OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georgia blind salamander

The Georgia blind salamander (Eurycea wallacei) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae (the "lungless salamanders"). It is endemic to the south-eastern United States where its natural habitats are inland karsts, caves and subterranean habitats (other than caves). It is listed as "Endangered" by the IUCN and is threatened by habitat loss.

## Taxonomy

The Georgia blind salamander was originally described as a member of the monotypic genus Haideotriton, but was later placed in the genus Eurycea.

## Distribution

The Georgia blind salamander is found in underground habitats in the Southeastern United States. Its precise distribution is unknown, however the first specimen to be examined scientifically was discovered in 1939 in water pumped from a deep well in Albany, Georgia. The only other locality in Georgia from which it is known is the Climax Cave, near Climax, Georgia, in Decatur County. The salamander is also known from at least eight locations near Marianna in Jackson County, Florida. All these locations are connected to the Floridan aquifer, a vast system of underground water-filled passageways in limestone which underlies much of the Southeastern United States.

## Biology

Very little is known about the biology of this salamander. It feeds on ostracods, amphipods, isopods, copepods and other small aquatic prey. It frequents caverns where bats roost where bat droppings may fall into the water. Females with developing eggs have been found in May and November and it is thought that breeding may take place at any time of year. It appears to remain neotenic (breeding in its larval state) and no metamorphosised individuals have ever been found. The Dougherty Plain blind crayfish (Cambarus cryptodytes) is often found in the same habitat and may prey on the salamander, and fish such as the American eel (Anguilla rostrata), the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) and the Redeye Chub (Notropis harperi) are also likely predators.
The eyes are extremely reduced, and are embedded in a mass of adipose tissue. Extrinsic eye muscles are absent, and the undifferentiated retina is lacking rods and cones, an outer plexiform layer, and a subdivided nuclear layer. In some individuals a rudimentary lens is present.

## Habitat and conservation

The locations in which the Georgia blind salamander are found are connected by the Floridan aquifer and it is presumed that it is by this means that populations are linked. The water is usually clear, but may become cloudy after heavy rain, and remains at 18 to 21 °C (64 to 70 °F) throughout the year. Two of the caves in which this species was found at one time have since been destroyed. Other caves in the Florida Caverns State Park are protected and in these, populations of the salamander seem stable. The IUCN considers this species vulnerable. Threats include pollution from agricultural activities and changes in the water table due to the extraction of water from the aquifer. There is a possibility that populations may be impacted by over-removal for scientific purpose or by collectors.
# George Parry (cricketer)

George Frederick Parry (8 December 1794 – 11 January 1872) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1818 to 1829.
Parry was born at Tellicherry (now Thalassery), Kerala, India. Mainly associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and Surrey, he made 16 known appearances in first-class matches. He played for the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series. He died in Mentone, Italy, aged 77.
# The Economic History Review

The Economic History Review is a peer-reviewed history journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Economic History Society. It was established in 1927 by Eileen Power and is currently edited by Sara Horrell, Jaime Reis and Patrick Wallis. Its first editors were E. Lipson and R. H. Tawney and other previous editors include M. M. Postan, H. J. Habbakuk, Max Hartwell (1960–1968), Christopher Dyer, Nicholas Crafts, John Hatcher, Richard Smith, Jane Humphries, Steve Hindle and Phillipp Schofield.

## Edition

The lead editors are John Turner, Giovanni Federico and Tirthankar Roy. The editorial board counts 21 other editors, including Jane Humphries and Debin Ma from the University of Oxford and Sara Horrell, Max-Stephan Schulze and Patrick Wallis from the London School of Economics. The journal has published 75 volumes usually composed of 4 annual issues.

## Ranking

It is considered one of the best economic history journals along with the Journal of Economic History, Explorations in Economic History and the European Review of Economic History. RePEc has ranked the journal 383rd out of 2982 economics journals. Its 2021 impact factor was 2.487.
# Lincat

Lincat is an industrial catering and foodservice equipment company based in Lincolnshire that is represented on the Alternative Investment Market. The company claims to be the UK's leading manufacturer of commercial catering equipment.

## History

Lincat Ltd was founded in 1971 in North Hykeham, Lincolnshire. The company began manufacturing electrically heated large-scale cooking equipment. From 1988 Lincat introduced gas-heated cooking equipment. The company was floated on the Unlisted Securities Market in 1988, then on to the LSE in 1994 and to the Alternative Investment Market on 20 August 2007.
The company moved to its present-day 12,000 sq metre manufacturing facility in 1997. On the afternoon of Monday 1 June 1998, the factory was formally opened by the Duke of Edinburgh.
The site includes a gym for staff use
In 2011, Lincat became an Official Supplier of catering equipment for the WorldSkills Cooking Competition 2011 in London.

### Acquisitions

It bought IMC in December 1994 and Britannia in November 2002. Heydal, a kitchen ventilation manufacturer, was bought in March 2007 for £0.4 million and merged with the Britannia brand. It sold Mercury Appliances to Aga Rangemaster for £0.4 million in August 2009.

## Structure

It is situated in North Hykeham, not far from the A46 bypass, on Whisby Road near the junction with Kingsley Road, near the Hotel Ibis and just south of the district (North Kesteven) boundary with Lincoln.
It is a member of the Catering Equipment Suppliers Association.

### Divisions

Other divisions of the company are
* IMC - based on the Wrexham Industrial Estate
* Britannia Kitchen Ventilation - based on the Sydenham Industrial Estate in Leamington Spa

## Products

It makes the full range of cooking and food preparation equipment for professional use (heavy duty), on a corporate scale. It has the Silverlink brand. It has won Caterer and Hotelkeeper awards. Lincat Group has market capitalisation of around £32m. It claims to sell over 2000 finished products and spares weekly. There are more than 450 items in its product range.
Types of equipment it makes are:
* Bain-maries
* Bake off ovens
* Convection ovens
* Conveyor toasters
* Deep fryers
* Electric fly killers
* Food steamers
* Griddles
* Grilling equipment
* Pizza ovens
* Roasting oven
* Sandwich toasters
* Sinks
* Water boilers
* UV Pass Through Steriliser Box

### Services

It trains commercial cooks how to use its products on-site.
# 1935 UCI Track Cycling World Championships

The 1935 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Brussels, Belgium from 10 to 18 August 1935. Three events for men were contested, two for professionals and one for amateurs.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's Professional Events ||||
| Men's sprint details | Jef Scherens Belgium | Albert Richter Germany | Louis Gérardin France |
| Men's motor-paced details | Charles Lacquehay France | Erich Metze Germany | Georges Ronsse Belgium |
| Men's Amateur Events ||||
| Men's sprint details | Toni Merkens Germany | Arie van Vliet Netherlands | Jef van de Vijver Netherlands |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
# Ma. Carissa Coscolluela

Maria Carissa Oledan Coscolluela is a Filipino humanitarian, civic leader, and politician. She was a member of the 14th Congress of the Philippines from 2007 to 2010. She has served as the vice chairperson and member of the board of trustees of the Cultural Center of the Philippines since 2024.

## Early life and career

Coscolluela was born on November 16, 1972 in Manila, Philippines to Ricardo Coscolluela and Maria Erlinda Oledan. She graduated from the International School Manila in 1990 and had her B.A in Interdisciplinary Studies from the Ateneo de Manila University in 1994.
After graduating from university, Coscolluela worked as the Vice President for External Affairs of the Subic Bay Waterfront Development Corporation, and became the founding President of the Subic Bay Tourism Association. She volunteered as a convenor of various community initiatives of the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority under the administration of Dick Gordon.
In 2001, Coscolluela served as the chief of staff of Gordon when the latter became the Secretary of the Department of Tourism under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Coscolluela served concurrently as the OIC Director of the Office of Tourism Information., When Gordon was elected to the Senate of the Philippines in 2004, Coscolluela served briefly as his chief of staff.
During the national elections of 2007, Coscolluela was nominated by Buhay Party-List as its second nominee. Coscolluela became a member of the 14th Congress. As a congresswoman, Coscolluela authored and sponsored legislation on economy, humanitarian, and advocacy. Coscolluela funded through congressional initiatives which led to her designation as an Adopted Daughter of Olongapo City.
In March 2024, Coscolluela was appointed by President Bongbong Marcos, as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

## Legacy
### Humanitarian work

Coscolluela sits on the board of governors of the Philippine Red Cross. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Coscolluela steered the organization's vaccination programs.

### Sports leadership

Coscolluela has served as the chef d'equipe of numerous Philippine national teams to regional championships since 1992 such as the Southeast Asian Games and Asian Games, including of the team gold and individual silver and bronze contingent to the 2005 SEA Games. In 2001 she became the founding member of the Equestrian Association of the Philippines, and served as secretary general and president of the EAP in various years. Along with Joker Arroyo, Toni Leviste, and other members of the equestrian community, Coscolluela in 2018 founded Equestrian Philippines, Inc.
# Kapalabhati

Kapalabhati (Sanskrit: कपालभाति, romanized: kapālabhāti, "Skull-polishing") is an important shatkarma, a purification in hatha yoga. The word kapalabhati is made up of two Sanskrit words: kapāla meaning "skull", and bhāti meaning "shining, illuminating". It is intended mainly for cleaning the sinuses but according to the Gheranda Samhita has magical curative effects.
In the Jivamukti Yoga of David Life and Sharon Gannon, three forms of Kapalabhati are practised, derived from the Gheranda Samhita 1:54:
* Vatakrama, a practice similar to the pranayama technique of Bhastrika or "Breath of Fire", except that exhalation is active while inhalation is passive, the opposite of normal breathing.
* Vyutkrama, a practice similar to Jala neti, it involves sniffing water through the nostrils and letting it flow down into the mouth, and then spitting it out.
* Shītkrama, essentially the reverse of Vyutkrama, in which water is taken through the mouth and expelled through the nose.
# Buty

Buty is a Czech music group originally from Ostrava, formed in 1986 by Richard Kroczek and Radek Pastrňák from the bands U238 and B komplex. The founding members were joined by Vít Kučaj, Ivan Myslikovjan, and Luděk Piásečný. The name of the group means "shoes" in the local dialect.

## Background and history

The group's musical style is eclectic, mixing rock and folk with other styles, including world music, country, jazz, reggae, and others. The group became popular in Czechoslovakia at the beginning of the 1990s, and their popularity peaked at the end of that decade, when their concerts attracted audiences of thousands and they were among the most popular bands in the country. Buty recorded music for Jízda, a 1994 road movie by Jan Svěrák, which also features the band leader Radek Pastrňák in one of the main roles; the band's album PPoommaalluu is partially a soundtrack for the movie.

## Band members

Current
* Radomír Pastrňák – lead guitar, vocals
* Richard Kroczek – drums
* Petr Vavřík – bass guitar
* Milan Straka – wind instruments
* Vlastimil Šmída – keyboards
* Radek Pastrňák
* Petr Vavřík
* Milan Straka
* Vlastimil Šmída
Past
* Milan Nytra – keyboards
* Alan Švejk Hudeček – vocals
* Marek Moroň – vocals
* Ivan Myslikovjan
* Luděk Piásečný
* Vít Kučaj
* Andrei Toader
* David Straka

## Discography

Studio albums
* Pískej si, pískej (1992)
* Ppoommaalluu (1994)
* Dřevo (1995)
* Rastakayakwanna (1997)
* Kapradí (1999)
* Normale (2001)
* Votom (2006)
* Duperele (2012)
Compilations
* buTYKVAriát (2003)
Live albums
* Kosmostour 2000 (Live) (2000)
Soundtracks
* Jízda (Motion picture soundtrack – 1994)
* Tajnosti (Motion picture soundtrack – 2007)
* Mamas & Papas (Motion picture soundtrack – 2010)
Singles
* "Malinkého ptáčka" (1996)
* "Tata" (1999)

## Selected awards and nominations

* 1994 Czech Lion Awards for Jan Svěrák's Jízda
* 1995 Anděl Award for Best Band
* 1997 Anděl Award for Best Band
* 1999 Anděl Award for Best Band
* Nominated for 2007 Czech Lion Awards for Alice Nellis's Tajnosti.
* Nominated for 2010 Czech Lion Awards for Alice Nellis's Mamas & Papas
# Barclay Hotel (Philadelphia)

The Barclay Hotel was located at 237 S. 18th St. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Rittenhouse Square.

## History

The Barclay Hotel opened in October 1929. It was, for a period of time, the most famous hotel in Philadelphia. It was owned by the well-known developer John McShain.

### Abscam scandal

In 1980, the hotel was the site of the FBI's Abscam sting operation, which exposed corruption in government. Federal agents posing as Arab sheikhs rented a suite in the hotel, where they solicited the help of local, state, and federal officials.

