OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thure de Thulstrup

Thure de Thulstrup (April 5, 1848 – June 9, 1930), born Bror Thure Thulstrup, was an American illustrator with contributions for numerous magazines, including three decades of work for Harper's Weekly. Thulstrup primarily illustrated historical military scenes.

## Early life and education

Thulstrup was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on April 5, 1848. His father was Sweden's Secretary of the Navy amongst other such positions.
After graduating from the Royal Swedish Military Academy, Thulstrup joined the Swedish military as an artillery officer at the age of twenty. However, he soon left Sweden for Paris, where he joined the French Foreign Legion and saw service in the Franco-Prussian War. Thulstrup also served in the French part of Northern Africa as a member of the First Zouave Regiment.

## Career

After leaving the French Army, Thulstrup moved to Canada in 1872 to become a civil engineer. He moved to the United States in 1873, where he became an artist for the New York Daily Graphic, and, later, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, documenting local events. As his skills improved, he became able to move into more and more prestigious roles, including work for Century, Harper's Monthly, and Scribner's Magazine. While living in New York, Thulstrup studied at the Art Students League. His military pictures include a series of paintings depicting the American Civil War, and illustrations of a Virginian lifestyle in the middle of the eighteenth century.
Thulstrup primarily illustrated historical military scenes, and was praised by one of his publishers, Louis Prang, as "the foremost military artist in America", a sentiment echoed by other contemporary critics. He also illustrated various other subjects.

## Personal life

Thulstrup married Lucie Bavoillot in 1879.

## Death

He died on June 9, 1930, leaving behind no children, and no personal papers of his have survived. Following his death, his illustrations have been labeled as "some of the most familiar scenes of American life now extant".

## Gallery

* Allan Quatermain orders his men to fire, having waited until the last minute, an 1888 illustration for H. Rider Haggard's Maiwa's Revenge during its serial publication in Harper's Monthly
* Grant from West Point to Appomattox, an 1885 lithograph by Thulstrup. Clockwise from lower left: Graduation from United States Military Academy at West Point (1843); In the tower at Chapultepec (1847); Drilling his Volunteers (1861); the Battle of Fort Donelson (1862); The Battle of Shiloh (1862); the Siege of Vicksburg (1863); the Chattanooga Campaign (1863); Appointment as Commander-in-Chief by Abraham Lincoln (1864); the Surrender of General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House (1865)
* Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, depicting the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
* The Battle of Gettysburg, depicting the Battle of Gettysburg, by Thure de Thulstrup
# Guo Yingqiu

Guo Yingqiu (Chinese: 郭影秋; 1909–1985) was a Chinese politician and educator.

## Biography

Guo Yingqiu was born in Tongshan County, Jiangsu in 1909. He almost faced execution caught up during the campaign to eliminate Trotskyists from the Chinese Communist Party.$^{:480}$ He was the Governor of Yunnan and the President of Nanjing University and Renmin University.

## Autobiography

* 《往事漫忆：郭影秋回忆录》 [Memories of the Past: Memoirs of Guo Yingqiu] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Renmin University Press. 2009-09-01. ISBN 9787300111506.
# Tin(II) iodide

Tin(II) iodide, also known as stannous iodide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnI$_2$. It is a red-orange solid. It reacts with iodine to give tin(IV) iodide.
Tin(II) iodide can be synthesised by heating metallic tin with a mixture iodine in 2 M hydrochloric acid.
    Sn + I$_2$ → SnI$_2$

## Structture

It crystallizes in a unique motif. According to X-ray crystallography, some Sn(II) centers are bound to six iodide ligands others Sn(II) sites are distorted.
# Banswara Assembly constituency

Banswara is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India.
It is part of Banswara district, and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2023, it is represented by Arjun Singh Bamnia of the Indian National Congress party.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Name | Party |
| 2008 | Arjun Singh Bamniya | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Dhan Singh Rawat | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | Arjun Singh Bamniya | Indian National Congress |
| 2023 | Arjun Singh Bamniya | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 2018

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Banswara :
| Party | Party | Candidate |
| | INC | Arjun Singh Bamnia |
| | NOTA | None of the Above |
| Majority | Majority | Majority |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout |
# Venere e Marte (song)

"Venere e Marte" is a 2021 song by musical duo Takagi & Ketra, with featured vocals by Italian singers Marco Mengoni and Frah Quintale. Written by Takagi & Ketra, Frah Quintale and Federica Abbate, it was released by Sony Music on 8 January 2021.
The song peaked at number 2 on the Italian singles chart and was certified double platinum in Italy.

