OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walthard

Walthard (or Waltaro) (died 12 August 1012) was the Archbishop of Magdeburg very briefly from June to August in 1012.
Walthard was the initial archiepiscopal candidate of the cathedral chapter on the death of Archbishop Giseler in 1004, but King Henry II elected to appoint his chaplain Tagino instead. When Tagino died on 9 June 1012, the cathedral elected Walthard, but he died within a few months and they elected one named Otto, who was passed over again by the king in favour of Gero. Otto was accepted into the royal chaplaincy as a consolation.

## Sources

* Reuter, Timothy. Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. New York: Longman, 1991.
* Thompson, James Westfall. Feudal Germany, Volume II. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1928.
# Vernonvilliers

Vernonvilliers (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Vegetable flannel

Vegetable flannel is a type of flannel using fibres from the Scots pine, or Pinus sylvestris, rather than traditional woollen fibres. It is described as having a hemp like appearance, but with a tighter, softer texture. In addition to this, the term can also describe coarse linen used for underclothing.

## Manufacture

Invented in the early 19th century by L. Léopold Lairitz of Germany, the manufacture of vegetable flannel became a Black Forest industry due to the wide availability of the pines there which provided the raw materials. The raw fibre, called Waldwolle ("forest wool"), and the pine oil were separated, and then the Waldwolle was spun into yarn or thread, and either woven or knitted.
By 1900, vegetable flannel was mainly woven at Wrocław, which at the time was located in Germany.

## Properties

Vegetable flannel was promoted as a hypoallergenic option for those who could not wear wool, and was thought to be particularly good for rheumatism and neuralgia. In the nineteenth century, this was attributed to the tannins and resins present in the fibre, and "formic acid, which creates a gentle and constant excitement of the skin." Another contemporary article claimed that vegetable flannel regulated the release of phosphorus and other elements from the invalid's body. In 1900, vegetable flannel was widely used for blankets in German hospitals, prisons and barracks as it was thought not to harbour pests and vermin.

## Criticism

The German Polytechnisches Journal, which published several articles on Waldwolle as a promising new material, was later highly critical of marketing claims made for it. In an article in 1868 the journal stated that while the fibres extracted from pine needles were chemically identical to linen or cotton fibres, their mechanical properties – coarse, short and smooth – were such that spinning yarn from them was unlikely to be possible. The journal reported it had inspected samples of Waldwolle and found them to be mainly composed of cotton or wool and cotton blends with some pine fibre or pine oil added to provide a characteristic rough texture and pine scent.
# Harpalus ingenuus

Harpalus ingenuus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Tschitscherine in 1898.
# Hidefumi

Hidefumi (written: 英文 or 秀史) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Ino Hidefumi (猪野 秀史, born 1970), Japanese jazz and electronic musician
* Hidefumi Kimura (きむら ひでふみ, born 1965), Japanese artist, writer and animator
* Hidefumi Takemoto (竹本 英文, born 1973), Japanese voice actor
# Helianthus grosseserratus

Helianthus grosseserratus, commonly known as sawtooth sunflower or thick-tooth sunflower, is a perennial sunflower in the family Asteraceae, with a large flowering head (inflorescence).
The plant may reach 3–7 feet (91–366 cm) in height with instances to 12 and is found along streams, damp prairies and roadsides in the eastern and central parts of Canada and the United States, primarily in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes Region, with additional populations as far as Maine, Georgia, and Texas. It prefers full sun and moist, fertile loamy soil with high organic content.
The lanceolate leaves are glossy, simple and alternate and may reach 4 to 12 inches (10–30 cm) long and from 1 to 4 inches (2–10 cm) wide. The leaves have large teeth along the edges (hence the name, sawtooth) to occasionally nearly entire and the tips are pointed.
The head (formally composite flower) is 3 to 4 inches (7–10 cm) wide with golden-yellow disk flowers that bloom in summer and autumn. The 10-20 yellow ray florets are about 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) long. The fruit is a single achene within a husk.
Various insects, birds and mammals (including cattle) feed on either the plant or its seeds.
Native Americans used to treat burns with a poultice made from the flowers.
# Henniker (CDP), New Hampshire

Henniker is a census-designated place (CDP) and the main village in the town of Henniker in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population of the CDP was 3,166 at the 2020 census, out of 6,185 in the entire town. The CDP is the home to New England College.

