OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cikáni

Cikáni (in English Gypsies) is an 1835 novel written by Czech poet Karel Hynek Mácha with typical tokens of Romanticism: old castles, night scenery and a romantic complicated plot. It is Mácha's only completed novel.

## Plot

The scenery of the novel is inspired by Kokořín Castle and its surroundings. The castle is under the rule of Earl Valdermar. Two gypsies come to an inn under the castle. Neither is an ethnic gypsy, but they accepted the lifestyle of nomads. The older one was originally a Venetian gondolier, Giacomo, who is traveling to find the kidnapper of his girlfriend Angelina. The young one is a waif adopted as his son. In the inn they meet Lea, an old Jewish owner's daughter, who falls in love with the young gypsy. She is slightly mad. The old Jew tells a story of a former owner of the inn who was a woman named Angelina, with a son. She has disappeared, no one knows where.
The gypsies spend the night in the woods where they encounter a very mad lady (repeating just one sentence: "It was not me but him"). She then confesses to the young gypsy, who is jealous because of Lea, that she brought her to the Earl to be raped. A character of Bárta Flákoň appears who tells lies about his own life, but gossips truly about others. He reveals to the gypsies that Earl Valdemar kidnapped Angelina in Italy and brought her to his castle, so the old gypsy comes to the castle and kills Valdemar. The gypsies are arrested then, but a letter left by Valdemar reveals that the young gypsy is the Earl's bastard and heir. The old gypsy is executed. Lea committed suicide; her father dies of sorrow. The only character who is left alone in despair is the young "gypsy" now called "young Valdemar", who does not accept his father's property and continues the life of a free gypsy. "My father! – father seduced my mother – no, he killed my mother – through my mother – no, he through my mother seduced my lover – seduced my father's lover – my mother – and my father killed – my father."

## Mácha's interest in gypsies

For Mácha gypsies were symbols of freedom and life in accordance with natural laws. In his notes he wrote about the beauty of gypsy women, their wailing choir singing and their love of nature. In Ausland magazine (July 1830) he is empathic to the gypsy lot – travel from place to place as a chase which brings them a lifestyle similar to that of animals – but their animals are human in the view of humanism – "a bitch is breast-feeding a piglet, a sow is suckling a dog". Mácha feels similar sympathy for Jews.
# Candler, Georgia

Candler is an unincorporated community in Hall County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

The community was named after Allen D. Candler, 56th Governor of Georgia. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the place as the "Town of Candler" in 1910. The town's charter was officially dissolved in 1995 along with those of many other inactive Georgia municipalities.
# Carpophilus mutilatus

Carpophilus mutilatus, known generally as the confused sap beetle or flower beetle, is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in Oceania, Europe, North America, and temperate Asia.
# James Branch

James Branch (27 February 1845 – 16 November 1918), was a British boot manufacturer and Liberal politician.
Branch was born in Bethnal Green in the East End of London, where he established a boot factory. An active member of the Liberal Party, he was president of the Bethnal Green Liberal Association for twenty years. In 1889 he was elected to the first London County Council as a member of the Liberal-backed Progressive Party representing Bethnal Green South West until 1907. He was a justice of the peace for the County of London, and well known for his philanthropic work in the East End and as a prominent member of the Congregational Church.
At the 1906 general election Branch successfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Enfield, one of many Liberals who unseated sitting Conservative MPs. He was defeated at the next election in January 1910, following a campaign where his Conservative opponents alleged that he was a Polish Jew and was using a false name. They also falsely claimed that he had discharged his British employees in favour of foreign workers. He attempted to regain the seat at the next election in December of the same year, but failed to be elected.
# Sphaceloma menthae

Sphaceloma menthae is a plant pathogen infecting mint. It is also known as mint anthracnose or leopard spot disease. It can be identified by circular, oval, or irregular spots on the mint plant. It used to be a serious disease but it now controlled in commercial mint fields.
# Citizen Jane

Citizen Jane may refer to:

## Books

* Citizen Jane (book), a 1999 true-crime book by James Dalessandro
* Citizen Jane (biography), a 1990 biography of Jane Fonda by Christopher Andersen

## Films

* Citizen Jane (2009 film), a 2009 made-for-TV movie directed by Armand Mastroianni
* Citizen Jane (2017 film), a documentary about Jane Jacobs' activism against urban renewal

## Other

* "Citizen Jane", a 1987 song by Bernie Taupin from the album Tribe
* Citizen Jane Film Festival, an annual film festival at Stephens College
# EINE and ZWEI

EINE and ZWEI are two discontinued Emacs-like text editors developed by Daniel Weinreb and Mike McMahon for Lisp machines in the 1970s and 1980s.

