OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christian August Friedrich Peters

Christian August Friedrich Peters (7 September 1806 – 8 May 1880) was a German astronomer. He was the father of astronomer Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Peters. He was born in Hamburg and died in Kiel.
Peters was the son of a merchant and, although he did not attend secondary school regularly, he obtained a good knowledge of mathematics and astronomy. In 1826 he became assistant to Heinrich Christian Schumacher at Altona Observatory. Schumacher encouraged him to study astronomy and Peters did a PhD under Friedrich Bessel at the University of Königsberg. In 1834 he became an assistant at Hamburg Observatory and in 1839 joined the staff of Pulkovo Observatory. In 1849 he became professor of astronomy at Königsberg and soon after succeeded Bessel as director of the observatory there. In 1854 he became director of the Altona Observatory and editor of the Astronomische Nachrichten. Peters edited the journal for the rest of his life, being responsible for 58 volumes of the journal. In 1872 the observatory moved to Kiel and he moved there and continued in his post. In 1866, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Peters became a name in the literature on the theory of errors for his 1856 note on the estimation of precision using absolute deviations from the mean.
Peters won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1852.

## Works

* Numerus constans nutationis ex ascensionibus rectis stellae polaris in specula Dorpatensi annis 1822 ad 1838 observatis deductus. (1842)
* Resultate aus Beobachtungen des Polarsterns am Ertelschen Vertikalkreise. 1842
* Recherches sur la parallaxe des étoiles fixes. (1847)
* Über die eigene Bewegung des Sirius. Diese Schrift führte zur Entdeckung des Sirius-Begleiters. Astronomische Nachrichten, 32, (1851), 1-58.
* Über die Bestimmung des wahrscheinlichen Fehlers einer Beobachtung aus den Abweichungen der Beobachtungen von ihrem arithmetischen Mittel, Astronomische Nachrichten, 44, (1856). 29-32.
The articles Peters published in Astronomische Nachrichten are all available on-line.

## Biography

* H. C. Freiesleben Peters, Christian August Friedrich Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10, 542-3.
# Komjatná

Komjatná is a village and municipality in Ružomberok District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

## Etymology

Komňatná → Komjatná. "Something that has a relationship to the chamber" (Slovak komnata: a chamber), "the village with guest chambers".

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1330 (Komnathna).

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 634 metres and covers an area of 14.543 km$^2$. It has a population of about 1483 people.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bytca, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1710-1900 (parish A)
# Knut Heyerdahl-Larsen

Knut Heyerdahl-Larsen (11 October 1887 – 28 May 1969) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1910.
# Izumi, Fukui

Izumi (和泉村, Izumi-mura) was a village located in Ōno District, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 701 and a density of 2.11 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 332.38 km$^2$.
On November 7, 2005, Izumi was merged into the expanded city of Ōno.
# Zograf Longin

Zograf Longin is considered the most significant Serbian icon painter of the 16th century. He was also a translator and writer. He was first a layman and later a monk in the monasteries of Peć and Sopoćani. His workplace was the monastery Visoki Dečani where he worked from 1566 to 1598. His icons and frescoes in the monasteries of Peć, Visoki Dečani, Piva Monastery, Velika Hoča, Lovnica, and the village churches Crkolez and Sveti Nikola at Bijelo Polje are preserved.
Zograf Longin's ascetic style is strongly committed to lyrical role models. His characters are serious, drawn out and follow styles of Serbian painting of the 14th century.
His icons include the "Saint Sava and Simeon" at National Museum of Serbia, the "Stefan Uroš IV Dečanski" in the Visoki Dečani Monastery, and the "Our Lady with Christ" in the Lovnica Monastery, his most famous icon. The icon is painted on a gold ground with a harmonious choice of colors in green, blue, cinnabar, red and ocher. This icon was presented with compositions of Serbian masters of the Baroque as well as Paja Jovanović in the Serbian Pavilion at the World Exhibition in Paris 1900.
# Ivan Erazem Tatenbah

Ivan Erazem Tatenbah is a historical novel by Slovenian author Josip Jurčič. It was first published in 1873.
# Bunkie

Bunkie may refer to:
* Bunkie, Louisiana, a city in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States
** Bunkie station, an historic train station in Bunkie, Louisiana
* Semon "Bunkie" Knudsen (1912–1998), a prominent automobile executive
* Bunkie Blackburn (1936–2006), NASCAR racecar driver
* Bunkie board, mattress support for a bunk bed
# Bucyrus

