OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khalilur Rahman (general)

Khalilur Rahman was a major general of Bangladesh Army and former director general of Bangladesh Rifles (now Border Guard Bangladesh) and former Chief of Defence staff.

## Early life and education

Khalilur Rahman was born on 1 January 1927 in Nandina, Jamalpur of Bengal Presidency then British India (now in Mymensingh, Bangladesh). He obtained his Bachelor's Degree in Economics from Presidency College, Calcutta. He later joined the Pakistan Military Academy in 1948 and commissioned in East Bengal Regiment in 1950. He was graduated from Staff College, Camberley.

## Military career
### Pakistan Army

He had started his career by joining the Pakistan Army in 1948. He was commissioned in the Pakistan Army on 26 August 1950 and was posted to the East Bengal Regimental Centre.Later in 1952 he was posted to 1st East Bengal Regiment which was in Jessore Cantonment.At the time of his posting in the 1st East Bengal Regiment Lieutenant Colonel M.A.G. Osmani was the Commanding Officer. He served as the general staff officer second grade at the CENTO Headquarters in Ankara, Turkey. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel on 22 September 1966 and became the CO of 5th East Bengal Regiment. On 16 May 1970, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel and posted to I Corps headquarters. Later, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier on 29 May 1971. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, he was posted in General Headquarters as a Director of Defense Security Force.

### Bangladesh Army

He repatriated to Bangladesh in 1973 after its independence in 1971. He was the director general of Bangladesh Rifles from 22 February 1974 to 31 October 1975. On 15 May 1975 he was promoted to the rank of Major General. He was the director general during the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the president of Bangladesh. He pledged allegiance to the new government on Bangladesh Radio after the assassination. He became Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), whose position and power was above chiefs of three defence forces after 15 August coup.

## Political career

After retirement from Army, Khalilur Rahman joined Bangladesh Awami League. He contested in 1986 Parliamentary Elections as candidate of Awami League from Jamalpur-5. He won the election and was elected to the parliament. In 1991, he contested from the same constituency but lost the election to Sirajul Huq. In 1996, he again participated in the election but this time as a candidate of Gono Forum. He lost the election to Rezaul Karim Hira.

## Books

* কাছে থেকে দেখা (১৯৭৩-১৯৭৫)
* পূর্বাপর ১৯৭১ পাকিস্তান সেনা-গহ্বর থেকে দেখা

## Awards and decorations

| Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War (War Medal 1965) | Tamgha-e-Jamhuria (Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956 |

## Death

He died on 20 April 2009
# Never Give You Up

"Never Give You Up" was a single by Jerry Butler that reached no. 20 in the Billboard chart and no. 16 in Canada in 1968. It was written by Gamble & Huff. Butler was also credited as co-composer. The song has also been covered by Eddie Floyd, Buddy Greco, Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers, Leonard Julien III, Rod Stewart and The Black Keys.

## Background

The credited composers on the single are Gamble, Huff and Butler. The single was released on Mercury 72798 in April 1968. The song spent 14 weeks on the Hot 100 chart, eventually peaking at no. 20 on July 6, 1968. It also peaked at no. 16 in Canada the same month. This track was also recorded at the Cameo Parkway Reco Arts studio in Philadelphia and featured musicians who would later go on to play on many groups' hit records recorded at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia for such artists as The Spinners, The Stylistics and Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes. The personnel on the session included Norman Harris and Bobby Eli on guitar, Ronnie Baker on bass, Leon Huff on piano, and Earl Young on Drums and Vince Montana on vibes. The session was engineered by Joe Tarsia and arranged by Bobby Martin.

## Other versions
### 1960s

Thee Midnighters had their version of the song as the B side of their "Chicano Power" single which was released around 1967 - 1968. Eddie Floyd covered the song which appeared on his 1968 Stax album, I've Never Found A Girl. A version by Shirley And The Shirelles was recorded. It was included as the B side of single "Go Away And Find Yourself" which was released on Bell in 1969. Buddy Greco recorded a version of the song which appeared as the B side of his single, "Everybody Gets To Go To The Moon", released on Wand Records in 1970. It was also on his Let the Sunshine In album which was previously released on Scepter Records SPS 579 in 1969. A group called The Road had a version on their self-titled album in which was released on Kama Sutra in 1969.

### 1970s to 1980s

In 1971, Isaac Hayes released a version of this song on his album Black Moses. In 1977, a single by Bonnie Bramlett and Dobie Gray was released on Capricorn 2089 039. Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers recorded a version that appeared on their 1979 Bustin' Loose album.

