OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Howard Bernard Gotlieb

Howard Bernard Gotlieb, Ph.D. (October 24, 1926 – December 1, 2005) was an American archivist, and the founding director of Special Collections at Boston University, which was established as an archive center in 1963. In 2003, the center was renamed The Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center in his honor. Gotlieb acquired substantial holdings to the archive from individuals who played a significant part in the fields of journalism, literature, film, and political and religious movements. The archive includes historical documents donated by individuals such as letters written by Bette Davis, important papers from Martin Luther King Jr. donated before the Selma to Montgomery marches, jokes written by Groucho Marx, Fred Astaire’s tap dancing shoes, hundreds of documents from Dan Rather, and notes for a book first titled "Great White" that was later changed to "Jaws" written by Peter Benchley.
Gotlieb worked at Yale prior to becoming the director of Special Collections at Boston University in 1963. Since that time, the BU's collection has grown to over 140,000 rare books.

## Early life and education

Gotlieb was born October 24, 1926, in a small Jewish community in Bangor, Maine. His parents were Maurice and Eva (née Goldstein) Gotlieb. He collected stamps as a child and discovered archival work as a member of the US Army Signal Corps in postwar Germany, where his job was gathering the papers of Nazi officials.
Gotlieb earned a bachelor's degree in history from George Washington University, in Washington, DC, a master's degree in history from Columbia University in New York and a doctorate in international relations from Oxford.

## Career

After working for several years as a foreign correspondent for a small press agency in Europe, Gotlieb was hired by Yale as a teaching associate in history and as an archivist of historical manuscripts.
He then worked as a curator of historical manuscripts at Yale and published a biography of William Beckford. He moved to work at Boston University in 1963 where he became founding director of Special Collections.

## Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center

Boston University's rare book and manuscript collections are held in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, formerly called the Twentieth Century Archives. The Research Center was renamed in his honor on the 40th anniversary of his appointment. It is housed in the Mugar Library and is open to the public for research and viewing. Gotlieb's extensive correspondence, said to fill 100 filing cabinets, is being catalogued for availability by researchers.

## Death

Gotlieb died December 1, 2005, at a Boston hospital at the age of 79. According to the university, the cause of death was complications from surgery. Private funeral services were held where he was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
# Soil-surface roughness

Soil-surface roughness (SSR) are vertical variations present in the micro- and macro-relief of a soil surface, as well as their statistical distribution.
There are four distinct classes of SSR, each one of them representing a characteristic vertical length scale; the first class includes microrelief variations from individual soil grains to aggregates on the order of 0.053–2.0 mm; the second class consists of variations due to soil clods ranging between 2 and 100 mm; the third class of soil surface roughness is systematic elevation differences due to tillage, referred to as oriented roughness (OR), ranging between 100 and 300 mm; the fourth class includes planar curvature, or macro-scale topographic features.
The two first classes account for the so-called microroughness, which has been shown to be largely influenced on an event and seasonal timescale by rainfall and tillage, respectively. Microroughness is most commonly quantified by means of the Random Roughness, which is essentially the standard deviation of bed surface elevation data around the mean elevation, after correction for slope using the best-fit plane and removal of tillage effects in the individual height readings. Rainfall impact can lead to either a decay or increase in microroughnesss, depending upon initial microroughness conditions and soil properties.
On rough soil surfaces, the action of rainsplash detachment tends to smoothen the edges of soil surface roughness, leading to an overall decrease in RR. However, a recent study which examined the response of smooth soil surfaces on rainfall showed that RR can considerably increase for low initial microroughness length scales in the order of 0 – 5 mm. It was also shown that the increase or decrease is consistent among various SSR indices.
# Hampden Coit DuBose

Hampden Coit DuBose (30 September 1845 in Darlington, South Carolina – 22 March 1910 in Suzhou) was a Presbyterian missionary in China with the American Presbyterian Mission (South) and founder of the Anti-Opium League in China. Rev. Dr. Hampden Coit DuBose was the son of Rev. Julius Jesse DuBose and Margaret Eliza Thompson, married Pauline McAlpine, daughter of Augustine Irving McAlpine and Martha Clisby and had seven children with her.

