OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator

Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator (LOFTID) was a NASA mission to test inflatable reentry systems. It was the first such test of an inflatable decelerator from Earth-orbital speed.
LOFTID was launched on an Atlas V 401 in November 2022 as a secondary payload, along with the JPSS-2 weather satellite. It deployed successfully and landed in the ocean near Hawaii on November 10, 2022, which NASA stated on November 17 was a "huge success".

## History

LOFTID is the latest in a string of successful Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD) development efforts. HIADs have a Viking-era genesis; developed by engineers at the NASA Langley Research Center as a possible system for crewed reentry. However, HIAD development ceased in the mid-1970s when it was shown disk-gap-band supersonic parachutes were suitable for the Viking, Pioneer Venus and Galileo mission environments. More recently, the need to enable robotic and crewed missions with larger payload mass has generated new investment in HIAD development. Starting in 2006 with the Program to Advance Inflatable Decelerators for Atmospheric Entry (PAIDAE), HIADs have undergone a series of incremental development efforts including design and analysis, ground based materials testing, manufacturing, wind-tunnel testing and flight tests and demonstrations. Two successful NASA Langley Research Center led sub-orbital flight demonstrations of HIAD technology have occurred; Inflatable Reentry Vehicle Experiment 2 (IRVE-2) and IRVE-3 were flown in 2009 and 2012 respectively. LOFTID is the first orbital flight of a HIAD and the largest blunt bunt aeroshell entry to date.

## Design

It inflates to 6 metres (about 20 feet) in diameter. Its total mass is about 2,400 lb (1,000 kg).
It is formed from 7 inflatable tori (6 wide and one narrow), with a flexible woven silicon carbide black ceramic fabric thermal protection layer on one side.

## Launch, deployment, and results

Launch and deployment (inflation, separation and splashdown from the Atlas V Centaur 2nd stage) were successful.
It reentered the atmosphere at about Mach 29, reached a peak deceleration of about 9 g, and splashed down under a subsonic parachute near Hawaii. NASA stated on November 17 that LOFTID was a "huge success" and able to be used on future missions to Mars.
According to the principal investigator, Dr. Neil Cheatwood, the success means the technology is now ready to use on missions.

## Commercial interest

Dr. Cheatwood reports that about a dozen companies have contacted him to express interest in the technology.
# Reutlingen railway station

Reutlingen railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and city of Winterthur. It takes its name from that city's Reutlingen quarter, in which it is situated. The station is located on the Winterthur to Etzwilen line.

## Services

The station is an intermediate stop on Zurich S-Bahn services S11, which links Aarau and Seuzach, and S29, which links Winterthur and Stein am Rhein.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services exist:
* Zürich S-Bahn
** S11: hourly service to Aarau via Winterthur and Zürich HB, and to Seuzach
** S29: half-hourly service to Winterthur and to Stein am Rhein via Etzwilen
# Nahid-1

Nahid-1 (Persian: ناهید, meaning "Venus") was an Iranian solar-powered communications satellite.

## Satellite

It was originally planned to launch into low Earth orbit in September 2019 on a Safir rocket, however an explosion occurred on the launch pad during launch preparation on 29 August 2019, though the satellite itself was apparently not part of the test and remained undamaged. It was ultimately launched on board a Qaem 100 on 4 March 2023 as part of the rocket's maiden flight, however the launch failed and the satellite was destroyed together with the rocket.
Nahid-1 was built with the aim of gaining know-how and experience in the development of geosynchronous communication satellites. It was the first Iranian satellite equipped with deployable solar panels.
# WWLU

WWLU is a non-commercial educational radio station in Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, which is owned and operated by Lincoln University. The station signed on in 1975 as WLIU. The call sign was changed to WWLU in July 2002, after the WLIU call sign was acquired by Long Island University, in Southampton, New York, for its radio station.
# Gøran Sørheim

Gøran Sørheim (born 4 June 1990) is a Norwegian former handball player who last played for Drammen HK and formerly the Norwegian national team.
# Grasholmen

Grasholmen is an island in Stavanger municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the Buøy neighborhood in the borough Hundvåg in the city of Stavanger, just north of the city centre. The island is connected to mainland Stavanger via the Stavanger City Bridge and it is connected to the neighboring island of Sølyst by a short bridge.
Grasholmen was historically a part of the municipality of Hetland, but on 1 January 1867 it was transferred to the city of Stavanger.
# Monterey, Roanoke, Virginia

Monterey is a neighborhood located in northeastern Roanoke, Virginia, in the United States. It is the most northeastern neighborhood within the city. It is bordered by the neighborhoods of Preston Park on the west, Eastgate on the east, Hollins on the south, and by Roanoke County to the north. Originally included as part of Roanoke County, Wildwood was annexed by the city in 1976. Predominantly rural prior to its annexation, growth within the neighborhood has been suburban in nature since the 1970s.
# Burgus

A burgus (Latin, plural burgi ) or turris ("tower") is a small tower-like castrum of late antiquity, which was sometimes protected by an outwork and surrounding ditches. Darvill defines it as "a small fortified position or watchtower usually controlling a main routeway."
Burgus was a term used in the later period of the Roman Empire, and particularly in the Germanic provinces.

## Definition

Burgus is a Latin word, used from the end of the second century but more common in late antiquity, and derived from the Germanic languages; it is cognate with the Greek pyrgos. It refers to a fortified tower, sometimes designed for observation.

## Development and function

From 369 AD, under Valentinian, an extensive fortress building programme was set under way on the borders of the Empire. This entailed the construction of two-storey, rectangular towers (on average 8–12 m wide and 10–12 m high), so-called residual forts (German: Restkastelle) in limes camps that had already been largely denuded of their complements, and granaries (horrea) envisaged for border troops. These burgi were essentially a development of the limes towers of the middle imperial period and consisted, in the case of the larger examples, of a tower-like central structure and outer fortifications (a rampart, defensive wall or palisade, surrounded by several ditches). A conspicuous feature of buildings of this type of the Late Antiquity is the significant increase in size of the central tower. Most of these new fortifications were abandoned or destroyed by about the middle of the 5th century.
Burgi were erected along border rivers and along major roads, where they are likely to have been used for observation, as forward positions or for signalling. Buildings such as smaller watchtowers, fortlets (castella), civilian refuges at estates and fortified docks for riverboats, especially on the Upper Rhine and Danube, were also called burgi. In the coastal cities of the Roman Empire and early Byzantium, local defensive complexes (burgi) were also built to protect important harbours.
Troops at these posts carried out policing duties on the roads and looked after the maintenance of law and order in the villages. Burgi might control movement on roads or rivers, or serve in emergencies as a places of retreat. Larger towers, such as one at Asperden, probably served as refuges for the surrounding population and as granaries.
A special type of burgus contained a river landing. In addition to a rectangular building near the river bank, these had crenellated walls that extended up to or into the river like pincers, thus protecting a landing stage or berthing bay for cargo ships and river patrol boats.
# Hum Tum Dushman Dushman

Hum Tum Dushman Dushman is an Indian war drama film written and directed by Iqbal Durrani. The movie features Mashaal Durrani, Sohini Paul, and Mukesh Rishi in the lead roles. The film was released on 6 February 2015.

## Plot

An Indian soldier gets stuck in no man's land along with his Pakistani counterpart. They disregard their differences as they join forces to save the life of a Kashmiri boy who steps onto a mine.

## Cast

* Mashaal Durrani as Akbar Khan
* Sohini Paul as Barkha
* Mukesh Rishi as Anil Gujjar
* Master Dhruv Sharma as Young Boy
* Shahbaz Khan
* Parikshit Sahni
* Mushtaq Khan

## Music

The music directors of the film are Ally Ghany, Sahil Rayyan, and Babajani. The lyrics were composed by Iqbal Durrani.
# Kentucky meat shower

The Kentucky meat shower was an incident occurring for a period of several minutes between 11 a.m. and 12 p.m. on March 3, 1876, where what appeared to be chunks of red meat fell from the sky in a 100-by-50-yard (90-by-45-meter) area near Olympia Springs in Bath County, Kentucky. There exist several explanations (from blood rain to vulture ejecta) as to how this occurred and what the "meat" was. Although the exact type of meat was never identified, various reports suggested it was beef, lamb, deer, bear, horse, or possibly human.
Despite various theories, the exact cause of the Kentucky meat shower remains a subject of speculation and mystery.

