OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Góra

Góra is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in western Poland. It is the administrative seat both of Góra County and of the smaller district (gmina) called Gmina Góra.

## Geography

The town is located within the historic Lower Silesia region, approximately 69 km (43 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław. As at 2019, it has a population of 11,797.

## History

The area became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. Following the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, it initially formed part of Greater Poland before it passed to Silesia. The settlement was first mentioned as Gora in an 1155 deed by Pope Adrian IV conveying the property to the Diocese of Wrocław. The name of the town means "hill" or "mountain" in Polish. In 1256 the bishop of Wrocław Tomasz I gave the village to the Polish knight Gosław. In 1288 it became part of the Duchy of Głogów and was granted Magdeburg town rights by the Piast duke Henry III. In 1300, Henry III sold the local mint to the city council of Góra. Henry III, as well as the succeeding dukes Henry IV the Faithful and Konrad I granted new privileges to the town in 1306 and 1310. Particularly, in 1310, 33 neighboring villages were assigned to the town to create an administrative district called Weichbild. From the 14th century onwards, the town developed to a centre of cloth manufacturing, specific privileges were granted to the clothiers of Góra in 1304. The Germanized name Guhrau is first documented in 1336. In 1343, an annual fair was established. Also from that year comes the first mention of the existence of a parish school in Góra. The town remained under the rule of the Polish houses of Piast and Jagiellon as part of the duchies of Głogów, Ścinawa and Cieszyn until the 16th century.
The town Guhrau was annexed by Prussia upon the First Silesian War in 1742 and from 1816 was the administrative seat of Landkreis Guhrau within the Province of Silesia, which from 1871 to 1945 was also part of Germany. In World War II it was occupied by the Red Army during the 1945 Vistula–Oder Offensive. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the town became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the 1980s, while the remaining German population was expelled. The historic name Góra was restored and the town was repopulated by Poles, expelled from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. Again a county seat from 1946, from 1975 to 1998 Góra belonged to Leszno Voivodeship. In 1999 Góra's town limits were expanded by including the settlement of Sędziwojowice as its eastern district.

## Notable people

* Benno Erdmann (1851–1921), German philosopher
* Augustin Rösler (1851–1922), German theologian
* Wilhelm Klemm (1896–1985), German scientist
* Werner Naumann (1909–1982), German Nazi Secretary of State
* Paweł Tuchlin (1946-1987), Polish serial killer known as “Scorpion”
* Izabella Sierakowska (1946–2021), Polish politician
* Radosław Kałużny (born 1974), Polish football player

## Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Góra.
# William B. Trembley

William Beattie Trembley (April 21, 1877 – January 13, 1952) was a private in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine–American War. He was later commissioned as a first lieutenant in World War I.
Trembley later served as the postmaster of Kansas City, Kansas, from 1921 to 1935.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 20th Kansas Volunteer Infantry. Place and date: At Calumpit, Luzon, Philippine Islands, 27 April 1899. Entered service at: Kansas City, Kansas. Birth: Johnson, Kansas. Date of issue: 11 March 1902.
Citation:
   Swam the Rio Grande de Pampanga in face of the enemy's fire and fastened a rope to the occupied trenches, thereby enabling the crossing of the river and the driving of the enemy from his fortified position.
# The Wesleyan Argus

The Wesleyan Argus is the student newspaper of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, United States. Established in 1868, The Argus is the nation’s longest-running twice-weekly college newspaper, and is published every Tuesday and Friday throughout the school year. Each issue of The Argus includes the news, features, arts and culture, opinion, and sports sections, while Tuesday issues also include articles from the satirical Ampersand section.

## History

The Argus was founded in 1868 and has been published bi-weekly since. The Argus does not run in exam periods and has paused publication during wartimes and the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Argus is named after Argus Panoptes, a many-eyed giant in Greek mythology.
In 1975, The Argus ran its first advertisement for a campus queer group.
In 2015, The Argus made headlines after a student wrote an opinion piece questioning the tactics of members of the Black Lives Matter movement. In response to student outrage, the President of the Wesleyan Student Assembly called for The Argus to be defunded. However, school leaders defended the right of students to freely write in The Argus and funding was never cut.

