OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Arab American News

The Arab American News (Arabic: صدى الوطن) is a weekly bilingual newspaper representing Arab Americans published in Dearborn, Michigan, USA in Greater Detroit. It began publishing on 7 September 1984 and its publisher is Lebanese-born Osama Siblani. It is believed to be the oldest and largest Arab-American newspaper.
In 2014, The Arab American News was one of the ethnic media outlets featured in an exhibit called “One Nation With News for All” at the Newseum in Washington, D.C.

## Osama Siblani

Siblani was inducted into the Michigan Journalism Hall of Fame in April 2013. He is the first to be inducted from an ethnic media outlet, and the second Arab American, after the induction of the late Helen Thomas in 1993.
Siblani is also the recipient of the “Spirit of Diversity in Journalism” award from Wayne State University, during the 10th Annual Helen Thomas Awards on April 16, 2010.
# The Astorian

The Astorian, formerly known as The Daily Astorian, is a newspaper, published in Astoria, Oregon, United States, established in 1873, and in publication continuously since then. The paper serves the Astoria, Warrenton, Seaside area, the Long Beach Peninsula, and surrounding areas. The newspaper is published three times each week and is owned by EO Media Group.

## History

The paper began publication on July 1, 1873, as the Tri-Weekly Astorian. The name was changed to The Daily Astorian on May 1, 1876, when publication became daily excepting Sundays. The paper's name has been altered several times since, becoming The Daily Morning Astorian in 1883, the Morning Astorian in 1899, the Evening Astorian-Budget – after the Morning Astorian and the 1893-founded Astoria Evening Budget merged – in 1930, and The Daily Astorian in 1960. In 2019, it switched to publishing three times a week and is now known as 'The Astorian', dropping 'Daily' from its name.
Its original publisher, DeWitt Clinton Ireland, sold the paper in 1880, and the publication has seen several changes of ownership since. The East Oregonian Publishing Company became the newspaper's owner in 1973, when that company merged with the Astorian-Budget Publishing Company. The purchase continued a connection between the East Oregonian, based some 300 miles (480 kilometers) to the east in Pendleton, Oregon, that had been established in 1909, when a group of East Oregonian staffers purchased the Astoria Budget. That company changed its name to EO Media Group in January 2013.
A new printing press was brought into use in February 2010, replacing one that had lasted since 1970. The new press was secondhand, from the Chicago Sun-Times, but was only five years old when acquired by the Astorian. The newspaper's building, which it had owned since 1970, was put up for sale in November 2024. The print and packaging operations will be moved to the company's Lakewood, Washington, facility by the end of December.

## In popular culture

In the 2005 film The Ring Two, The Daily Astorian was the workplace of fictional investigative journalist Rachel Keller. In the film, the newspaper headquarters is shown located at Astoria 12th and Marine Dr.
# Michael Heal

Michael George Heal (born 8 September 1948) is a former English first-class cricketer who played for Oxford University in the late 1960s and early 1970s, winning a Blue in 1970 and 1972. He also played for Gloucestershire's Second XI, and had one List A outing for their first team in 1973. He was born in Bristol.
As a career batting average of under 16 shows, Heal was generally unsuccessful as a batsman, but against Warwickshire in April 1972 he made an unbeaten 124, the highest score by far of his first-class career, to help set up a two-wicket victory. His only other half-century was 64 against Glamorgan in 1970.
He also played rugby union for Oxford University, winning a Blue for that as well.
# Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award

The Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award is one of the highest honors awarded to members of the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity for a lifelong achievement in uplifting the world through art and music. Its recipients include musical legends such as Aaron Copland, W. Francis McBeth, James Levine, Frederick Fennell, Maynard Ferguson, and Col. John R. Bourgeois, USMC (Ret.).

## Name

The award is named for Charles E. Lutton, a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia.

