OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cud (disambiguation)

Cud is the portion of food regurgitated by a ruminant.
Cud or CUD may also refer to:
* Cámara Uruguaya de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas, a Uruguayan non-profit organization
* Cannabis use disorder
* Coalition for Unity and Democracy, an Ethiopian political party
* Connected Urban Development, a private/public partnership, initiated in 2006
* Cud (band), an indie rock band formed in Leeds, England in 1987
* Cud, a lump of metal on a coin caused by a die defect
* Cursor Down (ANSI), an ANSI X3.64 escape sequence
* Primary carnitine deficiency, an inability to utilize fat for energy
* Caloundra Airport, IATA airport code "CUD"
# Elaine Murphy

Elaine Murphy may refer to:
* Elaine Murphy, Baroness Murphy (born 1947), British politician and member of the House of Lords
* Elaine Murphy (playwright), Irish playwright
# Einar Meidell Hopp

Einar Meidell Hopp (1 December 1899 – 18 May 1956) was a Norwegian broadcasting personality.
He was born in Bergen, a son of Kristian Hopp and Anna Christine Meidell. He was the brother of Egil Meidell Hopp. He married Zinken Hopp in 1932. He managed the broadcasting in Bergen over a period of thirty years, interrupted by World War II, when he served in the Norwegian Armed Forces in exile.
# Treaty of Kraków

The Treaty of Kraków was signed on 8 April 1525 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. It officially ended the Polish–Teutonic War (1519-1521)
The treaty gave Grand Master Albert of Hohenzollern / Duke of Prussia (1490-1568, reigned 1525-1568), of the Royal dynasty of the House of Hohenzollern enough autonomy to resign as grand master and secede from the Order to become Duke of the new Duchy of Prussia created by secularization of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. This was sealed by the Prussian Homage of 10 April. 1525
# Treaty of Kremmen

The Treaty of Kremmen was signed on 20 June 1236 by Duke Wartislaw III of Pomerania, recognizing the seigniory of the Brandenburg margraves over his Duchy of Pomerania-Demmin, and ceding the terrae Stargard, Wustrow and Beseritz to Brandenburg.

## Background

After the Danish defeat at the 1227 Battle of Bornhöved, the Griffin dukes of Pomerania had lost their allies against the rising power of their Brandenburg neighbours in the south. In 1231 Emperor Frederick II had confirmed the seigniory of the Ascanian margraves John I and Otto III of Brandenburg. At the same time the Mecklenburg dukes campaigned the Circipane lands in the west, while the eastern territory of Schlawe-Stolp was occupied by Duke Swietopelk II of Pomerelia.
To ease the tensions with Brandenburg, Duke Wartislaw entered into the Kremmen agreement. He also stipulated the escheat (reversion) of his Pomeranian lands, would he die without heirs.
# Elainabella

Elainabella is a 560 million-year-old fossil of the first multicellular alga. It was discovered in 2014 in Nevada by Steve Rowland and Margarita Rodriguez, a paleontologist and alumna duo from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. The specific species name for the Elainabella fossil found is E. deepspringensis. Elainabella is named after Elaine Hatch Sawyer, Rodriguez's mentor, and deepspringensis is named after the Deep Spring Formation, that being the rock layer where the fossils were found. The fossil is from the Ediacaran Period and was found near Gold Point, Esmeralda County, Nevada in the Deep Spring Lagerstatte. The Elainabella holotype is housed in the Nevada State Museum, Las Vegas.
Soft tissue is normally not preserved in fossils. However, Elainabella shows cellular structure. The fossil is quite small, only one millimeter wide and has subsidiary, thinner branches. It was interpreted as being the thallus of a multicellular alga. It does not have any shell; its preservation represents a case of soft-bodied preservation. Rowland believes that, when alive, Elainabella would have lived as part of a microbial reef community. These reefs occurred on the West Coast of North America, which was near the equator at the time.
Elainebella does not comfortably fit into any known Ediacaran or metazoan taxon. While it is similar to some green algae, like in having similar segmented branches, the discoverers did not place Elainabella with them because of differences such as in size. The cellular structure of Elainabella is unlike that of any siphonous taxon.
# Transposition (birth defect)

Transposition is a group of congenital defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of tissue or organ.

## Examples

* Transposition of the great vessels, cardiac transposition, a congenital heart defect with malformation of any of the major vessels
* Transposition of teeth
* Penoscrotal transposition
# Crystal Fairy (album)

Crystal Fairy is the eponymous debut album by the rock supergroup Crystal Fairy, released on February 24, 2017 via Ipecac Recordings.

## Recording

The album was reportedly written and recorded in a week, with a fluid and spontaneous process. Osborne and Crover would be in one room working on riffs. Rodríguez-López would be in another working on bass lines, and Suárez would be in another, creating lyrics for demos that had just been tracked. She abandoned her usual, deliberate writing technique in favour of improvisation: "the songs wrote and interpreted themselves."

