OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# South Africa at the Commonwealth Games

South Africa has competed in all but eight of the 22 Commonwealth Games which have been held; from the original Games in 1930 to 1958, and then from 1994 onwards.
Because of South Africa's then apartheid policy, South Africa was sanctioned from the British Commonwealth in 1961, but was later re-admitted in 1994 following the end of apartheid.
As of 2022, South Africa ranks at number 6 on the all-time medal table with 137 gold, 132 silver and 147 bronze, respectively.

## Medal tally

Host country (South Africa)
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1930 Hamilton | 6 | 4 | 8 | 18 |
| 1934 London | 7 | 10 | 5 | 22 |
| 1938 Sydney | 10 | 10 | 6 | 26 |
| 1950 Auckland | 8 | 4 | 8 | 20 |
| 1954 Vancouver | 16 | 6 | 13 | 35 |
| 1958 Cardiff | 13 | 10 | 8 | 31 |
| 1994 Victoria | 2 | 4 | 5 | 11 |
| 1998 Kuala Lumpur | 9 | 10 | 14 | 33 |
| 2002 Manchester | 9 | 20 | 16 | 45 |
| 2006 Melbourne | 12 | 13 | 13 | 38 |
| 2010 Delhi | 12 | 11 | 10 | 33 |
| 2014 Glasgow | 13 | 10 | 17 | 40 |
| 2018 Gold Coast | 13 | 11 | 13 | 37 |
| 2022 Birmingham | 7 | 9 | 11 | 27 |
| Totals (14 entries) | 137 | 132 | 147 | 416 |
# K. Madhavan

K. Madhavan (26 August 1915 – 25 September 2016) was an Indian independence activist and Communist leader from Kerala, India.

## Biography

He was born on 26 August 1915 in Kanhangad, British India to A.C Raman Nair and Kozhungal Unnanga Amma. While studying in school he joined the Salt Satyagraha (Salt March) to be the youngest of the volunteers under the leadership of K. Kelappan. On 20 August 1930, he was arrested and sent to jail on six months' rigorous imprisonment. That was the beginning of his active involvement in politics. When Travancore, Kochi and the Malabar region of congress were joined to form the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee [KPCC] in 1921 he was the secretary. Later along with many members of the radical socialist group of the Congress party, he quit the parent organisation and joined the Communist Party of India. He died at the age of 101 on 25 September 2016.
His autobiography 'Payaswiniyude Theerangalil' (On the Banks of river Payaswini) is considered a valuable document of a transformative epoch in modern Kerala history.
# Morrison Block

The Morrison Block, also known as M. O'Connor Grocery Wholesalers and Peoples Outfitting Building, is a historic commercial building located on South Meridian Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It was built about 1870, and is a four-story, Italianate style timber frame and masonry building. It features round arched windows and a projecting cornice. The building has been restored.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
# Open High School (Virginia)

Open High School is an alternative public high school in urban Oregon Hill in Richmond, Virginia. It was established in 1972 with the intention of helping students become independent, self-determined thinkers and learners. Students volunteer at a variety of places, take college courses for high school and college credit, and independently develop and maintain a class schedule. The school building was originally built with money and on land donated by Grace Arents.

## Structure

Open High School has a community-based structure where advisory homeroom-like groups known as "families" direct students in the development of school activities, functions, and other school related activities. Each family selects two student representatives to represent them in a Student Representative Council.
At meetings of this council, student reps bring forth questions, disagreements, or ideas that the "family" might have and that they would like to bring forth to the student body. If a concern gets enough attention, or if an individual student would like to set it into motion, it is brought up during a monthly "town meeting", where the entire present administrative staff and entire present student body come together in order to discuss and vote on anything that a single student or group of students may deem important.
Due to its selective application system, and comparatively small school facility, Open High School has a lesser number of students than that of other school in its district, Richmond Public Schools, allowing for a smaller student-teacher ratio.
Students are given the opportunity to create their own elective classes in combination with a teacher sponsor, known as a 'Thursday Class' These classes are typically unrelated to typical school material and instead, feature material the student or teacher deem important or compelling to convey.

