OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Regio III Isis et Serapis

The Regio III Isis et Serapis was the third regio of imperial Rome, under Augustus's administrative reform. Regio III took its name from the double sanctuary of Isis and Serapis, in the area of the Via Praenestina, containing the valley that was to be the future site of the Colosseum, and parts of the Oppian and Esquiline hills.

## Geographic extent and important features

Centred on the Oppian Hill, Regio III was bordered to its south east by the Via Tusculana, to the north by the Clivus Suburanus, and to the west by the Via Labicana. A measurement taken at the end of the 4th century recorded that the perimeter of the region was 12,350 Roman feet (approximately 3.65 km).
Perhaps the most noticeable structure that resided within Regio III sat in the valley between the Caelian and Oppian Hills. This was the Flavian Amphitheatre, today referred to as the Colosseum. The most important ancient festival held there was the Secular games hosted by the Roman emperor Philip in 248 CE, celebrating the 1000 year anniversary of the foundation of Rome.
Positioned immediately adjacent to the north of the Colosseum were the Baths of Titus and the enormous Baths of Trajan, the former built over a part of Nero’s Domus Aurea, the latter dominating the Oppian Hill and its ruins are still visible in modern Rome. Nevertheless, the most important buildings to the ancient Romans within this region were the double temple of Isis and Serapis, neither of which are extant today. This fate also befell the Moneta, the imperial mint that stood nearby. Also destroyed (though the foundations are still visible) is the Ludus Magnus (also known as the Great Gladiatorial Training School), the largest of the four gladiator training schools (ludi) in Ancient Rome built by the emperor Domitian, as well as the Ludus Dacicus, sited on the lower northern slopes of the Caelian Hill.
Alongside these buildings was the Castra Misenatium. Here, marines specially enlisted from the Roman naval headquarters at Misenum were housed and were employed to work the velarium at the Colosseum. Finally, the northern limits of Regio III contained the site of the Porticus of Livia, built by the emperor Augustus on the site of the house of Vedius Pollio in 15 BCE, and finished and dedicated to his wife Livia in 7 BCE.
At the turn of the 5th century, the Regio contained 12 aediculae (shrines), 160 domūs (patrician houses), 18 horrea (warehouses), 80 balneae (bath houses) and 65 loci (fountains).

## Subdivisions

At the turn of the 5th century, the Regio was divided into 12 vici (districts) and 2,757 insulae (blocks). It had two curators and was served by 48 Roman magistrates.
# Canton of Beauvais-1

The canton of Beauvais-1 is an administrative division of the Oise department, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Beauvais.
It consists of the following communes:
* Beauvais (partly)
* Fouquenies
* Herchies
* Milly-sur-Thérain
* Le Mont-Saint-Adrien
* Pierrefitte-en-Beauvaisis
* Saint-Germain-la-Poterie
* Savignies
# Covariance and contravariance

Covariance and contravariance may refer to:
* Covariance and contravariance of vectors, in mathematics and theoretical physics
* Covariance and contravariance of functors, in category theory
* Covariance and contravariance (computer science), whether a type system preserves the ordering ≤ of types
* An informal synonym for invariance (physics)
# James Bretherton

James Bretherton (5 January 1862 – 9 June 1926) was an English cricketer active in the 1890s, playing in six first-class cricket matches. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler.
Having played club cricket for Boughton Hall since 1890, Bretherton made his debut in first-class cricket when he was selected to play for the Liverpool and District cricket team against Yorkshire at Aigburth in 1890. He made five further appearances in first-class cricket for Liverpool and District to 1894, all of which came against Yorkshire, with exception of his second match of 1893 which came against the touring Australians. He scored a total of 165 runs in his six matches, averaged 16.50, with a high score of 50. With the ball he took 24 wickets, which came at an identical average to his batting. His best figures were 5/30 in his debut match, which was also his only career five wicket haul. He later made a single appearance for Cheshire in the 1895 Minor Counties Championship against Worcestershire.
He died at Raby, Cheshire on 9 June 1926.
# Hurlers Cross

Hurlers Cross (Irish: Crois na hIomána) is a small village in County Clare, Ireland. It is situated close to Shannon Town and 6 km (3.7 mi) from both Sixmilebridge and Newmarket-on-Fergus. It forms a part of Newmarket-on-Fergus parish.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the meeting of three roads: one to Ennis (and later Shannon), one to Limerick and one to Sixmilebridge. The last named is now closed off at the western end of the village, following the opening of a dual-carriageway bypass (N18/N19) serving the Limerick to Ennis route, which has taken away the heavy traffic that was once a feature of Hurlers Cross.
# Chappel Viaduct