## Notable alumni

* David Brancaccio, host of the public radio business program Marketplace Morning Report
* Ethan Bronner, senior editor at Bloomberg News
* Alan Miller, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
* Randall Pinkston, reporter for Al Jazeera America
* Stephen Talbot, documentary producer for Frontline
* John Yang, special correspondent for the PBS NewsHour
# Nuria Calvet

Núria Pilar Calvet Cuni (born 1950) is a Venezuelan astronomer who studies star formation and the evolution of protoplanetary disks around young stars. She is Helen Dodson Prince Collegiate Professor of Astronomy at the University of Michigan. She was the first woman to work as a professional astronomer in Venezuela. Nuria Calvet studies the first stages of the life of stars and of the planets around them.

## Education and career

Calvet was born in Caracas in 1950. After study at the Central University of Venezuela, she earned a bachelor's degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1973. She continued her studies at the University of California, Berkeley, earning a master's degree in 1975 and completing her Ph.D. in 1981. Her dissertation was Model atmospheres for T Tauri stars.
She worked for the Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia in Venezuela from 1981 to 1997, becoming vice president of the center. Next, she became an astronomer at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. She moved to her present position at the University of Michigan in 2005.

## Recognition

Calvet was a 1979 recipient of the Dorothea Klumpke Roberts Prize, of the Department of Astronomy at the University of California, Berkley, for outstanding achievement in early scientific research career as a graduate student.
Calvet was a 1987 recipient of the Lorenzo Mendoza Fleury Science Prize, the highest level private-sector science award of Venezuela. She was the first woman to receive this award.
# Tom Paris (tennis)

Tom Paris (born 2 September 2002) is a French tennis player. He has a career high singles ranking of 454 achieved on 10 February 2025. He also has a career high doubles ranking of 1123 achieved on 16 October 2023

## Early life

Paris was immersed in tennis from a young age with his first coach being his father Christophe Paris, a former tennis player who played at regional level, being the head of the Pontcharra-sur-Turdine tennis club. Paris is a member of Charbonnières-les-Bains Tennis Club. As a youngster he trained at a tennis centre in Poitiers which has alumni including Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Gilles Simon and Nicolas Escudé.

## Career
### 2023: Maiden ITF title

In October 2023, Paris won his first ITF title defeating top seed Dan Added in the semifinal and defeating Alexey Vatutin in the final in Sarreguemines, France.

### 2024: ATP Tour debut

Paris received a wild card for his ATP Tour debut into the doubles at the 2024 ATP Lyon Open, alongside Tristan Lamasine.

## Performance timeline

| Tournament | 2025 | SR | W–L | Win% |
| Grand Slam tournaments |||||
| Australian Open | A | 0 / 0 | 0–0 | – |
| French Open | | 0 / 0 | 0–0 | – |
| Wimbledon | | 0 / 0 | 0–0 | – |
| US Open | | 0 / 0 | 0–0 | – |
| Win–loss | 0–0 | 0 / 0 | 0–0 | – |

## Challenger and ITF World Tennis Tour finals
### Singles: 5 (4–1)

* Legend (singles)
* ATP Challenger Tour (0–0)
* ITF World Tennis Tour (4–1)
* Finals by surface
* Hard (2–1)
* Clay (0–0)
* Grass (0–0)
* Carpet (2–0)
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Oct 2023 | M25 Rodez, France | World Tour | Hard | Alexis Gautier | 6–7$^{(9–11)}$, 1–6 |
| Win | 1–1 | Oct 2023 | M25 Sarreguemines, France | World Tour | Carpet | Alexey Vatutin | 6–2, 6–1 |
| Win | 2–1 | Nov 2024 | M15 Szabolcsveresmart, Hungary | World Tour | Hard | Olle Wallin | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Win | 3–1 | Nov 2024 | M15 Alcala de Henares, Spain | World Tour | Hard | Pierluigi Basile | 6–3, 7–5 |
| Win | 4–1 | Jan 2025 | M25 Nussloch, Germany | World Tour | Carpet | Oleg Prihodko | 6–4, 6–4 |
# Jadaan Tarjam Al-Shammari

Jadaan Tarjam Al-Shammari (born 1952) is a Qatari sports shooter. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Dan Pepicelli

Daniel James Pepicelli (born May 18, 1967) is an American baseball coach and former outfielder, who is the current head baseball coach of the Cornell Big Red. He played college baseball at Mohawk Valley Community College, Cortland and Oneonta from 1986 to 1990. He served as the head coach of the Hartwick Hawks (1999–2000) and St. John Fisher Cardinals (2001–2009).

