OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Undertow Music

Undertow began in 1996 in St. Louis, Missouri, as a collective of independent artists, musicians, filmmakers, designers and creative managers sharing resources, ideas, and a love of music. Undertow Music is currently located in Champaign, Illinois.

## Record label

Undertow Records was started in 1996 by Mark Ray when he released albums by his band, Waterloo, and a band they shared a studio space with, Nadine. Undertow serves as a conduit for artists to release their albums to a wider audience through digital, retail, and direct sales outlets. The artists retain ownership and control of their music at all times. No formal contracts are drawn up between artists and Undertow.
Undertow has released records for artists such as Jay Bennett (of Wilco fame), Will Johnson (of Centro-Matic), The Amazing Pilots, Artificial Hearts, The Redwalls, The Cush, Nadine, Magnolia Summer, Glossary, Dreadful Yawns, Waterloo, Anna Fermin, Steve Dawson, Dolly Varden, J. Tillman, South San Gabriel, Centro-matic, Via Audio.

## Artist management

Undertow Artist Management was started by Bob Andrews in 1996 after he joined forces with Mark Ray's record label for the release of Nadine's debut album. The original roster was Nadine, Centro-matic, and Dolly Varden. Andrews split his time between the label and management until 2002 when he started focusing solely on artist management while expanding the roster to include Pedro the Lion, Grammy Award winner Jesse Harris and American Music Club.
The management roster expanded and new managers joined the collective in 2004, 2006 and 2008.
Undertow's current management roster includes:
* The Bottle Rockets
* Danielle Durack
* David Bazan
* Headphones
* Overseas
* Pedro the Lion
* Will Johnson

## Undertow store

Undertow was one of the first independent labels to have an e-commerce store selling CDs and shirts with all profits going back to the artists. The Undertow Store started as a single webpage store front in 1998 selling a small selection of CDs and shirts. Over the years, the store has grown into a fully featured and robust online store with items from a tightly curated roster of artists.

## Undertow tickets

Undertow expanded again in 2009 to offer direct-to-fan ticketing when David Bazan ventured out on a nationwide tour playing in fans' living rooms. They have since handled ticketing for similar tours by Rocky Votolato, Will Johnson, Rosie Thomas, Joan of Arc, Eric Bachmann, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Mike Doughty, Vandaveer, Julia Nunes, Lady Lamb, Mirah, Eef Barzelay, Chris Staples, Damien Jurado, Owen, Sarah Jaffe, and The Bottle Rockets.

## The Undertow Orchestra

In 2006, a group of Undertow artists toured the US and Europe, billed as The Undertow Orchestra. Members of the touring group included David Bazan (of Pedro the Lion and Headphones), Mark Eitzel (of American Music Club), Will Johnson and Scott Danbom (of Centro-Matic), and Vic Chesnutt.
# Bridlewood Mall

Bridlewood Mall is a neighbourhood shopping centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It serves the L'Amoreaux neighbourhood in the Scarborough district of Toronto. Its anchors include Shoppers Drug Mart, Dollarama, Metro, and Yours Food Mart.

## History

Bridlewood Mall was built in 1975 and redeveloped from 1998 to 1999. The mall takes its name from Bridlewood area to the south and the horse farm owned by Harry C. Hatch from 1927 to 1946. A small cemetery from the mid-1800s was incorporated as a memorial garden in the parking lot. The mall began with four big-box store anchors: Towers, Kmart, Food City, and Dominion.
The Towers chain was bought by Zellers in 1990 and the store was closed in 1991.
Metro Inc. bought Dominion stores in December 2008, and the Dominion store was converted into a Metro store.
Zellers went into liquidation on December 26, 2012, and it closed in March 2013.
A Target store was supposed to open at the location where the Zellers store had been (this space is small and it was said that it would be expanded), but all construction activity was cancelled due to Target's departure from Canada in April 2015. The space then became Stitches, a discount clothing outlet in 2016, before its closure in 2019. The space was then reopened on December 22, 2021, as an Asian supermarket (Yours Food Mart), with two smaller stores being leased inside.
Price Chopper closed on December 20, 2020, with the space being split in half. The western half was given to the City of Toronto, where an Employment and Social Services center has opened an office. Meanwhile, the other half has been leased to the Toronto Public Library, where the library has since relocated to that space in 2024 once construction was completed, expanding its area from 7,590 sq ft to approximately 20,000 sq ft.

