OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Einstein Bros. Bagels

Einstein Bros. Bagels is an American chain of bagel cafes. In the 1990s, the company bought out several retail bagel chains from regions around the US which lacked bagel traditions. After filing for bankruptcy in 2000, the company was bought out by New World Coffee. It became part of Panera Brands in August 2021.

## History

Einstein Bros. was created by the chain restaurant corporation Boston Chicken (now Boston Market) in 1995, as a way to market breakfast foods. The chain is now owned by Panera Brands.
Boston Chicken, Inc. originally formed the Einstein and Noah Bagel Corporation as Progressive Bagel Concepts, Incorporated (PBCI) in March 1995, when it purchased four retail bagel chains, all located in regions of the United States that did not have longstanding bagel traditions. These companies included Offerdahl's Bagel Gourmet (Fort Lauderdale), Bagel & Bagel (Kansas City), Baltimore Bagel (San Diego), and Brackman Brothers, Incorporated (Salt Lake City). Each found that their stores were similar in that they offered both original and new bagel flavors in wealthy neighborhoods where the customers had relatively little previous exposure to bagels.
Noah's Bagels was founded in 1989 by Noah Alper on College Avenue in Berkeley, California. In 1996, the chain of 38 stores was sold to Einstein Bros. for $100 million.

### Acquisition by New World Coffee

New World Coffee was founded in the early 1990s by Ramin Kamfar, an investment banker who left his finance career to open a coffee shop. It bought Manhattan Bagel out of bankruptcy in 1998. The combined company purchased Chesapeake Bagel Bakery in 1999 when that chain had 89 stores, giving Manhattan approximately 350 locations.
In 2000, Einstein Bros. filed for bankruptcy, having loaned too much money to franchisees. After it declared bankruptcy, New World Coffee, which had earlier attempted an unsuccessful hostile takeover, bought the company out of bankruptcy for $190 million.

### Other acquisitions and mergers

In 2014, Einstein Noah Restaurant Group was acquired by JAB Holding Company and BDT Capital Partners.
On August 5, 2021, Einstein Bros. announced that it had merged with Panera Bread and Caribou Coffee to form Panera Brands.
# Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument

The Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument is a monument sculpted by Gürdal Duyar, commissioned by the Şişli Municipality in 2000 in honor of the editor-in-chief of the Milliyet newspaper Abdi İpekçi and erected at the place where he was assassinated in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1979.
The monument, which was erected on 2000, follows the renaming of Emlak Street to Abdi İpekçi Street in 1979, the Abdi İpekçi Peace and Friendship Prize in 1980, and the Abdi İpekçi Arena in commemorating İpekçi.

## Description

The sculpture is located close to the middle of the Abdi İpekçi Street. The sculpture was made by the sculptor Gürdal Duyar. The bronze sculpture is 3.5 metres (11 ft) tall and stands on top of a 70 centimetres (28 in) granite plinth. The composition of the sculpture consists of two children, a boy and a girl, holding up a bust of İpekçi. Behind the boy and girl are two columns supporting an arch, on top of which there is a dove that represents peace.
The monument is located near the location of Abdi İpekçi's former house at the place where he was shot and killed by an assassin in 1979.

## Erection

The project was done by architect Erhan İşözen upon the request of the Şişli municipality. The sculptor Gürdal Duyar brought the project to life. The monument was inaugurated on the 21st anniversary of Abdi İpekçi's assassination, following a ceremony at İpekçi's grave at the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery. The inauguration was attended by İpekçi's family, close friends, and colleagues such as the editor-in-chief at the time of the Milliyet newspaper Yalçın Doğan and President of the Turkish Journalists Association Nail Güreli. Doğan and Güreli made speeches during the inauguration ceremony. During the ceremony Güreli said that the system didn't let much light be shed onto the assassination and that the assassins were being protected, stating: "The negligence of the rulers of the country led to the murder of İpekçi and many journalists by dark forces. This ignorance must end now. Unfortunately, such an effort is not evident." Andreas Politakis, founder of the Abdi İpekçi Peace and Friendship Prize, sent a wreath to the ceremony which was on 1 February 2000. On the wreath it was written that "Abdi İpekçi's vision for Turkish-Greek rapprochement comes true 21 years later." The ceremony, which was attended by the Mayor of Şişli Municipality Mustafa Sarıgül, had a large crowd.

