OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ivan Vakhrameev

Ivan Ivanovich Vakhrameev (1885 – 1965) was a Russian revolutionary. Member of the World War I, Russian Civil War and World War II. After the October Revolution, he held a number of responsible posts, then switched to teaching. Colonel of the quartermaster service.

## Biography

Ivan Ivanovich Vakhrameev was born in 1885 in Yaroslavl. His father was a petty employee. Received a secondary technical education.
From 1908 to 1911 he served in the Baltic Fleet, but in 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, he was again called up for the fleet. He was a machine non-commissioned officer in submarines. In the first months of 1916, Ivan Ivanovich, together with a group of Bolshevik sailors, was arrested, but was soon released due to lack of evidence. In 1917, formally became part of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks). After formally joining the party, he held a number of elected posts in sailor committees, and served as chairman of the judicial committee and submarine division.
After the October Revolution, he served in the Red Fleet, took part in the suppression of the Kerensky–Krasnov Uprising in Petrograd, which lasted from October 26 to October 31, 1917. From October 25 to 27 was a member of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. He also served as chairman of the Naval Revolutionary Committee and head of the military-political department of the Supreme Maritime College. On April 10, 1918, he was appointed Deputy People's Commissar for Maritime Affairs of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. On June 18, 1918, he took part in the flooding of the Black Sea Fleet in the Tsemes Bay, and served as chairman of the Defense Council of the Arkhangelsk Region. He was one of the leaders of the Struggle of the Red Army Against the Army of the British Empire in Northern Russia. In the fall of 1918, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic appointed Vakhrameev to the following posts: Fleet Supply Commissioner, Assistant Manager of the Maritime Commissariat, Representative of the Maritime Department at the Ural factories and Head of the Admiralty of the Sevastopol Port.
In 1925, he was appointed head of the economic department of the Kronstadt port. In the late 1920s and early 1930s he was in the 10th job category, which equated to the position of commander of a land brigade. He served in naval educational institutions.
He took part in the Great Patriotic War. He received the rank of colonel. In 1949 he retired. He died in 1965. He was buried in Saint Petersburg at the Red Cemetery.

## Appraisal

   unhurried, confident, weighing his words and deeds, we liked Vakhrameev for his efficiency, ability to thoroughly solve issues.

## Awards

During the Great Patriotic War, Ivan Ivanovich Vakhromeev was awarded the following awards:
* Order of Lenin (February 21, 1945);
* Order of the Red Banner (November 3, 1944);
* Order of the Red Star (July 24, 1943);
* Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945".
# Christoph Niemann

Christoph Niemann (born 1970) is an illustrator, graphic designer, and children's book author.
Since July 2008, Niemann has been writing and illustrating The New York Times blog Abstract City, renamed Abstract Sunday in 2011, when the blog moved to The New York Times Magazine.

## Personal life

He studied at the State Academy of Fine Arts in Stuttgart under Heinz Edelmann.
After finishing his studies in Germany in 1997, he moved to New York City. After 11 years in New York City, he moved to Berlin with his wife, Lisa, and their three sons.

## Career

Niemann is known for his Sunday Sketches, a weekly series of humorous drawings that play with scale and position. His compositions often take objects and turn them into something unexpected, for example a red pencil into a megaphone or a splayed book into a cat's whiskers.
His work has appeared on the covers of The New Yorker, Atlantic Monthly, The New York Times Magazine and American Illustration, and has won awards from AIGA, the Art Directors Club and American Illustration.
Niemann is a member of the Alliance Graphique Internationale. He has been a speaker at Design Indaba Conference twice, in 2006 and 2013.
In 2010, he was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame.
In 2013, he launched his first interactive illustration at Design Indaba Conference in Cape Town, in the form of an iOS application called Petting Zoo by Christoph Niemann. On June 21, 2013, Google used two of his images to celebrate the 2013 summer and winter solstices as the Google Doodle of the day. Niemann was profiled in the first season of the Netflix docu-series, Abstract: The Art of Design.
Niemann produced Traffic Pong in 2019, a video art piece that depicts a game of Pong superimposed over aerial footage of traffic over Paulista Avenue in São Paulo. The vehicles would interact with the ball and affect the game at large.

