OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ducie River

The Ducie River is a river located on the Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.
Formed by the confluence of the Palm Creek and South Palm Creek, the headwaters of the Ducie River drain the Richardson Range, part of the Great Dividing Range. The river flows generally west through stringybark woodlands, tropical savanna plains and wetlands. It enters the Gulf of Carpentaria on the western side of the Cape York Peninsula at Port Musgrave just north of Mapoon. The river descends 31 metres (102 ft) over its 69-kilometre (43 mi) course.
The catchment covers 6,746 square kilometres (2,605 sq mi); there are no major towns or water storage facilities in the watershed.
Much of the river is bordered by gallery rainforest. In its lower reaches it supports an extensive tidal mangrove forest with stands of Nipa Palms.

## History

Luthigh (also known as Lotiga, Tepiti and Uradhi, see also Uradhi related languages) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Luthigh people. The traditional language area for Luthigh includes landscape within the local government boundaries of the Cook Shire: Eastern Cape York, Ducie River, Northern Peninsula, New Mapoon, Injinoo, and Cowal Creek.
Teppathiggi (also known Tepithiki and Teyepathiggi) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Cape York, Middle Dulcie River, Lower Batavia River, Ducie River, and Mapoon. The language region includes areas within the local government boundaries of Cook Shire Council.
Uradhi (also known as Anggamudi, Ankamuti, Atampaya, Bawtjathi, and Lotiga) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Cape York Peninsula. The traditional language region includes north of Mapoon and Duyfken Point and east of the coast strip to the north of Port Musgrave (Angkamuthi country) incorporating the mouth of the Ducie River, the lower reaches of the Dulhunty River and the upper reaches of the Skardon River in the north. Following the displacement of Indigenous people by British settlement, it was also spoken in the Northern Peninsula Area Region, including New Mapoon, Injinoo and Cowal Creek communities.
The river was named in 1886 by Francis Lascelles Jardine, a pastoralist, reportedly after the Earl of Ducie, presumably a relative of the Jardine family.
# William Garity

William E. Garity (April 2, 1899 – September 16, 1971) was an American inventor and audio engineer who attended the Pratt Institute before going to work for Lee De Forest around 1921. Garity worked with DeForest on the Phonofilm sound-on-film system until 1927, when Pat Powers hired Garity to develop a sound system closely based upon Phonofilm that Powers called Powers Cinephone.
Garity is best known for his employment at Walt Disney Studios, which used the Cinephone system in the late 1920s and early 30s. In 1937, also at the Disney Studios, Garity developed the multiplane camera first used to shoot Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Ub Iwerks, having left Disney to work at his own studio, developed an unrelated multiplane camera, during this same time period.
In 1940, Garity developed Fantasound, an early stereophonic surround sound system for Disney's Fantasia. After leaving the Disney studio, Garity later became vice president and production manager for Walter Lantz Productions. He was inducted in the Disney Legends program in 1999.
# Robert MacDonald

Robert MacDonald may refer to:
* Robbie MacDonald (Robert MacDonald, 1870–1946), Australian cricketer
* Robert Macdonald (South African cricketer) (born 1965)
* Robert J. MacDonald (1914–1987), politician in Michigan
* Robert MacDonald (British politician), British member of parliament for Glasgow Cathcart, 1923–1929
* Robert MacDonald (special effects artist) (1912–1989), visual effects artist of Ben-Hur
* Robert David MacDonald (1929–2004), Scottish playwright, translator, and theatre director
* Robert E. Macdonald (born 1947), American mayor of Lewiston, Maine
* Robert W. MacDonald, insurance executive
* Robert MacDonald (minister) (1813-1893), Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1882
Robert McDonald may refer to:
* Robert McDonald (missionary) (1829–1913), Episcopalian missionary in the Arctic
* Robert Ross McDonald (1888–1964), Australian politician
* Robert McDonald, known as Whitey McDonald (1902–1956), Canadian soccer player who earned two caps with Ireland
* Robert N. McDonald (born 1952), justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals
* Robert McDonald (Medal of Honor), American Indian Wars soldier, see 5th Infantry Regiment
Rob MacDonald or McDonald may refer to:
* Rob McDonald (born 1959), English footballer for Hull City, Newcastle United
* Rob MacDonald (born 1978), Canadian mixed martial arts fighter
Bob MacDonald or McDonald may refer to:
* Bob MacDonald (golfer) (1885–1960), Scottish-American professional golfer
* Bob McDonald (Scottish footballer) (1895–1971), footballer for Inverness Caledonian, Tottenham Hotspur
* Bob McDonald (Australian footballer) (1895–1979), Australian rules footballer for South Melbourne
* Bob McDonald (ice hockey) (1923–1977), professional ice hockey player
* Bob McDonald (bowls) (1933–2006), New Zealand bowls player
* Bob MacDonald (baseball) (born 1965), American former Major League Baseball pitcher
* Bob MacDonald (journalist) (1929–2006), Canadian columnist for the Toronto Telegram and Toronto Sun
* Bob McDonald (politician) (1931–2002), Canadian member of parliament and football player
* Bob McDonald (businessman) (born 1953), U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs, CEO Procter and Gamble
* Bob McDonald (science journalist) (born 1951), for Canadian program Quirks and Quarks
Bobby McDonald may refer to:
# Chydarteres formosus