The Chappel Viaduct is a railway viaduct that crosses the River Colne in the Colne Valley in Essex, England. It carries the Gainsborough Line which now is a short branch linking Marks Tey in Essex to Sudbury in Suffolk. The line previously, however, extended to Shelford in Cambridgeshire.
It was completed in 1849 by the Eastern Union Railway, which was later absorbed into the Great Eastern Railway. It is the longest bridge in the East Anglia region at 1,060 feet (320 m), and one of the largest brick-built structures in the country. It was listed at Grade II in 1967.

## Description

The viaduct consists of 32 30-foot (9.1 m) semi-circular spans, with tapered piers; it is 1,060 feet (320 m) long and rises to a maximum height of 75 feet (23 m). The piers consist of two shafts, separated by a 6-foot (2 m) opening, joined at the top and bottom by arches. Each shaft contains a hollow void up to 4 feet (1.2 m) by 3 feet (1 m), partially filled with concrete to the level of the bottom arch. The running level of the viaduct has a gradient of 1 in 120.

## Construction

The seven million bricks used in the construction of the viaduct were made from clay excavated from the nearby village of Bures. It was built to carry a double-track railway but only a single track was laid. The bridge was built by Peter Bruff between 1847 and 1849 for the Colchester, Stour Valley, Sudbury & Halstead Railway, later part of the Great Eastern Railway.
The railway initially planned to build the viaduct with laminated timber but Bruff opted for brick to reduce the cost. He debated the cost benefits of brick compared to timber with the Great Western Railway's chief engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel after a lecture at the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1850, Brunel being strongly in favour of using timber. Bruff went on to commission a painting of the viaduct by Frederick Brett Russell, which is now held by Ipswich Museum. Sources differ on the cost of construction; E. A. Labrum gives the cost as £21,000, while Historic England state a figure of £32,000 (both 1849).
A foundation stone in pier 21 was laid by the railway company's chairman and deputy chairman at the start of works in September 1847 and newly minted coins were placed inside as a souvenir. The stone and coins disappeared within a few hours of being placed and a bricklayer was later arrested, having tried to pay at a bar with a new half sovereign, but was not convicted of the theft due to lack of evidence.

## Listing

The viaduct was designated a Grade II listed structure on 27 November 1967. It is the longest bridge in East Anglia, and was reported to have been built out of 7 million bricks. It is amongst the largest brick-built structures in England, after Liverpool's Stanley Dock Warehouse (27 million bricks), Battersea Power Station in London, and Stockport Viaduct and Ouse Valley Viaduct which used approximately 11 million bricks each.
# Ravn

Ravn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## People

* Allan Ravn (born 1974), Danish former professional association football player
* Anders P. Ravn (1947–2019), Danish computer scientist
* Jørgen Ravn (born 1940), Danish former football (soccer) player
* Mette Ravn (born 1943), Norwegian diplomat
* Palle Ravn (1928–2012), Danish chess master
* Per Ravn Omdal (born 1947), former president of the Norwegian Football Association
* Peter Ravn (speedway rider) (born 1962), former international motorcycle speedway rider
* Simon Ravn (born 1974), composer who composes orchestral music for film, television and video games

## Businesses

* Ravn Alaska, air marketing brand operated by Corvus Airlines based in Fairbanks, Alaska
* Ravn Studio, independent game development studio based in Drammen, Norway
# British Library, MS Egerton 1994

