OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Homeownership in Germany

Home ownership in Germany is lower overall than in most other European countries. In 2022, Germany's homeownership rate was 46.7%. During World War II, 2.25 million homes were destroyed with another two million damaged, reducing overall housing stocks by 20%. In 1949, West Germany enacted its first housing law and by 1961 had reduced its housing shortage from 5.5 million units to only 658,000. The mortgage market remained weak with banks requiring large downpayments from borrowers.
Germany has comparatively low rental prices and a high proportion of rent controlled units. The German government does not deduct mortgage interest payments from taxes. In the 2000s, Germany reduced government subsidies for homeownership.
# Conrad Lozano

Conrad R. Lozano (born March 21, 1951, in Los Angeles, California) is an American musician and the bass player for Los Lobos.
# Böhler (surname)

Böhler, Bohler, and Boehler is a surname, and may refer to;
* Bruce Boehler (1917–1987), American professional basketball player
* George Boehler (1892–1958), American professional baseball player
* Britta Böhler (born 1960), German lawyer, member of the Dutch Senate for the GreenLeft Party
* Fred Bohler (1885–1960), American athlete, coach, and administrator
* George Bohler (1887–1968), American football, basketball, and baseball coach
* Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler (1925–2007), American airman and civil-rights activist
* Jochen Böhler (born 1969), German historian
* John Bohler (1797–1872), English botanist
* Laurin Böhler (born 1995), Austrian Judoka
* Lorenz Böhler (1885–1973), Austrian physician
* Otto Böhler (1847–1913), Austrian silhouette artist
* Peter Böhler (1712–1775,) German Moravian missionary
* Reinhard Böhler (1945–1995), German motorcyclist
* Roy Bohler, American football, basketball, and baseball coach
* Stefanie Böhler (born 1981), German skier
# RigidChips

RigidChips is a rigid body simulator video game developed by Takeya Yasuhiko. Objects and vehicles are constructed by combining parts with a scripting language. The program calculates air and water resistance realistically. Models can be made using any basic text editor or a fan-made 3D editor.
Planes are controlled by changing the angles of flat pieces much like in a real airplane. Games can be made by assigning scripts to the constructed objects, including multiplayer network games. Using models with gun chips, multiplayer battles are possible.
RigidChips was left without any official support from Takeya Yasuhiko with version v1.5.B26 from August 2006. When Takeya became active again, he announced that RigidChips was "dead" and he is making a similar simulator called "Laputan Blueprints", which is in the proof of concept phase.

## Chip types

The building blocks, called chips for their square shape, are chip, frame, rudder, rudderf, trim, trimf, wheel, reaction less wheel (RLW), jet, arm, and cowl. All chips have an angle, a color, and an option.

### Chip

    Can be affected by the force of gravity, air resistance, or impact with a wall. Its angle can be changed in a manner similar to a hinge.

### Frame

    Similar to a chip except that it is hollow and not affected by air resistance. Given the option 1, it is invisible and unaffected by collisions. This applies to all chips of similar architecture.

### Rudder

    Rotates in a manner similar to a rudder.

### RudderF

    A rudder, but with the architecture of a frame.

### Arm

    A gun mostly used in multiplayer combats. It can be affected by air resistance and gravity. Given different options, the strength of the gun can be changed, along with the time to reload. The proportion is fixed.

### Trim

    A chip that rotates along the axis it is connected to, like a helicopter blade.

### TrimF

    A trim, but with the architecture of a frame.

### Weight

    A chip that adds weight to the model. It's also proportionally more resistant to bullets, and is commonly used as armor.

### Wheel

    A wheel used just like a car wheel. Given the option 1 or 2 the wheel will have a larger tire.

### RLW

    Reacts the same as a wheel, except there is no friction. Used as gyros.

### Jet

    A jet works similar to that in an airplane or a rocket. Given the option 1 the jet will become a balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas.

### Cowl

    A purely ornamental piece that is unaffected by physics. Only other cowls can attach to it. Given different options, the shape changes.
# Echinoplaca schizidiifera

Echinoplaca schizidiifera is a species of lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011. It is found in Venezuela.
# Chlamylla

Chlamylla is a genus of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Paracoryphellidae.