## Music video

A music video of "Venere e Marte", starring actors Serena De Ferrari and Alessio La Padula, was released on 11 January 2021 via the YouTube channel of Takagi & Ketra. It was directed by YouNuts! and shot in Cinecittà World.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | 2× Platinum | 140,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Purine nucleoside phosphorylase

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, PNP, PNPase or inosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NP gene. It catalyzes the chemical reaction
    purine nucleoside + phosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are a purine nucleoside and phosphate, whereas its products are a purine and alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.

## Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is purine-nucleoside:phosphate ribosyltransferase.
Other names in common use include:
* inosine phosphorylase
* PNPase
* PUNPI
* PUNPII
* inosine-guanosine phosphorylase
* nucleotide phosphatase
* purine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase
* purine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylase
* purine nucleoside phosphorylase
* purine ribonucleoside phosphorylas
This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.

## Function

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. PNP metabolizes inosine into hypoxanthine and guanosine into guanine, in each case creating ribose phosphate. Note: adenosine is first metabolized to inosine via the enzyme adenosine deaminase.
Nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme which cleaves a nucleoside by phosphorylating the ribose to produce a nucleobase and ribose 1 phosphate. It is one enzyme of the nucleotide salvage pathways. These pathways allow the cell to produce nucleotide monophosphates when the de novo synthesis pathway has been interrupted or is non-existent (as is the case in the brain). Often the de novo pathway is interrupted as a result of chemotherapy drugs such as methotrexate or aminopterin.
All salvage pathway enzymes require a high energy phosphate donor such as ATP or PRPP.
* Thymidine can be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase (TK).
* Uridine can be phosphorylated by uridine kinase (UK).
* Cytidine can be phosphorylated by cytidine kinase (CK).
* Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase (DCK).
Adenosine uses the enzyme adenosine kinase, which is a very important enzyme in the cell. Attempts are being made to develop an inhibitor for the enzyme for use in cancer chemotherapy.

## Enzyme regulation

This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.

## Clinical significance

PNPase, together with adenosine deaminase (ADA), serves a key role in purine catabolism, referred to as the salvage pathway. Mutations in ADA lead to an accumulation of (d)ATP, which inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, leading to a deficiency in (d)CTPs and (d)TTPs, which, in turn, induces apoptosis in T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes, leading to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
PNP-deficient patients will have an immunodeficiency problem. It affects only T-cells; B-cells are unaffected by the deficiency.
# 1987 in Colombia

Events of 1987 in Colombia.

## Incumbents

* President: Virgilio Barco Vargas (1986–1990).
* Vice President: N/A.

## Events
### Ongoing

* Colombian conflict.

### January

* 23 January – The 1987 South American U-20 Championship begins in Armenia.

### February

* 8 February – The 1987 South American U-20 Championship ends, Colombia wins.
* 28 February – Santa Clara massacre: Armed men break into a house in Santa Clara, Fundación, Magdalena and kidnap a family of 4 and execute them in Puerto Piedra. The perpetrators are never determined.

### March

* 3 March – San Sebastián massacre: 5 people are murdered in rural San Sebastián, Cauca by armed men and are buried in a mass grave. The perpetrators are never determined.
* 5-6 March – 1987 Ecuador earthquakes: 6.0-7.2 Mw.

### April

* 13 April – Cimitarra Massacre: The village of Número Siete in Cimitarra, Santander is attacked by around 90 members of the Self-Defense Forces of Puerto Boyacá, who bring with them a list of names. They gather 14 people they accuse of being leftist guerilla sympathizers and execute them by the Carare River bank.

### June

* 10-22 June – The 37th Vuelta a Colombia is held, Pablo Wilches wins.

### July

* 11 July – The Colombia national football team plays Argentina in the third place play off leading up to the 1987 Copa América. Colombia wins 2 to 1.