### Redevelopment

In 2008, the City Planning Division received a rezoning application to permit the redevelopment of the Mall, which would've seen several condos constructed along the north and south sides of the property with the mall being slightly expanded south. In response, the City launched a revitalization study that lasted from 2008-2010 in order to consider mixed-use sites in the area with potential for intensification and revitalization. The study identified needs and issues, opportunities and challenges for the area. The City approved the redevelopment in 2010 but no construction activity or news has emerged since the approval and the banners advertising the redevelopment were quietly removed.

## Retail mix

The mall is a mix of small independent businesses, chain stores, a public library, a factory outlet and two grocery stores. The mall has a number of fast food restaurant locations.
# Hristina Vuković

Hristina Vuković (Serbian Cyrillic: Христина Вуковић), known mononymously as Hristina, is a Serbian-Montenegrin singer, songwriter and psychologist.
Hristina was born in Belgrade where she lives and works. Her parents are originally from Montenegro. She graduated with a degree in psychology. She participated in the music competition X Factor Adria, and released her first single "Deep Waters" in 2014 shortly after. She is a backing vocalist in Željko Joksimović's band. According to the assessment of the Milan Mladenović Foundation in 2019, Vuković's song "Kazaljka" was among the 12 best original compositions in the territory of the former Yugoslavia.
In 2023, she released her debut album Bedem, published by PGP-RTS and promoted at the Studio 6 of Radio Belgrade. With the song of the same name, she was announced among the participants of Pesma za Evroviziju '24, the Serbian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2024. The song qualified for the final.

## Discography
### Albums

* Bedem (2023)

### Singles

* Deep Waters (2014)
* Usamljeni ljudi (2023)
* Sami zajedno (2023)
* Kasnim (2023)
* Decembar (2023)
* Bedem (2023)
# Actinidia rudis

Actinidia rudis is a species of plant in the Actinidiaceae family. It is endemic to China.
# Palmyra offensive (2024)

vteSyrian civil war :
Timeline
Background and causes
Casualties
Cities
map
Terrorism
Massacres :
On 6 December 2024, the United States-backed Syrian Free Army, with support from Suqour al-Sham, launched an offensive from the Al-Tanf "deconfliction zone" on the ancient city of Palmyra in the eastern area of the Homs Governorate. The United States reportedly gave logistical support to the opposition groups. The offensive came following setbacks by the government of Bashar al-Assad on other fronts, especially after the northwestern offensive by Tahrir al-Sham.
The Syrian Free Army (SFA) took control of Palmyra on 7 December after clashing with regime forces before going in the direction of Damascus.

## Background

The SFA was told by the US Special Forces based at Al-Tanf to prepare for a coming offensive. The SFA's ranks were bolstered in October 2024 by various units that had expanded the group from 800 to around 3,000 fighters, including a unit that had been trained in Jordan by British forces to hunt down members of ISIS.
The Syrian Arab Army withdrew from the nearby Tiyas Air Base.

## Offensive

The offensive was led by Abdulrazzaq Abu Khatib of Suqour al-Sham, whose group, in addition to Hezbollah, took the most casualties of the battle.
Al-Antri faced his former "tank unit" during the battle and told his men to fire warning shots.

## Aftermath

The groups captured Damascus the following day.
As of mid-December, ISIS fighters were still on the outskirts of the city. Abu Khatib anticipated an offensive to start in January to flush them out.
The SFA has established checkpoints between Palmyra and Al-Tanf, though the group is dealing with a large increase in the amount of area it controls.
# Chisomo Ngulube

Chisomo Ngulube is a Malawian journalist and editor. She was the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation's chief editor for their TV news.

