OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Journal of Finnish Studies

The Journal of Finnish Studies is a double-blind, peer-reviewed journal that publishes scholarly articles about Finland for an international audience. The journal was established in 1997 at the University of Toronto by Professor Börje Vähämäki. In 2009, the journal moved to Finlandia University, where it was edited by Professor Beth Virtanen until 2011.
For a decade (2011–2021), the Journal of Finnish Studies was edited in the English Department at Sam Houston State University by Professor Helena Halmari. The co-editor of the journal was Professor and Vice Rector Hanna Snellman at the University of Helsinki, the associate editor was Dr. Scott Kaukonen at Sam Houston State University, and the assistant editor was Dr. Hilary-Joy Virtanen at Finlandia University. Dr. Sheila Embleton from York University served as the book-review editor. Volumes 15 through 24 were edited at Sam Houston State University.
Since 2022, the journal has been published by University of Illinois press.
The mission of the Journal of Finnish Studies is to publish scholarly articles about topics related to Finland and the Finnish diaspora for the international, English-speaking audience. Each volume includes two issues, and the journal also publishes guest-edited theme issues from time to time. The journal's editorial board includes prominent academics both in Finland and internationally.
Starting from volume 25, the Journal of Finnish Studies is co-edited by Professors Thomas A. DuBois (University of Wisconsin) and Hilary-Joy Virtanen (Finlandia University).
* LCCN Permalink: https://lccn.loc.gov/98651401
* LC classification: PH300.J68
* ISSN 1206-6516 (each issue has a separate ISBN)
# Charotar University of Science and Technology

Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT) is a private university in Gujarat, India.

## History

The founder-president of the Kelavani mandal, Chhotabhai Bhikhabhai Patel, and K.C. Patel, who succeeded him worked on the idea of a university at Education Campus, Changa (ECC). ECC started with the establishment of Charotar Institute of Technology - Changa (CITC) as the first institute which is now known as Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology (CSPIT) in the year 2000.
With the need for autonomy, the ECC applied for university status at UGC and Gujarat Government, which was granted on July 7, 2009, when the ECC was accorded the status of University and Charotar University of Science and Technology was established.

## Campus

The university is situated in the village of Changa, a Charotar Moti Sattavis Patidar Samaj. Charotar is the region comprising the Anand and Kheda districts of Gujarat. The university has about 1700 faculty members and 8000 students.

## Rankings

Charusat has recently got Aplus ranking by NAAC and CHARUSAT has been ranked in the 151–200 band among universities in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2022.
# Centrifugal gun

A centrifugal gun is a type of rapid-fire projectile accelerator, like a machine gun but operating on a different principle. Centrifugal guns use a rapidly rotating disc to impart energy to the projectiles, gaining kinetic energy from steam, electricity or other engine source rather than gunpowder. The centrifugal gun was one of a number or different ideas proposed to address the problems of smoke, over-heating, and premature detonation, that were eventually solved by smokeless powder, improved metallurgy, and shock-and-heat stable explosives.

## History

A steam-powered centrifugal gun built by Charles Dickinson of Boston was tested during the American Civil War. This gun was popularly but incorrectly attributed to pro-Southern Maryland millionaire and inventor Ross Winans. Another hand-cranked centrifugal gun that fired musket balls was designed by Robert McCarty during the same period. Despite repeated tests, including one in the presence of Abraham Lincoln, McCarty's gun never saw service. John A. Dahlgren however took the idea seriously, and after testing McCarty's prototype, he built a steam-powered 12 pounder which could fire 15 rounds in 16 seconds and had a range of a mile, though with extremely low accuracy. As historian Robert V. Bruce notes: "the sole casualty of centrifugal gunfire during the Civil War seems to have been one ill-starred Army mule".
The idea was tested during World War I by the US Bureau of Standards, using a prototype built by lawyer Edward T. Moore, and advertised as a silent machine gun. The prototype used a powerful electric motor to spin the gun's grooved rotor. It was abandoned due to extremely poor accuracy. Moore was granted USPTO patent number 1332992. Another design can be found in USPTO patent number 1311492, granted in July 1919. Another effort during World War I was to build a centrifugal gun powered by an aircraft engine. This design was advanced by E. L. Rice and taken seriously by Robert Andrews Millikan and the National Research Council; the project ultimately proved "beyond resolution".
In an episode from the 2007 season of MythBusters Adam and Jamie built a replica of the Winans Steam Gun and found it unreliable.

