OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elinor James

Elinor James (born Banckes, 1644 – 17 July 1719) was an English printer and controversialist, who used her own printing press to address public concerns throughout her adult life. At the age of 17, she married Thomas James, a printer in London, on 27 October 1662. They had four children, two of whom survived to adulthood.

## Broadsheets

From the time her husband became a master printer until her death, she wrote, printed and distributed over 90 broadsheets and pamphlets under her own name, prominently displayed. Almost all were given titles that included her name, such as Mrs. James's Advice, and she produced at least one a year for 35 years.
Most of these broadsides took the form of petitions to various rulers and governmental bodies: kings, the Lords and Commons, lord mayors of London, the City of London's board of aldermen and the clergy of the time. She was vociferous about the Exclusion Crisis and the Glorious Revolution and also strongly anti-Puritan. Some of her broadsides petitioned on issues of the printing trade, such as government control of printing and taxation on paper. One entitled "On Behalf of the Printers" argued against lifting legal restrictions that had been to the advantage of existing printers, saying that to open up the trade would bring increased unemployment and economic ruin to it.
In 1687, Mrs. James's Vindication of the Church of England drew two responses. Both the satirical An Address of Thanks, on Behalf of the Church of England, to Mrs. James and the dismissive verse Elizabeth Rone's Short Answer to Elinor James's Long Preamble took her simplicity and prolixity to task. Furthermore, John Dryden dismissed her in the preface to The Hind and the Panther. At the same time she was protesting loudly against individual Puritan preachers, sometimes attending services personally and disrupting their sermons. She responded to Dryden and the others with Mrs. James's Defence of the Church of England, in a Short Answer to the Canting Address.

## Jacobite

Elinor James opposed William III, taking a Jacobite stance, for which she was arrested and placed in Newgate Prison, and tried and fined in 1689 for writing, printing and distributing a broadsheet accusing William III of ruling illegitimately. Still she did not relent. In 1702, one satirist referred to her as the "London City Godmother".
James wrote against Titus Oates, who figured in the Popish Plot, accusing him of being no minister of religion and fraudulently wearing clerical dress. He responded by beating her with his cane, for which he was found guilty of assault and fined.
In 1710, as executor of her husband's will, James donated 3000 of his books to Sion College, London, along with portraits of Charles I and II. She died in 1719 and was buried in London.
# Neck Canal of 1730

Neck "Canal" of 1730 is a historic navigation channel located at Marcy in Oneida County, New York. It comprised the extant remains of a "canal" dug in 1730 to improve navigation along the Mohawk River. It was a short, hand dug channel cut across one of the many oxbows that once characterized the river in the 18th and 19th century. The channel was three feet deep, 20 feet wide, and 200 feet long.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
# Battle of Clitheroe

53°52′23″N 2°23′28″W﻿ / ﻿53.873°N 2.391°W﻿ / 53.873; -2.391
The Battle of Clitheroe was a battle between a force of Scots and English knights and men at arms which took place on 10 June 1138 during the period of The Anarchy. The battle was fought on the southern edge of the Bowland Fells, at Clitheroe, Lancashire.

## Background

During the civil war in England known as The Anarchy, King David I of Scotland chose to fight for his niece, Matilda. At this time, David was also known to be attempting to absorb Northumberland into Scotland. To these ends David led a Scottish army into Northumberland in early 1138, carefully avoiding battle with the forces led by King Stephen of England, until King Stephen was forced to retire south. This left David free to resume his invasion, which he did, crossing into Northumberland on 15 April and laying siege to Norham Castle.
It was around the time of the siege of Norham castle that William fitz Duncan, the Mormaer of Moray, was placed in command of a part of the Scottish forces, including a contingent of Galwegians, and was sent to raid into the lands of Craven and Clitheroe.

## Battle

Not much is known about the battle itself. What is known is that the Scottish forces led by William fitz Duncan encountered a heavily armoured English army in chainmail and helmets near the river Ribble on 10 June. It is also said that the men of Galloway played a large part in the battle for the Scottish army. These men were known to be lightly armed and armoured, and renowned for their ferocious charges at the enemy.
The battle resulted in a victory for the Scottish army, with English sources saying the river Ribble ran red with blood.

