OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Perdicella ornata

Perdicella ornata is a species of tropical, tree-living, air-breathing, land snails in the family Achatinellidae. This species is endemic to Hawaii in the United States.

## Description

Perdicella ornata has a shiny, acutely pyramidal shell with six margined whorls that reaches a height of approximately 1.48 cm. The shell's surface is patterned longitudinally with alternating white and black zigzags. The shell's lips are slightly thick at the edge, and the columella is broad and flattened.

## Distribution and habitat

Perdicella ornata is endemic to the island of Maui, Hawaii. In 1853, it was found in the rainforest on Mt. Helu in western Maui, while another population was found in eastern Maui. In a small area, this unique species can be found in a deep ravine behind Lahaina, Hawaiian islands. It thrives in arboreal areas.

## Conservation threats

Its global status is G1, indicating that it is critically endangered and at high risk of extinction. It was last reviewed on August 7, 1990. In 1982, only one population was reported from West Maui. Its national status is N1, indicating that it is in grave danger of extinction due to a small population and number of occurrences, a limited range, severe threats, and other aspects. Furthermore, the species' state status is S1, which has a comparable reason to G1. Threats to Hawaii's rare species of snail, Perdicella ornata, include over-collection, invasive predators such as Euglandina, Oxychilus, and rats.As well as destruction of habitat,that may be due to climate change. The preservation of these snails and their fragile ecosystems depends heavily on conservation efforts since it is said to be not managed and protected.In order to preserve populations, stop habitat loss, and lessen the effects of climate stress, advocacy for conservation and awareness-building and its importance are crucial. Because of the inspiration that Perdicella ornata's intricate shells provide for art, stories, history, culture, survival, creativity, cultural responsibility, and educational programs, protecting this species show us how stewards of the land and its communities we are.
# Maxine Robinson

Maxine Robinson (born 1968) is an English woman who murdered all three of her children between 1989 and 1993. Convicted of murdering two of the children in 1995, Robinson unsuccessfully appealed against her convictions, claiming their deaths had been natural. However, in 2004, she admitted killing them and further revealed that she had, in 1989, murdered her first-born child, whose death until then had been considered a SIDS. Her trial judge observed that Robinson's case was a "timely" reminder that "not all mothers in prison for killing their children are the victims of miscarriages of justice."

## Murders

In 1989, Robinson's nine-month-old daughter, Victoria, died suddenly at the family home in Pelton, near Chester-le-Street, County Durham. The death was not considered suspicious at the time and was judged to be a cot death. In 1993, both Robinson's 19-month-old daughter, Christine, and five-month-old son, Anthony, also died suddenly. Suspicion fell on Robinson because she had not employed the resuscitation training she received after Victoria's death. Robinson denied any wrongdoing and claimed the children also suffered cot death. Some experts called by the defense at her trial agreed with her claims that the deaths were natural, though a Home Office pathologist testified that the deaths were consistent with suffocation. Robinson was convicted of their murders at trial in 1995 by a narrow majority verdict. She appealed against the verdict, but her conviction was upheld.

## Confessions

Robinson's conviction had in part been based upon the evidence of paediatrician Roy Meadow, who had devised a statistical theory that said that more than one unexplained child death in a family was suspicious, and more than two indicated murder. Meadow's work was subsequently discredited and several convictions based upon his evidence were quashed, such as in the Angela Cannings, Trupti Patel and Sally Clark cases. In January 2004, the Attorney General ordered Robinson's conviction, along with many others based on Meadow's evidence, to be reviewed as potentially unsafe.
Before a review could occur, however, Robinson told a prison 'listener' (a prisoner trained by Samaritans to provide support to other prisoners) at HM Prison Durham that she had killed all three of her children, revealing that they had been smothered in their sleep. She was charged with Victoria's murder in April 2004. Although advised by her defence to plead guilty to infanticide with diminished responsibility, Robinson instead pleaded guilty to murder, saying she had smothered the baby with a deflated balloon. She said she had killed Victoria as she had been unable to cope with her, was depressed at the time and was criticised by her mother.
Robinson was already serving a life sentence for the murder of her two younger children when she pleaded guilty to murdering the oldest. The judge increased her minimum term by three years, remarking that the case was a "timely" reminder that "not all mothers in prison for killing their children are the victims of miscarriages of justice."
# Yakir Shina

Yakir Shina (Hebrew: יקיר שינה; born 25 September 1985) is an Israeli footballer who plays for Hapoel Marmorek. He had been loaned to Hapoel Ramat Gan, Hapoel Acre, Maccabi Ahi Nazareth and played for Beitar Tel Aviv Ramla, Hapoel Bnei Lod and Hapoel Ra'anana, and is a defender.
Yakir began his career with Maccabi Tel Aviv. He moved to Maccabi Ahi Nazareth in 2008. In the 2008-2009 season Maccabi Ahi Nazareth played in Liga Leumit and promoted to Ligat Ha'al and the fans of the team insisted that they wanted him to stay in the team at least for one more season. In the first match in the 2009/2010 season he scored a goal and showed that he is very talented player. After the match, scouts from Alemannia Aachen were interested by his fast and "fighting" playing style. Unfortunately in the second game against Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. he was injured in the 40th minute and missed the rest of the season.

