OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andrea Ciofi

Andrea Ciofi (born 28 June 1999) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as defender for Serie B club Cesena.

## Career

Ciofi was a youth product of Roma. He moved to Cesena in January 2018. He made his debut on professional football on 8 September 2019 in a 2–0 win against Virtus Verona. In the 2020–21 season, he became team's captain.
# 1906 Manukau by-election

The Manukau by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Manukau, a seat in the north of the North Island.

## Background

The by-election was held on 6 December 1906, and was precipitated by the death of sitting MP Matthew Kirkbride who had held the seat since the 1902 election. The election was won by the conservative Frederic Lang who stood for the opposition. His sole opponent was George Ballard of the Liberal Party, who contested in the Government's interests.

## Result

The following table gives the election results:
1906 Manukau by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Frederic Lang | 2,512 | 66.15 | |
| | Liberal | George Ballard | 1,267 | 33.36 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 18 | 0.47 | −0.47 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,245 | 32.78 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,797 | 60.52 | −25.28 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,273 | | |
# Insane (Black Gryph0n and Baasik song)

"Insane" is a song by American singer-songwriter Black Gryph0n and his brother Baasik. The song is based on the character Alastor from the television series Hazbin Hotel. Over time, the song became a sleeper hit, and received considerable renewed attention when Hazbin Hotel premiered in 2024.

## Background

Black Gryph0n provided the singing voice of Alastor in the pilot episode of Hazbin Hotel. He has since reprised the role in several fan-made music videos for original songs, including "Insane". In 2021, he wrote "Insane" with permission from series creator Vivienne Medrano. He and Baasik wrote the song in eight hours.

## Content

The song expresses Alastor's psychopathic personality. In the song, Alastor murders an old friend who reunites with him in Hell and declares that he plans to rule Hell.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Insane" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Japan Download Songs (Billboard Japan) | 68 |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard) | 9 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Insane" :
| Chart (2024) | Position |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard) | 36 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## In other media

In February 2024, Black Gryph0n made an licensing agreement with Epic Games to publish a Hazbin Hotel-themed emote entitled "Reaper's Showtime" to the online video game Fortnite, letting the player wield Alastor's cane and play "Insane".
# Nathan Kreuger

Nathan Kreuger (born 25 June 1999) is an Australian rules footballer who currently plays for the Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He previously played for Geelong and Collingwood in the Australian Football League (AFL).

## Career

Kreuger was picked in a roundabout way in 2018 prior to the draft. The two bottom teams on the ladder that year Carlton and Gold Coast applied for priority picks in the National Draft, which the AFL denied. However, Gold Coast were granted pre-draft access to up to three and Carlton up to two mature-aged State League players each, these selections could be traded to other clubs. Carlton had traded one of their picks to Geelong.
Kreuger has the physical attributes to be a key forward, he spent his first two seasons developing his game in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He made his debut against North Melbourne in Tasmania.
At the end of the 2021 season, Kreuger was traded to Collingwood. Kreuger played 13 games across three seasons at the Magpies, before being delisted at the end of the 2024 AFL season. He returned to Geelong, signing with the club's reserves team in the VFL.

## Statistics

Updated to the end of the 2024 season.
| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) |
| Season | Team | No. | Games | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 2019 | Geelong | 15 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2020 | Geelong | 15 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2021 | Geelong | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.5 | 2.0 | 7.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| 2022 | Collingwood | 15 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 7 | 22 | 10 | 7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 2.0 | 1.4 |
| 2023 | Collingwood | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 2024 | Collingwood | 15 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 33 | 13 | 46 | 21 | 14 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 2.3 |
| Career | Career | Career | 15 | 11 | 9 | 61 | 29 | 90 | 39 | 30 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 6.0 | 2.6 | 2.0 |
# USB killer

A USB killer is a device that is designed to be portable and sends high-voltage power surges repeatedly into the data lines of the device it is connected to, which will damage hardware components on unprotected devices. Companies selling the device state it is designed to test components for protection from power surges and electrostatic discharge.