## Aftermath

After the battle of Clitheroe the Scottish army rampaged around the land, killing many and enslaving others.
Later, William fitz Duncan and his men rejoined the main Scottish army in time for the Battle of the Standard, near Northallerton, on 22 August, which was a victory for the English army. However, Lancashire remained a Scottish vassal for a brief period before returning to England.
# Ralaghan Idol

The Ralaghan idol, also known as the "Ralaghan figure", is a late Bronze Age anthropomorphic, carved wooden figure found in a bog in the townland of Ralaghan, County Cavan, Ireland. It is held by the National Museum of Ireland.
A sample of wood from the figure yielded a radiocarbon date (OxA–1719) of 1096–906 cal. BCE.

## Discovery

The figure was found during turf cutting, by a farmer named Thomas Halfpenny, aka Mr. Halpin, in a small peat bog close to the townland boundary between Ralaghan and Crossmakeelan, in the civil parish of Shercock, County Cavan, Ireland. Its discovery was announced in 1930 in the journal Antiquity by Adolf Mahr, keeper of Irish Antiquities in the National Museum in Dublin. Mahr reported that the figure was found face down "under 3 to 4 feet of peat" in an area of bog that had been "reclaimed since". No associated archaeological structures were reported, and Mahr reported that no other finds were retrieved from the bog.

## Description

The figure is 113.5 cm long and made from yew (Taxus baccata), a toxic wood with multiple folkloric associations. It is carved from a complete roundwood stem. It has a carved head and neck, a long torso with no arms, breasts or navel, a well defined pubic area and a pair of slightly bent legs that end in feet. The base of the figure ends in a spike and it initially fitted into "a socket cut in a square block-shaped pedestal, about a square foot in area" which Mahr reported "is now lost".
The figure is covered in cracks, and has strongly incised facial features. The left eye is slightly higher than the right, with the nose off-centre and possible damage to the left of the face. The pubic area features a gouged hole (initially reported as drilled) placed within a well defined pubic triangle. An examination of the figure by Bryony Coles published in 1990, determined that the hole widens within the body of the figure and that it contained a small patch of white granular material, possibly quartz.
Mahr initially determined that the pubic hole was "obviously intended for the insertion of a male organ". The idea that the figure originally featured a separate insertable phallus made of wood or some other material has been suggested by several scholars. Others have argued that the figure might be female or deliberately gender ambiguous. Coles has suggested that the pubic hole could have been a "hole for intercourse or giving birth", for the insertion of a separate phallus, or that the figure may have been "deliberately intended to be ambiguous, male in one context and female in another". Similarly, Miranda Aldhouse-Green has argued that the figure may reflect "deliberate ambiguity and double-meaning". The figure is one of several prehistoric wooden figures with both male and female sexual characteristics or whose intended gender is unclear. These include the Dagenham idol, the "God Dolly", and the Roos Carr figures.
# Saúl Weisleder

Saúl Weisleder (born 11 October 1950) is a Costa Rican politician, academic, and diplomat. He served as Costa Rican Permanent representative to the United Nations until 2014, as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica from 1997 to 1998, and as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica from 1994 to 1998.

## Biography

Weisleder was born in San José, on October 11, 1950 to a Jewish family. He graduated with a degree in economics and a Bachelor's degree in sociology from Universidad de Costa Rica, as well as a Master's degree in philosophy from University of Sussex.
Weisleder worked as a Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the National University of Costa Rica, where he also served as dean. Outside of his academic work, he has served as a consultant to the banking and finance industries.
He is married to former Costa Rican Vice President Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis.
# Henry Lawrence (footballer)

Henry Lawrence (born 21 September 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Belgian team Standard Liège.

## Club career

Lawrence began his career with Chelsea, moving on loan to AFC Wimbledon in July 2021. On 22 July 2022, Lawrence joined League One club Milton Keynes Dons on a season-long loan.
On 16 June 2023, Chelsea announced that Lawrence would leave the club when his contract expired at the end of June, and signed a two-year contract with Belgian team Standard Liège on 7 August.
Having spent most of the season playing for SL16 FC in the Challenger Pro League, Lawrence made his first team debut on 25 May 2024, coming on at half time and scoring in a 3–2 defeat to Mechelen.