## Lyrics and themes

Drugs are a recurring theme on the record.
The title track (and the name of the band itself) is a likely reference to the 2013 Chilean film Crystal Fairy & the Magical Cactus.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 80/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Consequence of Sound | B |
Crystal Fairy received generally favorable reviews.
AllMusic's James Christopher Monger praised the album as "impressive stuff, and that it feels like the work of a much more seasoned crew of bandmates suggests that they had as much fun making it as the listener will have devouring it".
Consequence of Sound's Meghan Roos summarized it as "a heavy, artsy, and dramatic record that offers more with each listen".

## Track listing

All music and lyrics written by Crystal Fairy, except where noted.

## Personnel

Crystal Fairy
* Teri Gender Bender – lead vocals, guitar, keyboards
* Buzz Osborne – guitar, vocals
* Dale Crover – drums, guitar
* Omar Rodríguez-López – bass, guitar
Technical
* Chris Common – recording, mixing, mastering
* Toshi Kasai – recording
* Mackie Osborne – artwork design
# Cuy-Saint-Fiacre

Cuy-Saint-Fiacre (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in north-western France.

## Geography

A farming village situated by the banks of the river Epte in the Pays de Bray, some 40 miles (64 km) east of Dieppe, at the junction of the D57, D916 and the D16 roads.

## Places of interest

* The war memorial, designed by François Pompon.
* The church of St. Martin, dating from the twelfth century.
* Remains of a monastery and chateau, both now parts of farms.
* A sixteenth-century stone cross.
# Cucunatí

Cucunatí is a corregimiento in Chepigana District, Darién Province, Panama with a population of 1,346 as of 2010. It was created by Law 58 of July 29, 1998, owing to the Declaration of Unconstitutionality of Law 1 of 1982. Its population as of 2000 was 1,105.
# Tri-State Hockey League

The Tri-State Hockey League was a minor professional ice hockey league that operated in the Northeastern United States in the 1932-33 season. The Atlantic City Seagulls won the championship in the leagues lone season. The other participants were the Baltimore Orioles, Hershey B'ars, and the Philadelphia Comets.
The league was replaced by the Eastern Amateur Hockey League on December 5, 1933.
# Tri-State Highway

The Tri-State Highway was the designation for an 18 mile expressway in the Chicago metropolitan area. The original designations for the expressway were Interstate 80, 90, and 294, as well as a portion of U.S. Route 6. It connects the Tri-State Tollway, Bishop Ford Freeway, and Illinois Route 394 in the west to the Indiana Toll Road in the east.
In 1953, the Tri-State Highway was renamed. The road that was once part of the Tri-State Highway is now:
* The Kingery Expressway in Illinois
* The Borman Expressway in Indiana
# Triatoma rubrovaria

Triatoma rubrovaria is a species of triatomine that is ubiquitous to Uruguay, neighboring parts of northeastern Argentina, and in the southern states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It was earlier reported as T. (triatoma) rubrovaria, a sylvatic species believed to be a highly competent vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.

## Habitat

They are commonly found among piles of exfoliate rocks known as pedregales and in various peridomestic environments. Though it is generally rare, the occurrence of domiciliary and peridomiciliary invasion of T. rubrovaria has become increasingly prevalent in Rio Grande do Sul, where it has become the most frequently captured triatomine species since the control of T. infestans.
# Cuquenan Falls

Kukenan Falls (or Salto Kukenan, Kukenaam, Cuquenan or similar) is the second tallest major waterfall in Venezuela after Angel Falls. It is also the second tallest free-leaping waterfall in the world. Overall, it is usually cited as the 11th highest waterfall in the world. The falls drop in a single leap of around 2,211 feet (674 m) and the final portion of the falls trickles down towards the base of the Kukenan Tepui.
The Kukenan Tepui is located near Mount Roraima, which serves as the geographical marker of the border between Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana. Mount Roraima also hosts its own waterfall, usually referred to as Roraima Falls, which leaps off the tepui in four tiered leaps. The height is estimated at approximately 2,000 feet (610 m).
# Triangle fire

Triangle fire may refer to:
* Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, a major fire in Manhattan, New York in 1911.
* Freeway Complex Fire, a major wildfire that spread through Orange County in California in 2008.
# Elachista ensifera

Elachista ensifera is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is endemic to Australia.
# Cychrus riwaensis

Cychrus riwaensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Deuve in 2006.
# Cupid (singer)

Bryson Bernard (born October 10, 1982), better known by his stage name Cupid, is an American singer and songwriter from Lafayette, Louisiana. He is best known for the 2007 line dance single "Cupid Shuffle", which peaked at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## History

Bernard started singing in his church's choir, encouraged by his pastor father. He initially enrolled at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette with a full athletic scholarship in track and field. He left the track team to form a singing group known as Fasho, which later changed its name to Fifth Element. After Fifth Element was dissolved, Bernard pursued a solo career. He sang at venues such as talent shows, weddings and funerals. With a five-octave vocal range, Bernard earned the nickname "Cupid" for an impressive performance of the late-'90s 112 hit single "Cupid".