Bucyrus may refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Bucyrus, Kansas
* Bucyrus, Missouri
* Bucyrus, North Dakota
* Bucyrus, Ohio
* Bucyrus Township (disambiguation)

## Other uses

* Bucyrus International, a mining and earth-moving equipment manufacturer, now owned by Caterpillar, Inc.
# Kokuhaku (Idoling!!! song)

Kokuhaku (告白, Confession) is the third single by Japanese idol group Idoling. It was released both as a normal edition and limited edition CD + DVD, containing special content and rare footage of the group. Track 3 is only available on the normal edition release. Kokuhaku was used as the theme song of the Microsoft Windows Vista "Vista School" campaign. Its highest charted Oricon position was #9. As of early 2009, it is the highest-selling single by Idoling.

## Track listings
### CD

* Kokuhaku (告白, Confession)
* Moteki no Uta ~season 2~ (モテ期のうた～season2～)
* Moteki no Uta ~season 1.5~ (モテ期のうた～season1.5～) (Bonus track)
* Kokuhaku (INST) (告白【INST】, Confession (Instrumental))

### DVD

* Special contents
# Zhuge Liang (disambiguation)

Zhuge Liang (181–234) was a statesman of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period.
Zhuge Liang, Chu-ko Liang or Chu-ke Liang may also refer to:
* Chu Ke-liang (1946–2017), a Taiwanese actor and comedian
* The Legendary Prime Minister – Zhuge Liang, Chinese title Zhuge Liang, a 1985 Hong Kong television series starring Adam Cheng
* Zhuge Liang (TV series), a 1985 Chinese television series starring Li Fazeng
# Budjala Territory

Budjala is a territory and a locality of Sud-Ubangi province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the northwestern part of the country, 900 km northeast of the capital Kinshasa.
In the surroundings around Budjala, mainly green-green deciduous forest grows. Around Budjala, it is quite sparsely populated, with 32 per square kilometre (83/sq mi). The region has a savanna climate. Annual average temperature in the funnel is 22 °C (72 °F). The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is 23 °C, and the coldest is October, with 22 °C. Average annual rainfall is 1,920 millimetres (76 in). The rainy month is August, with an average of 268 mm (10.6 in) rainfall, and the driest is January, with 22 mm (0.87 in) rainfall.

## Sectors

The territory of Budjala is divided into five sectors, in addition to the town of Budjala:
* Banza (capital Bango-Nzembe): 14 groupings of 92 villages
* Bolingo (capital Balaw): 19 groupings of 121 villages
* Ngombe Doko De Likimi (capital Likimi): 7 groupings of 76 villages
* Mongala-Kuma (capital Dongo): 12 groupings of 98 villages
* Ndolo Liboko (capital Likaw): 18 groupings of 88 villages
# Vincent Toi

Vincent Toi is a Mauritian-Canadian film director. He is most noted for his 2017 short film The Crying Conch, which was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2017; Toi also won the award for Most Promising Director of a Canadian Short Film at the 2017 Vancouver International Film Festival.
Originally from the village of Baie-du-Tombeau in Mauritius, Toi moved to Canada after being accepted into the York University and Sheridan College joint program in design in Toronto, and subsequently studied film at the Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema at Concordia University in Montreal. He has also directed the short films Frame, Paper Wings (Différence d'altitude) and Our Subject Is Hair, and the documentary film I've Seen the Unicorn.
His newest short film, Aniksha, premiered at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival, and was again named to the Canada's Top Ten list for 2020.
# Jean Borg

Jean Borg (born 8 January 1998) is a Maltese footballer who plays as a left back for Maltese Premier League club Sliema Wanderers and the Malta national team.

## Club career

He has played club football for Valletta.
On 20 January 2023, Borg signed with Fidelis Andria in the Italian third-tier Serie C.

