OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Lafaruug (1749)

The Battle of Lafaruug took place in 1749 when Abdi Eisa, the father of the first Isaaq sultan, Sultan Guled Abdi, led the Isaaq forces to victory over the Absame and Ogaden tribes near the town of Lafa-Ruug. This battle established the dominance of the Isaaq Clan in the region and marked the beginning of the Isaaq Sultanate a year later.

## Background

Abdi Eissa was an Isaaq leader, Religious Mullah and a Military leader for the Isaaq king at the time of the Tol jeclo dynasty named Boqor or King Harun dhuh Barar. Abdi rose to prominence after overthrowing the Tol Jeclo dynasty that had previously ruled the Isaaq clan. The last King from the Tol Jeclo dynasty, King Harun (nicknamed dhuux baraar) has been described as a very cruel man, which led to Abdi Eissa’s dissatisfaction with him. He organized a coalition of Isaaq clans to end the oppressive rule of the Tol Jeclo, positioning himself as a regent. In a show of humility, Abdi Eisa declined the leadership title for himself and instead installed his underage son Guled as the first sultan of the Isaaq clan in July 1750, acting as regent until Guled came of age.

## Battle

The battle was fought near the vicinity of Lafa-Ruug. Abdi Eisa’s leadership led to a decisive victory for the Isaaq forces. His ability to unify various Isaaq Subclans under a single cause was a key factor in their success.
It is said that the name “Lafa-ruug” is a reference to the harshness of the battle, where the absame tribes suffered heavy casualties.

## Aftermath

Following the battle, the Isaaq clan firmly established its dominance in the region. The leadership of the Isaaq clan transitioned into a hereditary sultanate under Sultan Guled. Abdi Eisa's coalition-building and strategic vision laid the groundwork for the establishment of the Isaaq Sultanate.
# Vjenceslav Novak

Vjenceslav Novak (11 September 1859 – 20 September 1905) was a Croatian Realist writer, dramatist, and music historian.

## Biography

Vjenceslav Novak grew up in Senj, where he graduated from elementary school and first two grades of gymnasium, from which he would graduate in Gospić. His father was of Czech origin. He moved to Senj before Vjenceslav was born to work as a merchant. He wanted this son to follow his footsteps, but business was of little interest to Vjenceslav.
Vjenceslav moved to Zagreb after graduating where he studied education in order to become a teacher. After finishing his studies, he moved back to Senj where he would spend the next two years working as a teacher. He later moved to Prague to study music, graduating in 1897. He returned to Zagreb that same year, where he taught musicology. Soon afterwards, he got a position as the main teacher at a gymnasium in Senj. Around this time, he experienced first symptoms of tuberculosis.
His literary career began in 1881. with a short story titled Maca ("The Cat"). He wrote about many subjects, including: musical symposia, dramas, critiques, poems, short stories and novels. In 1888, he published a Croatian musicology textbook.
Vjenceslav died on 20 September 1905 while preparing his manuscript for printing.

## Literary style

There are certain tropes inhibiting all of Vjenceslav's works. In his novels, he frequently portrays the existence and struggle of a working class who find themselves in all sorts of struggles. His prose was written during the realism literary movement in Croatia, depicting the people and society as it was in his time.

## Works

* Novels:
** Pavao Šegota
** Pod Nehajem
** Posljednji Stipančići (Matica hrvatska, 1899, Agram)
** Dva svijeta
** Tito Dorčić
** Nikola Baretić
# Alawmaphyu

Alawmapru Min (Arakanese:အလောမာဖြူ; was the founder of the Launggyet Dynasty of Arakan, a former state in Myanmar (Burma), who reigned from 1250 to 1256.

## Early life

The future king was born to Prince Nganalon (ငနုလုံး) and Princess Saw Shwe Nan (စောရွှေနန်း) of Second Parein Dynasty in the year 1227 CE.
He was born with albinism which the chronicles reporting the baby prince look pure whitish skin and his hair all grayed.

