OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Winters

Joseph Richard Winters (August 29, 1824 – November 29, 1916) was an African-American abolitionist and inventor who, on May 7, 1878, received U.S. Patent number 203,517 for a wagon-mounted fire escape ladder. On April 8, 1879, he received U.S. Patent number 214,224 for an improvement on the ladder. On May 16, 1882, he received U.S. Patent number 258,186 for a fire escape ladder that could be affixed to buildings.
It has been erroneously cited that Winters was the original inventor of the wagon-mounted fire escape. Winters' version was patented 29 years after George Huttman and George Kornelio initially introduced the idea in 1849. However, Winters' ladder replaced the wooden ladder with a metal frame and parallel steps. Winters' innovation was utilized by the Chambersburg, Pennsylvania fire department who mounted the ladder on a horse-drawn wagon.
Joseph R. Winters was born in Leesburg, Virginia to an African-American brickmaker and a Shawnee Indian mother, who was the daughter of a noted herbalist and medical practitioner referred to as the "Indian doctor woman." The family relocated to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania around 1840. Joseph Winters worked as a farmer, and later as a mechanic for the Cumberland Valley Railroad. He was a noted fisherman and hunter; "Black and white residents long remembered him for his great nature knowledge and skills, especially in fishing and fly making." He was also a poet and lyricist, and composed a song supporting the 1900 presidential campaign of William Jennings Bryan, as well as another song entitled "Ten Days after the Battle of Gettysburg." He also wrote an autobiography with the same title, but no copies seem to have survived.
During the time Winters lived in Chambersburg, he was active in the Underground Railroad. It has been said that it was Winters who arranged the famous meeting between Frederick Douglass and John Brown before the latter's abortive attempt to take the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859.
Winters died in 1916 and is buried in Mount Vernon Cemetery in Chambersburg.
In 2005, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission erected a historical marker honoring Winters at the Junior Hose & Truck Company #2 of Chambersburg at 130 North Second Street.
# Manitoba Provincial Road 246

Provincial Road 246 (PR 246) is a 36.0-kilometre-long (22.4 mi) provincial road in both the Pembina Valley and Eastman regions of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from PR 200 near Ste. Agathe to PTH 75 at St. Jean Baptiste.
Both PR 246 and PR 200 are often referred to as St. Mary's Road, as the two roads mostly follow the old St. Mary's Road that once connected Winnipeg and Emerson on the east side of the Red River. Today, most of PR 246 is gravel road; only a short section near St. Jean Baptiste is paved. The southern terminus of PR 246 at St. Jean Baptiste has been cut off from the rest of the road since the bridge over the Red River was closed in 2013 and later demolished.
A 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) section between PR 205 and Provincial Trunk Highway (PTH) 23 is due to be upgraded and paved by the Manitoba government to serve as a detour for when PTH 75, a major transportation route that runs along the west side of the river, is closed at Morris due to flooding.

## History

Prior to 1992, PR 246 continued 18.9 kilometres (11.7 mi) southwest from St. Jean Baptiste along Road 18N and Road 3E, crossing PTH 14 along its way to St. Joseph, where it came to an end at an intersection with PR 201. The 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) section between PR 201 in St. Joseph and PTH 14 is now known as PR 426, being known as PR 420 between 1994 and 2008.

## Major intersections

| Division | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Montcalm | St. Jean Baptiste | 0.0 | 0.0 | PTH 75 (Lord Selkirk Highway) – Letellier, Morris | Southern terminus; road continues as Road 18 NE |
| Montcalm | St. Jean Baptiste | 0.6 | 0.37 | Bridge over the Plum River | Bridge over the Plum River |
| Montcalm | St. Jean Baptiste | 1.6 | 0.99 | Caron Street to PTH 75 | |
| Montcalm | St. Jean Baptiste | 1.7– 2.0 | 1.1– 1.2 | Bridge over the Red River (closed in 2013) | Bridge over the Red River (closed in 2013) |
| Montcalm | ​ | 3.0 | 1.9 | PR 217 east – Arnaud | Western terminus of PR 217; southern end of unpaved section; begins following St. Mary's Road |
| Montcalm - Morris boundary | ​ | 13.0 | 8.1 | PTH 23 – Morris, Dufrost | Northern end of unpaved section |
| Morris | Aubigny | 26.1 | 16.2 | PR 205 – Rosenort, St-Pierre-Jolys | Southern end of unpaved section |
| Ritchot | ​ | 36.0 | 22.4 | PR 200 (St. Mary's Road) – Ste. Agathe, Dominion City | Northern terminus; northern end of unpaved section; St. Mary's Road follows PR 200 northbound |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Closed/former ||||||
# Kush