## Incident

On March 3, 1876, a farmer's wife, Mrs. Crouch, was making soap on her porch when she reported seeing a piece of meat fall from the sky. She said she was 40 steps from her house when the meat began to hit the ground. Mrs. Crouch and her husband believed the event was a sign from God. The phenomenon was covered by Scientific American, The New York Times, and other publications.
Most of the pieces of meat were approximately 2 by 2 inches (5 cm × 5 cm); at least one was 4 by 4 inches (10 cm × 10 cm). The meat appeared to be beef, but according to the first report in Scientific American, two men who tasted it judged it to be lamb or deer. Writing in the Sanitarian, Leopold Brandeis identified the substance as Nostoc, a type of cyanobacteria. Brandeis gave the meat sample to the Newark Scientific Association for further analysis, leading to a letter from Dr. Allan McLane Hamilton appearing in the Medical Record and stating the meat had been identified as lung tissue from either a horse or a human infant, "the structure of the organ in these two cases being almost identical." The composition of this sample was backed up by further analysis, with two samples of the meat being identified as lung tissue, three as muscle, and two as cartilage.
Brandeis's Nostoc theory relied on the fact that Nostoc expands into a clear jelly-like mass when rain falls on it, often giving the sense that it was falling with the rain. Charles Fort noted in his first book, The Book of the Damned, that there had been no rain. Locals favored the explanation that the meat was vomited up by buzzards, "who, as is their custom, seeing one of their companions disgorge himself, immediately followed suit." Dr. Lewis D. Kastenbine presented this theory in the contemporaneous Louisville Medical News as the best explanation of the variety of meat. Vultures vomit as part of making a quick escape and also as a defensive method when threatened. Fort explained the flattened, dry appearance of the meat chunks as the result of pressure, and noted that nine days later, on March 12, 1876, red "corpuscles" with a "vegetable" appearance fell over London, KY.

## Bath County History Museum

In 2024, the Bath County History Museum opened an exhibit for the Kentucky meat shower, showcasing a preserved piece from the event.
# Buffalo Wings & Rings

Wings & Rings is an American sports restaurant franchise based in Cincinnati. It offers a menu of Buffalo wings, burgers, salads, and sandwiches.

## History

Founded in Cincinnati in 1984, Wings & Rings was purchased in 2005 by a management team led by Philip Schram, Nader Masadeh, and Haytham David, each of whom took a senior management role with the company.
In 2008, Restaurant Business magazine named the company number one on its Future 50 list of growing chains.
The company has 80 units in the US, the Middle East, and Europe.

## Company leadership

Nader Masadeh has been the Chief Executive Officer since 2014, while Philip Schram is Chief Development Officer, and Haytham David as the Chief Executive Officer of International.
Masadeh was featured in the 7th-season premiere of Undercover Boss, which aired Sunday, December 20, 2015, on CBS. For a couple of weeks, CEO Masadeh worked undercover alongside employees, doing everything from washing dishes in a Cincinnati location, to waiting tables in Chicago and prepping meals in Bardstown, Kentucky.

## Awards and recognition

* Franchise Business Review's Top 40 Food and Beverage Franchises 2016
* "Best of Fest" award at the 16th annual Chicago Wingfest in 2015
* Number 1 Restaurant Chain for 2008 on the Restaurant Business "Future 50 List"
* "Data Devotee" Award - Fishbowl User Conference
* Ranked in 2018 by Entrepreneur Magazine as #12 in the full-service restaurant category.
# Dhannopur

Dhannupur is a village in jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
# Oddvar Saga

Oddvar Saga (2 January 1934 – 8 January 2000) was a Norwegian ski jumper, who had his prime between 1960 and 1964.
He hailed from Vegårshei. In 1993 the newspaper Aftenposten called him one of the three "national greats" to come from this place, together with Ole Colbjørnsen and a wolf. Saga represented the club Horten SK.
He is best known for participating in the 1961–1962 Four Hills Tournament. He finished 3rd in the Schattenbergschanze, 27th in the Bergiselschanze, 29th in the Große Olympiaschanze and 8th in the Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze, giving him a 9th place overall as the best Norwegian. Saga was later a candidate for Norway at the 1964 Winter Olympics. Already in 1963 the ski jumpers Torgeir Brandtzæg, Toralf Engan, Bjørn Wirkola, Hans Olav Sørensen and Torbjørn Yggeseth were as good as ready, and one was looking for a sixth man on the team. However, only those five competed at the Olympics.
# Vincenzo Carafa

Vincenzo Carafa SJ (5 May 1585 – 6 June 1649) was an Italian Jesuit priest and spiritual writer, elected the seventh Superior-General of the Society of Jesus. He wrote using the name Aloysius Sidereus.

