OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-18 (1935)

German submarine U-18 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. It was laid down 10 July 1935 and commissioned on 4 January 1936. It served in many U-boat flotillas during its service.

## Design

German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-18 had a displacement of 279 tonnes (275 long tons) when at the surface and 328 tonnes (323 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (254 t), however. The U-boat had a total length of 42.70 m (140 ft 1 in), a pressure hull length of 28.20 m (92 ft 6 in), a beam of 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in), a height of 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in), and a draught of 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 460 metric horsepower (340 kW; 450 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 35–42 nautical miles (65–78 km; 40–48 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 3,800 nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-18 was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of twenty-five.

## Fate

While a training boat, U-18 sank at 0954 hrs on 20 November 1936 in Lübeck Bay, after a collision with T-156. Eight men died and 12 survived. It was raised on 28 November 1936. It returned to service on 30 September 1937. On 3 September 1939 it attacked a Polish submarine, most probably ORP_Sęp, but missed. Starting late 1942 she served in the 30th U-boat Flotilla, after being transported in sections along the Danube to the Romanian port of Galați. She was then re-assembled by the Romanians at the Galați shipyard and sent to the Black Sea.
On 20 August 1944, in a Soviet air raid on the Romanian harbor of Constanţa in the Black Sea, U-18 was damaged and as a result was deemed not seaworthy and was scuttled on the 25th.
The boat was raised by the USSR in late 1944. It was sunk for target practice by the Soviet submarine M-120 on 26 May 1947 off Sevastopol (also sunk that day was the former U-24).

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 18 November 1939 | Parkhill | United Kingdom | 500 | Sunk |
| 24 January 1940 | Bisp | Norway | 1,000 | Sunk |
| 29 August 1943 | TSC-11 Dzhalita | Soviet Navy | 400 | Sunk |
| 30 August 1943 | SKA-0132 | Soviet Navy | 56 | Damaged |
| 18 November 1943 | Josif Stalin | Soviet Union | 7,745 | Damaged |
# Queho

Queho (born around 1880; his name was also spelled Quehoe on his grave or Quejo in other sources) was a Native American outlaw and renegade whose exploits became part of Nevada legend. Many deaths were blamed on Queho and so he earned the title of being the first mass murderer in the state of Nevada and "The Mad Indian".

## Biography

Queho was an outcast, being called a "half-breed" in the days when being half Native American was not accepted. Queho's mother was from the Cocopah tribe. Queho was speculated to be partially Mexican, his mother died shortly after birth.
Queho took odd jobs around Eldorado Canyon. He is said to have killed his half-brother and a 100-year-old blind Indian known to Queho as Canyon Charlie. Queho had a club foot, which left a distinctive impression when he was being trailed. He is alleged to have eluded posses and killed for food and supplies. Some say the fugitive Queho was not responsible for all of the murders that took place around the time period he lived. Others say he was a cold-blooded killer who would do anything to stay alive and survive. Queho was blamed for the death of Maude ("Daisy") J. Douglas after a search outside the cabin at the Techatticup Mine in Nelson, Nevada. Settlers said Queho cursed the land. They called it "The Curse of Queho." In March 1919, the reward for capturing Queho "dead or alive" increased from an initial bounty of $1,000 to $3,000. In 1921, Queho was reported to have been sighted near the Colorado River.
In 1940, prospectors working near the Colorado River discovered a cave containing the mummified remains of the Nevada desperado. His body was discovered with blasting caps and dynamite that only could have come from the building of Boulder Dam, indicating he was alive at least until the early 1930s. His remains were buried only after being purchased by Queho's old nemesis, Frank Wait, a law officer, before being given to the Las Vegas Elks Club, who exhibited the remains at Helldorado Days. District attorney Roland Wiley secured the remains and gave Queho a proper burial at Cathedral Canyon, Nevada.

## Media portrayals

Queho was portrayed by actor Buddy Noonan in Bill Burrud's Treasure in Parts 1 and 2 of "Queho's Secret Hideout," which aired in 1958.
# Hypena conscitalis

Hypena conscitalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1866.

## Distribution

It is found throughout Africa, from Senegal to South Africa, in South and South-East Asia as well as in Australia and on some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands (Sri Lanka).