## Life

Ngulube studied at Rhodes University where she completed a post-graduate diploma in media management in 2014.
She worked as a journalist for national newspapers in Malawi before she joined the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation. She became the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation's chief editor for their television news. In 2017 was a Journalism fellow for the Nieman Foundation at Harvard University. This was won competitively as there only 24 places and half of these are taken by Americans. She is only the second Malawian to join the fellowship and the only one that year from Africa who was employed by an African media company.
She has written about the freedom of the press, drawing parallels between Donald Trump's "Fake News" and the treatment of the press in Africa. She was chosen to be one of the fifteen leading women journalists to work on the women's edition of the Population Reference Bureau.
Ngulube is a leading spokesperson and vice-chair of MISA Malawi. The organisation campaigns for journalists and arranges training. Malawi's President has said that he has never requested that a journalist should be arrested for their work. However MISA Malawi says that it needs to work to give access to all voices. Ngulube challenged her peers to achieve this. Freedom of the press is said to be the policy in Malawi but journalists like Macmillan Mhone have been arrested for exposing fraud. He was arrested for “publication of news likely to cause fear and public alarm; cyber-spamming; and extortion”.
# Frederick T. Birchall

Frederick Thomas Birchall (1871 – March 7, 1955) was an English journalist and editor for The New York Times and winner of the 1933 Pulitzer Prize for Correspondence for his reporting from Europe at the time of the rise of National Socialism in Germany. For 27 years, Birchall was one of the chief news executives of The New York Times. He is also known for his book The Storm Breaks. A Panorama of Europe and the Forces that Have Wrecked Its Peace (1940).

## Early life

Birchall was born in 1871 in Warrington, Southern Lancashire, England. He was the only son of Thomas and Elizabeth Birchall. Warrington, a manufacturing town, was home to a family deeply engaged in the community. His father, Thomas Birchall, was an advocate of Gladstonian liberalism and a key figure in the British Cooperative Movement, with his contributions commemorated in the Memorial Hall of Warrington. Frederick Birchall had at least two sisters, Elizabeth A. and Edith J.
Educated in Lancashire schools, Birchall initially pursued higher education but left college upon realizing that his family intended for him to enter the ministry. Opting instead for a career in journalism, he began as a volunteer reporter for a local newspaper. Over time, he worked for various English newspapers, including The Pall Mall Gazette.

## Career
### New York

Birchall moved to the United States in 1883. He started with a work for a news bureau covering the New York police headquarters. Later he took a job of the copy editor at the New-York Tribune. After that, Birchall became assistant city editor of the Morning Sun.
For 27 years, Birchall was one of the chief news executives of The New York Times. He joined The New York Times in 1905 as night city editor. In 1912 he moved to an assistant managing editor.
In 1926, when Carr Van Anda retired, Birchall was promoted to acting managing editor and stayed in the latter role until 1931.
After a brief break, Birchall returned to The New York Times in 1932 and agreed to be sent abroad and take charge of the entire European news service for the newspaper. From 1932 to 1939 Birchall worked as a manager of the European service. He was attached to no one bureau and moved to Europe following the most important international developments. Birchall's reputation as a tough observer of Germany grew rapidly. His series of stories on the European political situation, covering particularly the rise of Nazism, won him the Pulitzer Prize for foreign correspondence in 1933.

### Works

* 1940: The Storm Breaks. A Panorama of Europe and the Forces that Have Wrecked Its Peace (The Viking Press)

## Death

Birchall died on March 7, 1955 in the Dawson Memorial Hospital, Bridgewater (N.S., Canada), just a couple of weeks after attending his wife's funeral in New York.
# Nikon Coolpix P900

The Nikon Coolpix P900 is a superzoom digital bridge camera announced by Nikon on March 2, 2015. With 83× zoom limit and a maximum 2000 mm 35 mm equivalent focal length, it was the greatest-zooming bridge camera at the time of its announcement, a record it held for almost two years, until the release of Kodak's Pixpro Astro Zoom AZ901 in early 2017 with its 90× zoom ratio. The record was later overtaken by the P900's successor, the Nikon P1000 on September 6, 2018, a record it still holds as of September 2020. The P900 complemented its shorter-zooming sister model, the Nikon Coolpix P610, which was announced a few weeks earlier. Later released is the Nikon Coolpix P950, which is nearly identical to the P900, adding several improvements, the most notable being a flash hotshoe, 4K video and RAW shooting.
# Aquilegia amaliae

Aquilegia amaliae, common name Amalia's columbine, is a perennial species of plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the southern Balkans.

