# Kamakã languages

The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are:
* (northern) Kamakã (dialects: Mongoyó/Mangaló), Kotoxó, Menién
* (southern) Masakará

## Varieties
### Loukotka (1968)

Below is a full list of Kamakã languages and dialects listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.

#### Southern

* Kamakán / Ezeshio - once spoken on the Ilhéus River, De Contas River and Pardo River, Bahia state.
* Mangaló / Mongoyo / Monshoko - extinct language once spoken on the lower Pardo River near the frontier of Bahia and Minas Gerais states.
* Kutasho / Cotoxo / Catathoy - once spoken between the Pardo River and De Contas River.
* Menien / Manyã - once spoken at the sources of the Jequitinhonha River.
* Dendi - once spoken in the Serra Geral de Condeúba, frontier area between the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. (Unattested)
* Catolé - once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Pardo River and Verde River. (Unattested)
* Imboré / Amboré - once spoken at the sources of the Gongogi River, Bahia state. (Unattested)
* Piripiri - once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Verde River and Gorutuba River. (Unattested)
* Payaya - once spoken on the Camamu River, Bahia state. (Unattested)

#### Northern

* Masacará - extinct language once spoken south of the city of Juazeiro and in the old mission of Saco dos Morcegos, state of Bahia.

### Mason (1950)

Camacán (Kamakán) varieties listed by Mason (1950):
* Camacán (Kamakán)
** Mongoyó
** Monshocó (Ezeshio)
* Cutashó (Kotoxó)
** Catethoy (Katathoy)
* Menián (Manyá)
* Masacará

## Classification
### Martins (2007)

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages by Martins (2007):

#### Kamakã

* Masakará
* (core branch)
** Kamakã
** Menien
** Kotoxó, Mongoyó
Masakará is the most divergent language.

### Ramirez (2015)

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Ramirez, et al. (2015):
* Masakará
* Kamakã proper
** Menien
** Kamakã (including Kotoxó, Mongoyó, Monxokó, Katatoi, etc.)

### Nikulin (2020)

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Nikulin (2020):
* Masakará
* Southern Kamakã
** Menien
** Kamakã; Kotoxó/Mongoyó

## Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.
    glossKamakanMangalóMenienKutashoMasacará head heróheroinroheróaxaró eye an-kedókedóim-gutókithógätxt tooth txódióyodióthüó foot wadéuadähoatahuaxtö water d sansasasintsyin fire yakódiaxkayarútiakílguxá star pʔiongpéopiniapiãopinatsö maize hikamhikeshokshókethiókäxü jaguar yakoe-dereyaké-derékukiamútiuké-hiáyakveo black kohadakoaxédakuatátákoeixtá

## Proto-language

Proto-Kamakã reconstructions by Martins (2007):
    Portuguese gloss (original)English gloss (translated)Proto-Kamakã águawater*tsã andarto walk*mã antatapir*here araramacaw*tʃoke arcobow*kwã árvoretree*hi bananabanana*tako beberto drink*ka beber (água)to drink (water)*tsã-ka belobeautiful*tʃoho bocamouth*eriko brancowhite*kVhVro cabeçahead*hero cabelohair*ke carnemeat*kohoaja casahouse*toa chuvarain*tsã comerto eat*jukwa dentetooth*tʃo dormirto sleep*hondõ esp. de bananabanana sp.*tako estrelastar*pio facaknife*ketʃa, *ketja feijãobean*kinja filhadaughter*kiaxrará filha, filhodaughter, son*krani filhoson*ketje flechaarrow*hwaj, *waj fogofire*tʃakɨ, *tjakɨ irmãsister*tʃakarata, *jak(a)ratã luamoon*hetʃe, *hedje macacomonkey*kaũ machadoaxe*kedo madeirawood*hi)-ta mandiocamanioc*kajɨ mãohand*ker meninoboy*kwanĩ milhomaize*ketʃo milhomaize*ketjo muitovery*hie-hie nariznose*niniko olhoeye*keto onça (Felis onça)jaguar (Felis)*jake orelhaear*nikoka paifather*kehentã papagaioparrot*karaj pássarobird*tʃano pequenosmall*(V)ta preto, negroblack*kwahda, *kwaxda quaticoati*pitako