## History

The first award was given in 1952 in honor of Lutton.
| Year | Recipient | Chapter |
| 1952 | Thor Johnson | Alpha Rho, Alpha Alpha |
| 1954 | Howard Hanson | Iota, Alpha Alpha |
| 1956 | Earl V. Moore | Epsilon, Alpha Alpha |
| 1958 | Sigmund Spaeth | Iota |
| 1960 | Joseph E. Maddy | Epsilon |
| 1962 | Van Cliburn | Alpha Chi, Alpha Alpha |
| 1964 | Archie N. Jones | Alpha Mu, Alpha Alpha |
| 1967 | Price Doyle | Gamma Delta |
| 1970 | Aaron Copland | Alpha Upsilon |
| 1973 | Pablo Casals | Epsilon Iota |
| 1976 | William Warfield | Delta Lambda |
| 1979 | James Levine | Alpha Omega, Alpha Alpha |
| 1982 | Sherrill Milnes | Alpha Beta |
| 1985 | Clark Terry | Beta Zeta |
| 1988 | W. Francis McBeth | Alpha Iota |
| 1991 | Dave Grusin | Beta Chi |
| 1994 | William D. Revelli | Alpha Lambda |
| 1997 | Leonard Slatkin | Alpha Alpha |
| 2000 | Col. John R. Bourgeois, USMC (Ret.) | Zeta Pi, Alpha Alpha |
| 2003 | Frederick Fennell | Alpha Nu |
| 2006 | Maynard Ferguson | Xi Chi |
| 2009 | Jamey Aebersold | Gamma Omega |
| 2012 | Carlisle Floyd | Epsilon Iota, Alpha Alpha |
| 2015 | Ellis Marsalis, Jr. | Epsilon Lambda, Alpha Alpha |
| 2018 | Daniel E. Gawthrop | Xi Mu, Alpha Alpha |
# Abdelhamid Hassan

Abdelhamid "Mido" Hassan (Arabic: عبدالحميد حسن) (born 24 September 1972) is an Egyptian footballer. He retired from football in 2011. He played in the striker position for Egypt's Ittihad.

## Career

Abdelhamid started his career when he was 28 years old.
Abdelhamid Hasan holds the record for the 2nd fastest goal scored in the history of Egyptian football competitions. The goal took place in a match in 2006 with ENPPI against Ghazl El-Mehalla, after just 13 seconds of play-time.
Abdelhamid transferred to El-Ahly SC in January 2007. He was injured on 23 Feb 2007 in a game against Tersana, and was side-lined for 8 weeks.
Abdelhamid retired in 2011 from El Ittihad El Skandary club.
Abdelhamid worked as a TV representer in AlAhly TV.
Abdelhamid worked as a coach in ENPPI, Arab contractors, Petrojet, Baladiyat El Mahalla and Ceramica Cleopatra.

## Honours

* Winner of Egyptian League (2006–2007).
* Winner of Egyptian Soccer Cup 2007.
* Winner of African Super Cup 2007.
* Winner of Egyptian Cup 2005.
# Dispersion stability

Dispersions are unstable from the thermodynamic point of view; however, they can be kinetically stable over a large period of time, which determines their shelf life. This time span needs to be measured in order to ensure the best product quality to the final consumer. “Dispersion stability refers to the ability of a dispersion to resist change in its properties over time.” D.J. McClements.

## Destabilization phenomena of a dispersion

These destabilizations can be classified into two major processes:
* Migration phenomena : whereby the difference in density between the continuous and dispersed phase, leads to gravitational phase separation:
** Creaming, when the dispersed phase is less dense than the continuous phase (e.g. milk, cosmetic cream, soft drinks, etc.)
** Sedimentation, when the dispersed phase is denser than the continuous phase (e.g. ink, CMP slurries, paint, etc.)
* Particle size increase phenomena: whereby the size of the dispersed phase (drops, particles, bubbles) increases
** reversibly (flocculation)
** irreversibly (aggregation, coalescence, Ostwald ripening)

## Technique monitoring physical stability

Multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning is one of many techniques monitor the dispersion state of a product, identifying and quantifying destabilization phenomena. It works on concentrated dispersions without dilution. When light is sent through the sample, it is backscattered by the particles / droplets. The backscattering intensity is directly proportional to the size and volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Therefore, local changes in concentration (creaming and sedimentation) and global changes in size (flocculation, coalescence) are detected and monitored.