## International career

He made his international debut for Malta in 2018.
# Jemal

Jemal, Djemal or Dzhemal (Georgian: ჯემალ, (Arabic: جمل) may refer to the following notable people:

## Given name

* Jemal Azmi (1868–1922), Ottoman politician
* Jemal Gokieli (1920–1991), Georgian conductor
* Jemal Gubaz (born 1968), football player from Abkhazia
* Jemal Inaishvili, the Deputy Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia
* Jemal Johnson (born 1985), American-English football player
* Dzhemal Kherhadze (1945–2019), Georgian football player and coach
* Jemal Kurshubadze (born 1997), Belarusian football player
* Jemal Gamakharia (born 1949), Georgian politician
* Dzhemal Kyzylatesh (born 1994), Turkish-born Ukrainian football midfielder
* Djemal Pasha (1872–1922), mayor of Istanbul
* Jemal Singleton (born 1975), American football coach
* Jemal Tabidze (born 1996), Georgian football player
* Jemal Zeinklishvili (1937–2011), Georgian football player
** Jemal Zeinklishvili Stadium, multi-use stadium in Borjomi, Georgia

## Surname

* Ahmedin Jemal, American cancer epidemiologist
* Ali Jemal (born 1990), Tunisian football goalkeeper
* Ammar Jemal (born 1987), Tunisian football player who, is playing for Etoile du Sahel
* Douglas Jemal (born 1942), American real estate developer
* Geydar Dzhemal (1947–2016), Russian Islamic public figure, activist, philosopher and poet
# Viktor Kolelishvili

Viktor (Vito) Kolelishvili (born 9 October 1989) is a Georgian rugby union player. His position is flanker, and he currently plays for Clermont Auvergne in the Top 14 and the Georgia national team. He played for Georgia in the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
Viktor Kolelishvili started his career in Tbilisi, with the club Lelo Tbilisi. He plays for the Lelo's first team in the Georgia Championship very young and impresses both in attack and defence. He is called up by the Georgia national team for the 2008 IRB Nations Cup and hold his first cap at only 18 years old against Italy A. In 2011, he moved to the French side ASM Clermont Auvergne and won the U23 championship. Few months later, he joins the Georgian squad to play the 2011 RWC and took part of games against Scotland and Argentina. He played his first Top 14 game in May 2012 against Castres. For the 2013-2014 season, he joined Lyon OU, loaned by Clermont. After an impressive season in Pro D2, he is back in Top14 with Clermont for the 2014-2015 season by suffered of an ACL injury and was out for the rest of the season.
His very rough playing style have led Kolelishvili to collect eight yellow cards in his international career, matched in this unenviable record only by the Australian Michael Hooper.
# Saint-Christaud

Saint-Christaud is the name of several communes in France:
* Saint-Christaud, Haute-Garonne in the Haute-Garonne department
* Saint-Christaud, Gers, in the Gers department
# Zsuzsa Ferge

Zsuzsa Ferge (25 April 1931 – 4 April 2024) was a Hungarian sociologist and statistician who is particularly known for her work on poverty reduction. She was a Professor Emerita in the Department of Policy, Economics, and Law at Eötvös Loránd University, where she helped to establish a department of social policy studies. She was also the head of the Poverty Research Center there, as well as the Chief Researcher at the Working Unit on Hungary's National Program against Child Poverty, holding both of these positions after her retirement.

## Life and career

Ferge was a Professor Emerita in the Department of Policy, Economics, and Law at Eötvös Loránd University, where she became a full professor in 1988. She was credited with establishing the social policy studies department there. She retired to become a professor emerita in 2001, but after that she continued to head the university's Poverty Research Center.
Methodologically, Ferge's academic work focused on statistical sociology. She focused on poverty in Hungary, and particularly on the collection and analysis of sociological data regarding child poverty. She also engaged in extensive activism to reduce child poverty in Hungary, and she specialised in the interaction of government policy and poverty.
In 1998, Ferge was made a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1993, she was elected to the Academia Europaea.
In 2002, Ferge was awarded the Middle Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary. In 2007 she was the winner of the Hungarian Government's Imre Nagy Order of Merit (hu), and in 2009 she won the Government of Hungary's Twenty Years of the Republic Award (hu). Ferge was a 2010 recipient of the European Citizens' Prize. In 2011, Ferge won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Hungarian Sociological Society. She also held an honorary doctorate from the University of Edinburgh.
Ferge died on 4 April 2024, at the age of 92.

## Selected awards

* Middle Cross, Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2002)
* Imre Nagy Order of Merit (2007)
* Twenty Years of the Republic Award (2009)
* European Citizens' Prize (2010)
* Lifetime Achievement Award, Hungarian Sociological Society (2011)
* Honorary doctorate, University of Edinburgh
# Kaliua

Kaliua is a town in Tabora Region in western Tanzania.

