OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spike Moss (activist)

Harry "Spike" Moss is a community activist in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He has organized against police brutality and "Minnesota racism". The Associated Press state that he is a "civil rights leader"; Moss describes himself as a "freedom fighter".

## Life and activism

Moss was born in Paris, Missouri, and was raised in the "Jim Crow South".
Along with Mahmoud El-Kati and Verlena Matey-Keke, Moss helped co-found The Way, a non-profit community center for Black youth. Moss ran the recreation department, organizing activities for youth living in Northside Minneapolis. Moss was the final director of The Way when it closed in 1984. The Way founders saw themselves as part of the Black Power movement.
In 1992, Moss helped form United For Peace, which brought gang members together with the Minneapolis Police Department in an effort to decrease gang violence. The program was ended after the killing of MPD officer Jerry Haaf by members of the Vice Lords gang.
Moss watched the verdict for the Derek Chauvin trial with George Floyd's family, saying "we finally won one."
# Chagi

The Chagis or Tyagis were a medieval Telugu clan in Andhra, that ruled between 1100 AD-1477 CE. They ruled the Natavadi and Vijayavati vishayas, with capitals at Vijayawada, Gudimetta and Vinukonda, for nearly three and a half centuries. They owed allegiance to the Chalukya-Cholas, the Kakatiyas and the Gajapatis respectively. The Chagi records trace their ancestry to legendary chieftain of ancient Andhra, Durjaya. Muppa I is the earliest known person in the Chagi family. Dora I, PotaI, Dora II, Pota II, Ganapaya, Dora III, Manuma Pota and Manuma Ganapaya ruled this dynasty.
The relation between the Chagis of Vinukonda and Gudimettla is not known. But the Chagis of Vinukonda bore the suffix 'Nayaka' or 'Nayudu' in their personal names. Annama Nayaka, Gannama Nayaka and Komma Nayaka are the important chiefs mentioned in the records of the Chagis of Vinukonda. It shows that this branch of the Chagis might have been the army officers or they held some superior position as heads of certain principalities.
# Robert Beverley (MP)

Robert Beverley was one of two members of parliament for the rotten borough of Mitchell, Cornwall, during the first parliament of 1553.
# C20H27NO3

The molecular formula C$_{20}$H$_{27}$NO$_3$ (molar mass: 329.433 g/mol) may refer to:
* A-77636, a selective dopamine receptor D$_1$ agonist
* 2C-E-NBOMe, a designer drug
* 25G-NBOMe
* Trilostane, an inhibitor of 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome
# Conotrachelus seniculus

Conotrachelus seniculus, the amaranth weevil, is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# South Wayne Historic District

South Wayne Historic District may refer to:
* South Wayne Historic District (Fort Wayne, Indiana), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Allen County, Indiana
* South Wayne Historic District (Wayne, Pennsylvania), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County, Pennsylvania
# Edmund Nugent

Edmund Nugent, O.S.A. (died 1550) was an Irish bishop of the Church of Ireland.
Nugent was the last Prior of Tristernagh Abbey. He was appointed bishop on 22 January 1530, but continued to hold the abbey in commendam until he surrendered it to King Henry VIII in 1536 and accepted royal supremacy. He was deprived of the Roman Catholic see by Pope Paul III in 1540, but continued as the Church of Ireland bishop until his death in 1550.
# Duke of York Island (Antarctica)

Duke of York Island is a mountainous ice-free island, 2.5 miles (4 km) long, lying in the southern part of Robertson Bay, Antarctica, along the northern coast of Victoria Land. It was first charted in 1899 by the British Antarctic Expedition, under Carsten Borchgrevink, who named it for the then Duke of York, later George V. This island lies situated within the borders known as the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.

## Important Bird Area

A 680 ha site comprising the whole island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of Adélie penguins, with an estimate of some 16,000 breeding pairs based on 2011 satellite imagery. Snow petrels are also reported to breed on the island.
# Finitary

In mathematics and logic, an operation is finitary if it has finite arity, i.e. if it has a finite number of input values. Similarly, an infinitary operation is one with an infinite number of input values.
In standard mathematics, an operation is finitary by definition. Therefore, these terms are usually only used in the context of infinitary logic.

