OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cowie, Aberdeenshire

Cowie is an historic fishing village in Kincardineshire, Scotland. This village has existed since the Middle Ages, but in current times it is effectively subsumed into the town of Stonehaven. It had an estimated population of 2,720 in 2022.

## History

William Camden recorded the existence of Cowie in 1596 in his historical writings. (Watt, 1985) Notable historic features in the vicinity include Cowie Castle (now ruined), Chapel of St. Mary and St. Nathalan (now ruined), the Stonehaven Tolbooth, Muchalls Castle and Fetteresso Castle. Cowie Village was situated at the southern end of the ancient Causey Mounth trackway, which road was constructed on high ground to make passable this only available medieval route from coastal points south from Stonehaven to Aberdeen. This ancient passage specifically connected the River Dee crossing (where the present Bridge of Dee is situated) via Portlethen Moss, Muchalls Castle and Cowie Castle to the south. (Hogan, 2007) The route was that taken by William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose when they led a Covenanter army of 9000 men in the battle of the Civil War in 1639. (Watt, 1985)

## Birthplace of air breathing life

The foreshore near Cowie Harbour was the finding place of Pneumodesmus newmani, the oldest fossil of an air-breathing land organism Pneumodesmus.
# Carl Nicoladoni

Carl Nicoladoni (23 April 1847 – 4 December 1902) was an Austrian surgeon born in Vienna.
He received his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, and was later a professor of surgery at the Universities of Innsbruck (from 1881) and Graz (from 1895).
Nicoladoni specialized in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery. He was particularly interested in research and diagnosis of scoliosis, publishing several treatises on the disorder. He also performed the first successful thumb replacement, an operation involving replacement of a boy's lost thumb with the second toe of his right foot.
Nicoladoni made contributions in regards to urogenital and gastrointestinal surgery. He introduced new surgical techniques for treatment of esophageal diverticulum as well as for torsion of the spermatic cord. He also investigated the possibilities of gastroenterostomic surgery.

## Works

* Die Architektur der Sskoliotischen Wirbelsaule (Architecture of the scoliotic spine, 1889).
* Die Architektur der Kindlichen Skoliose (Architecture of juvenile scoliosis, 1894).
* Die Skoliose des Lendensegmentes (Scoliosis of lumbar segments, 1894)
* Daumenplastik. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (Toe to thumb replacement 1897, 10 : 663–670).
# San Gregorio Magno alla Magliana Nuova

San Gregorio Magno alla Magliana Nuova is a church in Rome, in the Magliana district, in Piazza Certaldo.

## Description

It was built in the twentieth century by the architect Aldo Aloysi. The church is located in an elevated position with respect to the square outside and is accessed by a ladder on the left side. Totally built of reinforced concrete, the church is flanked by a high bell tower, which features a statue of Christ with outstretched arms.
The church is the home of the parish, established on 14 December 1963 by decree of the Cardinal Vicar Clemente Micara Neminem sane latet. The church is linked to the titular church of "St. Gregory the Great at Magliana Nuova", instituted by Pope John Paul II on 21 February 2001.
On 6 April 2014, church received the visit of Pope Francis.

## List of Cardinal Protectors

* Geraldo Majella Agnelo (21 February 2001 – 26 August 2023)
* Jaime Spengler (7 December 2024 –)
# Cyrus Bustill

Cyrus Bustill (February 2, 1732 – 1806) was an African American brewer and baker, abolitionist and community leader.
A notable business owner in the African American community in Philadelphia, he also became a founding member of the Free African Society in the city.

## Background

Born in Burlington, New Jersey, on February 2, 1732, Cyrus Bustill was the son of Quaker lawyer Samuel Bustill and Parthenia, a woman of African descent whom Samuel enslaved. After Samuel Bustill died in 1742, his widow, Grace Bustill, arranged for the sale of Cyrus Bustill to fellow Quaker Thomas Prior (or "Pryor") with the understanding that Prior would allow Cyrus to train and earn enough money as an apprentice baker to purchase his freedom.
While some sources indicate that Cyrus Bustill used his apprenticeship wages to purchase his freedom in 1774, others state that Prior liberated Cyrus by manumission in 1769, which would have likely made Cyrus one of the 104 enslaved Africans described in records of the Burlington Quarterly Meeting of Friends as having been freed by Quakers between 1763 and 1796.
By 1791, Cyrus Bustill was recorded as owning twelve acres in the black settlement of Guineatown between the Abington and Cheltenham townships in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. He married Elizabeth Morey (1746–1827), a woman of Native American and European descent. Their children include Grace Douglass, David Bowser Bustill, and Mary Bustill.
Considered the founder of the prominent Bustill family, his descendants include Paul Robeson (1898–1976), David Bustill Bowser (1820–1900) Sarah Mapps Douglass (1806–1882), Robert Douglass Jr. (1809–1887) and Gertrude Bustill Mossell (1855–1948).
Cyrus Bustill died in 1806. His grave is located at the Eden Cemetery in Collingdale, Pennsylvania.
# Peter William Cassey

Rev. Peter William Cassey (1831–1917) was an African-American 19th-century school founder, deacon, minister, educator, abolitionist, and political activist. He was a pioneer in Santa Clara County. Cassey founded the first African American secondary school in the state of California, the Phoenixonian Institute. Cassey also worked as a prominent barber and co-owned a shaving saloon in San Francisco; and had worked as Methodist clergy in North Carolina and Florida. His name was sometimes written as Peter Williams Cassey.

## Early life and family

Peter William Cassey was born on October 13, 1831, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His mother was an abolitionist, Amy Matilda (née Williams) from New York City; and his father was also abolitionist and a barber, Joseph Cassey (1789–1848) from the French West Indies. The family lived in the historic Cassey House in the Society Hill neighborhood. His maternal grandfather was Rev. Peter Williams Jr., and founding vicar of St. Philip’s Protestant Episcopal Church in New York City, the first African American Episcopal parish in the city, and a co-founder of the Phoenix Society.

## Career

In 1853, Cassey moved to San Francisco during the California Gold Rush. He worked as a barber, and in a partnership with Charles H. Mecier they opened a lucrative shaving saloon in the basement of the Union Hotel in Portsmouth Square at 642 Merchant Street, San Francisco. Around 1860, Cassey relocated to the San Jose area.
In 1861, he founded the first African-American secondary school in the state of California, the Phoenixonian Institute (also known as St. Philip’s Mission School for Negroes) a private boarding school in San Jose, California. Initially the Methodist Episcopal Diocese funded the school. He became active in the California State Convention of Colored Citizens starting in 1855, which later helped support the school financially and otherwise.
On April 26, 1863, he was the first person to be ordained on the West Coast at Trinity Episcopal Church in San Jose. In the 1870s, Rev. Cassey helped form two new Black Episcopalian churches in San Francisco; "Christ's Mission Church" (or Christ Mission Church), and he worked closely with the congregation from what later became St. Cyprian’s Church, however neither group had a building at that time. While Cassey worked in San Francisco, his wife Anna ran the Phoenixonian Institute school.
From about 1880 to 1894, he worked as the first African American priest at St. Cyprian’s Church in New Bern, North Carolina. Later in life he served as the minister at St. Cyprian's Episcopal Church in St. Augustine, Florida.

## Death and legacy

He died on April 16, 1917, in St. Augustine, and is buried in the Evergreen Cemetery in that same city.
Cassey is honored by the Episcopal Church of the United States with a feast day on April 16. He shares this day with his wife, Anna Besant Cassey.
# Lil' Red

Lil' Red is one of two active mascots of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the Nebraska Cornhuskers. He was created in 1993, initially intended to represent the school's volleyball team and appeal to younger fans. Lil' Red quickly became popular and his use was expanded across all sports. He is depicted as an inflatable farm boy wearing red overalls and a sideways hat, and is often seen with Herbie Husker.

## Earlier mascots

The University of Nebraska used many unofficial mascots in its early decades, most often a variation of an anthropomorphic ear of corn named Cornhead Guy, Johnnie Husker, or Old Man Cornhusker. The earliest mascot to appear on the sideline (not just as a logo) was Corncob Man, a man in green overalls with an ear of corn for a head who debuted in 1955. Husky the Husker (a ten-foot-tall farmer) and Mr. Big Red (a man in a blazer commonly referred to as Harry Husker) gave way to Herbie Husker in 1974. Herbie became the school's first official mascot in 1977.

## History

Lil' Red was created in 1993 after a statewide contest to find a counterpart for Herbie Husker to appear during simultaneous football, basketball, or volleyball games. Associate athletic director Barbara Hibner led the contest, hoping a second, more precocious mascot would appeal to younger fans. Lil' Red quickly became so popular that the university discontinued the use of Herbie in 1995, though he was later reinstated. The mascots are now frequently seen together across all sports. Nebraska says Herbie and Lil' Red are not intended to be related, but describes them as "best friends."
The mascot is manufactured by Omaha-based Signs & Shapes International, Inc. The operator of the costume wears a belt with an attached air circulation system, which brings in over 100 cubic feet (2.8 m$^3$) of outside air per minute. Due to the outfit's incredibly light weight, the larger-than-life mascot can run, dance, shake hands, and crowd surf. Lil' Red is frequently seen bouncing on his head, a stunt that requires the wearer to maneuver the costume into an upside-down position while inside.

### Appearance

Lil' Red is a blond-haired, blue-eyed inflatable farm boy who stands over eight feet tall. He dresses in red overalls and a white undershirt with a sideways baseball cap. His appearance is essentially unchanged since he was created in 1993.

## Awards and popular culture

Lil' Red won the national championship at the NCAA National Mascot Competition in 1999. He received the "Golden Silly String Award" as an inductee into the Mascot Hall of Fame in 2007.
Lil' Red starred in a children's book, The Legend of Lil' Red, written by Paul Rea and published by Husker Books in August 2008.
# Unc & Phew

Unc & Phew were an American hip hop superduo composed of rappers and Migos members Quavo and Takeoff. The duo released their only studio album Only Built for Infinity Links on October 7, 2022 to generally favorable reviews. On November 1, 2022, less than a month after the release of the duo's first album, Takeoff was shot and killed in Houston, Texas.

## History
### Background

The group's name is derived from the familial relationship between Quavo and Takeoff as uncle and nephew, "Unc" being a shortened form of the word uncle and "Phew" being a shortened form of the word nephew.

### Formation and debut studio album

In 2022, hip hop group Migos, of whom Quavo and Takeoff are a part of, was rumored to have broken up after Quavo's ex-girlfriend Saweetie had reportedly slept with Offset. Quavo alluded to the rift in the duo's song "Messy" and in an interview where he insinuated Offset's lack of loyalty. In May 2022, Quavo and Takeoff released their first track "Hotel Lobby (Unc & Phew)" under the Unc & Phew moniker amid rumors of their rap group Migos' disbandment. In July 2022, they released their single "Us vs. Them" with American rapper Gucci Mane. In August 2022, they released a single with American rapper Birdman titled "Big Stunna". In September 2022, they announced their debut studio album Only Built for Infinity Links with an October 2022 release date. In an interview with Complex, the duo claimed to have "studied legendary rap duos of old throughout the album’s conception, and paid homage to them in the cover art and title". Also in September 2022, they released what would be the fourth single for their album titled "Nothing Changed". On October 31, 2022, a day prior to Takeoff's death, they released the music video for their song "Messy". On November 1, 2022, Takeoff was shot and killed while with Quavo and others at a Houston bowling alley.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US | CAN | NLD |
| Only Built for Infinity Links | Released: October 7, 2022 Label: Quality Control, Motown Formats: LP, digital download, streaming | 7 | 20 | 87 |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album |
| Title | Year | US | CAN | NZ Hot | SA | WW | Certifications | Album |
| "Hotel Lobby" | 2022 | 55 | 63 | 8 | 33 | 78 | RIAA: Platinum | Only Built for Infinity Links |
| "Us vs. Them" (with Gucci Mane) | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | | Only Built for Infinity Links |
| "Big Stunna" (with Birdman) | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | | Only Built for Infinity Links |
| "Nothing Changed" | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | | Only Built for Infinity Links |
| "See Bout It" (with Mustard) | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | | Only Built for Infinity Links |
# Felip Gomes

Felip Gomes (born 23 March) is an Indian football player who plays for Churchill Brothers S.C. as a defender.
# Gennadi Volnov

Gennadi Georgievich Volnov (alternate spelling: Gennady, Russian: Геннадий Георгиевич Вольнов, November 28, 1939 – July 15, 2008) was a Russian basketball player who played for the senior Soviet Union national team from the late 1950s, to the early 1970s. He was born in Moscow. In 2018, he was named one of the 101 Greats of European Basketball.

## Club career

Volnov played with Spartak Moscow (1957–1958). He spent most of his club career playing with CSKA Moscow (1958–1970). While playing with CSKA and the Russian and Moscow unified teams, he won ten Soviet League championships (1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, and 1970) and three EuroLeague championships (1961, 1963, and 1969).

## National team career

Volnov won the gold medal while playing with the senior Soviet national team at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games. He also won two silver medals at the Summer Olympics (1960 and 1964). He also won a bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympic Games.
In addition, Volnov also won a gold medal at the 1967 FIBA World Championship, a bronze medal at the 1963 FIBA World Championship, and six FIBA EuroBasket gold medals (1959, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, and 1969).
# Fulagaddi

Fulagaddi is a village in Belagavi district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
# G. Nizamuddin

G. Nizamuddin (born 1 July 1954) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Hindupur constituency of Andhra Pradesh and was a member of the Indian National Congress and joined YSR Congress Party on 4 April 2019 to see his political guru Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy 's son Y.S. Jaganmohan Reddy as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
# Lioharpes

Lioharpes is a genus of trilobites in the order Harpetida. The genus Eskoharpes possibly evolved from it. It is synonymous with Fritchapsis.

## Species

From the Paleobiology Database.
* L. altaicus
* L. bischofi
* L. crassimargo
* L. hastatus
* L. montagnei
* L. morocconensis
* L. sculptus
* L. vektori
* L. venulosus
# Luka Bobičanec

Luka Bobičanec (born 23 May 1993) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for V.League 1 club Hanoi FC.

## Club career

Bobičanec spent a few seasons in the Austrian lower leagues, with SV Stegersbach and SV Heiligenbrunn.
On 8 January 2025, Bobičanec signed for V.League 1 side Hanoi FC.

## Honours

Nafta 1903
* MNZ Lendava Cup: 2015–16
Polet Sveti Martin na Muri
* Međužupanijska nogometna liga Čakovec-Varaždin: 2016–17
Mura
* Slovenian First League: 2020–21
* Slovenian Second League: 2017–18
* Slovenian Cup: 2019–20
Celje
* Slovenian First League: 2023–24
Individual
* Slovenian Second League Player of the Year: 2017–18
* Slovenian Second League Team of the Year: 2017–18
# Ptychatractus ligatus

Ptychatractus ligatus, common name the ligate false spindle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ptychatractidae.
# Epiphryne verriculata

Epiphryne verriculata, the cabbage tree moth, is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found only in New Zealand, and only feeds on the native cabbage tree (Cordyline australis); its wings are patterned to camouflage it against dead cabbage tree leaves.

## Taxonomy

Epiphryne verriculata was first described by Baron Cajetan von Felder, Rudolf Felder & Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875 under the name Cidaria verriculata.

## Distribution and habitat

This moth is endemic to New Zealand and is very common, being widely distributed throughout the country. Its favoured habitats are wetland and native forest, but it can be found in urban parks and gardens, as cabbage trees are commonly grown in cultivation.

## Life cycle
### Eggs

The eggs of E. verriculata are bright green and are laid on the underside of leaves in neat parallel rows in autumn and spring. As they mature the eggs change colour from bright green to brown and then finally to red. After approximately 14 days the eggs hatch and the caterpillars emerge.

