# List of African-American United States presidential and vice presidential candidates

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The following is a list of African-American United States presidential and vice presidential nominees and candidates for nomination. Nominees are candidates nominated or otherwise selected by political parties for particular offices. Listed are those African-Americans who achieved ballot access for the national election in at least one state. They may have won the nomination of one of the US political parties (either one of the major parties, or one of the third parties), or made the ballot as an independent, and in either case must have votes in the election to qualify for this list. Exception is made for candidates whose parties lost ballot status for additional runs.
Not included in the first and second sections are African-Americans who ran unsuccessful campaigns in nominating conventions or primary elections for their party's nomination (or who have not yet completed that process), write-in candidates, potential candidates (suggested by media, objects of draft movements, etc.), or fictional candidates. The third section includes African-Americans who ran for their party's presidential nomination but who were not nominated, as well as those who are currently pursuing their party's presidential nomination (when applicable).
There have been two African Americans on major party tickets in U.S. history: Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 and Democratic vice presidential nominee Kamala Harris in 2020 and presidential nominee in 2024.
Barack Obama was the first African American and first biracial president of the United States, being elected in the 2008 election and re-elected in the 2012 election.
Kamala Harris became the first African-American vice president of the United States of America, being elected in the 2020 election alongside President Joe Biden. She is also the first female vice president. She is the second biracial vice president, the first being Republican Charles Curtis.

## U.S. presidential candidates: party nominees

† Denotes winning candidate.

### Candidates receiving electoral votes

African-American presidential nominees, showing running mate and electoral votes received :
| Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Popular votes | Electoral votes received/total | Opponent |
| 2008† | Barack Obama | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 69,498,215 | 365/538 | John McCain |
| 2012† | Barack Obama | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 65,915,796 | 332/538 | Mitt Romney |
| 2016 | Colin Powell | Not applicable | Not applicable | — | 3/538 |
| 2024 | Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Tim Walz | 71,239,698 | 226/538 | Donald Trump |

### Candidates receiving popular votes

African-American presidential nominees, showing running mate and popular votes received :
| Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Popular votes |
| 1904 | George Edwin Taylor | National Liberty Party | W.C. Payne | Scattering |
| 1960 | Clennon King | Independent Afro-American Party | Reginald Carter | 1,485 |
| 1964 | Clifton DeBerry | Socialist Workers Party | Ed Shaw | 32,706 |
| 1968 | Eldridge Cleaver | Peace and Freedom Party | Various candidates | 36,623 |
| 1968 | Dick Gregory | Freedom and Peace Party | Various candidates | 47,097 |
| 1968 | Charlene Mitchell | Communist Party | Michael Zagarell | 1,076 |
| 1976 | Margaret Wright | People's Party | Benjamin Spock | 49,013 |
| 1980 | Clifton DeBerry | Socialist Workers Party | Matilde Zimmermann | 38,738 |
| 1980 | Andrew Pulley | Socialist Workers Party | Matilde Zimmermann | 6,264 |
| 1984 | Larry Holmes | Workers World Party | Gloria La Riva | 17,985 |
| 1984 | Dennis L. Serrette | New Alliance Party | Nancy Ross | 46,853 |
| 1984 | Edward Winn | Socialist Equality Party | Helen Halyard | 10,801 |
| 1988 | Lenora Fulani | New Alliance Party | Joyce Dattner | 217,219 |
| 1988 | Larry Holmes | Workers World Party | Gloria La Riva | 7,846 |
| 1988 | James Warren | Socialist Workers Party | Kathleen Mickells | 15,602 |
| 1988 | Edward Winn | Socialist Equality Party | Helen Halyard | 18,693 |
| 1992 | Ronald Daniels | Peace and Freedom Party | Asiba Tupahache | 27,949 |
| 1992 | Lenora Fulani | New Alliance Party | Maria Elizabeth Muñoz | 73,714 |
| 1992 | Helen Halyard | Workers League | Fred Mazelis | 3,050 |
| 1992 | Isabell Masters | Looking Back Party | Walter Masters | 327 |
| 1992 | James Warren | Socialist Workers Party | Various candidates | 23,533 |
| 1996 | James Harris | Socialist Workers Party | Laura Garza | 8,476 |
| 1996 | Monica Moorehead | Workers World Party | Gloria La Riva | 29,083 |
| 1996 | Isabell Masters | Looking Back Party | Shirley Jean Masters | 752 |
| 2000 | James Harris | Socialist Workers Party | Margaret Trowe | 7,038 |
| 2000 | Monica Moorehead | Workers World Party | Gloria La Riva | 4,795 |
| 2000 | Randall A. Venson | Independent | Gene Kelly | 547 |
| 2004 | James Harris | Socialist Workers Party | Margaret Trowe | 7,102 |
| 2004 | John Parker | Workers World Party | Teresa Gutierrez | 1,646 |
| 2008 | James Harris | Socialist Workers Party | Alyson Kennedy | 2,424 |
| 2008 | Alan Keyes | America's Independent Party | Brian Rohrbough | 47,756 |
| 2008 | Cynthia McKinney | Green Party | Rosa Clemente | 150,061 |
| 2008† | Barack Obama | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 69,498,215 |
| 2012 | Stewart Alexander | Socialist Party | Alejandro Mendoza | 4,405 |
| 2012 | Andre Barnett | Reform Party | Ken Cross | 956 |
| 2012 | James Harris | Socialist Workers Party | Maura DeLuca | 4,117 |
| 2012 | Peta Lindsay | Party for Socialism and Liberation | Yari Osorio | 7,791 |
| 2012† | Barack Obama | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 65,915,796 |
| 2016 | Monica Moorehead | Workers World Party | Lamont Lilly | 4,314 |
| 2016 | Khadijah Jacob-Fambro | Revolutionary Party | Milton Fambro | 748 |
| 2016 | Clifton Roberts | Humane Party | Breeze Harper | 86 |
| 2020 | President R19 Boddie | C.U.P. | Eric Stoneham | 3,177 |
| 2020 | Dario Hunter | Oregon Progressive Party | Dawn Neptune Adams | 5,403 |
| 2020 | Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro | Unaffiliated | Khadijah M. Jacob | 497 |
| 2020 | Ricki Sue King | Genealogy Know Your Family History | Dayna R. Chandler | 546 |
| 2020 | Jade Simmons | Independent | Claudeliah Roze | 6,958 |
| 2020 | Kanye West | NA | Michelle Tidball | 70,294 |
| 2024 | Joseph "Afroman" Foreman | Independent | None | TBC |
| 2024 | Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Tim Walz | 71,239,698 |
| 2024 | Mattie Preston | Godliness, Truth, Justice Party | Shannel Conner | TBC |
| 2024 | Jasmine Sherman | Green Party of Alaska | Tanya BluBear | Not on ballot |
| 2024 | Cornel West | Independent | Melina Abdullah | 67,873 |