### August

* 23 August – Popayán massacre.

### September

* September – El Porvenir massacre.

### October

* 11 October – Jaime Pardo Leal, 1986 presidential candidate for the Patriotic Union, is assassinated in a drive-by shooting between La Mesa and Bogotá.

### November

* 21 November – Narco-trafficker Jorge Ochoa is captured in El Cerrito, Valle del Cauca.

### December

* 30 December – Jorge Ochoa is released from prison on a habeas corpus petition.

### Uncertain

* The Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board (CGSB) is formed.

## Births

* 27 August – Juan David Díaz, footballer.
* 27 September – Karen Carreño, model.
* 1 December – Valeria Santa, actor.

## Deaths

* 11 October – Jaime Pardo Leal, union leader, lawyer, and politician (b. 1941).
# Mount Gifford

Mount Gifford is a 2,149-metre-elevation (7,051-foot) mountain in Fiordland, New Zealand.

## Description

Mount Gifford is part of the Darran Mountains, and is situated in the Southland Region of the South Island. It is set within Fiordland National Park which is part of the Te Wahipounamu UNESCO World Heritage Site. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains to the Hollyford River via Moraine Creek and Caples Creek. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,050 metres (6,726 feet) above the Hollyford Valley in three kilometres and 1,250 metres (4,101 feet) above Caples Creek in one kilometre.

## History

The mountain was named in 1939 by Dr. L. Stewart to honour Algernon Charles Gifford (1861–1948), an astronomer, explorer and teacher. The toponym has been officially approved by the New Zealand Geographic Board. The first ascent of the summit was made in October 1955 by Alistair McDonald and Ken Hamilton via the North East Ridge.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Gifford is located in a marine west coast climate zone. Prevailing westerly winds blow moist air from the Tasman Sea onto the mountain, where the air is forced upward by the mountains (orographic lift), causing moisture to drop in the form of rain and snow. The months of December through February offer the most favourable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
# Richard Teng

Richard Teng is a Singaporean business executive who is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Binance, a company that operates one of the largest cryptocurrency exchange in terms of daily trading volume of cryptocurrencies. Previously, he worked for the Monetary Authority of Singapore and was chief regulatory officer of the Singapore Exchange and CEO of the Abu Dhabi Global Market.

## Early life and education

Teng was born in Singapore. He earned an accounting degree from Nanyang Technological University and a master's degree in applied finance from the University of Western Australia.

## Career

Teng was a civil servant and business executive in the financial and regulatory sectors for three decades. He was the director of corporate finance at the Monetary Authority of Singapore, where he worked for thirteen years. He later held multiple positions at the Singapore Exchange (SGX), including: senior vice president, head of issuer regulation, chief of staff for risk management, and chief regulatory officer. He was CEO of the Abu Dhabi Global Market for six years starting in 2015.
Teng joined Binance in August 2021 as CEO of the company's Singapore business. He became regional head of Asia, Europe, and the Middle East and North Africa, in April 2023, and was later the global head of regional markets. He was named CEO of Binance in November 2023, replacing founder Changpeng Zhao who stepped down after pleading guilty to criminal charges related to his management of Binance. Previously, Teng was a board member of Abu Dhabi-based Lulu Financial Group in 2021–2022.
# Vince Molyneaux

Vincent Leo Molyneaux (August 17, 1888 – May 4, 1950) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Browns (1917) and Boston Red Sox (1918). Listed at 6' 0", 180 lb., Molyneaux batted and threw right-handed. A native of Lewiston, New York, he attended Niagara University and Villanova University.
In his career, Molyneaux posted a 1–0 record with a 4.41 ERA in 13 games, including five strikeouts, 28 walks, 21 hits allowed, and 32+1⁄3 innings of work without a save.
Molyneaux died at the age of 61 in Stamford, Connecticut.
Molyneaux was a member of the 1918 American League champion Red Sox, although he did not play in the World Series.
# Shahpura, Bhilwara Assembly constituency

Shahpura is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India.
It is part of Bhilwara district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 2003 | Ramratan Bairwa | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2008 | Mahaveer Prasad Mochi | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Kailash Chandra Meghwal | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | Kailash Chandra Meghwal | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Lalaram Bairwa | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2018

26909
Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Shahpura :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Kailash Chandra Meghwal | 101,451 | 59.70 |
| | INC | Mahaveer Prasad | 26909 | 15.84 |
| | Independent | Mahaveer | 784 | 0.46 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
# W. Dorr Legg

William Dorr Lambert Legg (December 15, 1904 — July 26, 1994), known as W. Dorr Legg, was an American landscape architect and one of the founders of the United States gay rights movement, then called the homophile movement.

