OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Orchidoideae

The Orchidoideae, or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) that contains around 3630 species. Species typically have a single (monandrous), fertile anther which is erect and basitonic.

## Description

The subfamily Orchidoideae and the previously recognized subfamily Spiranthoideae are considered the closest allies in the natural group of the monandrous orchids because of several generally shared characters:
* a shared terrestrial habit
* sectile (capable of being severed) or granular pollinia
* erect anthers.

## Taxonomy

Phylogeny of the Orchidoideae is volatile and still subject to change. Historically, the Orchidoideae have been partitioned into up to 6 tribes, including Orchideae, Diseae, Cranichideae, Chloraeeae, Diurideae, and Codonorchideae. However, the most recent molecular phylogenetics analysis led by Chase et al. in 2015 and subsequently by Chen et al. in 2017 indicates that the Orchidoideae should be split into 4 tribes: the Orchideae, Cranichideae, Diurideae, and Codonorchideae.

### Codonorchideae

This monophyletic tribe consists of only one genus, Codonorchis, found in South America.

### Cranichideae

This cosmopolitan tribe comprises 8 currently accepted subtribes. Molecular evidence suggests that the former Chloraeeae are sister to the rest of the Cranichideae. As such, the Chloraeeae are now considered a subtribe of the Cranichideae. Moreover, based on morphological and genetic evidence, the genus Discyphus was elevated out of the Spiranthinae to form its own monophyletic subtribe, the Discyphinae.

### Orchideae

Once divided into the Orchidinae and Habenariinae (a nonsystematic paraphyletic splitting), the Orchideae now comprise 6 subtribes. Along with previous molecular studies, Chase et al's 2015 analysis confirmed that Diseae was a polyphyletic grouping. Consequently, the former subtribes of Diseae have been redistributed within the Orchideae (for instance, Satyrium is now classified in the Orchidinae). In his 2015 study Chase recommended further study of historically problematic genera in the former Diseae such as Huttonaea and Pachites. Further molecular analysis by Chen et al. in 2017 led to the following reorganization:

### Diurideae

The Diurideae, a predominantly Australasian tribe, retain their previous subtribal organization and comprise 9 taxa:
* Acianthinae (monophyletic)
* Caladeniinae (polyphyletic)
* Cryptostylidinae (monophyletic)
* Diuridinae (monophyletic)
* Drakaeinae (monophyletic)
* Megastylidinae (monophyletic)
* Prasophyllinae (monophyletic)
* Rhizanthellinae (monophyletic)
* Thelymitrinae (monophyletic)
# Oscar J. Upham

Oscar John Jefferson Upham (December 14, 1871 – February 18, 1949) was a private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Boxer Rebellion who received the Medal of Honor for bravery.
In addition to his service during the Boxer rebellion, he also served in the Spanish–American War and is credited as shooting the first shot from the USS Oregon which started that portion of the Spanish–American War.

## Biography

Upham was born December 14, 1871, in Toledo, Ohio, enlisted into the Marine Corps in 1896 at the age of 25. He was stationed at Mare Island, California. Within a year he was ordered to sea duty aboard the USS Oregon. While Upham was on duty, the Spanish fleet exited the harbor at Santiago, Cuba, on July 3, 1898. Upham was serving as a powder monkey for one of the six-inch guns on the Oregon's bridge; he was given the order to shoot, and Upham is credited as shooting the first shot which began the Spanish–American War.
During the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, he and his fellow Marines were erecting barricades in Peking, China, when the Chinese rebels surrounded the group and settled down for a three-month siege. A quotation from his diary, kept during the siege, reads: "We are holding out no hope for rescue and many do not give rescue a second thought." He was earned the Medal of Honor for this action — one of 33 Marines to earn the award during the rebellion. He received the Medal of Honor for his action in Peking, China from on July 21 – August 17, 1900.
During his enlistment, Upham kept a detailed diary of events. Portions of that diary have been published multiple times. Upham's parents were in the Oklahoma Land Run of 1889 and after his service he joined them there and made Oklahoma his home. He retired from the US Postal Service, and he died February 14, 1949, in Guthrie, Oklahoma, where many of his family still live today. .

