# Frederick County, Maryland

Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717. The county seat is Frederick. The county is part of the Capital region of the state.
Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.
Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.

## Etymology

The namesake of Frederick County and its county seat is unknown, but it was probably either Frederick, Prince of Wales, or Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore.

## History

Frederick County was created in 1748 by the Province of Maryland from parts of Prince George's County and Baltimore County.
In 1776, following US independence, Frederick County was divided into three parts. The westernmost portion became Washington County, named after George Washington, the southernmost portion became Montgomery County, named after another Revolutionary War general, Richard Montgomery. The northern portion remained Frederick County.
In 1837, a part of Frederick County was combined with a part of Baltimore County to form Carroll County which is east of current day Frederick County.
The county has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 667 square miles (1,730 km$^2$), of which 660 square miles (1,700 km$^2$) is land and 7.2 square miles (19 km$^2$) (1.1%) is water. It is the largest county in Maryland in terms of land area.
Frederick County straddles the boundary between the Piedmont Plateau Region and the Appalachian Mountains. The county's two prominent ridges, Catoctin Mountain and South Mountain, form an extension of the Blue Ridge. The Middletown Valley lies between them.
Attractions in the Frederick area include the Clustered Spires, a monument to Francis Scott Key, the National Museum of Civil War Medicine, Monocacy National Battlefield and South Mountain battlefields, and the Schifferstadt Architectural Museum.

### Adjacent counties

* Adams County, Pennsylvania (north)
* Carroll County (east)
* Montgomery County (south)
* Loudoun County, Virginia (southwest)
* Washington County (west)
* Franklin County, Pennsylvania (northwest)

### National protected areas

* Catoctin Mountain Park
* Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (part)
* Monocacy National Battlefield

### Major highways

* I-70
* I-270
* US 15
* US 15 Bus.
* US 40
* US 40 Alt.
* US 340
* MD 17
* MD 26
* MD 27
* MD 28
* MD 31
* MD 75
* MD 76
* MD 77
* MD 79
* MD 80
* MD 85
* MD 144
* MD 180
* MD 194
* MD 355
* MD 355 Bus.
* MD 550

## Demographics

Frederick County has experienced a rapid increase in population since the 1980s, including that of minority groups.

### 2020 census

Frederick County, Maryland – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 181,645 | 183,636 | 77.83% | 67.58% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 19,611 | 27,007 | 8.40% | 9.94% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 512 | 401 | 0.22% | 0.15% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 8,876 | 13,427 | 3.80% | 4.94% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 92 | 154 | 0.04% | 0.06% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 405 | 1,445 | 0.17% | 0.53% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 5,109 | 13,528 | 2.19% | 4.98% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 17,135 | 32,119 | 7.34% | 11.82% |
| Total | 233,385 | 271,717 | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2010 census

At the 2010 United States census, there were 233,385 people, 84,800 households and 61,198 families residing in the county. The population density was 353.5 per square mile (136.5/km$^2$). There were 90,136 housing units at an average density of 136.5 per square mile (52.7/km$^2$). The racial make-up of the county was 81.5% white, 8.6% black or African American, 3.8% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.9% from other races and 2.8% from two or more races. The total (all races) of those self-identifying as Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.3%, and those persons who were white alone made up 77.8% of the population. 26.3% of the population cited German ancestry, 17.4% Irish, 12.1% English, 7.2% Italian, and 6.3% American.
Of the 84,800 households, 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.8% were non-families, and 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.17. The median age was 38.6 years.
The median household income was $81,686 and the median family income was $95,036. Males had a median income of $62,494 and females $46,720. The per capita income was $35,172. About 3.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.<ref">"DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.</ref>