## Mechanism

The device typically contains several capacitors and charge and discharge circuitry. When the device is connected to a USB port, the capacitors are charged from the USB port's 5 volt supply. When they are fully charged, the device discharges them through step-up circuitry, which delivers a high voltage back into the USB port. Versions of the device have been reported to deliver a pulse of around negative 200 V. This greatly exceeds the normal voltage the USB host adapter is designed to accept; the intention is that the device will destroy it (and perhaps the southbridge which it often forms part of). In many cases, this will render the computer inoperable.
This device has been compared to the Etherkiller, part of a family of cables that feed mains electricity into low-voltage sockets such as RJ45.

## Models

There are different models of the device, the latest being USB Killer v4. Earlier generations, including USB Killer v2, were developed by a Russian computer researcher with the alias Dark Purple.
Similar homemade devices have been constructed from camera flash parts, both of which already feature high-voltage circuitry.
A more recent version uses the piezo inverter transformer from a CCFL driver with a simple two-transistor resonant Royer oscillator, one-shot timer and a spark gap as a lightweight way to generate an 1800 V sharp pulse more closely simulating a low-power electrostatic discharge for mitigation and circuit testing purposes. The prototype has a countdown timer and ascending bleep warning to reduce the chances of accidental or malicious use.

## Malicious use

In April 2019, a student at College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York pleaded guilty to destroying 66 computers in his college using a USB killer. He also destroyed seven computer monitors and computer-enhanced podiums. He was sentenced to 12 months in prison, followed by a year of supervised release. He was ordered to pay $58,471 in restitution.

## Mouse version

There are also computer mice with built-in USB killers. The proof-of-concept was invented at the Silesian University of Technology in Poland, which patented it.
# Chippewa River Bottoms

Chippewa River Bottoms is a bottomland hardwood forest in Buffalo County, Wisconsin. It is the largest single stand of bottomland hardwood forest along the Chippewa River. Additionally, it is home to a large great blue heron rookery. The site was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1973.
# Turcaret

Turcaret (or Le Financier) is a comedy by Alain-René Lesage, first produced on 14 February 1709 at the Comédie-Française in Paris. It is considered one of Lesage's most important works.
The play shows clear signs of having been written by an admirer of Molière, and has much in common with his 1664 comedy Tartuffe.

## Plot

Turcaret is a ruthless, dishonest and dissolute financier. His vulgar wife is as dissolute as himself. A harebrained marquis, a knavish chevalier and a coquettish baroness, to whom Turcaret is attracted, are among the other highly comic characters.
# Jess Salomon

Jess Salomon is a Canadian stand-up comedian from Montreal, Quebec. She is most noted for her 2024 comedy album Sad Witch, which was a Juno Award nominee for Comedy Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2025.
Prior to launching her stand-up comedy career, Salomon was a war crimes lawyer at the International Court of Justice in The Hague.
Her press coverage has often focused on her unusual situation as a Jewish woman who is in a lesbian relationship with a Palestinian Muslim. In 2020, Salomon and her wife, Eman El-Husseini, launched the BBC World Service podcast Comedians vs. The News.
# Tantek Çelik

Tantek Çelik is a Turkish-American computer scientist, currently the Web standards lead at Mozilla Corporation. Çelik was previously the chief technologist at Technorati. He worked on microformats and is one of the principal editors of several Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) specifications. He is author of HTML5 Now: A Step-by-Step Video Tutorial for Getting Started Today (Voices That Matter) (ISBN 978-0-321-71991-1).