## International career

Lawrence has represented England at under-19 and under-20 levels.

## Career statistics

    As of 8 May 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Chelsea | 2021–22 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chelsea | 2022–23 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chelsea | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| AFC Wimbledon (loan) | 2021–22 | League One | 24 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Milton Keynes Dons (loan) | 2022–23 | League One | 26 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 35 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 50 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 67 | 2 |
# Hassan Nasrallah (disambiguation)

Hassan Nasrallah (1960–2024) was a Lebanese cleric and political leader, and third secretary-general of Hezbollah.
Other people with the same name are:
* Hassan Nasrallah (businessman) (1881–1959), Iraqi businessman
* Hassan Nasrallah (footballer) (born 1982), Lebanese footballer
# Nils Rikberg

Nils Bertil Rikberg (29 March 1928 in Pernå – 10 August 2002 in Turku) was a Finnish footballer who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He became one of the first professional footballers of Finland when he transferred to France in 1953.
# Xanthomorda cooteri

Xanthomorda cooteri is a beetle in the genus Xanthomorda of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1990 by Batten.
# Talents and Admirers (film)

Talents and Admirers (Russian: Таланты и поклонники) is a 1973 Soviet drama film directed by Isidor Annensky. It is based on the play with the same name by Alexander Ostrovsky.

## Plot

The film tells the dramatic story of an actress who has to make a difficult choice.

## Cast

* Svetlana Pelikhovskaya as Aleksandra Nikolayevna Negina
* Olga Khorkova as Domna Panteleyevna
* Leonid Gubanov as Ivan Semyonych Velikatov
* Nikolai Gritsenko as Irakliy Stratonych Dulebov
* Aleksandr Belyavskiy as Grigoriy Antonych Bakin
* Nonna Terentyeva as Nina Vasilyevna Smelskaya
* Vladimir Bogin as Pyotr Yegorych Meluzov
* Yevgeny Lebedev as Martyn Prokofyich Narokov (as Yevgeni Lebedev)
* Rudolf Pankov as Vasya
* Grigori Abrikosov as Yerast Gromilov
# Alex Hirschi

Alexandra Mary Hirschi (née Darvall; born 21 September 1985), known online as Supercar Blondie, is an Australian social media celebrity, presenter, and vlogger based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. She is best known for her automotive videos, which she posts on a regular basis on Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. Her Facebook page has hit 50 million followers, her Instagram over 12.8 million followers, and she has over 15 million subscribers on YouTube. According to Socialbakers, her Facebook page was globally the fastest growing auto page in 2018.

## Personal life

Born in Brisbane, Australia, Hirschi had a passion for cars at an early age. The first car she owned was a Mitsubishi Lancer. Hirschi studied Journalism & Business at Queensland University of Technology before moving to Dubai in 2008. For 9 years, she was a newsreader and presenter for a talk radio show on Dubai Eye 103.8, where she interviewed many celebrities including John Travolta, Jake Gyllenhaal and Liam Neeson. In 2018, she left the radio show and became a full-time video creator on social media.

## Career

Hirschi's social media presence allows automotive brands like Bugatti and Ferrari to advertise their products through her. Instead of being an automotive journalist, she states that she provides "insight into the supercar culture and what it’s like to drive these incredible cars in a light, fun way." Being one of the few women in supercar culture, she also opens up the demographic for these vehicles.
In March 2018, Arabian Business listed her as one of the 50 Most Influential Women In The Arab World, and it nominated her in 2019 as one of Top 30 most influential women in the Arab world. Also in March 2018, Esquire Magazine Middle East named her Influencer of the Year.
She appeared on Germany's free to air TV RTL II on the car show GRIP Das Automagazin on 10 June 2018, co-presenting the one-off Bugatti L'Or Blanc and the La Ferrari Aperta.
In January 2019, Broadcasting & Cable announced Hirschi will be hosting their new car TV show Car Crews. The show is released on Insight TV and focuses on uncovering different car cultures across the United States.
She has driven the official Batmobile from the feature film Batman (1989).
In 2020 Hirschi won a Shorty Award for Breakout YouTuber.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Series | Role | Notes |
| 2018 | Grip | Herself | Episode: Dubai |
| 2019 | Top Gear | Herself | Episode: Dubai |
| 2019–present | Car Crews | Host/Herself | 7 episodes |