## Later events

In 2006, journalists who opposed the release of İpekçi's murderer Mehmet Ali Ağca participated in the Abbas Güçlü ile Genç Bakış program which was held in front of Abdi İpekçi's monument. The program Abbas Güçlü ile Genç Bakış was broadcast from the street for the first time. Before the program in which many journalists reacted to this decision, guests left red carnations at İpekçi's monument and commemorated İpekçi.
On 3 May 2018, World Press Freedom Day, the Press Council members flew pigeons in front of the Abdi İpekçi Monument.
İpekçi is remembered in ceremonies in front of the monument such as at the 43rd, and the 44th anniversary of his assassination.
# Burdizzo

The Burdizzo is the name brand of a company that makes a castration device (an emasculatome) which employs a large clamp designed to break the blood vessels leading into the testicles. Once the blood supply to the testicles is lost, testicular necrosis occurs, and the testicles shrink, soften, and eventually deteriorate completely. When the device is used, the operator crushes the spermatic cords one at a time, leaving a space in between in order to prevent an interruption of blood-flow to the scrotum.

## Animals

The Burdizzo is used primarily on farm animals such as cattle and sheep. An appropriately-sized esmaculatome should also be used depending on animal and size. The device should be disinfected and clean in case the skin is broken. Local anaesthesia plus a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug are needed to eliminate acute pain caused by Burdizzo castration.
Castration via this method is an appealing approach because it seemingly causes less chronic pain than elastic banding and less acute pain than surgical castration, yet with all the benefits of bloodless castration in cattle. Some studies have reported less weight loss for calves castrated via this device versus surgical castration. The greatest advantage of the Burdizzo over other methods is that, because the spermatic cords are crushed within the scrotum, no open wound is exposed to the environment, protecting the injury from flies, dirty surroundings, and infectious agents. It's also bloodless with less reduction in weight gain after castration compared to surgical or latex-band.
There are a few disadvantages. It is unreliable when done incorrectly, which can lead to stags (a bull that has already developed some secondary sex characteristics). Equipment will become ineffective after long-term use and must be replaced. It can be slow to perform and requires expertise to prevent user errors that can occur. Castration failure due to tool operator error has been reported more often with this method than for other methods. Swiss researchers reported calves castrated with this device when younger than 12 to 16 weeks may retain functional testes. It is not known why it may happen. It has been proposed that it fails either due to spermatic cord being too small to crush or due to regeneration. Misidentification of spermatic cords has also been cited as a reason for less reliability. The device might also fail due to not being held for the appropriate time (10 seconds).

## Humans

Burdizzos have also been used by some human males as a means of self-castration. Though it lessens the risk of infection as no skin is broken, it is considered unsafe for humans, as the Burdizzo was not originally designed for human use, and causes blunt force trauma to the spermatic cords, which are thickly wrapped in nerve fibres.
# Andrey Guryev Jr.

Andrey Andreevich Guryev Jr. is a Russian businessman. He is the son of Andrey Guryev, a Russian oligarch. Guryev Jr. took over PhosAgro, his father's company. The Guryev family owns nearly 50% of the company.
His father built the company up in during the 1990s following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is one of the four largest producers of phosphate-based fertilizers in the world.

## Biography

He is the son of Andrey Guryev and Evgenia. In May 2015, Forbes estimated his father's net worth at US$3.8 billion.
In 2011, the Guryev family owned 71% of PhosAgro, with 10% owned by Vladimir Litvinenko. The family owned nearly 50% in 2017.

### Sanctions

He was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Guryev Jr. was added to the European Sanctions list as of 9 March 2022 for providing a substantial source of revenue to the government of the Russian Federation.