## Accelerating methods for shelf-life prediction

The kinetic process of destabilization can be rather long (up to several months or even years for some products) and it is often required for the formulator to use further accelerating methods in order to reach reasonable development time for new product design. Thermal methods are the most commonly used and consist in increasing temperature to accelerate destabilization (below critical temperatures of phase inversion or chemical degradation). Temperature affects not only the viscosity, but also interfacial tension in the case of non-ionic surfactants or more generally interaction forces inside the system. Storing a dispersion at high temperatures may accelerate some instability processes.
Mechanical acceleration, including vibration, centrifugation, and agitation, can also be used.
# Eden Thottam

Eden Thottam (transl. Garden of Eden) is a 1980 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Chandrakumar and produced by M. Mani. The film stars Sukumari, Jayabharathi and M. G. Soman in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Shyam.

## Cast

* Sukumari as Usha's mother
* Jayabharathi as Shantha
* Sankaradi as Rappai
* Sreelatha Namboothiri as Maami Chettathi
* Ambika as Usha
* KPAC Sunny as Varghese
* M. G. Soman as Thomaskutty
* Mala Aravindan as Rajappan
* T. P. Madhavan as Thomaskutty's father

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Shyam and the lyrics were written by Sathyan Anthikkad.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Kinaavil Edanthottam" (F) | P. Susheela | Sathyan Anthikkad | |
| 2 | "Kinaavil Edanthottam" (M) | K. J. Yesudas | Sathyan Anthikkad | |
# Adolphus Frederick II

Adolphus Frederick II (German: Adolf Friedrich II; 19 October 1658 – 12 May 1708), Duke of Mecklenburg, was the first Duke of the Mecklenburg-Strelitz, reigning from 1701 until his death. Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a part of the Holy Roman Empire.

## Biography

He was born in Grabow as the posthumous son of Duke Adolf Frederick I of Mecklenburg and his second wife, Maria Katharina of Brunswick-Dannenberg (1616–1665).
In 1695, the Mecklenburg-Güstrow branch of the House of Mecklenburg became extinct and Adolphus Frederick's nephew, Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, laid claim to the inheritance, a move which Adolphus Frederick opposed.
The dispute was settled in 1701 by dividing Mecklenburg-Güstrow between the two claimants. Frederick William took the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Adolphus obtained the Principality of Ratzeburg and the Lordship of Stargard with the commanderies of Mirow and Nemerow, of which he formed the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Following his death in 1708, Adolphus Frederick was succeeded as Duke by his son, Adolphus Frederick III.

## Marriages and children

In 1684 Adolphus Frederick II married firstly to Marie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (19 July 1659 – 16 January 1701), daughter of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. They had five children:
* Adolphus Frederick III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitz, 7 June 1686 – Schwerin, 11 December 1752).
* Duchess Magdalena Amalia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitz, 25 April 1689 – Strelitz, 28 April 1689).
* Duchess Maria of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (born and died Strelitz, 7 August 1690).
* Duchess Eleonore Wilhelmina of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitz, 8 July 1691 – Strelitz, 9 July 1691).
* Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitz, 12 July 1694 – Schwerin, 13 April 1748) she married Christian Ludwig II, Duke of Mecklenburg.
On 20 June 1702, Adolphus Frederick II married secondly to Princess Johanna of Saxe-Gotha (1 October 1680 – 9 July 1704), a daughter of Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, and Magdalena Sybille of Saxe-Weissenfels, who was his half-niece. There were no children from this marriage.
On 10 June 1705 at Neustrelitz, Adolphus Frederick II married thirdly to Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (13 March 1681 – 1 November 1751), a daughter of Christian William I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and Countess Antonie Sybille of Barby-Mühlingen (1641–1684). They had two children:
* Duchess Sophia Christina Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitz, 12 October 1706 – Strelitz, 22 December 1708).
* Duke Charles I Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitz, 23 February 1708 – Mirow, 5 June 1752), Prince of Mirow.
Through his granddaughter Charlotte, Adolphus Frederick is the ancestor of every British monarch beginning with George IV, who ascended the throne of the United Kingdom in 1820.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Adolphus Frederick II :
# Issy Pollard

Isobel "Issy" Pollard (born 2 December 1975) is an English former footballer who played for the England women's national football team. She played for several clubs at FA Women's Premier League level and for Betsele IF in Sweden.

