OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Skaftá

The Skaftá (Icelandic pronunciation: ) is a river in South Iceland. It is primarily glacial in origin and has had its course modified by volcanic activity; as a result of both, it often floods because of glacial melting.

## Course

The river's primary source is two subglacial "cauldrons" beneath Skaftájökull, part of the Vatnajökull glacier in the interior of Iceland. It also receives spring-fed water from Langisjór, a lake a short distance to the west from which a tributary called the Útfall runs into the Skaftá. Other tributaries include the North and South Ófaerá, the Grjótá, and the Hellisá.
West of Skaftárdalur, a farm named for the river valley, the Skaftá runs over a lava field in many channels, which recombine into three for the remainder of its course to the Atlantic: the Eldvatn or Ása-Eldvatn combines with the River Kúðafljót; the Ásakvísl or Árkvísla flows under a sand-covered lava field and has been affected by road construction; the third, easternmost branch, which flows near Kirkjubæjarklaustur, retains the name Skaftá but has extremely low water levels when temperatures are lowest. Its total length is approximately 115 kilometres (71 mi).
The river was bridged at Kirkjubæjarklaustur in 1903 and the Ása-Eldvatn was bridged soon after. Efforts to bank and bridge the Ásakvísl have led to undermining of the bridge works and to erosion of land formerly watered by it.

## Effects of 1783 eruption

Beginning on June 8, 1783, the multi-year eruption of the volcanic system including Grímsvötn and Þórðarhyrna (sometimes referred to in Icelandic as the Skaftáreldur, Skaftá Fires) filled the river valley with lava, including a gorge thought to have been 200 metres (660 ft) deep, diverting its flow into the multiple shallow channels that now characterize its course. As a result it is subject to jökulhlaups (glacial outburst floods), which occur every one to two years. The 2015 flood was unusually damaging, the largest since records began.
# Grenelle cemetery

The Cimetière de Grenelle is a 64 are cemetery on rue Saint-Charles in Grenelle, in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. It was set up in 1835 and annexed to the city of Paris in 1860. Those buried there include Louis Madelin and the Schmid and Rémondot families.
# Groove-toothed flying squirrel

The groove-toothed flying squirrel or North Chinese flying squirrel (Aeretes melanopterus) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is considered monotypic within the genus Aeretes. It is endemic to China, and occurs in Sichuan, Gansu, Hebei, and Beijing. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.
# Thames (1794 ship)

Thames was launched in 1794 in London. The French captured her in late 1795, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her within a few weeks. She then disappeared from the registers for several years. She reappeared as Thames in 1800, sailing as a West Indiaman. In 1802, new owners sailed her as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made one full voyage as a slave ship. French privateers captured her in 1805 after she had gathered captive in West Africa, but before she could deliver them to a port in the British Caribbean.

## Career

Thames first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1794.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1794 | Atterbury | Tranham | London–Jamaica | LR |
Between 21 and 30 September 1795, a squadron of French frigates captured several British merchantmen, Thames, Atterberry, master, among them. Shortly thereafter, HMS Orion recaptured Thames, Atterbury, master.
Thames then disappeared from LR and the Register of Shipping for some years. She reappeared in 1800.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1800 | J.Ferguson | Adam & Co. | London–Tobago | LR |
| 1802 | J.Ferguson J.Welch | Adam & Co. J.&A.Anderson | London–Tobago London–Africa | LR |
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1802–1804): Captain James Welsh sailed from London on 6 December 1802. Thames acquired captives at the Sierra Leone estuary and arrived at Kingston on 2 December 1803, with 341 captives. Welsh had received a letter of marque on 17 November. Thames left Kingston on 12 April 1804, and arrived back in London 28 May.
2nd slave voyage (1805): Captain Welsh sailed from London on 18 February 1805, bound for Africa.

## Fate

Two French schooners captured Thames, Welch, master, in late 1805 off Surinam. They took her into Guadeloupe.

## Citations

* 1 2 LR (1794), "T" supple. pages.
* 1 2 LR (1800), Seq. No.T386.
* 1 2 3 4 "Letter of Marque, p.89 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2759. 13 October 1795. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049068. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2762. 23 October 1795. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049068. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
* ↑ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Thames voyage #83736.
* ↑ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Thames voyage #83737.
* ↑ "LIVERPOOL, DEC. 26." Lancaster Gazette and General Advertiser, for Lancashire, Westmorland, &c. (Lancaster, England), 28 December 1805; Issue 237.
# Prayer Room (play)

Prayer Room is a play by the British playwright Shan Khan. The play was commissioned by the Edinburgh International Festival and premiered at the Royal Lyceum Theatre in a co-production with the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in August 2005.

