# Kotlin-class destroyer

Kotlin-class destroyers were Cold War era ships built for the Soviet Navy. The Russian name for this class was Project 56 Spokoiny (Спокойный, "tranquil"). 27 ships were built between 1955 and 1958; they were all decommissioned in the late 1980s. The Kildin class is based on the design of the Kotlins. The Chinese Luda class which is based on the Soviet Neustrashimy class, also borrows some design concepts from the Kotlin class.

## Design

This design was a smaller version of the Neustrashimy-class destroyer which was seen as being too large and expensive for economic series production, as well as too slow. Detailed design changes eliminated some of the problems seen during trials of Neustrashimy. A production run of 100 ships was planned but this was curtailed because of the advent of the guided missile. 32 were ordered, but four ships were completed as the Kildin class (Project 56E/EM). The last vessel was canceled.
11 ships (Project 56PLO, "Kotlin Mod.") were modified for enhanced ASW capabilities by adding rocket depth charge launchers.
In 1962, the Soviet Navy installed the navalized version of the S-125 Neva, the SA-N-1 'Goa', to a surface-to-air missile Kotlin-class destroyer, Bravy (also spelled Bravyy/Bravyi) for testing. The system used the 4K90 (V-600) missile that could engage targets at distances from 4–15 km (0–10 mi) and altitudes of 100–10,000 m (300–32,800 ft). Fire control and guidance was provided by 4R90 Yatagan radar. The system could track only one target at a time. The missiles were loaded on the dual-arm ZIF-101 launcher, with under-deck magazine storage for 16 more.
The Soviet Navy would eventually retrofit seven Kotlin-class ships to carry SAMs; these ships were known to NATO as the Kotlin SAM class (Project 56A). One more was modified and sold to Poland (Project 56AE, being the only Project 56 destroyer exported). Later versions of the SAM system, such as the Volna-M (SA-N-1B), the Volna-P, and Volna-N provided greater missile range and capability.

## Ships

| Ship | Russian | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Modernisation | Decommissioned |
| Spokoiny | Спокойный - "Peaceful" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 28 November 1953 | 27 June 1956 | none | 19 April 1990 |
| Svetly | Светлый - "Bright" (or "Light") | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 27 October 1953 | 17 September 1955 | none | 25 April 1989 |
| Speshny | Спешный - "Rapid" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 7 August 1954 | 30 September 1955 | none | 25 April 1989 |
| Skromny | Скромный - "Modest" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 26 October 1954 | 30 December 1955 | SAM (56A) | 25 April 1989 |
| Svedushchy | Сведущий - "Knowledgeable" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 17 February 1955 | 31 January 1956 | SAM (56A) | 8 April 1992 |
| Smyshleny | Смышленый - "Sharp (quickwitted)" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 24 May 1955 | 28 June 1956 | ASW (56PLO) | 22 June 1986 |
| Skrytny | Скрытный - "Secretive" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 27 September 1955 | 30 September 1956 | none | 25 April 1989 |
| Soznatelny | Сознательный - "Aware" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 15 January 1956 | 31 October 1956 | SAM (56A) | 1 March 1988 |
| Spravedlivy | Справедливый - "Just" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 12 April 1956 | 20 December 1956 | SAM (56AE) | Transferred to the Polish navy as ORP Warszawa in 1970 |
| Nesokrushimy | Несокрушимый - "Indestructible" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 20 July 1956 | 30 June 1957 | SAM (56A) | 27 July 1991 |
| Nakhodchivy | Находчивый - "Resourceful" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 30 October 1956 | 18 December 1957 | SAM (56A) | 25 April 1989 |
| Nastoychivy | Настойчивый - "Persistent" | Zhdanov, Leningrad | 23 April 1957 | 30 November 1958 | SAM (56A) | 25 April 1989 |
| Byvalvy | Бывалый - "Experienced" | Nikolayev | 31 March 1954 | 21 December 1955 | ASW (56PLO) | 17 July 1988 |
| Bravy | Бравый - "Brave" | Nikolayev | 25 July 1953 | 9 January 1956 | SAM (56K) | 30 July 1987 |
| Bessledny | Бесследный - "Untraceable" | Nikolayev | 1 April 1954 | 31 October 1956 | ASW (56PLO) | 8 April 1988 |
| Burlivy | Бурливый - "Turbulent" or "Tempestuous" | Nikolayev | 5 May 1954 | 28 December 1956 | ASW (56PLO) | 25 May 1989 |
| Blagorodny | Благородный - "Noble" | Nikolayev | 5 March 1955 | 18 July 1957 | ASW (56PLO) | 25 April 1989 |
| Blestyashchy | Блестящий - "Brilliant" | Nikolayev | 20 February 1953 | 30 September 1955 | ASW (56PLO) | 30 July 1987 |
| Plamenny | Пламенный - "Fiery" or "Ardent" | Nikolayev | 3 September 1955 | 31 August 1957 | ASW (56PLO) | 24 June 1991 |
| Naporisty | Напористый - "Forceful" | Nikolayev | 17 August 1955 | 31 October 1957 | ASW (56PLO) | 30 July 1987 |
| Vyzyvayushchy | Вызывающий - "Challenging" | Komsomolsk-na-Amure | 25 July 1953 | 31 March 1956 | ASW (56PLO) | 25 April 1989 |
| Vesky | Веский - "Convincing" | Komsomolsk-na-Amure | 30 January 1954 | 30 March 1956 | none | 30 July 1987 |
| Vdokhnovenny | Вдохновенный - "Inspiring" | Komsomolsk-na-Amure | 31 August 1954 | 30 October 1956 | ASW (56PLO) | 5 March 1987 |
| Vozmuscheny | Возмущенный - "Indignant" | Komsomolsk-na-Amure | 30 December 1954 | 31 December 1956 | ASW (56PLO) | 5 March 1987 |
| Vozbuzhdeny | Возбужденный - "Excited" | Komsomolsk-na-Amure | 29 July 1955 | 31 October 1957 | SAM (56A) | 25 April 1989 |
| Vliyatelny | Влиятельный - "Influential" | Komsomolsk-na-Amure | 29 October 1955 | 6 November 1957 | none | 17 July 1988 |
| Vyderzhanny | Выдержанный - "Consistent" | Komsomolsk-na-Amure | 24 June 1957 | 10 December 1957 | none | 24 April 1992 |
* Bravy - was the Kotlin SAM prototype
The ships were scrapped between 1987 and 1990.