## Reign

Death of Nganalon, his father and he succeeded him and was determined to moved the capital to Launggyet which was permanently established in 1251 CE (613 ME).
His queen was Saw Thit-Shwe (စောသစ်ရွှေ), he died after reigning for 6 years and succeeded by son, Razathugyi in 1256.
# Thomas Madiou

Thomas Madiou (Port-au-Prince, April 30 1815-ibidem, May 25, 1884) was a Haitian historian. His work Histoire d'Haïti (English: History of Haiti) is the first complete history of Haiti from 1492 to 1846 (Madiou's present). It is considered one of the most valuable documents of Haitian history and literature.
Born in Port-au-Prince to "fairly affluent parents", Madiou left Haiti at the age ten to study in France at the Royal College of Angers (Collège Royal d'Angers). He later studied in Rennes, France and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Letters there. He then attended the Law School of Paris for two years before returning to Haiti. During his time in France, Madiou met Isaac Louverture, the son of Haiti's revolutionary hero Toussaint Louverture. This encounter supposedly sparked Madiou's interest in his country's past, and he returned to Haiti with the intention to write its history. Over a decade later, Madiou published three volumes covering Haiti's history from 1492 to 1807 with the Port-au-Prince publisher J. Courtois. A fourth volume (1843–46) appeared as part of Haiti's centennial in 1904. 150 years after the text's initial printing, the Haitian publishing house, Henri Deschamps, published the complete history, eight volumes spanning 1492 to 1846.
In Histoire d'Haïti, Madiou continued the work of earlier Haitian authors to combat racialized portrayals of Haiti's past, in particular the country's founding. He saw himself filling a crucial void by writing the first complete national history by a Haitian author. The history was valuable not only for Haitians but all members of the African Diaspora. To construct, his multi-volume history, Madiou relied heavily upon French written sources; however, he also recognized the importance of oral histories as a supplement to the written archive. He interviewed aging revolutionary veterans during his travels across the country with General Joseph Balthazar Inginac, the secretary-general for Haiti's longest serving nineteenth-century president, Jean-Pierre Boyer. His history tried to repair the reputation of the black leaders of the Haitian Revolution, especially Toussaint Louverture, portraying the struggle as a justified rebellion against the terrible oppression of slavery. This placed his work in contrast to the history written by Beaubrun Ardouin, appearing a few years after Madiou's, which tried to place the Haitian Revolution in the context of the other independence struggles in Latin America and deny it a class or racial character. Ardouin was trying to make Haiti fit into the community of nations in the Americas in the 1830s while Madiou was stressing what made Haiti unique.
In addition to his writing, Madiou served in various government positions, including director of the national high school and minister plenipotentiary to Spain. He also worked as Director of Le Moniteur, the official government publication, and was a contributor to Haiti's small but vibrant press.
# Wankdorfhalle

The Wankdorfhalle is an indoor sporting arena near the Stadion Wankdorf football stadium in Bern, Switzerland. The capacity of the arena is 3,100 people. It hosted some matches at the 2006 European Men's Handball Championship and the home games of BSV Bern Muri and Bern Capitals.
46°57′54″N 7°27′58″E﻿ / ﻿46.964919°N 7.466213°E﻿ / 46.964919; 7.466213
* This article about a Swiss sports venue is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Roy Curry

Roy Curry (born November 9, 1939) is an American former professional football player who played in six games for the 1963 Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Jackson State. He was also a member of the Joliet Chargers of the United Football League in 1964.
# Robert Day (Irish politician, born 1884)

Robert Day (22 November 1884 – 1 May 1949) was an Irish Labour Party politician and trade union official.
He was born in Cork City to night watchman John Day and Mary Hogan, one of at least six children. He worked as a laundry van man and was married in October 1912 to laundress Christina O'Connell.
He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork Borough constituency at the 1922 general election. He lost his seat at the 1923 general election.
He died on 1 May 1949 in Cork.
# Central District (Germi County)

The Central District of Germi County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان گرمی) is in Ardabil province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Germi.

