OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Punia, Lithuania

Punia is a historic village in the Alytus District Municipality, Lithuania. Situated on the right bank of the Nemunas River, it has a population of about 800. It was an important early city of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

## History
### Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The town was first mentioned in 1382. The first church was built in 1425, likely by Vytautas the Great. Because of its good geographical location (Nemunas, direct route to Trakai), Punia became a local centre.

#### 16th century

In 1503, the town received Magdeburg rights and was promoted to city status.

#### 17th century

The city reached its peak in the 17th century and became known for its pottery and smithery. The third church was built in 1688.

#### 18th century

At the beginning of the 18th century, Punia suffered a great deal of damage from the Great Northern War at the hands of the Swedish and did not recover until the end of the century. In 1785 a town hall was built.

### 19th century

During the middle of the 19th century Jews settled in the town, developing trade and helping the town recover from two large fires. After the second fire, a new brick church replaced the old wooden church. By 1866 the number of residents almost doubled since 1833, reaching 1,000.
A Torah from Punia is now housed in the ark at Victory Park Shul in Randburg, South Africa.

### 20th century

Punia suffered from another major fire, the World Wars, Soviet repressions and by 1939 it had only about 200 residents left. It recovered a bit only in the 1960s when it became the administrative centre of the local kolkhoz.

## Hill of Margiris

Punia is proud of the Hill of Margiris (Lithuanian: Margirio kalnas, 30 metres high), one of the largest hill forts in Lithuania, in the bend of the Nemunas River. It is believed to be the location of legendary Pilėnai which was destroyed in 1336 by the Teutonic Knights. The heroic defence of the castle is described by Władysław Syrokomla in his poetic novel "Margier". The castle was rebuilt in the 16th century only to be soon destroyed again.
# Durham Amateur Rowing Club

Durham Amateur Rowing Club (DARC) is a rowing club on the River Wear, based at City Boathouse, Green Lane, Old Elvet, Durham, County Durham, England.

## History

The club was founded in 1860 and is affiliated to British Rowing. The original boathouse was built in 1897 near Prebends Bridge and DARC shared the facilities with St Leonard's School Boat Club.
In 1969 DARC moved to its present boathouse site at Green Lane.
On 14 September 2007 the boathouse was rebuilt.
The club has produced multiple British champions.

## Honours
### British champions

| Year | Winning crew/s |
| 1974 | Men 4x, Women 4x, Men L1x |
| 1992 | Men J16 2x, Men J14 1x, Women J16 2x |
| 1996 | Men J182x, Women J16 2x, Women J15 1x |
| 1999 | Men U23 1x |
| 2000 | Women J15 2x |
| 2003 | Women 4-, Women L4x |
| 2007 | Women J16 1x |
| 2024 | Open J15 1x |
# Parthian shot

The Parthian shot is a light cavalry hit-and-run tactic made famous by the Parthians, an ancient Iranian people. While performing a real or feigned retreat at full gallop, the horse archers would turn their bodies back to shoot at the pursuing enemy. The maneuver required superb equestrian skills, since the rider's hands were occupied by his composite bow and his body was twisted around. As the stirrup had not been invented at the time of the Parthians, the rider relied solely on balance to stay mounted and guide his horse.

## History

In addition to the Parthians and their successors, the Sasanians, this tactic was used by most nomads of the Eurasian Steppe, including the Scythians, Xiongnu, Huns, Turks, Magyars, Koreans, Mongols, as well as the Urartians and the Comanche.
The Parthians used the tactic to great effect in their victory over the Roman general Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae.
A tactic similar to the Parthian shot was attributed to the Phoenicians from Sidon by Silius Italicus.
The tactic was also used by Muslim conqueror Muhammad of Ghor in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 against Indian elephants, heavy cavalry and heavy infantry, by Alp Arslan in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 against the Byzantines, and by Subutai in the Battle of Legnica in 1241 against Polish knights.

## As metaphor

The term "Parthian shot" is also used as a metaphor to describe a barbed insult, delivered as the speaker departs.
   With which Parthian shot he walked away, leaving the two rivals open-mouthed behind him.
   His Parthian shot reached them as they closed the doors. 'Never mind darlings', they heard him say, 'we can all sleep soundly now Turner's here.'
   You wound, like Parthians, while you fly, And kill with a retreating eye.
   That last Parthian shot went home.
   Leaving this Parthian shaft to rankle in Anne’s stormy bosom, Marilla descended to the kitchen, grievously troubled in mind and vexed in soul.