## Music career

The singer first received radio airplay in 2001 with his self-released first single, "Do Ya Thang". His second self-released album, 2005's The King of Down South R&B, gained airplay throughout the region, from Florida to Texas. In January 2007, shortly before the release of his third album, Time For a Change, he was signed to Atlantic Records. His first single from that album, "Cupid Shuffle", peaked at No. 66 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 21 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Since then, the song has gone double platinum and gets roughly 6,500 new downloads each week. His other singles include "Say Yes", "Happy Dance", "The Love Slide" and "Do My Ladies Run This Party".
In 2008, Cupid broke the Guinness World Record for the largest line dance assembled with over 17,000 people in Atlanta at Ebony's Black Family Reunion Tour.
In addition, Cupid's music can be heard in the films Step Up 2: The Streets, P.S. I Love You, Nancy Drew, and Jumping the Broom.
In 2012, he auditioned for the third season of the American music competition The Voice singing for his blind audition his own hit "Cupid Shuffle" in a varied version. None of the four judges Adam Levine, Cee Lo Green, Christina Aguilera or Blake Shelton pressed their "I Want You" button, thus eliminating him from further competition. But Cee Lo Green recognized Cupid after he finished the song and asked him to perform another tune to prove that "he can sing". After recognizing his true musical talent, the judges said that he should have tried a different song to help present his voice better.

## Discography
### Albums

* Cupid (2002)
* The King of Down South R&B (2005)
* Time for a Change (2007)
* Feel Good Music (2012)

### Singles

* "Do Ya Thing" (2001)
* "Do Yo Dance" (2007)
* "Say Yes" (2007)
* "Cupid Shuffle" (2007)
* "Happy Dance" (2008)
* "Love Slide" (2008)
* "Do My Ladies Run This Party" (2010)

### Album appearances

* "All I Need" – Nancy Drew soundtrack
* "369" (featuring B.o.B) – Step Up 2: The Streets (soundtrack)

## Filmography

* The Voice (2012)
# Cuyuna

Cuyuna may refer to:
* AMW Cuyuna Engine Company
* Cuyuna Country State Recreation Area
* Cuyuna 430 - engine
* Cuyuna Iron Range Municipally-Owned Elevated Metal Water Tanks
* Cuyuna, Minnesota
* Cuyuna Range
* Cuyuna Scout Camp
# Cyathea howeana

Cyathea howeana is a fern in the family Cyatheaceae. The specific epithet refers to Lord Howe Island, the locality in Australia to which it is endemic.

## Description

The plant is a treefern with a trunk up to 3 m in height.

## Distribution and habitat

The fern is endemic to Australia's subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. It is common on the slopes and summits of Mounts Gower and Lidgbird.
# The Enclave (disambiguation)

The Enclave may refer to:
* enclaves
* The Enclave: a 2002 made-for-TV movie about the fall of Srebrenica and the Dutch government's failure to protect the town from attackers.
* The Enclave, a now-defunct American record label.
* A group of enemies in the Fallout video game series. Introduced in Fallout 2
* an award-winning short story by Anne Charnock
# Scream & Light Up the Sky

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Okayplayer | |
Scream and Light Up the Sky is the second and final studio album from indie rock band The Honorary Title. It was released in association with Doghouse Records and Reprise Records on August 28, 2007. The album was produced by Rob Schnapf with the exception of the track "Stuck at Sea," which was produced by Butch Walker. The album title is taken from the song "The City's Summer".
# Emergency medical dispatch

Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) refers to a system that enhances services provided by Public Safety Answering Point (emergency) call takers, such as municipal emergency services dispatchers. It does so by allowing the call taker to quickly narrow down the caller's type of medical or trauma situation, so as to better dispatch emergency services, and provide quality instruction to the caller before help arrives.

