OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vix

Vix is a given name. It can refer to a shortened version of Victoria or Victor or variations thereof. Vix may also refer to:

## Places

* Vix, Côte-d'Or
** Vix Grave of the Lady of Vix
* Vix, Vendée

## Others

* VIX, ticker symbol for the Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index, sometimes referred to as the "Fear Index"
* Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport, IATA code VIX
* Vitória, Brazil, also known as Vix
* Vienna Internet Exchange
* Vix (Victoria Perks), the lead singer of UK pop-punk band We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It
* Vix Technology, an Australian-based technology company
* The VIX API from VMware allows automated management of virtualized computers
* Vix.com, a website formerly known as Batanga Media
* Vix Note, sent in 1919 by Entente delegate Fernand Vix to the government of the First Hungarian Republic
* Vix (streaming service) (ViX), a Spanish-language video streaming service owned by TelevisaUnivision
# TN 61

The TN 61 was a French first thermonuclear weapon.
It was a lighter weight version of the TN 60 warhead and quickly replaced it in service on the M20 SLBMs on the Redoutable class SSBNs. The TN 61 was also used on the SSBS S3D IRBM missiles. The 1 megaton yield weapon was in service between 1980 and 1996.
The 90 TN-61 warheads were produced to arm 64 M20 SLBM and 18 SSBS S3D IRBM in plateau d'albion. Another 8 warheads were used for spare parts.
TN-61 warhead developed with foreign assistance from United States to miniaturize and add penetration aids to French ballistic missiles to saturate and penetrate Moscow anti-ballistic missile defence.
TN-61 warheads were similar in performance to W56 warheads of Minuteman-2 intercontinental ballistic missiles.
# Nayaka dynasties

The Nayaka dynasties refers to a group of Hindu dynasties who emerged during the Kakatiya dynasty and the Vijayanagara Empire period in South India. Many of these dynasties, such as the Madurai Nayaks and the Thanjavur Nayaks, were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire, who, after the Battle of Talikota, declared themselves independent and established their own polities.

## Major Nayaka kingdoms

The Nayaka kingdoms included the following:
* Musunuri Nayakas, 14th century warrior-kings from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
* Recherla Nayakas, 14th-15th century rulers from Telangana.
* Pemmasani Nayaks, 15th–17th century ruling clan from Andhra Pradesh.
* Madurai Nayaks, 16th–18th century Telugu rulers of Tamil Nadu.
* Thanjavur Nayaks, 16th–17th century Telugu rules of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
* Nayaks of Gingee (Senji), 16th–17th century Telugu rulers from Tamil Nadu, previously governors of the Vijayanagara Empire.
* Nayakas of Belur, 15th-18th century rulers from Karnataka.
* Nayakas of Chitradurga, 16th–18th century from Karnataka, previously feudatory chiefs of Hoysala and Vijayanagara Empire.
* Nayakas of Keladi, 16th–18th century ruling dynasty from Keladi, Karnataka.
* Nayaks of Vellore, 16th century Telugu chieftains under the Vijayanagara Empire from Channapatna and Rayadurgam.
* Nayakas of Kalahasti, 17th–18th century rulers of Kalahasti and Vandavasi.
* Nayaks of Kandy, Telugu rulers of the Sri Lanka between 1739 and 1815.
* Nayakas of Shorapur, rulers of Shorapur, Karnataka (final ruler was the 19th century Raja Venkatappa).
* Hande Nayakas of Bellary, between the 15th to late 18th century, who were initially vassals of Vijayanagar, and then subsequently to the Bijapur Sultanate followed by the Marathas.
# K Patrick

K Patrick is a Scottish poet, novelist and short story writer. Patrick has been shortlisted for the White Review Prize for both poetry and short fiction, and for the BBC National Short Story Award. Their debut novel was published in 2023 and their debut poetry collection in 2024. They have a master's degree in creative writing from Glasgow University and live in Scotland.

