OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CMR Convention

The CMR Convention (full title Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road; in French Convention relative au contrat de transport international de marchandises par route) is a United Nations convention that was signed in Geneva on 19 May 1956. It relates to various legal issues concerning transportation of cargo by road. It has been ratified by the majority of European states. As of January 2022, it has been ratified by 58 states.
Based on the CMR, the International Road Transport Union (IRU) developed a standard CMR waybill. The CMR waybill is prepared in three languages. On the back is the text again in three languages. This aids the waybill in being accepted and recognised throughout Europe. Checked by customs and police, a transport document must be present when the shipment is transported. The document itself is not prescribed; there is a minimum of information required on the CMR. If hazardous substances are being shipped, some additional information is required, as described in ADR.
This consignment is completed by the sender. The consignment should only be completed with a ballpoint pen, typewriter or computer. The driver who uses the consignment should be familiar with the consignment, and with the waybill, able to inform the recipient about the importance of the various topics on the waybill.
As of 27 May 2008, according to an additional protocol to the CMR-convention, it is also possible to use an updated electronic consignment note – eCMR. As of February 2017, several solutions are available. ITD, Trade association for the Danish road transport of goods has developed a solution; the eCMR waybill. The eCMR is also available on the market in France, Spain and the Netherlands.
First cross-border usage of eCMR took place on 19 January 2017, between Spain and France supported by ASTIC (Asociación de Transporte Internacional por Carretera) and FNTR (Fédération Nationale des Transports Routiers).
On 24 February 2017, the UN reaffirmed its support for eCMR.

## Details

The CMR-waybill consists of the following parts:
* red printing for sender
* blue printing for receiver
* green imprint on carrier
* black print on second carrier (if present)
"CMR" is an abbreviation of the French title of the convention, Convention relative au contrat de transport international de marchandises par route.
# Chair acrobatics

The use of chairs as props in acrobatics falls into three broad categories: balancing, vaulting and contortion.

## Balancing

In chair balancing, one or more acrobats balance on one or more chairs. The chair(s) may be balanced on other objects and/or on just one or two legs while the acrobat(s) themselves may also perform balancing acts on the chair.
The chairs used in balance may have notches cut out or extra pieces of material added to allow them to be stacked at otherwise unstable angles.
Chair balancing acts have been featured in the Cirque du Soleil shows Nouvelle Experience, La Nouba, Dralion, Koozå, Kurios, and Crystal.

## Vaulting

In chair vaulting, the acrobat jumps or tumbles over a chair. Sometimes the chair is used as a launching platform, and sometimes it is carried by the athlete while performing the vault.

## Contortion

Chair contortionists use the chair as a prop for moulding their bodies around.
# Boxing at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's 57 kg

The Men's 57 kg competition of the boxing events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile, was held between October 19 and 27 at the Olympic Training Center. A total of 14 boxers from 14 NOC's competed.
The two finalists will qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

## Qualification

There was a quota of 130 boxers to compete at the games (ten per event). The host nation (Chile) received automatic qualification spots for all events. The remainder of the spots were awarded through various qualifying tournaments. However, the International Olympic Committee later decided the competition was an open registration event, meaning any NOC could enter a boxer into the event.

## Competition format

Like all Pan American boxing events, the competition is a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers are awarded bronze medals, so no boxers compete again after their first loss. Bouts consist of 3 rounds "10-point must" scoring system used, where the winner of each round must be awarded 10 points and the loser a lesser amount, and the elimination of the padded headgear. Five judges scored each bout. The winner will be the boxer who scored the most at the end of the match.