Kush or Cush may refer to:

## Bible

* Cush (Bible), two people and one or more places in the Hebrew Bible

## Places

* Kingdom of Kush, an ancient kingdom in Nubia
* Kush (mountain), a mountain near Kalat, Pakistan Balochistan
* Kush (Ras Al Khaimah), precursor settlement to Julfar
* Kush (satrapy), a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
* Hindu Kush, a mountain range in Afghanistan
* Cush (hill), a mountain in County Tipperary, Ireland

## People
### Given name

* Kush Arora, dub and bhangra music producer from San Francisco
* Cush Jumbo (born 1985), English actress
* Kush Maini (born 2000), Indian racing driver
* Kusha (Ramayana), one of the twin sons of Lord Rama and Sita

### Surname

* Lennox Cush (born 1974), Guyanese–American cricketer
* Wilbur Cush (1928–1981), Northern Irish football player
* Emil Kush (1916–1969), American baseball player
* Eric Kush (born 1989), American football player
* Frank Kush (1929–2017), American football coach
* Kundan Singh Kush (1881–1967), Arya Samaj missionary
* Rod Kush (born 1956), American football player
* Vladimir Kush (born 1965), Russian painter

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Music

* Kush (American band), American rap metal band
* Kush (Australian band), Australian jazz rock band from the 1970s
* "Kush" (song), a 2010 single by Dr. Dre
* The Kush, a 2007 album by the rapper Havoc

### Other arts, entertainment, and media

* Kush (Conan), a nation in the fictional world of Conan the Barbarian
* Kush (film), 2007 independent action-thriller film
* "Kush" (Sanctuary), an episode of the science fiction series Sanctuary
* KUSH, a radio station (1600 AM) licensed to serve Cushing, Oklahoma, United States
* Kush Games, a now-defunct game development studio

## Plants

* Kush (cannabis), a family of potent cannabis strains named for the Hindu Kush
* Kusha grass, Desmostachya bipinnata, a perennial grass species

## Other uses

* Kush (maize), a cornmeal preparation similar to grits or polenta
* Kush Housing Association, a social landlord in London, England
* Synthetic cannabinoids, artificial drugs sometimes known as kush
* Kush (red panda), a male red panda known for escaping Curraghs Wildlife Park
# Fondamente

Fondamente (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Fondamenta, before 1987: Montpaon) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

## Geography

The village lies on the right bank of the Sorgues, which flows west-southwest through the northern part of the commune.
# 199th Infantry Division (German Empire)

The 199th Infantry Division (199. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I.
# Genaro Magsaysay

Genaro del Fierro Magsaysay (19 September 1924 – 25 December 1978) was a Filipino politician and lawyer.

## Career

He was born in Castillejos, Zambales on 19 September 1924. Magsaysay earned a bachelor's degree in law from the Ateneo de Manila University, and ran in his first national level election in 1957 under the Nacionalista Party banner, shortly after the death of his elder brother, President Ramon Magsaysay. Genaro Magsaysay served in the House of Representatives, representing Zambales Lone District until 1959, when he contested his first Senate election. He won reelection to the Senate in 1965 and served a second six-year term.
In 1969, Sergio Osmeña Jr. and Genaro Magsaysay formed the Liberal Party presidential ticket, losing to incumbent Ferdinand Marcos. Afterwards, Magsaysay represented the Liberal Party in the Senate from 1971 to 1972. During his 1971 senatorial campaign, Magsaysay was injured by two grenade explosions while attending a political rally in Manila, as were fellow politicians Ramon Bagatsing, Eva Estrada Kalaw, Eddie Ilarde, Ramon Mitra Jr., and John Henry Osmeña. Over the course of his legislative career, Magsaysay was active in infrastructure and social service initiatives. Described by writer Yen Makabenta as "no talk, no mistake," Magsaysay did not often engage in oration or parliamentary debate.

