OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fierljeppen

Fierljeppen (West Frisian compound of fier—"far" and ljeppen—"leaping") or polsstokverspringen is a traditional sport of the Netherlands, and of West Frisian people in the Dutch province of Fryslân. The sport is also traditionally popular in the province of Utrecht which produced record holder Jaco de Groot and Theo van Kooten.

## Description

The sport involves a long pole and a body of water. The pole is between 8 and 13 metres (26 and 43 ft) long and has a flat round plate at the bottom to prevent it from sinking into the muddy river or canal bottom.
A jump consists of a sprint to the pole (polsstok), jumping and grabbing it, then climbing to the top of the pole while trying to control its forward and lateral movements over a body of water, and finishing by landing on a sand bed opposite to the starting point.

## History

The Netherlands has many waterways. Fierljeppen originated as a way for Frisian people to get around the waterways easily. Over time it turned into a competition with the first official match in 1771 but the sport was not properly structured until 1957. The sport is believed to have originated with farmers who used poles to leap over small water drainage channels to access different plots of land. In the German region of East Frisia this sport is known as Pultstockspringen. Today the sport is primarily practiced for fun or to entertain tourists, but there still is an official annual National Fierljepping Manifestation (NFM) in the Netherlands, and championships are contested in six leagues and numerous clubs.

## Record holders

The current Dutch record holders by category are:
* Seniors: 22.21 metres (72 ft 10 in), Jaco de Groot from Woerden, Utrecht (12 August 2017, Zegveld)
* Veterans: 20.60 metres (67 ft 7 in), Theo van Kooten from Haastrecht, South Holland (31 July 2013, Linschoten)
* Ladies: 18.19 metres (59 ft 8 in) Marrit van der Wal from It Heidenskip, Friesland (31 July 2019, Burgum)
* Juniors (under 20): 21.38 metres (70 ft 2 in), Reinier Overbeek from Benschop, Utrecht (19 August 2019, Burgum)
* Boys (under 16): 20.72 metres (68 ft 0 in), Wisse Broekstra from Winsum, Friesland (19 September 2020, Burgum)
* Girls (under 16): 17.63 metres (57 ft 10 in), Hanneke Westert from IJlst, Friesland (24 August 2022, Burgum)
There are 532 registered active jumpers in the world; of those, 190 are from the Netherlands.

## Fierljeppen throughout the world

International tourists who have visited Friesland and or the Lek -regions and who have observed this sport have helped to spread its popularity across the globe. Competitions in other locales now take place, albeit at a less competitive level due to smaller numbers of athletes and the lack of suitable locations.
Many Americans were first introduced to the sport, referred to as "ditch-vaulting", on the twelfth season of The Amazing Race. This same task would be performed in the twenty-first and thirty-first seasons as a "Switchback" task.
# Hutton Roof, Kirkby Lonsdale

Hutton Roof is a village and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England, close to Kirkby Lonsdale and Hutton Roof Crags. Historically in Westmorland, the parish includes the hamlet of Newbiggin. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 193, increasing at the 2011 census to 218.
Army Chaplain and Victoria Cross recipient Theodore Hardy (1863-1918) was Vicar of Hutton Roof while serving in the First World War.
# M. O. Mathai

Mundapallil Oommen Mathai (1909 – 28 August 1981) was the Private Secretary to India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and was reputed to be the most powerful man after the Prime Minister during the time he was with Nehru. He resigned in 1959 following charges by communists of corruption. The charges were proved baseless after independent enquiries by the Cabinet Secretary, Finance Ministry (Morarjee Desai) and the C&AG. Nevertheless he chose not to restore responsibilities though being in Nehru's close circle until his death, to the extent of being personally named in Nehru's will. In latter decades (1990s) he was alleged by a Congress minister for his collaboration with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) which again could not be substantiated or proved, and for writing memoirs in Reminiscences of the Nehru Age (1978) and My Days with Nehru (1979).

## Early life

Mathai was born to a traditional Marthoma Syrian Christian family in central Travancore.

## Career

Mathai used to work for the American Red Cross in India, before becoming the Private Secretary to Nehru in 1946. He resigned from his post in 1959, after the Communists accused him of misusing his power to commit financial fraud.Allegations however had no backing and all charges were cleared by the Cabinet Secretary, Finance Ministry and C&AG after investigations.

