OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Du Lingyang

Du Lingyang (Chinese: 杜陵陽; 321 – 7 April 341), formally Empress Chenggong (成恭皇后) was an empress of the Jin dynasty (266–420) of China. Her husband was Emperor Cheng of Jin.

## Naming

Some historians believe that her name was simply Du Ling, and that imperial archivists mistakenly attached the character "yang" to her name later. They point out that while the name of a county with the character "ling" in its name was changed pursuant to naming taboo, many names of places with "yang" in their names were not changed. However, there can be other explanations for this.

## Life

Du Lingyang was a daughter of Du Yi (杜乂), a mid-level official and the hereditary Marquis of Dangyang, a grandson of the general Du Yu, who contributed much to Emperor Wu of Jin's conquest of Eastern Wu. Du Yi died early, and Du Lingyang, who did not have any brothers, was raised by her mother Lady Pei.
Du Lingyang was famed for her beauty and virtues, and Emperor Cheng made her his empress on 17 March 336, when both of them were 15. He apparently favored her greatly, but she was childless. She died in April 341, a year before his death.
After her death, her name was tabooed (meaning that other important people or places should not share her name) to honour her, and thus the name of the county Lingyang (headquarter in modern Southern Lingyang town, Qingyang, Anhui) was changed to Guangyang. This is believed to be the first instance of a geographical name being changed due to a taboo of the name of an empress.
# Zantedeschia jucunda

Zantedeschia jucunda, the Highveld golden arum, is a perennial, flowering plant and geophyte that is part of the Araceae family. The species is endemic to Limpopo and occurs on the summit of the Leoloberge. The plant has an area of occurrence of less than 380 km$^2$. The plant is threatened by illegal collection by humans as well as mining and human activities.
# Brändli BX-2 Cherry

The Brändli BX-2 Cherry is two-seat sport homebuilt aircraft, designed by Max Brändli. More than one hundred had been constructed by 2010.

## Design and development

Max Brändli designed the Cherry in 1979 when he was 55 years old and started its construction in his cellar. He carried out all the structural and aerodynamic calculations and supervised the building, which took 3½ years and 5,500 hours of work. He also flew it on its first flight on 24 April 1982.
The Cherry is a low wing monoplane. It has a wood-framed fuselage and wings with wooden spars, styrofoam cores and glass fibre covering. The inner sections of the wings have constant chord and carry flaps; the outer sections are straight tapered with ailerons. The wings can be removed rapidly for transport. The tail surfaces are straight tapered and the stabilator is fitted with a full-span anti-servo tab.
The Cherry seats two, in side-by-side configuration under a large, almost fully transparent, forward sliding canopy. It has a retractable tricycle undercarriage, with simple, outward folding main gear. A non-retractable undercarriage is an option. The prototype was powered by a 65 hp (49 kW) Continental A65 flat four engine; since then, Cherrys have used flat fours with power of up to 100 hp (75 kW), including some from the Continental range, the Volkswagen-derived Limbach L.2400 and the Rotax 912. Also the flat 2-cylinder motorcycle derived BMW R1200GS has been used.

## Operational history

The Cherry is kit-built from plans, with some components provided. By 2010, more than 240 sets of plans had been sold and over 100 aircraft completed. In mid-2010, 76 were registered in Europe west of Russia, flying in Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Slovenia and the UK.
The prototype Cherry, HB-YBX flew around Europe for 25 years; in 2009, it crashed after take-off from Sundsvall-Härnösand Airport in Sweden, killing both Dani Gerwer and its designer, Max Brändli.

## Specifications

Data from Simpson p.114
General characteristics
* Capacity: 2
* Length: 5.31 m (17 ft 5 in)
* Wingspan: 6.98 m (22 ft 11 in)
* Height: 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in)
* Empty weight: 320 kg (705 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 550 kg (1,213 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Teledyne Continental C90 4-cylinder horizontally opposed air-cooled, 67 kW (90 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 260 km/h (160 mph, 140 kn)
* Cruise speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* Range: 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi)
* Endurance: 7 h
* Rate of climb: 3.0 m/s (590 ft/min)
# Isaac Newton Clark House

