OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deposition (phase transition)

Deposition is the phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase. Deposition is a thermodynamic process. The reverse of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation.

## Applications
### Examples

One example of deposition is the process by which, in sub-freezing air, water vapour changes directly to ice without first becoming a liquid. This is how frost and hoar frost form on the ground or other surfaces, including leaves. For deposition to occur, thermal energy must be removed from a gas. When the air becomes cold enough, water vapour in the air surrounding a leaf loses enough thermal energy to change into a solid. Even though the air temperature may be below the dew point, the water vapour in the air alone may not condense spontaneously. This supercooled water vapour, when around a leaf, immediately begins to condense. Since it is already past the freezing point, the water vapour changes directly into solid frost.
Soot accumulates as an aerosol deposition. In a fireplace, soot is deposited on the walls of the chimney. Soot particles are aerosolized within volatile organic compounds. These VOCs are in a hot and gaseous state, rising from the fire. When the VOCs come into contact with the walls, they cool, and change to the solid state, without formation of the liquid state. The soot particles also cling to the walls upon contact. This process is made use of industrially in combustion chemical vapour deposition.

### Industrial applications

There is an industrial coating process, known as evaporative deposition, whereby a solid material is heated to the gaseous state in a low-pressure chamber, the gas molecules travel across the chamber space and then deposit to the solid state on a target surface, forming a smooth and thin layer on the target surface. Again, the molecules do not go through an intermediate liquid state when going from the gas to the solid. See also physical vapor deposition, which is a class of processes used to deposit thin films of various materials onto various surfaces.
Deposition releases energy and is an exothermic phase change.

## Table

Phase transitions of matter (vte) :
| ToFrom | Solid | Liquid | Gas | Plasma |
| Solid | | Melting | Sublimation | |
| Liquid | Freezing | | Vaporization | |
| Gas | Deposition | Condensation | | Ionization |
| Plasma | | | Recombination | |
# Alonzo Elliot

Alonzo "Zo" Elliot (May 25, 1891 – June 25, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter.

## Early life

Born in Manchester, New Hampshire, Elliot was educated at St. Paul’s School in Concord, New Hampshire, Phillips Academy (Andover, Massachusetts), Yale University, Cambridge University, and Columbia Law School. He also studied music privately with Nadia Boulanger and Leonard Bernstein, among others.

## "There's a Long, Long Trail"

His best-known composition is "There's a Long Long Trail A-Winding", a popular song from the era of World War I. Elliott wrote the music, and Stoddard King, Elliot's chief song collaborator, wrote the lyrics, when they were seniors at Yale. The song was published in London in 1914 (no U.S. publisher would gamble on it), but a December 1913 copyright for the music is claimed by Zo Elliot.
   In Elliot's own words told to me shortly before his death in 1964, he created the music as an idle pursuit one day in his dorm room at Yale in 1913. King walked in, liked the music and suggested a first line. Elliot sang out the second, and so they went through the lyrics. And they performed it—with trepidation—before the fraternity that evening. The interview was published as an article in the New Haven Register and later reprinted in Yankee Magazine. It then appeared on page 103 of "The Best of Yankee Magazine" ISBN 0-89909-079-6 In the interview he recalled the day and the odd circumstances that led to the creation of this historic song. I'm so pleased to have caught the details for history. — Marc Drogin

## Other works

Elliot composed the well-known march “British Eighth”. It was written in tribute to General Bernard Montgomery and the Eighth Army and was copyrighted in 1943 for publishing in 1944.
He also composed as an opera entitled Top Sergeant. In addition, he wrote an article on the background of the American Civil War song "John Brown's Body" (“John Brown’s body lies a-mouldering in his grave,” sung to a melody later to become more famous as the melody to “The Battle Hymn of the Republic"); the article purported to show that the John Brown of the song was a soldier in Boston, not the famous abolitionist of the same name.
Elliot died age 73 at the Gaylord Farm Hospital in Wallingford, Connecticut on June 25, 1964.
# Thalgau

Thalgau is a market town in the district of Salzburg-Umgebung in the state of Salzburg in Austria.

