OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# VSNL Northern Europe

VSNL Northern Europe (previously TGN Northern Europe) is a telecommunications cable system with both submarine and terrestrial parts, connecting England and the Netherlands.
The submarine portion of the system runs for 562 km, and is constructed from cable containing four fibre pairs, utilising eight repeaters. Each fibre pair was commissioned to support sixty-four 10 Gbit/s wavelengths at construction, allowing for a total capacity of four fibre pairs at 640 Gbit/s each, or 2,560 Gbit/s in total.
The cable system's submarine portions have landing points in facilities near:
* Hunmanby, England, United Kingdom
* Eemshaven, Netherlands
And are further extended inland by a terrestrial systems to:
* Stratford, United Kingdom
* Groningen, Netherlands
* Amsterdam Science Park, Netherlands
In April 2016, Tata Communications (née VSNL) reputedly sold the entire cable system (including inland points of presence and co-location facilities) to a company trading as UnitedNet Ltd in the United Kingdom, however no publication of the sale has been made.
UnitedNet claim that the cable system is capable of operating at 100 Gbit/s per wavelength currently, with 400 Gbit/s speeds achievable following future upgrades.
# Brownsboro, Oregon

Brownsboro is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 140 about 4 miles (6 km) east of Eagle Point.
The community, along Little Butte Creek, was named in 1853 for Henry R. Brown, who owned the land at this location. A post office called Brownsborough opened here in 1873. John Bilger was the first postmaster. The post office name was changed to Brownsboro in 1892, and the office remained open until 1954.
# Castel Savelli

Castel Savelli (also Castel Savello) was a castle near Albano Laziale, in the Lazio region of central Italy. The Savelli family had owned the estate since the 1160s, and build the castle during the papal reign of Pope Honorius III (1216–1227) and Pope Honorius IV (1285–1287). The castle was razed by the forces of cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi in 1435, and never rebuilt.
# Campodea epirotica

Campodea epirotica is a species of two-pronged bristletail in the family Campodeidae.
# Catavi mine

Catavi is a tin mine in Bolivia, near the city of Llallagua in the province of Bustillos, Potosí Department. Along with the Siglo XX mine, it is part of a mining complex in the area.
Apart from the Catavi-Siglo XX mining complex; it refers as well to a residential area, to a mill processing ore and to an administrative office of the Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL).

## History

It was acquired in the 1900s by Simón Iturri Patiño, who was dubbed the "King of Tin." It was the site of continual labor strife, and many of its workers were active in the Union Federation of Bolivian Mine Workers (FSTMB). The mining camp kept the largely indigenous workforce in rigidly segregated conditions, away from the American managerial staff; housing, water supplies, shops, transport, entertainment, and bathrooms were all segregated. This division in daily life contributed to a climate of tension between Bolivian workers and foreign management.
During a labor dispute between miners and management in December 1942, the striking miners at Patiño's Catavi mine were massacred by government troops in the Catavi Massacre. The mine was nationalized following the "Bolivian National Revolution" of 1952, when the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) and its allies overthrew the military junta. Catavi and other mines were placed under the control of a new state agency, the Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL). The Catavi-Siglo XX complex became the largest component of COMIBOL, employing some 5,000 workers.
On June 24, 1967, government troops under the orders of General René Barrientos and a new military junta marched on the mine and committed the largest massacre of workers in Bolivian history. The massacre occurred on St John the Baptist's Day, an indigenous winter solstice holiday, hence it became known as the San Juan Massacre.
Over the following decades, the tin deposits in the mine become exhausted. In 1987, as part of an economic restructuring deal with the IMF and World Bank, the government shut down production at Catavi.
# Change of fiber

In algebraic topology, given a fibration p:E→B, the change of fiber is a map between the fibers induced by paths in B.
Since a covering is a fibration, the construction generalizes the corresponding facts in the theory of covering spaces.

