# Carson and Colorado Railway

The Carson and Colorado Railway was a U.S. 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad that ran from Mound House, Nevada, to Keeler, California, below the Cerro Gordo Mines. It was incorporated on May 10, 1880, as the Carson and Colorado Railroad, and construction on the railroad began on May 31, 1880. The narrow gauge track was chosen to reduce cost. Much of the route now parallels U.S. Route 95 Alternate, U.S. Route 95, Nevada State Route 360, U.S. Route 6, and U.S. Route 395.
The Carson and Colorado began operations with a single Baldwin 4-4-0, the Candelaria. The first train arrived at Keeler on August 1, 1883. The 300-mile (480 km) route reached an altitude of 7,100 feet (2,200 m) in Montgomery Pass. The railroad served an arid area heavily dependent on mineral resources for economic activity. The line was reorganized as the Carson and Colorado Railway in 1892 to reduce accumulated debt.

## Sale to the Southern Pacific

From its inception, the Carson and Colorado was a hindrance to the Virginia and Truckee Railroad (V&T), the parent company of the C&C, who sold the line to the Southern Pacific Company in 1900. Darius Ogden Mills (part owner) was once quoted saying "Either we built the line 300 miles too long, or 300 years too early!" Silver and gold discoveries at Tonopah, Nevada and Goldfield, Nevada provided a major boost of revenues shortly after the Southern Pacific purchase. From the time of the purchase until 1905, all of the C&C’s freight traveled over the V&T's trackage from Mound House to Reno, and vice versa. Because of the changeover from 3-foot (0.91 m) narrow gauge to standard gauge cars, all the freight had to be handled by hand at Mound House, which caused a great bottleneck, especially after the mining booms of Tonopah and Goldfield. Southern Pacific (SP) proffered an offer to purchase the V&T, but the price was placed too high. As a result, the SP began constructing the Hazen cutoff, which circumvented the V&T entirely after it opened. The northern 140 miles (230 km) from Mound House to Mina, Nevada was converted to 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge in 1905; and the remaining C&C was merged into the Southern Pacific's 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge subsidiary, the Nevada and California Railroad. The Nevada and California Railroad was reorganized into the Central Pacific Railroad in 1912. In the early 20th century, it operated under the name "Southern Pacific Keeler Branch". Portions of the line were abandoned in the 1930s and the 1940s, and the last narrow gauge common carrier made its final run on April 29, 1960. The rails were removed in January, 1961.
The former parent company, Virginia and Truckee Railroad, has been reconstructed from Virginia City to a station near Mound House. Passenger (tourist) service has been restored along much of the original V&T right of way, with investigations into returning service to Carson City again in the future.

## Locomotives

| Number | Builder | Type | Date | Works number | Notes |
| 1st #1 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1880 | 5285 | sold to Eureka and Palisade Railroad 1907 |
| 2nd #1 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-8-0 | 1914 | 41300 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #14 acquired 1928 sold to Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad #9 1933 |
| 3rd #1 | General Electric | 50 Tonner | 1954 | 32226 | sold 1961 |
| 2 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1881 | 5428 | scrapped 1907 |
| 1st #3 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1881 | 5430 | scrapped 1908 |
| 2nd #3 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1887 | 8791 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #3 acquired 1928 scrapped 1934 |
| 1st #4 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1881 | 55782 | sold to Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad #7 1929 |
| 2nd #4 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1899 | 17124 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #4 acquired 1928 scrapped 1934 |
| 1st #5 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1882 | 6089 | scrapped 1932 |
| 2nd #5 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1899 | 17123 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #5 acquired 1928 scrapped 1934 |
| 1st #6 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1882 | 6090 | scrapped 1907 |
| 2nd #6 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1877 | 4223 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #6 merged 1905 scrapped 1926 |
| 3rd #6 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1903 | 22020 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #6 acquired 1928 scrapped 1934 |
| 1st #7 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1883 | 6687 | scrapped 1932 |
| 2nd #7 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1903 | 22012 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #7 acquired 1928 scrapped 1935 |
| 1st #8 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1883 | 6689 | scrapped 1932 |
| 2nd #8 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1907 | 31445 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #8 acquired 1928 donated to Sparks, Nevada 1955 |
| 1st #9 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1885 | 7604 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #16 merged 1905 scrapped 1911 |
| 2nd #9 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1909 | 34035 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #9 acquired 1928 donated to Laws, California 1960 |
| 10 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | 1885 | 7605 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #17 merged 1905 scrapped 1933 |
| 11 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-6-0 | 1881 | 5649 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #11 merged 1905 rebuilt to 4-6-0 1924 scrapped 1934 |
| 12 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-6-0 | 1881 | 5650 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #12 merged 1905 rebuilt to 4-6-0 1924 scrapped 1934 |
| 13 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-8-0 | 1882 | 6157 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #13 merged 1905 scrapped 1927 |
| 14 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1886 | 7939 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #18 merged 1905 retired 1945 |
| 15 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1889 | 9929 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #22 merged 1905 scrapped 1935 |
| 16 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1886 | 7941 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #19 merged 1905 scrapped 1935 |
| 17 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1887 | 8487 | ex-South Pacific Coast Railroad #21 merged 1905 retired 1945, then used to provide steam for the SP engine terminal at Salem, Oregon until scrapped 1952. |
| 18 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1911 | 37395 | ex-Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #12 acquired 1928 donated to Independence, California 1955 |
| 22 | Schenectady Locomotive Works | 4-6-0 | 1899 | 5399 | ex- Florence and Cripple Creek Railroad then Nevada-California-Oregon Railway #22 acquired 1929 scrapped 1949 |