## Career

DuBose was born in South Carolina and a graduated from Columbia Theological Seminary. He and his wife Pauline went to China as missionaries with the Southern Presbyterian Church in 1872 and settled in Suzhou along the Grand Canal of China. His Chinese name is Du Buxi 杜步西.
As a witness of the destructive problems of opium addiction in China, he was moved to join with other likeminded missionaries and Christian medical workers to form the Anti-Opium League in China. DuBose was its first president. In 1899 the League published a seminal book called Opinions of Over 100 Physicians on the Use of Opium in China. The book illustrated the purpose of the league and published facts about the opium abuse crisis that ultimately influenced public opinion against the trade. DuBose eventually gained the support of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, the U.S. Congress, and the International Opium Commission. In 1906 the League achieved success when the British Parliament declared that the trade was "morally indefensible." DuBose circulated a petition signed by over a thousand missionaries in China and it was presented to the Guangxu Emperor. In turn the Emperor issued an imperial edict, following verbatim the petition Dubose had drafted, which prohibited the trade and abuse of opium.
In a letter to U.S. Senator John L. McLaurin he called upon the U.S. to own its responsibility for the opium trade, in that, along with Great Britain it had profited at the expense of the Chinese. He asserted:
   …opium has no judicious use…save as administered by a physician
DuBose was memorialized in Suzhou by a stone tablet and in the United States by being elected moderator of the General Assembly of the Southern Presbyterian Church in 1891. DuBose's missionary career in Suzhou lasted 38 years until his death in 1910.

## Works authored

* Hampden Coit DuBose, Preaching in Sinim: The Gospel to the Gentiles, with Hints and Helps for Addressing a Heathen Audience (1873)
* Hampden Coit DuBose, The Dragon, the Image, and the Demon: Or the Three Religions of China Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism (1887)
* Hampden Coit DuBose, Memoirs of Dr. J. Leighton Wilson (1895)
* Hampdon Coit DuBose, Beautiful Soo, the Capital of Kiangsu (1899)
* Hampden Coit DuBose, sermons (Chinese language)
* Hampden Coit DuBose, Bible study aids (Chinese language)
* Hampden Coit DuBose, 三教問答 = A catechism of the three religions of China (Shanghai, 1888).
# Watson McMillan Hayes

Watson McMillan Hayes (Chinese: 赫士; pinyin: Hèshì, November 23, 1857 – August 2, 1944) was an American Presbyterian missionary and educator in China.

## Biography

Watson M. Hayes was the son of David Hayes (born April 6, 1832, killed in February 1865 in the American Civil War) and Margaret Jane (Watson) Hayes (born June 28, 1828). He graduated from Allegheny College and entered Western Seminary, Pittsburgh in 1879.
On August 15, 1882, he was ordained and sent to China in the same year. He taught at Tengchow College and later served as its president in present-day Penglai, Shandong. In 1901, he was invited by Yuan Shikai to organize Shandong College, the forerunner of Shandong University and the second modern university in China. With the backing of Yuan Shikai, he also published Shandong's first successful newspaper (Shantung Times, Chinese: 山东时报; pinyin: Shāndōng Shíbào) and petitioned the Qing court to grant a holiday on Sundays for government schools and colleges; Shandong College was closed on Sundays right from the start. However, by the end of 1901, Hayes and six Chinese Christian teachers he had brought with him had resigned already over disagreements regarding the policy of mandatory Confucius worship for students of the college. After that, Hayes went on to teach at the Presbyterian Mission Theological College in Cheefoo (Yantai).
When the Shandong Christian University was formed through an agreement between the Northern Presbyterian mission and the English Baptist mission, Haynes became the dean of the Theological College in 1916. However, after theological conflicts arose in the college due to the fundamentalist-modernist controversy, Haynes was asked to resign in 1919. He would later be appointed as the principal of the newly formed North China Theological Seminary.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, W. M. Hayes, together with his wife (Margaret Young Hayes) and one of his sons (John David Hayes), was held as a prisoner in the Weihsien (Weixian) Internment Camp, a civilian assembly center operated by the Japanese on the premises of a former Presbyterian mission in the present-day town of Weifang. Hayes was forced to leave from his home for the camp in March 1943. He refused to be repatriated under the "Prisoners Exchange Project" organized by the International Red Cross. Suffering from diabetes, W. M. Hayes died in the camp on August 2, 1944, a bit more than one year before the camp was liberated by the Americans on August 12, 1945.
W. M. Hayes' son John D. Hayes (1888–1957), continued to work as a missionary and English teacher in China until he was arrested and tried as a spy in 1951. After 10 months in jail, he was expelled from China. His trial in China was the topic of an article ("The Brainwashing of John Hayes", written by Frederic Sondern, Jr) published in Reader's Digest (July 1955) and a television drama of the same title (teleplay by George Bruce, aired on TV Reader's Digest by ABC on 7 November 1955) in which Hayes was portrayed by the actor Vincent Price.
# Runkeeper