## Description

Its wingspan is about 20–25 mm. Forewings much broader. The outer margin less oblique. Raised tufts are slight. Forewings have a grey fascia on costal area. There is a black speck found at end of cell. The oblique line further from the base, which is slightly curved and with a grey line beyond it more prominent and curved.
They larvae feed on Desmodium intortum (Fabaceae).
# Louisiana Brigade Winter Camp

The Louisiana Brigade Winter Camp, also known as Camp Carondelet, was the site of an American Civil War military camp during the winter of 1861–62. It is located east of Manassas Park, Virginia and about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Bull Run. The site was used by five battalions of Louisiana soldiers of the Confederate Army, whose distinctive buttons (bearing a pelican emblem) have long been found by relic hunters. Obvious remnants of the camp include the remains of 25 huts, some of which have been damaged or destroyed by road-building activity through the site, and chimneys representing the locations of an estimated 50 more.
The camp location was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# The Return of Peter Grimm (1926 film)

The Return of Peter Grimm is a 1926 American silent fantasy film directed by Victor Schertzinger based on the 1911 play of the same name by David Belasco. It was produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation.
A previous short film of this play appeared in 1913. A sound feature was made in 1935, also titled The Return of Peter Grimm.

## Plot

The ghost of a recently deceased family patriarch tries to help his surviving relatives, in part by preventing a marriage that he knows will go wrong.

## Cast

* Alec B. Francis as Peter Grimm
* John Roche as Frederick Grimm
* Janet Gaynor as Catherine
* Richard Walling as James Hartman
* Lionel Belmore as Reverend Bartholomey
* Elizabeth Patterson as Mrs. Bartholomey
* John St. Polis as Andrew MacPherson (uncredited) (St. Polis played Frederick in the 1911 Broadway play)
* Bodil Rosing as Marta (uncredited)
* Mickey McBan as William (uncredited)
* Florence Gilbert as Annamarie (uncredited)
* Sammy Cohen as The Clown (uncredited)

## Preservation

A print of The Return of Peter Grimm survives at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York.
# R304 (South Africa)

The R304 is a Regional Route in South Africa connecting Stellenbosch with Atlantis.

## Route

Its north-western origin is a junction with the R307 (Dassenberg Drive) adjacent to Mamre Nature Garden north of Atlantis (south of Mamre). It heads south-south-east as Charel Uys Drive to enter the centre of Atlantis, where it becomes Reygersdal Avenue towards the east-southeast before bending south. After 10 kilometres, the R304 reaches a T-junction, where the road southwards becomes Old Mamre Road, and the R304 turns to the east via a left turn to cross the N7 highway and enter the village of Philadelphia.
From Philadelphia, the R304 continues east to reach Klipheuwel and meet the R302 (Klipheuwel Road), with which it is co-signed for one kilometre, heading north. After leaving the R302, the route heads southeast, crossing the R312 east of the Cape Winelands Airport before crossing the N1 highway. It then meets the R101 at a staggered junction east of Kraaifontein. The route proceeds south-south-east to end at a junction with the R44 and the R310 in Stellenbosch (north of the town centre).
# Ruth Osburn

Ruth Osburn (April 24, 1912 – January 8, 1994) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the discus. She was born in Shelbyville, Missouri, United States.
She competed for the United States in the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, where she won the Silver medal for discus throw behind teammate Lillian Copeland. She was born in Shelbyville, Missouri.
# Centennial, Portland, Oregon

Centennial is a neighborhood on the eastern edge of the Southeast section of Portland, Oregon and a former census-designated place (CDP) on the border with Gresham. The neighborhood includes Lynchwood Park (1993) and Parklane Park (1993).
The unrelated Centennial, Oregon post office near Delta Park in North Portland served the Oregon statehood Centennial Exposition from June to September 1959.
Prior being annexed by Portland, the community was enumerated as a "Census-designated place" in 1980, when the community recorded a population of 22,118. The community was also part of the CDP of Powellhurst-Centennial in 1990, which the census area recorded a population of 28,756.
# Kennedy v. Braidwood Management, Inc.

