OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sally McBrearty

Sally McBrearty was an American paleoanthropologist and Paleolithic archaeologist. She was a professor and head of the anthropology department at the University of Connecticut.

## Education and career

McBrearty studied at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, completing her PhD at Illinois in 1986. She joined the University of Connecticut in 1994, was appointed a professor in 2002, and head of the department of anthropology in 2008. Previously, she held positions at Brandeis University, Yale University, and the College of William & Mary.
She was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2007.

## Research
### Middle Stone Age in Africa

McBrearty's work on the Middle Stone Age (MSA) in Africa helped kickstart a paradigm shift in the understanding of modern human behavior. With colleague Alison S. Brooks, McBrearty published "The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior," one of the most-cited papers in the history of Paleolithic archaeology. This paper argued that behavioral modernity arose in Africa over a long period of time, and that it is visible very early in the MSA archaeological record. This view challenged European-centric models for human evolution that argued for a sudden appearance of behavioral modernity in Europe during the Upper Paleolithic.

### Chimpanzee evolution

McBrearty and her colleague Nina Jablonski are credited with the discovery of the first known chimpanzee fossils. McBrearty collected the first fossil, a molar tooth, during her surveys at Kapthurin in the East African Rift Valley in 2004, and immediately suspected that it belonged to an ape. Joblonski, a specialist in monkey fossils, then examined the tooth and positively identified it as chimpanzee. She also found a second example, an incisor, in the same collection. The following year McBrearty's team returned to Kapthurin and discovered a further two fossil chimpanzee teeth. They believe that all four teeth belonged to the same individual.
McBrearty and Jablonski announced the discovery in a paper in Nature in 2005. As well as being the first known chimpanzee fossils, the teeth were the first fossils of modern, non-human apes found in Africa. Dating to around 500,000 years ago, they were also discovered outside the range of modern chimpanzees, overturning a previous idea that the Rift Valley was a barrier to the species. McBrearty has proposed that fossils of chimpanzees are scarce because their preferred habitat—the wet jungles of Central and West Africa—experience poor conditions for preservation. Researchers did not expect to find the ancestors of chimpanzees in the drier savannahs of the Rift Valley, typically seen as the ecological niche of archaic humans, but McBrearty believes that there are more examples there because of the better preservation.

## Personal life

McBrearty lived in Glastonbury, Connecticut. She was married to Andrew Hill, also a paleoanthropologist, until his death in 2015.
# Kate Liao

Kate Liao (廖瑩如) is a lyricist, record planning, and A&R production coordinator in the Chinese music industry. She was nominated as the “Best Lyricist” in the 19th Golden Melody Awards by her work Stefanie Sun's "Against the Light 逆光".

## Career

Liao grew up in the veteran's community in Nantou, and graduated with a degree in radiology from the Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology. After graduation, she worked as a radiologist in Kaohsiung for a short period of time. In her student life, she became interested in Taiwanese and Western pop music. Before completing her internship, she sent 21 pieces of lyrics to UFO Records. The pieces stood out because of her unique handwriting, and later became the start of her career in the music industry.

### Development

Liao's first lyrics work was one from her student days; it was “Yang Guang Zhao Bu Dao De Jiao Luo 陽光照不到的角落" sung by Julie Sue, released in the album "Follow Your Feeling 跟著感覺走” in 1988.
Upon graduation, she applied for the position Copywriter in UFO Records, and got selected by Lo-Jung Chen. This marks her official debut in the Taiwanese pop music industry. Her duties included copywriting, participating in the A&R of film soundtracks such as “A Home Too Far” and “Island of Fire”, and writing copies for Western music such as Madonna, U2, etc.
At the same time, she continued to compose lyrics, and also briefly cooperated with other record companies, such as the marketing and positioning of Tser-Bian Kang and Fang Ho. Later, her mentor Lo-Jung Chen invited her to join Warner Records, which was undergoing the acquisition of UFO Records at the time, where she began to serve as the Executive A&R Producer. Her work ranges from Jieling Ren, Elson Liu, Matilda Tao, Zhennan Tsai, Annie Yi, Sammi Cheng, Aaron Kwok, to Stefanie Sun, etc. Liao designed the marketing strategy and the debut image and works of Stefanie Sun. Stefanie won the Best New Artist Award and was also nominated as the Best Female Singer in the 12th Golden Melody Awards.