Chydarteres formosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo & Martins in 2010.
# Johann Nepomuk Isfordink

Johann Nepomuk Isfordink and from 1835 Isfordink Edler von Kostnitz (1776 – 5 June 1841) was an Austrian army physician. He was involved in raising the Josephinian Military Academy of Surgery in Vienna to the status of a university and wrote several books.
Isfordink was born in Konstanz, son of district administrator Ludwig J. zu Bregenz. Educated at the University of Freiburg, he joined the Tyrolean Imperial Jaeger Regiment as a physician in 1802. He promoted vaccination in Tyrol, privately publishing popular pamphlets. He became a doctorate at the Josephinum in 1806 and rose to the position of regimental doctor in 1809. In 1822 he became chief field doctor and director of the Josephinum. Isfordink helped elevate the Josephinum to a full university by influencing Emperor Francis II but this college was merged back to the university in 1849. He also founded a natural history museum in the Josephinum and participated in scholarly societies such as the Society for Natural Science and Medicine in Dresden, the Imperial Russian Medical-Surgical Academy in Petersburg and the Society for Natural Science and Medicine in Heidelberg. He was given a noble title by the Austrian Emperor on 19 September 1835 as Edler von Kostnitz.
# Jim Weaver (left-handed pitcher)

James Brian Weaver (born February 19, 1939), nicknamed "Fluff", is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played parts of two seasons, 1967 and 1968, for the California Angels.

## Sources

* Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
* This biographical article relating to an American baseball pitcher born in the 1930s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sotonosawa Dam

Sotonosawa Dam is an earthfill dam located in Akita Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 1 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 8 ha of land when full and can store 410 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1940 and completed in 1952.
# John William Ward

John William Ward may refer to:
* John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley (1781–1833), British statesman
* John William Ward (manager) (born 1942), British trade unionist and opera administrator
* John William Ward (professor) (1922–1985), professor of English and history, and President of Amherst College
# Carla Falluomini

Carla Falluomini (born 1970) is an Italian philologist who specializes on Gothic and Lombardic palaeography, languages and cultures. She is currently professor at the University of Perugia.

## Biography

Carla Falluomini was born in 1970 in Ferrara. In 1999, she gave a new collation for Gothic text of Codex Carolinus; the first collation of the codex was made by Franz Anton Knittel in 1762, who had made some errors.
Falluomini taught Germanic philology at the University of Turin. Since 2006, she has been involved in an international project to publish a new critical edition of the Gothic Bible. In 2010, she was the UNESCO contact person for the inclusion of the Codex Argenteus in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

## Works

* Der sogenannte Codex Carolinus von Wolfenbüttel. (Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis). Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der gotisch-lateinischen Blätter (255, 256, 277, 280), Wolfenbütteler Mittelalter-Studien, Wiesbaden (1999). ISBN 3-447-04230-3
* Sagitho und nicht sautho. Zu 1 Kor. 15,2 in der gotischen Bibel, ZfdA 133 (2004) 75-79
* Textkritische Anmerkungen zur Gotischen Bibel Annali della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere 5, 2005 (2009), pp. 311–320.
* Kodikologische Bemerkungen über die Handschriften der Goten (2006), p. 3-37
* The Gothic version of the Gospels and Pauline epistles: cultural background, transmission and character, Arbeiten zur neutestamentlichen Textforschung, Berlin (2015). ISBN 978-3-11-055273-7
# William Davey

