# Hawaii's 1st congressional district

Hawaii's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The district is entirely on the island of Oahu, encompassing the urban areas of the City and County of Honolulu, a consolidated city-county that includes Oahu's central plains and southern shores, including the towns of Aiea, Mililani, Pearl City, Waipahu, and Waimalu. The district is smaller and more densely populated than the 2nd congressional district (which comprises the rest of the state). It is represented by Democrat Ed Case.

## History

When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large representative to Congress, pending the next United States census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. census, Hawaii gained a second U.S. representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its representatives at large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962, and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. representatives on January 2, 1963, upon the convening of the 88th Congress.
The 1st congressional district was created in 1971, when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing at-large representatives statewide.

## Recent election results from statewide races

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2008 | President | Obama 70% – 28% |
| 2012 | President | Obama 71% – 29% |
| 2016 | President | Clinton 63% – 30% |
| 2016 | Senate | Schatz 74% – 22% |
| 2018 | Senate | Hirono 70% – 30% |
| 2018 | Governor | Ige 64% – 32% |
| 2020 | President | Biden 64% – 34% |
| 2022 | Senate | Schatz 72% – 26% |
| 2022 | Governor | Green 64% – 36% |
| 2024 | President | Harris 62% – 37% |
| 2024 | Senate | Hirono 65% – 32% |

## Composition

For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:
Honolulu County (20)
    East Honolulu, East Kapolei, 'Ewa Beach, 'Ewa Gentry, 'Ewa Villages, Hālawa, Hickam Housing, Honolulu, Iroquois Point, Kalaeloa (part; also 2nd), Mililani Mauka, Ocean Pointe, Pearl City, Waikāne, Waikele, Waimalu, Waipahu, Waipi'o, Waipi'o Acres, West Loch Estate

## List of members representing the district

District established following the 91st Congress.
| Member | Party | Years | Con- gress | Electoral history | District map |
| District created January 3, 1971 ||||||
| Spark Matsunaga (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977 | 92nd 93rd 94th | Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. | 1971–1981 |
| Cecil Heftel (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1977 – July 11, 1986 | 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th | Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 1971–1981 |
| Cecil Heftel (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1977 – July 11, 1986 | 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th | Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 1981–1983 |
| Cecil Heftel (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1977 – July 11, 1986 | 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th | Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 1983–1993 |
| Vacant | Vacant | July 11, 1986 – September 20, 1986 | 99th | | 1983–1993 |
| Neil Abercrombie (Honolulu) | Democratic | September 20, 1986 – January 3, 1987 | 99th | Elected to finish Heftel's term. Lost renomination. | 1983–1993 |
| Pat Saiki (Honolulu) | Republican | January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1991 | 100th 101st | Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. | 1983–1993 |
| Neil Abercrombie (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1991 – February 28, 2010 | 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th | Elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 1983–1993 |
| Neil Abercrombie (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1991 – February 28, 2010 | 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th | Elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 1993–2003 |
| Neil Abercrombie (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1991 – February 28, 2010 | 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th | Elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 2003–2013 |
| Vacant | Vacant | February 28, 2010 – May 22, 2010 | 111th | | 2003–2013 |
| Charles Djou (Honolulu) | Republican | May 22, 2010 – January 3, 2011 | 111th | Elected to finish Abercrombie's term. Lost re-election. | 2003–2013 |
| Colleen Hanabusa (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2015 | 112th 113th | Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. | 2003–2013 |
| Colleen Hanabusa (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2015 | 112th 113th | Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. | 2013–2023 |
| Mark Takai (Aiea) | Democratic | January 3, 2015 – July 20, 2016 | 114th | Elected in 2014. Announced retirement, then died. | 2013–2023 |
| Vacant | Vacant | July 20, 2016 – November 14, 2016 | 114th | | 2013–2023 |
| Colleen Hanabusa (Honolulu) | Democratic | November 14, 2016 – January 3, 2019 | 114th 115th | Elected to finish Takai's term. Elected to full term in 2016. Retired to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 2013–2023 |
| Ed Case (Kāne'ohe) | Democratic | January 3, 2019 – present | 116th 117th 118th 119th | Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2013–2023 |
| Ed Case (Kāne'ohe) | Democratic | January 3, 2019 – present | 116th 117th 118th 119th | Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2023–present |

## Election results
### 1970

United States House of Representatives elections, 1970 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Spark Matsunaga | 85,411 | 72.89 |
| | Republican | Richard K. Cockey | 31,764 | 27.11 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 117,175 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) |