## Plot

The play is allegorical in nature, set in the bland, non-denominational prayer room of a present-day British University where Jewish, Christian and Muslim students all have specific days when they can use it. Conflict grows when the Jews demand more time, and the Muslims find themselves deprived of their regular Friday slot and the Christians try to take a back-seat and let the other two fight it out.

## Premier

The play premiered at Royal Lyceum Theatre in August 2005 as part of Edinburgh International Festival, before returning for a limited run at Birmingham Repertory Theatre.
The play was directed by Angus Jackson and received largely positive reviews.
The play was designed by Lucy Osborne and lit by Neil Austin.

## Original cast

* Riz Ahmed – Fiz
* Jimmy Akingbola - Bunce
* Ashley Madekwe - Jade
* William Ellis - Griffin
* Tolga Safer - Brother Kazi
* Iddo Goldberg - Reuben
* Hannah Watkins - Rila
* Howard Ward - Principal
* Peter Swander - Brother Convert
# Grevillea yorkrakinensis

Grevillea yorkrakinensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a small, compact, spreading shrub with linear leaves, and clusters of red to yellowish-orange flowers arranged in groups of up to 5, the styles red to yellow or greenish.

## Description

Grevillea yorkrakensis is a dense, spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 40 cm (16 in). Its leaves are linear, 3–18 mm (0.12–0.71 in) long, 0.6–1.2 mm (0.024–0.047 in) wide and often glaucous. The edges of the leaves are rolled under, concealing the lower surface, apart from the mid-vein, and the upper surface is glabrous. The flowers are arranged in erect clusters of 2 to 5 in leaf axils and on the stems on a rachis 0.5–3 mm (0.020–0.118 in) long. The flowers are red to yellowish-orange with a red to yellow or greenish style, the pistil 17–22 mm (0.67–0.87 in) long. Flowering occurs from May to October and the fruit is a narrowly oval to narrowly elliptic follicle 7.0–10.5 mm (0.28–0.41 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Grevillea yorkrakensis was first formally described by the botanist Charles Austin Gardner in 1923 in the Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia from specimens he collected near Yorkrakine in 1922. The specific epithet (yorkrakensis) is a reference to the type location.

## Distribution and habitat

This grevillea grows in shrubland or mallee scrub between Mount Gibson and Wubin to Hyden in the south, and near Southern Cross, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Mallee and Yalgoo bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Grevillea yorkrakensis is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Slither (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chronicles of Chaos | 8/10 |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Punknews.org | |
Slither is the fourth full-length album by the American metalcore band Earth Crisis, released in 2000. It marked a return to Victory Records following the band's 1998 Roadrunner Records album Breed the Killers. Slither ventured into the nu metal sound popularized by '90s metal bands such as Korn and Deftones. The album peaked at No. 50 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart.

## Production

The album was produced by Steve Evetts. The album cover was designed by the artist Dave McKean.

## Reception

Chronicles of Chaos wrote: "Managing to stir up enough emotion and deafening cries of aggression, the band storms through a sonic assault of heavy vibes and mosh pit worthy material—and the music of Slither is also chock-full of strong harmonies to boot." The Telegram & Gazette wrote that the songs "boast rich textures as the band combines its old hard-core raucousness with a freshly developed 'clean' heavy-rock sound." The New Straits Times thought that "the lyrics are often contrived and meaningless, which diminishes the power of the music somewhat."

## Credits

* Karl Buechner – vocals
* Scott Crouse – guitar
* Erick Edwards – guitar
* Ian "Bulldog" Edwards – bass
* Dennis Merrick – drums
# Groswin