## Career

Patrick's work has appeared in journals such as The Poetry Review, Granta, and The White Review. In 2021, Patrick was nominated for the White Review Prize in both the poetry and short story category. In 2023, their story "It's Me" was shortlisted for the 2023 BBC National Short Story Award.
Patrick's debut novel, Mrs S, was published in 2023. The Guardian described it as "inventive and original" but noted that stylistic choices gave it "serious problems of pace". Kristen Arnett reviewed the book for The New York Times, saying she could "wax on about the sensuality of Patrick's narrative".
Patrick was named one of Granta's Best of Young British Novelists 2023, for novelists under the age of 40. In the same year, they were also selected as one of The Guardian's ten best debut novelists, a list that is not age-restricted.
In 2024, Patrick published a collection of poetry, Three Births, described by The Guardian as an "artful, sensual debut".
# Roshan Lal Verma

Roshan Lal Verma is an Indian politician and a member of the Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in India. He represents the Tilhar constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party.

## Early life and education

Roshan Lal Verma was born in Shahjahanpur district. He attended the Adarsh School and is educated till eighth grade.

## Political career

Roshan Lal Verma has been a MLA for three terms. He represented the Tilhar constituency and was a member of the political party, Bahujan Samaj Party. Later he joined Bhartiya Janta Party until 2021.
In 2022 he joined Samajwadi Party.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

He was elected in 2007 as Member, 15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and re-elected in 2012 for 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and again in 2017 as Member, 17th Legislative Assembly.

## Electoral performance

U. P. Assembly Election, 2012: Tilhar :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BSP | Roshan Lal Verma | 71,122 | 36.28 | − |
| | SP | Anwar Ali Rahman | 60,415 | 30.82 | − |
| | INC | Sunita Kovid | 37,113 | 18.93 | − |
| | BJP | Ragini Singh | 6,905 | 3.52 | − |
| | MD | Shiv Sharma | 6,185 | 3.16 | − |
| | PECP | Seema Kumari | 6,159 | 3.14 | − |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,707 | 5.46 | − |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,96,030 | 65.57 | − |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 298,950 | | |
| | BSP gain from SP | BSP gain from SP | Swing | - | |
2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Tilhar :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Roshan Lal Verma | 81,770 | 40.03 | +36.51 |
| | INC | Kunwar Jitin Prasada | 76,065 | 37.24 | +18.31 |
| | BSP | Avadhesh Kumar Verma | 31,418 | 15.38 | −20.90 |
| | RLD | Pradip Kumar | 3,983 | 1.95 | N/A |
| | IND. | Ragini Singh | 1,733 | 0.85 | N/A |
| | None of the Above | None of the Above | 1,683 | 0.82 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,705 | 2.79 | −2.67 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,04,249 | 61.77 | −3.80 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | | |
| | BJP gain from BSP | BJP gain from BSP | Swing | +3.75 | |
2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Tilhar :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Salona Kushwaha | 102,307 | 47.93 | |
| | SP | Roshan Lal Verma | 89,030 | 41.71 | |
| | AAP | Bishambhar Dayal Sharma | | | |
| | INC | | | | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | | | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13,277 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | | |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | BJP hold | BJP hold | BJP hold |
# Benjamin Reese

Benjamin Franklin Reese (September 23, 1885 – January 4, 1943) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1910s.
A native of Newberry, South Carolina, Reese made his Negro leagues debut in 1911 with the Cuban Giants. He went on to play for the Brooklyn All Stars of the Western Independent Clubs in 1914. Reese died in Syracuse, New York in 1943 at age 57.
# World Party (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| RapReviews | 8/10 |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Spin | 8/10 |
| The New Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
World Party is the third studio album by the American hip hop quartet Goodie Mob. It was released on December 21, 1999, via LaFace/Arista Records. The recording sessions took place at the Dungeon in SWATS, at Studio 56 in Los Angeles, at Lion's Den Studio and Unique Recording Studios in New York City, at Stankonia Recording, DARP Studios, Silent Sound Studios, Songbird Studios, PatchWerk Recording Studios and Doppler Studios in Atlanta. The album was produced by Organized Noize, Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie, CeeLo Green, Coptic, Cyptron, Dallas Austin, Derrick Trotman, Easy Mo Bee, Kanye West, Mr. DJ, Rondal Rucker, and T-Mo. It features guest appearances from Backbone, Sleepy Brown, Big Boi, Joi, and TLC. The album peaked at number 48 on the Billboard 200 and number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. On January 24, 2000, it received Gold status by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling 500,000 copies.
The album spawned two singles: "Get Rich to This", which peaked at No. 65 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and No. 59 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, and "What It Ain't (Ghetto Enuff)".
The album was the group's last album with the original four members until Age Against the Machine in 2013.
Former National Football League cornerback Asante Samuel has a tattoo on his left arm that says "Get Rich to This", because he liked that song in college.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Vertifolia effect