## Gallery

* Korean(Goguryeo) Horse Back Archery in 5th-century.
# UB

UB or Ub may refer to:

## Organizations

* Basel University Library, German: Bibliothek der Universität Basel, abbreviated UB.
* UltimateBet, a defunct online poker site
* Ungermann-Bass, a computer networking company in California
* United Biscuits, a British and European food manufacturer
* United Breweries Group, a brewery conglomerate in India
* Urząd Bezpieczeństwa (1945–1954), part of the Polish secret police
* Church of the United Brethren in Christ, also known as the United Brethren
* Myanmar National Airlines, IATA code UB
* Urban Behavior, defunct Canadian retailer

## Places

* Ub, Serbia, a town in Serbia
* Ub (river), a river in Serbia
* UB postcode area, in London, England
* Ulaanbaatar (Ulan Bator), Mongolia

## Universities

* University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, US
* Bakrie University, Jakarta, Indonesia
* Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
* University at Buffalo, New York, US
* University of Baguio, Philippines
* University of the Bahamas
* University of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
* University of Baltimore, Maryland, US
* University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
* University of Basrah, Iraq
* University of Batangas, Philippines
* University of Belgrade, Serbia
* University of Belgrano, Argentina
* University of Birmingham, UK
* University of Bohol, Philippines
* University of Botswana
* University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
* University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
* University of Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, UK
* University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
* University of Burgundy, France

## Science and technology

* Berezin UB, a Soviet World War II machine gun
* Ubiquitin, a small regulatory protein
* Undefined behavior, in computer science, operations that are unspecified
* Universal Beam, a type of I-beam
* Upper bound, a mathematical concept in order theory

## Other uses

* Ub Iwerks (1901–1971), American animator and cartoonist
* Ugly Betty, an American drama-comedy television series
* German submarine UB, German name for the captured British submarine HMS Seal (N37)
* German Type UB submarine
* Upward Bound, a United States Department of Education-sponsored program
* The Urantia Book, a spiritual and philosophical book published in 1955
* U.S.C. de Bananier, Guadeloupean football club in Capesterre-Belle-Eau
* U.S. Bitonto, an Italian association football club in Bitonto, Apulia
# Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein

Ferdinand Augustin Haller von Hallerstein (Slovene: Ferdinand Avguštin Haller von Hallerstein; 27 August 1703 – 29 October 1774), also known as August Allerstein or by his Chinese name Liu Songling (simplified Chinese: 刘松龄; traditional Chinese: 劉松齡; pinyin: Liú Sōnglíng), was a Jesuit missionary and astronomer from Carniola (then Habsburg monarchy, now Slovenia). He was active in 18th-century China and spent 35 years at the imperial court of the Qianlong Emperor as the head of the Imperial Astronomical Bureau and Board of Mathematics. He created an armillary sphere with rotating rings at the Beijing Observatory and was the first demographer in China who precisely calculated the exact number of Chinese population of the time (198,214,553). He also participated in Chinese cartography, serving concurrently as a missionary, "cultural ambassador" and mandarin between 1739 and 1774.

## Life and work

Hallerstein was born on 27 August 1703 in Ljubljana (in older sources in Mengeš, incorrectly citing the date as 18 August 1703), Carniola (then part of the Habsburg monarchy, now in Slovenia) as a member of the Hungarian branch of the famous Haller von Hallerstein family from Nuremberg, Germany. He was baptized Ferdinandus Augustinus Haller L.B. ab Hallerstein in Ljubljana on 28 August 1703. He spent his youth in Mengeš, where his family owned Ravbar Castle, and studied at the Jesuit college in Ljubljana.
He was a member of the Academy of Sciences in all the three cities, from Germany and Vienna, where he mainly published his scientific disputes, to Rome and Lisbon, the city of his correspondence and of his personal friend – the Queen of Portugal. It was from Portugal that he travelled to India as a missionary, where he worked in Goa and Macau and then continued his travel to Beijing, China.
The former Beijing Astronomical Observatory, now a museum, still hosts the armillary sphere with rotating rings, which was made under Hallerstein's leadership and is considered the most prominent astronomical instrument.
His list and the Chinese translation reached Europe in 1779. The Chinese emperors objected to census-taking, or at least to census-publication, lest the Chinese might recognize their strength and grow restless. It confirms all the calculations of one of his predecessors, Father Amiot and affords proof of the progressive increase of the Chinese population. In the 25th year, he found 196,837,977 souls, and in the following year, 198,214,624. Hallerstein's census is to be found in "Déscription Générale de la Chine", p. 283.
He was buried in the Jesuits' Zhalan Cemetery in Beijing.