Groswin was the name-giving seat of one of the castellanies of the Duchy of Pomerania in the High Middle Ages. It was located in Western Pomerania near modern Anklam.
The castellany is thought to have comprised the area between the rivers Peene and Zarow, and the villages Rehberg, Japenzin, Iven, Crien, Wegezin, Thurow, Blesewitz and Görke. The exact location of the Groswin burgh, which was destroyed in the late 12th century, is uncertain, it may have been near Stolpe-Neuhof, Grüttow, Görke or Müggenburg. At Groswin, defense structures within the Peene river allowed the locals to block the river for ships.
Documents mention Groswin also in the spelling variants Grossvin, Groswim, Grozwin, Grozswin, Groswyn, Grosum (Knytlinga saga), Grotzuina (Saxo Grammaticus), Brotwin (946), Groswine (1136), Grozioni, Grozswine, and Grozswina.
Groswin took over the position of nearby Altes Lager Menzlin as a trade center after its decline in the 9th century. The tribal affiliation of the inhabitants, though associated with the greater tribe of the Veleti, is uncertain – while the Ukrani are reported to have dwelled south of the Zarow and the Rani north of the Ryck river, the name of the medieval inhabitants of the area between these rivers is not reported. The lands of Groswin became a castellany of the Duchy of Pomerania during the westward expansion of Wartislaw I in the 1120s, and became part of the Bishopric of Cammin in 1140. In 1153, Stolpe Abbey was founded in the Groswin castellany as the first Pomeranian monastery. A market at the Groswin burgh is documented in 1159. In 1185, a Danish expedition led by Canut VI destroyed the burgh and devastated the castellany. Though the name Groswin stayed in use to refer to the area, the position of the former burgh as the areas center was taken over by nearby Anklam.
# Sky KG Airlines

Sky KG Airlines was a charter airline and aviation service provider headquartered in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

## Fleet

As of September 2020, the airline's fleet consisted of the following aircraft, however as of December 2022 there are no longer any aircraft associated to Sky KG:
* 1 Boeing 747-400
* 2 Tupolev Tu-204
# Testosterone enantate benzilic acid hydrazone

Testosterone enantate benzilic acid hydrazone (TEBH), or testosterone 17β-enantate 3-benzilic acid hydrazone, is a synthetic, injected androgen/anabolic steroid and an androgen ester – specifically, the C17β enantate (heptanoate) ester and C3 benzilic acid hydrazone of testosterone. It was previously marketed in combination with estradiol benzoate and estradiol dienantate under the brand names Climacteron, Lactimex, and Lactostat. Clinical studies have assessed this formulation. TEBH was first described in the scientific literature in 1959. It is a very long-lasting prodrug of testosterone when administered in oil via intramuscular injection.
vte Androgen replacement therapy formulations and dosages used in women :
| Route | Medication | Major brand names | Form | Dosage |
| Oral | Testosterone undecanoate | Andriol, Jatenzo | Capsule | 40–80 mg 1x/1–2 days |
| Oral | Methyltestosterone | Metandren, Estratest | Tablet | 0.5–10 mg/day |
| Oral | Fluoxymesterone | Halotestin | Tablet | 1–2.5 mg 1x/1–2 days |
| Oral | Normethandrone$^a$ | Ginecoside | Tablet | 5 mg/day |
| Oral | Tibolone | Livial | Tablet | 1.25–2.5 mg/day |
| Oral | Prasterone (DHEA)$^b$ | – | Tablet | 10–100 mg/day |
| Sublingual | Methyltestosterone | Metandren | Tablet | 0.25 mg/day |
| Transdermal | Testosterone | Intrinsa | Patch | 150–300 μg/day |
| Transdermal | Testosterone | AndroGel | Gel, cream | 1–10 mg/day |
| Vaginal | Prasterone (DHEA) | Intrarosa | Insert | 6.5 mg/day |
| Injection | Testosterone propionate$^a$ | Testoviron | Oil solution | 25 mg 1x/1–2 weeks |
| Injection | Testosterone enanthate | Delatestryl, Primodian Depot | Oil solution | 25–100 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| Injection | Testosterone cypionate | Depo-Testosterone, Depo-Testadiol | Oil solution | 25–100 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| Injection | Testosterone isobutyrate$^a$ | Femandren M, Folivirin | Aqueous suspension | 25–50 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| Injection | Mixed testosterone esters | Climacteron$^a$ | Oil solution | 150 mg 1x/4–8 weeks |
| Injection | Mixed testosterone esters | Omnadren, Sustanon | Oil solution | 50–100 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| Injection | Nandrolone decanoate | Deca-Durabolin | Oil solution | 25–50 mg 1x/6–12 weeks |
| Injection | Prasterone enanthate$^a$ | Gynodian Depot | Oil solution | 200 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| Implant | Testosterone | Testopel | Pellet | 50–100 mg 1x/3–6 months |
| Notes: Premenopausal women produce about 230 ± 70 μg testosterone per day (6.4 ± 2.0 mg testosterone per 4 weeks), with a range of 130 to 330 μg per day (3.6–9.2 mg per 4 weeks). Footnotes: $^a$ = Mostly discontinued or unavailable. $^b$ = Over-the-counter. Sources: See template. |||||

## Chemistry

Chemical synthesis of TEBH has been described.
# Grossen

Grossen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jürg Grossen (born 1969), Swiss politician
* Françoise Grossen (born 1943), Swiss textile artist
# Sloane Court Hotel

Sloane Court Hotel was a hotel located along Balmoral Road in Singapore. Opened as a boarding house in 1962, it initially catered to British soldiers in Singapore. It was closed in late 2017 and demolished shortly after.