## Geography

Thalgau lies 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of the city of Salzburg. It is a central spot in the eastern Flachgau.

## Economy

A Sony CD-manufacturing plant operates in Thalgau since 1987. In 2016, Lechner Racing opened its new headquarters in Thalgau. Red Bull operates a Red Bull Athlete Performance Center in Thalgau.
# Jake Tonges

Jake Tonges (born July 8, 1999) is an American professional football tight end for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at California.

## College career

Tonges was a member of the California Golden Bears for five seasons, redshirting his true freshman year. As a redshirt senior, he caught 22 passes for 278 yards and two touchdowns. Tonges finished his collegiate career with 47 receptions for 620 yards and four touchdowns.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 4+3⁄8 in (1.94 m) | 240 lb (109 kg) | 32+3⁄4 in (0.83 m) | 10 in (0.25 m) | 4.77 s | 1.62 s | 2.72 s | 4.45 s | 7.09 s | 35.5 in (0.90 m) | 10 ft 0 in (3.05 m) | 17 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||||

### Chicago Bears

Tonges signed with the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent on April 30, 2022. He made the Bears' initial 53-man roster out of training camp. He was waived on November 10, 2022, and re-signed to the practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 9, 2023. He was waived on August 8, 2023, and placed on injured reserve. He was released on August 17.

### San Francisco 49ers

On September 27, 2023, Tonges signed with the San Francisco 49ers practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on February 13, 2024.
# George Paine (civil servant)

George Paine CB DFC (14 April 1918 – 2 March 1992) (known as "Toby") was a statistician in the British Civil Service. He rose to become Director of Statistics and Intelligence at the Inland Revenue, Registrar General of England and Wales, and Director of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys from November 1972.
He was born in Kent and was schooled at home, Ovingdean Hall School and Bradfield College before attending Peterhouse, Cambridge.
He navigated in De Havilland Mosquitos during World War II and earned a DFC. He took early retirement in 1978. to farm in Wiltshire.

## Honours and awards

* 19 September 1944 – Flying Office Robert Lyle James Barbour (125456), RAFVR, 264 Sqn. Flying Officer George Paine (129167), RAFVR, 264 Sqn. Have been awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) – These officers have completed very many sorties as pilot and observer respectively. They have displayed great skill and co-operation and have destroyed 3 enemy aircraft at night. Their keenness and devotion to duty have been most commendable.
* 15 June 1974 – George Paine, DFC, Director of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and Registrar General of England and Wales is appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath
# Filippo Palazzino

Filippo Palazzino (born 30 September 2003) is an Italian footballer player who plays as a forward for Serie C Group C club Picerno on loan from Ascoli.

## Club career

Palazzino made his Serie B debut for Ascoli on 14 January 2022 in a game against Ternana.
On 14 July 2023, he joined Monterosi on loan. On 5 August 2024, Palazzino moved on loan to Legnago.
# Pyrazoline

Pyrazoline is a heterocyclic chemical compound with the molecular formula C$_3$H$_6$N$_2$. Pyrazoline and its derivatives are intermediates in the synthesis of more complex chemical compounds.
# Richard Bauman

