OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tricarboxylic acid

A tricarboxylic acid is an organic carboxylic acid whose chemical structure contains three carboxyl functional groups (−COOH). The best-known example of a tricarboxylic acid is citric acid.

## Uses
### Citric acid cycle

Citric acid, a type of tricarboxylic acid, is used in the citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle – which is fundamental to all aerobic organisms.

## Examples

| Common name | IUPAC name | Molecular formula | Structural formula |
| citric acid | 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C$_6$H$_8$O$_7$ | |
| isocitric acid | 1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C$_6$H$_8$O$_7$ | |
| aconitic acid | prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C$_6$H$_6$O$_6$ | (cis-form and trans-form) |
| propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C$_3$H$_5$(COOH)$_3$ | |
| agaric acid | 2-hydroxynonadecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C$_{22}$H$_{40}$O$_7$ | |
| trimesic acid | benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid | C$_9$H$_6$O$_6$ | |
# Ella Peddemors

Ella Inez Peddemors (born 6 August 2002) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Frauen-Bundesliga club VfL Wolfsburg.

## Club career

Peddemors is a youth academy graduate of Twente. In June 2024, she joined VfL Wolfsburg on a three-year contract and was immediately loaned back to Twente for one more season.

## International career

Peddemors is a Dutch youth international. She was part of the Dutch squad which finished as runners-up at the 2019 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship.
In November 2024, Peddermors received her first call-up to the Netherlands national team.

## Honours

Twente
* Eredivisie: 2020–21, 2021–22, 2023–24
* KNVB Women's Cup: 2022–23
* Eredivisie Cup: 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24
* Dutch Women's Super Cup: 2024
Netherlands U17
* UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship runner-up: 2019
# Statue of George Washington (Trenton, New Jersey)

George Washington, also known as Washington Crossing the Delaware, is a large 1876 marble statue by the Italian sculptors Fratelli Gianfranchi. The sculpture depicts General George Washington in a pose taken from the 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze. It was owned by the banker Mahlon Dickerson Eyre and displayed at the Centennial Exposition of 1876 in Philadelphia. The statue is currently in the Mill Hill neighborhood of the city of Trenton in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.

## History

Around 1876, sculptors Fratelli Gianfranchi from Carrara, Italy, carved this large statue of George Washington from a single block of Carrara marble. It was modeled on the painting Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze. The owner of the statue was Mahlon Dickerson Eyre, a banker from Philadelphia, who was residing in Florence, Italy, at the time. He loaned this colossal marble statue to the 1876 Centennial Exposition, held in Fairmount Park in Philadelphia. On April 25, 1889, after Eyre's death, the statue was sold at auction for $300 to George R. Whittaker, accompanied by two councilmen from Trenton, Edmund C. Hill and Lewis R. Lawton. The Junior Order of United American Mechanics erected a granite pedestal for the statue in 1892. On October 18, 1892, the statue was unveiled and dedicated as the Washington Monument in the newly created Cadwalader Park in Trenton. The statue was located on a bluff facing the Delaware River, which Washington had crossed before his victory at the Battle of Trenton on the morning of December 26, 1776. During the 1976 Bicentennial, the statue was relocated to a plaza near the Douglass House in the Mill Hill neighborhood of Trenton. The house was Washington's headquarters on the night of January 2, 1777, after the Battle of the Assunpink Creek, the second battle of Trenton.

## Description

Washington is shown standing in a boat, facing forward, with his right foot raised on the prow. He is wearing a Continental Army military uniform with a cape and a tricorner hat with cockade. A sheathed sword is hanging on his left side. His left arm is bent holding the cape. His right hand holds a telescope. The statue is 14 feet (4.3 m) high. The statue is on a granite pedestal. The front inscription reads: “This pedestal was erected by the Jr. O. U. A. M. and presented to the city of Trenton, October 18th, 1892”.
* Profile view
* Profile from Leutze's painting
* Statue with pedestal
# Channaiah Odeyar

Channaiah Odeyar (died on 19 November 2007) was a former Lok Sabha Member of Parliament from Davangere in Karnataka, India. Mr Odeyar was a member of the eighth, ninth and tenth Lok Sabha from 1984 to 1996, representing Davangere Parliamentary constituency in Karnataka.

