OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rolf (Airedale terrier)

Rolf (died 1919) was an Airedale terrier that was claimed to have been able to perform arithmetic and communicate with humans on an intellectual level.

## Claims

According to Rolf's owner, Paula Morkel of Mannheim, Germany, the dog could communicate with humans by tapping out letters with his paw. He assigned the highest number of taps to less common letters. According to Morkel, the dog was a poet, a bibliophile and a 'speaker' of several languages. In her biography of Rolf she even claimed that the dog dabbled in deep theology and philosophy. These claims attracted attention in Germany, as they came at the height of the 'New Animal Psychology' movement. The 'New Animal Psychologists', led by Dr. Karl Krall, believed that certain animals, such as dogs and horses, were nearly as intelligent as humans and could be trained to unlock their intellectual potential. A colleague of Krall's, Professor H.E Ziegler of the University of Stuttgart, studied Rolf at his home and came away impressed, as did a Dr. William McKenzie. However, a study by doctors Wilhelm Neumann and Ferdinand Lothar concluded that Rolf was merely reacting to unconscious signals from his master. According to an article published in Psychology Today, the Rolf case proved influential in developing the Nazi talking dog programme.
# Johnny Schulte

John Clement Schulte (September 8, 1896 – June 28, 1978) was an American catcher and longtime coach in professional baseball. A native of Fredericktown, Missouri, Schulte batted left-handed, threw right-handed and was listed as 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 190 pounds (86 kg).
Schulte's professional playing career began in 1915. It lasted for 15 seasons and was interrupted by two years (1917–18) in military service during World War I. He played for five Major League Baseball teams over all or parts of five seasons: the St. Louis Browns (1923 and 1932), St. Louis Cardinals (1927), Philadelphia Phillies (1928), Chicago Cubs (1929) and Boston Braves (1932). Altogether, he appeared in 192 games, hitting .262 with 98 hits, including 15 doubles, four triples and 14 home runs. His best year, as a second-string catcher for the 1927 Cardinals, saw him set personal bests in most offensive categories. In Chicago, he was a reserve catcher on the 1929 National League champions and played under Joe McCarthy, whom he would later serve as a longtime coach.
After his maiden coaching assignment with the Cubs in 1933, Schulte joined McCarthy and the New York Yankees beginning in 1934. He coached 15 full seasons (1934–48) in the Bronx, serving under Bill Dickey, Johnny Neun and Bucky Harris after McCarthy's retirement in May 1946. The Yankees won seven World Series titles and eight American League pennants during Schulte's decade and a half as a coach.
Then, in 1949, he rejoined McCarthy with the Boston Red Sox. When McCarthy retired for the final time on June 23, 1950, Schulte was reassigned to scouting duties by the Red Sox. He coached in minor league baseball for the Yankees' Kansas City Blues Triple-A affiliate before returning to scouting with the Cleveland Indians. In 1961, he scouted Tommy John and brought him to Cleveland for a workout, after which the team signed him.
Schulte also played professional soccer in St. Louis with the Innisfails.
Johnny Schulte died in St. Louis, Missouri, at the age of 81.
# William Chaffin Grove

William Chaffin (Chafin or Chafyn) Grove (c. 1731–1793) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1781.
Grove was the son of Chafin Grove of Zeals, Wiltshire and his wife Ann Amor. He was educated at Sutton and was admitted at St John's College, Cambridge on 30 April 1750, aged 18. He entered Middle Temple in 1750 and was called to the bar in 1756.
Grove was returned as Member of Parliament for Shaftesbury in the 1768 general election after a contest. In Parliament he voted consistently with the Opposition. He was appointed Deputy Lieutenant for Dorset and Poole in 1769. In the 1774 election he decided not to contest Shaftesbury on account of the cost, but he had some property at Weymouth and was returned unopposed as MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. He also became Recorder at Weymouth in 1774 and held the position until 1786.
The English Chronicle wrote of him in 1780: "An invariable and inveterate advocate for Administration, but not distinguished in any particular degree for any other quality either good or bad". He was returned again for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in the general election of 1780 but resigned his seat in April 1781. He was High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1784–85.
He married his distant cousin, Elizabeth Grove, daughter of John Grove of Ferne House near Shaftesbury on 7 October 1776. He died on 27 January 1793, aged 62.
# La Grande Voile (The Big Sail)

La Grande Voile (The Big Sail), sometimes translated The Great Sail, is a 1965 painted steel sculpture by Alexander Calder, installed in McDermott Court on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
# Bhura Singh Ghuman

Bhura Singh Ghuman (born 1954) is an Indian academic and academic administrator who served as Vice-Chancellor of Punjabi University, Patiala since 14 August 2017. He resigned from post of VC on 18 November 2020.

