OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sossamon v. Texas

Sossamon v. Texas, 563 U.S. 277 (2011), was a United States Supreme Court case on the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), and sovereign immunity. The majority decision, written by Justice Clarence Thomas, held that the petitioner could not sue Texas state officials in their official capacity for damages under the RLUIPA, affirming a lower court ruling. The majority reasoned that the officials could not be sued under the RLUIPA because it was passed under the United States Congress’s Spending Power, not its Fourteenth Amendment Power.

## Background

The petitioner, Harvey Leroy Sossamon, III, was an inmate at the maximum security French M. Robertson Unit. In 2006, he sued the state of Texas and prison officials, in both their individual and official capacities, under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA). Sossamon alleged that they were breaking the act by preventing him and other inmates from attending religious services if under disciplinary restrictions and disallowing use of the prison's chapel for religious worship under its policies.

### Lower courts

The Texas federal district court dismissed his claim for monetary damages, and Sossamon appealed. When the case reached the Fifth Circuit, it ruled that Sossamon could not sue the officials in an individual capacity under the act because its authorization for "appropriate relief" was not specific enough to override the official's sovereign immunity.
# Anne Stine Ingstad

Anne Stine Ingstad (11 February 1918 – 6 November 1997) was a Norwegian archaeologist who, along with her husband explorer Helge Ingstad, discovered the remains of a Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1960.

## Biography

Anne Stine Moe was born and raised in Lillehammer, in Oppland county, Norway. Her parents were attorney Eilif Moe (1889–1954) and Louise Augusta Bauck Lindeman (1886–1966). Ingstad was the sister of Norwegian art historian and pianist, Ole Henrik Moe (1920–2013). She married Helge Ingstad in 1941, after which she became his scientific collaborator.
She studied archaeology at the University of Oslo in the 1950s. She took a master's degree in Nordic archeology in 1960. From 1960 to 1961, she was curator at the Norwegian Forestry Museum at Elverum.
Between 1961 and 1968, Helge Ingstad and Anne Stine Ingstad conducted research resulting in the discoverery of settlement traces at L'Anse aux Meadows on the island of Newfoundland. They led an excavation of the settlement with an international team of archaeologists from Sweden, Iceland, Canada, U.S. and Norway. The excavation revealed the remains of an early 11th century Norse settlement. These remains included sod houses, a forge, cooking pits and boathouses. The settlement is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a National Historic Site of Canada.
* Monument to Helge Ingstad and Anne Stine
* L'Anse aux Meadows Historical Site
* Norse silhouette sculpture
* Meeting of Two Worlds sculpture
After she had become a state research fellow in 1977, Anne Stine Ingstad took up a new field of research, the processing of the textile finds from the Kaupang and Oseberg excavation sites. Following her research, together with archaeologists Bjørn Myhre and Arne Emil Christensen jr. [no], she wrote the book Osebergdronningens grav (1992).

## Honors

* In 1969, Anne Stine Ingstad was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Memorial University of Newfoundland.
* The Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad Building on the St. John's Campus of the Memorial University of Newfoundland is named after her and her husband.
* In 1992, she was also awarded an Honorary Doctorate at the University of Bergen.
* She was a commander of the Order of St. Olav and was made a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science from 1990.
* She appeared with her husband in the 1984 National Film Board of Canada documentary The Vinland Mystery.

## Personal life

Anne Stine Ingstad died in November 1997 at the age of 79, leaving behind her 98-year-old husband Helge and their daughter Benedicte Ingstad, professor of medical anthropology at the University of Oslo.
# Hubei Provincial People's Congress

The Hubei Provincial People's Congress is the local people's congress of Hubei, a province of China. The Congress is elected for a term of five years. The Hubei Provincial People's Congress meetings are held at least once a year. After a proposal by more than one-fifth of the deputies, a meeting of the people's congress at the corresponding level may be convened temporarily.