Braidwood Management Inc. v. Becerra, No. 23-10326 (5th Cir., June 21, 2024) is a legal case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, finding certain aspects of the preventive services mandate of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to be unconstitutional. It is on appeal in the Supreme Court of the United States as Kennedy v. Braidwood Management, Inc.

## Issue

The plaintiffs, including Braidwood Management, argued that the ACA's mandate requiring health plans to cover preventive services without cost-sharing violates their constitutional and religious rights. The plaintiffs specifically objected to coverage of Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention (PrEP), an HIV prevention drug, citing religious objections to facilitating behavior they oppose, such as homosexual conduct and drug use.
The plaintiffs made two major arguments. The first was that the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which recommends preventive services, was not properly appointed under the Appointments Clause, because this body makes binding recommendations without Senate-confirmed oversight. The second was that covering PrEP violates their religious beliefs in violation of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, as they object to subsidizing what they view as morally objectionable behaviors.

## Rulings

In 2022, U.S. District Judge Reed O'Connor ruled in favor of the plaintiffs on both arguments, finding that the ACA's delegation of authority to the USPSTF violated the Appointments Clause, and that the mandate to cover PrEP violated the plaintiffs' rights under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). On March 30, 2023, Judge O'Connor issued a final ruling striking down the requirement for insurers to cover services recommended by the USPSTF after March 23, 2010, including PrEP, declaring these mandates unconstitutional.
On June 21, 2024, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals issued a decision affirming the district court's determination that the role of the USPSTF in determining mandatory preventive services under the ACA is unconstitutional. However, the court did not issue a nationwide injunction, limiting the immediate effects of the ruling to the plaintiffs. The court declined to rule on the plaintiff's assertion that the Appointments Clause issue also invalidates decisions of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), which makes vaccination recommendations, similarly binding insurance companies to cover those costs. The case is expected to continue, with legal experts anticipating an appeal to the Supreme Court.
If the Supreme Court ultimately invalidates the USPSTF's authority, it could impact preventive services covered under the ACA, including cancer screenings, immunizations, and PrEP.
# Devjibhai Govindbhai Fatepara

Devjibhai Govindbhai Fatepara (born 20 November 1959, Kankot) is a member of the 16th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Surendranagar constituency of Gujarat and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party political party.
He was the Member for the Halvad constituency of the Gurarat Legislative Assembly from 2007 to 2012.
# Micronycterinae

Micronycterinae is a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). They are commonly known as the little big-eared bats. It contains two genera, Lampronycteris (one species) and Micronycteris (eleven species). Van Den Bussche (1992) was the first to propose the subfamily, which initially just contained Micronycteris. Previous studies had sometimes included these genera in the subfamily Phyllostominae.

## Position within Phyllostomidae

Phyllostomidae
Macrotinae
Micronycterinae
Desmodontinae
Lonchorhininae
Phyllostominae
Glossophaginae
Lonchophyllinae
Carolliinae
Glyphonycterinae
Rhinophyllinae
Stenodermatinae :
Internal divisions of Phyllostomidae :
It is one of the more basal subfamilies of the family Phyllostomidae. Of the eleven currently recognized subfamilies, only the Macrotinae lineage split before Micronycterinae.
# Central Brooklyn

Central Brooklyn consists of several neighborhoods often grouped together because of their large populations of African Americans and Caribbean Americans. Central Brooklyn is the largest collection of black communities in both New York City and the United States. These neighborhoods include:
* Bedford-Stuyvesant, which broadly includes smaller communities such as
** Ocean Hill
** Stuyvesant Heights
* Crown Heights, which includes smaller communities such as
** Weeksville
* East Flatbush, which may be grouped together with the smaller neighborhood of Wingate
* Flatbush, which broadly includes smaller communities such as
** Ditmas Park
** Prospect Lefferts Gardens
** Prospect Park South
Other communities that may be included in a broader definition of Central Brooklyn are:
* Brownsville
* Canarsie
* Clinton Hill
* East New York
* Fort Greene
* Prospect Heights
Central Brooklyn is centered in the following zip codes:
* 11203
* 11213
* 11216
* 11221
* 11225
* 11226
* 11233
* 11238
* 11233
# Myriopteris longipila

Myriopteris longipila, formerly known as Cheilanthes longipila, is a species of fern endemic to Mexico. It is characterized by a dense covering of long whitish hairs.

