OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Churchill station (Manitoba)

Churchill station is a railway station in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. It is served by passenger service Via Rail as well as the Hudson Bay Railway freight carrier. The station is located 820 kilometers (510 mi) northeast from The Pas, Manitoba, on the shore of Hudson Bay. It also has Parks Canada exhibits inside.
The railway to Churchill was originally built by the Canadian National and completed in 1929. The building contains elements of the Queen Anne Revival and the Arts and Crafts styles. The Churchill railway station has been a national heritage railway station since 1992, and has been restored to its former design by the federal government.
The Canadian Government has also recognized the station as a "Recognized Federal Heritage Building" since June 2000. The station building now includes a museum as well as telephones, washrooms and a ticket office which is open one hour prior to departure of the train.
Churchill station is one of only two train stations in Canada bordering on Hudson Bay. The other is Moosonee station, located several hundred kilometers to the southeast on the Moose River south of James Bay (the southernmost part of Hudson Bay) in northern Ontario.

## Service interruption

Following extensive flood damage to the Hudson Bay Railway in May 2017, no passenger trains ran to Churchill until December 2018.
# Cornelius Essex

Cornelius Essex (fl. 1679-1680) was a buccaneer and privateer best known for sacking Spanish Puerto Bello as part of a larger contingent of pirates.

## History

In August 1679 Essex was among a group of pirates who attacked Spanish traders in the Bay of Honduras, looting indigo and other cargo. His vessel Great Dolphin was captured after attacking an English homestead on Jamaica and he was put on trial with 20 of his crew. Two of them were sentenced to hang but Essex was not. The Jamaican Assembly pleaded with the Governor “in view of the many depredations committed by pirates and privateers, to take some speedy and effectual course for putting an end to the same.”
Essex sailed his barque to Port Morant, Jamaica in December 1679 to join John Coxon, Bartholomew Sharpe, Robert Allison, and Thomas Magott in planning an assault on Puerto Bello. En route Essex’s vessel was leaking so badly his crew was forced to wrap the hull with hawsers to keep it intact: “his vessell being ould gave way in her boue [bow] that if shee had not been wolded, Could never a he[ld] together.”
They attempted to justify the attack under privateering commissions; these were forgeries and the attack was in fact piracy. The flotilla joined with French buccaneers Rose and Bournano but Sharpe and Essex missed the rendezvous, Essex meeting them at Golden Islands days later. Together they took the town in February 1680, capturing enough treasure to afford each man 100 pieces of eight. Afterwards the buccaneers regrouped at Boca del Toro to prepare for an assault on Panama, though Essex was not mentioned in the many accounts of the Panama expedition.
Some modern sources claim Essex was killed during the attack on Puerto Bello. However, a buccaneer witness confirmed that Essex survived but left his leaky vessel behind - “Capt. Essex leaveing his Barkque their she being so rotten” - after which he likely joined with Coxon or one of the other captains. He returned to Jamaica in 1682 and soon left for New York as a passenger aboard a sloop which was itself plundered by pirates.
# Chi Ophiuchi

Chi Ophiuchi, Latinized from χ Ophiuchi, is a variable star in the equatorial constellation of Ophiuchus. It has a blue-white hue and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 4.22. The distance to this object, as determined from parallax measurements, is approximately 500 light years, but it is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −19 km/s. This star is a proper motion member of the Upper Scorpius sub-group in the Scorpius–Centaurus OB association; the nearest such co-moving association of massive stars to the Sun.
This is a massive Be star with a stellar classification of B2Vne, where the 'n' indicates "nebulous" lines due to rapid rotation. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 144 km/s. As the critical velocity for the star is 477 km/s, the inclination angle of its poles must be small; estimated as ~20°. It is a Gamma Cassiopeiae variable with an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude. The brightness has been measured varying from magnitude 4.18 down to 5.0.
Chi Ophiuchi is 22.5 million years old with 10.1 times the mass of the Sun. It has four times the Sun's radius and is radiating 56,000 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 30,000 K. A weak magnetic field has been detected in the chromosphere of this star. It is being orbited by a symmetrical disk of ejected gas extending out to 0.52 AU (112 R$_☉$), and excess radio and infrared emission has been detected from this structure.
Abt and Levy (1978) cataloged Chi Ophiuchi as a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 138.8 days and an eccentricity of 0.44, although the orbital elements are considered marginal. Eggleton and Tokovinin (2008) list it as a single star.
# Zalužje (Bratunac)