## History

The Hubei Provincial People's Congress held its first session from 9 to 15 August 1954. During the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1977, the Hubei Provincial People's Congress ceased to function. The Standing Committee of the Hubei Provincial People's Congress was launched in January 1980.$^{:288}$

## Organization
### Chairpersons of the Standing Committee

| Name | Took office | Left office |
| Chen Pixian | January 1980 | April 1983 |
| Han Ningfu | April 1983 | May 1986 |
| Huang Zhizhen | 16 May 1986 | April 1993 |
| Guan Guangfu | May 1993 | February 2002 |
| Yu Zhengsheng | February 2002 | January 2003 |
| Yang Yongliang | January 2003 | January 2008 |
| Luo Qingquan | January 2008 | February 2011 |
| Li Hongzhong | February 2011 | January 2017 |
| Jiang Chaoliang | January 2017 | March 2020 |
| Ying Yong | June 2020 | January 2023 |
| Wang Menghui | January 2023 | January 2025 |
| Wang Zhonglin | January 2025 | Incumbent |
# Alamkod, Edappal

Alamcode , also Alamkod, is a village in Malappuram district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

At the 2001 India census, Alamcode had a population of 30,118 with 14,364 males and 15,754 females. Alamcode panchayat is situated near the border of Trissur, Malappuram and Palakkad. The Changaramkulam police station is located in Alamcode panchayat.

## Transportation

Alamkod village connects to other parts of India through National Highway 66 at Kuttippuram and the northern stretch connects to Goa and Mumbai. The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum. National Highway 966 connects to Palakkad and Coimbatore. The nearest airport is at Kozhikode. The nearest major railway station is at Kuttippuram.
# Damai

Damai (Nepali: दमाइँ pronounced; IAST: Damāĩ) is an occupational caste found among Khas people comprising 45 subgroups. Their surnames take after the subgroup they belong to. People belonging to this caste are traditionally tailors and musicians capable of using the naumati baja - an ensemble of nine traditional musical instruments. The term Damai is coined from the musical instrument Damaha. The 1854 Nepalese Muluki Ain (Legal Code) categorized Damai as "Lower caste” category.
The Government of Nepal abolished the caste-system and criminalized any caste-based discrimination, including "untouchability" in 1963. The country, previously ruled by a Hindu monarchy was a Hindu nation which has now become a secular state. It was declared a republic in 2008, thereby ending it as the Hindu kingdom with its caste-based discriminations and the untouchability roots.
According to the 2021 Nepal census, Damai make up 1.94% of Nepal's population (or 565,932 people). Damai are categorized under "Hill Dalit" among the 9 broad social groups, along with Kami, Badi, Sarki and Gaine by the Government of Nepal.

## Geographical distribution

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, the frequency of Damai by province was as follows:
* Karnali Province (4.0%)
* Gandaki Province (3.9%)
* Sudurpashchim Province (2.6%)
* Lumbini Province (1.9%)
* Koshi Province (1.8%)
* Bagmati Province (1.4%)
* Madhesh Province (0.2%)
The frequency of Damai was higher than national average (1.8%) in the following districts:
* Parbat (7.5%)
* Myagdi (5.8%)
* Kalikot (5.1%)
* Dailekh (5.0%)
* Baglung (4.7%)
* Doti (4.6%)
* Surkhet (4.6%)
* Mustang (4.4%)
* Bajura (4.2%)
* Jajarkot (4.0%)
* Lamjung (3.9%)
* Dadeldhura (3.8%)
* Gulmi (3.7%)
* Kaski (3.7%)
* Syangja (3.7%)
* Western Rukum (3.7%)
* Rolpa (3.6%)
* Humla (3.5%)
* Tanahun (3.4%)
* Okhaldhunga (3.3%)
* Arghakhanchi (3.2%)
* Eastern Rukum (3.2%)
* Mugu (3.2%)
* Pyuthan (3.2%)
* Achham (3.1%)
* Sindhuli (3.1%)
* Tehrathum (3.1%)
* Gorkha (3.0%)
* Salyan (3.0%)
* Udayapur (2.8%)
* Dang (2.7%)
* Khotang (2.7%)
* Bhojpur (2.6%)
* Dhading (2.5%)
* Jumla (2.5%)
* Nawalpur (2.5%)
* Kanchanpur (2.3%)
* Ramechhap (2.3%)
* Dolakha (2.2%)
* Kailali (2.2%)
* Panchthar (2.2%)
* Sankhuwasabha (2.2%)
* Baitadi (2.1%)
* Chitwan (2.1%)
* Dhankuta (2.1%)
* Jhapa (1.9%)
* Palpa (1.9%)
* Sindhupalchowk (1.9%)
# Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPS) is a utility company headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The company serves more than 450,000 electric customers and more than 333,000 natural gas customers in 27 counties in eastern, northeastern northern, and central Wisconsin, and a small portion of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

## History

WPS began in 1883 as the Oshkosh Gas Light Company. It was incorporated as Wisconsin Public Service in 1922. And it was first listed on the New York and Midwest stock exchanges in 1953. In 1994, WPS became a subsidiary of WPS Resources Corporation, an energy holding company. In February 2007, WPS Resources Corporation became Integrys Energy Group. A detailed history of the company can be found at https://accel.wisconsinpublicservice.com/company/history.aspx.
WPS owns two coal, and one natural gas power generation plants. It also owns 15 hydroelectric power plants on the Wisconsin, Tomahawk, Peshtigo and Menominee rivers, and a wind farm in northeastern Iowa. The Weston Power Plant is a coal-fired power plant rated at 981 megawatts and is located near Wausau, Wisconsin. The Weston 4 unit was built in 2008 and is considered to be one of the cleanest coal-fired power plants in the country. The J. P. Pulliam Generating Station was a 375 MW coal-fired generating plant located near downtown Green Bay that was shuttered in 2018. The Fox Energy Center is the company's most recent acquisition (2012). It is a natural gas–fired power plant, has a capacity of nearly 500 megawatts and is located near Kaukauna, Wisconsin.
The company's transmission voltages are 69,000 volts, 115,000 volts, 138,000 volts and 345,000 volts. WPS also has a few sub-transmission lines operating at 46,000 volts. The 115 kV and 46 kV lines are mostly used in the western part of Wisconsin Public Service's service area in the Wausau, Rhinelander and Stevens Point. WPS mostly uses 24,900/14,400 volts as its distribution voltage, however, 12,470/7,200 volts systems can be found in a few rural areas. WPS is interconnected on the power grid to Minnesota Power in Duluth, Minnesota via the Arrowhead-Weston 345,000 volt line and to Xcel Energy via the Arpin-Rocky Run 345,000-volt line.
# Boris Piotrovsky

Boris Borisovich Piotrovsky, also Piotrovskii (Russian: Бори́с Бори́сович Пиотро́вский; February 14 [O.S. February 1] 1908 – October 15, 1990) was a Soviet Russian academician, historian-orientalist and archaeologist who studied the ancient civilizations of Urartu, Scythia, and Nubia. He is best known as a key figure in the study of the Urartian civilization of the southern Caucasus. From 1964 until his death, Piotrovsky was also Director of the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg).

## Biography

Piotrovsky was born in Saint Petersburg in 1908. He specialized in the history and archaeology of the Caucasus region and beginning in the 1930s, he began to acquaint himself with Urartian civilization. He was the head of 1939 excavations that uncovered the Urartian fortress of Teishebaini in Armenia (known in Armenian as Karmir Blur, or Red Hill). Evidence found there has been key in understanding the Urartian civilization. Piotrovsky lead further excavations in Armenia in the ancient settlements of Tsovinar, Redkig-lager, Kirovakan (now Vanadzor) and Aygevan until 1971.
These were not Piotrovsky's sole contributions in the archaeological field, however. Piotrovsky worked elsewhere in the Caucasus, especially on the Scythian culture. In 1961, he was placed at the head of an expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union to study Nubian monuments in Egypt. He also spent 26 years as Director of the Hermitage Museum, which has been run by his son Mikhail thereafter. He was also the supervisor of the renowned Armenian archaeologist Gregory Areshian. The Hermitage holds an annual conference in his honor. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Leningrad in 1990 at the age of 82.
He was married to Hripsime Djanpoladjian, who was an archaeologist and epigrapher.

## Works

In his lifetime, he published more than 200 works in the fields of archaeology, history and art. One of Piotrovsky's most important works is The History of Urartu and its Culture, published in 1944 and which went on to receive the Stalin Prize in 1946. Other notable works include:
* Urartu: The Kingdom of Van and Its Art (1967)
* The Ancient Civilization of Urartu (1969)
* The Hermitage: Its History and Collections (1982)

## Honours and awards

* Hero of Socialist Labour (1983)
* Three Orders of Lenin
* Order of the October Revolution
* Three Orders of the Red Banner of Labour
* Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"
* Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 250th Anniversary of Leningrad"
* Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France)
# Nameisis

Nameisis or Namejs (also Nameise, Nameyxe) was a Semigallian duke in the second half of the 13th century. He ruled in the western part of Semigallia, with his capital at Tērvete (present-day Latvia). In 1279–81, he led a Semigallian uprising against the Livonian Order, a crusading military order. Very little is known about his life. He is mentioned only in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle and in some documents from the 14th century. For this reason he is sometimes referred as semi legendary ruler in Latvian historiography.
Nameisis was mentioned for the first time in 1272 when he was one of Semigallian nobles who signed a peace treaty with the Livonian Order and the Archbishop of Riga.
In 1279, after the crusader defeat in the Battle of Aizkraukle, Nameisis led a Semigallian revolt against the crusaders. Nameisis made an alliance with Traidenis, Grand Duke of Lithuania, recognizing him as his suzerain, and managed to defeat the Livonian garrison in the Tērvete castle. In short time, Semigallians captured other castles and the crusaders were forced to leave Semigallia, except the Mežotne hillfort.
In summer 1279, the crusaders made several attempts to conquer back their lost positions. They pillaged lands around Dobele and Tērvete but were unable to conquer the castles. In autumn 1280, Nameisis attacked Riga, the main crusader stronghold. The attack failed because the crusaders managed to summon a great force of their Latgalian allies and set up defensive positions in front of the city. However, the Semigallians managed to capture several prisoners, including order's marshal who was sent to duke Traidenis and eventually killed in Kernave.
In 1281, the Livonian army again attacked the Dobele Castle but, with the help of the Lithuanians, were defeated. In the autumn, a united crusader army (about 14,000 men) attacked Tērvete with war machines. The Semigallians were unable to resist such a force and Nameisis signed a new peace treaty with the Livonian Order. According to the treaty, the Semigallians were forced to pay a tribute and accept German judges but kept their castles and lands.
After the treaty, Nameisis went to Lithuania to fight crusaders in Christburg, East Prussia together with duke Traidenis. Since there is no mention of Nameisis after that, it is presumed that he was killed there.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 Jasas, Rimantas. "Nameisis". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2023.
* Atskaņu chronika. Ditleba Alnpeķes “Rīmju chronika” / Atdzejojis Jēkabs Saiva. R. Klaustiņa ievads un piezīmes. - R., 1936
* Das Zeugenverhör des Franciscus de Moliano (1312) / Bearbeitet von A.Seraphim. - Königsberg i. Pr., 1912.
* Dunsdorfs E. Latvijas vēsture. - Lincoln (Nebraska), 1980
# Self-dealing

Self-dealing is the conduct of a trustee, attorney, corporate officer, or other fiduciary that consists of taking advantage of their position in a transaction and acting in their own interests rather than in the interests of the beneficiaries of the trust, corporate shareholders, or their clients. According to the political scientist Andrew Stark, "[i]n self-dealing, an officeholder's official role allows her to affect one or more of her own personal interests." It is a form of conflict of interest.
Self-dealing may involve misappropriation or usurpation of corporate assets or opportunities. Political scientists Ken Kernaghan and John Langford define self-dealing as "a situation where one takes an action in an official capacity which involves dealing with oneself in a private capacity and which confers a benefit on oneself."
Examples include "work[ing] for government and us[ing] your official position to secure a contract for a private consulting company you own" or "using your government position to get a summer job for your daughter."
Where a fiduciary has engaged in self-dealing, this constitutes a breach of the fiduciary relationship. The principal of that fiduciary (the person to whom duties are owed) may sue and both recover the principal's lost profits and disgorge the fiduciary's wrongful profits.
In the United States, repeated self-dealing by a private foundation can result in the involuntary termination of its tax-exempt status.
# Gražina (opera)

Gražina is a Lithuanian-language opera in four acts by Jurgis Karnavičius (composer) to a libretto by Kazys Inčiūra after the poem by Adam Mickiewicz. The opera premiered on February 16, 1933, in the then capital Kaunas at the State Theatre as the first Lithuanian opera in independent Lithuania. At the premiere conducted by Mykolas Bukša and directed by Petr Oleka, the role of Gražina was sung by Vladislava Grigaitienė and Liutauras by Kipras Petrauskas.
# Save Your Legs!

Save Your Legs! is a 2012 Australian comedy film directed by Boyd Hicklin and starring Stephen Curry, Damon Gameau and Brendan Cowell. The film is inspired by a 2005 documentary of the same name. It follows the story of Edward "Teddy" Brown and his two mates of a Melbourne cricket team, who travel to India for a tour. The film premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival on 19 August 2012. In Great Britain, the movie is called Knocked For Six.

## Plot

Edward 'Teddy' Brown lives for his suburban cricket club and his two best friends, Rick and Stavros. But when he realises that his beloved team mates are moving on and growing up, he's forced to take matters into his own hands and remind them of just how good cricket can be.
Rallying a boyhood dream and his own teenage obsession, 35-year-old Teddy leads his very ordinary cricket team into the extraordinary heart of India, on an audacious three match tour and a mission to meet cricketing legend, Sachin Tendulkar. While Ted's best-laid plans are brought undone by the chaos of India, stumps fly, friendships fray and a life-changing comic adventure unfolds.
The dream tour becomes a nightmare and the men are forced to face the realities of their friendship, confront their fears and Ted has to learn to move with the changing times.

## Cast

* Stephen Curry as Edward 'Teddy' Brown
* Damon Gameau as Stavros
* Brendan Cowell as Rick
* Darren Gilshenan as Colin
* Brenton Thwaites as Mark
* David Lyons as Prince
* Pallavi Sharda as Anjali
* Darshan Jariwala as Sanjeet Thambuswanny
* Sid Makkar as Tusshar Rai
* Grant Piro
* Eddie Baroo as Shadow

## Production

In November 2011, the Victorian government supported the film as a way to promote trade between India and Australia. Filming began on 12 December, with extensive shoots in India in early 2012.

## Critical reception

Ed Gibbs of The Sydney Morning Herald gave it 4 out of 5 and stated that "this feel-good Australian comedy knocks it into the stands - even for viewers with no interest in cricket".

## Box office

Save Your Legs! opened across 176 screens for distributor Madman, taking $165,000, for a screen average of just $936 per screen.
The film was a UK theatrical and DVD release in June 2014 under the revised title of Knocked For Six.
# M. Mokammel Haq

Mohammad Mokammel Haq is a retired secretary and former chairperson of the Underprivileged Children's Educational Programme. He is the former chairman of the Board of Investment with the rank and status of a government minister. He is the chairperson of Kabi Mozammel Haque Foundation. He is an independent director of Mutual Trust Bank Limited.
Haq is a former director general of the Export Promotion Bureau.

## Early life

Haq's father was Mohammad Mozammel Haq, a poet. He did his bachelors and masters at the University of Dhaka in 1956 and 1957 respectively. He was a classmate of Abul Maal Abdul Muhith.

## Career

As Deputy Commissioner of Sylhet District, Haq provided funding to Ushashi journal of Murari Chand College, founded by Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal, in 1968. He worked on relief operations during the 1970 Bhola cyclone.
From 1970 to 1974, Haq was the Director General of the Integrated Rural Development Programme. From 1974 to 1975, he was the secretary of the Ministry of Education. From 1975 to 1980, Haq was the Vice-Chairman of the Export Promotion Bureau. From 1977 to 1980, he was a director of Rupali Bank Limited. In 1985, he was a director of food production and rural development at the Commonwealth Secretariat.
From 1986 to 1990, Haq was the secretary of the Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Land. Following the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, he was appointed Zonal coordinator and co-chairman of the Chittagong Coordination Cell. He coordinated relief operations with the United States military detachment sent to Bangladesh.
Haq established Halima Khatun Girl's High School in 1993. From 1994 to 1995, he was the chairman of the Board of Investment. He was a member of the Bangladesh Planning Commission. From 1997 to 1998, he was the Chairman of Janata Insurance Company Limited.
From 1999 to 2001, Haq was the chairman of the Board of Investment.
Haq became the President of the Commonwealth Society of Bangladesh in 2015.
In 2018, several intelligence agencies identified Haq as being involved with the narcotics trade. He was appointed an independent director of Mutual Trust Bank Limited. He is a former director of Pioneer Insurance Company Limited.
Haq is a member of the Bangladesh Economic Association, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Bangla Academy, and Underprivileged Childrens Educational Program. He is an advisor of Sydney International School.
# Sibelius (crater)

Sibelius is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 94 kilometres (58 miles). Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Sibelius is named for the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.
Sibelius has a complex central peak that is offset from the center to the southwest. Within the central peak complex is a dark spot of low reflectance material (LRM), closely associated with hollows.
To the south of Sibelius is the crater Vincente, and to the east are Delacroix and Shelley. To the northwest is We’wha crater.
* Highest resolution view obtained by MESSENGER
* The region around Sibelius in exaggerated color. The rays of Han Kan crater cross the scene.