OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Concept of Stratification

Concept of Stratification, labelled CST by Prof Lotfi A. Zadeh, was proposed in 2016. Zadeh states that it is a reform in conventional problem solving methods by the consideration of a recursive problem solving approach. Note that this concept should not be mistaken with other similar concepts such as social stratification. CST is not based on social stratification nor related to it. More particularly it is quite different from the previous versions and applications of stratification, such as stratified logic, stratified approach, stratified programming, stratified analysis, among other versions of stratification prior to 2016. This version of stratification can handle a range of problems as explained a year after the original proposal by Asadabadi and his colleagues.
The key innovation in CST is that it considers the target states first, and then the target set is gradually enlarged to include the system which is aimed to receive the target. After the system is contained in the enlarged target, the target gradually shrinks to let the system find the target. This method has similarities to the human mind problem solving and is expected to be employed widely in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in near future.
CST can be used to structure complicated problems. The complexity involved in many problems is with regard to the consideration of different situations that are likely to happen in the near future. These situations can be considered as different states in CST to give a general view of the problem. Through this, different aspects of the problem can be analysed separately. This is referred to in the literature as holistic and systemic thinking. The stratified multi criteria decision making method (SMCDM) proposed in 2018 is an example of such utilization.
# Kentucky Route 2830

Kentucky Route 2830 (KY 2830) is a two-lane, largely rural highway in northeastern Daviess County, Kentucky. The southern terminus is at KY 144 and the northern terminus is at KY 334. The road serves the community of Maceo.

## Route description

KY 2830 begins at an intersection with KY 144 northwest of Thruston. From this intersection, the highway runs northeast, generally parallel to U.S. Route 60 (US 60) and US 231. KY 2830's first highway intersection is with KY 1831, also known as Wright's Landing Road. KY 2830 continues along a northeast heading alongside a CSX rail line.
KY 2830 then enters the community of Maceo, where it serves as the western terminus of KY 405. KY 2830 leaves Maceo, still following the railroad northeast, until its northern terminus at KY 334. KY 334 takes over the route for a very short distance and ends at US 60.

## History

KY 2830 is the former routing of US 60, which was four-laned and relocated slightly to the north (in fact, the new four-lane US 60 is within sight of KY 2830 for quite a distance) on November 25, 1998. When US 60 was rerouted, as is customary in Kentucky, instead of turning over the old highway to a local agency, the state retained control and merely applied for a new number, in this case KY 2830. Originally, all of KY 2830 was classified as a Supplemental Road by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. The portion of the route between KY 405 in Maceo and KY 334 north of Maceo was promoted to the Rural Secondary System on October 26, 2004.
When the new bypass around east Owensboro opened, KY 2830 was extended onto the old US 60 to the junction of KY 144, where the road ends.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Daviess County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Owensboro | 0.000 | 0.000 | KY 144 | Southern terminus |
| ​ | 1.112 | 1.790 | KY 1831 east | Western terminus of KY 1831 |
| Maceo | 4.464 | 7.184 | KY 405 south | Northern terminus of KY 405 |
| ​ | 5.289 | 8.512 | KY 334 to US 60 | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Evidomyia

Evidomyia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Evidomyia infida Reinhard, 1958

## Distribution

United States.
# Robert Clerk (MP)

Robert Clerk was a Member of Parliament for Truro in 1386. There is no other information recorded of them.
# Cachalote

Cachalote is an offshore oil field located in Brazil. The field was discovered in November 2002 and is estimated to contain 350,000,000 barrels (56,000,000 m3) of heavy crude oil, with a gravity of 20°. The oil field is operated by the Brazilian state-owned oil company, Petrobras.
Plans to develop the oil field were put on hold due to the 2008 global financial crisis. In June 2008, SBM Offshore secured a letter of intent from Petrobras for the construction of a floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel to be used on the Cachalote field. The FPSO, named Capixaba, was scheduled to begin production on the field in 2010. However, the FPSO ultimately operated on a different field, and production on Cachalote has yet to resume.
As of 2021, the status of the Cachalote field remains unclear. Petrobras has faced significant financial challenges in recent years, including a corruption scandal and declining oil prices. These factors, along with increasing competition in the global oil market and regulatory hurdles, may impact the company's ability to develop and produce from its existing reserves, including the Cachalote field.
# Irish embassy