## Similar devices

In 2005, a new centrifugal weapon called DREAD, invented by Charles St George, was discussed in New Scientist and in Annals of Improbable Research. DREAD, patented in 2003, claims to launch projectiles with the speed of a handgun, at about 300 m/s.
SpinLaunch, a California company founded in 2014, is working to launch satellites into space with a system similar to a centrifugal gun.
# Crispin rival de son maître

Crispin rival de son maître (English: Crispin, his master's rival) is a farce in one act by Alain-René Lesage first produced in 1707. Its plot concerns the effort of a valet who, rather than try to further his masters interests as is typical of the period, tries to supplant that master in love and gain.
* This article on a play from the 18th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Fashandak

Fashandak (Persian: فشندك) is a village in Miyan Taleqan Rural District of the Central District in Taleqan County, Alborz province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,198 in 388 households, when it was in Pain Taleqan Rural District of the former Taleqan District in Savojbolagh County, Tehran province. In 2010, the county was separated from the province in the establishment of Alborz province. The district was separated from the county in establishing Taleqan County, and the village was transferred to Miyan Taleqan Rural District in the new Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 420 people in 177 households.
# Mohab Samer

Mohab Samer (born 6 June 1995) is an Egyptian sabre fencer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. Samer has worked as a site engineer at Rowad Modern Engineering in Egypt
# Urs Burkart

Urs Burkart (born January 9, 1963) is a former Swiss professional ice hockey defenceman who played Switzerland's National League A for EHC Kloten and EV Zug.
Burkart participated as a member of the Swiss national team at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
He is currently F&ACE coordinator.
# Gloydius halys ubsunurensis

Gloydius halys ubsunurensis, also known as the Ubsunur pit viper or the Ubsunur Mamushi, is a subspecies of Halys pitviper from Mongolia and Russia. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous.

## Description

Gloydius halys ubsunurensis is distinguished from its sister subspecies by specific scale counts as well as the many light bands across its body and tail outlined in a darker colouration, its light-brown to grey colouration and its darker underside.

## Reproduction

Glydius halys ubsunurensis is known to be viviparous.
# Pertti Jantunen

Pertti Jantunen, born 25 June 1952, is a Finnish football manager and a former footballer.

## Club career

Jantunen played for Reipas Lahti in the Finnish premier division Mestaruussarja before joining CD Málaga in 1977 as the first ever Finnish footballer in Spain. In 1979, he was signed by Bristol City. Jantunen was the first Finn playing the top level in England. He also played for IFK Eskilstuna and Västerås SK in Sweden.

## International career

Jantunen was capped 26 times for Finland, making his international debut in September 1975 against the Netherlands in Nijmegen.
# Julian Worricker

Julian Gordon Worricker (born 6 January 1963 in Woking, Surrey) is an English journalist, currently working as one of the main presenters of Weekend on the BBC World Service, as stand-in presenter of Any Answers on BBC Radio 4, and as a relief presenter on The Media Show which is also seen on BBC News, the corporation's 24-hour rolling news channel. He also presented You and Yours on BBC Radio 4 until leaving in October 2013.

## Early life

Worricker was educated at Epsom College in Surrey; he went on to study English literature at the University of Leicester.

