# Pembroke, Ontario

Pembroke (/ˈpɛmbrʊk/ PEM-brook) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario at the confluence of the Muskrat River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley, 145 kilometres (90 mi) northwest of Ottawa. Though containing the administrative headquarters of Renfrew County, it is an independent city.

## History

The first European settler to the area now known as Pembroke was Daniel Fraser in 1823, who squatted on land that was discovered to have been granted to a man named Abel Ward. Ward later sold the land (where Moncion's Metro Supermarket is located) to Fraser, and nearby Fraser Street is named after the family.
Peter White, a veteran of the Royal Navy arrived in 1828, squatting beside Fraser on the land where Dairy Queen is now located. Other settlers followed, attracted by the growing lumbering operations of the area.
Originally named Miramichi, Pembroke became a police village in 1856.
Pembroke is indirectly named after Sidney Herbert, First Admiralty Secretary from 1841 to 1845 and son of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke.
Pembroke was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1971. It was named seat for Renfrew County in 1861. This set the stage for construction shortly thereafter on the Renfrew County Courthouse, which was finished in 1867, and the arrival of many civil servants, much wealth and much construction. In the 20-year period following 1861, Pembroke basically became the city it is today in terms of layout and buildings, although many homes and other structures have been lost to time. A fire in 1918 destroyed much of Pembroke's downtown.
From 2005 to 2007, the courthouse and (now disused) jail were re-constructed into one building and historic renovations were also completed. Visitors on weekdays can view original 1867 jail cells in the basement, and the original courtroom, complete with a huge replica of the original brass light fixture. County meetings were held here for many years. Three hangings occurred at the indoor gallows inside the Courthouse, two in the 1870s and one in 1952.
Other historic buildings that survive in Pembroke include a historic synagogue, two original hospitals, the Dunlop mansion (Grey Gables Inn), the 'Munroe Block' downtown, and two houses belonging to the White family. A fire in 1918 downtown destroyed many buildings, including the Pembroke Opera House.
In 1898 Pembroke became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pembroke.

### Forest fire prevention

The Pembroke Forest Fire District was founded by Ontario's former Department of Lands and Forests (now the MNR) in 1922 as one of 17 districts to help protect Ontario's forests from fire by early detection from fire towers. The headquarters for the district were housed in the town. It was the central location for 15 fire tower lookouts, including the towers in Algonquin Park. The 15 towers included: Wilberforce, Mt. Edna, Sherwood, Murchison, Preston, Clancy, Fitzgerald, Brent, Big Crow Lake, White Trout Lake, Stonecliffe, Deux Rivières, Osler, Lauder and Skymount. When a fire was spotted in the forest a towerman would get the degree bearings from his respective tower and radio back the information to headquarters. When one or more towermen from other towers in the area would also call in their bearings, the forest rangers at headquarters could get a 'triangulation' read and plot the exact location of the fire on their map. This way a team of forest firefighters could be dispatched as soon as possible to get the fire under control. These towers would all be phased out after aerial fire fighting techniques were employed in the 1970s.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1841 | 250 | — |
| 1871 | 1,508 | +503.2% |
| 1881 | 2,820 | +87.0% |
| 1891 | 4,401 | +56.1% |
| 1901 | 5,156 | +17.2% |
| 1911 | 5,626 | +9.1% |
| 1921 | 7,875 | +40.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1931 | 9,368 | +19.0% |
| 1941 | 10,999 | +17.4% |
| 1951 | 12,704 | +15.5% |
| 1961 | 16,791 | +32.2% |
| 1971 | 16,544 | −1.5% |
| 1981 | 14,026 | −15.2% |
| 1991 | 13,997 | −0.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1996 | 14,177 | +1.3% |
| 2001 | 13,490 | −4.8% |
| 2006 | 13,930 | +3.3% |
| 2011 | 14,360 | +3.1% |
| 2016 | 13,882 | −3.3% |
| 2021 | 14,364 | +3.5% |
Source: Statistics Canada :
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Pembroke had a population of 14,364 living in 6,542 of its 6,888 total private dwellings, a change of 3.5% from its 2016 population of 13,882. With a land area of 14.32 km$^2$ (5.53 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,003.1/km$^2$ (2,597.9/sq mi) in 2021.