## Geography

The CDP is in the center of the town of Henniker, primarily on the north side of the Contoocook River but with a small portion on the south side, comprising the campus of New England College. The CDP is bordered to the north by U.S. Route 202/New Hampshire Route 9 and by Amey Brook and to the south by the Contoocook River and an abandoned railroad grade. To the west, the CDP extends past The Oaks road.
New Hampshire Route 114 passes through the center of the village, leading northwest 9 miles (14 km) to Bradford and southeast 18 miles (29 km) to Goffstown. Routes 202/9 lead east 16 miles (26 km) to Concord, the state capital, and southwest 6 miles (10 km) to Hillsborough.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Henniker CDP has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.7 km$^2$), all of it recorded as land. The Contoocook River, flowing through the southern part of the CDP, is part of the Merrimack River watershed.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,747 people, 556 households, and 269 families residing in the CDP. There were 586 housing units, of which 30, or 5.1%, were vacant. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.0% white, 2.9% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.8% some other race, and 1.3% from two or more races. 2.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 556 households in the CDP, 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were headed by married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.6% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16, and the average family size was 2.78. 547 people (31.6% of the population) lived in group quarters such as dormitories, rather than households.
12.1% of residents in the CDP were under the age of 18, 44.5% were from age 18 to 24, 14.4% were from 25 to 44, 20.4% were from 45 to 64, and 8.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.
For the period 2011-15, the estimated median annual income for a household was $62,889, and the median income for a family was $70,952. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,665.
# Seven Seas Residence

25°4′46.1″N 121°32′1.85″E﻿ / ﻿25.079472°N 121.5338472°E﻿ / 25.079472; 121.5338472
Seven Seas Residence (Chinese: 七海寓所; pinyin: Qīhǎi Yùsuǒ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhit-hái Gū-só͘ ; "Republic of China Navy Command Headquarters"), also called Chihai, located in Taipei, Taiwan on Beian Street within the grounds of the ROC naval headquarters, was the official residence of Republic of China President Chiang Ching-kuo.

## Name

The Residence is called Seven Seas because of the guardhouse code-named Seven Seas to recognize the contributions of the United States Seventh Fleet in protecting Taiwan during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis (1954-1955).

## History

It acted as a naval reception center in the 1950s. Chiang Ching-kuo originally lived in a Japanese style home on Chang'an East Road, but moved to the Seven Seas Residence in 1968. In 2022, the grounds were transformed into the Ching-kuo Chi-hai Cultural Park, including the Chiang Ching-kuo Presidential Library.
# Yutanduchi de Guerrero

Yutanduchi de Guerrero is one of the 570 municipalities of Oaxaca. The capital of the municipality is Yutanduchi de Guerrero. The city's INEGI identification number is 20564.

## Geography

Yutanduchi de Guerrero is part of the Nochixtlán, which is further subdivided into 32 municipalities. The district is in the southeastern part of the Mixteca Region, in the northwestern part of the state of Oaxaca. As of 2005 INEGI census, the municipality had 1175 inhabitants: 552 men and 623 women. The municipality has an area of 223.27 square kilometers. The average elevation is 1620 meters above sea level.

## Demographics

In 2000 there were 966 indigenous people. Of these 818 were older than 5. There are a total of 818 bilinguals (speakers of Spanish and an indigenous language).
# Yuan Dadu City Wall Ruins Park

The Yuan Dadu City Wall Ruins Park (Chinese: 元大都城垣遗址公园), also known as the Tucheng or Earth Wall Park (Chinese: 土城; pinyin: Tǔchéng; lit. 'Earthen Wall'), is an urban park and historic site in Haidian and Chaoyang districts, Beijing. The park was created in 1988 to preserve the ruins of the northern city wall of Khanbaliq (Dadu), capital of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The city wall was constructed in 1267 and finished in 1276. Dadu was abandoned in the Ming dynasty, when Beijing was rebuilt and shifted to the south. The northern segment of the city wall is preserved, and a narrow and long park was created around the ruins of the city wall, located in Haidian District and Chaoyang District. It runs in between and parallel to the northern sections of the 3rd and 4th Ring Roads. The park underwent restoration in 2003.
# Yuan Chiung-chiung