## Honours

* Liga Leumit
** Winner (1): 2016-17
# Des Plaines River Valley Bridge

The Des Plaines River Valley Bridge is a post-tensioned concrete girder toll bridge in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Illinois. It carries Interstate 355 (I-355) over the Des Plaines River, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, the Illinois and Michigan Canal, several railroad lines, Bluff Road, New Avenue and a forest preserve. It is officially named the Veterans Memorial Bridge. There are title plaques on the square pillars at the north and south entrances to the bridge. The bridge is 1.3 miles (2.1 km) long.
The bridge consists of 34 piers from 10 to 75 feet (3 to 23 m) in height. A lower level bridge was also built for maintenance purposes, and to carry a bicycle trail that will connect other bicycle trails in the area. The total height of the bridge ranges from 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 m). The height of the bridge allows the endangered Hine's Emerald Dragonfly to fly safely beneath the bridge, away from the flow of traffic.
# Leonid Marinich

Leonid Marinich is a Belarusian diplomat who served as ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of Belarus to Uzbekistan in 2018–2025. He was appointed on 5 March 2018 by president Alexander Lukashenko. He previously worked as First Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food.
# Prawase Wasi

Prawase Wasi (Thai: ประเวศ วะสี; RTGS: Prawet Wasi, born 1931) is a Thai haematologist, political actor and public intellectual. A highly influential figure, his works range from thalassaemia-related research and helping develop Thailand's healthcare systems to initiating and backing the 1997 constitution of Thailand. He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service in 1981.
Born in Kanchanaburi Province, Prawase graduated medicine from Siriraj Hospital and undertook postgraduate studies at University of Colorado and London University. He returned to teach as a professor at Siriraj (under Mahidol University, where he became vice president), publishing over 100 research articles, as well as advocating for rural public health development. He was indirectly active in politics, and wrote on political reform, civil society and social change. A liberal royalist, he based much of his writings on Buddhist philosophy. He promoted democratic decentralization, and supported the establishment of various non-governmental organizations. He chaired the Democracy Development Committee, which led to the drafting of the 1997 constitution, and successfully pushed for its adoption.
# Cru (restaurant)

Cru was a restaurant in Greenwich Village, New York City. It had received a Michelin star.

## Notable people

* Tracy Malechek-Ezekiel
# David J. Baker

David Jewett Baker (September 7, 1792 – August 6, 1869) was an American politician in the U.S. state of Illinois. He briefly served as a U.S. Senator in 1830.

## Early life

Baker was born in East Haddam, Connecticut, the son of Joanna (Minor) and Bayze Baker, and moved with his parents to Ontario County, New York as a child. He attended the common schools and in 1816 he graduated from Hamilton College in Clinton, New York. He studied law and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1819. The first place he practiced law was Kaskaskia, Illinois.

## Political career

He served in various political positions in Illinois, and was probate judge of Randolph County from August 1827 to December 6, 1830 when he resigned to become a Senator. Baker was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John McLean and served from November 12, 1830 to December 11, 1830, when a successor was elected and qualified. He thus is one of only a few people who have served in Congress for less than a month.
Baker was not a candidate for election in 1830 to fill the vacancy, and was appointed United States Attorney for the district of Illinois in 1833 and served until 1841. He resumed the practice of law, and died in Alton, and was interred in City Cemetery.
# Kunice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Kunice is a village in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Kunice. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Legnica and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# To Be or Not to Be (play)

To Be or Not to Be is a play written by Nick Whitby, based on the 1942 film To Be or Not to Be. The play, described as a "black comedy" was produced by the Manhattan Theatre Club, and ran on Broadway in 2008.

## Plot

The time is 1939, the place is Warsaw, Poland. A theater troupe run by Josef and Maria Tura is involved in pre-war problems. Josef and Maria help catch a spy, with the aid of Stanislaw Sobinskya, a handsome fighter pilot. Stanislaw has a romantic yearning for Maria.

## Production

To Be or Not to Be premiered on Broadway at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre on September 16, 2008, in previews and officially on October 14, for a limited engagement, closing on November 16 after 40 performances.
The director was Casey Nicholaw, with principal cast including Peter Benson, David Rasche, Peter Maloney and Jan Maxwell. Sets were by Anna Louizos, costumes by Gregg Barnes and lighting by Howell Binkley.
Several cast changes were made prior to the previews: David Rasche took over the part of Josef Tura from Craig Bierko, and Peter Maloney replaced Brian Murray in the role of Dowasz.

