# Spouse or partner of the prime minister of Australia

The spouse of the prime minister of Australia or partner of the prime minister of Australia is the host of The Lodge and Kirribilli House, usually the wife, husband or partner of the prime minister of Australia, concurrent with the tenure of the prime minister. Although there are no officially defined responsibilities for the role, the incumbent is generally a high-profile individual who is involved in the political and social life of Australia, assisting the prime minister with carrying out ceremonial duties as well as performing various other functions.
With a few exceptions, the prime minister's spouse has been a public figure and the subject of media and societal interest. Most have used the position to promote charitable causes. By convention, the spouse of the prime minister serves as the host of The Lodge, the primary official residence of the prime minister, and Kirribilli House, the secondary residence. The incumbent also assists the prime minister in welcoming foreign dignitaries to Parliament House, on official state visits overseas and at various other locations during ceremonial events. However, the position itself is unpaid and there are no official responsibilities, duties or obligations.
Spouses often assist the prime minister at campaign events. However, only two prime ministers' spouses have held public office in their own right – Enid Lyons became the first woman elected to the House of Representatives several years after her husband's death in office, while Lucy Turnbull was Lord Mayor of Sydney over a decade before her husband became prime minister. Ethel Page held senior offices in the organisational wing of the Country Party.
The current prime minister, Anthony Albanese, is the first divorcee to be appointed. He and his partner, Jodie Haydon, who lives in her own home in Sydney, became engaged on Valentine's Day, 2024. Their wedding will be held after the 2025 Australian federal election.
All prime ministers except John McEwen, Julia Gillard and Albanese were married for the duration of their term in office. McEwen was a widower during his short term; Gillard was in a domestic partnership with Tim Mathieson.
Until the 1960s, it was uncommon for the spouse of a prime minister to have their own career. Zara Holt, a fashion designer, was the first to continue her career during her husband's term in office, and reputedly earned more money than him. Other businesswomen to hold the position have included Thérèse Rein, who ran an employment services company, and Margie Abbott, who ran a childcare centre. Bettina Gorton was an academic who lectured part-time at the Australian National University.

## Role

The prime minister's spouse has no official duties. Some earlier spouses stayed mainly at home and took little part in public life. Although a prime minister's spouse may be unofficially referred to as Australia's "first lady" or "first bloke", a spouse does not receive a staff or official budget.
However, most recent prime ministers' spouses have been involved in charities or community organisations, working to raise public awareness, funds, and support for a range of causes. They generally assist their partners in political campaigns and participate in official duties that come with the position, such as hosting foreign dignitaries and, in particular, entertaining the spouses of dignitaries; accompanying the prime ministers on national and international trips; attending conferences and functions; and speaking in public, particularly in the prime minister's constituency. They have attended the opening of Parliament; hosted visitors at The Lodge and Kirribilli House; visited Buckingham Palace, the White House, or the Japanese Imperial Palace; and been present at royal coronations and conferences.
Others were initially preoccupied with rearing children, most notably Dame Enid Lyons (1932–39), who had 12 children (one died in infancy). In 1943, four years after her husband's death in office, she was the first woman to be elected to the House of Representatives. She was a junior minister in the Menzies government from 1949 to 1951.

## Official recognition

Some prime ministers' spouses have received official recognition for their services to the community:
* Flora Reid, Mary Cook, Mary Hughes, Enid Lyons, Pattie Menzies and Zara Holt were given damehoods.
* Pattie Deakin accepted the award of Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1934, to be announced in the New Year's Honours of 1935; she died two days before the announcement.
* Margaret Whitlam, Tamie Fraser and Hazel Hawke were made officers of the Order of Australia. Lucy Turnbull was appointed an officer of the order before her husband became prime minister.
Tamie Fraser was the first spouse of a prime minister to be provided with an official secretary for dealing with her correspondence.

