OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1260s BC

The 1260s BC is a decade which lasted from 1269 BC to 1260 BC.

## Events and trends

* c. 1263 BC—Ramses II, king of ancient Egypt, and Hattusilis III, king of the Hittites, sign the earliest known peace treaty.
* 1263 BC—The approximate date traditionally offered for the biblical Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.
# 1590s BC

The 1590s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1599 BC to December 31, 1590 BC.

## Events and trends

* ca. 1595 BC—Mursili I, king of the Hittites, sacks Babylon. This brings an end to the rule of the descendants of Hammurabi in that kingdom.

## Significant people

* 1597 BC—Aaron born to Amram and his wife Jochebed (traditional date)
# 1160s BC

The 1160s BC is a decade which lasted from 1169 BC to 1160 BC.

## Events and trends

* 1166 BC—The start of the Discordian calendar and within Discordianism the date of the Curse of Greyface.
* 1162 BC—The statue of Marduk is taken from Babylon by Elamite conquerors.
* 1160 BC—Ancient Nubia regains independence from Egypt, after long having served as its vice-royalty since its annexation by Pharaoh Ahmose I.

## Significant people

* Ramesses V, Egyptian pharaoh
* Ashur-resh-ishi I, king of Assyria, is born (approximate date).
* Ramesses IX, pharaoh of Egypt, is born (approximate date).
* Ramesses VII, pharaoh of Egypt, is born (approximate date).
# Giovanni Antonio Gallo

Giovanni Antonio Gallo (died 1543) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of the Bishop of Calvi Risorta from 1519 to 1543.

## Biography

Gallo was appointed Bishop of the Bishop of Calvi Risorta by Pope Leo X on August 9, 1519. He served until his death in 1543.
# Indian Communist Party

The Indian Communist Party was a small communist group in India, led by U. Krishnappa from Karnataka. In May 1985 ICP merged into the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist).
# Slavonski Šamac

Slavonski Šamac is a village and municipality located on the river Sava in Croatia. It is located in Brod-Posavina county in the region of Slavonia. On the opposite side of the river lies the Bosnian town of Šamac. Slavonski Šamac is located on the D7 road, a part of the European route E73.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the municipality had a population of 2,169 with 996 in the settlement of Slavonski Šamac itself.
The municipality consists of two settlements:
* Kruševica, population 1,173
* Slavonski Šamac, population 996
# Narrow gauge railway at Camp A. A. Humphreys

The narrow gauge railway at Camp A. A. Humphreys was a 20 miles (32 km) long 2 ft (610 mm) gauge military railway at what is now Fort Belvoir, Virginia .

## History

In 1918, the AA Humphreys camp was set-up in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. It was named after Brigadier General Andrew Atkinson Humphreys, who served during the civil war in the Union Army and later as the Chief of the engineers of the army before he died in 1883. It was an important training camp for pioneers and other soldiers who learned to build roads, railroads, bridges and trenches.
Beginning in the first half of 1918, a 20 miles (32 km) long narrow gauge line was built there. 15 miles (24 km) of track ran between the pier at the Potomac River and Camp Humphreys.
The light rails of a narrow-gauge railway could be laid quickly and, if necessary, quickly dismantled. The 5 metres (16 ft) long prefabricated sections of the flying track weighing 100 kilograms (220 lb) could be carried and laid by only two soldiers. Because of the small gauge, smaller radii could be used than with standard gauge railways.
From March 1918 until the end of the war on 11 November 1918, hundreds of soldiers and engineers learned how to construct and operate a narrow-gauge railway. They trained to lay tracks, to build railway bridges and to operate the small steam and gasoline locomotives. Many narrow-gauge railways were used by American troops in the international war theater to transport supplies, ammunition and building materials as well as casualties and the wounded. Similar narrow gauge railways were located in Fort Benning, Georgia, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, and Fort Dix, New Jersey.
Around 1920, the narrow gauge railway tracks of Camp Humphreys were lifted and fell into oblivion. After the war, some of the locomotives and wagons of Camp Humphreys and other forts were re-used in mining operations and plantations around the world rather than being scrapped.
# Greater Middle East