### 1972

United States House of Representatives elections, 1972 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Spark Matsunaga (incumbent) | 73,826 | 54.70 |
| | Republican | Fred W. Rohlfing | 61,138 | 45.30 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 134,964 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1974

United States House of Representatives elections, 1974 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Spark Matsunaga (incumbent) | 71,552 | 59.32 |
| | Republican | William B. Paul | 49,065 | 40.68 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 120,617 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1976

United States House of Representatives elections, 1976 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Cecil Heftel | 60,050 | 43.64 |
| | Republican | Fred W. Rohlfing | 53,745 | 39.06 |
| | Independents for Godly Government | Kathy Joyce Hoshijo | 23,807 | 17.30 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 137,602 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1978

United States House of Representatives elections, 1978 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Cecil Heftel (incumbent) | 84,552 | 73.26 |
| | Republican | William D. Spillane | 24,470 | 21.20 |
| | Libertarian | Peter David Larsen | 4,295 | 3.72 |
| | Aloha Democratic Party | Debra Figueroa | 2,095 | 1.82 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 115,412 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1980

United States House of Representatives elections, 1980 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Cecil Heftel (incumbent) | 98,256 | 79.77 |
| | Republican | Aloma Keen Noble | 19,819 | 16.09 |
| | Libertarian | Rockne H. Johnson | 5,106 | 4.14 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 123,181 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1982

United States House of Representatives elections, 1982 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Cecil Heftel (incumbent) | 134,779 | 89.91 |
| | Libertarian | Rockne H. Johnson | 15,128 | 10.09 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 149,907 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1984

United States House of Representatives elections, 1984 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Cecil Heftel (incumbent) | 114,884 | 82.73 |
| | Republican | Will Beard | 20,608 | 14.84 |
| | Libertarian | Christopher Winter | 3,373 | 2.43 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 138,865 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1986 (Special)

Hawaii's 1st congressional district special election, 1986 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie | 42,031 | 29.88 |
| | Republican | Pat Saiki | 41,067 | 29.20 |
| | Democratic | Mufi Hannemann | 39,800 | 28.30 |
| | Democratic | Steve Cobb | 16,721 | 11.89 |
| | Democratic | Louis Agard | 566 | 0.40 |
| | Nonpartisan candidate | Blase Harris | 460 | 0.33 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 140,645 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1986

United States House of Representatives elections, 1986 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Pat Saiki | 99,683 | 59.20 |
| | Democratic | Mufi Hannemann | 63,061 | 37.45 |
| | Libertarian | Blase Harris | 5,633 | 3.35 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 168,377 | 100.0 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

### 1988

United States House of Representatives elections, 1988 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Pat Saiki (incumbent) | 96,848 | 54.71 |
| | Democratic | Mary Bitterman | 76,394 | 43.16 |
| | Libertarian | Blase Harris | 3,778 | 2.13 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 177,020 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 1990

United States House of Representatives elections, 1990 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie | 97,622 | 60.00 |
| | Republican | Mike Liu | 62,982 | 38.71 |
| | Libertarian | Roger Lee Taylor | 2,107 | 1.29 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 162,711 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

### 1992

United States House of Representatives elections, 1992 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 129,332 | 72.87 |
| | Republican | Warner Sutton | 41,575 | 23.43 |
| | Libertarian | Rockne H. Johnson | 6,569 | 3.70 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 177,476 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1994

United States House of Representatives elections, 1994 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 94,754 | 53.62 |
| | Republican | Orson Swindle | 76,623 | 43.36 |
| | Best Party of Hawaii | Alexandria Kaan | 2,815 | 1.59 |
| | Libertarian | Roger Lee Taylor | 2,514 | 1.42 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 176,706 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1996

United States House of Representatives elections, 1996 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 86,732 | 50.37 |
| | Republican | Orson Swindle | 80,053 | 46.49 |
| | Nonpartisan | Mark Duering | 4,126 | 2.40 |
| | Natural Law | Nick Bedworth | 1,295 | 0.75 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 172,206 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1998

United States House of Representatives elections, 1998 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 116,693 | 61.56 |
| | Republican | Gene Ward | 68,905 | 36.34 |
| | Natural Law | Nick Bedworth | 3,973 | 2.10 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 189,571 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2000

