OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berner Bach-Chor

The Berner Bach-Chor is a Swiss choir based in Bern. It is "a dynamic choir with one concert activity; a choir, openly for unusual, unknown and contemporary; a choir with international radiant emittance; an inspired community of approximately 120 singers; a choir, which was distinguished for its qualitatively high standing of work in 1997 with the culture prize of the Bürgergemeinde Bern."
The choir was founded by Theo Loosli, and is currently being conducted by Lena-Lisa Wüstendörfer.
# Sasha Korban

Sasha Korban is a Ukrainian graffiti artist. His 2018 Mariupol mural of Milana Abdurashytova, a 3-year-old girl who survived a missile attack by pro-Russian forces, was destroyed in 2022 during the Russian occupation of Mariupol.

## Childhood and youth

Korban was born (1987-03-12)12 March 1987 in Kirovsk in Donetsk Oblast in Ukraine.

## Mining

Korban worked in the Komsomolets Donbasu coal mine from 2006 to 2011.

## Graffiti artist

Sky Art Foundation describes Korban's interest in street art as mainly starting in 2009.

### Milana mural

In September 2018, Korban painted a mural of Milana Abdurashytova on a 15-floor building in Mariupol. Abdurashytova and her mother had been hit by a missile strike launched by pro-Russian forces in 2015. Abdurashytova's mother shielded her, dying as a result but saving Abdurashytova's life. One of Abdurashytova's legs was amputated. Abdurashytova received rehabilitation support from the Rinat Akhmetov Foundation. Korban's mural, known as Milana, became a symbol for Mariupol residents.
Korban described Abdurashytova as "stronger than any war", having a "little and yet brave heart [that] conquered everything", and as "a real symbol of true hope". Street Art United States described Abdurashytova's face in the mural as "exemplif[ying] Korban's signature style of expressive faces, almost narrative in their realism". It described Milana as "embod[ying] a proud stoicism standing against disaster ... [Abdurashytova] does not exhibit fear, but serenity."
After the 24 February 2022 full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Milana mural was painted over during the Russian occupation of Mariupol. During the occupation, a mural of an Australian girl was also painted in Mariupol by Italian artist Jorit. Il Giornale and the Italian investigative journalism site Valigia Blu criticised Jorit's mural, on the grounds that the artist described it as relating to "NATO missiles", while the bombs that killed children in Mariupol were Russian, and in relation to Korban's destroyed mural.

### Other works

In April 2021, Korban created a mural, A little magic, under a bridge in Kyiv.
In late 2022, on a building opposite the Russian embassy in Tbilisi, Korban painted a mural of a woman wearing traditional clothing. The mural was part of the 2022 Tbilisi Mural Fest and seen as a symbol of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# The Scarlatti Inheritance

The Scarlatti Inheritance is the first of 27 thriller novels written (the last four of them left in the form of manuscripts, later finalized by ghost writers) by American author Robert Ludlum.

## Premise

In Washington during World War II, word is received that an elite member of the Nazi High Command is willing to defect and divulge information that will shorten the war. But his defection entails the release of the ultra-top-secret file on the Scarlatti Inheritance – a file whose contents will destroy many of the Western world's greatest and most illustrious reputations if they are made known. From there, the book takes itself back a few decades, and tells the story of a corrupt American soldier, his billionaire mother, and an agent working for one of the smallest secret service departments in the world.

## Media adaptations

James Bond producer Albert R. Broccoli purchased film rights either before or shortly after publication. Broccoli asked Ludlum to write the script, but Ludlum was reluctant. Ludlum, who had film and theatre experience, said "I didn't leave that crowd of ocelots to go back into it." Ludlum also claimed that Broccoli sought revisions in the agreement.
Dalton Trumbo was subsequently signed to write the script and worked on it in 1975. Documentary filmmaker Saul Swimmer would produce and direct.
Lew Grade optioned the film rights in the late 1970s hoping to make a movie starring Ingrid Bergman (with whom Grade had just made Autumn Sonata). However Grade says Bergman decided to pull out because of the long production schedule that would be involved and the film did enter production. "A pity as she would have been wonderful in it," wrote Grade.
No film version was ever made.
# Ambush near Treboš

Albanian rebels ambushed a convoy of the special police unit Lions near the village of Treboš on 11 November 2001. A group known as the Albanian National Army (ANA) claimed responsibility. The ambush occurred after the war of 2001 officially ended with the signing of the Ohrid Framework Agreement when members of the special Macedonian police forces were attacked on the road to Treboš where they were supposed to secure a mass grave, suspected of containing the bodies of 13 Macedonian civilians kidnapped by the NLA.