## Artistry

Liao worked in both major record labels at the time, UFO Records and Rock Records. She has collaborated with many different of singers covering a wide range of styles. Her lyrics are written in vernacular, casual language, while incorporating her own experiences or feelings that she can relate to. When writing, she would first settle on a theme, then develop the tone before working on the structure. Her lyrics don't often have clear descriptions about scenes, or specific people. That is to reserve some space for the listeners to relate the lyrics to their own stories.
It is common for Liao to use the “Ding-zhen writing style” — the use of the ending character from the last sentence as the beginning character in the next sentence. She also pays much attention to the singer's voice. An example can be seen in Stefanie Sun's “I Don’t Love 我不愛”, the line “我想過要放棄自己，說放棄，要放哪裡”, where the singer conveys a certain attitude.
# 1968–69 CHL season

The 1968–69 CHL season was the sixth season of the Central Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Nine teams participated in the regular season, and the Dallas Black Hawks won the league title.

## Regular season

| Northern Division | GP | W | L | OTL | GF | GA | Pts |
| Tulsa Oilers | 72 | 28 | 28 | 16 | 250 | 240 | 72 |
| Kansas City Blues | 72 | 26 | 28 | 18 | 236 | 242 | 70 |
| Omaha Knights | 72 | 29 | 32 | 11 | 247 | 250 | 69 |
| Memphis South Stars | 72 | 14 | 41 | 17 | 208 | 304 | 45 |
| Southern Division | GP | W | L | OTL | GF | GA | Pts |
| Oklahoma City Blazers | 72 | 40 | 19 | 13 | 295 | 225 | 93 |
| Dallas Black Hawks | 72 | 37 | 25 | 10 | 264 | 218 | 84 |
| Houston Apollos | 72 | 34 | 26 | 12 | 224 | 204 | 80 |
| Amarillo Wranglers | 72 | 29 | 32 | 11 | 238 | 252 | 69 |
| Fort Worth Wings | 72 | 23 | 29 | 20 | 210 | 237 | 66 |

## Playoffs

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Adams Cup Final | Adams Cup Final | Adams Cup Final |
| S1 | Oklahoma City Blazers | | | | | | | |
| | Bye | | | | | | | |
| | Bye | | S1 | Oklahoma City Blazers | 4 | | | |
| | | | N1 | Tulsa Oilers | 3 | | | |
| N1 | Tulsa Oilers | | N1 | Tulsa Oilers | 3 | | | |
| | Bye | | | | | | | |
| | Bye | | | | | S1 | Oklahoma City Blazers | 1 |
| | | | | | | S2 | Dallas Black Hawks | 4 |
| S2 | Dallas Black Hawks | 3 | | | | | | | S2 | Dallas Black Hawks | 4 |
| S3 | Houston Apollos | 0 | | | | | | |
| S3 | Houston Apollos | 0 | S2 | Dallas Black Hawks | 3 | | | |
| | | | N3 | Omaha Knights | 0 | | | |
| N2 | Kansas City Blues | 1 | N3 | Omaha Knights | 0 | | | |
| N3 | Omaha Knights | 3 | | | | | | |
# Rib removal

Rib removal is surgery to remove one or more ribs. Rib resection is the removal of part of a rib. The procedures are done for various medical reasons. A number of celebrities have been falsely rumoured to have had ribs removed as a form of body modification.

## Therapeutic removal

Rib removal may be medically approved in several situations. If a rib is fractured in such a way that it might puncture a vital organ, it may be safer to remove it than wait for it to heal. A cancerous rib may be removed to stop the cancer from spreading. Rib bone material may be used for a bone graft. The excess pressure of thoracic outlet syndrome may be reduced by rib removal. Major surgery to the thoracic cavity, such as open heart surgery, may require removal of ribs to allow access to the organ being operated on.

