OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Garth Prince

Garth Prince is the stage name of Garth Prinsonsky, a Namibian-Canadian musician and writer. He is most noted for his 2021 album Falling in Africa, which was a Canadian Folk Music Award nominee for Best Children's Album at the 17th Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2022, and won the Juno Award for Children's Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2022.
Born in Cape Town, South Africa, and raised in Swakopmund, Namibia, he was a member of the Mascato Youth Choir in childhood, and was later associated with the band Afroshine, best known for their 2008 single "Ti Mama". He moved to Edmonton, Alberta after marrying a Canadian woman he had met while touring Canada, and works primarily as a children's entertainer and educator on African music and culture.
He was the subject of Memoirs of the Motherland, a short documentary film, in 2019.
Falling in Africa was released concurrently with Grazing Back Home, a children's picture book created in collaboration with writer Tololwa Mollel and illustrator Jason Blower.
He was a Western Canadian Music Award nominee for Best Children's Entertainer in 2021.
# HD 54475

D Puppis, also known as HD 54475, is a B-type star and a pulsating variable in the constellation of Puppis. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.783, which is enough to be visible to the unaided eye. The distance to D Puppis, based on a parallax of 4.2±0.2 mas from the Hipparcos satellite, is 776 light-years.

## Characteristics

This is a B-type main-sequence star with a spectral type of B3V. It has 6.2 times the mass of the Sun and 3.54 times the Sun's radius. It radiates 690 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at a temperature of 15,723 K. Its age is estimated to be of about 15 million years.
The distance to D Puppis is about 776 light-years, based on a parallax of 4.2±0.2 mas from the Hipparcos satellite.
It is mentioned to be a pulsating variable star on SIMBAD, but the American Association of Variable Star Observers does not mention any variable-star type for the star.
# HD 63754

HD 63754, also known as HR 3048, is a G-type dwarf star, located in the constellation Puppis some 164 light-years away. It is orbited by a brown dwarf companion.

## Characteristics

The stellar classification of HR 3048 is G0V, meaning that it is a main-sequence star fusing atoms of hydrogen into helium at its core. It has 1.41 times the mass of the Sun, 2.1 times the radius of the Sun, as well as five times its luminosity. This star appears slightly evolved as a main sequence star, and has an age estimated to be higher than 3.4 billion years. The surface of HD 63754 has a temperature of 6,088 K, giving it a yellow-white hue typical of early G-type stars. It is metal-enriched, with an abundance of iron 60% larger than that of the Sun.
Its apparent magnitude of 6.55 means that it is slightly below the limit for naked eye visibility of 6.5$^m$. This limit, however, depends on many factors such as pupil dilatation and light pollution. While HD 63754 is not naked-eye visible in most skies, it may be visible using a small telescope or binoculars instead.

## Motion

HD 63754 is approximately 160 light-years from Earth and is estimated to be at least 3.4 billion years old. The space velocity components of this star are U = −6, V = −50 and W = −20. It is orbiting the Milky Way with a minimum distance of 5,550 pc (18,100 light-years) and a maximum distance of 8,030 pc (26,200 light-years) from the Galactic Center. Its orbit lies no more than 200 pc (650 light-years) from the galactic plane.

## Substellar companion

In 2024, the presence of a substellar companion to HD 63754 was announced, based on direct imaging observations from the Near Infrared Camera 2 at the Keck Observatory, as well as astrometric observations. This companion, named HD 63754 B, is a brown dwarf at a distance of 20 astronomical units from its host, completing an orbit around it every 73 years. The orbit has a low eccentricity of 0.26 and an almost face-on inclination of 175°.
The dynamical mass of the companion is measured at 82 times the mass of Jupiter. This place it at the edge of the hydrogen burning limit – the dividing line between brown dwarfs and stars. Its effective temperature is of 1,340–1,410 K, consistent with an object between the spectral types L and T. The luminosity and temperature indicate that it is a brown dwarf rather than a low-mass star. Despite its large mass, HD 63754 B is smaller than Jupiter, with 0.86–0.95 times its radius.
HD 63754 B appears to be more massive than expected. Evolutionary models predict a mass of 66 to 75 M$_J$, in disagreement with the dynamical mass estimate of 82 M$_J$. The reason for this discrepancy is not well known but there are three scenarios to explain it. The first scenario is that HD 63754 B has a binary companion emitting little infrared radiation, with a low mass ratio. The second scenario is that there are additional companions to HD 63754, that have not been detected during the direct imaging observations. The third scenario is that there are systematic problems with the evolutionary models used.
# Lugdunin

