OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Linghu An

Linghu An (Chinese: 令狐安; pinyin: Línghú Ān; born October 1946) is a Chinese politician who served as the party secretary of Yunnan from 1997 to 2001 and chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1998 to 2001.
He was a representative of the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 17th CCP Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. He was a delegate to the 9th National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Linghu was born in Zhaowuda League (now Chifeng), Inner Mongolia, in October 1946, while his ancestral home in Pinglu County, Shanxi. In 1965, he entered Beijing Institute of Technology, majoring in infrared ray. After graduating in 1970, he was assigned to Dalian Qianjin Machinery Factory, and worked there until 1977.
He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1965, and got involved in politics in August 1977, when he was appointed an official in the Dalian Machinery Industry Bureau. After that, he successively served in the Dalian Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League of China, Dalian Instrument and Electronic Industry Bureau, Dalian Federation of Trade Unions, and Dalian Economic System Reform Commission. He was appointed executive vice mayor of Dalian in July 1985 and was admitted to member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Dalian Municipal Committee, the city's top authority.
In October 1988, he was transferred to Beijing and appointed director of the General Office of the Ministry of Labor [zh], and one year later he was promoted vice minister, concurrently serving as a member of the State Commission for Economic Restructuring [zh].
In September 1993, he became deputy party secretary of Yunnan, rising to party secretary in August 1997. He also served as chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference between January 1998 and October 2001.
In October 2001, he was chosen as deputy head of the National Audit Office and became a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in October 2007. In March 2013, he took office as vice chairperson of the National People's Congress Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee.

## Works

* 情系彩云南 [Loving Colorful Yunnan] (in Chinese). Kunming, Yunnan: Yunnan People's Publishing House. 2005. ISBN 9787222042964.
# Moab 240

The Moab 240 is an annual ultramarathon in Utah.

## Course

The 239.66 miles (385.70 km) race begins and ends in Moab, Utah, after which it is named, following the trail of the Colorado River. The course has 31,564 feet (9,621 m) of ascent, and covers desert basins as well parts of the Abajo and La Sal mountains. The course time limit is 117 hours.

## History

Founded in 2017, the Moab 240 was created in honor of distance runner Stephen Jones. Prior to 2020 the course was 238 miles (383 km) with 28,893 feet (8,807 m) of ascent.

### Results

| Year | Finishers | Men | Time | Women | Time |
| 2017 | 98 | Sean Nakamura | 67:50:10 | Courtney Dauwalter | 57:55:13 |
| 2018 | 111 | Piotr Hercog | 60:14:47 | Jessica Pekari | 77:26:01 |
| 2019 | 86 | Michael McKnight | 59:30:12 | Sarah Emoto | 81:18:41 |
| 2020 | 127 | Michele Graglia | 61:43:15 | Jessi Morton-Langehaug | 80:09:42 |
| 2021 | 168 | Michael McKnight* | 55:49:58 | Annie Hughes | 68:50:02 |
| 2022 | 167 | Jeff Browning | 57:27:57 | Alyssa Clark | 73:12:29 |
| 2023 | 112 | Jesse Haynes | 70:47:49 | Sally McRae | 86:18:33 |
| 2024 | 129 | Max Jolliffe | 69:22:17 | Sarah Ostaszewski | 76:57:52 |
* Overall winner
# Pierre Bossier Mall