## Body modification

Victorian fashion valued a wasp waist and hourglass figure for women. This was achieved through laced corsets. Twentieth-century rumors hold that some women had their lower ribs removed to facilitate tighter lacing of the waist. In 1931, corset-maker Rosa Binner alleged that French actress Polaire had had her lowest rib removed in the 1890s. Germaine Greer's second-wave feminist book The Female Eunuch gives the practice as an example of male-directed distortion of the female body. Valerie Steele's history of the corset finds no evidence of such a procedure, and with Lynne Kutsche argues the mortal danger of surgery of the era makes it extremely implausible.
Barbara Mikkelson of Snopes.com suggests that Florenz Ziegfeld might have started such a rumor about his protégée Anna Held to publicize her career. Similar stories have been spread about later celebrities. Cher hired a physician in 1990 to confirm that she has a full set of ribs. It was rumored that Marilyn Manson had ribs removed to facilitate autofellatio. Interviewed for a Vogue article in 2000, John E. Sherman of Weill Cornell Medical College said that while such a procedure was theoretically possible, there was no record of it in the medical literature.
Amanda Lepore claimed that she had skirted the law to obtain a similar surgery. She was quoted saying "'I've had my boobs done, and my lips done, my bottom lip reduced, and my bottom rib broken and pushed in—I think Raquel Welch and Cher did that, too. It's illegal in the US, but I had it done in Mexico. They break the floating rib in the back and push it in, so there's no scar." in an interview.
In October 2015, internet model and self-proclaimed "living doll" Pixee Fox documented the procedure to remove her six lower ribs on her Tumblr account. The procedure shortened rather than fully removed the ribs. In an interview with Closer, she stated that it was difficult to find a doctor willing to perform the surgery.
# Hwangnyong Fortress

Hwangryong Fortress (Korean: 황룡산성; Hanja: 皇龍山城) is a stone fortress of Goguryeo located in what is now Ryonggang county, Nampo in North Korea. It is designated as "No.37 National Treasure of North Korea". It is about 10-11 metres high, 6-8 metres in width and has a 6.6 kilometre circumference.

## History

The fortress played a role to protect the capital Pyongyang during Goguryeo's control in the west side. The wall connects 8 major peaks and hilly area of Oseok mountain. According to Samguksagi, the fortress was enlarged several times from the early 5th century, which was followed by additional construction of stronghold during Gwanggaeto the Great. Later Jangsu of Goguryeo officially transferred the capital to Pyeongyang, while series of fortresses were constructed later this time.
Since the site is quite critical for the defense of northern area of Korean peninsula, the importance was not overlooked by the later kings. In 1675, Sukjong of Joseon reestablished northern part of this fortress to strengthen the national defense. That is to build exterior walls along 3 major gates of the castle, only except for the east side. Easter gate does not have anterior walls, either.
# Downtime (The Gandharvas song)

"Downtime" is a song by Canadian alternative rock band The Gandharvas. It was released in 1997 as the lead single from the band's third and final album, Sold for a Smile. The song was a hit in Canada and was the band's only song to chart in the United States. The song was among the 98 most played songs on active rock radio stations in the US in 1998.

## Appearances in other media

It was featured in the Canadian television film The Girl Next Door (1998), which starred Gary Busey.

## Charts

| Chart (1997/1998) | Peak position |
| Canada Alternative (RPM) | 8 |
| US Active Rock (Billboard) | 34 |
| US Alternative (Radio & Records) | 34 |
# Kirovsky Urban Settlement

Kirovsky Urban Settlement or Kirovskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.
* Kirovsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Urban-Type Settlement of Kirovsky in Kamyzyaksky District of Astrakhan Oblast is incorporated as
* Kirovsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Kirovsky in Pristensky District of Kursk Oblast is incorporated as
* Kirovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation corresponding to Kirovskoye Settlement Municipal Formation, an administrative division of Kirovsky District of Leningrad Oblast
* Kirovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Kirovsky and eleven rural localities in Kirovsky District of Primorsky Krai are incorporated as
# Rational Dress Society

