OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zachary A. Myers

Zachary Augustus Myers (born 1981) is an American lawyer who was the United States attorney for the Southern District of Indiana.

## Early life and education

Myers was born in Stanford, California, and raised in Indiana, the son of Woody Myers, a physician and political candidate. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Stanford University, a Master of Arts in political management from The Graduate School of Political Management in 2003, and a Juris Doctor from the Georgetown University Law Center in 2008.

## Career

From 2003 to 2005, Myers served as a legislative correspondent for Congresswoman Julia Carson. From 2008 to 2011, Myers was an attorney at Baker & Daniels in Indianapolis. He then served as assistant United States attorney for the Southern District of Indiana from 2011 to 2014. He joined the United States District Court for the District of Maryland as assistant U.S. attorney in 2014 and became the district's cybersecurity counsel.

### United States attorney

On July 26, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Myers to be the United States attorney for the Southern District of Indiana. On September 23, 2021, his nomination was reported out of committee. On September 30, 2021, his nomination was confirmed in the United States Senate by voice vote. On November 15, 2021, he was sworn in by Chief Judge Tanya Walton Pratt. He resigned as United States Attorney on January 18, 2025.
# Mohamed Kasbr

Mohamed Kasbr (born 23 July 1974) is an Egyptian former field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Detroit Line (Norfolk Southern)

The Detroit Line is a freight railroad line owned and operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway in the U.S. states of Michigan and Ohio.

## Description

The line begins south of Gibraltar Road in Gibraltar, Michigan as a continuation of the Conrail Detroit Line, and runs southwest to Toledo, Ohio, consisting of two separate and parallel tracks. Track #1 is the southbound track originally owned by the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. Track #2 parallels Track #1 to the east running from adjacent to 0.5 miles (0.80 km) apart, and is the northbound track originally owned by Michigan Central Railroad. Track #2 is paralleled directly to its east by the CN/GTW Shore Line Subdivision from the start of the line at Gibraltar Road to Vienna Junction just north of the Michigan–Ohio state line. The Detroit Line's southern end is at the Chicago Line at Air Line Junction in western Toledo.

## History

The Detroit, Monroe and Toledo Railroad opened a line from Detroit to Toledo in 1856. The Toledo, Canada Southern and Detroit Railway opened a parallel line, just to the east, in 1873. With the 1930 lease of the Michigan Central Railroad by the New York Central Railroad, both lines were placed under NYC operation. The lines passed to Conrail, and were assigned to Norfolk Southern in Conrail's 1999 breakup; they are now used through a directional running setup, in which southbound trains use the old DM&T and northbound trains use the old TCS&D.
# Anthony Marx

Anthony William "Tony" Marx (born February 28, 1959) is an American academic. He became the president and CEO of the New York Public Library in July 2011, succeeding Paul LeClerc. Marx is the former president of Amherst College, in Amherst, Massachusetts. Since joining the New York Public Library, Marx has focused on expanding the library’s education programs and on increasing public access to library e-books. He has also prioritized services for researchers and bringing library materials to public schools.

## Biography

Marx is an alumnus of the Bronx High School of Science after which he attended Wesleyan University before transferring to Yale University, where, in 1981, he received a B.S. magna cum laude. He received an M.P.A. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1986, followed by M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in politics from Princeton in 1987 and 1990. Marx completed a doctoral dissertation titled "Lessons of struggle: South African internal opposition movements, 1960-1990." In 2012, one year after he left the college, he received an honorary degree from Amherst College.
After graduating from Yale, Marx spent a year in South Africa participating in the anti-Apartheid movement. Even after returning to the U.S. for graduate school at Princeton, he returned frequently to participate in the founding of Khanya College, a post-secondary college which prepared black students for university.
According to BusinessWeek, one reason the Amherst Board of Trustees chose Marx as president was his support for socioeconomic diversity on college campuses. One of Marx's goals was to make Amherst more accessible to qualified students from lower income families. Marx supports the 'QuestBridge College Match' program at Amherst, an alternative college admission and financial aid process. Marx was arrested for drunk driving in November 2011 after crashing a library-owned vehicle into a parked car and subsequently pleaded guilty to a criminal misdemeanor for driving while intoxicated.
As a board member of the National Book Foundation, Marx was responsible for awarding W. Paul Coates (the father of Ta-Nehisi Coates) a ‘lifetime achievement’ Literarian Award for outstanding service to the literary community. Coates Senior as founder of Black Classic Press has controversially republished anti-Semitic and homophobic screeds from a range of African-American writers. Marx declined to comment on the board’s decision according to The Free Press.

## Personal life

Marx is married to Karen Barkey, professor of sociology at Bard College. They met in 1990 while they were both faculty members at Columbia University and married in 1992. Together, they have two children: Josh and Anna-Claire.