The Isaac Newton Clark House is a historic one-and-a-half-story house in Sutton, Nebraska. It was built in 1877 for Isaac Newton Clark, a teacher-turned-businessman from Ohio who served in the Union Army during the American Civil War in Illinois and eventually co-founded the city of Sutton. The house was designed in the Gothic Revival style, with a Neoclassical porch added in 1916. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 15, 1983.
# Hovin

Hovin may refer to:

## Places
### Iran

* Hovin, Iran, a village in Chahardangeh Rural District, Hurand District, Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province

### Norway

* Hovin or Valle-Hovin, a neighborhood in the city of Oslo
* Hovin, Telemark, a former municipality in Telemark county
* Hovin, Tinn, a village in Tinn municipality in Telemark county
* Hovin, Trøndelag, a village in Melhus municipality in Trøndelag county
* Hovin, Østfold, a village in Indre Østfold municipality in Østfold county, split from the former municipality of Spydeberg
* Hovin Church (Telemark), a church in Tinn municipality in Telemark county
# Romy Papadea

Romy Papadea is a Greek songwriter. Her best-known song is "Hano esena (Χάνω εσένα)" by Despina Vandi. Her sister is Greek singer Demy who represented Greece at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Romy has also written many of Demy's songs and two of them are the two of the three candidate songs for the Eurovision Song Contest. One of them is a pop-rock and the other is a dance song in cooperation with songwriter John Ballard. The music of the three candidate songs was written by Greek songwriter/music producer Dimitris Kontopoulos.
# Walden Ponds Wildlife Habitat

Walden Ponds Wildlife Habitat is a 102-acre (41 ha) Boulder County, Colorado park. It was reclaimed between 1974 and the 1990s from an open-pit gravel mine on the site, and is named after Walden "Wally" Toevs, the Boulder County Commissioner who spearheaded the plan to convert the gravel pits into a wildlife habitat.
After the mining ceased and the property had been stripped 15 feet (4.6 m) down to bedrock, all that was left were open pits and puddles of ground water.
The park has several ponds and marshlands, hiking trails, picnic facilities, restrooms, and fishing. It claims to be one of the best bird-watching areas in Boulder County.
# Cataglyphis fortis

Cataglyphis fortis is a species of ant in the subfamily Formicinae. Found in Tunisia, the ants inhabit salt pans where they forage dead arthropods.

## Navigation skills and internal pedometer
### Measuring the sun's angle

This ant ventures far from its burrow in the Sahara Desert, which has almost no identifiable features. While venturing out it periodically takes measurements of its angle in respect to the Sun. By doing this the ant can venture far from its nest in search of food. Because of the blistering heat, it can only do this for about 3–5 minutes/day (the hottest time of the day, when all its predators are in hiding from the sun). When the ant finds a dead insect it then looks at the sun and because of its periodic references to the sun's angle it knows exactly what the shortest route back to the nest is. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology have also verified that desert microhabitats have unique odour signatures that can guide the ants back to the nest.
This skill, which has also been observed in the behavior of foraging honey bees, is elemental to the survival of this species of ant under the harsh conditions in which it lives. This behavior allows Cataglyphis to travel farther from its nest than any other creature that lives in the Sahara, with respect to size.

### Pedometer

The ant appears to use an internal pedometer to count its steps in a harsh environment where odors quickly vanish, enabling it to "count back" to its nest. When stilts were glued on to the ants legs, they overshot the distance of their nests, while ants with cut legs traveled short of their nest. It's suspected that while the ants unlikely have the brainpower to literally count steps, they are somehow doing it intuitively.

### Food memory

Cataglyphis fortis is capable, as well, of memorizing up to 14 different food odors which seemingly exceeds its requirements for survival. Workers from a colony were presented with several different food odors and were observed to remember them for up to 25 days following their initial introduction to the odor, which exceeds the average expected lifespan of about six days before they tend to be killed by predators. Researchers were consequentially stunned that ants who had reached over four times the average expected age could still remember what they learned. Puzzled at this, they reasoned that it makes sense due to food being unpredictable, and the ants may come across several different food items in a single foraging run while nest scents tend to remain the same and will not drastically change during any given ant's lifetime.
# Humbauville

Humbauville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Casualism (philosophy)