Lugdunin is an investigational antibiotic, classified as a thiazolidine-containing cyclic peptide. It was isolated in 2016 after Staphylococcus lugdunensis was identified as the species of bacteria from the human nose that suppressed growth of species of disease-causing bacteria in that part of the human microbiome.
Lugdunin is a non-ribosomally synthesized cyclic peptide that inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains. The lugdunin genes are located on a 30-kbp operon. The genes lugA, lugB, lugC, and lugD encode four non-ribosomal peptide synthases, which are preceded by a putative regulator gene lugR.
| Gene | locustag | protein size/aa | Genbank protein entry | RefSeq protein entry |
| lugR | SLUG_RS03935 | 196 | CCB53263.1 | WP_002460032.1 |
| lugA | SLUG_RS03940 | 2374 | CCB53264.1 | WP_002478842.1 |
| | SLUG_RS03945 | 124 | CCB53265.1 | WP_002460029.1 |
| lugB | SLUG_RS03950 | 1230 | CCB53266.1 | WP_014533237.1 |
| lugC | SLUG_RS03955 | 2937 | CCB53267.1 | WP_002478844.1 |
| lugT | SLUG_RS03960 | 228 | CCB53268.1 | WP_002460022.1 |
| lugD | SLUG_RS03965 | 579 | CCB53269.1 | WP_002478846.1 |

## Biosynthesis

Lugdunin is synthesized by non ribosomal peptide synthetases in S. lugdunensis. The molecule is a cyclic peptide composed of a thiazolidine heterocycle and three D amino acids. The operon responsible for lugdunin synthesis is approximately 30 kb and contains four non ribosomal peptide synthetase genes. The operon contains a phosphopantetheinyl transferase, monooxygenase, an unknown tailoring enzyme, a regulator gene, and a type II thioesterase. Phosphopantetheinyl transferases carry out the activation of T domains, which act as carrier proteins. Monooxygenases incorporate a single hydroxyl into a lugdunin intermediate. The type II thioesterase is utilized to remove intermediates that stall during biosynthesis.
A surprising note about lugdunin is that the operon only encodes five adenylation domains, an interestingly small amount for such a large molecule. This discrepancy is accounted for by the addition of three consecutive valine residues in alternating D and L configurations by LugC. The thiazolidine ring forms following the release of the metabolite via reduction. The N-terminal L-Cysteine residue nucleophilically attacks the carbonyl on the C-terminal L-valine residue, thus forming an imine macrocycle. The Schiff base formed in this reaction is then nucleophilically attacked by a cysteine thiol which produces the thiazolidine heterocycle previously described.
# Carrie Coyner

Carrie Emerson Coyner is an American politician. She is a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing district 75.
Coyner is a former member of the Chesterfield County School Board.
A Republican, Coyner ran in 2019 to succeed retiring delegate Riley Ingram for the 62nd district. She faced Democrat Lindsey Dougherty in the 2019 election, and won with 55.1% of the vote.
In 2021, Coyner was one of three Republicans who voted to abolish Virginia's death penalty.
In 2024, Coyner was one of five Republican delegates who voted with their Democratic colleagues in support of safeguarding same-sex marriage in Virginia.
Coyner is also the founder and owner of RudyCoyner Attorneys At Law.
# Kootenai National Forest

