OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Traditional architecture of Papua New Guinea

The traditional architecture of Papua New Guinea (PNG) reflects the diversity and ingenuity of this Pacific Island nation, with over 850 different ethnic groups each with its own distinct architectural styles, techniques, and materials. Their typical buildings range from houses on stilts to ceremonial and spiritual centers.

## Overview

The island's diverse geographic conditions, which include coastal areas, lowland rainforests, highland valleys, and swamplands, have significantly influenced the traditional architecture in each region. Buildings are typically constructed using locally sourced materials such as bamboo, wood, palm leaves, and sago palm. Each structure has a distinct purpose, whether for living, community gatherings, spiritual rituals, or warfare.

### Housing

Traditional housing varies widely across the country. In coastal areas and swamps, the 'stilt house' or 'pile dwelling' is common. These are raised on wooden posts above the ground or water to protect against flooding, insects, and predators. The flooring is often made of split bamboo or sago palm, while the walls and roofs are typically thatched with palm leaves or grass.
In the highland regions, the round or oval-shaped houses, often known as 'Pit Houses', are partially or fully buried in the ground for insulation and protection against the elements. These houses often have a hearth at the center, used for cooking and warmth.

### Ceremonial and Spiritual Architecture

Communal longhouses, also known as "Spirit Houses" or "Haus Tambarans," play a crucial role in the social and spiritual life of many Papua New Guinean communities, particularly in the Sepik River region. They are typically larger and more elaborately decorated than other buildings, showcasing intricate carvings and paintings depicting ancestral spirits and local mythologies. These structures are often the venue for initiation rites, meetings, and ceremonies.
In the highland regions, the ceremonial men's houses known as "Mendi" are used for similar purposes. These large, impressive structures are typically decorated with culturally significant symbols and motifs.

### Construction Techniques

Traditional construction techniques in Papua New Guinea are designed to withstand the region's diverse and often challenging climatic conditions. Joinery techniques, such as mortise and tenon or lashing with vines, are used to create sturdy, flexible structures that can withstand earthquakes and heavy winds. Thatched roofs are angled steeply to shed rain quickly, and many houses are designed with high-pitched roofs and open sides to allow for air circulation, offering a practical solution to the tropical heat.
# Effe (magazine)

Effe was a monthly feminist magazine which was published between 1973 and 1982. It was similar to Ms. Magazine. Effe was headquartered in Rome.

## History and profile

Effe was established in 1973. Its stated goal was to provide women with a way to avoid their loneliness. The magazine inspired from the views of American feminist Shulamith Firestone. Daniela Colombo was one of the founders and editors-in-chief of the magazine, which was published on a monthly basis. The other founder was Alma Sabatini. The first editor of Effe was Gabriella Parca. In the 1970s Adele Cambria was among the editors of the magazine, which extensively dealt with the topics of love and affective relationships between couples. For the contributors of the magazine love was an abstract notion as well as a fact of daily life, both heterosexual and homosexual. Effe frequently attacked mainstream women's magazines in Italy.
Effe ceased publication in 1982.
# Edwin Holmes (inventor)

Edwin Holmes (April 25, 1820 – 1901) was an American businessman who is credited with inventing, commercializing the electromagnetic burglar alarm and with establishing the first burglar alarm networks.

## Biography

Holmes was born in West Boylston, Massachusetts, to Sally Graves and Thomas Holmes. His father was from New Hampshire where he served as the town postmaster. Holmes married Eliza Ann Richardson. They had four children (two boys and two girls). One girl was Titanic survivor Ella Holmes White.
Edwin started his business in 1849 in Boston, as a seller of household items and entrepreneur, and acquired skills which later helped him in establishing the burglar alarm industry.