## Economy

Pembroke is the largest commercial centre between North Bay and Ottawa.
Historically, forestry and farming formed the backbone of the local economy and remain important today. Local timber products include lumber, plywood, veneer, hydro poles and fibreboard. Other local manufacturing operations produce office furniture.
CFB Petawawa in nearby Petawawa and Chalk River Laboratories of Canadian Nuclear Laboratories in Chalk River are also regional employers. Chalk River Laboratories is being restructured to a GOCO (Government Owned, Contractor Operated) Laboratory.
The economy also benefits from tourism, aided partly by Pembroke's location on the Trans-Canada Highway. Pembroke is a gateway to natural adventures on the Petawawa and Ottawa Rivers, Algonquin Park and to world-class white water rafting a short distance to the southwest.

## Government

Pembroke is managed by a Mayor-Council system, with a weak-mayor government form, for a total of one mayor and six councillors who are elected at large. The councillor who is elected with the most votes is appointed Deputy Mayor. The City's current mayor is Ron Gervais.

### Mayors

1877–current :
| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| 45 | Ronald (Ron) H. Gervais | 2022 | current | |
| 44 | Michael Lemay | 2014 | 2022 | |
| 43 | Ed Jacyno | 2003 | 2014 | |
| 42 | Bob Pilot | 2000 | 2003 | |
| 41 | Les Scott | 1994 | 2000 | |
| 40 | Terance V. McCann | 1988 | 1994 | |
| 36 (3 of 3) | Angus A. Campbell | 1981 | 1988 | |
| 39 | Henry V. Brown | 1975 | 1980 | |
| 38 | George Abdallah | 1973 | 1974 | |
| 36 (2 of 3) | Angus A. Campbell | 1971 | 1972 | Town of Pembroke is redesignated as a city. |
| 37 | William K. Kutschke | 1966 | 1970 | |
| 36 (1 of 3) | Angus A. Campbell | 1960 | 1965 | |
| 35 | A.A. Wallace | 1958 | 1959 | |
| 34 | J.J. Carmody | 1950 | 1957 | |
| 33 | Chas. E. Campbell | 1948 | 1949 | |
| 32 | Wallace J. Fraser | 1942 | 1947 | |
| 31 | F.W. Beatty | 1939 | 1941 | |
| 30 | A.E. Cockburn | 1936 | 1938 | |
| 29 | Matthew McKay | 1935 | 1935 | |
| 28 | John Courtland Bradley | 1934 | 1934 | |
| 27 | George D. Biggs | 1931 | 1933 | |
| 26 | J.M. Taylor | 1928 | 1930 | |
| 25 | J.P. Duff | 1926 | 1927 | |
| 24 | L.S. Barrand | 1924 | 1925 | |
| 23 | W.I. Smyth | 1922 | 1923 | |
| 22 | D.A. Jones | 1920 | 1921 | |
| 21 | W.R. Beatty | 1918 | 1919 | |
| 20 | Edward Behan | 1916 | 1917 | |
| 19 | James L. Morris | 1914 | 1915 | |
| 18 | William Leacy | 1912 | 1913 | |
| 17 | W.L. Hunter | 1910 | 1911 | |
| 16 | J.S. Fraser | 1907 | 1909 | |
| 15 | Isidore Martin | 1907 | 1907 | |
| 14 | William H. Bromley | 1905 | 1906 | |
| 13 | George Delahaye | 1903 | 1904 | |
| 12 | Peter White | 1901 | 1901 | |
| 11 | John P. Millar | 1901 | 1901 | |
| 10 | Thomas Murray | 1897 | 1900 | |
| 9 | F.E. Fortin | 1891 | 1896 | |
| 8 | William R. White | 1891 | 1893 | |
| 7 | Thomas Deacon | 1890 | 1890 | |
| 6 | William Murray | 1888 | 1890 | |
| 5 | Archibald Foster | 1885 | 1887 | |
| 4 | Walter Beatty | 1883 | 1884 | |
| 3 | John H. Metcalfe | 1882 | 1882 | |
| 2 | W.W. Dickson | 1879 | 1881 | |
| 1 | William Moffat | 1877 | 1878 | Planned the original village of Pembroke. First postmaster of Pembroke. |

## Attractions

Local attractions include 30 historic murals in the downtown area depicting the history of the city, from steam engines to logging. Pembroke has more murals than almost any city in Canada.
At the Upper Ottawa Valley Heritage Centre the history of Ottawa Valley settlers comes alive inside the fully furnished schoolhouse, pioneer log home and church, all built in the 1800s. Other outdoor exhibits include a train station, sawmill, blacksmith shop, stonelifter, carriage shed, woodworking shop, bake oven, smokehouse and 1923 Bickle fire engine. The large museum features artifacts which range from fossils and Native Canadian arrowheads to furniture, clothing and manufactured products of Pembroke from various eras. There is also a replica of Samuel de Champlain's Astrolabe (he brought the original to the Valley in 1613), an original Cockburn pointer boat, Corliss steam engine, doctor's examination room, fancy parlour rooms, general store, hair salon and more.
The Pembroke Hydro Museum commemorates national hydro-electric development in Pembroke, including the first electric streetlights in Pembroke, and the first municipal building with electric lights (Victoria Hall).
The city is home to an annual Old Time Fiddling and Step Dancing Festival, which happens Labour Day weekend at Riverside Park. There are often up to 1400 RVs parked there for the week preceding the event. Award-winning fiddler/step dancer April Verch is a Pembroke native.
Pembroke has a 600 plus seat community arts facility, Festival Hall Center of the Arts. The facility is operated by a Consortium consisting of The City of Pembroke and the Townships of Petawawa and Laurentian Valley. This facility hosts various local productions and top Canadian artists during the year.
Pembroke also is host to the annual Silver Stick Regional Minor League Hockey Tournament, which brings in several hundred children and youth on weekends in November and early December for regional qualifying games.
Pembroke's Public Library was designed by architect Francis Conroy Sullivan, a contemporary of Frank Lloyd Wright.

## Sports

Pembroke has been the home of the Pembroke Lumber Kings Junior A Hockey Club since 1958. They have been members of the Central Canada Hockey League since 1964, with the exception of the 1979–1980 season when the Pembroke Royals replaced them. Pembroke has won the CCHL Championship a record five consecutive years. In 2011, they won their first Canadian Junior A title, the Royal Bank Cup.

## Education

The city of Pembroke has three Anglophone Catholic primary schools; Cathedral Catholic School, Holy Name Catholic School and Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School. There are also three public primary schools; Highview Public School, Rockwood Public School and Champlain Discovery Public School. The two biggest secondary schools are Bishop Smith Catholic School, which is the only secondary Catholic school in Pembroke and Petawawa, the neighboring town, and Fellowes High School, the only public Anglophone High School. There are two French schools for the French population of the city; École élémentaire et secondaire catholique Jeanne-Lajoie, which is the French catholic school, and École élémentaire et secondaire publique l’Équinoxe, which is a smaller French Public School.
All the Pembroke high schools are a part of the ‘Upper Ottawa Valley High School Athletic Association (UOVHSAA). UOVHSAA includes 11 high schools in the Renfrew County. The association encourages the “promotion and enhancement of the educational value of school sport”. Although not all schools are able to participate in every sport due to different levels of interest or number of interested students, they students can participate in rugby, volleyball, cross country, football, basketball, alpine skiing, hockey, cross country skiing, snowboarding, curling, wrestling, badminton, golf, soccer, tennis and track and field. The possibilities for students are endless and participation can lead to competing in different associations to represent not only the school, but also the city itself.
The Ottawa-based Algonquin College also has a campus in the heart of Pembroke, right by the Ottawa River. The campus doesn't offer as many programs as the Ottawa campus, but it offers some unique programs that wouldn't be available in the big city. The Outdoor Adventure and Outdoor Adventure Naturalist, Forestry Technician, and Environmental Technician programs are unique to Pembroke due to its location by the water and Algonquin Provincial Park.

