OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ε-net (computational geometry)

In computational geometry, an ε-net (pronounced epsilon-net) is the approximation of a general set by a collection of simpler subsets. In probability theory it is the approximation of one probability distribution by another.

## Background

Let X be a set and R be a set of subsets of X; such a pair is called a range space or hypergraph, and the elements of R are called ranges or hyperedges. An ε-net of a subset P of X is a subset N of P such that any range r ∈ R with |r ∩ P| ≥ ε|P| intersects N. In other words, any range that intersects at least a proportion ε of the elements of P must also intersect the ε-net N.
For example, suppose X is the set of points in the two-dimensional plane, R is the set of closed filled rectangles (products of closed intervals), and P is the unit square [0, 1] × [0, 1]. Then the set N consisting of the 8 points shown in the adjacent diagram is a 1/4-net of P, because any closed filled rectangle intersecting at least 1/4 of the unit square must intersect one of these points. In fact, any (axis-parallel) square, regardless of size, will have a similar 8-point 1/4-net.
For any range space with finite VC dimension d, regardless of the choice of P, there exists an ε-net of P of size
    $O\left({\frac {d}{\varepsilon }}\log {\frac {d}{\varepsilon }}\right)\!;$
because the size of this set is independent of P, any set P can be described using a set of fixed size.
This facilitates the development of efficient approximation algorithms. For example, suppose we wish to estimate an upper bound on the area of a given region, that falls inside a particular rectangle P. One can estimate this to within an additive factor of ε times the area of P by first finding an ε-net of P, counting the proportion of elements in the ε-net falling inside the region with respect to the rectangle P, and then multiplying by the area of P. The runtime of the algorithm depends only on ε and not P. One straightforward way to compute an ε-net with high probability is to take a sufficient number of random points, where the number of random points also depends only on ε. For example, in the diagram shown, any rectangle in the unit square containing at most three points in the 1/4-net has an area of at most 3/8 + 1/4 = 5/8.
ε-nets also provide approximation algorithms for the NP-complete hitting set and set cover problems.

## Probability theory

Let $P$ be a probability distribution over some set $X$. An $\varepsilon$-net for a class $H\subseteq 2^{X}$ of subsets of $X$ is any subset $S\subseteq X$ such that for any $h\in H$
    $P(h)\geq \varepsilon \quad \Longrightarrow \quad S\cap h\neq \varnothing .$
Intuitively $S$ approximates the probability distribution.
A stronger notion is $\varepsilon$-approximation. An $\varepsilon$-approximation for class $H$ is a subset $S\subseteq X$ such that for any $h\in H$ it holds
    $\left|P(h)-{\frac {|S\cap h|}{|S|}}\right|<\varepsilon .$
# Silvesta Township, Walsh County, North Dakota

Silvesta Township is a township in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States.
# Silent Valley (1935 film)

Silent Valley is a 1935 American Western film directed by Bernard B. Ray and starring Tom Tyler, Al Bridge and Nancy Deshon.

## Cast

* Tom Tyler as Sheriff Tom Hall
* Al Bridge as Jim Farley
* Nancy Deshon as Helen Jones
* Hal Taliaferro as Fred Jones
* Charles King as Henchman Harry Keller
* Slim Whitaker as Pete Childers, aka Peterson
* Art Miles as Deputy George Hull
* Murdock MacQuarrie as Rancher Barnes
# Sigurd Thinn

Sigurd Thinn (born September 23, 1957) is a former Norwegian ice hockey player. He was born in Oslo, Norway, usually played for Vålerengens IF and was on the Norway men's national ice hockey team at the 1988 Winter Olympics. He also played for Furuset and Bergen.
# Carl Fredrik Engwall

Carl Fredrik Engwall (1860-1925) was a Swedish businessman, industrialist and founder of Engwall, Hellberg & Co [sv].

