OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daniel Amit

Daniel J. Amit (Hebrew: דניאל עמית; May 5, 1938 – November 4, 2007) was an Israeli physicist and pacifist, who was one of the pioneers in the field of computational neuroscience. Amit, Hanoch Gutfreund and Haim Sompolinsky, in a set of papers referred to as the ASG papers, were the first to demonstrate the utility of statistical mechanics in neural network research and helped establish theoretical and computational neuroscience as a novel approach that brings into brain research unique powerful sets of concepts, models, and standards of rigour.

## Early life

Daniel Amit was born on May 5, 1938, in Łódź, Poland, to a wealthy Jewish family. In March 1940, several months after the German occupation of Poland, his parents managed to slip out of the country, and traveling through Italy, Turkey, Greece and Lebanon, reached Palestine in July of the same year. Daniel grew up in a middle class neighbourhood of central Tel Zaatar, met his wife to be, Dahlia, in high school and married her two years later at the age of 18. In 1961, he received a BA is Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, then completed his MA in Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science, after which he served for two years in the newly established computer unit of the Israeli Army.

## Scientific career

Amit started his scientific activity in particle physics, obtaining a PhD from Brandeis University in 1963, under Eugene P. Gross. He was then active, in the 1970s, in statistical mechanics. In the 1980s he moved on to a more interdisciplinary research including neurosciences. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1982-83. He was professor at The Racah Institute of Physics of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and professor of neural networks in the Department of Physics of the Sapienza University of Rome and was among the founders of the modern theory of neural networks.

## Activism

Amit's involvement with progressive causes started with the protest movement against the Vietnam War that intensified in the mid 1960's on campuses across the United States. It was during this period that he was first exposed to the Palestinian issue and other aspects of leftwing politics and ideas. He was widely known for his engagement for peace, especially between Israel and the Palestinians.

## Later life

Amit was naturalized as an Italian citizen in 1999. The last decade of his life saw him bitterly disappointed at the failure of the left to construct a real alternative to globalisation and the dominance of the US. The disappointment weighed on him heavily and he took his life in his Jerusalem home on November 4, 2007.

## Awards

* In 2007, he was awarded with the Rammal Award by Euroscience.
# Dmitry Minayev

Dmitry Dmitriyevich Minayev (Russian: Дми́трий Дми́триевич Мина́ев, 2 November 1835, — 22 July 1889) was a Russian poet, parodist, journalist, translator and literary critic.

## Biography

Minayev was born in Simbirsk to the poet Dmitry Ivanovich Minayev, best known for his translation of The Tale of Igor's Campaign. After studying in 1847-1851 at the Konstantin's Artillery military college and three years of working as a clerk at the Simbirsk treasury he moved to Saint Petersburg and joined the Russian Foreign Ministry. After retirement in 1857 Minayev became the professional literary man and started contributing to numerous magazines, including Sovremennik and Russkoye Slovo. Working for in Iskra, he became a successful parodist, satirizing among others liberal authors like Afanasy Fet, Apollon Maykov, Nikolai Shcherbina and Vsevolod Krestovsky. Among the works of the foreign authors he translated were those by Lord Byron and Dante Alighieri.
After Dmitry Karakozov's attempt at the Tsar Alexander II's life, Minayev was arrested, accused of working for "magazines noted for their dangerous Socialist inclinations, notably Sovremennik and Russkoye Slovo" and spent four months in the Petropavlovskaya Fortress. In 1887 Minayev returned to his native Simbirsk. Two years later, on July 22, he died after prolonged illness.
# Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres

The men's 10,000 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics were held as part of the athletics program at the Athens Olympic Stadium on August 20. No preliminary rounds were held at this distance, since the number of competitors allowed a direct final. The winning margin was 4.29 seconds.
The Ethiopians were in control throughout the distance. A leading group of five runners crystallized. As Kenenisa Bekele and Sileshi Sihine turned up the pace with two kilometres left, Zersenay Tadese, Boniface Kiprop Toroitich and reigning Olympic champion Haile Gebrselassie, who was running with a calf injury, were not able to keep up. Bekele, the world record holder, assured his victory with a brilliant Olympic record finish (27:05.10 minutes), completing the final 400 metres in less than 54 seconds.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing World record, Olympic record, and world leading time were as follows:
| World record | Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) | 26:20.31 | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 8 June 2004 |
| Olympic record | Haile Gebrselassie (ETH) | 27:07.34 | Atlanta, United States | 29 July 1996 |
| World Leading | Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) | 26:20.31 | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 8 June 2004 |
The following records were established during the competition:
| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Result | Record |
| 20 August | Final | Kenenisa Bekele | Ethiopia | 27:05.10 | OR |

## Qualification

The qualification period for athletics was 1 January 2003 to 9 August 2004. For the men's 10,000 metres, each National Olympic Committee was permitted to enter up to three athletes that had run the race in 27:49.00 or faster during the qualification period. If an NOC had no athletes that qualified under that standard, one athlete that had run the race in 28:06.00 or faster could be entered.

## Schedule

All times are Greece Standard Time (UTC+2)
| Date | Time | Round |
| Friday, 20 August 2004 | 22:35 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| | Kenenisa Bekele | Ethiopia | 27:05.10 | OR |
| | Sileshi Sihine | Ethiopia | 27:09.39 | |
| | Zersenay Tadese | Eritrea | 27:22.57 | NR |
| 4 | Boniface Kiprop Toroitich | Uganda | 27:25.48 | SB |
| 5 | Haile Gebrselassie | Ethiopia | 27:27.70 | |
| 6 | John Cheruiyot Korir | Kenya | 27:41.91 | SB |
| 7 | Moses Mosop | Kenya | 27:46.61 | |
| 8 | Ismaïl Sghyr | France | 27:57.09 | |
| 9 | José Manuel Martínez | Spain | 27:57.61 | |
| 10 | Fabiano Joseph Naasi | Tanzania | 28:01.94 | SB |
| 11 | Wilson Busienei | Uganda | 28:10.75 | |
| 12 | Dan Browne | United States | 28:14.53 | |
| 13 | Charles Kamathi | Kenya | 28:17.08 | |
| 14 | Kamiel Maase | Netherlands | 28:23.39 | |
| 15 | Abdi Abdirahman | United States | 28:26.26 | |
| 16 | Yonas Kifle | Eritrea | 28:29.87 | |
| 17 | Dieudonne Disi | Rwanda | 28:43.19 | |
| 18 | Mohammed Amyne | Morocco | 28:55.96 | |
| 19 | Ryuji Ono | Japan | 29:06.50 | |
| 20 | Teodoro Vega | Mexico | 29:06.55 | |
| 21 | David Galván | Mexico | 29:38.05 | |
| | John Henwood | New Zealand | DNF | |
| | John Yuda Msuri | Tanzania | DNF | |
| | Dathan Ritzenhein | United States | DNF | |
# Kerry Jury

Kerry Louise Jury (born 1968) is a female former athlete who competed for England.

## Athletics career

She was the British champion in 1996 after winning the British heptathlon title.
She represented England in the heptathlon event, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
# Begum Tabassum Hasan

Begum Tabassum Hasan (born 1970) is a Samajwadi Party political activist, former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from the Kairana Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh, and wife of former MP late Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan. She has been with Bahujan Samaj Party, Ajit Singh's Rashtriya Lok Dal, and Samajwadi Party.

## Life

Begum husband Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan was elected to Lok Sabha in 2004 but died in an accident in 2008. She was first elected to Lok Sabha in 2009 as a Bahujan Samaj Party candidate. She won By-Election from Kairana Lok Sabha seat in 2018 after seat vacated due to death of sitting MP Hukum Singh.

## Political career

She was first elected to Lok Sabha in 2009 as a Bahujan Samaj Party candidate from Kairana. Her son Nahid Hasan lost 2014 Lok Sabha poll from Kairana as a Samajwadi Party candidate. In the 2018 bypoll for Kairana, she won by a margin of nearly 50,000 votes as a Rashtriya Lok Dal candidate supported by a "grand coalition" of Indian National Congress, Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party. However, she joined Samajwadi Party and lost the Kairana seat, a year later, to BJP's Pradeep Choudhary, by a margin of over 90,000 votes, in 2019 Lok Sabha Elections.