## Towns and railroad stations served

The following were towns or stops along the line:
* Mound House, Nevada (V&T Railroad to Carson City and Virginia City)
* Dayton, Nevada
* Fort Churchill, Nevada
* Wabuska, Nevada (Copper Belt Railway to Yerington)
* Lux, Nevada
* Moquist, Nevada
* Rio Vista, Nevada
* Schurz, Nevada
* Stuckey, Nevada
* Copperhill, Nevada
* Gillis, Nevada
* Rand, Nevada
* Magnus, Nevada
* Walker, Nevada
* Thorne, Nevada
* Hawthorne, Nevada (branch to Cottonwood)
* Cottonwood, Nevada (branch only)
* Kinkead, Nevada
* Luning, Nevada
* New Boston, Nevada
* Mina, Nevada
* Sodaville, Nevada (Soda Springs)
* Rhodes, Nevada
* Tonopah Junction, Nevada (Tonopah and Goldfield Railroad)
* Belleville, Nevada
* Filben, Nevada (spur to Candelaria)
* Candelaria, Nevada (spur only)
* Basalt, Nevada
* Summit, Nevada (Mt. Montgomery)
* Queen, Nevada
* Benton, California
* Hammil Valley, California
* Laws, California, Owensville
* Zurich, California
* Monola, California (formerly Alvord)
* Kearsarge, California
* Manzanar, California
* Owenyo, California (Southern Pacific Railroad to Lone Pine, Ridgecrest, and Los Angeles)
* Alico, California
* Dolomite, California
* Mock, California
* Swansea, California
* Keeler, California

## Restoration effort

In Independence, California, a non-profit group re-incorporated the Carson and Colorado Railway. They have restored locomotive #18, which was left in Independence in excellent condition by the Southern Pacific in 1955. The locomotive moved under its own power for the first time in 62 years on Saturday October 15, 2016. The locomotive is currently housed in a two stall engine house at the Eastern California Museum in Independence, CA. There is close to 1000 feet of track for it to operate on. Former SP boxcars #1C and #15 are on rail with engine #18 as part of the exhibit.

## Gallery of C&C equipment

* The second engine #9, painted in Southern Pacific livery, currently located at the Laws Railroad Museum in Laws, California.
* The engine #18, painted in Southern Pacific livery, currently located in Independence, California. Restored and Operable.
* Carson & Colorado Caboose #1, currently located at the Laws Railroad Museum in Laws, California.
* Carson & Colorado boxcar #7, currently located at the Laws Railroad Museum in Laws, California.
* Live stock car #163, currently located at the Travel Town Museum in Los Angeles, California.
* Carter Brothers box car #1, currently located at the Travel Town Museum in Los Angeles, California.
* Grizzly Flats Railroad Coach #5, built in 1881 for the Carson & Colorado RR, at the Southern California Railway Museum.
* Carson & Colorado Railroad business car #10, the "Esmeralda," at the Southern California Railway Museum.