OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kin'yuki Sonoike

Kin'yuki Sonoike (園池 公致, Sonoike Kin'yuki, April 29, 1886 – January 3, 1974) was an author in Taishō and Shōwa period Japan.
Sonoike was born in Hirakawachō, Tokyo. His father was in the service of the Imperial Household Agency, and his grandfather was the appointive governor of Nara prefecture in the Meiji period. He left the Gakushuin Peers’ School to pursue a literary career and was one of the early members of the Shirakaba Society. His 1919 short story, Hitori Sumō influenced the writings of Kazuo Hirotsu. In his later years, he was considered a member of a conservative group, which included Tetsuro Watsuji, Saneatsu Mushanokōji and Michio Takeyama.
# Iridomyrmex obsidianus

Iridomyrmex obsidianus is a species of ant in the genus Iridomyrmex. Described by Carlo Emery in 1914, the species can only be found in New Caledonia.
# Iridomyrmex pallidus

Iridomyrmex pallidus is a species of ant in the genus Iridomyrmex. Described by Auguste-Henri Forel in 1901, the ant is endemic to Australia, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and their preferred habitats include tropical rainforests and eucalypt forest.
# Zapotec

Zapotec (English: /ˈsɒpoʊˌtɛk/) or zapoteca may refer to:

## Cultures and languages

* Zapotec civilization, a historical indigenous pre-Columbian civilization and archaeological culture of central Mexico
* Zapotec languages, a group of closely related indigenous Mesoamerican languages
* Zapotec peoples, contemporary indigenous peoples of Mexico
* Zapotecan languages, a group of related Oto-Manguean languages (including Zapotec languages), of central Mesoamerica
* Zapotec language (Jalisco), an extinct language from Jalisco state in Mexico, unrelated (despite its name) to the group of Zapotec languages.

## Other uses

* Zapoteca (plant), a legume genus
# Kincorth

Kincorth is a suburb located to the south of Aberdeen, Scotland. The name is a corruption of the Scottish Gaelic "Ceann Coirthe", which probably refers to an old pillar or standing stone (coirthe). Kincorth is known as the garden estate of Aberdeen, and its plan originated in a competition launched in 1936 and won by Robert Gardner-Medwin, Denis Winston (who went on to become the University of Sydney's first Professor of Town Planning) and Clifford Holliday. It also has the Kincorth hill nature reserve known locally as the Gramps (Grampian mountains)The area is served by local high school Lochside Academy.
# Broadcast control channel

A broadcast control channel (BCCH) is a point to multipoint, unidirectional (downlink) channel used in the Um interface of the GSM cellular standard. The BCCH carries a repeating pattern of system information messages that describe the identity, configuration and available features of the base transceiver station (BTS). These messages also provide a list of absolute radio-frequency channel numbers (ARFCNs) used by neighboring BTSs. This message pattern is synchronized to the BTS frame clock. The minimum BCCH message set is system information messages 2–4, although other messages are normally present. The messages themselves are described in 3GPP Technical Specification 44.018.
Any GSM ARFCN that includes a BCCH is designated as a beacon channel and is required to transmit continuously at full power.
# Chester Township, Ohio

Chester Township, Ohio, may refer to:
* Chester Township, Clinton County, Ohio
* Chester Township, Geauga County, Ohio
* Chester Township, Meigs County, Ohio
* Chester Township, Morrow County, Ohio
* Chester Township, Wayne County, Ohio
# Chester Township, Otsego County, Michigan

Chester Township is a civil township of Otsego County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,300 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* Farrar Landing is an unincorporated community located on the township line with Otsego Lake Township along Chub Creek at 44°52′36″N 84°36′16″W﻿ / ﻿44.8766800°N 84.6044701°W﻿ / 44.8766800; -84.6044701.
* Lower Chub Landing is an unincorporated community located within the township along Chub Creek at 44°53′27″N 84°35′04″W﻿ / ﻿44.8908464°N 84.5844692°W﻿ / 44.8908464; -84.5844692.
* Whites Landing is an unincorporated community located within the township at 44°54′26″N 84°34′21″W﻿ / ﻿44.9072350°N 84.5725242°W﻿ / 44.9072350; -84.5725242.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 68.74 square miles (178.04 km$^2$), of which 67.56 square miles (174.98 km$^2$) is land and 1.18 square miles (3.06 km$^2$) (1.72%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,265 people, 481 households, and 370 families residing in the township. The population density was 18.7 inhabitants per square mile (7.2/km$^2$). There were 858 housing units at an average density of 12.7 per square mile (4.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.21% White, 0.24% African American, 0.08% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.08% of the population.
There were 481 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,368, and the median income for a family was $47,011. Males had a median income of $34,286 versus $20,302 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,479. About 4.9% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
# King Kyle Lee