## Legacy

In Budapest, translations of his letters were published in the 18th century.
A part of the Third Conference of the European Society for the History of Science was dedicated to Hallerstein and his transfer of mid-European science to Beijing and back. In recent years he has attracted the attention of Chinese historians as the creator of the most intriguing astronomic instrument at the old Beijing observatory, the spherical astrolabe, a "celestial globe".
The asteroid 15071 Hallerstein is named after Hallerstein.
# Kankakee County Soldiers

The Kankakee County Soldiers was a semi-professional basketball team of the Independent Basketball Association (IBA).
For their first five seasons (2007–11), the Soldiers played in the International Basketball League (IBL). In October 2011 team president Barry Bradford formed the Independent Basketball Association. The Soldiers were one of six charter members of the IBA.

## History

Formed in 2007 as the Chicago Heights Soldiers, the club became the Windy City Soldiers in 2008. For the 2009 season it was announced that the team name would change from Windy City Soldiers to Kankakee County Soldiers.
Kankakee County played six seasons in the IBL, winning the 2010 Winter season.
The Soldiers were winners of the first five IBA championships. That streak ended in June 2014 when Grand Rapids Fusion captured the IBA Spring season title.

## Season by season

| Season | Wins | Losses | Finish | Playoffs |
| 2007 IBL | 0 | 18 | 6th | |
| 2008 IBL | 11 | 16 | 4th | |
| 2009 IBL | 12 | 8 | 4th | |
| 2010 IBL Spring | 22 | 11 | 4th | |
| 2010 IBL Winter | 3 | 0 | 1st | IBL Champions |
| 2011 IBL | 15 | 10 | 5th | |
| 2011-12 Fall | 12 | 5 | 1st | IBA Champion |
| 2012 Spring | 12 | 3 | 1st | IBA Champion |
| 2012-13 Fall | 18 | 2 | 1st | IBA Champion |
| 2013 Spring | ? | ? | ? | IBA Champion |
| 2013-14 Fall | 13 | 3 | 1st | IBA Champion |
| 2014 Spring | 7 | 4 | 2nd | IBA Runner-up |
| 2014-15 Fall | 5 | 6 | 4th | Semifinalist |
| 2015 Spring | 6 | 5 | 4th | IBA Runner-up |
| 2015 Fall | 6 | 2 | 1st | IBA Champion |

## All-Stars
### 2007 IBL

* Barry Bradford
* Amir Major
# Niagara Falls City Hall

Niagara Falls City Hall is a historic city hall located at Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York. It was constructed in 1923–1924, in the Beaux-Arts style. The building embodies Neo-Classical Revival architectural details. It features a centrally arranged rectangular form, with a central projecting pavilion, fluted columns with Ionic capitals, and smooth ashlar sandstone walls with pilasters.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

## Gallery

* Niagara Falls City Hall, Rear view
# Puzzle of the Space Pyramids

Puzzle of the Space Pyramids is a fix-up science fiction novel by American writer Eando Binder. It tells the story of several successive space expeditions to Mars, Venus, Mercury and Jupiter. As each planet is found to harbor various (usually hostile) alien life, each expedition must survive both the elements and the attacks by the natives. The continuing thread through the expeditions is the discovery of an ancient pyramid on each planet they explore. These puzzling pyramids were apparently built by an unknown primeval civilization far older than and unrelated to the current inhabitants. When a final pyramid is found on Jupiter, its existence may point the way to their builder's secret.

## Contents

The novel is a fix-up novel taken from stories published in the magazine Thrilling Wonder Stories.
* "Via Etherline" (October 1937; chapters 1-2)
* "Via Asteroid" (February 1938, chapters 3-4)
* "Via Death" (August 1938; chapters 5-6)
* "Via Venus" (October 1939; chapters 7-8)
* "Via Pyramid" (January 1940; chapters 9-11)
* "Via Sun" (March 1940; chapters 12-13)
* "Via Mercury" (October 1940; chapters 14-16)
* "Via Catacombs" (November 1940; chapters 17-19)
* "Via Intelligence" (December 1940; chapters 20-22)
* "Via Jupiter" (February 1942; chapters 23-33)
# Break My Face

"Break My Face" is a song by American pop band AJR. Released on April 26, 2019, the track appears fifth on their third studio album, Neotheater (2019). It was distributed via the band's label AJR Productions and S-Curve, additionally receiving an Amazon Music exclusive version as a promotional single and music video on August 15. The song utilizes a stuttered pop melody with piano and trumpet while lyrically presenting confidence in personality over physical appearance, embracing imperfections connected to the latter.

