OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iseut de Capio

Iseut de Capio (born c. 1140) was a noblewoman and trobairitz from Gévaudan. She was a neighbour and contemporary of the trobairitz Almucs de Castelnau, with whom she shared the composition of a tenso. It is her only surviving piece of work.
Iseut's origins are a matter of conjecture. What can be said with certainty is that she was from the castrum [castle] de Capione, medieval Occitan Capio or Capion, identified with either modern Chapieu or Chapelins. The castle stood atop the Mont Mimat above the river Mende. She may have belonged to the family of the lords of Tournel, one of the eight baronies of Gévaudan, and the one in which Chapieu lay. Tournel belonged to the Diocese of Mende and only on the death of Bishop Aldebert (III) de Tournel in 1187 did it return to the family of Chapieu. Since the family adopted the exclusive use of the Tournel surname around 1250, Iseut's floruit is sometimes placed between those dates.
There is a long razo (explanatory gloss) preceding the exchange of stanzas (coblas) between Iseut and Almucs. It tells how Iseut begged Almucs to pardon Gigo (Gui), lord of Tournon (Tornon) in the Vivarais. Gigo was Iseut's knight, but had committed "a great fault" against Almucs. Since he neither repented nor sought forgiveness, Almucs responded to Iseut's request in a cobla of her own. This exchange has been dated to around 1190.
# King Huiwen

King Huiwen may refer to:
* King Huiwen of Qin (reigned 338–311 BC)
* King Huiwen of Zhao (reigned 298-266 BC)
# Religion in Lesotho

Religion in Lesotho (Afrobarometer 2020)
Christianity is the dominant religion in Lesotho, with Protestantism and Catholicism being its main denominations.
The 2022 United States Department of State report found Protestants slightly outnumbered Catholics. Non-Christian religions represent only 1.5% of the population, and those of no religion 3.5%. The non-Christian people primarily subscribe to traditional African religions, with small groups of Muslims, Hindus and Baha'is.

## Christianity

In 2020, Catholics accounted for 45 percent of the population while Protestants represented 31 percent and other Christians an additional 18 percent. The Catholic population is served by the province of the Metropolitan Archbishop of Maseru and his three suffragans (the bishops of Leribe, Mohale's Hoek and Qacha's Nek), who also form the national episcopal conference.
Christianity arrived in Lesotho from French missions at the invitation of King Moshoeshoe I in the 1830s. While King Moshoeshoe I invited Christian missionaries, he retained his traditional religion and divorced two of his wives who had converted to Christianity. Initial reports of French evangelist missionaries alleged cannibalism as a part of Lesotho traditional religion. Later missionaries such as Henry Callaway, as well as anthropologists, consider those initial reports as unreliable and mythical, rather than a historical or true representation of the traditional religion of the Lesotho people.
The first Catholic mission started in 1863. It was called Motse-oa-'M'a-Jesu and led by Bishop Allard. He invited Holy Family Sisters from France to work with Sotho women. The initial efforts aimed at gaining converts as well as ending the practice of polygyny where old men paid a bride price to marry young girls. The later efforts attracted resistance from the traditional families. According to Allard's memoirs, Sotho women converted to Catholicism in larger numbers earlier than Sotho men.
The two Christian denominations have historic links to two major political parties in Lesotho. The Catholic Church has supported the Basotho National Party, while the Evangelicals have been aligned with the Basotho Congress Party. The nuncio accredited to South Africa represents the Holy See to the Lesotho government.

## Traditional religion

The traditional Sotho religion is traceable with archaeological evidence to around the 10th century. They share themes with the Tswana traditional religion. The Chief of a Sotho community was also their spiritual leader. Ancestor spirits called Badimo worship practices were a significant part of the Sotho community, along with rituals such as rainmaking dance. The Sotho had developed the concept of Modimo, the Supreme Being. The Modimo, in Sotho theology, created lesser deities with powers to interact with human beings.

