OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ippolit Dioumoulen

Ippolit Ippolitovich Dioumoulen (Russian: Ипполи́т Ипполи́тович Дюмуле́н, 12 May 1927 – 26 September 2016) was a Soviet and Russian international economist, developer of Russian foreign trade policy and the Customs Union legislation, a key figure in the negotiations for Russia's accession to the WTO. Adviser for Economic Policy, Budget and Finance for the Russian Parliament.
For his research in international economic relations he was awarded the title of Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation.

## Biography

Ippolit Dioumoulen was born on 12 May 1927. He graduated from high school in Moscow in 1944.
In 1949 he graduated with honours from the USSR Institute of Foreign Trade, where he completed his thesis.
After the unification of IWT and MGIMO he worked as a professor and deputy dean of the Faculty of MGIMO International Economic Relations (1964 to 1975). With his participation, methodical foundations for teaching courses on international trade and international economic relations were developed and textbooks and study materials were produced. His research and teaching activities closely related to the practical work at the USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade were appraised with the USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade insignia.
From 1975 to 1987 he worked at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD, Geneva, Switzerland). From 1984 to 1987 he was head of external relations at UNCTAD. Prolonged diplomatic work in this organization allowed him to participate as a representative of UNCTAD in international negotiations, the Tokyo Round and the Uruguay Round, out of which the World Trade Organisation was born.
From 1982 to 1984 he worked as head of the international economic organizations sector for IMEMO at the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Since 1988 he was a professor at ETTA.
Dioumoulen developed the official position of the USSR and then Russia in relation to the GATT and the WTO; participated in negotiations to determine the conditions of Russia's accession to the WTO. As a leading expert of the State Duma and the RSPP he advised the Government on the trade policy and foreign trade legislation.
In the 2000s he developed the Russian Federation foreign trade legislation (customs Code, countervailing legislation, anti-dumping and safeguard measures, state regulations on foreign trade activities, etc.). He was an author of a large number of books, articles and analytical studies on international trade, Russian Federation foreign trade and WTO issues.
In 2006, he was awarded an Honorary Diploma by the Government of the Russian Federation for scientific work and training.
He was buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery in Moscow in the Dioumoulen ancestral grave on 28 September 2016.
# Bythiospeum klemmi

Bythiospeum klemmi is a species of small brackish water snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Moitessieriidae.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to France.
# Erna E. Wetzel

Erna E. Wetzel, also known by the stage name of Patricia Saubert-Wetzel; (October 11, 1899 – March 17, 1992) was an American painter. Her work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Cecilia Bannerman

Cecilia Bannerman is a Ghanaian politician and a former Minister of State. She served as the sector minister for Manpower Development and Employment from 2001 to 2003 and Minister of Mines between 2003 and 2005. In 2009 she was appointed to serve as a member of the Council of State.
# Espaubourg

Espaubourg (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Carpenter Special

The Carpenter Special, also called Little Dea Dea, is an early homebuilt biplane design.

## Design and development

The Carpenter Special was a custom homebuilt design from Wilbur Staib, built for M. Carpenter in Joplin, Missouri in 1933.
The Carpenter Special is an open cockpit biplane with conventional landing gear. The fuselage is made of welded steel tube and the wings use wooden spars and wing ribs, all with fabric covering. The aircraft was built with a Continental A-50 powerplant, but was re-engined in 1949 with a 125 hp (93 kW) Warner Scarab, then with a Continental C-85 engine of 85 hp (63 kW).

## Specifications (Carpenter Special)

Data from Experimenter
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m)
* Upper wingspan: 21 ft (6.4 m)
* Lower wingspan: 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)
* Height: 7 ft 10 in (2.39 m)
* Airfoil: Clark Y
* Fuel capacity: 24 US gal (91 L; 20 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Continental C85-12 horizontally-opposed piston aircraft engine, 85 hp (63 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 96 kn (110 mph, 180 km/h)
* Cruise speed: 87 kn (100 mph, 160 km/h)
* Stall speed: 56 kn (65 mph, 105 km/h)
* Range: 282 nmi (324 mi, 521 km)
# Ring 3 (Oslo)

Norwegian National Road 150, also known as Ring 3 and formerly Store Ringvei is a beltway limited-access road which circumnavigates Oslo, Norway. It runs from Ryen, through the Sinsen Interchange to Lysaker in Bærum.

## History

The Sinsen Interchange, where Ring 3 meets Trondheimsveien was opened in 1962. The increase in traffic was greater than the capacity of the junction, and thus a bridge was constructed that redirected Trondheimsveien above the roundabout.
Further restructuring was done in 1992, when the Sinsen Line of the Oslo Tramway was redirected outside of the interchange, and in 1994, when National Road 150 was directed below the roundabout. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration plans to connect the Løren Tunnel, a tunnel over National Road 150, with the Sinsen Interchange in summer 2013.
The highway is subdivided into parts with separate names (from Ryen to Lysaker):
* Adolf Hedins vei
* Hjalmar Brantings vei
* Dag Hammarskjølds vei
* Storoveien
* Rolf Wickstrøms vei
* Tåsentunnelen
* Kaj Munks vei
* Torgny Segerstedts vei
* Viggo Hansteens vei
* Ullernchausséen
* Granfoss Tunnel (Snarøyveien)
# Williamson House

Williamson House may refer to:
* James Spullock Williamson House, Sandy Ridge, AL, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Williamson House (Little Rock, Arkansas), NRHP-listed
* Williamson-Maley-Turner Farm, Jefferson, GA, listed on the NRHP in Georgia
* Williamson House (Monroe, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
* A. J. Williamson House, Hilo, HI, listed on the NRHP in Hawaii
* Roy Williamson House, Edwardsville, KS, listed on the NRHP in Kansas
* Williamson–Russell–Rahilly House, Lake City, MN, listed on the NRHP in Minnesota
* Williamson House (Goshen, New Hampshire), listed on the NRHP in New Hampshire
* Williamson House (Louisburg, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
* Elmwood (Grafton, North Dakota), NRHP-listed, also known as Williamson House
* Mrs. B.F. Williamson House, Darlington, SC, listed on the NRHP in South Carolina
* Thomas Williamson House, Eagleville, TN, listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
* E. D. Williamson House, Abilene, TX, listed on the NRHP in Texas
# Çakırkoç, Posof

Çakırkoç is a village in the Posof District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 23 (2021).
# Ramu kaka (character)

Ramu kaka (Hindi: रामू काका), is a character type of Hindi literature and media. Similar to commedia dell'arte's Zanni, Ramu kaka is a servant. The Ramu kaka comes from the countryside and is a live-in manservant.

## Origin of the name

"Ramu" is a diminutive for "Ram", a common first name or partial first name in the Hindi heartland countryside, whence Ramu hails. "Kaka" literally means "uncle" and is a nod to the character's age and familiarity with the family.

## Characteristics

Ramu kaka is an aging, loyal, genial, live-in servant, fulfilling the roles of a butler and a valet. Often Ramu kaka has been with the family for decades, and occasionally generations.
# Bythiospeum noricum

Bythiospeum noricum is a species of very small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Moitessieriidae.
This species is endemic to Austria.
# Clement Springer

Clement Springer is a Saint Lucian folk musician and folklorist, leader of a group called The Helenites. He is also a leader of the Saint Lucia Cultural Organization.
# España, la primera globalización

España, la primera globalización (Spain, the first globalization) is a Spanish historical documentary film. It was directed by José Luis López-Linares and released in 2021. It was followed by a related work, Hispanoamérica, canto de vida y esperanza, in 2024.

## Contents

The documentary stated goal is to debunk the purported "Spanish Black Legend" and to portray little known aspects of the Spanish Empire. It features the presence of 39 historians, such as John Elliott, María Ángeles Pérez Samper, Ricardo García Cárcel, Ramón Tamames, Nigel Townson, Marcelo Gullo [es], Carmen Iglesias, Elvira Roca Barea and Carlos Martínez Shaw. Next to historians, also geneticist Maarten Larmuseau and museum conservator Gijs van der Ham were interviewed.

