OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Downman

John Downman ARA (1749 – 24 December 1824) was an English portrait and subject painter.

## Life and work

Downman was the son of Francis Downman, attorney, of St Neots, and Charlotte Goodsens, daughter of Francisco Goodsens, a musician of the Chapel Royal from 1711 to 1741; his grandfather, Hugh Downman (1672–1729), had been the master of the House of Ordnance at Sheerness. The Downman family is usually known as a Devonshire one, but the exact connexion between the artist and the Devonshire branch has not been traced. Earlier works assumed Downman was born in 1750 near Ruabon in Denbighshire where he first went to school; however it is now known he was baptised on 12 September 1749 at Eynesbury in Huntingdonshire, adjacent to St Neots. After his early schooling in Ruabon, and then briefly in Liverpool, he attended finally the Royal Academy schools, and was for a while in the studio of Benjamin West.
Downman set off in 1773 with Joseph Wright of Derby, a pregnant Ann Wright and Richard Hurleston for Italy. Their ship took shelter for three weeks in Nice before they completed their outward voyage in Livorno in Italy in February 1774. Downman returned to Britain in 1775.
He settled down for a while in Cambridge (1777), eventually coming to London, where he contributed to various art exhibitions. In 1804 he moved to the village of West Malling in Kent. In 1806, Downman visited Plymouth in the West Country, between 1807 and 1808 he practised at Exeter, afterwards working in London for some years, settling at Chester in 1818-19, then finally moving to Wrexham, where his only daughter married and where he died on 24 December 1824. He left a large collection of his paintings and drawings to his daughter. He was also the father of Sir Edwin Downman.
He exhibited 148 works in the Royal Academy between 1769 and 1819, mainly portraits, but often fancy subjects, such as 'Rosalind,' painted for the Shakespeare Gallery; 'The Death of Lucretia; The Priestess of Bacchus;' 'Tobias;' 'Fair Rosamond;' 'The Return of Orestes;' 'Duke Robert,' etc. In 1795 he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy.
His first work at the Royal Academy (1769) was A small portrait in oil,' and the last (1819), A late Princess personifying Peace crowning the glory of England reflected on Europe, 1815. In 1884 the trustees of the British Museum acquired, by purchase, a volume containing numerous coloured drawings by Downman, among which were several portraits, now separately mounted. He also left several volumes of exquisite drawings, executed in red and black chalk, of which Ralph Neville Grenville published a catalogue (Taunton, 1865). He also painted some miniature portraits. Engravings were also made by Bartolozzi and others. Many of his portraits have attached to them remarks of considerable importance respecting the persons represented.
# Karatepe, Alaca

Karatepe is a village in the Alaca District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 33 (2022).
# Clemensia flava

Clemensia flava is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by E. Dukinfield Jones in 1914. It is found in Brazil.
# Francis Pelham

Francis Pelham may refer to:
* Francis Pelham, 5th Earl of Chichester, British cleric and nobleman
* Francis Pelham, 7th Earl of Chichester, British nobleman
# Jim Dolan (canoeist)

Jim Dolan is a British former slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s.
He won a gold medal in the K-1 team event at the 1983 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Meran.
# Idaville

Idaville may refer to:
* Idaville, Pennsylvania, a town in Pennsylvania
* Idaville, Indiana, a town in Indiana
* Idaville, Oregon, an unincorporated community in Oregon
* The fictional hometown of Encyclopedia Brown
# Crocus fleischeri

Crocus fleischeri is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial with a native range from the eastern Aegean Islands to western and south western Turkey.

## Description

Crocus fleischeri is a herbaceous perennial geophyte growing from a corm. The corms are small and tear-drop shaped with silky reticulate tunics. The corm inside is yellow and produces leaves at the same time flowering occurs. The white flowers are slender but open widely. The branched stigmas are dark orange-red when the flowers first open and age to cinnamon brown, they are taller than the anthers. The throats of the flowers are variable in color, ranging from yellow, orange, to brown and even blackish. Flowering can occur as early as January if the weather conditions are mild and the plants are winter hardy to USDA zone 6.
It is found growing in evergreen oak scrub and on dry hillside around 1000 meters in altitude; flowering from January till March.
# E.K. Lidbury