The Rational Dress Society was an organisation founded in 1881 in London, part of the movement for Victorian dress reform. It described its purpose thus:
   The Rational Dress Society protests against the introduction of any fashion in dress that either deforms the figure, impedes the movements of the body, or in any way tends to injure the health. It protests against the wearing of tightly-fitting corsets; of high-heeled shoes; of heavily-weighted skirts, as rendering healthy exercise almost impossible; and of all tie down cloaks or other garments impeding on the movements of the arms. It protests against crinolines or crinolettes of any kind as ugly and deforming... [It] requires all to be dressed healthily, comfortably, and beautifully, to seek what conduces to birth, comfort and beauty in our dress as a duty to ourselves and each other.
In the catalogue of its inaugural exhibition, it listed the attributes of "perfect" dress as:
   1. Freedom of Movement. 2. Absence of pressure over any part of the body. 3. Not more weight than is necessary for warmth, and both weight and warmth evenly distributed. 4. Grace and beauty combined with comfort and convenience. 5. Not departing too conspicuously from the ordinary dress of the time.
Leading members of the Society were Lady Harberton (who created the divided skirt), Mary Eliza Haweis and Constance Wilde (Irish author). Oscar Wilde helped spread the word by publishing the essay "The Philosophy of Dress" in which he stressed the important relationship between clothing and one's soul. Woman cyclists, such as members of the Lady Cyclists' Association, were keen advocates of women's right to dress appropriately for the activity, as part of a belief that cycling offered women an opportunity to escape overly restrictive societal norms.
In 1889, a member of the Rational Dress Society, Charlotte Carmichael Stopes, stunned the proceedings of a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Newcastle upon Tyne by organizing an impromptu session where she introduced rational dress to a wide audience, her speech being noted in newspapers across Britain.
# Buskin (horse)

Buskin (1910 – July 5, 1917) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse is best known for winning the 1913 Preakness Stakes. Owned and trained by John Whalen, he was sired by Hamburg. Buskin was out of the mare Slippers, a daughter of Meddler.

## Preakness Stakes

Buskin, described as "a good-looking little bay gelding" won the $2,500 Preakness Stakes at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland on Tuesday, May 20, 1913.
He went off as the heavy favorite at 3–2 in the field of eight three-year-olds after five of the thirteen colts scratched. Buskin broke first but fell back to fourth under a heavy hold by jockey Jimmy Butwell as they hit Pimlico's famous "Clubhouse Turn." The pace was slow early with the first quarter in :24 flat and the half in :48-4/5. As the race progressed, Buskin was continually restrained as he dropped to fifth down the backstretch but tracked the pacemakers just three lengths behind.
On the final turn, he rounded the field four wide and burst into the lead by three lengths before tiring badly in the final sixteenth. He held off the charge of runner-up and third choice Kleburne by a neck. Longshot Barnegat at 48-1 finished third. The final time for the one mile and one eighth Preakness was 1:53 2/5 over a fast track. The winner's share of 60% of the purse was $1,670.
Buskin and Holiday the next year were the last geldings to win the Preakness Stakes until Prairie Bayou won the race in 1993.

## Later racing career

Later that racing season, Buskin won the 1913 Canadian Derby and placed second in the National Stakes. In his four-year-old season, he won the 1914 Metropolitan Handicap and Bowie Handicap. Also in 1914 or 1915, Buskin placed second in the Brooklyn Handicap, Bowie Handicap, Susquehanna Handicap and Toronto Cup while placing third in the Frontier Handicap and the Washington Handicap. Buskin was injured in the spring of 1916 and was euthanized on July 5, 1917, at Belmont Park due to worsening of his condition.

## Breeding

Pedigree of Buskin :
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Hanover ch. 1884 | Hindoo | Virgil |
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Hanover ch. 1884 | Hindoo | Florence |
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Hanover ch. 1884 | Bourbon Belle | Bonnie Scotland |
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Hanover ch. 1884 | Bourbon Belle | Ella D. |
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Lady Reel bay 1886 | Fellow Craft | Australian |
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Lady Reel bay 1886 | Fellow Craft | Aerolite |
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Lady Reel bay 1886 | Mannie Gray | Enquirer |
| Sire Hamburg bay 1895 | Lady Reel bay 1886 | Mannie Gray | Lizzy G |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Meddler bay 1890 | St. Gatien | The Rover |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Meddler bay 1890 | St. Gatien | Saint Editha |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Meddler bay 1890 | Busybody | Petrarch |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Meddler bay 1890 | Busybody | Spinaway |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Cinderella bay 1885 | Tomahawk | King Tom |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Cinderella bay 1885 | Tomahawk | Mincemeat |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Cinderella bay 1885 | Manna | Brown Bred |
| Dam Slippers brown 1904 | Cinderella bay 1885 | Manna | Tartlet |
# Canning Terrace

Canning Terrace was erected in 1837-1840 on Zion Hill at Canning Circus, Nottingham.

