# Lebak Regency

Lebak Regency is a regency of Banten province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Java. The regency has an area of 3,481.35 km$^2$ and had a population of 1,204,095 at the 2010 census and 1,386,793 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,480,593. The town of Rangkasbitung in the north of the regency is the administrative centre. The regency is bordered by the Pandeglang Regency to the west, the Serang Regency to the north, and the Tangerang Regency to the north-east, by the Bogor and Sukabumi regencies (both in West Java Province) to the east, and by the Indian Ocean to the south.

## History

The Lebak Regency is the regency to which the Dutchman Eduard Douwes Dekker, better known by his pseudonym Multatuli, was appointed in 1856 as Assistant Resident. Douwes Dekker observed that the local regent exploited the local population and requested his removal. He made a few mistakes in this. He bypassed his direct chief and overlooked the size of abuse by the regent. The regent being of local nobility but paid by the colonial government was regularly in poor circumstances having to keep up with demands of patronage for his large family, according to the adat, the traditional law. Bad practices were known and condoned to a certain extent by the colonial administration. Governmental research that same year showed however more serious abuse by the lesser local officials. The governor-general disapproved of Dekker's tactless conduct and ordered his replacement, which Dekker refused. He resigned after three months of duty in Lebak. Home he published four years later Max Havelaar, or the Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company, a pamphlet-novel, which had great influence on later administrators, less by force of analysis than by the vigour of its language, setting a new standard for Dutch literature.

## Administrative districts

The regency is divided into 28 districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and populations from the 2010 census and the 2020 census; together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 340 rural desa and 5 urban kelurahan - the latter all in Rangkasbitung District), and its postal codes.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of district (kecamatan) | Area in km$^2$ | Pop'n census 2010 | Pop'n census 2020 | Pop'n estimate mid 2023 | Admin centre | No. of villages | Post codes |
| 36.02.01 | Malingping | 130.34 | 61,500 | 71,084 | 76,905 | Malingping Selatan | 14 | 42391 |
| 36.02.21 | Wanasalam | 133.43 | 51,233 | 58,130 | 62,817 | Bejod | 13 | 42396 |
| 36.02.02 | Panggarangan | 180.84 | 35,242 | 38,538 | 41,811 | Situregen | 11 | 42390 |
| 36.02.26 | Cihara | 144.54 | 29,530 | 33,174 | 35,810 | Cihara | 9 | 42392 |
| 36.02.03 | Bayah $^{(a)}$ | 143.29 | 40,716 | 45,435 | 48,346 | Bayah Barat | 11 | 42393 |
| 36.02.20 | Cilograng | 100.34 | 31,689 | 35,220 | 37,449 | Gunung Batu | 10 | 42398 |
| 36.02.19 | Cibeber | 454.20 | 54,228 | 56,722 | 60,756 | Warung Banten | 22 | 42394 |
| 36.02.16 | Cijaku | 134.88 | 26,876 | 30,588 | 32,983 | Cijaku | 11 | 42397 |
| 36.02.28 | Cigemblong | 144.83 | 19,527 | 21,591 | 23,277 | Cigemblong | 8 | 42395 |
| | Totals of southern sector | 1,566.69 | 360,541 | 390,482 | 420,154 | | 109 | |
| 36.02.09 | Banjarsari | 149.73 | 57,384 | 65,450 | 70,364 | Cidahu | 20 | 42355 |
| 36.02.10 | Cileles | 173.42 | 46,684 | 54,436 | 59,203 | Cikareo | 12 | 42393 |
| 36.02.08 | Gunung Kencana | 159.34 | 32,661 | 38,327 | 41,248 | Gunung Kencana | 12 | 42354 |
| 36.02.07 | Bojongmanik | 78.29 | 21,206 | 24,565 | 25,865 | Bojongmanik | 9 | 42363 |
| 36.02.27 | Cirinten | 113.59 | 24,765 | 29,155 | 32,162 | Ciriten | 10 | 42365 |
| 36.02.06 | Leuwidamar | 151.10 | 50,430 | 54,462 | 60,437 | Lebakparahlang | 12 | 42362 |
| 36.02.05 | Muncang | 86.19 | 31,615 | 37,279 | 40,166 | Muncang | 12 | 42364 |
| 36.02.22 | Sobang | 105.80 | 28,361 | 31,263 | 33,215 | Sinar Jaya | 10 | 42315 -42318 |
| 36.02.04 | Cipanas | 75.36 | 45,388 | 52,378 | 53,813 | Sipayung | 14 | 42372 |
| 36.02.25 | Lebakgedong | 90.41 | 21,537 | 21,864 | 22,992 | Banjarsari | 6 | 42351 |
| 36.02.12 | Sajira | 112.26 | 46,366 | 55,832 | 57,276 | Sajira | 15 | 42371 |
| 36.02.11 | Cimarga | 194.45 | 60,968 | 71,507 | 76,816 | Margajaya | 17 | 42361 |
| 36.02.17 | Cikulur | 86.60 | 46,627 | 58,281 | 59,110 | Curugpanjang | 13 | 42356 |
| 36.02.15 | Warunggunung | 47.57 | 52,302 | 62,000 | 67,817 | Selarraja | 12 | 42352 |
| 36.02.18 | Cibadak | 35.51 | 58,057 | 70,839 | 68,478 | Pasar Keong | 15 | 42357 |
| 36.02.14 | Rangkasbitung | 74.22 | 116,659 | 134,945 | 144,733 | Muara Ciujung Timur | 16 $^{(b)}$ | 42311 - 42319 |
| 36.02.24 | Kalanganyar | 28.91 | 31,982 | 38,828 | 41,565 | Pasir Kupa | 7 | 42311 - 42312 |
| 36.02.13 | Maja | 69.63 | 50,526 | 59,705 | 66,043 | Maja | 14 | 42382 |
| 36.02.23 | Curugbitung | 82.28 | 30,036 | 36,534 | 39,136 | Curugbitung | 10 | 42381 |
| | Totals of northern sector | 1,914.66 | 843,554 | 996,311 | 1,060,439 | | 236 | |
| | Totals for Lebak Regency | 3,481.35 | 1,204,095 | 1,386,793 | 1,480,593 | | 345 | |
Notes: (a) including five small offshore islands - Pulau Manuk, Pulau Tanjunglayar, Pulau Karangbokor, Pulau Karangmalang and Pulau Karangmasigit. (b) comprising the five kelurahan (with populations in 2023) of Cijoro Lebak (12,808), Cijoro Pasir (11,551), Muara Ciujung Barat (9,569), Muara Ciujung Timur (19,781) and Rangkasbitung Barat (7,825), and eleven desa including Rangkasbitung Timur (14,641).

## Tourism

To the southern coast of the regency, there are Sawarna Beach and Ciantir Beach which can be accessed from Jakarta by a 6 hours drive. The modest Sawarna village has no available 24 hours electricity and no television broadcast can be accessed. In some areas, terraced rice fields are like in Ubud, Bali. Ciantir Beach is suitable for professional surfers with the high tides of the Indian Ocean.
Since 2018, the regency has operated a history museum in Rangkasbitung, the Multatuli Museum, which focuses on the anti-colonial struggle and the Dutch author Multatuli.