## Published works

Marx has written three books on nation-building, concentrating on South Africa.
* Lessons of Struggle: South African Internal Opposition, 1960–1990 (1992)
* Making Race and Nation: A Comparison of South Africa, the United States, and Brazil (1998)
* Faith in Nation: Exclusionary Origins of Nationalism (2005)
# Ingrid Mertig

Ingrid Mertig is a German materials scientist who is a professor and fellow at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics. She was awarded the Institute of Physics Max Born Medal and Prize.

## Early life and education

Mertig studied physics at TU Dresden. She remained there for her doctoral research, where she studied the influence of point defects on the galvanomagnetic properties (phenomena that occur when a current is passed through a conductor in a magnetic field) of metals. She completed her doctorate in 1982 and was appointed an assistant professor. She worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Soviet Union.

## Research and career

Mertig was made a Fellow at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in 2007. Her research group study solid state theory. Specifically, she develops material specific descriptions of nanostructured systems. Mertig develops these descriptions using green functions, which can be used to describe thin films, surfaces or heterostructures. The computational effort required to perform these calculations scales with the numbers of atoms, making it possible to evaluate systems of a realistic size. She starts from the atomic structure of a system.
Mertig is an expert in spintronics, which make use of an electron's charge and spin degree of freedom, could transform future sensors and information technologies. Mertig performs first-principles electronic structure calculations using density functional theory. She has used simulations to understand spin-dependent transport processes in magnetic, metallic and molecular devices. Her calculations can explain spintronic phenomena, including giant magnetoresistance, the spin Nernst Effect and the spin Hall effect.
Mertig advised the German Science and Humanities Council as an expert in 2017–2018. In 2024, she was awarded the Institute of Physics Max Born Medal and Prize.

## Selected publications

* M Lorenz; M S Ramachandra Rao; T Venkatesan; et al. (7 October 2016). "The 2016 oxide electronic materials and oxide interfaces roadmap". Journal of Physics D. 49 (43): 433001. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/49/43/433001. ISSN 0022-3727. Wikidata Q56994117.
* Igor Solovyev; Dederichs PH; Mertig I I (1 November 1995). "Origin of orbital magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in TX ordered alloys (where T=Fe,Co and X=Pd,Pt)". Physical Review B. 52 (18): 13419–13428. doi:10.1103/PHYSREVB.52.13419. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 9980535. Wikidata Q78138324.
* Volodymyr V Maslyuk; Alexei Bagrets; Velimir Meded; Andreas Arnold; Ferdinand Evers; Mads Brandbyge; Thomas Bredow; Ingrid Mertig (30 August 2006). "Organometallic benzene-vanadium wire: A one-dimensional half-metallic ferromagnet". Physical Review Letters. 97 (9): 097201. arXiv:cond-mat/0510144. doi:10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.97.097201. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 17026394. Wikidata Q79205206.
# National Maps of Switzerland

The National Maps of Switzerland, also referred to as the Swisstopo maps, are a set of official map series designed, edited and distributed by Swisstopo, the Swiss Federal Office of Topography. Each map series is based on an oblique, conformal, cylindrical projection (Mercator projection), with a Swiss Coordinate system (CH1903 +). All maps are updated in a complete cycle of about six years.
In 1938, the Federal Office of Topography started issuing new map sheets, which were intended to succeed the old Dufour and Siegfried Maps. They first appeared in 1:50,000 scale, and from 1952 also in 1:25,000 scale. In addition, further generalisations were made in smaller scales. In each scale, the whole of Switzerland was covered. In 1979, with the issuance of the last 1:25,000 scale sheet, the work was completed.
The map sheets have been produced in several different versions: topographic maps, tourist maps, special maps (for aerospace, geology, etc.). They are now also available on electronic media. The topographic maps have been published in the following scale series:
| Name | Scale | Publication years | Cover colour | No. of sheets |
| National map | 1:25,000 | 1952–1979 | brown | 247 |
| National map | 1:50,000 | 1938–1963 | dark green | 78 |
| National map | 1:100,000 | 1954–1965 | light red | 23 |
| National map | 1:200,000 | | orange | 4 |
| General map | 1:300,000 | | blue | 1 |
| National map | 1:500,000 | | dark red | 1 |
| National map | 1:1,000,000 | | light green | 1 |
The normal map sheets are arranged in a grid pattern. In addition, there are composition maps (i.e. extending over sheet borders) covering urban agglomerations, or tourist areas. Many of 1:50,000 scale map sheets are also available as hiking maps (with highlighted trails) or as ski tour maps.
The Federal Office of Topography also publishes the following digital products:
* National Map 1:25,000 on DVD (Swiss Map 25);
* National Map 1:50,000 on DVD (Swiss Map 50);
* National Map 1:100,000 on CD-ROM (Swiss Map 100); and
* For professional applications:
** Digital landscape models as pixel maps for all scales;
** Digital landscape models as vector data based on the 1:25,000 (VECTOR25) and 1:200,000 (VECTOR200) topographic map sheets; and
** Digital elevation models with a grid size of 25 metres (82 ft) (DTM25) and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) (DOM / DTM – AV).
For all of these maps, the Pierres du Niton rocks, in the port of Geneva, are the reference point for height measurements.
In 2005, a proposal for the spelling of local names (field names) on the national map in a manner closer to the way in which they are pronounced was made available for the formal Swiss consultation process. Many national map users are opposed to this proposal.
1:25'000 examples by terrain type :
| Cities (1091 Zürich) | Productive land (1074 Bischofszell) | Forests (1312 Locarno) | Water (1164 Neuchâtel) | Ice and rocks (1249 Finsteraarhorn) |
# Chaudhary Laxmi Narayan Singh