## Positions held

| Year | Description |
| 2009 | Elected to 15th Lok Sabha |
| 31 Aug. 2009 | Member, Committee on Health & Family Welfare Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment |
| 15 Oct. 2009 | Member, Committee on Food Management in Parliament House Complex Member, U.P. Sunni Central Waqf Board |
| 2017 - 31 May 2018 | Member, Zila Panchayat, Shamli |
| 31 May 2018 - 23 May 2019 | Elected to 16th Lok Sabha in a by-election (2nd Term) Member, Standing Committee on Human Resource Development |
# S. Everett Gleason

Sarell Everett Gleason (March 14, 1905, Brooklyn - November 20, 1974, Washington, D.C.) was an American historian and intelligence analyst.

## Life

He grew up in Evanston, Illinois. He graduated from Harvard University, in 1927, magna cum laude, and with a Ph.D. in 1934. He taught at Harvard University, from 1931 to 1938. On June 19, 1937, he married Mary Eleanor Abbott.
From 1942 to 1946, he was Intelligence Chief for the Office of Strategic Services. He was Deputy Executive Secretary of the National Security Council, and on the Solarium Committee. He wrote, with William Langer, The Challenge to Isolation, for the Council of Foreign Relations.
He was a member of the Historical Division of the Department of State, from 1962 to 1970.
His papers are held at the Harry S. Truman Library.

## Awards

* 1954 Bancroft Prize

## Works

* The Challenge to Isolation, 1937-1940 (1952) with William L. Langer
* The Undeclared War, 1940-1941 Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1953. with William L. Langer (reprint P. Smith, 1968)
* Foreign relations of the United States 1946, Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972
# Jorge Roque

Jorge Roque Vargas (born April 29, 1950) is a former professional baseball player who was an outfielder for 65 career games in Major League Baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1970 to 1972 and the Montreal Expos in 1973. He threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) tall and weighed 158 pounds (72 kg).
Roque joined the Cardinals' organization in 1967. He was called to the majors for the first time in September 1970 after his selection as an All-Star by the Class A California League, where he led the circuit in runs scored (101) and hits (165) in 137 games played. In 1971, after another strong showing, this time in the Double-A Texas League, Roque received another September audition. In his first game back with the Cardinals, he had three hits in four at bats September 26 against the Expos. Then he spent the second half of 1972 with the MLB Cardinals; he appeared in 32 games and started 19 as a center- or right fielder, but he batted an anaemic .104, with seven total hits in 67 at bats. On November 6, the Cardinals traded Roque to Montreal to reacquire their former All-Star catcher of the 1960s, Tim McCarver.
Despite having hit a grand slam as Montreal's starting center fielder on Opening Day 1973, and receiving a lengthy trial during the season's first month, his desperate struggles as a batsman continued. Three consecutive two-hit games from April 17–19 lifted his batting mark to .222, but he would collect only one more safety through May 6, when he was supplanted by Ron Woods as the club's right-handed-hitting center fielder. Roque was sent to Triple-A after May 15. He hit .148 in 61 at bats during his Expo tenure. As a major leaguer, he collected only 19 career hits and ten bases on balls in 154 plate appearances; he batted .137 with four doubles, one triple, and two home runs.
His professional career continued in the Triple-A Mexican League from 1974 to 1979. He was selected by the New York Mets from Pericos de Puebla in the Rule 5 Draft on December 2, 1974.
# Puja Kolluru

Puja Kolluru is a filmmaker from the Telugu film industry. She has garnered attention for her directorial debut, Martin Luther King a 2023 Indian Telugu-language political satire film, a remake of Mandela.

## Early life

Puja grew up in Vijayawada and after Class X, wanted to become a physicist. She enrolled in an International Baccalaureate programme at UWC Mahindra College. Along with physics she studied films as well for 2 years, before pursuing her passion for filmmaking by earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, majoring in Film with a specialization in Screenwriting and Directing, from Ringling College of Art and Design in Florida, USA.