William Davey (28 July 1825, Thorpe, Norwich – 26 March 1917, Llandaff) was Dean of Llandaff from 1897 until 1913.
Davey was educated at Charterhouse and Lincoln College, Oxford. He was a Master at Marlborough College before becoming a tutor of Chichester Theological College, then Cuddeson, and finally St David's College, Lampeter. He was a Prebendary of St David's Cathedral from 1876 until 1895; and Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Llandaff from 1895 to 1905.
# Robert Davell

Robert Davell, DCL was an English priest in the 16th century.
Davell was educated at the University of Oxford. He was Archdeacon of Northumberland from 1518 until his death in 1557.
# Chydarteres striatellus

Chydarteres striatellus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Huedepohl in 1985.
# S. B. Nawinne

R. M. Seneviratne Bandara Nawinne (born 24 February 1946) is a member of United National Party and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He was long time member of Sri Lanka Freedom Party but cross to the United National Party in 2015 General elections. He was appointed as a cabinet minister under the National Government led by Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe.
Nawinne held key ministerial positions of the United People's Freedom Alliance and Peoples Alliance governments from 1994. Later in 2000 he was appointed as the Chief Minister of North Western Province
# Jim Weatherly (American football)

James E. Weatherly (born April 13, 1952) is a former American football center who played for the Atlanta Falcons of National Football League (NFL). He attended Mt. San Antonio College but did not play college football. He was a construction worker and played semi-professional football before playing in the NFL.
# Southern California Timing Association

Southern California Timing Association (SCTA) is a competition sanctioning body that maintains rules and record for Land Speed Racing events held at El Mirage Dry Lake, California and at the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. It is a non-profit, volunteer organization made up of eleven separate car clubs.
SCTA has been in existence since its first meeting on November 29, 1937 and is considered to be the oldest operating racing organization in the United States. At that first meet between five and seven local car clubs met to organize lake bed races and to establish a set of guidelines to make dry lake land speed trials safer. Since its creation the SCTA in conjunction with its sister organization the Bonneville Nationals Inc. (BNI) have organized, sanctioned and recorded hundreds of meets and thousands of records.
The organization holds two meets each year on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah. Speed Week is held in August and World Finals in October. The SCTA also holds six events at El Mirage Dry Lake in Southern California. It is responsible for ensuring compliance with BLM standards for use of public lands, safety regulations for competitors and spectators, technical inspection of race vehicles, timing recording of record attempts and maintaining a list of current class records as well as history of prior record holders.
The organization is governed by a board of directors that is made up of five elected members consisting of president, vice president, secretary, treasurer and sergeant at arms. The balance of the board, up to 17 total members, are appointed by the elected board members. Elected board members serve a one-year term and may be elected to one additional year. Thereafter an elected board member is not allowed to seek the same office for at least one year. Appointed board members have no term limits. The SCTA elected board is also responsible for appointing the BNI Board that consists of a minimum of three members. The BNI Board oversees the organization of the two events at the Bonneville Salt Flats. Operation of the meets are transferred to the SCTA following the driver's meeting on the first day of each meet.
# Issue tree

An issue tree, also called logic tree, is a graphical breakdown of a question that dissects it into its different components vertically and that progresses into details as it reads to the right.$^{:47}$
Issue trees are useful in problem solving to identify the root causes of a problem as well as to identify its potential solutions. They also provide a reference point to see how each piece fits into the whole picture of a problem.

## Types

According to professor of strategy Arnaud Chevallier, elaborating an approach used at McKinsey & Company, there are two types of issue trees: diagnostic ones and solution ones. Diagnostic trees break down a "why" key question, identifying all the possible root causes for the problem. Solution trees break down a "how" key question, identifying all the possible alternatives to fix the problem.