Richard Bauman is a folklorist and anthropologist, now retired from Indiana University Bloomington. He is Distinguished Professor emeritus of Folklore, of Anthropology, and of Communication and Culture. Before coming to IU in 1985, he was the Director of the Center for Intercultural Studies in Folklore and Ethnomusicology (now known as the Américo Paredes Center for Cultural Studies) at the University of Texas and a faculty member in the UT Department of Anthropology. Just before retiring from Indiana, he was chair of the IU Department of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, as well as an important member of the Department of Anthropology and the Department of Communication and Culture.
Bauman earned a B.A. with honors and distinction in English from the University of Michigan. He then earned an M.A. in folklore in 1962 at Indiana University, working closely with W. Edson Richmond and MacEdward Leach, a University of Pennsylvania folklorist then visiting Indiana University. He next went to the Penn, where he received both the M.S. in Anthropology and the Ph.D. in American Civilization in 1968. At Penn he studied with the folklorist and linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes, Anthony F. C. Wallace, a prominent historical and psychological anthropologist, and the historian Lee Benson.
He has been influential in a number of different fields, from performance studies, linguistic anthropology, and Quaker studies to semiotics, the history of anthropology and folkloristics. He wrote Let Your Words Be Few, one of the earliest works on language ideology. This book inspired other scholars to begin exploring how people's ideas about how language functions shapes their linguistic practices. More recently, he has co-written a book with Charles L. Briggs Voices of Modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality. In this book, Bauman and Briggs explore the language ideologies present in the work of Locke and Herder, among others, asking what assumptions about language shaped some of the most important philosophical work of the Enlightenment. Bauman and Briggs won the Edward Sapir Prize for this book from the Society for Linguistic Anthropology in November 2006.
Bauman has been a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Folklore Fellow of the Finnish Academy of Sciences, and twice holder of National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships. He is a Fellow of the American Folklore Society and in 2008 he was awarded the AFS Lifetime Scholarly Achievement Award. In 2016 he was awarded the Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology.
In addition to Charles L. Briggs, his numerous scholarly collaborators include Roger D. Abrahams, Joel Sherzer, Américo Paredes, and his wife, the folklorist and anthropologist Beverly J. Stoeltje.
# Soviet War Memorial (Vienna)

The Soviet War Memorial in Vienna, Austria, more formally known as the Heroes' Monument of the Red Army (German: Heldendenkmal der Roten Armee), is located at Vienna's Schwarzenbergplatz. The semi-circular white marble colonnade partially enclosing a twelve-metre figure of a Soviet soldier was unveiled in 1945. The Heroes' Monument of the Red Army of the Soviet Union in Vienna was built to commemorate the 17,000 Red Army soldiers killed in action during the Vienna offensive in World War II.

## Background

Near the end of World War II in Europe, Soviet forces of the 3rd Ukrainian Front were ordered by Joseph Stalin to capture Vienna, both for strategic military purposes and for use as a post-war bargaining chip with the Allies. After intense urban fighting, Vienna was captured by the Soviet Forces on 14 April 1945.

## Construction and Austrian perception

The creation of an Allied Commission for Austria was envisaged by Allied leaders at the various sessions of the European Advisory Commission and established by the Agreement on Control Machinery in Austria in London on July 4, 1945. The agreement mandated the creation of four occupation zones (American, British, French and Soviet) in Vienna, similar to Berlin. Perhaps not coincidentally, although several sites were considered for the Soviet memorial, ultimately a prominent location in the 3rd district near the Palais Schwarzenberg was chosen, imposingly within sight of the location used by the four allies to govern Vienna. German prisoners of war and Austrian construction workers were used to build the 3,000-square-foot (280 m$^2$) site.
The memorial includes a triumphal arch and is dominated by the figure of a soldier with a PPSh-41 submachine gun on his chest. The soldier wears a golden helmet and holds a Soviet flag and a golden emblem of the Soviet Union.
Russian President Vladimir Putin visited the memorial in 2007 to lay flowers and specifically give thanks to Austria for maintaining it. The city paid to refurbish the memorial, despite objections from some members of the local press.

## Vandalism

The monument has been increasingly subjected to acts of politically inspired vandalism in the 21st century.
* In April 2012 red paint was thrown over a part of the memorial.
* In May 2014 it was daubed with the colours of the Ukrainian flag during the onset of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
* In February 2015 black paint was poured over an order on the monument from Joseph Stalin congratulating Soviet Forces on their victory in the Vienna Offensive in 1945.

