# Isotopes of titanium

Naturally occurring titanium ($_{22}$Ti) is composed of five stable isotopes; $^{46}$Ti, $^{47}$Ti, $^{48}$Ti, $^{49}$Ti and $^{50}$Ti with $^{48}$Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance). Twenty-one radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being $^{44}$Ti with a half-life of 60 years, $^{45}$Ti with a half-life of 184.8 minutes, $^{51}$Ti with a half-life of 5.76 minutes, and $^{52}$Ti with a half-life of 1.7 minutes. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 33 seconds, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half a second.
The isotopes of titanium range in atomic mass from 39.00 u ($^{39}$Ti) to 64.00 u ($^{64}$Ti). The primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes (lighter than $^{46}$Ti) is β$^+$ and the primary mode for the heavier ones (heavier than $^{50}$Ti) is β$^−$; their respective decay products are scandium isotopes and the primary products after are vanadium isotopes.

## List of isotopes

| Nuclide | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) | Half-life | Decay mode | Daughter isotope | Spin and parity | Natural abundance (mole fraction) | Natural abundance (mole fraction) |
| Nuclide | Excitation energy | Excitation energy | Excitation energy | Half-life | Decay mode | Daughter isotope | Spin and parity | Normal proportion | Range of variation |
| $^{39}$Ti | 22 | 17 | 39.00268(22)# | 28.5(9) ms | β$^+$, p (93.7%) | $^{38}$Ca | 3/2+# | | |
| $^{39}$Ti | 22 | 17 | 39.00268(22)# | 28.5(9) ms | β$^+$ (~6.3%) | $^{39}$Sc | 3/2+# | | |
| $^{39}$Ti | 22 | 17 | 39.00268(22)# | 28.5(9) ms | β$^+$, 2p (?%) | $^{37}$K | 3/2+# | | |
| $^{40}$Ti | 22 | 18 | 39.990345(73) | 52.4(3) ms | β$^+$, p (95.8%) | $^{39}$Ca | 0+ | | |
| $^{40}$Ti | 22 | 18 | 39.990345(73) | 52.4(3) ms | β$^+$ (4.2%) | $^{40}$Sc | 0+ | | |
| $^{41}$Ti | 22 | 19 | 40.983148(30) | 81.9(5) ms | β$^+$, p (91.1%) | $^{40}$Ca | 3/2+ | | |
| $^{41}$Ti | 22 | 19 | 40.983148(30) | 81.9(5) ms | β$^+$ (8.9%) | $^{41}$Sc | 3/2+ | | |
| $^{42}$Ti | 22 | 20 | 41.97304937(29) | 208.3(4) ms | β$^+$ | $^{42}$Sc | 0+ | | |
| $^{43}$Ti | 22 | 21 | 42.9685284(61) | 509(5) ms | β$^+$ | $^{43}$Sc | 7/2− | | |
| $^{43m1}$Ti | 313.0(10) keV | 313.0(10) keV | 313.0(10) keV | 11.9(3) μs | IT | $^{43}$Ti | (3/2+) | | |
| $^{43m2}$Ti | 3066.4(10) keV | 3066.4(10) keV | 3066.4(10) keV | 556(6) ns | IT | $^{43}$Ti | (19/2−) | | |
| $^{44}$Ti | 22 | 22 | 43.95968994(75) | 59.1(3) y | EC | $^{44}$Sc | 0+ | | |
| $^{45}$Ti | 22 | 23 | 44.95812076(90) | 184.8(5) min | β$^+$ | $^{45}$Sc | 7/2− | | |
| $^{45m}$Ti | 36.53(15) keV | 36.53(15) keV | 36.53(15) keV | 3.0(2) μs | IT | $^{45}$Ti | 3/2− | | |
| $^{46}$Ti | 22 | 24 | 45.952626356(97) | Stable | Stable | Stable | 0+ | 0.0825(3) | |
| $^{47}$Ti | 22 | 25 | 46.951757491(85) | Stable | Stable | Stable | 5/2− | 0.0744(2) | |
| $^{48}$Ti | 22 | 26 | 47.947940677(79) | Stable | Stable | Stable | 0+ | 0.7372(3) | |
| $^{49}$Ti | 22 | 27 | 48.947864391(84) | Stable | Stable | Stable | 7/2− | 0.0541(2) | |
