# David Downes (sociologist)

David Downes is a British sociologist and criminologist and is professor emeritus of Social Administration at the London School of Economics.
Downes was one of the founder members of the National Deviancy Conference.

## Publications
### 1960s-1980s

Downes, David and Flower, Fred (1965) 'Educating for Uncertainty' Fabian Tract 364, London: Fabian Society
Downes, David (1966) 'The Delinquent Solution: A Study in Subcultural Theory', London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
Downes, D.M., Davies, B.P., David, M.E., Stone, P. (1976) Gambling, work and leisure: a study across three areas. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
Downes, Davd (1979) 'Praxis makes perfect: A critique of critical criminology' in David Downes and Paul Rock (co-eds.) 'Deviant Interpretations: Problems in Criminological Theory', Oxford: Martin Robertson.
Downes, David and Rock, Paul (1982) 'Understanding Deviance: A Guide to the Sociology of Crime and Rule-Breaking', Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Downes, David (1983) 'Law and Order: Theft of an Issue', London: Fabian Society in association with the Labour Campaign for Criminal Justice.
Downes, DM, (1988) Contrasts in Tolerance: Post-War Penal Policy in The Netherlands and England and Wales. Oxford: OUP, Clarendon

### 1990s

Downes, D. (1999) '"Toughing It Out": From Labour Opposition to Labour Government.' Policy Studies 19, no. 3-4 (1999), pp. 191–198.
Downes, D. (1999) 'Crime and Deviance.' In: Sociology: Issues and Debates. Ed Taylor, S. Palgrave Macmillan,
Downes, D. (1999) 'The Role of Employment and Training in Reducing Recidivism (Plenary Address).' Reinsercao Social Ministry of Justice, Portugal

### 2000s

Downes, D. (2001) 'Four Years Hard: New Labour and Crime Control.' Criminal Justice Matters 46, Winter 2001
Downes, D. (2001) 'The "Macho" penal economy: Mass incarceration in the US - A European Perspective.' Punishment and Society 3, no. 1 (2001), pp. 61–80.
Downes, D. (2001) 'The macho penal economy: Mass incarceration in the U.S. - a European perspective.' In: Mass Imprisonment: Social Causes and Consequences. Ed Garland, D. Sage,
Downes, D. & Rock, P. (2003) Understanding Deviance. 4th edition. Oxford University Press,
Downes, D. (2004) 'New Labour and the Lost Causes of Crime.' Criminal Justice Matters 55, Spring
Downes, D. (2006) 'Welfare and punishment in comparative perspective.' In: Perspectives on punishment: The contours of control. Ed Armstrong, S. & McAra, L. Oxford University Press,
Downes, D. & Morgan, R. (2006) 'No turning back: The politics of law and order into the millennium.' In; The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 4th ed. Eds. Maguire, M., Morgan, R. & Reiner, R. Oxford University Press
Downes, D. & Morgan, R. (2002) 'The Skeletons in the Cupboard: The Politics of Law and Order at the Turn of the Millennium.' In: Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 3rd ed. Eds. Maguire, M., Morgan, R. & Reiner, R. Oxford University Press.
Downes, David (2012) 'Working Out of Crime', Farnham: Ashgate.
Downes, David, Rock, Paul and McLaughlin, Eugene (2016) 'Understanding Deviance: A Guide to the Socioogy of Crime and Rule-Breaking' 7th. edition, Oxford University Press.
Downes, D. (2021) 'The Rise and Fall of Penal Hope' Vol. III in The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales, London: Routledge.
Downes, D. and Newburn, T. (2023) 'The Politics of Law and Order' Vol. IV in the Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales, London: Routledge.