## History

EINE was a text editor developed in the late 1970s. In terms of features, its goal was to "do what Stallman's PDP-10 (original) Emacs does". It was an early example of what would become many Emacs-like text editors. Unlike the original TECO-based Emacs, but like Multics Emacs, EINE was written in Lisp. It used Lisp Machine Lisp. Stallman later wrote GNU Emacs, which was written in C and Emacs Lisp and extensible in Emacs Lisp. EINE also made use of the window system of the Lisp machine and was the first Emacs to have a graphical user interface.
In the 1980s, EINE was developed into ZWEI. Innovations included programmability in Lisp Machine Lisp, and a new and more flexible doubly linked list method of internally representing buffers.
ZWEI would eventually become the editor library used for Symbolics' Zmacs (Emacs-like editor), Zmail (mail client), and Converse (message client), which were integrated into the Genera operating system which Symbolics developed for their Lisp machines.

## Naming

EINE is a recursive acronym for "EINE Is Not Emacs", coined in August 1977. It was a play on Ted Anderson's TINT, "TINT is not TECO". Anderson would later retort with "SINE is not EINE".
ZWEI follows this pattern as an acronym for "ZWEI Was Eine Initially".
With "zwei" being the German word for "two", "EINE" could be (re-)interpreted as being a reference to the German word for "one" (in the feminine adjectival form, as in "eine Implementierung", "one implementation").
# Carpophilus obsoletus

Carpophilus obsoletus is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in Africa, Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Southern Asia.
# James Crichton (disambiguation)

James Crichton (1560–1582) was a Scottish polymath.
James Crichton may also refer to:
* James Crichton (soldier) (1879–1961), Irish-born New Zealand recipient of the Victoria Cross
* James G. Crichton (born 1893), American Republican politician in the California legislature
* James Crichton of Frendraught, Scottish landowner involved in tragic fire in 1630
* James Crichton, 1st Viscount Frendraught (died c. 1664/65), Scottish peer
# Cortscastell

Cortscastell is a hamlet located in the municipality of Baix Pallars, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 2.

## Geography

Cortscastell is located 121km north-northeast of Lleida.
# Copadichromis chrysonotus

Copadichromis chrysonotus is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.
# Lelia

Lelia or Lélia may refer to:

## People

* Lélia Abramo (1911–2004), Italian-Brazilian actress and political activist
* Carmen Lelia Cristóbal (born before 1959), Argentine botanist
* Lelia Doolan (born 1941), Irish television and theatre producer
* Lelia Dromgold Emig (1872–1957), American genealogist and author
* Lelia Foley (born 1942), first African American woman to be elected mayor in the United States
* Lelia Goldoni (born 1936), American actress who appeared in motion pictures and on television
* Lélia Gonzalez (1935–94), Brazilian intellectual, politician, professor and anthropologist
* Lélia Gousseau (1909–1997), French classical pianist
* Lelia Green (born before 1994), Australian media theorist
* Lelia Masaga (born 1986), New Zealand rugby union player
* Lelia N. Morris (1862–1929), American hymnwriter
* Lelia J. Robinson (1850–91), American lawyer, the first woman to be admitted to the bar and to practice in the courts of Massachusetts
* Lelia P. Roby (1848–1910), American philanthropist; founder, Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic
* Lelia Judson Tuttle (1878–1967), American missionary educator in China

## Places

* Lake Lelia, a natural fresh water lake on the south side of Avon Park, Florida
* Lelia Lake, Texas, an unincorporated community in Donley County

## Other

* Lélia, 1833 novel by George Sand
* PS Lelia, a steamship built during the American Civil War for the Confederate States of America
* Lelia (bug), a bug in subfamily Pentatominae
# Sphacelariales

Sphacelariales is an order of brown algae (class Phaeophyceae).
# William McLeod

William McLeod may refer to:
* William McLeod (footballer) (1860–1943), Scottish international footballer
* William McLeod (Paralympian), British lawn bowls player
* William Duncan McLeod (1852–1908), Canadian factory owner and politician
* William Mackenzie McLeod (1854–1932), Canadian physician and politician
* William McLeod, television producer and director of photography in the film Calculated Risk
# Effiduase

