# Wonthaggi railway line

The Wonthaggi railway line is a closed railway line located in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Its primary purpose was to serve the State Coal Mine but the line also provided passenger and general goods services. The line was opened in 1910 and closed in 1978.

## Background

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Victorian Railways depended on black coal to fire its steam locomotives. Although black coal deposits around Korumburra in South Gippsland had been exploited since 1891, the seams were narrow, the costs of production were relatively high and, in 1900, their production accounted for just a quarter of Victoria's consumption.
It was cheaper for VR to purchase coal from Newcastle, New South Wales, but a protracted miners' dispute in 1909 threatened the NSW supplies and led to an even stronger commitment by the Murray Government to securing local supplies. With the Korumburra mines unable to meet the Victorian Railways' demand for 1000 tons of coal a day, a promising seam on the Powlett River, which had been tested in 1908, was rapidly exploited, with the government opening the mine for commercial purposes in 1909. Although the first coal shipments were taken to Melbourne by sea from Inverloch, a railway was rapidly constructed to serve the new mine.

## Construction

Originally known as the "Powlett River railway", the Wonthaggi line was built extremely rapidly. A 15+1⁄2-mile (25 km) branch line from Nyora to Woolamai had already been approved, branching from the South Gippsland line (the Great Southern Railway) just east of Nyora railway station, but work had not started. In December 1909, a 14+1⁄2-mile (23 km) extension of the branch from Woolamai to the Powlett River coalfield was given parliamentary sanction.
The line carried its first coal in February 1910, with Baldwin-built 4-6-0 locomotive W 227 given the honour of hauling the first train from the Powlett coalfield. As well as passenger and general goods stations to service the rapidly growing town of Wonthaggi, connections were provided to the State Mine (on the up side of Wonthaggi) and to later additional mine extensions at Dudley and Kirrak.

## Traffic

The mine's production grew rapidly and at its peak in 1926 produced 2,435 long tons (2,474 t) per day, with Victorian Railways buying 90% of production.
By 1928, twelve return passenger services also ran on the line per week, with a journey time from Flinders Street station to Wonthaggi taking approximately four hours.
The introduction of diesel rail motors in the 1950s saw a reduction in journey times for passenger services on the line to around three hours by 1954, but service frequency was now eleven return passenger services operating per week.

## Decline and closure

The conversion of Victorian Railways from steam to diesel-electric power during the 1950s and 1960s reduced demand for black coal and in 1968 the mine closed. Passenger services from Nyora to Wonthaggi were withdrawn on 4 December 1977 with the last train being a 153hp Walker railmotor. By this time the general decline of Victorian branch line network saw services being withdrawn from a number of lines, and the Wonthaggi line closed on 21 November 1978 when a final goods train returned to Melbourne with staff equipment from stations along the line.
The track was dismantled in 1988 and the southern section from Woolamai to Wonthaggi has been developed as the Bass Coast Rail Trail.

## Station histories

| Station | Opened | Closed | Age | Notes |
| Nyora | 11 November 1890 || 15 December 1994 || data-sort-value=38,019 | 104 years | |
| Nyora | 15 December 1994 || 16 January 2016 || data-sort-value=7,702 | 21 years | Tourist service |
| Woodleigh | 9 May 1910 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=25,033 | 68 years | Opened as Hunter |
| Kernot | 9 May 1910 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=25,033 | 68 years | During construction known as Almurta. Opened as McKenzie |
| Almurta | 13 September 1910 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=24,906 | 68 years | During construction known as Rees |
| Glen Forbes | 9 May 1910 || 11 January 1966 || data-sort-value=20,336 | 55 years | Opened as Kernot |
| Woolamai | 9 May 1910 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=25,033 | 68 years | |
| Woolamai Quarry Company Siding | 12 August 1910 || 8 August 1911 || data-sort-value=361 | 11 months | |
| Anderson | 9 May 1910 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=25,033 | 68 years | During construction known as Andersons Corner |
| Outtrim Howitt Coal Co. Siding | ? | ? | ? | Formerly Co-operative Colliery Co. Siding |
| Mitchell's Siding | 9 May 1910 || 23 May 1957 || data-sort-value=17,181 | 47 years | |
| Kilcunda | 4 December 1924 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=19,710 | 53 years | Opened as Picnic Platform |
| Kilcunda Goods Siding | 9 May 1910 || 10 March 1954 || data-sort-value=16,011 | 43 years | Opened as Kilcunda, then just Kilcunda Siding |
| Dalyston | 9 May 1910 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=25,033 | 68 years | |
| Dudley Area | 26 December 1910 || 4 May 1925 || data-sort-value=5,243 | 14 years | Was originally Powlett and North Woolamai Colliery Company Sidings |
| Dudley Area | 14 April 1925 | ? | ? | Reopened as Dudley Area |
| State Mine | 16 March 1910 || July 1971 || data-sort-value=22,411 | 61 years | Opened as Powlett Coalfield |
| Wonthaggi | 9 May 1910 || 21 November 1978 || data-sort-value=25,033 | 68 years | |
| Eastern Area | 4 August 1919 || 4 November 1952 || data-sort-value=12,146 | 33 years | Formerly Garden Blocks |
| Kirrak | 4 September 1939 || 26 October 1976 || data-sort-value=13,567 | 37 years | |