## Critical reception

The CurtainUp reviewer called the play an "overcooked theatrical perogi", but goes on to write that the play: "...does follow his [Lubitsch] comedy classic's basic plot of having the thespians foil a Nazi plan to entrap the leaders of the underground movement. Its few laughs come when the script sticks to Edwin Justus Mayer's screenplay...But it's all weighed down by added and unfunny jokes."
# 1875 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1875.

## Dinosaurs

| Taxon | Novelty | Status | Author(s) | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Arctosaurus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Adams | Carnian | Heiberg Formation | Nunavut | Dubious archosauriform |
| Cionodon stenopsis | Sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Cope | Campanian | Belly River Group | Alberta | A species of Cionodon |
| Bothriospondylus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Owen | Kimmeridgian | Kimmeridge Clay Formation | England | A sauropod |
| Marmarospondylus | Gen. nov. | Nomen dubium | Sir Richard Owen | Bathonian | Forest Marble Formation | A new genus for Bothriospondylus robustus named earlier in the same year | |
| Omosaurus armatus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Preoccupied | Owen | Kimmeridgian | Kimmeridge Clay Formation | England | Preoccupied by Omosaurus Joseph Leidy, 1856. Later renamed Dacentrurus |
| Priodontognathus | Gen. nov. | Nomen dubium | Seeley | Oxfordian | Yorkshire | England | A new genus for Iguanodon phillipsii |

## Pterosaurs
### New taxa

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Notes |
| Doratorhynchus | Valid | Seeley | | |

## Synapsids
### Ophiacodontidae

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Clepsydrops | Gen nov | Valid | Cope | early Late Carboniferous | | USA Illinois | An ophiacodontid synapsid | |

## Paleontologists

* Birth of Friedrich von Huene, the well known German paleontologist.
# Culbreath Bayou

Culbreath Bayou is a neighborhood within the city limits of Tampa, Florida. As of the 2000 census the neighborhood had a population of 290. The ZIP Code serving the neighborhood is 33629. It was named after Col. Harry Culbreath, who came to Tampa following the Civil War, fleeing his war-torn home state of South Carolina, cultivating oranges and raising cattle on his land.

## Geography

Culbreath Bayou boundaries are Watrous Ave. to the north, Dunbar to the east, Neptune St. to the South, and West Shore Boulevard to the west.

## Demographics

Source: Hillsborough County Atlas
At the 2000 census there were 290 people and 95 households in the neighborhood. The population density was 5,058/mi$^2$. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 96% White, 0% African American, 0% Native American, 0% Asian, 1% from other races, and 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6%.
Of the 290 households 29% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75% were married couples living together, 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and none were non-families. 15% of households were made up of individuals.
The age distribution was 37% under the age of 18, 6% from 18 to 34, 30% from 35 to 49, 14% from 50 to 64, and 13% 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 100 males.
The per capita income for the neighborhood was $55,121. About 4% of the population were below the poverty line.
# Adyar Library

The Adyar Library and Research Centre was founded in 1886 by theosophist Henry Steel Olcott. The library is at the Theosophical Society Adyar in Adyar, near Chennai.

## History

Henry Steel Olcott founded the "library Olcott" in December 1886. Olcott's small private collection of approx. 200 books in 24 languages was the core of library. During his travels in Asia, Olcott acquired more and often rare books for the library. After Olcott's death in 1907, the library was continued by other theosophists. Today, the library has approx. 250,000 books and 20,000 palm leaves. The library is today among the most important orientalist libraries in the world.
The library was at first situated inside the headquarters of the Theosophical Society. In 1966 it was moved to a separate building, the Adyar Library Building. It also has a public museum that shows old books and manuscripts. The Adyar library is also used by post-graduate students in Sanskrit and Indology of the University of Madras.
In 1990, a bequest by the Australian philanthropist Elliston Campbell (1891 – 1990) further funded the Adyar Library and founded the Campbell Theosophical Research Library, in Sydney, Australia.
The University of Chicago is trying to preserve the old works in the Adyar library with modern techniques.
# Industrialnyi District, Dnipro

Industrialnyi District (Ukrainian: Індустріальний район) is an urban district of the city of Dnipro, in southern Ukraine. It is located at the northern portion of the city on the left-bank of Dnieper River along with the city's Amur-Nyzhniodniprovskyi and Samarskyi districts.