Effiduase is a town and is the capital of Sekyere East, a district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The Effiduase is known for the Effiduase Secondary Commercial School now Effiduase Senior High School and effiduasi senior high technical school. The Effiduase Secondary Commercial School is a second cycle institution. The Effiduase chief is Nana Adu Ameyaw II, Chief of the Ashanti sub-traditional council. Effiduase is made up of mostly traders. Effiduase is the district capital of Skyere East District. Effiduase houses the biggest hospital in its Sekyere East district.
# Robertson Island (West Virginia)

Robertson Island is a bar island in Marion County, West Virginia on the Tygart Valley River.
# Carnegie Castle

56°33′45″N 2°45′29″W﻿ / ﻿56.5624290°N 2.7580310°W﻿ / 56.5624290; -2.7580310
Carnegie Castle was a castle that was located in Angus, Scotland. The Carnegies owned the property between the 15th-18th century. The site of the castle is now farmland. No remains above ground are visible.
# James Crinion

James Crinion (1860 – 13 August 1932) was a British trade unionist.
Born in Lees, near Oldham, Lancashire, he worked as a spinner in a cotton mill from an early age. When his family moved to Chadderton, he became involved in the Cardroom Amalgamation, and was soon secretary of the local branch of its Oldham affiliate. The Amalgamation was nearly bankrupted by a strike in 1893, but Crinion worked with its secretary, William Mullin, to rebuild it, and was rewarded in 1896, when he was elected as president.
Crinion was able to greatly increase membership of the Amalgamation, and gained prominence in the wider trade union movement. He served as a trustee of the General Federation of Trade Unions, and in 1911 was the Trade Union Congress' delegate to the American Federation of Labour. He was critical of the Labour Party and took no part in it, although he was nominally a Labour candidate when he stood unsuccessfully in Royton at the 1918 general election.
In later years, Crinion was known for stressing the importance of health and safety in cotton mills, particularly the need to reduce dust levels. He retired as president of the Amalgamation in 1926, after suffering poor health, and finally as President of its Oldham affiliate in 1930.
# Chalcosyrphus nigromaculatus

Chalcosyrphus (Xylotomima) nigromaculatus (Jones, 1917), the black-spotted leafwalker, is a rare species of syrphid fly observed in Colorado, British Columbia, Oregon and Utah. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Constantijn à Renesse

Constantijn à Renesse (1626 – 1680), was a Dutch Golden Age painter and pupil of Rembrandt.

## Biography

He was born in Maarssen to the son of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange's military chaplain. He moved with his family to Breda and was sent to Leiden to the University, where besides literature studies he also took drawing lessons from Rembrandt in 1649. He moved to Eindhoven in 1653 where he later died. He is known for religious prints and drawings and is documented working with Rembrandt on paintings of religious subjects.
# Flag of Harare

The flag of Harare is the civil flag for the capital city of Zimbabwe.

## History

The flag was adopted on 18 April 1982, when the capital city of Zimbabwe was renamed Harare from the original, Salisbury. When the city was renamed it adopted a new flag and a new coat of arms replacing those of Salisbury, which bore the Latin motto Discrimine Salus ("In Discrimination there is Safety"), the family motto of William Fairbridge, the first mayor of the city.

## Similarities

The Flag of Harare, like the Flag of Zimbabwe, contains the Zimbabwe Bird, the country's national symbol. The flag also contains similarities to other African flags in that it contains some of the Pan-African colours.

## Gallery

* Current flag of Harare
* The coat of arms of Harare
* The flag of Salisbury
* The coat of arms of Salisbury
# Chromatic fourth

In music theory, a chromatic fourth, or passus duriusculus, is a melody or melodic fragment spanning a perfect fourth with all or almost all chromatic intervals filled in (chromatic line). The quintessential example is in D minor with the tonic and dominant notes as boundaries:
The chromatic fourth was first used in the madrigals of the 16th century. The Latin term itself—"harsh" or "difficult" (duriusculus) "step" or "passage" (passus)—originates in Christoph Bernhard's 17th-century Tractatus compositionis augmentatus (1648–49), where it appears to refer to repeated melodic motion by semitone creating consecutive semitones. The term may also relate to the pianto associated with weeping. In the Baroque, Johann Sebastian Bach used it in his choral as well as his instrumental music, in the Well-Tempered Clavier, for example (the chromatic fourth is indicated by the red notes):
This does not mean that the chromatic fourth was always used in a sorrowful or foreboding way, or that the boundaries should always be the tonic and dominant notes. One counterexample comes from the Minuet of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's String Quartet in G major, K. 387 (the chromatic fourths are conveniently bracketed by the slurs and set apart with note-to-note dynamics changes):