Zalužje (Serbian Cyrillic: Залужје) is a village in the municipality of Bratunac, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Koregaon taluka

Koregaon taluka is a Taluka in Satara subdivision of Satara district of state of Maharashtra in India.
# Douglas Faure

Rear Admiral Douglas Faure is a former South African naval officer.

## Military career

He served as the first commanding officer of SAS Spioenkop. until 2008 when he was appointed Senior Staff Officer Combat Support. He was appointed Officer Commanding of SAS Simonsberg on 1 October 2008.
He served as Director Maritime Warfare from 1 April 2017 till 1 June 2020, when he was promoted to Deputy Chief of the Navy.

## Awards and decorations

* Pro Patria Medal
* Southern Africa Medal
* General Service Medal (South Africa)
* Unitas (Unity) Medal
* Medalje vir Troue Diens (Medal for Loyal Service) (30 Year Clasp)
* Good Service Medal (Silver (20 Years))
* Good Service Medal (Bronze (10 Years))
# Keezhamaligai

Keezhamaligai is a village in the Sendurai taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Keezhamaligai had a total population of 3,019 with 1,484 males and 1,534 females.
# Cosford, Warwickshire

Cosford is a small hamlet and civil parish in the Rugby borough of Warwickshire, England. it is located 2,1/2 miles north of Rugby, just west of the River Swift, a tributary of the River Avon, and slightly south of the M6 Motorway. It has been a civil parish since 1866. It was formerly part of the parish of Newbold-on-Avon. In the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24.
Cosford is a shrunken medieval village and earthworks are still visible of the former buildings, which have been listed as a scheduled monument since 1970. The village was not mentioned specifically in the Domesday Book. A chapel is believed to have existed in the village, but its exact location is not known. The still existing hamlet of Cosford consists of a single street with a few houses and farmsteads around Cosford Hall Farm.
# Churchillparken

Churchillparken (English: Churchill Park) is a public park in Copenhagen, Denmark, occupying a tract of land between Kastellet, a 17th-century fortress, and the street Esplanaden. Located on the former esplanade which used to surround Kastellet, the area has a long history as a greenspace but received its current name in 1965 to commemorate Winston Churchill and the British assistance in the liberation of Denmark during World War II.
St. Alban's Church, the Anglican church in Copenhagen, and the Museum of Danish Resistance are located within the boundaries of the park. Access to Kastellet through its main entrance, The King's Gate, is also reached through the park.

## History

The grounds were originally part of the esplanade which surrounded Kastellet. In 1761 it became part of a tree-lined promenade, known simply as Esplanaden (English: The Esplanade), which was established between the Northern Custom House and the Eastern City Gate along the southern and western margin of Kastellet.
In the 1880s, after Kastellet had lost its strategic role in the defence of the city, St. Alban's English Church was built in the grounds. After World War II the site was also chosen as the home of the Museum of Danish Resistance which was completed in 1957. Over the next few years, several war memorials were erected in the area which finally, in 1965, received its current name.

## Monuments
### War memorials

The namesake of the park, Winston Churchill, is commemorated with a bust designed by Oscar Nemon from 1955. Another bust, designed by Svend Lindhard and placed outside the Resistance Museum, commemorates Major Anders Lassen, the only Dane to have received the Victoria Cross for his efforts in World War II. Lindhard is also the artist behind a Memorial to fallen Danish soldiers in the Allied Forces, which stands on Sjællands Ravelin, the ravelin in front of the main entrance to Kastellet. It depicts a soldier in English uniform.