Chaudhary Laxmi Narayan Singh is an Indian politician and member of 9th, 13th, 15th and 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. And currently serving as Minister of Dairy Development, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries in Yogi Adityanath ministry. He represents the Chhata constituency as a candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He was previously a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party and was a cabinet minister in the government led by chief minister Mayawati.

## Political career

In 2006, Chaudhury joined the Bahujan Samaj Party. In the BSP government, he was the agricultural minister and was portrayed by the media as the party's "Jat face". He assisted chief minister Mayawati in pacifying agitation in Jat majority areas. He also said to the Jat farmers that the government was not against the farmers.
In July 2015, Chaudhary along with a former mayor of Agra joined the Bharatiya Janata Party. In January 2017, he filed his nomination for 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, where he would contest from Chhata. He said that his intention was to carry Prime Minister Narendra Modi's mission of development forward. He won the election by defeating a Bahujan Samaj Party candidate. He was given the portfolio of Additional Charge of Dairy Industry, Culture, Minority Welfare, Religious activities by chief minister Yogi Adityanath.
After becoming a minister, Chaudhary said that the government would impose the "Gujarat model of dairy development". He also said that steps would be taken to prohibit illegal slaughter of cattle. It was also announced that the Sunni and Shia Waqf boards of the state would be dissolved. He cited the alleged scams involving the boards for this decision. Chaudhary said that an investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation was required, and also alleged a scam of 1000 crore rupees associated with the boards. He was also made the party incharge of Kaushambi district.

## Views

Chaudhary is of the opinion that unlike the government of Akhilesh Yadav, the Yogi Adityanath government does not indulge in politics of appeasement. He also said Uttar Pradesh was heading towards ''Rama Rajya'' (kingdom of Hindu god Rama) during the government of Adityanath. He also said that the celebrations of Ramlila in Ayodhya and Rasa lila in Vrindavan were evidences of his claim.

## Personal life

In January 2017, Chaudhary was injured in a road accident while on his way to attend a rally of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Lucknow.
# Brian Green (footballer)

Brian Geoffrey Green (5 June 1935 – 14 August 2012) is an English former football player, manager and coach. As a player, he competed in the Football League as a forward in the 1950s and 1960s. Highlights in his managerial career are his time at the helm of the Australian national tea, and two vice-championsjhips with the Norwegian club Bryne FK.

## Career

He was a utility player for three years with Rochdale AFC. Forthwith he changed clubs on an annual basis. As forward for Southport he was plagued by injuries but achieved one of the fastest goals in history of the club when he scored inside 30 seconds against Watford in In March 1960. Barrow, Exeter City and Chesterfield and a number of other clubs of only limited importance.
In 1964 he moved for the first time to Australia when he joined the New South Wales State premiers of 1963, Sydney FC Prague. With him the club could not repeat the success, but finished the league fourth.
There may have been some stints with non-league clubs after this. He then started a coaching career which also gave him some opportunities as manager.
After a coaching job in Kuwait he became part of Southport’s Fourth Division Championship in 1972–73. This was followed by a coaching job with fourth division side Chester City FC under manager Ken Roberts. The side achieved 1974-75 promotion and reached the semi-finals of the Football League Cup. For his efforts Green was presented the Coach of the Year award by the League Trainers’ and Coaches’ Association and went on to head the Australian national team.
He was appointed to the Australian job as in August 1975. At the end of the year his side played three draws and three defeats against a touring USSR B-team. In February and March 1976 followed two wins against New Zealand's A-team. Green suddenly resigned on 23 March 1976 and returned to England immediately. Being appointed in the wake of the controversial ouster of his popular predecessor Rale Rasic Green always had a tough stand with the public. A conviction for shoplifting two long play records in February resulting in a two year good behaviour bond did not help his cause.
After his time in Australia he managed from June 1976 to September 1977 fourth division club Rochdale AFC which was followed by a stint as coach with Leeds United under Jimmy Armfield.
Then Green moved to Norway managing Bryne FK from 1980 to 1982, there achieving second places in the league 1980 and 1982, and with IK Start in 1986–87. He later also managed Egersunds IK in division four in two seasons, 1989 and 1991.
From the mid 1990s he worked as a hotel sales manager near Oldham.
# Ann Chowning