Pierre Bossier Mall is an enclosed shopping mall located at the intersection of Interstate 20 and Airline Drive (Louisiana Highway 3105) in Bossier City, Louisiana, United States. The mall, as is the city in which it is located, is named after early settler Pierre Bossier. In October 1998, the mall was purchased by General Growth Properties, which built and sold it in the 1980s, for $26 million. It is currently managed by The Woodmont Company. Its anchor stores are J. C. Penney, Dillard's, Surge Entertainment by Drew Brees, and Forever 21, formerly Stage, established with the sale in 1994 by Horace Ladymon of the Beall-Ladymon Corporation. The mall had a theater, The Bossier 6. It was opened September 10, 1982 and was operated by AMC. It closed in 2000.
The mall banned smoking on June 1, 1994.
In 2005, Shreveport newspaper The Times reported that Pierre Bossier Mall was one of two local malls to increase sales, bucking the national trends toward the decline of traditional enclosed malls. The mall faced increased competition from newer outdoor shopping centers such as the Louisiana Boardwalk but the hot, humid Louisiana summers helped to drive shoppers to the air conditioned indoor mall. In mid-2012, Virginia College moved into an anchor spot vacated by Service Merchandise in 1999.
For mall walkers, a lap around the Pierre Bossier Mall including all the niches is a half mile.
On June 6, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing in September 2018.
On June 1, 2019, Virginia College closed its doors and the space sat vacant until May 2022, when Surge Entertainment by Drew Brees opened in the former space.
# Nikolajs Mazurs

Nikolajs Mazurs (born 13 October 1980) is a Latvian professional basketball coach.

## Career

From 2007 till 2014 Mazurs was assistant coach for VEF Rīga but at the 2014–2015 season was promoted to head coach. After the season which ended with winning Latvian league gold medal, Mazurs signed for Dynamo Moscow but the team didn't manage to solve financial problems and didn't play, so Mazurs left even before the season started. At the age of 35, he became the head coach of Georgian team B.C. VITA Tbilisi in VTB United League. In May, 2016, Mazurs signed with BC Avtodor but was fired after the first game of the season.
In 2017, he became assistant coach for BC UNICS. Later that year Mazurs signed to become the head coach of BC Parma. After a year and a half he was fired.
In August, 2019, Mazurs became the head coach of BK Ogre After unsuccessful start of the season, he was fired in 2021. Few weeks later he signed with Tartu Ülikool Maks & Moorits.
In the summer of 2023 Mazurs signed a three-year contract with BC Siauliai. Few months later he was fired.

## National teams

Mazurs has been head coach for Latvian U16, U18 and U20 teams in European Championships and head coach for Latvian U19 national team at the 2021 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup.

## Honors and awards
### Club career

* BK VEF Rīga
** 4x Latvian Basketball League Gold: (2011, 2012, 2013, 2015)
** 2x Latvian-Estonian Basketball League Bronze: (2021, 2023)
** 2x Estonian Silver: (2022, 2023)
** 1x Estonian Basketball Cup champion: (2021)
# Sohrab Khan Gorji

Sohrab Khan Gorji may refer to:
* Sohrab Khan Gorji (Georgian general), 18th-century Georgian noble and a general of the Georgian army
* Sohrab Khan Gorji (Iranian commander), 19th-century Iranian commander and chief of staff in the Qajar era
* Sohrab Khan Gorji (Iranian treasurer), 19th-century Iranian courtier, treasurer, and chief of customs in the Qajar era
# Battle of Boonsboro

The Battle of Boonsboro took place on July 8, 1863, in Washington County, Maryland, as part of the Retreat from Gettysburg during the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War.
While Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia retreated toward Virginia following its defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, Confederate cavalry held the South Mountain passes. The cavalry fought a rearguard action against elements of the Union 1st and 3rd Cavalry Divisions and supporting infantry. This action was one of a series of successive cavalry engagements around Boonsboro, Hagerstown, and Williamsport.

## Battle

Confederate Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart faced a difficult assignment—locate the Union cavalry and prevent it from severing Gen. Lee's avenue of retreat to Williamsport and the Potomac River. The result was the biggest and most sustained cavalry battle in Maryland during the campaign. The Battle of Boonsboro occurred along the National Road on Wednesday, July 8, 1863.
Stuart, with five cavalry brigades, advanced from the direction of Funkstown and Williamsport. He first encountered Federal resistance at Beaver Creek Bridge, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Boonsboro. By 11 a.m., the Confederate cavalry had pushed forward to several mud-soaked fields, where fighting on horseback was nearly impossible, forcing Stuart's troopers and Brig. Gens. H. Judson Kilpatrick's and John Buford's Union cavalry divisions to dismount and slug it out like infantry.
By mid-afternoon, the Union left under Kilpatrick crumbled as the Federals ran low on ammunition under increasing Confederate pressure. Stuart's advanced ended about 7 p.m., however, when Union infantry arrived—the first to engage in battle since Gettysburg. Stuart withdrew north to Funkstown, but he had gained another day for Lee's retreating army. Two days later, he would again delay the Federal pursuit at the Battle of Funkstown.
# William P. Ford

