OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trond Andresen

Trond Andresen (born 30 April 1947) is a Norwegian academic, former communist politician, public writer and debater, broadcaster, and associate professor of Cybernetics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He served as a board member of NTNU 1999-2001, as an elected academic representative.

## Career

He earned the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering at NTH (now NTNU) in 1973, and has been assistant professor at NTNU since 1982. He was elected as a member of the university board in 1999, serving one term. He earned the dr.philos. degree in 2018 with the dissertation On the Dynamics of Money Circulation, Creation and Debt – a Control Systems Approach and was thus promoted to associate professor.

## Political activity

Andresen has been a member of a number of left-wing organisations in Norway, and was a co-founder of the Red Electoral Alliance (RV) political party in 1973. In 1982, he founded a left-wing radio station affiliated with RV, Radio RV, and served as its editor until 1996. He has also freelanced for the NRK. Andresen was a columnist for the left-wing daily Klassekampen from 2000 to 2016, and also for some time moderated its online forum, launched in 2008. He was also very active in hosting and participating in the debate about the newspaper's strategy that ended with the replacement of then-editor Paul Bjerke by Jon Michelet by the owners of the paper, the Workers' Communist Party, in 1996.
Due to his membership and activity in several communist organisations, Andresen was under surveillance by the Police Surveillance Agency from 1970 until the early 1990s, and has published his dossier, which he obtained following the inquiries into the Police Surveillance Agency's activities, on the Internet.
In February 2009, Andresen left the Red party.
In recent years, Andresen has been a vocal critic of Israel. He was one of the signatories of the petition to the university board that NTNU boycott Israel, an initiative which received worldwide media attention. The initiative by 34 NTNU professors eventually failed in the university board.
In April 2015, he was asked by the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions not to bring a poster to the International Workers' Day stating that "whining about anti-Semitism is a derailment tactic", that he had used for several years. In 2016 he announced his support for Marine Le Pen.

## Awards

In 2006, Andresen received the SINTEF Prize for Excellence in Teaching.
# Cycle, North Carolina

Cycle is an unincorporated community in Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States.

## History

A post office called Cycle was established in 1904, and remained in operation until 1972. The origin of the name "Cycle" is obscure.
# Troglohyphantes lucifuga

Troglohyphantes lucifuga is a species of cave spider of the family Linyphiidae. Its distribution is European: France, Italy, Switzerland.

## Morphology

Troglohyphantes lucifuga is a small sized spider, with a body length of ca. 7mm.
# Troglolestes sokolovi

Troglolestes sokolovi is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae.
Troglolestes sokolovi is the only species in the genus Troglolestes.
The generic name Troglolestes contains the suffix -lestes, that means "robber".

## Distribution

The distribution of Troglolestes sokolovi includes only its type locality.
The type locality of Troglolestes sokolovi is the Vorontzovskaya Cave near Sochi, Russia.

## Ecology

Troglolestes sokolovi inhabits the cave. Animals inhabiting caves are called troglobites. It was discovered as the first species of troglobite slug in 1965.
# Troglohyphantes nigraerosae

Troglohyphantes nigraerosae is a species of cave spider of the family Linyphiidae. It is endemic to Italy.

## Morphology

Troglohyphantes nigraerosae is a small sized cave spider with a body length of 3 mm (Prosoma length: 1.50 mm, prosoma width: 1.15 mm). From a genetic standpoint, T. nigrerosae represent the sister group of T. vignai. Males of the latter species can be distinguished from T. nigraerosae by the shape of the lamella significativa of the male palp (see).

## Distribution

Southern Graian Alps (NW Italy). The species occurs preferentially in caves.
# Cynopoecilus

Cynopoecilus is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to seasonal temporary pools in Southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. Most species are restricted to the region bordering the Patos–Mirim lagoons, but C. feltrini is found at the Tubarão River (north of the lagoons) and C. intimus is found at the middle Gravataí River (inland from the lagoons). The Cynopoecilus species have small ranges and are often threatened. The region inhabited by C. intimus has experienced extensive habitat destruction and recent surveys have not been able to locate this species; it may already be extinct.
They are small fish, up to 4.4 cm (1.7 in) in standard length. Uniquely among killifish, Cynopoecilus and the closely related Campellolebias have internal fertilization.

