OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hilaire de Chardonnet

Louis-Marie Hilaire Bernigaud de Grange, Count (Comte) de Chardonnet (1 May 1839 – 11 March 1924) was a French engineer and industrialist from Besançon, and inventor of artificial silk.
In the late 1870s, Chardonnet was working with Louis Pasteur on a remedy to the epidemic that was destroying French silkworms. Failure to clean up a spill in the darkroom resulted in Chardonnet's discovery of nitrocellulose as a potential replacement for real silk. Realizing the value of such a discovery, Chardonnet began to develop his new product.
He called his new invention "Chardonnet silk" (soie de Chardonnet) and displayed it in the Paris Exhibition of 1889. Unfortunately, Chardonnet's material was extremely flammable, and was subsequently replaced with other, more stable materials.
He was the first to patent artificial silk, although Georges Audemars had invented a variety called rayon in 1855.
# Anganamón

Anganamón, also known as Ancanamon or Ancanamun, was a prominent war leader of the Mapuche during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries and a Toqui from (1612 - 1613). Anganamón was known for his tactical innovation of mounting his infantry to keep up with his cavalry.
Anganamón is said to have participated in the Battle of Curalaba on December 23 of 1598, which killed the Governor of Chile Martín García Oñez de Loyola. In April 1599 he led the attack on Boroa near La Imperial, where six Spanish soldiers and indigenous auxiliaries were killed. With Pelantaro and Aillavilú he fought a pitched battle with the troops of Governor Alonso García de Ramón in late 1609. Ramón was victorious but not without great effort. Within two years a new Spanish policy prevailed "Defensive War" inspired by the Jesuit Luis de Valdivia who believed it was a way to end the interminable war with the Mapuche. The Toqui at that time was Anganamón. Valdivia's bid to end the war with the Mapuche foundered following the Martyrdom of Elicura in December 1612, an event in which the spears of Anganamón's men killed priests Horacio Vechi and Diego de Montalvan, Valdivia's emissaries to the Mapuche, in an act of revenge when the Spanish did not return his two wives and two daughters that had escaped to Spanish territory.
# Codewars

Codewars is an educational community for computer programming. On the platform, software developers train on programming challenges known as kata. These discrete programming exercises train a range of skills in a variety of programming languages, and are completed within an online integrated development environment. On Codewars the community and challenge progression is gamified, with users earning ranks and honor for completing kata, contributing kata, and quality solutions.
The platform is owned and operated by Qualified, a technology company that provides a platform for assessing and training software engineering skills.

## History

Founded by Nathan Doctor and Jake Hoffner in November 2012, the project initially began at a Startup Weekend competition that year, where it was prototyped. It was awarded first place in that competition, drawing the attention of engineers, and funding interest from two of the judges Paige Craig (angel investor) and Brian Lee (entrepreneur).
After building the first production iteration of the platform, it was launched to the Hacker News community, receiving significant attention for its challenge format and signing up approximately 10,000 users within that weekend.
# Lost Highway (opera)

Lost Highway is a 2003 opera adaptation of the 1997 David Lynch film of the same name, by Austrian composer Olga Neuwirth with the libretto by 2004 Nobel Prize-winner Elfriede Jelinek.
The opera was premiered in Graz in 2003 at the Steirischer Herbst Festival of New Music with the live-electronics and sound design realized at the Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics (IEM) using the open source software Pure Data, conducted by Johannes Kalitzke.
It made its American premiere at Finney Chapel in Oberlin, Ohio, and at the Miller Theater in New York City in February 2007, in a production performed by students from the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. It was directed by Jonathon Field, with sound design by Tom Lopez, produced by Lewis Nielson, and set design by Scott Dane Knowles. Barry Bryan portrayed Fred Madison.
It premiered in the UK in an ENO production at the Young Vic in April 2008. This production was directed by Diane Paulus, with set and costume design by Riccardo Hernandez, video design by Philip Bussmann, lighting design by Mimi Jordan Sherin and sound design by Markus Noisternig. The cast included Mark Bonnar as Fred Madison, Quirijn de Lang as Pete Dayton, Valérie MacCarthy as Renne/Alice, Christopher Robson as The Mystery Man and David Moss as Mr Eddy/Dick Laurent.
The German premiere was staged at the Bockenheimer Depot in Frankfurt by Yuval Sharon, with David Moss, among others.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 2003 Conductor: Johannes Kalitzke |
| Pete | high baritone | Georg Nigl |
| Fred | actor | Vincent Crowley |
| Alice / Renee | soprano | Constance Hauman |
| Mr. Eddy / Dick Laurent | singer / actor / improvising musician | David Moss |
| Mystery Man | countertenor | Andrew Watts |
| Andy | countertenor |
| Pete's mother | actress, also singing |
| Pete's father | actor, also singing |
| Guard / Detective Lou | actor, also singing |
| Doctor / The Man / Detective Hank | actor, also singing |
| Director of prison / Arnie | actor, also singing |