## Ambush

In November, there were media allegations that 13 Macedonian men who were previously reported as abducted by rebels had been executed and buried in one or more mass graves near the village of Treboš. On 11 November, the Macedonian interior minister Ljube Boškoski ordered the special police unit Lions to secure an alleged mass grave of Macedonian civilians in the area of Tetovo. There they arrested seven Albanians whom they accused of belonging to the NLA. In reaction, ethnic Albanian villagers retrieved automatic weapons which were withheld and set up checkpoints, vowing to resist Boškoski's forces. In an e-mail to a Western news agency, ANA declared: "We declare all territories with majority Albanian populations... a forbidden zone for the forces of repressive Macedonian machinery. If they enter, they will be deemed legitimate targets and get hit without warning." 100 Macedonian civilians were abducted by Albanian rebels in retaliation. A convoy of the Lions was ambushed by Albanian rebels near Treboš, which resulted in the deaths of three policemen and the wounding of another three.

## Aftermath

ANA claimed responsibility for the attack. It also claimed that Xhemail Rexhepi (Shqiponja 5 [Eagle 5]) was involved in the clashes. A former NLA commander denied involvement of the disbanded organization with the abductions. International mediators and NATO troops convinced the Albanians to free the hostages. Police units were withdrawn from Treboš. President Boris Trajkovski's cabinet distanced itself from the arrest of the seven Albanians, conceding it had violated the amnesty for the rebels. Pavle Trajanov, leader of the party Democratic Alliance, blamed Boškoski for the ambush. Western envoys also blamed him for provoking the violence before the vote in parliament to ratify the Ohrid Framework Agreement. On 22 November, the human remains thought to be of six Macedonian civilians were found in the area.
# MT Stolt Valor

   "It was not only an ordeal but also a nightmare for all of us on board the Stolt Valor." (Captain Prabhat Kumar Goyal, November 16, 2008)
The MT Stolt Valor was a Hong Kong-flagged ship that was hijacked while in the Designated Safety Corridor within the Gulf of Aden, approximately 38 nautical miles (70 km) away from the coast of Yemen, while heading from the United States south through the Gulf towards Asia. After the ship passed through the Suez Canal, it encountered hijackers and alerted the International Maritime Bureau. Area coalition forces arrived too late to avert the hijacking which occurred at 10:16 UTC on September 15, 2008 by Somali pirates.
The Japanese-owned chemical tanker, managed by Fleet Management Ltd. of Hong Kong, and on time charter to Stolt Tankers, carried a crew of 22 members, including eighteen from India, two from the Philippines, one from Bangladesh, and one from Russia according to Fleet's spokesman, Ferdi Stolzenberg. The ship's captain was Prabhat Kumar Goyal of Teg Bahadur Road, Dehradun. The ship was carrying 19,800 metric tons of phosphoric acid, loaded in Morehead City, North Carolina, United States, at time of capture.
Following capture, the Stolt Valor made way to the pirate haven of Eyl on the eastern coast of Somalia. The pirates made contact with the ship's owners the following day, September 16. The ship's Master, through email and phone, stated that his crew was unharmed and confined to the ship’s wheelhouse.

## Ransom

An initial demand of ransom for US$6 million was later decreased to US$2.5 million. The ransom negotiations were conducted by National Union of Seafarers of India (NUSI) General Secretary Abdul Gani in Hong Kong, saying "Definitely ransom has been paid but we will not be able to go into details."

## Release

The Stolt Valor was released the morning of November 16, 2008.

## 2012 fire

On March 15, 2012, an explosion and subsequent fire occurred on board Stolt Valor while she was 27 nautical miles (50 km) off Jubail, Saudi Arabia. The ship was carrying a cargo of methyl tertiary butyl ether and isobutanol. One crew member was killed. Twenty-four survivors were rescued by USS John Paul Jones and later transferred to USCGC Baranof.

## Scrap

The fire was eventually extinguished and all pollutants - both chemical cargo and fuel - later removed, but the ship was forced to drift in the Gulf for several months before authorities in Bahrain offered it a port of refuge. Stolt Valor was deemed too badly damaged for repairs to be economically viable and the ship owners and managers STOLT, decided to scrap it. She was scrapped in mid-October 2012 in Bahrain.
# Christian Baltzer

Christian Baltzer (born 5 July 1936) is a French basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was inducted into the French Basketball Hall of Fame in 2004.
# Tehauroa

Rere-ao Te-hau-roa-ari'i, also given as Teri'i-hau-roa (c. 1830 – 18 March 1884), was the Queen of Raiatea and Tahaa. In the Tahitian language, her name means "flying-in-the-world" and "perpetual peace" or "long governments of kings".

## Life

Tehauroa was the daughter of King Tahitoe of Raiatea and his second wife, Metua'aro. Her grandfather Hihipa Tahitoe was the son of Vete'a-ra'i U'uru, the chief of Opoa, and grandson of King Tamatoa II of Raiatea from whom her family claimed the right to throne of Raiatea. She was the namesake of her grandmother Rere-ao, wife of Hihipa Tahitoe, who was the daughter of Queen Maevarua of Bora Bora and sister of King Tapoa I of Tahaa and Bora Bora.
Her father succeeded to the throne after the deposition and banishment of the unpopular Tamatoa V in 1871, and she was named as his heir. In March 1881, her father was in turn deposed by the Raiatean people for allowing the French to declare a protectorate over the kingdom. Consequently, in April, she was elected to succeed him to the throne with a council of twelve district chiefs, four from Tahaa and eight from Raiatea. Her coronation was performed by Reverend Albert Pearse at Uturoa Church with due solemnity and rejoicings.
On 1 October 1882, she outlawed the sale of alcohol from her kingdom, with the exceptions of religious or remedial uses. Another action of her reign was the revision of the Kingdom's law code. This version titled the Code of Tehauroa (1884) was the last revision to the constitutional law code; it outlawed the sale of land, permitted up to that point, and made Protestantism the only authorized religion. These changes were enacted to counter the influence of France, which had already declared Raiatea a French protectorate during her father's reign. In 1881, she unsuccessfully attempted to enlist the protection of the British to preserve the independence of Raiatea in accordance with the Jarnac Convention of 1847.
Remaining unmarried, Tehauroa died on 18 March 1884 after a short illness. A civil war nearly broke out between two rivals for the throne. To avoid French intervention a female-line cousin of the late queen, the equally pious Prince Ari'imate Teururai of Huahine, was invited to ascend the throne as King Tamatoa VI. This effectively ended the rule of the Tamatoa Dynasty. Her younger sister later succeeded as Queen Tuarii from 1888 to 1897 under a rebel government.
# Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart

Antoine Claude Nicolas Valdec de Lessart (25 January 1741, Château de Mongenan, Portets, near Bordeaux – 9 September 1792, Versailles ) was a French politician. He was the illegitimate son of the Baron de Gasq, Président of the Parlement de Guyenne.

## Life
### Before 1790

A director of the Compagnie des Indes, he became Maître des requêtes in 1767 then in October 1788 one of the three commissaries charged with discussing and examining everything on the financial administration. Claude Antoine Valdec de Lessart was one of the intimates of Jacques Necker. Louis XVI of France made him one of the commissaries charged with reconciling the three orders of the Estates General.