William P. Ford (April 28, 1936 – June 1, 2008) was an American lawyer and bond trader. His sister, Ita Ford, a Roman Catholic nun, was one of four nuns murdered in El Salvador. After this, Ford became an advocate for justice for the murder of the nuns and for the people of El Salvador.

## Early life

Born in Brooklyn, he graduated from Brooklyn Prep.

## Legal career

He graduated from Fordham College in 1960, and later received his law degree from St. John's University. He worked for the law firm of Mudge Rose, and later formed his own firm, Ford Marrin Esposito Witmeyer & Gleser, LLP (www.fmew.com).
He was closely involved with the organization, Human Rights First. He received an honorary doctoral degree from Fordham University in 1990.
As part of a campaign for justice for his sister, he obtained a 54.6 million dollar liability ruling against José Guillermo García and Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, who were retired Salvadoran generals living in the United States.
# Criminal Courts of Justice, Dublin

The Criminal Courts of Justice (Irish: Na Cúirteanna Breithiúnais Coiriúla) is the principal courts building for the criminal courts in Ireland. It stands on Parkgate Street, near the Phoenix Park.

## History

The court building, which officially opened in January 2010, replaced the Four Courts and other buildings as the location for most criminal matters before the Dublin Metropolitan District Court and Dublin Circuit Court. The complex also houses the regular sittings of the Central Criminal Court, Special Criminal Court and is home to the criminal division of the Court of Appeal. The Four Courts and Green Street Court House are still used for civil cases.
In a change from previous older courts buildings in Ireland, the building has facilities to hold up to 100 prisoners in the basement, with separate entrances for each court. Jurors are also based in a separate part of the building with their own court entrances after being empanelled, in order to keep them separate from the public. Victims and victim support organisations also have use of a suite of rooms.
The building contains rooms for 150 barristers as well as offices for Gardaí, the Director of Public Prosecutions, Probation Service, Law Society of Ireland, judges' chambers, press rooms and court administration.
The building is owned by International Public Partnerships, a London listed fund managed by Amber Infrastructure Partners under a 25 year concession from April 2007.

## Gallery

* Signage with Lady Justice insignia at the entrance
* Entrance
* Another view of the building
# Catoptrics

Catoptrics (from Ancient Greek: κατοπτρικός katoptrikós, "specular", from Ancient Greek: κάτοπτρον katoptron "mirror") deals with the phenomena of reflected light and image-forming optical systems using mirrors. A catoptric system is also called a catopter (catoptre).

## History
### Ancient Texts

Catoptrics is the title of two texts from ancient Greece:
* The Pseudo-Euclidean Catoptrics. This book is attributed to Euclid, although the contents are a mixture of work dating from Euclid's time together with work which dates to the Roman period. It has been argued that the book may have been compiled by the 4th century mathematician Theon of Alexandria. The book covers the mathematical theory of mirrors, particularly the images formed by plane and spherical concave mirrors.
* Hero's Catoptrics. Written by Hero of Alexandria, this work concerns the practical application of mirrors for visual effects. In the Middle Ages, this work was falsely ascribed to Ptolemy. It only survives in a Latin translation.
The Latin translation of Alhazen's (Ibn al-Haytham) main work, Book of Optics (Kitab al-Manazir), exerted a great influence on Western science: for example, on the work of Roger Bacon, who cites him by name. His research in catoptrics (the study of optical systems using mirrors) centred on spherical and parabolic mirrors and spherical aberration. He made the observation that the ratio between the angle of incidence and refraction does not remain constant, and investigated the magnifying power of a lens. His work on catoptrics also contains the problem known as "Alhazen's problem". Alhazen's work influenced Averroes' writings on optics, and his legacy was further advanced through the 'reforming' of his Optics by Persian scientist Kamal al-Din al-Farisi (d. ca. 1320) in the latter's Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir (The Revision of [Ibn al-Haytham's] Optics).