## Healthcare services

The Pembroke Regional Hospital is the city's only hospital with many different services available. It is an acute care hospital with services such as medicine, surgery, maternal and childcare, mental health care, regional rehabilitation, emergency and intensive care. The hospital is affiliated with the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Medicine and recognized as a state of the art teaching hospital. Aside from the hospital's doctors, many other doctors practice independently. There is also the Integrated Health Centre, with its focus on assisting the public to improve their health and to prevent pain and illness before problems occur.
Mental health care in Pembroke is available throughout different locations. The Mental Health Services of Renfrew County is the mental health ward in the Pembroke Regional Hospital. For youth, there is the Phoenix Centre for Children and Families that is run by a volunteer board of directors and funded by the provincial government. The Phoenix Centre for Children and Families offers walk-in counselling for those who need immediate help or advice. There is also the Robbie Dean Family Counselling Centre, that offers a wide variety of services such as a Suicide Prevention & Crisis Clinic, PTSD/OSI Peer Support Group, a Youth Of Parents who Experience Occupational Trauma Program, Support Group for LGBTQ Youth, and a Parent Peer Support Group. They also hold many community events to help support mental health initiatives.

## Media

Most broadcast media transmitting in the Pembroke area are rebroadcasters of stations from Ottawa, Arnprior or Toronto. CHVR-FM is the only broadcast station directly based in the Pembroke area itself. Pembroke also remains CHRO-TV's official city of license, although the station currently operates out of studios in Ottawa.

### Radio

| Frequency | Call sign | Branding | Format | Owner | Notes |
| FM 88.7 | CBOF-FM-9 | Ici Radio-Canada Première | news/talk | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | French (Chapeau, Quebec) (Soon to be relocating to Pembroke, Ontario) Rebroadcaster of CBOF-FM Ottawa |
| FM 92.5 | CBCD-FM | CBC Radio One | Talk radio, public radio | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | Rebroadcaster of CBO-FM Ottawa |
| FM 96.7 | CHVR-FM | Pure Country 96.7 | Country music | Bell Media | |
| FM 99.9 | CKQB-FM-1 | Jump! 106.9 | contemporary hit radio | Corus Entertainment | Rebroadcaster of CKQB-FM Ottawa |
| FM 100.7 | CHRI-FM-2 | | Christian | Christian Hit Radio Inc. | Rebroadcaster of CHRI-FM Ottawa |
| FM 101.9 | CHIP-FM | | Community radio | La Radio du Pontiac Inc. | Broadcasts from Fort Coulonge, Quebec |
| FM 104.9 | CIMY-FM | myFM | adult contemporary | My Broadcasting Corporation | |

### Television

Except for CIVP-DT, all channels listed below are available on Cogeco, the local cable system for Pembroke.
| OTA channel | Call sign | Network | Notes |
| 5 | CHRO-TV | CTV Two | |
| 23 | CIVP-DT | Télé-Québec | (from Chapeau, Quebec; rebroadcasts CIVM-DT, Montreal) |
| 47 | CJOH-TV-47 | CTV | (analogue rebroadcaster of CJOH-DT Ottawa) |
* Cogeco Cable 12: TV Cogeco

#### Defunct stations

Former over-the-air television stations:
| OTA channel | Call sign | Network | Notes |
| 3 | CBOT-TV-6 | CBC Television | Deep River/Pembroke |
| 11 | CBOFT-TV-1 | Ici Radio-Canada Télé | (from Chapeau, Quebec; rebroadcasts CBOFT-DT, Ottawa) |
| 17 | CHLF-TV-13 | Télévision française de l'Ontario (TFO) | |
| 29 | CICE-TV-16 | TVOntario (TVO) | |

### Print

The city's main daily newspaper was The Daily Observer. The Observer ceased print publication in 2018 and is now exclusively online.

## Notable people

* Jason Blaine, singer-songwriter
* Sarah Boudens, rower and kayaker
* Harry Cameron, hockey player
* Hec Clouthier, politician
* Bruce Cockburn, singer-songwriter
* Tom Green, comedian and actor
* Wendy Jocko, former chief of the Algonquins of Pikwakanagan First Nation
* Hugh Lehman, hockey player
* Robert James Manion, politician
* Paul Martin Sr., lawyer and politician
* Carol Anne Meehan, broadcaster
* Richard John Neuhaus, priest and editor
* Frank Nighbor, hockey player
* Dan O'Connor, politician and prospector
* Wayne Rostad, singer-songwriter
* Patrick Thomas Stone, lawyer
* Bob Stutt, puppeteer
* Peter Togni, composer
* Jolan Wong, sitting volleyball player
* Jordon Zadorozny, singer-songwriter