## Early years

Born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the second child of Franc C. Dorr and Frank E. Legg, his older brother was Victor Eldred Legg and younger brother was Frank Evariste Legg, Jr.
He trained as a landscape architect at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and from 1935 was professor of landscape architecture at Oregon State Agricultural College (now Oregon State University). He moved back to Michigan in the 1940s to care for his father and the family business.
In 1949 he moved to Los Angeles with his partner Merton Bird. In 1950 the couple founded Knights of the Clock, a support group for interracial gay couples. The couple actively joined the national Mattachine Society, but quickly joined those Mattachine members who separated from the Mattachine Society to publish the first homophile magazine, ONE, Inc.
As publisher of the ONE's monthly magazine, Legg sued the United States Postal Service to defend the right of its publications to be distributed through the US Mail. The case, One, Inc. v. Olesen (355 U.S. 371; 78 S. Ct. 364; 2 L. Ed. 2d 352; 1958) was pursued through appeals to a successful conclusion in 1958 before the United States Supreme Court. Legg traveled to Germany in the 1950s to recover the remains of the archives of the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft.

## Writing

Legg wrote and edited Homophile Studies in Theory and Practice, published in 1994, co-published by One Institute Press, Los Angeles and GLB Publishers, San Francisco. In 1976 he helped compile An Annotated Bibliography of Homosexuality, which listed 13,000 works on the subject from around the world. "It was widely recognized as the first massive compilation of information about homosexuality," said Richard Docter, a retired psychology professor at California State University, Northridge. The landmark compendium helped encourage serious scholarship on gay and lesbian issues, Docter said. An Annotated Bibliography of Homosexuality (in two volumes), edited by Vern Bullough, W. Dorr Legg, Barrett W. Elcano, and James Kepner, Garland Publishing Inc (New York & London), 1976.

## Death

Legg died in Los Angeles on July 26, 1994 of pancreatic cancer.
In 2011 the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association announced that Legg would be inducted into its hall of fame.

## In popular culture

Season 4, episode 5 of the podcast “Making Gay History” is about Legg, Jim Kepner, and Martin Block.
# Balog

Balog is a Hungarian surname.
It was the surname of a medieval noble house, Balog (genus).
Another variant is Balogh.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Bob Balog (1924–2011), American football player in the National Football League
* Csaba Balog (born 1972), Hungarian football (midfielder) player
* Gábor Balog (born 1990), Hungarian Olympic swimmer
* Henry Balog (died 1300), Hungarian nobleman in the 14th century
* Ildikó Balog (born 1977), Hungarian gymnast
* Imre Balog (born 1991), Hungarian chess grandmaster
* James Balog (born 1952), American photographer whose work revolves around the relationship between humans and nature
* Leonarda Balog (born 1993), Croatian football player
* Lester Balog (1905–1976), labor activist and founding member of the Workers' Film & Photo League
* Marcell Balog (born 1988), Hungarian footballer
* Nicoleta Balog (born 1994), Romanian handballer
* Paul Balog (numismatist) (1900–1982), Hungarian-born Italian numismatist, archaeologist and physician
* Paul Balog, Bishop of Pécs, bishop of Pécs, Hungary between 1293 and 1306
* Paul Balog, Bishop of Veszprém (died 1275), Hungarian prelate, Bishop of Veszprém from 1263 until his death
* Tibor Balog (footballer, born 1963)
* Tibor Balog (footballer, born 1966)
* Vilmos Balog (born 1975), Hungarian boxer
* Zoltán Balog (astronomer) (born 1972), astronomer with the Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona
* Zoltán Balog (bishop) (born 1958), Hungarian Reformed bishop and former politician
* Zoltán Balog (footballer) (born 1978), Hungarian football defender
* Zoltán Balog (politician) (born 1958), Hungarian politician
* Zsolt Balog (born 1978), Hungarian football (defender) player
* Zvonimir Balog [hr] (1932–2014), Croatian children's fiction writer
* Nikola Balog (born 2005), Montenegrin Artist
* Ariel Balog (born 1997), Sao Paulo, Brazil
# Unreal (song)

