OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Goes!

Goes! is a Japanese female-oriented drama CD developed by Petit Reve and published by Future Tech Lab. The series spans 5 volumes, with the first one being released on August 27, 2014, and the last one released on November 5, 2016. Between January 27, 2016, and April 20, 2016, four image song albums were also released. On November 25, 2016, Future Tech Lab released an otome visual novel video game adaptation for PlayStation Vita, developed by Petit Reve.

## Reception

Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu gave the PlayStation Vita game a score of three sevens and an eight, for a total of 29 out of 40.
# Cauchy's equation

In optics, Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who originally defined it in 1830 in his article "The refraction and reflection of light".

## The equation

The most general form of Cauchy's equation is
    $n(\lambda )=A+{\frac {B}{\lambda ^{2}}}+{\frac {C}{\lambda ^{4}}}+\cdots ,$
where n is the refractive index, λ is the wavelength, A, B, C, etc., are coefficients that can be determined for a material by fitting the equation to measured refractive indices at known wavelengths. The coefficients are usually quoted for λ as the vacuum wavelength in micrometres.
Usually, it is sufficient to use a two-term form of the equation:
    $n(\lambda )=A+{\frac {B}{\lambda ^{2}}},$
where the coefficients A and B are determined specifically for this form of the equation.
A table of coefficients for common optical materials is shown below:
| Material | A | B (μm$^2$) |
| Fused silica | 1.4580 | 0.00354 |
| Borosilicate glass BK7 | 1.5046 | 0.00420 |
| Hard crown glass K5 | 1.5220 | 0.00459 |
| Barium crown glass BaK4 | 1.5690 | 0.00531 |
| Barium flint glass BaF10 | 1.6700 | 0.00743 |
| Dense flint glass SF10 | 1.7280 | 0.01342 |
The theory of light-matter interaction on which Cauchy based this equation was later found to be incorrect. In particular, the equation is only valid for regions of normal dispersion in the visible wavelength region. In the infrared, the equation becomes inaccurate, and it cannot represent regions of anomalous dispersion. Despite this, its mathematical simplicity makes it useful in some applications.
The Sellmeier equation is a later development of Cauchy's work that handles anomalously dispersive regions, and more accurately models a material's refractive index across the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum.

## Humidity dependence for air

Cauchy's two-term equation for air, expanded by Lorentz to account for humidity, is as follows:
    $n_{air}(\lambda ,T,v,p)\approx 1+{\frac {77.6\cdot 10^{-6}}{T}}\left(1+{\frac {7.52\cdot 10^{-3}}{\lambda ^{2}}}\right)\left(p+4810{\frac {v}{T}}\right),$
where p is the air pressure in millibar, T is the temperature in kelvin, and v is the vapor pressure of water in millibar.
# Renato Solidum Jr.

Renato Umali Solidum Jr. is a Filipino geologist and government official. Solidum has been Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) since August 13, 2022. Before his appointment as Secretary, Solidum served as an Undersecretary for Disaster Risk Reduction-Climate Change Adaptation at DOST and as the Officer-in-Charge of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).

## Early life and education

Solidum is from the town of Odiongan in Romblon province, where he attended high school.
Originally, Solidum wanted to be a civil engineer and took the entrance examination for University of the Philippines, though he passed the exam, he was ineligible to enroll in an engineering course as it only accepted a limited number of students each year. Instead, he enrolled in geology with the intention of later switching to the engineering. However, he decided against this and earned a bachelor's degree in geology.
He also studied in the United States at the University of Illinois Chicago, where he obtained a master's degree in geological sciences. Then he earned a PhD in earth sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego.