## U.S. vice presidential candidates: party nominees

† Denotes winning candidate.

### Candidates receiving electoral votes

Until the 2020 presidential election, no African-American candidates had received electoral votes for vice president.
African-American vice presidential nominees of major parties, showing running mate and votes received :
| Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Electoral votes received/total | Popular votes | Opponent |
| 2020 | Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 306/538 | 81,268,867 | Mike Pence |

### Candidates receiving popular votes

African-American vice presidential nominees, showing running mate and popular votes received :
| Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Popular votes |
| 1872 | Frederick Douglass | Equal Rights Party | Victoria Woodhull | Unreported |
| 1928 | Simon P. Drew | Interracial Independent Party | Jacob S. Coxey | |
| 1932 | James W. Ford | Communist Party | William Z. Foster | 102,991 |
| 1936 | James W. Ford | Communist Party | Earl Browder | 80,195 |
| 1940 | James W. Ford | Communist Party | Earl Browder | |
| 1952 | Charlotta Bass | Progressive Party | Vincent Hallinan | 140,023 |
| 1968 | Paul Boutelle | Socialist Workers Party | Fred Halstead | |
| 1972 | Julius Hobson | People's Party | Benjamin Spock | 78,759 |
| 1972 | Jarvis Tyner | Communist Party | Gus Hall | |
| 1976 | Willie Mae Reid | Socialist Workers Party | Peter Camejo | 90,986 |
| 1976 | Jarvis Tyner | Communist Party | Gus Hall | |
| 1980 | Angela Davis | Communist Party | Gus Hall | 43,871 |
| 1984 | Angela Davis | Communist Party | Gus Hall | 36,386 |
| 1984 | Helen Halyard | Socialist Equality Party | Edward Winn | 10,801 |
| 1988 | B. Kwaku Duren | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 31,180 |
| 1988 | Helen Halyard | Socialist Equality Party | Edward Winn | 18,693 |
| 1988 | Mamie Moore | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 26,487 |
| 1988 | Florence M. Rice | Consumer Party | Eugene McCarthy | 25,109 |
| 1992 | Willie Mae Reid | Socialist Workers Party | James "Mac" Warren | |
| 1996 | Shirley Jean Masters | Looking Back Party | Isabell Masters | 752 |
| 2000 | Ezola B. Foster | Reform Party | Pat Buchanan | 449,225 |
| 2004 | Arrin Hawkins | Socialist Workers Party | Róger Calero | 3,689 |
| 2004 | Jim Lawrence | Socialist Equality Party | Bill Van Auken | 1,857 |
| 2008 | Stewart Alexander | Socialist Party | Brian Moore | 7,315 |
| 2008 | Eugene Puryear | Party for Socialism and Liberation | Gloria La Riva | 7,478 |
| 2016 | Ajamu Baraka | Green Party | Jill Stein | 1,457,044 |
| 2016 | Osborne Hart | Socialist Workers Party | Alyson Kennedy | 11,667 |
| 2016 | Lamont Lilly | Workers World Party | Monica Moorehead | 4,003 |
| 2016 | Eugene Puryear | Peace and Freedom Party | Gloria La Riva | 43,445 |
| 2016 | Angela Nicole Walker | Socialist Party USA | Mimi Soltysik | 2,579 |
| 2016 | Milton Fambro | Revolutionary Party | Khadijah Jacob-Fambro | 748 |
| 2016 | Breeze Harper | Humane Party | Clifton Roberts | 86 |
| 2020 | Karla Ballard | Independent | Brock Pierce | 49,700 |
| 2020 | Dayna R. Chandler | Genealogy Know Your Family History | Ricki Sue King | |
| 2020 | Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 81,268,867 |
| 2020 | Khadijah M. Jacob | Unaffiliated | Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro | |
| 2020 | Malcolm Jarrett | Socialist Workers Party | Alyson Kennedy | 6,791 |
| 2020 | Cynthia McKinney | Green Party of Alaska | Jesse Ventura | 3,291 |
| 2020 | Melissa Nixon | Independent | Jade Simmons | 181 |
| 2020 | Raechelle Pope | Independent | Michael Laboch | |
| 2020 | Claudeliah Roze | Independent | Jade Simmons | 6,777 |
| 2020 | Angela Nicole Walker | Green Party and Socialist Party USA | Howie Hawkins | 404,021 |
| 2020 | Adrian Wallace | Independent | Mark Charles | 3,040 |
| 2020 | Kanye West | American Independent Party | Rocky De La Fuente | 60,160 |
| 2024 | Melina Abdullah | Independent | Cornel West | 67,873 |
| 2024 | Stephen Broden | Constitution Party | Randall Terry | 40,882 |