## Personal life

Mr Odeyar belongs to Kuruba Gowda (Odeyar) community. He was born in Bilichodu village of Jagalur taluk in davanagere district. He was survived by wife, three sons and a daughter.

## Politics

MP of 8th Lok Sabha, Affiliated to Indian National Congress serving Davangere (KA) Lok Sabha Constituency
MP of 9th Lok Sabha, Affiliated to Indian National Congress serving Davangere (KA) Lok Sabha Constituency
MP of 10th Lok Sabha, Affiliated to Indian National Congress serving Davangere (KA) Lok Sabha Constituency.
The nonagenarian leader represented the Davangere Parliamentary Constituency for three times on Congress ticket. Later he had joined the Janata Dal (Secular). Channaiah Odeyar (91) former Member of Parliament died at a private hospital here last night. The burial would take place at his native village Bilichodu in Jagalur Taluk tomorrow, according to family sources.
# Kyara Linskens

Kyara Linskens (born 13 November 1996) is a Belgian basketball player for Dynamo Kursk and the Belgian national team.
She participated at the EuroBasket Women 2017, the EuroBasket Women 2021 and won with Belgium at the EuroBasket Women 2023.
# Aucassin et Nicolette (Le Flem opera)

Aucassin et Nicolette is a shadow puppet opera in a prologue and three acts by Paul Le Flem after the medieval "chantefable[fr]" Aucassin et Nicolette.
The music was first presented in private at the home of Pierre Aubry on 19 May 1909, then given a first public performance with medieval themed "ombres" – Chinese shadows – by Géo Dorival on 11 February 1910. The music was not presented as a fully staged opera until 1924 at the Théâtre Bériza, with Marguerite Bériza herself singing Nicolette and costumes by Ladislas Medgyes.
In Le Flem's music, the medieval theme is complemented by references to Breton music.
# Dan Söderström

Dan Söderström (born 5 April 1948) is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey player who played in the Elitserien. He played for Leksands IF. He won a bronze medal at the 1980 Winter Olympics.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1962–63 | Horndals IF | Juniorserien | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1963–64 | Horndals IF | Division 3 | 18 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1964–65 | Horndals IF | Division 3 | 18 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1965–66 | Horndals IF | Division 3 | 18 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1966–67 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 18 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1967–68 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 21 | 13 | 7 | 20 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| 1968–69 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 21 | 17 | 5 | 22 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| 1969–70 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 26 | 15 | 15 | 30 | 6 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 14 | 6 |
| 1970–71 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 28 | 12 | 19 | 31 | 6 | 14 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 2 |
| 1971–72 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 25 | 15 | 9 | 24 | 20 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 16 |
| 1972–73 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 28 | 20 | 15 | 35 | 18 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 12 |
| 1973–74 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 32 | 23 | 20 | 43 | 14 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 21 | 6 |
| 1974–75 | Leksands IF | Division 1 | 29 | 24 | 33 | 57 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 1975–76 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 35 | 24 | 23 | 47 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| 1976–77 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 35 | 18 | 29 | 47 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 1977–78 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 30 | 11 | 32 | 43 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1978–79 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 9 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1979–80 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 36 | 18 | 13 | 31 | 24 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 1980–81 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 35 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1981–82 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 36 | 11 | 18 | 29 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1982–83 | Leksands IF | Elitserien | 32 | 2 | 19 | 21 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Elitserien totals | Elitserien totals | Elitserien totals | 248 | 95 | 156 | 251 | 131 | 12 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 8 |
| Division 1 totals | Division 1 totals | Division 1 totals | 228 | 145 | 125 | 270 | 82 | 92 | 45 | 37 | 82 | 50 |
# Stéphane Bouthiaux

Stéphane Bouthiaux (born 26 March 1966) is a French biathlete. He competed in the men's sprint event at the 1994 Winter Olympics.
# Kanoon Ki Awaaz

Kaanoon Ki Awaaz is a 1989 Bollywood film directed by R. Kumar and starring Shatrughan Sinha, Jaya Prada in lead roles.