## Reception

In 2019, writers of The Guardian ranked Lost Highway the 14th greatest work of art music since 2000.
# Kymi (parliamentary electoral district)

Kymi was an electoral district represented in the Finnish Eduskunta (parliament). It covered the administrative regions of South Karelia and Kymenlaakso in south-eastern Finland, with a combined population of about 322,000 (as of 2002). Kymi elected 12 members of the Eduskunta. In 2013, the district was merged with Southern Savonia to form the new Southeast Finland district.
The constituency was largely urban and traditionally working-class. The largest party in the 2003 election was the Social Democratic Party of Finland.

## Former members of parliament 2007–2013

* Sinikka Hurskainen (SDP)
* Jyri Häkämies (Kok.)
* Anneli Kiljunen (SDP)
* Valto Koski (SDP)
* Jari Larikka (Kok.)
* Markku Laukkanen (Kesk.)
* Reijo Paajanen (Kok.)
* Sirpa Paatero (SDP)
* Markku Pakkanen (Kesk.)
* Sari Palm (KD)
* Kimmo Tiilikainen (Kesk.)
* Pentti Tiusanen (Vas)
* KD = Christian Democrats
* Kesk. = Centre
* Kok. = National Coalition
* SDP = Social Democrats
* Vas. = Left Alliance
* Vihr. = Greens

## Old election results

Finnish parliamentary election, 2003 :
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| SDP | 5 | 0 | 41.7 | 34.8 | 59,567 | +1.6% |
| Centre | 3 | 0 | 25.0 | 25.8 | 44,127 | +3.2% |
| National Coalition | 3 | 0 | 25.0 | 20.4 | 34,912 | -4.4% |
| Left Alliance | 1 | 0 | 8.3 | 7.0 | 11,954 | +0.7% |
| KD | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5.5 | 9,438 | +0.1% |
| Green | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 7,767 | -0.9% |
| other groups | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 3,568 | n/a |
# Igor Lebedev (politician)

Igor Vladimirovich Lebedev (né Zhirinovsky; Russian: Игорь Владимирович Лебедев/Давид Александрович Гарсия né Жириновский; born 27 September 1972) is a Russian politician. He is a former deputy of the State Duma, a Deputy Chairman of the Duma, and chairman of the populist Liberal Democratic Party of Russia's Duma parliamentary group, and of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia's Youth Organization. He was a member of the State Duma's Committees on Budget Issues and Taxes, and State Building and Legislation. His father was Vladimir Zhirinovsky, chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.
As of 12 September 2014, Lebedev was sanctioned by the European Union and the United Kingdom for voting in favor of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.

## Controversy

Following supporter violence involving Russian fans at the Euro 2016 tournament, Lebedev tweeted "nothing wrong with fans fighting" and to "keep up the good work".
In March 2017, Lebedev proposed legalising football hooliganism and turning it into a sport.
# Ann Mills

Ann Mills (sometimes spelled Anne) was a British woman who disguised herself as a man in order to become a dragoon. In 1740, she fought on the frigate HMS Maidstone.
# Aleksey Gorchakov

Prince Aleksey Ivanovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алексе́й Ива́нович Горчако́в; 20 May [O.S. 31 May] 1769 – 12 December [O.S. 24 December] 1817) was a Russian general and statesman from the Gorchakov family.