The Greater Middle East is a geopolitical term introduced in March 2004 in a paper published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace as part of the United States' preparatory work for the Group of Eight summit of June 2004. The paper presented a proposal for sweeping change in the way the West deals with the Middle East and North Africa. It also denotes a vaguely defined region encompassing the Arab world, along with Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, and sometimes the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Adam Garfinkle of the Foreign Policy Research Institute defined the Greater Middle East as the MENA region together with the Caucasus and Central Asia.
The future of the Greater Middle East has sometimes been referred to as the "new Middle East", first so by US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who presented the second-term Bush administration's vision for the region's future in June 2006 in Dubai. Rice said it would be achieved through "constructive chaos", a phrase she repeated a few weeks later during a joint press conference with Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert when the 2006 Lebanon War had broken out; the meaning of this phrase and the Bush administration's vision have been much debated since. The efforts to achieve this new Middle East are sometimes called "The Great Middle East Project".
Former US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski stated that a "political awakening" is taking place in this region which may be an indicator of the multipolar world that is now developing. He alluded to the Greater Middle East as the "Global Balkans", and as a control lever on an area he refers to as Eurasia. According to Andrew Bacevich's 2016 book America's War for the Greater Middle East, this region is the theater for a series of conflicts dating back to 1980, which heralded the start of the Iran–Iraq War.

## History

The rise of Islam in the regions peripheral to Europe, notably peaking with the 1453 fall of Constantinople, led to Europeans considering themselves a Christendom isolated from the broader world by the 15th century.
# Leonard H. Lavin

Leonard H. Lavin (October 29, 1919 – August 2, 2017) was an American businessman, racehorse owner and breeder, and philanthropist, who, in 1955 founded the Alberto-Culver Company. He served as chairman emeritus of the company and was a director of the international manufacturer/distributor of personal care and household/grocery products. Lavin was also a director of Histogen, a regenerative medicine company based in San Diego, California.

## Background

Lavin studied at the University of Washington, then served in the US Navy for four years. In 1947, he married Bernice Weiser (1925–2007), who went on to become an executive of Alberto-Culver and played an important part in the company's success.

## Philanthropy

Among their philanthropic activities is the Bernice and Leonard H. Lavin Endowed Scholarship for Inner City Chicagoland Students at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois, the Lavin VentureStart programs in the Entrepreneurial Management Center at San Diego State University, and the Leonard and Bernice Lavin Entrepreneurship Program at the University of Washington.

## Thoroughbred racing

Since the 1960s, Lavin was involved in horse racing. He owned Glen Hill Farm in Ocala, Florida, where he bred Thoroughbreds. In 1994 he was voted the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association's Florida Breeder of the Year award. Among his best-known horses are Relaunch, an outstanding sire whose daughter One Dreamer won the 1994 Breeders' Cup Distaff, In 2015, he was awarded the Eclipse Award Of Merit, a lifetime achievement award.
Lavin is the author of Winners Make It Happen: Reflections of a Self-Made Man.

## Awards

Lavin was inducted as a laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the state's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 1997 in the area of business and industry.

## Death

He died in August 2017 at the age of 97 from complications of pneumonia.
# Paridea

Paridea is a genus of skeletonizing leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are more than 80 described species in Paridea. They are found in Indomalaya and the Palearctic.