## History

In 2020, Pain Barzand Rural District was separated from Angut District to join the Central District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 48,790 in 10,528 households. The following census in 2011 counted 47,449 people in 12,178 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 43,990 inhabitants living in 12,869 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Germi County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Ani RD | 6,251 | 5,421 | 4,364 |
| Ojarud-e Gharbi RD | 7,849 | 7,775 | 6,523 |
| Ojarud-e Markazi RD | 2,301 | 1,772 | 1,304 |
| Ojarud-e Shomali RD | 4,041 | 3,528 | 2,832 |
| Pain Barzand RD | | | |
| Germi (city) | 28,348 | 28,953 | 28,967 |
| Total | 48,790 | 47,449 | 43,990 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Clypeostoma

Clypeostoma is a genus of mostly small deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chilodontaidae.
Species in this genus were previously categorized under the genus Agathodonta Cossmann, 1918

## Species

Species within the genus Clypeostoma include:
* Clypeostoma adelon Vilvens, 2017
* Clypeostoma cancellatum (Schepman, 1908)
* Clypeostoma cecileae (Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006)
* Clypeostoma chranos Vilvens, 2017
* Clypeostoma elongatum (Vilvens, 2001)
* Clypeostoma meteorae (Neubert, 1998)
* Clypeostoma nortoni (McLean, 1984)
* Clypeostoma reticulatum Herbert, 2012
* Clypeostoma salpinx (Barnard, 1964)
* Clypeostoma townsendianum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
# Hamzah Khanlu

Hamzah Khanlu (Persian: حمزه خانلو) is a village in, and the capital of, Ojarud-e Markazi Rural District in the Central District of Germi County, Ardabil province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 161 in 32 households. The following census in 2011 counted 108 people in 29 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 68 people in 18 households.
# Victoria Bridge, Bath

Victoria Bridge in Bath, England, was built in 1836 across the River Avon. The bridge has been recognised as a Grade II* listed building.
Victoria Bridge is an important example of a suspension bridge which initially carried horses and carts but later carried cyclists and pedestrians.

## Construction

Victoria Bridge is a Dredge taper bridge, a type which modern viewers often see as a hybrid between a suspension bridge and a cable-stayed bridge, built by Motley and Dredge. It has a span of 45.7 metres (150 ft) with the chains slung from Bath stone towers. The road deck is joined to the chains by iron eyebars, which, unusually, are not vertical. James Dredge who was a brewer in Bath designed the bridge to carry beer from his brewery across the river without using a ferry or having to detour through the city centre. Construction cost £1,760. He patented the 'taper principle' based on using chains rather than cables, as is now more common in suspension bridges. Dredge's bridge design was considered "a very significant yet relatively short-lived phase in suspension bridge development".
The main span chains of Victoria Bridge have 155 links each of which is 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) long and supports two wrought iron hangers. The deck is made of wooden planks.
Initially the bridge was used for horse-drawn carts but later only carried bicycles and pedestrians.

## Closure and restoration

In October 2010 the bridge was closed to users, because of concerns about the safety of the beams and cables. This caused criticism from cycling groups in the city. It was reopened later in October 2010, but then closed again.
Further inspections were carried out by a structural engineer in September 2011. In November 2011 the tow-path was closed and then the navigation itself was closed to all boats. The bridge was listed on the Heritage at Risk Register.
Restoration costs were estimated at £3 million in 2011. Emergency work to prop up either side of the bridge and apply temporary strapping took place in November 2011. Full restoration work was originally planned to be completed by the winter of 2013.
Work on restoring the bridge started in 2014, and an internal structure was fitted to render both the bridge and the canal usable during restorations. The bridge was taken apart and rebuilt with additional steel reinforcing, and repainted dark green. It officially reopened on 15 January 2015.
# Netanel Ben Simon

Netanel Ben Simon (Hebrew: נתנאל בן סימון; born 26 May 1992) is an Israeli footballer. He plays as a left back for Ironi Nesher.

## Club career
### Beitar Jerusalem

Ben Simon made his debut with Beitar Jerusalem on 25 December 2011, of a league match against Hapoel Acre.

### Hapoel Jerusalem

In the winter transfers of 2013–14, Ben Simon joined Hapoel Jerusalem.

### Hapoel Migdal HaEmek

In September 2014 left Beitar Jerusalem and signed to Hapoel Migdal HaEmek. At Migdal HaEmek assisted 12 goals, and became important player at the club's squad.

