OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Viestards

Viestards (also Viesthard, Vesthardus, Viesturs; died 1230) was one of the greatest Semigallian dukes in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester (Old High German: konic Vesters).

## Life

His capital was Tērvete hillfort. During the first decades of the 13th century he was allied with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword against Lithuanians, who looted Semigallia on several occasions.
In 1205, joint forces of semigallians and crusaders defeated Lithuanians and killed duke Žvelgaitis. In 1208 Viestards led a united Semigallian and crusader army into Lithuania but was heavily defeated.
In 1219 Viestards came into conflict with German bishop Albert when German crusaders placed their garrison in Semigallian castle of Mežotne. Viestards unsuccessfully attacked Mežotne but managed to defeat the reinforcement of crusaders coming on Lielupe river after that crusaders left Mežotne. Viestards became an enemy of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and made an alliance with his neighbors, the Samogitians. Together they fought against the crusaders.
In 1225 Viestards allowed William of Modena to preach in Semigallia however he refused to accept Christianity. In 1228 Semigallian forces under Viestards joined the Curonians in their attack against main crusader stronghold- Riga. However they were unsuccessful in storming the city. In 1229 Viestards led semigallian revenge raid in crusader lands around Aizkraukle where he had a duel with komtur of Aizkraukle Marquart von Burbach.
Viestards died in 1230, but the Semigallians still were not conquered until the end of the 13th century. Viestards never accepted Christianity and accepted only one monk in Semigallia as a preacher.
Although in Rhymed Chronicle Viestards is referred as king of Semigallia today it is believed that he reigned only in western part of Semigallia with a centre in Tērvete. Eastern part of Semigallia with a centre in Mežotne hillfort most likely was not under Viestards rule until 1219. After Viestards death in 1230 area around Mežotne fell in the hands of German crusaders.

## Legacy

The Order of Viesturs (Vesthardus Rex) was founded in 1938 to commemorate the spirit of independence of the people of ancient Latvia.
# Chief cell

Chief cell may refer to:
* Gastric chief cell, a type of stomach cell
* Parathyroid chief cell, the main cell type of the parathyroid gland
* Type I chief cells of the carotid bodies
# British Brooks

British Brooks (born November 18, 1999) is an American professional fullback for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

## Early life

Brooks attended Ashbrook High School in Gastonia, North Carolina, and decided to walk-on to play college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

## College career

In his first three seasons from 2018 to 2020, Brooks rushed just 34 times for 164 yards. In the 2021 season finale, he rushed for a career-high 124 yards on 15 carries against NC State. In the 2021 Duke's Mayo Bowl, Brooks rushed five times for 72 yards and a touchdown in a loss to rival South Carolina. He finished the 2021 season as his best, rushing for 295 yards and four touchdowns on 31 carries. Brooks missed the entire 2022 season due to a knee injury. In his return from injury in the 2023 season opener, he totaled 103 yards on 15 carries and hauled in three passes for 18 yards in a win over rival South Carolina. Brooks finished his final collegiate season in 2023 rushing 75 times for 387 yards and two touchdowns, while also hauling in 14 receptions for 73 yards.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 5 ft 10+1⁄8 in (1.78 m) | 219 lb (99 kg) | 29+5⁄8 in (0.75 m) | 9+1⁄8 in (0.23 m) | 4.59 s | 1.57 s | 2.59 s | 4.43 s | 7.09 s | 37.0 in (0.94 m) | 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m) | 27 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||||

### 2024

After not being selected in the 2024 NFL draft, Brooks signed with the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent. After impressing the team in training camp and the preseason, he made the Texans' initial 53 man roster.
Brooks played in five games for the Texans as a rookie before he was placed on injury reserve for the remainder of his rookie season. He had one rushing attempt for two yards, one tackle on special teams, and played nine offensive snaps and 79 special teams snaps.
# Yuri Andreyevich Smirnov