## Species

There are currently 6 recognized species in this genus:
* Cynopoecilus feltrini W. J. E. M. Costa, Amorim & Mattos, 2016
* Cynopoecilus fulgens W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002
* Cynopoecilus intimus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002
* Cynopoecilus melanotaenia (Regan, 1912)
* Cynopoecilus nigrovittatus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002
* Cynopoecilus notabilis Ferrer, Wingert & L. R. Malabarba, 2014
# Trinidad and Tobago at the 2007 Pan American Games

The 15th Pan American Games were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 13 July 2007 to 29 July 2007.

## Medals
### Silver
##### Cycling

* Men's Individual Road Race: Emile Abraham

### Bronze
##### Athletics

* Women's Shot Put: Cleopatra Borel-Brown

##### Swimming

* Men's 50m Freestyle: George Bovell

##### Taekwondo

* Men's – 80 kg: Chinedum Osuji
# Tržić Tounjski

Tržić Tounjski is a village in Croatia, under the Tounj municipality, in Karlovac County.
# Tržačka Raštela

Tržačka Raštela is a village in the municipality of Cazin, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 273.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 265 | 97.1% |
| Croats | 1 | 0.4% |
| Serbs | 1 | 0.4% |
| other/undeclared | 6 | 2.2% |
| Total | 273 | 100% |
# Tropidion

Tropidion is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Tropidion abditum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion acanthonotum (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion argentina Galileo & Martins, 2010
* Tropidion atricolle (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion aurulentum Martins, 1971
* Tropidion balfourbrownei Martins, 1968
* Tropidion batesi Martins, 1968
* Tropidion bituberculatum (Audinet-Serville, 1834)
* Tropidion boliviensis Galileo & Martins, 2010
* Tropidion breviusculum (Thomson, 1867)
* Tropidion brunniceps (Thomson, 1865)
* Tropidion calciope (Thomson, 1867)
* Tropidion carinicolle (Bates, 1872)
* Tropidion castaneum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion centrale (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion cinctulum (Bates, 1870)
* Tropidion citrinum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion contortum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion cruentum Martins & Napp, 1986
* Tropidion ecoparaba Martins & Galileo, 2007
* Tropidion elegans (Gounelle, 1909)
* Tropidion enochrum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion epaphum (Berg, 1889)
* Tropidion erythrurum (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion extraordinarium Martins & Galileo, 1999
* Tropidion fairmairei (Gounelle, 1909)
* Tropidion fernandezi Joly, 1991
* Tropidion festivum (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion flavipenne (Martins, 1964)
* Tropidion flavipes (Thomson, 1867)
* Tropidion flavum (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion fuscipenne (Gounelle, 1913)
* Tropidion hermione (Thomson, 1867)
* Tropidion hispidum Martins, 1971
* Tropidion igneicolle (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion inerme (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion intermedium (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion investitum (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion iuba Martins & Galileo, 2007
* Tropidion kjellanderi (Martins, 1965)
* Tropidion lepidum Martins, 1971
* Tropidion litigiosum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion mirabile Martins, 1971
* Tropidion nordestinum (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion obesum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion ochraceum Martins & Galileo, 2007
* Tropidion periboeoides (Thomson, 1867)
* Tropidion persimile (Martins, 1960)
* Tropidion personatum (Gounelle, 1909)
* Tropidion pictipenne (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion pinima Martins & Galileo, 2007
* Tropidion praecipuum Martins, 1971
* Tropidion pubicolle Martins & Napp, 1986
* Tropidion pulvinum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion pusillum (Martins, 1960)
* Tropidion rubricatum (Gounelle, 1909)
* Tropidion rusticum (Gounelle, 1909)
* Tropidion salamis (Thomson, 1867)
* Tropidion semirufum Martins, 1968
* Tropidion signatum (Audinet-Serville, 1834)
* Tropidion silvestre (Martins, 1965)
* Tropidion sipolisi (Gounelle, 1909)
* Tropidion subcruciatum (White, 1855)
* Tropidion supernotatum (Gounelle, 1909)
* Tropidion tendyra Martins & Galileo, 2007
* Tropidion tymauna Martins & Galileo, 2007
* Tropidion validum (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion vianai Martins, 1971
* Tropidion vicinum (Gounelle, 1913)
* Tropidion xanthocele (Martins, 1962)
* Tropidion zonapterum (Martins, 1962)
# Elio Costa

Elio Costa (born 21 August 1940 in Maierato) is an Italian politician and magistrate.
Costa ran as an independent for the office of Mayor of Vibo Valentia at the 2002 Italian local elections, supported by a centre-right coalition. He won the election and served as Mayor of Vibo Valentia until his resignation on 15 January 2005.
He was re-elected on 3 June 2015, but he resigned for the second time on 31 January 2019, after a new internal government crisis.
# Jamides pura

Jamides pura, the white cerulean, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1886. It is found in the Indomalayan realm.