## Career

He joined the BBC in 1985 as a staff reporter for BBC Radio Leicester before moving to Midlands Today as a TV presenter in 1988. In January 1989, he rejoined Radio Leicester as News Editor. In 1991, he moved to join the newly launched station Radio Five in Manchester, presenting the evening magazine programme, Five Aside. He joined Five Live at its launch in 1994, initially as a newsreader and reporter, but was soon a regular presenter on Weekend Breakfast before presenting Five Live Breakfast alongside Victoria Derbyshire.
He then moved to television in February 2003 presenting The News Show on BBC Three before returning to Five Live as presenter of the mid-morning show from July 2003 (taking over from Fi Glover) until July 2004, when he left to become a relief presenter for BBC News. He has also presented the BBC Radio 4 obituary programme Last Word.
From September 2002 until September 2007, he presented the current affairs programme Worricker on Sunday, which also included the 5 Live Report. In September 2007, Worricker decided to take a six-month break from both 5 Live, after 13 years, and BBC News in order to go travelling around the world.
In 2024 and into 2025, he can be heard presenting Weekend on the BBC World Service most Saturday and Sunday mornings.

## Personal life

He suffers from psoriatic arthritis. In 2020, he shielded during the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Głuszyca

Głuszyca (German: Wüstegiersdorf) is a town in Wałbrzych County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. As of 2019, the town has a population of 6,361. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Głuszyca, close to the Czech border. The town lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Wałbrzych, and 69 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław. It is located within the historic region of Lower Silesia.

## History

The settlement was mentioned as Wustendorf in the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1300 as a village owned by the Bishopric of Wrocław, when it was part of Piast-ruled fragmented Poland. It was founded in the late 13th century during the reign of Duke Bolko I the Strict of the Piast dynasty, named Neu-Gerhardisdorf ("Gerhard's new village") as a settlement of German immigrants.
After the town was devastated in the wake of the Hussite Wars, the town was resettled by miners from Saxony. In the 16th century, it passed under Austrian suzerainty, then was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in the 18th century, and between 1871 and 1945 it was also part of Germany. During World War II, the Germans created several forced labour camps in the village, subject to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Thousands of people, women and men were imprisoned there. After Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, the settlement became again part of Poland under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement.
The local textile factories were heavily devastated because of their use by Germany for armaments production. In 1946 production started thanks to specialists from Łódź, and soon Głuszyca became one of the leading centers of the cotton industry in the region. Głuszyca was granted town rights in 1962.

## Transport

There is a train station in the town.

## Sports

The local football club is Włókniarz Głuszyca. It competes in the lower leagues.
# Hałdrychowice

Hałdrychowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzybórz, within Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Międzybórz, 27 km (17 mi) north-east of Oleśnica, and 51 km (32 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Clements, Kansas

Clements is an unincorporated community in Chase County, Kansas, United States. It is located about halfway between Strong City and Florence near the intersection of U.S. Route 50 highway and G Rd.

## History
### Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

### 19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square miles (2,140,000 km$^2$) Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.
In 1806, Zebulon Pike led the Pike Expedition westward from St Louis, Missouri, of which part of their journey followed the Cottonwood River through Chase County near the current community of Clements.
In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1859, Chase County was established within the Kansas Territory, which included the land for modern day Clements.
In 1862, a post office opened in nearby Silver Creek (an extinct town).
In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a main line east–west through the community. In 1996, it merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Santa Fe".
In 1881, the post office from Silver Creek was moved to the rail community of Crawfordsville, which was renamed in 1884 to Clements. The post office was discontinued in 1988.
In 1887, the nearby Clements Stone Arch Bridge was completed over the Cottonwood River.

### 20th century

There have been numerous floods during the history of Clements. In June and July 1951, due to heavy rains, rivers and streams flooded numerous cities in Kansas, including Clements. Many reservoirs and levees were built in Kansas as part of a response to the Great Flood of 1951.

## Geography

Clements is located in the Flint Hills of the Great Plains. The Cottonwood River runs through the southern part of the community.