## Rules

Four basic rules can help ensure that issue trees are optimal, according to Chevallier:
* Consistently answer a "why" or a "how" question
* Progress from the key question to the analysis as it moves to the right
* Have branches that are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (MECE)
* Use an insightful breakdown
The requirement for issue trees to be collectively exhaustive implies that divergent thinking is a critical skill.

## Applications
### In management interviews

Issue trees are used to answer questions in case interviews for management consulting positions. A quantitative type of question, the market sizing question, requires the interviewee to estimate the size of a data group such as a specific segment of a population, an amount of objects, a company's revenues, or similar. The candidates are expected to use a structured and logical method of arriving at their answer, and using an issue tree provides a diagram to aid the candidate's logical reasoning. Issue trees are used for other types of case interview questions as well.
# Juana Rangel de Cuéllar

Juana Rangel de Cuellar (6 October 1649 – 1736) was the founder of the Colombian city of Cúcuta, located in the Norte de Santander Department. She was born and died in Pamplona.
At the age of 23, she was orphaned of her father (1672), and her home was moved to Hacienda Tonchalá, (today Carmen de Tonchalá district) in the company of Paula, her mother, who died in 1694.
She was the owner of numerous assets, among which were the site of Tonchalá, which she obtained by inheritance from her uncle, the priest Alonso Rangel de Cuéllar; the Estancias El Rodeo, Cazadero, owned by her paternal hereditary good; Morantes, Cerro de Magro, the Guaduas site and the famous Guasimal site.
She was also the owner of numerous head of cattle and owned the Pamplona manor house, donated by her older brother.
The founder signed deeds of freedom of slaves; among them are granted on November 10, 1727, in favor of José, 21 years old; and for the benefit of the mulattos Teodora and José Prisio, and a last one, in 1733, in favor of Inés Rafaela.
Enterprising and dynamic, she did not lag behind her landowner neighbors; The economic boom based on agriculture and livestock, which lasted 40 years since her arrival in Tonchalá, was the main reason why different families chose this place as their preferred place for her home.
Tonchalá and Guasimal had everything, except the most important, Parroquia. On the contrary, on the other side of the Pamplonita River, was the Indian Town of Cúcuta, with a parish, a good church and a doctrinal priest.
But there, the whites could not access easily because the Indians of the Pueblo of Cúcuta did not allow it.
Due to the above and because the part occupied by the whites in her farm is not desmendro, to her patrimony, Juana Rangel de Cuéllar considered a legal and formal donation to the petitioners of the parish.
At the advanced age of 84 years, he went to the Mayor of Pamplona, so that together with the clerk they would arrive at his estate in Tonchalá to make before them, representatives of the crown, a donation of half a stay of larger cattle, which would be a seat to the parish and surrounding town.
The clerk was not present and in his absence, Mayor Juan Antonio de Villamizar y Pinero acted as him. This was the simple birth of the city without borders, on June 17, 1733.
Seven neighbors accepted the deed of donation, three witnesses and 17 people notified as neighbors for the donated lands. The value of the donated land was 50 patacones, the value stipulated in the document that Juana Rangel de Cuéllar signed as a public deed.
Two years later, June 24, 1735, she assisted as godmother of a baptized child in the chapel of the nascent town, and a couple of months later she granted testamentary memory.
Harassed by the ailments of her age, Juana Rangel de Cuéllar was taken back to Pamplona, where she died in 1736.
# Carla F. Kim

Carla Faith Bender Kim is a professor at the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and a Principal Investigator at the Stem Cell Program at Boston Children’s Hospital. She is also a Principal Faculty member at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, where she also serves as part of the Executive Committee.

## Early life and education

Kim was born in Fremont, Ohio. Kim received her bachelor's degree from Ohio Northern University (1997) and a Ph.D. in Genetics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison (2002). Kim completed her postdoctoral training in the Tyler Jacks Laboratory at MIT (2006) with the support of the Jane Coffin Childs Research Fellowship.
During her time in the Jacks Lab, Kim discovered the first stem cell population in the adult mouse lung, bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs).