The Vertifolia effect is a well documented phenomenon in the fields of plant breeding and plant pathology. It is characterized by the erosion of a crop's horizontal resistance to disease during a breeding cycle due to the presence of strong vertical resistance, characterized by the presence of R genes. This effect was observed in late blight of potato. This phenomenon was first described by J.E. Van der Plank in his 1963 book Plant Disease: Epidemics and Control. Van der Plank observed that under artificial selection the potato variety Vertifolia had stronger vertical resistance to the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, as measured by the presence of specific R genes. However, when the pathogen overcame these R genes Vertifolia exhibited a greater loss of horizontal resistance than varieties with fewer R genes and lower vertical resistance. This effect suggests that when a pathogen evolves an avirulence gene to counteract a variety's R gene, that variety will be more susceptible to the pathogen than other varieties.
The Vertifolia effect has important implications for the breeding of disease resistant crops. To avoid it plant breeders may opt to cross in R genes or insert transgenes at the end of the breeding cycle to maintain levels of horizontal resistance during early rounds of selection. It is also suggests that breeders should focus on enhancing horizontal resistance to avoid potential catastrophic crop losses. Though the effect is a frequently observed phenomenon among plant breeders and plant pathologists, it is difficult to document and there are situations where it does not hold true.
# Woyo Coulibaly

Woyo Coulibaly (born 26 May 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Premier League club Leicester City.

## Career

Coulibaly began with his hometown side AS Ermont, before moving to Entente SSG. He joined Le Havre AC in 2012, starting with their U13 team. He was part of the U19 Le Havre team that came runners-up in the 2016–2017 Championnat National U19. On 19 June 2019, Coulibaly signed his first professional contract with Le Havre AC on a three year deal. Coulibaly made his professional debut for Le Havre in a 1–1 Ligue 2 tie with Chamois Niortais on 2 August 2019, playing left-back. He extended his contract for another two years on 7 October 2020, making the contract valid until 2024. Upon the contract extension, Le Havre manager Paul Le Guen said, "He has real room for improvement, I see in him a player at the level of L1, even at the top of Ligue 1." Coulibaly established his role on the right flank in the 2020–21 season.
On 30 August 2021, he joined Parma, signing a contract that would last until 2025 and taking the number 26. He made his Parma debut on 12 September in a 4–0 win against Pordenone. Coulibaly quickly settled into the Parma team, featuring regularly under manager Enzo Maresca. On 1 April 2023, he scored his first career goal in a 2–1 victory over Palermo in Serie B.
On 15 January 2025, he signed for Leicester City, for a reported fee of £3 million on a four and a half year contract. He made his debut on 26 January in a 2–1 win against Tottenham Hotspur, coming on for James Justin in stoppage time.

## Personal life

Coulibaly was born in Gonnesse, France. He holds French and Malian nationalities.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 21 February 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Le Havre | 2019–20 | Ligue 2 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Le Havre | 2020–21 | Ligue 2 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 26 | 0 |
| Le Havre | 2021–22 | Ligue 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Le Havre | Total | Total | 39 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| Parma | 2021–22 | Serie B | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 22 | 0 |
| Parma | 2022–23 | Serie B | 20 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 22 | 1 |
| Parma | 2023–24 | Serie B | 26 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 29 | 0 |
| Parma | 2024–25 | Serie A | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Parma | Total | Total | 82 | 1 | 6 | 0 | — | — | 88 | 1 |
| Leicester City | 2024–25 | Premier League | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 125 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 134 | 1 |

## Honours

Parma
* Serie B: 2023–24
# Prehistoric Adventures

Prehistoric Adventures is an anthology of prehistoric fiction short stories edited by D. M. Ritzlin. It was first published in trade paperback and ebook by DMR Books in June 2021.