## Area attractions

Clements has one listing on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Chase County, Kansas (NRHP). The Clements Stone Arch Bridge was built of native limestone across Cottonwood River in 1887. The two-span bridge with a main span of 57.1 ft (17.4 m) and a length of 126.9 ft (38.7 m) is now open only to pedestrians.

## Education

The community is served by Chase County USD 284 public school district. It has two schools.

## Infrastructure
### Transportation

U.S. Route 50 highway and BNSF Railway pass through Clements.
# R.S. Chib

Rajinder Singh Chib (born 1942, also known as R.S. Chib) is an Indian politician and former Indian Air Force officer. He is a member of the Democratic Progressive Azad Party. Chib served as Cabinet Minister of Health, Tourism, Medical Education and Environment in the Jammu and Kashmir cabinet from 1986 to 1990 and was reappointed as cabinet Minister of Technical Education, Medical Education and Youth Affairs and Sports from 2009 to 2014. On 3 October 2022, Chib was appointed as General Secretary for Democratic Azad Party.

## Political career

R.S. Chib started his political career with the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference and served as cabinet minister in the Jammu and Kashmir government from 1986 to 1990. He quit from his posts and the party after accusing it of neglecting ex-servicemen and displaced persons.
He then joined the Janata Dal when V. P. Singh was the Prime Minister of India and unsuccessfully contested Lok Sabha elections from Jammu, Udhampur and Gurdaspur. After the Janata Dal's dissolution in 1999, Chib joined the Bhartiya Janata Party.
In 2002, Chib fought the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly elections from the Suchetgarh Assembly constituency but lost. He later joined the Indian National Congress. He has also served as Vice President and General Secretary for the Jammu and Kashmir Pradesh Congress Committee.
After Ghulam Nabi Azad resigned from the Indian National Congress in August 2022, Chib was among the former ministers who resigned in support of Azad. He became a member of the Democratic Azad Party.
On 3 October 2022, R.S. Chib was appointed as General Secretary for Democratic Azad Party.

## Personal life

Chib was born in Watala Bhimber (now in Pakistan Administered Kashmir). He pursued his B.E. degree from Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani and post graduation from Indian Institute of Science. He also got fellowship in Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers. He served as an honorary professor in Rajouri's Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University.
He is married to Usha Chib and has two sons, Vivek and Kunal. Vivek Chib is senior advocate designated by the Delhi High Court and Kunal Chib is a businessman and the president of the J&K Power Lifting Association
# Janczowice

Janczowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łagiewniki, within Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Dzierżoniów, and 44 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Janików, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Janików is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oława, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Oława, and 30 km (19 mi) south-east of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Green Lung

Green Lung is a British stoner doom band formed in 2017 in London, currently signed to Nuclear Blast Records.

## History

Green Lung began by playing to small audiences in local public houses, building a following in part due to activity on Instagram From here, the band's first signing was with German independent label Kosmic Artifactz, with whom they released their first EP, Free the Witch in 2018, and then their first LP Woodland Rites in March 2019. This latter release saw significant critical acclaim within the relevant specialist press, with Rich Webb of Distorted Sound magazine describing it as "simply incredible" and Dave Knowles of Metal Temple calling it an "instant classic".
They then signed with Finnish doom metal specialist label Svart Records in 2020. Vocalist Tom Templar said at interview that the band chose Svart over an unidentified larger label, calling them the "last bastion of music industry good". In 2021 the band played at Bloodstock festival, before releasing the album Black Harvest in October of that year. This release again received positive reviews, this time from larger publications including Kerrang!.
The band signed with Nuclear Blast Records in July 2022, before playing a set at Damnation Festival in November, again to positive coverage including from Kerrang!
They supported Clutch in an international tour in late 2022.
In November 2023, they released their third studio album, 'This Heathen Land'.