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: January 14, 1871, Toledo, Ohio. Accredited to: Illinois. G.O. No.: 55, July 19, 1901.
Citation:
   In the presence of the enemy at Peking, China, 21 July to 17 August 1900. Although under a heavy fire from the enemy during this period, Upham assisted in the erection of barricades.
# Mirasaka, Hiroshima

Mirasaka (三良坂町, Mirasaka-chō) was a town located in Futami District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town has an estimated population of 3,801 and a density of 87.02 persons per km$^2$. The total area is 43.68 km$^2$.
On April 1, 2004, Mirasaka, along with the towns of Kisa and Miwa, the villages of Funo, Kimita and Sakugi (all from Futami District), and the town of Kōnu (from Kōnu District), was merged with the expanded city of Miyoshi into one, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
# Kārlis Lasmanis

Kārlis Pauls Lasmanis (born 8 April 1994) is a Latvian basketball player for the Latvian 3x3 national team.
He represented Latvia at the 2020 Summer Olympics, sinking the game-winning two-pointer that won Latvia the gold medal. With 76 points, he was the top scorer of the tournament. He was also the top scorer of the 2024 Olympics tournament with 67 points.
His father, Uģis Lasmanis is a former rower who participated in two Olympics, while his sister, Rūta Kate Lasmane is a long jumper and triple jumper.
# 1993–94 UEFA Champions League knockout stage

The 1993–94 UEFA Champions League knockout stage began on 27 April with the semi-finals and ended on 18 May 1994 with the final at the Olympic Stadium in Athens, Greece, to decide the champions of the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League. A total of four teams competed in the knockout stage.
Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

## Qualified teams

The knockout stage involved the four teams which qualified as winners and runners-up of both groups in the group stage.
| Group | Winners (home in semi-final match) | Runners-up (away in semi-final match) |
| A | Barcelona | Monaco |
| B | Milan | Porto |

## Format

Each tie in the knockout stage was played in a single match. For the semi-finals, the group winners played at home against the runner-up of the other group. If the score was level at the end of normal time, extra time would be played, followed by a penalty shoot-out if the score was still level.

## Schedule

The schedule was as follows.
| Round | Date |
| Semi-finals | 27 April 1994 |
| Final | 18 May 1994 at Olympic Stadium, Athens |

## Bracket

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final | Final |
| 27 April – Milan | 27 April – Milan | 27 April – Milan | | | |
| Milan | Milan | 3 | | | |
| Milan | Milan | 3 | 18 May – Athens | 18 May – Athens | 18 May – Athens |
| Monaco | Monaco | 0 | 18 May – Athens | 18 May – Athens | 18 May – Athens |
| Monaco | Monaco | 0 | Milan | Milan | 4 |
| 27 April – Barcelona | 27 April – Barcelona | 27 April – Barcelona | Milan | Milan | 4 |
| 27 April – Barcelona | 27 April – Barcelona | 27 April – Barcelona | Barcelona | Barcelona | 0 |
| Barcelona | Barcelona | 3 | Barcelona | Barcelona | 0 |
| Porto | Porto | 0 | | | |

## Semi-finals
### Summary

The semi-finals were played on 27 April 1994.
| Home team | Score | Away team |
| Milan | 3–0 | Monaco |
| Barcelona | 3–0 | Porto |

### Matches
## Final

The final was played on 18 May 1994 at the Olympic Stadium in Athens.
# Bernard Gavrin

Bernard Gavrin (c. 1915 – c. July 9, 1944) was a US Army Private during World War II. He took part in the Battle of Saipan and went missing in action sometime between June 15 and July 9, 1944. No one in his family knew what had happened to him until the Japanese nonprofit Kuentai Group found his remains while recovering remains of Japanese soldiers who died during World War II. His only living relative who knew him was subsequently found and genetic testing revealed that the remains were those of Bernard Gavrin, 70 years after his death. On September 12, 2014, he was finally buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

## Background

Gavrin lived in Brooklyn in New York City when he enlisted in the army in 1940. He never married nor had children, but he had a nephew, David Rogers. In 1944, he was in the 105th Infantry Regiment, which formed part of the American invasion force which had landed on Saipan. Sometime between June 15 to July 9, 1944, during which his regiment suffered heavy losses during the Battle of Saipan, he went missing in action. On July 7, 1944, Gavrin was declared missing in action and presumed dead. Gavrin's nephew, David Rogers (12 years old at the time) was present when Gavrin's mother received a telegram notifying her of Gavrin's death. Rogers reported that "She let out a terrifying scream that I can still hear to this day". His remains were declared unrecoverable by the army in 1948. In 1950, his name was placed on the Brooklyn War Memorial.