## Subspecies

* Jamides pura pura (Sikkim, Assam to Sumatra)
* Jamides pura zebrina (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Nias)
* Jamides pura parazebra (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Java)
* Jamides pura spitamenes (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Obi)
* Jamides pura eordaea (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Palawan)
* Jamides pura tenus (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Borneo)
* Jamides pura juliana (van Eecke, 1914) (Simalue)
* Jamides pura babinus Takanami, 1990 (Babi)
# Hong Kong Letters Patent 1917

The Hong Kong Letters Patent 1917 was one of the principal constitutional instruments of Hong Kong when she was a British Crown colony and dependent territory; the other principal constitutional instruments were the Hong Kong Letters Patent 1960, the Hong Kong Letters Patent 1982, the Hong Kong Letters Patent 1991 (No. 1), and the Hong Kong Royal Instructions 1917. The Hong Kong Letters Patent 1917 has been amended many times since its coming into force.
The Hong Kong Letters Patent 1917 superseded the letters patent issued on 5 April 1843, all subsequent letters patent amending the 1843 one, and the letters patent issued on 19 January 1888 (which replaced the 1843 letters patent and all those amending the 1843 one). The 1917 letters patent, as amended from time to time, remained part of the basis for Hong Kong's system of government until the transfer of the territory's sovereignty on 1 July 1997 to the People's Republic of China.
Issued under the royal prerogative, the letters patent was the formal legal basis of the office of Governor and Commander-in-Chief, the Executive Council, and the Legislative Council.
After the transfer of sovereignty to China, the Hong Kong Letters Patent 1917 ceased to have legal effect, as it is superseded by the new Basic Law.
# Harry Simmons

Harry Simmons may refer to:
* Harry Simmons (baseball) (1907–1998), American baseball executive, writer and historian; inductee of the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame
* Harry Simmons (high jumper) (1911–1944), English high jumper
* Harry Simmons (rugby union) (born 1997), English rugby union player
* Harry Simmons (American football) (died 1990), American football and college basketball coach
# Rudka Bałtowska

Rudka Bałtowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bałtów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Bałtów, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 65 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Habronyx victorianus

Habronyx victorianus is a species of parasitic wasp. It was described by Morley in 1913. The species is named after the state of Victoria in Australia where it was first identified.
# Higginbottom

Higginbottom is a surname of English origin. It is a corruption of Oakenbottom, a place in Bolton-le-Moors, probably influenced by the dialect word hickin or higgin, the mountain ash.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Edward Higginbottom (born 1946), British choral director
* Frederick Higginbottom (1859–1943), British journalist and newspaper editor
* Heather Higginbottom (born c. 1972), American politician
* Jake Higginbottom (born 1993), Australian professional golfer
* Sam Higginbottom (1874–1958), English-born American missionary to India, founder of the Allahabad Agricultural Institute
# Si Frumkin

Si Frumkin (born Simas Frumkinas) (November 5, 1930 – May 15, 2009) was a Lithuanian-born Jew who survived imprisonment at the Dachau Nazi concentration camp, and emigrated to the United States, where he became a prominent textile manufacturer and activist involved in issues relating to Soviet Jewry.