EK or Emma-Kate Lidbury is a female British professional triathlete who currently resides in Boulder, Colorado. She previously lived in Los Angeles, California. She began training for triathlons in 2005 and decided to devote her full-time to the sport in the fall of 2008. She specialized at the Ironman 70.3 distance, winning her first titles in 2011 at 70.3 Mallorca, 70.3 UK and 70.3 Augusta. In 2012 she successfully defended her title at 70.3 Mallorca. In 2013 she had two 1st-place finishes, one at Ironman 70.3 Texas and the other at Ironman 70.3 Kansas. Lidbury finished 10th at the Ironman 70.3 World Championship in 2010 and 8th the following year.
Since retiring from professional racing she has returned to her writing and journalistic roots, co-authoring the book Triathlon Swimming with Gerry Rodrigues for VeloPress. She worked as Managing Editor at Triathlete Magazine from 2019 to 2022.
# 1996–97 Liechtenstein Cup

The 1996–97 Liechtenstein Cup was the fifty-second season of Liechtenstein's annual cup competition. Seven clubs competed with a total of fourteen teams for one spot in the qualifying round of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. FC Vaduz were the defending champions.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| FC Ruggell | 0–2 | FC Triesen |
| FC Triesenberg II | 2–0 | USV Eschen/Mauren II |
| FC Triesen | 0–8 | FC Balzers |
| FC Vaduz II | 2–5 | FC Schaan |
| FC Triesenberg | 1–4 | USV Eschen/Mauren |
| FC Ruggell II | 2–0 | FC Schaan Azzurri |

## Quarterfinals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| FC Triesenberg II | 0–7 | FC Balzers |
| FC Ruggell II | 0–14 | FC Vaduz |
| FC Balzers II | 1–3 | USV Eschen/Mauren |
| FC Schaan | 0–2 | FC Triesen |

## Semifinals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| FC Triesen | 1–2 | FC Vaduz |
| USV Eschen/Mauren | 4–4 (a.e.t.) (1–3 p) | FC Balzers |
# Karatekin, Korgun

Karatekin is a village in the Korgun District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 143 (2021).
# Clemensia incerta

Clemensia incerta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in French Guiana.
# Francis Peirson

Major Francis Peirson (January 1757 – 6 January 1781) was a British Army officer who was serving on Jersey, in the Channel Islands off the coast of France. He was killed in the Battle of Jersey, one of the last battles to take place in the British Islands.

## Early career

Educated at Warrington Academy, Peirson joined the British Army in 1772. In 1779 he was appointed to the 95th Regiment of Foot, a fencible regiment raised for the defence of the British isles from invasion and was deployed with the regiment to Jersey the following year.

## Battle of Jersey and death

Following the capture and imprisonment of Major Moses Corbet, Commander of the Jersey Garrison, by French troops on 6 January 1781, Peirson refused French demands to surrender and took command of the Garrison. Peirson's refusal to surrender was contrary to the order of the imprisoned Corbet who had already signed the garrison's official capitulation under the threat that St Helier, island's town, would be burnt to the ground. Peirson energetically rallied the garrison from its various posts on the island, first dispatching Captain Hugh Fraser, commander of the Highlanders and light company, to secure the heights overlooking the town, which the French had inexplicably left unoccupied. Peirson then organised a counterattack against the main French force occupying St Helier, planning to outflank the De Rullecourt's troops by attacking the town from two directions. Many of the British soldiers were veterans of fighting in North America and the outnumbered French were driven back to the centre of the town at bayonet point. The ensuing exchange of fire felled the two opposing commanders. Peirson was shot in the heart by a musket ball whilst leading a flanking manoeuvre around the French position, De Rullecourt the French commander was killed whilst attempting to organise a last stand around the Statue of King George II. After Peirson's death, the troops he had commanded were victorious.
The defeated French force fled from the town and dispersed into the countryside, where most were eventually captured. As the engagement in St Helier was being fought, Grenadiers from the 83rd Regiment under the command of Captain Campbell stormed and recaptured the La Platte Rocque Battery which had been occupied by 100 French troops.