## People interviewed

* Ferran Adrià
* Ana María Carabias Torres
* Jaime Contreras
* Natalia Denisova
* Carlos Enrique Díaz Urbina
* John Elliott
* Catalina Font
* Antonio García Abasolo
* Rubén García Benito
* Ricardo García Cárcel
* Fernando García de Cortázar
* Manuel Gómez Lara
* Ignacio Gómez de Liaño
* Alfonso Guerra
* Marcelo Gullo
* Gijs van der Ham
* Abigail R. Horro
* Luo Huiling
* Carmen Iglesias
* Pedro Insúa
* Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada
* Maarten Larmuseau
* Patricio Lons
* Carlos Adrián López Ramos
* Manuel Lucena Giraldo
* Carlos Martínez Shaw
* Juan José Morales
* José María Moreno Martín
* Stanley G. Payne
* María Ángeles Pérez Samper
* Alicia Relinque
* Juan Carlos Rey
* Luis Ribot
* Martín Ríos Saloma
* Elvira Roca Barea
* Adelaida Sagarra Gamazo
* Blas Sierra de la Calle
* Ramón Tamames
* Nigel Townson
* Ricardo Andrés Uribe Parra
* Enriqueta Vila Vilar

## Production

The project had a budget of €210.000, of which €96.160 (46%) were raised through an Internet crowdfunding campaign.

## Reception

España, la primera globalización became the most watched Spanish documentary in 2021, grossing €297.000 at the box office.
# Carpenter School

Carpenter School may refer to:

## in Canada

in the United States (by city then state)
* Carpenter School No. 1, in Natchez, Mississippi, one of two Carpenter Schools
* Carpenter School No. 2, in Natchez, Mississippi, second of two Carpenter Schools
* Carpenter Middle School (Plano, Texas)
* Carpenter High School (Carpenter, Wyoming)
# Ring 5

Ring 5 may refer to:
* Ring 5 (ring of Uranus)
* Ring 5 (Copenhagen), a proposed ring road in Denmark
# William Treloar

William Treloar may refer to:
* William M. Treloar (1850–1935), American music professor, composer, and U.S. Congressman
* Sir William Treloar, 1st Baronet (1843–1923), Lord Mayor of London in 1906
* A character in the 1966 British children's book, The Richleighs of Tantamount
# Brightside (Viva Saturn album)

Brightside is an album by the American band Viva Saturn, released in 1995. It was the band's final album, as Restless Records chose not to release 1998's Ships of Heaven.

## Production

The album was produced by Matt Piucci and Steven Roback, former bandmates in the Rain Parade. It closes with a cover of "One for My Baby", a song made popular by Frank Sinatra; the cover first appeared on the Sinatra tribute album, Chairman of the Board: Interpretations of Songs Made Famous by Frank Sinatra. Roback wrote or cowrote nine of the 11 songs.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Province | |
Trouser Press thought that "the somber 'String Me Out a Line' conveys aching loneliness with haunting clarity, its gentle acoustic instrumentation and quiet vocal harmonies making it Brightside's most memorable track." Stereo Review called the album "a well-crafted slice of retro-psychedelic pop-rock." The Stafford Post noted the "road-friendly rockers" and "drowsy psychedelia."
The Province opined that, "as Piucci and Roback were members of Rain Parade, a major player in L.A.'s Paisley Underground scene of the mid-'80s, Viva Saturn could also be seen by both as a chance to resolve some unfinished aspects of their past... Unfortunately, Brightside, while attractive, is less substantial than any of their other projects." Billboard concluded that Piucci "is especially impressive; his stint backing Neil Young in Crazy Horse is noticeable in his taut, laconic lead work."
AllMusic wrote that "Roback's detached, nasal twang blends nicely into an atmospheric backdrop of textured guitars, piano accents and feedback." The Rough Guide to Rock determined that the album "continued [the Rain Parade's] journey, rediscovering the plaintive melodicism mislaid in their 1988 comeback."
# Bythiospeum quenstedti

Bythiospeum quenstedti is a species of very small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Moitessieriidae.
This species is endemic to Germany.
# Erik Penser

Nils Wilhelm Erik Penser (born August 22, 1942) is a Swedish financier and businessman.
Penser was born in Eslöv, Sweden, the son of Wilhelm Penser, a lawyer, and Elisabeth (née Herrmann). After having studied law at Lund University, Erik Penser commenced a career as a stockbroker at Bankirfirman Langenskiöld, which later became Carnegie Investment Bank. Together with Tomas Fischer he worked intensively to develop the firm's business, laying the foundation for his private wealth. Penser's strategy was risky; he bought shares, used them as collateral and borrowed even more money to leverage his holdings. Eventually he gained the controlling interest of several large companies on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.
During the 1980s Penser was one of Sweden's most influential businessmen. Through his holding company, Yggdrasil, he controlled both Nobel Industrier and Finans AB Gamlestaden. His massive financial leverage and the harsh business environment experienced during the Swedish banking crisis in 1990–1994 forced Penser to cease control of his holdings, which were sold to Nordbanken (which became Nordea) for the symbolic sum of SEK 1 each. At a press conference Björn Wahlström, the chairman of Nordbanken, said that Erik Penser was 'destitute and finished as a businessman'. The transaction resulted in a prolonged legal dispute between Penser and Nordbanken.
In 1992 Penser regained control of Yggdrasil, the consideration was once again SEK 1. The vice Chairman of Nordbanken, Jacob Palmstierna, admitted that Penser had been under extreme pressure when he was forced to sign the agreement with Nordbanken. Since then Penser has rebuilt an estimated net worth of SEK 1 billion, with interests in both Sweden and abroad. In Sweden, his main holdings includes Erik Penser Bankaktiebolag, with activities in corporate finance, trading, research and private wealth management and Pensum, an insurance and pension advisory firm. Erik Penser resides, since 1976, in Compton Beauchamp, England.
Erik Penser is known as a distinguished collector, collecting – amongst many objects – old share certificates, film posters, magazines and bank notes.
# Cattleya schroederae

Cattleya schroederae is a species of orchid. C. schroederae is named after Baroness Schroeder, wife of Sir John Schroder, see de:John Henry Schröder. It is a Colombian unifoliate Cattleya species. Flowers are to 9" (22.5 cm) across, strongly fragrant. C. shroederae blooms in spring from a sheath that has formed before the winter dormancy. As it blooms around Easter in Northern hemisphere, it is often referred to as "Easter orchid", a name it shares with Cattleya mossiae.
# Kef Lakhdar

Kef Lakhdar is a town and commune in Médéa Province, Algeria.
# Colin Mair

Colin James Robertson Mair (21 December 1919, Edinburgh – 11 December 2006, Wishaw) was a Scottish educator, and rector of the Glasgow private school Kelvinside Academy.
Educated at the Edinburgh Academy, Mair studied classics at the University of Edinburgh, where he graduated with honours in 1946. His studies were interrupted by World War II, during which he served as an instructor with the East Lancashire Regiment. After this, he returned to teach at the Edinburgh Academy, before taking up the position of rector at Kelvinside in 1958, a post he held until 1980. During his tenure he greatly improved the Academy's performance, in the academic field as well as in sports. After his retirement he worked as a chairman of The Frank Buttle Trust, a charity for deprived children.
Mair was married twice, first to Catherine Finlay and later to Susanne Clark. He had a son and a daughter from his first marriage; his son Colin was rector of The High School of Glasgow and his daughter, Anne, was headmistress of Kelvinside Academy Junior School.
# Ridleyella

Ridleyella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. The sole species is Ridleyella paniculata, which is endemic to New Guinea.
The genus name of Ridleyella is in honour of Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956), an English botanist, geologist and naturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore. He was instrumental in promoting rubber trees in the Malay Peninsula. The Latin specific epithet of paniculata is derived from paniculatus meaning panicled (a much-branched inflorescence). Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. Vol.1 on page 948–949 in 1913.
# Clarias nigricans

Clarias nigricans is a species of clariid catfish. It is only known from the Mahakam River in eastern Borneo. The eel-like catfish of this region were long assumed to belong to the widespread species Clarias nieuhofii but examination of 6 specimens purchased from a fish market in Samarinda in 1999 and preserved specimens from the same location revealed consistent and distinctive differences indicating a separate species.
This is an elongated catfish up to 30.8 cm (12.1 inches) standard length. Compared to C. nieuhofii it has a "neck" distinctly narrower than the head, giving the head an egg-shaped appearance when viewed from above or below and the overall colour is much darker: purplish grey with much fainter white spots arranged in one row below the lateral line instead of two. It is a omnivore.
# Burlington, Newfoundland and Labrador

Burlington is an incorporated town in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is a small fishing and lumbering community on Route 413 at the north side of the mouth of Green Bay. Burlington is located approximately 40 km from Baie Verte.