## Discovery

In 2006, the Japanese nonprofit Kuentai Group began recovering the remains of Japanese soldiers from World War II in the Philippines. The group subsequently expanded their search to include Saipan and discovered mass graves while searching in fields. Among the remains of many Japanese soldiers, they found three dog tags belonging to American soldiers—the other soldiers were identified as Army Pvt. William Yawney and Army Pfc. Richard L. Bean. On one dog tag, Bernard Gavrin's name was engraved along with his father's name "Max" as last of kin, and his home address. The Kuentai Group subsequently contacted the Bull Run Regional Library in Virginia with the aim of finding surviving relatives. Tish Como, who worked at the library, used public records in the library to find Bernard's nieces Marilyn Goldman and Beverly Newborn. They contacted David Rogers, Gavrin's nephew.
The remains of the American soldiers that the Kuentai Group found were turned over to the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command for DNA testing. Using genetic samples provided by David Rogers, Bernard Gavrin's remains were identified 70 years after his death.

## Burial

On September 12, 2014, Army Pfc. Bernard Gavrin was buried in Arlington National Cemetery 70 years after his death. The Governor of New York ordered all flags on state buildings in New York be lowered to half-staff on Monday September 15, 2014. He was 29 years old when he died and he was buried with full military honors.
# Ingrid Yeung Ho Poi-yan

Ingrid Yeung Ho Poi-yan (Chinese: 楊何蓓茵) is the current Secretary for the Civil Service in Hong Kong, appointed on 1 July 2022 as part of John Lee's administration.

## Biography

According to her official government profile, she started government work in 1986 as an executive officer. She was the Commissioner for Transport from 2012-2017, the Permanent Secretary for Education from 2017-2020, and the Permanent Secretary for the Civil Service from 2020-2022.

## Secretary for the Civil Service

In October 2022, Yeung announced that the Civil Service code of conduct would be updated to remove the "political neutrality" core value. In addition, Yeung also said "Events in recent years and the international situation today shows the importance of patriots administering Hong Kong."
In August 2023, Yeung said that civil servants would need to declare all arrests, and could be transferred to other positions or fired; one union representative asked why this was necessary for those found innocent.
In January 2024, Yeung said that civil servants should be careful of their personal opinions and must speak carefully, both in their personal lives and online.
# Joy Ann Williams

Joy Ann Williams (June 13, 1961 – November 18, 2016) was an American immunologist at the National Cancer Institute where she researched the biology of thymic development.

## Early life and education

Williams was born on June 13, 1961 in Arlington County, Virginia, and raised in Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia. She graduated from T.C. Williams' High School.
Williams completed bachelor's degrees in biology and piano performance from Oberlin College and Oberlin Conservatory of Music. She earned a master's degree in molecular biology and a Ph.D. in immunology from the University of Maryland, College Park. Her dissertation was titled Regulation of macrophage cytokine production by prostaglandin E₂: distinct roles of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2.
As a graduate student, she worked at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as a pre-doctoral Intramural Research Training Award fellow in the Laboratory of Genetics under Dr. Michael Potter. She then worked as a biologist under her graduate mentor, Emily Shacter, first in the Laboratory of Genetics, and later in the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. The year after earning her Ph.D., Williams joined the laboratory of Richard Hodes in NCI's Experimental Immunology Branch as a postdoctoral fellow.

## Career

Williams worked as a regulatory/research scientist at the Food and Drug Administration. In 2006, Williams’ interest in basic research brought her back to Hodes’ lab at National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a staff scientist. In latest work, Williams advanced the understanding of the biology of thymic development and the cross-talk between thymic epithelium and the developing T-cell repertoire.
In her years at NIH, Williams taught courses through the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology and at the University of Maryland University College.