## Biography

Si Frumkin was born on November 5, 1930, in Kaunas, Lithuania, to Mykolas and Zila (née Waisapel) Frumkinas. When the German Army invaded Lithuania in 1941, Frumkin was sent to the city's Jewish ghetto with his parents. At the time of the ghetto's liquidation in 1944, Si Frumkin and his father were sent to Dachau concentration camp. His father died 20 days before the camp's liberation in 1945. After the war, Frumkin studied in Switzerland and England before briefly immigrating to Venezuela, where he was reunited with his mother, who had been deported to Poland.
Frumkin arrived in New York in 1949 and graduated from New York University with a bachelor's degree in 1953. Shortly after graduation, he moved to Los Angeles and took over Universal Drapery Fabrics, a downtown textile company. At night, he earned a master's degree in history at California State University, Northridge, which he completed in 1964.
When Frumkin became aware of the plight of Soviet Jews in the late 1960s, he at first tried, without success, to mobilize the local Jewish Federation Council to take action on the issue. Subsequently, he devoted himself to advocacy on behalf of Soviet Jewry, and founded the Southern California Council for Soviet Jews in 1968. With Zev Yaroslavsky, Frumkin protested against Soviet cultural events in Los Angeles. In 1970, Si Frumkin, Louis Rosenblum, Harold Light, and other local activists formed the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews as an umbrella organization for the various grassroots organizations in existence. As a founding member of the Association of Soviet Jewish Emigres, Frumkin assisted Soviet Jews who immigrated to Southern California settle in their new homes.
In his later years, Frumkin also worked to help Ethiopian Jews emigrate and was involved with the Israel-Christian Nexus, an organization of Jews and evangelical Christians that support Israel’s right to exist.
Si Frumkin died on May 15, 2009, in Los Angeles, California.
# Harth

Harth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred 23 Harth, German artist
* C. Ernst Harth (born 1970), Canadian actor
* Sidney Harth (1925–2011), American classical violinist and conductor
* Yoram Harth (born 1958), Israeli dermatologist
# Seabather's eruption

Seabather's eruption is an itching dermatitis caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the immature nematocysts of larval-stage thimble jellyfish (Linuche unguiculata), sea anemones (Edwardsiella lineata) and other larval cnidarians. The eruption is sometimes attributed to "sea lice" or "sea ants", but sea lice (Caligidae) are crustacean parasites of fish only.
It should not be confused with swimmer's itch.

## Symptoms and signs

Symptoms generally arise later after showering. It is unusual to notice the eruptions immediately. Symptoms can last from a few days up to, exceptionally, two weeks.
The reaction is identified by severe itching around small red papules 1mm to 1.5 cm in size on areas of skin that were covered by water-permeable clothing or hair during ocean swimming. Initial swimmer exposure to the free-floating larvae produces no effects, as each organism possesses only a single undeveloped nematocyst which is inactive while suspended in seawater. However, due to their microscopic size and sticky bodies, large concentrations of larvae can become trapped in minute gaps between skin and clothing or hair. Once the swimmer leaves the ocean, the organisms stuck against the skin die, and automatically discharge their nematocysts when crushed, dried out, or exposed to freshwater. This is why symptoms usually do not appear until the swimmer dries, or takes a freshwater shower, without removing the affected clothing.

## Treatment

Treatment is symptomatic, with most affected using a topical anti-itch cream (diphenhydramine) and a cortisone solution (hydrocortisone).

## Incidence

Seabather's eruption is common throughout the range of Linuche unguiculata in the Caribbean, Florida, Mexico, and Gulf States. Cases were first identified in Brazil in 2001. The closely related Linuche aquila, found anywhere between Malaysia, the Philippines and the east coast of Africa, is also known to cause the condition.
Swimmers in Queensland, Australia, have reported seabather's eruption during the summer months of the year. Swimmers at the east-coast beaches of Auckland and the rest of the Hauraki Gulf in New Zealand can develop seabather's eruption, typically during summer.
# Seasoned Wood

Seasoned Wood is an album by pianist Cedar Walton which was recorded in 2008 and released on the Highnote label.

## Reception

Allmusic reviewed the album stating "At 74, Walton is as promising and as dizzying a bandleader as ever. His command of the hard bop and post-bop languages and his abilities to reinterpret well-known standards authoritatively are all remarkable... In sum, Seasoned Wood is a true and exceptional highlight in Walton's career". All About Jazz observed "The title Seasoned Wood may successfully riff on the artist's name and the artistry he brings to the occasion, but as anyone with a fireplace knows, seasoned wood burns hotter and better than regular wood. Indeed, Cedar Walton does so here". JazzTimes called it "primarily a take-no-prisoners quintet date".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| All About Jazz | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Cedar Walton except as indicated
* "The Man I Love" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 6:24
* "Clockwise" - 7:17
* "Longravity" (Jimmy Heath) - 5:58
* "When Love Is New" - 6:04
* "Hindsight" - 7:13
* "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" (Eric Maschwitz, Manning Sherwin) - 5:39
* "Plexus" - 6:02
* "John's Blues" - 7:12