## Results

| Round of 16 (October 19) | Round of 16 (October 19) | Round of 16 (October 19) | Quarterfinals (October 23) | Quarterfinals (October 23) | Quarterfinals (October 23) | Semifinals (October 26) | Semifinals (October 26) | Semifinals (October 26) | Final (October 27) | Final (October 27) | Final (October 27) |
| | | | Jahmal Harvey (USA) | Jahmal Harvey (USA) | 5 | | | | | | |
| Irvin Ibarguen (PAN) | Irvin Ibarguen (PAN) | | Keevin Allicock (GUY) | Keevin Allicock (GUY) | 0 | | | | | | |
| Keevin Allicock (GUY) | Keevin Allicock (GUY) | RSC | | | | Jahmal Harvey (USA) | Jahmal Harvey (USA) | 5 | | | |
| Victor Tremblay (CAN) | Victor Tremblay (CAN) | | | | | Luiz Gabriel Oliveira (BRA) | Luiz Gabriel Oliveira (BRA) | 0 | | | |
| Luiz Gabriel Oliveira (BRA) | Luiz Gabriel Oliveira (BRA) | RSC | Luiz Gabriel Oliveira (BRA) | Luiz Gabriel Oliveira (BRA) | 5 | | | | | | |
| Juan Reyes Donis (EAI) | Juan Reyes Donis (EAI) | 0 | Lucas Fernández (URU) | Lucas Fernández (URU) | 0 | | | | | | |
| Lucas Fernández (URU) | Lucas Fernández (URU) | 5 | | | | | | | Jahmal Harvey (USA) | Jahmal Harvey (USA) | 5 |
| Miguel Vega (MEX) | Miguel Vega (MEX) | 0 | | | | | | | Saidel Horta (CUB) | Saidel Horta (CUB) | 0 |
| Saidel Horta (CUB) | Saidel Horta (CUB) | 5 | Saidel Horta (CUB) | Saidel Horta (CUB) | 3 | | | | | | |
| Yilmar González (COL) | Yilmar González (COL) | 4 | Yilmar González (COL) | Yilmar González (COL) | 2 | | | | | | |
| Caleb Tirado (PUR) | Caleb Tirado (PUR) | 1 | | | | Saidel Horta (CUB) | Saidel Horta (CUB) | 4 | | | |
| José de los Santos (DOM) | José de los Santos (DOM) | 4 | | | | José de los Santos (DOM) | José de los Santos (DOM) | 1 | | | |
| Yoel Finol (VEN) | Yoel Finol (VEN) | 1 | José de los Santos (DOM) | José de los Santos (DOM) | 5 | | | | | | |
| | | | Jean Caicedo (ECU) | Jean Caicedo (ECU) | 0 | | | | | | |
# Bucca tornado

The 1992 Bucca tornado was one of the most violent tornadoes ever observed in Australia, being the first Australian tornado to be officially rated F4 on the Fujita scale. It occurred near the township of Bucca (near Bundaberg) in Queensland on 29 November 1992 at around 2:20pm AEST. The tornado was accompanied by cricket-ball sized hail across Bucca and Bullyard regions.
The tornado damaged or destroyed nine houses, some flattened to the ground. Trees were snapped and stones were found embedded into tree trunks. Several tree saplings were speared into the walls of homes. A refrigerator from one home was blown away and never found. A 3-ton truck was also thrown 300 metres (980 ft) and approximately 20 cattle were killed. Jeff Callaghan, a retired senior severe weather forecaster at the Bureau of Meteorology said “the Bucca tornado was rated a F4 or possibly an F5.” Although the most violent Australian tornado with an official rating, the tornado did not kill or seriously injure anyone.
The weather system that spawned the Bucca tornado was also responsible for an F3 tornado at Oakhurst.
# Ashvin Kotwal

Kotwal Ashvinbhai Laxmanbhai (born 21 October 1964), also known as Ashvin Kotwal or Ashvinkumar Kotval is an Indian farmer and politician who has served in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from 2007 to 2022, representing Khedbrahma. Kotwal is also an Adivasi tribal leader.
On 2 May 2022, Kotwal defected from the Indian National Congress and joined the Bharatiya Janata Party. Kotwal defected because INC refused to give him the role of Leader of the Opposition in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly, selecting Sukhram Rathva instead. He was defeated in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.
# Newton County Jail

The former Newton County Jail is located at the junction of Spring and Elm Streets in Jasper, Arkansas. Built of local stone c. 1903–04, it served as a local lockup until 2009, when a new jail was opened. It is a two-story structure, located just off the courthouse square northwest of the county courthouse. Its main facade has a center entrance flanked by barred windows, and a larger two-leaf casement window, also barred, set in a segmented-arch opening, at the center of the second floor.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
# Boxing at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's 92 kg