## Transport

It lies on the Central Railway of Tanzania, at the junction of a branch line opened in 1949 to Mpanda.
# Bulbophyllum obscuriflorum

Bulbophyllum obscuriflorum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Madagascar.
# Reedville

Reedville may refer to:
* Reedville, Oregon, United States
* Reedville, Texas, United States
* Reedville, Virginia, United States
# Viridictyna parva

Viridictyna parva is a species of Dictynidae spider that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1970 by Ray Forster from male and female specimens collected in Auckland. This species is stored in Te Papa Museum under registration number AS.000082.

## Description

The male is recorded at 2.7mm in length whereas the female is 2.64mm. In life, this species is green in colour.

## Distribution

This species is known from the northern part in the North Island of New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
# Viridifusus buxeus

Viridifusus buxeus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
Until 2012, it was a species of Fusinus.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off West Africa and the Cape Verdes.
# Violin Sonata No. 4

Violin Sonata No. 4 may refer to:
* Violin Sonata No. 4 (Beethoven)
* Violin Sonata No. 4 (Hill)
* Violin Sonata No. 4 (Ives) (Children's Day at the Camp Meeting) by Charles Ives
* Violin Sonata No. 4 (Mozart)
* Violin Sonata No. 4 (Villa-Lobos) by Heitor Villa-Lobos
# Hundeshagen

Hundeshagen is a village and a former municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. Since July 2018, it is part of the town Leinefelde-Worbis.
# Huixian Bronze Hu

The Huixian Bronze Hu are a pair of bronze wine vessels that were found in the city of Huixian, Henan province, central China. Dating to the Eastern Zhou dynasty, they have been part of the British Museum's Asian Collections since 1972.

## Discovery

The two vessels were apparently found in Huixian in Henan province, although the exact circumstances of their discovery remains unclear. However, based on their manufacturing technique and design, it is evident that the hu were made at the Jin State Foundry in Houma, Shanxi province, where bronze casting was centred during the Eastern Zhou period (771-221 BC). They were bequeathed to the British Museum in 1972.

## Description

The pair of hu are identical in shape and size and date to the 5th Century BC. The two delicately cast containers were made through the lost wax technique. Apart from slight damage to the lower part of the vessels, they are in good condition. Their ornate decoration includes repeated bands of layered interlace intersected by roped borders. The lower band includes four taotie or monster faces composed of vipers. The handles of the two vessels are designed in the shape of prancing tigers with reverted heads, and their open lids are made in the form of petalled crowns.

## Inscription

On the outer rim of the lids are identical inscriptions which record the casting of the hu by Zhao Meng [zh], a minister of the Jin State, for a meeting with the King of Wu at Huangshi in 482 BC. The purpose of such meetings was to forge alliances between different territories and the two vessels may have been made to celebrate such an agreement between the Jin and Wu states.
# Castanopsis megacarpa

Castanopsis megacarpa is a tree in the family Fagaceae. The specific epithet megacarpa is from the Greek meaning 'large fruit'.

## Description

Castanopsis megacarpa grows as a tree up to 36 metres (120 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 90 cm (35 in). The grey bark is smooth or slightly fissured. The coriaceous leaves measure up to 24 cm (9 in) long. Its roundish or ellipsoid nuts measure up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Castanopsis megacarpa grows naturally in Thailand, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Its habitat is dipterocarp, kerangas or lower montane forests up to 1,400 m (4,600 ft) altitude.

## Uses

The wood is locally used in making domestic items.
# Hurler of the Year

Hurler of the Year can refer to the following.
* Texaco Hurler of the Year
* All Stars Hurler of the Year
* GPA Hurler of the Year
# Hurleston

Hurleston was a civil parish until April 2023 and now forms part of the civil parish of Stoke and Hurleston, within the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, which lies to the north west of Nantwich. The area is predominantly rural with scattered farms and buildings and no settlements. Nearby villages include Barbridge, Burland, Radmore Green, Rease Heath and Stoke Bank.
According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 64. At the 2011 Census the population remained less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Stoke.