The Kootenai National Forest is a national forest located in the far northwestern section of Montana and the northeasternmost lands in the Idaho panhandle in the United States, along the Canada–US border. Of the 2.2 million acres (8,900 km$^2$) administered by the forest, less than 3 percent is located in the state of Idaho. Forest headquarters are located in Libby, Montana. There are local ranger district offices in Eureka, Fortine, Libby, Trout Creek, and Troy, Montana. About 53 percent of the 94,272-acre (381.51 km$^2$) Cabinet Mountains Wilderness is located within the forest, with the balance lying in neighboring Kaniksu National Forest.
Snowshoe Peak in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, at 8,738 feet (2,663 m), is the highest peak within the forest. Mountain ranges included in the forest include the Whitefish, Purcell, Bitterroot, Salish, and Cabinet ranges.
The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail traverses the Forest. More than 90 miles (140 km) of the 1,200-mile (1,900 km) trail are within the Kootenai.
The Kootenai and the Clark Fork rivers are the major rivers and are fed by abundant rainfall that is more than double that amount found elsewhere in Montana. Three major hydroelectric dams exist in the Kootenai National Forest. Libby Dam on the Kootenai River creates a 90-mile (140 km)-long lake known as Lake Koocanusa (a play on Kootenai-Canada-United States of America), which extends into Canada. The shores of the lake are all forested with no private property easements. The lowest elevation in Montana is where the Kootenai River leaves the state, 1,832 feet (558 m) above sea level. Other rivers in the forest include the Yaak, Fisher, Tobacco and Vermillion, with water flowing from over 100 lakes.
The climate of the Kootenai has been described as "modified Pacific maritime" in character, meaning that compared to the remainder of Montana, this area's climate resembles that found along the Pacific coast. The character becomes "modified" by occasional intrusions of arctic air masses, more common elsewhere in Montana, which can bring winter temperatures down to −30 °F (−34 °C). Winters also feature heavy snowfalls in the mountains.
Access into the forest is via U.S. Highway 2, U.S. Highway 93, and Montana State Highways 37, 56, 200, and 508.
The national forest is located overwhelmingly (almost 95 percent) in Lincoln County, Montana, but extends into neighboring counties. In descending order of forestland area, they are Flathead County in Montana, Bonner and Boundary counties in Idaho, and Sanders County in Montana. A coalition of recreationalists, business owners, timber mill operators and conservationists formed the Kootenai Forest Stakeholders Association to support active management to reduce wildfire risk, provide sustainable harvest, and improve forest health.
# Andrej Grubačić

Andrej Grubačić (born 1976) is a Serbian world historian, world-systems theorist, and activist based in the United States.

## Early life and education

Grubačić was born in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The grandson of Ratomir Dugonjić, former president of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the vice president of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Grubačić graduated from University of Belgrade and completed master's and doctoral degrees from the State University of New York at Binghamton.

## Career

Grubačić is a professor at the California Institute of Integral Studies and founded its Department of Anthropology and Social Change. Grubačić edits the Journal of World-Systems Research. He is Affiliated Faculty at the UC Berkeley Center for Social Medicine.
After the premature death of his friend and colleague David Graeber, Grubačić remains one of the exponents of the anarchist anthropology research perspective, and the department he founded at the CIIS is the only academic institute in the United States dedicated exclusively to the study of anarchist anthropology. Living at the Edges of Capitalism, which Grubačić co-authored with Denis O'Hearn, won the 2017 American Sociological Association's Political Economy of the World-System Book Award.
Grubačić's work is a synthesis of Braudelian history, Hegelian Marxism, and the anarchist anthropology of Peter Kropotkin. Together with John Holloway and several other dissident academics, Grubačić has assembled a global federation of activist scholars and academic programs "inhabiting the cracks in academia".
Grubačić is a member of the Retort collective and has participated in grassroots alter-globalization movement and has supported international projects in Yugoslavia and Rojava.
Since 2012, Grubačić has written about the revolution in Rojava and the imprisoned Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan. As a professor at the University of Rojava and social science editor at PM Press, he is responsible for a number of books on the Kurdish struggle published in English.