## History

The building was initially established as a 26-room boarding house in 1962, catering to British soldiers stationed in Singapore. However, when the British military withdrew their forces in Singapore by 1971, the hotel instead began targeting Japanese engineers and industralists, then Thai and Indonesian businessman. By the late 1970s, the Chiam family, the hotel's owners, decided to give the hotel a facelift. The newly renovated building had a Tudor-style façade, based on a suggestion by restaurateur Stanley Foster, who also gave the hotel its name. By the late 1980s, the Chiams began to plan for a $250,000 renovation which would inrtoduce the Tudor-style theming into the hotel's interior as well. By then, the hotel's capacity had grown to 32 rooms. The hotel also housed the Berkely, a 16th-century themed restaurant and pub. A food critic from The Straits Times wrote a positive review of the restaurant in August 1982, giving it a rating of 7 out of 10. The hotel's interior featured lace curtains, framed tapestry works depicting the English countryside and a mock fireplace.
In August 2017, it was announced that the hotel had been sold to TSky Development, who planned to redevelop it and an adjoining site into a condominium, for $80.5 million. The Berkeley closed on 29 October and the hotel itself closed on November 28, and was demolished in the following year.
# Sloane House

Sloane House may refer to:
* Henry T. Sloane House in New York City
* Merestead, also known as Sloane Estate, in Mamaroneck, New York, United States, NRHP-listed
* Sloane House, Chelsea, a house in London, England
* Sloane House YMCA, New York, New York, United States, historic YMCA on West 34th Street
* Rush R. Sloane House, Sandusky, Ohio, United States, listed on the NRHP in Sandusky, Ohio
* W. B. Sloane House, Elmhurst, Illinois, United States an early house having a designed carport, designed by Walter Burley Griffin
# Grey-breasted brown dove

The grey-breasted brown dove (Phapitreron amethystinus maculipectus) is a subspecies of amethyst brown dove in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines being found in Negros and Panay. Its natural habitats are or tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests. It is found in lowlands but probably prefers middle and high elevations at 500-2000m. It is most often seen singly or in pairs, in and around fruiting trees. The call is a deep, sonorous "hoot-hoot-hoot-hoot", and birds may sit and call for long periods.

## Description

It is differentiated from the amethyst brown dove in Luzon (amethystinus subspecies) and Mindanao (imeldae subspecies) with is light grey breast and overall lighter appearance. It also has a longer bill and pink legs. The HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World considers it as a separate species Phapitreron maculipectus.

## Conservation status

The dove is considered rare in its range. Negros is one of the most deforested islands in the country and is only found in the remnant forests. Range in Panay has not been fully surveyed but they may persist in larger numbers. IUCN estimates the population to be 2,500 to 9,999 mature individuals. Threats include habitat loss and hunting for both food and the exotic pet trade.
# Smith v Eric S Bush

Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] UKHL 1 is an English tort law and contract law case, heard by the House of Lords. First, it concerned the existence of a duty of care in tort for negligent misstatements, not made directly to someone relying on the statement. Second, it concerned the reasonableness of a term excluding liability under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, s 2(2) and s 11.

## Facts

A surveyor, Eric Bush, was employed by a building society, Abbey National, to inspect and value 242 Silver Road, Norwich. Eric Bush disclaimed responsibility to the purchaser, Mrs Smith, who was paying a fee of £36.89 to the building society to have the valuation done. The building society had a similar clause in its mortgage agreement. The property valuation said no essential repairs were needed. This was wrong. But Mrs Smith relied on this and bought the house. Bricks from the chimney collapsed through the roof, smashing through the loft. Mrs Smith argued there was a duty of care in tort to exercise care in making statements and then that the clause excluding liability for loss or damage to property was unreasonable under 2(2) and 13(1) of UCTA 1977. The property was valued at £16,500 and bought for £18,000.
The case was joined with another appeal, Harris v Wyre Forest District Council. In this one, it was the Council that was the mortgagee. It also did the valuation. It also had a disclaimer, which was challenged by the home buyer.
For Mr and Mrs Harris Anthony Colman QC (now Colman J), Malcolm Stitcher and David Platt appeared, and for Wyre Forest District Council and Mr Lee appeared Piers Ashworth QC and Nicholas J Worsley. Mrs Smith was represented by Robert Seabrook Q.C. and Philip Havers, while Eric S. Bush was represented by Nigel Hague QC and Jane Davies.