## Background

"Break My Face" was one of the final songs written for Neotheater (2019). For it, AJR wanted to create a track with a meaning less complex than others on the album, taking inspiration from the Red Hot Chili Peppers. The song's first draft took the title literally, discussing plastic surgery and the Kardashians. This was scrapped, and the band instead chose to parallel "100 Bad Days" from the same album, using a Friedrich Nietzsche aphorism for the message: It is off-quoted as "what doesn’t kill you makes you ugly". This was done to put the phrase through a more realistic and relatable lens, contrasting the mainstream usage of the original version. Neotheater was released on April 26, 2019, featuring "Break My Face" as the fifth track.

## Composition

"Break My Face" is a high-energy song, with Skyler Simpson of The Knight Crier describing its composure as a "catchy, feel-good vibe". The track primarily includes digital instrumentation in a hip hop style, using piano chords placed in stuttering intervals, programmed drums, and trumpets. The latter has artificial harmonies applied to it, created by an Auto-Tune effect inspired by Daft Punk's "Get Lucky". Throughout Neotheater, various elements and lyrics are reprised between other songs, acting as easter eggs to create an experience comparable to Broadway. In "Break My Face", a melodic sample of "Birthday Party" is included.

## Apptronic version

An alternate recording of "Break My Face" was released as a promotional single on August 15, 2019, exclusively streamable through Amazon Music. On the service, it is subtitled "(Amazon Original)", while its music video on YouTube is subtitled "(Apptronic Version)". The video, additionally released on August 15, shows AJR performing the song only using digital instruments from Amazon tablets.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* Adam Met – instruments, composer
* Jack Met – lead vocals, instruments, composer
* Ryan Met – vocals, instruments, composer, producer, programming
* Chris Gehringer – mastering
* Joe Zook – mixing
* Drew Allsbrook – live engineering, bass
* JJ Kirkpatrick – trumpet
* Samia Finnerty – additional vocals
# MTV Girls on Top

MTV Girls on Top is an Indian Hindi Romance television series. It premiered on 7 March 2016. It was broadcast on MTV India and produced by BBC Worldwide Productions, airing Monday to Thursday nights. The final episode was broadcast on 29 September 2016.
The series highlighted challenges and issues women face in India. The three leading women navigate careers, love, and their responsibilities.

## Plot

The show follows the lives of three young women living together in Mumbai as they look to further their careers: Isha (a young TV producer), Gia (an aspiring broadcast journalist), and Revati (a DJ hoping to win an international DJ competition in Amsterdam). It showcases the various challenges they face while trying to elevate their careers, including their love lives, responsibilities and friendship.

## Cast

* Saloni Chopra as Isha Jaisingh
* Barkha Singh as Gia Sen
* Ayesha Adlakha as Revati Chauhan
* Ritwika Gupta as YouTuber Shalini who advises Isha
* Shantanu Maheshwari as Sahir Bhasin
* Yuvraj Thakur as Azhar Khan
* Arjun Singh as Guruvinder Singh
* Sana Sayyad as Megha
* Shruti Bapna as Diana (Gia's Boss)
* Shweta Padda as Marium Khan (Azhar's Mom)
* Krissann Barretto as Tapasya
* Macedon Dmello as Rossy
* Pranav Misshra as Shekhar
* Sneha Gupta as Mithali
* Priyanka Soni as Vrushali
# Sepidan County

Sepidan County (Persian: شهرستان سپیدان) is in Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Ardakan.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, five villages merged to form the new city of Hamashahr. Shesh Pir Rural District was separated from Hamaijan District to join the Central District.
In 2019, Beyza District was separated from the county in the establishment of Beyza County.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 87,801 in 20,127 households. The following census in 2011 counted 89,398 people in 24,172 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 91,049 in 26,381 households.

### Administrative divisions

Sepidan County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Sepidan County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 24,059 | 34,478 | 32,945 |
| Khafri RD | 4,035 | 4,083 | 4,594 |
| Komehr RD | 3,812 | 3,849 | 3,363 |
| Shesh Pir RD | | 9,885 | 10,355 |
| Ardakan (city) | 16,212 | 16,661 | 14,633 |
| Beyza District | 36,694 | 36,737 | 39,883 |
| Banesh RD | 9,718 | 9,422 | 9,397 |
| Beyza RD | 13,761 | 12,233 | 12,349 |
| Kushk-e Hezar RD | 9,622 | 10,848 | 10,885 |
| Beyza (city) | 3,593 | 4,234 | 7,252 |
| Hamaijan District | 27,048 | 17,993 | 18,214 |
| Hamaijan RD | 15,449 | 12,124 | 12,073 |
| Shesh Pir RD | 8,197 | | |
| Sornabad RD | 3,402 | 2,636 | 2,289 |
| Hamashahr (city) | | 3,233 | 3,852 |
| Total | 87,801 | 89,398 | 91,049 |
| RD = Rural District ||||

## Handicrafts and tourism

Its cool summer climate, snow-covered mountains, and natural tourist attractions, such as Tizab Gorge, Chelleh-gah, and riding tracks and ski slopes, have helped boost the tourism industry.
# Paula Amorim

Paula Fernanda Ramos Amorim (born 20 January 1971) is a Portuguese businesswoman, daughter of the businessman Américo Amorim. In 2016, she assumed the presidency of the board of directors of Galp Energia.