## Books

* (2000) Fresh Dialogue 1, New Voices in Graphic Design (with Nicholas Blechman, Paul Sahre and Paula Scher). ISBN 978-1-56898-223-6.
* (2005) 100% Evil (with Nicholas Blechman and Chip Kidd). ISBN 978-1-56898-526-8.
* (2007) The Police Cloud. ISBN 978-0-375-83963-4.
* (2007) The Boy with Two Belly Buttons (with Stephen J. Dubner). ISBN 978-0-06-113402-9.
* (2008) The Pet Dragon: A Story about Adventure, Friendship, and Chinese Characters.
** (2008) in German: Der kleine Drache. ISBN 978-3-941087-00-2.
* (2009) Windsbraut written by T.C.Boyle, illustrated by Christoph Niemann.
* (2010) SUBWAY. ISBN 978-0-06-157779-6.
* (2010) I LEGO N.Y.. ISBN 978-0-8109-8490-5.
** (2010) I LEGO N.Y. (German edition) ISBN 978-3-86873-279-5.
* (2011) That's How. ISBN 978-0-06-201963-9.
* (2012) Abstract City. (English edition) ISBN 978-1-4197-0207-5.
** (2012) Abstract City - Mein Leben unterm Strich. (German edition) ISBN 978-3-86873-456-0.
* (2012) Der Kartoffelkönig. ISBN 978-3-941087-49-1.
* Niemann, Christoph & Nicholas Blechman. Conversations.
* Niemann, Christoph. Souvenir.
* Niemann, Christoph. Sunday sketching.
* Niemann, Christoph. Hopes and dreams.
* Niemann, Christoph. Zoo.
* Niemann, Christoph. Pianoforte.
# Île aux Pommes

L'île aux Pommes is a tiny natural island in the St. Lawrence River located in the region of Trois-Pistoles, in Bas-Saint-Laurent, in Quebec, Canada, some 250 km (160 mi) east of Quebec City. This island is therefore part of the province of Quebec (Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence), according to the Directory of Protected Areas in Quebec.

## Toponymy and location

The name of Île aux Pommes comes from the presence of cranberries during the time of New France, which were called "potatoes" at the time. One of the first mentions comes from an anonymous document referring to the diary of Louis-Joseph de Montcalm.

## Protection of the territory

Steps have been taken in this direction by the owner and on 19 May 2004, the Île-aux-Pommes nature reserve was recognized as a protected area for a perpetual period by the Minister of the Environment, under the Natural Heritage Conservation Act. Île aux Pommes is the first island in the St. Lawrence Estuary to enjoy such status. This small piece of land and rock has belonged for four generations (1927) to the Déry family who devoted leisure and money to giving this part of the country an oasis of peace for the migratory birds that come to nest there.
These efforts were underlined by obtaining an award in 2007. The owner of Île aux Pommes, Mr. Gaston Déry, received the Phénix de l'environnement du Québec, for the enhancement of natural environments and of biodiversity.
# Caudellia declivella

Caudellia declivella is a species of snout moth in the genus Caudellia. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1881, and is known from Panama and Colombia.
# Cambodian French (disambiguation)

Cambodian French or French Cambodian may refer to:
* Cambodian French (linguistics), the dialect of French spoken in Cambodia
* Cambodians in France
* Mixed race people of Cambodian and French descent
# Cooper-MG

The Cooper-MG is a series of two MG-powered sports cars that were designed, developed and built by Cooper Cars between 1950 and 1953. They were called the Cooper T14 and the Cooper T21, respectively. They actively competed in motor racing between 1950 and 1961. In that period, the MG-powered Coopers scored a total of 23 wins and 82 podium finishes between the two cars, and 2 pole positions. They were both power by the 1,250–1,500 cc (76–92 cu in) MG XPAG engine.
# Woodland edge

A woodland edge or forest edge is the transition zone (ecotone) from an area of woodland or forest to fields or other open spaces. Certain species of plants and animals are adapted to the forest edge, and these species are often more familiar to humans than species only found deeper within forests. A classic example of a forest edge species is the white-tailed deer in North America.