## Biography

Aleksey Gorchakov was a son of Prince Ivan Gorchakov and a sister of the noted Russian generalissimo Alexander Suvorov. Born in Moscow, he enlisted in the Life Guard Preobrazhensky Regiment in 1774, and began his service several years later in 1781. In 1786 he entered the regular army as a captain and served with distinction (as an adjudant) under his uncle Suvorov in the Turkish War of 1787–92. Gorchakov distinguished himself in the campaigns of 1789 at Akkerman, at Ochakov, the latter for which he received the Order of St. George (4th class) as well as being promoted to lieutenant colonel and becoming an adjudant to Prince Potemkin, at Kaumany, at Bender and in the campaign of 1790. In 1790 he was promoted to colonel of Azov regiment. In 1792 he fought in the Poland (Polish–Russian War of 1792) and received the Order of St. Vladimir (4th class).
Gorchakov took part as a general officer in the Italian and Swiss operations of 1799 together with general Rimsky-Korsakov. He returned to Russia afterwards, and became chef of the Neva Musketeer Regiment on 7 February 1800, while serving as the governor of Vryborg as well as the chef of the Vryborg Garrison regiment between March and August in 1800. He then served in the next war against Napoleon in Poland in 1806–1807 (Battle of Heilsberg). He succeeded Barclay de Tolly as the Minister of War in August 1812, and was promoted to general of the infantry on 11 September 1814. Removed from command in December 1815 after another accusation of "embezzlement", he took a discharge in September 1817. Aleksey Gorchakov died in December 1817 in St. Petersburg.

## Family

His brother Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov (1776–1855) was a general in the Russian army who took a conspicuous part in the final campaigns against Napoleon. Their cousin Princess Pelageya Nikolayevna Gorchakova (1762–1838) was fictionalized by her grandson Leo Tolstoy in War and Peace.
| Preceded byMichael Andreas Barclay de Tolly | Minister of Land Forces 1812 – 1815 | Succeeded byPyotr Konovnitsyn |
# Marko Baković

Marko Baković (born 22 February 1993) is a Croatian-Bosnian professional basketball player, currently playing for Zadar in the Croatian League.

## Playing career

On October 2, 2022, he scored 9 points against Partizan Mozzart in his debut in ABA League. On 30 July 2023, Baković signed a contract with MZT Skopje of the Macedonian League for the 2023–24 season. On October 10, 2023, he made his debut in ABA League Second Division for MZT Skopje against KK Cedevita Junior where he scored 7 points and one rebound
# Ege Tan Yıldızoğlu

Ege Tan Yıldızoğlu (born January 1, 2004) is a Turkish college basketball who plays for Pacific Tigers of the West Coast Conference (WCC).

## Early years

Yıldızoğlu is a basketball player from Tarsus American College. He also played in Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi team.

## Professional career
### Galatasaray Nef

He has been playing for Galatasaray Nef since 2021.

## Personal life

His mother is Aylin Yıldızoğlu, a former Turkish Women's National Team Basketball Player. His father is Ceyhun Yıldızoğlu, the basketball coach of the Turkish Women's National Team.
# Antonio González Pacheco

Antonio González Pacheco (10 October 1946 – 7 May 2020), known also as Billy the Kid (Billy el Niño), was a Spanish police inspector in Francoist Spain who was charged with 13 counts of torture and sought for extradition by an Argentine judge in 2014. María Romilda Servini had called for the indictment. The request for extradition was refused by the Spanish High Court on the basis that the statute of limitations had run out on the accusation against him.
He competed in a half-marathon in Madrid in 2010.
He previously had a pension that was 1.5 times larger than the usual one and he had four medals of honour, which was revealed by a report from the Ministry of the Interior in 2018. That year interior minister Fernando Grande-Marlaska began efforts to determine whether the state can terminate the honours and pensions.

## Death

He died on 7 May 2020 from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain at the age of 73.
# Bergson Group

The Bergson Group was group of Jewish activitists whose actions included trying to convince the Roosevelt administration to save Jews from the Nazi genocide in Europe. The group was active in the United States between 1940 and 1948.