## Coaching career

Pepicelli lead St. John Fisher College for 9 years, compiling a 200–136–1 record.
On October 5, 2009, Pepicelli left St. John Fisher so join the coaching staff of the Clemson Tigers baseball team.
On August 6, 2015, Pepicelli was named the head coach of the Cornell Big Red baseball program.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| Hartwick Hawks (Empire 8) (1999–2000) ||||||
| 1999 | Hartwick | | | | |
| 2000 | Hartwick | | | | |
| Hartwick: | Hartwick: | 0–0 | | | |
| St. John Fisher Cardinals (Empire 8) (2001–2009) ||||||
| 2001 | St. John Fisher | 19–14 | | | |
| 2002 | St. John Fisher | 15–19 | | | |
| 2003 | St. John Fisher | 16–16 | 4–4 | T-2nd | |
| 2004 | St. John Fisher | 27–14 | 4–4 | 3rd | |
| 2005 | St. John Fisher | 22–15 | 5–3 | T-2nd | |
| 2006 | St. John Fisher | 26–15 | 9–7 | 3rd | |
| 2007 | St. John Fisher | 28–13 | 7–5 | T-2nd | |
| 2008 | St. John Fisher | 25–14–1 | 9–7 | 3rd | |
| 2009 | St. John Fisher | 22–17 | 8–8 | 3rd | |
| St. John Fisher: | St. John Fisher: | 200–137–1 (.593) | 46–38 (.548) | | |
| Cornell Big Red (Ivy League) (2016–present) ||||||
| 2016 | Cornell | 14–24 | 7–13 | 4th (Lou Gehrig) | |
| 2017 | Cornell | 21–17 | 9–11 | 3rd (Lou Gehrig) | |
| 2018 | Cornell | 14–22–1 | 9–12 | 6th | |
| 2019 | Cornell | 14–24 | 8–13 | T-7th | |
| 2020 | Cornell | 1–8 | 0–0 | | Season canceled due to COVID-19 |
| 2021 | Cornell | 0–0 | 0–0 | | Ivy League opted-out of the season |
| 2022 | Cornell | 11–25 | 5–16 | 7th | |
| 2023 | Cornell | 9–26 | 8–13 | 7th | |
| 2024 | Cornell | 17–21 | 13–10 | 3rd | Ivy League Tournament |
| 2025 | Cornell | 1–1 | 0–0 | | |
| Cornell: | Cornell: | 102–168–1 (.378) | 59–88 (.401) | | |
| Total: | Total: | 295–297–2 (.498) | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Vesele, Zaporizhzhia Oblast

Vesele (Ukrainian: Веселе) is a rural settlement in Melitopol Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, southern Ukraine. It was formerly the administrative center of Vesele Raion until the raion was abolished in 2020. It has a population of 9,340 (2022 estimate).

## History

Vesele was founded in 1815. The earliest settlers were mostly fugitive serfs escaping from oppression elsewhere in the Russian Empire.
In 1923, after Vesele was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union, it was designated the administrative center of Vesele Raion. During World War II, Vesele was occupied by the forces of Nazi Germany from 18 September 1941 to 26 October 1943. In 1957, Vesele received urban-type settlement status.
On 26 January 2024, a new law entered into force in Ukraine which abolished the status of urban-type settlement, so all urban-type settlements - including Vesele - were automatically converted to rural settlements.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, its population was 11,096, with a population that self-identified their ethnic backgrounds predominantly as Ukrainians and Russians.
# Richard Egarr

Richard Egarr (born 7 August 1963) is a British conductor and keyboard player.

