OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laura Kasischke

Laura Kasischke is an American fiction writer and poet. She is best known for writing the novels Suspicious River, The Life Before Her Eyes and White Bird in a Blizzard, all of which have been adapted to film.

## Life and work

She was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Kasischke attended the University of Michigan (MFA 1987) and Columbia University. She lives in Chelsea, Michigan, with her husband and son.
She is the Theodore Roethke Distinguished University Professor of English Language and Literature, and of the Residential College at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Kasischke's literary works have been recognized and highlighted at Michigan State University in their Michigan Writers Series.
Her novel The Life Before Her Eyes is the basis for the film of the same name, directed by Vadim Perelman and starring Uma Thurman and Evan Rachel Wood. Kasischke's work is particularly well received in France, where she is widely read in translation. Her novel A moi pour toujours (Be Mine) was published by Christian Bourgois, and was a national best seller.
Her most recent book of poetry, Where Now - New and Selected Poems, was published in 2017 by Copper Canyon Press.

## Awards

Kasischke was awarded the 2011 National Book Critics Circle Award in poetry for Space, In Chains. Her work has received the Juniper Prize, the Alice Fay di Castagnola Award from the Poetry Society of America, the Pushcart Prize, the Elmer Holmes Bobst Award for Emerging Writers, and the Beatrice Hawley Award. She is the recipient of two fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts. In 2005 she was The Frost Place poet in residence and in 2009 she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in Creative Arts - Poetry She received the 2014 Grand prix des lectrices de Elle.
# List of Japanese films of 1952

A list of films released in Japan in 1952 (see 1952 in film).
* The Flavor of Green Tea over Rice
* Ikiru
* The Man Who Came to Port
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| Children of Hiroshima | Kaneto Shindō | Nobuko Otowa Osamu Takizawa | Drama | |
| Dedication of the Great Buddha | Teinosuke Kinugasa | Kazuo Hasegawa Machiko Kyō | Jidaigeki | Entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival |
| The Flavor of Green Tea over Rice | Yasujirō Ozu | Shin Saburi, Michiyo Kogure | Drama | |
| Foghorn | Senkichi Taniguchi | Yoshiko Yamaguchi Toshirō Mifune | | |
| Gendai-jin | Minoru Shibuya | Ryō Ikebe Isuzu Yamada | | Entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival |
| Ikiru | Akira Kurosawa | Takashi Shimura | Drama | Entered into the 4th Berlin International Film Festival, won Best Film at the 7th Mainichi Film Awards |
| Jewels in our Hearts | Yasuke Chiba | | | |
| The Life of Oharu | Kenji Mizoguchi | Kinuyo Tanaka | Drama | |
| Lightning | Mikio Naruse | Hideko Takamine | | Won Best Film at the 3rd Blue Ribbon Awards |
| Love in a Teacup | Yasuke Chiba | | | |
| Man in the Storm | Kōzō Saeki | Kyōko Kagawa, Yaeko Mizutani, Yōichi Numata | | Entered into the 1952 Cannes Film Festival |
| The Man Who Came to Port | Ishirō Honda | Toshirō Mifune Asami Kuji | | |
| Mother | Mikio Naruse | Kinuyo Tanaka Kyōko Kagawa | Drama | |
| Swift Current | Senkichi Taniguchi | Toshirō Mifune Asami Kuji | | |
| Sword for Hire | Hiroshi Inagaki | Toshiro Mifune, Rentarō Mikuni, Danshiro Ichikawa | Jidai-geki | |
| Vendetta for a Samurai | Kazuo Mori | Takashi Shimura Toshiro Mifune | | |
# Jacob van Rijs

Jacob van Rijs Ir. FRIBA (Amsterdam, 1964) is a Dutch architect, urban planner and one of MVRDV’s three founding partners. Besides giving lectures worldwide van Rijs is also professor Entwerfen und Baukonstruktion at Technische Universität Berlin. Moreover, he regularly lectures and takes part in student juriesat universities and institutes worldwide. His teaching experience comprehends TU Munich, TU Delft, University of Wismar, ETSAM University Madrid, Royal Academy of Arts Copenhagen, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Rice University, Houston, amongst others. Within the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) he is chairman of the International Programme, creating a better support and stimulation for Dutch architects in their activities across the border worldwide. He also holds a position in the Dutch Trade and Investment Board (DTIB) from where he represents architects an international trade and investment level.

