# Operation Diadem order of battle

Operation Diadem order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line and at the Anzio bridgehead south of Rome during Operation Diadem in May - June 1944 which resulted in the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the breakout at Anzio leading to the capture of Rome.

## Allied Armies in Italy

    C-in-C: General Sir Harold Alexander
    Chief of Staff: Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding

### U.S. Fifth Army

Commander:
    Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark

#### U.S. VI Corps (At Anzio)

    Major General Lucian K. Truscott
   * U.S. 3rd Infantry Division (Brigadier General John W. O'Daniel) until 25 May 1944
   * British 1st Infantry Division (Major-General John Hawkesworth)
   * U.S. 45th Infantry Division (Major General William W. Eagles)
   * U.S. 1st Armored Division (Major General Ernest N. Harmon)
   * U.S. 34th Infantry Division (Major General Charles W. Ryder)
   * U.S. 36th Infantry Division (Major General Fred L. Walker) (from 18 May 1944)
   * British 5th Infantry Division (Major-General Philip Gregson-Ellis)
   * First Special Service Force (3 regiments of two battalions each, U.S. and Canadian) (Brigadier General Robert T. Frederick)

#### U.S. II Corps (on the Winter Line)

    Major-General Geoffrey Keyes
   * U.S. 88th Infantry Division (Major General John E. Sloan
   * U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major General John B. Coulter)
   * 1st U.S. Armored Group (three tank battalions)
   * U.S. 3rd Infantry Division (Brigadier General John W. O'Daniel) (from 25 May)

#### Corps Expéditionnaire Français (French Expeditionary Corps) (on the Winter Line)

    Général d'armée (General) Alphonse Juin
   * 3ème Division d'Infanterie Algérienne (3rd Algerian Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert)
   * 4ème Division Marocaine de Montagne (4th Moroccan Mountain Division) (Général de division (Major-General) François Sevez)
   * 2ème Division d'Infanterie Marocaine (2nd Moroccan Infantry Division) (Général de division(Major-General) André W. Dody)
   * 1ère Division Française Libre/1ère Division Motorisée d'Infanterie (1st Motorised Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Diego Brosset)
   * Commandement des Goums Marocains (Command of Moroccan Goumiers - Three Groups of Tabors each comprising three tabors of 500 to 800 men) (Général de brigade (Brigadier-General) Augustin Guillaume)
   * Corps Troops
   ** 7ème et 8ème Régiments de Chasseurs d'Afrique (7th and 8th African Light Cavalry Regiment) (M10 tank destroyers)
   ** Régiment d'Artillerie Coloniale du Levant (Levant Colonial Artillery Regiment)
   ** 64ème Régiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (64th African Artillery Regiment)
   ** Groupe de canonniers-marins (Navy Artillery Battalion - two batteries)

#### Army Reserve

   * H.Q. U.S. IV Corps
   * U.S. 36th Infantry Division (Major-General Fred L. Walker) (Until 18 May 1944)

### British Eighth Army (on the Winter Line)

Commander:
    Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese

#### British XIII Corps

    Lieutenant-General Sidney C. Kirkman
   * British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward)
   * British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Vyvyan Evelegh)
   * 8th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell)
   * British 78th Infantry Division (Major-General Charles Keightley)
   * 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade (Brigadier W. C. Murphy)

#### I Canadian Corps

    Lieutenant-General E. L. M. Burns
   * 1st Canadian Infantry Division (Major-General Chris Vokes)
   * 5th Canadian Armoured Division (Major-General Bert Hoffmeister)
   * British 25th Army Tank Brigade (Brigadier J.N. Tetley)

#### Polish II Corps

    Lieutenant-General Władysław Anders
   * Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division (Major-General Bolesław Bronisław Duch)
   * Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Major-General Nikodem Sulik)
   * Polish 2nd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier-General Bronislaw Rakowski)

#### British X Corps

    Lieutenant-General Sir Richard L. McCreery
   * 2nd New Zealand Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Freyberg)
   * British 24th Guards Brigade (Brigadier A.F.L. Clive)
   * British 2nd Parachute Brigade (Brigadier C.H.V. Pritchard)
   * 12th South African Motorised Brigade (Brigadier R.J. Palmer)
   * Italian Corps of Liberation (Six battalions and a regiment of artillery) (General Umberto Utili)

#### Army Reserve

   * 6th South African Armoured Division (Major-General Evered Poole)

### British V Corps (On the Adriatic front in a holding role directly under A.A.I.)

    Lieutenant-General Charles Allfrey
   * 4th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Arthur Holworthy)
   * 10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys Reid)
   * British 23rd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier R.H.E. Arkwright)

## German Army Group C

Commander:
    Field Marshal Albert Kesselring

### Army Group Reserve

   * 1st Paratroop Panzer Division (Brigadier-General Wilhelm Schmalz) (in OKW Reserve)
   * 26th Panzer Division (Lieutenant-General Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz)
   * 29th Panzergrenadier Division (Lieutenant-General Walter Fries)
   * 90th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Ernst-Günther Baade)
   * 92nd Infantry Division (Major-General Werner Goeritz) (Tiber Coastal Command)

### Fourteenth Army (at Anzio)

    Commander: Lieutenant-General Eberhard von Mackensen (until end May 1944, then under direct command of Kesselring)

#### I Parachute Corps

    Lieutenant-General Alfred Schlemm
   * 3rd Panzergrenadier Division (Brigadier-General Hans Hecker to 1 June then Major-General Hans-Günther von Rost to 25 June then Major-General Walter Denkert)
   * 4th Parachute Division (Major-General Heinrich Trettner)
   * 65th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Pfeifer)

#### LXXVI Panzer Corps

    Lieutenant-General Traugott Herr
   * 362nd Infantry Division (Major-General Heinz Greiner)
   * 715th Infantry Division (Major-General Hans-Georg Hildebrandt)

### Tenth Army (on the Winter Line)

    Commander: General Heinrich von Vietinghoff

#### XIV Panzer Corps

    Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin (on leave 17 April to 17 May during which time Lieutenant-General Otto Hartmann)
   * 15th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Rudolf Sperl)
   * 71st Infantry Division (Major-General Wilhelm Raapke)
   * 94th Infantry Division (Major-General Bernhard Steinmetz)

#### LI Mountain Corps

    Lieutenant-General Valentin Feurstein
   * 1st Parachute Division (Lieutenant-General Richard Heidrich)
   * 5th Mountain Division (Major-General Max-Günther Schrank)
   * 44th Infantry Division (Major-General Bruno Ortner)
   * 114th Jäger Division (Major-General Alexander Bourquin to 19 May 1944 then Major-General Hans Boelsen)

#### Korpsgruppe Hauck (on Adriatic front in holding role)

    Major-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck
   * 305th Infantry Division (Lieutenant-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck)
   * 334th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Böhlke)

### Armeegruppe von Zangen (in northern Italy)

    Commander: Lieutenant-General Gustav von Zangen

#### LXXV Army Corps

    Lieutenant-General Anton Dostler
   * 356th Infantry Division (Major-General Egon von Neindorff until 15 May then Major-General Karl Faulenbach)
   * 162nd Turkoman Division (Major-General Oskar von Niedermayer)

#### Corps Witthöft (Eastern sub-Alpine region)

    Lieutenant-General Joachim Witthöft
   * 188th Mountain Division (Major-General Hans von Hößlin)
   * 278th Infantry Division (elements) (Major-General Harry Hoppe)

#### Corps Kübler (Adriatic coastal region)

    Lieutenant-General Ludwig Kübler
   * 278th Infantry Division (most of) (Major-General Harry Hoppe)