## Burglar alarm

The alarm was patented in 1853 by the Reverend Augustus Russell Pope (1819–1858) of Somerville, Massachusetts. Edwin Holmes acquired Pope's patent rights in 1857 for US$1500 and manufactured the device in his factory in Boston, Massachusetts. He began to sell them in 1858. His son Edwin Thomas Holmes took over his father's company after his death and documented the events in his biography, A Wonderful Fifty Years.
Initially, people were fearful of and skeptical about using electricity for alarms, and the business did not go well. Therefore, in 1859, in search of a new and bigger market Holmes moved his business to New York, which was then perceived as a place where "all the country's burglars made their home". There, by 1866 he installed 1,200 home alarms and began successful marketing among business enterprises. By 1877, he established the first network of alarms monitored by a central station in New York and sent his son to copy this system in Boston. Edwin Thomas, however, discovered that the network could use the pre-existing phone cables instead of laying its own. In this way, he quickly assembled a 700-alarm network, which his father then copied in New York.
In 1878, Holmes became the president of the newly established Bell Phone Company. While he sold his interests two years later for US$100,000, he kept his rights to use the company phone lines for his alarm system. The use of electricity for street lights in 1880 changed the market, as people started accepting electrical models. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company bought the Holmes Burglar business in 1905, linking it to emergency call systems for contacting police and fire fighting personnel. After World War II, many inventions were introduced into the business of home alarm systems. It became less expensive and more versatile for use in the 1980s and by the middle of the 1990s the system had become a standard feature. In the most advanced examples of anti-burglary systems, motion detectors, surveillance equipment and electronic tracking devices are being used.
# Traffic Power

Traffic Power was a Las Vegas, Nevada search engine optimization company that engaged in black hat techniques. These were spamdexing practices that violated Google's webmaster guidelines. As a result, some Traffic Power clients have been banned from Google's organic search results.
According to a Wall Street Journal profile of the company, Traffic Power used high-risk techniques and failed to disclose those risks to its clients. Wired reported that Traffic Power sued blogger Aaron Wall and the website Traffic Power Sucks for stating that they were banned. Google software engineer Matt Cutts later confirmed that Google did in fact ban Traffic Power and some of its clients.
In January 2009 Traffic Power CEO Matt Marlon was jailed on accusations of fraud related to a foreclosure scam.
# Crow (Sioux leader)

Crow was a Lakota Sioux chief who gave the opening battle cry at the Battle of the Little Big Horn.
# Eifion Lewis-Roberts

Eifion Lewis-Roberts (born 13 February 1981 in St Asaph, Denbighshire, Wales) is a former Welsh international rugby union player. A Prop forward, Roberts was selected for the Wales national rugby union team for the Autumn internationals series in October 2008, playing his first game on 14 November against Canada. Roberts is a fluent Welsh speaker.
On 18 January 2010 he was named in the 35-man Wales national Squad for the 2010 Six Nations Championship.
Despite interest from clubs in the Celtic League and the French Top 14, Lewis-Roberts signed a three-year contract with Sale Sharks in March 2010. In September the same year, early in the season, Lewis-Roberts suffered an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament in his knee in a match against Harlequins. As Lewis-Robert required re-constructive surgery on his knee, he was expected to miss most of the season. He signed for French Top 14 outfit Toulon in 2011 reuniting with Philippe Saint-Andre his former coach at Sale. At the end of the 2011–12 season he returned to Sale Sharks as part of a deal which saw Andrew Sheridan go in the other direction to Toulon.
Lewis-Roberts retired from rugby in September 2017 after suffering a knee injury.
# Edward W. St. Pierre House

The Edward W. St. Pierre House is a historic house in the West Salem neighborhood of Salem, Oregon, United States. It is also known as Elkirk Ranch and was built in 1911. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
It was deemed significant:
   as that place which is most importantly associated with the leader of early prison reform in Oregon. Although E. W. St. Pierre had retired at the time the ranch was developed, he carried on his connection with the State Penitentiary which he had done so much to improve, by acting in the capacity of visiting chaplain. Edward Walter St. Pierre (1859-1917) and his wife both were natives of Illinois and were educated there. Their arrival in Portland in 1894 was preceded by extensive missionary service in Persia on behalf of the Presbyterian Church. While a clergyman at Portland's St. John's Presbyterian Church, St. Pierre helped form the Prisoner's Aid Society in 1903 to assist released convicts. His commitment to social reforms attracted the notice of the government, and he was tapped to serve inmates of the Oregon State Penitentiary as the first permanent chaplain. During the tenure of Governor Earle Chamberlain, 1903-1909, he urged enactment of a parole system as an incentive to rehabilitation, and became Oregon's first State parole officer in 1906. St. Pierre believed, in keeping with the progressive ideology of his day, that inmates should be segregated based on the degree of their offenses as a means of preventing the "hardening" of youthful offenders. He advocated rehabilitation of inmates through education and job training. He improved the prison library, started an orchestra there, and founded a prison newspaper. A chapel was constructed inside the prison compound in 1911, before ill health forced St. Pierre's retirement later in the same year. It no longer stands, having been replaced in the 1960s. Neither are either of the houses the St. Pierres occupied near downtown Salem during Governor Chamberlain's term of office extant. Thus "Elkirk Ranch" clearly is the remaining property most importantly associated with the reformer during the years he lived and ministered in the capital city and environs.
The two-story house has wood siding.
It is 35 by 50 feet (11 m × 15 m) in plan. Its interior has fir floors throughout and includes "fine Craftsman details with square, boxed pillars at the central stair landing, and built-in cupboards in the living room, dining room and study."
# Croceicoccus