### The Valkyrie

The park also features a bronze statue of a valkyrie, a female figure in Norse mythology who chooses who will die and battle and brings her chosen to Valhalla, an afterlife hall of the slain. It was designed by Stephan Sinding and executed in Paris in 1908 but is based on a sketch from 1872. A smaller version in painted wood, metal and coloured stone was exhibited in 1901 and another version from 1910, in bronze and ivory, is in the collections of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. A gift from Carl Jacobsen's Albertine Trust which was created to provide statues and monuments for the parks and squares of Copenhagen, the present statue was originally placed at Langelinie close to the waterfront but was moved to its current park setting when the Kastellet was reconstructed in the 1990s.

## Cultural references

Benny (Morten Grunwald) and Kjeld (Poul Bundgaard) are seen being chased through the park at 0:48:36 in the 1972 Olsen-banden film The Olsen Gang's Big Score.
# Hugh II, Count of Blois

Hugh II of Châtillon (died 1307), son of Guy III, Count of Saint-Pol, and Matilda of Brabant, was count of St Pol 1289–1292 and Count of Blois 1292–1307.
He married c. 1287 Beatrix of Dampierre, daughter of Guy of Flanders and Isabelle of Luxembourg. They had two children:
* Guy I of Blois-Châtillon (d. 1342)
* John of Châtillon (d. 1329), Lord of Château-Renault
# Cortina Airport

Cortina Airport is an abandoned airport located in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Veneto, Italy.
The airport is also known as Cortina d'Ampezzo Airport (full name of the municipality it is located in) and Fiames Airport because it is located in the Fiames frazione.
The airport was built for the 1956 Winter Olympics. It has remained closed to traffic since an accident involving a Cessna 206 on 31 May 1976. The pilot and all five passengers were killed in a crash immediately after takeoff in difficult wind conditions.
# Kings Creek, South Carolina

Kings Creek (or King's Creek) is an unincorporated community in Cherokee County, South Carolina, United States. It is located in the vicinity of South Carolina Highways 5 and 97. Situated nearby is the NRHP-designated King's Creek Furnace Site. The name of the community comes from a local settler named King who lived close to the locale on the namesake Kings Creek.
The settlement has a history of mining operations and represents the former Kings Creek Mining District, which held deposits of iron and copper sulfides. South of Kings Creek sits a historic gold mine bearing the locality's name. Railways have also seen historic prominence in the area, and the hamlet exists as the western terminus of the Triple C Rail Trail. Near Kings Creek remains a railroad line formerly operated by the Carolina Coastal Railway.
# Range segmentation

Range segmentation is the task of segmenting (dividing) a range image, an image containing depth information for each pixel, into segments (regions), so that all the points of the same surface belong to the same region, there is no overlap between different regions and the union of these regions generates the entire image.

## Algorithmic approaches

There have been two main approaches to the range segmentation problem: region-based range segmentation and edge-based range segmentation.

### Region-based range segmentation

Region-based range segmentation algorithms can be further categorized into two major groups: parametric model-based range segmentation algorithms and region-growing algorithms.
Algorithms of the first group are based on assuming a parametric surface model and grouping data points so that all of them can be considered as points of a surface from the assumed parametric model (an instance of that model).
Region-growing algorithms start by segmenting an image into initial regions. These regions are then merged or extended by employing a region growing strategy. The initial regions can be obtained using different methods, including iterative or random methods. A drawback of algorithms of this group is that in general they produce distorted boundaries because the segmentation usually is carried out at region level instead of pixel level.