Yuri Andreyevich Smirnov (Russian: Юрий Андреевич Смирнов, usually initialized as Ю.А. Смирнов, 12 March 1923 – 17 February 1984) was a Soviet linguist.
Smirnov was born in Vladikavkaz in March 1923, and, after finishing college, he joined the army. After the Second World War he left the army and was admitted to the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences in linguistics, where he was primarily interested in the Punjabi language, on which he later wrote his doctoral thesis. After getting his Ph.D., Smirnov visited India in 1985 as a linguist, where he continued to study languages. His interest in the Saraiki language led him to learn some of it from immigrants from the region where it is spoken. In 1986 he presented a report of his research in Patiala University, which published the report. The head of the Punjabi department, Sirbinder Singh, declared Smirnov's research on compound sentences in Punjabi to be extraordinary, and praised it as an important addition to the field of Punjabi grammar, etymology, and syntax.
In 1970, Smirnov published The Lahndi Language, a book about Lahndi, which in 1975 was translated into English and published in Moscow. This book has been criticised as an "uneasy amalgamation" of previous work by Grierson and Bahri, and the language described in it has been characterised as "an unreal composite of Multani and Awankari."
In 1978, Smirnov was awarded a doctorate of literature. His thesis paper was called “Theoretical Discoveries in Punjabi Language”. In addition to this work, Smirnov worked on the theoretical and linguistic problems in the Indo-Aryan languages. Smirnov is considered to be a specialist in Saraiki, Dogri, Punjabi, and Rajasthani languages.
Smirnov died in February 1984 at the age of 60.

## Works

* Smirnov U.A., The Composite Sentence (Compound and Complex Sentences), Main Problems, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 1966.
* Smirnov U.A., Язык ленди, Moscow, 1970 (in Russian).
* Smirnow U.A., Discovery of One More Tone in Punjabi and of Pharyngealization of the Known Falling Tone, – «Parkh», vol. XI. Panjab University, Chandigarh (India), 1973.
* Smirnov U.A., The Lahndi Language, Moscow, 1975.
* Smirnov U.A., Basic Grammatical Features of the Dogri Language, – «Nations of Asia and Africa», No. 2, 1975 (in Russian).
* Smirnov U.A., Punjabi Grammar, Moscow, 1976 (in Russian).
# Vanadium ditelluride

Vanadium ditelluride is an inorganic compound with the formula VTe$_2$. It is a water-insoluble, gray-black solid. VTe2 has no applications but closely related layered dichalcogenides are subject of much research. VTe$_2$ is the best studied vanadium telluride.
Vanadium ditelluride can be prepared by the reaction of the elements at 1000 °C. The reaction can also be conducted in molten salt. According to X-ray crystallography, it has a layered structure of the cadmium hydroxide packing motif.
A vanadium monotelluride (VTe) is also known (registry number 29888-22-0). It is a nonstoichiometric compound (as is the ditelluride), which crystallizes in the NiAs motif.
# Bris Lord

Bristol Robotham Lord (September 21, 1883 – November 13, 1964) was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1905 to 1913 for the Philadelphia Athletics, Cleveland Naps, and Boston Braves. Lord is best known for a 1910 trade between Philadelphia and Cleveland in which he was exchanged for Morrie Rath and Shoeless Joe Jackson, who became one of the best hitters in baseball history.

## Career

Lord made his major league debut in 1905 with the Athletics, appearing in 66 games that season. He became known as "The Human Eyeball" because he was said to have great eyesight. However, in his first three seasons, Lord hit .239, .233, and .182. Because of this lack of progress, Athletics owner/manager Connie Mack sent Lord to the New Orleans minor league team for the 1908 season. After Lord hit .314 for New Orleans, the Cleveland Naps purchased his contract in 1909, and Lord hit .269 in 69 games for Cleveland that year.
Lord was traded from Cleveland back to the Philadelphia Athletics in July 1910 in exchange for infielder Morrie Rath and a player to be named later. Shoeless Joe Jackson had frustrated Athletics owner/manager Mack by not taking baseball seriously, so Mack sent Jackson to Cleveland as the player to be named later. Jackson had a .408 batting average in 1911, and he finished his career with the third-highest batting average of all time.
In 1911, Lord played in a career-high 134 games and had a .310 batting average. He finished 14th that year in the league's Most Valuable Player voting. He won the World Series with Philadelphia in 1910 and 1911, but he hit .182 and .185, respectively, in those World Series.
Lord spent one more season with Philadelphia, playing in 97 games in 1912. He concluded his major league career the next season, playing in 73 games with the Boston Braves. In 742 games over eight seasons, Lord posted a .256 batting average (707-for-2767) with 380 runs, 119 doubles, 49 triples, 13 home runs, 236 runs batted in, 74 stolen bases and 175 bases on balls. He finished his career with a .957 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. In three World Series (1905, 1910, and 1911) covering 16 games, Lord hit .159 (11-for-69) with 5 runs and 4 runs batted in.

