# Te Rapa

Te Rapa is a mixed light industrial, large-scale retail and semi-rural suburb to the northwest of central Hamilton, New Zealand. It is built on a flat area that was previously the bed of an ancient river, the forerunner to the present Waikato River.
Stretching in a long, thin north–south axis, Te Rapa is home to many factories including Te Rapa Dairy Factory, one of the largest of its kind in the world.
Te Rapa has freight and locomotive depots on the North Island Main Trunk railway.

## History

Te Rapa and neighbouring Pukete were important sites for the kauri gum trade of the late 19th/early 20th centuries, being some of the southern-most locations where gum could be found.

## Demographics

Te Rapa covers 13.16 km$^2$ (5.08 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 410 as of June 2024, with a population density of 37 inhabitants per square kilometre (96/sq mi).
Te Rapa had a population of 294 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 12 people (−3.9%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 33 people (−10.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 102 households, comprising 171 males and 126 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.36 males per female, with 51 people (17.3%) aged under 15 years, 54 (18.4%) aged 15 to 29, 138 (46.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 45 (15.3%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 82.7% European/Pākehā, 21.4% Māori, 2.0% Pacific peoples, 8.2% Asian, and 1.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 15.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 51.0% had no religion, 33.7% were Christian, 1.0% were Hindu, 2.0% were Muslim and 3.1% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 45 (18.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 45 (18.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 30 people (12.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 132 (54.3%) people were employed full-time, 39 (16.0%) were part-time, and 6 (2.5%) were unemployed.
Te Rapa area unit had these census results
| Year | Population | Households | Median income | National median |
| 2001 | 291 | 96 | $19,700 | $18,500 |
| 2006 | 225 | 123 | $19,500 | $24,100 |
| 2013 | 339 | 222 | $24,200 | $27,900 |
| 2018 north | 180 | 63 | $29,400 | $31,800 |
| 2018 south | 114 | 36 | $37,300 | $31,800 |
For the 2018 census there were some boundary changes and north and south are shown above. For comparison, the equivalent 2013 populations were 186 (North) and 120 (South), which is 33 fewer than in the earlier area.
The median age at the 2013 census is high at 74.5 and income low, largely because 267 live in meshblock 0908100, where Metlifecare's Forest Lake Gardens Retirement Complex has been built since 2001 and the median age is 79 and income $23,300. In 2001 that meshblock had only 39 residents, with a median age of 34.5.

## Shops
### Post Offices

There are two Post Shops in Te Rapa, at The Base and at Video Ezy, which, until 2018, was one of the last two in Hamilton renting DVDs, Play Station and videos.

### The Base

Prior to being handed back to the Tainui tribe by the government as part of the Raupatu land settlement in 1995, Te Rapa was the site of a Royal New Zealand Air Force base. The base served as a major Air Force stores depot. The Te Rapa Air Force base closed in 1992.
Te Rapa's shopping area includes The Base, a large-scale retail development that opened in 2005 at the site of the former air force base. As of 2006, The Base contained the largest branch of The Warehouse in New Zealand. With the addition of the Te Awa building in 2010, The Base became New Zealand's largest shopping mall, and still is, as of December 2011.

## Fonterra Dairy Factory

One of Fonterra's largest dairy factories is to the east of the former SH1 in northern Te Rapa. It started to dry powder in 1967 and was officially opened on 20 April 1968 by New Zealand Co-operative Dairy Company, which became part of Fonterra in 2001. A butter, cream and cream cheese plant was added in 1997, another cream cheese line in 2013, and another butter line in about 2019.
It collects up to 7,500,000 L (1,600,000 imp gal; 2,000,000 US gal) of milk a day from 1,000 farms. It has around 500 staff, producing roughly 80,000 tonnes a year, including 650 million packets of butter and 33,500 tonnes of cream cheese.
Up to 28,000 m$^3$ (6,200,000 imp gal) of Waikato River water are used in the processing. It is powered by a cogeneration unit, which uses 27 PJ (7.5×10$^{15}$ mWh) of Genesis gas over 6 years. The chimneys are over 35 m (115 ft) high.