## Musical works using the chromatic fourth or passus duriusculus

* Henry Purcell, "Dido's Lament"
* Robert de Visée, Suite in C minor : Sarabande
* J. S. Bach, Mass in B minor, Crucifixus, also BWV 12, "Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen"
* J. S. Bach, BWV 78: "Jesu, der du meine Seele"
* J. S. Bach, BWV 150: "Nach Dir, Herr, verlanget mich" (in the first choral, and a reverse, whole note upwards melody in the final Chaconne)
* J. S. Bach, Orgelbüchlein, BWV 614: "Das Alte Jahr vergangen ist" (in the three accompanying voices) play
* J. S. Bach, Invention No. 9 in F minor, BWV 795 (second subject)
* J. S. Bach, Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp minor, BWV 849, second voice in bar 69, soprano in bar 71
* J. S. Bach, Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 855, fugue subject
* J. S. Bach, Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 889, Prelude subject
* J. S. Bach, Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548, the widening chromatic character of the fugue subject lends the work the subtitle "The Wedge".
* J. S. Bach, Toccata in E minor, BWV 914, fugue subject
* W. A. Mozart, K. 594: "Stück für ein Orgelwerk in einer Uhr"
* Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 9, ending of first movement
* Frédéric Chopin, No. 20 from 24 Preludes, Op. 28
* Hector Berlioz, Requiem, Op. 5
* César Franck, Prelude, Chorale and Fugue
# William Grahame

William Grahame may refer to:
* William Grahame (1808–1890), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Monaro, 1865–69 and 1872–74
* William Grahame (1841–1906), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Newcastle, 1889–89 and 1891–94
* William Calman Grahame (1863–1945), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Wickham, 1907–20
# Justice Ellett

Justice Ellett may refer to:
* A. H. Ellett (1898–1986), associate justice of the Utah Supreme Court
* Henry T. Ellett (1812–1887), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi
# James Bostock

James Bostock may refer to:
* James Bostock (sport shooter) (1874–1948), British sports shooter
* James Bostock (painter) (1917–2006), British painter
# Cornelius Ennis

Cornelius Ennis (September 26, 1813 – February 13, 1899) was a cotton shipper and railroad executive who served as Mayor of Houston, Texas. His shipping enterprise ran Union blockades during the American Civil War.

## Early life and career

He was born September 26, 1813, in Belleville, New Jersey where he grew up and received his education. In 1834, he moved to New York City and started work in a drugstore, before using his learned trade to open his own drugstore in Houston in 1839.
He partnered with George W. Kimball and expanded the business, making their first shipment of cotton to Boston in 1841. He married Kimball's sister Jeannette Ingals Kimball the same year. They had four children. Kimball drowned off the Florida coast while escorting a cotton shipment and investment funds to New York in 1842, leading Ennis into his involvement with the railroad as a better transport option that needed investment.
Ennis started and was on the board of directors the Houston and Texas Central Railway in 1853 along with William R. Baker, Paul Bremond, Thomas William House, William J. Hutchins and William Marsh Rice. As mayor he supervised the Houston Tap Railroad completion which was sold in 1858 and became the Houston Tap and Brazoria Railway. He also promoted construction of the Houston Ship Channel.

## Mayor of Houston

He became the Mayor of Houston July 1856 and served until December 1857. He had a band of robbers who were robbing shippers arrested.

## Civil War era blockade running

In the civil war he shipped cotton to Cuba and to England via Mexico despite the Union Navy's blockade. His blockade running was so successful that after the war he further expanded his cotton export businesses and invested in the newspaper in Galveston now known as The Daily News.