## Personal life and death

Williams performed on piano, flute and accordion. After a 2010 piano concert at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, she was quoted in The Scientist: “Playing the piano focuses me” and “absorbs my mind in different ways than science.” Williams remained active in a variety of music activities, including teaching, accompanying other musicians and performing. Williams rode her bicycle to work on the Capital Crescent Trail.
Williams died from ovarian cancer on November 18, 2016, after a four-year battle with the disease. She was 55. Williams was survived by her husband, Todd R. Smyth, her parents Harrison Brownell Williams and Ann Peterson Williams, her sister Julie Arrighetti, her brother-in-law Craig Arrighetti and her nephew Nicholas Arrighetti.
# Jack W. Carter

Jack W. Carter (January 18, 1938 – September 5, 2019) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 146-2 district of the Georgia House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Carter was born in Cook County, Georgia. He attended Woodrow Wilson College of Law and served in the United States Army.
In 1975, Carter was elected to represent the 146-2 district of the Georgia House of Representatives, serving until 1976.
Carter died on September 5, 2019, at the age of 81.
# Potocki Palace

Potocki Palace is a palace of the Potocki family:
* Potocki Palace, Warsaw
* Potocki Palace, Lviv
* Potocki Palace, Natolin
* Potocki Palace, Odesa
* Potocki Palace, Tulchyn
* Potocki Palace, Krzeszowice
* Potocki Palace, Międzyrzec Podlaski
* Potocki Palace, Chervonohrad
* Potocki Palace, Brody

## Other former properties of the Potocki family

* Wilanów Palace
* Łańcut Palace
* Pomoriany Castle
* Zator Castle
* Livadia Palace
* Antoniny Palace, Antoniny, Ukraine – destroyed in the Russian Civil War in August 1919
# Kristian Grant

Kristian Grant is an American Democratic politician from Michigan. She was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives from the 82nd district in the 2022 election. She was reelected in 2024.
Grant is a real-estate developer and trustee on the Grand Rapids Public Schools Board of Education.
# Marble Slab Creamery

Marble Slab Creamery (Marble Slab) is an American chain of ice cream shops owned by FAT Brands. Its corporate offices are in Atlanta, Georgia.
There are more than 392 stores in various countries, all independently owned and franchised.

## History

Marble Slab, which began as a single unit operation called Cones & Cream, was founded in Houston by chefs Sigmund Penn and Tom LePage in 1983. They were inspired by Steve Herrell of Herrell's Ice Cream in Boston, who pioneered the mixing approach to ice cream toppings. In 1986, Marble Slab became the first ice cream treatery to use a frozen granite slab to blend mix-in toppings into the ice cream. Later that year, Marble Slab was bought by Ronnie Hankamer of Texas, who laid the groundwork for the brand's franchising concept.
In the late 2000s, Marble Slab expanded beyond its southeastern presence and has been recognized as a fast-growing franchise. In 2007 it was ranked in Entrepreneur Magazine's Franchise 500 (#93), Fastest-Growing Franchises (#72), and America's Top Global Franchises (#75).
As an independent company it had its headquarters in the Westchase area of Houston, Texas. After the NexCen acquisition, initially the brand's headquarters were in unincorporated Gwinnett County, Georgia. In July 2010, NexCen announced the sale of its franchise business to Global Franchise Group, LLC, an affiliate of Levine Leichtman Capital Partners. Global Franchise Group is now owned by Lion Capital LLP and Serruya Private Equity.

### Ownership changes

In February 2007, Global Franchise Group purchased Marble Slab Creamery taking the company off the stock market, since its acquisition the chain has been a franchise brand with MaggieMoo's Ice Cream and Treatery and Great American Cookies.
On June 28, 2021, Global Franchise Group announced that it would be acquired by FAT Brands, owners of Fatburger and Johnny Rockets. The acquisition was completed on July 22.

## Products

The chain specializes in serving homemade ice cream. The chain serves a variety of other desserts including ice cream cakes, sundaes and milkshakes as well as smoothies.
# The First Live "X-Clan Origins"

The First Live "X-Clan Origins", also known as Monsta X The First Live: X-Clan Origins, is the first Asian concert tour by the South Korean boy group Monsta X. It started on July 16, two months after the release of their third extended play The Clan Pt. 1 Lost, kicking off in Seoul, and then visiting four more Asian countries including Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Thailand.