## Species

There are two species within the genus Chlamylla:
* Chlamylla borealis Bergh, 1886
* Chlamylla intermedia (Bergh, 1899)

### Synonymised species

* Chlamylla atypica (Bergh, 1899) synonym of Chlamylla borealis Bergh, 1886
# Leave It to Me (1930 film)

Leave It to Me is a 1930 British comedy film directed by George King and starring Robin Irvine, Dorothy Seacombe and A. Bromley Davenport. It was made at Twickenham Studios as a quota quickie for Fox Film.

## Cast

* Robin Irvine as Larry
* Dorothy Seacombe as Mrs. Jordan
* A. Bromley Davenport as Mr. Jordan
* Harold Huth as Slade
* Joan Wyndham as Ann Jordan
* Frank Stanmore as Merton
* Tom Helmore as Tony
* Fanny Wright as Housekeeper
# Drylongso

Drylongso, An African American idiom, may refer to:
* A sense of being that exemplifies the average African American way of being, doing, and thinking.
* Drylongso: A Self Portrait of Black America, a 1980 nonfiction oral history book by John Langston Gwaltney
* Drylongso (Hamilton book), a 1992 children's book by Virginia Hamilton, illustrated by Jerry Pinkney
* Drylongso (film), a 1998 film by Cauleen Smith
# Kevin Clarke (music historian)

Kevin Clarke (born 14 February 1967) is an Irish-German music historian specializing in 1920s jazz operettas.
Born in Berlin, Germany, Clarke is the author of various books dealing with topics such as the jazz and revue operettas of the Weimar Republic, operetta in Nazi Germany, and homosexuality and operetta. Since 2006 he has been director of the Operetta Research Center Amsterdam (ORCA).

## Writings

* The Art of Looking: The Life and Treasures of Collector Charles Leslie (Bruno Gmuender, 2015).
* Die Welt der Operette. Glamour, Stars & Showbusiness (Wien: Brandstätter, 2011), ISBN 978-3-85033-581-2.
* "Im Himmel spielt auch schon die Jazzband". Emmerich Kálmán und die transatlantische Operette 1928–32 (Hamburg: von Bockel, 2007, ISBN 978-3-932696-70-1.
* Glitter and be Gay: Die authentische Operette und ihre schwulen Verehrer (Hamburg: Männerschwarm, 2007), ISBN 978-3-939542-13-1.
* Im Weißen Rössl – Auf den Spuren eines Welterfolg (St. Wolfgang: Rössl Hotel, 2007), ISBN 978-3-200-01030-7.
* Die Tagebücher des Dr. Ralph Benatzky. Zwischen Berlin und Hollywood: Eine Zeitreise in die 20er Jahre, audio book )Duo-phon Records), ISBN 978-3-937127-11-8.
* Holland in musicals en operettes, in: Actuele Onderwerpen, No. 2814 (2004).
# Where? (album)

Where? is the debut album by bassist Ron Carter recorded in 1961 at Van Gelder Studio and released on the New Jazz label. Some reissues of the album appear under Eric Dolphy's name.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| DownBeat | |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Reception

The AllMusic review by Jim Todd stated "Carter and Dolphy had played together in Chico Hamilton's group and on Dolphy's important 1960 date Out There. Where? has elements in common with both, but is closer to Hamilton's late-'50s chamber jazz than to the more outward-bound Dolphy date. ... Carter's skill is undeniable, but his playing on Where? is a bit polite and monochromatic. ...Dolphy -- playing bass clarinet, alto sax, and flute -- is a far more interesting prospect, even if he doesn't blow his face off to the extent he did in other settings"

## Track listing

    All compositions by Ron Carter except as indicated
* "Rally" — 5:42
* "Bass Duet" — 5:43
* "Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Sigmund Romberg)" — 7:37
* "Where?" (Randy Weston)" — 5:58
* "Yes, Indeed" (Sy Oliver)" — 5:51
* "Saucer Eyes" (Weston)" —5:08

## Personnel

* Ron Carter — bass (tracks 2, 3, 6), cello (tracks 1, 4 & 5)
* Eric Dolphy — alto saxophone (track 3), bass clarinet (track 1), flute (tracks 5 & 6)
* Mal Waldron — piano
* George Duvivier — bass (tracks 1, 2, 4 & 5)
* Charlie Persip — drums
# Congtai, Handan

Congtai District (simplified Chinese: 丛台区; traditional Chinese: 叢台區; pinyin: Cóngtái Qū) is a district of the city of Handan, Hebei, China, with a population of 330,000 residing in an area of just 28 km$^2$ (11 sq mi).
The district seats the Handan's executive, legislature and judiciary, together with its Communist Party and Public Security bureaus.