Egerton MS 1994 is a manuscript collection of English Renaissance plays, now in the Egerton Collection of the British Library. Probably prepared by the actor William Cartwright around 1642, and later presented by him to Dulwich College, the collection contains unique copies of several Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Caroline dramas, including significant works like Edmund Ironside and Thomas of Woodstock.
The collection contains fourteen plays and an anonymous masque:
* The Elder Brother, by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger — folios 2–29
* Dick of Devonshire, attributed to Robert Davenport or Thomas Heywood — ff. 30–51
* The Captives, by Thomas Heywood — ff. 52–73
* The Escapes of Jupiter, by Thomas Heywood — ff. 74–95
* Edmund Ironside — ff. 96–118
* Charlemagne — ff. 119–35
* The Fatal Marriage or A Second Lucretia — ff. 136–60
* Thomas of Woodstock — ff. 161–85
* The Lady Mother, by Henry Glapthorne — ff. 186–211
* A masque — ff. 212–23
* The Two Noble Ladies and the Converted Conjurer — ff. 224–44
* Nero — ff. 245–67
* The Poor Man's Comfort, by Robert Daborne — ff. 268–92
* Love's Changelings' Change — ff. 293–316
* The Launching of the Mary, attributed to Walter Mountfort — ff. 317–49.
Thomas of Woodstock was one of Shakespeare's sources for his Richard II, and Edmund Ironside has been attributed to Shakespeare by some commentators.
Some of the plays, like The Two Noble Ladies and the two Heywood works, are judged to be autograph scripts, in the handwriting of the authors. (The Escapes of Jupiter consists of excerpts from Heywood's The Golden Age and The Silver Age.) The untitled masque in the collection has strong commonalities with the work of George Chapman; it borrows a long passage from The Tragedy of Byron, suggesting Chapman influence rather than authorship.
The Launching of the Mary is a "first draft, written at different times, with different inks, and on different paper." The play was written at sea but subsequently supplied to a professional playing company when its author, Walter Mountfort, had returned to London.
The anonymous works in the collection have been the subject of attribution studies, and disagreements. Dick of Devonshire has been assigned to Davenport, but also to Heywood.
# Rekarne

Rekarne (Swedish pronunciation:) is the historical name for the north-western part of the province Södermanland in Sweden. It constitutes the lands on both sides of river Eskilstunaån between Lake Mälaren and Lake Hjälmaren and approximately corresponds to the present day Eskilstuna Municipality.
Historically, Rekarne was from the mid-14th century for administrative purposes divided into:
* West Rekarne hundred
* East Rekarne hundred
and the chartered towns of Torshälla (est. 1317) and Eskilstuna (1659).
Since the large administrative reforms of the mid-20th century, leading to the establishment of Eskilstuna Municipality within its current borders in 1971, the name Rekarne no longer carries any administrative significance, but survives in some local place names, the name of the local Sparbanken Rekarne bank and the Rekarnegymnasiet upper secondary school. The railway station Rekarne in Tumbo only exists as a siding today.
Some localities in the area, like Husby-Rekarne, carry the Rekarne name to distinguish them from other similarly named localities in Sweden. The locality named Rekarne next to the Rekarne railway station was redefined under the name Tumbo by Statistics Sweden in 1990.
# Čestlice

Čestlice is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. It is known for Aquapalace Prague, which is the largest water park in the country, and for an extensive commercial zone.

## Etymology

The oldest written form of the name is Šestlice. This would mean that the name is derived from the personal name Šestl, meaning "the village of Šestla's people", and later was distorted. However, it is likely that the name was actually derived from the name Čestl or Čestla and contained a typo in the oldest records.

## Geography

Čestlice is located about 5 kilometres (3 mi) southeast of Prague. It lies in a flat agricultural landscape in the Prague Plateau.

## History

The first written mention of Čestlice is from 1227. In 1457, the fortress in Čestlice was first mentioned. From 1541 to 1927, it was a property of Průhonice.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 313 | — |
| 1880 | 341 | +8.9% |
| 1890 | 345 | +1.2% |
| 1900 | 316 | −8.4% |
| 1910 | 348 | +10.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 352 | +1.1% |
| 1930 | 389 | +10.5% |
| 1950 | 313 | −19.5% |
| 1961 | 300 | −4.2% |
| 1970 | 280 | −6.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 347 | +23.9% |
| 1991 | 405 | +16.7% |
| 2001 | 405 | +0.0% |
| 2011 | 633 | +56.3% |
| 2021 | 742 | +17.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Economy

Aquapalace Prague, the biggest water park in the Czech Republic, is located in Čestlice. Čestlice is also known for its large commercial zone, which serves mainly for the inhabitants of Prague.

## Transport

The D1 motorway leads across the municipality.

## Sights

The main historical landmark of Čestlice is the Church of Saint Procopius. It was built in 1863–1864, on the place where a small church was documented already in the 14th century.
# Gumani

Gumani is a community in Tamale Metropolitan District in the Northern Region of Ghana. It has a linear settlement with roads constructed within the community linking it to the Tamale-Bolgatanga trunk road. It is a populated community.
# 2005–06 Liga de Honra

The 2005–06 Liga de Honra season was the 16th season of the competition and the 72nd season of recognised second-tier football in Portugal.