## Education

He completed his studies at the Delft University of Technology. He regularly lectures and teaches at schools and institutions all over the world Delft University of Technology, Architecture Academy Amsterdam, Architecture Academy Rotterdam and, Architectural Association School of Architecture London, Cooper Union New York, Rice University in Texas, TN Probe in Tokyo and Universities of Madrid and Barcelona.

## MVRDV

In 1993, together with Winy Maas and Nathalie de Vries, he founded MVRDV (an acronym of the initials of the names of the three founders), which produces designs and studies in the fields of architecture, urban studies and landscape design. The studies on light urbanism for the City of Rotterdam, the headquarters of the Dutch Public Broadcasting Company VPRO and the Wozoco's senior citizens' residences in Amsterdam, which won the A.J. van Eck Prize of the Dutch Architects' Association, have brought MVRDV to the attention of a vast collection of clients, giving the studio international renown. Today, the studio is actively involved in numerous projects in various parts of the world. MVRDV designed the Dutch pavilion for Expo 2000 in Hanover, the Logrono Eco-City in Spain, the Gyre building in Tokyo and many others.

## Publications

* FARMAX (010 Publishers, Rotterdam, 1999)
* Metacity/Datatown (010 Publishers, Rotterdam, 1999)
* Reading MVRDV (NAi Publishers, Rotterdam, 2003)
* Spacefighter The evolutionary city game (Actar, Barcelona, 2005)
* KM3 EXCURSIONS ON CAPACITIES (Actar, Barcelona, 2006)
* MVRDV 1997-2003 (El Croquis, Madrid, Spain, 2003)

## Articles

* Gonzalo Herrero Delicado. Mirador Building, Madrid, Spain: MVRDV and Blanca Lleó 2005. - Galinsky, 2006
* Orlandoni, Alessandra "Interview with Winy Maas" - The Plan 013, March 2006
* Frey, Darcy "Crowded House" - The New York Times Magazine, June 8, 2008
# Willie Anne Wright

Willie Anne Wright (née Boschen; born 1924) is an American photographer best known for her colorful cibachrome and grayscale Pinhole Photography.

## Biography

Willie Anne Wright was born Willie Anna Boschen, in Richmond, Virginia. Her father was a musician and sometime-artist.
She graduated from the College of William & Mary in 1945 with a BS in Psychology, and from Virginia Commonwealth University in 1964 with an MFA in Painting. Wright notes that William & Mary fine arts professor Thomas Thorne was particularly influential to her as an undergraduate, both by providing access to art supplies during wartime and by selecting two of her watercolors to be exhibited at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in a 1944 exhibition. She later studied at the Maine photographic workshops in Rockport, Maine and the Visual Studies Workshop in Rochester, New York.
She married John “Jack” Wright Jr. and had three children.

## Career

Wright began her artistic career as a painter, teaching art classes at the Jewish Community Center, and was influenced by one of her painting instructors, Theresa Pollak. For a while, she experimented with printmaking. By 1973, she began to focus more and more on photography. Inspired by her surroundings and personal life, her first works incorporated images of her family, friends, and Civil War reenactors. Well known for her use of the old technique of pinhole, she is also an exceptional master in lensless photography, solar printing, and photograms.
Some of her more well known works include her "Civil War Redux" series, which focuses on local Civil War reenactors whom she followed around for several years, her "Pregnant Women" series, which features pregnant friends of hers, and "The Swimmer" series, which features women lounging by poolsides or in pools. In 2023 the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts exhibited a retrospective of her work entitled Willie Anne Wright: Artist and Alchemist.

## Technique

Wright first experimented with pinhole photography in 1985. For a class project she had to create and use a pinhole camera. She used Cibachrome paper for use in a sixteen by twenty inch pinhole camera. With color-correcting filters she created wide-angle color prints by placing the pinhole close to the film plane. Her images were whimsical with bright colors and a vignette border.