### 1990s to 2010s

The 2005 album Push Comes to Shove by rapper M.E.D. featured the song "Never Give U Up", produced by Oh No, who built the instrumental backing around a portion of the Chuck Brown & the Soul Searchers version of "Never Give You Up". Leonard Julien III recorded the song and it appeared on his Reflections of Soul album which came out on Modeste Records in 2007. Rod Stewart recorded the song as well and it appears on the RCA 88697603432 release of his 2009 Soulbook album. The Black Keys recorded a version which appeared on their Brothers album which was released in 2010. Their version was also used in the Series 3 Episode 4 of the BBC series Luther, which starred Idris Elba. Tony Strong & the Philly Soul recorded a version that was included on their 2012 album "It Ain’t Over".
# Geetanjali Tikekar

Geetanjali Tikekar is an Indian television actress known for portraying the role of Aparna in Kasautii Zindagii Kay and Anjali Niranjan Agnihotri in Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir.

## Career

Geetanjali started her television career with Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat in 2002. She played the role of a psychotherapist in Jersey No. 10 on Sony SAB. In Tere Liye she played Neelanjana Shekhar Ganguly on Star Plus. She gained popularity for her role of Aparna Anurag Basu in Kasautii Zindagii Kay, for which she also won accolades. She also portrayed Anjali Niranjan Agnihotri in Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir on Star Plus.

## Personal life

She married her co-star Sikandar Kharbanda from Kasautii Zindagii Kay. They dated each other 2 and a half years before marriage. The couple have a son named Shaurya Kharbanda born on 1 December 2008.

## Television

| Year | Show | Role | Notes |
| 2002–2003 | Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat | Neonika "Nikki" Chatterjee / Neonika Raj Karmarkar | (Episode 6 to Episode 29) |
| 2002–2003 | Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat | Natasha | (Episode 160 to Episode 176) |
| 2002–2003 | Kahi To Milenge | Sanjana | |
| 2003–2004; 2005–2007 | Kasautii Zindagii Kay | Aparna Ghosh / Aparna Anurag Basu / Suchitra | |
| 2004–2005 | Hum 2 Hain Na! | Anjali | |
| 2005 | Raat Hone Ko Hai | Sanjana | (Episode 229 to Episode 232) |
| 2006–2008 | Karam Apnaa Apnaa | Maya Kapoor | |
| 2007–2008 | Jersey No. 10 | Psychotherapist | |
| 2010–2011 | Tere Liye | Neelanjana Shekhar Ganguly | |
| 2011 | Adaalat – Zindagi Milegi Dobara : Part 1 & Part 2 | Advocate Suchitra Silwadker | (Episode 69 & Episode 70) |
| 2013–2015 | Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir | Anjali Niranjan Agnihotri | |
| 2016 | Ek Duje Ke Vaaste | Nirmala Ramnath Malhotra | |
| 2019–2020 | Naagin 4: Bhagya Ka Zehreela Khel | Vrushali Akash Parikh | |
| 2021 | Kyun Utthe Dil Chhod Aaye | Nalini Gajendra Pratapsingh / Nalini Vijendra Pratapsingh | |
| 2021–2022 | Shubh Laabh – Aapkey Ghar Mein | Savita Niranjan Toshniwal | |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Character | Show | Result |
| 2004 | Indian Television Academy Awards | Best Actress in a Negative Role | Aparna Basu | Kasautii Zindagii Kay | Won |
| 2004 | Indian Telly Awards | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Aparna Basu | Kasautii Zindagii Kay | Won |
# List of Celtic metal musicians

This is a list of musicians who play Celtic metal, a form of folk metal that combines Celtic rock with various styles of heavy metal music.
| Band | Country | Started |
| Cruachan | Ireland | 1992 |
| Eluveitie | Switzerland | 2002 |
| Geasa | Ireland | 1994 |
| Gun Ghaol | Scotland | 2023 |
| Hyubris | Portugal | 1998 |
| Leah | Canada | 2011 |
| Mael Mórdha | Ireland | 1998 |
| Mägo de Oz | Spain | 1988 |
| Primordial | Ireland | 1991 |
| Suidakra | Germany | 1994 |
| Thanateros | Germany | 1999 |
| Tuatha de Danann | Brazil | 1995 |
| Waylander | Northern Ireland | 1993 |
# Anzia colpota

Anzia colpota is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. In Japanese, it is known as アンチゴケモドキ (anchi-goke-modoki). It occurs in East Asia, generally at elevations between 2,000 and 3,500 metres.