## The woodland edge on maps

On topographic maps woods and forests are generally depicted in a soft green colour. Their edges are – like other features – usually determined from aerial photographs, but sometimes also by terrestrial survey. However, they only represent a snapshot in time because almost all woods have a tendency to spread or to gradually fill clearings. In addition, working out the exact edge of the wood or forest may be difficult where it transitions into scrub or bushes or the trees thin out slowly. Differences of opinion here often involved several tens of metres. In addition, many cartographers prefer to show even small islands of trees, while others – depending on the scale of the map – prefer more general, continuous lines to demarcate the forest or woodland edges.
For specialised work, aerial photographs or satellite imagery are frequently utilised without having to revise the maps. Cadastral maps cannot show the current situation because for reasons of cost they can only be updated at fairly long intervals and cultural boundaries are not legally binding.

## Woodland edges and biology

On the woodland edge – however it is defined – not only does the flora change, but also the fauna and the soil type. These edge effects mean that many species of animal prefer woodland edges to the heart of the forest, because they have both protection and light – for example, tree pipits and dunnocks. At the woodland edge trees are often different from those inside the wood, as well as hedge vegetation, brambles and low-growing plants. The more gradual the transition from open country to woodland (for example, through intermediate young trees or bushes), the less risk there is that, in stormy weather, wind will blow under the canopy and uproot the outer rows of trees. The structure of the woodland edge and its maintenance is viewed as important in forest management especially during reforestation.
Hunters also use the forest edge for the observation and hunting of wildlife, for example, by using tree stands or hides.
# Karlovy lázně

Karlovy lázně (Czech pronunciation:; meaning "Charles' Spa") is a nightclub in Prague, Czech Republic, situated 50 meters from the eastern end of the Charles Bridge on the bank of the Vltava River. The building housing the club was a bath-house dating from the 14th century, and retains some original features, such as mosaic wall tiling and Roman spa-pools now used as dance floors. The club has five floors, with each floor playing a different style of music, a fact which features heavily in the club's marketing.
Karlovy Lázně is the largest club in Prague, and claims to be the largest nightclub complex in Central Europe.
# Kalangani railway station

Kalangani railway station (station code: KLGN) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station situated in Kalangani, Namakkal district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station is an intermediate station on the newly commissioned Salem Junction–Karur Junction line which became operational in May 2013. The station is operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and comes under the Salem railway division.
# Tomasz Jasiński

Tomasz Jasiński may refer to:
* Tomasz Jasiński (historian) (born 1951), Polish historian
* Tomasz Jasiński (ice hockey) (1916–1998), Polish ice hockey player
# Ōtsuka Museum of Art

The Ōtsuka Museum of Art (大塚国際美術館, Ōtsuka Kokusai Bijutsukan) in Naruto, Tokushima Prefecture is an art museum founded in 1998 and is one of the largest exhibition spaces in Japan.
Established by Otsuka Pharmaceutical as a celebration of its 75th anniversary, it houses over a thousand full-size ceramic reproductions of major works of art, including the Sistine Chapel, Scrovegni Chapel, triclinium of the Villa of the Mysteries, and Guernica. The works are transfer-printed from photographs before being fired and retouched. The purpose of this is to give Japanese people who cannot travel abroad the opportunity to see these famous pieces. A robot named 'Mr Art' gives hour-long gallery talks. The museum cost industrialist Masahito Ōtsuka $400,000,000.

## Gallery

* Otsuka Museum of Art, Tokushima
* Otsuka Museum of Art, Tokushima
* Reproduction of Sistine Chapel
# Tom Murphy (physicist)

Tom Murphy (born January 9, 1970) is a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. He is the project investigator for the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation Project. Professor Murphy completed his Ph.D. in astrophysics at the California Institute of Technology after which he completed a postdoc at the University of Washington - Seattle before becoming a professor at the University of California, San Diego. In 2010 his group was responsible for locating the former Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 rover.
Murphy is also known for his blog "Do The Math" which examines societal issues related to energy production, climate change, and economic growth from an astrophysicist's perspective.
In 2021 Dr. Murphy published Energy and Human Ambitions on a Finite Planet textbook, a physics open educational resource (OER) that includes a version optimized for printing.
# Tom Murphy (Newfoundland politician)

Thomas J. Murphy (May 3, 1937 – August 29, 2018) was a Canadian politician from Newfoundland. He represented St. John's South in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1989 to 1996.
The son of Richard Murphy, he was born in St. John's and was educated at Saint Mary's University. In 1981, Murphy married Gloria Grimes. Murphy was president of the Canadian Society of Safety Engineering.
Murphy was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1989, winning by only two votes; he was reelected in 1993. He was defeated by Tom Osborne when he ran for reelection in 1996.
# Ødevatnet

Ødevatnet (Norwegian) or Evettijärvi (Kven) is a lake located in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 2.83-square-kilometre (1.09 sq mi) lake lies entirely within Øvre Pasvik National Park, to the southeast of the large lake Ellenvatnet. Unlike some other lakes in the area, it lies in a deep fault, giving it a long and narrow profile. The fault continues northeastwards, creating the Revsaksskaret cliff.
# Constitutional Court of the Dominican Republic

The Constitutional Court (TC), created by the Dominican Constitution of 2010, is the supreme court which mission is to guarantee the supremacy of the Constitution, defend the constitutional order and protect fundamental rights (art. 184 of the Constitution).
In order to comply with its powers, expressly conferred by the Constitution and the Organic Law of the Constitutional Court and Constitutional Procedures, No. 137-11, the Constitutional Court issues decisions which are final and irrevocable, and which, at the same time, constitute binding precedents for the public authorities and all the organs of the State. The Constitutional Court is autonomous and independent from the other branches of government and is vested with administrative and budgetary autonomy.
The TC has its headquarters in the municipality of Santo Domingo Oeste, province of Santo Domingo, in front of the Plaza de la Bandera, but may meet in any other place in the Dominican Republic.

## Powers

The Constitutional Court is competent to hear in sole instance:
* Of direct actions of unconstitutionality against laws, decrees, regulations, resolutions and ordinances, at the request of the President of the Republic, of one third of the members of the Senate or of the Chamber of Deputies and of any person with a legitimate and legally protected interest.
* Preventive control of international treaties prior to their ratification by the legislative body.
* To hear conflicts of competence between the branches of government, at the request of one of their holders
* To hear appeals for review filed against jurisdictional decisions that have acquired the authority of irrevocable res judicata after January 26, 2010, and in the cases provided for by Law 137–11;
* To hear appeals for review filed in relation to judgments issued in matters of amparo.

## Composition

The court is composed of thirteen magistrates, appointed by the National Council of the Magistracy for a single nine-year term and gradually renewed every three years.
Since 2021, the current composition is:
* Milton L. Ray Guevara (since 2011)
* Rafael Díaz Filpo (since 2011)
* Lino Vásquez Sámuel (since 2011)
* Víctor Joaquín Castellanos Pizano (since 2011)
* José Alejandro Ayuso (since 2018)
* Alba Luisa Beard Marcos (since 2018)
* Manuel Ulises Bonnelly Vega (since 2021)
* Justo Pedro Castellanos Khoury (since 2011)
* Domingo Antonio Gil (since 2018)
* María del Carmen Santana de Cabrera (since 2021)
* Miguel Aníbal Valera Montero (since 2018)
* José Alejandro Vargas Guerrero (since 2021)
* Eunisis Vásquez Acosta (since 2021)
# Cordwainer Smith Rediscovery Award

The Cordwainer Smith Rediscovery Award honors underread science fiction and fantasy authors, with the intention of drawing renewed attention to the winners. The award was created in 2001 by the Cordwainer Smith Foundation in memory of the science fiction author Cordwainer Smith and has been awarded at the Readercon science fiction convention since 2002.

## Winners

* Olaf Stapledon, 2001
* R. A. Lafferty, 2002
* Edgar Pangborn, 2003
* Henry Kuttner and C.L. Moore, 2004
* Leigh Brackett, 2005
* William Hope Hodgson, 2006
* Daniel F. Galouye, 2007
* Stanley G. Weinbaum, 2008
* A. Merritt, 2009
* Mark Clifton, 2010
* Katherine MacLean, 2011
* Fredric Brown, 2012
* Wyman Guin, 2013
* Mildred Clingerman, 2014
* Clark Ashton Smith, 2015
* Judith Merril, 2016
* Seabury Quinn, 2017
* Frank M. Robinson, 2018
* Carol Emshwiller, 2019
* Rick Raphael [de], 2020
* D. G. Compton, 2021
* No award given due to cancellation of 2022 Readercon
* Josephine Saxton [de], 2023
* Clare Winger Harris, 2024
# Copybook

Copybook may refer to:
* Copybook (calligraphy), a book containing examples of calligraphic script
* Copybook (comics), a self-published and self-made work by fans or original fiction published using a copy machine
* Copybook (education), a book used in education that contains examples of handwriting and blank space for learners to imitate
* Copybooks, files that are mentioned in include directives in many programming languages
# Corfe (surname)

Corfe is a surname, and may refer to:
* Arthur Corfe (1878–1949), New Zealand rugby union player
* Arthur Thomas Corfe (1773–1863), English organist and composer
* Charles Corfe (1843–1921), Bishop in Korea
* Charles Corfe (headmaster) (1847–1935), New Zealand cricketer and headmaster
* Joffa Corfe (born 1964), Australian rules football supporter
* Joseph Corfe (1740–1820), English organist and composer
* Melissa Corfe (born 1986), South African swimmer
# Tomares ballus

Tomares ballus, the Provence hairstreak or cardenillo, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula, northern Africa and along the Mediterranean coast of France.

## Description in Seitz

T. ballus F. (75 d, e). male above dark brown, with traces of small red spots in the anal area of the hindwing. In the (larger) female the forewing red-yellow except the costal and distal margins, there being a similarly coloured ovate band-like spot before the distal margin of the hindmargin. The underside of both sexes recalls that of Chrysophanus phlaeas, but the basal area of the hindwing is dusted with verdigris. French Riviera, Spain, North Africa. — The egg green, somewhat flat, with a network of polygonals, laid singly on the upperside of leaves of Boujeania hispida. Larva rather thick, not so flat as in many other Lycaenids, the segments swollen, separated from each other by deep incisions; greenish yellow, with bluish dorsal stripe and a red-brown lateral one, there being thin oblique streaks between them; until the end of May in the pods of the food-plant. Pupa ovate, rounded everywhere, with shallow minute puncturation; as far as known the larva pupates free on the ground. The butterflies from February till April in places where the food-plant grows, often exceedingly plentiful. The specimen, when covered with the net, often drops to the ground and conceals itself in the grass. The wingspan is 28–30 mm. The butterfly flies from January to April.
The larvae feed on Astragalus lusitanicus, Medicago, Dorycnium, Lotus and Anthyllis.
# Eastern Lakes State

Eastern Lakes State was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Bahr el Ghazal region and it bordered Southern Liech to the north, Western States to the west, Amadi to the southwest, Terekeka to the southeast, and Jonglei to the east.

## History

On 2 October 2015, President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established states. The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. A number of opposition parties and civil society groups challenged the constitutionality of the decree. Kiir later resolved to take it to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment. In November the South Sudanese parliament empowered President Kiir to create new states.
Rin Tuec was appointed Governor on 24 December.

## Geography
### Administrative divisions

After the split up, Eastern Lakes State broke down even further for a total of 8 counties in the state; later 11 and recently 15. The 15 counties are part of the 180 counties in South Sudan. The 15 counties are consisted of the following:
* Former Yirol South County:
** Awerial Centre; headquarters: Awerial
** Awerial East; headquarters: Abuyung
** Awerial North; headquarters: Buna-gok
** Awerial South; headquarters: Guol-yar (Mingkaman)
* Former Yirol East County:
** Adior; headquarters: Adior
** Lou; headquarters: Nyang
** Malek; headquarters: Malek
** Yali; headquarters: Yali
* Former Yirol West County:
** Abang; headquarters: Abang
** Aluakluak; headquarters: Aluakluak
** Anuol; headquarters: Anuol
** Geer; headquarters: Geer
** Madbar; headquarters: Madbar
** Ngop; headquarters: Ngop
** Yirol Centre; headquarters: Yirol Centre
The counties are further sub-divided into payams, and the payams are then further sub-divided into bomas.

## List of governors of Eastern Lakes State

The governors of Eastern Lakes State in the order of first to last are the following:
* Rin Tueny Mabor
* Bor Wutcok Bor
* Mangar Buong Aluenge
# Tommy Adkisson

Tommy "Two-Gun" Adkisson is an American professional Foosball player. He is a multiple world champion. In particular, Adkisson "won 8 major titles during the 1990s", and placed well in several tournaments in the 2007 season.