## Overview

Based on specific question-and-answer logic trees ("systematized interrogation"), the dispatcher is able to determine a problem type and priority for the call, and use that information to
* provide systematized Pre-Arrival Instructions, including
** Dispatch Life Support (DLS), which gives phone instruction to aid the patient until help arrives
** provide other information to the caller
* activate appropriate protocols
** dispatch the call to the appropriate resources
** dispatch using the appropriate modes (emergency mode or normal driving)
** activation of secondary protocols, such as notifications

## Implementation

Many countries have a national EMD or DLS program, sometimes with a designated system provider, either mandatory or optional. Others may have a national curriculum or accreditation program, or the program may be designated by local jurisdictions at the state or province level. Not all jurisdictions have any sanctioned EMD or DLS system in place, and not all emergency call centers have EMD or DLS. There is some controversy over using these systems, especially when non-medical staff man the phones.
EMD may be guided by computer software, or flashcard-books (often color-coded, with page cross references to help further narrow down the phone diagnosis and/or treatment, and dispatch protocol). Such manual systems have been likened to recipe cards.
The dispatch effort guided by EMD may indicate call severity, resource type (basic life support or paramedics), declaration of a multiple casualty incident (MCI), responder emergency mode (e.g., permission to use lights and sirens), call priority, and hospital or health department notification.
The on-phone instruction effort guided by EMD may help the caller or other bystander to perform CPR or other lay basic life support, provide instruction on how to aid the responders to reach the patient, evacuation instructions, or other forms of care or safety instruction.

## Adopted programs

In the United States, the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), Criterion-Based Dispatch, and Computer aided call handling (CACH) are common protocols.
In the United Kingdom, AMPDS is one of two Department of Health and Social Care approved computer programs for 999/112 medical emergency call triage; used across Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and parts of England. In England, NHS Pathways is the alternative system and it is used by five of the eleven regional ambulance services.
# Băsești (river)

The Băsești is a left tributary of the river Sălaj in Romania. It flows into the Sălaj near the village Băsești. Its length is 12 km (7.5 mi) and its basin size is 26 km$^2$ (10 sq mi).
# Shigeki Iwai

Shigeki Iwai (born 2 June 1968 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese politician who has served as a member of the House of Councillors of Japan since 2010. He represents the Shizuoka at-large district and is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.
He is a member of the following committees (as of 2021):
# Clematis versicolor

Clematis versicolor (pale leatherflower) is a species of flowering plant in the Buttercup family. It is a twining vine native to the Southeastern United States and Ozark Mountains. In this range it is found in scattered calcareous regions, where it is found on limestone outcrops, in thickets, and dry woods. It flowers in the summer.
It is distinguished from similar-looking species by its white-waxy, generally hairless, leathery leaves, and its lavender to cream colored flowers.
# Tridactyloidea

Tridactyloidea is a superfamily in the order Orthoptera. The insects are sometimes known as pygmy mole crickets but they are Caelifera and not members of the mole cricket suborder Ensifera, unlike the true mole crickets, the Gryllotalpidae. It is composed of three families that contain a total of about 50 species. Insects in this superfamily can be 4 to 9 millimeters in length and generally have short antennae and long wings. They live along the banks of bodies of water in tropical areas and are good swimmers and jumpers. Fossils of this subfamily have been found in Siberian deposits dating back to the Cretaceous.

## Families

According to the Orthoptera Species File there are three families:
* Cylindrachetidae Giglio-Tos, 1914: "sandgropers" of Australia, Papua New Guinea and South America
* Ripipterygidae Ander, 1939: "mud crickets" of central and South America
* Tridactylidae Brullé, 1835: "pygmy mole crickets" in many (especially tropical) areas.
# Tree stump

After a tree has been cut and has fallen, the stump or tree stump is usually a small remaining portion of the trunk with the roots still in the ground. Stumps may show the age-defining rings of a tree. The study of these rings is known as dendrochronology.

## Regeneration

Stumps (both those on the ground and stumps of removed branches) are sometimes able to regenerate into new trees depending on the species. Often, a deciduous tree that has been cut will re-sprout in multiple places around the edge of the stump or from the roots. Depending on whether the tree is being removed or whether the forest is expected to recover, this can be either desirable or undesirable. Stump sprouts can grow very quickly and so become viable trees themselves either for aesthetics or timber, due to the existing root structure; however, the cut portion of the trunk may weaken the sprouts and introduce disease into the newly forming tree(s).
The process of deliberately cutting a tree to a stump to regrow is known as coppicing.

## Stump removal

Tree stumps can be difficult to remove from the ground. They can be dug out, pulled out by a chain, shredded with a stump grinder or burnt.
A common method for stump removal is to use one of the many chemical stump removal products, so long as immediate results are not needed. These stump removers are mostly made of potassium nitrate (KNO$_3$) and act by rapidly increasing the decay of the stump. (The chemical provides nitrogen, a limiting nutrient, to tree-decaying fungi. Other nitrogen fertilizers also work.) After an average of 4–6 weeks, the stump will be rotten through and easily fragmented in manageable pieces. If time is a limiting factor, setting fire to the stump is effective because once the potassium nitrate has been absorbed it acts as an effective oxidizer.
Historically, an explosive called stumping powder was used to blast stumps.

## Stump harvesting

In plantation forests in parts of Europe, stumps are sometimes pulled out of the ground using a specially adapted tracked excavator, to supply wood fuel for biomass power stations. Stump harvesting may provide an increasing component of the woody material required by the biomass power sector.