## Notable alumni

* Anne Holton, Secretary of Education for the Commonwealth of Virginia from 2014 to 2016 and wife of Tim Kaine, who was the vice-presidential running mate of Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election.
* Aimee Mann, American rock singer.
* Noah Scalin, contemporary artist in Richmond, Virginia.
# Chip Marshall (baseball)

Charles Anthony "Chip" Marshall (born Charles Anthony Marchlewicz; August 28, 1919 – April 15, 2007) was a professional baseball catcher who appeared in a single game for the 1941 St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB). Listed at 5 feet 10.5 inches (1.791 m) and 178 pounds (81 kg), he batted and threw right-handed.

## Biography

Marshall played in the minor leagues from 1937 to 1942 and from 1946 to 1952. He served in the United States Army from June 1943 through October 1945. In 13 minor league seasons, he appeared in 1057 games, compiling a .240 batting average with 38 home runs and at least 155 RBIs. While predominantly a catcher, he also played 46 games as a second baseman in 1942.
Marshall's lone major league appearance came with the St. Louis Cardinals on June 14, 1941, in a home game against Brooklyn Dodgers played at Sportsman's Park. With the Cardinals losing in the eighth inning, 12–5, Marshall entered the game as a pinch runner, replacing fellow catcher Gus Mancuso, who had just reached first base on a fielder's choice. Marshall did not advance, as the next two batters made outs, ending the inning. Marshall stayed in the game defensively for the top of the ninth inning, handling relief pitcher Ira Hutchinson. In an uneventful inning, Marshall made one putout, retiring batter Jimmy Wasdell. The Cardinals did not score in the bottom of the ninth, and Marshall did not have a plate appearance. As this was his only major league appearance, he holds a career 1.000 fielding average in MLB.
Born in Wilmington, Delaware, Marshall worked for the United States Postal Service after his professional baseball career, retiring in 1983. He was a coach for Babe Ruth League baseball for 18 years, and was a 1982 inductee of the Delaware Sports Hall of Fame. Marshall was married and had one daughter. He died in his home city in 2007, aged 87, and was interred there.
# Amara obesa

Amara obesa is a species of seed-eating ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Chih-Yuan Chen

Chen Chih-yuan (Chinese: 陳致元; born 1975) is a picture book writer and illustrator from Taiwan. Several of his books have been translated into English, including Guji Guji, the story of a 'crocoduck' described in a review by The New York Times as having "vivid characters...rendered with wit and warmth".
Chen is a three-time winner of the Hsin Yi Picture Book Award. The English-language translation of Guji Guji was an ALA Notable Children's Book and appeared on the New York Times Bestseller List.

## Works

* The Featherless Chicken Heryin Books, Inc., 2006, ISBN 978-0-9762056-9-2
* Guji Guji. Kane/Miller Book Publishers, Inc. 2007. ISBN 978-1-933605-34-0.
* The Best Christmas Ever, Heryin Books, 2006, ISBN 978-0-9762056-2-3
* "小鱼散步" On My Way to Buy Eggs, Kane/Miller Book Publishers, 2003, ISBN 978-1-929132-49-2
* Artie and Julie , Heryin Books, 2008, ISBN 978-0-9787550-3-4
# Richmondtown, Staten Island

Richmondtown is a neighborhood in the Mid-Island section of Staten Island, New York City. It is bounded by Arthur Kill Road on the northwest, Richmond Road on the north, Amboy Road on the east and southeast, and the United Hebrew and Ocean View cemeteries on the southwest.

## Name

Originally known as Coccles Town, sometimes Cuckolds Town, because of the abundance of oyster and clam shells found in the waters of the nearby Fresh Kills, Richmondtown gained its present name in 1728 when the village now preserved as Historic Richmond Town was founded. The village became the county seat of Richmond County (with which Staten Island is coterminous) and remained as such until the emergence of St. George soon after the ferries to Manhattan and Brooklyn began to proliferate at the latter site near the end of the 19th century.