## Summary

The book collects five short works by various authors set in prehistoric times.

## Contents

* "Dinosaur Destroyer: The Story of Daarmajd, the Strong" (from Amazing Stories, Jan. 1949) (Arthur Petticolas). Lewis Varjeon, overtaken by a sudden racial memory of a previous life, recounts his former existence as Daarmajd the Strong and his career of primitive warfare and conquest back in prehistoric times.
* "Spear and Fang" (from Weird Tales, Jul. 1925) (Robert E. Howard). A-aea, a Cro-Magnon girl, is abducted by the lustful Ka-nanu, a member of her tribe, who is in turn killed by one of the enemy gur-na (Neanderthals), also with impure purpose. She is saved by her preferred lover Ga-nor, tracks the abductors and for her sake fights the gur-na to the death.
* "With Weapons of Stone" (from Weird Tales, Dec. 1924) (C. M. Eddy Jr.). The cave people of the Great Cliffs are called together by chief Gra to witness the affiancing of his son (also Gra) to the beautiful Zo-na. Ra-nor, who also hankers after Zo-na, objects. She, though preferring Ra-nor, diplomatically pledges to wed whichever lays brings her the head of a saber-tooth tiger. Ra-nor hunts the tiger while his rival hunts him, planning to let Ra-nor do the work and then kill him for the trophy. Zo-na, driven by a premonition, follows both, arriving in time to see Ra-nor kill the tiger and Gra poised to murder him. From hiding, she throws her stone dagger, killing Gra, then flees home to await her lover.
* "Arhl-a of the Caves" (from Weird Tales, Jan. 1925) (C. M. Eddy Jr.). Cave woman Arhl-a is captive to hulking brute Zurg. She counts on her lover Wagh the Mighty to save her, but since he's taking too long struggles free and knifes Zurg herself. Wagh, having tracked them, arrives to find his work done and Arhl-a missing. Lost and attacked by an ape, she lets out a scream he is conveniently close enough to hear, allowing him to pop in and kill it. All's well again.
* "Stories of the Stone Age" (from The Idler, May-Aug. 1897) (H. G. Wells). An account of a primitive couple's dawning curiosity in regard to the world they live in. Some scenes are told from the point of view of the animals they encounter.
# Viking Adventures

Viking Adventures is an anthology of historical fiction short stories and poetry edited by D. M. Ritzlin. It was first published in trade paperback and ebook by DMR Books in August 2021.

## Summary

The book collects six short works and two poems by various authors set in the times of the Vikings.

## Contents

* "The Teuton's Battle-song" (poem) (from The United Amateur, Feb. 1916) (H. P. Lovecraft)
* "The Trader and the Vikings" (from Jack London's Adventure Magazine, Oct. 1958) (Poul Anderson)
* "The Regent of the North" (from The Theosophical Path, Aug. 1915) (Kenneth Morris)
* "The Valkyries" (from The Valkyries: A Romance Founded on Wagner's Opera, 1903) (E. F. Benson)
* "The Passing of Sweyn" (from Short Stories, Jul. 1908) (Ray Wynn)
* "Seanachas" (from The Washer of the Ford and Other Legendary Moralites, 1896) (Fiona Macleod)
* "Vengeance" (from Adventure, Jun. 30, 1925) (Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur)
* "Ragnarok" (poem) (from Weird Tales, Jun. 1937) (Henry Kuttner)
# Bni Arouss

Bni Arouss is a rural area Village consisting of 18 Duars (DSHARS) situated on about 540 Square Kilometer of Land that was gifted to "SHORFA" "AHL MANZIL AL ILM" and rural commune in Larache Province of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 10,288 people living in 2019 households. Yet, at the 2014's, this number has declined to 8193 only, with one foreigner and the rest Moroccans living there.
# Katie and Eilish Holton