King Kyle Lee, born Kyle Milson, is an American rapper from San Antonio, Texas born on May 29, 1999. He was born on the Southside of Houston, Texas and later moved to San Antonio.

## Early life

Milson was born on the Southside of Houston Texas and was raised in San Antonio. He played basketball and was ranked fifth in the state of Texas.

## Discography

* The X Factor (2016)
* Texas Please Legalize Me! (2017)
* The American Dream Legends Never Die (2018)
* Return Of The King (2019)
# King Hui of Wei

King Hui of Wei (Chinese: 魏惠王; 400–319 BC), also known as King Hui of Liang (Chinese: 梁惠王), personal name Wei Ying, was a monarch of the Wei state, reigning from 369 BC to 319 BC. He initially ruled as marquess, but later elevated himself to kingship in 344 BC. He was a grandson of Marquess Wen, the founder of the state, and a son of his predecessor, Marquess Wu. He was succeeded by his son, King Xiang.
He came to the throne after a war of succession during which Wei was nearly partitioned by the Zhao and Han states.
He is notable for four policies:
* In 361 BC, he moved the capital from Anyi to Daliang to get it out of the reach of the Qin state. Anyi was on the plateau south of the Fen River not far from where the Fen River and Wei River join the Yellow River. Daliang was to the far southeast of Wei near the border with the Song state. Thereafter, the Wei state was briefly called Liang.
* In 362–359 BC, he made exchanges of territory with Zhao to the north and Han to the south. This gave Wei more rational borders, secured the new capital and gave Wei more control over trade routes.
* In 361–355 BC, he held several face-to-face meetings with the rulers of the neighboring states.
* In 344 BC, he promoted the Wei state from a march to a kingdom.
He also conducted several dialogues with the renowned Confucian Mencius.
# Zavet, Burgas Province

Zavet is a village in Sungurlare Municipality, Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
# Brokenburg, Virginia

Brokenburg is an unincorporated community in Spotsylvania County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Brokenburr

Brokenburr is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kenny Brokenburr (born 1968), American sprinter
* Robert Brokenburr (1886–1974), American attorney, civil rights leader and politician
* Nerissa Brokenburr Stickney (1913–1960), American pianist and music educator
# Rast, Dolj

Rast is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Rast.
The locality was severely affected by flooding in the April 2006 Danube floods, with more than 4,000 evacuated residents and hundreds of households destroyed.
# Chewalla, Tennessee

Chewalla is an unincorporated community in McNairy County, Tennessee, United States. Chewalla is located on Tennessee State Route 234 and the Norfolk Southern Railway 4.1 miles (6.6 km) south-southwest of Ramer. Chewalla has a post office with ZIP code 38393.
Chewalla had its start when the railroad was extended to that point. The name Chewalla is derived from a Native American language.
# Chewacla State Park

Chewacla State Park is a public recreation area occupying 696 acres (282 ha) below Interstate 85 on the far south side of Auburn, Alabama. The state park's central feature, 26-acre (11 ha) Lake Chewacla, provides opportunities for fishing, swimming, and non-motorized boating.

## History

In the late nineteenth century, Wright's Mill occupied a site in the park where swimmers could find a place to splash about in the mill's surrounding pool. In the 1930s, workers with the Civilian Conservation Corps developed roads, foot trails, and park buildings. Their efforts can be seen in the park's stone cabins and arched masonry bridge. They also constructed the dam that created Chewacla Lake. The state took possession, opening the grounds as Chewacla State Park, in 1939.

