OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Erik Jensen (American football)

Erik Jensen (born October 11, 1980) is an American former professional football tight end of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the seventh round of the 2004 NFL draft. He played college football at Iowa. Jensen was also a member of the San Francisco 49ers, Pittsburgh Steelers, Dallas Cowboys and Cincinnati Bengals.

## Early life

Jensen attended Appleton East High School in his hometown of Appleton, Wisconsin. He was honorable mention All-conference on both offense and defense as a sophomore. Jensen was a second-team all-state linebacker as a junior and senior and was a unanimous First-team All-conference selection as both fullback and linebacker in final two prep seasons.
His career totals on offense include 455 attempts for 2,808 yards and 44 touchdowns, an average of 6.2 yards per carry and also had 41 receptions for 607 yards and six touchdowns. As a senior rushed for 1, 463 yards on 221 attempts and scored 24 touchdowns, with 14 catches for 245 yards and two scores. Jensen rushed for 1,104 yards and 12 touchdowns as a junior. His career defensive totals include 375 tackles, with 145 solo stops and 230 assists with 20 tackles for loss, nine interceptions, 13 caused fumbles, 13 recovered fumbles, 12 knockdowns and nine QB sacks. He totaled 154 tackles and five interceptions as a senior and 133 tackles as a junior. He also competed in baseball and powerlifting as a prep. As a senior won state title in powerlifting, lifting a career-best total of 1,450 pounds in the bench press, squat and dead-lift.

## College career

Jensen attended the University of Iowa, where he played for the Iowa Hawkeyes football team. After redshirting in 1999, he played in nine games in 2000 and had two catches for 37 yards and one touchdown. In 2001 Jensen played in 11 of 12 games. In 2002, he was Academic All-Big Ten. He saw action in first two games of the year but missed the remaining games with an injury. As a senior in 2003, Jensen was Academic All-Big Ten after catching 16 passes for 182 yards for an 11.4 average and one touchdown. He played as a backup to Dallas Clark for much of his career, recording 24 catches in four seasons.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press | Wonderlic |
| 6 ft 2+1⁄4 in (1.89 m) | 254 lb (115 kg) | 4.63 s | x s | x s | 4.08 s | 6.65 s | 36 in (0.91 m) | 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) | 23 reps | x |
| from Iowa Pro Day. |||||||||||
Jensen was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the seventh round (237th overall) of the 2004 NFL draft. He signed a three-year contract with the team the following month.
# Cipotegato

The Cipotegato is a tradition of Tarazona that takes place each year on August the 27th at 12:00 noon. The festivities in honor of the patron Saint Atilano, were declared of Regional Interest in 1998 and National Interest in 2009. The Turiasonense mythical character is hooded and dressed as harlequin with the colors yellow, red, and green. The main day of the fiestas of Tarazona, exactly at 12:00 noon, he steps into the square through an open corridor through a crowd of friends and people who help them. Crossing the square, he is pursued by the crowd that throws tomatoes. If the Cipotegato comes out victorious, they will be uploaded to the sculpture erected in his honor at the square. The Cipotegato is elected annually by drawing lots among the Tarazona citizens.

## History

Tarazona had an annual tradition where, during the patron festivities, a prisoner from the local prison was given an opportunity to win freedom. The prisoner was given a stick with a string that ended in a ball (similar to what the Cipotegato currently carries), and was instructed that if he could leave the town was he would be free. The prisoner was then released in the middle of the town square, where the townsfolk would pelt the prisoner with stones as the prisoner attempted to escape the town.
# William Gostwick

William Gostwick may refer to:
* Sir William Gostwick, 1st Baronet (1565–1615), of the Gostwick baronets
* Sir William Gostwick, 4th Baronet (1650–1720), of the Gostwick baronets, MP for Bedfordshire
* Sir William Gostwick, 5th Baronet (d. 1766), of the Gostwick baronets
# Washington School District (disambiguation)

Washington School District or variation, may refer to:
* School District of Washington, Washington, Missouri, US
* Washington School District (Pennsylvania), Washington County, Pennsylvania, US
* Washington School District (Arkansas), Hempstead County in the US
* Washington Elementary School District, Phoenix-Glendale, Arizona, US
* Lake Washington School District, King County, U.S. state of Washington, US
* Metropolitan School District of Washington Township, Indianapolis, Indiana, US
* Washington County School District (disambiguation)
* Washington Local School District (disambiguation)
* School districts in the U.S. state of Washington, see List of school districts in Washington
* District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS), the school district for Washington, DC.
* District of Columbia Public Charter School Board, a separate institution from DCPS that governs public charter schools in Washington, DC.
# Epistrophe grossulariae

Epistrophe grossulariae is a Holarctic species of hoverfly.

## Description

External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera Wing length 9-12·25 mm. Thorax dull greenish. Tergite 4 with entire yellow band. At least anterior femora dark at base, sometimes hind also. Frons black above lunule and at least half black-haired. Female has a bronzy-green area on upper part of frons. Yellow bands on tergites 3 and 4 straight. Tergite 5 with black band.
Male genitalia are figured by Hippa (1968) . The larva is illustrated by Rotheray (1993)

## Distribution

Palaearctic and Nearctic Fennoscandia South to Spain, Italy and Yugoslavia. Ireland eastwards through Turkey Russia to Kamchatka. In North America from Alaska to Quebec and South to California.

## Biology

Habitat is deciduous woodland, particularly along rivers and streams, Salix swamp woodland, alpine grassland. Found in clearings, tracksides and beside streams. Flowers visited include white umbellifers, Centaurea, Cirsium, Filipendula, Geranium, Knautia, Rhododendron, Rubus, Sambucus nigra, Succisa, Valeriana. The flight period is end June to September. The larva feeds on aphids.
# Ivan Esaulov

Ivan A. Esaulov is the author of numerous articles and five monographs, of which the most recent are Paschal’nost’ russokoj slovesnosti (Paschal’nost’ of Russian Literature) (2004), Kategoriia sobornosti v russkoi literature (The Category of Sobornost’ in Russian Literature) (1995), and Spektr adekvatnosti v istolkovanii literaturnogo proizvedenija (The Spectrum of Adequacy in the Interpretation of the Literary Work) (1997). He was also an editor of the periodical Postsymbolizm kak javlenie kul’tury (1995–2003) and founder of the web site www.postsymbolism.ru. His main area of specialization is in poetics of Old Russian and Russian literature, and the philosophy of religion.

## Articles in English

* 'The Categories of Law and Grace in Dostoevsky's Poetics', in Dostoevsky and the Christian Tradition, ed. D.O. Thompson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 116-133.
* 'Sobornost' in Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature', in Cultural Discontinuity and Reconstruction, ed. J.B.I. Lunde (Oslo: Solum forlag A/S, 1997), pp. 29-45.
* 'Two Facets of Comedic Space in Russian Literature of the Modern Period: Holy Foolishness and Buffoonery', in Reflective Laughter: Aspects of Humour in Russian Culture, ed. L. Milne (London: Anthem Press, 2004), pp. 73-84.
* 'Crusifixion of the Resurrected and the Paschal Archetype of Russian Culture', in Celebrating Creativity: Essays in Honour of Jostein Boertnes, ed. I. Lunde (Bergen: University of Bergen, 1997), pp. 271-278.
* 'The Paschal Archetype of Russian Literature and the Structure of Boris Pasternak's Novel Doctor Zhivago', Literature & Theology 20 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 63-78.
* This biographical article about a philosophy of religion scholar is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cognitive retention therapy

Cognitive retention therapy (CRT), also known as the Ashby Memory Method, is a cognitive therapy for dementia, based on the research of Dr. Mira Ashby. It is adapted from her programs for brain injury rehabilitation, for which she won the Order of Canada in 1984. CRT is a specifically tailored program to work for the damage done by Alzheimer's disease and other dementia. Combining word exercises, visual stimulation, a process called errorless learning, Stroop exercises and many other techniques from Dr. Ashby's research, CRT creates personalized activities based on participant's interests to stimulate all 5 senses. CRT is currently undergoing formal clinical studies, but has been presented at different seminars and conventions including the 28th National Conference of the Alzheimer Society of Canada in Toronto, Ontario; and has received positive feedback as a plausible treatment option.
# Calnexin

Calnexin (CNX) is a 67kDa integral protein (that appears variously as a 90kDa, 80kDa, or 75kDa band on western blotting depending on the source of the antibody) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It consists of a large (50 kDa) N-terminal calcium-binding lumenal domain, a single transmembrane helix and a short (90 residues), acidic cytoplasmic tail. In humans, calnexin is encoded by the gene CANX.

## Function

Calnexin is a chaperone, characterized by assisting protein folding and quality control, ensuring that only properly folded and assembled proteins proceed further along the secretory pathway. It specifically acts to retain unfolded or unassembled N-linked glycoproteins in the ER.
Calnexin binds only those N-glycoproteins that have GlcNAc2Man9Glc1 oligosaccharides. These monoglucosylated oligosaccharides result from the trimming of two glucose residues by the sequential action of two glucosidases, I and II. Glucosidase II can also remove the third and last glucose residue. If the glycoprotein is not properly folded, an enzyme called UGGT (for UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase) will add the glucose residue back onto the oligosaccharide thus regenerating the glycoprotein's ability to bind to calnexin. The improperly-folded glycoprotein chain thus loiters in the ER and the expression of EDEM/Htm1p which eventually sentences the underperforming glycoprotein to degradation by removing one of the nine mannose residues. The mannose lectin Yos-9 (OS-9 in humans) marks and sorts misfolded glycoproteins for degradation. Yos-9 recognizes mannose residues exposed after α-mannosidase removal of an outer mannose of misfolded glycoproteins.
Calnexin associates with the protein folding enzyme ERp57 to catalyze glycoprotein specific disulfide bond formation and also functions as a chaperone for the folding of MHC class I α-chain in the membrane of the ER. As newly synthesized MHC class I α-chains enter the endoplasmic reticulum, calnexin binds on to them retaining them in a partly folded state.
After the β2-microglobulin binds to the MHC class I peptide-loading complex (PLC), calreticulin and ERp57 take over the job of chaperoning the MHC class I protein while the tapasin links the complex to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) complex. This association prepares the MHC class I for binding an antigen for presentation on the cell surface.
A prolonged association of calnexin with mutant misfolded PMP22 known to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease leads to the sequestration, degradation and inability of PMP22 to traffic to the Schwann cell surface for myelination. After repeated rounds of calnexin binding, mutant PMP22 is modified by ubiquitin for degradation by the proteasome as well as a Golgi to ER retrieval pathway to return any misfolded PMP22 that escaped from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.
The x-ray crystal structure of calnexin revealed a globular lectin domain and a long hydrophobic arm extending out.

## Cofactors

ATP and calcium ions are cofactors involved in substrate binding for calnexin.
# Eric Conte

Eric Conte (born 1956) is a French Polynesian historian and archeologist, who served as President of the University of French Polynesia from 2011 to 2017.
Conte is a professor of Oceanian ethnoarchaeology at the University of French Polynesia, specialising in the settlement of eastern Polynesia and the evolution of its pre-European societies. Since 2006 he has directed UPF's International Center for Archeological Research in Polynesia.
In June 2011 he was elected president of the UPF following the resignation of Louise Peltzer. He was re-elected as president in April 2013. In 2016 he oversaw the establishment of a center for human sciences in the Pacific. His term as president ended in April 2017, and he was replaced by Patrick Capolsini.
In May 2019 he edited Une histoire de Tahiti, des origines à nos jours ("A history of Tahiti, from its origins to the present day"), a collective work covering the history of eastern Polynesia.
In April 2023 he published Sur le chemin des étoiles ("On the way to the stars"), a work on Polynesian navigation.
# Jiblat Al Faraj

Jiblat Al Faraj is a village in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate.
# CHIVA method

CHIVA method is a type of surgery used to treat varicose veins that occur as a result of long term venous insufficiency. The term is a French acronym for Conservatrice Hémodynamique de l'Insuffisance Veineuse en Ambulatoire (ambulatory conservative hemodynamic treatment venous insufficiency).
The method is based on the assumption that the symptoms of varicose veins are mainly the expression of an hemodynamic circulatory disorder, induced by various venous system malfunctions. CHIVA attempts to improve symptoms and signs without destroying the veins which remain available for vascular by pass.
A very detailed PDF document on the principles of the CHIVA method is available online : Venous insufficiency of the pelvis and lower limbs

## Procedure

CHIVA involves Doppler ultrasonography to assess the hemodynamics. Specifically the ultrasound study is to figure out where in the venous system the reflux begins.
Then an operation is performed under local anesthesia, consisting of a few incisions and tying off of veins (usually one to four), without venous ablation. The ties are placed according to the ultrasound mapping. Areas where the veins are varicose may also be removed.

## Clinical trials

One study found that with CHIVA, recurrences was 18% rather than 35% with high ligation and stripping after 10 years follow-up. Patient symptoms at 10 years, however, did not differ.
The CHIVA and the stripping methods are equivalent regarding recurrence of varicose veins, but the CHIVA method may slightly reduce nerve injury and hematoma. The CHIVA method is also equivalent to either radio frequency ablation or endovenous laser therapy regarding recurrence and side effects.
But a subsequently published network meta-analysis of 39 RCTs on 6917 limbs showed the greatest long-term efficacy of the method, as well as the lowest recurrence rate.
# Watson Lake Water Aerodrome

Watson Lake Water Aerodrome (TC LID: CEJ9) is located 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) west of Watson Lake, Yukon, Canada.
# Epistrophella

Epistrophella is a genus of hoverflies in the subfamily Syrphinae, formerly treated as a subgenus of Epistrophe.

## Species

* Epistrophella coronata (Rondani, 1857)
* Epistrophella emarginata (Say, 1823)
* Epistrophella euchromus (Kowarz, 1885)
* Epistrophella shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917)
# Jean Pierre Ginnett

Jean Pierre Ginnett (né Ginet; 6 August 1798 – January 1861) was a French-born circus proprietor working in Britain, who founded the Ginnett circus dynasty.

## Biography

He was born in Solaize, France. According to family tradition, he and other members of the family fought in the French cavalry at Waterloo in 1815, and were captured. As prisoners of war, they were shipped to England and later released. Ginnett remained in England, and set up a show with performing ponies and canaries at Ludgate Circus in London. He also worked as a horse breeder, probably in association with equestrian performer Andrew Ducrow. In 1825, he married Ann Partridge of Leigh-on-Sea, in London.
He founded Ginnett's Circus in Nottingham in 1841. By 1858, Ginnett's touring operation was billed as "a mammoth circus & matchless troupe of equestrians [with a] stud of 70 blood horses and fairy ponies." The show included re-enactments of Dick Turpin's ride to York, and of the storming of Delhi, together with clowns.
Jean Pierre Ginnett died in London in 1861 and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

## Later developments

His son, John Frederick Ginnett (1825 in London – 1892) and three grandsons Claude (b. Bath, 1857–1911), Frederick Emile (b. Sheffield, 1859–1924) and Albert (b. Southampton, 1864–1894) followed him in developing the circus. His daughter was the equestrian circus performer Marie Macarte and his granddaughters the high-wire and strongwoman act the Macarte Sisters.
In 1876, the Ginnetts' first permanent circus building was opened at Park Crescent Place in Brighton; it later became the Gaiety Theatre before being demolished in about 1930. In the 1890s, the Brighton Hippodrome was built to commemorate the golden jubilee of the founding of the circus. John Frederick Ginnett is buried in the family vault in Woodvale Cemetery and Crematorium in Brighton.
The circus itself operated until the 1930s, and was later revived by family members.
# Calo

Calo, Caló, or Calò may refer to:
* Caló, the language of the Iberian Romani
** Iberian Kale (calé):
*** Romani people in Spain, more frequently called gitanos
*** Romani people in Portugal, more frequently called ciganos
* Caló (Chicano), argot or slang of Mexican-American Spanish
* CALO, the Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes, a DARPA project
* Calo (Roman fort), a Roman army encampment near Xanten.
People:
* Calò (surname), an Italian surname
* Caló (surname), a Spanish and Portuguese surname
* Super Caló, stage name of Mexican professional wrestler Rafael García
Calo, Calones
# Yuri Shvets (disambiguation)

Yuri Shvets may refer to:
* Yuri Shvets (KGB officer), former Soviet KGB officer, former Rezident spy of the PGU KGB SSSR in USA.
* Yuri Pavlovich Shvets (1902—1972), Soviet cinematic artist.
# Kate Cruise O'Brien

Katherine Alexandra Cruise O'Brien (26 May 1948 – 26 March 1998) was an Irish writer.
The third and youngest child of Irish politician and diplomat Conor Cruise O'Brien and Christine Foster, she was born in Dublin, and grew up in Howth. She went to school in Dublin and studied English at Trinity College Dublin. Her mother, Christine Foster, was born in Derry and was raised in Belfast. Christine's father, Alec Foster, was headmaster of Belfast Royal Academy, and played international rugby for Ireland and the British and Irish Lions.
While still at university, Kate Cruise O'Brien published her first short story and shortly afterwards, at the age of 22 she won the Hennessy Literary Award. She graduated in 1971 and married Joseph Kearney, son of a former secretary to the Department of Defence. She returned to university to study for a Higher Diploma in Education. Unable to find a teaching post she started a small nursery for the children of working mothers.
Her first book, A Gift Horse, a collection of short stories, won her the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature. Seán Ó Faoláin described it as containing "the seed of genius". She later became a literary editor with the Poolbeg Press, and became well known for her canny knack for uncovering new talent.

## Personal life

In 1971, she married Joseph Kearney; the couple had one child. Kate Cruise O'Brien died suddenly in 1998 in Dublin.

## Works

* A Gift Horse, and Other Stories (1977), Poolbeg Press
* The Homesick Garden (1991), Poolbeg Press
* If Only: Short Stories of Love and Divorce (1997), Poolbeg Press (co-editor)
* In Sunshine Or in Shadow (1999), Poolbeg Press (co-editor)
# Jianzhuke Shu

The Jianzhuke Shu (simplified Chinese: 谏逐客书; traditional Chinese: 諫逐客書; pinyin: Jiànzhúkè Shū; lit. 'Petition against the Expulsion of Guests') was a petition to Ying Zheng, King of Qin, written by Li Si in 243 BC. Written in response to an order to expel all officers serving in the State of Qin who were not born in Qin, it successfully persuaded Ying Zheng to rescind the expulsion order, and also began Li Si's career as a leading politician in Qin.

## Background

During the Warring States period, it was common practice for learned men whose careers might have been frustrated in their homelands to travel to other countries in search of service and patronage. Li Si himself was such an individual, having been born in the State of Chu but unable to progress in an official career there.
The initial policy of openness to outsiders changed in 244 BC, due to the controversy surrounding the Zhengguo Canal; the State of Han had dispatched Zheng Guo, a skilled engineer, to Qin on the pretext of helping them build an irrigation canal. Subsequently, however, it was discovered that this was really a scheme by Han to weaken Qin by diverting its resources towards canal construction. At the instigation of a clique of officials within the Qin court, suspicion soon became widened to include all guest officers from outside Qin, and Ying Zheng issued an order to expel all foreigners.
Li Si, himself a foreigner, was also caught up in the purge; his petition was composed while he was being expelled from Qin.
Ying Zheng finally accepted Li Si's suggestion and withdrew the order. Twenty years later, Ying Zheng unified ancient China and became the first Emperor of China, thus marking the establishment of the unified Qin dynasty.
# Richard Ewart

Richard Ewart (15 September 1904 – 8 March 1953) was a Labour Party politician in England. He was elected at the 1945 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Sunderland. When that 2-seat constituency was divided for the 1950 general election, he was returned for the new Sunderland South constituency, which re-elected him in 1951. He died in office in 1953, aged 48.
# Chege

Chege is a surname of Kenyan origin that may refer to:
* Laban Chege (born 1969), Kenyan long-distance runner
* Lucy Chege (born 1976), Kenyan volleyball player
* Sabina Wanjiru Chege (born 1972), Kenyan politician
* Chege W. Chege (born 1989), Kenyan Linguist, Literature guru, and owner of Chania FM, Kenya