## Places named after Peirson

* The Peirson pub is where Philippe de Rullecourt, the opposing French General, died.
* Peirson Place is the short street leading into the Royal Square where Peirson was shot
* Peirson Road is another street in Saint Helier
# Cassiani

Cassiani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giuliano Cassiani [ru] (1712-1778), Italian poet
* Stefano Cassiani, Italian Baroque painter
* Francisco Cassiani (born 1968), Colombian footballer
* Geovanis Cassiani (born 1970), Colombian footballer
* Edwin Cassiani (born 1972), Colombian boxer
# Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language

Idakho, Isukha, and Tiriki (Luidakho, Luisukha, Lutirichi) are mutually intelligible Kenyan languages within the Luhya ethnic group. They are a set of languages closely related to some other Luhya ethnic groups like Maragoli, but less so in comparison to others, like Bukusu,Tachoni or Samia.

## Tiriki

Tiriki, or known by the autoglossonym Lutirichi, is a language variety spoken in western Kenya and eastern Uganda within the Luyia language family. It is the southeasternmost of the Luyia dialects, spoken primarily in Hamisi Constituency in Vihiga County, Western Province, Kenya. As reported in the 15th ed. of the Ethnologue, a 1980 survey by Bernd Heine and Wilhelm Möhlig estimated there to be 100,000 speakers of Tiriki. The 17th ed. of the Ethnologue indicates a Tiriki-speaking population of 210,000 based on the 2009 Kenyan census, which surveyed ethnicity not language.

## Phonology

Consonants :
| | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Plosive | p | t | | k | |
| Prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd, ⁿz | ⁿdʒ | ᵑg | |
| Affricate | | ts | tʃ | | |
| Fricative | f, β | s | ʃ | | h |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Approximant | w | l | j | | |
Vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i | | u |
| Near-high | ɪ | | ʊ |
| Mid | e | | o |
| Low | | a | |
# Crocus goulimyi

Crocus goulimyi, the fall crocus, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus and the family Iridaceae. It is endemic to Greece. It is a cormous perennial growing to 10 cm (3.9 in) tall. The small, rounded, lilac flowers with paler throats appear in autumn.
It was named in honour of the Greek amateur botanist Constantine Goulimis (1886-1963).
This plant and the cultivar C. goulimyi subsp. goulimyi 'Mani White' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Dürrüşehvar Sultan (disambiguation)

Dürrüşehvar Sultan may refer to:
* Dürrüşehvar Hanım (1767 - 1831) - Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Abdülhamid I
* Dürrüşehvar Sultan (1914-2006) - Ottoman princess, daughter of Caliph Abdülmecid II
# Eldonta Osborne

Eldonta Osborne (born August 12, 1967) is a former American football linebacker. He played for the Phoenix Cardinals in 1990 and for the Shreveport Pirates from 1994 to 1995.
# Echineulima robusta

Echineulima robusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.

## Distribution

This marine species is mainly distributed around the Hawaiian Islands.
# Intelligent Home Control

Intelligent House Concept is a building automation system using a star configured topology with wires to each device. Originally made by LK, but now owned by Schneider Electric and sold as "IHC Intelligent House Concept".
The system is made up of a central controller and up to 8 input modules and 16 output modules. Each input module can have 16 digital (on/off) inputs and each output module 8 digital (on/off) outputs, resulting in a total of 128 input and 128 outputs per controller.

## Module control protocol

The central controller has one point-to-point data communication wire connected to each module. The protocol between the central controller and the modules uses a 5V pulse width encoding as follows:
* A header that is 4100 μs high and 300 μs low
* One pulse per I/O port, i.e. 16 pulses for input modules and 8 pulses for output modules
* One addition parity pulse; an even number of pulses is 0 parity and odd number pulses is 1 parity
* The pulse width is 600 μs
* A 0 (input or output off, or even parity) is encoded as 300 μs high and 300 μs low
* A 1 (input or output on, or odd parity) is encoded as 150 μs high and 450 μs low
The above signal constantly repeats.
# Karatepe, Merzifon

Karatepe is a village in the Merzifon District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 225 (2021).
# River (2015 Tibetan film)

River is a 2015 drama film directed Sonthar Gyal. The film was shown to a great fanfare during 19th Shanghai International Film Festival in China.
# Dear Green Place (disambiguation)

Dear Green Place is a television series set in Glasgow.
Dear Green Place may also refer to:
* The city of Glasgow, Scotland, of which "Dear Green Place" is a popular nickname
* The Dear Green Place, a novel by Archie Hind, which takes its title and setting from Glasgow
# Castellafiume

Castellafiume is a comune and town in the Province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central Italy.