## Definition

If β is a path in B that starts at, say, b, then we have the homotopy $h:p^{-1}(b)\times I\to I{\overset {\beta }{\to }}B$ where the first map is a projection. Since p is a fibration, by the homotopy lifting property, h lifts to a homotopy $g:p^{-1}(b)\times I\to E$ with $g_{0}:p^{-1}(b)\hookrightarrow E$. We have:
    $g_{1}:p^{-1}(b)\to p^{-1}(\beta (1))$.
(There might be an ambiguity and so $\beta \mapsto g_{1}$ need not be well-defined.)
Let $\operatorname {Pc} (B)$ denote the set of path classes in B. We claim that the construction determines the map:
    $\tau :\operatorname {Pc} (B)\to$ the set of homotopy classes of maps.
Suppose β, β' are in the same path class; thus, there is a homotopy h from β to β'. Let
    $K=I\times \{0,1\}\cup \{0\}\times I\subset I^{2}$.
Drawing a picture, there is a homeomorphism $I^{2}\to I^{2}$ that restricts to a homeomorphism $K\to I\times \{0\}$. Let $f:p^{-1}(b)\times K\to E$ be such that $f(x,s,0)=g(x,s)$, $f(x,s,1)=g'(x,s)$ and $f(x,0,t)=x$.
Then, by the homotopy lifting property, we can lift the homotopy $p^{-1}(b)\times I^{2}\to I^{2}{\overset {h}{\to }}B$ to w such that w restricts to $f$. In particular, we have $g_{1}\sim g_{1}'$, establishing the claim.
It is clear from the construction that the map is a homomorphism: if $\gamma (1)=\beta (0)$,
    $\tau ([c_{b}])=\operatorname {id} ,\,\tau ([\beta ]\cdot [\gamma ])=\tau ([\beta ])\circ \tau ([\gamma ])$
where $c_{b}$ is the constant path at b. It follows that $\tau ([\beta ])$ has inverse. Hence, we can actually say:
    $\tau :\operatorname {Pc} (B)\to$ the set of homotopy classes of homotopy equivalences.
Also, we have: for each b in B,
    $\tau :\pi _{1}(B,b)\to$ { [ƒ] | homotopy equivalence $f:p^{-1}(b)\to p^{-1}(b)$ }
which is a group homomorphism (the right-hand side is clearly a group.) In other words, the fundamental group of B at b acts on the fiber over b, up to homotopy. This fact is a useful substitute for the absence of the structure group.

## Consequence

One consequence of the construction is the below:
* The fibers of p over a path-component is homotopy equivalent to each other.
# Hypoestes pubescens

Hypoestes pubescens is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is endemic to Socotra.
# King crow

King crow or King Crow may refer to:
* Jon Snow (character), a fictional character from A Song of Ice and Fire
* Black drongo, a bird found in Asia
* Euploea klugii, a butterfly found in India and Southeast Asia
# Edward Everett Grosscup

Edward Everett Grosscup (August 2, 1860 – December 16, 1933) was chairman of the New Jersey Democratic State Committee from 1911 to 1919 and Treasurer of the State of New Jersey from 1913 to 1915. In 1916 he became the New Jersey state purchasing agent.

## Biography

He was born on August 2, 1860, in Bridgeton, New Jersey, to Charles Christopher Grosscup and Anna Dare Hires.
He married Sarah E. Finlaw (1858–1884) on October 19, 1881, in Camden, New Jersey, and had as their child, Walter Truman Grosscup (1883–1950).
After the death of his first wife he married Anna Josephine Swaney (1861–1907) on July 10, 1885, in Camden and had as their children: George Charles Grosscup (1887–1936), and Ethel Amanda Grosscup (1891–1949).
Grosscup had made an unsuccessful run in Cumberland County for sheriff in 1896, and lost a race for a seat in the New Jersey Senate in 1898 to Edward C. Stokes, a Republican who would later be elected as Governor. He moved to Gloucester County in 1899, settling in Wenonah, later making an unsuccessful run for Congress, opposing Henry Clay Loudenslager.
He was elected Treasurer of the State of New Jersey in 1913 replacing Daniel Spader Voorhees. He married for a third time, Florence Steele (born 1895) on June 17, 1914.
He became the state purchasing agent for New Jersey on March 21, 1916.
He died on December 16, 1933, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at age 73.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Grosscup State Treasurer and Hughes Senator". The New York Times. January 29, 1913. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
* 1 2 3 Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey. 1921.
* ↑ "Walter T. Grosscup, Philadelphia Aide, 67". The New York Times. September 25, 1950. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
* ↑ Scannell, John James. Scannell's New Jersey's First Citizens and State Guide: Biographies of the Notable Living Men and Women of New Jersey with informing glimpses into the State's History, Affairs, Officialism and Institutions 1919-1920 (Volume II), p. 198. J. J. Scannell, 1919. Accessed November 30, 2013.
* ↑ "Treasurer Weds His Treasure". Pittsburg Press. July 12, 1914. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
# Kakeru Yamanobe