## Personal life

He is married to Valeria, who was educated at the London College of Fashion.
# Flameflower

Flameflower, flame flower, or flame-flower is a common name that may refer to several flowering plants, including:
* Ipomopsis rubra, a species in the family Polemoniaceae native to the central and eastern United States
* Macranthera flammea, a species in the family Orobanchaceae native to the south-eastern United States
* Some species of Phemeranthus, a genus in the family Montiaceae, including:
** Phemeranthus brevifolius, a species native to the southern United States
** Phemeranthus humilis, a species native to the south-western United States
** Phemeranthus longipes, a species native to the southern United States
** Phemeranthus marginatus, a species endemic to Arizona, United States
** Phemeranthus rhizomatus, a species endemic to New Mexico, United States
** Phemeranthus spinescens, a species native to the north-western United States
** Phemeranthus validulus, a species endemic to Arizona, United States
* Talinopsis frutescens, a species in the family Anacampserotaceae native to Mexico and the southern United States
* Tropaeolum speciosum, a species in the family Tropaeolaceae native to Chile
Some of these species are also known as "fameflower": the term "flameflower" appears to be an alteration.
* Ipomopsis rubra
* Macranthera flammea
* Phemeranthus spinescens
* Talinopsis frutescens
* Tropaeolum speciosum
# Steve Lomasney

Steven James Lomasney (born August 29, 1977) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played in a single Major League Baseball (MLB) game. In the late 1990s, he was a highly regarded prospect for the Boston Red Sox. During his career, he batted and threw right-handed, stood 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m) tall, and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg).

## Early years

Lomasney grew up in Peabody, Massachusetts, where he played both baseball and football. He became a local hero when he caught for the Peabody High School baseball team that won the Greater Boston League Championship and played quarterback and defensive end for two Massachusetts Super Bowl teams. Lomasney was named the MVP of the Greater Boston League, Player of the Year, and a member of All-Scholastic teams in football and baseball.

## Playing career

After being selected by Boston in the fifth round of the 1995 MLB draft, Lomasney signed with the Red Sox on June 29, 1995. He became a rising star in the system, and given his roots, a much-hoped-for future Fenway Park favorite.
In 1999, Lomasney split time between the Class A-Advanced Sarasota Red Sox and Double-A Trenton Thunder; overall he batted .259 with 20 home runs and 59 RBIs and was named Minor League Player of the Year for Sarasota. Lomasney's major league career consisted of a single game played at Camden Yards in Baltimore on October 3, 1999, the final regular season game for the 1999 Red Sox. He came into the game as a defensive replacement for Jason Varitek in the bottom of the fifth inning. Offensively, Lomasney batted twice, striking out both times, while defensively he threw out two runners who tried to steal second base. Scott Hatteberg replaced Lomasney in the bottom of the 10th inning as Tim Wakefield retired the side to save a 1–0 Boston victory.
Lomasney suffered a serious eye injury with the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox in August 2001, when he was hit in the face with a batted ball during batting practice; his eyesight never fully recovered. He remained in the Red Sox organization until 2002, when he was granted free agency. He moved through the farm systems of the Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Reds, and Minnesota Twins, before being released by the Twins on August 3, 2006. Overall, in 12 seasons of Minor League Baseball, Lomasney batted .229 with 93 home runs and 395 RBIs in 918 games played.
# University of Lomé

The University of Lomé (French: Université de Lomé; abbreviated UL) is a public university in Togo, located in the capital Lomé. It is the country's largest university. It was founded in 1970 as the University of Benin (French: Université du Bénin) and adopted its current name in 2001.

## 2011 student riots

In May 2011, the government of Togo ordered the indefinite closure of University of Lomé after students started riots demanding better conditions and food. The riots began on Wednesday, 25 May 2011, and escalated through the rest of the week culminating in a clash on Friday between students and police which required the use of tear gas to disperse the roughly 500 rioting students. Authorities stated that the rioters were invading lecture halls, assaulting lecturers and other students, and destroying university property. The university was closed on Friday, 27 May 2011.
The head of the institution, Koffi Ahadzi Nonon, stated that the students were upset that the university had introduced a new academic system called LMD (translated as bachelor, master, doctorate) for which the students were unprepared. On 26 May 2011, the Embassy of the United States in Lomé, Togo, issued a warden message to U.S. citizens in Togo to avoid the university campus area until the riots had ceased and stating that tear gas may have been used on 25 May, against the demonstrators.
On 6 June, an agreement between the university and the students was reached as students affirmed their commitment to the new LMD academic system and that the university would improve the students' living conditions. On 15 June, the head of student organisation, the Movement for the Development of Togolese Students or MEET, was arrested for attempting to incite possible violent resistance. The head of Hacam — another student organisation — condemned the actions of the head of MEET.
On 8 July, students and government representatives signed a formal agreement allowing current students to continue on the classic academic system or switch to the LMD system at their option and which stated that the government would invest 2.4 billion CFA francs (roughly US$4,800,000) into the construction of new lectures halls and versatile teaching blocks at the University of Lomé and the University of Kara.

