# Hualien City

Hualien City (pinyin: Huālián Shì; Wade-Giles: Hua¹-lien² Shih⁴; Hokkien POJ: Hoa-lian-chhī or Hoa-liân-chhī) is a county-administered city and the county seat of Hualien County, Taiwan. It is located on the east coast of Taiwan on the Pacific Ocean, and has a population of 99,458 inhabitants.

## Name

Hualien County annals (花蓮縣志) record that the city was called "Kilai" (Chinese: 奇萊; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kî-lâi) until the early twentieth century. This name refers to the Sakiraya Taiwanese aborigines and their settlement.
After Taiwan came under Japanese rule in 1895 its governors sought to change the name because "Kilai" is pronounced the same as the Japanese word for "dislike" (嫌い, kirai). The name was eventually changed to Karen Harbour (Japanese: 花蓮港, Hepburn: Karenkō). After World War II the incoming Kuomintang-led Republic of China retained the Kanji spelling but shortened the name to just Karen (花蓮), or Hualien via Chinese romanization.

## History

The Spaniards built mines for gold in Hualien in 1622. Permanent settlements began in 1851, when 2,200 Han Chinese farmers led by Huang A-fong (黃阿鳳) from Taipei arrived at Fengchuan (now the area near Hualien Rear Station). In 1875, more farmers, led by Lin Cang-an (林蒼安) from Yilan, settled at Fengchuan.
Settlements in the area remained small by the start of Japanese rule. The city was expanded circa 1912 by its Japanese governor to incorporate Guohua (國華) and Guoan (國安) Villages, a region later known as Old New Port (舊新港街). In 1920, Karenkō Town (花蓮港街) was established, and around 1923 it was extended to Riran Port (鯉浪港), today known as "New Port" (新港), including the Guowei and Guoji Villages. In 1940, the town was upgraded to Karenkō City, Karenkō Prefecture.
On 25 October 1945, Taiwan was handed over from Japan to the Republic of China under Kuomintang government. In January 1946, the incoming Kuomintang designated Hualien City a county-administered city of Hualien County and to be the county seat.
On 3 April 2024, a major earthquake struck near Hualien.

## Subdivisions

The 45 villages (里) of the city are divided into six village unions (聯合里): (in Hanyu Pinyin)
* The first union: Minyun (民運), Minle (民樂), Minxiang (民享), Minyi (民意), Minxin (民心), Minli (民立), Minde (民德), Minzheng (民政), Minqin (民勤), Minxiao (民孝)
* The second union: Minsheng (民生), Minquan (民權), Minzu (民族), Minyou (民有), Minzhu (民主), Minzhi (民治)
* The third union: Zhuji (主計), Zhuyi (主義), Zhuxin (主信), Zhuqin (主勤), Zhushang (主商), Zhugong (主工)
* The fourth union: Zhuxue (主學), Zhuquan (主權), Zhunong (主農), Zhuhe (主和), Zhuli (主力), Zhu'an (主安), Zhumu (主睦)
* The fifth union: Guofeng (國風), Guofang (國防), Guozhi (國治), Guoguang (國光), Guohun (國魂), Guo'an (國安), Guowei (國威), Guohua (國華), Guolian (國聯), Guosheng (國盛)
* The sixth union: Guofu (國富), Guoyu (國裕), Guoqing (國慶), Guoqiang (國強), Guofu (國福), Guoxing (國興)
The newest villages from 2002 are Guosheng, Guoxing, Minxiao, and Minzhu.

## Government institutions

* Hualien County Government
* Hualien County Council

## Demographics

As of 2020, Hualien City had 12,855 aboriginal people, account for 12.48% of total population of the city. The majority of the aborigines that reside in Hualien include the Amis, Atayal, Truku and Bunun. Hualien City is also the most densely populated area in Hualien county.