The Men's 92 kg competition of the boxing events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile, was held between October 20 and 27 at the Olympic Training Center. A total of 11 boxers from 11 NOC's competed.
The two finalists will qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

## Qualification

There was a quota of 130 boxers to compete at the games (ten per event). The host nation (Chile) received automatic qualification spots for all events. The remainder of the spots were awarded through various qualifying tournaments. However, the International Olympic Committee later decided the competition was an open registration event, meaning any NOC could enter a boxer into the event.

## Competition format

Like all Pan American boxing events, the competition is a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers are awarded bronze medals, so no boxers compete again after their first loss. Bouts consist of 3 rounds "10-point must" scoring system used, where the winner of each round must be awarded 10 points and the loser a lesser amount, and the elimination of the padded headgear. Five judges scored each bout. The winner will be the boxer who scored the most at the end of the match.

## Results

| Round of 16 (October 20) | Round of 16 (October 20) | Round of 16 (October 20) | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | Andrews Salgado (CHI) | Andrews Salgado (CHI) | 0 | | | | | | |
| Jamar Talley (USA) | Jamar Talley (USA) | 0 | Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | 5 | | | | | | |
| Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | 5 | | | | Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | 4 | | | |
| | | | | | | Julio Castillo (ECU) | Julio Castillo (ECU) | 1 | | | |
| | | | Julio Castillo (ECU) | Julio Castillo (ECU) | 5 | | | | | | |
| | | | Rogelio Romero (MEX) | Rogelio Romero (MEX) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | Julio César La Cruz (CUB) | 4 |
| | | | | | | | | | Keno Machado (BRA) | Keno Machado (BRA) | 1 |
| | | | Keno Machado (BRA) | Keno Machado (BRA) | 5 | | | | | | |
| Marlon Hurtado (COL) | Marlon Hurtado (COL) | 5 | Marlon Hurtado (COL) | Marlon Hurtado (COL) | 0 | | | | | | |
| Daniel Guzmán (DOM) | Daniel Guzmán (DOM) | 0 | | | | Keno Machado (BRA) | Keno Machado (BRA) | WO | | | |
| Yakita Aska (ANT) | Yakita Aska (ANT) | 4 | | | | Bryan Colwell (CAN) | Bryan Colwell (CAN) | | | | |
| Emmanuel Pompey (GUY) | Emmanuel Pompey (GUY) | 1 | Yakita Aska (ANT) | Yakita Aska (ANT) | 2 | | | | | | |
| | | | Bryan Colwell (CAN) | Bryan Colwell (CAN) | 3 | | | | | | |
# Eddie O'Donnell

Edward Francis O'Donnell (April 30, 1887 – November 26, 1920) was an American racing driver. He gained fame competing for the Duesenberg team.

## Racing career

O'Donnell started his career as a riding mechanic for Duesenberg racing driver Eddie Rickenbacker. When Rickenbacker left the Duesenberg team to join the Peugeot team, O'Donnell took over as driver. He served as Captain of the Duesenberg team and was highly successful on the dirt tracks and board tracks around the United States, also having raced on the road circuits. He recorded three victories during the 1915 season. In 1916 he recorded two non-Championship victories, during only the second points championship season conducted in American history.

## Death

O'Donnell was fatally injured when he and Gaston Chevrolet collided during the Beverly Hills Speedway Classic race on Thanksgiving Day 1920. Chevrolet was killed as well as O'Donnell's mechanic Lyall Jolls. O'Donnell died the next morning.

## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1915 | 15 | 11 | 88.930 | 12 | 5 | 200 | 0 | Running |
| 1919 | 10 | 5 | 97.300 | 13 | 22 | 60 | 0 | Piston |
| 1920 | 29 | 12 | 88.200 | 14 | 14 | 149 | 0 | Oil line |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 409 | 0 | |
| Starts | 3 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Top 5 | 1 |
| Top 10 | 1 |
| Retired | 2 |
# Mount Pleasant (Union Bridge, Maryland)

Mt. Pleasant, also known as the Clemson Family Farm, is a historic home located at Union Bridge, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It is a five-bay by two-bay, 2+1⁄2-story brick structure with a gable roof and built about 1815. Also on the property is a brick wash house, a hewn mortised-and-tenoned-and-pegged timber-braced frame wagon shed flanked by corn cribs, and various other sheds and outbuildings. It was the home farm of the Farquhar family, prominent Quakers of Scotch-Irish descent who were primarily responsible for the establishment of the Pipe Creek Settlement.
Mt. Pleasant was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# Priede (surname)

Priede is a Latvian surname. Priede means pine in Latvian.

## People

* Gunārs Priede (1928–2000), Latvian playwright, engineer and architect
* Rubén Priede (born 1966), Argentine cyclist
* Liene Priede (born 1990), Latvian basketball player
# Mount Pleasant (Upper Marlboro, Maryland)

Mount Pleasant is 2+1⁄2-story brick structure with a gambrel roof and is about two-thirds its original length. It is located near Upper Marlboro in Prince George's County, Maryland. Mount Pleasant was patented in 1697 to Richard Marsham, whose wife Anne was the daughter of Leonard Calvert, Governor of Maryland. Their grandson, Marsham Waring, inherited the home from his grandfather in 1713. His son, Richard Marsham Waring had a son, Richard Marsham Jr., born in 1733, who then inherited Mount Pleasant and Patented and Certified the tract of land dubbed "Mount Pleasant Enlarged" in 1760. On August 21, 1764, Richard Marsham Jr. sold the 451+3⁄4 acre tract of land to his brother John for £474.6s.9d. John later built the standing house in the years between 1764 and 1785 (conflicting dates). John died in 1813 and was buried at Mount Pleasant.
Mount Pleasant is an example of an almost distinctively Maryland style of house—the English gambrel roof dwelling in brick, with the steep gambrel which has dormers almost flush with the second pitch of the roof. This house is significant primarily for its architecture and as a representative example of a more modest type of mid-Georgian dwelling than others in Maryland such as Montpelier, and probably a closer reflection of the architectural ancestry than the Palladian country house. As a more modest dwelling Mount Pleasant is an unusual survivor.
Thomas Fielder Bowie is interred in the Waring family burial ground on this site.
# Jasna Góra, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Jasna Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bogatynia, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech and German borders. Founded during the Piast dynasty in the 1300s, it was seized by Germany prior to its return in 1945. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Bogatynia, 31 km (19 mi) south of Zgorzelec, and 149 km (93 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Mahfooz Aviation

Mahfooz Aviation is a charter airline based in Banjul, Gambia.

## Fleet

The Mahfooz Aviation has no own aircraft (as of September 2019):
# Newton Street Bridge

The Newton Street Bridge is a historic bridge carrying Newton Street over the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts. The stone arch bridge was built in 1877 on the site of Waltham's first bridge, which was built c. 1761–62. It was designed by Hiram Blaisdell, a specialist in the design of masonry bridges. It consists of three elliptical arch segments on granite piers. The arches are formed of granite voussoirs, and the facing of the bridge is predominantly rough rock. It is the only 19th-century bridge in Waltham to escape significant alteration.
The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# Sleeping positions

The sleeping position is the body configuration assumed by a person during or prior to sleeping. It has been shown to have health implications, particularly for babies.

## Sleeping preferences

A Canadian survey found that 39% of respondents preferring the "log" position (lying on one's side with the arms down the side) and 28% preferring to sleep on their side with their legs bent.
A Travelodge survey found that 50% of heterosexual British couples prefer sleeping back-to-back, either not touching (27%) or touching (23%). Spooning was next, with the man on the outside 20% of the time vs. 8% with the woman on the outside. 10% favoured the "lovers' knot" (facing each other with legs intertwined), though all but 2% separated before going to sleep. The "Hollywood pose" of the woman with her head and arm on the man's chest was chosen by 4%.