## Administration

The district comprises 10 subdistricts, 1 town and 4 townships.

### 10 subdistricts

* West Congtai Subdistrict (丛台西街道)
* West Lianfang Subdistrict (联纺西街道)
* East Lianfang Subdistrict (联纺东街道)
* Guangmingqiao Subdistrict (光明桥街道)
* East Congtai Subdistrict (丛台东街道)
* Sijiqing Subdistrict (四季青街道)
* Heping Subdistrict (和平街道)
* Zhonghua Subdistrict (中华街道)
* Renmin Road Subdistrict (人民路街道)
* Liulinqiao Subdistrict (柳林桥街道)

### 1 town

* Huangliangmeng Town (黄粱梦镇)

### 4 township

* Sucao Township (苏曹乡)
* Sanling Township (三陵乡)
* Nanlügu Township (南吕固乡)
* Jianzhuang Township (兼庄乡)
# C. Bradford Welles

C. Bradford Welles (August 9, 1901 – October 8, 1969) was an American Classicist and ancient historian, born in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. His academic career was at Yale University. He received a B.A. in 1924, a Ph.D. in 1928, became an instructor in 1927, an assistant professor in 1931, an associate professor in 1939 and professor in 1940. At his death he was professor of ancient history and curator of the Yale Collection of Papyri. He was profoundly influenced by the great ancient historian Michael I. Rostovtzeff, who arrived at Yale in 1925.
In 1934 he published his first book, Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period, a collection of inscriptions with commentary still widely cited today. His major academic interests lay in Greek epigraphy, papyrology, and the history and archaeology of the Near East and Egypt in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. He was the editor of a series of volumes on the archaeological excavations at Dura-Europos and published the papyri found there. He was a founder and the first president of the American Society of Papyrologists, from which he received a Festschrift in 1966.
During World War II, he served as an Army officer, stationed in Cairo from October 1944 until August 1946; there he headed the Office of Strategic Services, Counter Espionage Section, Middle East. He had technical control of all X-2 operations in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Lebanon, the Levant States, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan. For this work, King George VI appointed him an Honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He was a colonel in the Office of G-2 in the Pentagon during the Korean War.
On October 23, 1927, he married Eleanor Bogert, the daughter of George Henry Bogert, an American landscape painter, and they had two sons.
# River Meon

The River Meon (/ˈmiːɒn/) is a chalk stream in Hampshire in the south of England. It rises at East Meon then flows 34 km (21 mi) in a generally southerly direction to empty into the Solent at Hill Head near Stubbington. Above Wickham, the river runs through the South Downs National Park.

## Course

The River Meon rises one mile (1.6 km) south of the village centre of East Meon. It flows due north, then northwest to West Meon, and southwest to Warnford followed by its characteristic, quite straight, south-southwest course, with many tiny wobbles in short stretches. The river descends through the villages of Exton, Corhampton and Meonstoke, Droxford, Wickham, and Titchfield. The river outflows over 2 miles (3.2 km) of estuary through the marshes of the Titchfield Haven National Nature Reserve to enter the Solent through a small harbour at Hill Head. Overall the valley forms the shape of that of a shepherd's crook.

## Navigation

Above the estuary has never been navigable. Titchfield Haven, on the Solent coast was a minor harbour. In the 17th century, the Earl of Southampton caused a sluice (not a canal) to be built (Titchfield Canal) to drain the marshes. The reinstated wetlands form the Titchfield Haven National Nature Reserve.

## Water quality

The Environment Agency measures the water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.
Water quality of the River Meon in 2019:
| Section | Ecological Status | Chemical Status | Overall Status | Length | Catchment | Channel |
| Meon | Good | Fail | Moderate | 46.245 km (28.735 mi) | 108.059 km$^2$ (41.722 sq mi) | |

## Gallery

* The River Meon, from the South Downs to the Solent
* 1. East Meon
* 2. The Meon at Warnford
* 3. Bridge over River Meon at Soberton
* 4. Mislingford
* 5. Fareham, north of the M27 motorway
* 6. Flooding in Catisfield
* 7. Titchfield Haven
* 8. River Meon at the Solent
# Rubidium germanium iodide

Rubidium germanium iodide is a ternary halide of rubidium and germanium, with the chemical formula RbGeI$_3$. It is being considered as a potential counterpart to the toxic CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ for photovoltaic applications.