## Later life

After his playing career, Lord managed several minor league teams as well as an amateur club in Upland, Pennsylvania. He owned a car dealership and a pool hall in Chester, Pennsylvania, then worked at the Delaware County juvenile home in Upland before retiring in the mid-1950s. He had been a member of the Upland Fire Department and the Upland Baptist Church.
Lord died in Prince Frederick, Maryland on November 13, 1964. He was buried at Lawn Croft Cemetery in Linwood, Pennsylvania.
# Michael Tauson

Michael Tauson (born 25 June 1966 in Copenhagen) is a Danish former tennis player from Denmark, who represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. There he was defeated in the first round by the number five seed from the United States, Brad Gilbert. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 5 March 1990, when he became the number 101 of the world. Michael Tauson is nowadays among other things, working as Tennis commentator for Danish television; TV2 and TV2 Sport.

## Personal life

His niece Clara Tauson is also a professional tennis player.

## Challenger titles
### Singles: (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| 1. | Feb 1989 | Telford, Great Britain | Carpet | Peter Nyborg | 6–4, 6–3 |
| 2. | Feb 1989 | Croydon, Great Britain | Carpet | Chris Bailey | 6–4, 7–6 |

### Doubles: (1)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | Jul 1988 | Hanko, Finland | Clay | Morten Christensen | Joakim Berner Tomas Nydahl | 6–2, 6–1 |
# Aurelijus Veryga

Aurelijus Veryga (born 8 August 1976) is a Lithuanian politician who served as Minister of Health in the Skvernelis Cabinet led by Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis from 13 December 2016 to 11 December 2020.
In addition to his political work, Veryga serves on the Advisory Council on Innovation for Noncommunicable Diseases at the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe, chaired by Hans Kluge.
# Seebach (Usa)

Seebach (German pronunciation:) is a river of Hesse, Germany. It flows into the Usa near Friedberg.
# Barry Stern (art dealer)

Barry Samuel Stern (27 September 1932 – 1 July 2024) was an Australian-born connoisseur, philanthropist and art dealer who had an early career as a theatre and art critic. He was active in the Sydney art market, before his death in retirement in Bangkok on 1 July 2024, at the age of 91.

## Early life

Stern was born in Sydney, the second son of British-born Aleck Stern and Tasmanian-born Dot (née Levy). His father owned an army disposal store in George Street, Sydney. Stern grew up in the suburb of South Coogee and attended local public schools. He started at Sydney Boys High School in his early senior years. In 1948 he commenced as a boarding student at Newington College.

## Gallerist

Stern first started a gallery in 1958. In April 1959 he opened premises at 217A George Street, Sydney, and named the gallery the Museum of Modern Art. It moved to Kings Cross later that year and then in 1961 to Paddington where it was renamed the Barry Stern Galleries. The new gallery was opened by the actress Vivien Leigh while she was touring Australia. The gallery then moved across the road into three 1840s houses that had nine different exhibition spaces. Stern saw himself as a bridge between the artist and the buying public, representing the unfashionable artists of the time. In 1962 an oil on masonite board portrait of Stern by Judy Cassab was hung in the Archibald Prize exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. In addition to the Glenmore Road gallery which held stock, Stern also had two galleries for exhibitions only, one in Mary Place, Paddington, and the other in Gordon and later Pymble. From the 1970s until the 1990s he often opened his galleries and his historic five acre garden Kewita at Somersby, New South Wales to aid the National Trust, Eryldene Trust and the Black and White Committee, who raised funds for the Royal Blind Society of New South Wales. Stern retired in 1992 to live in Morocco and then Bangkok. The early records of the Barry Stern Galleries, including correspondence, framing invoices, financial records, exhibition catalogues, press clippings, photographs, and original drawings are held by the National Library of Australia. The former Barry Stern Galleries in Glenmore Road, Paddington, is now owned by Dominic Maunsell and Graham Wickes and operates as the Maunsell Wickes Gallery.