## Death and legacy

He died February 13, 1899, at his home in Houston and is buried at the Glenwood Cemetery in Houston. On the announcement of his death his name was reported as "Col. Cornelius Ennis".
Ennis, Texas, developed as a northern base of operations of the railroad he directed, is named for him. Several other towns in Texas were named for the railroad's directors. He never lived there and there are no records he even ever visited.
Two of his daughters married into newspaper publishing families. Two of his descendants visited the museum in 2008.
Conservative TV Talk show host Tucker Carlson is his 3x great-grandson.
# Cerro Aracamuni

Cerro Aracamuni is a granitic tepui in Amazonas state, Venezuela. Part of the Neblina–Aracamuni Massif, it lies north of Cerro Avispa and the vast complex of Cerro de la Neblina. Cerro Aracamuni and Cerro Avispa share a common slope area; they have a combined summit area of 238 km$^2$ (92 sq mi) and an estimated combined slope area of 658 km$^2$ (254 sq mi). Both of these cerro-plateaus have a maximum elevation of around 1,600 metres (5,200 ft).
Cerro Aracamuni lies within the Serranía de la Neblina National Park. There is illegal mining activity at its base.
Cerro Aracamuni emerald-barred frog, Ceuthomantis aracamuni, is only known from Cerro Aracamuni.
# Ivan Jeremić

Ivan Jeremić (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Јеремић; born 21 August 1961) is a Serbian professional basketball coach for Al Ahly Ly of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). He has coached several teams in Serbia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Russia, Bahrain, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, among others. He has coached the Libyan national basketball team in two different stints.

## Coaching career

Jeremić coached Serbian teams Tašmajdan, Stari Grad, OKK Beograd and Hemofarm.
Jeremić joined CSKA Moscow coaching staff in 2002 when Serbian coach Dušan Ivković was named a head coach. Furthermore, he was a coaching staff member of Russian coach Evgeniy Pashutin at CSKA Moscow, UNICS and Lokomotiv-Kuban.
He had one-year stint in Libya as head coach of Al Shabab. In 2016, Jeremić was named a head coach of Al-Muharraq of the Bahraini Premier League. In 2017, he won Bahraini Cup. On 16 September 2020, he signed a one-year contract extension with Kazma of the Kuwaiti Division I.
Jeremić has been a president of the Basketball Coaches Association of Serbia (UKTS) as of January 2016.
On April 19, 2024, Jeremic made his head coaching debut in the Basketball Africa League (BAL) as coach of Al-Ahly Ly.

### National team

Jeremić had two stints with the Libya national basketball team during the 2000s.

## Career achievements
### As head coach

* Bahraini League champion: 1 (with: Al-Muharraq: 2018–19)
* Khalifa Bin Salman Cup winner: 1 (with: Al-Muharraq: 2016–17)

### As assistant coach

* EuroCup winner: 2 (with UNICS Kazan: 2010–11; with Lokomotiv-Kuban: 2012–13)
* VTB United League champion: 1 (with: CSKA Moscow: 2009–10)
* Russian League champion: 4 (with: CSKA Moscow: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2009–10)
* Russian Cup winner: 2 (with: CSKA Moscow: 2004–05, 2009–10)
# Chromatic homotopy theory

In mathematics, chromatic homotopy theory is a subfield of stable homotopy theory that studies complex-oriented cohomology theories from the "chromatic" point of view, which is based on Quillen's work relating cohomology theories to formal groups. In this picture, theories are classified in terms of their "chromatic levels"; i.e., the heights of the formal groups that define the theories via the Landweber exact functor theorem. Typical theories it studies include: complex K-theory, elliptic cohomology, Morava K-theory and tmf.

## Chromatic convergence theorem

In algebraic topology, the chromatic convergence theorem states the homotopy limit of the chromatic tower (defined below) of a finite p-local spectrum $X$ is $X$ itself. The theorem was proved by Hopkins and Ravenel.

### Statement

Let $L_{E(n)}$ denotes the Bousfield localization with respect to the Morava E-theory and let $X$ be a finite, $p$-local spectrum. Then there is a tower associated to the localizations
    $\cdots \rightarrow L_{E(2)}X\rightarrow L_{E(1)}X\rightarrow L_{E(0)}X$
called the chromatic tower, such that its homotopy limit is homotopic to the original spectrum $X$.
The stages in the tower above are often simplifications of the original spectrum. For example, $L_{E(0)}X$ is the rational localization and $L_{E(1)}X$ is the localization with respect to p-local K-theory.

#### Stable homotopy groups

In particular, if the $p$-local spectrum $X$ is the stable $p$-local sphere spectrum $\mathbb {S} _{(p)}$, then the homotopy limit of this sequence is the original $p$-local sphere spectrum. This is a key observation for studying stable homotopy groups of spheres using chromatic homotopy theory.