### Edge-based range segmentation

Edge-based range segmentation algorithms are based on edge detection and labeling edges using the jump boundaries (discontinuities). They apply an edge detector to extract edges from a range image. Once boundaries are extracted, edges with common properties are clustered together. A typical example of edge-based range segmentation algorithms is presented by Fan et al. The segmentation procedure starts by detecting discontinuities using zero-crossing and curvature values. The image is segmented at discontinuities to obtain an initial segmentation. At the next step, the initial segmentation is refined by fitting quadratics whose coefficients are calculated based on the Least squares method. In general, a drawback of edge-based range segmentation algorithms is that although they produce clean and well defined boundaries between different regions, they tend to produce gaps between boundaries. In addition, for curved surfaces, discontinuities are smooth and hard to locate and therefore these algorithms tend to under-segment the range image. Although the range image segmentation problem has been studied for a number of years, the task of segmenting range images of curved surfaces is yet to be satisfactorily resolved.
# Koregatani Dam

Koregatani Dam is an earthfill dam located in Toyama prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 0.7 km$^2$. The dam impounds about ha of land when full and can store 260 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1968.
# Former Court Building, Macau

The Former Court Building, or Old Court Building, is a former courthouse located at 459 Avenida da Praia Grande in Macau.
Built in 1951, the building was used as offices for the Portuguese colonial government, including the Judiciary Police headquarters, and then as a courthouse. It has been designated as a structure of importance.
Plans to convert the building for use as the new Macao Central Library were axed in 2020. Instead, the building is now planned to house the Court of Final Appeal.
# John H.A.L. de Jong

John H.A.L. de Jong (born 22 June 1947, The Hague) graduated in General Linguistics, French and English languages from Leiden University and obtained a PhD in Educational Measurement from Twente University. He has published many articles and books on language acquisition and assessment and on educational measurement. He is specialized in the empirical scaling of language proficiency and promotes the development of internationally standardized reporting scales of language proficiency. He was involved from the start in developing the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.
After teaching French for seven years, de Jong continued his career at CITO, the Dutch National Institute for Educational Management. In 2000 he set up a company, "Language Testing Services" (LTS), to provide advice and services in the areas of language curriculum development, language testing and assessment in general to national and international educational authorities, educational institutions and international business corporations. In September 2006 he joined Pearson Language Tests as Vice President Test Development and developed a new computer based test of academic English, Pearson Test of English. De Jong moved on within Pearson English and held the function of Senior Vice President Standards and Quality until he left Pearson in 2016.
He was appointed Chair in Language Testing at VU University Amsterdam in 2009 and left the university in 2017, supervising research in the area of language testing & language proficiency modeling.
In 2016 De Jong received the Cambridge/International Language Testing Association Distinguished Achievement Award.
# Kui language

Kui language may refer to:
* Kui language (India), a Dravidian language of eastern India (Odisha and Andhra Pradesh) spoken by the Khonds
* Kui language (Indonesia), an Alor-Pantar language of Indonesia
* Kuy language, an Austroasiatic language of Thailand
# Hugh Ward (footballer)

Hugh Ward (born 9 March 1970) was a Scottish footballer who played for Dumbarton, Clydebank and East Stirling.
# Cortina Cycles

Cortina Cycles was a bicycle frame manufacturer in Santa Barbara, California. It has made frames for Italian companies such as Bennotto and Gios.

## Background

Raul Cortina, his brother and uncle started Cortina Cycles in Mexico in 1955, in a small bike shop in Mexico City. It acquired factory outlets within Mexico selling Cortina frames and moved into the factory it still owns in Mexico. Cortina Cycles built frames for companies such as Bennotto and Gios.
Raul Cortina's son, Esteban, started designing mountain bike frames ing the 1990s after graduating from college. He created Cortina Cycles USA in Santa Barbara, California with his brothers Daniel and Adrian, who are professional racers. Cortina in 1994 became one of the first to produce a downhill frame with 8 inches of rear travel. Cortina now make frames from BMX to tandems.