## Oral history

The National Library of Australia hold the 1986 recordings of interviews of Stern by Barbara Blackman, the former wife of artist Charles Blackman. In these oral histories he speaks about his Jewish family background, his childhood in Sydney, anti-semitism, World War II, working as a theatre and art critic, founding the Barry Stern Galleries, his involvement in the Poetry Society of New South Wales, the art scene in Sydney in 1960s, his work as a gallery owner and art dealer, numerous Australian painters, his private collection, art framing, and other Australian art collectors. The NLA hold another set of interviews undertaken by Ross Steele in 2009.
# Britt Reames

Britt William Reames (born August 19, 1973) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched parts of six seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), between 2000 and 2006, for the St. Louis Cardinals, Montreal Expos, Oakland Athletics, and Pittsburgh Pirates.

## Amateur career

Reames attended Seneca Senior High School in Seneca, South Carolina. He was selected out of high school 46th round of the 1992 Major League Baseball draft by the Texas Rangers, but opted to play college baseball for the Citadel Bulldogs. In 1994, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. He was selected 17th round of the 1995 Major League Baseball draft by the St. Louis Cardinals.

## Professional career

A promising minor league prospect early on, Reames had an impressive 1996 season with the Single–A Peoria Chiefs, Reames was named St. Louis Cardinals Minor League Pitcher of the Year when finished with 15 wins and a 1.90 ERA. However, he sat out the 1997 and 1998 seasons while he recovered from Tommy John surgery.
After recovering, Reames made his debut in the major leagues for the Cardinals in 2000. In that year he started seven games, managed a 2.88 ERA, and contributed to his team's World Series contention, giving up one run in 9+2⁄3 playoff innings.
Over the next several years, he pitched for the Oakland Athletics, the Montreal Expos, and the Pittsburgh Pirates, always switching between the majors and the minors. On August 11, 2006 he was called up by the Pirates when Josh Sharpless went on the disabled list. On August 28, he was designated for assignment. He has not pitched professionally since 2006.

## Coaching career

Reames spent three years as the pitching coach at Furman from 2008 through 2010 before taking the same position at his alma mater prior to the 2011 season. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame at The Citadel in November 2008.
On August 4, 2023, Reames was announced as the head coach at Oceanside Collegiate Academy in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.
# Eddie Hubble

John Edgar Hubble II (April 6, 1928 – March 22, 2016) was an American jazz trombonist.
Hubble was born in Santa Barbara, California, and learned trombone from his father, who was also a professional trombonist in the Los Angeles area. Hubble moved to New York City in 1944, and by the late 1940s had played with Bob Wilber, Buddy Rich, Doc Evans, Alvino Rey, and Eddie Condon. He played with his own ensemble from the late 1940s, recording for Savoy Records in 1952. He played with a Dixieland jazz ensemble known as The Six in 1953, and worked with Muggsy Spanier in the 1960s, playing in Ohio and Connecticut. He also worked with the World's Greatest Jazz Band. Despite being seriously injured in a car crash in 1979, he was soon back playing, including for international tours. Hubble died on March 22, 2016, at the age of 91.
# Cava, Orkney

Cava is an uninhabited island in the Orkney archipelago in Scotland. It is 107 hectares (0.41 sq mi) in extent and rises to 38 metres (125 ft) above sea level. The literal meaning of the name is calf island, a terminology often used to designate a small island near to a larger one. Cava is unusual in that it includes a small peninsula joined to the main body of the island by a narrow isthmus, which is in turn called Calf of Cava.
It is situated in the Scapa Flow just offshore from the much larger island of Hoy. Nearby are the islets of Rysa Little and Fara and the skerry Barrel of Butter. To the south of Cava, between Fara and Rysa Little lies Gutter Sound, the scene of the mass-scuttling of the interned German Imperial High Seas Fleet in 1919. The island’s name is used as a house name at Stromness Primary School, the other houses being Switha, Rysa, and Fara.
In the eighteenth century a notorious Orkney pirate, John Gow, raided Hall of Clestrain, in Orphir and abducted two servant girls. Reports vary as to their treatment, with one claiming that they were put ashore on Cava "so loaded with presents that they soon afterwards got husbands." Gow's ship Revenge then ran ashore on the Calf of Eday, leading to his capture.
However, in common with a number of the smaller South Isles of Orkney, Cava lost its resident population during the course of the twentieth century. By the 1980s there were just two residents. There is no longer a habitable building on the island. There are no good anchorages in the vicinity.