## Club career

Pollard played football at Old Town Primary School in Hebden Bridge. She was also an accomplished field hockey player, representing West Yorkshire Schools and Calderdale under-18s. After contacting the Women's Football Association (WFA) for a club, Pollard was put in touch with Yorkshire and Humberside League Bradford City, who she joined at youth level.
When the WFA formed a National League in 1991–92, Pollard wanted to play at the higher standard. She joined Bradford City's cross-town rivals Bronte, who had been admitted to the new Northern Division. Pollard's first goal for her new club was a 35-yard strike against Ipswich Town. Bronte narrowly beat Sheffield Wednesday to the title and took their place in an enlarged 10-team National Division for 1992–93.
Bronte's stalwart defender Clare Taylor left for Knowsley United in the close season and without her the team performed poorly in the top division. A violent altercation on the Bronte team bus saw Chantel Woodhead being throttled and Samantha Britton punching the assailant. The club were relegated and Pollard signed for Millwall Lionesses in the subsequent player exodus.
After brief spells in Sweden with Betsele IF and back at Bronte, Pollard was signed by Doncaster Belles in 1995. The transfer was agreed by outgoing manager Paul Edmunds prior to his departure, after Pollard attended a Doncaster Belles match as a guest of her former Bronte team-mate Chantel Woodhead. Pollard was the captain of the Leeds United team who reached the Women's FA Cup semi-final in 2000 and won promotion to the FA Women's Premier League National Division for the first time in 2001.

## International career

Pollard was called into the senior England women's national football team at 16 years old, on the recommendation of her Bronte team-mate Clare Taylor. She remained in the squad for UEFA Women's Euro 1995 qualifying when The Football Association had taken over the women's team, and was capped at senior level by Ted Copeland. After an "accomplished season" with Doncaster Belles she was recalled by England for their UEFA Women's Euro 1997 qualifying play-off defeat by Spain in September 1996.
She was allotted 96 when the FA announced their legacy numbers scheme to honour the 50th anniversary of England’s inaugural international.

## Personal life

Pollard later started a dog walking business in Hebden Bridge called "Rocket Dogz". In April 2021 she opened a raw dog food outlet.
# The Athens Messenger

The Athens Messenger is a daily newspaper published in Athens, Ohio, United States, serving Athens and the surrounding communities of Athens County.

## History

The Athens Messenger was established in 1848, and became a daily publication in 1904.
The newspaper was owned and published by Brown Publishing Company, which publishes more than fifteen daily newspapers and over sixty weekly newspapers. In 2007, it was sold to American Consolidated Media. American Consolidated Media owned more than 100 newspapers in 18 distinct regions of the United States. In 2014, Adams Publishing group acquired 34 papers, including the Messenger, from ACM.
# John Cunningham (rugby league)

John Cunningham (born 3 March 1952) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for England and Cumbria, and at club level for Roose ARL FC, Salford 'A', Barrow, Balmain Tigers, Hull Kingston Rovers, Workington Town, Cooma Stall ions (alongside Dane Carter), and Corporation Combine ARLFC (now Hindpool Tigers ARLFC of the North West Men's League) as a prop, second-row, or loose forward.

## Background

John Cunningham was born in Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire, England.

## Playing career
### International honours

John Cunningham won caps for England while at Barrow in 1975 against France, and Wales.

### County honours

John Cunningham represented Cumbria.

### BBC2 Floodlit Trophy Final appearances

John Cunningham played at prop in Hull Kingston Rovers' 26–11 victory over St. Helens in the 1977–78 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy Final at Craven Park, Hull on Tuesday 13 December 1977.

### Notable tour matches

John Cunningham made his début, and scored a try in Barrow's 10–14 defeat by New Zealand at Craven Park on Wednesday 4 November 1970.

