OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FIR

A fir is a type of evergreen coniferous tree.
Fir, FIR or F.I.R. may also refer to:

## Entertainment

* F.I.R., a Taiwanese pop music group
* F.I.R. (album)
* F. I. R. (1999 film), an Indian Malayalam-language action film
* F.I.R No. 339/07/06, a 2021 Indian Bengali-language crime thriller film
* FIR (2022 film), an Indian Tamil-language action thriller film
* F.I.R. (TV series), an Indian sitcom
* Falling in Reverse, an American rock band

## Science and technology

* Far infrared
* Finite impulse response, a type of filter in signal processing
* Free ideal ring
* Flight information region
* FiR 1, the first nuclear reactor in Finland
* Research Institute for Operations Management (German: Forschungsinstitut für Rationalisierung), in Germany

## Other uses

* Fir, an alternative spelling of Fier, a city in Albania
* Firan language (ISO 639-3 language code: fir)
* First information report, a police document in some countries
* Flats Industrial Railroad, a former US company
* International Federation of Resistance Fighters – Association of Anti-Fascists (French: FIR Fédération Internationale des Résistantes – Association des Antifascistes)
* Italian Rugby Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Rugby)
* USCGC Fir, 2 US Coast Guard ships
# Nicholas County Courthouse

The Nicholas County Courthouse in Summersville, West Virginia is a Neoclassical Revival building, designed in 1895 and not completed until 1898. The primary building material was locally quarried Lower Gilbert Sandstone. A jail was added in 1910. A further addition was designed by Levi J. Dean in 1940 and executed by the Works Progress Administration. The addition reflects Art Deco influences.
# Samuel Snowden

Samuel Snowden (c. 1765—1850) was an African-American abolitionist and pastor of the May Street Church, one of the first black Methodist churches in Boston, Massachusetts. Under Reverend Snowden's direction from 1818 to 1850, the May Street Church congregation supported the Underground Railroad; members included several prominent abolitionists, such as David Walker from North Carolina.

## Pastoral life

Snowden was born enslaved in a slave state, but later reached the free states and began his career as a pastor.
Before 1818, Reverend Snowden served as the pastor of the Chestnut Street Church in Portland, Maine. As the African-American community in the Bromfield Street Methodist Episcopal Church in Boston grew, they petitioned their bishop to establish a separate black Methodist church and to appoint Snowden as their pastor. While smaller than the prominent First African Baptist Church in Boston, they had some autonomy.
The bishop accepted their petition, and in 1818, he appointed Snowden as pastor of the newly established May Street Church. With Reverend Snowden at the helm, the May Street Church community grew too large for their facilities, and they built a new church nearby in 1824, the Revere Street Church. Snowden served as pastor until he died in 1850.

## Abolitionist activities

While pastor of the May Street and Revere Street churches, Snowden was deeply involved in abolitionism. David Walker, leading abolitionist and author of An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, was a member of the May Street Church. Snowden's "powerful personality and antislavery activism" is likely what attracted Walker to his church, and the men lived across the street from each other on the north side of Beacon Hill in the late 1820s.
The congregation supported the church as a stop on the Underground Railroad; Snowden and his family also aided people escaping slavery at their homes. Snowden and his daughters, Isabella and Holmes, welcomed freedom seekers into their houses and offered them shelter, food, and clothing. Additionally, Snowden worked closely with William Lloyd Garrison, donating money to abolitionism and allowing Garrison to use his church's facilities for events.
# Kikpan

Kikpan is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
# Kammerforst

Kammerforst (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis district of Thuringia, Germany.
# Świętojańska Street, Białystok

Świętojańska Street (Polish: Ulica Świętojańska) is a street located in the Centrum, Mickiewicza and Bojary districts of Bialystok. It runs from Katyński Square, through Mickiewicza and Branickiego Streets, to Warszawska Street.

