# Peaks Island

Peaks Island is the most populous island in Casco Bay, Maine. It is part of the city of Portland and about three miles (4.8 km) from downtown. The island is served by Casco Bay Lines and has its own elementary school, library, and police station. Due to its size, it is the only island in Casco Bay that allows cars throughout.
While small, the island has a variety of businesses, including an ice cream parlor, restaurant, grocery store, kayak rentals, golf cart rentals, art galleries, the Fifth Maine Regiment Museum, and the Umbrella Cover Museum.
The island was originally known as Pond Island. It became Michael's Island after Michael Mitton was given the island on a 60-year lease by his father-in-law, George Cleeve. It was subsequently named Munjoy's Island, for George Munjoy, and Palmer's Island, for Munjoy's son-in-law John Palmer.

## Notable visitors and places

George M. Cohan tried his productions out at the island's Gem Theater before taking them to Broadway. Jean Stapleton's first professional appearance was in a 1941 production at Greenwood Garden Playhouse. Martin Landau made his professional stage debut in a 1951 production of "Detective Story" at Greenwood Garden, where for several seasons he was a resident cast member.
The Gem Theater was destroyed by fire on September 7, 1934. In a 1936 fire, the Union House Hotel burned down, as did a row of stores on the north side of Island Ave., including Augustus Carlson's Restaurant, Brackett's Grocery, Small's Bakery, John Cox's gift shop, and eight cottages.
During World War II, the island was home to a large military defense installation, including the largest structure, Battery Steele, which housed two 16-inch (406-mm) guns. When Battery Steele's guns were first tested, windows on the opposite side of the island shattered.

## Population

The island had an estimated population of 858 in 2017; its population increases in the summer by 2,000 to 4,000.

## Secession efforts

There have been at least six significant movements for Peaks to secede from the city of Portland: in 1883, 1922, 1948, 1955, 1992, and between 2004 and 2011. The most recent effort grew out of a revaluation of the municipality's properties, when average property taxes on Peaks Island increased by over 200 percent. Shortly thereafter, a group of island residents organized a committee to investigate seceding from Portland and forming a separate town. A successful petition drive put the issue to an island-wide vote on June 13, 2006. Of a total of 683 votes, over 57 percent were in favor of secession.
The Portland City Council unanimously opposed secession. The council and the secession group, after arguing over whether to hold talks in public or private, failed to negotiate terms. In February 2007 the secession group obtained sponsorship for legislation in the Maine State Legislature to incorporate the Town of Peaks Island, subject to a successful referendum. After vigorous debate, the bill was narrowly tabled, "dead" in committee as of May 14, 2007.
As a result of the secession fight and the urging of state legislators, the Portland City Council agreed to create a seven-member Peaks Island Council for direct liaison. But in 2010 most members of the Peaks Island Council resigned, expressing frustration with Portland's unwillingness to work with them. With only write-in candidates taking the vacant seats, the council ceased to fulfill its function. Ongoing discussions between city officials and the council's former chair about establishing some degree of autonomy, such as creating a village corporation within the city, proved unproductive.
As a result of a change in the Maine legislature from Democratic to Republican control, the secession effort regained momentum, with a new bill introduced in 2011 providing for a January 2012 island-wide vote on secession. But hearings showed an apparent lack of consensus among the islanders. The State and Local Government Committee rejected the bill on the ground that the secession leaders had not followed the legal process: they would need to start over with signature gathering and another referendum.