## Cast

* Shatrughan Sinha as Raghunath Prasad Rai
* Jaya Prada as Advocate / Judge Janki Rai
* Prem Chopra as Darshan Lal
* Aruna Irani as Havaldar Mrs. Banarasi
* Manik Irani as Havaldar Mr. Banarasi
* Asrani as Havaldar Bhoja Banarasi
* Shekhar Suman
* Menaka Babbar as Advocate Reshmi Mishra
* Bob Christo
* Leena Das
* Manmauji
* Gurbachan Singh

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer |
| "Sajan Mere Sajan" | Kumar Sanu, Chitra Singh |
| "Sindoor Ki Hove" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Aankhon Hi Aankhon Mein" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Peer Hundi Oye" | Shubha Joshi |
# Liudmyla Naumenko

Liudmyla Naumenko (born June 30, 1993) is a Ukrainian basketball player for ESB Villeneuve-d'Ascq and the Ukrainian national team.
She participated at the EuroBasket Women 2017.
# X tax

The X Tax is an approach to taxation conceived by Princeton University economist and New York University School of Law professor David F. Bradford, It consists of two taxes:
* The corporate tax component, referred to as the business cash flow tax, levies taxes on company sales while excluding material expenses and wages. Unlike traditional corporate income tax, firms are able to immediately expense all capital investment (called "full expensing"). This ensures that normal profit is out of the tax base and only super-normal profits are taxed.
* The personal tax component, is a progressive payroll tax with the highest payroll bracket taxed at the same rate as the business cash flow tax.
The reason an X Tax is considered to be a consumption tax is because, unlike the income tax, it doesn't introduce a "double-tax on savings."
The X Tax is intended to streamline the tax code, foster economic expansion, and preserve progressive taxation. Additionally, it seeks to stimulate savings and investments by eliminating double taxation. Under the X Tax, financial transactions and instruments are not subject to taxation for both individuals and corporations. Bradford argues that "the government should exempt from taxation all dividends, interest, and other income from savings. That way, people will be treated equally by the tax system, whether they choose to spend now or save to increase their future spending power."
# Carlos Fernandes (footballer, born 1979)

Carlos Alberto Fernandes (born 8 December 1979), known simply as Carlos, is an Angolan former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

Born in Kinshasa, Zaire, Carlos started his career as a striker, subsequently moving into goalkeeper upon replacing an injured teammate. He started playing professionally with lowly U.D. Vilafranquense, having a short stint with S.C. Campomaiorense in the Segunda Liga afterwards.
Carlos then returned to the lower leagues, with Amora FC. After a string of good performances with F.C. Felgueiras in the second division (sharing teams with Marcelo Moretto, later of S.L. Benfica), he signed with Primeira Liga's Boavista F.C. for the 2004–05 season.
At Boavista, Carlos was initially backup to veteran William Andem, but eventually won starting honours. This prompted a January 2006 move to Romania's FC Steaua București, thus becoming the first Portuguese player to have played in the country's Liga I; shortly after his arrival, he lost the confidence of fans and general manager Mihai Stoica alike, with the latter declaring at a TV show that the player, although greatly underachieving, had been put under immense pressure due to the fact of being the team's only foreigner. He was released and rejoined Boavista on 30 May 2007, having previously trained for a time with Charlton Athletic to remain fit.
In 2007–08, after losing first-choice status to Liechtensteiner Peter Jehle, Carlos was loaned to Foolad F.C. in January 2008, with the move being made permanent the following campaign – the Persian Gulf Pro League club was coached by compatriot Augusto Inácio.
After spending one year in Iran, Carlos moved back to Portugal in the summer of 2009, joining Rio Ave FC. He only missed two league games, as the Vila do Conde side retained their top-division status.

## International career

Through his grandmother, Carlos chose to represent Angola at international level, the first cap coming in 2009 at nearly 30 years of age. He represented his adopted nation at the following year's Africa Cup of Nations, played on home soil.
Carlos was also the starter in the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations tournament, participating in the first two games but missing the third due to yellow card accumulation, as the Palancas Negras exited in the group stage.
# A. T. Ramaswamy

A. T. Ramaswamy is an Indian politician and a Member of the Legislative Assembly in Karnataka. He has been elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly four times from the Arkalgud Vidhana Sabha constituency (1989, 1994, 2004, 2018).
# Steve Montgomery