## Stone tablet text

The text of the stone tablet in front of the monument begins:
   Monument to the soldiers of the Soviet Army, who have fallen for the liberation of Austria from fascism....
# AG Neovo

Associated Industries China, Inc. (Chinese: 偉聯科技股份有限公司; pinyin: wěi lián gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī, TWSE: 9912), known as AG Neovo, is a Taiwan-based multinational computer hardware and electronics company, headquartered in Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan. Its main products include computer monitors, digital signage, commercial display, large format display, surveillance display, and healthcare displays. The company was established on May 18, 1978. In 1999, it transitioned its business direction to the development of electronic technology. In October of the same year, the company launched its owned brand - AG Neovo, with branch offices for Europe, Asia, and North America. Its digital photo frames and desktop computer monitors were once awarded by IF Product Design Award and Taiwan Excellence Awards.

## Brand Name

AG Neovo. AG is an abbreviation of Aktiengesellschaft, which is a German term for a public limited company. Neovo is said to be a portmanteau of two Greek words, Neo and Vo.

## History

Associated Industries China, Inc. was founded in 1978 in Taipei, Taiwan, producing steel intermodal containers as the revenue source. In 1992, it was first listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under the ticker code 9912. In October 1999, it launched its own brand name AG Neovo.
In 2000, the company's business direction changed to the hi-tech industry. At the beginning, the business covered both Liquid-crystal display OEM and AG Neovo owned-branded product sales and marketing. In 2003, it withdrew from the OEM business, focusing on brand owned business. The product line includes computer monitors, commercial-grade displays for Closed-circuit television, digital photo frames, video wall, and digital signage display products.
In 2014, it set up the healthcare business unit. This product line includes dental handpieces and portable dental units. In 2017, it set up the Solutions business unit. This product lines includes cloud-based digital signage, Interactive Whiteboard and display management software.

## Products

* Monitor and Hardware Displays: Desktop monitors, security monitors, clinic monitors, transportation monitors.
* Digital Signage Displays: Large format commercial displays, video wall displays.
* Touchscreens: Industrial multi-touch displays, interactive flat panel displays, Smart Boards.
* Hardware and Software: Digital signage cloud-based content management system, PID command and control software, interactive meeting software.
* Accessories: Monitor mounts, stand mounts, on-desk mounts, display open frame, video signal extension.
* Dentist Equipment: High speed and low speed handsets, portable dental units.
# Ahmed Mandour

Ahmed Mandour (born 6 April 1978) is an Egyptian former field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# The Cheat (1923 film)

The Cheat is a 1923 American silent drama film produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures, and is a remake of Cecil B. DeMille's 1915 film of the same name using the same script by Hector Turnbull and Jeanie MacPherson. This version stars Pola Negri and was directed by George Fitzmaurice.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Carmelita De Cordoba a beautiful young South American woman who has been betrothed by her stern father to Don Pablo, whom she despises, meets and falls in love with Dudley Drake, a New York City broker, while in Paris. Claude Mace, an art swindler masquerading as East Indian Prince Rao-Singh, hopes to marry her for her wealth. Carmelita elopes with Dudley and is disinherited. The Prince, after lending her some money, induces her to dine alone with him. Meanwhile Dudley makes a fortune. Carmelita and the Prince quarrel and she shoots him. Dudley, arriving on the scene, takes responsibility for the crime. He is convicted. Carmelita goes to the court and confesses, showing a brand on her shoulder that is the Prince's work. The verdict is set aside and all is rosy.

## Cast

* Pola Negri as Carmelita De Cordoba
* Jack Holt as Dudley Drake
* Charles de Rochefort as Claude Mace a/k/a Prince Rao-Singh (credited as Charles De Roche)
* Dorothy Cumming as Lucy Hodge
* Robert Schable as Jack Hodge
* Charles A. Stevenson as Horace Drake
* Helen Dunbar as Duenna
* Richard Wayne as Defense Attorney
* Guy Oliver as District Attorney
* Edward Kimball as Judge
* Charles Farrell as Bit part (uncredited)

## Preservation status

With no prints of The Cheat located in any film archives, it is a lost film. However, this particular film was adapted into a novel in the same year of 1923, written by Paramount Pictures employee Russell Holman. That novel does still survive and could be used to extrapolate the film's plot in its absence.
# Mosque of Ala Vardi Khan

The Mosque of Ala Vardi Khan is a mosque, located near Gurgaon, in the state of Haryana, India. The mosque is a Monument of National Importance.