## Species

These 62 species, among others, belong to the genus Paridea:
* Paridea angulicollis (Motschulsky, 1853)
* Paridea avicauda (Laboissiere, 1930)
* Paridea bengalica Medvedev & Samoderzhenkov, 1998
* Paridea bhutanensis Kimoto, 1977
* Paridea bifurcata Jacoby, 1892
* Paridea biplagiata (Fairmaire, 1889)
* Paridea brachycornuta Yang, 1993
* Paridea breva Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963
* Paridea costallifera Yang, 1991
* Paridea costata (Chujo, 1935)
* Paridea crenata Yang, 1993
* Paridea cyanea Yang in Yang, 1992
* Paridea cyanipennis (Chujo, 1935)
* Paridea darjeelingensis Takizawa, 1990
* Paridea dohertyi (Maulik, 1936)
* Paridea epipleuralis (Chen, 1942)
* Paridea euryptera Yang, 1991
* Paridea fasciata Laboissiere, 1932
* Paridea flavipennis (Laboissiere, 1930)
* Paridea flavipoda Yang, 1991
* Paridea foveipennis Jacoby, 1892
* Paridea fujiana Yang, 1991
* Paridea fulva Kimoto, 1977
* Paridea fusca Yang, 1991
* Paridea glyphea Yang, 1993
* Paridea grandifolia Yang, 1991
* Paridea hirtipes Chen & Jiang, 1981
* Paridea houjayi Lee & Bezděk, 2014
* Paridea kaoi Lee & Bezděk, 2014
* Paridea lateralis Medvedev & Samoderzhenkov, 1989
* Paridea libita Yang, 1991
* Paridea livida Duvivier, 1892
* Paridea mimica Medvedev & Samoderzhenkov, 1998
* Paridea monticola (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963)
* Paridea nepalica Medvedev & Samoderzhenkov, 1998
* Paridea nigra Yang, 1992
* Paridea nigricaudata Yang, 1991
* Paridea nigrimaculata Yang, 1991
* Paridea nigrimarginata Yang, 1991
* Paridea nigrocephala (Laboissiere, 1930)
* Paridea octomaculata (Baly, 1886)
* Paridea oculata Laboissiere, 1930
* Paridea pallida Bryant, 1954
* Paridea perplexa (Baly, 1879)
* Paridea plauta Yang, 1991
* Paridea quadrimaculata Kimoto, 2004
* Paridea recava Yang, 1991
* Paridea ruficollis Jacoby, 1892
* Paridea sancta Yang, 1991
* Paridea sauteri (Chûjô, 1935)
* Paridea sexmaculata (Laboissiere, 1930)
* Paridea sichuana Yang, 1991
* Paridea sikkimia Laboissiere, 1932
* Paridea sinensis (Laboissiere, 1930)
* Paridea taiwana (Chûjô, 1935)
* Paridea terminata Yang, 1991
* Paridea testacea (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963)
* Paridea tetraspilota (Hope, 1831)
* Paridea transversofaciata (Laboissiere, 1930)
* Paridea tuberculata (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963)
* Paridea unifasciata Jacoby, 1892
* Paridea yunnana Yang, 1991
# Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran

Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran (Persian: انجمن اسلامی پزشکان ایران) is an Iranian principlist political party affiliated with the Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader.

## Members

* Shahab od-Din Sadr
* Ali Akbar Velayati
* Abbas Sheibani
* Mohammad-Karim Shahrzad
* Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi
# Salvador Miranda (historian)

Salvador Miranda (October 18, 1939 – June 1, 2024) was an American bibliographer, librarian and church historian.

## Biography

Miranda was born on October 18, 1939, in Havana, Cuba. In 1958, he graduated from the Jesuit-run Colegio de Belén in Havana after which he attended the law school at the University of Havana. After the Cuban Revolution in 1963, he moved to Puerto Rico to study humanities at the University of Puerto Rico. As a young Cuban exile, he was a member of the Cuban-American expeditionary force in the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. He then returned to school graduating with a B.A. in History and Philosophy from Biscayne College; an M.A. in Modern European History in 1974 from Villanova University; and an M.S. in Library and Information Science in 1976 from Florida State University. After graduating from Florida State, he accepted a position as the Latin American and Caribbean Bibliographer at the University of Florida Libraries in Gainesville. In 1986, he served as assistant director for Collection Management at Florida International University Libraries in Miami. On June 30, 2001, he retired.
The title of his 319-page master's thesis in history was The Sacred College of Cardinals in the Twentieth Century (1903-1973): Developments, Documents and Biographies which he expanded to include earlier cardinals and then digitized, making it available as an online resource. In appreciation of his research, Bishop Cipriano Calderón Polo, the founding director of the Spanish edition of the Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano and the vice president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, whom he corresponded with for years over the history of the episcopacy, invited him to present at the first continental meeting of bishops from Latin America in 1999.
His research and expertise has been used as a resource by various publications including The New York Times, The Cleveland Plain Dealer, Religion News Service, La Stampa, and The Wall Street Journal.
On 28 June 2023, Miranda posted on The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church's main page that he had been hospitalized with cardiac issues. He died on June 1, 2024, at the age of 84.

## Works

* The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, A digital resource created and produced by Salvador Miranda, consisting of the biographical entries of the cardinals from 492 to 2015 and of the events and documents concerning the origin of the Roman cardinalate and its historical evolution (in English)
* Episcopologio de la Iglesia Católica en Cuba, an online accessible directory of the Roman Catholic bishops of Cuba (in Spanish)
# Islamic Society of Athletes

Islamic Society of Athletes (Persian: جامعه اسلامی ورزشکاران) is an Iranian principlist political party affiliated with the Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader.

