OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gloria Laycock

Gloria Laycock OBE was the founding Director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science at University College London (UCL), and ran UCL's Centre for Security & Crime Science. She is an internationally renowned expert in crime prevention, and especially situational approaches which seek to design out situations which provoke crime.
She was born in New Brighton and raised in Liverpool, England, and graduated in Psychology from UCL in 1968. She began her career as a prison psychologist, and in 1975 she completed her PhD, working at Wormwood Scrubs prison in West London. Building on her PhD research, she commenced work in the late 1970s at the Home Office Research Unit where she stayed for over thirty years, dedicating the last twenty to research and development in the policing and crime prevention fields.
She founded the Home Office Police Research Group, and edited its publications on policing and crime prevention for seven years. Alongside working in Britain, she has been a consultant on policing and crime prevention in North and South America, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, South Africa, the UAE and Europe. She was an advisor to HEUNI, a UN affiliated crime prevention organisation based in Helsinki from 2001 until 2012.
In 1999 she was awarded an International Fellowship by the United States National Institute of Justice in Washington DC, followed by a four-month consultancy at the Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra. She returned to the UK to become the founding director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science in 2001. The institute engages a wide range of sciences and design experts in cross-disciplinary work in collaboration with police and industry to find new ways to reduce crime.
Professor Laycock's contributions cover a wide range of policing and crime prevention topics, including the development of a research programme on repeat crime victimisation. The prevention of repeat victimisation became an important indicator of policing performance and effectiveness in the United Kingdom.
In 2010 she left UCL on special leave and was appointed to improve policing in the United Arab Emirates. In 2013 she returned to UCL where she is now the Jill Dando Professor of Crime Science.
She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "No. 58729". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 June 2008. p. 11.
# Irządze, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Irządze (translation: And I rule) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jemielno, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Jemielno, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Góra, and 67 km (42 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Keith Calhoun and Chandra McCormick

Keith Calhoun (born January 1, 1955) and Chandra McCormick (born August 27, 1957) are American husband-and-wife team photographers from New Orleans, Louisiana. Calhoun moved to Los Angeles during his teenage years, where he attended Los Angeles Community College, working at KCET public radio station before returning to New Orleans to open a portrait studio.
McComick and Calhoun met in 1978 when McCormick had her portrait made. Soon after, she became his apprentice, then collaborator and wife.

## Hurricane Katrina

McCormick hatim and Calhoun relocated temporarily to Houston during Hurricane Katrina, documenting the state of the refugee shelters while there. When they returned, their home was destroyed and almost two-thirds of their photographic archive had been damaged. The water shifted the color or cracked the film, creating an unintended artistic effect. The damaged images have been in the shows "Gone" and "Pitch White".
In 2007 the couple opened a community arts center, called L9 Center for the Arts in the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans. The center serves as a gallery space, a performing arts center.

## Style and work

McCormick and Calhoun document the way of life in the African American communities in the Lower Ninth Ward in New Orleans and rural Louisiana. The photographers document every aspect of life in disappearing communities, capturing daily life, celebrations, rituals, and labor to preserve cultural histories. They have referred to themselves as "keepers of the culture".
Photographing mostly in black and white, they take both individual and group portraits. Their photographs cross into social commentary.
They have photographed dock workers, sugar cane workers, and incarcerated people.

### Angola State Penitentiary

From the 1980s onward, they documented the African-American men imprisoned at Angola State Penitentiary, collaborating with songwriter Aaron Neville, for a body of work called "Slavery: The Prison Industrial Complex", which has been displayed in their 2014 show at Prospect New Orleans

## Exhibitions

November 3, 2018 – February 10, 2019: "Labor Studies" Contemporary Arts Center (New Orleans)
Feb 23 – May 28, 2018: "Slavery, the Prison Industrial Complex: Photographs by Keith Calhoun and Chandra McCormick" Frist Art Museum
June 9 – November 22, 2015: All the World's Futures, 56th la Biennale di Venezia in Venice Italy an exhibition curated by Okwui Enwezor.
October 25, 2014 – January 25, 2015: "Angola: The Prison a series at Prospect 3 Art Biennial in New Orleans, on display at the Ogden Museum of Southern Art titled Slavery: The Prison Industrial Complex.

## Public Lectures

December 12, 2019: Keynote Lecture, PhotoNola Festival, New Orleans Museum of Art
November 6, 2019: "Louisiana Medley: The Social Justice Photography of Chandra McCormick and Keith Calhoun," Harvard Art Museums
September 16, 2016: "Photography and Social Activism" Whitney Museum of Art
January 9, 2013: Pratt Photography Lectures, Pratt Institute, New York
# Samuel Sulami

Rabbi Samuel Sulami, also known as Samuel of Escaleta, was a French Talmudist, poet, and philanthropist of the fourteenth century. Sulami took an active role in the Maimonidean controversies of 1300-1306.

## Biography

He lived in Narbonne, and later in Perpignan. While in Narbonne, he engaged in a halachic discussion with Rabbi Shlomo ibn Aderet about coinage that was devalued by 25%.

### Maimonidean controversies

This controversy was primarily about using philosophical allegorical interpretations and subsidizing of the Torah's authority with Aristotle. Abba Mari of Lunel approached Shlomo ibn Aderet of Barcelona to ban this philosophical approach. Ibn Aderet himself, however, had engaged in astral magic earlier in his life and denied that it was in any way offensive to halakha. Nonetheless, in 1305 ibn Aderet issued a local ban against extreme allegory and the study of Greek physics and metaphysics by anyone under the age of 25.
Menachem Meiri and Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi, rejected this ban, as well as accusations for lax observance.
Sulami demonstrated his support for the philosophical approach by hosting Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim of Villefranche, a proponent of that view, in his house at Perpignan.
Despite pressure from Shlomo ibn Aderet, he did not abandon Levi.
Crescas Vidal defended Sulami and Levi, stating that Sulami was a pious man, and that based on information he received from Marseille, Levi was also pious and just, following the Torah and only engaged in philosophical studies in order to argue against hereitcs. He further stated that all the negative things that had been said about these two men were pure slander; because, if it were true that Levi had deviated from the straight path, Samuel Sulami would not have welcomed him into his house.

## Personal life

However, after Sulami's daughter died, he believed that it was Divine punishment for supporting natural philosophy and he withdrew his support and hospitality from Levi.
The misfortunes that befell Sulami seem to have led to a change in his religious attitude. Whereas formerly, supported the study of philosophy, now, he joined ibn Aderet in forbidding the young to study the sciences and the allegoric interpretation of the Biblical narratives.

## Reception

Attesting to his greatness, Menachem Meiri praised Sulami as one of the renowned halachists of Languedoc.
   From Perpignan to Marseilles there is not another who can be compared with Samuel Sulami in knowledge of the Law, benevolence, piety and humility. He gives charity in secret, his house is open to every traveler; and he is indefatigable in getting books for his collection.
We know nothing more about Sulami, except that Jacob of Provence considered him one of the first poets of Provence. However, none of Sulami's poetry remains extant.

## Etymology of his name

Geiger explains the etymology of the name Sulami. Sulam means ladder. He therefore claims that Samuel came from La Escula or Les Échelles. This is why Graetz refers to him as Samuel of Escaleta. Renan and Neubauer claim it is more likely he came from La Escala in the province of Girona.
# Sterkia

Sterkia is a genus of minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks which were formerly classified in the family Pupillidae now in the family Vertiginidae instead.

## Species

Species within the genus Sterkia include:
* Sterkia antillensis Pilsbry, 1920
* Sterkia bakeri Pilsbry, 1921
* Sterkia eyriesii (Drouët, 1859) – Caribbean Birddrop

### Synonyms

* Sterkia calamitosa (Pilsbry, 1889) – Mexican birddrop: synonym of Vertigo calamitosa (Pilsbry, 1889)
* Sterkia clementina (Sterki, 1890) – insular birddrop: synonym of Vertigo clementina (Sterki, 1890) (superseded combination)
* Sterkia hemphilli (Sterki, 1890) – California Birddrop: synonym of Vertigo hemphilli (Sterki, 1890) (superseded combination)
# Saldutiškis

Saldutiškis is a small town in northeastern Lithuania. According to the Lithuanian census of 2021, it had 261 residents.
Its alternate names include Syłgudyszki (Polish language), Saldutishkis, Trunkuny, and Saldatiškio.

## History

The village was first mentioned in the late 18th century, when the property and manor of the Jaloveckis (Jałowiecki) family were recorded. Two of its most famous members were General Boleslovas Jaloveckis (August 10, 1846 - July 10, 1918) and his son Mieczysław (December 2, 1876– March 10, 1962), a diplomat for the interwar Polish government of the Second Polish Republic and a known agronomist. Bolesław established a park, rich in tree variety. The settlement began to grow after a narrow gauge railway between Panevėžys and Švenčionėliai was built in 1899. Its train station was built in the traditional Zakopane Style of Architecture. The Panevėžys-Saldutiškis railway was the object of the 1938–1939 Panevėžys-Saldutiškis Railway Case of the Permanent Court of International Justice between Estonia and Lithuania.
During World War I, the manor was abandoned and looted. In the aftermath of World War I, the village became part of the independent Lithuanian state. In the independent Lithuania, Jałowiecki family was unable to regain their estates, and Mieczysław settled in Poland. In the 1920s the former Jałowiecki's manor was converted into administrative offices and a primary school while the former barn was converted into a parish church. According to the 1923 census, there were 79 residents in Saldutiškis. As the settlement grew, an agricultural school and foresters office was moved into the town. A sawmill provided electricity for the town and surrounding settlements.
On July 3 and August 4, 1941, German Einsatzgruppen and Lithuanian collaborators executed the Jews from Saldutiškis. The remaining Jews from the city were shot at the military training grounds in Švenčionėliai.
After World War II, several collective farms (kolkhozy) were established and primary school was converted into secondary. Saldutiškis had 309 residents in 1957, 388 in 1970, and 434 in 1979.
On July 30, 2002, the President of Lithuania confirmed the coat of arms of the town. The arms depict a silver deer with two pine branches with golden cones instead of antlers. These are symbols of the nearby Labanoras Forest, the largest forest in Lithuania.
# Marquis de Faudoas

Paul-Eugène Marquis de Faudoas-Barbazan (18 May 1788 – 13 September 1844) was a French officer who participated in the French conquest of Algeria.

## Family

The Marquis de Faudoas married on 24 September 1833 with Julia-Maria Bowen.
This couple then gave birth to two daughters named successively Marie-Julie-Eugénie de Faudoas and Marguerite de Faudoas.

## Training

The Marquis de Faudoas received his military training as an officer cadet in the École d'application de l'artillerie et du génie in Fontainebleau from 29 September 1803.

## Military career

The Marquis de Faudoas began his military career with the post of aide-de-camp and then ordainer of Savary from 1807 to 1811.
Successively, he obtained a promotion to the rank of colonel of the 3rd Lancers Regiment and of the 25th Hunter Regiment during the year 1813.
He actively participated in the command of the 4th regiment of hunters during the Hundred Days period in France during the year 1815.
He began a long period of non-activity from 1815 to 1823, before being recalled again to the French Army in the rank of Colonel of the 3rd regiment of hunters on 30 July 1823.
He was promoted to the rank of Maréchal de camp on 22 February 1829.

## French conquest of Algeria

The Marquis was recalled to Algeria in the year 1832 to work for the pacification of Mitidja against the permanent insurrection of the Algerians against the French military occupation.
On 6 April 1832, he commanded with the Colonel Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg an expedition of horsemen to the bank of Oued El Harrach east of the Casbah of Algiers, which ended in the Massacre of El Ouffia the next day.
He organized a battle in Boufarik on 2 October 1837 which ended in the defeat of the Algerians and the loss of 500 rebels.

## Return to France

Back in France, he was awarded the rank of Lieutenant general on 24 August 1838, and he took command of the 11th Military Division on 27 October 1841.

## Death

The Marquis de Faudoas died in Bordeaux on 13 September 1844 at the age of 56 and was buried in a cemetery in the city.