Irish embassy may refer to:
* List of diplomatic missions of Ireland
* List of diplomatic missions in Ireland
# Rodney Mason

Rodney or Rod Mason may refer to:
* Rodney Mason, American actor, see Tanqueray#Advertising
* Rodney Mason (rugby league), player for Central Coast Centurions
* Colonel Rodney Mason, commander of 71st Ohio Infantry
* Rod Mason (basketball) played in 1993 FIBA Americas
* Rod Mason (musician) (1940–2017), English musician
# Çovdar, Kalbajar

39°56′59″N 46°09′47″E﻿ / ﻿39.94972°N 46.16306°E﻿ / 39.94972; 46.16306
Çovdar (Chovdar) is a village in the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan.
# Royal Plaza

Royal Plaza, Royal Square, or similar may refer to:

## Public places

* Plaça Reial, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
* Place des Vosges, Paris, France, originally Place Royale
* Place Royale, Brussels, Belgium
* Place Royale, Reims, France
* Place Royale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
* Royal Plaza (Bangkok), Thailand
* Royal Square of Esfahan, Iran, now Naqsh-e Jahan Square
* Royal Square, St Helier, Jersey, United Kingdom

## Hotels

* Royal Plaza Hotel (Florida), U.S., now B Resort & Spa
* Royal Plaza Hotel (Hong Kong)
* Royal Plaza Hotel (Nakhon Ratchasima), Thailand, which collapsed in 1993

## Other uses

* Royal Plaza (Surabaya), East Java, Indonesia, a shopping mall
* Place du Royaume, a shopping centre in Saguenay, Quebec, Canada
# Evidon, Inc.

Evidon (formerly Ghostery, Inc. and The Better Advertising Project) is a New York City-based company dealing in enterprise marketing analytics and compliance services.
It was previously the owner of the anti-tracking browser extension Ghostery, which it sold to the German, Mozilla-backed company Cliqz GmbH in February 2017.

## History

The company was founded in 2009 as The Better Advertising Project by Scott Meyer in the advertising industry. Better Advertising acquired the Ghostery browser extension from David Cancel in January 2009.
In January 2011, the company re-branded as Evidon, a variation of the word "evident". Meyer argued that the previous name had made more sense in the past due to the experimental nature of its product, and that the company needed a more "clear" identity to reflect its professional operation.
In April 2014, Evidon was re-branded as Ghostery, Inc., unifying its branding with the consumer-oriented software. The company planned to increase its focus on enterprise-oriented solutions for digital experience management, managing cloud marketing, and managing privacy compliance.
On February 15, 2017 the Ghostery trademark, service and software was sold to Cliqz International GmbH a wholly owned subsidiary of Munich-based Cliqz GmbH for an undisclosed amount, and the company reverted to Evidon.
On August 2, 2017, Evidon was acquired by K1 Investment Management for a reported $50 million.
# Clarkey

Clarkey is the nickname of:
* Justin Clarke (born 1993), former Australian rules footballer
* Michael Clarke (cricketer) (born 1981), Australian cricketer
* Rikki Clarke (born 1981), English cricketer
* Mary Elizabeth Mohl (1793-1893), British writer and salon hostess (née Clarke)
# C15H12I3NO4

The molecular formula C$_{15}$H$_{12}$I$_3$NO$_4$ (molar mass: 650.973 g/mol) may refer to:
* Reverse triiodothyronine
* Triiodothyronine
# Chilperic of Aquitaine

Chilperic (sometimes Childeric in the chronicles of the time) was the infant son of Charibert II, and briefly king of Aquitaine in 632. He was killed shortly after his father in 632, under orders by Dagobert I, Charibert's half-brother.
# Rodney Martin (sprinter)