## Location

Located at the base of Lighthouse Hill with New Dorp and Oakwood to the east, Richmondtown has seen much new home construction since the mid-1960s, and ranks as one of the most popular destinations for families seeking to relocate to Staten Island from New York City's other boroughs, especially Brooklyn.
The town is also home to one of the ten remaining Volunteer Fire Departments in New York City Richmond Engine Company 1, which operates a 2005 American LaFrance Engine purchased through a federal home security grant.
The Church of St. Andrew and Voorlezer's House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. St. Patrick's Church was declared a New York City Landmark in 1968.

## Education
### Library

The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates the Richmondtown branch at 200 Clarke Avenue at Amber Street. It opened in 1996 and contains two floors: a first floor for adults and a second floor for children. In recent years, the Richmondtown Library has been updated to include a TechConnect lab offering"more than 100 technology classes, both online and in-person, at libraries throughout the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island" free of charge.

### Schools

Richmondtown is zoned to one elementary school, PS 23 The Richmondtown School. It is also zoned to middle schools: IS 2 George L. Egbert and IS 24 Myra S. Barnes.

## Transportation

Richmondtown is served by the S54, S74, S84 local buses and the SIM15 express bus.

## Notable people

Richmondtown is the birthplace of American bare-knuckle boxer Bill Richmond (August 5, 1763 – December 28, 1829) who was born a slave. Richmond went to England in 1777 where he achieved fame and fortune and spent the remainder of his life.
# Kondratów

Kondratów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Męcinka, within Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) west of Jawor, and 76 km (47 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Decade (Duran Duran album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | B− |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Number One | |
| Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Smash Hits | 8/10 |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 9/10 |
Decade is a greatest hits album by the English pop rock band Duran Duran, released on 13 November 1989.
The remix single "Burning the Ground" was released to radio to promote this album. It was created by producer John Jones by mixing snippets of the band's biggest hits from the previous decade into a new piece of music. However, the track was not included on the Decade album itself. The tracks "My Own Way" and "New Moon on Monday" were also not included, even though both were top 20 hits in the UK.
Decade's track listing included various hits from all of Duran Duran's albums and presented them in mixes that were popular and mainstream among the public. Hence, it includes the Nile Rodgers edit of "The Reflex" and the single edits of "Hungry Like the Wolf", "Notorious" and "Skin Trade", as well as the Shep Pettibone single mix of "I Don't Want Your Love". Although there are many versions and single edits of the song "Rio", the compilation uses the standard album version, as well as the UK single version for "Save a Prayer".

## Personnel

* Daniel Abraham – production, engineering, mixing
* Hans Arnold – illustrations
* John Barry – arrangement, conducting
* Jason Corsaro – production, engineering, mixing
* Duran Duran – production
* Bernard Edwards – production
* Jonathan Elias – production
* Laura Levine – photography
* Ian Little – production, mixing
* Denis O'Regan – photography
* Steve Peck – mixing
* Shep Pettibone – production, mixing
* Nile Rodgers – production, mixing
* Bob Rosa – mixing
* Alex Sadkin – production, mixing
* Stephen Sprouse – illustrations
* Colin Thurston – production, engineering

## Certifications

Certifications for Decade :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 300,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Tarutyne settlement hromada

Tarutyne settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Тарутинська селищна громада) is a hromada in Bolhrad Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 22,553 (2020 est.)
The hromada consists of three rural settlements (Bessarabske, Serpneve, Soborne) and 13 villages:
* Kalachivka
* Krasne
* Luzhanka
* Petrivsk
* Pidhirne
* Prykordonne
* Rivne
* Slobidka
* Sukhuvate
* Vilne
* Vynohradivka
* Yaroslavove
* Yarove
# Virtual Dining Concepts

Virtual Dining Concepts, LLC (VDC) is an American company specializing in virtual restaurants. It was founded in 2020 and has produced independent concepts and celebrity collaborations. In 2023, VDC was sued by American YouTuber MrBeast, alleging a breach of contract and failing to uphold the quality of the virtual restaurant MrBeast Burger. VDC denied MrBeast's allegations and counter-sued against him.