## Personal life

Magsaysay died on 25 December 1978, and was interred in Manila North Cemetery. He was married to Adelaida Rodriguez, the daughter of Eulogio Rodriguez. Their second child, Eulogio Magsaysay, has also served as a member of the House of Representatives. An affair with actress Lyn Madrigal produced daughters - Genevieve Magsaysay and Genelyn Magsaysay, who was the mother of actor Ramgen Revilla.
# Quapa

Quapa is a former Tongva village located in Encino or the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, California. It was one of several villages located within the San Fernando Valley area, including Kowanga, Mapipinga, Okowvinja, Pascegna, Saway-yanga, Tacuenga, and Tuyunga.
The general location of the village was recorded by Padre Santa Maria in 1796, though it is claimed that he was inaccurate. Hugo Reid who had married a Gabrielina, claimed it had been part of Mission San Gabriel.
In 1833, after the mission was secularized, it was recorded that 2,784 native people were baptized, 1,367 of whom were children, from 1797 to 1833. At the end of this period, around 400 native people survived to the end of the mission period. Many of the native people moved to surrounding communities in the area.
# Local Kung Fu (film series)

The Local Kung Fu film series consists of Assamese Kung fu martial arts-comedy film. Created by Kenny Deori Basumatary. The films revolve around the locality of Guwahati city, and Kung fu art. The story is pushed forward by a gang of thugs, their misadventures, lackadaisical, messy, and problematic handling of their illicit activities.
The first movie was an independent film shot on Handycam. It grossed over 18 times its production budget. Subsequent installments received mixed responses, usually dwarfed by simultaneous releases with pan India big budget films.

## Films

| Film | Release date | Director | Screenwriter | Story by | Producers |
| Local Kung Fu | 27 September 2013 | Kenny Basumatary | Kenny Basumatary | Kenny Basumatary | Kenny Basumatary |
| Local Kung Fu 2 | 19 April 2017 | Kenny Basumatary | Kenny Basumatary | Kenny Basumatary | Durlov Baruah |
| Local Kung Fu 3 | 5 September 2024 | Kenny Basumatary | Kenny Basumatary | Kenny Basumatary | Durlov Baruah |

### Local Kung Fu

Charlie, an amateur kungfu enthusiasts, stand up against a local thugs, who want to coerce his girlfriend uncle to set up an illicit business.

### Local Kung Fu 2

A spiritual sequel to Local Kung Fu (2013), about two pair of doppelganger twins. One pair of twin are crooks and know Kung fu, while another pair of twin is businessmen and doesn't know Kung fu.

### Local Kung Fu 3

A direct sequel to Local Kung Fu, the thug tries to mend their way after their illegal activities led to destroying of their childhood teacher dream.

## Development

The first movie was an independent film, produced with investment from Basumatary mother of 1,00,000 INR, of which 43,000 INR were spent on the purchase of a camera. Basumatary cast many of his relatives and friends into the movie to keep production expenditure low, and within budget. Durlov Baruah stepped in and made an investment of 7,00,000 for promotion of the film. The film earned approximately 18,00,000 INR at the end of its theatrical run.
The second film was made for approximately 30,00,000 INR, with investment from multiple sources:
* 7,00,000 INR from Hero MotoCorp and Vivo
* 9,00,000 INR through Wishberry crowdfunding
* 8-10,00,000 INR from Basumatary and parents
For the third installment, Basumatary hired 38 fighters and choreographed one climax fight scene with 29 actors on one 'long take'.

## Release

Local Kung Fu was released in theatres but was ousted by the release of Besharam. Similarly, its sequel was ousted by Bahubali 2. Both of the films were pan India releases.
# Fousseni Diawara

Fousseni Diawara (born 28 August 1980) is a professional football manager and former player who played as a right-back. Born in France, he played for the Mali national team between 2001 and 2015.

## Club career

Starting his career in Parisien club Red Star, Diawara moved to Saint-Étienne in 2000 and made his debut against Rennes in September.
In January 2008, Diawara signed a 2.5-year deal with Panionios
On 10 September 2009, he signed a one-year deal with Istres. He signed for Ajaccio on 16 June 2010.

## International career

Diawara played international matches for the Mali national team.

## Managerial career

Diawara began his career as Mali national team coordinator at the end of his professional career after 2014–15 season.
On 12 December 2023 he was named assistant coach of Guinea national team. He will support the coach Kaba Diawara.

## Personal life

Diawara holds both French and Malian nationalities. He is the brother of footballers Samba and Abdoulaye.

## Honours

Mali
* Africa Cup of Nations bronze: 2013
# Robert Marmion (died 1144)

Robert Marmion (died 1144) was an Anglo-Norman baron and soldier who rose to prominence during the wars between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda.