## Description

The plant is slightly shorter and more slender than the similar but more widespread Aquilegia vulgaris, with pale blue-violet sepals and pale purple nectar spurs.

## Taxonomy

The species is sometimes considered a subspecies of Aquilegia ottonis.

### Etymology

The specific epithet amaliae honours Amalia of Oldenburg, the wife of King Otto of Greece after whom A. ottonis is named.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is native to Albania, Greece, and North Macedonia. It grows in rocky mountainous habitats.

## Conservation

As of December 2024, the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List.

## Ecology

Aquilegia amaliae is known to be attacked by the smut fungus Urocystis sorosporioides, which creates pustules on the leaves.
# Multnomah, Portland, Oregon

Multnomah is a neighborhood in the southwest section of Portland, Oregon, centered on the Multnomah Village business district. The community developed in the 1910s around a depot of the Oregon Electric Railway of the same name. It was annexed by the city of Portland on November 7, 1950.
Multnomah is bordered by SW 45th Ave. on the west, SW Capitol Hill Road on the east, SW Vermont St. on the north, and I-5 in the south. Exceptions are the area north of SW Nevada Ct. and east of SW 26th Ave. (part of Hillsdale), an area south of SW Multnomah Blvd. and north of SW Dolph St. where SW 48th Ave. is the western border, and an area south of SW Marigold St. where SW Capitol Highway is the western border. The neighborhood is bordered by Maplewood, Ashcreek, and Crestwood on the west, Hayhurst and Hillsdale to the north, and South Burlingame, Markham, and West Portland Park to the south and east.
A bit of Portland history played out in the Village on April 7, 1987, when Mayor Bud Clark fired Police Chief Jim Davis while the two were having a breakfast meeting at the Fat City Cafe.
The neighborhood celebrates "Multnomah Days" with a parade and street festival on the third Saturday of August.

## Historic buildings

* The Multnomah School (1913) has, since 1979, served as the Multnomah Art Center.
* The Nelson Thomas building (1913) now houses Marco's Cafe.
* Fat City Cafe, Multnomah Village, Portland, Oregon.The 1925 Masonic Lodge (Orenomah Chapter No. 141) is now the Lucky Labrador Public House.

## Temporary homeless shelter

In November 2015, the City of Portland opened up the Jerome F. Sears building as a temporary homeless shelter, which was a controversial shelter operated by an organization called Transition Projects. Then mayor Charlie Hales promised the shelter was going to close on May 31, 2016. In June 2016, the city asked to remain open for three additional months, however the neighbors demanded the shelter closed. Neighbors have expressed that city is trying a "bait and switch" and also commented that the former Army Reserve building was deeded to the city for use as emergency management use only.

## Parks

* Gabriel Park (1950)
* A Park (1954), previously Custer Park, named for Gen. George Armstrong Custer. The change was made by Amanda Fritz in December 2020.
# National Reserve Bank of Tonga

The National Reserve Bank of Tonga (NRBT; Tongan: Pangikē Pule Fakafonua ʻo Tongá) is the central bank of Tonga. The Reserve Bank is responsible for regulating the issue and supply of domestic and international currency, as well as promoting monetary stability and economic development. It also advises the Ministry of Finance on banking and monetary matters, acts as the principal banker and fiscal agent of the Government of Tonga, and is responsible for the licensing and supervision of financial institutions. The current Governor is Tatafu Moeaki who succeeded Ngongo Kioa.
NRBT is active in promoting financial inclusion and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.
NRBT Building hosts the Embassy of Japan.
NRBT Is the current tallest building in Tonga, standing at 18m (59 ft).