## Career

Solidum has been part of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) since it split off from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) in 1984. He was hired shortly after graduating from the University of the Philippines, with the endorsement of then-director Raymundo Punongbayan.
He first received international attention in 1991 when PHIVOLCS director Punongbayan tasked him to work with the United States Geological Service gathering data at the then restive Mount Pinatubo. The findings of the team led to Punongbayan to raise an evacuation alert in the area prior to a major volcanic eruption saving thousands of lives in Central Luzon.
From 2003 to 2017, he served in PHIVOLCS as its director and then Officer-in-Charge from March 2017. He was also appointed as Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Undersecretary for Disaster Risk Reduction-Climate Change Adaptation (DRR-CCA). In 2019, he became undersecretary for Scientific and Technical Services.
Solidum was appointed as ad interim DOST Secretary by President Bongbong Marcos on July 22, 2022. On December 7, 2022, Solidum's appointment was confirmed by the Commission on Appointments.
In recognition of his contributions to disaster risk reduction in the Philippines, Solidum has received numerous awards, including:
* Presidential Lingkod Bayan (Civil Servant) Award
* Presidential Citation for Public Service
* Professional of the Year in the field of Geology by the Professional Regulation Commission
* Excellence Award for Government Service by the Philippine Federation of Professional Associations

## Personal life

Solidum is married and has three children.
# Sisir Kumar Saha

Sisir Kumar Saha was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Nikoloz Izoria

Nikoloz Izoria (Georgian: ნიკოლოზ იზორია) (born August 31, 1985) is a boxer from Georgia.
He participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native country. There he was stopped in the second round of the Flyweight (51 kg) division by Azerbaijan's eventual bronze medalist Fuad Aslanov.
Izoria had won the silver medal in the same division six months earlier, at the 2004 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Pula, Croatia.
At the 2008 Olympics he beat Botswana's Thato Batshegi 14:4 but lost to Azerbaijan's Shahin Imranov 9:18.
# Michael Urbano

Michael Urbano (born March 19, 1960) is an American musician, programmer, and record producer.

## Career

One of Urbano's first gigs was as a member of Bourgeois Tagg, a 1980s band that was fronted by Brent Bourgeois and Larry Tagg and included Lyle Workman as the guitarist. They had moderate success with their second album, Yo-Yo, which was produced by Todd Rundgren, and featured the Top 40 hit, "I Don't Mind At All." When Bourgeois Tagg split, Michael, Larry, and Lyle recorded and toured with Todd Rundgren for his Nearly Human Tour.
While with John Hiatt (1995–1999), Urbano toured extensively as one of Hiatt's "Nashville Queens" that included bassist Davey Faragher (Elvis Costello) and guitarist David Immergluck (Counting Crows). The Nashville Queens also worked with Hiatt in the studio, recording Walk On, Little Head and Crossing Muddy Waters.
Urbano is perhaps best known today for being the drummer for the pop rock group Smash Mouth. He originally joined the band briefly in mid-1999, replacing original drummer Kevin Coleman, and performed during the first portion of their Astro Lounge tour, though was soon replaced by touring drummer Mitch Marine. When Marine departed, he joined Smash Mouth permanently in early 2000. He stayed for six years and departed on February 14, 2006. Before Smash Mouth, Urbano had played drums with The Spent Poets, The Kinetics, Deathray, Third Eye Blind, John Hiatt, Black Lab, Cracker, Paul Westerberg, Red House Painters, Willy DeVille, Camper Van Beethoven, and Sheryl Crow.
In 2006 Urbano left Smash Mouth due to creative differences. He recorded with Fischerspooner and played live with Cake as well as leading Artist Development at fuzz.com. In July 2007, he worked with Luciano Ligabue for recording a new song, "Niente paura". In early 2008 he became a band member with Luciano Ligabue, playing drums for the European Tour, and through mid-2008 in the main stadiums of Italy for the ElleSette tour. He was also in the band for the seven dates at Verona Arena in September and October 2008 with the Arena's orchestra, and during the same months of 2009 for ten concerts.
Urbano rejoined Smash Mouth in June 2009, but was replaced by Randy Cooke in 2010.
Urbano reportedly will be playing at least one show with newly formed XEB on Dec 31, 2016. XEB is formed from ousted original members from Third Eye Blind. XEB consists of Kevin Cadogan, Arion Salazar and Tony Fredianelli.
As of 2022, Urbano is the touring drummer for Lindsey Buckingham.
# Chloe Burbank: Volume 1

Chloe Burbank: Volume 1 is an unfinished recording project by Japanese-Australian singer-songwriter George "Joji" Miller. The project was planned to be Joji's debut, but was later discontinued and shelved in favor of his 2017 88rising EP, In Tongues. Only two songs, "Thom" and "You Suck Charlie"—both of which previously leaked onto the internet in late 2015—were officially known to feature on the project. Fans later started compiling and uploading their own versions of Chloe Burbank onto YouTube and SoundCloud, amassing millions of views across both platforms.

## Background

In a now deleted Instagram post in January 2016, Miller linked his then-recent Joji SoundCloud account and made public the release of his upcoming debut full-length commercial project entitled Chloe Burbank: Volume 1. This announcement stemmed from the frustration Miller was having with the discovery of a private YouTube channel he had made for him and his friends that hosted his songs "Thom" and "You Suck Charlie", which he confirmed in the post would both feature on the project when it eventually released. He also added that he initially intended to keep this more personal side of his musical endeavors a secret while he continued making comedy songs under his Pink Guy moniker for The Filthy Frank Show.
By the time 2017 rolled around, Miller announced his forthcoming Joji EP, In Tongues, to be released later that year under his newly adopted 88rising label while making an appearance on Complex's Hot Ones series. This announcement effectively ended any prospects of Chloe Burbank ever releasing, and the project has since been considered scrapped. Many Joji fans have taken it upon themselves to release unofficial versions of Chloe Burbank on YouTube and SoundCloud which feature both "Thom" and "You Suck Charlie", as well as other unreleased Joji songs from the same era.
"Thom" was released in an official capacity on 88rising's YouTube channel in December 2016.

## Track listing

All tracks written and produced by Joji.
Samples
* "Thom" contains a sample of Wes Montgomery's 1960 recording of "Polka Dots and Moonbeams", as well as a vocal sample of Ariana Grande singing a cover of Don Henley's 1989 song "The Heart of the Matter".
* "You Suck Charlie" contains a sample of Vince Guaraldi's 1965 jazz standard "Christmas Time Is Here" from A Charlie Brown Christmas.
# Mirabile illud

Mirabile illud is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII on the crusade of prayer for peace, given at Rome from St. Peter's on the 6 December 1950, the twelfth year of his Pontificate.
The Pope is concerned about imminent war spreading from Korea to the world. Bloody conflicts bring in their wake untold ruins, slaughter and misery of every kind. He exhorts all to put aside animosities and differences and introduce that true peace. But, because human efforts are incapable of achieving such results, he institutes a prayer crusade for the whole Church.
The faithful should unite with the Pope via radio at midnight of the feast of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. During the novena for Christmas and on Christmas night, all the faithful should be united with the Vicar of Jesus Christ, praying for should real and genuine peace to all nations and peoples.
Earnest prayers to the newborn Christ through His Blessed Mother should be made, so that the Catholic religion, "may enjoy due liberty in all nations and that those 'who suffer persecution for justice' sake' those who because of their courageous defense of the rights of the Holy Church are confined to prison, or are driven forth and banished from their homes, and those also who, exiled from their fatherlands, wander about in wretchedness or still languish in captivity, may receive heavenly consolations and be granted at length that good fortune which they have been awaiting with such burning desire and ardent longing."
The Pontiff offers his apostolic blessing as a pledge of his paternal benevolence be to each and all who pray in accordance with these intentions, a source of heavenly graces.
# Through the Deep, Dark Valley

Through the Deep, Dark Valley is the debut album by American folk rock band The Oh Hellos, released in 2012. It's 11 songs were written, produced, and performed by siblings Tyler and Maggie Heath. Most of the songs feature a traditional Celtic rhythm featuring acoustic guitars and smooth percussion.
While The Oh Hellos are not exclusively a Christian band, Through the Deep, Dark Valley carries strong biblical and spiritual themes. They also take heavy influence from the Christian writer, C.S. Lewis', book series, the Chronicles of Narnia. The songs vary between soft, melancholic ballads and lively, chant-like anthems, reflecting different emotional and spiritual struggles.
The album's themes also draw from the Heaths' personal experiences and reflections on love, family, personal growth, faith, and identity amid rebellion and exploration. Originally conceived as a concept album, it loosely follows a narrator’s journey of self-discovery as they confront their own faults, regrets, and the people and experiences they distanced themselves from during their rebellion. As Tyler Heath described, by the album’s end, the narrator reaches a turning point, realizing, "You know what? Maybe I need to go home and right some wrongs that I did," setting the stage for their path forward.
Two years later, in 2015, The Oh Hellos released Dear Wormwood as a second volume to their debut album.

