# A. S. Embree

Adolphus Stewart Embree, born Adolphus Nelson Stewart McKenzie Embree, was a Canadian-American union organizer, metal assayer, and leader in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Embree served as the secretary-treasurer pro tempore of the national IWW for a period of two months after the national office was raided by federal agents.

## Biography

Embree was born on December 15, 1877, in Blackhead, Newfoundland, Canada, to Jeremiah and Annie Elizabeth Embree. Jeremiah was a Methodist Minister in Blackhead. Embree's mother and father died in 1889 and 1890 respectively. Following his father's death, in 1890, he moved to British Columbia. In 1908, he married Lucy Ladd Mackenzie. In either 1908 or 1909, Adolphus and Lucy immigrated to the United States. They had three children, William M. Embree (1910-?), John Howard Embree (1913-1917), Lucy Ladd (Una) Embree (1919-?)
Embree was the editor of the Nome Industrial Worker in Nome, Alaska and chairman of the Bisbee, Arizona IWW strike committee. He was among the union men deported during the Bisbee Deportation, July 12, 1917. He later returned to Bisbee, and was arrested on a charge of inciting a riot. After a change of venue, he was tried in Tucson, and acquitted minutes after testimony was completed. Embree then again returned to Bisbee, and was jailed for three months, and threatened with lynching if he did not leave for good.
Embree sought relief from the federal government, arguing that he had the right to live with his wife and children wherever he chose. The federal government informed him that they saw no grounds on which to intervene.
He then worked as an organizer in Butte, Montana, and then traveled to Idaho, where he was arrested for making speeches and distributing literature for the IWW. Embree was convicted of violating Idaho's Criminal Syndicalism Act in Shoshone County in 1921, and spent more than three years in jail. After he was released, he began organizing coal miners in Colorado in March 1926, focusing in particular on Walsenburg, Colorado.
The subsequent strike involved a statewide walkout of twelve thousand miners. The strike is best known for the Columbine Mine Massacre.
In August 1939, Embree was working as an organizer for the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers (IUMMSW) in Silverton, Colorado. He and the secretary of the Silverton local were forced into an automobile and deported. The National Labor Relations Board stepped in and ordered back pay for miners who had also been evicted.
Embree died in 1957.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Walsh, John William (2000). "Parish Records, Conception Bay North ~ Northern Distric, Blackhead - Methodist Parish Birth Records (1842 - 1900)". NL GenWeb. Archived from the original on 2024-12-26. Retrieved 2024-12-26.
* ↑ Smith, Gibbs M. (1969). Joe Hill. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press. p. 117. OCLC 60955.
* ↑ Campbell-Hale, Leigh. “Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike.” Doctor of Philosophy, university of Colorado, 2013. https://scholar.colorado.edu/downloads/k06987831.
* 1 2 3 Kohn, Stephen Martin (1994). American Political Prisoners: Prosecutions Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts (1st ed.). Westport, CT: Praeger. p. 170. ISBN 9780275944155. OCLC 29031281.
* 1 2 3 "I.W.W. Organizer is Sent to Prison". Mining and Scientific Press. 122: 789. June 4, 1921 – via archive.org.
* ↑ Newfoundland, Department of Tourism, Culture, and Recreation. "Ancestry Library Edition". Ancestry.com. p. 136. Retrieved 2025-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* ↑ British Columbia Vital Statistics Agency. "Marriage Index, 1872-1935". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
* 1 2 United States Bureau of the Census. "Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910" (Microfilm). ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. National Archives and Records Administration. NARA microfilm publication T624, roll 1749, page 27. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
* 1 2 United States Bureau of the Census; National Archives and Records Administration. "Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. NARA microfilm publication T625, Roll 976 Page 4A. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
* ↑ Arizona Department of Health Services. "Arizona Death Records". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
* 1 2 Foner, Philip Sheldon (1987). History of the Labor Movement in the United States: Labor and World War I, 1914-1918. Vol. 7 (1st ed.). New York: International Publishers Company. p. 278. ISBN 9780717806386. OCLC 15793788.
* ↑ Dubofsky, Melvyn; McCartin, Joseph Anthony (2000). We Shall Be All: A History of the Industrial Workers of the World (Abridged ed.). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 222. ISBN 9780252025952. OCLC 43403415.
* 1 2 Rees, Jonathan (2010). Representation and Rebellion: The Rockefeller Plan at the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, 1914-1942. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 9781607320401. OCLC 558840906.
* ↑ Grinstead, Steve; Fogelberg, Ben; Colorado Historical Society (2004). Western Voices: 125 Years of Colorado Writing. New York: Fulcrum Publishers. p. 190. ISBN 9781555918040. OCLC 609854080.
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