Kakeru Yamanobe (山野辺 翔, Yamanobe Kakeru, born May 24, 1994) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays infielder for the Saitama Seibu Lions.
# VSMU

VSMU can refer to:
* Vladivostok State Medical University
* Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (Vysoká škola múzických umení v Bratislave, VŠMU)
# Jim Birr

James Otto Birr (August 22, 1916 – June 8, 2006) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Indianapolis Kautskys in the National Basketball League and averaged 7.0 points per game. In college, he played on the football and basketball teams for Indiana University. In football he received All-America votes.
Birr was a multi-faceted individual as well. He served in World War II aboard the USS Belleau Wood and received both a Bronze Star and a Purple Heart. He was an original investor in the formation of the New York Titans professional football team (then of the AFL, now known as the New York Jets of the NFL), unsuccessfully ran to become the mayor of Indianapolis, created his own independent basketball team called the Jim Birr All-Stars, and created and published the magazine Movie Digest. Later in life, Birr moved to South Florida and got into real estate development. There, he played a part in the development of the Daytona International Speedway.
# Catawba

Catawba may refer to:
* Catawba people, a Native American tribe in the Carolinas
* Catawba language, a language in the Catawban languages family
* Catawban languages

## Botany

* Catalpa, a genus of trees, based on the name used by the Catawba and other Native American tribes
* Catawba (grape), a variety of grape
* Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense), a flowering shrub plant

## Places in the United States

* Catawba, Missouri
* Catawba, North Carolina
* Catawba, Ohio
* Catawba Island Township, Ottawa County, Ohio
* Catawba Island State Park, part of Lake Erie Islands State Park, Ohio
* Catawba, South Carolina
* Catawba, Virginia
* Catawba, West Virginia
* Catawba, Wisconsin
* Catawba (town), Wisconsin
* Catawba County, North Carolina
* Catawba Mountain, see Catawba, Virginia
* Catawba River
* Catawba Valley, see Catawba, Virginia

## Other

* USS Catawba, the name of an ironclad and several United States Navy tugs
* Catawba College, Salisbury, North Carolina
* Catawba Nuclear Station, near Rock Hill, South Carolina
* Catawba Two Kings Casino, Kings Mountain, North Carolina
* Camp Catawba, a former boys' camp in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina
* Catawba worm, the larval stage of the Ceratomia catalpae moth
* Catawba Hospital, a mental health facility in Catawba, Virginia
* Catawba, a fictional state in Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel
# Change of gauge (aviation)

In air transport, a change of gauge for a passenger or cargo flight is a change of aircraft that retains the same flight number. The term is borrowed from the rail transport practice of gauge change. When a feeder flight connects to a flight on a larger aircraft, this is sometimes called a funnel flight. An example of a change of gauge flight from a larger aircraft to a smaller aircraft during the early 1970s can be found in the Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) April 29, 1973 system timetable with Pan Am flight 295 from New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) nonstop to San Juan, Puerto Rico (SJU) being operated with a Boeing 747 with the continuation of Pan Am flight 295 from San Juan nonstop to Port of Spain (POS) being operated with a Boeing 727 with through passengers from New York City to Port of Spain being required to change aircraft in San Juan.
A Y-type change of gauge is one a given flight being transferred into two other flights with different destinations and has two flight numbers. For example, flight number 100 may fly Boston-Paris-Athens, and flight number 200 may fly Boston–Paris–Rome, with the Boston–Paris leg being on the same aircraft in both cases.
Some passengers, such as persons with disabilities or who otherwise are not disposed to make a connection, prefer to book on flights without a change of aircraft. However, passengers could incorrectly assume that if they are traveling on a single flight number they will not be required to change planes. Single flight numbers are typically used for an originating domestic to international destination or the return (e.g., San Francisco to Chicago to Paris).

## United States

As of 2001, six U.S. based airlines, being American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Northwest Airlines, US Airways, and United Airlines, had flights that featured a change of gauge. Title 14 CFR Part 258, "Disclosure of Change of Gauge Services," requires air carriers to disclose to passengers, travelling on a single flight number, if they will be required to change planes during the flight. Part 258 requires the air carriers to inform the consumer that there is a change of gauge in the itinerary before the reservation is made.
# Hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy

This is an experimental form of intensity-modulated radiotherapy where higher X-ray dosages are used in fewer fractions (sessions) this is called hypofractionated radiotherapy. Although the dose per fraction is higher than standard radiotherapy, the total dose is lower.
The hope is that it will be as effective but cause less toxicity.