## Biography

Bhura Singh Ghuman was born on 15 June 1954 at village Arkwas, (near Lehragaga) and did his early schooling at the local village school. He did his graduation from Shaheed Udham Singh Government College, Sunam and M.A. in Public administration from Punjabi University, Patiala. He completed his M.Phil. and Ph.D. from GNDU in year 1979 and 1985 respectively.
Prof. Ghuman held several notable academic positions: He served as a Professor of Public Administration at Panjab University, Chandigarh for thirty eight years. Ghuman is editor of many renowned research journals and published 73 papers and 3 books. He was also a member of academic bodies of various universities. Besides this, he was also a member of fifth Pay Commission, Punjab from 2007 to 2009 and Punjab Governance Reforms Commission.

## Awards & honors

He is an internationally respected and renowned researcher and has recently received Paul H. Appleby award for contribution in the field of public administration. He is also recipient of many other awards.

## Stint at Punjabi University

Prof. Ghuman has taken a keen interest in overall development of university and carried out various initiatives such as improving research standards, starting the new academic programmes and specialized centres, MoU signing with foreign universities, securing increased grants from Punjab government and MHRD besides curbing wasteful expenditure. He has taken many initiatives to uplift the university in all spheres. University has been growing by leaps and bounds under his able leadership.
Prof. Ghuman has been given an extension of three years due to his excellent work and efficient handling of university affairs by Chancellor and Governor of Punjab.
# Rip Repulski

Eldon John "Rip" Repulski (October 4, 1928 – February 10, 1993) was an American professional baseball player, an outfielder in Major League Baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals (1953–56), Philadelphia Phillies (1957–58), Los Angeles Dodgers (1959–60) and Boston Red Sox (1960–61). He batted and threw right-handed, stood 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and weighed 195 pounds (88 kg). He was born in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota.

## Playing career

In a nine-season MLB career, Repulski posted a .269 batting average with 830 hits, 106 home runs and 416 RBI in 928 games played. He recorded a .976 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions.
A fine defensive player at all outfield positions, Repulski became the regular center fielder for the St. Louis Cardinals in his 1953 rookie season. He appeared in a career-high 153 games and finished third in National League Rookie of the Year voting behind Jim Gilliam and Harvey Haddix.
Repulski enjoyed his most productive seasons in 1954 and 1955.
In 1954, he hit 19 home runs and posted career highs in batting average (.283), runs (99), RBI (79) and doubles (39). From June 13–25 he had a string of ten consecutive games in which he collected two or more hits, going 22-for-44 (.500), half for extra bases. After that, he hit in six more consecutive games before going hitless.
In 1955 Repulski posted career highs in home runs (23), walks (49), on-base percentage (.333), slugging average (.467), OPS+ (110), and batting runs (7.7).
He earned an All-Star berth in 1956. Pinch-hitting for National League starting pitcher Bob Friend, he batted against Whitey Ford in the fourth inning and was retired on a foul pop fly to the catcher.
At the end of the '56 season, he was sent to the Philadelphia Phillies in the same trade that brought Del Ennis to St. Louis.
Repulski hit 20 home runs for the Phillies in 1957. A year later, he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers along with two other players in exchange for second baseman Sparky Anderson. He appeared in the 1959 World Series with the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Traded by Los Angeles to the Boston Red Sox in the 1960 midseason for Nelson Chittum, Repulski hit a grand slam at Fenway Park in his first American League at bat. He played his last major league season with the Red Sox in 1961.

## Personal life

Repulski married the former Mildred M. "Millie" Ellis on December 30, 1950. The couple had one child together, a daughter, Nadine Sue. Rip Repulski died in Sauk Rapids at the age of 64.
# Dev Kanya

Dev Kanya is a Bollywood film. It was released in 1963.