Croceicoccus is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

## Etymology

The name Croceicoccus derives from: Latin adjective croceus, yellow, golden; Neo-Latin masculine gender noun coccus (from Greek masculine gender noun kokkos (κόκκος)), grain or berry; Neo-Latin masculine gender noun Croceicoccus, yellow coccus, referring to a yellow coccoid-shaped bacterium.

## Species

The genus contains a single species, namely C. marinus ( Xu et al. 2009, (Type species of the genus).; Latin masculine gender adjective marinus, of or belonging to the sea, marine.)
# Elaphropus rubronitens

Elaphropus rubronitens is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Bruneau De Mire in 1966.
# Crystal Bay

Crystal Bay is the name of:
* Crystal Bay (Lake Superior), a bay in Minnesota
* Crystal Bay, Minnesota
* Crystal Bay Township, Lake County, Minnesota
* Crystal Bay, Nevada
# Crystal Bay, Nevada

Crystal Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) located on the north shore of Lake Tahoe in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 305 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Reno−Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2010, it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau within the Incline Village–Crystal Bay CDP.

## Geography

Elevation ranges from 6,229 feet (1,899 m) on the shore of Lake Tahoe to over 6,800 feet (2,100 m) above sea level. The CDP is located on the north shore of Lake Tahoe, adjacent to the California state line.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.77 square miles (2.0 km$^2$), of which 0.46 square miles (1.2 km$^2$) is land and 0.31 square miles (0.8 km$^2$), or 42.12%, is water.

## Climate

Crystal Bay has a humid continental climate (Dsb) with warm to hot summers with cool nights and moderately cold winters with frigid nights.
Climate data for Incline Village–Crystal Bay, Nevada :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 39.4 (4.1) | 40.6 (4.8) | 44.2 (6.8) | 49.3 (9.6) | 58.1 (14.5) | 65.7 (18.7) | 73.2 (22.9) | 73.4 (23.0) | 68.4 (20.2) | 59.7 (15.4) | 49.5 (9.7) | 42.1 (5.6) | 55.3 (12.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.5 (−6.4) | 23.7 (−4.6) | 28.9 (−1.7) | 36.3 (2.4) | 41.0 (5.0) | 47.7 (8.7) | 54.1 (12.3) | 54.0 (12.2) | 47.3 (8.5) | 42.6 (5.9) | 30.6 (−0.8) | 22.3 (−5.4) | 37.4 (3.0) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.95 (74.93) | 3.19 (81.12) | 2.48 (62.88) | 1.38 (35.00) | 1.80 (45.67) | 1.03 (26.28) | 0.37 (9.49) | 0.60 (15.33) | 0.97 (24.52) | 2.14 (54.37) | 3.22 (81.78) | 2.96 (75.25) | 23.09 (586.62) |
| Source: National Weather Service ||||||||||||||

## Education

The region is served by the Washoe County School District.
# Travelers of Space

Travelers of Space is a 1951 anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Martin Greenberg. The stories originally appeared in the magazines Planet Stories, Astounding SF, Thrilling Wonder Stories and Startling Stories.