### Hapoel Acre

On 19 August 2015 signed to Hapoel Acre.
# Antea (Parmigianino)

Antea (also known as Portrait of a Young Woman) is a painting by the Italian Mannerist artist Parmigianino. The painting is in the collection of the Museum of Capodimonte in Naples.

## History

The work is mentioned in 1671 as part of the Farnese collections in the Palazzo del Giardino. In the late 17th century, the painting was moved to the Ducal Gallery in the Palazzo della Pilotta in Parma. It has been in Naples since 1734, aside from a short period in 1816-1817 at Palermo. During World War II it was moved to Montecassino, where it was stolen by the occupying German forces and brought to Berlin, and then to the Austrian salt mines of Altaussee, from where it returned to Italy in 1945.
The subject of the painting remains largely a mystery. In 1671, Giacomo Barri, an artist and writer, referred to the woman as "Antea", the name of a famous 16th-century Roman courtesan, and stated she was the artist's mistress. This identification has long been contested. Studies of the woman's garments, a mix of luxury and popular elements, have led to the hypothesis that she could be either the artist's daughter, a lover, or a servant of Parmigianino, if not Pellegrina Rossi di San Secondo or another unknown noblewoman of Parma. Art historian Elizabeth Cropper has written about the painting in the context of the extensive Italian Renaissance discourse on the specific traits and qualities of ideal female beauty.

## Cultural references

The painting appears in the Gilmore Girls episode The Festival of Living Art, where Rory Gilmore portrays the subject of the painting.
# Clydestone Ghana

Clydestone Ghana is a Ghanaian information and communications technology company. They are listed on the stock index of the Ghana Stock Exchange, the GSE All-Share Index. Formed in June 1989, operates in the Area of Payment Systems - Cheque Truncation and ACH Systems, G-switch (Global Switch) a transaction processing company, G-secure an Issuer and Acquirer Authentication Platform for Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Union Pay International
# Mauro Coppolaro

Mauro Coppolaro (born 10 March 1997) is an Italian football player who played as centre-back for Serie B club Carrarese on loan from Modena.

## Club career
### Reggina

In 2014, Coppolaro was called up for Reggina first team. He made his league debut on 10 May 2014 against Brescia at Stadio Oreste Granillo which the match ended in a tie as 1-1. In this match, he played 7 minutes, after he was substituted for Daniel Adejo. He planted himself in the team by playing 5 games in a month.

### Udinese

In August 2014, he moved to Udinese for an undisclosed fee. There he played for two years with the Primavera team, in the youth under-19 national championship.

#### Latina (loan)

On 1 September 2016, Latina announced that Coppolaro was loaned to Latina until the end of 2016/17 Season. On 2 October 2016, he made professional debut for Latina against Cesena. He has played 6 games in a row.

### Virtus Entella

In 2019 Coppolaro joined Virtus Entella.

### Modena

On 6 August 2022, Coppolaro signed a two-year contract with Modena with an option to extend. On 14 July 2023, he was loaned to Carrarese for two seasons.

## International career

Coppolaro has represented his country at various age groups. On 19 October 2013, he was first called up and played for Italy U17 against Ukraine U17.
With the Italy U19 he took part at the 2016 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, playing five games in the tournament, Italy finishing the competition as a runners-up.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 15 March 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Reggina | 2013–14 | Serie B | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Udinese | 2014–15 | Serie A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Udinese | 2015–16 | Serie A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Udinese | 2016–17 | Serie A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Udinese | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Latina (loan) | 2016–17 | Serie B | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Brescia (loan) | 2017–18 | Serie B | 28 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 30 | 0 |
| Venezia (loan) | 2018–19 | Serie B | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Virtus Entella | 2019–20 | Serie B | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 25 | 0 |
| Virtus Entella | 2020–21 | Serie B | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 24 | 0 |
| Virtus Entella | 2021–22 | Serie C | 31 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 31 | 3 |
| Virtus Entella | Total | Total | 77 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 148 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 153 | 3 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Relegation Playoffs
# Ben Phillips (YouTuber)

Ben Phillips (born 1992 or 1993) is a Welsh YouTuber. He began uploading videos on Vine in 2013, gaining an online following with a series of clips featuring his son Harley. After leaving the platform in 2015, he has uploaded videos on Facebook and YouTube, primarily about pranks involving his friend Elliot Giles. Phillips went on a theatrical tour in 2016 and was given a prank-show pilot on Comedy Central in 2017. He also uploads videos to TikTok.