## Biography

Carl Fredrik Engwall, was the third son of Victor Theodor Engwall. Carl Fredrik co-owned the Helsan mineral water factory. In 1892, he established his own colonial goods firm, Carl Fredrik Engwall Co. In 1909, the company merged with Gustav Hellberg Co, first founded in 1888, and formed Engwall, Hellberg Co AB [sv]. The company became a competitor to the Engwall controlled Vict Th Engwall & Co (current Gevalia). The company's primary building was Holmia. In 1938, the Engwall family acquired the competitor Engwall, Hellberg Co AB.
Carl Fredrik Engwall was appointed as a board member of Brand- och livsförsäkrings AB Svea [sv]. He became acquainted with Charles Dickson [sv] (chairman, 1866–1904), Eduard Boye [sv] (CEO, 1866–1891), and multiple other influential individuals from Gothenburg.
In 1918, the insurance company Försäkrings AB Nornan [sv] was founded by Hellberg and Engwall. The company originally acted as a subsidiary for Brand- och livsförsäkrings AB Svea. The Engwalls retained influence over Brand- och livsförsäkrings AB Svea. Between 1942 and 1953, Arvind Hellberg served as CEO, and between 1953 and 1961 Pehr Gyllenhammar Sr. served as CEO.
In 1950, the insurance provider Försäkrings AB Nornan merged with Brand- och livsförsäkrings AB Svea. In 1951, Försäkringsbolaget Svea-Nornan was established. In 1952, Försäkringsbolaget Svea-Nornan [sv] acquired the holdings company AB Argo. The same year, in 1952, Försäkringsaktiebolaget Ocean [sv], Sjöförsäkringsbolaget Gauthiod, Sveriges Allmänna Sjöförsäkrings AB [sv], Försäkringsbolaget Sjöassurans Kompaniet, Försäkringsbolaget Amphion [sv], and Återförsäkringsbolaget Union was acquired by Försäkringsbolaget Svea-Nornan through AB Argo. The group later became a part of Skandia.
Carl Fredrik Engwall was appointed as the Russian consul in Gävle. He assisted his brother, Knut Emil Engwall, in getting approval for the Cedergren building in Warsaw. He also worked as a diplomat in France.
# Zeme, Lombardy

Zeme is a village and comune in the Province of Pavia, in the Lombardy region of northwest Italy.

## History

In the Middle Ages Zeme was described as Cemide or Zemide. Since the tenth century Zeme belonged to the Bishop of Pavia and later to the priory of the Holy Cross of Mortara; in 1311 one half of the territory was confirmed as belonging to the Count palatine of Lomello. Zeme is named in imperial diplomas (1191, 1220) that assign the Lomellina to Pavia.
During the Visconti period it came under the power of Filippino, son of Facino Cane, who in 1524 sold it to condottiero Angelo della Pergola (lord also of Sartirana). In 1528 his great-nephew Francesco della Pergola sold Zeme to the San Cassiano family, but in 1532 Zeme was assigned to the Chapter (religion) and the Bishopric of Vigevano. The domain of the Bishopric ceased only with the abolition of feudalism (1771).
In 1818 Zeme was finally united with Marza and Sant'Alessandro, once comuni, now consisting of simple farms.
# Caladenia pendens subsp. talbotii

Caladenia pendens subsp. talbotii, commonly known as Talbot's spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and one or two white, red and yellow flowers with long drooping petals and sepals and sometimes has a citrus-like scent.

## Description

Caladenia pendens subsp. talbotii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, 80–120 mm (3–5 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. One or two white, red and yellow flowers 100–140 mm (4–6 in) long and 80–100 mm (3–4 in) wide are borne on a spike 160–250 mm (6–10 in) tall. The sepals and petals have long, brown, drooping, thread-like tips. The dorsal sepal is erect, 60–120 mm (2–5 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are 60–120 mm (2–5 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide, turned downwards near their bases but then drooping. The petals are 55–90 mm (2–4 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide, spreading horizontally near their bases then drooping. The labellum is 11–17 mm (0.4–0.7 in) long, 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide and creamy-white with red lines and spots. The sides of the labellum curve upwards and have short blunt teeth on their sides and the tip of the labellum curves downwards. There are two rows of cream-coloured, anvil-shaped calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to mid-October. This subspecies differs from subspecies pendens in having darker coloured sepals and petals, shorter petals and a shorter labellum.

## Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia pendens was first described in 2001 by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown and the description was published in Nuytsia. At the same time they described two subspecies, including subspecies talbotii. The subspecies name (talbotii) honours Len Talbot who was one of the first to recognise this subspecies as distinct.