## Biography

Carafa was born in Andria in the Kingdom of Naples (modern day Italy), of the family of the Counts of Montorio, and a relative of Pope Paul IV. He entered the Society of Jesus on 4 October 1604, and was 60 years of age at his election as general. He died in Rome four years later, aged 64.
He had taught philosophy and governed the principal house of the Society at Naples, and was provincial at the time of the election to the generalship.
In 1648 Carafa called the forty-year old letterato Daniello Bartoli from his itinerant activities as a preacher around Italy to the Casa Professa (Rome) and a permanent position there as the official historian of the Jesuit order. The folio volumes of his Istoria della Compagnia di Gesù began to appear in 1650. Bartoli soon after Carafa's death in 1649 wrote and published the biography of the Neapolitan general. It includes the 1646 episode of Bartoli's shipwreck in a storm off Capri and his recuperation in Naples.
His short term in office coincided with the beginning of the controversy with Jansenist theologians and the troubles with Palafox, Bishop of Puebla. A great scandal occurred in Spain because of unsuccessful business speculations by a coadjutor brother, and in France on account of the open apostasy to Calvinism of a priest; but the martyrdom of Isaac Jogues, Brébeuf, Neville, and others in Canada and England showed that the Society's ancient fervour had not relaxed.
According to St Louis de Montfort in True Devotion to Mary, Carafa would wear an iron band around his feet as a mark of his servitude to Jesus.
The Bona Mors Confraternity was instituted at the suggestion of Father Carafa.
Preliminary local investigations for Carafa's beatification began on 22 March 1693. He was later declared a Servant of God. Pope Francis made reference to him in a list of Jesuit priests associated with devotion to the Sacred Heart in his 2024 encyclical letter on this subject, Dilexit nos.

## Works

In 1635 he had published his Fascetto di Mirra (Bundle of Myrrh), which has been translated into several languages. He is the author of several other ascetical works, such as Cammino del Cielo, Cittadino del Cielo, Il Peregrino della terra, Idea Christiani hominis, and Il Serafino, all published before his election as Superior-General. He wrote using the name "Aloysius Sidereus".
Besides personal correspondence his only known writing as Superior General was his letter addressed to all Jesuits: De mediis conservandi primævum spiritum Societatis (The means of preserving the primitive spirit of the Society).
# Nanomelon

Nanomelon is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Nanomelon include:
* Nanomelon viperinus Leal & Bouchet, 1989
* Nanomelon vossi Leal & Rios, 1990
# Nisa, Turkmenistan

Nisa (Ancient Greek: Νῖσος, Νίσα, Νίσαιον; Turkmen: Nusaý; also Parthaunisa) was an ancient settlement of the Parthians, located near the Bagyr neighborhood of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 18 km west of the city center. Nisa is described by some as the first seat of the Arsacid Empire. It is traditionally assumed to have been founded by Arsaces I (reigned c. 250 BC–211 BC) and was reputedly the royal residence of the Parthian kings, although it has not been established that the fortress at Nisa was either a royal residence or a mausoleum.
In 2007, the fortress was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

## History

Nisa was a major trading hub in the Parthian Empire. It was later renamed Mithradātkert (Parthian: 𐭌𐭕𐭓𐭃𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕, lit. 'fortress of Mithradates') by Mithridates I of Parthia (reigned c. 171 BC–138 BC). The region was famous for the beauty, agility and strength of its horses.
Nisa was totally destroyed by an earthquake during the 1st decade BC.

## Excavations

Excavations at Nisa have revealed substantial buildings, mausoleums and shrines, many inscribed documents, and a looted treasury. Many Hellenistic art works have been uncovered, as well as a large number of ivory rhytons, and rims (coins) decorated with Iranian subjects or classical mythological scenes.