## History

VDC was co-founded by English-American businessman and Planet Hollywood founder Robert Earl, his son Robbie, and Trish Giordano in 2020. Its first CEO and current president was Robert Earl. In 2022, he was replaced as CEO with former DoorDash enterprise partnerships lead Stephanie Sollers, who steped down as a board executive in January 2024. Their headquarters are in Orlando, Florida, United States.

## Products

VDC has produced concepts such as Wing Squad, P.Za Kitchen, Midtown Salads, and City Burger Co. as well as celebrity collaborations such as FaZe Subs, MrBeast Burger, Pauly D's Italian Subs, Tyga Bites, and NASCAR Refuel.

## MrBeast Burger lawsuit

On July 31, 2023, MrBeast (Jimmy Donaldson) filed a lawsuit against Virtual Dining Concepts for breach of contract. Donaldson's complaint stated his belief that the company behind his chain has failed to uphold the quality he so desired, alleging that it was more focused on its own growth than the quality of the venture's product. The filing also stated that Virtual Dining Concepts trademarked MrBeast without the knowledge of Donaldson, and because of such, Donaldson has not received any compensation from MrBeast Burger.
Virtual Dining's lawyers quickly dismissed the complaints and alleged that Donaldson's allegations are "riddled with false statements and inaccuracies", noting that Donaldson recently attempted to negotiate a new contract with Virtual Dining. The firm, represented by Greenberg Traurig, further claims that Donaldson used "bullying tactics" in order to escape from his existing contractual obligations without sensible reasoning. Virtual Dining "had hoped Mr. Donaldson would act honorably", but said he had "elevated greed over his word and the truth", and that he "will face the consequences in court when Virtual Dining files it [sic] claims against him". The case will be heard in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, with no judge assigned as of yet.
# Pasing

Pasing is a district in the city of Munich, Germany, and part of the borough Pasing-Obermenzing.

## Overview

Pasing is located west of the Munich city centre, at the north-western edge of the city's innermost traffic zone. The district is mainly residential; there is a large concentration of shops, hotels and restaurant at the Pasinger Marienplatz (Pasing St. Mary Square), the quarter's main square. The quarter's railway station, Pasing Station, is served by the S-Bahn suburban trains 3, 4, 6, 8 and 20 as well as national and international trains services. Tram line 19 and several local bus lines terminate at the station
The Pasinger Stadtpark (Pasing City Park) is the quarter's main recreational park. It is located south of Pasing Marienplatz, straddling the river Würm. Nearby, a branch of the Munich University of Applied Sciences is located.

## Population

On December 31, 1991, Pasing had a population of 39,723 residents across an area of 4.15 square miles (1,074 hectares). By December 31, 1999, the population had decreased to 35,752. Since then, no independent survey has been conducted as Pasing is now surveyed together with Obermenzing.

## Economy

Pasing is characterized by a balanced economic structure. The distribution of the 21,000 jobs in the manufacturing industry, trade, transport and other sectors of the economy is uniform. An emphasis on a commercial area does not exist. In addition to the wide variety in the village shopping center Pasing Arcaden exists.

## Notable people

* Alois Wunder (1878–1974), only Oberbürgermeister of Pasing
* Hans Nimmerfall (1872–1934), politician
* Felix Neureuther (born 1984), World Cup alpine ski racer
* Michael Ende (1929–1995) important author of children's books.
* Ferdinand Keller (1946–2023), footballer.
# Mauves

Mauves (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Violet) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France. It is about 10 km north of Valence and 75 km south of Lyon.

## Geography

The commune of Mauves is located on the right (western) bank of the Rhône, a few kilometers south of Tournon-sur-Rhône, sub-prefecture of Ardèche and capital of the canton; and about fifteen kilometers north of Valence, prefecture of Drôme.