## Finitary argument

A finitary argument is one which can be translated into a finite set of symbolic propositions starting from a finite set of axioms. In other words, it is a proof (including all assumptions) that can be written on a large enough sheet of paper.
By contrast, infinitary logic studies logics that allow infinitely long statements and proofs. In such a logic, one can regard the existential quantifier, for instance, as derived from an infinitary disjunction.

## History

Logicians in the early 20th century aimed to solve the problem of foundations, such as, "What is the true base of mathematics?" The program was to be able to rewrite all mathematics using an entirely syntactical language without semantics. In the words of David Hilbert (referring to geometry), "it does not matter if we call the things chairs, tables and beer mugs or points, lines and planes."
The stress on finiteness came from the idea that human mathematical thought is based on a finite number of principles and all the reasonings follow essentially one rule: the modus ponens. The project was to fix a finite number of symbols (essentially the numerals 1, 2, 3, ... the letters of alphabet and some special symbols like "+", "⇒", "(", ")", etc.), give a finite number of propositions expressed in those symbols, which were to be taken as "foundations" (the axioms), and some rules of inference which would model the way humans make conclusions. From these, regardless of the semantic interpretation of the symbols the remaining theorems should follow formally using only the stated rules (which make mathematics look like a game with symbols more than a science) without the need to rely on ingenuity. The hope was to prove that from these axioms and rules all the theorems of mathematics could be deduced. That aim is known as logicism.
# Spisanelli

Spisanelli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giulio Spisanelli (died 1658), Italian painter
* Vincenzo Spisanelli (1595–1662), Italian painter, father of Giulio
# Consolidated Indemnity and Insurance Company

Consolidated Indemnity and Insurance Company was a Hartford, Connecticut-based firm which became insolvent during the Great Depression. The corporation is important because it employed executives who were formerly directors of significant business concerns of New York City, in the early 1930s and before. Consolidated Indemnity and Insurance Company was organized in October 1928 with a capital of $2,500,000 and a surplus of $7,300,000. Among its fifteen directors were Saul Singer, vice-president of the New York Bank of the United States and C. Stanley Mitchell, president of the Central Mercantile Trust Company. Its president was John F. Gilchrist, chairman of the Tate Transit Commission. Gilchrist was a close personal and boyhood friend of Alfred E. Smith.
The insurance firm opened division offices in Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia in August 1929.
In July 1931 a suit was initiated by New York State against Consolidated Indemnity to recover $600,000 on a bond guaranteeing the state deposits in the insolvent New York Bank of the United States. Following a decision of the Appellate Division of the Third Department, the trial proceeded to the New York State Supreme Court in Albany, New York.
The business merged with the Transportation Indemnity Co. of New York in May 1932. Capital of the combined corporations was $800,000.
Liquidation of Consolidated Indemnity was carried out by the New York State Insurance Department in 1934. The business tried unsuccessfully to obtain a loan from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. At the time of its failure the company possessed a total of $33,231 free cash and a debt amounting to $400,000.
# Robert Cushman (disambiguation)

Robert Cushman (1578–1625) was an important leader and organiser of the Mayflower voyage in 1620.
Robert Cushman may also refer to:
* Robert Cushman (curator) (1946–2009), photography curator
* Robert E. Cushman Jr. (1914–1985), U.S. Marine Corps general
* Robert H. Cushman (1924–1996), engineering journalist
* R. A. Cushman (Robert Asa Cushman, 1880–1957), American entomologist
# Butch Norman

Haywood Eugene "Butch" Norman (born August 23, 1952) is an American-born Canadian football player who played professionally for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.
# Cava d'Ispica

Cava d'Ispica (English: Cave of Ispica) is a nature reserve and archaeological site located in-between the towns of Modica and Ispica, in the southeastern part of Sicily, Italy.