## History

It was built as a series of almshouses flanking the cemetery gatehouse, by the architect Samuel Sutton Rawlinson. It was named after George Canning, Prime Minister in 1827.
# Word of Mouth (John Reuben album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christianity Today | |
| Cross Rhythms | 8/10 |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | |
| PopMatters | 6/10 |
| Rapzilla | |
Word of Mouth is the fifth album by rapper John Reuben, released on February 6, 2007.
The songs "Focus" and "Good Evening" were featured in the 2007 video game Thrillville: Off the Rails by LucasArts.

## Track listing

* "Sing It Like You Mean It" – 3:06
* "Tryin' Too Hard" – 3:09
* "Make Money Money" – 4:29
* "Focus" – 3:32
* "Word of Mouth" – 4:04
* "Miserable Exaggeration" – 3:28
* "Universal" – 3:42
* "Curiosity" – 3:18
* "Cool the Underdog" – 3:27
* "Good Evening" – 3:53

## Awards

In 2008, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Rap/Hip-Hop Album of the Year at the 39th GMA Dove Awards. The title song was also nominated for Rap/Hip-Hop Recorded Song of the Year.
# John Ryves

The Ven John Ryves (1593- 1665) was Archdeacon of Berkshire from 1634 until his death.
He became Rector of Tarrant Gunville in 1620; Canon of Sarum in 1625; Rector of North Moreton in 1634; Rector of Manston in 1635; and Canon of Winchester in 1660.
He died on 19 August 1665.
# Riba (disambiguation)

Riba is an Arabic word meaning usury.
Riba or RIBA may also refer to:
* Riba (surname)
* La Riba, a municipality in Catalonia, north-eastern Spain
* Royal Institute of British Architects
** RIBA International Award
** RIBA Journal
* Recombinant ImmunoBlot Assay, a technique used in immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue. It is also known as the Western Blot test
# Hymenophyllum alveolatum

Hymenophyllum alveolatum is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Downthesun (album)

Downthesun (stylised in lowercase) is the only studio album by American nu metal band Downthesun, released on October 1, 2002 by Roadrunner Records.

## Recording

The album was recorded in a span of six weeks in late 2001 at The Warehouse Studio, Vancouver. Garth "GGGarth" Richardson served as the producer, and Shawn Crahan as executive producer. While planned to release in early 2002, problems with several labels resulted in the album ultimately being released in October.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Blistering | 5/10 |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Hit Parader | B− |
| Metal.de | 7/10 |
| Metal Hammer | 7/10 |
| Rock Hard | 5.5/10 |
Unearth praised the album, considering its sound to be a fusion of nu metal and sludge metal, comparing its sound to that of Slipknot and Mudvayne. A mixed-to-negative review came from antiMusic, who accused the album of being unoriginal and comparing the vocal performances to other musicians associated with nu metal such as Jonathan Davis and Max Cavalera. Metalrage compared the album to Slipknot's Iowa (2001).

## Personnel
### Downthesun

* Nathan Church – keyboards, samples, vocals
* Anthony "Satone" Stevens – vocals
* Aaron Peltz – vocals
* Bruce Swink – guitar
* Lance "Kuk" Collier – bass
* Danny Spain – drums

### Other duties

* Garth Richardson – production
* Shawn Crahan – executive production, art direction, photography, design
* Michael "Elvis" Baskette – mixing
* Dean Maher – engineering
* Ben Kaplan – digital editing
* Chris Vaughan-Jones – production coordinator
* Stephen Marcussen – mastering
* Stefan Seksis – photography

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| US Top Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 37 |
# Kirovskyi District

Kirovskyi District may refer to any of the following administrative divisions of Ukraine:
# Rarity

Rarity may refer to:

## Concepts

* Economic rarity, or scarcity, the economic problem of human want exceeding limited resources
* Species rarity, the position of species organisms being very uncommon or infrequently encountered

## People

* John Rarity, an English physicist

## Fictional characters

* Rarity, a character in My Little Pony Crystal Princess: The Runaway Rainbow
* Rarity, a character in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic

## Music

* Rarity (band), a Canadian rock band