Fadi Merza, kickboxing and Muay Thai of Syrian origin
* Nadja Maleh, Austrian actress, singer, cabaret artist and director.
# Verner Eklöf

Verner Edmund Eklöf (8 March 1897 – 2 December 1955) was a Finnish sportsman active in the 1920s.

## Career
### Association football

Eklöf played association football at international level, scoring 17 goals in 32 appearances between 1919 and 1927. Eklöf played club football for HIFK and HJK. His move from HIFK to HJK in 1920 is considered the first major transfer in Finnish football history.

### Olympics

Eklöf competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1924 Winter Olympics, finishing ninth overall.
# Charles Bennett Ray

Charles Bennett Ray (December 25, 1807 – August 15, 1886) was a prominent African-American minister and abolitionist who owned and edited the weekly newspaper The Colored American. Born in Massachusetts, he spent most of his career and life in New York City.

## Early life and education

Born a free man in Falmouth, Massachusetts, Ray was the son of mail carrier Joseph Aspinwall Ray and his wife Annis Harrington. He attended Wesleyan Seminary in Wilbraham, Massachusetts, studying theology. In 1832 he enrolled as the first black student at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, although his enrollment was revoked less than two months later. White students protested his admission.

## Move to New York and ministry

Ray moved to New York City in 1832 and opened a boot and shoe store. He became a Methodist minister and later a Congregational minister.
Ray served as pastor of two predominantly white churches in New York City, Crosby Congregational Church and Bethesda Congregational Church. Ray was a strong supporter of the temperance movement, and was a member of the American Missionary Association, the African Society for Mutual Relief, and co-founded the Society for the Promotion of Education Among Colored Children.

## Abolitionism

In the early 1830s Ray became involved in the abolitionist movement, and became a prominent promoter of the Underground Railroad. He was also co-founder and director of the New York Vigilance Committee and a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society, assisting refugee slaves. Ray was also active in the Society of the Promotion of Education Among Colored Children.

## The Colored American

In 1838 Ray and Phillip Alexander Bell became co-owners of The Colored American, the fourth weekly periodical published by African Americans. In 1839 Ray became the sole owner and editor. The Colored American promoted "the moral, social and political elevation of the free colored people; and the peaceful emancipation of the slaves." Ray traveled throughout the North giving speeches condemning prejudice against African Americans. In 1840 he became a supporter of the newly founded Liberty Party, the only publicly pro-Abolitionist political party.

## Family

Ray married twice: first in 1834 to Henrietta Green Regulus, who died two years later in childbirth. He married again in 1840, to Charlotte Augusta Burroughs. They had seven children together, including Charlotte E. Ray, who became the first female African-American attorney; Florence Ray, who also became an attorney; and Cordelia Ray, who became a poet and known for her 80-line ode, "Lincoln".
Charles B. Ray died in New York City and is buried in Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn.