OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Earl of Snowdon

Earl of Snowdon is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1961, together with the subsidiary title of Viscount Linley, of Nymans in the County of Sussex, by Queen Elizabeth II for her then-brother-in-law, Antony Armstrong-Jones, who married Princess Margaret in 1960.

## Titles
### Choice of names

Snowdon, chosen for the earldom, had previously been used for a peerage title with royal associations. The title of Baron Snowdon had been conferred in 1726 along with the Dukedom of Edinburgh on Prince Frederick Louis, grandson of George I and future Prince of Wales. It merged with the Crown in 1760, when its holder acceded as George III.
Linley, chosen for the viscountcy, comes from the 1st Earl of Snowdon's maternal great-grandfather, the English cartoonist and illustrator Edward Linley Sambourne.
Nymans, chosen as territorial designation of the viscountcy, relates to an English garden near Handcross in West Sussex, where Anne Armstrong-Jones, née Messel, Countess of Rosse, mother of the 1st Earl of Snowdon, had grown up.

### Life peerage

In November 1999, the 1st Earl of Snowdon received a life peerage as Baron Armstrong-Jones, under a device designed to allow first-generation hereditary peers to retain their seats in the House of Lords, after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999.

## Earls of Snowdon (1961)

* Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon (1930–2017)
** David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon (born 1961)
*** (1) Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (b. 1999)
The heir apparent is the present holder's only son, Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (b. 1999). He is alone in the line of succession to the earldom.

## Coats of arms

* Arms of the 1st Earl of Snowdon, GCVO
* Arms of the 2nd Earl of Snowdon
* Arms of the 2nd Earl of Snowdon's heir apparent Charles, Viscount Linley
# Edmond J. Safra Synagogue (Manhattan)

The Edmond J. Safra Synagogue, organized by Congregation Beit Yaakov, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located on East 63rd Street off Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The congregation practices in the Nusach Sefard rite.
The synagogue is one of several that are eponymous with Edmond J. Safra (1932-1999), a banker and philanthropist, partially or fully funded by the Edmond J. Safra Foundation.

## Development

The synagogue project was initiated by philanthropist Edmond Safra before his death in 1999, and dedicated in 2003. Safra's goal was to have a Sephardic synagogue on Manhattan's Upper East Side.
During his lifetime, Edmond J. Safra was often in New York City and spent many Shabbats in Manhattan. Noting the absence of a formal synagogue and communal center for the Sephardic Jews of the Upper East Side of Manhattan, he expressed a desire to build a central house of worship in the area. The synagogue was completed in December 2002.
Dignitaries including the Chief Rabbi of Israel and the then Mayor Michael Bloomberg attended an official inauguration of the building in October 2003.

## Architecture

The synagogue, whose congregational name is "Congregation Beit Yaakov" after Safra's father's name, was designed by architect Thierry Despont, and has been described as a "sumptuous work of Beaux-Arts revival." The interior and facade of the building is made of Jerusalem stone quarried in Judea. The massive bronze doors with their Tree of Life motif are by American sculptor Mark Beard.
Due to its location in the Upper East Side Historic District, the synagogue design required approval from the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, which called it an "artful synthesis of the composition, details and material palette of the Beaux-Arts style, which plays an important role in defining the special architectural character of the Upper East Side Historic District."

## Clergy

On January 31, 2017, Rabbi Elie Abadie, the first rabbi of the Edmond J. Safra Synagogue, was fired from his position after failing to reach a financial agreement after his contract expired and that negotiations with him started in 2015 had been unsuccessful.
Following the rabbi's departure in January 2017, the synagogue's name was changed to Congregation Beit Edmond and Rabbi Shlomo Farhi became the rabbi.
# Jess Hall

Jess Hall is a British cinematographer. His parents were Stuart Hall, the Jamaican-born Cultural Studies pioneer and former professor at the Open University, and Catherine Hall, Professor and leading historian at University College, London.

## Life and career

Hall's first job as cinematographer took place on production of the film Stander, starring Thomas Jane. He acted as director of photography on several British productions, including the Edgar Wright crime comedy Hot Fuzz, the comedy Son of Rambow and the drama Brideshead Revisited, his work on which earned him a Satellite Award nomination. Hall began working on American productions starting with the 2010 comedy The Switch and followed by 30 Minutes or Less, The Spectacular Now and Transcendence.
He was the cinematographer for the Scarlett Johansson-starring adaptation of the Japanese anime Ghost in the Shell. He has stated that he sought out a digital camera that could replicate the style anime is shown in.
Hall studied at New York University as well as St Martins College of Art & Design.

## Filmography

Film
| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| 2003 | Stander | Bronwen Hughes | |
| 2007 | Hot Fuzz | Edgar Wright | |
| 2007 | Son of Rambow | Garth Jennings | |
| 2008 | Brideshead Revisited | Julian Jarrold | |
| 2009 | Creation | Jon Amiel | |
| 2010 | The Switch | Will Speck Josh Gordon | |
| 2011 | 30 Minutes or Less | Ruben Fleischer | |
| 2013 | The Spectacular Now | James Ponsoldt | |
| 2014 | Transcendence | Wally Pfister | |
| 2017 | Ghost in the Shell | Rupert Sanders | |
| 2019 | Serenity | Steven Knight | |
| 2022 | Chevalier | Stephen Williams | |
| 2025 | The Fantastic Four: First Steps † | Matt Shakman | Post-production |
Television
| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| 2021 | WandaVision | Matt Shakman | Miniseries |
| 2023 | The Consultant | Matt Shakman | 1 episode |
| 2023 | Monarch: Legacy of Monsters | Matt Shakman | 2 episodes |

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Title | Result |
| 2008 | Satellite Awards | Best Cinematography | Brideshead Revisited | Nominated |
# Kayke (footballer, born 2006)

Kayke Gouvêa Queiroz (born 19 June 2006), simply known as Kayke, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as forward for Botafogo.

## Career

Kayke arrived at Botafogo FR in the under-13 category in 2019, carrying out his entire development process in the club's youth sectors. In 2025 he was promoted to the main team at just 18 years old, playing in the last minutes of the defeat against Maricá FC on 11 January. Kayke scored his first goal as a professional three days after, in the match against Portuguesa.

## Honours
### Botafogo

* Copa Libertadores: 2024

### Botafogo U20

* Torneio Otávio Pinto Guimarães: 2024
# Everod Carter

Everod Carter (born 14 August 1947) is an Antiguan cricketer. He played in three first-class matches for the Leeward Islands from 1971 to 1975.
# Federation of Chatkal Mazdoor Unions

Federation of Chatkal Mazdoor Unions, a trade union of jute mill workers in West Bengal, India. The union is affiliated to the All India Trade Union Congress. The general secretary of FCMU is Debasish Dutta.
* This article related to an Indian trade union is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ilya Svinov

Ilya Yevgenyevich Svinov (Russian: Илья Евгеньевич Свинов; born 25 September 2000) is a Russian football player who plays for Ufa on loan from Baltika Kaliningrad.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for Fakel Voronezh on 10 July 2021 in a game against Baltika Kaliningrad.
On 4 December 2021, he signed a contract with Spartak Moscow until 31 May 2025, with the club option to extend for an additional year.
On 6 June 2022, he returned to Fakel Voronezh on a one-year loan deal. Svinov made his Russian Premier League debut for Fakel on 6 August 2022 against CSKA Moscow.
On 8 July 2024, Svinov signed a two-year contract with Russian First League side Baltika Kaliningrad.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 25 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Lada-Tolyatti | 2017–18 | Russian Second League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Lada-Tolyatti | 2018–19 | Russian Second League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Lada-Tolyatti | Total | Total | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Nosta Novotroitsk | 2018–19 | Russian Second League | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Nosta Novotroitsk | 2019–20 | Russian Second League | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 9 | 0 |
| Nosta Novotroitsk | 2020–21 | Russian Second League | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 25 | 0 |
| Nosta Novotroitsk | Total | Total | 34 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 0 |
| Fakel Voronezh | 2021–22 | Russian First League | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 24 | 0 |
| Spartak Moscow | 2021–22 | Russian Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Spartak-2 Moscow | 2021–22 | Russian First League | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Fakel Voronezh (loan) | 2022–23 | Russian Premier League | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 | 27 | 0 |
| Spartak Moscow | 2023–24 | Russian Premier League | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 93 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 98 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in relegation play-offs
# Washington World

The Washington World, or The World, is a free weekly newspaper in Central Vermont and is one of the prominent competitors of the Barre Montpelier Times Argus in the Barre, Vermont micropolitan area.
# Westhausen station

Westhausen station is a railway stop in the municipality of Westhausen, located in the Ostalbkreis district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the Stuttgart–Nördlingen railway. The train services are operated by Go-Ahead Bayern.
# Cups (game)

Cups is a contemporary American two-ranked single-lap member of the ancient game family of Mancala.
It was one of several games invented in 1965 by father and son Arthur Amberstone and Wald Amberstone who were both co-founders of the New York Gamers Association (N.Y.G.A.). They also invented Power, and High Deck, a card game based on medieval society. At the time, both were working as basket makers as well as game designers in New York City. This game was first published in A Gamut of Games by Sid Sackson in 1969. Wald Amberstone co-founded the Tarot School in 1995 along with his wife Ruth Amberstone.

## Rules
### Equipment

The Cups board is constructed from ten containers: eight small containers called cups and two large containers called pots. In addition to these, 80 beans are needed. Traditionally, the game is played with odds and ends, jars, drinking cups and assorted items serving as the beans.

### Setup

Each player has four cups in front of them and a pot at the end of every row on the furthest right. Each of the player's four cups is aligned adjacent to one of the other player's four cups. Each player receives forty beans as his stock and sits across from the other player.

### Gameplay
#### Example Start of Game

Lower player begins by sowing four beans from his stock left to right.
Higher player sows three beans from his stock right to left and captures a bean.
Lower player sows the bean closest to his pot into his pot.
Players only play on their own four cups. At the beginning of a player's turn, the player has the option of doing one of two things.
* The player may remove 1, 2, 3, or 4 beans from his stock and sow them from his leftmost cup (furthest from his pot) towards his pot. Sowing, a term used in Mancala, means to place them in one by one along the line of cups.
* The player may empty one of his cups and sow the contents towards his pot. The player may only do this if the number of beans in the cup is exactly enough to reach the pot.

### Capturing

If the player chooses option one and the last bean lands in an empty cup, a capture may take place. In a capture, the opponent's cup adjacent to the formerly empty cup is emptied and placed into the capturing player's pot, unless the opponents cup is empty.

### Blocked cups

A blocked cup is one that contains more beans than would be needed to perform option two, sowing the beans into the pot. it is unwise to block one's cups because it makes sowing from that cup impossible.

### Object

The object of Cups is to have more beans in one's pot than one's opponent. The game ends when neither player can make a move: a turn is always made if one is possible.

### Variation

This game can also be played with any even number of cups. The cups are arranged in the same manner as above where each cup has one of the opponent's cup adjacent to it and a pot on each end. Ten beans are added to the player's stock for each extra cup he has. For example, if a player has ten cups, he would have 100 beans and the board would consist of 22 containers.
# Battle of Maranga

The Battle of Maranga occurred in 363, shortly after the Battle of Ctesiphon. The Romans repelled a Sasanian attack while sustaining minimal losses. However, the army's lack of supplies continued to threaten the army, and soon afterwards the emperor Julian was killed at the Battle of Samarra.

## Background

After defeating the Persians in battle on the banks of the Tigris and surrounding the capital, Ctesiphon, Julian soon became convinced of his inability to take the city. The apparent impregnability of Ctesiphon, along with his desire to defeat Shapur the Persian king in battle, resolved Julian to abandon the siege. The river fleet which had accompanied the march of the army was abandoned to the flames, and Julian, relying on the fertility of the country for provisions for the troops, ordered the baggage train to be burnt, only 20 days' supplies being preserved. The army then proceeded inland, guided by native captives, who however took care to supply the emperor with misinformation and faulty councils, while Shapur fired the country, harassed the enemies' scouts, and dexterously eluded his main army. Incapable of forcing a battle, Julian fell back on the Tigris, resolved on a retreat north-westwards to the Roman province of Corduene, before his scanty and rotting provisions should run out.

## Battle

The Persians, who had assembled a very numerous army, now closed upon the rear of the Romans. Julian's march was continually harassed, and the fighting at Maranga reached the proportions of a battle. Although the Persians were rebuffed and Julian's retreat was enabled to proceed, the losses were considerable on his side as well, and the retardation of his march contributed to weakening the army whose provisions were on the verge of giving out.

## Aftermath

The subsequent death of Julian in the action of Samarra, which was similarly a tactical success for the Romans, contributed to lower the morale of the troops, and the emperor Jovian, whom they elected in the camp as Julian's successor, was brought by the threat of famine and the Persian army to conclude a disgraceful peace with Shapur II, conceding all the gains of the treaty of Diocletian (298), and important border fortresses such as Nisibis and Singara, as well.
# IB Group 5 subjects

The Group 5: Mathematics subjects of the IB Diploma Programme consist of two different mathematics courses, both of which can be taken at Standard Level (SL) or Higher Level (HL). To earn an IB Diploma, a candidate must take either Mathematics Applications and Interpretation (SL/HL) or Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (SL/HL), as well as satisfying all CAS, TOK and EE requirements.

## Examination structure

At the standard level (SL), there are 2 external examinations and 1 internal examination for both of the IB math courses. At the higher level (HL), there are 3 external examinations and 1 internal examination for both of the IB math courses.
The external examinations for Analysis and Approaches at the SL level consist of two exams: Paper 1 (which does not allow for the use of technology i.e calculators), and Paper 2 (which is taken with technology). HL students take an additional exam, Paper 3, which allows for the use of technology and consists of only 2 questions, although they are very long and consist of many sub-questions.
For Applications and Interpretations, the external examinations at the SL level also consist of two papers, and they both allow the use of technology. Similarly to A&A, HL students sit for the additional Paper 3 that allows for the use of technology and that consists of two long questions. Paper 1 and Paper 2 differ in A&I in the style of questions asked: Paper 1 is made up of short, 5-9 marks questions, whereas Paper 2 has longer questions ranging from 14-18 marks.

## Course syllabi

Both Mathematics Analysis and Approaches and Mathematics Applications and Interpretation include the following elements:
* Number and Algebra
* Functions
* Geometry and trigonometry
* Statistics and probability
* Calculus
* Proofs (HL only)
* Vectors (HL only)

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Maths in the DP". International Baccalaureate®. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
* ↑ "Understanding DP assessment". International Baccalaureate®. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
* ↑ "International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Subject Brief Mathematics: analysis and approaches" (PDF). International Baccalaureate. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
* ↑ "International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Subject Brief Mathematics: applications and interpretation" (PDF). International Baccalaureate. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
# Maya Puthagam

Maya Puthagam (transl. Magic book) is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language fantasy thriller film directed by Rama Jayaprakash. The film stars Ashok Kumar and Abarnathi along with Srikanth, Aadukalam Naren, Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy and K S G Venkatesh supporting roles.

## Cast

* Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan as Guru
* Abarnathi as Panchamadevi
* Srikanth
* Aadukalam Naren as Rangaraja Yaadhavrayar
* Pavan
* Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy
* K S G Venkatesh
* Ilavarasu as Sambasivam
* Dasarathi Narasimhan as Vikram

## Production

The film noted the debut direction for director Rama Jayaprakash.

## Reception

Maalai Malar critic rated two point five out of five and stated that "The first half of the screenplay moves to a dilapidated bungalow, opening the door to a room that is made for ghost movies, and the scares."
Abhinav Subramanian of Times of india wrote that "Maya Puthagam is a film that promises magic but delivers mediocrity" and rated two out of five star.
# Koreshan State Historic Site

The Koreshan State Park is a state park in Estero, Florida located on U.S. Highway 41 at Corkscrew Road. It was also added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 1976, under the designation of Koreshan Unity Settlement Historic District.
It contains areas of pine flatwoods habitat and the site of a religious colony, the Koreshan Unity, whose last members deeded the land to the state in 1961.

## Flora

The Koreshans imported a wide range of plant species from across the world, including: an Araucaria bidwillii (false monkey puzzle) tree, which is indigenous to Queensland, Australia, and drops seed pods as large as a football; a number of sausage trees, which are native to Africa and a favored food of giraffes; eucalyptus, mango and other fruit bearing trees; an extraordinary amount of Japanese bamboo that originally hails from the Edison and Ford Winter Estates; and many flowering trees and plants of a wide variety.

## Fauna

Among the wildlife of the park are gopher tortoises, bobcats, gray foxes, North American river otters and American alligators. Birds spotted include swallow-tailed kites, bald eagles, northern bobwhites and red-shouldered hawks.

## Recreational activities

Activities include fishing, picnicking, and boating, as well as camping, canoeing, hiking, and wildlife viewing. Amenities include a campground, boat ramp, trails and a picnic area on the Estero River. Kayak rentals from Estero Bay Outfitters on the river are available within a relatively short distance outside the park. Koreshan State Park has 60 campsites, 4 of which are glamping sites.

## Hours

Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and sunset every day of the year (including holidays).

## Gallery

* Founder's House.
* The Bamboo Landing.
* An ornamental bridge.
* Park staff conducting a prescribed burn.
* A gopher tortoise in the park.
* An otter on the Estero River.
* Herons on the Estero.
# Watkins Glen Review & Express

The Watkins Glen Review & Express is an American newspaper serving Watkins Glen, New York and the surrounding area. It has a weekly circulation of 3,200. Founded by Samuel Harvey Ferenbaugh, it traces its roots back to its predecessors the Express in 1854 and the Watkins Herald in 1882. It is currently owned by Finger Lake Media.

## History

The paper is the product of the merger of the Review and the Express. The Watkins Express traced its roots to the Watkins Republican, founded in June 1854. Founded by J. K. Averill, he managed it only for a single year before selling it. After passing through a series of owners it fell to Levi Gano, who made the paper a strict Republican vehicle and changed the name to the Express.
The Watkins Herald, predecessor to the Review, was founded by Samuel Harvey Ferenbaugh. Born in 1846, Ferenbaugh had apprenticed at the Corning Journal, subsequently founding the Painted Post Times and the Havana Democrat. When the Havana Democrat was moved to Watkins, the name was changed to the Watkins Herald.
Despite a leasing agreement in 1893, Ferenbaugh appears to have maintained ownership of the Herald until 1896, at which point the paper was sold to John Corbett, and the name changed to the Review.
In 1988, the two papers were merged, becoming the Review & Express. In 1998, the paper was purchased by the owners of the nearby Observer; the two papers maintain a shared web presence but are otherwise distinct.
# Up Went Nelson

"Up Went Nelson" was a song by The Go Lucky Four (a group of Belfast school teachers: Gerry Burns, Finbar Carolan, John Sullivan and Eamonn McGirr, managed at the time by Gerry Crean). It reached No.1 in the Irish charts where it remained for 10 weeks.
It was sung to the tune of "John Brown's Body" and is about the destruction on 8 March 1966 of Nelson's Pillar in Dublin.
# West Central Tribune

West Central Tribune is an American, English-language newspaper published twice weekly on Wednesdays and Saturdays in Willmar, Minnesota.

## History

The West Central Tribune originated with the Willmar Tribune, which was founded by Dr. Christian Johnson on February 19, 1895. Dr. Johnson was a supporter of the People's Part, which supported the small farmer and laborer. The paper started out as a four-page, eighth-column journal and eventually was expanded to eight pages. In addition to local and national news, the newspaper also included articles on progressive farming and the news in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, from which many residents had immigrated. Dr. Johnson turned the paper over to Victor E. Lawson (1871–1960) in August 1895. Lawson remained the editor of the paper for over fifty years. The newspaper has had several names:
* West Central Tribune (1980–current)
* West Central Daily Tribune (1959–1980)
* West Central Minnesota Daily Tribune (1950–1959)
* Willmar Daily Tribune (1928–1950)
* Willmar Weekly Tribune (1931–1950)
* Willmar Tribune (1895–1931)