# Bulgaria–Kosovo relations

Bulgaria–Kosovo relations refer to the bilateral relations of Bulgaria and Kosovo.

## Relations

Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and after an evenly split vote in the legislature, Bulgaria recognised it on 20 March 2008 despite objections from Russia. Bulgaria has an embassy in Pristina and Republic of Kosovo has opened its embassy in Sofia as of January 2010. Bulgaria–Kosovo relations extend beyond the formal recognition of Kosovo's independence in 2008. Over the years, these relations have evolved into a dynamic partnership involving political, economic, and cultural cooperation, underpinned by shared Euro-Atlantic aspirations.
Throughout the Middle Ages, Kosovo had been part of the vast Bulgarian Empire.

## Military

Bulgaria currently has 100 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO-led Kosovo Force. This military involvement is a testament to Bulgaria's commitment to regional security in the Western Balkans. Bulgaria's contributions are part of NATO's broader efforts to maintain a safe environment and ensure freedom of movement in Kosovo. Bulgarian soldiers often participate in joint exercises, reinforcing the country's role as a reliable NATO partner in ensuring peace

## ICJ

Bulgaria supported Kosovo at the International Court of Justice's oral debate on the legality of Kosovo's independence. Bulgaria emphasized that Kosovo's independence was not in violation of international law, arguing that the declaration did not breach United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 or principles of territorial integrity.
Bulgaria's position reflected its broader regional strategy of supporting stability and integration in the Western Balkans. Bulgarian representatives underscored the importance of Kosovo's independence as a step toward peace and progress in a historically conflict-prone region. This stance aligned with Bulgaria's commitment to fostering Kosovo's Euro-Atlantic aspirations.

## Political and Diplomatic Relations

Bulgaria has been a steadfast supporter of Kosovo's independence and its Euro-Atlantic integration. Bulgarian officials have consistently emphasized the importance of Kosovo's stability for the region and supported its inclusion in the European Union and NATO. For example, Bulgaria was instrumental in advocating for Kosovo during its presidency of the Council of the EU in 2018, pushing for greater attention to the Western Balkans in EU policies.
Both nations have exchanged high-level visits, reflecting mutual political support. In December 2023, President Vjosa Osmani-Sadriu highlighted Bulgaria's role in Kosovo's establishment and peacekeeping efforts, including its contributions to KFOR operations. These efforts have fostered trust and collaboration between the two countries.

## Economic Cooperation

Bilateral trade has shown steady growth, although obstacles such as visa restrictions for Kosovo citizens hinder more dynamic economic exchanges. Bulgaria sees Kosovo as a market with potential for Bulgarian investments, particularly following Kosovo's Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU. Kosovo's consistent 4% annual GDP growth has made it an attractive investment destination for Bulgarian companies. Economic ties between Bulgaria and Kosovo have been steadily strengthening, with mutual interest in enhancing trade and investments. Bulgaria views Kosovo as a key partner in the Western Balkans, particularly in industries like construction materials, food products, and energy. Kosovo's alignment with EU standards through its Stabilization and Association Agreement has facilitated trade and created new opportunities for Bulgarian companies.
Bulgaria also seeks to leverage its geographical proximity to Kosovo to promote cross-border economic activities and infrastructure projects. Trade fairs and business forums serve as platforms to connect entrepreneurs and identify investment opportunities. These efforts aim to boost bilateral trade and regional economic integration.

## Cultural and Tourism Links

Cultural ties are slowly developing, with increasing interest in tourism. Bulgarian ski resorts such as Bansko and Borovets attract Kosovar tourists, though visa requirements remain a significant hurdle. Kosovo also encourages Bulgarian tourists to explore its historical sites, aiming to increase cultural exchanges. Cultural and tourism relations between Bulgaria and Kosovo are gradually expanding, fostering better understanding and regional connectivity. Kosovo actively promotes its cultural heritage, including UNESCO-listed sites like the medieval monasteries of Dečani and Gračanica, to attract Bulgarian visitors. Similarly, Bulgaria's rich history and vibrant cultural festivals invite Kosovars to explore destinations beyond the popular ski resorts of Bansko and Borovets.
Joint cultural events and youth exchanges are being explored to deepen ties between the two nations. Despite challenges, such as visa restrictions, these initiatives reflect a shared commitment to strengthening people-to-people connections, enhancing mutual understanding, and contributing to the region's cultural vibrancy.

## Challenges and Future Outlook

Despite their proximity, Bulgaria and Kosovo face challenges such as limited public awareness about Kosovo within Bulgaria and bureaucratic hurdles affecting free movement and trade. However, initiatives like the proposed appointment of an honorary consul of Kosovo in Bulgaria aim to address these issues.
Looking forward, both countries are committed to deepening their partnership. Bulgaria continues to advocate for Kosovo's EU membership and greater regional integration, emphasizing mutual respect and cooperation in addressing regional and international challenges.