OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ladwa State

Ladwa State was a Sikh kingdom. It was one of the Cis-Sutlej states. The state is notable for being one of the few Sikh polities south of the Sutlej that actively sided with the Sikh Empire against the British.

## History
### Establishment and rule by Gurdit Singh

In the power-vacuum that formed in the aftermath of the fall of Sirhind and the downfall of the Marathas in the region due to the Third Battle of Panipat, the Sikhs were an ascending force in the area. In circa 1763, Gurdit Singh seized the localities of Ladwa and Shamgarh. Gurdit Singh would later wrest control of the territories of George Thomas. During the reign of Gurdit Singh, Ladwa State and its dependencies had an annual revenue of 204,700 rupees. Gurdit Singh of Ladwa joined forces with the other Sikh chiefs of the region, such as Sher Singh of Buria, Roy Singh of Jagadhri, Mehtab Singh of Thanesar, Jodh Singh of Kalsia, and Karam Singh Shahidi, to launch raids into British-controlled territory. In 1804, Colonel Burn routed the Sikh forces of Ladwa State and Thanesar State. In the following year in 1805, British forced marched upon the fortress of Karnal, capturing it from Gurdit Singh of Ladwa. Gurdit Singh of Ladwa and Bhanga Singh of Thanesar had supported the Marathas, thus the British took measures to punish them.

### Under Ajit Singh and annexation

Ajit Singh of Ladwa was of an anti-British disposition and had cordial relations with Ranjit Singh. The Sikh Empire's court chronicler, Sohan Lal Suri, mentions in his Umdat-ut-Tawarikh that Ajit Singh of Ladwa had made plans to visit Lahore in November. By 1845, the British grew increasingly irritated by Ajit Singh and placed him under surveillance at Sahranpur, declaring him a "rebel". The British charged Ajit Singh of Ladwa with corruption and mismanagement, suggesting that he should be removed. Ajit Singh escaped his confinement and teamed-up with Ranjodh Singh Majithia during the First Anglo-Sikh War, with both crossing the Sutlej at Phillaur with a force of 8,000 men and 70 guns. Their joint-force took control over Fatehgarh, Dharamkot, Gangarana, and Baddowal. Ladwa State was one of the only Cis-Sutlej states that actively sided with the Lahore State against the British during the First Anglo-Sikh War. The joint forces of the states of Ladwa and Lahore burnt a portion of the Ludhiana cantonment. In the aftermath, the British marched upon Karnal and annexed the polity in 1846. The reason the British annexed the state was due to pro-Lahore activities during the war.

## List of rulers

| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Reign | Ref. |
| 1. | Gurdit Singh | | 1763–? | |
| 2. | Ajit Singh | | ?–1846 | |
# Paige Hareb

Paige Frances Hareb (born 6 June 1990) is a professional surfer from Ōakura Beach, New Zealand. In December 2008 she became the first New Zealand woman to qualify for the ASP Women's World Tour.
She debuted on the ASP World Tour in December 2008 at the Billabong Pro in Hawaii where she won her second round heat, beating world no.2 Peru's Sofia Mulanovich. In the third round she was beaten by World Champion Stephanie Gilmore.
In her rookie year of the 2009 World Tour she reached the semi-finals of the Roxy Pro in Coolangatta, Australia before being beaten by eventual winner, Gilmore.
Hareb was 2009 Taranaki Sportsperson of the Year.
Hareb placed 3rd in the April 2012 Dow Agro Sciences Pro Tournament, in New Plymouth In 2022 Hareb picked up her first national title as part of a successful campaign for Taranaki surfers.

## Surfing Career Highlights

* 2022 Winner National Surfing Championships Open Women's
* 2013 2nd Paul Mitchel Supergirl Pro
* 2012 2nd Paul Mitchel Supergirl Pro
* 2012 3rd Dow Agro Sciences Pro Tournament
* 2012 2nd Swatch Girls Pro France
* 2012 10th ASP World Tour
* 2010 9th ASP World Tour
* 2009 8th ASP World Tour
# Entometa

Entometa is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855. All species are from Australia.

