OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank Star Comes Out

Frank Star Comes Out (Oglala Sioux) is a Native American politician who has served as president of the Oglala Sioux Tribe since 2022.

## Election

In November 2022, Star Comes Out defeated incumbent Kevin Killer by less than 600 votes, and was inaugurated president on December 6, 2022. Star Comes Out was elected to a second term in November 2024 by about 500 votes.

## Crime & Emergency Declaration

In July 2022, the tribe sued the Bureau of Indian Affairs, claiming that there was a "public safety crisis" and the bureau was obligated by treaty to provide adequate law enforcement funding to combat it. The tribe said it had only five officers on shift at most times, not enough to cover the reservation. Judge Roberto Lange ruled in favor of the tribe, agreeing that the United States had a treaty obligation to fund law enforcement, but declined to force the bureau to spend a specific amount. Though the ruling was considered a victory for the tribe, it did not lead to an increase in funding.
On November 18, 2023, President Star Comes Out declared a state of emergency "due to a breakdown of Law and Order on the Reservation", blaming the lack of funding for the increase in crime and saying the situation had only gotten worse since the ruling.

## Conflict with Governor Noem

In February 2024, Star Comes Out banned South Dakota governor Kristi Noem from the Pine Ridge reservation over her comments that Mexican cartels were using the reservation for drug smuggling, which Star Comes Out claimed were made for political gain. According to Star Comes Out, the U.S. Attorney's office does not believe the cartel in operating in Pine Ridge. Seven or eight of South Dakota's other eight tribes banned her in the following months. Noem responded that she wanted to work with tribal leaders on the cartel issue and increase police funding and that her statement is "not meant to blame the tribes in any way – they are the victim here", but also said "we’ve got some tribal leaders that I believe are personally benefiting from the cartels being there, and that’s why they attack me every day." The Oglala refused to attend her Tribal Public Safety Crisis Summit unless she apologized for her remarks.
# Billon (alloy)

Billon (/ˈbɪlən/) is an alloy of a precious metal (most commonly silver, but also gold) with a majority base metal content (such as copper). It is used chiefly for making coins, medals, and token coins.
The word comes from the French bille, which means 'log'.

## History

The use of billon coins dates from ancient Greece and continued through the Middle Ages. During the sixth and fifth centuries BC, some cities on Lesbos used coins made of 60% copper and 40% silver. In both ancient times and the Middle Ages, leaner mixtures were adopted, with less than 2% silver content.
Billon coins are perhaps best known from the Roman Empire, where progressive debasements of the Roman denarius and the Roman provincial tetradrachm in the third century AD led to declining silver and increasing bronze content in these denominations of coins. Eventually, by the third quarter of the third century AD, these coins were almost entirely bronze, with only a thin coating or even a wash of silver.
An example of a United States coin that is considered to be billon are the Jefferson nickels issued from 1942 through 1945. In order to save nickel and copper for the war effort, the composition of the nickel was changed to an alloy of 35% silver, 56% copper, and 9% manganese. These coins are easily identifiable by their color and by the presence of a large mintmark on top of the dome of Monticello.
# Claire Wallace (sociologist)

Claire Wallace is a professor of sociology at the University of Aberdeen.
Claire Wallace has published more than 100 peer-reviewed publications.

## Biography

Claire Wallace graduated from the University of Kent, where she undertook a PhD about young people on the Isle of Sheppey under the supervision of Ray Pahl. She subsequently worked at the University of Plymouth and Lancaster, before moving to Prague to help set up the Central European University (now in Budapest) together with Ernest Gellner. She then moved to the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna, where she later became Head of Sociology.
Since 2005 she has been working at the University of Aberdeen as Professor of Sociology, while she also was Vice-Principal for Research and Knowledge Exchange between 2011 and 2014 and before that Director of Research for the College of Arts and Social Science.
Between 2007 and 2009, she was President of the European Sociological Association. She was also editor in-chief of the international journal European Societies between 2001 and 2006.