### Video games

| Year | Game | Role | Notes |
| 2023 | The Crew Motorfest | Herself | Dream Cars playlist presenter |
# Schreckensteinia

Schreckensteinia is a moth in the family Schreckensteiniidae.

## Species

* Schreckensteinia erythriella Clemens, 1860
* Schreckensteinia felicella Walsingham, 1880
* Schreckensteinia festaliella Hübner, 1819
* Schreckensteinia inferiorella Zeller, 1877
* Schreckensteinia jocularis Walsingham, 1914
# Trans–São Francisco languages

The Trans–São Francisco languages (Portuguese: Transanfranciscano) are a proposed grouping of languages within Macro-Jê. They consist of the Krenák, Maxakalían, and possibly also the Kamakã families. The Trans–São Francisco group was originally proposed and demonstrated by Nikulin and Silva (2020) under the name of Maxakalí-Krenák.
They are named after the São Francisco River of Northeast Brazil.

## Classification

Internal classification of Trans–São Francisco by Nikulin (2020):
* Trans–São Francisco
** Krenák (Borum)
** Maxakalían
*** Malalí
*** Nuclear Maxakalían
**** Maxakalí
**** Ritual Maxakalí; Makoní
**** Pataxó; Pataxó-Hãhãhãe
**** Koropó
** ? Kamakã (possibly part of Trans–São Francisco)
*** Masakará
*** Southern Kamakã
**** Menien
**** Kamakã; Kotoxó/Mongoyó

## Proto-language

Proto-Trans–São Francisco has been reconstructed by Nikulin (2020), while there is also a Proto-Kamakã reconstruction by Martins (2007).
# Paul Whetnall

Paul E Whetnall (19 February 1947 – 1 May 2014) was an English badminton player who won national and international titles between 1968 and 1980. He was married to Susan Pound Whetnall who was an outstanding player of the same era.

## Career

Whetnall was noted for his shot-making accuracy and tactical astuteness. In his most successful season, 1975–1976, Whetnall won the open men's singles crowns of South Africa, Scotland, Germany, and the USA, as well as his third and last English National singles title. In 1970 Whetnall was a men's singles runner-up in the quadrennial British Commonwealth Games, losing a close final to Canada's Jamie Paulson. Shortly after this, his tournament career suffered a 2+1⁄2-year hiatus due to a badminton pro-tour venture which folded in 1973. Whetnall represented England in Thomas Cup (men's international team) competition in the 1969–1970 and 1975–1976 campaigns.
He represented England and won a silver medal in the singles, at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland. Four years later he won a second silver medal (in the mixed doubles) at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, Christchurch, New Zealand.
He coached badminton in Kent for many years

## Personal life

He married fellow international Sue Pound in 1968.
# 1903 Barnard Castle by-election

The 1903 Barnard Castle by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Barnard Castle, in County Durham, on 24 July 1903.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir Joseph Pease on 23 June 1903 at the age of 75. Pease had been MP for Barnard Castle since the 1885 general election, and before that one of the two MPs for South Durham since 1865.

## Candidates

The Liberals selected Hubert Beaumont to succeed Pease. Beaumont had fought King's Lynn in 1895 and Buckingham in 1900. He would go on to become the MP for Eastbourne at the 1906 election. He was 39 years old at the election.
William Lyonel Vane was the Unionist candidate. Vane had fought the seat as the Unionist candidate in the 1895 and 1900 elections. losing on both occasions in straight fights against Pease. He was 43 years old and was a colonel in the 6th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry.
The Friendly Society of Iron Founders agreed to sponsor a Labour Representation Committee candidate. Arthur Henderson was selected, receiving 5,619 votes from their membership, defeating Robert Morley, who took only 1,411. Henderson was one of the delegates to the founding conference of the LRC in 1900, and had been elected Mayor of Darlington earlier in 1903. He had previously worked as agent for Pease, and was also 39 years old.