## Species

Based on Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms:
* Entometa fervens (Walker, 1855)
* Entometa guttularis (Walker, 1855)
* Entometa decorata (Walker, 1865)
* Entometa apicalis (Walker, 1855)
* Entometa guerinii (Le Guillou, 1841)
* Entometa chlorosacca Turner, 1924
# Alexander Schweitzer (politician)

Alexander Schweitzer (born 17 September 1973) is a German politician of the SPD. From 2021 to 10 July 2024, he served as Rhineland-Palatinate State Minister for Labour. On 10 July 2024, he formed the Schweitzer cabinet and currently serves as the 9th minister-president of Rhineland-Palatinate.
# White croaker

White croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) is a species of croaker occurring in the Eastern Pacific. White croakers have been taken from Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, but are not abundant north of San Francisco. White croakers swim in loose schools at or near the bottom of sandy areas. Sometimes they aggregate in the surf zone or in shallow bays and lagoons. Most of the time they are found in offshore areas at depths of 3 to 30 meters (10 to 100 ft). On rare occasions they are fairly abundant at depths as great as 200 meters (660 feet).
The white croaker is the only species of in the genus Genyonemus. A fossil relative, G. whistleri, is known from the Late Miocene-aged Puente Formation of the Los Angeles Basin. Other common names for the fish include Pasadena trout, tommy croaker, and little bass.

## Description

The body of the white croaker is elongate and somewhat compressed. The head is oblong and bluntly rounded, with a mouth that is somewhat underneath the head. The color is incandescent brownish to yellowish on the back becoming silvery below. The fins are yellow to white. The white croaker is one of five California croakers that have mouths located under their heads (subterminal). They can be distinguished from the California corbina and yellowfin croaker by the absence of a single fleshy projection, or barbel, at the tip of the lower jaw. The 12 to 15 spines in the first dorsal fin serve to distinguish white croakers from all the other croakers with sub-terminal mouths, since none of these has more than 11 spines in this fin.
White croakers eat a variety of fishes, squid, shrimp, octopus, worms, small crabs, clams and other items, either living or dead. While the ages of white croakers have not been determined conclusively, it is thought that some live as long as 15 or more years. Some spawn for the first time when they are between 2 and 3 years old. At this age they are only 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in) long and weigh less than 45 grams (0.099 pounds). Also have barbels on the lower lip. The largest recorded specimen was 41.4 cm (16.3 in), no weight recorded; however, a 36.8 cm (14.5 in) white croaker weighed 640 grams (1 lb 6½ oz).

## Fishing information

These fish can be caught on almost any kind of animal bait that is fished from piers or jetties in sandy or sandy mud areas. In fact, they are so easily hooked that most anglers consider them a nuisance of the worst sort. If a person desires to fish specifically for white croakers a tough, difficult-to-steal bait, such as squid, is recommended. When hooked, they put up little or no fight. Fishing and catching is good throughout the year.

## Cuisine

White croaker meat has been used as a co-ingredient in creating Crab stick.
# Adolphe (disambiguation)

Adolphe is a French novel by Benjamin Constant, published in 1816.
Adolphe may also refer to:
* Adolphe (given name), an alternative spelling of the given name Adolf
* Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1817–1905), monarch of Luxembourg
* Adolphe (film), a 2002 film based on the novel
* Adolphe (ship), a ship wrecked near the mouth of the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia in 1904
* Operation Adolphe, a French military operation of the First Indochina War

## People with the surname

* Bruce Adolphe (born 1955), American composer and music scholar
* Curron J. Adolphe, American politician
* Monique Adolphe (born 1932), French scientist
# Ichneutica lissoxyla

Ichneutica lissoxyla is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is found in the central and southern parts of the North Island and in most parts of the South Island. The species prefers snowgrass habitat in the alpine zone. I. lissoxyla is similar in appearance to I. paraxysta but can be distinguished as I. lissoxyla lack the black streaks on the forewings that can be found on the latter species and the male I. lissoxyla also has longer pectinations on antennae. The life history of this species is unknown as are the host species of its larvae. Adults are on the wing from January to April and are attracted to the light.

## Taxonomy

I. lissoxyla was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1911 from a specimen collected on the Mount Arthur tableland and obtained from George Hudson. Meyrick originally named the species Leucania lissoxyla. The holotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London. In 1988 J. S. Dugdale, in his catalogue of New Zealand Lepidoptera, placed this species within the Tmetolophota genus. In 2019 Robert Hoare undertook a major review of New Zealand Noctuidae species. During this review the genus Ichneutica was greatly expanded and the genus Tmetolophota was subsumed into that genus as a synonym. As a result of this review, this species is now known as Ichneutica lissoxyla.