## Early and personal life

Before becoming a Viner, Phillips worked in his mother's shoe shop in Bridgend, Wales. He has a son called Harley.

## Career

Phillips set up his Vine account in August 2013 and initially uploaded videos of his three-year-old son Harley. He began a "Dr Harley" series in which his son gave out spoof medical advice. In February 2014, they were one of the top 5 viners in the United Kingdom with half a million followers. They were signed by social media agency GrapeStory which was co-founded by Jérôme Jarre. After he and his son's mother broke up, he began to make vines on his own and also upload videos to Facebook. The last vine he did with his son was a Ford Europe advert which he was paid £12,000 to make.
Phillips' team consisted of his friends and family who would give him ideas which he called "the Peter Andre model". In March 2015, a couple of days after being interviewed by Newsbeat and BuzzFeed News, he claimed his Vine account was hacked. Phillips moved to YouTube making videos primarily about pranking his friend Elliot Giles such as replacing his hair gel with superglue, putting Viagra in his sports drink and placing him in a lake whilst he was sleeping on an inflatable mattress. He said of Vine's closure in 2017 that "Vine just didn't keep with the creator and the influencer" and that "they lost sight of what Vine actually was. YouTube and Facebook have so much more to offer the creator now."
In 2016, he went on a theatrical tour in the United Kingdom, Australia and Asia and produced a movie featuring footage of the tour that was shown in cinemas in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. When asked about his following in Asia, he said that his philosophy was making his videos "universal so you didn't have to understand the language to get the videos". His slogan "sorry bro!" was the title of his book published in 2016. In 2017, he was given a prank show pilot on Comedy Central titled Ben Phillips Blows Up.
In 2019, a video by Phillips in which Giles is blindfolded on a railway line as part of a Bird Box challenge was investigated by police. The British Transport Police said that Giles was "quite literally playing a game of life and death". In February 2021, YouTuber Jake Paul told Forbes that he had discussed creating a cryptocurrency with Phillips. In February 2022, Phillips and Paul were named in a class-action lawsuit against SafeMoon, a cryptocurrency they had promoted, which claimed they were involved in a "pump and dump" scheme.
# Constantine II

Constantine II may refer to:
* Constantine II (emperor) (317–340), Roman Emperor 337–340
* Constantine III (usurper) (died 411), known as Constantine II of Britain in British legend
* Patriarch Constantine II of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople from 754 to 766
* Antipope Constantine II (died 768), antipope from 767 to 768
* Constantine II of Scotland (c.878 – 952), King of Scotland 900–942 or 943
* Constantine II, Prince of Armenia (died 1129)
* Constantine II of Cagliari (c. 1100 – 1163)
* Constantine II of Torres (died 1198), called de Martis, was the giudice of Logudoro
* Constantine II the Woolmaker (died 1322), Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church
* Constantine II, King of Armenia (died 1344), first Latin King of Armenian Cilicia of the Lusignan dynasty
* Constantine II of Bulgaria (early 1370s–1422), last emperor of Bulgaria 1396–1422.
* Eskender (1471–1494), Emperor of Ethiopia sometimes known as Constantine II
* Constantine II of Georgia (c. 1447 – 1505)
* Constantine II, Prince of Mukhrani (died 1716), Georgian nobleman
* Constantine II of Kakheti (died 1732), King of Kakheti 1722–1732
* Constantine II of Greece (1940–2023), Olympic champion (1960) and formerly King of the Hellenes March 6, 1964 – June 1, 1973
# Electromagnetic interference control

In Electrical systems, such as telecommunications, power electronics, industrial electronics, power engineering; electromagnetic interference (EMI) control is the control of radiated and conducted energy such that emissions that are unnecessary for system, subsystem, or equipment operation are reduced, minimized, or eliminated.
Note: Electromagnetic radiated and conducted emissions are controlled regardless of their origin within the system, subsystem, or equipment. Successful EMI control with effective susceptibility control leads to electromagnetic compatibility.