## Music

* "Mata O Mata Jeevan Ki Data" – Asha Bhosle
* "Pag Ghungharoo Bole Chhananan Chhum" – Asha Bhosle, Mahendra Kapoor
* "Saiyan Chhod De Mera Haath, Haye Dhadke Jiya, Kaise Chhod Du" – Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi
* "Zara Pehchano Toh Main Kaun, Kaha Se Aaye" – Asha Bhosle, Mukesh
* "Bole Jhan Jhan Jhan Payal Bole" – Asha Bhosle
* "O Sansar Banane Wale" – Asha Bhosle
* "Piyaa-Milan Ko Jaane Waali Sambhal-Sambhal Kar Chal" – Amirbai Karnataki
# Adolph Held

Adolph Held (May 16, 1885 – May 14, 1969) was a Galician-born Jewish American newspaper editor, politician, banker, and labor leader. He served as president of the Jewish Labor Committee from the death of his predecessor Baruch Charney Vladeck in 1938 until his own death in 1969. He was also a Socialist member of the New York City Board of Aldermen from 1918 to 1919.

## Life

Held was born on May 16, 1885, in Boryslav, Austro-Hungarian Empire, the son of Jacob Held and Tauba Yetta Singer. He immigrated to America in 1893.
Held attended the College of the City of New York, graduating from there with a B.S. in 1906. From 1907 to 1912, he was the city editor of The Jewish Daily Forward, a leading Yiddish socialist newspaper. From 1912 to 1917, he worked as its business manager. In 1917, he was elected as a Socialist to the New York City Board of Aldermen Fourth District, defeating Democrat Henry S. Schimmel. He ran for re-election in 1919, but he lost to Louis Zeltner, who ran with support from both Republicans and Democrats.
In 1920, Held was appointed European director of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. In that capacity, he assisted hundreds of thousands of Jews immigrating to the United States. When he returned to America in 1924, he became president of the Forward Association, the Forward's governing body. From 1925 to 1928, he served as vice-president of the Amalgamated Bank. He became president of the bank in 1928, and during the Wall Street Crash of 1929 it was considered one of the safest banks in the city. He was chairman of the board of directors of the radio station WEVD and chairman of the Amalgamated Co-operative Housing Association. After he relinquished the presidency of the Amalgamated Bank in 1945, he became welfare director of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. He was a central figure in founding the Jewish Labor Committee in 1933, serving as its president emeritus when he died. He was president of the Golden Ring Council of Senior Citizens and was active in extending Social Security payments and establishing Medicare. He was president of the Forward Association until 1962, when he became general manager of the Forward. He retired from that position in 1967.
He was a member of the presidium of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany in 1952. With Louis Hollander, he was a founder of ORT, chairman of the American Labor ORT, member of the central board of the World ORT Union, and vice president of the American ORT Federation. He was a founder and member of the JDC and a member of the Israel Bond Organization.
Held was a member of the Workmen's Circle. In 1913, he married Lillian Michaels. She died in 1954, and they had no children.
Held died in the Workmen’s Circle Home and Hospital for the Aged in the Bronx on May 14, 1969, two days before his 84th birthday. He was buried in Mount Hebron Cemetery.
# World Diamond Congress