## 2022 remaster

In 2022, to mark the 10 year anniversary of the album's release, The Oh Hellos remastered all of the songs on the album.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Maggie and Tyler Heath
# LD&ECR Class C

The LD&ECR class C (LNER Class G3) was a class of 0-4-4T steam locomotives of the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway.
Six were built in 1897–98. They were the LD&ECR's only true passenger locomotives. They normally ran between Chesterfield Market Place and Lincoln and occasionally to the Midland Railway station in Sheffield. In later years five moved to the Sheffield area, with one transferring to Ardsley
All were scrapped between 1931 and 1935.
# David Tsimakuridze

David Tsimakuridze (29 March 1925 – 9 May 2006) was a Georgian middleweight freestyle wrestler. He won an Olympic gold medal in 1952, becoming the first Olympic champion from Georgia. Domestically he won the Soviet title in freestyle (1945–1947, 1949–1952) and Greco-Roman wrestling (1947 and 1948). After retiring from competitions he worked as a coach, and prepared the national team for the 1956 Olympics.
# The Mill (Burne-Jones)

The Mill is an Aesthetic Movement, Renaissance-inspired oil on canvas painting completed by the English painter Edward Burne-Jones in 1882. It depicts three dancing women and a musician in front of a mill pond on a summer evening, with several nude men and a wooded landscape in the background. The painting is 91 centimetres (36 in) in height, and 197 centimetres (78 in) in width.
Edward Burne-Jones took twelve years to complete The Mill, starting work in 1870 and completing it in 1882. Shortly after its completion, the painting was displayed at an exhibition at the Grosvenor Gallery. The Mill was inspired by The Allegory of Good and Bad Government, a mural painted by Italian Renaissance artist Ambrogio Lorenzetti between 1338 and 1340. The dancing women in the painting were modelled upon women known to Burne-Jones personally: from left to right, Aglaia Coronio, Marie Stillman, and Maria Zambaco. Aglaia was the daughter of Constantine Ionides, who, like Burne-Jones, was interested in art. Marie was a painter, and Maria was Ionides' granddaughter. At the time, Maria was Burne-Jones' mistress.
The Mill is a vague and mysterious painting with no particular meaning. It incorporates styles from the Aesthetic Movement and the Renaissance. In the painting, three women wearing simple, Renaissance-style aesthetic dresses are dancing in a garden on a summer evening. On the right of the dancing women, a musician of an indiscernible gender is standing under a loggia. A mill pond can be seen behind the women. On the other side of the pond, there are several nude men, who are presumably swimming. In the background is an unspecific landscape consisting of various designs and types of architecture.

## Ownership

Constantine Ionides bought the painting on 21 April 1882 for £905. It is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, in London.
# Sydney Chapman (politician)

Sir Sydney Brookes Chapman (17 October 1935 – 9 October 2014) was a British Conservative politician and architect who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Handsworth and Chipping Barnet.

## Life

Chapman was educated at Rugby School and Manchester University, where he studied architecture, gaining his Diploma in 1958 and ARIBA in 1960. He was Chairman of the Young Conservatives from 1964 to 1966.
He married his first wife, Claire in 1976 (she was also his secretary when he was an MP), and they had three children. In 2005, he married his second wife, Teresa at Chelsea Town Hall.
After his retirement from politics, he moved from Barnet to Oxfordshire. He was a vice-chairman of the Council of Christians and Jews and on the Council of the Royal Institute of British Architects for 2009–2012.
Chapman died on 9 October 2014 in Oxfordshire. A Service of Thanksgiving was organised by his family on 10 June 2015 at St Margaret's Church, Westminster. Attended by some 400 people including family, former colleagues, friends and constituents, the eulogies were read by Lord Ryder, Philip Porter and Chapman's sister, Cllr Christine Bateson.

## Political career

Chapman first stood for Parliament, unsuccessfully, at Stalybridge and Hyde at the 1964 election, but was defeated by the incumbent Labour MP Fred Blackburn.
He was first elected to Parliament in 1970 as MP for Birmingham Handsworth, but lost his seat when Labour returned to power at the February 1974 general election. During this period he was notable for Plant A Tree In '73, an initiative which had the support of Edward Heath's government and led to the formation of The Tree Council.
Five years later, at the 1979 election, Chapman was returned as MP for Chipping Barnet. The seat had previously been vacant, following the death of incumbent MP, former cabinet minister Reginald Maudling, three months before the election. He was briefly a whip during John Major's administration, one of his principal tasks being to provide Queen Elizabeth II with daily reports of Parliamentary proceedings. His conscientious attention to this role led to his being knighted in 1995. Chapman was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1997 to 2005.

## Local achievements

In the late 1980s, following the death of a horse rider crossing the A1 trunk road in Arkley, Chapman championed the campaign to have a bridge put in for walkers, riders and cyclists' use. This campaign was successful, and the bridge opened in 1991. In recognition of his work, he was presented with an award by the British Horse Society's President at the bridge's official opening ceremony.
# Hakim's Bookstore

Hakim's Bookstore, established in 1959 as Hakim's House of Knowledge Bookstore, is the first and oldest Black-owned bookstore in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is located at 210 S 52nd Street in West Philadelphia.
The store was designated as a Pennsylvania historic landmark in 2023.

## History

Hakim's Bookstore was founded by Dawud Hakim. Hakim, a former post office employee, was inspired to share information about Black history after reading 100 Amazing Facts About the Negro by J.A. Rogers (1934). Prior to opening the store, Hakim sold books out his car.
Hakim died in 1997. His daughter, Yvonne Blake, and other family members continued to operate the store.
Hakim's nearly closed in 2014, but was saved following an outpouring of support resulting from a 2015 feature article in The Philadelphia Inquirer.
The physical store closed temporarily during the COVID-19 pandemic, but continued to sell books through its website. Web sales increased significantly during the Black Lives Matter protests that occurred following the murder of George Floyd.
Hakim's was named a “Champion Black Business” by ESPN in 2021 and was designated as a Pennsylvania historic landmark in 2023.
# Aaron Blunck

Aaron Blunck (born April 12, 1996) is an American freestyle skier from Crested Butte, Colorado.

## Career

Blunck competed in the men's halfpipe event at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. He qualified for the final, where he placed seventh out of 12 competitors.
Blunck won the gold medal at the 2017 Winter X Games in Aspen in the men's superpipe.
During the summer, Blunck can be found at Mt. Hood, Oregon, where he hosts a Takeover Session at Windells Camp.

## Allegations against Twitter and Western media

According to the South China Morning Post, Blunck alleged that he was suspended by Twitter after he praised the 2022 Beijing Olympics. He reposted a fan's comment that read: "Aaron Blunck [is] out here telling the truth and getting punished by his own government." He later also shared a commentator's tweet accusing the US government of causing his account to be shut down: "Twitter has executed the order of the Western ruling cabals... Punishment comes pretty fast." In his Instagram post, he tagged Twitter and asked: "What'd I do?"
Prior to his allegation, he had criticized Western media's negative coverage of the event, saying, "I didn't really know what to expect, being stateside you've kind of heard some pretty bad media, and that is completely false – it's actually been phenomenal", adding that "Everybody – from staff to Covid testers, to accommodation – it's probably, honestly, one of the better Olympics that we've been to".
However, it was revealed that the account had been suspended in September of the previous year, over five months prior to the games. Twitter responded to the allegations saying that the account had been suspended in error and had since been recovered.
# Gushlu

Gushlu (Persian: گوشلو) is a village in, and the capital of, Savalan Rural District in the Central District of Parsabad County, Ardabil province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,680 in 355 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,684 people in 443 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,439 people in 446 households.
# Modicana

The Modicana is a cattle breed from the province of Ragusa in the Italian island of Sicily. It is one of the 16 minor Italian cattle breeds "of limited diffusion" recognised and protected by the Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, the Italian ministry of agriculture.