## Overview

The league was contested by 18 teams with SC Beira-Mar winning the championship and gaining promotion to the Primeira Liga along with CD Aves. At the other end of the table Moreirense FC, SC Covilhã, FC Barreirense, FC Marco, AD Ovarense and FC Maia were relegated to the Segunda Divisão.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Beira-Mar (C, P) | 34 | 18 | 14 | 2 | 45 | 18 | +27 | 68 | Promotion to Primeira Liga |
| 2 | Desportivo das Aves (P) | 34 | 18 | 10 | 6 | 47 | 30 | +17 | 64 | Promotion to Primeira Liga |
| 3 | Leixões | 34 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 47 | 19 | +28 | 62 | |
| 4 | Varzim | 34 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 47 | 39 | +8 | 52 | |
| 5 | Olhanense | 34 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 41 | 28 | +13 | 52 | |
| 6 | Santa Clara | 34 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 45 | 32 | +13 | 51 | |
| 7 | Gondomar | 34 | 14 | 9 | 11 | 56 | 41 | +15 | 51 | |
| 8 | Chaves | 34 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 40 | 36 | +4 | 50 | |
| 9 | Estoril | 34 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 44 | 43 | +1 | 45 | |
| 10 | Feirense | 34 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 44 | |
| 11 | Vizela | 34 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 42 | 48 | −6 | 44 | |
| 12 | Portimonense | 34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 43 | |
| 13 | Moreirense (R) | 34 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 36 | 37 | −1 | 42 | Relegation to Segunda Divisão |
| 14 | Sporting da Covilhã (R) | 34 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 37 | 42 | −5 | 42 | Relegation to Segunda Divisão |
| 15 | Barreirense (R) | 34 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 31 | 41 | −10 | 35 | Relegation to Segunda Divisão |
| 16 | Marco (R) | 34 | 7 | 8 | 19 | 32 | 63 | −31 | 29 | Relegation to Segunda Divisão |
| 17 | Ovarense (R) | 34 | 6 | 7 | 21 | 36 | 72 | −36 | 25 | Relegation to Segunda Divisão |
| 18 | Maia (R) | 34 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 30 | 67 | −37 | 24 | Relegation to Segunda Divisão |

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 "Portugal - Table of Honor - soccerlibrary.free.fr" (PDF). Soccer Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
# John McNeill (botanist)

John McNeill (born 15 September 1933) is a British and Canadian botanist and museum director who has worked particularly on the plant order Caryophyllales. In 1960, he received a Ph.D. from the University of Edinburgh for his thesis on “Taxonomic studies in the Alsinoideae”. As a nomenclature specialist, he has provided editorial guidance for journals and book series, and has served as a member of the Editorial Committee of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants since the XIII International Botanical Congress in 1981. He has served as Vice-rapporteur and Rapporteur-general for several botanical congresses, including at Melbourne (2011). As an editor for the journal Taxon, he is involved with assessing proposals to conserve and reject botanical names.

## Career summary

* 1957–1961 he was successively lecturer and associate lecturer in agricultural botany at the University of Reading
* 1961–1969, lecturer at the University of Liverpool.
* 1969–1981, Plant Research Institute of Agriculture Canada
* 1981–1987, professor of biology at the University of Ottawa
* 1987–1989, 'Regius Keeper' (director) of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh as successor to Douglas Mackay Henderson and predecessor to David S. Ingram
* 1989, Associate Director of the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto (Canada). In this position he was in charge of the collections and research
* 1990–1991, Executive Director of the Royal Ontario Museum
* 1990–1999, professor of botany at the University of Toronto
* 1991–1995, Director of the Royal Ontario Museum
* 1995–1997, Director and President of the Royal Ontario Museum
Since his retirement in 1999, Dr McNeill has served as Director Emeritus of the Royal Ontario Museum. Since 1998 he has been an honorary research associate at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He is involved in the Flora of North America, acting as an editor, writer, and as a consultant on matters of botanical nomenclature related to the project. He was President of the International Organization for Plant Information. For the Flora of China he contributed to the descriptions of the families Caryophyllaceae and Polygonaceae.
McNeill was the (co-) author of more than sixty botanical names. He is a member of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and he serves on the editorial board of Edinburgh Journal of Botany.
# Kulur, Mangalore

Kulur or Kuloor is a locality in Mangalore city, Karnataka, India about 7 kilometres (4.3mi) north of the city centre. Kulur is one of the major commercial junctions in the city.