### Revolution

On 4 December 1790, he was summoned to the Contrôle général des finances, then on 25 January 1791 moved to the Interior Minister, all the while holding onto the finance portfolio. At the Financial ministry, Étienne Clavière and the Girondins preyed on his management of the post, whilst at the interior ministry Camille Desmoulins, Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron and Jean-Paul Marat reproached his sympathies for the refractory clergy. During the Varennes affair, he revealed himself as a docile executor of the orders of the Legislative Assembly. He was then made interim Naval Minister in September 1791 and interim Minister of Foreign Affairs that October when the main concern was the bellicose activities of the emigres based in Treves and Mayence. The threat to go to war with their hosts, the Rheinish Electors, sufficed to have the émigré armies ordered to disband. However, that December the emperor of Austria announced Austrian troops would support the Rheinish electors and war with Austria became a real possibility. That possibility was welcomed by the Assembly and de Lessart could do little to prevent it (He did send Talleyrand to London in January 1792 to seek English neutrality if not support). The Assembly resented de Lessart's cautious - some said treasonable - approach and on 1 March voted to have him impeached.
Unpopular and unable to arrest the march to war desired by Jacques Pierre Brissot, he was indicted under Girondin pressure on 10 March 1792. He was transferred to the High Court at Orléans and after 10 August 1792 the trial of prisoners by the Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris was decided upon. Claude Fournier-L'Héritier was charged with bringing them as far as Paris, but instead stopped at Versailles and massacred 44 of the 52 prisoners entrusted to him, including Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac, Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart and Charles-Xavier Franqueville d'Abancourt.
# Kham Thale So district

Kham Thale So (Thai: ขามทะเลสอ, pronounced; Northeastern Thai: ขามทะเลสอ, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) of Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand.

## History

The government separated some parts of Non Thai and Sung Noen districts and created the minor district (king amphoe) Kham Thale So in 1958, which was upgraded to a full district in 1965.

## Geography

Neighbouring districts are (from the north clockwise) Non Thai, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima, Sung Noen, and Dan Khun Thot.

## Administration

The district is divided into five sub-districts (tambons). Kham Thale So is also a township (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of the tambon Kham Thale So.
| 1. | Kham Thale So | ขามทะเลสอ |
| 2. | Pong Daeng | โป่งแดง |
| 3. | Phan Dung | พันดุง |
| 4. | Nong Suang | หนองสรวง |
| 5. | Bueng O | บึงอ้อ |

## Economy

The district is the site of salt mines operated by the Saltworks Company, a major producer of salt for the chemical and food industries.
# Mushtaq Hussain

Mushtaq Hussain is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the Gilgit Baltistan Assembly since November 2020.

## Political career

Mushtaq contested the 2020 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election on 15 November 2020 from GBA-22 (Ghanche-I) as an Independent candidate. He won the election by the margin of 1,106 votes over the runner up Muhammad Ibrahim Sanai of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). He garnered 6,051 votes while Sanai received 4,945 votes. After winning the election, Mushtaq joined PTI.
# Eggert Aron Guðmundsson

Eggert Aron Guðmundsson (born 8 February 2004) is an Icelandic football player who plays as a midfielder for Bergensk club Brann and the Iceland national team.

## Club career

On 9 January 2024, Eggert Aron signed a contract with Swedish club Elfsborg until the summer of 2028.

## International career

Eggert Aron represented Iceland at the 2023 UEFA European Under-19 Championship.
Eggert Aron made his debut for the senior Iceland national team on 13 January 2024 in a friendly against Guatemala.
# Ceulanamaesmawr

Ceulanamaesmawr is a community in Ceredigion, Wales, consisting of Tal-y-bont, Bont-goch and the surrounding area. The total population at the United Kingdom Census 2011 was 1,013.
In addition to being a community, Ceulanamaesmawr is also an electoral ward.
# Marhanets train accident

The Marhanets train accident occurred on 12 October 2010, at Marhanets, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine when a train collided with a passenger bus on a railroad level crossing. Forty-three people were reported dead and nine injured. The bus driver, whose actions allegedly caused the collision, was killed in the accident as well. The collision was the worst single road accident in Ukraine's history by number of victims.

## Accident

The collision between a midibus carrying around 48 passengers and a locomotive occurred at 08:30 a.m. local time (05:30 UTC) at an unmanned automated railway crossing. Of those who were killed, 38 died at the scene and the others in hospitals from their injuries.
Ukrzaliznytsia's press service reported that a preliminary theory on the cause of the accident was the violation of traffic rules by the driver of the bus.