## Gallery

* Anne Jean Marie René Savary
* Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg
* Massacre of El Ouffia (1832)
# Waves (Rachel Platten album)

Waves is the fourth studio album and second major record label album by American singer and songwriter Rachel Platten. It was released on October 27, 2017.

## Singles

The album's lead single, "Broken Glass", was released on August 18, 2017.

## Release and promotion

On October 4, 2017, Platten announced Waves via Twitter. "Perfect for You" was released as the album's first promotional single on October 6, 2017. "Collide" was released as the second promotional single on October 20, 2017.
The album was released on October 27, 2017, worldwide, with a standard track edition with 13 songs, released to retailers and digital download and streaming services. A deluxe edition with three extra songs was released exclusively to Target stores in the United States.

## Commercial performance

Waves debuted at number 73 on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 8,000 units which was a significant drop in comparison to her previous album Wildfire which debuted at number 5 with sales of 45,000.

## Track listing

Notes
* signifies a vocal producer

## Charts

Chart performance for Waves :
| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 142 |
| South Korean Albums Overseas (Gaon) | 30 |
| US Billboard 200 | 73 |
# Renwu District

22°41′49″N 120°21′28″E﻿ / ﻿22.697021°N 120.357773°E﻿ / 22.697021; 120.357773
Renwu District or Jenwu District (Chinese: 仁武區; pinyin: Rénwǔ Qū; Wade–Giles: Jen$^2$-wu$^3$ Ch'ü$^1$) is a district of Kaohsiung City in southern Taiwan.

## History

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, Renwu was organized as a rural township of Kaohsiung County. On 25 December 2010, Kaohsiung County was merged with Kaohsiung City and Renwu was upgraded to a district of the city.

## Geography

It has 97,155 inhabitants as of October 2023 and an area of 36.0808 km$^2$.

## Administrative divisions

The district consists of Dawan, Wannei, Kaotan, Wulin, Renfu, Renwu, Wenwu, Zhuhou, Bagua, Gaonan, Houan, Zhonghua, Wuhe, Renhe, Chishan and Renci Village.

## Infrastructures

* Renwu Refuse Incineration Plant

## Transportation

Renwu is served by National Freeway 1 and National Freeway 10, as well as Provincial Highway 1. Taiwan Railways Administration's Western Trunk line and Taiwan High Speed Rail both pass through Renwu, but no station is currently planned.
# Lake City, Illinois

Lake City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Moultrie County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 69.

## Geography

Lake City is in northwestern Moultrie County along Illinois Route 32, which forms the northeast edge of the community. IL 32 leads 5.5 miles (8.9 km) southeast to Lovington and 15 miles (24 km) to Sullivan, the county seat, while to the north it leads 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to U.S. Route 36 at La Place. Decatur is 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Lake City.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Lake City CDP has an area of 0.39 square miles (1.01 km$^2$), all land. The community is in the drainage area of Stringtown Branch, which flows southeast to the West Okaw River, part of the Kaskaskia River watershed.

## Demographics

Lake City first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.
# E3 Civic High School

e3 Civic High is a free public charter high school serving grades 9 through 12, located in the San Diego Central Library.

## History

The City of San Diego had been studying the possibility of a new central library for years, and a site had been identified, but funding was insufficient. In April 2010 the city and the school district reached an agreement to house a school in leased space within the library; the district's rent payments would help to make the new downtown library financially possible. The sixth and seventh floors of the library, amounting to 76,000 square feet (7,100 m$^2$), were designed from the outset as a school. The city approved construction plans for the library in June 2010. A petition for a new charter high school, initially referred to as Downtown Charter High, was submitted to the San Diego Unified School District in September 2010. Several other charter petitions were also filed, but the school district chose Downtown Charter and approved the application in August 2011. The name was later changed to e3 Civic High (for "engage, educate, empower").
The new library and the school both opened in September 2013. The initial enrollment consisted of 260 students in the 9th and 10th grades. Additional 9th graders were added in 2014 and 2015; as of the 2015–16 school year the enrollment is 403, with a target total enrollment of approximately 500 students. The first senior class graduated in June 2016.