## Work

Claire Wallace started her career on the Sheppey project with Ray Pahl looking at the transformations of work and employment for young people and households. She developed the idea of household work strategies in her later work in various European Union projects where she looked at all forms of work (domestic, employment, informal economy etc.) and how they were changing. This, together with her work on young people's transitions into adulthood, formed the basis of her early books. Whilst in Prague she became interested in East–West migration and published a series of papers and a book on this topic. She also wrote a series of papers about aspects of transition in Eastern Europe including ones on health, ethnic identity, work and well-being, as well as being involved in a series of project including ENRI-East, Health in Transition Times (HITT), Living Conditions, Lifestyles, and Health (LLH), Households, Work and Flexibility, and Workcare: Social Quality and the Changing Relationship between Work, Care and Welfare in Europe. These were continued through various research projects whilst in Vienna and Aberdeen. Since moving to Aberdeen she became co-investigator in the dot.rural Digital Economy Hub funded by the UK Research Council, where she looked at digital transformations of rural life. Over the last ten years she has been creating a model of well-being, quality of life and what makes a decent society by developing the Social quality model.
# Vron Ware

Vron Ware is a British academic and visiting professor at the Gender Institute of the London School of Economics and Political Science. She was previously a professor at Kingston University, editor of Searchlight magazine from 1981 to 1983, and worked as a freelance journalist until 1987, when she co-founded the Women's Design Service. She taught cultural geography at the University of Greenwich from 1992 to 1999, sociology and gender studies at Yale University from 1999 to 2005, and was senior research fellow at the Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change at the Open University from 2008 to 2014.

## Career

In 1987, Ware co-founded the Women's Design Service with Sue Cavanagh and Wendy Davis. The organization believed that cities needed to be radically altered to suit women's needs. The group put out a publication to create women's bathroom facilities to better suit women's needs like diaper changing areas and improved sanitary waste facilities.
In 1992 her first academic book, Beyond the Pale, was published. Who Cares About Britishness? A global view of the national identity debate (2007) was commissioned by the British Council as a contribution to domestic debates about citizenship, belonging and national identity in the UK. The work explores the practice of intercultural dialogue by engaging with young people living in a variety of postcolonial contexts. She is married to the British academic Paul Gilroy.
In 2017, Ware's body of photographs documenting the Black People's Day of Action on 2 March 1981 were exhibited in the 13 Dead, Nothing Said exhibition at Goldsmiths, University of London.

## Current research

Ware was a Research Fellow in the Centre for Socio-Cultural Change (CReSC), and the Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance (CCIG) at the Open University until 2014 when she became professor of sociology at Kingston University. In 2008, she began a new project looking at Britishness and militarization in the UK, using the recruitment and employment of Commonwealth soldiers as an entry point. Examining how the figure of the British soldier has acquired a prominence in mainstream culture not seen for many decades, her research focuses on questions of racism and citizenship, militarism and cultural diversity. The book Military Migrants (2012) argues that the degree to which the armed forces are seen to have become modernised is central to the management of modern warfare on the domestic front.
She was awarded a 2018–19 Leverhulme Research Fellowship.
# Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria

Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria is an Indian politician and from the Indian National Congress. He is a member of Punjab Legislative Assembly and represents Raja Sansi. He is a Punjab state cabinet minister holding the charges of the ministries of Revenue, Rehabilitation & Disaster Management and Water Resources.

## Early life

Sarkaria was born on 31 March 1956 in Amritsar to parents Narinder Singh Sarkaria and Amarjit Kaur.

## Political career

Sarkaria first contested the Punjab Legislative Assembly on Congress ticket from Raja Sansi in 1997 but was unsuccessful. He again contested from Raja Sansi in 2002 as an independent candidate, but narrowly lost the election. He also contested the 2004 Lok Sabha election from Tarn Taran constituency. However, he was successful during 2007 Vidhan Sabha elections, when he won from Raja Sansi with a big margin. He was re-elected MLA for Raja Sansi in 2012. He is elected MLA consecutively for the 3rd time in 2017 from Rajasansi constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly where he defeated Vir Singh Lopoke of the Shiromani Akali Dal. He was the Chairman of Punjab Mandi Board during Capt. Amrinder Singh's government.
He is also the Vice President of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee.
Sarkaria was one of the 42 INC MLAs who submitted their resignations in protest of a decision of the Supreme Court of India ruling Punjab's termination of the Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL) water canal unconstitutional.