## Religious rights

The Lesotho constitution protects the freedom of religion.
In 2023, the country was scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.
# Cane cholla

Cane cholla is a common name for several cacti and may refer to:
* Cylindropuntia californica
* Cylindropuntia imbricata, native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico
* Cylindropuntia spinosior
# Wollumbin National Park

Wollumbin National Park (previously known as 'Mount Warning National Park') is a national park located in northern New South Wales, Australia, 642 kilometres (399 mi) north of Sydney near the border with the state of Queensland. It surrounds Mount Warning, part of a remnant caldera of a much larger extinct volcano (the Tweed volcano). The park is administered by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. The park is part of the Scenic Rim Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in the conservation of several species of threatened birds. In addition to numerous bird species, carpet python, land mullet, eastern small-eyed snake, lace monitor, black-bellied marsh snake and long-nosed potoroo can be found here.
Wollumbin rises to 1157 metres above sea level.

## History

The park incorporates lands of traditional significance to the local Bundjalung people. The local Aboriginal name for the mountain is "Wollumbin"; meaning, "cloud-catcher", or alternatively "fighting chief of the mountains". The mountain's English name was bestowed on it by Lieutenant James Cook in May 1770, as his expedition in command of the Endeavour passed it by on their route northwards along the eastern coastline of Australia. The designation "Mount Warning" was meant to indicate the danger of the offshore reefs they encountered. The park was reserved for public recreation in 1928 and dedicated as a national park in 1966. The Park is part of the Shield Volcano Group of the World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1986 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.
# Karsznice

Karsznice may refer to the following places:
* Karsznice, Łęczyca County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Karsznice, Zduńska Wola County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Karsznice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
# Court of general sessions

A court of general sessions was a type of court originally established as a colonial court of quarter sessions in the British North American colonies. Some of these courts continued in some form after Canada and the United States became independent countries.
These courts initially had general jurisdiction over both civil and criminal matters.

## New York

In New York, the Court of Quarter Sessions was established on October 17, 1683, by the first Assembly in New York. It had jurisdiction over both civil and criminal matters until 1691, when it was restricted to felony crimes not punishable by death or life imprisonment. The court was abolished in all counties of New York except New York County (now Manhattan) by the New York Constitution of 1846. In New York County, the Court of General Sessions continued until 1962 when its scope devolved to the New York Supreme Court (a trial-level court of general jurisdiction not to be confused with the highest court of the New York system, which is called the New York Court of Appeals). At the time when it was abolished, the Court of General Sessions of New York County was the oldest criminal court in the United States.

## Pennsylvania

In Pennsylvania, the courts of general sessions in continued until the constitution of that Commonwealth was rewritten in 1968 and the courts' jurisdiction was placed under the pre-existing Courts of Common Pleas in each county.

## South Carolina

The Court of General Sessions in South Carolina originally served the entire colony and met in Charles Town. It had the same justices as the Court of Common Pleas, and it dealt with criminal cases. Some records of the court date from 1671. An act in 1785 established courts in every county. The current South Carolina Circuit Court has two divisions – the civil division, called the Court of Common Pleas, and the criminal division, called the Court of General Sessions.

## Washington, D.C.

The District of Columbia has a court called the Court of General Sessions. It is part of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. However, it dates only as far back as 1963, when Congress converted the Municipal Court to the Court of General Sessions. It was combined with other courts into the Superior Court in 1970.
# Rhamnus orbiculata

Rhamnus orbiculata is a species of plant in the buckthorn family. It has simple leaves, and is mostly found in Europe and the Middle East. It was first described by Joseph Friedrich Nicolaus Bornmüller in 1887.
# Castanopsis oligoneura

Castanopsis oligoneura is a tree in the family Fagaceae. The specific epithet oligoneura is from the Greek meaning 'few nerves', referring to the leaf venation.

## Description

Castanopsis oligoneura grows as a tree up to 25 metres (80 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 45 cm (18 in). The brownish bark is smooth to lenticellate. The coriaceous leaves measure up to 15 cm (6 in) long. Its roundish nuts measure up to 2.5 cm (1.0 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Castanopsis oligoneura is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is lowland dipterocarp forests up to 300 m (1,000 ft) elevation.
# Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities

The Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities (CICRA) was the name given to the combined Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority and the Guernsey Competition and Regulatory Authority, which operate in the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey in the Channel Islands. CICRA existed from 2010 to 2020: the authorities for Guernsey and Jersey now function independently.