## History

Świętojańska Street was laid out in the mid-18th century. Its name comes from the statue of Saint John of Nepomuk, which stood by the bridge over the Biała river. This street, or rather a road, along which there were no buildings, was lined with a row of linden and aspen trees. It connected Nowe Miasto (Warszawska) with the Solnica route leading towards Zabłudów (currently Mickiewicza Street), and then through Wojszki and Granne to Warsaw. Its perspective from the side of Nowe Miasto was closed by a chapel with the passion of the Lord Jesus, built in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the name Prudska (from the Russian word prud which stands for pond) was used to designate this street. In the second half of that century, textile factories began to be established near the river. At the turn of the 20th century, on the section between Warszawska and Mickiewicza streets, there were factories of Polak, Ram, Filipp, Suraski, Aleksander Kronenberg, Mordechaj Głaz, Jankiel Kotlar, Izaak Liwerant, Szymon Okoń, Szloma Słucki, Kalaman Winiar, Ajyzk Zilberberg and Samuel Pines. In the upper part of the street, leading to Zwierzyniec at the exit of Podleśna Street (then Zwierzynicka), there was a horse tram depot. In the interwar period, the character of this street changed with the construction of houses for the civil servants' colony and the establishment of nearby plantations. In 1940, the Soviet authorities changed the name of the street to Komintern. In 1942, the Germans called it Kantstrasse. In the years 1949–1990, it was called Marcelego Nowotki.

### Notable buildings

* 15 Świętojańska - Becker's Factory. Today used as a shopping mall.
* 17 Świętojańska - Alfons Karny Museum of Sculpture.
# Taleju Temple, Kathmandu

Taleju Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Taleju Bhawani, the royal goddess of the Malla dynasty of Nepal. It was built in 1564 by Mahendra Malla and is located in Hanuman Dhoka, Kathmandu Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Inside the temple, there is a shire dedicated to Taleju Bhawani, and Kumari Devi. Taleju Temple is only opened once a year on the occasion of Dashain.

## Gallery

* Taleju Temple after 2015 earthquake
* Taleju Temple viewed from the entrance
# National Unity Front

The National Unity Front (Spanish: Frente de Unidad Nacional) is a political party in Bolivia. It was founded in late 2003 by Samuel Jorge Doria Medina Auza, who had broken with the Revolutionary Left Movement earlier that year. It has 36 members of the Chamber of Deputies in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. Despite its substantial share of the urban vote, and 16 former mayors, it does not control any city halls or governorships. The party is closely identified with Doria Medina's cement company Sociedad Boliviana de Cemento (Soboce).
In describing itself, National Unity emphasizes pro-development economic policies and support for democratic governance. Its mission statement calls for "a democratic Bolivia with solidarity, in full development, respectful of human rights, conscious of its diversity, and forging its own destiny". In founding the party, cement magnate Doria Medina called for policies to favor "those entrepreneurs who generate employment and are absent from national decisionmaking". The party seeks to position itself as a moderate third force in Bolivian politics. Its electoral base is the urban middle class.
At the legislative elections in 2005, the party won 7.8% of the popular vote and 8 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and one out of 27 seats in the Senate. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Doria Medina, won 7.8% of the popular vote. In the 2009 elections, Medina ran again and won 5.65% of the vote. The party won three seats in the Chamber of Deputies but none in the Senate. As of 2013, Bolivia's Supreme Electoral Tribunal certified a list of 69,844 members, although the party claims to have 120,000 on its rolls.
In the 2010 regional elections, UN formed alliances with Popular Consensus in Cochabamba and Chuquisaca departments (All for Cochabamba (TPC) and We Are All Chuquisaca, respectively), becoming the largest opposition grouping. Running independently, it was the third-largest party in La Paz and Oruro departments. At the municipal level, the party did not win any mayors' races, after gaining control of 16 in 2004. It obtained municipal council representation in La Paz, El Alto, Cochabamba (where candidate Arturo Murillo narrowly failed to win the mayorship but TPC won five of the eleven seats equaling the governing party's share), and Oruro. In El Alto, Soledad Chapetón was narrowly defeated by MAS-IPSP candidate Edgar Patana, while the party won 3 of 11 council seats. As of 2013, Chapetón is the vice president of the party.
In the 2014 general election, the presidential candidate was its party leader Medina, who in this election was the second-most voted with 24.23% and the party won 9 senators and 36 deputies, becoming the main opposition party to Evo Morales' government. In March 2017 National Unity Front was accepted as a member in the Socialist International.
# WRAD-FM