Runkeeper is a GPS fitness-tracking app for iOS and Android launched in 2008. In late 2011, Runkeeper secured $10 million in a Series B financing, led by Spark Capital. In February 2016, Runkeeper was acquired by Asics.

## Criticism and controversy

In May 2016, the Runkeeper software came to the attention of the Norwegian Consumer Council for breaching European data protection laws. It is alleged to continue tracking user's locations after the application is terminated and to share this information with advertisers in ways that exceed the bounds of the application's terms and conditions.
# Birds Do It

Birds Do It is a 1966 comedy film directed by Andrew Marton and starring Soupy Sales, Tab Hunter, Arthur O'Connell, Edward Andrews and Beverly Adams. It was made by Columbia Pictures and filmed at the Ivan Tors Studios in Miami.

## Plot

The film opens with a series of unsuccessful assassination attempts by an unknown organisation with their target being Melvin Byrd. Byrd is a janitor in a NASA laboratory headed by Major General Smithburn with his security officer being an inept bungler, Lt. Porter. Porter is captured and impersonated by an enemy double from the same organization attempting to kill Byrd.
The head scientist Professor Waid has employed Byrd due to his excellent janitorial skills as Waid blames American space program failures on dust that caused disasters. Byrd parodies the Ajax "stronger than dirt" white knight commercial when cleaning the base.
Waid's secret project is developing an ionisation process initially to be tested on a chimpanzee that would make the subject capable of anti-gravity with a side effect that not only gives him the ability to fly, but makes him "the most attractive man" on Earth. When General Smithburn leads a Congressional delegation who are in Florida due to European junkets being cancelled, Byrd hides in the ionization machine, causing him to be ionized. In addition to losing the ability to stay on the ground for longer than brief periods, Byrd finds himself forced to fight off the attentions of a Congresswoman and Waid's daughter Claudine as well as the assassins.

## Cast

* Soupy Sales as Melvin Byrd
* Tab Hunter as Lt. Porter
* Arthur O'Connell as Prof. Wald
* Edward Andrews as Gen. Smithburn
* Doris Dowling as Congresswoman Clanger
* Beverly Adams as Claudine Wald
* Louis Quinn as Sgt. Shan
* Warren Day as Curtis

## Production

Producer Ivan Tors filmed Birds Do It at his Miami studios with cameos provided by Dean Martin (Columbia's Matt Helm), Flipper, director Andrew Marton as himself, and a Cary Grant impersonator played by Ray Anthony.
Sales was vocal in his dislike for the film,his only starring role. It was also the next-to-last film in Marton's long directing career.
In his memoirs Sales said the film "is now shown in six states as capital punishment." He claimed to have rejected the script at first "and I rejected it at first, because God knows you have to protect yourself in this business — people only blame who they see on screen, not the writers or directors." Then he added "once it was rewritten, Birds Do It wasn’t such a terrible picture."
The special effects of Byrd flying are in the style of the Hertz Rent-A-Car commercials of the time. One sequence featured Byrd being attacked by skydivers in a sequence reminiscent of the pre-credits sequence of Moonraker with Byrd's stunt double wearing a parachute under his sport coat.
# Lucecita (TV series)

Lucecita is a Venezuelan telenovela starred by Marina Baura, José Bardina, Esperanza Magaz and Ivonne Attas. It was produced and broadcast on Venevisión for about a year and a half, spanning 1967–1968. The original story, written by Delia Fiallo, has inspired several variations and adaptations through the years, most of them by Fiallo, both for television and cinema. In 1972, Venevisión aired its own remake.

## Summary

This story is strongly based in the Cinderella mold. Yet, there are major aspects on the adaptation that make this Spanish soap opera one of the best in the history of telenovelas.
Baura makes a great performance of Lucecita, a naïve girl that leaves her impoverished, rural home to work as a maid for a wealthy and feuding family, who own a cattle-ranching land.
At this point, the man of the house is Gustavo (played by Bardina), who is married to Angelina, She is a woman pretending to be paralyzed, in order to manipulate the feelings of her husband and prevent him from leaving. But while working there, Lucecita falls in love with Gustavo. Then Angelina discovers the romance between Lucecita and Gustavo; she is full of hatred and jealousy, but after learning that Lucecita is her half-sister, her hatred towards her is even harder. But really, here is where real problems begin to arise.
Solid performances by Magaz as Modesta, Lucecita's loyal best friend, and Attas for her role of Angelina. Both reprised their respective roles in tn the 1972 version.

## Main cast

* Marina Baura as Lucecita
* José Bardina as Gustavo
* Esperanza Magaz as Modesta
* Ivonne Attas as Angelina

## Additional cast

    In alphabetical order
* Hilda Breer
* Olga Castillo
* María Eugenia Domínguez
* Gioia Lombardini
* Oscar Mendoza
* Hugo Pimentel
* Suyin Rosa
* Soraya Sanz
* Orlando Urdaneta

## Chronology

| Year of release | Title | Country | Version | Production company | Main roles |
| 1967 | Lucecita | Venezuela | TV series | Venevisión | Marina Baura José Bardina |
| 1968 | Estrellita, esa pobre campesina | Argentina | TV series | Proartel C.A. | Martha González Germán Kraus |
| 1972 | Lucecita | Venezuela | TV series | Venevisión | Ada Riera Humberto García |
| 1976 | Lucecita | Spain/Argentina | Film | K Films S.A. | Analía Gadé Juan Luis Galiardo |
| 1987 | Estrellita mía | Argentina | TV series | Crustel S.A. | Alicia Aller Aldo Barbero |
| 1994 | Lucerito | Colombia | TV series | Coestrellas | Linda Lucía Callejas Javier Sáenz |
| 1998 | Luz María | Peru | TV series | América Televisión | Angie Cepeda Christian Meier |
# Legion (demons)

In the New Testament, Legion (Ancient Greek: λεγιών) is a group of demons, particularly those in two of three versions of the exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac, an account in the synoptic Gospels of an incident in which Jesus of Nazareth performs an exorcism. Legion is a large collection of demons that share a single mind and will.

## Development of the story

The earliest version of this story exists in the Gospel of Mark, described as taking place in "the country of the Gerasenes". Jesus encounters a possessed man and calls on the demon to emerge, demanding to know its name – an important element of traditional exorcism practice. He finds the man is possessed by a multitude of demons who give the collective name of "Legion". Fearing that Jesus will drive them out of the world and into the abyss, they beg him instead to cast them into a herd of pigs on a nearby hill, which he does. The pigs then rush into the sea and are drowned (Mark 5:1–5:13).
This story is also in the other two Synoptic Gospels. The Gospel of Luke shortens the story but retains most of the details including the name (Luke 8:26–8:33). The Gospel of Matthew shortens it more dramatically, changes the possessed man to two men (a particular stylistic device of this writer) and changes the location to "the country of the Gadarenes". This is probably because the author was aware that Gerasa is actually around 50 km (31 mi) away from the Sea of Galilee—although Gadara is still 10 km (6.2 mi) away. In this version, the demons are unnamed (Matthew 8:28–8:32).

## Cultural background

According to Michael Willett Newheart, professor of New Testament Language and Literature at the Washington, D.C. Howard University School of Divinity, in a 2004 lecture, the author of the Gospel of Mark could well have expected readers to associate the name Legion with the Roman military formation, active in the area at the time (around 70 AD). The intention may be to show that Jesus is stronger than the occupying force of the Romans. The Biblical scholar Seyoon Kim, however, points out that the Latin legio was commonly used as a loanword in Hebrew and Aramaic to indicate an unspecified but large quantity. In the New Testament text, it is used as a proper name, which is "saturated with meaning". In this sense, it can mean both the size and power of the occupying Roman army as well as a multitude uncounted/ uncountable of demonic spirits. It is the latter sense that has become the common understanding of the term as an adjective in modern English (whereas when used as a noun it indicates the Roman military number, between 3,000 and 6,000 infantry with cavalry; cf. "we are legion" and "we are a legion").
# Esporte Clube Águia Negra

Esporte Clube Águia Negra, usually known simply as Águia Negra or as Águia Negra de Rio Brilhante is a Brazilian football club from Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul state.
As of 2022, Águia Negra is the top ranked team from Mato Grosso do Sul in CBF's national club ranking, being placed 95th overall.

## History

The club was founded on May 30, 1971.
In 2001, Águia Negra won its first title, which was the Mato Grosso do Sul State Championship Second Level, beating Coxim in the final.
In 2007, the club won its second title, which was the Mato Grosso do Sul State Championship. Águia Negra beat CENE in the final. In the same year, the club competed in the Brazilian Championship Third Level, but was eliminated in the second stage. They won the state championship again in 2012.

## Stadium

Águia Negra's stadium is Estádio Ninho da Águia, inaugurated in 2007, with a maximum capacity of 1,500 people.

## Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | BRA | Augusto |
| — | GK | BRA | Cicero |
| — | DF | BRA | Gilson |
| — | DF | BRA | Tininho |
| — | DF | BRA | Adriano |
| — | DF | BRA | Diego |
| — | DF | BRA | Magno |
| — | DF | BRA | Renan |
| — | MF | BRA | Fábio Santos |
| — | MF | BRA | Gilberto |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | BRA | Wiliam |
| — | MF | BRA | Alex Franco |
| — | MF | BRA | Jhonatan |
| — | MF | BRA | Pericles |
| — | MF | BRA | Léo |
| — | MF | BRA | Nelmon |
| — | MF | BRA | Wellingthon |
| — | FW | BRA | Gefinho |
| — | FW | BRA | Murilo |
| — | FW | BRA | Tupanzinho |

## Honours

* Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense
** Winners (4): 2007, 2012, 2019, 2020
** Runners-up (1): 2014
* Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense Série B
** Winners (1): 2001
# VDS

VDS is a three-letter abbreviation which may mean:

## Places

* Vadsø Airport (IATA airport code VDS), Norway
* Vidyasagar railway station (train station code VDS), Jamtara, Jharkhand, India
* Vanderbilt Divinity School, Nashville, Tennessee, US

## Computing

* Virtual dedicated server, a virtual machine set up as a server
* Visual DialogScript, a programming language
* Virtual directory server
* Virtual DMA Services, an API

## Other uses

* Variable depth sonar, an array of towed sonars
* Vehicle Dependability Study
* Village design statement, in English rural planning
* Village Drama Society, a theatrical society founded in England in 1919
* Vaccino Diffondente Salvioli, a tuberculosis vaccine
* Vijay Deverakonda (born 1989), Indian actor
* Verein Deutsche Sprache, the German Language Association
# Charles Kessler

Karl "Charles" Kessler (January 11, 1911 – April 10, 1998) was a Swiss ice hockey player who competed for the Swiss national team at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

## Personal life

His brother, Herbert Kessler, also competed as a member of the national team at the 1936 Games.