Rodney Martin (born December 22, 1982) is an American sprinter. Martin is a native of Las Vegas, Nevada. He attended Western High School, where he played football and ran track. At the University of South Carolina Rodney became a three-time All-American and broke the indoor and outdoor 200m school records. Martin ran 4th place at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan in the 200m dash, missing the bronze medal to Wallace Spearmon Jr. by 100th of a second. The Americans placed 1st (Tyson Gay), 3rd place (Wallace Spearmon Jr) and 4th place (Rodney Martin). Martin obtained the gold medal as an alternate running on the gold medal USA 4 × 100 m relay that year. Martin made his first Olympic Team in 2008 in Beijing China, where he ran the first leg of the 4 x 100 metre relay. Rodney has now turned his sights on Music, forming King Martin Music Group out of Houston Tx.
United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He competed in the 4x100 metres relay together with Travis Padgett, Darvis Patton and Tyson Gay. In their qualification heat Martin ran the first leg of the race. They did not finish due to a mistake in the baton exchange and they were eliminated.
As of 2014, Martin was serving in the United States Navy.

## Personal bests
### Outdoor

| Distance | Time | Wind | Location / Date |
| 100m | 9.95 sec | + 1.6 m/s | Eugene / June 28, 2008 |
| 200m | 19.99 sec | + 1.7 m/s | Eugene / July 6, 2008 |

### Indoor

| Distance | Time | Location / Date |
| 60m | 6.75 sec | Fayetteville / February 27, 2005 |
| 200m | 20.38 sec | Fayetteville / March 11, 2005 |
# Johann Mayer (serial killer)

Johann Mayer (2 April 1886 – 29 December 1923), nicknamed Stumpfarm, was a German serial killer, who was sentenced to death for fourfold murders and one manslaughter.

## Life

Mayer was born in Uersfeld, the son of Gunderath-born non-sedentary day labourer Johann Wilhelm Mayer and his wife Anna Maria (née Knorr). The place of birth in which Mayer was first baptized on his birthday and regularly baptized the next day, was rather coincidental, as his travelling parents did not have a permanent home. As a child, Mayer attended the school in Boos, before he started work in a quarry. Due to an accident in the quarry - possibly through careless handling - Mayer lost his left forearm, which earned him the nickname "Stumpfarm", even before his criminal career began. Since then he was only partially able to work as a farmhand and harvest helper.
At the time of the First World War, Mayer, who was incapable of military service, increasingly fell into an unsteady lifestyle. He did murder in the woods between Elzbach and Endert, but was also given penalties for assault, theft and poaching.

## Crimes

From March 1918 to May 1919, Mayer killed three women with whom he had previous relationships, as well as two men, with whom he had previously been friends.
* Maria Dahm from Mayen, 23 years old, murdered between 18 and 24 March 1918 in the Mayen town forest.
* Maria Falk from Bonn, 28 years old, murdered in February 1919 in the forest between Masburg and Hauroth.
* Nikolaus Schüller from Kalenborn, 30 years old, murdered on 30 March 1919, in the forest near Mannebach.
* Lorenz Reuter from Masburg, 22 years old, murdered on 26 April 1919, in the forest district of Etscheid between Boos and Mannebach.
* Katharina Forst from Mannebach-Sickerath, 34-year-old widow with three children, who disappeared in May 1919 and whose body was found more than a year later in the forest near Illerich.
As a murder weapon, Mayer used a carbine, and in later interrogations, he described the crimes with "A shot, a scream, all over." To disguise his actions, he separated the heads and limbs of his male victims and exchanged them.
The well-known "Stumpfarm" was investigated on 9 July 1919, but remained undetected working as a farmhand in Eulgem. However, on 10 August 1922, he was recognized and accosted by vagrants in the Sänger district northwest of the village. The prisoner was first detained in Kaisersesch, then moved to Koblenz.

## Condemnation

Since Johann Mayer did not confess before the Koblenz jury court, he was sentenced to death on 7 February 1923, for fourfold murder and because of the one manslaughter - 15 years imprisonment. A confession was filed by "Stumpfarm" shortly before his execution after mercy petitions were rejected. The death sentence against Mayer was enforced on 29 December 1923, in the courtyard of the Cologne prison, where he was decapitated by the guillotine.
# Bérengère Poletti

Bérengère Poletti (born 14 October 1959 in Biencourt-sur-Orge) is a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly of France from 2002 to 2022, representing the 1st constituency of the Ardennes département, and is a member of the Republicans.