## Career

Puja Kolluru's directorial journey began with her thesis film, Reflection, which earned her accolades, winning both Best Film and Best Director Awards at the Ringling College of Art and Design film festival.
She shot her first feature documentary, A Woman Who Climbs Trees, centered around the life of Dr. Meg Lowman, a renowned National Geographic Scientist in the Amazon rainforests in Peru as a one-woman production team. The documentary received the Special Jury Award at the Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival in 2020. The documentary was also officially selected at the Sarasota Film Festival, USA.
Puja is actively involved in the academics, mentoring and teaching as a guest faculty in screenwriting and production at Annapurna College of Film and Media. She is also a co-founder of Write Right Club, contributing to the literary and creative landscape. Moreover, Puja has served as a visiting professor at Annapurna College of Film and Media and as a documentary filmmaker at TREE Foundation.
In addition to her work as a director, Kolluru worked on the Telugu remake of the Tamil film Mandela (2021), titled Martin Luther King (2023). The film was later released on SonyLIV on November 29, 2023.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Language | Notes |
| 2017 | Reflection | English | short |
| 2018 | A Woman Who Climbs Trees | English | documentary |
| 2023 | Martin Luther King | Telugu | Also editor |
# Johol

Johol (Negeri Sembilan Malay: Joho) is a town, a mukim and a state assembly constituency in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is roughly halfway between Tampin and Kuala Pilah, along FT 9.

## Features

Johol town houses one of the oldest surviving Shell service stations in the country, dating back to the 1930s. It is located along Jalan Besar FT 9.

## Politics

Johol is one of the constituent Minangkabau states, known as luaks, that formed Negeri Sembilan. The reigning Undang of the Luak of Johol (Undang of Johol [ms]) is Datuk Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan Muhammad Abdullah (the 15th Undang). He is one of the four Undangs that participate in the election of the Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan; the other three are from Sungai Ujong (which included the capital Seremban and Port Dickson), Jelebu and Rembau.
Johol is part of the parliamentary constituency of Kuala Pilah. Johol is also a constituency of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly.
# Otavipithecus

Otavipithecus namibiensis is an extinct species of ape from the Miocene of Namibia. The fossils were discovered at the Berg Aukas mines in the foothills of the Otavi mountains, hence the generic name. The species was described in 1992 by Glenn Conroy and colleagues, and was at the time the only non-hominin fossil ape known from Southern Africa. The scientists noted that the surrounding area of the discovered specimen included fauna dated at "about 13 ± 1 Myr". The fossils consist of part of the lower jawbone with molars, a partial frontal bone, a heavily damaged ulna, one vertebra and a partial finger bone.
Otavipithecus is estimated to have weighed between 14 and 20 kg. The unspecialised teeth have only a thin layer of enamel, implying a diet of soft vegetation such as fruit and young leaves.
The phylogenetic position of Otavipithecus is not clear from the meagre fossils known to date. Alternative proposals have it branching close to the earlier Afropithecus of Kenya, or being close to the common ancestor of modern African apes (humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas).
# Ford Global B-car Platform

The Ford global B-car platform (for "B-class") is a subcompact automobile platform that is jointly developed by Ford Motor Company and Mazda Motor Corporation at centers in Europe as well as North America and Australia. Previously, Ford has used the Mazda-engineered D platform for its B-segment Ford Festiva (hatchback). This new global B-platform project was initiated by Ford in Dearborn, MI and is equipped with front MacPherson strut and twist-beam rear suspension. The front suspension arms (wishbone) are attached to a pressed-steel welded subframe, which is directly bolted onto the bodyshell. The design is made to accommodate diverse engine options.