## Notable members

* Hassan Ghafourifard, former head of Physical Education Organization
* Mahmoud Mashhoon, chairman of Basketball Federation of Iran
* Mostafa Mirsalim, chairman of Lifesaving and Underwater Diving Federation of Iran
* Mohammad-Reza Rahimi, former chairman of Amateur Athletics Federation of Iran
* Eidi Alijani, former deputy of Asian Athletics Association
* Amir-Ahmad Mozaffari, deputy of Physical Education Organization
* Ahmad Nateq-Noori, chairman of Boxing Federation of Iran
# Jamileh Kadivar

Jamileh Kadivar (Persian: جمیله کدیور) is an Iranian politician and a former member of parliament.

## Biography

Kadivar was born in Fasa, a town near Shiraz in southern Iran. She attended school in Shiraz until she was 16 years old, when she moved to Tehran to get married. Her spouse is former Minister of Culture of Iran Ata'ollah Mohajerani and they have four children. Her brother is well-known Muslim scholar Mohsen Kadivar. She was one of the attendees of the Berlin conference and in November 2000 went on trial for taking part in anti-government and anti-Islamic activities.
# Nashville Subdivision

The Nashville Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The line runs from Brentwood, Tennessee, to Columbia, Tennessee, for a total of 30.8 miles. At its north end the line continues south from the Nashville Terminal Subdivision and at its south end it continues south as the Tennessee Southern Railroad.
# Nebraska Midland Railroad

The Nebraska Midland Railroad was a narrow gauge steam line that was established in 1973 in North Platte, Nebraska. It operated only one year of passenger service there before having to look for a new base due to not being able to obtain the needed right of way. It then relocated to Stuhr Museum in Grand Island, Nebraska and operated at least through the 1980s. It used a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge 2-8-0 Baldwin steam engine that had originally run on the White Pass and Yukon Route. In 2001 Locomotive #69 was sold back to WP&Y & in 2008 it was restored to run again.
# Sheepeater Indian War

The Big Horned Sheepeater Indian War of 1879 was the last Indian war fought in the Pacific Northwest portion of the United States; it took place primarily in central Idaho. A high mountain band of approximately 300 Shoshone people, the Tukudeka were known as the "Big Horned" Game Hunters as Rocky Mountain sheep were a main staple of their food, clothing and tools. At the time, they were the last tribe living traditionally on the American Rocky Mountains. The Tukudeka became part of the Salmon Eater Shoshones after the war.

## Background

Leading up to the war, European-American settlers accused the Shoshone of stealing horses in Indian Valley and killing three settlers near present-day Cascade, Idaho during the pursuit. In August, the Shoshone were accused of killing two prospectors in an ambush at Pearsall Creek, five miles from Cascade. By February 1879 they were accused of the murders of five Chinese miners at Oro Grande, murders at Loon Creek, and finally the murders of two ranchers in the South Fork of the Salmon River in May, accusations for which there was no evidence.

## Campaign

United States troops were called into action based on the settlers' complaints. Heading the campaign against the Sheepeaters was Troop G of the 1st Cavalry, led by Captain Reuben Bernard; Company C and a detachment of Company K from the 2nd Infantry Regiment under the command of First Lieutenant Henry Catley; and 20 Indian scouts commanded by Lieutenant Edward Farrow of the 21st Infantry. The troops were all headed toward Payette Lake, near present-day McCall; Bernard headed north from Fort Boise, Catley headed South from Camp Howard, and Farrow headed East from the Umatilla Agency.
Throughout the campaign, the troops faced difficulty traveling through rough terrain. The first segment of the campaign, from May 31 to September 8, was through the Salmon River, dubbed the "River of No Return" as it was barely navigable. By August 20, a Sheepeater raiding party of ten to fifteen Indians attacked the troops as they guarded a pack train at Soldier Bar on Big Creek. Those who defended the pack train included Corporal Charles B. Hardin along with six troopers and the chief packer, James Barnes. They managed to drive the Sheepeaters off with only one casualty, Private Harry Eagan of the 2nd Infantry. By October, the campaign ended once Lieutenants W.C. Brown and Edward S. Farrow, along with a group of twenty Umatilla scouts, negotiated the surrender of the Sheepeaters.
# New Orleans and Carrollton Railroad