## Preparation

Rubidium germanium iodide can be prepared by reacting germanium(II) hydroxide and rubidium iodide in hydroiodic acid:
    Ge(OH)$_2$ + RbI + 2 HI → GeRbI$_3$ + 2 H$_2$O

## Properties

Rubidium germanium iodide is polymorphic with various distorted perovskite-like structures, reflecting the influence of the "non-bonding" pair of electrons on the centre of Ge$^{2+}$.
At room temperature, rubidium germanium iodide has a black, cubic perovskite form; between -29 °C and -52 °C a black rhombohedral form; a bordeaux-red orthrhombic perovskite form between -52 °C and -92 °C; and a lemon-yellow orthorhombic form below -92 °C.
# Echinopla

Echinopla is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus is distributed from Singapore and Sumatra (Indonesia) to the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia.

## Species

* Echinopla angustata Zettel & Laciny, 2015
* Echinopla arfaki Donisthorpe, 1943
* Echinopla australis Forel, 1901
* Echinopla brevisetosa Zettel & Laciny, 2015
* Echinopla charernsomi Tanansathaporn & Jaitrong, 2018
* Echinopla circulus Zettel & Laciny, 2015
* Echinopla cherapunjiensis Bharti & Gul, 2012
* Echinopla crenulata Donisthorpe, 1941
* Echinopla deceptor Smith, 1863
* Echinopla densistriata Stitz, 1938
* Echinopla dubitata Smith, 1862
* Echinopla fisheri Zettel & Laciny, 2015
* Echinopla jeenthongi Tanansathaporn & Jaitrong, 2018
* Echinopla lateropilosa Zettel & Laciny, 2017
* Echinopla lineata Mayr, 1862
* Echinopla madli Zettel & Laciny, 2015
* Echinopla maeandrina Stitz, 1938
* Echinopla melanarctos Smith, 1857
* Echinopla mezgeri Zettel & Laciny, 2015
* Echinopla mistura (Smith, 1860)
* Echinopla nitida Smith, 1863
* Echinopla octodentata Stitz, 1911
* Echinopla pallipes Smith, 1857
* Echinopla praetexta Smith, 1860
* Echinopla pseudostriata Donisthorpe, 1943
* Echinopla rugosa André, 1892
* Echinopla senilis Mayr, 1862
* Echinopla serrata (Smith, 1859)
* Echinopla silvestrii Donisthorpe, 1936
* Echinopla striata Smith, 1857
* Echinopla tritschleri Forel, 1901
* Echinopla tunkuabduljalilii Laciny, Zettel, Maryati & Noor-Izwan, 2019
* Echinopla turneri Forel, 1901
* Echinopla vermiculata Emery, 1898
* Echinopla wardi Zettel & Laciny, 2015
# Sounds (short story)

"Sounds" is a short story by Russian American author Vladimir Nabokov originally written in Russian in September 1923.

## Plot summary

In the story, the narrator recounts to an old flame a date they once had, whilst her husband was away, where they visited a friend, Pal Palych, in the country. From the very beginning, it is revealed that the narrator is an aesthetic individual, prone to epiphanies. For him, the world seems "homogeneous, congruent, bound by the laws of harmony". Whereas the narrator is prone to communicate his epiphanies in the language of sound, the woman is "habitually untalkative". When the narrator must venture back to Palych's house to retrieve his date's cigarette-holder, he finds his friend bleary eyed and suggests that he get outside more. Towards the end, the woman tells the narrator that she'd leave her husband to be with him. The reader by now already suspects that something is up, as the narrator has revealed that he loves not only her, but the entire world: "it was not you alone who were my lover but the entire earth". In the end, the narrator rides his bicycle home, stopping along the way to sit on a park bench where he notices a woman he plans to talk to, as well as seeing Palych fishing.
# Ferry-Dusika-Hallenstadion

The Ferry-Dusika-Hallenstadion was an indoor arena in Vienna, Austria. It was built in 1976, held 7,700 spectators and hosted indoor sporting events such as track cycling, tennis and athletics. It hosted an annual indoor track and field meeting – the Vienna Indoor Classic.
It was named after Austrian cyclist Franz Dusika. The arena hosted the last cycling competition in July 2021. Afterwards the building was torn down. In its place, a new arena called "Sportarena Wien" will be built until 2023. The new indoor arena will not feature a velodrome. This was criticized by the Austrian Cycling Federation because they were not involved in the planning.