## In media

In the webcomic Crossed: Wish You Were Here, Cava is a refuge for survivors of an apocalyptic event.
# Edith M. Stern

Edith Mendel Stern (24 June 1901 – 8 February 1975) was a novelist, book editor, journalist, critic, and writer of books and booklets written as guides on how to cope with problems related to aging, mental illness, and disabled children.

## Biography

Born to a Jewish family in New York City, Edith Mendel earned a B.A. from Barnard College in 1922. She was on the editorial staff of Alfred A. Knopf and subsequently on the editorial staffs of several other publishing houses, including Boni & Liveright. She married William A. Stern II, a Justice Department lawyer. After publishing four novels from 1927 to 1935, she wrote books on mental health aimed at a popular audience.

## Works
### Novels

* Purse Strings. NY: Boni & Liveright. 1927.
* Scarlet Heels. NY: H. Liveright. 1928.
* Men Are Clumsy Lovers. NY: Vanguard Press. 1934.
* Escape from Youth. NY: Coward-McCann. 1935.

### Nonfiction books and pamphlets

* with Samuel Warren Hamilton, MD: Mental Illness: A Guide for the Family. The Commonwealth fund. 1942. (5th edition 1968)
* with Mary E. Corcoran: The Attendant's Guide. The Commonwealth fund. 1945.
* with Howard W. Hopkirk: The Housemother's Guide. The Commonwealth fund. 1946.
* with Samuel Warren Hamilton, MD: Better Mental Hospitals: A Guide for the Citizen. 1947. (revised edition. National Association for Mental Health. 1955.)
* with Elsa Castendyck: The Handicapped Child: A Guide for Parents. 1950.
* with Mabel Ross: You and Your Aging Parents. NY: A. A. Wyn. 1952.; revised edition. NY: Harper & Row. 1965.
* Notes for After 50. 1955.
* A Full Life After 65. Public affairs pamphlet,no. 347. Public Affairs Committee. 1963.
# Double Fantasy (song)

"Double Fantasy" is a song by Canadian singer the Weeknd featuring American rapper Future. It was released on April 21, 2023, through XO and Republic Records, originally serving as the lead single to The Idol, Vol. 1, the now scrapped soundtrack album to the former's HBO drama television series, The Idol, which premiered on June 4, 2023. The song was later included on The Idol Episode 2 (Music from the HBO Original Series), an EP of music from the second episode of the series. The song was written by Future, the Weeknd, Metro Boomin, and Mike Dean, and produced by the latter three. It is named after John Lennon and Yoko Ono's 1980 studio album of the same name.

## Release and promotion

On April 10, 2023, the Weeknd previewed a snippet of "Double Fantasy" alongside an unreleased cover of John Lennon's 1971 single, "Jealous Guy", on Instagram Live. Four days later, he made an appearance at producer Metro Boomin's set at Coachella 2023, in which he performed his portion of the song, but he teased the song's title two days before. On April 19, 2023, he shared the cover art of the song and announced its release date. Two days later, the same day that the song was released, he performed it at Metro Boomin's second set at Coachella.

## Music video

The official music video for "Double Fantasy" was released alongside the release of the song on April 21, 2023. Future does not make an appearance in it, but it shares unreleased scenes from The Idol, and stars Tesfaye and co-star Lily-Rose Depp, looking for fame and then finding the former, while the video is sexually-charged and is drug-heavy.

## Critical reception

In a positive review for American Songwriter, Thomas Galindo praised the song writing: "With a stunning, multi-faceted chorus, The Weeknd’s vocals and lyrics ooze promiscuity. Following along with the supposed theme of the show, which depicts the toxic, hyper-sexual nature of Hollywood, “Double Fantasy” feels like the perfect promotional track for The Idol Vol. 1." In a more mixed review for Pitchfork, Shaad D'Souza, wrote that the song was "luxuriously produced" and that it was "knowingly cheesy and sleazy". He commended Tesfaye's vocals for feeling effortless but criticized Future's verse as being "boilerplate" and his delivery "soporific".

## Certifications

Certifications for "Double Fantasy" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Platinum | 40,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release history for "Double Fantasy" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | April 21, 2023 | Digital downloadstreaming | XORepublic | |
| United States | April 25, 2023 | Contemporary hit radio | XORepublic | |