## U.S. president: other candidates for party nomination

Candidates who failed to receive their party's nomination (or who are currently campaigning for their party's nomination). Candidates who won the nomination belong in the above tables only.
African-American candidates who unsuccessfully sought presidential nomination :
| Year | Name | Party | Details | Nominee |
| 1848 | Frederick Douglass | Liberty Party | 1 vote at national convention | Gerrit Smith |
| 1888 | Frederick Douglass | Republican Party | 1 vote at national convention | Benjamin Harrison |
| 1968 | Channing E. Phillips | Democratic Party | 67.5 votes at national convention | Hubert Humphrey |
| 1972 | Shirley Chisholm | Democratic Party | 152 votes at national convention | George McGovern |
| 1972 | Walter Fauntroy | Democratic Party | 1 vote at national convention; 21,217 votes (71.78%) and winner of Washington, D.C., primary | George McGovern |
| 1976 | Barbara Jordan | Democratic Party | 1 vote at national convention | Jimmy Carter |
| 1976 | Walter Fauntroy | Democratic Party | 10,149 votes (30.49%, 2nd place) in Washington, D.C. primary | Jimmy Carter |
| 1984 | Jesse Jackson | Democratic Party | 466 votes at national convention | Walter Mondale |
| 1988 | Jesse Jackson | Democratic Party | 1218.5 votes at national convention | Michael Dukakis |
| 1992 | Douglas Wilder | Democratic Party | Withdrew before Iowa caucuses | Bill Clinton |
| 1992 | Alan Keyes | Republican Party | 1 vote at national convention. Keyes was the Republican candidate in the U.S. Senate election in Maryland at the time, and was not actively seeking the presidency in 1992. | George H.W. Bush |
| 1996 | Alan Keyes | Republican Party | 1 vote at national convention | Bob Dole |
| 1996 | Isabell Masters | Republican Party | 1052 votes (7th place) in Oklahoma primary | Bob Dole |
| 2000 | Alan Keyes | Republican Party | 6 votes at national convention | George W. Bush |
| 2000 | Angel Joy Rocker | Republican Party | 6 votes in Alabama straw poll | George W. Bush |
| 2004 | Carol Moseley Braun | Democratic Party | Withdrew before Iowa caucuses | John Kerry |
| 2004 | Al Sharpton | Democratic Party | Earned 26 delegates in 5 primaries and caucuses | John Kerry |
| 2008 | Alan Keyes | Republican Party | Keyes withdrew from Republican Party on April 15, 2008, but remained on the Republican ballot in several states. | John McCain |
| 2008 | Alan Keyes | Constitution Party | 125.7 votes (24.36%, 2nd place) at national convention. | Chuck Baldwin |
| 2012 | Herman Cain | Republican Party | Withdrew on December 3, 2011. | Mitt Romney |
| 2016 | Willie Wilson | Democratic Party | Announced candidacy on June 1, 2015. | Hillary Clinton |
| 2016 | John Fitzgerald Johnson | Democratic Party | Announced candidacy on August 23, 2015. | Hillary Clinton |
| 2016 | Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry | Green Party | 14.5 votes (3rd place) at national convention | Jill Stein |
| 2016 | Monica Moorehead | Peace and Freedom Party | 1,369 votes (30%, 2nd place) in California primary | Gloria La Riva |
| 2016 | Ben Carson | Republican Party | Announced candidacy on May 3, 2015. Withdrew on March 4, 2016. Earned 9 delegates. | Donald Trump |
| 2020 | Cory Booker | Democratic Party | Withdrew before Iowa caucuses | Joe Biden |