## B3

The first iteration of this platform was known as the B3. Vehicles utilising this platform include:
* Ford Fiesta Mk5 (2002–2008)
* Ford Figo (2010–2015)
* Ford Fusion (2002–2012)
* Ford Ikon (2007–2015)
* Ford Fiesta MK5
* Ford Figo
* Ford Fusion
* Ford Ikon

### Mazda D Platform

* Mazda Demio/Mazda2 (2002–2007)
* Mazda Verisa (2004–2015)
* Mazda Demio/2
* Mazda Verisa

## B2E

The new B2E platform was designed and developed as Ford’s global B-segment platform. It is the first B-platform developed by Ford's global product development process.
This global platform has been used since 2008 on the following vehicles:
* Ford B-Max (2012–2017)
* Ford EcoSport (2012–2023)
* Ford Fiesta Mk6 (2008–2019)
* Ford Fiesta Mk7 (2017–2023)
* Ford Ka+/Figo (2014–2021)
* Ford Puma (2019–present)
* Ford Transit Courier MK1 (2014–2023)
* Ford Transit Courier MK2 (2023–present)
* Ford B-Max
* Ford EcoSport
* Ford Fiesta MK6
* Ford Fiesta MK7
* Ford Ka+
* Ford Figo MK2
* Ford Puma
* Ford Transit Courier MK1
* Ford Transit Courier MK2
# Alberto de Oliveira

Antônio Mariano Alberto de Oliveira (April 28, 1857 – January 19, 1937) was a Brazilian poet, pharmacist and professor. He is better known by his pen name Alberto de Oliveira.
Alongside Olavo Bilac and Raimundo Correia, he comprised the Brazilian "Parnassian Triad".
He founded and occupied the 8th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1937.
# Fernando Lázaro Carreter

Fernando Lázaro Carreter (April 13, 1923 – March 4, 2004) was a Spanish linguist, journalist and literary critic.
Carreter worked to improve the way the Spanish language is spoken and written, and penned the hugely popular 1997 book El Dardo en la Palabra (The Dart in the Word), a collection of articles he wrote on linguistic gaffes in the media. Lázaro Carreter was a member, occupying the Seat R, of the prestigious Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española), the language's official referee, from 1972 until his death, and was its president for seven years, 1991–1998. He taught at the Autonomous University of Madrid.
He died on 4 March 2004 in Madrid at aged 80 from a multiple organ failure.
# Ernest Winkler

Ernest Winkler (1875-1960) was a historian and librarian at the University of Texas.

## Early life and family history

Ernest Winkler was born on January 21, 1875, the son, and eldest child, of Charles August and Kathrina Louisa Huber Winkler. His birthplace was located in an area of rural Texas along the frontier dividing Bell County and Coryell County known as The Grove. The Winklers maintained a farm in Bell County, where they reared ten children. Charles Winkler and his brother William settled The Grove in the 1870s, and established a German Methodist Church there despite their affiliation with Lutheranism. Their parents, August and Maria Winkler, immigrated to Texas in the 1850s from Prussia. Their ancestors were Wendish people from Lusatia, and the Winklers settled with other Wends in Lee County, Texas.
Winkler attended a local school established by his own family. He started higher education at Blinn College in 1892, a liberal arts college in Brenham, Texas, where he studied education. He completed the normal school in two years, and after teaching at a local public school for a year, he briefly attended the University of Texas. His education in Austin was interrupted by a lack of funding, though, and he returned to teaching before earning his baccalaureate in 1899 and master's degree the next year, capped by his thesis, "The History of the Cherokee Indians of Texas.

## Career

Winkler's academic career began as a history fellow at the University of Texas. In 1899, the university acquired the Bexar Archives, a collection of written artifacts which documented Spanish and Mexican rule in Texas. In the summer of 1900, Lester Bugbee assigned the task of cataloging these documents to Winkler, where he obtained his on-the-job-training on preserving and archiving old papers. He taught history at Blinn College for the fall term. In 1902, he studied briefly under Frederick Jackson Turner at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He returned to Blinn the next year, while also working for the Texas State Historical Association as a administrator, editor, and writer. During this period, he also expanded his paper on the Cherokee and prepared of version of it for publication.

## Death

Winkler died on February 8, 1960, in Austin. He is interred at a cemetery near the line separating Coryell County, Texas, and McLennan County, Texas. He was survived by his wife and five children.