### Club career

John Cunningham joined Barrow in July 1970, his last match for Barrow was against Huddersfield at Craven Park on Friday 14 March 1975, he was transferred from Barrow to Hull Kingston Rovers for £6,000 on 17 July 1975 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £64,780 in 2013), he suffered several knee injuries that limited his appearances for Hull Kingston Rovers, he was transferred from Hull Kingston Rovers to Workington Town for £18,000 in 1980 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £98,020 in 2013).

## Genealogical information

John Cunningham is married to Julie, and is the uncle of the rugby league footballers, Liam Harrison and Ben Harrison.

## Outside of rugby league

John Cunningham has been the landlord of; The Derby Hotel, 246–248 Dalton Road, Barrow-In-Furness; The Furness Hotel, 13 Bath St, Barrow-In-Furness which is now named Cunningham's after him; and The Old Bank, 107–109 Duke Street, Barrow-In-Furness.
# Malcolm Milward

Malcolm Milward (born 22 August 1948) is a former English cricketer. Milward was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.
Milward made a single appearance for Staffordshire in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship against Lincolnshire. In Staffordshires' first-innings, he was dismissed for a duck by Somachandra de Silva, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 2. With the ball, he took the wicket of Michael Hodson in Lincolnshires' first-innings for the cost of 9 runs from 4 overs, while he didn't bowl in their second-innings. He next played for Staffordshire in 1978, making his only List A appearance against Devon in the Gillette Cup. In this match, he didn't bat and bowled 12 wicket-less overs.
# Tim Slatter

Tim Slatter is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity and Featherstone Rovers, as a second-row.

## Playing career

Slatter made his début for Featherstone Rovers on Tuesday 1 February 1983, during his time at Featherstone Rovers he scored ten 3-point tries, and three 4-point tries.

### Challenge Cup Final appearances

Slatter played at second-row in Featherstone Rovers' 14-12 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1983 Challenge Cup Final during the 1982–83 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 7 May 1983, in front of a crowd of 84,969.
# Robert Cook (vegan)

Robert Cook (surname also spelled Cooke; 1646–1726), also known as Linen Cook was an Irish eccentric farmer and early veganism activist.

## Biography

Cook was a wealthy merchant and worked as a woollen manufacturer in Wexford. He was generous and only had poor married people and their children work for him. He corresponded with merchants in Holland for woollen cloths and earned a fortune. He fled to Ipswich during the troubles in the reign of James II. The parliament in Dublin on 7 May 1689 declared him to be attainted as a traitor if he failed to return to Ireland by 1 September. However, after William's victory at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690, the threat was dismissed. Cook resided in Ipswich and Bristol, from 1688 to 1692.
Cook returned to Ireland in the early 1690s and became a vegan. In 1697, author Roger Coke noted that Cook was "a more rigid Pythagorean than any (I think) of the ancients, for he will not drink any thing but water, nor eat any thing which has sensitive life." Cook lived on a farm in Cappoquin, County Waterford and was influenced by Pythagoras. He was a strict vegetarian (later termed vegan) who did not eat or wear anything of animal origin. He opposed the consumption of meat, dairy and eggs. Historian Charles Smith commented that Cook "for many years before he died, neither ate fish, flesh, milk, butter, &c. nor drank any kind of fermented liquor, nor wore woollen clothes, or any other produce of an animal, but linen."
Cook managed his farm by a "Phagorian Philosophy" and all the animals were white, including the horses. He refused to have any black cattle on his farm. He became known as "Linen Cook" because he wore only white linen clothes. He refused leather and wool as he objected to their animal origins. Cook identified as a Protestant. On one occasion when a fox was caught attacking his chickens, Cook prevented his servants from killing it. He gave the fox a lecture on the Fifth Commandment (Thou shalt not kill) and sent it on its way.
Cook married twice. His first wife was from Bristol and he had a pile of stones erected on a rock in the Bristol Channel, known as Cook's Folly. He had three sons and two daughters with his second wife, Cecilia.
Cook's diet consisted of pulses, corn, vegetables and water. In 1691, Cook published a paper in defence of the "Pythagorean" regime supported by verses from the Bible, refusing to eat any food which came from an animal. The ideas in his paper were criticized by the Athenian Society.
Cook died at Cappoquin Castle around 1726.