## Research

Working with genetically engineered mouse models that accurately represent human lung cancer, Kim’s group was the first to identify cancer stem cell populations in the two most frequent types of lung cancer in patients. Her lab’s knowledge in lung stem cells has revealed a new combination therapy approach for particular subsets of lung cancer patients. Most recently, Kim’s lab has developed a 3D lung organoid system that makes it possible to derive specialized lung cells from lung stem cells. Kim’s work has been recognized by a variety of organizations, she has received the Forbeck Scholar Award, V Scholar award, the Basil O’Connor Scholar award from the March of Dimes, the American Cancer Society’s Research Scholar award, and most recently the William Rippe Award for Distinguished Research in Lung Cancer from the Lung Cancer Research Foundation. Kim’s work and lab are supported by federal funding from the National Institutes of Health.
# Chromacris psittacus

Chromacris psittacus is a species of grasshopper from the genus Chromacris. Nymphs are red and black in coloration, and often remain in groups, both traits that increase their aposematic signaling to predators. Adults have orange hind wings that similarly function to surprise predators.
# Jason Baptiste

Jason L. Baptiste is an American entrepreneur and author. He is CMO and chair of Onswipe.
As CEO of Onswipe, Baptiste has received awards and recognition such as being named to Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek’s Best Young Tech Entrepreneurs in 2011, and the Inc. Magazine 30 Under 30 list in 2011.
In April 2012, the Portfolio imprint of Penguin published Baptiste's first book, The Ultralight Startup.
# Bəylik

Bəylik may refer to:
* Bəylik, Agdash, Azerbaijan
* Bəylik, Saatly, Azerbaijan
* Bəylik, Lachin, Azerbaijan
# Rybnica

Rybnica may refer to:
* Rybnica, Jelenia Góra County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Rybnica, Wrocław County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Rybnica, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Rybnica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Rybnica, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Rîbnița, Moldova
# Jim Weaver (chef)

Jim Weaver is a chef, an author, and a pioneer in the Slow Food movement in New Jersey. Weaver owned Tre Piani, which is now closed, an Italian restaurant in the Forrestal Village section of Plainsboro, New Jersey, near US Route 1. In 2004, he served as New Jersey's representative to the first Great American Seafood Cook-off at the Morial Convention Center in New Orleans, Louisiana. Several years later, Weaver published his first book, Locavore Adventures: One Chef's Slow Food Journey. Locavore Adventures discusses his experiences with learning to use local ingredients in cooking.

## Early life and education

Weaver was born in New Vernon, a community in Harding Township, New Jersey. His family lived in a house built by his father in a wooded area of the town. In 1981, Weaver graduated from Morristown-Beard School in Morristown, New Jersey. He then completed his bachelor's degree at New Hampshire College (now Southern New Hampshire University) in Manchester, New Hampshire, in 1985. Taking after his father, Weaver initially chose to study architecture in college. After taking a few classes in that subject, he switched his major to hotel and restaurant management.
In 1991, Weaver took a trip to Italy that helped him learning cooking techniques. He learned to cook seafood under the tutelage of a chef at La Guzzina in Milan. During the trip, Weaver also practiced cooking multi-course meals while staying with friends in Rome. They purchased the ingredients for the meals at the marketplace at Campo de' Fiori.

## Cooking career

Weaver served as the executive chef at Panico's in New Brunswick, New Jersey, from 1989 to 1998. He then founded Tre Piani, where he rose again to become one of the areas best chefs.
While working at Panico's, Weaver experimented with a new style of Italian cuisine, which later became the mainstay of Tre Piani. He sought to make heavy use of fresh, locally grown ingredients from nearby farms in New Jersey.
While running his restaurant, Weaver has volunteered in cooking activities to reduce childhood hunger. He has held Taste of the Nation events at Tre Piani to benefit Share Our Strength, a national nonprofit organization that focuses on reducing childhood hunger. In 2003, Share Our Strength awarded Weaver their Chef of the Year Award.

## Slow Food movement in New Jersey

In 1999, Weaver founded Slow Food Central New Jersey as Slow Food International's sixth U.S. chapter. In August of that year, he held an event at Tre Piani called Har-Fest. Weaver invited chefs at local restaurants in New Jersey to offer free tastings of food made using local, seasonal ingredients. The event, which amassed a crowd of 500 people, included tomato farmers, cheese producers, beekeepers, and cranberry producers. The event helped convince Slow Food international to invest in the growth of Slow Food USA, which started in 2000.