## Collections

Wright's work is held in the following public collections:
* Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.
* Chrysler Museum of Art.
* Mary Baldwin University
* Walter Cecil Rawls Library and Museum, Courtland, VA
* Mariners' Museum.
* Southeast Museum of Photography
* Smithsonian American Art Museum
* New Orleans Museum of Art.
* Longwood University.
* University of Maine.
* University of New Hampshire.
# Giuliano Bonfante

Giuliano Bonfante (6 August 1904, Milan – 9 September 2005, Rome) was an Italian linguist and expert on the language of the Etruscans and other Italic peoples. He was professor of linguistics at the University of Genoa and then at the University of Turin.
Bonfante was born in Milan, the son of jurist Pietro Bonfante [it]. He collaborated with his daughter, Larissa Bonfante, in his study of the Etruscan language. He became a member of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1958.
He died in Rome.
# Silvio Ceccato

Silvio Ceccato (Montecchio Maggiore, Italy 25 January 1914 – Milan, 2 December 1997) was an Italian philosopher and linguist.
Born in Montecchio Maggiore, he studied law and music. In 1949 he founded the international magazine Methodos, which was published until 1964.
In 1956 he designed and built Adamo II, the first Italian prototype of artificial intelligence, which he had intended to reproduce man's mental states. Those same years he lectured on the philosophy of science at Milan University, where he directed the Cybernetics and Linguistic Studies Centre, until he went to IULM.
In 1988, as an actor, Silvio Ceccato participated in the film 32 December by Luciano De Crescenzo, interpreting the role of the insane Cavalier Sanfilippo who believed to be Socrates.
In 1990, Silvio Ceccato presented a Catalogue of the Sarnano City Exhibition “Illuministi e Neoilluministi”.
He later retired from the academic world and wrote books about happiness.

## Works

* Il linguaggio con la Tabella di Ceccatieff (1951)
* Adamo II, Congresso Internazionale dell'Automatismo, Milano, 8-13 aprile 1956, pp. 1–8
* Linguistic analysis and programming for mechanical translation (1961)
* Un tecnico fra i filosofi (1962/1964)
* Corso di linguistica operativa (1969)
* Il gioco del Teocono (1971)
* La mente vista da un cibernetico (1972)
* La terza cibernetica. Per una mente creativa e responsabile (1974)
* L'ingegneria della felicità (1985)
* Il linguista inverosimile (1988, with Carlo Oliva)
* Mille tipi di bello (1995)
* C'era una volta la filosofia (1996)
Full Bibliography
# Loos-en-Gohelle

Loos-en-Gohelle (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Loos in Gohelle') is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

It is a former coal mining town, three miles northwest of the centre of Lens. The two largest (184 m & 182 m) spoil heaps in Europe are in Loos-en-Gohelle, those of pits 11 and 19, and are visible for miles around. They are part of the mines of the Nord-Pas de Calais region that have become the 38th French site on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as "a living and changing landscape".
# Jan Knappert

Jan Knappert (January 14, 1927, Heemstede – May 30, 2005, Hilversum, Netherlands) was a well-known expert on the Swahili language. He was also an Esperantist, and he wrote an Esperanto-Swahili dictionary.

## Life and career

Knappert translated many literary and historical works from Swahili; including Utendi wa Tambuka ("The Epic of Heraklios"), a very early Swahili epic poem. He also translated the Finnish national epic, The Kalevala, into Swahili.
Knappert taught in Leuven and London, as well as several African universities. He also participated in several Esperanto conventions in the 1970s, such as TEJO.
Knappert was Lecturer of Bantu Languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), specializing in Swahili traditional and religious literature. He wrote extensively about the manuscripts he collected and deposited in the SOAS Archives. His most important contributions include Four Centuries of Swahili Verses (1979), Swahili Islamic Poetry (1971), Epic Poetry in Swahili and other African Languages, (1983), A Survey of Swahili Islamic Epic Sagas (1999). He also resided at the University of Dar es Salaam, where he became Secretary of the East African Swahili Committee as well as editor of the journal of the same committee, after the death of W. H. Whiteley, in the 1970s. At SOAS, he worked with the great Africanists Malcolm Guthrie, A. N. Tucker, B. W. Andrzejewski, Gordon Innes, and Ronald Snoxall. In addition to the study of Swahili, Dr Knappert also holds a degree in Sanskrit with Indian history, Hinduism and Buddhism, a degree in Semitic languages with Hebrew, Arabic and Islam, and a Master in Austronesian studies, with Malay, Tagalog, Hawaiian and Malagasy. After teaching at SOAS for a number of years, he moved to Belgium to lecture. After this he retired from the University of Louvain, Belgium, to devote himself entirely to writing.
He fathered seven children and was grandfather to eight.