## Description

Meyrick described this species as follows:
   ♂. 38 mm. Head light brown. Antennal shaft grey, becoming whitish towards base, pectinations a 4, b3, terminating bristles minute. Thorax clothed with hairs, pale ochreous, more brownish anteriorly. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-triangular, apex rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique; light brown; vein 1b, upper and lower margins of cell, and veins 2-4, 6-8, and apical third of vein 5 marked with lines of mixed blackish and whitish scales; faint streaks of pale-ochreous suffusion beneath cell and between veins 5 and 6 : cilia pale ochreous, tinged with brownish towards base, tips whitish. Hind wings grey; cilia whitish-ochreous, tips whitish.
I. lissoxyla is similar in appearance to I. paraxysta but lack some of the black streaks on the forewings and the male I. lissoxyla has longer pectinations on the antennae. The male of the species has a wingspan of between 33 and 37 mm and the female wingspan is between 31.5 and 39 mm.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand. This species is found in the central and southern parts of the North Island and in most districts of the South Island.

## Habitat

It is an alpine species which is common and widespread in good snowgrass in the alpine zone.

## Behaviour

The adults of this species are on the wing from January to April. Adults of this species are attracted to light.

## Life history and host species

The life history of this species is unknown as are the host species of its larvae.
# List of governors of North Western Province

The governor of the North Western Province of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: වයඹ පළාත් ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා Wayamba palāth āndukāravarayā) is responsible for the management of the North Western Provincial Council. Some of the office's key functions include exercising powers vested in the governor by the Provincial Council Act No. 42 of 1987 amended by Act No. 28 of 1990 and the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.

## Governors
### Parties

Independent  United National Party  Sri Lanka Freedom Party  Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna  Communist Party of Sri Lanka
| No. | Name | Party | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Dingiri Banda Wijetunga | United National Party | 1 June 1988 | 31 January 1989 |
| 2 | Montague Jayawickrama | United National Party | 1 February 1989 | 13 October 1993 |
| 3 | Karunasena Kodituwakku | United National Party | 13 October 1993 | 7 July 1994 |
| 4 | Anandatissa de Alwis | United National Party | 8 July 1994 | 12 January 1995 |
| 5 | Hector Arawwawala | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | 13 January 1995 | 3 January 1999 |
| 6 | Siripala Jayaweera | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | 3 January 1999 | 30 April 2004 |
| 7 | Dharmadasa Wanniarachchi | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | 30 April 2004 | 5 October 2007 |
| 8 | Tissa Balalla | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | 5 October 2007 | 23 January 2015 |
| 9 | Amara Piyaseeli Ratnayake | United National Party | 23 January 2015 | 11 April 2018 |
| 10 | K. C. Logeswaran | Independent | 12 April 2018 | 4 January 2019 |
| 10 | Peshala Jayarathne | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | 4 January 2019 | 21 November 2019 |
| 11 | A. J. M. Muzammil | Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna | 21 November 2019 | 31 August 2020 |
| 12 | Raja Collure | Communist Party of Sri Lanka | 31 August 2020 | 7 December 2021 |
| 13 | Wasantha Karannagoda | Independent | 9 December 2021 | 17 May 2023 |
| 14 | Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | 17 May 2023 | 1 May 2024 |
| 15 | Naseer Ahamed | Independent | 2 May 2024 | 23 September 2024 |
| 16 | Tissa Kumarasiri | Independent | 25 September 2024 | Incumbent |
# Nothin' but the Blues (Johnny Winter album)

Nothin' but the Blues is a 1977 album by guitarist and singer Johnny Winter.
On this album Winter moved away from the rock and blues blend of previous albums to a more blues-oriented album. It also saw a marked change in source of material, being almost exclusively written by Winter, apart from one song by Muddy Waters with whom Winter had recently collaborated and who featured on the album along with his band.
A statement in the album liner notes says, "I'd like to dedicate this album to all the people who enjoy my kind of blues and especially to Muddy Waters for giving me the inspiration to do it and for giving the world a lifetime of great blues. – Johnny Winter"

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings | |
| Rolling Stone | (Not rated) |
On AllMusic, William Ruhlmann said, "After a long period making rock records, Winter fronts the Muddy Waters band on the aptly titled Nothin' but the Blues.... Winter sounds happier than ever before on this Chicago blues workout."
Parallel Forces wrote, "Released in the wake of [the Muddy Waters album] Hard Again, Nothin' but the Blues has the distinction of being recorded with the same musicians. These two albums mark the return to grace of [Johnny Winter] in the world of blues that he had somewhat neglected in previous years, devoted more to rock."