## Prostate cancer

One trial for prostate cancer ran in 2011. In 2016 the HYPRO study reported results comparing the use of standard fractionation (39 fractions of 2 Gy for 8 weeks) with hypofractionation (with 19 fractions of 3.4 Gy for 6.5 weeks) among 820 patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer.
# Chikai

Chikai may refer to:
* "Chikai" (Eiko Shimamiya song), 2009
* "Chikai" (Do As Infinity song), 2011
* "Chikai" (Hikaru Utada song), 2018
* "Chikai" or "The Oath", a volume of manga series One Piece, 1998
# Edyth Carter Beveridge

Edyth Gertrude Carter Beveridge (c. 1862 – August 29, 1927) was an American photojournalist. Beveridge documented life in Richmond, Virginia at the turn of the century. Throughout the 1890s she took photographs for the Richmond News and the Richmond Times. Beveridge began authoring the articles that accompanied her photographs. She went on to create photo essays for the Ladies' Home Journal, The Century Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and Collier's.
Her work is in the Library of Congress and the Virginia Historical Society.

## Gallery

* Original Retreat Hospital, Richmond, Va 1883
* Interior of Richmond Theater, 1890
* Confederate Reunion Parade Richmond, 1907
# Kakesio

Kakesio is an administrative ward in the Ngorongoro District of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 6,179 people in the ward, from 5,537 in 2012.
# VSNL Transpacific

TGN-Pacific (TGN-P, previously VSNL Transpacific) is a submarine telecommunications cable system transiting the Pacific Ocean.
The cable system is constructed with one cable from Emi, Japan, to Hillsboro, Oregon, United States; one from Toyohashi, Japan, to Hillsboro; one from Toyohashi, Japan, to Los Angeles, California, United States; and one from Toyohashi to Guam. The cables between Japan and Hillsboro are each constructed with 8 fibre pairs per cable. At construction the cable could support up to 96 10 Gbit/s waves in its 2001 configuration. In 2014 the cable was upgraded to 100G optical transport.
It has landing points in:
* Emi, Kamogawa City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
* Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
* Piti, Guam
* Nedonna Beach, Tillamook County near Hillsboro, Washington County, Oregon, United States (two cable landing points)
* Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles County, California, United States
Tata Communications (formerly VSNL) acquired the cable from its builder Tyco in May, 2005.
# Realms of Magic

Realms of Magic is a role-playing game supplement published by TSR in 1986 for the Marvel Super Heroes role-playing game.

## Contents

Realms of Magic is a supplement describing a magic system for the Basic game rules, with numerous demons, dimensions, magic items and spells, and 16 magical heroes and villains.
Realms of Magic includes a pair of gamemaster's screens, one of which doubles as the cover, while the other is double-sided with the game's Universal Table on one side, three books with a total of 96 pages between them, and artwork from Marvel throughout. Book 1 shows what spells are available to characters, and explains how the spells are cast what effects they have. It also presents a new character generation system specifically for magic-using characters. Book 2 contains background information and details the magical realms of the Marvel Universe, as well as some of the powerful magical entities found there, and information on things such as cults and magic items. Book 3 details magic-using characters such as Doctor Strange and Baron Mordo and various magical creatures, and includes some characters whose game statistics have been altered using the new rules such as Doctor Doom and Magik.

## Publication history

MHAC9 Realms of Magic was written by Kim Eastland, with a cover by Marshall Rogers and Terry Austin, and was published by TSR, Inc., in 1986 as two 40-page books, a 16-page book, and two outer folders.

## Reception

Pete Tamlyn reviewed Realms of Magic for White Dwarf #80. He declared: "For those of us, like myself [...] who are great fans of Dr. Strange it is most welcome." He added, "In the original game, magic was glossed over, but then so was everything else bar combat [...] I quite liked the simplicity of the original. But those who need full rules, or in the case of MSH full background, Realms of Magic is very good". His main complaint was one of style: "After the refreshingly simple and elegant game systems in MSH, Realms marks a return to the bad old AD&D style of masses of tables and long lists of specific spells. Also TSR are the unfortunate victims of the state of utter chaos that the Marvel magical universe has got into. It Realms seems confusing to you, don't blame Kim Eastland, blame twenty years of comic writers each going their own way. Having said that, if you are a comic fan and want to try to make sense of Marvel magic there is no better reference work than Realms."