## List of spouses or partners

| No. | Portrait | Spouse or partner | Tenure | Length of tenure | Prime Minister |
| 1 | | Jane Barton 11 June 1851 – 23 March 1938 (aged 86) | 1 January 1901 – 24 September 1903 | 2 years, 8 months and 23 days | Barton m. 1877 |
| 2 | | Pattie Deakin 1 January 1863 – 30 December 1934 (aged 71) | 24 September 1903 – 27 April 1904 | 7 months and 3 days | Deakin m. 1882 |
| 3 | | Ada Watson 4 February 1855 – 19 July 1921 (aged 66) | 27 April 1904 – 18 August 1904 | 3 months and 22 days | Watson m. 1889 |
| 4 | | Flora Reid 10 November 1876 – 1 September 1950 (aged 82) | 18 August 1904 – 5 July 1905 | 10 months and 17 days | Reid m. 1891 |
| (2) | | Pattie Deakin 1 January 1863 – 30 December 1934 (aged 71) | 5 July 1905 – 13 November 1908 | 3 years, 4 months and 8 days | Deakin m. 1882 |
| 5 | | Margaret Fisher 4 July 1874 – 15 June 1958 (aged 83) | 13 November 1908 – 2 June 1909 | 6 months and 20 days | Fisher m. 1901 |
| (2) | | Pattie Deakin 1 January 1863 – 30 December 1934 (aged 71) | 2 June 1909 – 29 April 1910 | 10 months and 27 days | Deakin m. 1882 |
| (5) | | Margaret Fisher 4 July 1874 – 15 June 1958 (aged 83) | 29 April 1910 – 24 June 1913 | 3 years, 1 month and 26 days | Fisher m. 1901 |
| 6 | | Mary Cook 1863 – 24 September 1950 (aged 86–87) | 24 June 1913 – 17 September 1914 | 1 year, 2 months and 24 days | Cook m. 1885 |
| (5) | | Margaret Fisher 4 July 1874 – 15 June 1958 (aged 83) | 17 September 1914 – 27 October 1915 | 1 year, 1 month and 10 days | Fisher m. 1901 |
| 7 | | Mary Hughes 6 June 1874 – 2 April 1958 (aged 83) | 27 October 1915 – 9 February 1923 | 7 years, 3 months and 13 days | Hughes m. 1911 |
| 8 | | Ethel Bruce 25 May 1879 – 16 March 1967 (aged 88) | 9 February 1923 – 22 March 1929 | 6 years, 1 month and 13 days | Bruce m. 1913 |
| 9 | | Sarah Scullin 21 April 1880 – 31 May 1962 (aged 82) | 22 March 1929 – 6 January 1932 | 2 years, 9 months and 15 days | Scullin m. 1907 |
| 10 | | Enid Lyons GBE 19 July 1897 – 2 September 1981 (aged 84) | 6 January 1932 – 7 April 1939 | 7 years, 3 months and 1 day | Lyons m. 1915 |
| 11 | | Ethel Page 20 September 1875 – 26 May 1958 (aged 82) | 7 April 1939 – 26 April 1939 | 19 days | Page m. 1906 |
| 12 | | Pattie Menzies 2 March 1899 – 30 August 1995 (aged 96) | 26 April 1939 – 29 August 1941 | 2 years, 4 months and 3 days | Menzies m. 1920 |
| 13 | | Ilma Fadden 2 April 1895 – 14 May 1987 (aged 92) | 29 August 1941 – 7 October 1941 | 1 month and 8 days | Fadden m. 1916 |
| 14 | | Elsie Curtin 4 October 1890 – 24 June 1975 (aged 84) | 7 October 1941 – 5 July 1945 | 3 years, 8 months and 28 days | Curtin m. 1921 |
| 15 | | Vera Forde 31 December 1894 – 9 November 1967 (aged 72) | 5 July 1945 – 13 July 1945 | 8 days | Forde m. 1925 |
| 16 | | Elizabeth Chifley 1 August 1886 – 9 September 1962 (aged 76) | 13 July 1945 – 19 December 1949 | 4 years, 5 months and 6 days | Chifley m. 1914 |
| (12) | | Pattie Menzies GBE 2 March 1899 – 30 August 1995 (aged 96) | 19 December 1949 – 26 January 1966 | 16 years, 1 month and 7 days | Menzies m. 1920 |
| 17 | | Zara Holt 10 March 1909 – 14 June 1989 (aged 80) | 26 January 1966 – 17 December 1967 | 1 year, 10 months and 21 days | Holt m. 1946 |
| | 01.1 None | 01.1 None | 17 December 1967 – 10 January 1968 | 24 days | McEwen Widower |