Martha Ann Chowning (18 April 1929 – 25 September 2016) was an American anthropologist, ethnographer, archaeologist and linguist known for her work on the peoples, languages, cultures and histories of Oceania.

## Biography

Chowning was born on 18 April 1929, in Little Rock, Arkansas. Raised in Arkansas, Chowning studied Spanish at Bryn Mawr College and anthropology at Barnard College, Columbia, before beginning her PhD in anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1952. There she was taught by Ward Goodenough, who engaged her in a project on the Lakalai people of Papua New Guinea. After finishing her PhD in 1957, Chowning subsequently revisited the Lakalai many times between the 1960s and 1990s, and carried out comparative fieldwork on Molima, Sengseng, and Kove.
Chowning held an assistant professorship in anthropology at Barnard College, Columbia University, from 1960 to 1965, and was Senior Research Fellow in social anthropology at the Australian National University from 1965 to 1970. In 1970 she was appointed associate professor of anthropology at the University of Papua New Guinea, before moving to the Victoria University of Wellington to take up a position as Professor and Chair of the Department of Anthropology in 1977. Chowning retired in 1995. She died on 25 September 2016 in Auckland, New Zealand.

## Research

Chowning's work was interdisciplinary, bridging language, ethnography and history. She has made substantial contributions to Oceanic comparative linguistics, and her Lakalai-English dictionary is perhaps the largest dictionary of any Western Oceanic language.

## Selected works

* Chowning, Ann, and Ward H. Goodenough. 1965. Lakalai political organization. Anthropological Forum: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Comparative Sociology 1 (3–4), 412–473
* Chowning, Ann. 1969. The Austronesian languages of New Britain. Papers in linguistics of Melanesia 2, 17–46.
* Chowning, Ann. 1973. An introduction to the peoples and cultures of Melanesia. Addison-Wesley. Second edition 1977, published by Cummings.
* Chowning, Ann. 1979. Leadership in Melanesia. The Journal of Pacific History 14 (2), 66–84.
* Blust, Robert, David F. Aberle, N. J. Allen, R. H. Barnes, Ann Chowning, Otto Chr. Dahl, Jacques Faublée, James J. Fox, George W. Grace, Toichi Mabuchi, Kenneth Maddock, and Andrew Pawley. 1980. Early Austronesian Social Organization: The Evidence of Language. Current Anthropology 21 (2), 205–226.
* Chowning, Ann, and Ward H. Goodenough. 2016 [1954-]. A dictionary of the Lakalai (Nakanai) language of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Asia-Pacific Linguistics Open Access.

## Awards and other honours

In 2005, Chowning was honoured with a Festschrift, A Polymath Anthropologist: Essays in Honour of Ann Chowning.
Chowning was awarded an Honorary Life Membership of the Association of Social Anthropologists of Aotearoa/New Zealand (ASAA/NZ).
Iris 'Ann Chowning' is a beardless iris, described as having "intense, velvety red flowers with deep yellow highlights", bred by Chowning's father, lawyer Frank Chowning, and presumably named in her honour.
# 10th and Pierce Car Barn

The 10th and Pierce Car Barn is a historic car barn located at 1125 S. 11th Street in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The building was used to house streetcars for the Omaha and Council Bluffs Street Railway Company (O&CB).

## History

The 10th and Pierce Car Barn was initially conceived in 1909 in order to accommodate new streetcars for the O&CB. The new streetcars were larger and heavier than previous models and were designed so that passengers would pay as they entered. Work to clear the site began in 1909 and construction of the building began in August. While originally the O&CB planned to construct a one-story facility, the slope of the site allowed for a two-story building, whereby streetcars enter the building at either level to be stored. Both levels accommodated 12 tracks each. Upon the opening of the carbarn, the Harney Street carbarn was decommissioned. The 10th and Pierce carbarn remained in service until 1955, when streetcar service in Omaha was replaced by buses.
The carbarn is the only remaining O&CB structure in Omaha. In the 2010s, an 1889 carbarn and powerhouse at the southwest corner of 19th and Nicholas, as well as a 1905 general repair shop at the northwest corner of 26th and Lake were both demolished.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 2015.