## Taxonomy

The species was formally described as new to science in 1921 by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio. The type specimen was collected by Atsushi Yasuda from Gamō, in Rikuzen Province, Japan. In his original description, Vainio characterised the species by its thallus, which is frequently divided into dichotomous segments measuring 0.7 to 2 mm wide. He noted that these segments are flat at their tips but otherwise convex, with a whitish-glaucescent colouration that becomes paler toward the tips. Vainio documented that the upper surface produces a yellowish reaction when treated with potassium hydroxide solution (i.e., the K test), while showing no internal reaction. He described the lower surface as blackish with very sparse rhizines of the same colour. In establishing this new species, Vainio distinguished it from Parmelia colpode (now Anzia colpodes, the type of genus Anzia) based on its distinctive K+ reaction on the upper surface.
Anzia colpota closely resembles the North American species A. colpodes, which is also the type species. However, they can be distinguished chemically, as A. colpodes lacks sekikaic acid. In 1961, William Culberson proposed that they should be considered the same species. However, molecular analysis indicates that they are distinct, as they belong to separate clades within the genus Anzia.

## Description

Anzia colpota has a combination of physical and chemical traits that distinguish it from others in its genus. The upper surface of the thallus has a frosted, powdery (pruinose) look, while its lobes grow in a palmate pattern (i.e., palm-shaped, with lobes stemming from the branch), with densely branched tips. Internally, its medulla is made up of a single layer that contains two secondary metabolites (lichen products): divaricatic acid and sekikaic acid.
Anzia colpota bears a superficial resemblance to A. japonica, but some key features distinguish the two species. Whereas A. japonica has a central axis and develops a distinctive spongy cushion on its lower surface that forms discrete, rounded patches, A. colpota lacks these characteristics and instead has a continuous lower layer. The species also differ in their chemical composition: A. japonica contains anziaic acid, which produces a red reaction with C (calcium hypochlorite), whereas A. colpota contains divaricatic and sekikaic acids instead.

## Habitat and distribution

Anzia colpota is found in East Asia, with populations documented in Japan, Korea, and China. In China, the species is primarily concentrated in the Hengduan Mountains region. The lichen typically grows on tree bark, showing a particular affinity for Pinus (pine), Quercus (oak), and Rhododendron species. It occurs at montane to subalpine elevations, generally between 2,000 and 3,500 metres above sea level.
# Gabbiella rosea

Gabbiella rosea is a species of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Bithyniidae.
This species is endemic to Kenya. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes.
# Habesha kemis

Habesha kemis (Amharic: ቀሚስ lit. "Shirt" or "Dress") is the traditional attire of Habesha women.
The ankle length dress is usually worn by Ethiopian and Eritrean women at formal events, holidays and invitations, and comes in many regional varieties. It is made of cotton fabric, and typically comes in white, grey or beige shades. Many women also wrap a shawl called a netela around the formal dress.
# Andes Children's Foundation

Andes Children's Foundation is a registered 501 (c)(3) non-profit supporting the education of children in the rainforest of Vilcabamba, Ecuador. The non-profit was founded in 2003 by Craig Keeland.

## History

In 1991, Craig Keeland took a trip to Ecuador to study the legendary centenarians of the Vilcabamba Valley and attempt to understand why they live so long. During his visit, he found the state of the educational system to be "extremely basic." Some of the schools had no roof, desks, or running water. Textbooks were rare, and technology was basically non-existent.
In 2003 (22 years ago) (2003), Craig Keeland founded the Andes Children's Foundation. Dr. Mark Pedersen and Terry Minke joined him as co-founders. Jaime Mendoza, a resident of Vilcabamba, was also in the founders and trustees until his death in 2011. BEWARE OF SCAM PEOPLE
In October 2003, Keeland delivered the first computers to the schools. The formal ACF Mission Trips began in 2004, with subsequent trips in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2013. Terry Minke and his wife led the first mission trip in 2004. Through these mission trips, ACF has provided computers, printers, school supplies, educational DVDs, microscopes and other science lab equipment, copy machines, and computer repair support. Mission trip volunteers have offered teacher training on computers and arts and crafts. Additionally, part of the Andes Children's Foundation is Mission: Vilcabamba, a group that takes volunteers to Vilcabamba to teach their areas of expertise to the students.
In 2006, ACF contracted with Ivan Macanchi in Quito, Ecuador to install towers and antennas in the Valley for Internet. Ivan's company is now VilcaNet and has expanded to 2,000 residents in the area.
In 2007, the ACF completed the building of Mollepamba School. As of 2013, the foundation supports 13 schools in the Vilcabamba Valley.