## Description

The valley extends for about 13 km (8 mi) and is home to a variety of flora and fauna, as well as numerous caves, gorges, and rock formations that have been eroded by the river that runs through it.
The reserve also contains a number of important archaeological sites, as it was used as habitations and burial site since the 14th century BC.
# Chris Hakius

Christopher Louis Hakius (born December 14, 1971) is an American retired rock drummer best known for his work in Om and Sleep.
Around 1990, Hakius was in Asbestosdeath along with Al Cisneros and Matt Pike. Asbestosdeath broke up and the three would form Sleep. Hakius was Sleep's drummer from 1990 to its split in 1998. After Sleep's break up, he played drums in The Sabians with former Sleep member Justin Marler. They recorded two albums in 2002 and 2003.
Hakius played drums in Om from its beginning in 2003 until his departure on January 31, 2009. His final live performances were with Sleep in 2009 at the ATP reunion show. He has since retired from music to raise a family.

## Discography

* 1990 – Dejection (Asbestosdeath)
* 1990 – Unclean (Asbestosdeath)
* 1991 – Volume One (Sleep)
* 1992 – Volume Two (Sleep)
* 1993 – Sleep's Holy Mountain (Sleep)
* 1999 – Jerusalem (Sleep)
* 2002 – Beauty for Ashes (The Sabians)
* 2003 – Shiver (The Sabians)
* 2003 – Dopesmoker (Sleep)
* 2005 – Variations on a Theme (Om)
* 2006 – Conference of the Birds (Om)
* 2006 – Bedouin's Vigil (Om)
* 2006 – Rays of the Sun / To the Shrinebuilder (Om)
* 2007 – Pilgrimage (Om)
* 2008 – Live at Jerusalem (Om)
# Edmund Neville

Edmund Neville (before 1555 – in or after 1620), was an English courtier and peerage claimant, and possible conspirator. He was allegedly involved in Parry's Plot.

## Family

Edmund Neville, born before 1555, was the son of Richard Neville (d. 27 May 1590) of Penwyn and Wyke Sapie, Worcestershire, by Barbara Arden, the daughter of William Arden of Park Hall, Warwickshire. Edmund Neville's father, Richard Neville, was the son of William Neville, and the grandson of Richard Neville, 2nd Baron Latimer.

## Career

Neville lived for some time abroad, it was said in the Spanish service. About the beginning of 1584 he returned to England, claiming to be the heir male to John Neville, 4th Baron Latimer. Lord Burghley's son, Thomas Cecil, had married Dorothy Neville, one of the four daughters and co-heirs of the 4th Baron Latimer, and according to Archbold, 'hence was glad to take any opportunity of injuring Edmund'. He was suspected from the moment of his return. A merchant named Wright alleged that he had seen him at Rouen, and that while there he had lodged with the Nortons (see Richard Norton, rebel of the Pilgrimage of Grace). In 1584 Neville was concerned in William Parry's plot to kill the Queen; Parry seems to have been in communication with him. Neville was sent to the Tower of London, and in 1585 revealed the whole affair.
He remained long in theTower, though he made efforts to get out. In 1595 he brought a charge of treason against the lieutenant of the Tower. He was soon afterwards liberated, and probably went abroad. He claimed the earldom of Westmorland after the death of Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland, in 1601, possibly with some justification; but his petition was not heard.
Neville appears to have died some years before, in or after 1620 at Brussels, 'probably in poverty'. A monument to his memory was placed in the chancel of Eastham Church, Essex.

## Family

Neville married, first, Jane Martignis, dame de Colombe, a lady of Hainault, by whom he left no issue; secondly, Jane Smythe (died c.1646), daughter of Richard Smythe, member of a Warwickshire family, by whom he left a son, Ralph, and several daughters. His widow had, probably as a compensation for her husband's claims, a pension of £100 a year from James I.
# First North Americans

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#REDIRECT North America's Forgotten Past
# Khouzh

Khouzh (pronounced as khoxh in the local language) is a village located in Upper Chitral, a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The village is situated between the Koh Hindukush and Hindu Raj mountain ranges, with the Chitral River flowing along its borders. Khouzh is home to a diverse community of people who speak the local language of Khowar. Khouzh is located 130 km from Chitral town.It has surface elevation of 2408 meters.