## MLA

The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022.
# Helen Velando

Helen Velando (born 3 December 1961) in Montevideo is a Uruguayan writer of books for children and young people. Velando books of adventures have become a referent of Uruguayan literature an infantile contemporary.

## Early life and career

Velando studied three years of law school but she left when she determined that art was the motor that moved her soul. She began to sing and to study theatre and puppets, and got to have a blues band. She had many jobs: she sold books, shoes and clothes, made surveys, wove, was a theater educator and scriptwriter for comedy television. In 1989 she began to write adaptations for theater. In 1993, the year in which she gained a Florencio Sánchez Prize as the best new actress, she published her first book. Her great step was in 1999 when, after four years without publishing anything, her book Detectives en el Parque Rodó was a great success in Uruguay.

## Works

* Las increíbles historias de Superma-pupu, una pulga diferente (1993)
* Una pulga interplanataria (1995)
* Cuentos de otras lunas (1996)
* Detectives en el Parque Rodó (1999)
* Misterio en el Cabo Polonio (2001)
* Detectives en el Cementerio Central (2002)
* Fantasmas en la Sierra de las Ánimas (2002)
* Los cazaventuras 1, 2 y 3 (2003, 2004, 2005)
* Memorias de una gripe (2005)
* Piratas del Santa Lucia (2005)
* Cazaventura y el Tesoro de las Guayanas (2006)
# Allegheny Transportation Company

The Allegheny Transportation Company was a pipeline company that operated in the 1860s and 1870s as a bulk distributor of crude oil. It became the Pennsylvania Transportation Company in 1872 upon merger with Commonwealth Oil & Pipe Company. The company gathered crude oil from the oil fields in Northwest Pennsylvania and transported it via pipelines to railheads. It was the largest such company in the oil regions during this time, and was operated under the administration of Henry Harley. By 1871, it controlled 500 miles of pipelines in Northwest Pennsylvania.

## State charter

A charter from the State of Pennsylvania in 1864 gave the company a unique right to carry oil via pipelines to railroad yards.

## Jay Gould's involvement

In 1868, Jay Gould bought control of the company for $250,000 in an effort to gain increased rail traffic over the Erie Railroad via the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad. The Erie Railroad was competing for traffic with the New York Central Railroad via the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway and with the Pennsylvania Railroad.
In a contract signed on June 4, 1868, John D. Rockefeller's firm (Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler) along with Cleveland's other two largest oil refiners - Clark, Payne & Company; and Westlake, Hutchins & Company - were given a 25% of the interest in the Allegheny Transportation Company in return for $1. This stock was worth $62,222.
On July 2, 1868, Jay Gould took control of the Erie Railroad. Gould's gift would help finance Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler through the next two lean years.
# Richard ffrench-Constant

Richard ffrench-Constant FRS is professor of molecular natural history at the University of Exeter.
# Ruprecht of the Palatinate (Bishop of Freising)

Ruprecht of the Palatinate, count Palatine of the Rhine (Pfalzgraf bei Rhein), (14 May 1481, in Heidelberg – 20 August 1504, in Landshut) was the third son of Philip, Elector Palatine of the House of Wittelsbach and he was Bishop of Freising from 1495 to 1498.

## Life

Count Palatine Rupert ruled as bishop elect of the Freising Hochstift from 1495 to 1498, without ever having been consecrated as a priest. He married his first cousin, Elisabeth of Bavaria (1478–1504) in 1499, daughter of George, Duke of Bavaria. Rupert was adopted by his father-in-law and declared the heir of Bavaria-Landshut which led to the outbreak of the Landshut War of Succession after the death of Duke George in 1503. After Elizabeth and Rupert were placed under the imperial ban by Emperor Maximilian on 23 April 1504, they died in quick succession later in 1504 of dysentery. The war ended on 30 July 1505 with the arbitration of Emperor Maximilian I at the Cologne Reichstag. The Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg was created as a compensation for their surviving children Otto Henry and Philip.

