# Manukau (New Zealand electorate)

Manukau is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate in the south Auckland Region. It existed from 1881 to 1978, with a break from 1938 to 1954. It was represented by nine Members of Parliament. Two by-elections were held in the electorate.

## Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Manukau, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.
The First Labour Government was defeated in the 1949 election and the incoming National Government changed the Electoral Act, with the electoral quota once again based on total population as opposed to qualified electors, and the tolerance was increased to 7.5% of the electoral quota. There was no adjustments in the number of electorates between the South and North Islands, but the law changes resulted in boundary adjustments to almost every electorate through the 1952 electoral redistribution; only five electorates were unaltered. Five electorates were reconstituted (including Manukau) and one was newly created, and a corresponding six electorates were abolished; all of these in the North Island. These changes took effect with the 1954 election.
The electorate was in the southern section of greater Auckland, and was centred on Manukau.

## History

The electorate existed from 1881 to 1938 and then from 1954 to 1978. It was represented by nine Members of Parliament.
Matthew Kirkbride was elected to the Manukau electorate in the 1902 general election, and held the electorate until he died in 1906. His death caused the 6 December 1906 Manukau by-election, which was won by Frederic Lang.
Bill Jordan was first elected in the 1922 general election and was confirmed in the next four elections. When the Labour Party won the 1935 general election and formed the First Labour Government of New Zealand, Jordan expected a cabinet position. Instead, he was appointed to the post of New Zealand High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, which had until that point been traditionally a retirement post for former cabinet ministers. His resignation from Parliament caused the 30 September 1936 Manukau by-election, which was won by Arthur Osborne.

### Members of Parliament

Key
Independent  Conservative  Liberal  Reform  Labour  National
| Election | Winner |
| 1881 election | Maurice O'Rorke |
| 1884 election | Maurice O'Rorke |
| 1887 election | Maurice O'Rorke |
| 1890 election | Frank Buckland |
| 1893 election | Maurice O'Rorke |
| 1896 election | Maurice O'Rorke |
| 1896 election | Maurice O'Rorke |
| 1899 election | Maurice O'Rorke |
| 1902 election | Matthew Kirkbride |
| 1905 election | Matthew Kirkbride |
| 1906 by-election | Frederic Lang |
| 1908 election | Frederic Lang |
| 1911 election | Frederic Lang |
| 1914 election | Frederic Lang |
| 1919 election | Frederic Lang |
| 1922 election | Bill Jordan |
| 1925 election | Bill Jordan |
| 1928 election | Bill Jordan |
| 1931 election | Bill Jordan |
| 1935 election | Bill Jordan |
| 1936 by-election | Arthur Osborne |
| (Electorate abolished 1938–1954; see Onehunga) |||
| 1954 election | Leon Götz |
| 1957 election | Leon Götz |
| 1960 election | Leon Götz |
| 1963 election | Colin Moyle |
| 1966 election | Colin Moyle |
| 1969 election | Roger Douglas |
| 1972 election | Roger Douglas |
| 1975 election | Roger Douglas |
| (Electorate abolished in 1978; see Manurewa) |||

## Election results
### 1975 election

1975 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Roger Douglas | 7,495 | 47.65 | −9.54 |
| | National | Brian Leaming | 6,817 | 43.34 | |
| | Social Credit | Robert McKee | 760 | 4.83 | |
| | Values | Chris Jackson | 626 | 3.98 | |
| | Socialist Unity | Alan Marston | 18 | 0.11 | |
| | Liberal | Ron Te Rite Pahi | 10 | 0.06 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 678 | 4.31 | −16.46 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,726 | 77.21 | −9.16 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 20,366 | | |

### 1972 election

1972 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Roger Douglas | 7,830 | 57.19 | +7.74 |
| | National | R O Price | 4,986 | 36.42 | |
| | Social Credit | Frederick Coles Jordan | 774 | 5.65 | +0.24 |
| | New Democratic | C E Inglis | 100 | 0.73 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,844 | 20.77 | +15.63 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 13,690 | 86.37 | +0.56 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 15,850 | | |

### 1969 election

1969 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Roger Douglas | 8,404 | 49.45 | |
| | National | Ronald Alfred Walden | 7,529 | 44.30 | |
| | Social Credit | Frederick Coles Jordan | 921 | 5.41 | −4.16 |
| | Independent Labour | Barry Moss | 140 | 0.82 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 875 | 5.14 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 16,994 | 85.81 | +1.28 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 19,802 | | |

### 1966 election

1966 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Colin Moyle | 8,796 | 52.36 | +2.41 |
| | National | Max Louis Peers | 6,068 | 36.12 | |
| | Social Credit | Frederick Coles Jordan | 1,609 | 9.57 | +5.55 |
| | Independent | Simon Michael Mill | 207 | 1.23 | |
| | Communist | Rita Smith | 86 | 0.51 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,728 | 16.24 | +11.38 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 16,796 | 87.09 | −4.22 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 19,284 | | |

### 1963 election

1963 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Colin Moyle | 7,798 | 49.95 | |
| | National | Henry Christopher Pryor | 7,009 | 44.90 | |
| | Social Credit | Frederick Coles Jordan | 629 | 4.02 | |
| | Communist | Ray Gough | 173 | 1.10 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 759 | 4.86 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,609 | 91.31 | −1.26 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 17,093 | | |

### 1960 election

1960 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | National | Leon Götz | 9,723 | 48.66 | +0.78 |
| | Labour | Cyril Stamp | 9,478 | 47.43 | +0.57 |
| | Social Credit | Thomas Higham | 778 | 3.89 | −1.35 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 245 | 1.22 | +0.21 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,979 | 92.57 | −1.31 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 21,581 | | |

### 1957 election

1957 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | National | Leon Götz | 7,480 | 47.88 | −8.48 |
| | Labour | Cyril Stamp | 7,321 | 46.86 | +9.91 |
| | Social Credit | Thomas Higham | 820 | 5.24 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 159 | 1.01 | −18.40 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,621 | 93.88 | +4.14 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 16,638 | | |

### 1954 election

1954 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | National | Leon Götz | 8,918 | 56.36 |
| | Labour | Cyril Stamp | 5,846 | 36.95 |
| | Social Credit | Douglas Lance Henderson | 1,057 | 6.68 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,072 | 19.41 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,821 | 89.74 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 17,628 | |

### 1936 by-election

1936 Manukau by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Arthur Osborne | 8,593 | 68.24 | |
| | National | Frederick Doidge | 3,998 | 31.75 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 22 | 0.17 | −0.40 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,595 | 36.49 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,591 | 78.69 | −11.10 |

### 1935 election

1935 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bill Jordan | 9,345 | 70.22 | +5.34 |
| | Reform | Herbert Jenner Wily | 2,943 | 22.11 | |
| | Democrat | Herbert Thornley | 1,020 | 7.66 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 76 | 0.57 | +0.35 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 6,402 | 48.10 | +18.35 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 13,308 | 89.79 | +13.04 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 14,821 | | |

### 1931 election

1931 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bill Jordan | 7,401 | 64.88 | +10.75 |
| | Reform | Stanley Rickards | 4,007 | 35.12 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 48 | 0.42 | −0.31 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,394 | 29.75 | −0.41 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,456 | 76.75 | −11.46 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 14,927 | | |

### 1928 election

1928 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bill Jordan | 6,567 | 54.13 | +1.38 |
| | United | Kells Mason | 2,908 | 23.97 | |
| | Reform | Bertram Bunn | 2,657 | 21.90 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 89 | 0.73 | +0.12 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,659 | 30.16 | +21.92 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,221 | 88.21 | −3.64 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 13,855 | | |

### 1925 election

1925 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bill Jordan | 6,748 | 52.75 | +3.71 |
| | Reform | Jack Massey | 5,964 | 46.62 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 79 | 0.61 | −0.32 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,054 | 8.24 | +6.03 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,791 | 91.85 | +3.94 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 13,925 | | |

### 1922 election

1922 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bill Jordan | 4,620 | 49.04 | |
| | Reform | Frederic Lang | 4,411 | 46.82 | −7.16 |
| | Ind. Progressive | William Adnams | 301 | 3.19 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 88 | 0.93 | −0.19 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 209 | 2.21 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,420 | 87.91 | +5.70 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,715 | | |

### 1919 election

1919 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | Frederic Lang | 4,182 | 53.98 | −2.55 |
| | Labour | Rex Mason | 2,304 | 29.74 | |
| | Liberal | Charles E. Major | 1,173 | 15.14 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 87 | 1.12 | −0.13 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,508 | 32.37 | +19.31 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,746 | 82.21 | −2.19 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,422 | | |

### 1914 election

1914 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | Frederic Lang | 5,298 | 56.53 | +1.14 |
| | Liberal | John McLarin | 4,074 | 43.46 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 118 | 1.25 | −0.14 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,224 | 13.06 | −19.16 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,372 | 84.40 | +4.19 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,103 | | |

### 1911 election

1911 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | Frederic Lang | 3,965 | 55.39 | +4.00 |
| | Liberal | Ralph D. Stewart | 1,658 | 23.16 | |
| | Liberal | Joseph Morton | 1,435 | 20.04 | +0.50 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 100 | 1.39 | +0.25 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,307 | 32.22 | +8.73 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,158 | 80.21 | −3.81 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,924 | | |

### 1908 election

1908 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Reform | Frederic Lang | 2,995 | 51.39 | −14.76 |
| | Independent | Alfred Creamer | 1,626 | 27.90 | |
| | Liberal | Joseph Morton | 1,139 | 19.54 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 67 | 1.14 | +0.67 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,369 | 23.49 | −9.29 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,827 | 84.02 | +23.50 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,935 | | |

### 1906 by-election

1906 Manukau by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Frederic Lang | 2,512 | 66.15 | |
| | Liberal | George Ballard | 1,267 | 33.36 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 18 | 0.47 | −0.47 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,245 | 32.78 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,797 | 60.52 | −25.28 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,273 | | |

### 1905 election

1905 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Matthew Kirkbride | 3,007 | 55.66 | +3.15 |
| | Liberal | Ralph D. Stewart | 2,344 | 43.39 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 51 | 0.94 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 663 | 12.27 | +7.25 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,402 | 85.80 | +8.62 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,296 | | |

### 1902 election

1902 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Matthew Kirkbride | 2,372 | 52.51 | |
| | Liberal | Sir Maurice O'Rorke | 2,145 | 47.48 | −2.80 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 227 | 5.02 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,517 | 77.18 | +3.18 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,852 | | |

### 1899 election

1899 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Sir Maurice O'Rorke | 1,967 | 50.28 | −2.16 |
| | Independent | John Edward Taylor | 936 | 23.93 | |
| | Conservative | Frank Buckland | 516 | 13.19 | −32.63 |
| | Conservative | Francis Hull | 493 | 12.60 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 38 | 0.96 | −0.76 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,031 | 26.35 | +19.73 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,950 | 74.00 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,338 | | |

### 1896 election

1896 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Sir Maurice O'Rorke | 1,702 | 52.44 | +12.27 |
| | Conservative | Frank Buckland | 1,487 | 45.82 | +14.64 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 56 | 1.72 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 215 | 6.62 | −2.37 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,245 | | |

### 1893 election

1893 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Sir Maurice O'Rorke | 1,126 | 40.17 | −6.99 |
| | Conservative | Frank Buckland | 874 | 31.18 | −21.32 |
| | Independent | James Muir | 799 | 28.50 | |
| | Independent | John McMahon | 4 | 0.14 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 252 | 8.99 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,803 | 69.41 | +5.93 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 4,038 | | |

### 1890 election

1890 general election: Manukau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Frank Buckland | 786 | 52.50 |
| | Liberal | Sir Maurice O'Rorke | 706 | 47.16 |
| | Independent | Alex Grant | 5 | 0.33 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 80 | 5.34 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,497 | 63.48 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,358 | |