## History

In the 18th century, the area was inhabited by several villages, including one colony of German settlers called "Josefstad".
Since the 1950s the area has been expanded by industry and housing complexes. In the 1960s this led to the need to make the area a new urban district. The Industrialnyi District was created on 23 May 1969 by splitting away the eastern and northern parts of the Amur-Nyzhniodniprovskyi District that predominantly contain areas of heavy industry.
In 1977 the eastern outskirts of the Industrialnyi District along the Samara River were transferred to the newly formed Samarskyi District. The major factory of the district is the Nyzhniodniprovsk Pipe-rolling Factory [uk; ru; de] that is owned by the Ukrainian Interpipe Group.

## Population
### Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:
* $^a$ Those who did not indicate their native language or indicated a language that was native to less than 1% of the local population.

## Neighborhoods

* Nove Klochko
* Livoberezhnyi
* Samarivka
# Diomedes Matos

Diomedes Matos is a Puerto Rican musician and master instrument maker who is most famous for building string instruments. He built his first guitar at age 12 and later studied and mastered construction techniques for several traditional stringed instruments including cuatros, requintos, classical guitars, and the Puerto Rican tres. Matos' instruments are in great demand and he has won many awards and honors for his work. In 2006, he was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
# Flamingo/Lummus

Flamingo/Lummus (often called either Flamingo or Lummus) is an urban neighborhood of South Beach in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States. Named for the famed Flamingo Hotel of the early 20th century, it is located in the eastern portion of the main island the city occupies. It is roughly bound by Lincoln Road to the north, 5th Street to the south, Biscayne Bay and Alton Road to the west, and Ocean Drive and Lummus Park to the east.

## Gallery

* The Flamingo South Beach apartments, built on the former site of the Flamingo Hotel
# Red Thunder (novel)

Red Thunder is a 2003 science fiction novel by American writer John Varley. The novel is an homage to the juvenile science fiction novels written by Robert A. Heinlein.
In 2004, Red Thunder won the Endeavour Award and was nominated for the Campbell Award.
Varley has written three sequels, Red Lightning (2006), Rolling Thunder (2008) and Dark Lightning (2014). The events of the books in the series are set approximately twenty years apart. In an interview on the Republibot website in 2009 he mentioned that "Dark Lightning" would be the final book in the series.

## Synopsis

The novel begins in Florida in the near future against the backdrop of a geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China. Both countries are competing to send their missions to Mars first, although it is clear the Chinese will arrive sooner. The book's protagonist is Manny Garcia, a teenager who is fascinated by space flight. He, along with his girlfriend Kelly, his best friend Dak, and Dak's girlfriend Alicia, are partying on the beach one night and almost run over a man who has passed out from drinking. The man is Travis Broussard, a former astronaut who was forced to retire in disgrace. Travis lives with his cousin Jubal, who is mentally deficient in some ways, but is also a scientific genius.
Jubal has invented a device called the "squeezer", a spherical impenetrable silver force field that can be formed or have its size changed with no energy cost. The squeezer can compress whatever matter is within it to an arbitrarily small volume and then vent the resulting plasma/energy in a controlled way. Travis and the teenagers realize while the device has numerous beneficial uses, it is also a dangerous weapon. They use the squeezers to power a spaceship, and plan to arrive at Mars ahead of the slower traveling American and Chinese missions already in transit and be available to help should Jubal's prediction of problems with the American mission prove true.
They succeed in building on schedule their spaceship called Red Thunder which they make using railroad tank cars and take off. The four teenagers form the crew with Travis as pilot. They arrive at Mars a day ahead of the Chinese mission. They learn from the Chinese that the American mission was stranded by an accident (their VASIMR drive exploded). Red Thunder is able to locate and rescue the surviving crew members during their return to Earth.
When they arrive back on Earth, they are welcomed as heroes. They use the publicity of their trip to ensure that no nation or individual controls the squeezer technology, and help form a separate non-political organization to control and disseminate the new technology. With this new technology, people are able to eliminate waste dumps and pollution, and begin a new era of space travel throughout the solar system and beyond.
# Virginia's 63rd House of Delegates district

Virginia's 63rd House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 63 represents the city of Petersburg as well as part of the city of Hopewell and parts of the counties of Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, and Prince George. The seat is currently held by Kim Taylor.

## List of delegates

| Delegate | Party | Years | Electoral history |
| Jay DeBoer | Democratic | January 12, 1983 – January 9, 2002 | Did not seek reelection |
| Fenton Bland | Democratic | January 9, 2002 – January 26, 2005 | Resigned |
| Rosalyn Dance | Democratic | April 6, 2005 – November 9, 2014 | Won election to Senate |
| Joseph E. Preston | Democratic | January 14, 2015 – January 13, 2016 | Ran for Senate |
| Lashrecse Aird | Democratic | January 13, 2016 – January 12, 2022 | Defeated in bid for reelection |
| Kim Taylor | Republican | January 12, 2022 – present | First elected in 2021 |