OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Broholmer

The Broholmer, also called the Danish Mastiff, is a large mastiff breed of dog from Denmark, recognized by the Danish Kennel Club and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. It has been employed as a guard dog in the homes of the wealthy. The breed's numbers dwindled severely during World War II, but the dog made a successful return in the 1970s.

## Description

The Danish Broholmer is a dog that strongly resembles a Mastiff. It is large and powerful, with a loud, impressive bark and dominant walk. A well trained Broholmer should be calm, good tempered, and friendly, yet watchful towards strangers. Females stand about 27.5 inches (70 cm) and weigh in at 90–130 pounds (41–59 kg). Males stand about 29.5 inches (75 cm) and weigh in at 110–150 pounds (50–68 kg). The body is built square and rectangular with a large and massive head. The width and length of the skull and the length of the nose should be of equal length. The head is generally not carried very high. The coat is short and harsh, and the color can be light or brownish yellow, or black. Some white markings on the coat are permitted, and a black mask may be found. The average life span is around 7–12 years.

## Degenerative myelopathy

The breed was imported to the UK in 2009 with a view to being put on the UK kennel clubs import list. It was discovered in the recent years (2016) that the Broholmers that were imported into the United States were all afflicted with degenerative myelopathy (DM), a spontaneously occurring, adult-onset spinal cord disorder that affects dogs, and is similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease in humans (1). With DM, there is degeneration of the “white matter” of the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves. The white matter tracts of the spinal cord contain fibers that transmit movement commands from the brain to the limbs and sensory information from the limbs to the brain. The first Broholmer ever to be imported into the United States with the intent to breed it, died in 2018 due to DM, and all other dogs imported have DM as well. These dogs were never presented and therefore never accepted by Broholmer Selskabet, the Danish main organization for the protection and the breeding of healthy Broholmers. One completely healthy male Broholmer, Bodholdts Bedste Bergthor, approved for breeding by the Broholmer Selskab, was imported into the US in 2010. He was, however, never bred in the US.
# Calcala TV

Calcala TV (Hebrew: ערוץ הכלכלה) is an Israeli business television channel, the first of its kind in Israel, broadcasting from Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan. The channel is owned by Yitzchak Mirilashvili.

## History

In April 2024, economics reporter Maayan Prilock, formerly of Channel 12, was appointed for the planned business channel.
In July 2024, it was announced that Yitzhak Mirlashvili, owner of Channel 14, planned to launch a business network in the coming months. Appointed for their posts were editor-chief Eran Bar Tal and two presenters, Danny Rupp and the editor of Israel HaYom's business section, Sonia Gorodisky. Mirlashvili reiterated that the channel would have no affiliation with any pre-existing news channel, by having a separate editorial team. In September, it was announced that the channel would occupy channel 10 on subscription television operators.
The channel started broadcasting at 7:30pm on 1 January 2025 with a special two-hour program presented by Roi Katz. The channel's carriage is limited to OTT services and its initial supposition is possible alignment to the ruling government. On January 2, 2025, the channel aired its first full business day with the first broadcast from the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Its website resembles that of i24 News, raising suspicions of its possible affiliation with the Bibist right.
# Young Dumb Thrills

Young Dumb Thrills is the sixth studio album from English pop rock band McFly. Their first studio album since 2010, the album was released on 13 November 2020, and is their first under record label BMG.
The album debuted at number 2 in the UK, with 20,750 sales in its first week. It became the band's highest charting album since Wonderland in 2005.

## Background

In November 2010, McFly released their fifth studio album, Above the Noise, which became their lowest charting album in the UK. This was followed by a compilation album, Memory Lane: The Best of McFly, in November 2012. In 2013, McFly's sixth studio album was put on hold when they teamed up with Matt Willis and James Bourne from Busted to form the supergroup McBusted. After two years of touring and a self-titled album, Willis and Bourne's former bandmate Charlie Simpson agreed to return to Busted, thus bringing McBusted to an end.
On 3 July 2020, McFly announced The Lost Songs, a collection of demo recordings and their first unreleased material in nearly a decade. That same month, the band revealed that their long-awaited sixth studio album would be called Young Dumb Thrills, and also announced "Happiness" as its lead single. The track "Wild and Young" was initially going to be released as part of Danny Jones' debut solo album, but was instead used for McFly's comeback album when the band reunited.