Yuan Chiung-chiung (Chinese: 袁瓊瓊; pinyin: Yuán Qióngqióng; Wade–Giles: Yüan$^2$ Chʻiung$^2$-chʻiung$^2$; born 25 November 1950) is a Taiwanese writer whose family originated in Meishan, Sichuan, China. Yuan wrote poetry, fiction, essays, screenplays and television scripts during the Boudoir literature period for women. Boudoir literature is a form of writing that focuses on issues of women.
Some of the issues that Yuan focused on are: women's role in family and the workplace, and their anxieties, romantic relationships and aspirations. Yuan was inspired by the writings of an influential Chinese writer named Eileen Chang, who was seen as the leader of the liberation for female Taiwanese writers. Both Yuan and her predecessor Chang wrote love stories that battled stereotypes of women.

## Writings

As Yuan exposed the role of women in their families, workplace, and other aspects of life, the women in her stories typically accomplished a financial feat. Either they achieved financial independence, or she showed the financial prosperity of the flourishing middle-class. Her writings attempt to demonstrate what women can do independent from men.
In contrast to Eileen Chang, who depicted the differences between social classes in China in a negative light, Yuan was raised in a middle-class family and did not show any animosity towards the economical differences in society, especially since the majority of the Taiwanese people have achieved middle-class status in post-war years. In fact, Yuan greatly enjoyed her middle-class life and often showed that appreciation through her literature.
Many of Yuan's stories end on a question and the plot is left unresolved. Her more recent work often deals with young people trying to resolve their inner conflict with an external experience.

## Works

* A Lover's Ear
* Spring Water Boat 《春水船》
* A Sky of One's Own 《自己的天空》
* Fantasy Bug
* Flies
* Cat
* Adversity
* Even-Glow
* Beyond Words
* The Old House That Stood for 30 Years
* A Place of One's Own
* The Sky's Escape
* Tales of Taipei
* The Mulberry Sea 《滄桑》(1984)
* Empty Seat

## Sources

* Sudden Fiction International, Shapard, Robert, Thomas, James. New York, NY: 1989, pp 336.
* Literary Culture in Taiwan, Sung-sheng Yvonne Chang, West-Sussex, NY: 2004, pp 171–175.
* Yuan Chiung-chiung and the Rage of Eileen Zhang Among Taiwan's Feminine Writers: The Eileen Zhang Phenomenon, Sung-sheng Yvonne Chang
# Seventeen (Boyd Bennett song)

"Seventeen" is a popular song, recorded by Boyd Bennett and His Rockets in 1955. It was composed by Bennett, John F. Young, Jr., and Chuck Gorman.
Three versions of the song charted in 1955 in the United States. The original version, recorded by Bennett's band with a vocal by Jim Muzey (the latter credited on the label as "Big Moe"), reached No. 5 on the US Billboard chart. The Fontane Sisters made a close-harmony cover version, which did even better, reaching No. 3. Rusty Draper's version charted at No. 18. A fourth version was recorded in 1955 (as the "B" side of a single) by 1940s boogie-woogie singing star Ella Mae Morse, backed by Big Dave Cavanaugh's orchestra.
In the United Kingdom, Frankie Vaughan recorded a version of the song. It peaked at No. 18 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1955.
The Boyd Bennett disc of "Seventeen" "changed record-producing/buying and marketing forever," wrote musicologist Robert Reynolds: "As Boyd Bennett had predicted, teenagers bought 'Seventeen' in droves and other record companies soon began producing songs aimed specifically at the teen market. The record hung around the Top Ten for five weeks. When all was said and done, [Bennett's] 'Seventeen' had sold three million copies."
# Henri Ungemach

Henri Léon Ungemach (19 September 1879 – 11 June 1936) was an Alsatian mineralogist who made a collection of minerals, nearly 3000 of which are now held at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. He described minerals using their crystal geometry. The minerals Ungemachite and Clino-Ungemachite (hydrated salt sulphates) are named after him. He also collected insects (particularly moths), molluscs and plants during his travels.