## Partial bibliography

* 1958: Het Epos Van Heraklios (Dutch edition and literal translation; dissertation at Leiden University)
* 1969: "The Utenzi wa Katirifu or Ghazwa ya Sesebani", Afrika und Übersee, Band LII, 3–4, 81–104.
* 1970: Myths and Legends of the Swahili. London: Heinemann.
* 1977: het Epos van Heraklios. Uit het Swahili vertaald in het oorspronkelijke metrum. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff (Dutch translation in the original meter).
* 1977: Myths and Legends of Indonesia. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia) Ltd.
* 1986: Kings, Gods and Spirits from African Mythology. London: Eurobook Ltd.
* 1989: The A-Z of African Proverbs London: Karnak House.
* 1990: African Mythology. London: The Aquarian Press.
* 1991: Indian Mythology; an Encyclopedia of Myth and Legend. London: HarperCollins.
* 1995: Pacific Mythology; an Encyclopedia of Myth and Legend. London: HarperCollins.
* 2001: The Book of African Fables. New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
* 2003: The A-Z of African Love Songs. London: Karnak House.
* 2005: Swahili Culture Book I and II. New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
# Queenswater station

Queenswater was a train station along the Long Beach Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. It was located along Reynolds Channel and was used between 1898 and 1936 to serve numerous fishing clubs and hotels.

## History

Queenswater station was originally built by the New York and Long Beach Railroad as a signal stop in April 1898 and was named "Inner Beach." It consisted entirely of a single low cinder wooden platform, and had no depot building. The station was located south of Reynolds Channel on the east side of the track across from where the freight yard lead left the main line 0.3 miles (0.48 km) west of Long Beach. It served several fishing shacks and eventually the Molitor's Hotel on Long Beach Island. Thirteen months after the station was established, the name of the station was changed to "Queenswater."
Repeated storm damage to the original Long Beach station, as well as the rails and equipment leading to it forced community members to demand that the terminus be relocated from the Atlantic Ocean to Reynolds Channel. The city got its wish, and the new terminal was built in 1909, which forced the closure of Club House station. Unfortunately, the new terminal was now a mere 1,584 feet (483 m) south of Queenswater. The LIRR tried unsuccessfully to seek permission from the New York Public Service Commission to close the station 1910, and again in 1915 by removing fishing shanties. The nearby Wreck Lead station closed on December 31, 1927, but Queenswater station remained in operation until it was finally closed in June 1936.
# Henrik Nicolai Clausen

Henrik Nicolai Clausen (22 April 1793 – 28 March 1877) was a Danish theologian and national liberal politician. He was a member of the National Constitutional Assembly from 1848 to 1849, of the Folketing from 1849 to 1853 and of the Landsting from 1853 to 1863.

## Early life and education

Henrik Nicolai Clausen was born on the island of Lolland, the son of resident chaplin and later provost H. G. Clausen (1759-1840) and Sophia M. Schiern (1769-1817). He was the elder brother of theologian Emil Theodor Clausen (1802-1851). The family moved to Copenhagen when he was four years old. He graduated from the Metropolitan School in 1809.
Clausen became a student in 1809 and a candidate in theology in 1813. He won the university's gold medal for Fremstilling og Bedømmelse af Apologeternes Beviser for Kristendommen imod hedenske og jødiske Modstandere in 1815. and became a doctor of philosophy in 1817.

## Career

From 1820 he held a professorial chair in theology at the University of Copenhagen where his theological rationalism influenced Magnús Eiríksson and was one of the instructors of Søren Kierkegaard .
He wrote, besides other works, Romanism and Protestantism (1825); Popular Discourses on the Reformation (1836); a commentary on the synoptical Gospels, and Christian Dogmatics (1867).
In 1840 he was chosen a deputy to the States, and near the end of 1848 was appointed a member of the Moltke II Cabinet. He was a member of the National Constitutional Assembly from 1848 to 1849, of the Folketing from 1849 to 1853 and of the Landsting from 1853 to 1863.

## Personal life

Clausen married on 8 December 1821 in the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen Birgitte Francisca Swane (1797-1875), daughter of brewer and timber merchant Hans Swane (1753-1803) and Johanne Marie Gad (1767-1842). They were the parents of the theologian Johannes Clausen (1830-1905).
He died on 27 March 1877 and is buried in Copenhagen's Assistens Cemetery.