The New Orleans and Carrollton Railroad (originally Rail Road) was one of six short-line rail systems built to connect the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, with surrounding neighborhoods, in this case, four-and-a-half miles to the resort village of Carrollton. It was one of the first public transit trolley systems built in the urban United States.
The line was chartered in 1833, and opened for business two years later. It was constructed with a track gauge of 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) and was the only one of the New Orleans suburban railways to use locomotives to pull the passenger cars (the other five used horses or mules). The street railroads provided low cost and convenient public transportation for New Orleans' residents. Prior to the Civil War, hundreds of people took the train to Carrollton to tour the famed Carrollton Gardens or to dine at the Carrollton House or another of the village's restaurants. Among the antebellum officials was the line's secretary, Albert Blanchard, who would become a Confederate brigadier general in the Civil War.
During the war, the line continued periodic operation, despite the Federal army occupying the city. Ridership and revenues were drastically reduced, and the railroad suffered financially.
Following the Civil War, the line was leased to former Confederate general P. G. T. Beauregard, who with two financial backers, assumed control of the NO&CRR in April 1866. However, his partners proved untrustworthy, and Beauregard was publicly embarrassed when the line failed to pay its debts within a few years. However, the railroad survived. The line evolved into an urban tram line as the land along the route was developed and incorporated into the city of New Orleans. It is now the St. Charles Avenue Streetcar Line. In 1922 the New Orleans & Carrollton Rail Road was merged into New Orleans Public Service Incorporated (NOPSI), which consolidated the city's various streetcar lines and electrical production. In 1983, NOPSI became part of privately owned Entergy, and transferred all transportation operations to the New Orleans Regional Transit Authority (NORTA).
# Fireman Save My Child (1918 film)

Fireman Save My Child is a 1918 American short comedy film starring Harold Lloyd.

## Plot

Bebe's parents promise her hand in marriage to the local fire chief, Snub. Bebe, however, is only interested in marrying Harold—who is not a member of the fire department. Harold crashes the Firemen's Ball where he gets into conflicts with Bebe's parents and Snub. Bebe leaves the ball angrily, declaring that her passion is for Harold. Shortly thereafter, the station receives an alarm about a fire. The second lieutenant abruptly quits the fire department. Harold agrees to take his place and drive the fire truck to the blaze. After stopping to extinguish a burning cigar in a drunk's pocket, the firemen arrive at the site of the real fire. It is Bebe's house that is ablaze. Harold announces that he will enter the burning house to rescue Bebe from an upper floor if he can have her hand in marriage. Her parents agree. After an initial mistake in which he rescues a household servant instead of Bebe, Harold succeeds. The film ends with Harold and Bebe shyly exchanging kisses.

## Cast

* Harold Lloyd
* Snub Pollard
* Bebe Daniels
* William Blaisdell
* Sammy Brooks
* Harry Burns
* Lige Conley (as Lige Cromley)
* Billy Fay (as B. Fay)
* Gus Leonard
* Alma Maxim
* James Parrott
* Dorothea Wolbert
# North Valley Rail

vteNorth Valley Rail :
Legend :
North Valley Rail is a proposed railway service in California that would offer trips from Natomas to Chico. Plans include extending Amtrak San Joaquins and Altamont Corridor Express services along the Union Pacific Sacramento Subdivision and Valley Subdivision. The project was initiated by the Butte County Association of Governments. Initial estimates place the cost of the project at $530 million, with 600,000 passengers yearly and a start date of July 2031.
Initial studies ruled out Oroville as a potential terminus of the line, leaving a Chico station as the preferred alternative. Stations are planned in Natomas, Plumas Lake, Marysville, Gridley (with a bus connection to Oroville), and Chico. Future plans include a connection to the Capitol Corridor in Sacramento. Capitol Corridor and North Valley Rail cross in Sacramento — North Valley Rail is primarily aligned to the north and south, while Capitol Corridor is largely aligned east and west.
# Victoria Girls Higher Secondary School

Victoria Girls School, established by Queen Victoria, provides education in both Tamil and English languages. It's a centenary school provided with well-equipped lab facilities. The school is well known for its discipline.
It has been ranked in top ten schools in Tuticorin District.
# Slow Twistin'

"Slow Twistin'" is a song written by Jon Sheldon, and recorded by American rock and roll musicians Chubby Checker and Dee Dee Sharp. Sharp is uncredited on the single and early albums.
Released as a single in 1962, it peaked at number 3 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and the R&B singles chart. In Canada it reached number 18.
The song was covered by The Marvelettes (as "Slow Twist") on their 1962 album The Marvelettes Sing (aka Smash Hits of '62).
A different version of Slow Twistin’, with lead vocals by Dee Dee Sharp and featuring Chubby Checker, and with different lyrics, appeared on Dee Dee Sharp’s 1962 LP It’s Mashed Potato Time.