## Political career
### Career in local politics

In 1995, Poletti entered politics by being elected municipal councilor (RPR) of Charleville-Mézières on the list of opposition led by Philippe Mathot (UDF-PR). She became regional councilor of Champagne-Ardenne in 2002 on the list led by Jean-Claude Étienne (RPR-UDF). She was vice-president of the regional council of Champagne-Ardenne between 1998 and 2004.
In 2008, as candidate in the municipal elections of Charleville-Mézières, Poletti lost in the second round, against Claudine Ledoux.
In March 2015, she was elected county councilor of Château-Porcien in tandem with Renaud Averly. She becomes the 8th vice-president of the Departmental council and resigns from her mandate of regional councilor.
On 8 January 2016 Poletti was appointed Secretary in charge of professional federations, of the Republicans. In September 2016, Poletti was named spokesperson of the Republicans.

### Member of the National Assembly

Poletti was elected member of parliament on 16 June 2002, in the 1st constituency of the Ardennes. She is reelected with 59.58% of votes in the second round in the same constituency on 17 June 2007 against the socialist candidate Claudine Ledoux. She has since been reelected on 17 June 2012 and on 18 June 2017.
In the 15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Polette served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, where she was a secretary. She also chaired the France-Netherlands Parliamentary Friendship Group.
In addition to her committee assignments, Poletti was a member of the French delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 2017 to 2022. In this capacity, she served on the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development and its Sub-Committee on Gender Equality.
On 1 March 2022, Poletti announced she would not be seeking re-election at the upcoming parliamentary election. She will retire after 20 years in Parliament.

## Other activities

* French Development Agency (AFD), Alternate Member of the Supervisory Board

## Political positions

Poletti filed in November 2011 a draft law allowing better access to contraception especially for minors, and to voluntary termination of pregnancy. In 2014, she tabled a law proposal to strengthen the control of sick leave and reintroduce the day of absence in the public service; and she's writing a report on home-based jobs.
In the Republicans’ 2016 presidential primaries, Poletti endorsed Bruno Le Maire as the party's candidate for the office of President of France.
In July 2019, Poletti voted against the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
Ahead of the 2022 presidential elections, Poletti publicly declared her support for Michel Barnier as the Republicans’ candidate.
# Royal Pier Hotel, Clevedon

The Royal Pier Hotel is a Grade II listed building in Clevedon, England.

## History

The Royal Pier Hotel, originally known as the Rock House, was built in 1823 by Thomas Hollyman. In 1868, the building was expanded by local architect Hans Price and renamed Rock House & Royal Pier Hotel, subsequently shortened to Royal Pier Hotel. Since its closure in October 2001, the building fell into disrepair. In the same year, huge public uproar saved the hotel from demolition. In May 2003, one end of the hotel was ruined in a fire, and despite numerous planning applications to turn the building into flats, it remained derelict.
In 2009 local town councilor David Shopland unsuccessfully called for the hotel's Grade II listed status to be removed, to make planning applications easier and the site more attractive to developers.
In 2014–2016 the hotel was converted into apartments, with some features of the existing building retained and other parts replaced by new development.

## Location

The hotel is situated on the cliffs of Clevedon's seafront, adjacent to Clevedon Pier.
# Euoplos saplan

Euoplos saplan is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2019 by Australian arachnologists Michael Rix, Jeremy Wilson and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet saplan is an acronym for the “Salinity Action Plan” environmental survey of the Wheatbelt, by the Western Australian Museum and the Department of Conservation and Land Management, which resulted in the collection of many specimens, including this species.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in south-west Western Australia in the northern Avon Wheatbelt bioregion. The type locality is Buntine Rocks Nature Reserve.
# 2011 Karshi Challenger

The 2011 Karshi Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Qarshi, Uzbekistan between 15 and 21 August 2011.