## Background

In June, Starship Entertainment announced that Monsta X will hold their first solo concert, to be held at the Blue Square Samsung Card Hall in Hannam-dong, Seoul for two days from July 16 to 17.
Monsta X's first stop was in Manila, Philippines on November 27 at the Skydome SM North EDSA.
Monsta X had their second stop in Jakarta, Indonesia at the Indonesia Convention Exhibition on December 10.
Monsta X held their third stop in Taipei, Taiwan at the Taipei International Convention Center on December 18. The group also attended the recording of Taiwan's popular programs such as Hello Hallyu!, 100% Entertainment, Total Entertainment, Idols of Asia, and KKBOX. After that, they confronted a press conference to gain some of the local attention of the press.
Monsta X's Bangkok, Thailand stop was supposed to be on November 12, but postponed on January 7, 2017. The postponement was because of the death of Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

## Commercial performance

While Monsta X announced their first solo concert, all tickets were sold out within five minutes of opening, wherein all 2,500 tickets were sold out in advance reservations for official fan club members only.
Monsta X's first concert in Taipei, Taiwan also gathered 3,000 audiences.

## Tour dates

List of concerts, showing date, city, country, venue and attendance :
| Date | City | Country | Venue | Attendance |
| July 16, 2016 | Seoul | South Korea | Blue Square Samsung Card Hall | Undisclosed |
| July 17, 2016 | Seoul | South Korea | Blue Square Samsung Card Hall | Undisclosed |
| November 27, 2016 | Quezon City | Philippines | Skydome SM North EDSA | Undisclosed |
| December 10, 2016 | Jakarta | Indonesia | Indonesia Convention Exhibition | Undisclosed |
| December 18, 2016 | Taipei | Taiwan | Taipei International Convention Center | 3,000 |
| January 7, 2017 | Bangkok | Thailand | Central Plaza Chaengwattana | Undisclosed |
# Sayyid Jamal al-Din Va'iz

Sayyid Jamal al-Din "Va'iz" Esfahani (Persian: سید جمال‌الدین واعظ اصفهانی; also known as Seyed Jamal Vaez ["The Preacher"], 1862–1908) was a popular pro-constitutional preacher and writer in Iran. He was one of the founders of a constitutional movement in Isfahan in 1890s. He wrote for the reformist newspapers - especially for Al Jamal. He wrote mostly about the economy and the financial autonomy of Persia, which he compared it to jihad.
He is the father of Iranian writer Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh.

## The Constitutional Revolution

One major concern of Akhund Khurasani and other Marja's was to familiarize the public with the ideas of a democratic nation-state and modern constitution. Akhund Khurasani asked Iranian scholars to deliver sermons on the subject to clarify doubts seeded by Nuri and his comrades. Hajj Shaikh Muhammad Va'iz Isfahani, a skillful orator of Tehran, made concerted efforts to educate the masses. Another scholar, Sayyid Jamal al-Din Va'iz continuously refuted Nuri's propaganda and said that religious tyranny was worse than the temporal tyranny as the harm that the corrupt clerics inflict upon Islam and Muslims is worse. He advised the Shia masses to not pay attention to everyone with a turban on his head, rather they should listen to the guidelines of the sources of emulation in Najaf. Va'iz was an opponent to Mohammad-Ali Shah Qajar. "As to the ulama in the constitutional revolution, there were varying degrees of support for a constitution and of awareness of its implications. Among the popular preachers there were a number in the tradition of Afghani — men brought up with a religious education and filling, more than Afghani, religious functions, notably preaching, but who were not themselves believers in any usual sense. These included most notably two preacher friends from Isfahan — Malek al-Motakallemin and Sayyed Jamal ad-Din Esfahani, the former the father of the historian of the constitutional revolution, Mehdi Malekzadeh, and the latter the father of Iran's first great modern short-story writer, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh. Malek al-Motakallamin was long an Azali Bábí, although by the time he became a preacher in the revolution he appears to have lost even this belief, while Sayyed Jamal ad-Din Esfahani was described by his son as a freethinker. They both recognized the appeal of Islam to the masses and bazaaris, however. [...] In Tehran, the two became major preachers of the revolutionary and constitutional cause, explaining it in familiar Muslim terms emphasizing such Islamic concepts, particularly central in Shi'ism, as Justice and Oppression. Mohammad-Ali Shah considered them among the most dangerous of his enemies and had them both killed in 1908, as he did the editor of Sur-e Esrafil, Mirza Jahangir Khan, also of Bábí background."

## Publications

* Lebas ot taqva - against import of goods
* The True Dream with Majd al- Islam Kirmani (1872–1922)