## Governance

Hurleston was administered by Stoke and Hurleston Parish Council jointly with the adjacent civil parish of Stoke. From May 2023 the two parishes became a single civil parish. From 1974 the civil parish fell within Crewe and Nantwich Borough Council, which was succeeded on 1 April 2009 by the unitary authority of Cheshire East. Hurleston falls in the parliamentary constituency of Eddisbury, which has been represented by Edward Timpson since 2019, after being represented by Stephen O'Brien (1999–2015) and Antoinette Sandbach (2015–19).
Hurleston was formerly a township in the parish of Acton, from 1866 Hurleston was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 2023 the parish was abolished and merged with Stoke to form "Stoke and Hurleston".

## Geography and transport

The civil parish includes several small deciduous and mixed woodlands including Bachehouse Covert, and also the mere of Bachehouse Pool and most of Hurleston Reservoir.
The Shropshire Union Canal splits into two branches at Hurleston Junction and both branches run through the parish. The main line runs north–south, while the Llangollen branch at first runs westwards, descending 34 feet via the four Hurleston Locks, and then turns southwards. The A51 runs north–south through the parish, crossing the Llangollen branch of the canal at Hurleston Bridge. The A534 forms part of the southern boundary of the civil parish.
# Vindula arsinoe

Vindula arsinoe, the cruiser, is a butterfly from the family Nymphalidae. It ranges from the Maluku Islands and New Guinea to the Solomon Islands and Queensland. It is sexually dimorphic.
* Dorsal view of male, Cairns, Queensland
* Female, Cairns, Queensland

## Subspecies

Listed alphabetically:
* V. a. ada (Butler, 1874) – (Banks Island, Cape York - Mackay)
* V. a. adina (Fruhstorfer, 1906) – (Waigeu)
* V. a. arsinoe (Cramer, [1777]) – (Ambon, Serang, Saparua)
* V. a. bosnikensis (Joicey & Noakes, 1915) – (Biak)
* V. a. catenes (Godman & Salvin, 1888) – (Solomons (Santa Anna Island))
* V. a. clodia (Godman & Salvin, 1888) – (Solomons (Ulana Island))
* V. a. dampierensis (Rothschild, 1915) – (Dampier Island)
* V. a. figalea (Fruhstorfer, 1904) – (Obi)
* V. a. insularis (Godman & Salvin, 1877) – (New Britain, Duke of York group)
* V. a. lemina (Ribbe, 1898) – (New Ireland)
* V. a. meforica (Fruhstorfer, 1906) – (Noemfoor Island)
* V. a. melena (Fruhstorfer, 1899) – (New Ireland)
* V. a. moluccana Nieuwenhuis – (northern Moluccas?)
* V. a. pisidike (Fruhstorfer, 1903) – (Fergusson, Goodenough, Normanby Island)
* V. a. polykaste (Fruhstorfer, 1903) – (Trobriand Island)
* V. a. rebeli (Fruhstorfer, 1906) – (West Irian - Papua)
* V. a. rookiana (Strand, 1916) – (Rook Island)
# Vireo (disambiguation)

A vireo is a small passerine bird.
Vireo may also refer to:
* Vireo (genus), genus of the vireo birds
* Vickers Vireo, an experimental 1920s aircraft
* USS Vireo (AM-52), a minesweeper laid down in 1918 by the Philadelphia Navy Yard
* USS Vireo (MSC-205), a minesweeper laid down as AMS-205 in 1953 at the Bellingham Shipyards
* Vireo Records, a record label that was a division of Sparrow Corporation
* Visual Resources for Ornithology (VIREO), a large online repository of bird photographs at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
# Humbert de Pairaud

Humbert de Pairaud was a dignitary of the Knights Templar in France and England from 1261 to 1275. He came from a noble family from Forez an old French province. He was installed as the commander of Ponthieu in 1257, master of the province of France (1261 and 1265), master of England and of Aquitaine between 1266 and 1271, and in the same period was the Visitor of France and England. Under his leadership, the following individuals were received into the Templars:
* Hugues de Pairaud, his nephew (1263)
* Jacques de Molay (1265)
# Vinjani, Posušje

Vinjani or Vinjani Hercegovački is a village in the municipality of Posušje in West Herzegovina Canton, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The village consists of twelve differently named hamlets that form a community (mjesna zajednica).

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,423.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 1,420 | 99.8% |
| other/undeclared | 3 | 0.2% |
| Total | 1,423 | 100% |

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Vinjani" (in Croatian). Municipality of Posušje. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 458–459.