## History

Formed in December 2010, CICRA was responsible for administering and enforcing the Competition (Jersey) Law 2005 and The Competition (Guernsey) Ordinance 2012. The purpose of the legislation is to prevent consumers being harmed by anti-competitive or exploitative behaviour in the market.
The decision to form a joint body was taken because of the similarity of needs and the reduction in duplication through economies of scale. Resources available to CICRA were limited.
The joint body was disbanded in July 2020.

## Areas of responsibility

The areas of responsibility were:
* Competition law
** Some areas of work are discretionary, others such as a duty to investigate mergers and acquisitions are statutory
* Telecommunications
** Regulator
* Postal sectors
** Regulator looking at quality and universal service obligations
* Electricity – Guernsey 2012
** Regulator
* Ports – Jersey 2015
** Economic regulatory authority, to protect and further the interests of users of port operations and where appropriate promote competition

## Board

CICRA's board comprised a chairman, three executive directors and three non-executive directors. There were fewer than ten staff spread between two offices in the two islands.

## Areas of contention

An investigation by CICRA into possible market abuse by a States of Guernsey contract in 2016 was blocked as the States refused to supply CICRA with the necessary funding. The investigation was dropped in January 2017.
The ownership of regulated companies by the governments, such as Jersey Post and Guernsey Electricity, could produce conflicts.
# Ravna planina

Ravna planina (Serbian Cyrillic: Равна планина) is a mountain in central Serbia, near the town of Vrnjačka Banja. Its highest peak Crni vrh has an elevation of 1,542 meters above sea level.
# Inverse square potential

In quantum mechanics, the inverse square potential is a form of a central force potential which has the unusual property of the eigenstates of the corresponding Hamiltonian operator remaining eigenstates in a scaling of all cartesian coordinates by the same constant. Apart from this curious feature, it's by far less important central force problem than that of the Keplerian inverse square force system.

## Description

The potential energy function of an inverse square potential is
$V(r)=-{\frac {C}{r^{2}}}$,
where $C$ is some constant and $r$ is the Euclidean distance from some central point. If $C$ is positive, the potential is attractive and if $C$ is negative, the potential is repulsive. The corresponding Hamiltonian operator ${\hat {H}}({\hat {\mathbf {p} }},{\hat {r}})$ is
${\hat {H}}={\frac {{\hat {\mathbf {p} }}^{2}}{2m}}-{\frac {C}{{\hat {r}}^{2}}}$,
where $m$ is the mass of the particle moving in the potential.

## Properties

The canonical commutation relation of quantum mechanics, $[{\hat {x}}_{i},{\hat {p}}_{i}]=i\hbar$, has the property of being invariant in a scaling
${\hat {p}}_{i}'={\hat {p}}_{i}/\lambda$, and ${\hat {x}}_{i}'=\lambda {\hat {x}}_{i}$,
where $\lambda$ is some scaling factor. The momentum $\mathbf {p}$ and the position $\mathbf {x}$ are vectors, while the components $p_{i}$,$x_{i}$ and the radius $r$ are scalars. In an inverse square potential system, if a wavefunction $\psi (r)$ is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian operator ${\hat {H}}({\hat {\mathbf {p} }},{\hat {\mathbf {x} }})$, it is also an eigenfunction of the operator ${\hat {H}}({\hat {\mathbf {p} }}',{\hat {\mathbf {x} }}')$, where the scaled operators ${\hat {p}}_{i}'$ and ${\hat {x}}_{i}'$ are defined as above.
This also means that if a radially symmetric wave function $\psi (r)$ is an eigenfunction of ${\hat {H}}$ with eigenvalue $E$, then also $\psi (\lambda r)$ is an eigenfunction, with eigenvalue $\lambda ^{2}E$. Therefore, the energy spectrum of the system is a continuum of values.
The system with a particle in an inverse square potential with positive $C$ (attractive potential) is an example of so-called falling-to-center problem, where there is no lowest energy wavefunction and there are eigenfunctions where the particle is arbitrarily localized in the vicinity of the central point $r=0$.
# À la carte