## Taxonomy

The species was originally described as Cheilanthes longipila by John Gilbert Baker in 1891. His description was based on the specimen Charles Christopher Parry & Edward Palmer 989, collected by those two botanists in Central Mexico. He noted that it was similar to Cheilanthes viscosa, but bore long, soft hairs without glands (presumably the source of the epithet "longipila"), and had a leaf blade widest near the middle rather than at the base.
In 2004, John T. Mickel described a new variety of the species, Cheilanthes longipila var. brevipila, based on Soto 1052, a specimen collected near Amatitlán, Guerrero. In this variety, the pinnae are mostly alternate rather than opposite, and the hairs are shorter and more variable in character than in typical material of the species.
The development of molecular phylogenetic methods showed that the traditional circumscription of Cheilanthes is polyphyletic. Convergent evolution in arid environments is thought to be responsible for widespread homoplasy in the morphological characters traditionally used to classify it and the segregate genera that have sometimes been recognized. On the basis of molecular evidence, Amanda Grusz and Michael D. Windham revived the genus Myriopteris in 2013 for a group of species formerly placed in Cheilanthes. One of these was C. longipila, which thus became Myriopteris longipila. They recognized and transferred Mickel's variety as well, so that the species is now divided into two varieties, the typical M. longipila var. longipila and M. longipila var. brevipila. In 2018, Maarten J. M. Christenhusz transferred the species to Hemionitis as H. gracillima, as part of a program to consolidate the cheilanthoid ferns into that genus.
Further molecular studies in Myriopteris demonstrated the existence of three well-supported clades within the genus. M. longipila is nested in one of them, informally named the lanosa clade by Grusz et al., wherein M. longipila is sister to M. lanosa. The lanosa clade is distinguished from all other species of the genus, except M. wrightii, by forming fiddleheads as leaves emerge.

## Distribution and habitat

Myriopteris longipila is found in central Mexico, from Nuevo León in the north south to Oaxaca. It grows at an elevation from 1,450 to 1,900 meters (4,760 to 6,230 ft) (occasionally as low as 600 meters (2,000 ft)) in oak forests on dry, rocky slopes. M. longipila var. brevipila is more limited in distribution, known only from Guerrero. It also grows on rocky slopes from 1,550 to 1,600 meters (5,090 to 5,250 ft) in altitude, in oak or tropical deciduous forests over volcanic soil.
# Vicki Goetze

Vicki Goetze-Ackerman (born October 17, 1972) is an American professional golfer.
Goetze was born in Mishicot, Wisconsin. Living in Hull, Georgia, she was voted "Player of the Year" from 1988 to 1990 by the American Junior Golf Association. In 1989 she was still only 16 years old when she defeated Brandie Burton to become the third youngest winner in the history of the U.S. Women's Amateur at the Pinehurst Country Club, in Pinehurst, North Carolina. She was named the 1989 Titleist/Golfweek Amateur Player of the Year.
Enrolled at the University of Georgia, in 1992 Goetze was the NCAA golfing champion. That year she defeated Annika Sörenstam to win her second U.S. Women Amateur becoming the first teenager to ever hold both the NCAA and U.S. Women's Amateur championships simultaneously. She was a member of the U.S. Curtis Cup team and the U.S. team at the 1990 and 1992 Espirito Santo Trophy. In 1991 and 1992 she earned her second and third Titleist/Golfweek Amateur Player of the Year award. She was awarded the Honda-Broderick Cup in 1992, recognizing her as the National Player of the Year and was also named the National Player of the Year in 1993 by the National Golf Coaches Association. Goetze was also honored as an All-American in 1992 and 1993.
Goetze joined the LPGA Tour in 1994. Although she has been competitive and twice was runner-up at the LPGA Corning Classic, Goetze has not achieved the same level of success as she had as an amateur and has yet to win an LPGA tournament. She married Jim Ackerman in 1997 and in 2005 gave birth to their first child, son Jacob Aiden Ackerman.