## Family and Children

On 10 February 1499, Ruprecht married Elizabeth of Bavaria, daughter of George of Bavaria. They had the following four children:
* Twin sons Georg and Ruprecht (November 1500 – August 1504)
* Otto Henry (10 April 1502 – 12 February 1559), Count of Palatinate-Neuburg (1505–1559) and Elector Palatine (1556–1559)
* Philip (12 November 1503 – 4 July 1548), Count of Palatinate-Neuburg (1505–1541)

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Ruprecht of the Palatinate (Bishop of Freising) :
# Lee Joo-woo

Lee Joo-woo (Korean: 이주우; born September 3, 1990) is a South Korean actress. She is known for her supporting role in the MBC's television series Return of Fortunate Bok [ko] (2017), which earned her a MBC Drama Award nomination.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2016 | Mood of the Day | Information desk woman | |
| 2017 | Snowy Road | Ayako | |
| 2017 | To Be Sixteen [ko] | Soo-kyung | |
| 2017 | Calling | Jung Yoo-na | Cameo |

### Television series

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014–2015 | Schoolgirl Detectives | Choi Mi-rae | |
| 2015 | Hogu's Love | Min-ji | |
| 2015 | House of Bluebird | Park Joo-ri | |
| 2015 | Snowy Road | Ayako | |
| 2015–2016 | All is Well | Yang Na-ri | |
| 2017 | Return of Fortunate Bok [ko] | Shin Hwa-young | |
| 2018 | Welcome to Waikiki | Min Soo-ah | Season 1 |
| 2018 | Let's Eat 3 | Lee Seo-yeon | |
| 2019 | The Running Mates: Human Rights | Lee Dal-sook | |
| 2020 | The Spies Who Loved Me | Kim Dong-ran | |
| 2022 | Why Her | Song Mi-rim | |
| 2023 | Stealer: The Treasure Keeper | Choi Min-woo | |

### Web series

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| 2021 | Shh, Please Take Care of Him [ko] | Na Gong-joo | |

### Music video appearances

| Year | Title | Artist | Ref. |
| 2013 | "Story of Someone I Know" | San E | |
| 2013 | "Break-Up Dinner" | San E | |

## Musical theater

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2013–2014 | Oh! While You Were Sleeping | Choi Min-hee |

## Awards and nominations

Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination :
| Award ceremony | Year | Category | Nominee / Work | Result |
| MBC Drama Awards | 2017 | Best Character Award, Fighting Spirit Acting | Return of Fortunate Bok [ko] | Nominated |
| SBS Drama Awards | 2022 | Excellence Award, Actress in a Miniseries Genre/Fantasy Drama | Why Her | Nominated |
| SBS Drama Awards | 2022 | Best Supporting Team | Why Her | Nominated |
# Manik Jodi

Manik Jodi (1963) is an Oriya film directed by Prabhat Mukherjee

## Cast

* Urabashi Joshi
* Akshaya Mohanty Kashyap
* Sukhalata Mohanty
* Mayadhara Raut
* Sahu Samuel

## Lyrics

* Pramod Panigrahi
# Hugo S. Sims Jr.

Hugo Sheridan Sims Jr. (October 14, 1921 – July 9, 2004) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.

## Early life

Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, Sims attended the public schools. He graduated from Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina in 1941. After graduation, he was editor of the Times and Democrat, the daily newspaper of Orangeburg from 1941 to 1942.
He served in the United States Army from 1942 to 1945, commanding Company A, 501st Parachute Infantry, 101st Airborne Division, while serving in the Second World War. During his service, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and Silver Star.
After the war, he graduated from the law school of the University of South Carolina in 1947 and was a lawyer in private practice.

## Political career

He served as member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1947 to 1948. He then defeated incumbent John J. Riley for the Democratic nomination to Congress from the Second District. He was elected to the Eighty-first Congress. However, he lost the Democratic nomination to Riley in 1950, who went on to regain the Congressional seat.

## Later life

Sims reentered the United States Army in 1951, and then resumed the practice of law from 1951 to 1965. He served as president of the Management and Investment Corporation from 1965 to 1983.
He died on July 9, 2004, in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and is interred in Memorial Park Cemetery in Orangeburg.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Hugo S. Sims Jr. (id: S000439)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
# David Acfield

David Laurence Acfield (born 24 July 1947) is an English former first-class cricketer who was also a champion fencer.