## Judgment

It was held that it was not unreasonable for the purchaser of a modest house to rely on the surveyors' evaluation, as it was such common practice. In this way the court extended Hedley Byrne liability to proximate third parties.
Under UCTA 1977 an initial issue was the scope of the Act's coverage under s 13. Lord Templeman said the Act regulated ‘all exclusion notices which would in common law provide a defence to an action for negligence.’ Lord Griffiths said s.13 was ‘introducing a ‘but for’ test in relation to the notice excluding liability’, so courts should decide whether a duty of care would exist but for the exclusion. Lord Jauncey said the wording of s 13 was ‘entirely appropriate to cover a disclaimer which prevents a duty coming into existence.’
The Lords decided that even though the defendants had issued a liability waiver, this could not stand up to the test of reasonableness under s.11. That was because the purchase of a house by a private citizen like Mrs Smith was bound to be one of the most expensive in a lifetime, and it was more reasonable that a professional surveyor bear the risk of liability. The Lords did however say that not all exclusion clauses used by surveyors would be unreasonable, for instance in big property developments.
# Grzegorz Bolesław Frąckowiak

Grzegorz (Gregory) Bolesław Frąckowiak (July 18, 1911 – May 5, 1943) was a Society of the Divine Word (SVD) martyr. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 13 June 1999 as one of the 108 Polish Martyrs of World War II.

## Life

Bolesław Frąckowiak was born one of twelve children of a poor farm family in Łowęcice, Poland. He was an altar boy in his local parish. Because he could not afford secondary education and later seminary schooling, in 1927 he decided to become a religious brother with the Society of the Divine Word missionaries. He was sent to the novitiate in Górna Grupa and there met fellow martyrs Aloysius Liguda and Stanisław Kubista. He continued his studies and taught in the novitiate. After a year of postulancy, in 1930, he took his temporary vows and the religious name "Gregory", and received the habit. He became the principal bookbinder of the novitiate. He also wrote the daily spiritual exercises that would be undertaken by his fellow aspiring novitiates, and even took care of the food preparations. In 1938, he was ordained as a friar.
During World War II, the Gestapo set up an internment camp for all priests in the region. The religious brothers were eventually released, but Bro. Grzegorz remained to assist the internees. In February 1940, they were transported to a concentration camp, and Frąckowiak went home and assisted the parish priest until that priest too was arrested. Aware of his bookbinding experience, German officials sent him to work at a printing press in Jarocin. There, he and others started an underground newspaper "For you, Poland" to boost people's morale. On the advice of a priest of his congregation, Frąckowiak then distanced himself from the publication.
About a year later, the Nazis discovered the secret group and hunted them down. Although he had had no recent involvement in the publication, Frąckowiak was concerned for the families of those arrested, and directed his fellow prisoners to assign all responsibility to him. He was tortured and imprisoned in Fort VII, and was then transferred to Dresden in 1943, where he was beheaded by guillotine on May 5, 1943, after secretly writing a letter to his family. He was thrown in an unmarked grave.
# Grzegorz Bębnik

Grzegorz Bębnik (born 1970) is a Polish historian and an employee of the Institute of National Remembrance.

## Reception and honors

Jan Grabowski classified Ostatnia walka Afrykanerów (2004) as a fascist work that commended the "struggles" of the "white minority" in South Africa. In 2018, Bębnik was awarded the Upper Silesian Tacitus Award [pl].

## Selected publications

* Bębnik, Grzegorz (2004). Ostatnia walka Afrykanerów (Wyd. 1 ed.). Biała Podlaska: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rekonkwista". ISBN 83-918593-1-2. OCLC 54754607.
* Katowice we wrześniu '39. Katowice: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu. 2006. ISBN 83-60464-13-8. OCLC 700942988.
* Koniec pokoju, początek wojny. Niemieckie działania dywersyjne w kampanii polskiej 1939 r. Wybrane aspekty. 2014.