## General Structure and Funding

The ACF works with Vilcabamba school district administrators to assess school needs. A Vilcabamba resident is the liaison between the ACF board and the administrators. While in this position, Jaime Mendoza met with school administrators each month. Cristina Alvarez was appointed to this position in 2012.
Foundation funding comes from individual contributors and a percentage of sales from the whole food puree marketed by CK Companies. All overhead is paid for by CK Companies, and 100% of funds raised go to educational support in Vilcabamba.
# Abdullah Al-Junaibi

Abdullah Saleh Khamis Al Mukhaini Al-Junaibi (Arabic:عبد الله الجنيبي; born 14 June 1988) is an Emirati footballer who plays for Ajman as a defender .
# 1906 U.S. Open (golf)

The 1906 U.S. Open was the twelfth U.S. Open, held June 28–29 at Onwentsia Club in Lake Forest, Illinois, a suburb north of Chicago. Alex Smith won the first of his two U.S. Open titles, seven strokes ahead of runner-up Willie Smith, his younger brother and the 1899 champion.
Willie Anderson, three-time defending champion and club pro at Onwentsia, was the heavy favorite. He trailed Alex Smith by two strokes after the first 36 holes on Thursday, and by three after the third round on Friday morning, but an 84 that afternoon dropped him to a distant fifth. Smith posted rounds of 73-74-73-75 for 295, a U.S. Open record and the first sub-300 winning score. Not only did his brother Willie finish in second, his brother-in-law James Maiden tied for third.
Smith's win marked the end of a streak where Scottish-born players won seven consecutive major championships.
For the first time, no player from the inaugural U.S. Open in 1895 participated. Horace Rawlins, the first champion, had played in every edition until this year.

## Round summaries
### First round

Thursday, June 28, 1906 (morning)
| Place | Player | Score |
| T1 | Willie Anderson | 73 |
| T1 | Alex Smith | 73 |
| T1 | Willie Smith | 73 |
| 4 | Jack Hobens | 75 |
| T5 | Laurie Auchterlonie | 76 |
| T5 | Alex Campbell | 76 |
| T5 | Gilbert Nicholls | 76 |
| T5 | Alex Ross | 76 |
| T5 | James Watson | 76 |
| T10 | Walter Fovargue | 77 |
| T10 | William "Bim" Lovekin | 77 |
Source:

### Second round

Thursday, June 28, 1906 (afternoon)
| Place | Player | Score |
| 1 | Alex Smith | 73-74=147 |
| 2 | Willie Anderson | 73-76=149 |
| 3 | James Maiden | 80-73=153 |
| T4 | Laurie Auchterlonie | 76-78=154 |
| T4 | Willie Smith | 73-81=154 |
| T6 | George Cumming | 79-76=155 |
| T6 | Alex Ross | 76-79=155 |
| T6 | George Smith | 79-76=155 |
| T9 | Fred Brand | 78-78=156 |
| T9 | Stewart Gardner | 80-76=156 |
| T9 | Bernard Nicholls | 79-77=156 |
Source:

### Third round

Friday, June 29, 1906 (morning)
| Place | Player | Score |
| 1 | Alex Smith | 73-74-73=220 |
| 2 | Willie Anderson | 73-76-74=223 |
| 3 | Willie Smith | 73-81-74=228 |
| 4 | Laurie Auchterlonie | 76-78-75=229 |
| T5 | James Maiden | 80-73-77=230 |
| T5 | Alex Ross | 76-79-75=230 |
| T7 | Chandler Egan (a) | 79-78-76=233 |
| T7 | Stewart Gardner | 80-76-77=233 |
| 9 | Gilbert Nicholls | 76-81-77=234 |
| 10 | Jack Hobens | 75-84-76=235 |
Source:

### Final round

Friday, June 29, 1906 (afternoon)
| Place | Player | Score | Money ($) |
| 1 | Alex Smith | 73-74-73-75=295 | 300 |
| 2 | Willie Smith | 73-81-74-74=302 | 150 |
| T3 | Laurie Auchterlonie | 76-78-75-76=305 | 90 |
| T3 | James Maiden | 80-73-77-75=305 | 90 |
| 5 | Willie Anderson | 73-76-74-84=307 | 70 |
| 6 | Alex Ross | 76-79-75-80=310 | 60 |
| 7 | Stewart Gardner | 80-76-77-78=311 | 50 |
| T8 | Chandler Egan (a) | 79-78-76-80=313 | 0 |
| T8 | Gilbert Nicholls | 76-81-77-79=313 | 40 |
| 10 | Jack Hobens | 75-84-76-79=314 | 30 |
Source:
Amateurs: Egan (313), Wood (327), Hunter (332), Sellers (337), Potter (342).
# Nobuhle