## Books

* Grubačić, Andrej, & O'Hearn, Denis (2016). Living at the edges of capitalism: Adventures in exile and mutual aid. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520287303.
* Grubačić, Andrej (2010). Don't Mourn, Balkanize!: Essays After Yugoslavia. PM Press.
* Lynd, Staughton & Grubačić, Andrej (2010) From Here to There: The Staughton Lynd Reader. PM Press.
* Grubačić, Andrej; Lynd, Staughton (2008). Wobblies and Zapatistas: Conversations on Anarchism, Marxism and Radical History. PM Press. ISBN 978-1-60486-041-2.
* Grubačić, Andrej (2003). Globalizacija nepristajanja [The globalization of refusal] (in Serbian). Novi Sad: Svetovi. ISBN 86-7047-422-0. OCLC 64097747.
* Noam Comski, Politika bez Moci. Izdavac: DAF Zagreb, 2004. ISBN 953-6956-01-2.
# Sanitarium

Sanitarium or sanatorium may refer to:

## Facilities

* Sanatorium, medical facility for stay during long-term illness and convalescence, often a health resort, as known in Russia, Ukraine, and other former Soviet Union republics
* Battle Creek Sanitarium, American health resort founded in 1866
* Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company, major food company in Australia and New Zealand

## Film and video games

* The Sanitarium (film), a 1910 American silent comedy short starring Fatty Arbuckle
* Sanitarium (video game), American 1998 point-and-click adventure
* Sanitarium (film), a 2013 American horror anthology film

## Localities

* Sanitarium, California, American unincorporated community in Napa County
* Sanatorium, Mississippi, American village near Magee

## Music

* "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)", 1986 song by American heavy metal band Metallica
* Sanatorium (band), North Macedonia thrash metal band from Skopje, formed in 1987
# John Medina

John Medina may refer to:
* John Medina (molecular biologist)
* John Medina (actor)
* John Medina (footballer)
* John Baptist Medina (1659–1710), artist of Flemish-Spanish origin who worked in England and Scotland
# Rim of the World High School

Rim of the World High School is a public secondary school located in Lake Arrowhead, California, at the top of the mountain overlooking the San Bernardino Valley. It is part of the Rim of the World Unified School District and is the only comprehensive 9–12 high school in the system.

## The school

Rim of the World High School has a student body size that ranges between 900 and 1,000 students. Rim of the World High School is believed to be the first in California (and among only a handful in the nation) which has utilized both solar and wind energy for direct use by the high school.
The school teams are "The Fighting Scots." The official mascot is the Scottish Terrier, but the more widely accepted, unofficial mascot is William Wallace. At the school, there's a large mural of Mel Gibson dressed in the same garb he wore when he played William Wallace in Braveheart. A common rumor around the school is that Mel Gibson himself came to the school dressed as William Wallace and posed for the mural, though this is largely unproven. Long before Mel Gibson portrayed William Wallace, a mosaic of a kilt-clad Scotsman greeted visitor in the school foyer. The alma mater is to the tune "Scotland, The Brave."
The school's Advanced TV-Video class puts out a “TV Show” on their website rimtoday.tv every other week, that shows what's going on around campus and often skits put on by the students.

## Green energy

Rim of the World High School utilizes both solar panels and wind turbines to supplement its energy needs.

## Notable alumni

* Mike Warnke (Class of 1965), Christian evangelist and Christian comedian
* Tim D. White (Class of 1968), Physical Anthropologist, best known for his work on Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis)
* Pat Hill (Class of 1970), Fresno State football head coach (1997–2011)
* Eddie Elguera (Class of 1979), professional skateboarder
* Jason Hall (Class of 1991), actor and Oscar-nominated screenwriter (for American Sniper, 2014)
* Mike Wahle (Class of 1995), American football guard (1998–2008) and 2005 Pro Bowl selection
* John Albert Gardner (Class of 1997), convicted of the murders of Chelsea King and Amber DuBois; currently serving two life sentences at California State Prison, Corcoran
* Michelle Kwan (Class of 1998), Olympic figure skater
* Nathan Chen, 2022 Olympic Gold medalist; 2017, 2018, 2019 U.S. champion; 2018, 2019 World champion figure skater
* Kassie Lyn Logsdon (Class of 2005), Playboy Miss 2010 Playmate
* Devin Sola (Class of 2007), Bassist for Motionless in White
* Michael Griffin (escape artist) (Class of 1979), professional escape artist
# D-IX