## Distribution and habitat

Talbot's spider orchid is found between Beverley and Watheroo in the Jarrah Forest biogeographic region where it grows in wandoo woodland.

## Conservation

Caladenia pendens subsp. talbotii is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Campile railway station

Campile railway station served the village of Campile in County Wexford, Ireland.
The station opened on 1 August 1906 and closed on 18 September 2010. The rail service was replaced by a revised Bus Éireann route 370 from Monday 20 September 2010:

## Routes

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Waterford Plunkett | InterCity Limerick-Rosslare Line | Ballycullane Line and station closed |
| Waterford North | Great Southern and Western Railway Limerick-Rosslare | Ballycullane Line and station closed |
# Henry Barraud

Henry Barraud may refer to:
* Henry Barraud (composer) (1900–1997), French composer
* Henry Barraud (artist) (1811–1874), British painter
# Saint-Barthélemy, Manche

Saint-Barthélemy (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
# For the Punx

For the Punx is the debut studio album by The Casualties, released in 1997.

## Track listing

* For The Punx - 2:34
* Ugly Bastards - 1:40
* City Life - 2:26
* Riot - 1:42
* Casualties - 1:39
* Who's Gonna Be... - 2:21
* Police Brutality - 1:46
* Punx & Skins - 1:34
* Destruction & Hate - 1:52
* Two Faced - 1:42
* Chaos Punx - 2:08
* Punk Rock Love - 1:49
# Klaus Wälde

Klaus Wälde (born 1966) is a German economist and Professor of Economics at the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz. He is also an extramural fellow at the Université catholique de Louvain and a fellow of the CESifo network. Previously, he was Professor of Economics at the Universities of Dresden, Würzburg and Glasgow. He also worked for the World Bank and for the European Commission.
He published on macroeconomics and economic theory, on labour market research and the analysis of the role of emotions in decision making. His evaluations (with Andey Launov) of Hartz III and Hartz IV received quite some interest from the public. He is also supportive of the role of trade unions in society. He teaches in the "Dynamic Aspects of Stress at Work" graduate school at the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz. This is an interdisciplinary graduate school of psychologists and economists.
As of March 2020 he contributed to the analysis of COVID-19 dynamics in Germany. Applying methods from labour market theory (continuous time Markov chains) to epidemiology, he developed new versions of the SIR model to predict the evolution of COVID-19 in Germany (GER, CESifo Econ Studies). This received a lot of attention in the media. Earlier analyses also discussed in his Corona-Blog focused on flattening the curve or on the effects of public health measures.
Media responses were strongest for the mask-study. Examples include Tagesschau, ARD Morgenmagazin (ARD Mediathek), Die Zeit, a page 1 news on The Times or De Volkskrant. The published version of the mask-study is among the most noticed scientific articles according to Altmetric.
His most known textbook is titled Applied Intertemporal Optimization, and is a frequently downloaded economics textbook.
Klaus Wälde held a research professorship at the Gutenberg Research College from 2009 to 2014.
# Toho (disambiguation)

Toho is a Japanese film production and distribution company.
Toho or Tōhō may also refer to:

## Locations

* Tōhō, Fukuoka
* Toho, Indonesia, a district in Pontianak Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

## Education

* Toho Gakuen School of Music
* Toho University

## Companies

* Toho Bank, Fukushima, Japan
* Toho Zinc

## Other uses

* Toho (kachina), a hunter spirit for the Hopi and Zuni tribes
* Touhou Project (also known as the Toho Project), a shoot 'em up video game series
# Zośka Battalion

Battalion Zośka (pronounced /'zɔɕ.ka/; 'Sophie' in Polish) was a paramilitary scouts battalion that specialized in field intelligence gathering, irregular warfare and scouting of the Polish resistance movement organisation - Home Army (Armia Krajowa or "AK") during World War II. It mainly consisted of members of the Szare Szeregi paramilitary Boy Scouts. It was formed in late August 1943. A part of the Radosław Group, the battalion played a major role in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
Zośka was named after Tadeusz Zawadzki, who used the name as his pseudonym during the AK's early days. He was killed during a partisan action.