WRAD-FM (101.7 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Radford, Virginia, serving Pulaski and Montgomery Counties in Virginia. It simulcasts a talk radio format with co-owned WRAD at 1460 kHz. Programming is also heard on FM translator 103.5 W278AJ in Blacksburg, Virginia.
WRAD-AM-FM are owned by Monticello Media LLC. The studios and offices are on Lee Highway in Radford. WRAD-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 5,800 watts. The transmitter is on Lee Highway (U.S. Route 11) in Fairlawn, Virginia, near the New River.

## Programming

Much of the weekday schedule on WRAD-AM-FM is nationally syndicated. Hosts include Brian Kilmeade, Charlie Kirk, Sean Hannity, Dave Ramsey and Red Eye Radio. Weekends feature shows on money, health, real estate, and technology. Weekend hosts include Kim Komando, as well as repeats of weekday shows. Most hours begin with an update from Fox News Radio.

## History

The station signed on the air in 1965. At first, it was a simulcast of WRAD (1460 AM), which had begun in 1950. Over the years, the FM station tried several different formats, with new call signs: WRIQ, WNRV-FM, WBXW, WWBU. In 2018, it returned to its original call letters, WRAD-FM, as it began simulcasting a talk radio format with its AM sister station.
WRAD-AM-FM had been owned and operated by Cumulus Media, Inc. On September 6, 2018, Cumulus Media announced it would sell its Blacksburg cluster to Monticello Media. The sale was approved December 1, 2018.
# Zhuxi Glacier

Zhuxi Glacier (Chinese: 朱西冰川; Tibetan: འབྲུག་གཤིས་གངས་རི, Druk Shig Gangri), is situated in Bomê County, Tibet Autonomous Region. This 12.7 km-long maritime glacier descends from 6,120 m to 2,750 m elevation within the Gangrigabu Range. Characterized by a 1.2 km-wide accumulation zone receiving >3,500 mm annual snowfall, it feeds the Yigong Tsangpo River through three terminal moraine lakes.

## Geography

Ecologically, Zhuxi sustains rare species like the black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) and Tibetan argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni), with 28 endemic alpine plants identified in its foreland. Its ice core records trace climate patterns to the Little Ice Age (1350-1850 CE). Culturally revered by the Monpa people, the glacier hosts an annual Kora pilgrimage during the Tibetan Water Bird Festival. Local monasteries preserve 17th-century thangkas depicting the glacier as "White Tara's Tears." Designated a Class-A Protected Glacial Zone in 2022, access requires permits from Tibet's Ecology Department.
# AYR (brand)

AYR (All Year Round, pronounced “air”) is an online apparel brand known for denim and minimalist womenswear and menswear basics founded in 2014 by Maggie Winter, Max Bonbrest and Jac Cameron./>. Its headquarters and studio are in Nolita.
Its founders have work experience at J. Crew, Theory, Madewell, and H&M. AYR began as a DTC brand incubated within Bonobos before Bonobos was acquired by Walmart. Bonobos maintains a minority stake. Its Series A funding was led by Dutch, LLC, which owns brands including Joie, Equipment, and Current/Elliot.
Its first physical retail store was on Lafayette Street in Soho, New York. Its second store was opened on Abbot Kinney Blvd in Venice, Los Angeles. The brand is carried through Shopbop.
# Narakathara

Narakathara is a village in Kuttanad on the boat route between Kottayam and Alappuzha.
Earlier accessible only via the water, there is now significant road penetration in this area. The primary occupation of most people in this area is agriculture on lush paddy fields.
Even though it is a backwater region the place is well connected by roads and lakes.
The temple in Narakathara 'Kannakott Temple ' has a major shrine for Sree Bhadrakali and Lord's Shiva with other Hindu lords.
In Narakathara there is a government school, primary health centre, post office and cooperative society (run by the native people).
# Nicholas Schoenenberger House and Barn