## Track listing

All songs written by Johnny Winter, except "Walkin' thru the Park" by Muddy Waters.
* "Tired of Tryin'" - 3:40
* "TV Mama" - 3:11
* "Sweet Love and Evil Women" - 2:50
* "Everybody's Blues" - 5:03
* "Drinkin' Blues" - 3:40
* "Mad Blues" - 4:17
* "It Was Rainin'" - 5:53
* "Bladie Mae" - 3:30
* "Walkin' thru the Park" - 4:07

## Personnel

* Johnny Winter – vocals, electric guitar, metal body acoustic guitar, slide guitar, bass guitar, drums
* Muddy Waters – vocals
* James Cotton – harmonica
* Pinetop Perkins – piano
* Bob Margolin – electric guitar
* Charles Calmese – electric bass
* Willie "Big Eyes" Smith – drums
# Yours For Mine

Yours For Mine is an American hardcore band, mixing multiple genres of music including melodic metalcore, indie rock, post-hardcore, and Christian hardcore. They formed in Harrisonburg, Virginia and started making music in 2006, disbanded in the winter of 2009, but later reunited. The band released a studio album, Dear Children, in 2008 on Blood and Ink Records, and then released their follow-up album, Yours For Mine: How Dark the Night, thirteen years later in early 2021.

## Members
### Current members

* Chad Altenberger
* Joey Testa
* Benjamin Cooley
* Stephen Minnick
* Jonathan Woods

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Dear Children (January 1, 2008, Blood and Ink)
* Yours For Mine: How Dark the Night (March 19, 2021, Self-Released)
# Auxiliary field

In physics, and especially quantum field theory, an auxiliary field is one whose equations of motion admit a single solution. Therefore, the Lagrangian describing such a field $A$ contains an algebraic quadratic term and an arbitrary linear term, while it contains no kinetic terms (derivatives of the field):
    ${\mathcal {L}}_{\text{aux}}={\frac {1}{2}}(A,A)+(f(\varphi ),A).$
The equation of motion for $A$ is
    $A(\varphi )=-f(\varphi ),$
and the Lagrangian becomes
    ${\mathcal {L}}_{\text{aux}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}(f(\varphi ),f(\varphi )).$
Auxiliary fields generally do not propagate, and hence the content of any theory can remain unchanged in many circumstances by adding such fields by hand. If we have an initial Lagrangian ${\mathcal {L}}_{0}$ describing a field $\varphi$, then the Lagrangian describing both fields is
    ${\mathcal {L}}={\mathcal {L}}_{0}(\varphi )+{\mathcal {L}}_{\text{aux}}={\mathcal {L}}_{0}(\varphi )-{\frac {1}{2}}{\bigf(\varphi ),f(\varphi ){\big )}.$
Therefore, auxiliary fields can be employed to cancel quadratic terms in $\varphi$ in ${\mathcal {L}}_{0}$ and linearize the action ${\mathcal {S}}=\int {\mathcal {L}}\,d^{n}x$.
Examples of auxiliary fields are the complex scalar field F in a chiral superfield, the real scalar field D in a vector superfield, the scalar field B in BRST and the field in the Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation.
The quantum mechanical effect of adding an auxiliary field is the same as the classical, since the path integral over such a field is Gaussian. To wit:
    $\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }dA\,e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}A^{2}+Af}={\sqrt {2\pi }}e^{\frac {f^{2}}{2}}.$
# List of non-marine molluscs of Azerbaijan

The non-marine molluscs of Azerbaijan are a part of the molluscan fauna of Azerbaijan, which is part of the wildlife of Azerbaijan.

## Gastropods

Species of gastropoda commonly found in Azerbaijan include:
| Scientific Name | Taxonid | Conservation Status |
| Pyrgula ebersini | 189454 | DD |
| Pyrgula pulla | 189458 | DD |
| Turricaspia pullula | 189467 | DD |
| Turricaspia caspia | 189493 | LC |
| Pyrgula nossovi | 189508 | DD |
| Turricaspia trivialis | 189519 | DD |
| Pseudamnicola brusiniana | 189051 | LC |
| Pyrgula isseli | 189070 | DD |
| Turricaspia dagestanica | 189097 | DD |
| Turricaspia triton | 155871 | LC |
| Pyrgula rudis | 188922 | DD |
| Pyrgula kolesnikoviana | 189244 | DD |
| Turricaspia conus | 189262 | DD |
| Pyrgula sowinskyi | 189266 | DD |
| Turricaspia sajenkovae | 189280 | DD |
| Pyrgula abichi | 189305 | DD |
| Pyrgula cincta | 189385 | DD |
| Pyrgula behningi | 189386 | DD |
| Turricaspia variabilis | 155608 | LC |
| Turricaspia spasskii | 189404 | DD |
| Anisus kolesnikovi | 189408 | LC |
| Caspiohydrobia gemmata | 189439 | DD |

## Freshwater bivalves

Species of freshwater bivalves of Azerbaijan include:
# Senegalia gaumeri

Senegalia gaumeri is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae.