## History

The battalion was formed in late August 1943 as part of the Radosław Group, fighting in Wola and the Starówka, from where they allowed the "Rudy" company to do a breakthrough to the centre of the city through the Saxon Garden which eventually failed. After capturing two Panther tanks in 2 August, an armoured platoon was formed under the command of Wacław Micuta. The battalion gained the War Order of Virtuti Militari.

## Liberation of the concentration camp "Gęsiówka"

Zośka fighters liberated prisoners of the concentration camp Gęsiówka in August 1944. The 383 able-bodied prisoners (including 348 Jews), both men and women who were left in Gęsiówka to assist with the destruction of the evidence of mass murder, were rescued from certain death. Most of these survivors joined the Zośka unit and fought in the Warsaw uprising.
* Captured German Panther tank – armored platoon of Battalion Zośka under command of Wacław Micuta
* Captured tank
* Prisoners of Gęsiówka and the Zośka fighters after the liberation of the camp in August 1944
* Warsaw Uprising 5 August 1944 in Gęsiówka. The men are dressed in captured German uniforms and armed with confiscated German weapons. From left: Wojciech Omyła "Wojtek", Juliusz Bogdan Deczkowski "Laudański" and Tadeusz Milewski "Ćwik". Milewski was killed on the same day. Omyla was killed several days later on 8 August 1944.
Other famous Home Army battalions were: Miotła, Czata, Pięść, and Batalion Parasol. Between 1944 and 1956, all surviving former members of Batalion Zośka were incarcerated in the Soviet NKVD prisons.

## Notable Battalion fighters

* Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński
* Roger Barlet
* Ryszard Białous
* Andrzej Cielecki
* Lidia Daniszewska
* Aleksy Dawidowski
* Juliusz Bogdan Deczkowski
* Jerzy Gawin
* Jerzy Jagiełło (porucznik)
* Jacek Karpiński
* Tadeusz Kosudarski
* Jan Kopałka
* Andrzej Łukoski
* Henryk Kozłowski
* Zygmunt Kujawski
* Wacław Micuta
* Tadeusz Maślonkowski
* Wiktor Matulewicz
* Krystyna Niżyńska
* Konrad Okolski
* Jerzy Ossowski
* Jerzy Pepłowski
* Jan Rodowicz
* Eugeniusz Romański
* Andrzej Romocki
* Jan Romocki
* Jan Rossman
* Eugeniusz Stasiecki
* Tadeusz Sumiński
* Anna Wajcowicz
* Kazimierz Wasiłowski
* Jerzy Weil
* Jan Wuttke
* Anna Zakrzewska
* Jan J. Więckowski
# KPLR

KPLR may refer to:
* KPLR-TV, a television station (channel 26, virtual 11) licensed to St. Louis, Missouri, United States
* KPLR-LP, a defunct low-power radio station (96.9 FM) licensed to Poplar, Montana, United States
* St. Clair County Airport (ICAO: KPLR), a public use airport
# Sex Noir

The Sex Noir (2,731 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located north of Anzère in the canton of Valais. It belongs to the massif of the Wildhorn and lies approximately halfway between the summit of the Wildhorn and the Prabé, on the range separating the valley of La Morge from the valley of La Sionne. Both rivers end in the Rhone.
# Byrd in Hand

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| DownBeat | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
Byrd in Hand is an album by American jazz trumpeter Donald Byrd recorded on May 31, 1959 and released on Blue Note later that year.

## Reception

The Penguin Guide to Jazz described the recording as a "typical Blue Note blowing session".
The AllMusic reviewer wrote that "Although none of the new tunes caught on, the group [...] plays consistently creative and spirited solos in the hard bop idiom."

## Track listing

All compositions by Donald Byrd, except as noted.

### Side 1

* "Witchcraft" (Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh) – 8:29
* "Here I Am" – 8:25
* "Devil Whip" – 4:42

### Side 2

* "Bronze Dance" (Walter Davis, Jr.) – 6:42
* "Clarion Calls" (Walter Davis, Jr.) – 5:41
* "The Injuns" – 6:13

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Donald Byrd – trumpet
* Charlie Rouse – tenor saxophone
* Pepper Adams – baritone saxophone
* Walter Davis Jr. – piano
* Sam Jones – bass
* Art Taylor – drums

### Technical personnel

* Alfred Lion – production
* Rudy Van Gelder – recording engineer, mastering
* Reid Miles – design
* Francis Wolff – photography
* Ira Gitler – liner notes
# K173

K173 or K-173 may refer to:
* K-173 (Kansas highway), a state highway in Kansas
* Russian submarine Krasnoyarsk (K-173), a Russian submarine
# Settlers of America: Trails to Rails

Settlers of America: Trails to Rails is a 2010 German style board game created by Klaus Teuber and distributed by Mayfair Games. It is the first Settlers of Catan-series game to be distributed exclusively in the English language, and the third game in the Catan Histories line of games, which adapts the Settlers of Catan game mechanics to various historical contexts.

