OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 9 (Los Angeles Railway)

9 was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1932 to 1955.

## History

When the M Line was split up in 1932, the segments on 48th and 54th Streets were spun off into their own service: the 9 car. It ran from 48th and Crenshaw to 54th and Crenshaw, in a U-shaped routing via Downtown.
The service was rerouted in 1934, with the outbound terminal remaining at 48th and Crenshaw and cars running to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's La Grande Station on tracks used by the 7. (Former tracks were taken over by 8 service.) The line ran from 3rd Street and Santa Fe Avenue to 48th Street and Crenshaw Boulevard, by way of 3rd Street, 2nd Street Broadway, Pico Boulevard, Grand Avenue, Santa Barbara Avenue, Hoover Street, and 48th Street.
The line was again rerouted in 1939 as the 48th Street segment of the old 9 was combined with portions of the former 2 and 10 cars. At the intersection of Pasadena and Broadway, the line split into two branches: one to Montecito Drive and one to Mission Road. With the recent opening of Union Station and closure of La Grande Station, the segment of Los Angeles Railway tracks leading to the old facility also abandoned. The branch to Montecito Drive via Griffin Avenue was abandoned in April 1948. Service on the whole line ended after May 22, 1955 when the line was converted to bus operations.

## Sources

* ↑ Breivogel, Milton; Bate, Stuart (1942). "Mass Transit Facilities and Master Plan of Parkways" (PDF). Los Angeles City Planning Commission. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
* 1 2 3 "'9'". Electric Railway Historical Association of Southern California. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
* ↑ H.P. Noordwal (1938). "Route Map Los Angeles Railway Electric Car and Bus Routes" (Map). Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. Los Angeles Railway. "Alternate link" (Map). via Google.
* ↑ "May 22: This Date in Los Angeles Transportation History". Metro Primary Resources. Dorothy Peyton Gray Transportation Museum and Archive. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
# The Duquesne Duke

The Duquesne Duke is the campus newspaper of Duquesne University.
The Duke has been in operation since March 5, 1925. Written and edited by students, it is published every Thursday during the academic year, excluding exam periods and holidays. The paper provides a mix of campus news, student opinions, editorials, and advertisements. The Duke reports a circulation of approximately 3,000 newspapers every week to upwards of 10,000 undergraduate and graduate students in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Online, The Duke website has averaged over 15,000 views per month since August 2015.

## History

The paper was first published in 1925 and ran until 1942, when WWII forced it to pause publication until the war's end. The Duke resumed in 1949 and still publishes, in print and online, every Thursday.

## Controversies

In the October 22, 2015 edition, a Staff Editorial detailed comments then-Duquesne University President Charles Dougherty made at a faculty town hall meeting. The article reported that Dougherty accused students who live off-campus as "liv[ing] a libertine lifestyle" and described their situation as "mardi gras." The comments set off a fire-storm in the campus community and received coverage from national outlets such as The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, The Chronicle of Higher Education, the Associated Press and others.
A news article published in the March 29, 2017 edition highlighted concern from the Duquesne LGBTQ community over the proposed addition of a Chick-fil-A Express on campus. Donald Trump Jr. mocked the upset Duquesne students on Twitter saying they were "#triggered." Further controversy developed when during an April 13, 2017 segment of "Fox & Friends," anchor Ainsley Earhardt appeared to plagiarize The Duke's reporting. The Society of Professional Journalists reported on Fox New's plagiarism, saying it "violates a core part of SPJ’s Code of Ethics," and that "Fox News didn’t practice ethical journalism standards. To do this to college students seem [sic] even more wrong.”
Reporting from The Duke again received national attention in September 2017. After a graph detailing the Student Government Association's budget was to be run in the paper, the SGA threatened to block the printing of the information. After The Duke editorial staff refused SGA requests, the SGA filed for prior restraint with Duquesne University's Publication Board. The SGA request was denied and the paper printed the budgetary information. The incident received national coverage from the SPLC and in Politico's Morning Media newsletter.
# Bobovište, Bar

Boboshti (Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Бобовиште; Albanian: Boboshti) is a village in Bar Municipality, in southeastern Montenegro. It lies on the western bank of Lake Skadar, in a geographical region known as Skadarska Krajina. It is inhabited by ethnic Albanians.

## History

Prior to the village population's conversion to Islam, they had used the nearby Orthodox Moračnik Monastery as their church. In 1894, while Branislav Nušić travelled here, he noted that the village was Muslim.

## Demographics

As of 2003 the village had a population of 230.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 180. All of the inhabitants are Sunni Muslim and Albanian. The average age of the population is 43.1. A major fallout in the population has been due to young people emigrating to western countries such as USA, Switzerland and Australia etc. A large majority of people from Bobovište emigrated to especially USA. The Albanians of this village speak in the Gheg dialect of the Albanian language.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Albanians | 180 | 100.0% |
| Total | 180 | 100% |
# CAFA U-20 Women's Championship

The CAFA U-20 Women's Championship is a biennial football championship for women's footballers under the age of 20 and is organized by the Central Asian Football Association (CAFA). The championship was held for the first time in June 2021 in Tajikistan.

## Results

| Year | Host | Final | Final | Final | Third Place Match | Third Place Match | Third Place Match |
| Year | Host | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Third-place | Score | Fourth place |
| 2021 Details | Tajikistan | Uzbekistan | round-robin | Iran | Kyrgyzstan | round-robin | Afghanistan |
# Jocelyn Paul

Lieutenant-General Jocelyn Paul, CMM, MSC, CD (born January 3, 1964) is a senior Canadian Forces officer who served as commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff from June 16, 2022 until July 13, 2024.

## Early life and education

Paul was born and raised in Wendake, a First Nations community in Quebec. He is a member of the Huron-Wendat.
Paul attended the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, where he studied history and earned a bachelor's degree in 1988. He then went on to complete a master's degree in anthropology at the Université de Montréal in 1991.

## Military career

Paul joined the reserve force in 1988 as an infantry officer with the Régiment du Saguenay and Régiment de Maisonneuve. He transferred to the regular force in 1991 as part of the Royal 22e Régiment. He was promoted to lieutenant-general in 2021, when he was appointed Deputy Commander Allied Joint Forces Command Naples.
On April 21, 2022, the Department of National Defence announced that Paul had been selected to become the next commander of the Canadian Army. He took over the role on June 16, 2022. He is the first and only Indigenous person to serve in this position.

## Medals and Awards

| Description | Notes |
| Order of Military Merit (CMM) | Commander |
| Meritorious Service Cross (MSC) | Military division |
| General Campaign Star | South-West Asia |
| Operational Service Medal – EXPEDITION | 2 rotation bars |
| Special Service Medal | NATO-OTAN clasp |
| Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal | |
| UNPROFOR Medal | United Nations Protection Force |
| Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Medal | |
| Canadian Forces' Decoration (CD) | 2 clasps, 32 years of Canadian Forces service |
| Legion of Merit | Degree of Officer, United States |
# Too Blind to See It

Too Blind to See It may refer to:
* Too Blind to See It (album), a 1992 album by Kym Sims
* "Too Blind to See It" (song), from the album
# Perring-Loch, Baltimore

Perring-Loch is a small community located in northeast Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Perring Parkway serves as its eastern border and Loch Raven Boulevard as its western border; hence the name Perring-Loch. Woodbourne Avenue and Hartsdale Road are the northern and southern boundaries respectively. The entire community is with the 21239 postal zip code and is served by the Perring Loch community association.

## Demographics

According to the 2000 US Census, 2728 people live in Perring-Loch, with more than 85% African-American and fewer than 10% White. The median household income is $53,722.
# Adams Subdivision

The Adams Subdivision or Adams Sub is a 139.2-mile (224.0 km) railway line owned and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad. It meets the Wyeville Subdivision to the west in Wyeville, Wisconsin, and runs to Butler, Wisconsin in the east where it meets the Milwaukee Subdivision. It was constructed in 1911 by the Chicago and North Western Railway. The Milwaukee, Sparta, and Northwestern Railroad, a subsidiary of the Chicago and North Western Railway, began the "Air Line" or "Adams Cutoff" from Adams, Wisconsin towards Sparta, Wisconsin in 1910. The Adams Cutoff avoided the steep grades of the Elroy to Sparta cutoff on the route from Madison, Wisconsin.
The Twin Cities 400 ran on the Adams Subdivision from its creation in 1935 to its discontinuation in 1963, and was the last routinely operated passenger train to run on the line. In July 2019, an excursion train ran on the Adams Subdivision as part of the "Great Race Across the Midwest" celebratory tour. The train was led by Union Pacific 4014, a 4-8-8-4 Big Boy type steam locomotive.
# The Ellsworth American

The Ellsworth American is a local weekly newspaper covering Hancock County, Maine.

## Overview

The Ellsworth American is a locally owned and managed weekly newspaper serving Hancock County, Maine. Publication began Oct. 17, 1851, making The American the oldest newspaper in Hancock County and the second oldest in Maine. The newspaper has won numerous awards and distinctions from state, New England and national newspaper associations in recognition of news coverage, photography, editorial pages, advertising layouts and general excellence.

## Circulation

The American's 2012 circulation was 10,355.

## Publication

The newspaper, which has a Thursday dateline, is printed each Wednesday afternoon and is available on newsstands throughout Hancock and western Washington counties and the Bangor/Brewer area of Penobscot County. Print subscriptions are mailed nationwide and fully searchable digital subscriptions have been available since 2009. The American's website, ellsworthamerican.com, is updated daily.

## Staff

The Ellsworth American and its sister paper The Mount Desert Islander in 2012 employed a combined staff of 55. Departments include news, advertising, internet, circulation, administration, accounting, creative services and the press and mail room.
Publisher Alan Baker purchased the paper in 1991. In 2018, he sold the company to Reade Brower. The administrative staff includes General Manager Kathy Cook and Managing Editor Cyndi Wood.

## History

The Ellsworth American began as The Ellsworth Herald on Oct. 17, 1851. It was founded by Bangor men Elijah Couillard and W.B. Hilton. The name was changed to Ellsworth American in 1855 and modified to The Ellsworth American in 1864. James Russell Wiggins, former editor of The Washington Post and briefly U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, spent more than 30 years as editor of the paper. Wiggins transformed the small-town weekly into an award-winning and nationally recognized publication. Upon retiring as ambassador, Wiggins took over operations in 1969. He was editor until his death in 2000. His poems still are published on The American's editorial page. Wiggins also wrote a weekly column titled "The Fenceviewer" commemorating the title of officials elected in early New England towns to settle boundary disputes between neighbors. In January 1991, Wiggins sold the paper to current publisher Alan Baker, who joined The American staff in 1986.
The American's sister paper, The Mount Desert Islander in Bar Harbor, was founded in 2001.
The American's 160th anniversary in 2011 was commemorated at the state capitol. The Senate passed a legislative sentiment honoring The American as a locally owned and managed paper and the second oldest weekly newspaper in Maine. "With today’s trend of media consolidation, having a hometown newspaper like The Ellsworth American remain under local ownership and control is rare and wonderful," state Sen. Brian Langley (R-Hancock County) said at the time.
In 2018, Baker sold The American and Islander to Reade Brower.
# Frank Miele

Frank Miele (born c. 1955) is an American journalist and senior editor at Skeptic. He is best known for his advocacy of the concept of race, as well as defending the hereditarian hypotheses in its relation to race and intelligence.
Miele earned his B.A. in psychology in 1970 and an M.S. in 1972 from the University of Georgia where he studied under psychologist R. Travis Osborne. While an undergraduate, he became a regular contributor to Mankind Quarterly and collaborated with Donald A. Swan and A. James Gregor. He has also worked as a research assistant and consultant for Richard Lynn.
He made his first contribution to Skeptic in 1994. He has held interviews with notable figures from various disciplines including evolutionists Richard Dawkins and E. O. Wilson, anthropologists Donald Johanson, Lionel Tiger, and Robin Fox, and psychologist Robert Sternberg.

## Selected bibliography

* Kistler, Walter; Miele, Frank (2003). Reflections on Life: Science, Religion, Truth, Ethics, Success, Society. Bellevue: Foundation for the Future. ISBN 0-9677252-8-3.
* Miele, Frank (2002). Intelligence, Race, And Genetics: Conversations with Arthur R. Jensen. Oxford: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-4274-0.
* Sarich, Vincent; Miele, (2005). Race: The Reality of Human Differences. Oxford: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-4322-4.
# Abelsonite

Abelsonite is a nickel porphyrin mineral with chemical formula C$_{31}$H$_{32}$N$_4$Ni. It was discovered in 1969 in the U.S. State of Utah and described in 1975. The mineral is named after geochemist Philip H. Abelson. It is the only known crystalline geoporphyrin.

## Description

Abelsonite is semitransparent and pink-purple, dark greyish purple, pale purplish red, or reddish brown in color. The mineral occurs as thin laths or plates or small aggregates up to 1 cm (0.39 in). The mineral is soluble in benzene and acetone and is insoluble in water, dilute hydrochloric acid, and dilute nitric acid.

## Occurrence and formation

The mineral is known only from the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation. It has been known from the Uinta Basin in Utah since its discovery and from the Piceance Basin in Colorado since 1985. Abelsonite occurs in association with albite, analcime, dolomite, mica, orthoclase, pyrite, and quartz.
Abelsonite is a secondary mineral that formed in fractures, vugs, and bedding planes of oil shale. The mineral probably formed from diagenesis of chlorophyll, likely chlorophyll a, which was transported as an aqueous solution into a favorable geologic setting. Alternative source are Methanogen Archea, where close compound is used in Cofactor F430 critical for methane production.
In 2003, abelsonite was fully synthesized for the first time.

## Structure

In 1989, abelsonite was the only known geoporphyrin to have a crystalline structure. Most geoporphyrins occur as a series of homologues spanning a large range of carbon numbers. The porphyrin which comprises abelsonite is common, but it does not usually occur in isolation from other porphyrins.
The mineral is a deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin (DPEP), with nickel occupying the center of the porphyrin ring. Most of the mineral consists of a C$_{31}$ porphyrin with small quantities of a C$_{30}$ norisomer. The mineral crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system.

## History

The mineral was first noted in 1969 in a core sample made by the Western Oil Shale Corporation in Uintah County, Utah. It was described in 1975 in the journal Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. The mineral was named after Philip H. Abelson (1913–2004), a long-time editor of the journal Science, for his work in organic geochemistry.
Type specimens are held in The Natural History Museum in London and the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
# Chop-Chop

"Chop-Chop" is a song by English rock band Killing Joke and the second single from their studio album Revelations. It was released by E.G. Records as a 7" single, backed by B-side "Good Samaritan". This single, unlike "Empire Song", did not chart.

## Production and release

"Chop-Chop" suffered the same fate as "Empire Song". At the band's performance on Top of the Pops, the "Fake Coleman" keyboardist was used again with drummer Paul Ferguson as singer. At this time, frontman Jaz Coleman was the only member of Killing Joke to have moved to Iceland. However, by the end of the year, the other three members also moved to Iceland to avoid the Apocalypse, as predicted by Coleman.

## Track listing
### Side A

* "Chop-Chop" – 04:18

### Side B

* "Good Samaritan" – 03:30
# Arpacık, Ulus

Arpacık is a village in the Ulus District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 160 (2021).
# List of heads of the military of post-imperial Russia

This article presents the heads of the military departments of the Russian Provisional Government (Russian Republic), the Russian SFSR, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

## Provisional Government (1917)

Ministers of War and Navy of the Russian Provisional Government :
| Name | Name | Time in office | Time in office |
| Alexander Guchkov | Alexander Guchkov | March 2, 1917 | April 30, 1917 |
| Alexander Kerensky | Alexander Kerensky | May 5, 1917 | August 30, 1917 |
| Aleksander Verkhovsky | Aleksander Verkhovsky | August 30, 1917 | October 25, 1917 |

## Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1922)

People's Commissars for Military and Naval Affairs of the RSFSR :
| Portrait | Portrait | Name | Name | Time in office | Time in office |
| | | Nikolai Podvoisky | Nikolai Podvoisky | November 10, 1917 | March 13, 1918 |
| | | Leon Trotsky | Leon Trotsky | March 13, 1918 | November 12, 1923 |

## Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)

People's Commissars for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR :
| Portrait | Name | Time in office | Time in office |
| | Leon Trotsky | November 12, 1923 | January 26, 1925 |
| | Mikhail Frunze | January 26, 1925 | October 31, 1925 |
| | Kliment Voroshilov | November 6, 1925 | June 20, 1934 |
| People's Commissars of Defense of the USSR ||||
| | Kliment Voroshilov | June 20, 1934 | May 7, 1940 |
| | Semen Tymoshenko | May 7, 1940 | July 19, 1941 |
| | Joseph Stalin | July 19, 1941 | February 25, 1946 |
| People's Commissar of the Armed Forces of the USSR ||||
| | Joseph Stalin | February 25, 1946 | March 15, 1946 |
| Ministers of the Armed Forces of the USSR ||||
| | Joseph Stalin | March 15, 1946 | March 3, 1947 |
| | Nikolay Bulganin | March 3, 1947 | March 24, 1949 |
| | Alexander Vasilevsky | March 24, 1949 | February 25, 1950 |
| Minister of War of the USSR ||||
| | Alexander Vasilevsky | February 25, 1950 | March 15, 1953 |
| Ministers of Defense of the USSR ||||
| | Nikolay Bulganin | March 15, 1953 | February 9, 1955 |
| | George Zhukov | February 9, 1955 | October 26, 1957 |
| | Rodion Malinovsky | October 26, 1957 | March 31, 1967 |
| | Andrey Grechko | April 12, 1967 | April 26, 1976 |
| | Dmitry Ustinov | April 29, 1976 | December 20, 1984 |
| | Sergey Sokolov | December 22, 1984 | May 30, 1987 |
| | Dmitry Yazov | May 30, 1987 | August 29, 1991 |
| | Yevgeny Shaposhnikov | August 29, 1991 | February 14, 1992 |

## Russian Federation (1991–present)

Ministers of Defense of Russia :
| Name | Time in office | Time in office |
| Boris Yeltsin | March 16, 1992 | May 18, 1992 |
| Pavel Grachev | May 18, 1992 | June 18, 1996 |
| Igor Rodionov | July 17, 1996 | May 23, 1997 |
| Igor Sergeyev | May 23, 1997 | March 28, 2001 |
| Sergei Ivanov | March 28, 2001 | February 15, 2007 |
| Anatoly Serdyukov | February 15, 2007 | November 6, 2012 |
| Sergei Shoigu | November 6, 2012 | May 12, 2024 |
| Andrey Belousov | May 14, 2024 | incumbent |
# Great Floridians

Great Floridian is a title bestowed on citizens of Florida by the Florida Department of State. There were actually two formal programs. The Great Floridian 2000 program honored deceased individuals who made "significant contributions in the history and culture" of Florida (many times within a local community), the new program is more restrictive by selecting persons, dead or alive, who made "major contributions to the progress and welfare" of Florida.

## Great Floridians 2000

The Florida Department of State and the Florida League of Cities created the program in 1998, and it ran to 2000. The process bestowed commemorative blue plaques in Florida to honor deceased individuals who significantly contributed to Florida, similar to blue plaques found in the United Kingdom. A total of 385 persons were so honored. The historians on the Great Floridians 2000 Committee approved or rejected applications, which included a section for specifying an appropriate historical property on which the marker would be mounted.

## Great Floridians Program

In 2007, the legislature resurrected, revised, and formalized the program. It has been codified in the Florida Statutes:
   267.0731 Great Floridians Program.--The division (Florida Department of State) shall establish and administer a program, to be entitled the Great Floridians Program, which shall be designed to recognize and record the achievements of Floridians, living and deceased, who have made major contributions to the progress and welfare of this state.
Under the Statute, each year at least two people who have had an outstanding impact on Florida are nominated by an ad hoc committee of representatives of the Governor, each member of the Florida Cabinet, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the Director of the Division of Historical Resources. Subsequently, the Secretary of State chooses among them.
Ten persons named in the new program were previously included in the Great Floridian 2000 program: Mary McLeod Bethune, Lawton M. Chiles, Henry Morrison Flagler, John Gorrie, Ben Hill Griffin, Jr., Spessard Holland, Zora Neale Hurston, May Mann Jennings, Dick Pope, Sr. and James Van Fleet.
As of 2013, 89 people had been honored.

### Scott actions

On April 12, 2013, Governor Rick Scott presented Tim Tebow with the award at TPC at Sawgrass, just prior to Tebow's charity gala and golf tournament, attended by numerous celebrities and sports figures. Wayne Huizenga was similarly honored but with less fanfare. Less than two weeks later, 21 additional persons were named in a press release on the governor's webpage. Contrary to F.S. 267.0731, "Scott single-handedly chose most of the latest group," according to Tampa Bay Times.
# Matrak

Matrak is an Ottoman combat sport based on sword and shield fighting, Invented by the Ottoman Bosnian statesman, historian and scientist Nasuh Matrakčija Visočak (full name in Turkish: Nasuh bin Karagöz bin Abdullah el-Bosnavî) in the 16th century. It is played with wooden sticks covered with leather simulating a sword, and a wooden leather covered shield. The top of the sticks are rounded and slightly wider than the body resembling bowling pins. The game is a kind of combat simulation, and is played on a lawn. It was used by Ottoman soldiers as practice for melee combat.
In the television series Muhteşem Yüzyıl, it is shown as a combat-game.