## ATP entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| SVN | Blaž Kavčič | 74 | 1 |
| UZB | Denis Istomin | 81 | 2 |
| RUS | Konstantin Kravchuk | 162 | 3 |
| RUS | Alexander Kudryavtsev | 165 | 4 |
| SVK | Andrej Martin | 191 | 5 |
| TPE | Yang Tsung-hua | 209 | 6 |
| UZB | Farrukh Dustov | 237 | 7 |
| SVK | Ivo Klec | 243 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of August 8, 2011.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Farrukh Dustov
* Murad Inoyatov
* Christopher Rungkat
* Nigmat Shofayziev
The following players received entry as a special exemption into the singles main draw:
* Denis Istomin
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Mikhail Elgin
* Sarvar Ikramov
* Mikhail Ledovskikh
* Gerald Melzer
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw as a lucky loser:
* Junn Mitsuhashi

## Champions
### Singles

Denis Istomin def. Blaž Kavčič, 6–3, 1–6, 6–1

### Doubles

Mikhail Elgin / Alexander Kudryavtsev def. Konstantin Kravchuk / Denys Molchanov, 3–6, 6–3, [11–9]
# LaSalle Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area

LaSalle Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on 2,058 acres (833 ha) in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. It is a man-made lake, built as a cooling pond for the LaSalle County Generating Station.
# Callancyla cribellum

Callancyla cribellum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1855.
# Shaso

Shaso (社葬) is a 1989 Japanese film directed by Toshio Masuda.

## Cast

* Ken Ogata
* Yukiyo Toake
* Kōichi Satō
* Mariko Fuji
* Miyuki Imori
* Hideko Yoshida
* Yōko Nogiwa
* Issey Ogata
* Eiichiro Funakoshi
* Jun Negami
* Hōsei Komatsu
* Kazuo Kitamura
* Takeshi Katō
* Hideo Takamatsu as Okabe Kensuke
* Tadao Nakamaru
* Shinsuke Ashida
* Tōru Emori
* Tomisaburo Wakayama

## Awards

14th Hochi Film Award
* Best Director - Toshio Masuda
* Best Supporting Actress - Hideko Yoshida
# Kisser (surname)

Kisser is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
# Kravsko

Kravsko is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Kravsko lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Znojmo, 56 km (35 mi) south-west of Brno, and 172 km (107 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Rubus junceus

Rubus junceus is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found in Nova Scotia and also in the northeastern and north-central United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont).
The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.
# Etrich VII

The Etrich VII monoplane was designed by Igo Etrich and first flown in 1911. Some were sold to European militaries, including Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 11.3 m (37 ft 1 in)
* Wingspan: 14.6 m (47 ft 11 in)
* Wing area: 35 m$^2$ (380 sq ft)
* Powerplant: 1 × Austro-Daimler 6 "V", 89 kW (120 hp)

## Operators

* Austria-Hungary
   * Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
* Russia
   * Imperial Russian Air Service
* German Empire
   * Imperial German Flying Corps
# Craig Herbert

Craig Justin Herbert (born 9 November 1975) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Barwell.

## Career

Herbert began his career as an apprentice with Torquay United, but was one of five trainees who left Plainmoor under a cloud on 23 February 1994. The following month he signed for West Bromwich Albion, the Baggies paying Torquay a fee of £10,000 with another £6,000 due after 20 first team appearances and 15% of any future sell-on fee, even though he had never appeared in the Gulls first team. However, the additional fees never transpired as he played just eight league games for West Brom and was released on a free transfer at the end of the 1996–97 season.
In July 1997 he joined Shrewsbury Town, but, due to injury, played just 41 times in total before being released in May 2000. He had a trial with Boston United in July 2000.
In October 2000 he had a trial with York City and in January 2001 joined Rugby United. He had a trial with Kidderminster Harriers in March 2001 before joining Hayes later the same month, despite being linked with Bromsgrove Rovers. He played for Hayes against Yeovil in the first-ever live televised Conference game. However, he was released by Hayes the following month and rejoined Rugby United where he was appointed club captain for the following season.
He remained with Rugby until August 2002 when he joined Moor Green. He then rejoined Rugby and stayed until the end of 2004–05 when he followed manager Tony Dobson to Solihull Borough. However, in October 2005 he returned again to Rugby Town.
Herbert was appointed Rugby's caretaker manager in December 2007 following Billy Jeffrey's resignation and secured two wins and a draw before Rod Brown took over in January 2008. He was again appointed as caretaker manager in September 2008 after Brown left.
# Clemensia erminea

Clemensia erminea is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Schaus in 1896. It is found in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Paraná.
# Kapıkaya, Amasya

Kapıkaya is a village in the Amasya District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 385 (2021).