Steven Lewis Montgomery (born December 25, 1970) is an American professional baseball coach and former pitcher who is currently the manager for the Sioux City Explorers of the American Association of Professional Baseball. He played for the Oakland Athletics from 1996 to 1997, Philadelphia Phillies in 1999, and San Diego Padres in 2000.
A 1999 single in his only at-bat left Montgomery with a rare MLB career batting average of 1.000. He was traded along with Adam Eaton and Carlton Loewer from the Phillies to the Padres for Andy Ashby on November 10, 1999.
In 2014, Montgomery was hired as the manager of the Sioux City Explorers, an American Association of Professional Baseball team from Sioux City, Iowa. He has surpassed over 400 career wins with the team.
# Süßenbrunn

Süßenbrunn is a neighbourhood in Vienna, Austria, within Donaustadt, the 22nd district of Vienna. It has a population of 2,321 and covers 5.01 km$^2$.

## History

In 1620, Süßenbrunn, which was built as an Angerdorf (a village with a central green space), was recorded as a noble residence. However, it suffered severe destruction during the Turkish sieges of 1529 and 1683. In 1713, a moated castle was built in Süßenbrunn. On the site of the former village green, a small church was built in 1837, which was later replaced in 1980. The church tower cross and the clock of the former church are now housed in the Donaustadt district museum. The small Süßenbrunn cemetery was consecrated in 1893.
In 1938, the village was incorporated into the new 22nd district, then named Groß-Enzersdorf, which became part of the expanded Greater Vienna. From 1942 to 1945, the town was home to a Nazi forced labour camp. Since 1954, it has been part of the smaller 22nd district, now called Donaustadt, along with seven other municipalities.

## Geography

Süßenbrunn borders two other parts of Donaustadt: Kagran and Breitenlee. Covering an area of 5.01 km$^2$, it is the second smallest part of Donaustadt, just ahead of Stadlau.

## Features

The Renaissance Süßenbrunn Castle was built in the 16th century and redesigned in a Romantic style in the 19th century. It was used as the seat of an agricultural estate. In 2010, the Vienna-based shoe manufacturer Ludwig Reiter restored the castle, which has served as the company's headquarters since 2011.
Süßenbrunn is home to one of Vienna's two volunteer fire departments, along with the one in neighboring Breitenlee.
The Badeteich Süßenbrunn is a privately owned lake open to the public, featuring a sunbathing lawn, children's beach, and playground.
The area also features an equestrian club, the football club SC Süßenbrunn, a golf course built around 2000, and a shooting range opened in 1968.
# Water buffalo (disambiguation)

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a domesticated bovid widely kept in Asia, Europe and South America.
Water buffalo can also refer to:
* Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), the wild ancestor of the domestic water buffalo
* Various other smaller species in the genus Bubalus
* Water buffalo (zodiac), a Vietnamese zodiac sign
* Water buffalo incident, a racial controversy at the University of Pennsylvania in 1993
* LVT-2 Water Buffalo, a US Second World War military vehicle used to transport troops and supplies from ship to shore; see Landing Vehicle Tracked § Variants
* A nickname for the Suzuki GT750 motorcycle
* A World War II US water tank mounted on a 2-wheeled trailer, catalog number G-527
# Youth mental health crisis

The ongoing youth mental health crisis refers to the significant rise in mental health challenges among adolescents and young adults in the US, Canada, the UK, and Europe. The trend began in the early 2010s and escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Notable issues include increasing rates of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide. Girls are particularly vulnerable.

## History

In October 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), and the Children's Hospital Association (CHA) jointly declared a "national emergency in child and adolescent mental health." Two months later, U.S. Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy published a rare public health advisory, sounding alarm at a "devastating" decline in mental health faced by young people in America. According to the report, while the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the trend, the sharp drop in youth mental health had already begun ten years prior.

## Prevalence

Between 2014 and 2024, the suicide rate for young Americans aged 10-24 years has risen by 56%, with Black youth experiencing a particularly sharp rise of 78%. Among adolescents aged 10-14, the suicide rate surged by 167% for girls and 91% for boys between 2010 and 2020. Other signs of mental health distress, such as self-harm episodes, major depressive episodes, anxiety, have also shown similar growth.