## Controversies
### CIA connection

Mathai is noted to have worked for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In 1959, Mathai was forced to quit as Nehru's secretariat following the charges of corruption. The Cabinet Secretary investigated the case and was not convinced that Mathai had compromised any file since the days of the Interim Government of India.

### Books

Mathai wrote two politically motivated books, Reminiscences of the Nehru Age and My Days with Nehru, during the rule of the Janata alliance government formed after ousting of Indira Gandhi's government. These books were written suspending all personal loyalties of a conventional nature.
The book Reminiscences of the Nehru Age has a total 49 chapters, some on Nehru's work and personal life and some on the various people that Mathai met. Mathai proclaimed himself to be "Nehru's Special Assistant" in the book, and added that "the book is not history or biography, but chatty stuff containing my reminiscences". The chapter 29 named 'She' was blanked and a note was appended in place. The contents of the chapter has since birthed intense speculations. T V Rajeswar, former chief of Intelligence Bureau has since claimed of receiving a copy of the chapter from M. G. Ramachandran and duly submitting to then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; he claims to have not read the contents. The blanked chapter claimed affairs Indira Gandhi had with other people and chapter also concerned the Gandhi family in general. Demands for the ban on the book were made during the Janata alliance rule but Morarji Desai refused these suggestions. His second book "My Days with Nehru" failed to gain any traction. Inder Malhotra noted that "Few books in India have got such bad reviews as Mathai's did."
# Erica Lehrer

Erica Lehrer is an anthropologist, curator, and academic specializing in post-Holocaust Jewish culture, museum studies, ethnography, and public scholarship. She is associate professor of History and Sociology/Anthropology at Concordia University, where she holds a Canada Research Chair in Museum and Heritage Studies and serves as director of the Curating and Public Scholarship Lab at Concordia University.

## Education

She has received a B.A. from Grinnell College and M.A. and PhD degrees from the University of Michigan.

## Career

In 2013, Lehrer curated "Souvenir, Talisman, Toy," an ethnographic exhibition of historical and contemporary Polish-made figurines depicting Jews (including the modern antisemitic Jew with a coin figurines), at the Ethnographic Museum of Kraków. A smaller selection of objects and media from the exhibit was on display from July 28 – August 30, 2013, at the Galicia Jewish Museum. In 2016, she curated a new exhibition at the Galicia Jewish Museum titled "A Single Point Perspective/Punkt Zbiezny."

## Personal life and family

Lehrer's uncle was physicist Frederick Reif, who was married to Mildred Dresselhaus. Her mother, Liane Reif-Lehrer, was a Holocaust survivor and professor at Harvard Medical School. Her brother, Damon Lehrer, is a children's book author.

## Awards

* Canada Research Chair in Museum and Heritage Studies
* Canada Research Chair in Post-Conflict Memory, Ethnography and Museology
* Hazel D. Cole Fellowship in Jewish Studies, University of Washington
* Illinois Humanities Post-Doctoral Fellowship, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

## Publications

* "Curatorial Dreams: Critics Imagine Exhibitions", McGill-Queen's University Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-77354683-7
* "Jewish Space in Contemporary Poland", Indiana University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-253-01503-7
* Na szczęście to Żyd / Lucky Jews: Poland's Jewish Figurines, Ha!art Press, 2014, ISBN 978-83-64057-42-7
* Jewish Poland Revisited: Heritage Tourism in Unquiet Places, Indiana University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-253-00886-2
* co-editor, Curating Difficult Knowledge: Violent Pasts in Public Places, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, ISBN 978-0-230-29672-5
# Charlie Blanton

Charlie Blanton (December 29, 1935 – October 17, 2018) was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race car driver who raced from 1973 to 1978.

## Career

This driver participated in 634 laps of racing action - the equivalent of 814.3 miles (1,310.5 km). He would earn a total of $3,135 in his total racing career ($14,644.93 when adjusted for inflation) while starting and finishing in 27th place on average. He appeared in the January 1970 issue of Popular Mechanics alongside Tiny Lund, Buck Baker, Randy Hutchison, Marty Robbins, and Jim Vandiver.
One of Blanton's more notable non-Winston Cup Series performances was at the 1971 Florida Citrus 250; a NASCAR Grand American Series event where Blanton finished in fourth place. The race took two hours and twenty-nine minutes to finish. While never winning at the Winston Cup Series level, Blanton did exceptionally well on dirt tracks in the other series; he managed to finish in second to David Pearson at the 1972 Bold City 200 in Jacksonville, Florida.
Blanton was the winner of the 1973 Daytona ARCA 300 race. His primary car in the NASCAR Cup Series would be the #59 Chevrolet sponsored by Mr. Danny Queen.
# Good Neighbor Trail

The Good Neighbor Trail is a multi-use recreational trail in Brooksville, Florida, that connects with the Withlacoochee State Trail. The trail is about 10.7 miles (17.2 km) long. The trail was originally the Brooksville Branch of the Florida Southern Railway which later became an Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line from Brooksville to Croom.
# Seldon Connor

Seldon Connor (January 25, 1839 – July 9, 1917) was an American soldier, banker, and politician who was the 35th governor of Maine.

## Biography

Seldon Conner was born in Fairfield, Maine, and in 1859 graduated at Tufts College, as well as studying law in Vermont. While attending Tufts University, he was a member of the Zeta Psi fraternity.
Following the outbreak of the American Civil War, Connor entered the military service in May 1861 as a private in the 1st Vermont Infantry, but became ill with chronic catarrh, recovering the following winter. In August 1861 was commissioned as lieutenant colonel of the 7th Maine Infantry. Seldon became Colonel of the 19th Maine Infantry in January 1864, and was severely wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general of Volunteers on June 11, 1864. General Seldon was incapacitated from active field service due to his injuries and was mustered out in 1866.
After the war, Connor began involvement in political issues in 1868, becoming an assessor of the Internal Revenue, as well as serving as the regional collector of internal revenue in 1874. In 1875, he was elected governor of Maine as a Republican. He appointed James G. Blaine to the vacant Senate seat. During his time in politics, Connor advocated civil service reform, and supported the resumption of specie payments. Connor was also responsible for promoting a free public school system, in which he was successful. Connor left office on January 8, 1879, after failing to win reelection.
Subsequently, he was United States pension agent from 1882 to 1886. Connor was active in veterans affairs, and in 1890 became president of the Society of the Army of the Potomac. From 1896 to 1899, he was the senior vice-commander-in-chief of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. In 1897, he was again appointed as a pension agent. His address on Hannibal Hamlin was published in 1909. Connor remained a prominent figure in Maine politics, and also served as president of the Northern Banking Company.
Seldon Connor is buried in Augusta, Maine.
# Alonzo Garcelon

Alonzo Garcelon (May 6, 1813 – December 8, 1906) was the 36th governor of Maine, and a surgeon general of Maine during the American Civil War.

## Early life and education

Garcelon was born in Lewiston (in modern-day Maine, then a part of Massachusetts), to French Huguenot parents. Garcelon attended Monmouth Academy, Waterville Academy, and New Castle Academy. Garcelon taught school during the winter terms to help pay for his tuition. In 1836 Garcelon graduated from Bowdoin College, and in 1839 he graduated from the Medical College of Ohio in Cincinnati, Ohio, and then returned to Lewiston to practice. Garcelon co-founded the Lewiston Journal in 1847. He served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1853 to 1854, 1857 to 1858, and in the Maine Senate from 1855 to 1856. Garcelon donated to Bates College to Lewiston in 1855 and served as an instructor and trustee at the College. His son, Alonzo Marston Garcelon, graduated from Bates in 1872 and went on to serve as Mayor of Lewiston from 1883 to 1884. He was elected as a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1856. Garcelon's medical partner, Dr. Edward H. Hill, founded Central Maine Medical Center.

## Civil War

During the Civil War, Garcelon served in the Union Army as a Maine surgeon general. During the impeachment of Andrew Johnson after the War, Garcelon became disgusted with the Republican Party and their policy of "Radical Reconstruction" and became a Democrat. In 1871 he was elected mayor of Lewiston, and in 1879 he was elected Governor of Maine by the legislature, serving one term until 1880.
During his term as governor, Garcelon oversaw the "Greenback" controversy, when he investigated alleged voter fraud and determined that the Democrats and not the Republicans had won a majority in the legislature. Senator James Blaine came to Augusta with a hundred armed men to protest the results, and Garcelon called out the state militia. Civil war was narrowly averted, thanks to the peaceful intervention of militia leader Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. In 1883 Garcelon's son was elected mayor of Lewiston.
Garcelon died in Medford, Massachusetts, and was buried at Riverside Cemetery in Lewiston, Maine.

## Legacy and honors

Garcelon Field at Bates College is named in his honor, as is the Alonzo Garcelon Society, which provides scholarships to Bates for local students. In 2008, the Garcelon family announced the donation of a large collection of Garcelon family manuscripts to the Bates College Special Collections Library.
# US Borgo a Buggiano 1920

Unione Sportiva Borgo a Buggiano 1920 is an Italian football club based in Borgo a Buggiano, a frazione of Buggiano, Tuscany.

## History

The club was founded in 1920.
Borgo a Buggiano won group D of the 2010-11 Serie D season and was promoted to Lega Pro Seconda Divisione for the first time.

## Dissolution and later reformation

At the end of the 2012–13 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione season, the club finished at ninth place in Group B, but they later renounced voluntarily from competing in the next season. As a result, they went out of business. But they later reformed and joined the 2013–14 Terza Categoria season.

## Colours and badge

The team's colour is light blue.
# Bill Conroy (catcher)

William Gordon Conroy (February 26, 1915 – November 13, 1997) was a backup catcher who played in Major League Baseball between 1935 and 1944. Listed at 6' 0", 185 lb., Conroy batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Bloomington, Illinois.
Conroy reached the majors in 1935 with the Philadelphia Athletics, playing for them three years before joining the US Army during World War II. After discharge, he played for the Boston Red Sox from 1942 through 1944. His most productive season came in 1942 with Boston, when he appeared in a career-high 83 games and hit four home runs with 20 runs batted in.
In a six-season career, Conroy was a .199 hitter (90-for-452) with five home runs and 33 RBI in 169 games, including 13 doubles, three triples, and a .322 on-base percentage.
Conroy died in Citrus Heights, California at age 82.
# Ribes trilobum

Ribes trilobum, commonly know as parrilla and muhul, is a species of flowering plant in the family Grossulariaceae. It is endemic to central and southern Chile. It is one of the nine species in the genus Ribes that are native to Chile, and one of the four Ribes species endemic to Chile alongside Ribes bicolor, Ribes integrifolium and Ribes nemorosum.
# Henry B. Cleaves

Henry Bradstreet Cleaves (February 6, 1840 – June 22, 1912) was an American politician and the 43rd governor of Maine from 1893 to 1897.

## Early life

Cleaves was born in Bridgton, Maine, on February 6, 1840, to Thomas Cleaves and Sophia Bradstreet Cleaves. He had 4 siblings, including future judge Nathan. He studied at local schools and Bridgton Academy.

## American Civil War

Cleaves served during the American Civil War. He enlisted in the summer of 1862, as a private soldier in Company B, 23d Maine Volunteers, under Col. William Wirt Virgin, later a justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. Cleaves attained the rank of lieutenant by time he was mustered out of service.

## Politics

After the Civil War, he returned to Bridgton and was involved in his family's farm as well as in the lumber business. In 1868, he began studying law and he was admitted to the bar in September 1869. He had a successful legal career in Portland, Maine.
Cleaves was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1876 and again in 1877 as a representative from Portland. He was chosen as chair of the House Judiciary Committee. Leaving the Legislature, he then served as the city solicitor for Portland (1877–1879), and as the Maine Attorney General from 1880 to 1884. At the 1892 Maine Republican Party convention held in Portland, he was unanimously selected as the Party's nominee for governor. He was elected in the September 1892 general election by a popular vote and was sworn in as governor on January 4, 1893. He won the re-election in 1894. During his administration, problems resulting from the national economic depression in 1893 were dealt with. He left office on January 2, 1897.
Cleaves died on June 22, 1912, at the age of 72.
# Kailash Yadav

Kailash Yadav was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Jalesar, Uttar Pradesh constituency of Uttar Pradesh as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Ahmedabad–Okha Vande Bharat Express

The 22925/22926 Ahmedabad - Okha Vande Bharat Express is India's 34th Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the city of Ahmedabad with Okha in Gujarat. This train was inaugurated on 24 September 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi via video conference from New Delhi between Ahmedabad Jn and Jamnagar, which was later extended to Okha on 12 March 2024.

## Overview

This train is operated by Indian Railways, connecting Ahmedabad Jn, Sabarmati Jn, Sanand, Viramgam Jn, Surendranagar Jn, Wankaner Jn, Rajkot Jn, Jamnagar,Dwarka and Okha. It is currently operated with train numbers 22925/22926 on 6 days a week basis.

## Rakes

It is the thirty-second 2nd Generation and twentieth Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train which was designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India Initiative.

## Service

The 22925/22926 Ahmedabad - Okha Vande Bharat Express operates 6 days a week, covering a distance of 499 km (310 mi) in a travel time of 06 hrs 30 mins with average speed of 77 km/h (48 mph). The Maximum Permissible Speed is 110 km/h (68 mph).
# Moshe Kaplinsky

Maj. Gen. Moshe Kaplinsky (Hebrew: משה קפלינסקי; born January 20, 1957) is an Israeli army general and businessman who was CEO of the Israeli subsidiary of Better Place. Most recently, he was Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. He was previously head of the Israel Defense Forces's Central Command, whose area of responsibility includes the West Bank. As Deputy Chief of the General Staff he was second in command of the Israel Defense Forces.

## Education

Kaplinski has a BA in economics and business management from Bar-Ilan University and an MBA from Tel Aviv University. He is a graduate of the US Army's Advanced Infantry Officers Course (Fort Benning, Georgia).

## Career

In August 2002, he took over as chief of the Central Command from Major General Yitzhak Eitan. As head of Central Command, Kaplinski was an ex officio member of the IDF general staff; he oversaw, among other things, area commanders for the northern and southern parts of the West Bank (referred to as Samaria and Judea, respectively).
Kaplinski is a veteran of the Golani Brigade. His previous positions include:
* Military secretary to Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, promoted to Major General (2001–2002)
* Commander of the Galilee territorial division during the Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon *Commander of the Golani infantry brigade (1993–1995).
On December 8, 2006 Kaplinski told a meeting of mayors and local council leaders that Iran had a nuclear capability that would "threaten not only Israel, but all of Europe."
# Ed Clary

William Edward Clary (May 22, 1916 – February 27, 2005) was an American baseball player and football back. He was drafted professionally in both sports, following a college career at University of South Carolina, pursuing a career in baseball, and spent two seasons with the Martinsville Manufacturers and Landis Dodgers.
Clary was born on May 22, 1916, in Gaffney, South Carolina, and attended Gaffney High School there. A sportswriter reported after one game, "In Ed Clary, Gaffney presented a youngster who could do about everything one could expect of a first class triple threat man. His rushing was good, his blocking of the first order and his kicking the best on the field." Jake Wade, of The Charlotte Observer, wrote, "Take that boy Ed Clary. He weighs 185 pounds and is built ideal for fullback. He breaks the line with the ferocity of a mad bull. He runs around end like he was late for dinner, and he kicks the ball high and wide. As a matter of fact, he kicked one plum into Cleveland County. He did kick one 70 yards in the air."
After graduating in 1935, Clary joined the University of South Carolina, and was a member of the freshman football and baseball teams. He was called one of the team's most outstanding players on the football field by The Gaffney Ledger. He joined the varsity teams in 1937, earning letters in both sports. From 1938 to 1939, Clary was captain of the baseball team. He played fullback and punter on the football team, being named All-Southern as a senior and being the first South Carolina player in the Blue–Gray Football Classic. After the season ended, Clary was named team MVP by teammates, five years after his cousin Earl was given the award and three years after his cousin Wilburn received the honor.
Following his college career Clary was selected in the 14th round (121st overall) of the 1939 NFL draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers, and in the baseball amateur draft by the Brooklyn Dodgers. He opted to play professional baseball, and was sent to the Martinsville Manufacturers Bi-State League team. He batted left-handed and appeared in 54 total games. He appeared at-bat 201 times, and made 61 hits, three doubles, two triples, and one home run.
In Clary's second season, he played for two teams. He first returned to Martinsville, appearing in 28 games with 99 times appearing at-bat, before leaving for the Landis Dodgers of the North Carolina State League. He appeared at-bat 93 times in the remainder of the year, making 27 hits, one double and one triple with Landis. Prior to leaving Martinsville, he made 27 hits, six doubles, and one home run with the team that year.
Clary retired after the 1940 season. He later was drafted to the United States Navy, and served during World War II. He died in February 2005, at the age of 88.