## Notable alumni

* Yawo Adomayakpor, Togo's ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, graduated from the University of Lomé.
* Kétévi Adiklè Assamagan, American engineer and physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory
* Adolé Isabelle Glitho-Akueson, Togolese entomologist and Professor of Animal Biology at the University of Lomé
* Gilbert Houngbo, Prime Minister of Togo from 2008 to 2012, earned his Master of Business Administration at the University of Lomé.
# Fosters Freeze

Fosters Freeze is a chain of fast-food restaurants in California. Its first location, on La Brea Avenue in Inglewood, California, was opened by George Foster in 1946 and is still operating.
The chain's name refers to its soft-serve ice milk and milkshakes. Its marketing slogan is "California's Original Soft Serve." Its mascot is Little Foster, a smiling ice cream cone.

## History

George Foster moved to California after World War II to open outlets for Dairy Queen, since he owned the development rights in the state. However, state laws protecting the dairy industry prevented the use of dairy in restaurant names. So instead, in 1946, Foster opened a restaurant named after himself, Foster’s Old Fashion Freeze. (The apostrophe was later dropped.) In 1951, he sold the chain's 360 locations for $1 million. By 1987, it had been reduced to 189 locations.
El Pollo Loco signed a master franchise contract with Fosters Freeze in 1994, allowing service of Fosters Freeze soft-serve ice cream in El Pollo Loco locations. In 2002, 163 El Pollo Loco locations sold Fosters Freeze products, and their overall sales increased by three to six percent. The contract ended in 2014.
The historical significance of Fosters Freeze restaurants attracts patrons and has united community members to preserve them. In 2006, residents of Menlo Park presented their city council a petition with about 400 signatures to prevent the demolition of their local Fosters, although it finally closed in 2015. The Santa Cruz location is listed in the city's historic building survey.
In 2015, a restaurant franchise investment group bought Fosters Freeze. It modernized the brand and operations; sales have increased every year since then. As of 2021, the company plans to add locations for the first time since 2006.
As of January 2024, there are 62 Fosters Freeze locations, all in California.

## In popular culture

* The Beach Boys song "Fun, Fun, Fun" was inspired by the Fosters Freeze location in Hawthorne, California.
* The Fosters Freeze in Atwater Village, Los Angeles appeared in the movie Pulp Fiction.
* In the drama film Twentynine Palms, the main characters eat soft serve at a Fosters Freeze.
# Mohammed Ali Salim

Mohammed Ali Salim (1934 or 1935 – 28 January 2022) was a Libyan politician who was, for one day, the Acting Chairman of the General National Congress of Libya, a role he was given by virtue of being the oldest member of Libya's first democratically elected legislature, until Mohamed Yousef el-Magariaf was appointed permanent chair.
Salim died in Tunisia on 28 January 2022, at the age of 87.
# Great American Cookies

Great American Cookie Co., doing business as Great American Cookies, is an American chain of independently owned and operated franchised stores that specialize in gourmet cookies, especially cookie cakes. It has over 290 stores in the U.S., particularly in the Southeast as well as Puerto Rico and Guam, most commonly located in malls. The company was founded in 1977 and has its headquarters in Atlanta. It is since 2010 a franchise brand in the portfolio of Global Franchise Group.

## History

Great American Cookie Co. was founded by future CEO Michael J. Coles and partner Arthur Karp, who each invested $4,000 to develop a business selling cookies on the strength of a family recipe passed on to Karp's wife. That same year the first store opened in Atlanta's Perimeter Mall.
The first store in Perimeter Mall became successful in its first month, and the company first became franchised the year after its opening. By 1985, the company had revenue of $100 million per year and was the largest retail cookie chain in the U.S.
In 1985, Coles shortened the name to Great American Cookie Company, with a plan to shorten it further to Great American Cookies. "To complement the revised recipes and pricing structure, we refashioned our branding. Our name—the Original Great American Chocolate Chip Cookie Company—was cute at first, but it had become a liability. What might work for a small, local company did not have national cachet," said Coles.
When Coles sold the firm to Mrs. Fields Famous Brands in 1998, the company had sales of over $100 million. On January 29, 2008, the company was acquired by NexCen Brands Inc. for its Quick Service Restaurant portfolio, which included sister companies Marble Slab Creamery, MaggieMoo's Ice Cream and Treatery and Pretzelmaker. Since July 2010, this portfolio of brands has been owned by Global Franchise Group, LLC, an affiliate of Levine Leichtman Capital Partners, and managed by GFG Management.
On June 28, 2021, Global Franchise Group announced that it would be acquired by FAT Brands, owners of Fatburger and Johnny Rockets. The acquisition was completed on July 22.
# Great Wraps