## Possible causes

A 2021 report by the U.S. Surgeon General suggested that "messages through the media and popular culture that erode [adolescents'] sense of self-worth" may be responsible. Similarly, in a 2023 statement, the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) recognised the risks of "excessive use of social media", but also called attention to social and political malaise, as well as anxieties over climate change.
The 2024 best-selling book The Anxious Generation by American social psychologist Jonathan Haidt, argued that the rise of "phone-based" childhood and overprotective parenting has disrupted social and neurological development of adolescents. The book highlighted several negative factors, including social anxiety, attention fragmentation, sleep deprivation, and addiction. Others have disputed Haidt's theory.
A survey conducted by Politico in April 2024, involving 1,400 medical and mental health professions, identified the following factors as the primary drivers of mental health issues in children: social media (cited by 28% respondents), external events such as school shootings, climate change, war, and political instability (14%), social isolation (13%), and lack of skills to be more independents (12%).
David Wallace-Wells of The New York Times suggested that the spike may at least partly be attributed to "changing methods of measuring and addressing mental health and mental illness."
# 1952 Lady Wigram Trophy

The 1952 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 23 February 1952. It was the second Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Les Moore in the Alfa Romeo Tipo B for the second time in succession.

## Classification

| Pos | No. | Driver | Car | Laps | Time | Grid |
| 1 | | Les Moore | Alfa Romeo Tipo B / Alfa 2905cc 8cyl s/c | 24 | 39min 04sec | 4 |
| 2 | | Tom Sulman | Maserati 4CM / Maserati 1496cc 4cyl s/c | 24 | + 1:36.0 s | 3 |
| 3 | | Frank Shuter | V8 Special / Mercury 3992c V8 | 24 | + 3:31.0 s | 18 |
| 4 | | Halsey Logan | Logan Special / Mercury 4024cc V8 | | | 16 |
| 5 | | Des Wild | Allard J2 / Ford 3907cc V8 | | | 7 |
| 6 | | Arnold Stafford | Cooper Mk IV / Norton 498cc 1cyl | | | 8 |
| 7 | | Sybil Lupp | MG TD / MG 1250cc 4cyl s/c | | | 19 |
| 8 | | Doug Haigh | Ford 10 Special / Ford 1168cc 4cyl | | | 12 |
| 9 | | Pat Hoare | HRG / Singer 1498cc 4cyl s/c | | | 11 |
| 10 | | Jack Tutton | Jaguar C-Type / Jaguar 3442cc 6cyl | | | 10 |
| 11 | 28 | John McMillan | McMillan Special / Ford 3876cc V8 | | | 9 |
| 12 | | Del Drewery | Singer Special / Singer 972cc 4cyl | | | 14 |
| 13 | | Ron Hurst | Ford 10 Special / Ford 1172cc 4cyl | | | 13 |
| Ret | | George Smith | GeeCeeEss / Mercury 4505cc V8 | 20 | Puncture | 2 |
| Ret | | Ronnie Moore | Kieft C50 / Vincent 998cc V2 s/c | 17 | Accident | 15 |
| Ret | | Don Ransley | Alfa Romeo 8C / Alfa 2330cc 8cyl s/c | 17 | Accident | 6 |
| Ret | | Hec Green | RA Vanguard / Vanguard 2088cc 4cyl s/c | 14 | Gearbox | 5 |
| Ret | | Hec McLean | Cooper Mk II / JAP 1098cc V2 | 3 | Broken Chain | 17 |
| Ret | | Bob Gibbons | Cooper Mk V | JAP 1098cc V2 | 3 | Engine | 1 |
| DNS | | Harold Bandy | RA Vauxhall /Vauxhall 1442cc 4cyl | | Did Not Start | |
| DNS | | Alec Ferguson | Fiat Special / Fiat 1098cc 4cyl | | Did Not Start | |
| DNS | | Wally Darrell | Vauxhall Special / Vauxhall 1300cc 4cyl | | Did Not Start | |
| DNS | | Dave Habgood | Cragar-Ford / Ford 3439cc 4cyl | | Did Not Start | |
| Source: |||||||
# Usukhchay

Usukhchay (Russian: Усухчай, Lezgian: Усугъ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Dokuzparinsky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 1,881 (2010 Census); 1,836 (2002 Census);