The Nicholas Schoenenberger House and Barn is a historic residence located south of Winterset, Iowa, United States. Nicholas and Louisa (Tinnis) Schoenenberger were both natives of what is now Germany and acquired the title to this farm in 1856. He worked the land until the late nineteenth century, and died here in 1902. Since his death the house has been vacant for long periods of time. This house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. The two-story gable structure is composed of locally quarried finished cut stone on the public facades, the quoins, and the jambs. Rubble stone is used on the other elevations. It also features dressed lintels and window sills. Because it is located on a south facing hillside, the house has a split-level appearance. Because it shares characteristics with other stone houses built in Madison County by local stonemason Caleb Clark, he may have been responsible for its construction. The lower level of the English-style barn is composed of coursed limestone rubble, and the upper level is composed of board-and-batten siding. It is located in a German-style hill setting. The house and barn were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Julia Hamburg

Julia Willie Hamburg (born 26 June 1986) is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens, serving as the Deputy Minister-President of Lower Saxony and the State Minister for Education and Culture. Before that she served as the leader of the party's group in the State Parliament of Lower Saxony.

## Early life and education

Born and educated in Hanover, Hamburg studied political science, German philology and philosophy at the University of Göttingen. She finished her studies without a degree.

## Political career

Hamburg joined the Greens in 2007 and a year later became speaker of the youth wing of the party in the state of Lower Saxony. In 2011 she became deputy head of the party in the state. In the January 2013 election, she was elected to the state Landtag as its youngest member, and the following month was elected as joint state party head with Jan Haude [de]. She withdrew from the party position a year later with pregnancy-related health problems; she resumed her seat in the Landtag in July 2014. In March 2020 she was chosen to head her party's delegation in the Landtag, becoming leader of the opposition.

### Career in state government

In January 2022, the Greens declared Hamburg and Christian Meyer their lead candidates for the state election in October 2022. A misspelling of the state's name on her election posters attracted publicity. After a gain of seats in the election, the Greens formed a government in coalition with the Social Democrats.
As one of the state's representatives at the Bundesrat, Hamburg serves on the Committee on Education. She is also a member of the German-Polish Friendship Group set up in cooperation with the Senate of Poland.

## Other activities

* Volkswagen, Ex-Officio Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2022)
* FC St. Pauli, Member

## Personal life

Hamburg lives in Hanover with her partner; they have two children.
# Tarzia

Tarzia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Vincent Tarzia (born 1968), Australian politician
* Antonio Tarzia [it] (born 1940), Italian journalist
* Diego Tarzia [it] (born 2003), Argentine footballer
# Nicholas Switzer House

Nicholas Switzer House, also known as The Old Stone House and "Switzerland," is a historic home located near Wardensville, Hardy County, West Virginia. The house was built in 1788, and is a two-story I-house with a lower-level and attic constructed of uncoursed fieldstone. It sits on a stone foundation and has a side-gable, standing seam metal roof. The rear elevation features a two-story porch built about 1880. The Switzer family were Swiss German immigrants.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
# Al Shirawi Enterprises Group

Al Shirawi Enterprises group is part of the Al Shirawi Group headquartered in Dubai, a UAE based conglomerate founded in 1971 by Abdullah Al Shirawi and Mohan Valrani.
They operate across sectors including construction, real estate, energy, and logistics. Established in the late 20th century, the group has become a significant player in the regional economy, contributing to infrastructure development and trade.

## History

Al Shirawi Enterprises LLC was established in 1979 and became the distributor of Scania trucks and buses for Dubai and the Northern Emirates in 1981. The company also operates in the heavy truck sector.
In 1994, Al Shirawi Enterprises started distribution of Scania Industrial and Marine Engines. The business grew in 1993, opening the first Scania Training Centre outside of Europe in Dubai, and began distributing Scania Marine and Industrial Engines. Al Shirawi had established the lead in the heavy-duty truck industry in Dubai and the Northern Emirates by 1994.
Al Shirawi Enterprises and Titan Aviation have forged a strategic alliance for the deployment of electric cars and electric refueling.
In January 2024, Al Shirawi Machinery entered into a partnership with HD Hyundai Construction Equipment.