### Renaissance

16th-century Jewish-Ferraresi physicist Rafael Mirami wrote a treatise on the subject, Compendiosa introduttione alla prima parte della specularia, which became influential in a revival of the field, and contributed towards Pope Gregory XIII's astronomical calculations that led to the creation of the Gregorian Calendar.

## Catoptric telescopes

The first practical catoptric telescope (the "Newtonian reflector") was built by Isaac Newton as a solution to the problem of chromatic aberration exhibited in telescopes using lenses as objectives (dioptric telescopes).
# Plaza del Sol (Florida)

Plaza del Sol (formerly Osceola Square Mall) is an indoor shopping mall in Kissimmee, Florida, United States. It is the only enclosed shopping center in Kissimmee, with over 50 specialty shops. Major tenants of the mall include Ollie's Bargain Outlet, Ross Dress for Less, dd's Discounts, Burlington, Planet Fitness, and Florida Technical College.

## History

The mall opened as Osceola Square Mall in 1985. One of its original anchor stores was a 82,000-square-foot (7,600 m$^2$) Walmart. Other major tenants upon opening included Ross Dress for Less, J. Byrons (later Uptons), Morrison's Cafeteria, and Eckerd Corporation.
In 1996, Walmart moved out of the mall in favor of a Supercenter further down U.S. Route 192. One year later the former Walmart became a Bealls department store.
In 2014, the mall received a Latino-themed makeover and was renamed to Plaza del Sol.
# Lawrence L. Piersol

Lawrence Leroy Piersol (born October 21, 1940) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota.

## Early life and education

Born in Vermillion, South Dakota, Piersol received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Dakota in 1962 and a Juris Doctor from the University of South Dakota School of Law in 1965.

## Career

Piersol attended The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School at the University of Virginia and entered Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army, where he served in from 1965 to 1968. He was in private practice in Sioux Falls, South Dakota from 1968 to 1993. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the South Dakota House of Representatives, serving as Minority Whip (1971 to 1972) and Majority Leader (1973 to 1974).

## Federal judicial service

On August 6, 1993, Piersol was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota vacated by Donald J. Porter. Piersol was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 20, 1993, and received his commission on November 22, 1993. He served as chief judge from 1999 to 2005 and assumed senior status on July 31, 2009.
# Bobby Guindon

Robert Joseph Guindon (September 4, 1943 – October 26, 2023) was an American professional baseball player. He played briefly in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a first baseman and outfielder for the Boston Red Sox during the 1964 season. Listed at 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and 185 pounds (84 kg), he batted and threw left-handed.

## Biography

A native of Brookline, Massachusetts, Guindon attended The English High School, Boston. Sportswriter Peter Gammons recounted that Guindon hit a grand slam off of him during a 1961 high school game. Guindon signed with the Boston Red Sox organization in June 1961.
Guindon's career in Minor League Baseball spanned 10 seasons, from 1961 to 1970. He spent most of his career in the Red Sox farm system, while also playing in 31 games for the Seattle Angels in 1965 and playing his final two seasons in the St. Louis Cardinals farm system. While mainly used as a first baseman and left fielder, he also made 42 appearances as a pitcher, compiling a 13–7 win–loss record with a 2.49 earned run average (ERA).
During the 1964 season, Guindon briefly played for the major-league Red Sox. He was used as a pinch runner twice and as a pinch hitter once, and had one start each at first base and left field. He posted a .125 batting average (1-for-8), registering a double plus one walk.
Guindon died at his home in Venice, Florida, on October 25, 2023, at the age of 80.
# Lutz Trümper

Lutz Trümper (born 1 October 1955) is a German former politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and former Mayor of the city of Magdeburg.