## Reviews

* GameMaster Publications #4 (Jun 1986)
# Roy Geary

Roy Geary may refer to:
* Roy Geary (Prison Break), a Prison Break character
* Roy C. Geary (1896–1983), Irish statistician
# Kellgren

Kellgren is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christer Kellgren (born 1958), Swedish ice hockey player
* Gary Kellgren (1939–1977), American audio engineer
* George Kellgren (born 1943), Swedish firearms designer
* Jessica Kellgren-Fozard, English YouTuber
* Johan Henric Kellgren (1751–1795), Swedish poet and critic
* Katherine Kellgren, American narrator
# Jikuu Keisatsu Wecker D-02

Jikuu Keisatsu Wecker D-02 (時空警察ヴェッカーD-02, Jikū Keisatsu Vekkā Dī Ō Tsū, Chrono Police Wecker D-02) is a Japanese tokusatsu series that aired on TV Asahi from January 10 to March 28, 2002. The series featured Kohei Murakami as Chrono Investigator Kent Kiba, who would later star in Kamen Rider 555 as Masato Kusaka/Kamen Rider Kaixa.

## Theme song

* "Hana" (花, "Flower")
** Lyrics: Tetsuhiko Suzuki
** Composition: expo
** Arrangement: Naoki Yamada, Uni Inoue
** Artist: Mariko Kōda
# Hywel Swrdwal

Hywel Swrdwal (fl. 1430 – 1475) was a poet in the Welsh language from Machynlleth, Powys.
Hywel composed poems on themes of patriotism and religion. He was the father of two sons, Ieuan ap Hywel Swrdwal and Dafydd ap Hywel Swrdwal.
# Raphitoma hoernesi

Raphitoma hoernesi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter 7 mm.
The oblong-clavate shell is thick and solid. The conical spire is acuminate and contains eight narrow whorls. The whorls show nine, pronounced, straight longitudinal ribs positioned at equal and regular intervals, becoming slightly nodulous at the suture. The interstices are somewhat larger and slightly cut across by striae. The body whorl is somewhat smaller than the spire. The siphonal canal is short, narrow and somewhat twisted. The outer lip is incrassate and inside denticulate. The columella is wrinkled.

## Distribution

Fossils of this extinct marine species were found in Miocene strata in Aquitaine, France.
# Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya, Junnar

19°12′N 73°53′E﻿ / ﻿19.2°N 73.88°E﻿ / 19.2; 73.88
Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya, formerly New English School, Junnar is one of the oldest and reputed school in the western Maharashtra, in the town of Junnar in Pune district. It was established in 1935 by the Junnar Education Society under the intellectual and academic leadership of the famous educator R.P.Sabnis, a Cambridge University alumni. The institute has the motto "Play the game" and धर्मं चर (Practise the Virtue) from Taittiriya Upanishad.
The institute is built on 18 acres (7.3 ha) of land donated by Rao-Saheb Ramchandra Anaji Butte Patil in memory of his son, Shankarrao Butte Patil. Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya has secondary, higher secondary and English medium school running under its umbrella.
# VIJA AG-12Si

The VIJA AG-12Si is a French aircraft engine, designed and produced by VIJA Aircraft Engines of Toulouse for use in ultralight and homebuilt aircraft.
The company was founded in 2004 and went out of business in about 2015, ending production.

## Design and development

The engine is a four-cylinder four-stroke, in-line, 1,216 cc (74.2 cu in) displacement, 16 valve, air-cooled, fuel injected motorcycle conversion, petrol engine design, with a mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 2.55:1. It employs electronic ignition and produces 120 hp (89 kW) at 7100 rpm, with a compression ratio of 11.5.

## Variants
### AG-12Si

    Base model with a weight of 84 kg (185.2 lb).

### AG-12Sbi

    Model with a weight of 79 kg (174.2 lb).

## Specifications (AG-12Si)

Data from Tacke

### General characteristics

* Type: Four cylinder, four stroke aircraft engine
* Bore: 81 mm (3.2 in)
* Stroke: 59 mm (2.3 in)
* Displacement: 1,186 cc (72.4 cu in)
* Length: 585 mm (23.0 in)
* Width: 485 mm (19.1 in)
* Height: 565 mm (22.2 in)
* Dry weight: 84 kg (185.2 lb)

### Components

* Fuel system: Fuel injection
* Fuel type: petrol
* Cooling system: air
* Reduction gear: mechanical gearbox, reduction ratio 2.55:1

### Performance

* Power output: 120 hp (89 kW) at 7100 rpm
* Compression ratio: 11.5:1