The World Diamond Congress is a bi-annual industry event organized by the World Federation of Diamond Bourses and the International Diamond Manufacturers Association. The first World Diamond Congress was held in Antwerpen, Belgium in 1947. It was held annually till 1956 and since then - every two years. Every year in between the World Federation of Diamond Bourses and the International Diamond Manufacturers Association hold their Presidents' Meeting. Last 36th Congress was held in 2014 in Antwerpen, Belgium. Next, 37th Congress will take place in Dubai in May 2016.
Previous Congresses:
* 1947 1st World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1948 2nd World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1949 3rd World Diamond Congress London, United Kingdom
* 1950 4th World Diamond Congress Amsterdam, Netherlands
* 1951 5th World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1953 6th World Diamond Congress London, United Kingdom
* 1954 7th World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1955 8th World Diamond Congress Paris, France
* 1956 9th World Diamond Congress Tel Aviv, Israel
* 1958 10th World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1960 11th World Diamond Congress Johannesburg, South Africa
* 1962 12th World Diamond Congress Vienna, Austria
* 1964 13th World Diamond Congress New York, USA
* 1966 14th World Diamond Congress Milan, Italy
* 1968 15th World Diamond Congress Tel Aviv, Israel
* 1970 16th World Diamond Congress Johannesburg, South Africa
* 1972 17th World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1975 18th World Diamond Congress Amsterdam, Netherlands
* 1978 19th World Diamond Congress Ramat Gan, Israel
* 1980 20th World Diamond Congress Johannesburg, South Africa
* 1982 21st World Diamond Congress New York, USA
* 1984 22nd World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1986 23rd World Diamond Congress Tel Aviv, Israel
* 1988 24th World Diamond Congress Singapore
* 1991 25th World Diamond Congress London, United Kingdom
* 1993 26th World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 1996 27th World Diamond Congress Tel Aviv, Israel
* 1998 28th World Diamond Congress Bangkok, Thailand
* 2000 29th World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 2002 30th World Diamond Congress London, United Kingdom
* 2004 31st World Diamond Congress New York, USA
* 2006 32nd World Diamond Congress Tel Aviv, Israel
* 2008 33rd World Diamond Congress Shanghai, China
* 2010 34th World Diamond Congress Moscow, Russia
* 2012 35th World Diamond Congress Mumbai, India
* 2014 36th World Diamond Congress Antwerp, Belgium
* 2016 37th World Diamond Congress Dubai, United Arab Emirates
# Philippine Airlines Flight 812

Philippine Airlines Flight 812 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City to Ninoy Aquino International Airport near Manila. On May 25, 2000, an Airbus A330-301 operating on the route was hijacked by a man later identified as Reginald Chua, just before the airplane was about to land. The flight carried 278 passengers and 13 crew members.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a three-year old A330-300 that had been delivered to Philippine Airlines in August of 1997. It was operated by two General Electric CF6 engines. After the hijacking, the plane was returned to service wherein it was re-registered in June 2008 as RP-C3331. It was withdrawn from use in July 2014 and stored at Greenwood Leflore Airport, where it was eventually scrapped the next year.

## Hijacking

The hijacker, Reginald Chua, was armed with a gun and a hand grenade. He fired a gun into a bulkhead and demanded to be let into the cockpit. When access was refused, he then demanded the passengers place their valuables in a bag before he commanded the pilot to descend and depressurize the aircraft so that he could escape by a homemade parachute. Since it did not have a rip cord, one was made with a curtain sash on the aircraft. Before he was about to jump, he wasn't able to overcome the gust of wind from the plane's open rear door, and a flight attendant helped him jump out of the plane.
The hijacker was wearing a ski mask and swimming goggles when he jumped out of the plane together with the valuables he had stolen while the plane was flying at an altitude of 1,800 meters (5,900 ft) over Antipolo, Rizal. Officials initially identified him as "Augusto Lakandula", based on the name on his ticket. The pilot expressed skepticism that the hijacker would have survived the jump.
Three days after the hijacking, the hijacker was found dead, his body nearly buried in the mud, in the village of Llavac in Real, Quezon, about 70 kilometers (43 mi) southeast of Manila, near the border with Laguna. Police authorities stated that he died since he was unable to get his parachute to open. Through his driver's license, "Lakandula" was finally correctly identified as Reginald Chua, who reportedly lost his job as a security guard and suffered financial difficulties. Mental health was also a significant focus.

## In popular culture

The incident is referenced in the 2013 British film Metro Manila. The film's protagonist Oscar Ramirez (Jake Macapagal) tells the story of Alfred Santos, a textile factory owner who lost his father to a gang hired by a rival factory. Having been forced to shut down his business due to continuous threats by his rival, Santos hijacked an airliner and ordered the passengers to surrender their money and valuables before jumping off the plane to his death.
# Pedro Bonifacio Palacios

Pedro Bonifacio Palacios (13 May 1854 – 28 February 1917), better known by his sobriquet Almafuerte, was an Argentine poet.