Great Wraps is an American quick serve restaurant founded in 1974 with 51 locations in over 18 states, primarily in food courts. Its menu consists of hot, wrapped sandwiches (including their signature Gyro Wrap), cheesesteaks, rice bowls and frozen smoothies.
Great Wraps is a franchise, established as a company in 1974 and franchised in 1986. The company's headquarters is in Atlanta, Georgia. The chief executive officer is Mark Kaplan. Bonds rated Great Wraps as one of the top 100 North American Franchises.
# Gil Ofer

Gil Ofer (also spelled Gil Offer, Hebrew: גיל עופר; born 15 July 1976) is an Israeli former Olympic judoka and coach.

## Personal life

He is a cousin of American Olympian fencer Tamir Bloom.

## Judo career

Ofer won the gold medal in judo in the under-73 kilograms weight class at the 1997 Maccabiah Games in Tel Aviv, and won the 1998 British Open in Birmingham, England.
In 2000, Ofer was ranked third on the European Circuit in his judo class (73 kilograms). Ofer won the Judo World Cups in Sofia in May 2000 and in Minsk in June 2000.
Ofer competed for Israel at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia in men's under 73 kg. He came in tied for 13th place.
In 2002 Ofer won the Israeli Championship at U90, and in 2005 he won the Israeli Championship at U81.
# Hartz Chicken

Hartz Chicken (also known as Hartz Chicken Buffet and Hartz Krispy Chicken 'N' Rolls) is an American fast food restaurant chain specializing in fried chicken. The company supplies more than 60 locations in Texas, mostly around the Houston metropolitan area, and Malaysia, as well as one restaurant in Shreveport, LA.

## History

W. Lawrence Hartzog Sr., who was a friend of Colonel Sanders of KFC, started Hartz Chicken under Hartzog Inc. in 1972. He opened a total of 45 units, 13 of which were company owned and 32 of which were franchised, in Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia.
In 1964, Hartzog opened the first Hart's Fried Chicken store in Mobile, AL. In 1972, he sold all of his KFC stores, bakeries, and his restaurant equipment company to the KFC parent company. Due to competition between Hart's stores and KFC franchise stores in Mobile, Wayne Johnson, Hartzog's brother-in-law and the Vice President of restaurant operations for his company, bought the Mobile operation from the KFC parent company. Since then, Harts has been run by three generations of the Johnson family and is one of the oldest family-owned restaurants in Mobile, Alabama, with five locations in the area.
He sold the lot in 1986 to a newly formed AJP Enterprises subsidiary, Hartz Chicken Inc.
The chain began international expansion with a store in Malaysia under the name Hartz Chicken Buffet. In the late 1990s the brand opened locations in Jakarta, Indonesia and Shanghai, China, both of which later closed.
Between 1986 and July 1994, the chain was managed by George N. Samaras (CEO/Director) under Hartz Chicken International Co. which voluntarily dissolved on July 13, 1994. After transferring the chain to Hartz Restaurant International Inc., Hartz Restaurants International Inc. and Gemini Investors Inc. formed Wingstop Holdings, Inc. in 2003 and acquired Wingstop from its founder, Antonio Swad. Wingstop was sold to Roark Capital Group in 2010. The chain once opened as far as Indonesia in early 2000s but it was folded sometime before 2009.
In 2018 Hartz Franchise Restaurants, Ltd named AVVA Agency its creative agency of record. The agency begun to catalog existing assets, develop online presence and creative campaigns for the brand. AVVA Agency's first assignment involved the creation and execution of new in-store, online and print advertising to promote a slate of new menu and products.