## School operation

The school is open to all high school students in San Diego County. Students must submit an application to attend. If more applications are received than there are available slots, students are accepted by lottery, with preference given to students from within the school district and particularly those whose neighborhood high school is identified as underperforming.
The school design includes variably sized rooms and open spaces. Most of the rooms have modular glass walls and movable furniture intended to facilitate collaboration among students and between students and teachers. It is described as looking "more like a Starbucks and less like a school." Library patrons can see inside the school, though they cannot access it; the school has a separate entrance and separate elevators.
The curriculum incorporates internships and other real-world experiences with downtown businesses, organizations and facilities. Local college students and library staff augment the faculty by mentoring students and teaching them research skills. Students choose one of the school's two pre-professional pathways: biomedical health or digital media. Students can graduate with both a high school diploma and a community college degree.
The school does not have a sports program, although it does have exercise facilities, and there is some access to outdoor activities at nearby Petco Park.
# Shree Navatandham

Shree Navatandham (Nepali: श्री नवतनधाम) is a holy shrine of the Pranami Sampraday in Nepal.

## Typonomy

The temple is named after 'Shree 5 Navatanpuri Dham', the main shrine of the Pranami Sampraday.
# At the Hub

At the Hub (Hebrew: בַּעֲבִי הַשִּׁיר: מבחר שירים, tr. Ba-'avi ha-shir: Mivhar shirim) is a lengthy 2007 Hebrew political poem written by Uri Zvi Greenberg and edited by Dan Miron and Greenberg's widow Aliza Greenberg–Tur-Malka [he]. Its publishing was made possible with the help of the Menachem Begin Heritage Center, the Israeli Ministry of Education, the Israeli Ministry of Culture and Sport, the Yehoshua Rabinovich Foundation for the Arts, Tel Aviv [he], and, the Mifal HaPais Council for the Culture and Arts [he].

## Reception

Writing for the liberal newspaper Haaretz, Ariel Hirschfeld [he] from Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Hebrew literature department called the poem "one of the highest peaks of Hebrew poetry", and compared Greenberg's work to those of Hayim Nahman Bialik, Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Dahlia Ravikovitch, James Joyce, Dr. Nathan Zach, Franz Kafka, Dr. Yitzhak Laor, W. B. Yeats, William Faulkner, Osip Mandelstam, and, Rainer Maria Rilke, "as, his work is equal to theirs," adding that the poem "is a wellspring of rare beauty and wisdom," and is "the most profound confrontation written in Hebrew with man's breakdown during the 20th century, including the dissolution of European Jewry during World War II, which is man's shattered mirror."
Also writing for Haaretz, critic Dr. Oreet Meital opined that Dr. Miron attempted, via the aforementioned footnotes, to depoliticize Greenberg's poem: "Uri Zvi Greenberg's poetry should not lose, upon moving from the fringes to the mainstream, its provocative, violent, and, paradoxical nature, for, its canonization, especially if done so tendentiously and deliberately, is a castrating mechanism working against the text's subversiveness and against the wild dimension which is part of its magic and essence. Hence, one should be wary of this whitewashing rendering Uri Zvi Greenberg anemic."
Writing for the right-leaning magazine Nativ: A Journal of Politics and the Arts [he], critic Dr. Yoram Beck [he] underscored that "at a time during which talks of a clash of civilizations are common, Uri Zvi Greenberg's ideas seem relevant more and more, however, we still do not completely understand their implications," for, "Uri Zvi Greenberg's poetry is a poetry of heights, a poetry of a deep soul which demands, both from itself and from others, extraordinary demands, and, one cannot be at the presence of this poetry comfortably. This poetry, first and foremost (surprisingly!), is bestowed by a zest for life — not a hedonistic but an ecstatic one — and, it embraces all layers of life: from the mundane to the historical, from the material to the spiritual, from the erotic to the religious. Uri Zvi Greenberg constructs his poetry out of all of life. This is a poetry of complete freedom, in which the poet allows himself (this is the correct expression) to use all registers, all associations, and, all literary forms, in order to express himself," as, "this is a poetry of loneliness."
# Caminicella

Caminicella is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, thermophilic, heterotrophic, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae with one known species (Caminicella sporogenes).