## Biography

Palacios was born in San Justo, a western suburb of Buenos Aires, into a humble family. As a boy he lost his mother and was abandoned by his father, and because of this was raised by his relatives.
His first career was as a painter, but, because the government denied him a grant to travel to Europe, he changed direction and dedicated himself to writing and teaching. At 16 years of age, he was appointed director of a school in then-rural Chacabuco.
After meeting former President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento in 1884, he was dismissed as school director for not possessing a teaching degree, though this was arguably because his poems were highly critical of the government. He was, however, elected to the Buenos Aires Province Chamber of Deputies, and later worked as a librarian and translator for the Provincial Statistical Bureau. In 1887, he moved to La Plata and was taken in as a journalist at the newspaper El Pueblo.
In 1894 he renewed his teaching activities at a school near Trenque Lauquen, but two years later was once again withdrawn for political reasons.
At the start of the 20th century, he began participating briefly in active politics, but because of his unstable economic situation and his refusal to accept a political position, he did not do it with much enthusiasm.
At the end of his life, the Argentine National Congress granted him a pension so he could dedicate himself fully to his poetry. However, his health had deteriorated, and he died on 28 February 1917 in La Plata, capital of the Province of Buenos Aires, at the age of 63.

## Literary work

Palacios published some works under various pseudonyms, the most well known of which was Almafuerte.
* Evangélicas (1915)
* Lamentaciones (1906)
* Poesías (1917)
* Nuevas Poesías (1918)
* Milongas clásicas, sonetos medicinales y Dios te salve. Discursos (1919)
* La inmortal
* El misionero
* Trémolo
* Cantar de los cantares
* La sombra de la patria
# Nagmani

Nagmani Kushwaha (born 15 Jan 1953) is an Indian politician from Bihar and Jharkhand. He is the son of another Bihar politician and Social ReformerJagdeo Prasad, in whose party Shoshit Samaj Dal, Nagmani started his career. He has served as an MLA for Kurtha as well as an MP for Chatra. Nagmani is known for the frequency with which he changes parties - As of 2014, he had changed political affiliations 11 times.
He announced the formation of Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party on 13 September 2021.

## Political career

In 2001, he broke away from the Rashtriya Janata Dal to form Rashtriya Janata Dal (Democratic) and was made Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment in the Vajpayee government. He later merged Rashtriya Janata Dal (Democratic) with the Bhartiya Janata Party. Post Bhartiya Janata Party lost power in the center, Nagmani joined Ram Vilas Paswan's Lok Janshakti Party before switch over to the Janata Dal (United). His wife made a minister in the Nitish Kumar government and he was elected in the Bihar Legislative Council. Then he joined Nationalist Congress Party but left ahead of the 2014 Lok Sabha elections and joined All Jharkhand Students Union.
In 2015, he formed Samras Samaj Party announced the formation of a third front known as the Socialist Secular Morcha an alliance of six parties SP, Nationalist Congress Party, Jan Adhikar Party, Samras Samaj Party, (National People's Party) and Samajwadi Janata Party.
In 2017, Nagmanai joined Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samta Party by merging his party and calling Kushwaha to be next Chief Minister of Bihar. He was named National Executive President of Rashtriya Lok Samta Party but was sacked for allegedly indulging in anti-party activities in 2019. He resigned from the party. Following which he joined the Janata Dal (United) but quit six months later.
# Governor's School for the Arts (Kentucky)

The Kentucky Governor's School for the Arts (GSA) is a three-week summer program for rising juniors and seniors in the state of Kentucky originally established in 1987 by the Kentucky Center (now Kentucky Performing Arts), the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and numerous private supporters. In 2017, more than 1700 students auditioned for 256 student spots. In 2023, more than 500 students attended. By 2024, the program counted more than 8000 alumni, with graduates from every Kentucky county.
Since 2019, GSA has been located at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY. The program is free for students to attend. Nearly 30 universities across the commonwealth and outside Kentucky offer scholarships to GSA alumni. Selected applicants are divided into nine different art forms (which the program calls "disciplines"). Students may apply in two, but are only accepted for one. An average of about 28 students throughout the state are selected for each discipline, emphasizing the selectivity of the program's recruitment of prospective young artists. Attendance is free.

## Disciplines

* Architecture + design
* Creative writing
* Dance
* Drama
* Film & photography
* Instrumental music
* Musical theatre
* Visual arts
* Vocal music

## ArtShops

Each fall, ArtShops are offered in several locations across the state. Begun in 1997, these ArtShops typically take the form of masterclasses for each of the disciplines.