## Result

A crowd of 3,000 gathered in the market place at Barnard Castle on Saturday 26 July to hear that Henderson had beaten Vane by 47 votes, with Beaumont in third place.
1903 Barnard Castle by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Repr. Cmte. | Arthur Henderson | 3,370 | 35.4 | New |
| | Conservative | William Lyonel Vane | 3,323 | 35.0 | −6.3 |
| | Liberal | Hubert Beaumont | 2,809 | 29.6 | −29.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 47 | 0.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,502 | 84.6 | +6.9 |
| | Labour Repr. Cmte. gain from Liberal | Labour Repr. Cmte. gain from Liberal | Swing | | |
He was the first Labour candidate to win against both Liberal and Conservative opposition, becoming only the fifth Labour MP, joining Keir Hardie and Richard Bell, who had been elected at the 1900 election, David Shackleton who had been elected for Clitheroe in a by-election in 1902, and Will Crooks who had been elected for Woolwich in a by-election four months earlier.

## Aftermath

Henderson would remain as MP for the division until 1918, when he instead fought, and lost, the southern division of East Ham. He would serve three times as Leader of the Labour Party, and as both Home and Foreign Secretary, as well as winning by-elections in four other constituencies.
# Criminalization of politics

"Criminalization of politics" is a political buzzword in the United States used in the media, by commentators, bloggers as well as by defenders of high-ranking government officials who have been indicted or have faced criminal or ethical investigations.
Most recently, the term has been applied to proceedings against President George W. Bush's advisers and the Republican Party leadership in Congress, including Tom DeLay, Bill Frist, and Karl Rove (see Plame affair). The position of their defenders, who include Robert Novak, William Kristol and Rush Limbaugh, is that the accusations against these officials lack substance and Democratic partisans seek to weaken them for political reasons, perhaps to the point of retaking Congress in 2006.
The position of many Democrats is that the number of investigations is the result of a "culture of corruption" established by the Republicans in power, and that anyone who has broken laws or rules must face the consequences. The opponents also point out that some of the politicians denouncing the current pursuit of alleged Republican misconduct have in the past called for vigorous pursuit of alleged Democratic misconduct.
The phrase was previously used by supporters of President Bill Clinton in reference to legal action against members of his administration, including Henry Cisneros. During the Watergate scandal, supporters of Richard Nixon claimed that he was guilty of nothing more than "hard-ball politics."
# Tolidostena atripennis

Tolidostena atripennis is a beetle in the genus Tolidostena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1956 by Nakane.
# Wolfgang Sellmeier

Wolfgang Sellmeier was a German theoretical physicist who made major contributions to the understanding of the interactions between light and matter. In 1872 he published his seminal work Ueber die durch die Aetherschwingungen erregten Mitschwingungen der Körpertheilchen und deren Rückwirkung auf die ersteren, besonders zur Erklärung der Dispersion und ihrer Anomalien. Before this publication, physicists tried to understand light as a periodic perturbation of an invisible substance that spanned the entire universe: the ether.
The interaction of light with the particles that make up ordinary matter was not yet taken into account when explaining optical phenomena. In his 1872 publication, Sellmeier conjectured that light-matter interactions in the form of covibrations of the particles that light impinges upon are responsible for the response of matter to light. In particular, his theory was meant to explain the observed 'anomalous' dispersion by Christian Christiansen and August Kundt. Sellmeier's model implied a relation between the refractive index of a material and the light that passes through this material, which is determined by the Sellmeier equation, which was named after him. This equation is still used today in order to determine the dispersion characteristics of materials, far away from absorption peaks in their spectrum.
Sellmeier's way of approaching light-matter interaction was swiftly adopted by the physics community and soon formed the basis of theories of dispersion developed by – among others - Hermann von Helmholtz, Woldemar Voigt and Paul Drude.