## History

National Reserve Bank of Tonga was established on 1 July 1989. It was preceded as monetary authority and holder of foreign reserves by Bank of Tonga, which was established in 1974.

## Governors

Governor of the bank is appointed for renewable five-year terms.
* Alan E. Gee, July 1989 - July 1991
* Siosiua 'Utoikamanu, July 1991 – May 2003
* Siosi Cocker Mafi, May 2003 – July 2013
* Sione Ngongo Kioa, August 2013 — October 2022
* Tatafu Moeaki, December 2022 — present
# Ella O'Grady

Ella O'Grady (born 14 September 2005) is an Australian women's soccer forward who plays for Melbourne Victory.

## Honours

Melbourne Victory

## Personal Life

Ella has a brother and three sisters.
# Gísli Eyjólfsson

Gísli Eyjólfsson (born 31 May 1994) is an Icelandic footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Halmstads BK and the Iceland national team.

## Career

Gísli Eyjólfsson made his international debut for Iceland on 29 May 2021 in a friendly match against Mexico in Arlington, Texas.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of 8 June 2021
Iceland :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2021 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 0 |
# 1950 (Amedeo Minghi song)

"1950" (also spelled by its Italian reading "Millenovecentocinquanta") is a 1983 song composed by Gaio Chiocchio (lyrics) and Amedeo Minghi (music) and performed by Amedeo Minghi.

## Background

The song was Amedeo Minghi's entry for the 33th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, where it was eliminated; its exclusion from the finals led the festival artistic director Gianni Ravera to publicly complain about the voting mechanism (which was eventually changed the following year) and to suggest the possible re-introduction of a recovery commission for high-quality eliminated songs (as it existed in the 1960s). Despite its poor outcome at the festival, "1950" received critical acclaim and during the years proved to be one of Minghi's signature songs. The popularity of the song was reinforced by the cover version recorded by Gianni Morandi as B-side of his 1985 single "Uno su mille".
The song, a love story set immediately after World War II in newly liberated Rome, has been described as "the best song of the year", "a masterpiece of refined beauty" characterized by "a great delicacy of poetic tones [...] that strike the heart with elegance" and "the intensity of a classically romantic melody".

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) Sales from 2009 | Gold | 50,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Padas River

The Padas River (Malay: Sungai Padas) is a river in Interior Division, southwestern Sabah of Malaysia. It has a total length of 120 km (75 miles) from its headwaters in the mountains of northwest Sabah to its outlet at the South China Sea, southwest of Beaufort town. It originates from the Long Pasia in Sipitang and goes through the mountains in the interior Beaufort, Keningau and Tenom Districts, which are part of the Crocker Range system. Padas river is from Long Pasia.

## Features

The river is important to provide water supply to Labuan and both districts of Beaufort and Tenom including as the main source of hydroelectric power to entire west coast of Sabah. The river is among the destination for water rafting activities in Sabah aside from Liwagu and Kiulu River.
* Rocks in the river.
* The river view from Padas Valley.
* Vehicle bridge passing the river in Beaufort.
* Water rafting activities in the river whitewater.
# Icon: Number Ones

Icon: Number Ones (released as Best of Number Ones on the iTunes Store) is the third greatest hits album by American singer Janet Jackson. It was released on August 31, 2010, by Interscope Geffen A&M Records and Universal Music Enterprises as a part of the Icon album series, designed to feature "the greatest hits, signature tunes and fan favorites of the most popular artists in music history."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the compilation a three and-a-half out of five star rating, commenting that it was "divided fairly" between her '80s and '90s hits, but also said that "Not every one of her big hits is here — 'The Pleasure Principle', 'Rhythm Nation', 'Love Will Never Do (Without You)', 'If', 'Got Til It's Gone' are all MIA — but this is a good sampler indicating the breadth and depth of Miss Janet’s work."

## Charts

Chart performance for Icon: Number Ones :
| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 40 |