## Playoff record

LPGA Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponents | Result |
| 1 | 2000 | LPGA Corning Classic | Betsy King Kelli Kuehne | King won with birdie on second extra hole |

## U.S. national team appearances

Amateur
* Curtis Cup: 1990 (winners), 1992
* Espirito Santo Trophy: 1990 (winners), 1992
# Skierfe

Skierfe is a mountain in the south-eastern parts of Sarek National Park in Sweden. Its western cliff face is almost vertical and goes down to Rapa River and the Laitaure delta. The mountain is 1,179 m (3,868 ft) high.
Skierfe is known for the spectacular point of view one can get from the top in good weather. The path to the top is generally an easy hike and Skierfe is therefore a popular detour for people wandering along the Kungsleden trail. It is about 800 m (2,600 ft) above the Aktse mountain hut.
# Westgate, Lincolnshire

Westgate is a hamlet on the Isle of Axholme in the parish of Belton in North Lincolnshire unitary area of Lincolnshire, England. It is close to the former Sandtoft Airfield and the village of Sandtoft as well as the town of Epworth. It is notable for the grade II listed Westgate Mill.
# Central City West, Los Angeles

Central City West, sometimes known as City West or The West Bank, is a neighborhood in Downtown Los Angeles.

## History

One of the earliest uses of the name "Central City West" was in 1986, when the city exempted the area from a slow-growth initiative. In 1987, the Los Angeles Times reported that the "bet on the wrong side of the Harbor Freeway" was paying off with the construction of new office towers, including the $170 million Transpacific Center. The area was now being referred "The West Bank" and the Los Angeles Times noted that Asian financing was behind the highrise construction in the neighborhood. In October 1988, consultants were hired to develop a strategy to create an identifiable community out of a "confused no-man's land between the Harbor Freeway and the Westlake District". Consultants stated that the area was a "twin" to downtown, rather than a "challenge".
In 2007, developer Geoff Palmer was attracting criticism for his apartment complexes because they did not include a low-income housing component. In 2006, he had applied for the Piero II, and requested that the City waive the affordable housing requirements. The City denied the waiver and Palmer sued the city (Palmer/Sixth Street Properties LP v. City of Los Angeles), claiming the affordable housing zoning requirements in the Central City West specific plan violated the Costa-Hawkins Act. In 2009, Palmer won his case when the California Court of Appeal ruled that "as applied to Palmer's proposed project, the affordable housing ordinance conflicts with and is preempted by the vacancy decontrol provisions of the Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act."
In 2006, the Los Angeles Times reported that with Dreamgirls and Numb3rs filming at Los Angeles Center Studios, the city’s decades-old vision for City West was finally being fulfilled. In 2007, an economic downturn halted construction in the area, but by 2011, construction of apartment buildings in the neighborhood resumed.

## Geography

According to the Los Angeles Times, Central City West is a 465-acre area downtown designed as a "self-contained urban village." It is bounded by the Harbor Freeway on the east, the Hollywood Freeway on the north and Olympic Boulevard on the south. The western border consists of Glendale Boulevard, Whitmer Street, Union Street, and Albany Street.

## Notable Buildings

* Beaudry Center - 333 S. Beaudry. LAUSD headquarters
* Arco Tower - 1055 W. 7th Street
* 1100 Wilshire - 2nd tallest residential building in Southern California.
* Los Angeles Center Studios - a 20-acre film production facility.
# 2018 in Kenya

Events in the year 2018 in Kenya.

## Incumbents

* President: Uhuru Kenyatta
* Deputy President: William Ruto
* Chief Justice: David Maraga

## Events

* March–June - 2018 East Africa floods
* 9 March – 2018 Kenya handshake
* 19 March – Sudan, last known male northern white rhinoceros, died in Kenya.
* 26 March – A giant crack in the ground, measuring 50 feet deep and 65 feet across, opens in or near Nairobi.
* 9 May – The Patel Dam near the township of Solai, Nakuru County, in the Rift Valley burst amid heavy rains, killing at least 45 people.
* 10 October - At least 51 people are killed when a bus traveling from the Kenyan capital Nairobi to Kisumu veers off the road and overturns.

### Sports

* 9 to 25 February – Kenya participated at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea

## Deaths

* 1 March – Louis Onguto, judge, member of the High Court.
* 3 September – Paul Koech, long distance runner, half marathon world champion (b. 1969).
* 3 October – Joseph Kamaru, benga musician and political activist (b. 1939).