## Awards

In June 2011, The United States Department of the Interior presented Chewacla State Park with a National Recreation award. Chewacla was one of 41 parks to receive this honor. In September 2020, Chewacla State Park was one of eleven Alabama state parks awarded Tripadvisor’s Traveler’s Choice Award, which recognizes businesses and attractions that earn consistently high user reviews.

## Activities and amenities

In addition to water activities, the park features a system of trails for hiking and for mountain biking. Its trail system was designated as a National Recreation Trail in 2011. The park has facilities for RV and tent camping in addition to its renovated CCC–era cabins. In 2018, Chewacla received roughly 75,000 day passes along with 1,500 cabins rentals and 6,500 camping permits.
# Chewang, Lanling County

Chewang (simplified Chinese: 车辋; traditional Chinese: 車輞; pinyin: Chēwǎng) is a town in Cangshan County, in southern Shandong province, China. As of 2011, it has 48 villages under its administration. It is more than 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Linyi and about 17 km (11 mi) northwest of the county seat.
# Rasgacabeza

Rasgacabeza (stylized as RASGACABEZA) is the second album by Brazilian band Francisco, el Hombre, released on 15 March 2019. It features Capilé e DBL.
The videos for "O Tempo é Sua Morada" and "Chama Adrenalina" were released in November 2018 and February 2019, respectively. According to the band, all of the album's songs would receive videos.
It is the last album featuring Rafael Gomes on bass.

## Background and composition

The album marks a shift in the band's sound. About this change and the need for it, they said it was "a different album from the others. It accumulates all the things we felt last year to turn the attitude we want to have in 2019. In RASGACABEZA ideia is fuel, moment is spark and attitude is fire."
One of the sources of inspiration for the change was producer Carlos Eduardo Miranda, who, according to the band, though their previous album Soltasbruxa was "afraid to be bold". He asked the band not to be afraid to dare on their next album. Following his death, the band decided to self-produce it and follow his advice.
The band, which always liked to make political commentary in their songs, saw an opportunity to address their frustrations and anxieties in the Brazilian 2018 election and the country's steering towards conservative values. According to them, the album is "a total breakup with the predecessor because we need the breakup to grow. We need to re-think our methods in order not to stay stuck in the past."
In the beginning, the album was done in several places amidst their debut album's tour, which included Chile, Goiânia and even a plane trip. Then, the band created the album in their studio. Besides that, in order to give the work an industrial tone, the band sampled instruments from videos with very few views on YouTube.

## Song information

"O Tempo é sua Morada", the first song to be released, was based on their experiences on the Day of the Dead in Mexico, and works as a celebration and a farewell to Soltasbruxa.
"Chão Teto Parede" criticizes Brazil's situation around the time of the album. Its electronic elements and the idea that everything is on fire are meant to encourage the listener to take action.
# Chiddushei Rabbeinu Chaim

Chiddushei Rabbeinu Chaim HaLevi Al-HaRambam (Hebrew: חידושי רבינו חיים הלוי על הרמב"ם, lit. Our Rabbi Chaim the Levite's Novellae on Maimonides) is a volume of commentary by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik on Maimonides’ Mishneh Torah. It also contains original commentary on the Talmud. There are 154 pieces in the work, with some themes overlapping through multiple pieces. Soloveitchik was the founder of the Brisker Derech (also known as Lomdus, a conceptual approach to Talmudic study), and was known for reconciling contradictions in Maimonides' writings. The text was written in a very terse style whose intricacy is difficult even for those very familiar with the Brisker Derech, and was written for those already on a very advanced level of Talmudic and Halachic study. Rabbi Chaim’s son Rabbi Moshe Soloveichik first printed it posthumously in 1936, he stated in the preface that his father wrote it with extreme precision, having “sifted the text seven times over and winnowed it a hundred times more.” Some years later a commentary on Chiddushei Rabbeinu Chaim was written by Rabbi Chaim's student Rabbi Yehezkel Abramsky. Audio explanations of the entire work are available on podcast from Rabbi Elisha Friedman.
# Ranulph (Archdeacon of Leicester)

Ranulph was the first recorded archdeacon of Leicester: he was appointed by Remigius, Bishop of Lincoln in 1092.
# Irena Sawicka

Irena Scheur-Sawicka (August 18, 1890 – August 1 or 4, 1944) was a Polish archaeologist, ethnographer, and educational and communist activist. During World War II she joined the Polish Workers' Party. She was active in the Polish resistance during World War II and, together with Żegota, in helping Jewish refugees from the Warsaw Ghetto. She died in the Warsaw Uprising.