| $^{50}$Ti | 22 | 28 | 49.944785622(88) | Stable | Stable | Stable | 0+ | 0.0518(2) | |
| $^{51}$Ti | 22 | 29 | 50.94660947(52) | 5.76(1) min | β$^−$ | $^{51}$V | 3/2− | | |
| $^{52}$Ti | 22 | 30 | 51.9468835(29) | 1.7(1) min | β$^−$ | $^{52}$V | 0+ | | |
| $^{53}$Ti | 22 | 31 | 52.9496707(31) | 32.7(9) s | β$^−$ | $^{53}$V | (3/2)− | | |
| $^{54}$Ti | 22 | 32 | 53.950892(17) | 2.1(10) s | β$^−$ | $^{54}$V | 0+ | | |
| $^{55}$Ti | 22 | 33 | 54.955091(31) | 1.3(1) s | β$^−$ | $^{55}$V | (1/2)− | | |
| $^{56}$Ti | 22 | 34 | 55.95768(11) | 200(5) ms | β$^−$ | $^{56}$V | 0+ | | |
| $^{57}$Ti | 22 | 35 | 56.96307(22) | 95(8) ms | β$^−$ | $^{57}$V | 5/2−# | | |
| $^{58}$Ti | 22 | 36 | 57.96681(20) | 55(6) ms | β$^−$ | $^{58}$V | 0+ | | |
| $^{59}$Ti | 22 | 37 | 58.97222(32)# | 28.5(19) ms | β$^−$ | $^{59}$V | 5/2−# | | |
| $^{59m}$Ti | 108.5(5) keV | 108.5(5) keV | 108.5(5) keV | 615(11) ns | IT | $^{59}$Ti | 1/2−# | | |
| $^{60}$Ti | 22 | 38 | 59.97628(26) | 22.2(16) ms | β$^−$ | $^{60}$V | 0+ | | |
| $^{61}$Ti | 22 | 39 | 60.98243(32)# | 15(4) ms | β$^−$ | $^{61}$V | 1/2−# | | |
| $^{61m1}$Ti | 125.0(5) keV | 125.0(5) keV | 125.0(5) keV | 200(28) ns | IT | $^{61}$Ti | 5/2−# | | |
| $^{61m2}$Ti | 700.1(7) keV | 700.1(7) keV | 700.1(7) keV | 354(69) ns | IT | $^{61}$Ti | 9/2+# | | |
| $^{62}$Ti | 22 | 40 | 61.98690(43)# | 9# ms [>620 ns] | | | 0+ | | |
| $^{63}$Ti | 22 | 41 | 62.99371(54)# | 10# ms [>620 ns] | | | 1/2−# | | |
| $^{64}$Ti | 22 | 42 | 63.99841(64)# | 5# ms [>620 ns] | | | 0+ | | |
| This table header & footer: view ||||||||||
* ↑ $^m$Ti – Excited nuclear isomer.
* ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
* ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
* 1 2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
* ↑ Modes of decay: EC:Electron capture n:Neutron emission p:Proton emission
* ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
* ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

## Titanium-44

Titanium-44 ($^{44}$Ti) is a radioactive isotope of titanium that undergoes electron capture to an excited state of scandium-44 with a half-life of 60 years, before the ground state of $^{44}$Sc and ultimately $^{44}$Ca are populated. Because titanium-44 can only decay through electron capture, its half-life increases with its ionization state and it becomes stable in its fully ionized state (that is, having a charge of +22).
Titanium-44 is produced in relative abundance in the alpha process in stellar nucleosynthesis and the early stages of supernova explosions. It is produced when calcium-40 fuses with an alpha particle (helium-4 nucleus) in a star's high-temperature environment; the resulting $^{44}$Ti nucleus can then fuse with another alpha particle to form chromium-48. The age of supernovae may be determined through measurements of gamma-ray emissions from titanium-44 and its abundance. It was observed in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant and SN 1987A at a relatively high concentration, a consequence of delayed decay resulting from ionizing conditions.