### Condominium conversion

In 1989, the hotel was put up for sale for approximately $30 million. In April 1992, owner Barclay Hotel Associates filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The property was subsequently purchased by Princeton, New Jersey developer Peter Marks for $4.3 million in October 1994. Construction on the Barclay Condominiums was completed in 2005.

## Literary references

In the 1994 novel The Fermata by Nicholson Baker, the narrator first discovers his ability to "freeze time" while staying at the Barclay Hotel as a child.
# Ambubachi Mela

The Ambubachi Mela (/ˈæmbuˌbɑːtʃi, ˌæmbuˈbɑːtʃi ˈmeɪlə, miːlə/) is an annual Hindu mela (gathering) held at Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati, Assam. This yearly mela is celebrated during the monsoon season that happens to fall during the Assamese month Ahaar, around the middle of June when the sun transits to the zodiac of Mithuna, when the Brahmaputra River is in spate. During this time Brahmaputra River near the temple turns Red for three days.
Ambubachi Mela is the celebration of the yearly menstruation course of goddess Kamakhya. It is believed that the presiding goddess of the temple, Devi Kamakhya, the Mother Shakti, goes through her annual cycle of menstruation during this time stretch. It is also believed that during the monsoon rains, the creative and nurturing power of the 'menses' of Mother Earth becomes accessible to devotees at this site during the mela. There is no idol of the presiding deity but she is worshipped in the form of a yoni-like stone instead over which a natural spring flows.

## Tantric fertility festival

This mela is also known as Ameti or Tantric fertility festival since it is closely associated with Tantric Shakti cult prevalent in eastern parts of India. Even some Tantric Babas make their public appearances only during these four days. The rest of the year, they remain in seclusion. Some Babas are seen displaying their psychic powers like putting their heads in a pit and stand upright on it, or standing on one leg for hours at a stretch.

## The mela

The temple remains closed for three days during the mela for it is believed that Goddess Kamakhya rests for three days like the traditional women's menstrual seclusion. During these three days some restrictions are observed by the devotees like not cooking, not performing puja or reading holy books, no farming etc. After three days, the Goddess is bathed and other rituals are performed to ensure that Goddess Kamakhya is back to her original form. Then the doors of the temple are reopened and prasad is distributed. On the fourth day the devotees are allowed to enter the temple and worship devi Kamakhya.

### The prasad

The prasad is distributed in two forms – Angodak and Angabastra. Angodak literally means the fluid part of the body - water from the spring and Angabastra literally means the cloth covering the body - a piece of the red cloth used to cover the yoni rock fissure during the days of menstruation.

## Pilgrims

Every year lakhs of pilgrims, starting from Sadhus to householders, from all over India, come to Guwahati to observe this festival. They include Sanyasins, black clad Aghoras, the Khade-babas, the Baul or singing minstrels of West Bengal, intellectual and folk Tantriks, Sadhus and Sadhvis with long matted hair etc. Even foreigners from abroad come to seek blessings of mother Kamakhya.
# Godków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Godków (German: Guckelhausen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kostomłoty, within Środa Śląska County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) south of Środa Śląska, and 34 km (21 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Nanua Bairagi

Nanua Bairagi, (~17th–18th century) also known as Nanua Bhagat and Jamala Singh, was a renowned mystic, humanitarian and Sikh warrior of Punjab.

## Nanua as a humanitarian and spiritual mentor of Bhai Kanhaiya

Nanua was also the spiritual mentor of Bhai Kanhaiya, who in turn started Sewapanthi mission .

## Nanua as a poet-mystic

As a Darbari Kavi, or court poet, of Sikh gurus, his poetry left an imprint on the poetry style of Bulhe Shah. One of his famous hymns is given as follows:
   I am Naught, O Lord, Thou art All!
   I have seen all cloth, each shred,
   To find all textures the self-same cotton.
   Rama's light of love falls over all:
   Fear not then dreadful Kala.
   Rama runs through every nerve,
   And Sohang, Sohang cry the pores!
   I am naught, O Lord, Thou art All!
Sohang is apabransha of Upnishadic Soham (Sanskrit) which means "I am He". This is also termed as mahavakya in Upnishads and represents final union or gnosis of soul with Brahman, or the over-soul.
It is thus clear that Nanua's poetry synthesized both Vedantic and Sufi monisms into distinctly Sikh devotional practice, informed by direct discipleship and service of Sikh masters. Which speaks volumes about his stature as a poet and his place among the preeminent Sikh mystics whose place in Sikhism is second only to ten Sikh Gurus.

## Nanua as a close associate of Sikh gurus

Bhai Jamala Singh was a reputed Khatri of the 17th century and Guru Tegh Bahadur is said to have had a great regard for him. Throughout his life he rendered his valuable services to Sikh Guru. He enjoyed the privilege of having close relationships with 8th, 9th & 10th Sikh Gurus. At the time of 8th Guru's death in Delhi, he arranged the cremation & later carried Guru ji's bone urn to Kiratpur Sahib. From there, along with Guru's family members he reached Baba Bakala as indicated by the 8th guru. After the cremation ceremony of 9th guru, he remained in the company of his master on various teaching missions. At the time of the last voyage of Guru Tegh Bahadur ji to Delhi, he accompanied the convoy. After the martyrdom of the Guru & Sikhs, he arranged their cremation. He along with Bhai Jaita and Bhai Uda had found and carried Guru Tegh Bahadur's severed head to Anandpur Sahib.

## Nanua as a baptized Sikh, warrior and martyr

As a baptised Sikh of 10th Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, he was named Jamala Singh Nanuan. As a great warrior, his service was equal to his contemporaries, Bhai Bachittar Singh Minhas, Bhai Jaita and Bhai Sangat Singh Minhas, Mai Bhago.
# Bhuj railway station

Bhuj railway station (station code:- BHUJ) is a Class-A railway station in Bhuj, Gujarat, India, on the Western line of the Western Railway network. It is the last station on the Western Railway line in the area. It handles nine trains.
# Miguel Romero (baseball)

Luis Miguel Romero Mansfarroll (born April 23, 1994) is a Cuban professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He is currently a phantom ballplayer, having spent 13 days on the active roster of the Oakland Athletics without making an appearance.

## Professional career
### Oakland Athletics

Romero played for Guantánamo in the Cuban National Series from 2012 to 2016. He signed with the Oakland Athletics as an international free agent on February 1, 2017.
Romero's first affiliated season was split between the rookie-level AZL Athletics, the Single-A Beloit Snappers, and the High-A Stockton Ports, where he accumulated a 4.88 ERA in 14 total appearances. In 2018, Romero split the year between Stockton and the Double-A Midland RockHounds, pitching to a 3.94 ERA with 66 strikeouts in 59.1 innings pitched across 44 appearances. Romero spent the 2019 season with the Triple-A Las Vegas Aviators, recording a 3.96 ERA with 81 strikeouts across 45 contests. Romero did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Athletics added him to their 40-man roster following the 2020 season on November 20, 2020 to protect him from the Rule 5 draft.
Romero was assigned to Triple-A Las Vegas in 2021, but struggled to a 6.27 ERA in 28 appearances for the team. On September 8, 2021, Romero was promoted to the major leagues for the first time after A. J. Puk was optioned to Triple-A. However, he spent 13 days on the active roster without appearing in a game and was optioned back to Triple-A on September 21 following Michael Feliz's addition to the roster. This earned him the distinction of being a phantom ballplayer, having spent time on the major league team's active roster without having a major league appearance. On March 27, 2022, it was announced that Romero would be optioned to Triple-A Las Vegas to begin the 2022 season. He was designated for assignment by Oakland on April 21. He cleared waivers and was sent outright to Triple-A on April 23. He spent the remainder of the year with the Aviators, struggling to a 7.76 ERA with 32 strikeouts in 53.1 innings pitched across 38 appearances.
In 2023, Romero's struggles continued, as he worked to a 6.60 ERA with 12 strikeouts in 15.0 innings of work across 14 contests. He was released by the Athletics organization on May 23, 2023.

### Conspiradores de Querétaro

On February 19, 2024, Romero signed with the Conspiradores de Querétaro of the Mexican League. In 10 starts, he posted a 2–2 record with a 4.95 ERA and 27 strikeouts over 40 innings pitched. On July 5, Romero was released by the Conspiradores.

## International career

Romero pitched for Team Cuba in the 2023 World Baseball Classic. In the Classic, he posted a 2.08 ERA and 0.92 WHIP with 13 strikeouts, leading all pitchers in WBC play. Following the tournament, Romero was named to the All-World Baseball Classic Team.