## Geography

The town is located on the slopes of Mount Aurunzo on the northern side of the Nerfa valley, in Marsica. Its territory is crossed by the Liri river and also includes the frazione of Pagliara dei Marsi inhabited by a few dozen residents, about four kilometers from the municipal capital. On the slopes of Mount Girifalco are the ruins of the castle of Pagliara.
# Walshaw (surname)

Walshaw is a surname that may refer to:
* Glen Walshaw (born 1976), Zimbabwean athlete in swimming
* Ken Walshaw (1918–1979), English athlete in football
* Lucas Walshaw (born 1992), English athlete in rugby
* Tom Walshaw (1912–1998), English engineer, author, model engineering expert
# Ion Ignatiuc

Ion Ignatiuc (15 February 1893, Prepeliţa - 23 January 1943) was a Bessarabian politician.

## Biography

He served as Member of the Moldovan Parliament (1917–1918).

## Gallery

* Moldovan stamp, 1998
* Persecutions against Sfatul Țării members
# Dwiggins

Dwiggins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Clare Victor Dwiggins (1874–1958), American cartoonist
* Don Dwiggins (1913–1988), American aviation journalist and author
* Sue Dwiggins (1914–2011), American writer and production assistant
* William Addison Dwiggins (1880–1956), American type designer, calligrapher, and book designer
# Echineulima philippinarum

Echineulima philippinarum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.
# Inter Primo

Inter Primo A/S is a Danish multinational plastic extrusion company headquartered in central Copenhagen, Denmark, with 14 production facilities in eight countries and an additional office in Norway. Inter Primo is controlled by Primo Holding A/S.
Inter Primo manufactures plastic profiles for a range of industries, including medico, offshore, building, transport, and lighting.
Inter Primo employs 894 people in Europe and China and markets its products globally. The corporation is a result of more than 20 mergers and acquisitions since Inter Primo was established in 1959 in Tistrup, Denmark.
The company is owned by Primo Holding A/S, which is owned by three other holding companies, D. Grunnet Holding A/S, F. Grunnet Holding A/S, and M. Grunnet Holding A/S, owned by the chairman of the board Fleming Grunnet and his two daughters Mette and Dorthe.

## History
### 1959

Primo is established in Tistrup Denmark by entrepreneur Chresten Jensen. The company's plastic profiles were sold to hardware stores and lumber yards.

### 1977

Chresten Jensen sells his share of the company to Fleming Grunnet. Primo takes over the two companies Ureflex and Krone Plast, both located in Denmark.

### 1984

Primo takes over Swedish Kontraplast AB – Primo's first investment abroad – and establishes Primo Sweden AB. In the following years, Primo buys the Swedish plastic manufacturer Sondex and the Finnish OY WH Profil AB – a subsidiary to KWH Group – and thus establishes OY Primo Finland AB with Roger Häggblom as managing director.

### 1986

Inter Primo is founded. Primo UK is established the next year in Manchester, England.

### 1990

Primo buys two German profile manufacturers and establishes Primo Profile GmbH in Germany.

### 1995

OY Primo Finland acquires a competing company and becomes Finland's dominating profile manufacturers in the coming years. The same year Primo UK shuts down all activities due to a lack of success on the British market.

### 1996

Primo Sweden buys Smålandslisten AB, which produces silicone mouldings. Primo builds a new factory in Zory, Poland – Primo's first factory built from scratch. The Polish subsidiary Primo Profile Sp. Z o.o. is established and takes over the profile production from Spyra-Primo.

### 1997

Primo takes over Vefi Profiler AS in Norway.

### 2000

Inter Primo establish headquarters in Vestergade in Copenhagen, Denmark. Primo Danmark acquires the plastic division for windows from Rationel Vinduer A/S.

### 2004

Primo Profile GmbH opens a new factory in Berlin, Germany, and establishes a joint venture with German Profilex and buys a 25 pct. share of Profilex China in Zhuhai, Kina. The year before Primo acquired the Danish extrusion company OTV Plast A/S.

### 2005

Primo Finland initiates production in St. Petersburg, Russia. Swedish production is gathered in a new factory in Limmared in Västra Götaland.