## Overview

The mosque was built by Nawab Alivardi Khan in 18th century, along with a sarai. Such combinations of mosques and sarais were common in the area and built every 18 kilometres (11 mi) on the journey from Delhi to Ajmer. The mosque is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the Old Tehsil Office, in Gurgaon.
# Vuyisile

Vuyisile is a given name, derived from the Nguni word vuya, meaning "be happy". Notable people with the given name include:
* Vuyisile Colossa (born 1982), South African boxer
* Vuyisile Malomane, South African politician
* Thembeka Vuyisile Buyisile Mchunu (born 1968), South African politician
* Vuyisile Mini (born 1920 – 1964), South African trade unionist
* Vuyisile Wana (born 1987), South African soccer player
# Amy Grant (politician)

Amy Grant is an American politician, currently serving as the Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 47th district. The district, located in DuPage County, includes all or parts of Carol Stream, Lisle, Warrenville, Wheaton, Winfield, West Chicago, and Naperville.
Grant, of Wheaton, was a member of the DuPage County Board at the time of her election to the Illinois House of Representatives. Prior to moving to Illinois, Grant was a teacher in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
As of July 3, 2022, Representative Grant was a member of the following Illinois House committees:
* Adoption & Child Welfare Committee (HACW)
* Citizen Impact Subcommittee (HMAC-CITI)
* Human Services Committee (HHSV)
* Judiciary - Criminal Committee (HJUC)
* Mental Health & Addiction Committee (HMEH)
* Museums, Arts, & Cultural Enhancement Committee (HMAC)
* Special Issues (HS) Subcommittee (HHSV-SPIS)

## Controversy

Amy Grant was recorded making remarks some fellow legislators called racist and homophobic, according to the Chicago Sun-Times and other newspapers. She was quoted referring to her opponent Ken Mejia-Beal, who is Black and openly gay, saying "That's all we need is another person on the Black Caucus" in one clip and "Not because he’s Black, but because of the way he talks — he’s all LGBTQ" in another.

## Electoral history

Illinois 42nd State House District Republican Primary, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Amy L. Grant | 7,593 | 66.26 |
| | Republican | Burt Minor | 2,567 | 22.41 |
| | Republican | Ryan Edward Byrne | 1,299 | 11.34 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 11,459 | 100.0 |
Illinois 42nd State House District General Election, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Amy L. Grant | 26,381 | 52.24 |
| | Democratic | Kathleen V. Carrier | 24,122 | 47.76 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 50,503 | 100.0 |
# Charlotte Landau

Charlotte Landau (Hebrew: שרלוטה לנדאו-מיזאם; September 20, 1881 - 1972) was a German women's rights activist and a member of the Lübeck city council prior to her emigration to Haifa in 1933.

## Biography

Charlotte was the daughter of Siegfried Mühsam, a pharmacist and member of the Lübeck city council. She had two brothers, Hans and Erich Mühsam.
In 1903, she met lawyer Leo Landau, whom she married in December 1908. They had three children: Gustav (1909–2004), a civil engineer; Hans Theodor (1912–2005), a classical philologist and archaeologist; and Eva (1914–2009), a teacher who married Joel.
Shortly after its establishment, Landau joined the German Democratic Party and served as a member of the Lübeck city council from 1919 to 1921. She was one of the first female representatives and the only Jewish member of the council during that election period. She remained a member of the health department committee until 1933.
As an active member of the League of Jewish Women in Germany (Jüdischer Frauenbund, JFB), she was instrumental in establishing one of the association's homes in Wyk auf Föhr.
Following March 1933 German federal election, Charlotte's family found the political situation increasingly intolerable. Charlotte began preparations for her emigration, including paying the Reich Flight Tax. From April 4 to 17, 1933, Charlotte, her husband, their children Hans and Eva, and Leo Landau's mother traveled to Haifa. They were active Zionists.
Landau wrote 1 book named "Meine Erinnerungen".