## Contents

* Foreword, by Martin Greenberg
* Introduction, by Willy Ley
* "The Rocketeers Have Shaggy Ears", by Keith Bennett
* "Christmas Tree", by Christopher S. Youd
* "The Forgiveness of Tenchu Taen", by Frederic Arnold Kummer
* "Episode on Dhee Minor", by Harry Walton
* "The Shape of Things", by Ray Bradbury
* "Columbus Was a Dope", by Lyle Monroe (pseudonym for Robert A. Heinlein)
* "Attitude", by Hal Clement
* "The Ionian Cycle", by William Tenn
* "Trouble on Tantalus", by P. Schuyler Miller
* "Placet Is a Crazy Place", by Fredric Brown
* "Action on Azura", by Robertson Osborne
* "The Rull", by A. E. van Vogt
* "The Double Dyed Villains", by Poul Anderson
* "Bureau of Slick Tricks", by H. B. Fyfe
* "Life on Other Worlds", by Edd Cartier
* "The Interstellar Zoo", by David A. Kyle
* Science Fiction Dictionary

## Reception

P. Schuyler Miller noted that Greenberg had limited his selections to "largely if not entirely unanthologized stories," limiting the contents to lesser if less familiar stories on the central theme.
# Travelin' (Chet Atkins album)

Travelin' is the twenty-third studio album recorded by American guitarist Chet Atkins, released in 1963.
The liner notes, titled "Smash Hit Tunes from His History-making International Tour", portray Atkins' tour of South Africa with Jim Reeves and Floyd Cramer.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| New Record Mirror | |
Writing for Allmusic, critic Steven Cook wrote of the album "While often seen as no more than hokey, easy listening ephemera, Atkins' many sides from the '60s deserve a reassessment. The stellar jazz dates Atkins later did at Columbia may better showcase his jazz leanings, but these RCA discs still have a wealth of quality picking and a good share of top-drawer material."

## Reissues

* In 1995, Travelin' and Caribbean Guitar were reissued on CD by One Way Records.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Wheels" (Torre, Stephens) – 2:31
* "Calcutta" (Conway, John Garton, Libby Quinn) – 3:01
* "La Dolce Vita" (Nino Rota, Eduardo Verde) – 2:16
* "Exodus" (Ernest Gold) – 3:17
* "Baubles, Bangles and Beads" (George Forrest, Robert Wright) – 2:37
* "Naboomspruit Polka" (Taffy Kikillus) – 2:18

### Side two

* "Muskrat Ramble" (Ray Gilbert, Kid Ory) – 2:47
* "Warm Patat" (Nico Carstens) – 2:03
* "Volare" (Franco Migliacci, Domenico Modugno) – 2:42
* "Mossie Se Moses" (Nico Carstens)– 2:26
* "Sweetness" (Jethro Burns) – 2:24
* "World is Waiting for Sunrise" (Gene Lockhart, Ernest Seitz) – 3:11

## Personnel

* Chet Atkins – guitar
* Floyd Cramer – piano
* Boots Randolph – saxophone
# Crocomela unifasciata

Crocomela unifasciata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1885. It is found in Ecuador.
# Treat Her Right (Sawyer Brown song)

"Treat Her Right" is a song written by Ava Aldridge and Lenny LeBlanc, and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in March 1996 as the third single from the album This Thing Called Wantin' and Havin' It All. The song reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Chart performance

"Treat Her Right" debuted at number 74 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 23, 1996.
| Chart (1996) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 19 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1996) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 49 |
# Crypturgus borealis

Crypturgus borealis is a species of typical bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Transition-rate matrix

In probability theory, a transition-rate matrix (also known as a Q-matrix, intensity matrix, or infinitesimal generator matrix) is an array of numbers describing the instantaneous rate at which a continuous-time Markov chain transitions between states.
In a transition-rate matrix $Q$ (sometimes written $A$), element $q_{ij}$ (for $i\neq j$) denotes the rate departing from $i$ and arriving in state $j$. The rates $q_{ij}\geq 0$, and the diagonal elements $q_{ii}$ are defined such that
    $q_{ii}=-\sum _{j\neq i}q_{ij}$,
and therefore the rows of the matrix sum to zero.
Up to a global sign, a large class of examples of such matrices is provided by the Laplacian of a directed, weighted graph. The vertices of the graph correspond to the Markov chain's states.

## Properties

The transition-rate matrix has following properties:
* There is at least one eigenvector with a vanishing eigenvalue, exactly one if the graph of $Q$ is strongly connected.
* All other eigenvalues $\lambda$ fulfill $0>\mathrm {Re} \{\lambda \}\geq 2\min _{i}q_{ii}$.
* All eigenvectors $v$ with a non-zero eigenvalue fulfill $\sum _{i}v_{i}=0$.
* The Transition-rate matrix satisfies the relation $Q=P'(0)$ where P(t) is the continuous stochastic matrix.