## Te Rapa Racecourse

Located in Te Rapa is Te Rapa Racecourse, Hamilton's only remaining horse racing course, and the main racecourse for the Waikato region. It has a symmetrical left-handed (anti-clockwise) track with a circumference of 1788 metres.
The course originated with Waikato Turf Club in 1873, which met at Whatawhata and Pirongia. In 1887 it became the South Auckland Racing Club at Claudelands, renamed Hamilton Racing Club in 1916 and moving to 400 acres (160 ha) at Te Rapa in 1924.
Facilities and hospitalities include a members' facility and private suites.
Major races held at the Te Rapa racecourse include:
* Waikato Cup over 2400m in early December.
* Waikato Sprint over 1400m in February.
* New Zealand International Stakes also known as the Herbie Dyke Stakes, a weight-for-age event over 2000m in February.

## Waterworld

Waterworld (also known as Te Rapa Pools) is a Hamilton city council-owned pool complex in Te Rapa. In addition to the main facilities, the venue also includes a range of other options including a spa, sauna and steam rooms as well as an outdoor playground. Rides offered at Waterworld include The Python Hydroslide, the Twister Slide and The Screamer Speedslides. The complex was officially opened in late 1976, 15 years after Hamilton Jaycees suggested a new swimming pool complex in Fairfield Park. The suggestion led to an adopted proposal in 1964 to mark the city's centennial and in 1973 the decision was made to instead build the complex in Te Rapa.

## Transport
### Road

Immediately after the invasion of the Waikato, in 1864, there was just a track across the area linking Mangaharakeke (or Manuharakeke) Pā and Kirikiriroa Pā. By 1870 bridges had been built over the streams. An 1875 report said the bridges at Waitawhiriwhiri, Mangaharakeke, Beere's Creek and Hall's Creek, between Ngāruawāhia and Hamilton on the Great South Road, had been replaced, or repaired. Until Mangaharakeke Dr opened in 2012, much of the 1860s road, now known as Te Rapa Rd, was part of SH1. See also - List of streets in Hamilton.

### Railway

Te Rapa railway station opened when the North Island Main Trunk was extended from Ngāruawāhia to Hamilton on 19 December 1877. Te Rapa is at the northern end of the section to Palmerston North, electrified in 1988. Electrification ends just north of the 545 km (339 mi) post (distance north of Wellington). A locomotive depot and marshalling yard incorporated the Racecourse station site. There is also a concrete sleeper factory at Te Rapa.

#### Te Rapa Racecourse station

£720 was spent to open Te Rapa Racecourse passenger platform, near the south-west end of the course, on 15 October 1924. The mileage to the middle of the Racecourse platform was reported as 82 mi 57 ch (133.1 km) in 1924 (Frankton Jct was 83 mi 77 ch (135.1 km) from Auckland in 1882, but that station was moved north in 1909). The first excursions seem to have been advertised for Labour Day, 27 October 1924. The last advert was in November 1943. In 1930 the line was double tracked and equipped with automatic signalling. Associated with that work, footbridge No 62A was built in 1929 (it was removed about 1963) and 10 ch (200 m) long landings were formed at rail level on both lines, with access to the back of the racecourse. By January 1935 horse loading banks had been completed. Approval to remove them was given in 1953, after being disused for years. Final closure was in late 1967. Aerial photos show that the site of the station, and an area to the north, was later used for the marshalling yard and then the locomotive and freight depot.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Te Rapa Line open Station reopened as Rotokauri in 2021 3 km (1.9 mi) | | North Island Main Trunk New Zealand Railways Department now KiwiRail | | Frankton Jct Line open, Hamilton Station open 1 mi 20 ch (2.0 km) |

#### Freight

On 1 April 2003 a container terminal opened, with overhead lines, for shunting by electric locomotives.

##### Crawford Street depot

Fonterra's Crawford St depot is linked by rail to local dairy factories at Te Awamutu, Morrinsville, Waitoa, Hautapu, Waharoa, Lichfield and Tīrau. It sends about 33,000 containers of milk powder and cheese a year for export via the Port of Tauranga. An automated cool store was added in 2009 to handle about 235,000 tonnes a year.

##### Te Rapa Marshalling Yard

Construction of a new marshalling yard near the Racecourse began in December 1967. The yard replaced Frankton goods yard and opened on 10 January 1971. It had a hump for shunting, which used Westinghouse retarders and 31 sidings.

## Education

Te Rapa School is a full primary school catering for years 1-8. It has 546 students. Te Rapa School has been the local primary school since 1906.
St Peter Chanel Catholic School is a state integrated full primary school catering for years 1-8. It has 296 students.
Both these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of November 2024.