## Awards and commemoration

Clausen was created a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1836 and a Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1850. He was awarded the Cross of Honour in 1869 and the Grand Cross in 1871.
A portrait painting of him by C. A. Jensen (1827) and another one by Wilhelm Marstrand are in the collection of the Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Castle in Hillerød. He is also depicted on Constantin Hansen's group portrait painting of The Danish Constituent Assembly (Christiansborg Palace). Herman Wilhelm Bissen (1858, Danish National Gallery) and Theobald Stein (1865) have both created portrait busts of him. An enlarged version of Bissen's portrait bust created by his son Vilhelm Bissen was installed in front of the University of Copenhagen on Frue Plads in 1878.
H. N. Clausens Gade in Aarhus is named after him.
# Givenchy-en-Gohelle

Givenchy-en-Gohelle (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Givenchy in Gohelle'; Picard: Givinchy-in-Gohelle) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. The village was destroyed during World War I but was rebuilt after the war.

## Geography

Givenchy-en-Gohelle is a large farming village situated 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Arras, at the junction of the D51 and the D55 roads. Its neighboring communes are Souchez to the west, Angres to the northwest, Liévin to the north, Avion to the east and Vimy to the southeast.
The Bois de Givenchy or Givenchy Forest, covers much of the commune on its northern side. To further the agricultural range of products, the commune of Givenchy-en-Gohelle have planted grapes (chardonnay and pinot gris). The first grape harvest took place in 2000.

## First World War

During the First World War, Givenchy-en-Gohelle was on the front line between German and Allied forces during the battles of Arras and was severely damaged, particularly during the Battle of Vimy Ridge in 1917. For much of the First World War, the village also was the site of sustained underground fighting between German and British tunneling units. Givenchy-en-Gohelle was taken by the 2nd Canadian Division on 13 April 1917. Over 150 war casualties (1914–1918) are commemorated at the Canadian cemetery here and 109 from the Battle of Vimy Ridge are buried here.
The centennial commemoration of the Battle of Vimy Ridge was held at the Canadian National Vimy Memorial near the village on 9 April 2017. Estimates before the event indicated that up to 30,000 would attend.
By early April 2017, the village had been decorated with 500 Canadian flags.

## Places of interest

* The Canadian National Vimy Memorial to commemorate First World War Canadian dead and missing, presumed dead, in France.
* The church of St. Martin, dating from the seventeenth century.
* The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Canadian memorial and cemeteries.
# George P. Buell

George Pearson Buell (October 4, 1833 – May 31, 1883) was an American civil engineer and soldier. He served as a Union Army general during the American Civil War, and remained in the United States Army following the conflict.

## Early life and career

George Pearson Buell was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, in 1833, a first cousin of future Union general Don Carlos Buell. He attended Norwich University in 1856, and later became City Engineer of Leavenworth, Kansas. He then mined for gold and later was a civil engineer in Colorado.

## Civil War service

Buell chose to defend the Union cause and entered the volunteer ranks of his birth state in 1861. On December 17 he was appointed to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the 58th Indiana Infantry. He was promoted to colonel on June 24, 1862. Buell led the 58th Indiana during the Battle of Perryville on October 8. Buell then led his regiment during the Battle of Stones River in late December into January 1863. During the fight he took over command of Brig. Gen. Milo S. Hascall's brigade when that officer was needed for division command, and Lt. Col. James T. Embree then led the 58th Indiana. After the battle Buell was given brigade command and led several different brigades in the Army of the Cumberland throughout 1863 and 1864. He also led a brigade during the Battle of Chickamauga on September 19–20, 1863.
On January 23, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Buell for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers for his management of disassembled Federal pontoon trains used to construct pontoon bridges over waterways, to rank from January 12, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 14, 1865. Buell commanded various brigades (and for two brief periods a division) of the Army of Georgia for the remainder of the war. He led a brigade during the Battle of Bentonville on March 19–21, consisting of the 13th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment, the 21st Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and the 69th Ohio Infantry. The brigade suffered 205 casualties during this fight. Buell was mustered out of the volunteer service on July 25.

## Postwar

Buell elected to continue in the U.S. Army after the Civil War. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the regular army on July 28, 1866, in the 29th U.S. Infantry Regiment. Buell was appointed a brevet colonel in the regular army to rank from March 2, 1867, a reward for his performance in November 1863 at Missionary Ridge during the war. On December 3, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Buell for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general in the regular army, to date from March 2, 1867, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 14, 1868.
On March 15, 1869, Buell was transferred to the 11th U.S. Infantry Regiment, and was promoted to colonel on March 20, 1879, in command of the 15th U.S. Infantry Regiment. He died in 1883 while on duty in Nashville, Tennessee, and is buried there at Mount Olivet Cemetery.
# Inkaar (1943 film)

Inkaar is a Bollywood film. It was released in 1943.