## Personnel

* Cedar Walton - piano
* Jeremy Pelt - trumpet, flugelhorn
* Vincent Herring - tenor saxophone
* Peter Washington - bass
* Al Foster - drums

### Production

* Don Sickler - producer
* Rudy Van Gelder - engineer
# Sebastiania howardiana

Sebastiania howardiana is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.
# Hastina

Hastina is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

## Species

* Hastina caeruleolineata Moore, 1888
* Hastina pluristrigata (Moore, 1868)
* Hastina subfalcaria (Christoph, 1881)
# Hastina caeruleolineata

Hastina caeruleolineata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Frederic Moore in 1888. It is found in Myanmar, China and India.
# Juan Manuel Fuentes (cyclist)

Juan Manuel Fuentes Angullo (born 7 April 1977) is a Spanish former cyclist who competed professionally from 2002 to 2005.

## Major results
### 1999

    1st Overall Cinturón a Mallorca

### 2003

    1st GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
    1st GP Llodio
    9th Giro di Toscana

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | 79 | 121 | 81 | 55 |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Yang Yanyong

Yang Yanyong (born May 5, 1994) is a Chinese baseball outfielder and pitcher who plays with the Shanghai Golden Eagles in the China Baseball League and represented China at the 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2017 World Baseball Classic and 2018 Asian Games.
# Yaru, Pakistan

Yaru is a town in Balochistan province, Pakistan.
# Yania Tierra

Yania Tierra is a Spanish language documentary poem written by Aída Cartagena Portalatín and published in 1981 as Yania Tierra: Poema Documento (Yania Tierra: Document Poem). It traces the history of the Dominican Republic, beginning with the time of Columbus, using Yania Tierra as a viewpoint character. There is also a bilingual version of the poem.
# Brownston

Brownston is a hamlet in Devon, England. It is located within Modbury Parish.
Its church (dedicated to St John the Baptist) is now a private home and was built in 1844. There is also a converted Wesleyan chapel. Several of the farmhouses in Brownston are grade II listed. It also has a converted school and forge and was a busier place when the road through Brownston was a main route for people travelling from the South Hams area to Plymouth during the gold rush days. Brownston Cross was renamed California Cross at this time.
vtePlaces adjacent to Brownston :
Brownston
Moreleigh :
# Jovesa

Jovesa is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:
* Jovesa Naivalu (born 1978), Fiji-American athlete
* Jovesa Sovasova (1942–2005), Fijian chief
* Jovesa Vocea (fl. 2015), Fijian politician
# Second Revenue Act of 1940

The United States Second Revenue Act of 1940 created a corporate excess profits tax (top rate 50%) and increased corporate tax rates (top rate from 33% to 35%).

## Tax on corporations
### Normal tax

A Normal Tax was levied on the net income of corporations as shown in the following table.
Second Revenue Act of 1940 Normal Tax on Corporations
53 Stat. 974 :
| Net Income (dollars) | Rate (percent) |
| 0 | 22.1 |
| 25,000 | 35 |

### Excess Profits Tax

A Excess Profits Tax was levied on the excess profits net income (i.e., net income less allowances and exemptions) of corporations as shown in the following table.
Second Revenue Act of 1940 Excess Profits Tax on Corporations
53 Stat. 975 :
| Adjusted Excess Profits Net Income (dollars) | Rate (percent) |
| 0 | 25 |
| 25,000 | 33 |
| 50,000 | 35 |
| 100,000 | 40 |
| 250,000 | 45 |
| 500,000 | 50 |
* An exemption of $5,000 is allowed, and also an "excess profits credit" and "unused excess profits credit."
# Elio Cruz

Elio Cruz (1931 – 14 June 2019) was a Gibraltarian playwright, who composed both in English and in Llanito. Cruz co-founded the Theatre Group 56 with Luis Azzopardi and Cecil Gomez. Cruz penned two of the most successful plays staged in Gibraltar: La Lola se va pa Londre and Connie con cama camera en el comedor, both in the 1960s.
Cruz died on 14 June 2019 at the age of 87.

## Plays

* La Lola se va pa Londre (1966): comedy in two parts and seven acts
* Connie con cama camera en el comedor (1969): comedy in two parts and ten acts
* Cuando la Lola regrese de Londres