## History

Burlington was once named Northwest Arm, and was permanently settled in the mid-19th century. The community was renamed in the early part of 1915 due to a mix-up in the mail service. After many residents complained that their mail was sent to another community with a similar name, the town leaders felt the need to have a name change. Out of three separate entries, 'Burlington' was chosen.
There was no large industry in the 19th century. The early settlers fished for cod and cleared land to grow potatoes, cabbage and small fruits. Keeping animals provided meat for the winter and milk and butter in season. Settlers built their own boats for fishing in Labrador, or they were employed by the inshore fishery. When mines opened at both Bett's Cove and Tilt Cove, some of the Burlington men went to both communities for work.
Logging pitprops for the United Kingdom were started in 1915 by a contractor named John Jennings. This industry was closed in 1918 when the sale of pitprops ended. Lumber camps opened in 1920, but closed during the Depression of the 1930s. In 1935, the Thistle family started cutting export wood. They remained a major economic force in Burlington for approximately 30 years. Camps later opened for the cutting of pulpwood and continued for about ten years. In 1969 pulpwood was again the main industry, shipped out by truck from Burlington.

## Language

According to the 2021 census, 100% of Burlington's population speaks English, with the census also stating that 100% of the population only know how to speak English. Burlington and surrounding area has a distinct dialect that is still heard by many today, because of its English and Irish heritage.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Burlington had a population of 304 living in 119 of its 135 total private dwellings, a change of -3.2% from its 2016 population of 314. With a land area of 4.09 km$^2$ (1.58 sq mi), it had a population density of 74.3/km$^2$ (192.5/sq mi) in 2021.

## Notable residents

* Rex Goudie
* Shaun Majumder

## Towns and communities nearby

* Middle Arm
* Smith's Harbour
* Baie Verte
* Springdale
* Kings Island
# Rapala suffusa

Rapala suffusa, the suffused flash, is a lycaenid or blue butterfly found in Myanmar, northern India, Assam, Thailand, Indochina and Palawan. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1878.

## Subspecies

* R. s. suffusa northern India, Assam, Thailand, Indochina
* R. s. laima H. H. Druce, 1895 Borneo
* R. s. praxeas Fruhstorfer, 1914 Java
* R. s. catulus Fruhstorfer, 1912 Nias
* R. s. barthema (Distant, 1885)
* R. s. anabasis (Staudinger, 1889) Palawan
# Shairp

Shairp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christian Fraser-Tytler (née Shairp; 1897–1995), Scottish military officer
* James Shairp (died 1795), British Marines officer and member of the First Fleet to Australia
* John Campbell Shairp (1819–1885), Scottish critic and man of letters
* Mordaunt Shairp (1887–1939), English dramatist and screenwriter
# Robert MacCrate

Robert MacCrate (July 18, 1921 – April 6, 2016) was an American lawyer who served as counsel to New York Governor Nelson D. Rockefeller and as Special Counsel to the Department of the Army for its investigation of the My Lai Massacre. In the late 1980s, MacCrate served as president of both the New York State Bar Association and the American Bar Association ("ABA"). MacCrate later chaired the ABA Task Force on Law Schools and the Profession. The Task Force's Report, widely known as the MacCrate Report, was issued in July 1992. MacCrate was a partner and vice chairman of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP. Although retired from active practice, MacCrate continued to serve on many boards and was active as a Senior Counsel of Sullivan & Cromwell until his death in 2016.
Robert MacCrate's father, John MacCrate, served in the U.S. House of Representatives before serving as a justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.

## The MacCrate Report

With the backing of the ABA Task Force on Law Schools and the Profession, the MacCrate Report criticized the state of American legal education and called for a practice-oriented, rather than theory-oriented, approach to legal education. Specifically, the MacCrate Report suggested mandatory externships with government agencies, judges, and pro bono legal assistance clinics. It also encouraged state Bar associations to alter Bar examinations to focus more on practice-oriented skills rather than rhetoric and legal maxims, "to ensure that applicants are ready to assume their responsibilities in practice." While the MacCrate Report is widely viewed as the template for modern legal education in the United States, many traditional and high-ranking law schools have yet to adopt many of its recommendations. Because of this resistance to practice-oriented legal education, many have called into question the existing law school ranking system, generated entirely by U.S. News & World Report, and criticized it as being outdated and reflecting American upper class paradigms rather than an ability to produce competent attorneys. This resistance has only added to the continually increasing criticism and mistrust of the law school ranking system.

## Education

MacCrate was a 1939 graduate of Brooklyn Friends School, a 1943 graduate of Haverford College, and a 1948 graduate of the Harvard Law School. He received honorary doctorates from Union College in 1986, Haverford College in 1987, Dickinson College in 1987, William Mitchell in 1994, Quinnipiac Law School in 1995, CUNY School of Law, and University of South Carolina in 2004.

## Death

MacCrate died aged 94 on 6 April 2016 at his home in Plandome, New York.