## Population and people

Around 2000 people live in the village. The people speak the Chitrali language. The inhabitants settled there many centuries ago. Four major tribes live in the village: Khoshwaqt, Masholaye, Sheghniye, Syed, Qaziye. Apart from these tribes, a few people had migrated from Afghanistan, Mongolia, Molkhow, Pashk, Bang,.
# Spite (game theory)

In fair division problems, spite is a phenomenon that occurs when a player's value of an allocation decreases when one or more other players' valuation increases. Thus, other things being equal, a player exhibiting spite will prefer an allocation in which other players receive less than more (if more of the good is desirable).
In this language, spite is difficult to analyze because one has to assess two sets of preferences. For example, in the divide and choose method, a spiteful player would have to make a trade-off between depriving his opponent of cake, and getting more himself.
Within the field of sociobiology, spite is used to describe those social behaviors that have a negative impact on both the actor and recipient(s). Spite can be favored by kin selection when: (a) it leads to an indirect benefit to some third party that is sufficiently related to the actor (Wilsonian spite); or (b) when it is directed primarily at negatively related individuals (Hamiltonian spite). Negative relatedness occurs when two individuals are less related than average.

## In game theory

The iterated prisoner's dilemma provides an example where players may "punish" each other for failing to cooperate in previous rounds, even if doing so would cause negative consequences for both players. For example, the simple "tit for tat" strategy has been shown to be effective in round-robin tournaments of iterated prisoner's dilemma.

## In industrial relations

There is always difficulty in fairly dividing the proceeds of a business between the business owners and the employees.
When a trade union decides to call a strike, both employer and the union members lose money (and may damage the national economy). The unionists hope that the employer will give in to their demands before such losses have destroyed the business.
In the reverse direction, an employer may terminate the employment of certain productive workers who are agitating for higher wages or organising a trade union. Losing productive workers is a setback to both the business and the employees but this can serve as an example to others and thus maximise employer power.

## In behavioral ecology

Polyembryonic wasps, including C. floridanum, exhibit spite through instances of precocious larval development. Spite provides an explanation for how natural selection can favor harmful behaviors that are costly to both the actor and the recipient; spite is typically considered a form of altruism that benefits a secondary recipient. Two criteria demonstrate that spite is truly occurring: (i) the behavior is truly costly to the actor and does not provide a long-term direct benefit; and (ii) harming behaviors are directed toward relatively unrelated individuals.
# Church of St Martin, North Perrott

The Church of St Martin in North Perrott, Somerset, England, dates from the 12th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.
The current church which is near the River Parrett, was built on the site of an earlier church and including some of the fabric, in the 16th century, probably by Henry Daubeney, 1st Earl of Bridgewater.
The tower dates from the 12th century and contains six bells. The oldest was cast in 1786 by George Davis of Bridgwater. Four others were made by members of the Bilbie family in 1803.
The parish is part of the Wulfric benefice within the Crewkerne and Ilminster deanery.
# Jig (disambiguation)

A jig is a type of folk dance.
Jig or JIG may also refer to:

## Manufacturing

* Jig (tool), a device/frame used to control position or motion
* Jigs, various methods of gravity separation in a coal preparation plant

## Sports

* Jig, a fishing lure used in the jigging method of fishing (angling)
* "Jig", a nickname of Scottish footballer Lee McCulloch (born 1978)
* Jig, an unwanted anxious/restless on the spot trotting motion of a horse

## Entertainment

* Jig (film), a 2011 British documentary
* Jigs (band), a Swedish band
* Jig, a variant of the children's card game snip snap snorem
* Jay Is Games (J.I.G.), a game review website
* Jig, the goblin protagonist of several fantasy novels by Jim C. Hines
* Jig! was the name of a strategy game for the Newton MessagePad published by Dubl-Click Software in 1991.

## Slang

* Jig or Jigging, a verb for the act of truancy
* The Jig is up. Meaning a dishonest action that has been uncovered and will not be continued

## Other uses

* Gigue (French), or jig in English, a fast dance movement from the Baroque Suite
* George Cram Cook or Jig Cook (1873-1924), American theatre producer, director, playwright, novelist and poet
* Hurricane Jig (1951), in the Atlantic Ocean
* Jig, one of the sectors of Gold Beach during the World War II Normandy landings
* Jig, the phonetic for the letter J in the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet
* jig, ISO 639-3 code for the Jingulu language of Australia
# 1990 Virginia Slims of Nashville – Doubles

Manon Bollegraf and Meredith McGrath were the defending champions, but none competed this year. McGrath chose to compete at Oakland during the same week, winning the doubles title.
Kathy Jordan and Larisa Savchenko won the title by defeating Brenda Schultz and Caroline Vis 6–1, 6–2 in the final.