## History

Founded by Hillel Kook, who had the pseudonym "Peter H. Bergson", the Bergson Group was a group formed during the Holocaust to advocate for the fight against Nazis and for rescuing Jews.
The Bergson Group was initially composed of ten Irgun activists from Europe, America and Palestine, including Aryeh Ben-Eliezer, Yitzhak Ben-Ami, Alexander Rafaeli, Shmuel Merlin, and Eri Jabotinsky, and was closely involved with Jewish and Zionist advocacy groups, such as the American Friends for a Jewish Palestine and the Organizing Committee of Illegal Immigration. The group founded the Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews, whose goal was the formation of an Allied fighting force of stateless and Palestinian Jews. Two American members of the Bergson Group were author and screenwriter Ben Hecht and cartoonist Arthur Szyk.
As information about the Holocaust began to reach the United States, Kook's Bergson Group shifted efforts from trying to create a Jewish army to rescuing Jews in Europe. This included putting full-page advertisements in leading newspapers, such as "Jews Fight for the Right to Fight", published in The New York Times in 1942, and "For Sale to Humanity 70,000 Jews, Guaranteed Human Beings at $50 a Piece", in response to an offer by Romania to send their Jews to safety if the travel expenses would be provided. On March 9, 1943, the Group produced a huge pageant in Madison Square Garden written by Ben Hecht, titled "We Will Never Die", in memory of the 2,000,000 European Jews who the Nazis had already murdered in the ongoing Holocaust. The performance was seen by forty thousand people its first night, and it travelled to five other cities including Washington, D.C., where First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, six Supreme Court Justices, and some 300 senators and congressmen watched it.
After the creation of the Monuments Men to save European art in June 1943, at a time when the Roosevelt Administration was rejecting calls to save Jews who were being exterminated on an industrial scale by the Nazis, the Bergson Group took out full page ads the New York Times questioning the Roosevelt administration’s priorities.
# John A. Stephenson

John A Stephenson is a male former rower who competed for England.

## Rowing career

He represented England and won a bronze medal in the eights at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, Wales.
The eights crew consisted entirely of members of the Thames Rowing Club and who won the final of the Empire Games Trials from the 1st and 3rd Trinity Boat Club, Cambridge. He was the captain of the Thames Boat Club from 1963 until 1965.
# Iglooghost

Seamus Rawles Malliagh, known by his recording alias Iglooghost, is an English electronic music producer and songwriter based in London.

## Career

Malliagh released a cassette in 2014 titled Treetunnels on Error Broadcast. In 2015, he released his second EP titled Chinese Nü Yr on Brainfeeder. He also released in that same year a collaborative EP with Mr. Yote titled Milk Empire through Activia Benz. In March 2016, he released his third EP titled Little Grids, again on Brainfeeder, and in September 2017 he released his album Neō Wax Bloom, also on Brainfeeder.
On 4 February 2021 Iglooghost announced the oncoming release of his second album, Lei Line Eon, which was released on 2 April alongside the release of the album's lead single, "Sylph Fossil". As of 27 May 2024 Iglooghost has over 111,000 active monthly listeners on Spotify, and over 30,400 subscribers on YouTube.
On 15 March 2024 Iglooghost announced his third album named Tidal Memory Exo, which was released on 10 May 2024 via LuckyMe, and also released the lead single "Coral Mimic" on streaming services.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Treetunnels (2014, Error Broadcast, limited edition)
* Neō Wax Bloom (2017, Brainfeeder)
* XYZ (2019, Gloo, collaboration with Kai Whiston & BABii)
* Lei Line Eon (2021, Gloo)
* Tidal Memory Exo (2024, LuckyMe)

### EPs

* Chinese Nü Yr (2015, Brainfeeder)
* Milk Empire (2015, Activia Benz, collaboration with Mr. Yote)
* Little Grids (2016, Brainfeeder)
* Clear Tamei (2018, Brainfeeder)
* Steel Mogu (2018, Brainfeeder)
* Amber Eon Micro (2021, Gloo, limited edition)

### Mixtapes

* Twenteen (2014, self-published)
* Places U Hide... Sketches (2015, self-published)
* Solar Church (2017, self-published, limited edition)
* Lei Fracture Vault (2020, self-published)
* Lei Disk (2021, Gloo)
# Sandra Venkata Veeraiah

Sandra Venkata Veeraiah (born 15 August 1968) is an Indian politician from Telangana. He is the incumbent MLA from Sathupalli in the Telangana Legislative Assembly. He has been elected four times as MLA, once from Communist Party of India (Marxist) representing Palair and thrice from Telugu Desam Party representing Sathupalli. He belongs to the Bharat Rashtra Samithi.

## Early life

Venkata Veeraiah, who hails from a poor Dalit family, was elected as an MLA at the age of 25 in 1994.