### Larva

The caterpillar is green with red and dark brown lines. When fully grown it is approximately 2.5 cm long. At night caterpillars feed on the new and unopened leaves of Cordyline australis; their flattened bodies allow them to squeeze in amongst the developing leaves. The caterpillars create a characteristic pattern of damage, initially making holes and dark channels along the leaf and, as they grow, notches in the leaf edge. As the leaf opens and grows the notches likewise grow and become more noticeable. The larvae reach 25 mm in length before pupating, either on the cabbage tree in crevices or dead leaf bases or on the ground underneath.

### Adult

The wingspan of the adult moth is about 40 mm. Adults can be seen from spring to late summer (October to May). E. verriculata have light brown wings with parallel horizontal stripes that resemble the veins in dead cabbage tree leaves; the moth sits with its body perpendicular to the leaf's long axis and wings pressed up against the leaf, its markings lining up with the veins. If disturbed, the will only fly a short distance before finding another dead brown leaf to settle on, avoiding the green fresh leaves. Although attracted to light, the adult moth is inconspicuous when resting by day on cabbage tree leaves, and this camouflage helps protect it from predators.

## Conservation status

Epiphryne verriculata is common throughout New Zealand and not regarded as threatened.
# UMM 4x4
## Early history

The French-built UMM 4x4 Cournil was launched in Portugal by Portuguese car maker UMM in 1977. It was designed by the French engineer, Bernard Cournil mainly for agricultural and industrial issues. It was powered by an Indenor-Peugeot 2.1 l diesel engine matched to a 4-speed manual gearbox made also by Peugeot. The transfer case was built in-house. It was available in three versions: Randonneur (only 4 or 5 are known to exist in Portugal), Tracteur (pick-up version of the Randonneur) and the much more common Entrepreneur stretched larger version. UMM had the sales rights to the Cournil outside of France, and later took over production entirely.

## UMM is born

In 1979 UMM began Portuguese production of a gently restyled UMM 4x4 Cournil with a 2.1 Litre Diesel engine. It dropped the Cournil designation and was available with new equipment. There was only one trim: the Entrepreneur.
In 1981, plastic rear view mirrors were introduced. In 1982, it featured bigger doors and a new Indenor-Peugeot 2.3 Litre Diesel engine. In 1983, the transmission was switched to a four-speed ZF unit.
# King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table

King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table is a retelling of the Arthurian legends, principally Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, by Roger Lancelyn Green. It was intended for children. It was first published by Puffin Books in 1953 and has since been reprinted many times. In 2008, it was reissued in the Puffin Classics series with an introduction by David Almond (the author of Clay, Skellig, Kit's Wilderness, and The Fire-Eaters), and the original illustrations by Lotte Reiniger.

## Composition

Green set out to weave together the many legends surrounding King Arthur into a single narrative. Thinking that Malory's work was more of a loose collection of separate story lines, Green attempted to tell a cohesive story with beginning, middle, and end. He drew from many other medieval sources, but mainly Malory, particularly so in the last section in which they had a strong connection between his life as well in a more spiritual and religious context of life than any one person has had before of the book.

## Synopsis

Uther Pendragon, king of Britons, and defender of Britain against the Saxons has died. On Christmas Day, Merlin the magician gathers many knights outside a church. A sword, stuck fast to an anvil, in turn on top of a marble stone, appears. No knight can remove the sword from the anvil.
After many years, the young Arthur, secretly the son of Uther Pendragon, pulls the sword out of the stone. He becomes king. With the guidance of Merlin, he constructs a round table, at which only the best knights of Britain may sit. More and more knights come to join the brotherhood of the Round Table, and each has his own adventures.
Eventually, the holy knight Galahad, the son of Sir Lancelot, comes to Arthur's court. With his coming, all the knights ride throughout Europe in search of the Holy Grail of Jesus Christ. Only five knights see the Grail; Sir Lancelot, Sir Percival, Sir Bors de Gaunnes, Sir Galahad, and Sir Gawain.
After the Grail is found, the last battle of the Knights of the Round Table is fought. Many knights fall in battle, including Sir Gawain. King Arthur is taken away to Avalon, a secret island, after he is terribly wounded while slaying Mordred, the wicked son of King Arthur and his half-sister Morgana le Fay.