| 2020 | Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Withdrew before Iowa caucuses. Harris later became the 2020 Democratic nominee for vice president. | Joe Biden |
| 2020 | Wayne Messam | Democratic Party | Withdrew before Iowa caucuses | Joe Biden |
| 2020 | Deval Patrick | Democratic Party | Announced candidacy on November 14, 2019. Withdrew on February 12, 2020. | Joe Biden |
| 2020 | Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry | Green Party | 11.5 votes (3rd place) at national convention | Howie Hawkins |
| 2024 | President R. Boddie | Democratic Party | Was on the ballot in California and New Hampshire. | Kamala Harris |
| 2024 | Eban Cambridge | Democratic Party | Was on the ballot in California, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and North Dakota. | Kamala Harris |
| 2024 | Larry Elder | Republican Party | Announced candidacy on April 20, 2023. Withdrew on October 26, 2023. | Donald Trump |
| 2024 | Will Hurd | Republican Party | Announced candidacy on June 22, 2023. Withdrew on October 9, 2023. | Donald Trump |
| 2024 | E. W. Jackson | Republican Party | Failed to obtain ballot access. | Donald Trump |
| 2024 | Paperboy Prince | Democratic Party | Was on the ballot in New Hampshire. | Kamala Harris |
| 2024 | Tim Scott | Republican Party | Announced candidacy on May 22, 2023. Withdrew on November 12, 2023. | Donald Trump |
| 2024 | Jasmine Sherman | Green Party | 72 votes (2nd place) at national convention; Green Party of Alaska nominee but not on state ballots. | Jill Stein |
| 2024 | Jasmine Sherman | Peace and Freedom Party | 1,795 votes (13.1%, 2nd place) in non-binding preference primary | Claudia De la Cruz |

## U.S. vice president: other candidates for party nomination

African-American candidates who unsuccessfully sought vice presidential nomination :
| Year | Name | Party | Details | Nominee |
| 1856 | Frederick Douglass | Political Abolitionist | | Samuel T. McFarland |
| 1880 | Blanche Bruce | Republican Party | 8 votes at national convention | Chester A. Arthur |
| 1888 | Blanche Bruce | Republican Party | 11 votes at national convention | Levi P. Morton |
| 1968 | Julian Bond | Democratic Party | 48.5 votes at national convention | Edmund Muskie |
| 1972 | Julian Bond | Democratic Party | 1 vote at national convention | Thomas Eagleton |
| 1972 | Shirley Chisholm | Democratic Party | 20 votes at national convention | Thomas Eagleton |
| 1972 | Ron Dellums | Democratic Party | 4 votes at national convention | Thomas Eagleton |
| 1976 | Barbara Jordan | Democratic Party | 17 votes in national convention | Walter Mondale |
| 1980 | Mel Boozer | Democratic Party | 49 votes in national convention | Walter Mondale |
| 2016 | Larry Sharpe | Libertarian Party | 264 votes in national convention (1st ballot); 409 votes in national convention (2nd ballot) | William Weld |
| 2016 | Derrick Grayson | Libertarian Party | 48 votes in national convention (1st ballot); 9 votes in national convention (2nd ballot) | William Weld |
| 2024 | Ben Carson | Republican Party | Shortlisted for selection | JD Vance |
| 2024 | Byron Donalds | Republican Party | Shortlisted for selection | JD Vance |
| 2024 | Cedric Richmond | Democratic Party | Formally vetted for selection | Tim Walz |
| 2024 | Tim Scott | Republican Party | Finalist for selection | JD Vance |