## Biography

Scheur-Sawicka was born in Gucin, Ostrołęka County [pl] in a family of Polish landed gentry. Her father, Jan Scheur, was a French émigré from Alsace; her mother was Maria née Włodarkiewicz. She studied with private tutors and in small courses organized for women in Kraków and Warsaw. She quickly became engaged in educational activism, teaching street children. From 1915 she was married to archaeologist Ludwik Sawicki [pl]. They had no children.
By the end of World War I, in 1916, after failing to return from Minsk to Warsaw, she and her husband found jobs in Polish-expat organizations in Moscow and later engaged in archaeological expeditions in the Far East, (including Harbin in 1916–1918). After returning to newly independent Poland in 1918, she was active in organizations providing education to adults and accompanied her husband in his archaeological research, taking several courses in archaeology offered by the Warsaw Scientific Society. From the early 1920s she worked as a conservator-restorer for the Polish government and published several scientific articles. From 1922 to 1927 she was also a secretary of the Polish Prehistorical Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Prehistoryczne).
In the late 1920s her focus shifted from archaeology to education. She was involved in a number of organizations and institutions focused on adult education, such as the Institute for the Education of Adults (Instytut Oświaty Dorosłych) and the 3rd Center of the Education for the Adults (III Ognisko Oświaty Dorosłych).
In the 1930s she became involved with the work of the Communist Party of Poland. Following the German invasion of Poland, she became active in the non-violent Polish resistance efforts, such as the underground education and rescue of Jews (from the Warsaw Ghetto). She has been described by Adolf Berman as a prominent member of Żegota. In 1942, she joined the newly founded Polish Workers' Party, where she was a high-ranking official in the Żoliborz and Mokotów districts and active in providing supplies to the partisans of Armia Ludowa.
She died in the first days of the Warsaw Uprising, killed by stray German gunfire; her date of death is given as either August 1 or August 4.
# Irena Scott

Irena McCammon Scott (born 1942) is an American author and physiologist. She received a BS from Ohio State University, an MS from the University of Nevada, and a PhD from the University of Missouri in the Department of Veterinary Medicine. Her post-doctoral studies were done at Cornell University.
She has been employed as an Assistant Professor (Department of Biology) at St. Bonaventure University, and has done research and teaching at the Ohio State University, the University of Missouri, the University of Nevada, and at Battelle Memorial Institute. She worked in related fields and for many years studied many species including bonobos and their behaviour. She was a correspondent for Popular Mechanics magazine. Scott has also worked as a volunteer astronomer at the Ohio State University Radio Observatory, as well as participated in UFO investigations for Defense Intelligence Agency and Center for UFO Studies. She is the author of six books, including on UFOs, and has contributed chapters and articles to several scientific journals, magazines, and newspapers. Her listings include Who's Who in the World, World Who's Who of Women, Who's Who in the Midwest, Dictionary of International Biography, and Who's Who in Frontier Science and Technology.
Her 2008 book, Uncle: My Journey with John Purdue, is a biography of John Purdue, founder of Purdue University and of the Purdue Block in Lafayette, Indiana. The foreword is by William Allen, author of Starkweather: Inside the Mind of a Teenage Killer, Aransas: The Life of a Texas Coastal County. The book is the first of the Founders Series, published by the Purdue University Press.
# Chiedza Mhende

Charlene Chiedza 'Chi' Kudzai Mhende (born 19 October 1991), is a Zimbabwean actress, director and voice over artist. She is best known for shocking audiences with her convincing male portrayal of 'Wandile Radebe' on the South African soap opera Generations.

## Personal life

Mhende was born on 19 October 1991 in Harare, Zimbabwe.