## Reaction of the authorities

The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine planned to allocate ₴100,000 (approx. 12,600 US dollars) to each family of those killed and injured in a collision. Officials said this was the deadliest vehicle accident in the country's history. President Viktor Yanukovych, on a visit to the region at the time, declared Wednesday the 13th a day of national mourning. Yanukovych also ordered for an investigation into the incident to be carried out in order to determine who bore responsibility for the crash and instructed transport officials to install automated crossing gates at all railway crossings to prevent cars, buses and trucks from ignoring signals.
Road and railway accidents are common in Ukraine, where the roads are in poor condition, vehicles are poorly maintained, and drivers and passengers routinely disregard safety and traffic rules.
# Pen-y-Bont-Fawr

Pen-y-Bont-Fawr (or Penybontfawr) is a small village and community in the Tanat valley in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales. In the 2011 UK Census it had a population of 440 with 58% born in England and 39% in Wales (many nearby hospitals are in England).
It is in the electoral ward of Llanwddyn.
St Thomas's Church was built in 1855 in the Victorian Gothic style. It is a Grade II listed building.
Robert Ellis (1812–1875), bardic name Cynddelw, was a Welsh language poet, editor and lexicographer, He was born nearby at Tyn y Meini, Bryndreiniog.
Penybontfawr railway station was on the Tanat Valley Light Railway. The station opened in 1904 and closed in 1951.
# Primary atmosphere

A primary atmosphere is an atmosphere of a planet that forms by accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the planet's sun. Planets such as Jupiter and Saturn have primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost on the terrestrial planets due to a combination of surface temperature, mass of the atoms and escape velocity of the planet.

## Formation process
### Protoplanetary disk formation

Primary atmospheres begin to form during the early stages of a solar system's development. As a star forms from a collapsing cloud of gas and dust, the remaining material flattens into a rotating disk around the star, known as the protoplanetary disk. This disk is rich in gases like hydrogen and helium, which are the most abundant elements in the universe.

### Accretion of gases

Planets start to form within this disk through the process of accretion. As dust and solid materials coalesce to form planetesimals and eventually protoplanets, these bodies begin to exert gravitational forces. The gravity of these growing protoplanets attracts surrounding gases from the protoplanetary disk. Larger planets, particularly those forming in the colder outer regions of the disk, are capable of attracting more substantial envelopes of gas, leading to the formation of thick primary atmospheres.

### Composition and characteristics

The composition of a primary atmosphere is primarily hydrogen and helium, with minor amounts of other volatiles like water vapor, methane, and ammonia, depending on the temperature and region of the protoplanetary disk. These atmospheres are generally thick and extended, enveloping the young planet in a dense layer of gas.

## CO2 in exoplanetary atmospheres

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have provided groundbreaking insights into the atmospheric composition of exoplanets, which are vital for understanding both primary and secondary atmospheres. A notable example is the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-39b. This detection, achieved through transmission spectroscopy in the 3.0-5.5 micrometer wavelength range, has revealed a significant CO2 absorption feature at 4.3 micrometers, with a 26-sigma significance. These findings are critical as CO2 is a key indicator of metal enrichment in planetary atmospheres, influence the formation process of primary atmospheres of gas giants.
The JWST data suggests that the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b includes not only CO2 but also water, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide, with moderate cloud opacity and little methane. This composition aligns with one-dimensional models assuming a ten-times solar metallicity and radiative-convective-thermochemical equilibrium. The presence of these gases in the atmospheres of hot gas giants like WASP-39b provides insights into the processes that may have shaped the primary atmospheres of similar massive planets in our solar system.
# Alice Hussey

Alice ‘Alicia’ Hussey is a former camogie player winner of six All Ireland winner and runners-up club medals at various grades with Athenry and an intermediate player of the season award in 1968.

## Career

The TD Tom Hussey is a relative.
She first played for Athenry in the Connaht junior club championship in the inaugural year of the 1960s, eventually ascending through the ranks to win All Ireland intermediate winners and runners-up medals in '69, '71, '73, '75, '76, '77. ’77 was the big one. It was when Athenry won the Senior Club All Ireland. She was a substitute for that. She retired in ’81. With the club too, she was runner-up at the inaugural All Ireland Intermediate club championship. She won Co. championship medals with the club in ’75, ’76, ’77, ’78 and again in ’79 and numerous individual medals for her audacious work rate throughout that time.