In restaurants, à la carte (/ɑːləˈkɑːrt/; French:; lit. 'at the card') is the practice of ordering individual dishes from a menu in a restaurant, as opposed to table d'hôte, where a set menu is offered. It is an early 19th century loan from French meaning "according to the menu".
The individual dishes to be ordered may include side dishes, or the side dishes may be offered separately, in which case, they are also considered à la carte.

## History

The earliest examples of à la carte are from 1816 for the adjectival use ("à la carte meal", for example) and from 1821 for the adverbial use ("meals were served à la carte"). These pre-date the use of the word menu, which came into English in the 1830s.
# Canton of Belley

The canton of Belley is one of the cantons of France and is located in the department of Ain and in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

## Geography

This canton is organized around Belley in the Arrondissement of Belley. Its altitude is between 203 meters in (Brégnier-Cordon) and 1,020 meters in (Conzieu) with an average of 286 m.

## Composition

At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 24 to 37 communes (6 of which merged into the new communes Arboys-en-Bugey, Parves-et-Nattages and Chazey-Bons):
* Ambléon
* Andert-et-Condon
* Arboys-en-Bugey
* Belley
* Brégnier-Cordon
* Brens
* La Burbanche
* Ceyzérieu
* Chazey-Bons
* Cheignieu-la-Balme
* Colomieu
* Contrevoz
* Conzieu
* Cressin-Rochefort
* Cuzieu
* Flaxieu
* Groslée-Saint-Benoît
* Izieu
* Lavours
* Magnieu
* Marignieu
* Massignieu-de-Rives
* Murs-et-Gélignieux
* Parves-et-Nattages
* Peyrieu
* Pollieu
* Prémeyzel
* Rossillon
* Saint-Germain-les-Paroisses
* Saint-Martin-de-Bavel
* Virieu-le-Grand
* Virignin
* Vongnes
# Wolf's Lair (book)

Wolf's Lair is a 2017 Indian military geopolitical thriller written by Mayank Singh. The book was distributed among all the 3000 military libraries across the country after passing the Indian Army review process. The novel is set in the backdrop of the hybrid war going on India; "indoctrination of gullible youngsters, the Pakistani Deep State and how it bleeds India with a thousand cuts and counter-terrorism operations" are some the elements that make up the fictional story based on reality.
# 2005 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship

The 2005 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 22nd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship. The championship began on 15 May 2005 and ended on 3 September 2005.
Cork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the All-Ireland semi-final. Wexford won the title after defeating Galway by 1–15 to 0–16 in the final.

## Team summaries

| Team | Colours | Most recent success | Most recent success |
| Team | Colours | All-Ireland | Provincial |
| Clare | Saffron and blue | | |
| Cork | Red and white | 2004 | 2004 |
| Dublin | Blue and navy | | 1972 |
| Galway | Maroon and white | 2002 | 1998 |
| Kilkenny | Black and amber | 1973 | 2004 |
| Limerick | Green and white | 1998 | 1998 |
| Tipperary | Blue and gold | 2000 | 2002 |
| Waterford | White and blue | | |
| Wexford | Purple and gold | 2002 | 1964 |

## Championship statistics
### Top scorers
#### Top scorers overall

| Rank | Player | County | Tally | Total | Matches | Average |
| 1 | Maurice O'Sullivan | Cork | 0-25 | 25 | 3 | 8.33 |
| 2 | Kenneth Burke | Galway | 0-17 | 17 | 2 | 8.50 |
| 3 | Pat Lawlor | Tipperary | 0-16 | 16 | 3 | 5.33 |
| 4 | Mark Keane | Limerick | 1-08 | 11 | 1 | 11.00 |
| 4 | Stephen Doyle | Wexford | 0-11 | 11 | 2 | 5.50 |