## Seeds

* Kathy Jordan / Larisa Savchenko (champions)
* Elise Burgin / Pam Shriver (first round)
* Nicole Bradtke / Elna Reinach (quarterfinals)
* Natalia Medvedeva / Leila Meskhi (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | K Jordan L Savchenko | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Ferrando B Fulco | 1 | 4 | 1 | K Jordan L Savchenko | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Adams J Hetherington | 6 | 6 | | K Adams J Hetherington | 6$^2$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Heidi Allsmiller Julie Walther | 2 | 0 | | | | | | 1 | K Jordan L Savchenko | 6 | 7$^9$ | | | | | |
| 4 | N Medvedeva L Meskhi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 4 | N Medvedeva L Meskhi | 1 | 6$^7$ | | | | | |
| | A Grossman S Stafford | 2 | 1 | 4 | N Medvedeva L Meskhi | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | S Sloane H Cioffi | 6$^5$ | 0 | | S Amiach E Pampoulova | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Amiach E Pampoulova | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | K Jordan L Savchenko | 6 | 6 |
| | E Brioukhovets J Richardson | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | B Schultz C Vis | 1 | 2 |
| | B Schultz C Vis | 6 | 6 | | B Schultz C Vis | 2 | 7$^{10}$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | H Kelesi R Reggi | 1 | 1 | 3 | N Provis E Reinach | 6 | 6$^8$ | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | N Provis E Reinach | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | B Schultz C Vis | 3 | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | |
| | S Collins T Whitlinger | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | S Collins T Whitlinger | 6 | 3 | 6$^3$ | | | | |
| | B Reinstadler S Wasserman | 4 | 1 | | S Collins T Whitlinger | 6 | 1 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Porwik E Smylie | 6 | 6 | | C Porwik E Smylie | 3 | 6 | 5 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | E Burgin P Shriver | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 1967–68 Duleep Trophy

The 1967–68 Duleep Trophy was the seventh season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.
South Zone won the final against West Zone on first innings lead.

## Results

| Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | West Zone | West Zone | FIL | | | |
| | | | North Zone | North Zone | | | | |
| North Zone | North Zone | FIL | North Zone | North Zone | | | | |
| East Zone | East Zone | | | | | | | |
| East Zone | East Zone | | | | | West Zone | West Zone | |
| | | | | | | South Zone | South Zone | FIL |
| | | | South Zone | South Zone | FIL | | | |
| | | | Central Zone | Central Zone | | | | |

### Final

* 28–31 November 1967 Scorecard
* Match drawn; South Zone won on first innings lead Brabourne Stadium, Bombay
* West Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
# Fiorini (disambiguation)

Fiorini may refer to:

## Places

* Fiorini, village in Croatia

## Surname

* Brayden Fiorini (born 1997), Australian rules footballer
* Chiara Fiorini (born 1956), Swiss painter and object artist
* Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti (1799–1879), Italian botanist
* Ettore Fiorini (1933–2023), Italian experimental particle physicist
* Frank Fiorini (1924-1993), one of the five Watergate burglars during the presidency of Richard Nixon
* Giovanni Andrea Fiorini (1716-1778), Italian classical composer, maestro di cappella and organist
* Giovanni Battista Fiorini, Italian painter of the late Renaissance period
* Giuseppe Fiorini (1861–1934), Italian luthier and violin maker
* Guido Fiorini (1897–1966), Italian engineer, architect and art director
* Gustavo Fiorini (1919-?), Italian professional football player
* Ippolito Fiorini (c. 1549–1621), Italian composer and lutenist, and the maestro di capella at the court of Alfonso II d'Este
* Lando Fiorini (1938–2017), Italian actor and singer
* Matteo Fiorini (born 1978), Sammarinese politician, Captain Regent from October 2011 to April 2012
* Olga Fiorini (1927–2022), Italian businesswoman and educator
* Pietro Fiorini (1539- 1629), Italian architect
* Raffaele Fiorini (1828–1898), Italian violin maker
* Silvia Fiorini (born 1969), Italian football midfielder