## Subsidiaries
### Al Shirawi Industries

Al Shirawi Industries, established in 2006, is a company based in the United Arab Emirates that operates in the infrastructure and temperature-sensitive equipment sectors. The company has divisions:
* Road Making Machinery: Equipments aimed at enhancing construction efficiency and supporting the development of road infrastructure.
* Transport Refrigeration: Provides temperature control systems for the safety of items in transportation during transit.

### Al Shirawi Trading

Al Shirawi Trading Company LLC provides engineering materials in the construction and petrochemical industries. It formed a collaboration with HD Hyundai XiteSolution.
# Taroudant

Taroudant (Arabic: تارودانت, romanized: Tarudant,) is a city in the Sous in southwestern Morocco. It is situated east of Agadir on the road to Ouarzazate and south of Marrakesh. Today, it is a small market town and a tourist destination.

## History

The Almoravids occupied the town in 1056. In the mid-15th century the Banu Zaydan, the family who later founded the Saadi dynasty, established themselves near Taroudant in a settlement called Tidsi, which served briefly as the base of the dynasty's first leader, al-Qa'im, until 1513. According to Moroccan news media, the current layout of the city walls dates to the Saadi period in the 16th century.
In the 17th century, Taroudant was the base of Sidi Yahya, a local chieftain who successfully aided the Saadi sultan Moulay Zaydan against Abu Mahalli, a rebel who had captured Marrakesh.
The city underwent economic decline after the port of Agadir was closed to commerce in 1760. In the late 19th century, Sultan Hassan I established more secure control of the city. At the beginning of the 20th century it resisted government control again until qa'id Tayyeb al-Goundafi restored order in 1903. When France began to impose its protectorate on Morocco in 1912, Ahmed al-Hiba used Taroudant as his capital to resist the French. The French only established control over it in 1917.
Historically, there was a Jewish community in Taroudant, believed to have been established in the 11th century. Jews made up 10% of the city's population, and mainly engaged in the caravan trade. Moses ben Maimon Albas was a prominent Jewish Kabbalist from Taroudant.

## Climate

On 11 August 2023, a maximum temperature of 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) was registered.

## Economy

Today, Taroudant is a notable market town with a souk near each of its two main squares, Assarag and Talmoklate. There is also a weekly souk outside the city walls, near the future university district.

## Landmarks

The medina (historic quarter) of Taroudant is classified as a national cultural heritage monument of Morocco. Its historic city walls are around 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) or 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long and are set with bastions and punctuated by nine gates that are still in use.

## Notable people

* Sana Akroud (born 1980), actress, filmmaker, screenwriter, film producer
* Moses ben Maimon Albas (16th century), kabbalist
* Ahmed Soultan, singer
# Mauro Cristofani

Mauro Cristofani (1941 in Rome, Italy – 1997) was a linguist and researcher in Etruscan studies.

## Biography

Cristofani was a student of Massimo Pallottino and would himself teach at the University of Pisa, University of Siena and, his final post, at the University of Naples Federico II. He was a member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and was held in high regard as Pallottino's scholarly heir. During his thirty-year career, he dominated the fields of Etruscan archaeology and, especially, epigraphy. He directed the Istituto per l'Archeologia Etrusco-Italica of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and was president of the Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici in Florence.
His fieldwork included investigations at Volterra, Populonia, and Cerveteri. In Italy, the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche established the “Centro per l'archeologia etrusco-italica” in 1978, under the direction of Massimo Pallottino. In 1982, Cristofani (a student of Pallottino) became the director of the Center, which in 1990 became the Institute for Etruscan-Italic Archaeology.
In 2001 Cristofani's career was honoured by the presentation of 3 volumes that compiled articles he published between 1966 and 1997 under the title Scripta Selecta: trenta anni di studi archeologici sull'Italia preromana, edited by Antonio Giuliano, Salvatore Settis, and Fausto Zevi.
# Nicholas Tate Perkins House

The Nicholas Tate Perkins House is a property in Franklin, Tennessee, United States, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The property is also known as Two Rivers. It was built or has other significance as of c.1820. It includes Central passage plan and other architecture. When listed the property included two contributing buildings and one non-contributing structure, on an area of 3.4 acres (1.4 ha). The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.