Casualism is the philosophical view that the universe, its creation and development, is solely based on randomness.
The concept can be traced back to Epicurus (341 BC – 270 BC), however most of the original sources dealing with the concept have been lost and most material today is based on Diogenes Laërtius's work Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (c. 3rd century AD), and copies plus developments by Lucretius (c. 99 BC – c. 55 BC) and Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC).
Casualism assumes the universe came into existence as a random event, and was not created by any omnipotent entity. Followers have therefore often been accused of atheism. Casualism has certain atheistic traits, but none of the ancient philosophers denied the existence of gods. Epicurus postulates that the gods simply stay out of the day-to-day running of the universe and are not even aware of the existence of man. The philosophy is based on observations of well-known natural phenomena, such as ocean waves or the random fall of rain drops. Casualism is the concept of randomness as a philosophy.

## Related subjects

* Free will
* Determinism
* Indeterminism
* Randomness
* Existentialism
# Vizhikkithodu

Vizhikkithodu is a village located on the banks of river Manimala in Kanjirapally panchayath in Kottayam district of Kerala. Kanjirapally is the nearest town to this village and is located at a distance of 6 km. The Ponkunnam-Erumeli Road, which is one of the main roads for Sabarimala pilgrims passes through this village.

## Cultural centers

Two libraries are working in Vizhikkithodu to provide readership and knowledge to the people of the village. The main library is the PYMA Library. This library contains more than 2,000 book collections, reading hall, conference hall and library for children.

## Educational institutions

A government higher secondary school runs at this village. The school was founded in 1917.

## Health centers

A primary health center and a government Ayurvedic dispensary are located in the village.

## Places of worship

Chenappady Sreedharma Sastha Temple and Ilaankavu Bhagavathi Temple are the major Hindu shrines in the village. St. Mary's Church is the main Christian church in the village.
# Hyalobathra illectalis

Hyalobathra illectalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Sri Lanka and Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi).
# Hyde, McFarlan & Burke

Hyde, McFarlan & Burke (sometimes given as Hyde, McFarlane & Burke; Hyde, McFarland & Burke; and Hyde, McFarlin & Burke) was a construction firm that operated in the early 20th century from offices at 90 West Street in New York City and Madison, New Jersey. The company did much work for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, including the construction of miles 60.8 to 65.8 of the landmark Lackawanna Cut-Off, which required the movement of millions of tons of fill material using techniques similar to those used on the Panama Canal.
Founded as Hyde-McFarlan Co., the firm was renamed after the 1908 arrival of John Burke from Burke Brothers, another firm doing work on the Cut-Off.
In 1921, the firm purchased a used 20-ton Industrial locomotive crane from the Hog Island shipyard south of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
# Casa de los Balcones

La Casa de los Balcones (Spanish for "the house of the balconies") is a historic house and a museum in La Orotava on the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands.

## History

It was first built in 1632. It offers a great variety of typical Canarian products which one of then includes artwork, embroideries ceramics and more. The building has three stories, it features five balconies and at the second story, they are made out of wood. The patio features plants.
It has an artwork complex which is the most famous in the Canary Islands. It also has a training centre. Thousands of people visit the building in numerous departments. In the Casa de los Balcones has the crafts of Eladia Machado. In various living rooms, it features artwork. It became a tourist attraction of northern Tenerife.
28°23′18″N 16°31′33″W﻿ / ﻿28.38833°N 16.52583°W﻿ / 28.38833; -16.52583
# Virgin Money Australia

Virgin Money Australia is an Australian financial services company owned by Bank of Queensland, and has 150,000 customers.

## History
### Foundation

In 2003, Virgin Money was launched in Australia with the launch of Virgin Money credit cards. Virgin Money Australia initially launched in partnership with Macquarie Bank, followed by Westpac under a five-year agreement.
At the time of Virgin Money's launch in Australia the group company that combined the Virgin Money UK and Australian operations was co-owned by Virgin Group and HHG Group. In 2004 100% ownership of that UK/Australia group company was acquired by Virgin Group for AU$219 million.