## Career

Venkata Veeraiah was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Communist Party of India (Marxist) for the Palair constituency in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1994.
In 1999, he served as the in-charge of the CPM Party for the Palair constituency. In 2004, he took on the role of in-charge for the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) in the Palair constituency.
In 2009, he was elected as an MLA from the TDP for the Sathupalli constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He continued to hold the position in 2014 when the Sathupalli constituency became part of the newly-formed Telangana Legislative Assembly.
He was elected as a member of the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) Board three times in 2016, 2017, and 2018.
In 2018, he served as the Vice-President of the National TDP. In the same year, he was elected as an MLA from the TDP for the Sathupalli constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly. In spite of having differing opinions with the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) he switched his allegiance and joined the TRS officially in 2021.
# Playtime (2025 film)

Playtime (Portuguese: Hora do recreio) is a 2025 Brazilian documentary film directed by Lúcia Murat. The film addresses topics such as violence, racism and drug dealing in Brazilian schools from the perspective of students aged 14 to 19. Combining a documentary with a fictional approach.
The film was selected in the Generation 14plus section at the 75th Berlin International Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 15 February 2025.

## Summary

Playtime is a documentary that examines Brazilian education through the perspectives of students aged 14 to 19 from four Rio de Janeiro schools. Blending documentary and fictional elements, it explores issues like school dropout, racism, drug trafficking, stray bullets, femicide, and teenage pregnancy, based on insights from public school teachers.

## Cast

* Brenda Viveiros: Clara dos Anges
* Luciana Bezerra: Teacher
* Leandra Miranda: Teacher

## Production

The film is written directed and co-produced by Lúcia Murat, and the production company is Taiga Filmes.

## Release

Playtime had its World premiere on 15 February 2025, as part of the 75th Berlin International Film Festival, in Generation 14plus.

## Accolades

| Award | Date | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 23 February 2025 | Crystal Bear for the Best Film Special Mention | Lucia Murat | Special Mention | |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 23 February 2025 | Berlinale Documentary Film Award | Lucia Murat | Nominated | |
# Kovalchuk

Kovalchuk (Ukrainian and Russian: Ковальчук), Kavalchuk (Belarusian: Кавальчук), Kowalczuk (Polish), Covalciuc (Romanian), also transliterated as Kowalchuk (in the North American diaspora), is a common East Slavic surname (one of the most popular in Ukraine). The Kovalchuk name extends back to before 1500 AD in Kievan Rus.
Koval (Коваль) literally translates as forge or blacksmith. The suffix -chuk denoted either a son of, or an apprentice to a blacksmith. It is somewhat similar in commonality to English surname Smith. It is also cognate with very popular Polish surnames Kowalczyk and Kowalski.
In East Slavic languages, the correct pronunciation is ko-vahl-CHOOK. Among Ukrainian Canadians, the pronunciation ko-WAL-chuk is more common.

## People
### Kovalchuk

* Andrey Kovalchuk (born 1959), Russian sculptor
* Andrii Kovalchuk (born 1972), Ukrainian general
* Anna Kovalchuk (born 1977), Russian actress
* Boris Kovalchuk (born 1977), Russian official, son of Yury Kovalchuk
* Ekaterina Kovalchuk (born 1990), Belarusian footballer
* Ilya Kovalchuk (born 1983), Russian ice hockey player
* Kyrylo Kovalchuk (born 1986), Ukrainian footballer
* Mikhail Kovalchuk (born 1946), Russian physicist and politician
* Oleksii Kovalchuk (born 1989), Ukrainian poker player
* Olga Kovalchuk (born 1976), Ukrainian Paralympic sport shooter
* Petro Kovalchuk (born 1984), Ukrainian footballer
* Sergey Petrovich Kovalchuk (born 1973), Belarusian footballer
* Tatiana Kovalchuk (born 1979), Ukrainian tennis player
* Victoria Kovalchuk (1954–2021), Ukrainian artist
* Yury Kovalchuk (born 1951), Russian businessman and financier

### Kavalchuk

* Aksana Kavalchuk (born 1979), Belarusian volleyball player
* Maksim Kavalchuk (born 2000), Belarusian footballer
* Syarhey Kavalchuk (born 1978), Belarusian footballer

### Kowalczuk

* Aleksandra Kowalczuk (born 1996), Polish taekwondo practitioner
* Chris Kowalczuk (born 1985), Canadian football player
* Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk (born 1967), German historian and author
* Jadwiga Kowalczuk (1931–1998), Polish athlete

### Other

* Ed Kowalchuk (1926–2003), Canadian politician
* John Russell Kowalchuk (1921–2000), Canadian politician
* Serghei Covalciuc (born 1982), Moldovan-Ukrainian footballer