# German submarine U-404

German submarine U-404 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down at the Danziger Werft in the city of the same name on 4 June 1940 as yard number 105, launched a year later on 4 June 1941 and was commissioned on 6 August 1941, with Kapitänleutnant Otto von Bülow in command.
The boat commenced her career with the 6th U-boat Flotilla, a training organization on 6 August 1941, before moving on to operations on 1 October 1941. U-404 carried out seven combat patrols, sinking 14 merchantmen and one warship for a total of over 71,450 gross register tons (GRT) and 1,120 tons during the Second World War. She also damaged two other ships. The submarine was a member of 13 wolfpacks and was visually identifiable by the particular paint scheme consisting of a prow of a Viking longboat painted in red paint on either side of the conning tower.
For his numerous successes, von Bülow received the Knight's Cross.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-404 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-404 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history
### First and second patrols

No ships were sunk during her first patrol which lasted from 17 January to 1 February 1942. U-404 sailed from the German port of Kiel; the only excitement she encountered was when a periscope was damaged in an air attack. The submarine sailed into Lorient in France, after 16 otherwise uneventful days.
On her second patrol, when she departed Lorient on 14 February 1942, U-404 had more success, sinking three ships off the eastern American coast. One of them, Lemuel Burrows, was close enough to land when she was sunk that the second engineer, who survived, reported that "the lights of a New Jersey beach resort doomed his vessel and that they would continue [the German U-boats] to cause daily torpedoings until a blackout is ordered along the coast." This situation was repeated many times due to American unpreparedness so soon after that country's entry into the war. Another was the unescorted San Demetrio sailing from Baltimore, Maryland, bound for the UK via Halifax, Nova Scotia with a cargo of 4,000 tons of alcohol and 7,000 tons of aviation spirit. She was northwest of Cape Charles, Virginia when torpedoed by U-404 on 17 March. 16 crew and three DEMS gunners were lost and six crew wounded but survivors managed to launch two lifeboats. Two days later the US tanker Beta rescued the Master, 26 crew and five DEMS gunners and took them to Norfolk, Virginia. The Master of San Demetrio was awarded a Lloyd's War Medal.
U-404 returned to Brest, also in France, on 4 April 1942.

### Third and fourth patrols

The achievements of her second patrol was repeated on her third, with the Operation Drumbeat submarine accounting for another four ships off the American coast in June 1942: The Yugoslavian Ljubica Matokovic on June 24, Manuda (United States) and Nordal (Panama) on the 25th, and Moldanger (Norway) on the 27th. This time she returned to St. Nazaire.
For her fourth sortie, she left St. Nazaire on 23 August 1942 and returned on 13 October, having spent 52 days at sea and sinking three more ships, including the W-Class Destroyer HMS Veteran in mid-Atlantic.

### Fifth and sixth patrols

It was a different story on her fifth patrol; she spent 44 fruitless days looking for targets, having departed St. Nazaire on 21 December 1942, returning on 6 February 1943.
Her sixth foray was better, she sank three ships, totaling 17,736 GRT.
On 25 April 1943, German radio erroneously broadcast that U-404 had torpedoed and sunk the aircraft carrier USS Ranger in the North Atlantic. No such sinking ever occurred; Ranger would survive the war and was sold for scrap in 1946.

### Seventh patrol and loss

U-404 left St. Nazaire with a new commander on 24 July 1943. Four days later, she was sent to the bottom with all hands, at position 45°53′N 09°25′W﻿ / ﻿45.883°N 9.417°W﻿ / 45.883; -9.417, due to the efforts and depth charges of three Liberator aircraft, two American and one British. They did not emerge from the action unscathed; all three planes lost an engine due to the accurate anti-aircraft fire from the U-boat.

### Wolfpacks

U-404 took part in 13 wolfpacks, namely:
* Schlei (21 – 24 January 1942)
* Hecht (8 – 11 May 1942)
* Pfadfinder (23 – 27 May 1942)
* Stier (29 August – 2 September 1942)
* Vorwärts (2 – 26 September 1942)
* Luchs (27 – 29 September 1942)
* Letzte Ritter (29 September – 1 October 1942)
* Falke (28 December 1942 – 19 January 1943)
* Landsknecht (19 – 28 January 1943)
* Without name (27 – 30 March 1943)
* Adler (7 – 13 April 1943)
* Meise (13 – 20 April 1943)
* Specht (21 – 25 April 1943)

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 5 March 1942 | Collamer | United States | 5,112 | Sunk |
| 13 March 1942 | Tolten | Chile | 1,858 | Sunk |
| 14 March 1942 | Lemuel Burrows | United States | 7,610 | Sunk |
| 17 March 1942 | San Demetrio | United Kingdom | 8,073 | Sunk |
| 30 May 1942 | Aloca Shipper | United States | 5,491 | Sunk |
| 1 June 1942 | West Notus | United States | 5,492 | Sunk |
| 3 June 1942 | Anna | Sweden | 1,345 | Sunk |
| 24 June 1942 | Ljubica Matokovic | Yugoslavia | 3,289 | Sunk |
| 25 June 1942 | Manuda | United States | 4,772 | sunk |
| 25 June 1942 | Nordal | Panama | 3,845 | sunk |
| 27 June 1942 | Moldanger | Norway | 6,827 | Sunk |
| 11 September 1942 | Marit II | Norway | 7,417 | Damaged |
| 12 September 1942 | Daghild | Norway | 9,272 | Damaged |
| 26 September 1942 | HMS Veteran (D72) | Royal Navy | 1,120 | Sunk |
| 29 March 1943 | Nagara | United Kingdom | 8,791 | Sunk |
| 30 March 1943 | Empire Bowman | United Kingdom | 7,031 | Sunk |
| 12 April 1943 | Lancastrian Prince | United Kingdom | 1,914 | Sunk |