## Life and work

Ungemach was born in Strasbourg to industrialist Charles Léon and Marie Élisabeth . He went to study at the Jean Sturm Gymnasium in Strasbourg before going to the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule in Zurich to study chemistry. He graduated in 1904 and went to the Imperial University of Strasbourg where he received a doctorate in 1907 with a thesis ("Die Erzlagerstätten des Weilertales") on the minerals of the Val de Villé. He travelled to North America before joining in prospecting for silver in the Val de Villé from 1908. In 1912 he joined the Compagnie Générale des Colonies for prospecting in Morocco and Madagascar. During World War I he joined an Alsatian regiment but refused to fight for the Germans. After World War I he travelled extensively including to Ethiopia. Chronic bronchitis made him return to Strasbourg in 1932 where he began to catalogue the mineral collections in the university. He studied crystals and made goniometric measurements of more than 2300 crystals using a Babinet-Fuess one-circle reflecting goniometer. He drew the crystal structures with great care and calculated Miller indices for the faces. His work was later used in comparisons with X-ray crystallography results. His diagrams were also used in the atlas produced by Victor Goldschmidt (1853–1933). He introduced a term "syntaxy" referring to intergrowth of dimorphous substances. Just before his death he passed on some of his collections and manuscripts to José Donnay of the University of Baltimore. Donnay donated the collections to the Canadian museum. After his death some of his collections went to the Université de Liège in Belgium. His lepidopteran collections are in Paris. A number of species were described from his collections and named after him including:
* Colotis ungemachi Le Cerf, 1922
* Tarucus ungemachi Stempffer, 1924
* Cigaritis allardi ungemachi Rothschild, 1926
* Plebejus martini ungemachi Rothschild, 1926
* Acraea ungemachi Le Cerf, 1927
* Charaxes lactetinctus ungemachi Le Cerf, 1927
* Atlantarctia ungemachi Le Cerf, 1924
* Odontocheilopteryx ungemachi Tams, 1931
* Adactylotis ungemachi D. Lucas, 1933
* Uollega ungemachi Berio, 1945
* Aspidhampsonia ungemachi Laporte, 1978
* Aspidifrontia ungemachi Laporte, 1978
* Amazonides ungemachi Laporte, 1984
* Stilbotis ungemachi Laporte, 1984
* Oreocossus ungemachi Rougeot, 1977
Ungemach married Éva Denise Andrée, daughter of the French art historian Léonce Bénédite in Paris in 1908. They had four children.
# Burgruine Senftenberg

Burgruine Senftenberg is a castle in Lower Austria at the town Senftenberg, Austria. Burgruine Senftenberg is 271 metres (889 ft) above sea level.
# Burgruine Reinegg

Burgruine Reinegg is a castle ruin in Carinthia, Austria.
# Henry Clay White

Henry Clay White (1848-1927) was an American chemist, notable for his contributions to agricultural science and higher education. He was also an early proponent of Darwin's theory of evolution.

## Biography

Henry Clay White was born in Baltimore on December 30, 1848.
He married Ella Frances Roberts on December 19, 1872.
From 1872 to 1927, he was professor of chemistry at the University of Georgia. In 1893 he was elected as a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
He died on November 30, 1927, in Athens, Georgia.
# Henry A. Bumstead

Henry Andrews Bumstead (March 12, 1870 – December 31, 1920) was an American physicist who taught at Yale from 1897 to 1920. In 1918 he was scientific attache to the United States embassy in London. In 1920 he was Chairman of the National Research Council.

## Education

Henry was a high school student in Decatur, Illinois. In 1887 he went to Johns Hopkins University, initially as a student in a pre-medical program. He studied mathematics with Fabian Franklin and took up an interest in that subject. He studied physics with Henry Augustus Rowland and found his calling there. In 1891 he obtained the bachelor's degree and continued at Johns Hopkins as an assistant in the physics laboratory and a graduate student. He studied thermodynamics, electrostatics, and the electromagnetic theory of light.