D-IX is a methamphetamine-based experimental performance enhancer developed by Nazi Germany in 1944 for military application. The researcher who rediscovered this project, Wolf Kemper, said, "the aim was to use D-IX to redefine the limits of human endurance." One dose contained 5 mg oxycodone (brand name Eukodal, an analgesic opioid), 5 mg cocaine, and 3 mg methamphetamine (brand name Pervitin).
German doctors were enthusiastic about the results, and planned to supply all German troops with the pills, but the war ended before D-IX could be put into mass production, though it did see limited use among a handful of Neger and Biber pilots.

## History

Due to increased Allied pressure on the German war effort, Nazi Germany had grown desperate for more soldiers to continue the war effort, and one way to mitigate the massive losses was to increase the combative power of existing Wehrmacht soldiers. Though simpler drugs, such as Pervitin and Isophan, helped to keep soldiers stimulated, in March 1944, Vice Admiral Hellmuth Heye requested a drug that could also give users superhuman strength and a boosted sense of self-esteem.
Pharmacologist Gerhard Orzechowski [de], and a group of other researchers, were commissioned to develop the drug in Kiel, and by later that year, had developed a formula that contained, in each tablet, 5 mg of oxycodone, 5 mg of cocaine, and 3 mg of methamphetamine.
Nazi researchers forced drugged prisoners from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp to march nonstop in circles while carrying a 20-kilogram (45 lb) backpack. Most collapsed after 24 hours, but some were able to sustain a march of 90 kilometres (55 mi).
# Bengi Ali of Karaman

Alaeddin Ali II of Karaman (1381–1424; also known as Bengi Ali and Alaattin Ali II) was the bey of Karamanids in what is now modern Turkey in the 15th century. He was the second son of Alaattin Ali of Karaman and Nefise Melek Sultan Hatun, Ottoman Sultan Murad I's daughter.

## Karamanids

Karamanid was a Turkmen state in central Anatolia after the disintegration of Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm. The capital of Karamanid state was usually Karaman (ancient Larende, renamed by the Karamanids) and sometimes Konya and other cities as well. It was the main rival of the rising Ottoman Empire.

## Background

Ali was the younger brother of Mehmed II of Karaman. In 1398, Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire conquered the Karamanid state and jailed Mehmed and Ali. But in 1402, Bayezid himself was defeated by Timur in the battle of Ankara and the two brothers were set free with a permission from Timur to reign on former Karamanid territory. Timur also gave them a few forts in addition to their former possessions. While Mehmed acquired most of Karamanid territory, Ali had to deal with Niğde, a city at the east of Karamanid territory. Although Ali was a vassal of his brother, soon he began acting independently. But he was no match for his brother and in 1415 he escaped to Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt.

## First reign

In 1420 Mehmed tried to capture the city of Kayseri from the Dulkadirids, which was a vassal of Mamluk Sultanate. Mamluks intervened and Mehmed was defeated. Mamluks arrested Mehmed and supported Ali to gain the possessions of his brother. Ali began reigning on the Karamanid territory with the exception of Konya, the most important city of Karamanids. However Ali's reign was short. Because in 1421 Mehmed was released by the new Mamluk sultan Sayf al-Din Tatar. Mehmed returned to Anatolia and conquered his former possessions. Ali returned to Niğde.

## Second reign

In 1423 Mehmed died during the siege of Antalya. This gave Ali a second chance to reign. The second reign was also short. Mehmed's son Ibrahim who was supported by the Ottomans defeated his uncle in 1424. However İbrahim chose to make peace with his uncle by giving him extra possession as iqta in addition to Niğde.