"Unreal" is a song by American metal band Ill Niño. The song was released as the band's third and final single from their debut album Revolution Revolución.

## Music video

The song's official music video shows the band performing the song live.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 126 |
| UK Rock Chart | 15 |

## Personnel

* Christian Machado – vocals
* Jardel Martins Paisante – guitar, acoustic guitar solo
* Marc Rizzo – guitar
* Lazaro Pina – bass
* Dave Chavarri – drums
* Roger Vasquez – percussion
# Casa do Penedo

Casa do Penedo (Portuguese for Stone House or House of the Rock) is an architectural monument located between Celorico de Basto and Fafe, in northern Portugal. It received its name because it was built from four large boulders that serve as the foundation, walls and ceiling of the house.

## History

The house is located between the Marão mountain range, Senhora da Graça and the mountains of Sameiro (Braga) and Penha (Guimarães), at the intersection of the parishes of Várzea Cova and Moreira do Rei, in the so-called Serras de Fafe.
Its construction began in 1972 and lasted about two years until its completion in 1974.
The residence was initially used by the owners as a holiday destination. Today Casa do Penedo is a small museum of relics and photographs from the house's history.
The building is located near a wind farm, although there is no electricity supply to the house itself. Due to its unusual design and integration into the surrounding nature, the building has become a growing tourist attraction.
# Roxy Snipes

Wyatt Eure "Roxy" Snipes (October 28, 1896 – May 1, 1941) was a professional baseball outfielder. He appeared in one game for the 1923 Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). Listed at 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m) and 185 pounds (84 kg), he batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

## Biography

Snipes played in the minor leagues for three seasons—1923, 1925, and 1926—for teams in the Carolinas and Florida. His one major league appearance came for the Chicago White Sox on July 15, 1923. In a home game against the Philadelphia Athletics, he was hitless in one at bat, appearing as a pinch hitter for pitcher Red Faber in the eighth inning.
Snipes was born in Marion, South Carolina. He attended the University of South Carolina, where he played college baseball and college football. He served in the United States Navy during World War I, then returned to college and graduated with a law degree in 1924. Snipes worked as attorney and served in the South Carolina Senate representing Marion County. He died of pneumonia in Fayetteville, North Carolina, at the age of 44 in 1941.
# Musheramore

Musheramore (Irish: Muisire Mór, 'big Mushera') is a mountain with a height of 643 metres (2,110 ft) in County Cork, Ireland. It is the highest of the Boggeragh Mountains. The neighbouring hill is Musherabeg (Muisire Beag, 'little Mushera'), with a height of 499 metres (1,637 ft). Historically the mountain was called Knock Muskery, from Cnoc Múscraighe meaning "hill of the Múscraige", a Gaelic tribe who gave their name to the barony of Muskerry. There are two holy wells on the mountain: one near the summit for sick animals, and one on its northern slopes for humans (St John's Well), where mass was traditionally held on midsummer.
# Mount Hillary

Mount Hillary (Irish: Mullach Allaíre) is a mountain located in north County Cork. It is 391m high.

## Name

The name Mount Hillary has nothing to do with the forename or surname Hillary. Instead it means 'summit of the partial deafness or echo'. It is also called "Cnoc an Fholair" (Hill of the Eagle) locally.

## Transmitter

Mount Hillary is home to the main North Cork transmitter for local services. Red FM's main North Cork transmitter is located near Mallow at Corran Mountain. The multi-city station 4FM's transmitter is located at Bweeng Mountain, 4 km away.
| Frequency | kW | Service |
| 96.1 MHz | 0.5 | 96FM |
| 103.7 MHz | 1.25 | C103 (North) |