## Career

Henry Bumstead became an instructor at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University in 1893, working with Charles S. Hastings. At the same time he became a student of Willard Gibbs, learning vector analysis and continuing the study of thermodynamics and the electromagnetic theory of light. He was awarded the Ph.D. in 1897, composing a thesis A Comparison of Electrodynamic Theories. Bumstead became an assistant professor in 1900.
In 1905 Bumstead spent a sabbatical year at the Cavendish Laboratory. Performing an experiment suggested by J. J. Thomson, Bumstead examined the effect of X-rays (then called Röntgen rays) when applied to lead and zinc, finding that "twice as much heat is produced in lead compared to zinc".
When Arthur Williams Wright retired in 1906, Bumstead became professor of physics at Yale College and Director of the Sloan Physics Laboratory.
In World War I Bumstead was selected to serve as the head of the Scientific Section in London under Admiral William Sims, Commander of the American Forces countering the U-boat campaign in the North Atlantic:
    The American headquarters in London comprised many separate departments, each one of which was responsible to me as the Force Commander, through the Chief of Staff, they included such indispensable branches as...the Scientific Section, Professor H. A. Bumstead, Ph.D.
In 1920 Bumstead was elected Chairman of the National Research Council. He was a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, the United States National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.

## Personal life

In 1896 Bumstead married Luetta Ullrich, daughter of John Ullrich, a banker of Decatur, Illinois. The couple had two children, John Henry (born 1897) and Eleanor (born 1902). John Henry became a medical doctor in 1923, after study at Johns Hopkins University. He later joined Yale Medical School. Eleanor married William E. Stevenson, a President of Oberlin College (1946–59).
# Yên Thịnh

Yên Thịnh may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:
* Yên Thịnh, Yên Bái, a ward of Yên Bái
* Yên Thịnh, Ninh Bình, a township and capital of Yên Mô District
* Yên Thịnh, Bắc Kạn, a commune of Chợ Đồn District
* Yên Thịnh, Lạng Sơn, a commune of Hữu Lũng District
* Yên Thịnh, Thanh Hoá, a commune of Yên Định District
# Helix straminea

Helix straminea is a species of large, air-breathing land snail native to North Macedonia, Albania and Italy.
It is closely related to Helix vladika, but it is similar to some colour forms of H. lucorum, with which it used to be confused.
# Båtkvelvet

Båtkvelvet is a mountain in Gustav V Land at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It has a height of 343 m.a.s.l. and is located east of the bay Planciusbukta and west of Rijpfjorden. To the north the mountain ends at Kapp Lovén. The eastern side of the mountain falls steeply into the sea.
# Båtsfjord (village)

Båtsfjord (Norwegian) or Báhcavuonna (Northern Sami) is the administrative centre of Båtsfjord Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The fishing village is located along the 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) long Båtsfjorden, an inlet from the Barents Sea, along the northern coast of the Varanger Peninsula. The village sits at the northern end of Norwegian County Road 891. The Båtsfjord Airport lies just south of the village. The Hurtigruten coastal express has regular stops at Båtsfjord.
The 1.44-square-kilometre (360-acre) village has a population (2023) of 2,105 which gives the village a population density of 1,462 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,790/sq mi). The village is home to over 99% of all the residents in the entire municipality (there are 2,113 residents in Båtsfjord Municipality in 2023).
Båtsfjord is one of the biggest fishing ports in Finnmark County with around 10,000 boat arrivals each year. The village also has a number of facilities for fish processing.
Båtsfjord has shopping facilities, a post office, a school, and Båtsfjord Church.

## History

Historically, there were three whaling stations in Båtsfjord, but they are no longer in operation.
# Henry Coldston

Henry Coldston or Goldstone (by 1498–1547), was an English politician. He was Mayor of Salisbury from 1537–1538. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Salisbury in 1539.

## Early life

Henry Coldston was christened near Warminster, Wiltshire.

## Later life

He was buried at St. Edmund's church.
# Henry Colas

Henry Colas may refer to:
* Henry Colas (fl. 1377), English MP
* Henry Colas (fl. 1393), English MP