Katie (24 August 1988 – 4 April 1992) and Eilish Holton (born 24 August 1988) were Irish conjoined twins born to Mary and Liam Holton of Donadea, County Kildare. They were joined at the pelvis and the legs and were the subject of several newspaper articles and later a two-part television documentary. In 1992, the twins were surgically separated. Katie Holton did not recover from the operation and died of heart failure four days later. Eilish Holton was reportedly the inspiration for the name of Billie Eilish according to the singer's parents.
# Henry Bernstein (sociologist)

Henry Bernstein (born 9 February 1945) is a British sociologist and emeritus Professor of Development Studies at the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies.
Bernstein's research includes the political economy of agrarian change; social theory and globalisation and labour. He is known for applying class analysis and marxist approaches to agrarian societies, including his theories of 'reproduction squeeze'.
From 1985 to 2000 he was co-editor with Terry Byres of the Journal of Peasant Studies, and then became a founding editor, again with Byres, of the Journal of Agrarian Change from 2001 to 2008.

## Early life and education

Bernstein was from a working class, Jewish, communist family in Stoke Newington that subsequently lived on a London County Council housing estate near Reigate, where he attended grammar school. He studied history at the University of Cambridge, and sociology at the London School of Economics. With Renee he had two sons.

## Career

In the late 1960s, he was a research associate at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex and later a lecturer in interdisciplinary studies at the University of Kent. He spent a year at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, when Turkey was under military rule. For four years he taught at the University of Dar es Salaam.
On his return to the UK he was a lecturer at the Open University and then Director of the External Programme at Wye College. He joined the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University of Manchester in the early 1990s, then the School of Oriental and African Studies, as professor of a new Development Studies Department.
He retired in 2011. He was adjunct professor at China Agricultural University, Beijing. He has also taught and researched in South Africa, China and the USA.

## Publications

His publications include:-
* Bernstein, Henry (1973). Underdevelopment and Development: Third World Today. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 0140807233.
* Bernstein, H; Crow, B; Mackintosh, M; Martin, C, eds. (1990). The Food Question. London: Earthscan. ISBN 1853830631.
* Bernstein, Henry; Crow, Ben; Johnson, Hazel (1992). Rural Livelihoods: Crises and Responses. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 019877334X.
* Valentine, Daniel E; Bernstein, Henry; Brass, Tom, eds. (1992). Plantations, Proletarians and Peasants in Colonial Asia. London: Cass. ISBN 0714634670.
* Bernstein, Henry; Brass, Tom, eds. (1996). Agrarian Questions: Essays in Appreciation of T J Byres. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781315821955.
* Bernstein, Henry, ed. (1996). The Agrarian Question in South Africa. London: Cass. ISBN 0714647373.
* Woodhouse, Phil; Hulme, David; Bernstein, Henry (2000). African Enclosures? The Social Dynamics of Wetlands in Drylands. Woodbridge: James Currey. ISBN 0865439370.
* Bernstein, Henry (2000). "The Peasantry". Global Capitalism: Who, Where and Why. London: Merlin Press: 25–51. ISBN 1583670297.
* Bernstein, Henry (2010). Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change. Halifax NS: Fernwood. ISBN 9781565493568.
# Abdulrahman Al Janahi

Abdulrahman Al Janahi (born 15 November 1994) is an Emirati tennis player. Al Janahi represents the UAE at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 17–20.

## Career

Al Janahi made his ATP main draw debut at the 2020 Dubai Tennis Championships after receiving a wildcard for the doubles main draw.
# Ann Cartwright

Ann Cartwright (born 1925, died 2024) is a British statistician and socio-medical researcher. Her Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care was launched by Michael Young, initially under the auspices of his Institute of Community Studies where Cartwright went to work in 1960.
The Institute produced numerous books and reports for the Department of Health which explored issues with the use and perception of primary medical care in Britain. One report (Medicine Takers, Prescribers & Hoarders, 1972) was written with Karen Dunnell, now the UK's National Statistician. Others included Patients & Their Doctors (1967), Parent & Family Planning Services (1970), Life Before Death (1973, with Hockey & Anderson and The Role of Residential and Nursing Homes in the Last Year of People's Lives (1988).
Cartwright retired in 1993 and the institute was subsequently disbanded.