## Cricket career

He was part of the successful Essex County Cricket Club team of the late 1970s and early 1980s and formed a noted county spin partnership with Ray East. He was a right-arm off break bowler and right-handed tail-end batsman. He played for Cambridge University from 1966 to 1968 and Essex from 1966 to 1986. He also appeared for MCC in 1973–74 and 1974. He was awarded his Essex cap in 1970 and had his Essex benefit season in 1981.
He took 10 wickets in a match 4 times and 5 wickets in an innings 34 times. His best first-class figures, 8 for 55, came against Kent. Acfield was no batsman, failing to score a first-class fifty in 417 innings. His best score, 42, came against Leicestershire. His lack of batting ability, and strong competition from the likes of Fred Titmus and John Emburey, told against his chances of Test selection, although he was on the 'long list' for inclusion in the English team that toured West Indies in 1973.
After retiring he remained in the game and served on the ECB's management committee.

## Fencing career

Acfield was also an Olympic fencer, taking part in the 1968 and 1972 Games.
He represented England and won a gold medal in the team sabre at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh.
Acfield was a four times British fencing champion, winning the sabre title at the British Fencing Championships for four years in a row, 1969–1972, during which period he was the leading sabre fencer in the country. He retired from fencing after the 1972 Olympics, preferring to devote himself to cricket as a professional, having previously retained his amateur status to protect his Olympic qualification.

## Personal life

Acfield attended Brentwood School, and graduated in history from Christ's College, Cambridge. For many years, during his cricket career, he taught history and took nets in winter at Rainsford Comprehensive School, later renamed St Peter's College, Chelmsford.
After his retirement from athletics, Acfield served as an administrator for the England and Wales Cricket Board and later as the president of the Essex County Cricket Club. He is also a Trustee of the Hornsby Professional Cricketers' Fund charity.
# Bolivia–Palestine relations

Bolivia–Palestine relations refer to foreign relations between Bolivia and Palestine.
Mahmoud Elalwani is the ambassador of Palestine to Bolivia. Bolivia supports the establishment of a two-state solution.

## History

On 28 November 1918, the Committee for the Liberty of Palestine, according to the organization representing four thousand Syrians and Palestinians in Bolivia, petitioned the British Counsel in La Paz. They, many Christians, mentioned they were worried that "oppressive Ottoman rule" would be replaced with "Isralitish Danger".
Movement to Socialism member Evo Morales broke ties with Israel during the 2008 Gaza War. Bolivia recognized Palestine as a state on 17 December 2010 along the 1967 border. During the 2014 Gaza War, Bolivia called Israel a terrorist state and increased cooperation on health, media, and sports. Ties were re-established with Israel in 2019.
Bolivia severed ties with Israel on 31 October 2023 during the Israel–Hamas war, accusing the Israeli government of committing war crimes against Palestinians in Gaza. María Nela Prada, another member of the Movement to Socialism, called for an end to Israeli bombing of Gaza and called for actions to avoid genocide in Gaza. Israel condemned Bolivia and called its decision a “surrender to terrorism”.
# Muhammad Khawja

Muhammad Khawja is a Bangash town and union council of Hangu District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 33°26'20N 70°54'34E and has an altitude of 928 metres (3047 feet).
# Chega (song)

"Chega" is a song recorded by Italian singer Gaia. It was released on 16 March 2020 through Sony Music Italy, as the lead single from her debut studio album Genesi.
The song peaked at number eleven on the Italian singles chart, being certified double platinum by FIMI.

## Composition and release

The song was written by the singer herself and Italian record producer Simon Says!. In an interview with TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, she explained the meaning of the song:
   "[The album Genesi and the song "Chega"] are both the result of a phrase that has accompanied me over the years, which is, "I am my own revolution". In that album are my Brazilian roots, my family and everything about me. “Chega” in Portuguese has two meanings. It means "enough" but it also means "to arrive". They sound contrary but they are two consecutive actions. First the rejection of something that makes you feel bad and then the action of going down the street in search of a new life".
The song was also published in Italian language with the reissue of the album Nuova Genesi. On August 7, 2020, the official remix of the song was published featuring Strage.

## Music video

The music video for the song, directed by Younuts, was released on March 16, 2020, through the singer's YouTube channel.

## Certifications

Certifications for Chega :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | 2× Platinum | 140,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||