## Biography

Born in Lincoln, Egarr received his early musical training as a choirboy at York Minster and at Chetham's School of Music. He was an organ scholar of Clare College, Cambridge and studied at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Study with Gustav Leonhardt further inspired his work in the field of historically informed performance.
Egarr is widely known as a specialist in the baroque repertoire, but has performed repertoire over a wide historical era, from fifteenth-century organ intabulations to Dussek and Chopin on early pianos, to Berg and Maxwell Davies on modern piano. He has recorded commercially several albums of solo keyboard music for such labels as Harmonia Mundi, as well as chamber repertoire for such labels as Hyperion.
In 2006, Egarr became music director of the Academy of Ancient Music (AAM). With the AAM, Egarr has made commercial recordings for such labels as Harmonia Mundi, and the AAM's own label. He concluded his tenure as AAM music director at the close of the 2020-2021 season.
Egarr made his Glyndebourne debut in 2007 with a staged version of Bach's St Matthew Passion.
In 2012, Egarr first guest-conducted the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra (PBO). Following two additional guest appearances with the PBO, the PBO announced, in January 2019, the appointment of Egarr as its next music director, with an initial contract of 5 years. The original intention was for Egarr to serve as PBO music director-designate for the 2020-2021 season, and then to take the title of music director with the 2021-2022 season. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the PBO reconfigured its 2020-2021 season into a virtual season, and announced the advent of Egarr as its music director effective 1 July 2020, one season earlier than originally planned. In June 2023, the PBO announced that Egarr is to conclude his tenure as its music director at the close of the 2023-2024 season.
Egarr and his family reside in Amsterdam. In Amsterdam, Egarr has served as director of the Academy of the Begijnhof. Since 2019, he is Principal Guest Conductor of the Residentie Orchestra in The Hague. In 2021, he conducted a concert in the Naumburg Orchestral Concerts, in the Naumburg Bandshell, Central Park, in the summer series.
# Stephaton

Stephaton, or Steven, is the name given in medieval Christian traditions to the Roman soldier or bystander, unnamed in the Bible, who offered Jesus a sponge soaked in vinegar wine at the Crucifixion. In later depictions of the Crucifixion, Stephaton is frequently portrayed with Longinus, the soldier who pierced Jesus' side with a spear.
It is not to be confused with a Xylospongium, a sponge that is soaked in vinegar attached to a stick the Romans used after defecating.

## Gospel accounts

The account of Jesus receiving a sponge soaked in vinegar while on the cross appears in all four of the canonical gospels, with some variation. In both Mark 15:35–36 and Matthew 27:47–48, just after Jesus says "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me", a bystander soaks a sponge in vinegar and raises it on a reed for Jesus to drink. Luke 23:36–37 mentions that the attendant soldiers offer Jesus vinegar while mocking him – moving the mocking motif that occurs earlier in Mark and Matthew to the Crucifixion. In John 19:28–30, Jesus declares "I thirst" (one of his last words) and is given the vinegar-soaked sponge "on hyssop".
The significance of the act is unclear, though it is usually interpreted as an act of mercy on the part of the soldiers (William Chester Jordan suggests that the word used for vinegar (oxos) may have been slang for wine). Others have theorised it may have been posca, a mixture of water, vinegar and wine consumed by common soldiers and the lower classes in the Roman world. The episode may also allude to Psalm 69:21: "In my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink."

## Medieval interpretation

Many medieval Christian writers saw the offering of vinegar wine as an act of torture rather than mercy. A tradition, supported by St. Augustine and other Church Fathers, developed that the sponge-bearer was a Jew.

## In art

The soldier who offered Jesus the sponge is often paired with Longinus, the name later given to the unnamed soldier who pierced Christ's side with a spear during the Crucifixion. It is not known when or how the name "Stephaton" originated for this character, though it had become common well before the end of the first millennium.
In an iconographic tradition originating in Byzantine art, and continuing in Carolingian and Ottonian art, in depictions of the Crucifixion, he was regularly shown alongside Longinus, with their actions shown simultaneously, though in the Biblical narrative, these took place at different times (Stephaton's occurs before Jesus' death, Longinus' occurred after.) This is also seen in Irish art Colum Hourihane and others suggest the images should not be read as a simple narrative, but rather a mix of symbolism and representation typical of medieval art.
Medieval Christian artists indicated that the sponge-bearer was irredeemably wicked (unlike Longinus), through conventions like showing him on Jesus' left-hand side, without a halo, and/or with some kind of physical deformity.
# The Winchester Star

The Winchester Star is a daily newspaper (Monday-Friday) based in Winchester, Virginia covering the Shenandoah Valley area.

## History

On March 6, 2018, it was announced that The Winchester Star, along with the other Byrd family newspapers, were to be sold to Ogden Newspapers. Members of the Byrd family had been the sole owners of The Winchester Star since 1897.
# Paramount Network (Netherlands)

Paramount Network is a Dutch free-to-cable television channel in the Netherlands, based on the American rebranded Paramount Network. The television channels launched as Spike on 1 October 2015. It was the third Spike channel next to the US and UK version of the channel. The television channel aimed at an audience of mainly men. Initially it only broadcast daily between 21:00 and 2:30, time-sharing with Nickelodeon. As of 12 December 2016 the channel is broadcasting 24 hours a day in the Netherlands. Until 6 January 2021, the channel was also available in Flanders. On 24 May 2022, the channel was renamed by Paramount Network.

## History

On 18 August 2015, Viacom announced that Spike would launch in the Netherlands and Flanders on 1 October 2015. It started broadcasting at night and broadcasts from 21:00 to 2:30 on Nickelodeon, replacing TeenNick in its time slot. This brings the American Spike channel for the first time in the Netherlands and Belgium.
On 12 December 2016 Spike launched as a 24-hours channel on Ziggo in the Netherlands, followed by KPN, Telfort, XS4ALL, Caiway and T-Mobile Thuis 3 months later. Nickelodeon became a 24-hours channel again. On some platforms in the Netherlands, and in Flanders Spike kept time-sharing daily between 21:05 and 5:00 with Nickelodeon, which is 2.5 hours longer than before 12 December 2016.
On 18 January 2018, the American channel Spike was rebranded as Paramount Network by Viacom Media Networks to closely associate with the Paramount Pictures movie studio. Later followed by 5Spike in the UK. The Dutch channel has been renamed by Paramount Network on 24 May 2022.
In December 2020 it was announced that Spike would stop broadcasting in Flanders on 6 January 2021. Since that day, Nickelodeon is broadcasting 24 hours a day in Flanders.

## Programming
### Local shows

* Gamekings (Netherlands & Flanders)
* Ink Master: Meester van de lage landen
* Nieky The Natural - Knokt Door (Netherlands) (Realityshow featuring Nieky Holzken)
* Tattoo Disasters (Netherlands)

### Imports

* The Amazing Race
* Bar Rescue
* Bellator MMA
* Coaching Bad
* Face Off
* Framework
* Frankenfood
* Ghost Adventures
* Glory
* Glory Superfight Series
* Gym Rescue
* Hungry Investors
* Ink Master
* Ink Master Redemption
* Kingdom
* Knife Fight
* Lip Sync Battle
* The Magicians
* Spartan Ultimate Team Challenge
* Steve Austin's Broken Skull Challenge
* Tattoo Disasters UK
* Top Gear
* Wynonna Earp
# A6 motorway (Cyprus)

The A6 highway (locally referred to as the Limassol – Paphos highway, marked the ending of an ambitious government project to link all the main cities on the island with modern four-lane, high-speed highways. It is 66 km long and is free of any at-grade intersections. It links Limassol, the largest port (and second largest city) on the island, and Paphos, the top tourist destination on the island. It was completed in 2006 when the Polemidia and Troodos junction upgrade was completed.
The motorway passes through the Western Sovereign Base Area and this section features two two-lane 950 m tunnels (one in each direction), the only public road tunnels on the island.
The motorway also has a 110-metre-tall (360 ft), 550-metre-long (1,800 ft) bridge, in the Petra Tou Romiou area. Some minor improvements have been made since completion, and many more are being planned. A new highway, A7, is planned to link Paphos and Polis, a small municipality 33 km north. The A7 highway will be connected to the A6 hardly 5 km outside Paphos entrance.
# Moosa

Moosa is both a surname and a given name. It is the Arabic name for Moses (see also Moses in Islam). Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Mohammed Valli Moosa (born 1957), South African politician
* Ahmed Shafeeq Ibrahim Moosa (born 1968), Maldivian scientist and politician
* Naushad Moosa (born 1971), Indian footballer
* Riaad Moosa (born 1977), South African comedian and actor
* Rahima Moosa (1922–1993), South African activist
* Zane Moosa (born 1968), South African footballer
Given name:
* Moosa Ghazi (1938–2003), Pakistani footballer
* Moosa AbdulRahman Hassan (died 1987), Omani businessman
* Moosa Ali Jaleel (born 1960), Maldivian military officer
* Moosa Bin Shamsher (born 1945), Bangladeshi businessman
* Moosa Manik (born 1963), Maldivian footballer and manager
* Moosa Moolla (1934–2023), South African activist and diplomat
* Moosa Raza (born 1937), Indian civil servant
* Moosa Yaamin (born 1992), Maldivian footballer
* Anthony "Moosa" Tiffith Jr., president of Top Dawg Entertainment