## Gallery

* Views of Nisa wall
* View of Nisa gate
* Oblique view of Nisa ruins
* View of Nisa ruins
# WWNG

WWNG (1330 AM) was a radio station broadcasting an adult standards/MOR format to the Havelock, North Carolina, United States area. The station was owned by Dick Broadcasting, through licensee Dick Broadcasting Company, Inc. of Tennessee. WWNG was limited to daytime operation only.
In September 2017, Dick Broadcasting announced the purchase of Alpha Media stations in three markets — 18 stations and two translators in total, at a purchase price of $19.5 million. The acquisition of WANG by Dick Broadcasting was consummated on December 20, 2017, at which point the station changed its call sign to WWNG. Dick Broadcasting surrendered WWNG's license on February 22, 2018, and it was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on February 23, 2018.
# Morrills Corner

Morrills Corner is a neighborhood and major intersection in Portland, Maine, United States. Centered around the intersections of Forest Avenue (part of U.S. Route 302 and State Route 100), Allen Avenue (SR 100) and Stevens Avenue. It was once home to some of the oldest families in what was the city of Deering.
The Kennebec and Portland Railroad was laid through the neighborhood in 1847. It was abandoned in 1911. The Boston and Maine Railroad also ran through Deering Junction. From 1914 to 1933, the Portland–Lewiston Interurban entered Portland via the Portland Railroad line from Morrills Corner.
Morrills Corner is named for brother Rufus and Levi Morrill, who lived there in the early 1800s. Lot Myrick Morrill, a governor of Maine, lived at Morrills Corner until he was 23.

## Notable buildings

The below buildings have been noted for their importance by Greater Portland Landmarks.
* 1241 Forest Avenue
* 73–113 Bell Street
* Casco Bottling Company, 80 Bell Street
* Thomas P. Beals Furniture Factory, 58 Morrill Street
* 844 Stevens Avenue (c. 1817), home of George Bishop
* Morrills School, 806–808 Stevens Avenue
* 804 Stevens Avenue (c. 1820), Jesse and Isabel Alden House
* Stevens Avenue Congregational Church, 790 Stevens Avenue (built in 1888)
* Stevens Avenue Armory, 772 Stevens Avenue (built in 1908)
Bogusha's Polish Restaurant and Deli, run by Bogumila Pawlaczyk, has been in business at 825 Stevens Avenue since 1996.

### Destroyed

* Deering Junction Train Station
# Subaru 1500

The Subaru 1500 is the first car built by Fuji Heavy Industries, with the development code-name of P1. The prototype used a monocoque body structure and adopting the "ponton" style appearance, with an independent front wishbone suspension and a rear leaf spring suspension with three plates and a live rear axle.
The company was already manufacturing the Fuji Rabbit scooter, and wanted to explore manufacturing an automobile to compete with established Japanese manufacturing efforts at the time.
The P-1 was water-cooled and used two different 1.5 litre OHV four-cylinder inline engines. The original version, code named "FG4A", was sourced from Peugeot's 202 and built by Fuji Precision Technology (this later became the Prince Motor Company). The FG4A engine was related to the Prince GA4 with some modification, and was shared with the Prince Sedan introduced in 1952. Prince had not agreed to Fuji Precision Technology providing this engine to a competing car and Fuji Heavy Industries found themselves obliged to develop a different engine in-house. This was code named "L4-1"; it was also a 1.5 litre OHV engine but it was 20 percent lighter than the previous engine used. Maximum power is 48 PS (35 kW; 47 bhp) for the FG4A, 55 PS (40 kW; 54 bhp) for the L4-1.
Only 20 P-1's were built, all in 1954, with 11 vehicles using the FG4A engine, with the remaining nine cars using the updated L4-1 engine. 14 of the 20 cars were built for private use, while the other six units were provided to the taxi companies in Isesaki, Ota and Honjo Cities for private testing, with successful results. Subaru had been very confident in the car's abilities, but with both Toyota (Corona) and Prince (Skyline) about to release new cars in the 1500 cc class they considered the market situation impossible without a very large investment in mass manufacturing capabilities.
It was Subaru's first vehicle, and the company would not produce another front-engine/rear-wheel drive vehicle until the BRZ in 2012.
# Fordia pauciflora

Fordia pauciflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree found in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Taxonomy

The specific epithet pauciflora is Latin for 'few-flowered'.