# The Voyevoda (opera)

The Voyevoda (Russian: Воево́да listen), Op. 3, is an opera in 3 acts and 4 scenes, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky with a libretto written by Alexander Ostrovsky and based on his play The Voyevoda (A Dream on the Volga) (Russian: Воевода (Сон на Волге)).
The opera was composed between March 1867 and July 1868, and it received its first performance on 11 February [OS January 30] 1869 at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. It was a benefit for Alexandra Menshikova.
In the 1870s Tchaikovsky destroyed the manuscript full score of the opera, while recycling much of the first act in his The Oprichnik (1870–1872). The subject of The Voyevoda was thus left available to his former pupil Anton Arensky to compose as the opera Dream on the Volga in 1888. Decades later, during the Soviet period, The Voyevoda was posthumously reconstructed from surviving orchestral and vocal parts and the composer's sketches.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast 11 February [OS 30 January] 1869 Conductor: Eduard Merten) |
| Nechay Shalïgin, the voyevoda | bass | Finokki |
| Vlas Dyuzhoy, a wealthy merchant | bass | Radonezhsky |
| Marya Vlasyevna, his wife | soprano | Alexandra Menshikova |
| Praskovya Vlasyevna, his older daughter | soprano | Kronenberg |
| Nastasya | soprano | Annenskaya |
| Stepan Bastryukov, son of a wealthy nobleman' | tenor | Rapport |
| Roman Dubrovin | baritone | Demidov |
| Olena, his wife | mezzo-soprano | Ivanova |
| Rezvïy, Bastryukov's servant | bass | Bozhanovsky |
| Jester | tenor | Lavrov |
| Nedviga, a nurse | mezzo-soprano | Rozanova |
| New voyevoda | bass | Korin |
| Chorus, silent roles: Noblemen, merchants, servants, maidens, people |||

## Instrumentation

* Strings: Violins I, Violins II, Violas, Cellos, and Double Basses
* Woodwinds: Piccolo, 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, Cor Anglais, 2 Clarinets (B-flat & A), 2 Bassoons
* Brass: 4 Horns (all in F), 2 Trumpets (B-flat), 3 Trombones, Tuba
* Percussion: Timpani, Triangle, Cymbals, Bass Drum
* Other: Harp
Source: Voyevoda (opera) Tchaikovsky Research

## Synopsis

Time: The middle of the 17th century Place: A large city on the Volga River
    Overture

### Act 1

    No.1 Chorus of Maidens & Scena
    No.2 Mariya's Ballad & Duet
    No.3 Scena
    No.4 Bastryukov's Aria
    No.5 Scena & Duet
    No.6 Scena
    No.7 Scena
    No.8 Quartet & Scena
    No.9 Finale

### Act 2

    No.10 Introduction
    No.11 Chorus of Servants
    No.12 Bastryukov's Aria
    No.13 Scena & Dubrovin's Aria
    No.14 Entr'acte & Dances of the Chambermaids
    No.15 Scena & Mariya's Song
    No.16 Scena
    No.17 Duet
    No.18 Scena
    No.19 Scena & Khorovod

### Act 3

    No.20 Entr'acte
    No.21 Scena & Dubrovin's Aria
    No.22 Scena
    No.23 Quartet
    No.24 Scena
    No.25 Duet
    No.26 Scena & Quartet
    No.27 Scena
    No.28 Quintet
    No.29 Scena & Chorus
    No.30 Scena
    No.31 Closing Scena
Source: Tchaikovsky Research

## Derived works

* The Entr'acte and Dances of the Chambermaids from Act 2 were based on the Characteristic Dances for orchestra (1865), and were also arranged for piano duet by Tchaikovsky.
* Under the pseudonym "Cramer", Tchaikovsky composed a Potpourri on themes from the opera The Voyevoda, for solo piano (1868).

## Similarly named works

* In 1886, Tchaikovsky wrote incidental music for the Domovoi scene from Alexander Ostrovsky's A Dream on the Volga. This is the same play that formed the basis of the opera, but the incidental music is otherwise unconnected to the opera.
* Tchaikovsky's symphonic ballad in A minor, entitled The Voyevoda, Op. 78 (1891), is based on Alexander Pushkin's translation of Adam Mickiewicz's poem and thus is not related to the like-named opera in either the music or the underlying story.
* Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Pan Voyevoda, set in Poland, likewise is not related to Ostrovsky's play.

## Recordings

* A complete recording of the opera has been issued on the Aquarius CD label, with Vladimir Kozhukhar conducting soloists with the Academic Grand Chorus of Central Television and All-Union Radio and the State Symphonic Orchestra of the USSR Ministry of culture.
* The lively, sometimes dramatic, overture has occasionally been performed and recorded. It is one of the few works of Tchaikovsky to be performed by Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra in a broadcast performance that was preserved on transcription discs. The overture, as well as the entr'acte and dances, was also included in Vox Records' complete recordings of Tchaikovsky's orchestral music, released on both LP and CD (with Dolby surround sound); János Fürst conducted the Bamberg Symphony.