### 2019

Primo buys Essentra Extrusion in Buitenpost, the Netherlands for 16.2 million euros and establishes itself in the Netherlands under the name of Enitor Primo. The company celebrates its 60 years anniversary.
# Dear Hearts and Gentle People

"Dear Hearts and Gentle People" is a popular song published in 1949 with music by Sammy Fain and lyrics by Bob Hilliard. The song refers to the singer's hometown, and different versions allude to a range of U.S. states.

## Background

The songwriters were inspired to write the song based on a scrap of paper with the words "Dear friends and gentle hearts" written on it that was found on the body of Stephen Foster when he was discovered dying in a New York hotel room in January 1864.

## 1949 recordings

Popular versions were recorded in 1949 by:
* The Dinah Shore recording was recorded on September 9, 1949, and released by Columbia Records (as catalog number 38605). This version alludes to Tennessee, Shore's home state. The recording first appeared on the Billboard charts on November 19, 1949, lasting 17 weeks and peaking at position number two.
* The Gordon MacRae recording was recorded on October 21, 1949, and released by Capitol Records (as catalog number 777). It peaked at number 19 on the Billboard charts. The flip side was "Mule Train," which MacRae recorded October 1, 1949.
* The Bing Crosby recording was recorded on October 26, 1949, and released by Decca Records (as catalog number 24798). This version mentions the state of Idaho, close to Crosby's hometown of Spokane, Washington. The flip side was "Mule Train". The recording first appeared on the Billboard charts on December 3, 1949, lasting 17 weeks and peaking at number two.
* The Dennis Day recording was released by RCA Victor Records as a 78rpm single (catalog number 20-3596), and as a 45rpm single (catalog number 47-3102). The recording first appeared on the Billboard charts on January 14, 1950, lasting four weeks and peaking at number 14.

## Other recordings

* A Doreen Lundy recording was recorded on February 22, 1950, and released by EMI's UK Columbia Records label (as catalog number DB 2649).
* The song was performed by Gene Autry and the Cass County Boys in the 1950 Columbia Pictures film Beyond the Purple Hills.
* The Perry Como recording of April 23, 1959, was released as a track on the album Como Swings (catalog number LSP-2010). The Como recording of July 1980, from a live performance, was released on the album Perry Como Live on Tour in 1981 (catalog number AQL1-3826).
* A version recorded by Bob Crosby and the Bobcats was featured in three hit video games of the Fallout franchise, Fallout 3 Fallout 4, and Fallout 76, published by Bethesda Softworks.
* The British vocal group The Springfields (with Dusty Springfield on lead vocals) included their version on their 1961 album Kinda Folksy.
* The song was also performed by entertainers Sharon, Lois & Bram for their TV series The Elephant Show in 1989 and also in concerts.
# Environmental activist killings in Honduras

The organization Global Witness has said that Honduras is the deadliest country in the world for environmental activists. In the period between 2009 and 2017, more than 120 environmental activists were killed.

## Background

Honduras is the poorest and most violent country (in terms of homicide) in Central America. About 16% of its population lives on a daily income of $1.90 USD or less, and 74.6 people per 100,000 are murdered each year. It also ranks lowest on the Human Development Index, with a score of 130. Honduras and Guatemala have the highest prevalence of direct violence against environmental activists. From 1959 to 2015, 79% of cases of environmental violence involving murder occurred in one of these two countries.

## Notable victims and incidents

* Berta Cáceres (1971 – 2016)
* Jeannette Kawas (1946 – 1995)
* María Enriqueta Matute
* Lesbia Urquía
* Tomás Garcia
* José Santos Sevilla
* Félix Vásquez killed on 26 December 2020 in his home in Santiago de Puringla.
The National Human Rights Commissioner of Honduras reports that 92 Hondurans were killed near Bajo Aguán from 2009–2012 due to conflicts over the expansion of palm oil plantations.

## Impact

In the 2009 Kawas v. Honduras, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that its member states have an obligation to protect environmental activists from human rights violations. The Court further ruled that the government of Honduras had violated the rights of Jeannette Kawas, including her right to life, right to humane treatment, and right to accessible justice. The ruling was called pioneering for its impact on environmental activists rights worldwide.
In 2018, Honduras and 23 other Latin American and Caribbean countries signed "The Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin American and the Caribbean". The pact is meant to ensure stronger protections for environmental activists.