## Biography

Amorim was born in Porto on 20 January 1971, the eldest daughter of the businessman Américo Amorim and Maria Fernanda de Oliveira Ramos, she has two sisters: Marta and Luísa Amorim. She has two children from her first marriage: Rui (born 1996) and Francisca (born 2000); and one child, Manuel (born 2020), from her second marriage with Miguel Bleck Guedes de Sousa, via surrogacy.

## Career

Amorim attended the Real Estate Management course at the School of Real Estate Activities (ESAI), and at the age of 20 she started working in the Américo Amorim Group, dedicating herself in the following years to the real estate, forestry and agricultural areas.
Currently, Amorim is president and shareholder of Américo Amorim Group - Amorim Holding II, SGPS, SA - a Portuguese business group.
In November 2016, she assumed the Presidency of the Board of Directors of Galp Energia, SGPS, S.A., after four years of vice-presidency
Galp Energia is a group of Portuguese companies in the energy sector, with activities ranging from the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, to the refining and distribution of petroleum products, to the distribution and sale of natural gas and to the generation of energy power. It is currently one of the largest companies in Portugal. Amorim Energia, B.V., Of which Paula Amorim is an Administrator, is the main shareholder of Galp Energia, with a qualified holding of 33,34%.
Amorim is also a shareholder and member of the Board of Directors of Tom Ford International and owner of multi-brand Fashion Clinic stores and the Italian brand Gucci franchise in Portugal. The latter two are part of the holding Amorim Luxury, SGPS, S.A.
In 2019, Amorim was recognised as one of the 25 most influential women in Portugal.
# Coller

Coller is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amrose B. Coller (1885–1951), American politician
* Barry S. Coller, American physician
* Frank Coller (1866–1938), British lawyer, judge and civil servant
* Jeremy Coller (born 1958), British businessman and philanthropist
* Julius A. Coller (1859-1940), American lawyer and politician
* Ray Coller (1907–1969), Australian rules footballer
# Miloš Obradović

Miloš Obradović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обрадовић; born 30 March 1987) is a former Serbian footballer and current sporting director of Jedinstvo Ub.
# Nicholas Johnson Mill

The Nicholas Johnson Mill, also known as the Schollenberger Mill, is a historic American grist mill that is located in Colebrookdale Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## History and architectural features

The mill was built in 1861, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, brick building with a basement. Erected on a stone foundation, it measures thirty-six feet by forty feet and is three bays wide and four bays deep. Also located on the property are a 2+1⁄2-story, brick farmhouse that was built in 1838, a Switzer bank barn that was built circa 1850, a stone and log tenant house at dates to the early 1800s, and elements of a water power system.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Elections in Perak

Elections in Perak have been held in the Malaysian state of Perak since 1955 and have chosen Perak's elected representatives in the Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Undangan Negeri (the Malaysian federal and state assemblies).

## Federal level
### Federal constituencies

* List of Malayan federal electoral districts (1955–1959)#Perak
* List of former Malaysian federal electoral districts#Perak
* List of Malaysian electoral districts#Perak

### General elections
#### 2022 general election
## State level
### State constituencies

* List of Malayan state and settlement electoral districts (1954–1959)#Perak
* List of former Malaysian state electoral districts#Perak

### State elections
#### 2022 state election
## By-Elections
### State Assembly

* 2025
* Ayer Kuning
* 2020
* Slim
* 1997
* Changkat Jering
* 1983
* Kenering
* Rungkup
* 1982
* Kepayang
* 1977
* Kenering
* 1974
* Alor Pongsu
* 1960
* Grik
* 1957
* Larut South-Matang

### Dewan Rakyat

* 2016
* Kuala Kangsar
* 2014
* Telok Intan
* 2009
* Bukit Gantang
* 1997
* Telok Intan
* 1987
* Gopeng
* 1966
* Krian Laut
* Bruas
* 1961
* Telok Anson
* 1960
* Kampar
* 1957
* Sungai Perak Ulu
* Ipoh-Menglembu