#### In a single game

| Rank | Player | County | Tally | Total | Opposition |
| 1 | Mark Keane | Limerick | 1-08 | 11 | Tipperary |
| 2 | Maurice O'Sullivan | Cork | 0-10 | 10 | Tipperary |
| 3 | Pat Lawlor | Tipperary | 0-09 | 9 | Limerick |
| 3 | Kenneth Burke | Galway | 0-09 | 9 | Wexford |
| 5 | Maurice O'Sullivan | Cork | 0-08 | 8 | Waterford |
| 5 | Kenneth Burke | Galway | 0-08 | 8 | Cork |
| 7 | Maurice O'Sullivan | Cork | 0-07 | 7 | Wexford |
| 7 | Stephen Doyle | Wexford | 0-07 | 7 | Galway |
| 9 | John Wall | Waterford | 0-06 | 6 | Cork |
| 10 | Stephen Dineen | Cork | 1-02 | 5 | Tipperary |
| 10 | Stephen Nolan | Wexford | 0-05 | 5 | Kilenny |
# Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia

Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia, synonym Rhamnus pirifolia, is a subspecies of tree and shrub in the buckthorn family known by the common name island redberry. It is an island endemic which is known only from the Channel Islands of California and Guadalupe Island off Baja California. Its habitat consists of coastal sage scrub and chaparral.

## Description

Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia is a spreading shrublike tree which approaches 10 meters-30 feet in maximum height. It has gray bark on its branches and the young twigs are purple in color. The thick evergreen leaves are oval in shape with pointed or nearly rounded tips, measuring 2 to 4 centimeters long. The edges are smooth or toothed and curve under, making the leaves concave. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or umbel of up to six flowers. The flower has four pointed sepals and no petals. The fruit is a drupe which ripens to bright red. It is just under a centimeter wide and contains two seeds.
# Castanopsis lucida

Castanopsis lucida is a tree in the family Fagaceae. The specific epithet lucida is from the Latin meaning 'shining', referring to the leaf surface.

## Description

Castanopsis lucida grows as a tree up to 20 metres (70 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 40 cm (16 in). The brown bark is glabrescent, lenticellate, fissured or occasionally smooth. The coriaceous leaves measure up to 21 cm (8 in) long. Its ovoid nuts measure up to 2 cm (0.8 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Castanopsis lucida grows naturally in Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Its habitat is hill dipterocarp forests up to 500 m (1,600 ft) elevation.

## Uses

The bark produces tannin. The nuts are considered edible.
# John Leigh (ambassador)

John Ernst Leigh was an ambassador for Sierra Leone to the United States who served during the Sierra Leone Civil War. Leigh was also a presidential candidate for the Sierra Leone People's Party during the 2007 presidential elections in Sierra Leone.

## Family background

John Leigh grew up in Cline Town, Sierra Leone, and alongside his other brother Frederick, attended Albert Academy in Freetown. John Leigh was the son of a Sierra Leonean father of Creole descent and a Mende Sierra Leonean mother. John Leigh's father, Evelyn Leslie Foy Leigh was a civil servant and his family descended from the original Nova Scotian Settlers.
# Ravna Vala

Ravna Vala is a primeval forest located on the mountains Igman and Bjelašnica in Bosnia and Herzegovina, about 20 km south-west of Sarajevo.
First time it was described in 1978.

## Biology

Ravna Vala is located at an altitude of 1280 to 1450 meters on an area of 45 ha. The geological base is limestone-dolomite on which very heterogeneous soils have been developed. The main forest species are fir and beech, but spruce, maple and other deciduous trees occur in the admixture.
In addition to other wild animals, there is also a brown bear, which is the largest wild animal in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# British Library Coptic Language Collection

The British Library Coptic Language Collection is a collection of about 1600 manuscripts in the Coptic language dating from 350 to 2000 AD. The collection was one of the first to reach Europe, and the texts are written on papyrus, leather, vellum and paper. The British Library also holds a collection of about 1500 printed books and serials in Coptic.