## Career

Çelik gained bachelor's and master's degrees in computer science from Stanford University. He worked at Microsoft from 1997 to 2004, where he helped lead development of the Macintosh version of Internet Explorer. Between 1998 and 2003, he managed a team of software developers that designed and implemented the Tasman rendering engine for Internet Explorer for Mac 5. During his time at Microsoft he also served as their alternate representative (1998–2000) and later their representative (2001–2004) to a number of working groups at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); he is credited on a number of recommendations relating to XHTML and Cascading Style Sheets due to this work. While working for Microsoft, he also developed the "box model hack" that is used by web designers to work around the Internet Explorer box model bug. and created the first reset style sheet.
Before working at Microsoft he worked in a variety of software engineer roles at Sun Microsystems, Oracle Corporation and Apple Computer. During his four years at Apple Computer (1992–1996), he spent most of his time on the OpenDoc project, first as a senior software developer and then as a technical lead. In 1996, he left Apple to form a software development and consulting company specialising in OpenDoc development, 6prime, with another OpenDoc technical lead Eric Soldan, however in 1997, Aladdin Systems purchased 6prime's main product REV releasing it as Flashback.
At Technorati, he led the adoption of better standards support (including microformats) throughout the company, including their website's front page. He was also involved with the special Election 2004 section of the website, including writing the initial version. He serves as a founder at the Global Multimedia Protocols Group.
In December 2010, Çelik began working on IndieWebCamp, an effort to coordinate a community of people to build tools to complement and eventually provide an alternative to social networking services like Twitter and Facebook.
He is the owner of the Twitter account @T.
# MCG +08-11-011

MCG +08-11-011 (MCG +8-11-11) known as UGC 3374, is a galaxy located in the constellation of Auriga. It is located 401 million light years from Earth and is classified as a Seyfert galaxy.

## Characteristics

MCG +8-11-11 is classified a type 1 Seyfert galaxy. It is face-on spiral galaxy located at a projected distance of 123 megaparsecs. It has a soft X-ray luminosity originating from its nuclear core varying between 0.5 and 1 10$^{44}$ erg s$^{−1}$. It is also one of the brightest active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed in X-ray bands but radio-quiet. Through detected by most X-ray satellites, the galaxy wasn't one of the targets noticed by Chandra X-ray Observatory. It has an X-ray spectrum fitted by an estimated power law of Γ = 1.8 with an undetermined iron line likely originating from distant matter. The galaxy has soft gamma-ray emission at 3.9 σ level, higher than 90 keV.
Additionally, MCG +8-11-11 contains X-ray fluxes. Based on observations by the INTErnational Gamma-ray Astrophysics Observation (INTEGRAL), they have measurements of F$_{20-100keV}$ = 8.46 x 10$^{−11}$ erg cm$^{−2}$ s$^{−1}$ and F$_{2-10keV}$ = 5.62 x 10$^{−11}$ erg cm$^{−2}$ s$^{−1}$ respectively. Based from a spectral analysis conducted by NuSTAR, the galaxy has a bolometric luminosity estimated as L$_{bol}$ = 14.2 x 10$^{44}$ erg s$^{−1}$. Furthermore, the black hole in MCG +8-11-11 has a mass of M$_{BH}$ = 7.19 ± 0.02 M$_Θ$ and an Eddington ratio of 7.54 x 10$^{−1}$. The thermal emission from its accretion disk is hot with a temperature of kT = 0.088$^{+0.018}$$_{-0.007}$ keV.

## Observations

MCG +8-11-11 has been observed in many occasions. In July 1995, its powerful gamma-ray flux was detected during a High Energy Astronomical Telescope balloon flight, suggesting its hard X-ray spectral feature was caused by a double-Compton backscattering exerted on its external cloud. A Suzaku observation conducted in 2010 finds out the galaxy exhibits spectral signatures from its accretion disk.
In November 2014, data from the observation by the 118 ks Chandra High Energy Transmission Gratings found MCG +8-11-11 shows lack of warm absorption and its Compton reflection signatures are described by out of direction material from the naked eye, based on an inclination angle of θ = 41$^{+18}$$_{−30}$ obtained by a MYTorus model. Between 2019 and 2020, it was determined that MCG +8-11-11 has a host-corrected AGN luminosity of 5100 Ά of (4.21 ± 0.65) x 10$^{43}$ erg s$^{−1}$ and a large disk-size according to a photometric reverberation mapping conducted by the Wise Observatory.