## Technological Innovations

* Semi-Parallel Linkage of DHExtreme-8. This unique linkage design enables the rear triangle to move up and down on an almost vertical plane rather than pivoting about the bottom bracket conventionally. It therefore enables better tracking on the rear wheel.
* Fully Floating Linkage Design. This linkage design features on the Joyride and Europa-FS (semi-floating). This unique variation on the 4-bar linkage delivers progressive suspension whereby the ride becomes firmer as the shock is depressed. The shock is not attached directly to the static part of the frame at any point, hence 'floating'.
* Adjustable Wheel Base on 12 mm Thru-Axle. This axle setup features on the DHExtreme-8, Europa DS (12 mm version), Europa FS, and Triton DH. The Wheelbase can be adjusted horizontally by 1 inch to effect the handling of the bike. The axle is tightened with a 9 m allen key and memory locked with two smaller horizontal allen bolts, creating a very stiff wheelbase. The disk-brake mount and derailleur hanger make up either side of the moving section, and can therefore be replaced if damaged.
# Zaoying station

Zaoying (simplified Chinese: 枣营站; traditional Chinese: 棗營站; pinyin: Zǎoyíng Zhàn) is a station on Line 14 of the Beijing Subway. It is located in Chaoyang District. The station opened on 28 December 2014.

## Station layout

The station has an underground island platform.

## Exits

There are 2 exits, lettered A and D. Exit D is accessible.
# Range state

Range state is a term generally used in zoogeography and conservation biology to refer to any nation that exercises jurisdiction over any part of a range which a particular species, taxon or biotope inhabits, or crosses or overflies at any time on its normal migration route. The term is often expanded to also include, particularly in international waters, any nation with vessels flying their flag that engage in exploitation (e.g. hunting, fishing, capturing) of that species. Countries in which a species occurs only as a vagrant or ‘accidental’ visitor outside of its normal range or migration route are not usually considered range states.
Because governmental conservation policy is often formulated on a national scale, and because in most countries, both governmental and private conservation organisations are also organised at the national level, the range state concept is often used by international conservation organizations in formulating their conservation and campaigning policy.
An example of one such organization is the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS, or the “Bonn Convention”). It is a multilateral treaty focusing on the conservation of critically endangered and threatened migratory species, their habitats and their migration routes. Because such habitats and/or migration routes may span national boundaries, conservation efforts are less likely to succeed without the cooperation, participation, and coordination of each of the range states.
# Zvonko Stanojoski

Zvonko Stanojoski (Macedonian: Звонко Станојоски; born January 29, 1964, in Prilep) is a Macedonian chess Grandmaster. In 2007 he won the Open Championship of Macedonia with a score of 7.5/9, one point above Dragoljub Jacimovic. He achieved International Master status in 1999 and grandmaster status in 2004. On 30th of August 2015, he won Macedonian Championship once again.
Stanojoski played eight times for Macedonia in Chess Olympiads (1994–1998, 2002–2010).
# Gunnar Fougner

Gunnar Fougner (January 5, 1911 – October 20, 1995) was a Norwegian architect.
Gunnar Fougner was born in Lillehammer, Norway. He attended the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim where he graduated in 1934. Fougner began his first job as an assistant architect working for Ove Bang 1935–1938, followed by employment by Arne Korsmo in 1939.
He was an active resistance fighter during the Nazi occupation of Norway. Fougner left Norway in July 1940 to join a Norwegian group of special troops. Among other activities, he assisted in the transport of resistance fighters between Norway and Shetland. During the liberation of Norway, he was in a group under Major Leiv Kreyberg who led the liberation of Allies POWs in North Norway.
After World War II, he entered private practice in Lillehammer. He would later enter into partnership with Einar Myklebust. During the period 1955–1966, they won a number of major competitions. They completed the design of both the Munch Museum in Oslo, (1953–63)) and the Institute of Odontology in Bergen (1955–63).