### Bordering Municipalities

Mauves is bordered by Plats to the West, Tournon-sur-Rhône to the North, La Roche-de-Glun to the East and Glun to the South.

## Town planning
### Typology

According to the terminology defined by INSEE and the zoning published in 2020, Mauves is an urban municipality. It actually belongs to the urban unit of Tournon-sur-Rhône, an inter-departmental agglomeration comprising 8 different municipalities and 30,213 inhabitants in 2017.
In addition, the municipality is part of the attraction area of Valence, of which it is a municipality in the crown. This area, which includes 71 municipalities, is categorized in areas with a population of between 200,000 and 700,000 inhabitants.

## History

Some people wish to situate the battle of 121 BC between the Arverni led by Bituitos and two Roman armies commanded by the consul Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus in Mauves. The location of this battle is actually on the other bank of the Rhône. Historians most often locate it near the crossroads of the Seven Paths and in the plain of Mercurol (Drôme).

## Population

In 2018 the town had 1,180 inhabitants, and increase of 0.17% compared to 2013.

## Sports
### Racing Club de Mauves ( football )

The RC Mauves is an amateur football club founded in 1983. The club is chaired by Claude Regal. The club celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2013.
# Konradów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Konradów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lądek-Zdrój, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Lądek-Zdrój, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Kłodzko, and 93 km (58 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Ghana at the Commonwealth Games

Ghana have competed at seventeen Commonwealth Games, beginning in 1954 and missing only the 1986 Games in Edinburgh. Ghana have won sixty-three medals at the Commonwealth Games, including fifteen gold, with all but one of their medals coming in athletics and boxing.

## Medals

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1954 Vancouver | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1958 Cardiff | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1962 Perth | 3 | 5 | 1 | 9 |
| 1966 Kingston | 5 | 2 | 2 | 9 |
| 1970 Edinburgh | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| 1974 Christchurch | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 |
| 1978 Edmonton | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 1982 Brisbane | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1986 Edinburgh | did not attend | did not attend | did not attend | did not attend |
| 1990 Auckland | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1994 Victoria | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 1998 Kuala Lumpur | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 2002 Manchester | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2006 Melbourne | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 2010 Delhi | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2014 Glasgow | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 Gold Coast | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2022 Birmingham | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Total | 15 | 20 | 28 | 63 |
# Innocence (2000 film)

Innocence is a 2000 Australian film directed by Paul Cox. The film deals with the story of two separated lovers who meet again accidentally after decades and fall in love again.

## Cast

* Julia Blake as Claire
* Bud Tingwell as Andreas Borg
* Kristine Van Pellicom as Young Claire
* Kenny Aernouts as Young Andreas
* Terry Norris as John
* Marta Dusseldorp as Monique
* Robert Menzies as David
* Chris Haywood as Minister
* Norman Kaye as Gerald
* Joey Kennedy as Sally
* Liz Windsor as Maudie

## Reception

The film was lauded by critics and was one of Cox's most successful films commercially.

## Accolades

In 2000 it won the Jury Grand Prix, Best feature film, at the Rencontres internationales du cinéma des Antipodes (Antipodean Film Festival).
It also won the Grand Prix des Amériques.
# Samsung Galaxy A2 Core

The Samsung Galaxy A2 Core is a budget smartphone manufactured by Samsung Electronics as part of the Galaxy A series lineup. It comes with Android 8 Go Edition and is made for the South and Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern and African market. It is available in four colours (Blue, Black, Red and Gold).

## Specifications
### Hardware

The A2 Core features a 5.0 inch IPS 540 × 960 qHD display. It is powered by Exynos 7870 SoC with a 1.6 GHz octa-core CPU and 1 GB of RAM . It is also available with Dual SIM support.
The A2 Core is sold with either 8 or 16 GB internal storage which is upgradable up to 256 GB via microSD card.

### Software

The A2 Core comes with Android 8.1 Oreo in the Go Edition for low-end smartphones with Samsung Experience 9.5.