## Radio source

MCG +8-11-11 hosts a triple radio source in its center with a projected size of 400 parsecs and an S-shaped morphology. However the central compartment of the source has a small diameter of 30 parsecs and is possibly confirmed as the active galaxy's core. The source is also found embedded in diffused emission with a major-axis position angle similar to its bar but offset by 50 degrees.
# List of rulers of Pothohar plateau

Throughout much of its history, the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab was primarily dominated by the Khokhar and Gakhar tribes. Following a list of the known rulers of the Pothohar Plateau:
| Ruler | Reign | Note |
| Shaikha Khokhar | c. 1380 – 1399 | Martyred while fighting against Timur for the Sake of Potohar Plateau |
| Jasrat Khokhar | c. 1405 – 1442 | Had capital at Sialkot and Controlled Potohar & most of the Punjab and Captured Other states from Delhi Sultanate |
| Jhanda Khan Ghakkar | unknown – c. 1493 | Established city of Rawalpindi |
| Tatar Khan Ghakkar | unknown–1519 | Made alliance with Babur |
| Hathi Khan Gakkar | 1519–1526 | |
| Sarang Gakhar | 1526–1545 | Died fighting against Sher Shah Suri at Rawat |
| Adam Khan Gakhar | 1546–1555 | Under Mughal Empire |
| Kamal Khan Gakhar | 1555–1566 | |
| Said Khan | 1563–1597 | founded Saidpur village |
| Nazar Khan | Unknown | Commander of 500 |
| Allah Quli Khan | 1681–1705 | |
| Sultan Muqarrab Khan | 1705–1769 | Last effective ruler of Pothohar |
# Thanks Maa

Thanks Maa (transl. Thanks mother) is an Indian Hindi language drama film, directed by Irfan Kamal, distributed by Sony Pictures Entertainment India. The film focuses on child abandonment in India. It has been officially selected to be screened at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, the Pusan International Film Festival, the Montreal World Film Festival, the Cannes Film Festival, the International Film Festival of India and the Palm Springs International Film Festival. The debut child actor Master Shams Patel has also won Best Child Artist for the film, at the 56th National Film Awards.

## Plot

A 12-year-old street kid named Municipality, while on the run from the reformatory, finds and saves a two-day-old abandoned child from being prey to a ferocious street dog. Failing to find any takers among the people he deemed responsible and respectable, Municipality takes up the onus of finding the child's mother himself. Here onwards ensues his struggle in the urban jungle of Mumbai with just four of his friends from the streets: Soda (15), Sursuri (10), Cutting (8), and Dhed-shaana (6).
Municipality's rock-steady determination ultimately helps him emerge a winner against all odds as he reaches the child's mother. In the bargain, he loses his 'God like' and flawless image of a mother he used to anticipate in his dreams. A mother, who he hoped, would come searching for him someday at the Municipality Hospital, where he was abandoned 12 years ago.
The film ends by showcasing some of the real-life issues of abandoned children and the misery they face in their day-to-day lives.

## Cast

* Master Shams as Municipality Ghatkopar (W)
* Master Salman as Soda
* Master Fayyaz as Cutting
* Baby Almas as Sursuri
* Master Jaffer as Dhed-Shaana
* Baby Sakshi as Krish
* Alok Nath as Warden of the Reformatory
* Raghubir Yadav as Peon of the Municipality Hospital
* Barry John as Priest at the Church
* Sanjay Mishra as The Cab Driver
* Ranvir Shorey as Mr.Motwani
* Mukta Barve as Lakshmi The Prostitute
* Jalees Sherwani as Head Eunuch
* Bikramjeet Kanwarpal
* Subrat Dutta
* Balkrishna Shinde as Tatya langada
* Ayesha Raza as Motwani's wife.
* Rasika Dugal as Krish's biological mother.
* Yatin Karyekar as Krish's biological father.
* Rukhsar Rehman as Municipality's biological mother.
# Inside (Monica song)

"Inside" is a song from American singer Monica's second studio album, The Boy Is Mine. It was released only in Europe as the album's fourth single in April 1999. The video, directed by Earle Sebastian (known for his work for Madonna, Mary J. Blige, Destiny's Child, among others) only received airplay in Europe as promotion for the album.

## Background and release

"Inside" was the fourth release overall from The Boy Is Mine and the only official release in Europe. The CD version of the single features various remixes produced by Masters at work. The song became Monica's first official single not reaching the charts in the United Kingdom.

## Format and track listings

These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "Inside."
European CD single
* "Inside" (Album Version) - 4:11
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Radio Edit) - 4:15
European CD maxi single
UK CD single (Part One)
* "Inside" (Album Version) - 4:11
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Remix) (Radio Edit) - 4:15
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Remix) - 8:17
UK and French CD single ("Masters At Work Remixes")
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Remix) (Radio Edit) - 3:53
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Dub) - 8:16
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Dub Intro Vocal Mix) - 7:09
European 12-inch vinyl ("Masters At Work Remixes")
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Remix) - 8:16
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Vocal Dub) - 3:55
* "Inside" (Masters At Work Dub) - 8:16
* "Inside" (Album Version) - 4:11
# Karaagach (river)

The Karaagach (Bulgarian: Караагач), also known as Kitenska reka (Китенска река), is a 36 km long river in Burgas Province, southeastern Bulgaria. There are no settlements along its course. The river is rich in rare fish species and has varied flora.
The river takes its source under the name Stara Vizitsa at an altitude of 331 m, some 400 m northeast of the summit of Demira (424 m) in the Bosna Ridge of the Strandzha mountain range. Throughout most of its course the Karaagach flows in a deep forested valley. It initially flows in eastern direction, then takes a northeastern turn and after taking the waters from its left tributary Uzunchairska reka, it again heads east. It flows into the Black Sea in the southeastern part of the small Karaagach bay, at 800 m south of the town of Kiten on the territory of the Tsarevo Municipality. It forms a deep estuary which reaches depth of 11–14 metres (36–46 ft).
Its drainage basin covers a territory of 182 km$^2$ and borders the drainage basins of the Dyavolska reka to the north and west, the Veleka to the south and southwest, and several small rivers flowing into the Black Sea to the east. The Karaagach has predominantly rain feed with high water in January–February and low water in August.

## Citations

* ↑ Scientific Information Center "Bulgarian Encyclopedia" 2015, p. 113
* 1 2 3 Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, p. 240
# Silver Wolf Award (Scouterna)

The Silver Wolf (Swedish: Silvervargen) is the highest award made by Swedish Scouting, to active leaders at the national level for exceptionally meritorious work. The award consists of a stylized silver wolf with a fleur-de-lis with the words "Scouterna", suspended from a turquoise neck ribbon. The Silver Wolf will be distributed by someone who already holds the award.
The Silver Wolf was established in 1920 for extraordinary contributions to Scouting. The original badge also meant that apart from being first-class, the Scout also passed tests for first aid and another 15 specific merit badges.
When the 1935 World Scout Conference decided that each country would have a Silver Wolf as the highest award at the national level, Sweden chose to continue with the Silver Wolf but then changed so that the Svenska Scoutunionen (Swedish Scout Union) distributed it. At this time the Silver Wolf took on the form it has today.
The first Silver Wolf was awarded to Ebbe Lieberath in 1920. The first awarded the Silver Wolf in its new form was Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten in 1935. In 1970 Ingrid Ericsson was the first woman awarded the Silver Wolf.

## Recipients

Notable recipients include Lord Baden-Powell, Hubert S. Martin, Hugo Cedergren, Sten Thiel, Folke Bernadotte, J. S. Wilson, Bengt Junker, Daniel C. Spry, John Thurman, A. Erik Ende, Bertil Tunje, King Carl XVI Gustaf, Göran Hägerdal, Rick Cronk, and Wayne M. Perry.
# Takehiro Hasegawa

Takehiro Hasegawa (長谷川 威展, Hasegawa Takehiro, born August 9, 1999) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.

## Professional career
### Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters

On October 11, 2021, Hasegawa was drafted 6th round pick by the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters in the 2021 Nippon Professional Baseball draft.
On March 26, 2022, Hasegawa pitched his debut game in the Pacific League against the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. On October 2, against the Saitama Seibu Lions, he recorded a hold for the first time. He pitched two games in his rookie year.
Hasegawa pitched 9 games in 2023 seasons.

### Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks

On December 8, 2023, NPB held its second time Active player draft, and Hasegawa was selected by the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and transferred.