## Singles

"Happiness" was released as the album's lead single on 20 July 2020.
"Growing Up" featuring Mark Hoppus was the second, released on 4 September 2020. Judd stated on Twitter that this was a promotional single, and not an official single. It failed to chart on the UK Singles Top 100 but debuted and peaked at number 80 on the Official Singles Sales Chart Top 100 on 11 September 2020.
"Tonight Is the Night" was the third single, released on 1 October 2020.
"You’re Not Special" is the fourth single, released 21 January 2021.

## Charts

Chart performance for Young Dumb Thrills :
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Irish Albums (OCC) | 23 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 4 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 2 |
# Ak

Ak may refer to:

## People

* Aytaç Ak, Turkish footballer
* DJ Akademiks, American Twitch streamer
* Orhan Ak, Turkish footballer

## Places

* Ak, Buin Zahra, a village in Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran
* Ak, Qazvin, a village in Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran
* Ak, Takestan, a village in Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran
* Ak Rural District, in Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran
* Ak, Turkmenistan, a town in Magtymguly District, Balkan Province, Turkmenistan

## Other uses

* Ak language, a Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea
* Ak, the Master Woodsman of the World in L. Frank Baum's The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus
* Ak, the nickname for bassist Steve Jay, of the ethno-funk duo Ak & Zuie
# Y. Austin Chang

Y. Austin Chang (Chinese: 張永山; pinyin: Zhāng Yǒngshān; 1932–2011) was a material engineering researcher and educator. He was a Wisconsin Distinguished Professor Emeritus, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, and Fellow of ASM International.
Chang received his B.S. from University of California, Berkeley, and M.S. degree from University of Washington, Seattle, both in Chemical Engineering. He obtained his Ph.D. in metallurgy from UC-Berkeley.
He had been on the faculty of Materials Science and Engineering at University of Wisconsin–Madison since 1980. He was appointed Wisconsin Distinguished Professor in 1988 and currently the Wisconsin Distinguished Professor Emeritus. He served as chairs of two materials engineering departments at University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (1971–77) and University of Wisconsin–Madison (1982–91) for a total of 15 years.
He also served as board member, vice president and the 2000 president of TMS, trustee of ASM and AIME, the national president of Alpha Sigma Mu and a National Honor Society for students in MS&E.
# Edward A. Newman

Edward A. Newman (January 9, 1853 – May 20, 1909) was a prominent businessman from Portland, Maine, United States. He was general manager of the Portland Railroad Company and vice-president of the New England Street Railway Club. He was well known among the street railway community of the United States, and during his tenure, Portland's streetcar service was recognized as the best in the country.

## Life and career

Newman was the son of Edward Newman, a well-known citizen of the Deering neighborhood of Portland. He had two sisters: Mary and Abbie. His father died in 1898.
He grew up in Westbrook, Maine, where he attended the public school, followed by Westbrook Seminary.
In 1875, he joined, as a clerk, the office of the Portland Railroad Company. The following year, he was elected treasurer of the company, assisting Harrison J. Libby in overseeing the railroad's operation.
Newman succeeded George W. Soule as superintendent.
He was a 32nd-degree Freemason, a member of Deering Lodge, F. and A. M., Portland Commandery, Knights Templar and to Fraternity Lodge I. O. O. F. of Woodfords.

## Death

Newman died of heart failure on May 20, 1909. He was 56. His funeral, officiated by Rev. Ernest A. Pressey, was held three days later at his Highland Street home, in Woodfords Corner, with over five hundred attendees. At 3.30 PM, all services of the railroad were suspended for two minutes as a mark of respect for Newman.
He is interred in Portland's Evergreen Cemetery. He was joined there by his wife, Marie, who survived him by 24 years. Their daughter, Ethel, followed in 1956.
# Ain't I Right

"Ain't I Right" is a political country song written, produced, and sung by Marty Robbins in June 1966. Heavily anti-communist in nature, the song criticizes the counterculture of the 1960s and anti-war movements, opposition to the Vietnam War, and the American Left.

## Lyrical content

Written during the rise of American counterculture and opposition to the Vietnam War, "Ain't I Right" accuses counterculture activists and anti-war protestors of being communists and socialists (which the song states are essentially the same thing) intent on undermining and disrupting American life and values, especially the American war effort in Vietnam, and argues their intent is not to "help the people", but rather to maximize suffering and misery among them.
Robbins describes counterculture and anti-war activists as "a bearded bathless bunch" and "tramps", including "a minister or two" and "a priest, a nun, a rabbi, and an educated man" converted to leftism. Robbins alleges they are supported by "two-faced politicians" that promote draft-card burning and disagreeing with the U.S. government; he makes specific mention of a certain politician suggesting Americans "send some blood" and support North Vietnam, and suggests that the politician "keep the blood" and go to Vietnam himself to fight (and die) instead. Robbins argues these politicians make the United States weak, and proposes that they be removed from office in favor of "strong and able leaders" capable of defeating North Vietnam and the American Left, winning the Cold War, and preventing an invasion of the United States by the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc.
Robbins frames the first half of the song around a loose plot detailing leftist activists visiting a town in the Southern United States in an attempt to convert Southerners to leftist ideologies, only to cause trouble and misery before leaving with little care for the town's denizens. This has been frequently interpreted as a pro-segregation message, as the main leftist activists in the South during the era were civil rights activists, most of whom were tarred by the political right as communists.

## Reception

When the song was made, Columbia Records refused to release it, stating that it was too provocative and political. Other artists published covers of the song, such as Robbins's backup singer Bobby Sykes, who recorded it under the name of Johnny Freedom; and Autry Inman.
# Junia-T

Junia-T is the stage name of Jonathan Lindo, a Canadian rapper from Toronto, Ontario. He is most noted for his album Studio Monk, which was longlisted for the 2020 Polaris Music Prize.
He was previously associated with the duo Smash Brovaz, who released the album Think It’s A Game? in 2012. Junia-T then released his solo debut Eye See You in 2014. Discouraged by the album's lack of success, he considered quitting the music business for a time, but found his creative perspective refreshed after joining Addy Papa's Riot Club sessions. He signed with Pirates Blend, Studio Monk, his second album, was released on that label in January 2020.
He also works as touring DJ with Jessie Reyez, who contributed vocals on both of Junia-T's solo albums.
# Myriopteris maxoniana

Myriopteris maxoniana is a species of cheilanthoid fern endemic to the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is known only from one collection. It closely resembles Myriopteris longipila and was not described as a distinct taxon until 2004.

## Description

While the only specimen known lacks a rhizome, it is believed, from examination of the leaf base, to bear linear to lanceolate, orange-tan scales.
The fronds are 28 to 40 centimeters (11 to 16 in) long. The stipe (the stalk of the leaf, below the leaf blade) takes up from 40% to 50% of the length of the frond. It is purplish-black in color and round, bearing abundant orange-tan hairs tipped with glands. These are of two different lengths, some 0.1–0.3 mm and others 1–1.5 mm.
The leaf blades are narrow and slightly widened towards the tip, and tripinnate (cut to pinnae, pinnules, and pinnulets) in the most divided leaves. The pinnae are roughly opposite each other and more or less symmetric about the costa (pinna axis). Their segments are broadly fused. Both surfaces of the pinnae are covered with scattered straight, orange-tan spreading hairs 2 mm in length; unlike the hairs of the stipe, they lack glands.
The sporangia occur at the tips of the veins, with 1 to 3 typically covered by the folded edge of a segment lobe. The edges of the leaf are not noticeably differentiated from the bulk of the leaf tissue where they fold over the sporangia. The spores in the sporangia are dark brown in color.
Myriopteris maxoniana closely resembles Myriopteris longipila. However, that species tends to be narrowly triangular (widest at the base) to broadly oblong (widest near the tip), and has denser and shorter hairs covering the blade.

## Taxonomy

William Ralph Maxon originally suggested that the type specimen might be a distinct species. However, his suggestion was not taken up until 2004, when John Mickel first described it as Cheilanthes maxoniana, naming it in honor of Maxon. The species is only known from the type specimen, Viereck 76.
The development of molecular phylogenetic methods showed that the traditional circumscription of Cheilanthes is polyphyletic. Convergent evolution in arid environments is thought to be responsible for widespread homoplasy in the morphological characters traditionally used to classify it and the segregate genera that have sometimes been recognized. On the basis of molecular evidence, Amanda Grusz and Michael D. Windham revived the genus Myriopteris in 2013 for a group of species formerly placed in Cheilanthes. One of these was C. maxoniana, which thus became Myriopteris maxoniana.
In 2018, Maarten J. M. Christenhusz transferred the species to Hemionitis as H. maxoniana, as part of a program to consolidate the cheilanthoid ferns into that genus.

## Distribution and habitat

Myriopteris maxoniana is only known from a single specimen, collected by Leslie Viereck in San Lucas, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Its habitat is not recorded.
# John Boxer

John Boxer may refer to:
* John Boxer (Australian actor) (born 1959)
* John Boxer (British actor) (1909–1982)
# Steve Sinclair

Steven Scott Sinclair (born August 2, 1971 in Victoria, British Columbia) is a former pitcher for the Toronto Blue Jays and Seattle Mariners.
Sinclair made his major league debut for the Blue Jays on April 25, 1998, against the Chicago White Sox and pitched in 24 games that season. On July 28, 1999, he was traded to the Mariners with Tom Davey in exchange for David Segui. Sinclair currently holds the records for saves by a left handed reliever (15) while playing in the Venezuelan Winter League for the Cardenales de Lara. He is the cousin of All-Star and 2006 American League MVP Justin Morneau.
# Harvey Railroad Bridge

The Harvey Railroad Bridge is a historic structure located east of Harvey, Iowa, United States. It spans an old channel of the Des Moines River for 600 feet (180 m). The Albia, Knoxville and Des Moines Railroad (AK&D) was planned to traverse the central part of Marion County. Even though a special tax in the townships the tracks would pass through was approved in 1870, they were unable to complete the line. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q) acquired the AK&D's assets in 1875 and completed the line. Initially, the tracks did not cross the Des Moines River where the railroad employed ferries or a temporary bridge. The CB&Q contracted with the American Bridge Company in 1878 to fabricate the wrought iron Pratt through truss span. Stone abutments and piers support the bridge. It is not known whether the CB&Q or AmBridge built the span. It remained in use as a railroad bridge until 1938 when the county acquired the bridge and the right-of-way for a county road. The river itself has subsequently been rerouted, and now the bridge crosses a narrow stream. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# Lolan (tribe)

The Lolan (Kirmanjki: Lol) is a Zaza-speaking Kurdish tribe. Lolan is one of the tribes with a large Alevi population.
Districts where the Lolan tribe is spread: Bingöl (Yayladere), Erzincan (Tercan), Erzurum (Hınıs, Tekman), Gümüşhane (Kelkit), Muş (Varto), and Tunceli (Pülümür, Nazımiye, Çemişgezek). The part of the Lolan tribe living on the Iran–Iraq border speaks mostly Sorani and Gorani.
# Avraham Granot

Avraham Granot (Hebrew: אברהם גרנות; 18 June 1890 – 5 July 1962) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence.

## Biography

Granot was born Abraham Granovsky in Făleşti, in the Beletsky Uyezd of the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire (today Moldova) in 1890. After moving to Palestine in 1907 he attended Gymnasia Herzliya in Tel Aviv. In 1911 he started studying law and political economy at the University of Fribourg and University of Lausanne, graduating with a PhD in 1917.
In 1919 he began working for the Jewish National Fund (JNF) in the Hague, and was relocated to Jerusalem in 1922. He also lectured at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on agrarian policy. In 1940 he was appointed director-general of the JNF.
Granot was a member of the New Aliyah Party and one of the signers of the Israeli declaration of independence in 1948. In 1949 he was elected to the first Knesset as a member of the Progressive Party (the successor of the New Aliyah Party). He was re-elected in 1951, but resigned from the Knesset six weeks after the election. He was head of several public corporations, and sat on the Board of Governors of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Weizmann Institute of Science.
In 1960 Granot was elected chairman of the JNF Board of Directors.

## Commemoration

Neve Granot, a neighborhood in Jerusalem near the Israel Museum is named for him. The main street is Avraham Granot Street.

## Books (English)

* Land Problems in Palestine (1926)
* Land Taxation in Palestine (1927)
* Land and the Jewish Reconstruction in Palestine (1931)
* The Fiscal System in Palestine (1952)
* Agrarian Reform and the Record of Israel (1956)
# Jefimija Karakašević

Jefimija Karakašević (Serbian: Јефимија Кaрaкaшевић; born 13 August 1989) is a Serbian female basketball player.

## Personal life

Jefimija is a sister of Serbian basketball player Jovana Karakašević.
# Claude Maltret

Claude Maltret (October 3, 1621 – January 3, 1674) was a French Jesuit.

## Biography

Maltret was born at Puy in Savoy, Kingdom of France . He entered the Society of Jesus on October 12, 1637. Upon the completion of his studies, he was engaged for eleven years in teaching belles-lettres and rhetoric and became widely known as a classical scholar. He was then appointed to a professorship in Sacred Scripture, a position which he held for the next nine years.
In 1662, he was made rector of the College of Montauban. From 1672 to 1674, Maltret was rector of the novitiate of Toulouse, where he died.

## Works

In 1663, Maltret published an edition of the histories of Procopius with critical commentary. This work went through many editions, being edited and augmented with notes by other scholars, and was included in the Synopsis Historiae Byzantinae, published at Venice.
Maltret's principal works are the following:
* Procopii Caesariensis Historiarum Libri VIII.
* Procopii Caesariensis Arcana Historia. Qui est. fiber nonus Historiarum. This is an edition, with critical notes, of the Latin translation of Procopius, made by Nicolaus Alemannus. In the preface of this work, Maltret promised a translation, with comments, of a Greek poem by Paulus Silentiarus entitled Descriptio Ecclesiae Santae Sophiae. This translation, however, was never published, and it is not known whether it was ever completed.
* Procopii Caesariensis Historiarum sui temporis de bello Gothico libri quatuor.

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Claude Maltret". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
# Filippo Distefano

Filippo Distefano (born 28 August 2003) is an Italian professional footballer who plays for Serie B club Frosinone, on loan from Fiorentina.

## Early life

Filippo Distefano was born in Camaiore, a town in the Tuscan Province of Lucca, where he started to play football, at the club of Torre del Lago.

## Club career

Distefano first joined US Livorno – that was then playing in Serie A under Davide Nicola – where he spent 3 years, before joining the youth sector of ACF Fiorentina. First playing with the Primavera team, he was part of the squads who won the Coppa Italia Primavera in 2020 and 2021.
Having first been called to the first team by Vincenzo Italiano for the 20 November 2021 Serie A game against AC Milan, the young forward eventually made his professional debut for Fiorentina 10 days later, replacing José Callejón in the last minutes of a 3–1 Serie A home win against Sampdoria.
On 9 August 2023, Distefano moved on loan to Serie B club Ternana.
On 26 July 2024, Distefano was loaned by Frosinone.
# Rebecca Pratt

Rebecca Pratt (March 10, 1967 – December 29, 2022) was an American radio broadcaster. A transgender woman, Pratt was well known professionally as John Osterlind.

## Biography

Pratt was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, on March 10, 1967. She graduated from Roger Ludlowe High School in Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1985 and from Dean Junior College in Franklin, Massachusetts, in 1987, where she was on their college station 88.3 FM WGAO. She was on air overnights on then classic rock station 103.7 FM WWRX in Providence, Rhode Island, from 1987 to 1988. She was on air in evenings and afternoons on rock station WCCC-FM in Hartford, Connecticut, from 1989 to 1992, in evenings on rock station WAAF FM in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1992 to 1994 and from 1994 to 2001, music director and midday jock on WAAF. She was morning co-host on WRKO AM in Boston with former Massachusetts Congressman Peter Blute from 2001 to 2003. Until the evening of January 7, 2015, she was the successful evening talk host on WRNO FM in New Orleans, Louisiana. Following her firing, her New Orleans fans organized a protest against WRNO which was themed according to the fictitious non-profit "Pencils for Poor People", which Pratt and her producer James Parker created as one of the many running gags on the John Osterlind Show. On November 2, 2015, Pratt began broadcasting mid-days on WGSO 990 AM in New Orleans after leaving WGSO she hosted the morning drive time show on 95.7 FM BAYOU and eventually was replaced by a syndicated show The Rise Guys. At the time of her death in 2022, she was not hosting any radio shows.
Pratt was found dead at her home on December 29, 2022, at the age of 55.