| 18 | | Bettina Gorton 23 June 1915 – 2 October 1983 (aged 68) | 10 January 1968 – 10 March 1971 | 3 years and 2 months | Gorton m. 1935 |
| 19 | | Sonia McMahon 1 August 1932 – 2 April 2010 (aged 77) | 10 March 1971 – 5 December 1972 | 1 year, 8 months and 25 days | McMahon m. 1965 |
| 20 | | Margaret Whitlam AO 19 November 1919 – 17 March 2012 (aged 92) | 5 December 1972 – 11 November 1975 | 2 years, 11 months and 6 days | Whitlam m. 1942 |
| 21 | | Tamie Fraser 28 February 1936 (aged 88) | 11 November 1975 – 5 March 1983 | 7 years, 3 months and 22 days | Fraser m. 1956 |
| 22 | | Hazel Hawke 20 July 1929 – 23 May 2013 (aged 83) | 5 March 1983 – 20 December 1991 | 8 years, 9 months and 15 days | Hawke m. 1956 |
| 23 | | Annita Keating 5 October 1948 (aged 76) | 20 December 1991 – 11 March 1996 | 4 years, 2 months and 20 days | Keating m. 1975 |
| 24 | | Janette Howard 11 August 1944 (aged 80) | 11 March 1996 – 3 December 2007 | 11 years, 8 months and 22 days | Howard m. 1971 |
| 25 | | Thérèse Rein 17 July 1958 (aged 66) | 3 December 2007 – 24 June 2010 | 2 years, 6 months and 21 days | Rudd m. 1981 |
| 26 | | Tim Mathieson 1957 (aged 67–68) | 24 June 2010 – 27 June 2013 | 3 years and 3 days | Gillard domestic partner |
| (25) | | Thérèse Rein 17 July 1958 (aged 66) | 27 June 2013 – 18 September 2013 | 2 months and 22 days | Rudd m. 1981 |
| 27 | | Margie Abbott 1 February 1958 (aged 67) | 18 September 2013 – 15 September 2015 | 1 year, 11 months and 28 days | Abbott m. 1988 |
| 28 | | Lucy Turnbull AO 30 March 1958 (aged 66) | 15 September 2015 – 24 August 2018 | 2 years, 11 months and 9 days | Turnbull m. 1980 |
| 29 | | Jenny Morrison 8 January 1968 (aged 57) | 24 August 2018 – 23 May 2022 | 3 years, 8 months and 29 days | Morrison m. 1989 |
| 30 | | Jodie Haydon 1979 (aged 45–46) | 23 May 2022 – Incumbent | 2 years, 9 months and 1 day | Albanese partner then fiancée |

### Others

A number of prime ministers have remarried after leaving office or had marriages that ended before taking office.
* Billy Hughes was in a common-law marriage with Elizabeth Cutts from approximately 1890 to her death in 1906. He had six children with her, and also raised her son from a previous relationship.
* Chris Watson married Antonia Dowlan in 1925, following the death of his first wife Ada in 1921. They had one daughter together.
* Earle Page married Jean Thomas in 1959, following the death of his first wife Ethel in 1958. She had previously been his personal secretary.
* John McEwen married Annie McLeod in 1921; she died in 1967, ten months before he became prime minister. He remarried in 1968 to Mary Byrne, who had previously been his personal secretary.
* John Gorton married Nancy Home in 1993, following the death of his first wife Bettina in 1983.
* Bob Hawke married Blanche d'Alpuget in 1996, after divorcing his first wife Hazel in 1994. D'Alpuget had previously been his biographer.
* Paul Keating divorced Annita Keating after leaving office. He has not remarried, though his domestic partner since 1998 has been Julieanne Newbould.
* Anthony Albanese is the first prime minister to have been divorced before being appointed, having previously been married to Carmel Tebbutt from 2000 until 2019.