### First products

It added superannuation (2005) and home loans (2008) to their product suite. The card was Australia's first no annual fee credit card. The card was marketed as a cheaper option to most other credit cards with up to 55 interest-free days and an interest rate of 12.99% (April 2007). Customers were entitled to offers through the credit card's 'Mates rates' scheme, which included offers from other Virgin companies in Australia such as Virgin Blue, Virgin Mobile and Virgin Atlantic. A comprehensive restaurant discount scheme, operated by the Entertainment Book company, was also available.
The Virgin Credit Card was withdrawn from sale in Australia as of 3 April 2008 after the five-year agreement with Westpac came to an end. Customers could continue to use their cards as normal, but no new Virgin credit cards would be issued. When a customer's card expired, they were transitioned to the 'Ignite' card by Westpac.

### Changes to product ranges

In 2008, Virgin Money Australia withdrew its home loan product from the Australian market due to the Great Recession and the credit cards portfolio was transferred to its supplier, Westpac, after the end of a five-year agreement. In 2009, Virgin Money launched car insurance, partnering with A&G Insurance Services and also announced their strategic alliance with CitiBank, with plans to launch a suite of retail banking services in 2010.
Virgin Money credit cards were relaunched in Australia on 27 July 2010 with two card types: the Velocity Rewards Credit Card, co-branded with Velocity Frequent Flyer, and the No Annual Fee Credit Card. All credit cards are also co-branded with Visa credit card.

### Purchase by Bank of Queensland

In 2013 Virgin Money Australia was bought by Bank of Queensland for $40 million. Under the deal, Bank of Queensland have rights to the Virgin Money name in Australia for four decades while paying royalties to the Virgin Group, and Virgin has a seat on the board of Bank of Queensland.
# Hussain Ali Yousafi

Hussain Ali Yousafi (Persian/Urdu: حسین علی یوسفی) was an ethnic Hazara politician in Balochistan, Pakistan. Yousafi was chairman of the Hazara Democratic Party (HDP) and a member of the Quetta city council. He was assassinated by unknown militants in 2009.

## Political and social career

Hussain Ali Yousafi received his master's degree in commerce from the University of Balochistan, Quetta in 1985. He was elected chairman of the Hazara Democratic Party in December 2008. Yousafi was twice elected president of the Hazara Student Federation (HSF) 1978 – 1985. Yousafi was also an executive member of Tanzeem Nasle Nau Hazara for several years after the 1980s. He ran several times as a candidate in Provisional and National Assembly elections. He was also a member of the city council of Quetta from 1983 to 1987.
Yousafi visited many countries for his peace mission and political objectives for the Hazara nation.

## Other academic and creative works

Hussain Ali Yousafi wrote and directed many Hazaragi-dialect dramas (writing 25 plays), and acted in them as well. He also wrote poetry in Hazaragi. His performance in Radio Pakistan Quetta in Hazaragi time as Peiwand lalai, a segment which is spoken in Hazaragi. Yousafi wrote several research works on Hazaragi idioms and proverbs in Urdu, Persian and English.

## Assassination

Hussain Ali Yousafi was shot by unknown in Quetta on 26 January 2009. His assassination was considered one of the greatest losses to the Hazara community since the 1995 killing of Abdul Ali Mazari by the Taliban in Afghanistan.

### Reactions to his assassination

Various political leaders from Pakistan, such as Asif Ali Zardari, and abroad condemned this political assassination. In reaction, Hazaras and others took part in protests and rallies in different countries. Demonstrations and protests were recorded in Pakistan and Afghanistan, as well as Canada, Australia, Europe, and the United States.
The Hazara Democratic Party organized an All Parties Conference (APC) on 8 February 2009 in Quetta, focused on the restoration of peace and condemnation of Yousafi's killing. The meeting was attended by a wide variety of Pakistani political parties, to include the National Party (Pakistan), Balochistan National Party, and Pakistan Muslim League.
The Hazara Democratic Party announced in a press conference at Quetta Press Club (1 February 2009),
   The Party's supreme council has decided on a title for HDP Chairman Hussain Ali Yousafi: Shaheed Chairman (Martyr Chairman) for his historic political and social services.
# Voinjama