## Past events

* 1979 European Athletics Indoor Championships
* 1987 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
* 1999 Men's European Volleyball Championship
* 2002 European Athletics Indoor Championships
* 2010 European Judo Championships
# John Pettingall

Rev. John Pettingall D.D. (1707/8 – 30 June 1781) was a Welsh Church of England clergyman and antiquarian.

## Life

Pettingall was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales He attended Cowbridge School and there even learnt some Hebrew before matriculating from Jesus College, Oxford in 1725. He obtained his B.A. degree in 1728 and moved to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, receiving his M.A. degree from there in 1740. He was later awarded the Lambeth degree of D.D. He was ordained at Llandaff Cathedral in 1732 and, after serving as chaplain to the Bishop of Llandaff, he was rector of Whitson and vicar of Christchurch, both near Newport, Wales. He held these positions until 1756. Thereafter he was appointed rector of Stoke Hammond, Buckinghamshire, a position that he held until his death in Stoke Hammond in 1781.
He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1752. Topics covered by his works included Roman artifacts, early British coins and the jury in Greek and Roman society.
# Hop Wilson

Harding "Hop" Wilson (April 27, 1921 – August 27, 1975) was an American Texas blues steel guitar player. Wilson gained the nickname "Hop" as a devolution of "Harp" due to his constant playing of a harmonica as a child. His low sounding playing gave several of his tracks, even "Merry Christmas Darling", a morose, disillusioned feel.

## Early life

Wilson was born in Grapeland, Texas, in 1921, learning to play guitar and harmonica at an early age. Acquiring his first steel guitar sometime between the age of 12 and 18, Wilson performed at various Houston clubs. He served in the United States Army and became a private first class. After serving in the Army, Wilson decided to pursue a musical career.

## Music career

Wilson began his career performing with drummer Ivory Lee Semien and bassist "Ice Water" Jones in the 1950s, recording tracks in 1957 for Goldband Records in Lake Charles, Louisiana. He was described as having "absorbed not only the black Texas blues as sung and played by the likes of Blind Lemon Jefferson but also the heavily amplified, often wildly distorted, steel guitar sounds of the region's white Western Swing bands."
In 1960, Wilson signed with Ivory Records in Houston. Wilson led recording sessions, but despised touring, and only played locally until his death in Houston in 1975.

## Influence

While Wilson's recording career has been characterized as "slight", he did have an influence on a variety of musicians, including Ron Wood of The Rolling Stones, who stated in 1994 "There's another guitar player called Hop Wilson. I got songs that I wrote like 'Black Limousine' from him, those kinds of licks".
Peter Green, founder of Fleetwood Mac, interviewed in 2007 discussing his favourite blues artists, stated "then there's Hop Wilson, a slide guitar player from Houston who used a twin-neck lap steel. He recorded a couple of singles calling himself Pap Hop, and wrote the song "Black Cat Bone". I love his album Texas Steel Guitar Flash."
Wilson's song "My Woman Has A Black Cat Bone" was recorded by Albert Collins, Johnny Copeland and Robert Cray as "Black Cat Bone" on their 1985 combined release Showdown!, released through Alligator Records. Their recording features a spoken introduction where Copeland and Collins discussed Wilson started by Copeland as follows:
   "Tell me something, Albert: what ever happened to Hop Wilson, man?" "Well, Hop left us, man" "He did, Albert" "Boy he sure played that guitar over at the Red Lily Cube" "Yeah he layed that steel in his lap, he'd be gettin' down" "I used to like the way he said..." (song begins).
"Black Cat Bone" has since become a popular blues standard, and has been recorded by numerous contemporary blues artists including Matt Schofield, The Nimmo Brothers and Philipp Fankhauser.

## Discography

* Blues With Friends At Goldband (Goldband LP: 1981)
* Steel Guitar Flash! (Ace LP: 1988; Ace CD: 1994)
# Whitkirk (disambiguation)

Whitkirk is a suburb of east Leeds, England.
Whitkirk may also refer to:
* Ballywalter, County Down, Northern Ireland, a village
* Deanery of Whitkirk, in the Anglican Diocese of Leeds