## Gameplay

Each player begins with control of three cities in the continental United States east of the Mississippi River. Adjacent to each city are hexes which produce resources. These in turn allow players to expand their territory. At the start of a player's turn, players roll a pair of dice, with any hex matching the number rolled producing one of five resources: brick, cattle, coal, grain, and lumber. Unlike regular Catan, when players do not produce on any of their cities, they draw a gold instead. As players move westward, numbers may be reassigned to hexes, and certain hexes will no longer produce.
Players may spend their resources on settlers, which may move about the board by spending wheat. If a settler ends their movement on a pre-determined city-site (corresponding to various American cities), then the settler is converted into a city, which will produce resources like any other city on the board. Players may also spend resources to build rails to connect cities (not necessarily their own) together, and trains to move along the rails (like settlers, for additional resource cost). Players gain gold for connecting city-sites to the rail network, and gold may be used to purchase resources or move trains along opposing players' rails.
As new cities are built, goods may be delivered to each city. At the start of the game, each player may deliver one good; one additional good may be delivered with the founding of a new city. Each city on the board may accept the delivery of one good, but a player may not deliver goods to their own cities. The first player to deliver all of their goods (10 in a standard game) is declared the winner.

## Reception

Settlers of America: Trails to Rails was awarded the Origins Award for "Best Miniatures Rules" of 2010.
# Hemingstone Hall

Hemingstone Hall is a Jacobean manor house in Hemingstone close to Ipswich in Suffolk, England. It was built in the early 17th Century, around 1625, for William Style. The house is of two storeys with attics, and is built to an H-plan in red brick. James Bettley, in his 2015 revised volume, Suffolk: East, of the Pevsner Buildings of England series, records the two-storey porch with Tuscan pilasters and obelisks.
Hemingstone is a Grade I listed building. It remains a private home and is not open to the public.
# Hemington

Hemington may refer to:
* Hemington, Leicestershire
* Hemington, Northamptonshire
* Hemington, Somerset
# Zagorsk Pumped Storage Station

Zagorsk Pumped Storage Station (Russian: Заго́рская гидроаккумули́рующая электроста́нция) is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station near Sergiev Posad, Russia. Zagorsk-1 has a 1,200 megawatts (1,600,000 hp) installed capacity and was Russia's first power plant of that type. The project was approved in 1974, the first two generators operational in 1987 and the rest by 2000. Zagorsk-2 with a future installed capacity of 840 MW is currently being constructed adjacent to it.
# Burnt Factory, West Virginia

Burnt Factory is an unincorporated community in Morgan County, West Virginia north of Berkeley Springs. It is located along Sand Mine Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 38/1) off Hancock Road (U.S. Route 522) and is the site of the U.S. Silica Company's Berkeley Springs plant. U.S. Silica is a producer of ground and unground silica sand, kaolin clay, and aplite. These materials are extracted from Warm Spring Ridge directly across U.S. Route 522 from the facility in Burnt Factory.
# Burnt Cove, St. Michael's, Bauline South, Newfoundland and Labrador

Burnt Cove, St. Michael's, Bauline South is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

## Geography

Burnt Cove, St. Michael's, Bauline South is in Newfoundland within Subdivision U of Division No. 1.

## Demographics

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Burnt Cove, St. Michael's, Bauline South recorded a population of 316 living in 120 of its 140 total private dwellings, a change of 2.6% from its 2011 population of 308. With a land area of 8.64 km$^2$ (3.34 sq mi), it had a population density of 36.6/km$^2$ (94.7/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

Burnt Cove, St. Michael's, Bauline South is a local service district (LSD) that is governed by a committee responsible for the provision of certain services to the community. The chair of the LSD committee is Diane Tee.