## Transport links

Kulur is on National Highway 66, the main west coast road running south from Panvel, Maharashtra. The highway crosses the Gurupura River via the Kulur Bridge into Kulur, bypasses Mangalore city centre to the east, before continuing on into Kerala. The southbound Kular Bridge was built in 1952 and is of a bowstring arch truss design while the northbound is a reinforced concrete girder bridge. As of March 2023, a new six-lane bridge is under construction between the two existing bridges. A main road runs east from Kulur Junction to Kavoor where it connects to State Highway 67 northbound to Mangalore international airport.

## Tourism

The River Festival of Mangalore was held at Kulur along with Bangrakulur & Tannirbhavi. The district administration and Mangalore City Corporation proposed the building of a permanent jetty at Kulur, to promote the backwater tourism of Mangalore along Gurupura River. The Kulur-Tannirbhavi corridor will be developed as a major tourist attraction under the Smart City Project.

## Schools & Colleges in Kulur

* Kulur High School
* VIBGYOR Roots and Rise, Kulur
* AJ Institute of Engineering & Technology.
# John Mark (disambiguation)

John Mark, a character in the Bible.
John Mark may also refer to:
* John Martin Mark, MP in the Northern Ireland parliament for Londonderry
* John Mark (athlete), lit the Olympic flame at the 1948 Summer Olympics
# Ravna

Ravna may refer:

## Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Ravna, Jablanica - a city in Jablanica municipality, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Ravna (Maglaj) - a city in Maglaj municipality, Zenica-Doboj Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

## Bulgaria (written in Cyrillic as Равна)

* Ravna, Montana Province - a village in Chiprovtsi municipality, Montana Province
* Ravna, Sofia Province - a village in Godech municipality, Sofia Province
* Ravna, Varna Province - a village in Provadiya Municipality, Varna Province
# King Oscar

King Oscar may refer to:

## People

* Oscar I of Sweden, King of Sweden and Norway
* Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway

## Others

* King Oscar (company), canned seafood brand
# Çakırlar, Yapraklı

Çakırlar is a village in the Yapraklı District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 91 (2021).
# Özlem Becerikli

Özlem Becerikli (born 21 March 1980, in Balıkesir, Turkey) is a Turkish powerlifter of class PO competing in the -56 kg division, and a Paralympian. She is a member of the Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kağıtspor, where she is coached by Şule Şahbaz.

## Career history

Becerikli took the bronze medal in the -52 kg division at the 2010 IPC Powerlifting World Championships held in Kuala Lumpur, Malesia. Özlem was the winner of another bronze medal taken at the Fazza International Powerlifting Championships in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in 2010. In 2011, she became bronze medalist at the Arafura Games in Darwin, Australia.
She won the bronze medal at the 2012 Paralympics.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Turkey ||||||
| 2010 | IPC World Championships | Kuala Lumpur, Malesia | 3rd | -52 kg | 100 kg |
| 2010 | Fazza International Powerlifting Championships | Dubai, UAE | 3rd | -52 kg | 114 kg |
| 2011 | Arafura Games | Darwin, Australia | 3rd | -52 kg | 102.5 kg |
| 2012 | Summer Paralympics | London, United Kingdom | 3rd | -56 kg | 118.0 kg |
# Guy Terjanian

Guy Terjanian is a French mathematician who has worked on algebraic number theory. He achieved his Ph.D. under Claude Chevalley in 1970, and at that time published a counterexample to the original form of a conjecture of Emil Artin, which suitably modified had just been proved as the Ax-Kochen theorem.
In 1977, he proved that if p is an odd prime number, and the natural numbers x, y and z satisfy $x^{2p}+y^{2p}=z^{2p}$, then 2p must divide x or y.
# John McNeill (New South Wales politician)

John McNeill (1872 – 4 June 1916) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.
His parents were commercial traveller John McNeill and Anne McKenzie. He arrived in New South Wales in 1888 and became a patternmaker, working for the Railways Department. In 1893 he married Mary O'Brien; they would have five children. He later worked as a publican. In 1902 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Sydney-Pyrmont, transferring to Pyrmont in 1904. He served until his retirement in 1913, and died in 1916 at Hurstville.