Nobuhle is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Nobuhle Dlamini (born 1991), Liswati golfer
* Nobuhle Mahlasela (born 1982), South African actress and model
* Nobuhle Majika (born 1991), Zimbabwean footballer
* Nobuhle Nkabane (born 1979), South African politician
# Lydia Madero García

Lydia Madero García (born 21 July 1950) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. She served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Tamaulipas and as Deputy of the LV Legislature. At the state level, she served in the LVI Legislature of the Congress of Tamaulipas.
# Ben Rattray

Ben Rattray (born 1979 or 1980 (age 44–45)) is an American entrepreneur who is the founder and is the CEO of the online petition website Change.org, which he founded in 2007. Rattray was included in the 2012 Time 100 list of the world's most influential people, listed as one of Fortune's 40 Under 40 rising young business leaders of 2012, and given the Commonwealth Club of California's 21st Century Visionary Award in 2014.

## Personal life

Rattray was born in Santa Barbara, California. At Dos Pueblos High School, Rattray was "sporty and handsome" and "a homecoming king". He wanted to grow up to be an investment banker, then retire at age 35 and go into politics.
Rattray attended Stanford University during the technology boom of the early 2000s, studying political science and economics. He changed career paths to focus on "the pursuit of effective collective action" after comments one of his brothers had made when revealing his homosexuality. He later attended the London School of Economics.
As of August 2007, Rattray lived in San Francisco, California.

## Change.org

Rattray launched Change.org from his house in 2007. The site has gone through multiple iterations, starting as a social network for social activism, changing into a cause-based blogging platform, then transitioning to a petition platform in 2011.
The goal of Change.org, according to Rattray, is to "change the balance of power between individuals and large organizations".
"The power unlocked when people have the capacity to more rapidly and effectively organize with others is unprecedented in human history", Rattray wrote in an e-mail to Change.org staff members. "But what's needed for this to be truly transformational is a solution that turns people-power from a force that is episodically realized to one that is deeply embedded in our political and social lives — something that makes people-power pervasive and sustained."
In February 2012, Rattray stated that Change.org was "growing more each month than the total we had in the first four years", with more than 10,000 petitions being started each month on the site, and that in 2011 the company's employees had grown from 20 to 100.
Change.org announced a $15 million round of investment led by the Omidyar Network in May 2013 and said its staff had grown to 170 people in 18 countries.
# Fashion in Ethiopia

Fashion in Ethiopia includes traditional clothing and outfits, accessories and cosmetics.

## Textile and garment

Ethiopia has a rich history for textile production due to its cotton production. Textile outputs include handcrafted translucent shemma cloth made of Amhara embroideries. Ethiopia is also influential for international fashion manufacturing.

### Women's garments

Habesha kemis is made of woven material worn by women. It is usually designed in white color outfit and widely used by the general population, becoming the most accepted dress in the Ethiopian culture. Notwithstanding its wider acceptance, there are also different variations in its pattern. For example in the Harari community, women typically wear purple, red, and black dresses while Bale Oromo people dress in leather garments and Afar people dress in brightly colored wraps made of cotton.

### Men's garments

Similar to the female Habesha kemis outfit, men's garments consist of well-designed woven patterns. Although the colors vary, the outfit is mostly white and usually cozy. Bernos is adapted and worn by Ethiopian and Eritrean highlanders. Donald N. Levine wrote that men from Menz wore this type of garment and described men wearing "the barnos, a tailored cape made of dark wool."
The Bernos is also worn by highlander élites and often seen more importantly in social status. The garment is worn by most men in special occasions and traditional ceremonies.

## Cosmetics and personal care

In October 2022, the Ministry of Finance issued letter to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) to ban 38 unwarranted imports of perfumes and cosmetics for indefinite period. The ban was effective starting on 17 October.
In 2023, Ethiopia's cosmetic and personal care was challenged by ongoing unrest and conflict. As of October 2023, as 29% of high inflation hit Ethiopia's economy, the cosmetics industry met with obstacle due to lack of affordability and availability.