## Health issues
### Sleep position in babies

In the 1958 edition of his best-selling book The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, paediatrician Dr Benjamin Spock warned against placing a baby on its back, writing, "if [an infant] vomits, he's more likely to choke on the vomitus." However, later studies have shown that placing a young baby in a face-down prone position increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A 2005 study concluded that "systematic review of preventable risk factors for SIDS from 1970 would have led to earlier recognition of the risks of sleeping on the front and might have prevented over 10,000 infant deaths in the UK and at least 50,000 in Europe, the USA, and Australasia."

### Glymphatic system clearance and sleeping position

The brain parenchyma rids itself of harmful proteins through the glymphatic system, especially during sleep.

### Sleep position and snoring

Snoring, which may be (but is not necessarily) an indicator of obstructive sleep apnea, may also be alleviated by sleeping on one's side.

### Sleep position and gastroesophageal reflux

The right lateral sleeping position results in much more reflux in the night than the left lateral position and prone position.

### Sleep position and sleep paralysis

Sleeping in the supine position has been linked to an increased occurrence of sleep paralysis.
# Newtown Cemetery

Newtown Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Harrisonburg, Virginia. It is located in the northern part of the city, bounded on the north by Kelley Street and the west by Sterling Street. It is bisected by an extension of Effinger Street, which now serves as part of the cemetery's circulation roads. The roughly 4-acre (1.6 ha) parcel has been the primary burial ground for the city's African-American dead since its founding in 1869. It is estimated to hold 900 graves, including many of emancipated slaves. Notable burials include educator Lucy F. Simms and veterans of the US Colored Troops.
The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
# Richard Francis Reidy

Richard Francis Reidy (born May 30, 1958) is an American priest of the Catholic Church who was appointed as bishop for the Diocese of Norwich in 2025.

## Biography

Reidy is a Worcester native. He was a lawyer in the 1980s before beginning his studies for the priesthood. He received a bachelor's degree in sacred theology from Gregorian University in Rome and a master's degree in spirituality from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, also in Rome.
On June 25, 1994, Reidy was ordained to the priesthood.

### Episcopal career

Pope Francis appointed Reidy bishop for the Diocese of Norwich on February 12, 2025. On April 29, 2025, Reidy is scheduled to be consecrated as a bishop.
# Luisa Ponchio

Luisa Ponchio (born July 5, 1961) is an Italian sprint canoer who competed in the early 1980s. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, she was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-2 500 m event.
# Newtown Friends Meetinghouse and Cemetery

Newtown Friends Meetinghouse and Cemetery is a historic Quaker meetinghouse and cemetery in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1817, and is a two-story, stuccoed stone building with a gable roof. It measures 60 feet by 40 feet, 6 bays long and 3 bays deep. A one-story porch was added in 1866, and the second floor was added in 1900. Also on the property is a contributing horse shed, built in 1819. Adjacent to the meeting house is a contributing cemetery.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## Notable interments

* Edward Hicks (1780–1849), Quaker minister and American folk artist
* Michael Hutchinson Jenks (1795–1867), U.S. Congressman
# Telemark University College

Telemark University College (TUC, Norwegian:Høgskolen i Telemark, HiT) was, until its merger, the fourth largest university college in Norway. The University College had about 7000 students, split between four locations in Bø, Notodden, Porsgrunn, Rauland and Drammen.

## Hierarchy

The university college was organised into four faculties: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, The Faculty of Arts, Folk Culture and Teacher Education, The Faculty of Health and Social Studies and The Faculty of Technology.
More than 140 courses of study were offered within the fields of Engineering, Nursing, Teaching, Culture, Folk Culture, Folk Music, Environmental and health studies, Sports and physical education, Outdoor life, Economics, Computer Science and Languages.
Studies were offered at bachelor's and master's degree-level, in addition to professional writer's education. They furthermore offered two PhD programmes. There were also several one–year programmes available. Most studies were taught in Norwegian, but some programmes were taught in English, mainly master's degrees. Telemark University College used the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System
The last rector was Kristian Bogen. In 2016 it merged with Buskerud and Vestfold University College to form the University College of Southeast Norway.