Voinjama is a small city that serves as the capital of Lofa County, Liberia and is located in the hilly, far northern part of the country near the Guinean border. As of the 2008 national census, the population stood at 26,594.
Before the Liberian civil war it was a busy crossroads town, with a large weekly market. The population was principally from the Lorma and Mandingo tribes, with other ethnic groups from surrounding areas also present. It boasted a number of schools, including the public Voinjama Multilateral High School, as well as Saint Joseph's Catholic school under the direction of Sister Joan Margaret Kelly, and private schools run by Swedish missionaries and other groups. The Voinjama airport, outside of town on the road to Zorzor, featured a grass landing strip and flight service several times a week from Monrovia through the national carrier, Air Liberia.
The city had an electric generating station (with power in the evening) and a water treatment plant that supplied running water for most of the town. There were numerous general goods stores on the main road and a large parking station in the central plaza where one could catch a ride on a public car south to Zorzor, Gbarnga and Monrovia, west to Kolahun, Foya and Sierra Leone, or north to the Guinean border, four miles away.
Voinjama featured numerous churches of many different denominations as well as a mosque situated in the predominantly Muslim area of town known as the Mandingo Quarter. As capital of the county, it served as a government headquarters housing county officials and offices as well as being home to numerous international development projects, including the Lofa County Agricultural Development Project. It is served by a number of US Peace Corps Volunteers (Tarnue and Akoi) and Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers.
Subsistence rice farming was the principal occupation of most of the population. The rice generally grown in Liberia is dryland rice, on ground cleared through slashing and burning of the abundant forest land, and not paddy rice as in other parts of the world. Other prominent crops grown in the Voinjama area were cassava, potato greens, collard greens, and palm nuts, from which the popular red palm oil was extracted. "Palm wine" harvested from certain palm trees was also popular.
# Voinești, Dâmbovița

Voinești is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania with a population of 5,911 as of 2021. It is composed of eight villages: Gemenea-Brătulești, Izvoarele, Lunca, Manga, Mânjina, Oncești, Suduleni, and Voinești.
At Voinești, there is a powerful mediumwave broadcasting station with 2 masts, working on 630 kHz.

## Natives

* Cătălin Grigore (born 1977),footballer
# Catenella caespitosa

Catenella caespitosa is a small red marine alga.

## Description

This small alga grows to 20 mm high from a discoid holdfast and dark brown in colour. Very irregularly branched, creeping moss-like and terete. Branches easily seen to be constricted at intervals. Medulla, the inner cells, formed of thick-walled filaments and with a cortex of rows of elongated cells radially arranged compact cells.

## Habitat, ecology

Catanella caespitosa occurs in shaded sites on rock and around the holdfasts of the fucoids of the upper littoral.

## Distribution

Recorded around the British Isles, from Norway to the Mediterranean and further from the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

## Reproduction

The alga is monoecious, that is both male and female parts to be found on the same plant. The spermatangia, the male gametes, and carposporophytes, the diploid phase, grouped together in sori. Tetrasporangia occur scattered towards the tips of the filaments of separate plants.
# Cannabis in Hungary

Cannabis in Hungary is illegal. There is no distinction in Hungarian law between prohibited drugs: use of cannabis has the same legal consequences as heroin use. Hungarian law prohibits distribution and use, including medical use; the punishment for distribution is higher than for personal use. 283. § (1) paragraph (a) states that "One cannot be punished for drug misuse; if a small, personal amount is produced, acquired, or in possession..." and continues to state that "... provided that before a final verdict is determined a verification is provided that continuous 6-month therapy has taken place" The law determines that a "personal quantity" is defined as 1 gram of active substance (i.e. THC), equivalent to 12–100 grams of marijuana assuming that marijuana contains 1–8% THC per unit mass. Possession of larger amounts can lead to a five to ten year prison sentence.
According to a 2019 article, cannabis for medical use is legal in theory, as some Sativex prescriptions have been made, but patients can rarely get it prescribed and the price is high.
Since 2013 the possession of 12g to 100g of cannabis (with approximately 1% THC content) is punishable by up to 8 years in prison, with imprisonment up to life for possession of larger quantities.
# Břežany (Znojmo District)

Břežany is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
Břežany lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Znojmo, 42 km (26 mi) south-west of Brno, and 194 km (121 mi) south-east of Prague.