## Biography

Trümper was born 1955 in Oschersleben and became a teacher for chemistry and biology. He was Mayor of Magdeburg from 2001 to 2022. In the European migration crisis he was a sharp critic of the policy of his party SPD and left the party for some while. In January 2025, he confirmed his final resignation from the party due to dissatisfaction with the SPD's political actions.
# Lewis H. Thomas House

The Lewis H. Thomas House is a historic house located on North Virden Road near Virden, Illinois. The house was built in 1863-65 for agriculturalist Lewis H. Thomas and formed the centerpiece of his farm. Architect Elijah E. Myers, who also designed three state capitol buildings, planned the Victorian house. Thomas extensively used hedge fencing with bois d'arc on his farm and is considered a pioneer of the technique in Illinois. In addition, his farm was known for its livestock and became a local tourist attraction due to its unusual animals, which included peacocks, bears, and deer. After its roof was lost to a fire, the house was renovated in 1888.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 7, 1983.
# Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (German: Friedrich Anton Ulrich Fürst zu Waldeck und Pyrmont; 27 November 1676 – 1 January 1728) was the first reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 1712 to 1728.
He was the son of Christian Louis, Count of Waldeck and Countess Anna Elisabeth of Rappoltstein.
From 1706 to 1712 he was Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont. On 6 January 1712 he was elevated to Prince by the Emperor Charles VI.

## Marriage and children

He married Countess Palatine Louise of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, daughter of Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Countess Catharine Agathe of Rappoltstein, in Hanau on 22 Oct 1700. They had five sons and six daughters:
* Prince Christian of Waldeck and Pyrmont (13 October 1701 – 17 May 1728)
* Princess Friederike of Waldeck and Pyrmont (10 November 1702 – 4 December 1713)
* Princess Henriette of Waldeck and Pyrmont (17 October 1703 – 29 August 1785)
* Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (24 September 1704 – 29 August 1763), married Countess Palatine Christiane Henriette of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, had issue.
* Princess Ernestine of Waldeck and Pyrmont (6 November 1705 – 26 May 1782), married Frederick Bernard, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, had issue.
* Prince Louis of Waldeck and Pyrmont (5 May 1707 – 24 July 1739)
* Prince Johann of Waldeck and Pyrmont (9 June 1708 – 30 November 1713)
* Princess Sofie of Waldeck and Pyrmont (4 January 1711 – 10 August 1775), married Frederick August Vogelsang, no issue.
* Princess Franziska of Waldeck and Pyrmont (19 May 1712 – 6 January 1782)
* Princess Louise of Waldeck and Pyrmont (12 June 1714 – 17 March 1794)
* Prince Josef of Waldeck and Pyrmont (14 August 1715 – 19 February 1719)

## Notes and sources

* Friedrich Anton Ulrich in the German National Library catalogue
* waldecker-muenzen.de
Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont House of Waldeck and PyrmontCadet branch of the House of WaldeckBorn: 27 November 1676 Died: 1 January 1728 :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byChristian Louis | Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont 12 December 1706 – 6 January 1712 | Elevated to Prince |
| New title | Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 6 January 1712 – 1 January 1728 | Succeeded byCharles August |
* This article about a member of the German nobility is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Oscar Olivera

Oscar Olivera Foronda (born 1955) is a Bolivian union leader who was one of the main leaders of the protesters against the water privatization in Bolivia. The result of these protests was an event known as the Cochabamba Water War. He was also one of the main leaders of the protests in the Bolivian gas conflict. He is also the head of a confederation of factory workers' unions.
Oscar Olivera was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2001.

## In popular culture

Oscar Olivera's role in the Cochabamba Water War is featured in the 2008 documentary film Blue Gold: World Water Wars.
# Bengal Jute Mill Workers' Union

Bengal Jute Mill Workers' Union is a trade union of jute mill workers in West Bengal, India. The union is affiliated to the All India United Trade Union Centre.