## Influences and musical style

Green Lung's musical style has been described as drawing heavily from British classic rock and early heavy metal, with Queen, Deep Purple and especially Black Sabbath's 1970s material cited as audible influences by reviewers.
The band's lyrical and visual theming are influenced by 1960s and 70s folk horror films and also by British folklore such as the Green Man and the Pendle witches.
The band works with English graphic designer and illustrator Richard Wells, who has designed the covers and vinyl inserts for their albums and their EP, as well as merchandise and stage backdrops. The art produced in his work with Green Lung is inspired by Wells's own linocut art style and evokes the same folklore and horror themes as their lyrics.

## Discography

Studio albums
* Woodland Rites (2019)
* Black Harvest (2021)
* This Heathen Land (2023)
EP
* Free the Witch (2018)
Demo
* Green Man Rising (2017)
Singles
* "Lady Lucifer" (2018)
* "Let the Devil In" (2019)
* "Leaders of the Blind" (2021)
* "Reaper's Scythe" (2021)
* "Graveyard Sun" (2021)
* "Upon the Altar" (2021)
* "Mountain Throne" (2023)
* "Maxine (Witch Queen)" (2023)
* "One for Sorrow" (2023)
# Janochów

Janochów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świerzawa, within Złotoryja County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Świerzawa, 18 km (11 mi) south of Złotoryja, and 84 km (52 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Janowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Janowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruja, within Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Ruja, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Legnica, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Romo (surname)

Romo is the surname of:
* Alfonso Romo (born 1950), Mexican businessman
* Bárbara Romo Fonseca (born 1977), Mexican politician
* Bruno Romo (born 1989), Chilean footballer
* David Romo (born 1978), French former footballer
* Drew Romo (born 2001), American baseball player
* Eneko Romo (born 1979), Spanish footballer
* Enrique Romo (born 1947), Mexican former Major League Baseball pitcher, brother of Vicente Romo
* Fabian Romo (born 1997), American wheelchair basketball player
* Isaac Romo (born 1983), Mexican footballer
* John Parker Romo (born 1997), American football player
* Jorge Romo (1924-2014), Mexican footballer
* Jorge Romo (Chilean footballer) (born 1990)
* Jorge Villalpando Romo (born 1985), Mexican footballer
* José Ramón Romo (born 1963), Spanish retired footballer
* Julio Salas Romo (1913-unknown), Chilean chess player
* Lawrence Romo, American civil servant and former US Air Force lieutenant colonel
* Luis Romo (born 1995), Mexican footballer
* Miguel Romo Medina (born 1949), Mexican politician
* Olle Romo, Swedish music producer, songwriter and drummer
* Osvaldo Romo (c. 1938-2007), Chilean intelligence agent and torturer
* Pedro Romo (actor) (born 1957), Mexican actor and comedian
* Pedro Romo (footballer) (born 1989), Ecuadorian footballer
* Rafael Romo (born 1990), Venezuelan footballer
* Ricardo Romo (born 1943), American President of the University of Texas at San Antonio and urban historian
* Sergio Romo (born 1983), American Major League Baseball pitcher
* Sonia Romo Verdesoto, Ecuadorian poet
* Tony Romo (born 1980), American football quarterback and broadcaster
* Verónica Escobar Romo (born 1955), Mexican lawyer and politician, former mayor of Acapulco
* Vicente Romo (born 1943), Mexican former Major League Baseball pitcher
* Ximena Romo (born 1990), Mexican actress
# Manishankar Pandey

Manishankar Pandey (born 20 October 1950) is an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh. Pandey has completed his BA, MA & LLB from Banaras Hindu University. He represented the Uttar Pradesh Legislative council from 1989 to 1995. He was active in the Indian National Congress Party for more than 45 years from the 1960s to 2018. In 2018, Manishankar Pandey left Indian National Congress Party for joining Lok Janshakti Party. Ram Vilas Paswan appointed Manishankar Pandey as state president for Uttar Pradesh Lok Jan Shakti Party wing the moment he joined the party. During the split of Lok Jan Shakti Party, Pandey stood with the Chirag Paswan faction. Now, Manishankar Pandey is acting as State President for the Uttar Pradesh Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) wing.