## Origins

From a Norman family originating at Fontenay-le-Marmion and born before 1108, he was the son and heir of Roger Marmion or Robert de Marmion, who held lands in Lincolnshire.

## Career

After the death of his father shortly before November 1129, he gave away some of his inherited estates to the nuns of Polesworth Abbey and the monks of Bardney Abbey. He also entered into contention with William Beauchamp over tenure of Tamworth Castle, where before 1135 he received a grant of free warren from King Henry I of England. Sources that call him 1st Baron of Tamworth are misleading, as no such claim is recognised by modern authorities.
When civil war broke out in 1139, he rallied to the side of King Stephen and was sent to hold Falaise Castle in Normandy against attack from Matilda's husband, Geoffrey of Anjou. He proved to be "a warlike man with no match for boldness, fierceness or cunning" and his successful defence led Geoffrey to destroy his ancestral castle of Fontenay in reprisal.
Recalled to England, he was engaged in the assault on Coventry Castle, held by the formidable Ranulf II, Earl of Chester. He expelled the monks from the nearby St Mary's Priory and made its stone buildings into a fortified base for launching attacks on the castle. He also had ditches dug in front of the priory to impede his opponents. When the earl arrived with a relieving force, on about 16 September 1144 Marmion went out with his men to confront them but was thrown from his horse. Upon landing in one of his ditches, he was immobilized by a broken thigh and beheaded by a common soldier.
He was buried at Polesworth, in unconsecrated ground as he had been excommunicated for his desecration of St Mary's Priory.

## Family

His wife was named Millicent, a relation of King Henry I's second wife Adeliza of Louvain. Some sources say she was the daughter of Gervais, Count of Rethel, elder brother of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. After Robert's death, she married Richard Camville.
Their son is given in some sources as Robert, who died before October 1181 and is supposed to be the father of a third Robert, dead in 1218.
# Samuel E. Smith

Samuel Emerson Smith (March 12, 1788 – March 4, 1860) was an American politician from Maine. Smith served as the tenth governor of Maine.

## Early life

Smith was born in Hollis, New Hampshire on March 12, 1788. He graduated from Harvard University in 1808. He then studied law.

## Career

Smith was admitted to the bar in 1812. Smith practiced law in Wiscasset, Maine. He served as a representative to the Massachusetts General Court in 1819. He was as a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1820 to 1821. In 1821 he was appointed chief justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas of the Second District and upon the reorganization of the court system, became an associate judge of its replacement court from 1822 to 1830.

## Governor of Maine

Smith became the Governor of Maine in 1831. During his administration, the state capitol was moved from Portland to Augusta. The controversy over the northeastern boundary of the US, mainly the border between Maine and New Brunswick, continued to escalate. He left office on January 1, 1834.

## Later life

After leaving the office, Smith was reappointed to the Court of Common Pleas. He served there from 1835 to 1837. He died on March 4, 1860.
# James Stewart (artilleryman)

James Stewart (May 18, 1826 – April 8, 1905) was a Scottish-born American soldier who served as an artilleryman during the American Civil War. Stewart immigrated to the United States from Scotland in 1844.

## Military career

Stewart joined the United States Army as a Private in 1851. Continuously serving in 4th U.S. Light Artillery, Battery B; by late 1861 he was its First Sergeant. Battery commander John Gibbon, soon to become a Major General, described Stewart as "the best first sergeant I ever saw in the service.". In November 1861 he was commissioned as Second Lieutenant. At the Battle of Antietam, his artillery battery was the first deployed into the Cornfield, helping to stop Hood's Division. When the commanding officer Captain Joseph B. Campbell was wounded, Stewart took command. Stewart commanded the battery, the only regular artillery in the I Corps, during the Battle of Gettysburg. This battery also suffered the highest overall casualty figure of any I Corps battery. During the first day of fighting at Gettysburg, Stewart was placed west of the Thompson House, supported by the Sixth Wisconsin, plus the 11th and 143rd Pennsylvania regiments. On August 1, 1864, he was brevetted captain for "gallant services at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and during the present campaign before Richmond..."
After the war he remained in the Regular Army, being transferred to the 18th U.S. Infantry Regiment. He retired as a Major in 1879.
# Kevin Farell

Alan Kevin Farell Cuéllar (born 27 March 1996) is a Bolivian footballer who plays for Real Santa Cruz as an attacking midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Farell was an Academía Tahuichi youth graduate. After making his senior debut with hometown's Club Florida, he moved to Callejas in 2014.
Farell joined LFPB side Blooming on 5 February 2016, initially on loan until June. He made his debut for the club on 7 May, coming on as a late substitute for Didí Torrico in a 2–0 away loss against Nacional Potosí.
Bought outright ahead of the 2016–17 season, Farell was made a starter by manager Mauricio Soria. He scored his first professional goal on 16 October 2016, netting the third in a 4–0 away routing of Guabirá.

## International career

On 4 November 2016, Farell was called up by Bolivia national team manager Ángel Hoyos for two 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Venezuela and Paraguay. However, he remained unused in both matches.
# 2024–2025 Kansas tuberculosis outbreak

Starting in 2024, the U.S. state of Kansas experienced a sudden rise in cases of tuberculosis, with 67 active cases. 109 cases of tuberculosis were recorded in Kansas in 2024, compared to 51 in 2023. It is the largest tuberculosis outbreak in the U.S. since documentation began in the 1950s.
The Kansas Department of Health and Environment has not publicly identified the source of the outbreak.

## History

The first tuberculosis cases related to the outbreak were recorded in January 2024. Two deaths were linked to the outbreak in 2024. Containment efforts by local authorities began in summer 2024, with guidance from the CDC.
As of January 2025, 67 active cases and 79 latent cases (in which an individual tests positive, but does not show symptoms or transmit the bacteria) have been connected to the outbreak.

## Impact

Kansas state officials have said that most cases have been located in Wyandotte County.
# Virgil Solis

Virgil Solis or Virgilius Solis (1514 – 1 August 1562), a member of a prolific family of artists, was a German draughtsman and printmaker in engraving, etching and woodcut who worked in his native city of Nuremberg.

## Biography

His prints were sold separately (mainly the etchings and engravings) or formed the illustrations of books (normally the woodcuts); many prints signed by him are probably by assistants. After his death his widow married his assistant and continued the workshop into the early seventeenth century.
His woodcuts illustrating Ovid were especially influential, though partly borrowing from earlier illustrations by the French artist Bernard Salomon. They were reprinted and copied in many different editions, in Latin and translations into various languages; the Ovid from which the illustration at right has been taken was printed at Frankfurt in 1581. He published an armorial of the Holy Roman Empire in 1555. Jost Amman was an assistant of Solis' before starting his own workshop.
Solis eventually died in Nuremberg. Eduard von Ubisch wrote a comprehensive description of Solis' life and work in relation to the Bible images in 1889.

## Gallery

Illustrations from 1562 to illustrate Ovid's Metamorphoses, book 5.
* Urania
* Clio
* Euterpe
* Thalia
* Melpomene
* Terpsichore
* Erato
* Polyhymnia
* Calliope
# Kentucky Governor's Mansion

The Kentucky Governor's Mansion is a historic residence in Frankfort, Kentucky. It is located at the East lawn of the Capitol, at the end of Capital Avenue. On February 1, 1972, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places.
It was built in 1912–14 for use as the governor's mansion, according to designs submitted by Weber, Werner & Adkins of Cincinnati, Ohio. The politically connected Weber Brothers, Edward Addison Weber and Christian C. Weber received and handled the commission officially. However, because neither appears to have any architectural or design training, "the actual designer appears to have been John Scudder Adkins (1872-1931), a well-trained and talented St. Louis-born architect who moved to Cincinnati in 1893." Adkins designed several notable commercial and institutional buildings as well as residences throughout the mid-west. John Adkins and G.S. Werner were partners in a firm prior to merging with as the Weber brothers' firm. The firm was selected from among four firms invited to submit plans.
The new mansion replaced the Old Governor's Mansion, built in 1798, which still stands, at 420 High Street, Frankfort. The Act specified that the new mansion should be "constructed, trimmed and finished with native stone produced from quarries in Kentucky." The Beaux-Arts design owed a great deal to the Petit Trianon at Versailles' interiors were in neoclassical French taste. The landscaping design for the mansion was developed and implemented by William Speed of Louisville.
In 1980, Kentucky's First Lady, Phyllis George Brown, began a fundraising effort called Save the Mansion, designed to fund the restoration of the interior and furnish the building. The restoration project was completed in the spring of 1983. The Governor's Mansion Preservation Foundation is a charitable trust that is charged with conservation of the historic structure. The Governor's Mansion is regularly open for tours.