## Climate

Hualien experiences a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with frequent cyclones, as it borders the Pacific Ocean. It closely borders on a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with the average temperature of the coldest month being just above 18 °C, as well as a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with the driest month's precipitation narrowly missing the 60 mm mark. The city experiences significant rainfall year-round and the temperature there averages 23.4 °C (74.1 °F). Precipitation in the city averages 2,177 mm (85.7 in). January is the city's driest month, while September tends to be the wettest.
Climate data for Hualien (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1910–present） :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.6 (85.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.2 (88.2) | 33.6 (92.5) | 34.3 (93.7) | 34.7 (94.5) | 36.3 (97.3) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.2 (95.4) | 37.0 (98.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 37.4 (99.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 26.2 (79.2) | 28.7 (83.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 30.7 (87.3) | 28.3 (82.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 27.1 (80.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.5 (72.5) | 19.7 (67.5) | 23.7 (74.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.6 (63.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.2 (75.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 17.2 (63.0) | 21.0 (69.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | 9.6 (49.3) | 14.6 (58.3) | 16.8 (62.2) | 20.1 (68.2) | 19.8 (67.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 12.5 (54.5) | 8.1 (46.6) | 6.5 (43.7) | 4.4 (39.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 54.6 (2.15) | 74.7 (2.94) | 76.7 (3.02) | 76.6 (3.02) | 186.9 (7.36) | 165.5 (6.52) | 198.5 (7.81) | 258.8 (10.19) | 329.9 (12.99) | 350.6 (13.80) | 175.1 (6.89) | 83.6 (3.29) | 2,031.5 (79.98) |
| Average rainy days | 13.4 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 15.8 | 11.6 | 8.2 | 10.4 | 13.2 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 11.2 | 151.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75.6 | 76.9 | 77.4 | 78.9 | 80.2 | 80.4 | 77.1 | 78.0 | 77.8 | 75.2 | 75.7 | 74.0 | 77.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 68.7 | 67.8 | 85.7 | 98.1 | 124.3 | 180.9 | 255.6 | 228.0 | 163.1 | 124.3 | 93.2 | 74.2 | 1,563.9 |
| Source: Central Weather Bureau ||||||||||||||

## Education

There are 3 universities, 12 senior high schools, 4 junior high schools, 16 elementary schools.

### Universities

* National Dong Hwa University, Meilun campus
* Tzu Chi University

### High schools

* National Hualien Senior High School
* National Hualien Girls' Senior High School
* Tzu Chi High School

## Industries

Hualien City is the center of politics, economy and transportation of Hualien County.

## Medical care

* Hualien Tzu Chi Medical Center (First Medical Center in Eastern Taiwan)
* Mennonite Christian Hospital
* Hualien Hospital, Department of Health, Execusive Yuan

## Tourist attractions

Hualien is most famous as the jumping off point for Taroko Gorge National Park. Taroko Gorge is billed as the largest marble canyon in the world. Tours from Hualien City are available in large bus tours or smaller group or private tours. Taroko Gorge features suspension bridges, trails, rivers, waterfalls and more.
* Dongdamen Night Market
* Hualien Al-Falah Mosque
* Hualien Baseball Stadium
* Hualien County Stone Sculptural Museum
* Hualien Cultural and Creative Industries Park
* Hualien Martyrs' Shrine
* Hualien Railway Culture Park
* Pine Garden
* North Beach Park (Beibin Park) Archived 2018-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
* South Beach Park and Night Market (Nanbin Park)
* Meilun Mountain Park Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
* Hualien Fish Market Archived 2021-04-14 at the Wayback Machine
* Old Railroad Cultural Shopping Street Archived 2021-04-14 at the Wayback Machine
* Rock Street
* Whale Watching
* Jing Si Hall (Meditation Hall) Archived 2018-10-09 at the Wayback Machine of the Tzu Chi Foundation
* Gong Tian Temple

## Transportation
### Air

Hualien City is served by Hualien Airport located at the neighboring Xincheng Township of Hualien County. The airport is about 10 minutes drive to the city.

### Rail

* Hualien Station, TRA North-Link Line and Hualien–Taitung Line

### Sea

The Port of Hualien is an international port in the city with liners sailing to Japan, Middle East, Southeast Asia and South Korea.

### Road

* Provincial Highway No. 9
* Provincial Highway No. 11
* County Road No.193

## Notable natives

* Hsieh Chia-hsien, baseball player
* Huang Teng-hui, artist and entrepreneur
* Lin Man-ting, football and futsal player
* Yeh Kuang-shih, Deputy Mayor of Kaohsiung (2018–2020)
* Yang Mu, poet, writer

## Gallery

* Martyrs' shrine in Hualien
* Formosa Express tourist train
* Residential community
* Yuan Yeh Resort
* Roadside cemetery

## Twin towns – sister cities

Hualien City is twinned with:
* Ulsan, South Korea (1982)
* Yonaguni, Japan (1982)
* Albuquerque, United States (1983)
* Bellevue, United States (1984)
* Oudtshoorn, South Africa (1985)

### Friendly cities

Hualien City has friendly relations with:
* Takachiho, Japan (2005)
* Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, United States (2007)