## Career

In 2015, she joined the South African soap opera Generations where she played the role 'Wandile Radebe', a male role. The show became a hit and continued to 4 seasons including 1000 episodes.
In 2006, Mhende moved to Cape Town to study at The School for the Creative Economy. She started theater acting with the role 'Lady Capulet' in an Artscape production Romeo and Juliet. With the brilliant performance in it, she was selected for many theater plays such as K. Sello Duiker's The Quiet Violence of Dreams, JM Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Taming of the Shrew, The Comedy of Errors, and Richard III. She made the appearance in Generations:The Legacy where she played a male role. In 2008 she won the award for the Best Actress at AFDA awards.
She later worked with organisations such as the 'Bonfire Improv Theatre Company' and the 'Zakheni Arts Therapy Foundation' and contribute to the drama in South Africa. She is also renowned as the voice of 'Siyaya' and Al Jazeera's global health series 'Lifelines'. In 2014, Mhende made her maiden cinema appearance with the film Love the One You Love. The film had its premier at the 2014 Durban International Film Festival where she has played the role 'Sandile' where she became the Best Actress. In 2015, she was nominated for Promising Young Artist award at Africa Movie Academy Awards.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre |
| 2015 | Generations | Wandile Radebe | TV series |
| 2010 | The Tunnel | Monica | Short film |
| 2014 | Love the One You Love | Terri | Film |
| 2014 | Bridging Waters | Narrator | TV Mini–Series documentary |
| 2014 | Homeland | Aide | TV series |
| 2014 | Scribblings | Viva | Short film |
| 2015 | Siyaya: Come Wild with Us | Narrator | TV series documentary |
| 2015 | Lazy Susan | Susan | Short film |
| 2015 | Jamillah and Aladdin | Physician | TV series |
| 2016 | Detour | Hospital Receptionist | TV series |
| 2020 | Queen Sono | Miri Dube | TV series |
# Chief's Beads

The Chief's bead, named "ti-a, co-mo-shack" by North American Natives, are blue glass trade beads used during the late 18th century and early 19th century up and down the West coast of North America and the Columbia River Basin. The Chief's beads were sought by Native American tribes in preference over beads of other colors because they were blue. An indication of the importance of the blue Chief's bead was that after the Lewis and Clark Expedition returned from their 1803–1806 expedition of discovery to find a route from Missouri to the Pacific Ocean, the leader Captain Meriwether Lewis stated that if he were to return, he would make the blue bead half to two-thirds of his trading goods.
The Chief's bead was about the size of a currant or large pea and seldom perfectly round. They were normally 2 or 3 carats in size. The beads were measured at 50 to 70 against the weight of the English Soho Mint penny, close to the modern ounce and were traded by the fathom or by the yard.

## Types of manufacturing

There were three types of Chief's beads manufactured: reed-wound beads from China, furnace-wound beads from Bavaria, and wire-wound beads from numerous other locations.

### Reed wound beads

These beads were a cottage industry in China. Reeds would be soaked in a clay slurry. Two individuals would rotate the reed and another person would trail the hot glass over the reed. The hot beads and reed would be laid in a clay bed to cool. When cool, they would be stripped from the reeds. This method of manufacture was used as far back as the eighth century CE until the late 1930s.

### Furnace wound beads

These beads were manufactured primarily in Bavaria. An iron rod, covered with a kaolin clay bead release, was dipped into the molten glass. The workmen would then separate small quantities of glass and form them into beads, which they slid down the length of the rod. The bead would be slid off into a warmer to anneal and cool. This type of work possibly started as early as the eighth century CE. and was still being done in 1969.

### Wire wound or out of furnace wound beads

This is the original, and by far the oldest method of winding a bead on a mandrel. The mandrel can be used to dip a small amount of melted glass from the melted source and then rolled into a bead. An alternate method is to use two rods, one to dip the glass from the melt, and allow the trail to be wound around the other rod. The rods develop iron oxide from the fire, which gives them a natural release agent for the beads. This often gives the wire wound beads, a dark brown core. This type of manufacture is still occurring.
* Reed-wound beads.
* Example of a furnace wound bead.
* Example of a wire-wound bead.