United States House of Representatives elections, 2000 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 108,517 | 69.03 |
| | Republican | Phil Meyers | 44,989 | 28.62 |
| | Libertarian | Jerry Murphy | 3,688 | 2.35 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 157,194 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2002

United States House of Representatives elections, 2002 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 131,673 | 72.86 |
| | Republican | Mark Terry | 45,032 | 24.92 |
| | Libertarian | James H. Bracken | 4,028 | 2.23 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 180,733 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2004

United States House of Representatives elections, 2004 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 128,567 | 62.97 |
| | Republican | Dalton Tanonaka | 69,371 | 33.98 |
| | Libertarian | Elyssa Young | 6,243 | 3.06 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 204,181 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2006

United States House of Representatives elections, 2006 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 112,904 | 69.35 |
| | Republican | Richard (Noah) Hough | 49,890 | 30.65 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 162,794 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2008

United States House of Representatives elections, 2008 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Neil Abercrombie (incumbent) | 154,181 | 77.14 |
| | Republican | Steve Tataii | 38,104 | 19.06 |
| | Libertarian | Li Zhao | 7,591 | 3.80 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 199,876 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2010 (Special)

Hawaii's 1st congressional district special election, 2010 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Djou | 67,610 | 39.44 |
| | Democratic | Colleen Hanabusa | 52,802 | 30.80 |
| | Democratic | Ed Case | 47,391 | 27.65 |
| | No party | 11 others | 1,682 | 0.99 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 171,417 | 100.0 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

### 2010

United States House of Representatives elections, 2010 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Colleen Hanabusa | 94,140 | 53.23 |
| | Republican | Charles Djou (incumbent) | 82,723 | 46.77 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 176,863 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |

### 2012

United States House of Representatives elections, 2012 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Colleen Hanabusa (incumbent) | 116,505 | 53.47 |
| | Republican | Charles Djou | 96,824 | 44.44 |
| | | Blank Votes | 4,467 | 2.05 |
| | | Over Votes | 80 | 0.04 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 217,876 | 100 |

### 2014

United States House of Representatives elections, 2014 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Mark Takai | 93,390 | 51.2 |
| | Republican | Charles Djou | 86,454 | 47.4 |
| | | Blank Votes | 2,366 | 1.3 |
| | | Over Votes | 58 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 182,268 | 100 |

### 2016 (Special)

Hawaii's 1st Congressional District (Vacancy) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Colleen Hanabusa | 129,083 | 60.45 |
| | Republican | Shirlene D. (Shirl) Ostrov | 44,090 | 20.65 |
| | Democratic | Angela Aulani Kaaihue | 5,885 | 2.76 |
| | Libertarian | Alan J.K. Yim | 5,559 | 2.60 |
| | Democratic | Kim Howard | 4,259 | 1.99 |
| | Democratic | Peter Cross | 3,420 | 1.60 |
| | Independent | Calvin Griffin | 2,824 | 1.32 |
| | Democratic | Javier Ocasio | 1,893 | 0.89 |
| | Independent | Yvonne Perry | 1,050 | 0.49 |
| | Independent | Peter H. Plotzeneder | 328 | 0.15 |
| | | Blank votes | 14,864 | 6.96 |
| | | Over votes | 276 | 0.14 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 213,531 | 100 |

### 2016

Hawaii's 1st Congressional District, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Colleen Hanabusa | 145,417 | 68.09 |
| | Republican | Shirlene D. (Shirl) Ostrov | 45,958 | 21.52 |
| | Libertarian | Alan J.K. Yim | 6,601 | 3.09 |
| | Independent | Calvin Griffin | 4,381 | 2.05 |
| | | Blank votes | 11,013 | 5.16 |
| | | Over votes | 161 | 0.08 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 213,558 | 100 |

### 2018

Hawaii's 1st congressional district, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ed Case | 134,650 | 73.1 |
| | Republican | Campbell Cavasso | 42,498 | 23.1 |
| | Libertarian | Michelle Tippens | 3,498 | 1.9 |
| | Green | Zach Burd | 2,214 | 1.2 |
| | Nonpartisan (United States) | Calvin Griffin | 1,351 | 0.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 184,211 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2020

Hawaii's 1st congressional district, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ed Case (incumbent) | 183,245 | 72.02 |
| | Republican | Ron Curtis | 71,188 | 27.98 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 254,433 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2022

Hawaii's 1st congressional district, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ed Case (incumbent) | 142,742 | 73.7 |
| | Republican | Conrad Kress | 50,833 | 26.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 193,575 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |