# Hawaii's 2nd congressional district

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is represented by Jill Tokuda, who succeeded Kai Kahele after the 2022 election. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, as well as the entire state outside of Oahu. It includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao, and Hawaii ("the Big Island"). The district spans 331 miles. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo. Major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching, and agriculture.
Under the U.S. Constitution, a candidate for this district has to be a resident of Hawaii, but does not have to live in the district itself. The first non-resident elected to this seat was Ed Case, a Honolulu attorney, though he was born and raised on the Big Island of Hawaii. The home state office of the second congressional district is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor.

## History

When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large representative to Congress pending the next United States census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. census, Hawaii gained a second U.S. representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U.S. representatives at large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962, and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. representatives on January 2, 1963, upon the convening of the 88th Congress. The 2nd congressional district was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing at-large representatives statewide.
The 2nd congressional district has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+14. It has supported the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since 1988, and has never elected a Republican U.S. representative. In October 2019, Representative Tulsi Gabbard announced that she would not seek reelection, instead choosing to focus on her campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination.
In January 2019, Hawaii state senator Kai Kahele announced he would run for the seat in 2020. Other Democrats who announced were David Cornejo, Brian Evans (a self-described "Berniecrat" who ran for the seat as a Republican in 2018), Noelle Famera, and Ryan Meza. Republicans Joseph Akana and Jonathan Hoomanawanui also announced. Kahele won the Democratic nomination on August 8 and the general election on November 3.

## Recent election results from statewide races

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2008 | President | Obama 73% – 25% |
| 2012 | President | Obama 73% – 27% |
| 2016 | President | Clinton 61% – 30% |
| 2016 | Senate | Schatz 73% – 22% |
| 2018 | Senate | Hirono 72% – 28% |
| 2018 | Governor | Ige 61% – 35% |
| 2020 | President | Biden 64% – 34% |
| 2022 | Senate | Schatz 71% – 26% |
| 2022 | Governor | Green 62% – 38% |
| 2024 | President | Harris 60% – 38% |
| 2024 | Senate | Hirono 64% – 32% |

## Composition

For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:
Hawai'i County (55)
    All 55 communities
Honolulu County (35)
    'Āhuimanu, Hale'iwa, Hau'ula, He'eia, Helemano, Ka'a'awa, Kailua, Kahalu'u, Kahuku, Kalaeloa (part; also 1st), Kāneʻohe, Kāneʻohe Base, Kapolei, Kawela Bay, Ko Olina, Lā'ie, Mā'ili, Mākaha, Mākaha Valley, Makakilo, Maunawili, Mokulē'ia, Nānākuli, Punalu'u, Pūpūkea, Royal Kunia, Schofield Barracks, Wahiawa, Waiāhole-Waikāne, Waialua, Waianae, Waimānalo, Waimānalo Beach, Wheeler AFB, Whitmore Village
Kalawao County (4)
    All 4 communities
Kauai County (24)
    All 24 communities
Maui County (31)
    All 31 communities

## List of members representing the district

| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District map |
| District created January 3, 1971 ||||||
| Patsy Mink (Waipahu) | Democratic | January 3, 1971 — January 3, 1977 | 92nd 93rd 94th | Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | |
| Daniel Akaka (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 1977 — May 15, 1990 | 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st | Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Resigned when appointed U.S. senator. | |
| Vacant | Vacant | May 15, 1990 — September 22, 1990 | 101st | | |
| Patsy Mink (Waipahu) | Democratic | September 22, 1990 — September 28, 2002 | 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th | Elected to finish Akaka's term. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Died. Re-elected posthumously in 2002. | |
| Vacant | Vacant | September 28, 2002 — November 30, 2002 | 107th | | |
| Ed Case (Honolulu) | Democratic | November 30, 2002 — January 3, 2003 | 107th | Elected to finish Mink's term in the 107th Congress. Had not been a candidate for the next term. | |
| Vacant | Vacant | January 3, 2003 — January 4, 2003 | 108th | | 2003–2013 |
| Ed Case (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 4, 2003 — January 3, 2007 | 108th 109th | Elected to finish Mink's term in the 108th Congress. Re-elected in 2004. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 2003–2013 |
| Mazie Hirono (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 2007 — January 3, 2013 | 110th 111th 112th | Elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 2003–2013 |
| Tulsi Gabbard (Honolulu) | Democratic | January 3, 2013 — January 3, 2021 | 113th 114th 115th 116th | Elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired to run for U.S. president. | 2013–2023 |
| Kai Kahele (Hilo) | Democratic | January 3, 2021 — January 3, 2023 | 117th | Elected in 2020. Retired to run for Governor of Hawaii. | 2013–2023 |
| Jill Tokuda (Kāne'ohe) | Democratic | January 3, 2023 — present | 118th 119th | Elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2023–present |

## Election results
### 1970

1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 91,038 | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 91,038 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) |

### 1972

1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 79,856 | 57.08% |
| | Republican | Diana Hansen-Young | 60,043 | 42.92% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 139,899 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1974

1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 86,916 | 62.58% |
| | Republican | Carla W. Coray | 51,984 | 37.42% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 138,900 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1976

1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Akaka | 124,116 | 79.51% |
| | Republican | Hank Inouye | 23,917 | 15.32% |
| | Independents for Godly Government | Bill Penaroza | 3,461 | 2.22% |
| | People's Party | Dexter Cate | 2,408 | 1.54% |
| | Libertarian | Don Smith | 2,197 | 1.41% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 156,099 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1978

1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 118,272 | 85.73% |
| | Republican | Charlie Isaak | 15,697 | 11.38% |
| | Libertarian | Amelia L. Fritts | 3,988 | 2.89% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 137,957 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1980

1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 141,477 | 89.90% |
| | Libertarian | Don Smith | 15,903 | 10.10% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 157,380 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1982

1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 132,072 | 89.23% |
| | Nonpartisan candidate | Gregory B. Mills | 9,080 | 6.14% |
| | Libertarian | Amelia L. Fritts | 6,856 | 4.63% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 148,008 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1984

1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 112,377 | 82.18% |
| | Republican | A.D. (Al) Shipley | 20,000 | 14.63% |
| | Libertarian | Amelia L. Fritts | 4,364 | 3.19% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 136,741 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1986

1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 123,830 | 76.05% |
| | Republican | Maria M. Hustace | 35,371 | 21.73% |
| | Libertarian | Ken Schoolland | 3,618 | 2.22% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 162,819 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1988

1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 144,802 | 88.94% |
| | Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 18,006 | 11.06% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 162,808 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1990 (Special)

1990 Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink | 51,841 | 37.35% |
| | Democratic | Mufi Hannemann | 50,164 | 36.14% |
| | Democratic | Ron Menor | 23,629 | 17.02% |
| | Republican | Andy Poepoe | 8,872 | 6.39% |
| | Republican | Stanley Monsef | 2,264 | 1.63% |
| | Democratic | Duane A. Black | 1,242 | 0.90% |
| | Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 791 | 0.57% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 138,803 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1990

1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 118,155 | 66.27% |
| | Republican | Andy Poepoe | 54,625 | 30.64% |
| | Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 5,508 | 3.09% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 178,288 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1992

1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 131,454 | 72.65% |
| | Republican | Kamuela Price | 40,070 | 22.14% |
| | Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 9,431 | 5.21% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 180,955 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1994

1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 124,431 | 70.14% |
| | Republican | Robert H. (Lopaka) Garner | 42,891 | 24.18% |
| | Libertarian | Larry Bartley | 10,074 | 5.68% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 177,396 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1996

1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 109,178 | 60.33% |
| | Republican | Tom Pico Jr. | 55,729 | 30.80% |
| | Nonpartisan candidate | Nolan Crabbe | 7,723 | 4.27% |
| | Libertarian | James M. Keefe | 4,769 | 2.64% |
| | Natural Law | Amanda (Mandy) Toulon | 3,564 | 1.97% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 180,963 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 1998

1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 144,254 | 69.40% |
| | Republican | Carol J. Douglass | 50,423 | 24.25% |
| | Libertarian | Noreen Leilehua Chun | 13,194 | 6.35% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 207,871 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2000

2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 112,856 | 61.59% |
| | Republican | Russ Francis | 65,906 | 35.97% |
| | Libertarian | Lawrence G.K. Duquesne | 4,468 | 2.44% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 183,230 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2002

2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) † | 100,671 | 56.16% |
| | Republican | Bob McDermott | 71,661 | 39.98% |
| | Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 4,719 | 2.63% |
| | Natural Law | Nick Bedworth | 2,200 | 1.23% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 179,251 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2002 (Special)

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, November 30, 2002 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ed Case | 23,576 | 51.44% |
| | Democratic | John Mink | 16,624 | 36.27% |
| | Republican | John Carroll | 1,933 | 4.22% |
| | Republican | Whitney Anderson | 942 | 2.06% |
| | No party | 34 others | 2,754 | 5.96% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 46,216 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2003 (Special)

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, January 4, 2003 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ed Case (Incumbent) | 33,002 | 43.24% |
| | Democratic | Matt Matsunaga | 23,050 | 30.20% |
| | Democratic | Colleen Hanabusa | 6,046 | 7.92% |
| | Republican | Barbara Marumoto | 4,497 | 5.89% |
| | Republican | Bob McDermott | 4,298 | 5.63% |
| | No party | 39 others | 5,435 | 7.12% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 76,328 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2004

2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ed Case (Incumbent) | 133,317 | 62.77% |
| | Republican | Mike Gabbard | 79,072 | 37.23% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 212,389 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2006

2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Mazie Hirono | 106,906 | 61.04% |
| | Republican | Bob Hogue | 68,244 | 38.96% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 175,150 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2008

2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Mazie Hirono (Incumbent) | 165,748 | 76.06% |
| | Republican | Roger B. Evans | 44,425 | 20.39% |
| | Independent | Shaun Stenshol | 4,042 | 1.86% |
| | Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 3,699 | 1.70% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 217,914 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2010

2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Mazie Hirono (Incumbent) | 132,290 | 72.19% |
| | Republican | John W. Willoughby | 46,404 | 25.32% |
| | Libertarian | Pat Brock | 3,254 | 1.78% |
| | Nonpartisan candidate | Andrew V. Von Sonn | 1,310 | 0.72% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 183,258 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2012

2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard | 168,466 | 80.54% |
| | Republican | Kawika Crowley | 40,697 | 19.45% |
| | | Blank Votes | 5,631 | N/A |
| | | Over Votes | 73 | N/A |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 214,867 | 100% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2014

2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) | 142,010 | 78.7% |
| | Republican | Kawika Crowley | 33,630 | 18.6% |
| | Libertarian | Joe Kent | 4,693 | 2.6% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 180,333 | 100% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2016

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) | 170,848 | 76.23% |
| | Republican | Angela Aulani Kaaihue | 39,668 | 17.70% |
| | | Blank votes | 13,483 | 6.02% |
| | | Over votes | 134 | 0.05% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 224,133 | 100% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2018

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) | 153,271 | 77.4% |
| | Republican | Brian Evans | 44,850 | 22.6% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 198,121 | 100.0% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2020

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Kai Kahele | 172,517 | 63.0% | 14.4 |
| | Republican | Joe Akana | 84,027 | 30.9% | 8.3 |
| | Libertarian | Michelle Rose Tippens | 6,785 | 2.5% | 2.5 |
| | Aloha ʻĀina | Jonathan Hoomanawanui | 6,453 | 2.4% | 2.4 |
| | Independent | Ron Burrus | 2,659 | 1.0% | 1.0 |
| | American Shopping | John Giuffre | 661 | 0.2% | 0.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 273,112 | 100.0% | N/A |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2022

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Jill Tokuda | 127,995 | 62.3 |
| | Republican | Joe Akana | 72,455 | 35.2 |
| | Libertarian | Michelle Tippens | 5,108 | 2.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 205,558 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |