OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Inttranet

The Inttranet is a multilingual portal for and global network of professional interpreters and translators, fully compatible with ISO 9001 quality assurance requirements, and was officially inaugurated in October 2002.
Its purpose is to provide all the functions required by professional interpreters and translators and the users of their services, and to enable access to those services in any language, in accordance with UNESCO's "Access to All" program.
Launched after two years of development, with input from the heads of the translation departments of UNESCO, the European Commission, the Council of Europe, the European Parliament (freelance section), and professional interpreters and translators from 26 countries, the portal is currently (2006) available in 33 languages, but has been designed to be translated and interoperable in any other.
One of the unique features of the Inttranet is the capacity to automatically display member CVs in the language of the visitor to the portal.
The portal also includes a multilingual terminology database (Terminal), compatible with ISO 12616, designed to store and share specific translation terms used by Inttranet members and their customers. It is capable of displaying the search interface as well as the source and target terms in any three different languages.
The Inttranet also comprises an external search system linked to Inttranet CVs that can be hosted as a piece of HTML code on any third-party website (Exttranet), thereby constituting a genuinely global (multilingual) search and display system for users of the services of professional interpreters and translators.
The portal was approved for inclusion in the UNESCO Observatory for the Information Society in January 2006.
# Concórdia do Pará

Concórdia do Pará is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil.
# Shirgjan

Shirgjan is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Elbasan. The population at the 2011 census was 7,307. The municipal unit consists of the villages Bathes, Bujqes, Jagodine, Kuqan, Kryezjarr, Mjekes and Shirgjan.
# Immigration Act 2014

The Immigration Act 2014 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received Royal Assent on 14 May 2014. The act makes provision to prevent private landlords from renting houses to people without legal status, to prevent illegal immigrants from obtaining driving licences and bank accounts and for the investigation of sham marriages. Landlords who rent housing to illegal migrants without carrying out these checks will bear civil liability. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in a civil penalty of no more than £3,000.
Only six Labour MPs opposed the Act; Diane Abbott, Jeremy Corbyn, Kelvin Hopkins, John McDonnell, Fiona Mactaggart and Dennis Skinner.
The Act removes key protections for Commonwealth citizens residing in the United Kingdom that existed in the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 which was a major preceding factor in the Windrush scandal that involved at least 83 wrongful deportations.
# Vernonanthura polyanthes

Vernonanthura polyanthes is a species of Neotropical plant in the tribe Vernonieae.

## Description

It is a shrub or small tree, bearing white flowers in terminal heads during late winter (July to August). Its vertical bole and dull green, oblong-lanceolate leaves may remind of a Eucalyptus species.

## Range and habitat

It is native to Brazil but was introduced to Sussundenga, Mozambique, in the early 1990s from where it quickly spread to Zimbabwe. In Africa it is a dominant invasive species, but it appears to compete best in disturbed areas along roadsides or along forest margins. It has invaded higher altitudes in lower densities.

## Uses and agricultural impact

Its ample nectar supplies nourishment to bees in winter. For that reason it was introduced to Mozambique, but it also takes over fallow lands, where their eradication is labour-intensive.
# Healthy Enterprise

Healthy environment is a standard whose registrar is the Bureau de Normalisation du Québec. The standard aims to recognize companies that have implemented actions of workplace health promotion and workplace wellness.

## History

The standard was developed in 2008. Its development was funded by the Commission for the Health and Security of Workers, Desjardins Financial Security, the Quebec Ministry of Health and by Power Corporation of Canada.
To this date, 53 companies have met the standards that are required to be certified as Healthy Enterprise's.

## Requirements

The standard has 5 main requirements:
* Executive engagement in practices that promote health and wellness in the workplace;
* The institution of a health and wellness committee that collects suggestions from employees;
* Perform data collection to establish a clear picture of employee health;
* Implement strategies or activities to promote health or prevent disease;
* Evaluate activities that have been implemented
To be recognized a company has to act in at least two of the following areas of action:
* Healthy behaviors (mandatory)
* Management practices
* Workplace environment
* Work–life balance
# Brzostowo

Brzostowo may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Brzostowo, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Brzostowo, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Brzostowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Brzostowo, Pyrzyce County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Brzostowo, Szczecinek County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Selenenic acid

A selenenic acid is an organoselenium compound and an oxoacid with the general formula RSeOH, where R ≠ H. It is the first member of the family of organoselenium oxoacids, which also include seleninic acids and selenonic acids, which are RSeO$_2$H and RSeO$_3$H, respectively. Selenenic acids derived from selenoenzymes are thought to be responsible for the antioxidant activity of these enzymes. This functional group is sometimes called SeO-selenoperoxol.

## Properties

In contrast to selenonic and seleninic acids, selenenic acids are unstable with respect to a self-condensation reaction to form the corresponding selenoseleninates or disproportionation into corresponding seleninic acids and diselenides:
    2 RSeOH → RSe(O)SeR + H$_2$O
    2 RSeOH → RSeO$_2$H + 1/2 RSeSeR
Even the very bulky 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylbenzeneselenenic acid disproportionates readily. A stable selenenic acid was synthesized by burying the SeOH functional group within the cavity of a p-tert-butyl[calix[6]arene macrocycle]. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the Se-O bond length to be 1.763 Å. The Se-O absorbs in the IR spectrum at 680–700 cm$^{−1}$. In a stable selenenic acid prepared by oxidizing a highly hindered selenol, BmtSeH, the Se-O bond length was found to be 1.808 Å while the O-Se-C angle was 96.90°. Oxidation of BmtSeOH gave BmtSeO$_2$H.
Selenenic acids are believed to be transient intermediates in a number of redox reactions involving organoselenium compounds. One notable example is the syn-elimination of selenoxides. Selenenic acids are also transient intermediates in the reduction of seleninic acids as well as the oxidation of diselenides. The reasoning for postulating selenenic acids as reactive intermediates is based in part on analogy with their more extensively studied sulfenic acid analogs.

## Biology

Selenenic acids derived from selenocysteine are involved in cell signaling and certain enzymatic processes. The best known selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalyzes the reduction of peroxides by glutathione (GSH). The selenenic acid intermediate (E-SeOH) is formed upon oxidation of the catalytically active selenol (E-SeH) by hydrogen peroxide. This selenenic acid derivative of the peroxidase then reacts with a thiol-containing cofactor (GSH) to generate the key intermediate selenenyl sulfide (E-SeSG). This intermediate is subsequently attacked by a second GSH to regenerate the selenol and the glutathione cofactor is released in its oxidized form, GSSG. The catalytic mechanism of GPx, involves selenol (R-SeH), selenenyl sulfide (R1-SeS-R2), and selenenic acid intermediates.
    RSeH + H$_2$O$_2$ → RSeOH + H$_2$O
    RSeOH + GSH → GS-SeR + H$_2$O
    GS-SeR + GSH → GS-SG + RSeH
In the absence of thiols, selenols tend to overoxidize to produce seleninic acids. Many organoselenium compounds (selenenamides, diaryl diselenides) contain "interesting" biological activities. Their activity is attributed to their mimicry of glutathione peroxidase activity. They reduce hydroperoxides that otherwise convert to toxic byproducts and/or reactive oxygen species that can cause further damage to the cell.
# Yoko Ota

Yoko Ota may refer to:
* Yōko Ōta, a Japanese female writer
* Yoko Hunnicutt, née Ota, a Japanese female athlete
# Bulbophyllum leptopus

Bulbophyllum leptopus is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Julius Aquila

Julius Aquila can refer to more than one figure of classical history:
* Gaius Julius Aquila, Roman knight of the mid 1st century, and also a Roman consul from the late 1st century
* Julius Gallus Aquila, Roman jurist, who probably lived in the 2nd century CE
# Yoshiro Sotokoba

Yoshiro Sotokoba (外木場 義郎, Sotokoba Yoshiro, born June 1, 1945 in Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan) is a Japanese former Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher. Sotokoba threw a perfect game in 1968. He was also inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013.
# János Horváth

János Horváth may refer to:
* János Horváth (politician) (1921 – 2019), Hungarian-American economist and politician
* John Horvath (mathematician) - (born János Horváth in 1924 – died 2015), Hungarian-American mathematician
# János Hebling

János Hebling (in Hungarian: Hebling János) is a Hungarian physicist, known for his preliminary works at Terahertz physics and spectroscopy. He was born at Zirc on 9 May 1954 and currently works as a professor at the Institute of Physics at University of Pécs and is an active researcher at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and ELI.

## Life

He graduated from the University of Szeged in 1978 with a degree in physics and then obtained his doctorate in 1981. He became a candidate of physical sciences in 1992 and defended his doctoral dissertation at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 2003. Between 2008 and 2018 he was the head of the Institute of Physics at the Faculty of Science of the University of Pécs; since 2012 he has been the head of the MTA-PTE High Intensity Terahertz Research Group, and since 2013 he has been the head of the PTE Doctoral School of Physics. He is well known for his preliminary works on terahertz physics and spectroscopy, laser physics, nonlinear optics, production and application of THz pulses and laser-driven particle accelerators. He was awarded the Széchenyi Prize and the Gábor Dénes prize for his notable contributions in these areas.

## Notable works

* Excimer laser development and production technique of short light pulses by excimer laser (1978—1987).
* Production of ultrashort light pulse with a mode-synchronized dye laser, its amplification and its application
* The new production technique of ultrashort light pulses with titanium-sapphire laser and optical parametric oscillator (1988)
* From 1998 he has continued studies about the production of THz pulses using ultrashort laser pulses and its application in solid state physics, biophysics, the theoretical study of optical parametric oscillators, the study of basic optical relations in this frequency regime.
* In 2002 he and his colleagues introduced a technique of velocity matching by pulse front tilting for large area THz-pulse generation
# Hears Premears, Vol. 1: Music from Disney Channel Original Movies

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Hears Premears, Vol. 1: Music from Disney Channel Original Movies is a compilation album of various songs featured in Disney Channel Original Movies. Released on November 16, 1999 by Hollywood Records, at least one song from a Disney Channel film released at the time (between 1997–1999) is represented on the compilation, with the exception of Halloweentown. Despite the implications of the title, no direct follow-up volumes were released, until a very similar compilation, Disney Channel Hits: Take 2 (2005), was released over five years later.

## Track listing

* "Sooner or Later" - Fastball (from Brink!)
* "C'est la Vie" - B*Witched (from Smart House)
* "Slam Dunk (Da Funk)" - 5ive (from Smart House)
* "House Is Jumpin'" - Chane Andre (from Smart House)
* "Life Jacket" - Simon Says (from Johnny Tsunami)
* "Crystal 52" - Jeffries Fan Club (from Johnny Tsunami)
* "So Down" - Jesse Camp (from Johnny Tsunami)
* "The Prince You Charmed " - Youngstown (from Genius)
* "Charlie Sees Claire" (score) - Peter Manning Robinson (from Genius)
* "Supernova Girl" - Kristian Rex (from Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century)
* "Zenon Main Title" (score) - Phil Marshall (from Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century)
* "My Thirteenth Year" - Randy Crenshaw (from The Thirteenth Year)
* "Off to the Mall" (score) - David Michael Frank (from You Lucky Dog)
* "Get Down Tonight" - KC and the Sunshine Band (from Under Wraps)
* "Boogie Wonderland" - Earth, Wind & Fire (from Don't Look Under the Bed)
* "Monster Groove" - Mark Mothersbaugh & Bruce Berman (from Can of Worms)
* "Telephone Number" - Rich Creamy Paint (from Horse Sense)
# Julius Schreiber

Julius Schreiber (28 February 1848 in Schrimm – 18 September 1932 in Königsberg) was a German internist.
In 1875, he received his medical doctorate from the University of Königsberg, obtaining his habilitation for internal medicine two years later as a student of Bernhard Naunyn. In 1878 he worked as assistant under Carl Ludwig and Julius Cohnheim at the University of Leipzig. In 1883 he became an associate professor at Königsberg, where in 1886 he was named director of the medical polyclinic. In 1921 he became a full professor at the University of Königsberg.
He was known for his construction of endoscopic instruments that included an early esophagoscope. Among his numerous written efforts were a treatise on the swallowing mechanism, titled "Ueber den Schluckmechanismus" and a work on brain pressure that he co-authored with Dr. Naunyn, "Über Gehirndruck" (1881).
# Semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror

Semiconductor saturable-absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are a type of saturable absorber used in mode locking lasers.
Semiconductor saturable absorbers were used for laser mode-locking as early as 1974 when p-type germanium was used to mode lock a CO$_2$ laser which generated pulses of around 500 picoseconds. Modern SESAMs are III-V semiconductor single quantum well (SQW) or multiple quantum wells grown on semiconductor distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). They were initially used in a Resonant Pulse Modelocking (RPM) scheme as starting mechanisms for Ti:Sapphire lasers which employed KLM as a fast saturable absorber. RPM is another coupled-cavity mode-locking technique. Different from APM lasers which employ non-resonant Kerr-type phase nonlinearity for pulse shortening, RPM employs the amplitude nonlinearity provided by the resonant band filling effects of semiconductors. SESAMs were soon developed into intracavity saturable absorber devices because of more inherent simplicity with this structure. Since then, the use of SESAMs has enabled the pulse durations, average powers, pulse energies and repetition rates of ultra-fast solid-state lasers to be improved by several orders of magnitude. Average power of 60W and repetition rate up to 160 GHz were obtained. By using SESAM-assisted KLM, sub-six-femtosecond pulses directly from a Ti: Sapphire oscillator were achieved.
Ursula Keller invented and demonstrated the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) which demonstrated the first passively mode-locked diode-pumped solid-state laser in 1992. "For almost two decades since then, her group at ETH Zurich has continued to define and push the frontier in ultrafast solid-state lasers both with detailed theoretical models and with world-leading experimental results, demonstrating orders of magnitude improvement in key features such as pulse duration, energy, and repetition rate. She also helped to spearhead industrial transfer of this technology. Today most ultrashort lasers are based on SESAM modelocking, with important industrial applications ranging from optical communication, precision measurements, microscopy, ophthalmology, and micromachining."
A major advantage SESAMs have over other saturable absorber techniques is that absorber parameters can be easily controlled over a wide range of values. For example, saturation fluence can be controlled by varying the reflectivity of the top reflector while modulation depth and recovery time can be tailored by changing the low temperature growing conditions for the absorber layers. This freedom of design has further extended the application of SESAMs into modelocking of fiber lasers where a relatively high modulation depth is needed to ensure self-starting and operation stability. Fiber lasers working at 1 μm and 1.5 μm were successfully demonstrated.
# Sennyo-ji

Sennyo-ji (千如寺) is a Shingon temple in Itoshima, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Its honorary sangō prefix is Sennyo-ji Daihiō-in (千如寺大悲王院). It is also referred to as Raizan Kannon (雷山観音).
According to the legend, Sennyo-ji was founded in the Nara period by Seiga, who came from India as a priest during the period.
Due to its position in the north overlooking the Sea of Genkai, it has been expected from the shogunate as a prayer temple of the foremost line against the Mongol invasions of Japan during the Kamakura period. In its heyday has been said to be lined up to 300 priest living quarters around the temple. Sennyo-ji is a general term of this temple, and it is also referred to as the priest's lodge that was located next to the middle sanctuary, the present day site of Ikazuchi-jinja. The wooden Avalokiteśvara statue is the subject of mountainous faith that has been enshrined in the main hall.
Afterwards the priest living quarters were ruined during the long war between Muromachi and Sengoku periods, there only remains the priest's lodge. In 1573, however, the main hall was founded by Kuroda Tsugutaka, the 6th feudal lord of Kuroda clan. Big maple trees, which has been designated as a natural monument of Fukuoka prefecture, has been said to be planted by him.
Mount Rai has two sanctuaries, one at the middle of the mountain and one at its peak. The middle sanctuary was founded in honor of Emperor Suinin whom he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 29 BC to AD 70. Both sanctuaries have been governed by the temple until the Edo period. However, the priest's lodge in the middle sanctuary was abolished by the separation of Shinto from Buddhism, introduced after the Meiji Restoration. Cultural properties, such as Buddha statues including the main Buddha and the ancient documents, were moved to the main hall.
The temple is also known for being a great place for cherry blossom viewing in the spring, and many people visit in the autumn to see the fall foliage.

## Important Cultural Properties

The 4.8 meter wooden Avalokiteśvara statue in the main hall is the work of the Kamakura period.
# Bulgaria at the 1952 Winter Olympics

Bulgaria competed at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.

## Alpine skiing
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Race 1 | Race 1 | Race 2 | Race 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Georgi Mitrov | Downhill | | | | | 3:44.5 | 64 |
| Dimitar Drazhev | Downhill | | | | | 2:55.6 | 39 |
| Georgi Dimitrov | Downhill | | | | | 2:49.9 | 30 |
| Dimitar Drazhev | Giant Slalom | | | | | 3:17.6 | 72 |
| Georgi Mitrov | Giant Slalom | | | | | 3:07.4 | 65 |
| Georgi Dimitrov | Giant Slalom | | | | | 2:59.5 | 53 |
| Georgi Mitrov | Slalom | 1:22.8 | 69 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Dimitri Atanasov | Slalom | 1:18.7 | 60 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Dimitar Drazhev | Slalom | 1:10.1 | 45 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Georgi Dimitrov | Slalom | 1:07.0 | 32 Q | DSQ | – | DSQ | – |

## Cross-country skiing
### Men

| Event | Athlete | Race | Race |
| Event | Athlete | Time | Rank |
| 18 km | Petar Kovachev | 1'14:35 | 60 |
| 18 km | Ivan Staykov | 1'12:47 | 50 |
| 18 km | Vasil Gruev | 1'12:43 | 49 |
| 18 km | Boris Stoev | 1'11:46 | 42 |
| 50 km | Khristo Donchev | 4'30:35 | 25 |

### Men's 4 × 10 km relay

| Athletes | Race | Race |
| Athletes | Time | Rank |
| Ivan Staykov Petar Kovachev Vasil Gruev Boris Stoev | DNF | – |
# Juwenalia

Juwenalia (Polish, from Latin Iuvenalia - Juvenalia) is an annual higher education students' holiday in Poland, usually celebrated in May, before the summer exam session, sometimes also at the beginning of June.
The first Juwenalia were celebrated in the 15th century in Kraków. Juwenalia are celebrated in all colleges in Poland, with different names depending on a school or a city. At Medical Academies, they are called Medykalia, at Academies of Economy - Ekonomalia. At the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, they are called "Kortowiada", at the University of Opole they are called Piastonalia, at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice - Igry, at the Gdańsk University - Neptunalia, at the University of Zielona Góra - Bachanalia.
Juwenalia start with a triumphant parade of colorfully dressed students. The participants march from a college's campus to the city's main square, where in a symbolic gesture, the mayor of a city hands keys to the city's gates to the students. The three days are free from lectures and filled with concerts, parties, sports events as well as drinking.
# Bulbophyllum papulipetalum

Bulbophyllum papulipetalum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Józef Grzesiak (resistance fighter)

Józef Andrzej Grzesiak, codename Czarny (11 November 1900 in Kraków – 18 September 1975 in Gdańsk, Poland), was a Polish Scoutmaster (harcmistrz). As were the majority of Polish Scoutmasters during the Second World War, he was also a member of the AK-Szare Szeregi resistance organization.