## Distribution

It is found only in Mexico.
# Umberto Napolitano

Umberto Napolitano (born 25 May 1947) is an Italian singer-songwriter and composer, mainly successful in the 1970s.

## Life and career

Born in Brescia, Napolitano started his career performing at the Nebbia Club in Milan. He first entered the music industry just as a composer, and had his breakout in 1966 writing for Carmen Villani the pacifist protest song "Mille chitarre contro la guerra".
For his professional career as a singer Napolitano initially adopted the mononym Umberto, and got his first success with the song "Gioventù", which was entered at the Un disco per l'estate festival and was chosen as the opening song of the popular RAI television game show Chissà chi lo sa?. He had a significant success in the second half of the 1970s, specializing in a light and romantic pop repertoire, and taking part to several editions of the Sanremo Music Festival. Artists who recorded his songs include Loredana Bertè, Rita Pavone, Caterina Caselli, Ricchi e Poveri, Nomadi, I Nuovi Angeli, Dori Ghezzi, Gilda Giuliani, Rosanna Fratello, Antoine. He also worked as a comics writer.

## Discography
### Album

* 1977 - Giro di "do" - Una canzone d'amore per ogni innamorato (Warner Bros. Records, T 56376)
* 1979 - Umberto Napolitano (Why Records, T 56611)
* 1981 - Noi due nella vita e nell'amore (Amiamoci, AM 4002)
* 1985 - Per le strade del mondo (Harmony, LPH 8050)
* 1987 - Dietro la collina (Pineapple Records, PNLP 2021)
* 1989 - Al mio caro pianeta terra... dieci piccole grandi storie (Iperspazio, PDLP 2289)
* 1991 - Riccioli (Dig-It, PL 12042)
* 1998 - Un'estate d'amore (D.V. More Record, CDDV 6201)
* 2016 - Il bruco (Dielle record)
# Never Say Die (1924 film)

Never Say Die is a 1924 American silent comedy film directed by George Crone and starring Douglas MacLean, Lillian Rich, and Helen Ferguson. The film is based on the play of the same name by American playwright William H. Post.

## Plot

Millionaire Jack Woodbury is given one month to live by his doctors and agrees to marry a penniless woman so she can inherit his fortune after his death.

## Cast

* Douglas MacLean as Jack Woodbury
* Lillian Rich as Violet Stevenson
* Helen Ferguson as La Cigale
* Hallam Cooley as Hector Walters
* Lucien Littlefield as Griggs
* Tom O'Brien as Gun Murray
* André Lanoy as Verchesi
* Wade Boteler as Dr. Fraser
* Eric Mayne as Dr. Galesby
* William Conklin as Dr. Gerhardt
* George Cooper as Gaston Gibbs

## Production

The film was shot at FBO Studios in Hollywood in March 1924.

## Release

Never Say Die was released in August 1924. It was distributed in Germany by Phoebus Film. Its Berlin premiere in Kurfürstendamm made headlines in German newspapers after theatregoers booed and caused a disturbance.
# Entometa apicalis

Entometa apicalis is a species of moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in Australia, including Tasmania.
* Detail
* Frontal view
* Egg
* Larva
* Frass
* Cocoon
* This article on a moth of the family Lasiocampidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 1905 Lincoln Tigers football team

The 1905 Lincoln Tigers football team represented Lincoln Institute—now known as Lincoln University—in Jefferson City, Missouri as an independent during the 1905 college football season. The Lincoln football team finished the season with a perfect record of 3–0, outscoring opponents 37 to 11 on the season. The game in Kansas City was played in the recently constructed Sportsman's Park. These grounds were previously home to the Kansas City Blue Stockings. The team was coached by Romeo West, secretary and librarian at Lincoln Institute.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| November 3 | 2:40 p.m. | Western University | Jefferson City, MO | W 15–5 |
| November 18 | | at University of Kansas colored team | Sportsman's ParkKansas City, MO | W 11–0 |
| November 30 | | at Chicago Maroons | St. Louis, MO | W 11–6 |
# Chipping Sodbury railway station

Chipping Sodbury railway station was a railway station on the South Wales Main Line serving the town of Chipping Sodbury in Gloucestershire.
The station opened on 1 July 1903, and closed to passengers on 3 April 1961, and to goods on 20 June 1966.