## Example

An M/M/1 queue, a model which counts the number of jobs in a queueing system with arrivals at rate λ and services at rate μ, has transition-rate matrix
    $Q={\begin{pmatrix}-\lambda &\lambda \\\mu &-(\mu +\lambda )&\lambda \\&\mu &-(\mu +\lambda )&\lambda \\&&\mu &-(\mu +\lambda )&\ddots &\\&&&\ddots &\ddots \end{pmatrix}}.$
# Treaty of Kaunas

Treaty of Kaunas was a treaty signed on 29 November 1920 in Kaunas, Lithuania, that the next day started the armistice between Lithuania and Central Lithuania ending the Central Lithuanian Offensive on Kaunas. The treaty was drafted between 27 and 29 November 1920, during the peace negotiations between Lithuania and Poland led by the League of Nations.

## Context

On 12 October 1920, soldiers of Second Polish Republic, led by general Lucjan Żeligowski, attacked Lithuania, in an event known as Żeligowski's Mutiny. Following this, the eastern part of the country was separated, forming Republic of Central Lithuania, a puppet state of Poland. In the second half of November, Army of Central Lithuania, led by Żeligowski, attacked Lithuania, heading to the city of Kaunas. By 21 November 1920, Central Lithuanian forced got to the line of the Nevėžis river near Kėdainiai, 50 km (31 miles) from Kaunas. Due to lack of people and armament, infantry being left behind the cavalry and Poland pressing for a truce, under the international pressure, both sites had signed the truce on that day. The peace negotiation between Lithuania and Poland, in Kaunas, led by League of Nations, led to the signing of the peace treaty and officially started the armistice on 30 November 1920. Michel Kossakowski, representative of the Polish government in with the Military Commission of Control of the League of Nations had signed the treaty on the behalf of Poland.

## The treaty

Following the singing of the treaty, both sides stopped fighting the next day on 30 November and exchanged the prisoners of war. League of Nations had established the demilitarised zone of Polish–Lithuanian Neutral Strip that was formed on the border of Lithuania and Central Lithuania (the last one being later incorporated into Poland), and existed from 17 December 1920 to 22 May 1923. Lucjan Żeligowski, head of state of Central Lithuania, had agreed to abide by the treaty while Poland had agreed to observe actions of Żeligowski to ensure that.
Additionally, the League of Nations started preparing the plebiscite in Vilnius Region, which was meant to define whether the local population preferred to be a part of Lithuania or Central Lithuania (and later Poland), however, it never happened.
On 1 March 1922, the treaty got documented in French language in the Secretariat of the League of Nations, following Article 18 of the Treaty of Versailles.
# El Copé giant salamander

The El Copé giant salamander (Bolitoglossa copia) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# Crystal Crown

Crystal Crown may refer to:
* Shenyang Olympic Sports Center Stadium
* Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown
# Ctenuchidia virgo

Ctenuchidia virgo is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1855. It is found on Jamaica, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
# Cuvillier

Cuvillier is a surname of French origin.

## Persons

Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexandre Cuvillier (born 1986), French footballer.
* Alfred-Auguste Cuvillier-Fleury (1802–1887), French historian and literary critic.
* Armand Cuvillier (1887-1973), French intellectual.
* Austin Cuvillier (1779–1849), Canadian businessman and politician.
* Charles Cuvillier (1877–1955), French operetta composer.
* Christophe Cuvillier (born 1962), French businessman, CEO of Unibail-Rodamco.
* Elian Cuvillier (born 1960), exegete and theologian Protestant French.
* Frédéric Cuvillier (born 1968), French politician.
* Jacques Philippe Cuvillier (1774-1857), admiral and French colonial governor.
* Louis A. Cuvillier (1871–1935), New York politician.
* Maurice Cuvillier (1897-1956), French comic book author.
* Philippe Cuvillier (1930-2015), French diplomat, ambassador of France.
* Roger Cuvillier (1922–2019), French engineer.

## Toponyms

* Cuvillier River, a river in Québec, Canada
# Cuvânt Moldovenesc

Cuvânt Moldovenesc (English: The Moldovan Word) may refer to:
* Cuvânt Moldovenesc (newspaper), a newspaper from Chişinău (1914–1920)
* Cuvânt Moldovenesc (magazine), a magazine from Chişinău (1913–1917)