## Law, government, and politics
### Charter government

On December 1, 2014, Frederick County changed to a "charter home rule government".
Voters approved this governmental change at the November 6, 2012, election with 62,469 voting for the transition and 37,368 against. Previously, Frederick County had been governed by a five-member county commission that could only legislate in local matters with the prior consent of the Maryland General Assembly. Even that authority was limited to areas authorized by the General Assembly, enabling legislation, or public local laws. As a charter county, Frederick County is now governed by a seven-member county council, with five elected from districts and two elected at-large. A popularly elected county executive is responsible for providing direction, supervision, and administrative oversight of all executive departments, agencies, and offices. The council has broad power to act on most local matters.
Jan H. Gardner was elected the first Frederick County executive in 2014 and was re-elected in 2018.
County Executive :
| Name | Affiliation | Term |
| Jan Gardner | Democrat | 2014–2022 |
| Jessica Fitzwater | Democrat | 2022–present |
The members of the third Frederick County Council for the term beginning 2022 are:
County Council :
| Name | Affiliation | District | Region | First elected |
| Renee Knapp | Democrat | At-large | At-large | 2022 |
| Brad W. Young | Democrat | At-large | At-large | 2022 |
| Jerry Donald | Democrat | 1 | Braddock Heights, Middletown, Brunswick | 2014 |
| Steve McKay | Republican | 2 | Monrovia, Urbana, New Market, Mount Airy | 2018 |
| M.C. Keegan-Ayer | Democrat | 3 | Frederick, Clover Hill | 2014 |
| Kavonte Duckett | Democrat | 4 | Frederick, Ballenger Creek, Linganore | 2022 |
| Mason Carter | Republican | 5 | Myersville, Emmitsburg, Thurmont | 2022 |
The Frederick County state's attorney, first elected November 2, 2010, and re-elected in 2018 and 2022, is Charlie Smith, a Republican.
The sheriff of Frederick County is Republican Chuck Jenkins.
Frederick County's fire and rescue service is handled by a combination career and volunteer service delivery system. The county employs over 450 career firefighters. Volunteers of the 26 volunteer fire and rescue corporations number approximately 300 active operational members. Fire, rescue and emergency medical services, including advanced life support, are handled by career staffing supplemented by volunteers. The county has a Maryland State Police Medevac located at the Frederick Municipal Airport and is designated "Trooper 3". Trooper 3 handles calls throughout the state, but provides immediate assistance to local police, fire and rescue services.

### Politics

Like the rest of German-influenced Western Maryland, Frederick County was once staunchly Republican, with Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 being the last Democrat to carry it in a presidential election until Joe Biden carried the county in 2020. The growth of the county with migration from Washington D.C. had begun to narrow the margins starting from 2008, with John McCain only edging out Barack Obama by only 1,157 votes out of over one hundred thousand cast in the 2008 election.
Democratic strength is mostly concentrated in the City of Frederick, while the suburban and rural areas of the county lean more Republican.
Voter registration and party enrollment as of March 2024 :
| | Democratic | 77,554 | 38.5% |
| | Republican | 67,917 | 33.72% |
| | Unaffiliated | 52,948 | 26.29% |
| | Libertarian | 1,245 | 0.62% |
| | Other parties | 1,750 | 0.87% |
| Total | Total | 201,414 | 100% |
United States presidential election results for Frederick County, Maryland :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 68,753 | 44.04% | 82,409 | 52.79% | 4,952 | 3.17% |
| 2020 | 63,682 | 43.73% | 77,675 | 53.34% | 4,258 | 2.92% |
| 2016 | 59,522 | 47.36% | 56,522 | 44.97% | 9,633 | 7.66% |
| 2012 | 58,798 | 50.21% | 55,146 | 47.09% | 3,171 | 2.71% |
| 2008 | 55,170 | 49.62% | 54,013 | 48.58% | 2,003 | 1.80% |
| 2004 | 59,934 | 59.58% | 39,503 | 39.27% | 1,157 | 1.15% |
| 2000 | 45,350 | 57.65% | 30,725 | 39.06% | 2,586 | 3.29% |
| 1996 | 34,494 | 52.82% | 25,081 | 38.41% | 5,728 | 8.77% |
| 1992 | 31,290 | 48.37% | 21,848 | 33.77% | 11,553 | 17.86% |
| 1988 | 32,575 | 65.32% | 17,061 | 34.21% | 231 | 0.46% |
| 1984 | 29,606 | 68.67% | 13,411 | 31.11% | 96 | 0.22% |
| 1980 | 22,033 | 56.31% | 13,629 | 34.83% | 3,468 | 8.86% |
| 1976 | 17,941 | 55.23% | 14,542 | 44.77% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 19,907 | 69.48% | 8,235 | 28.74% | 509 | 1.78% |
| 1968 | 13,649 | 51.87% | 8,316 | 31.60% | 4,348 | 16.52% |
| 1964 | 9,264 | 38.90% | 14,548 | 61.10% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 13,408 | 57.50% | 9,910 | 42.50% | 1 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 14,387 | 65.38% | 7,619 | 34.62% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 14,562 | 64.86% | 7,851 | 34.97% | 38 | 0.17% |
| 1948 | 9,934 | 57.77% | 7,142 | 41.53% | 121 | 0.70% |
| 1944 | 11,367 | 57.13% | 8,528 | 42.87% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 10,485 | 48.02% | 11,255 | 51.55% | 93 | 0.43% |
| 1936 | 9,500 | 46.83% | 10,722 | 52.85% | 64 | 0.32% |
| 1932 | 7,144 | 39.64% | 10,686 | 59.29% | 194 | 1.08% |
| 1928 | 12,569 | 62.57% | 7,406 | 36.87% | 114 | 0.57% |
| 1924 | 8,441 | 49.35% | 7,740 | 45.25% | 925 | 5.41% |
| 1920 | 9,559 | 54.57% | 7,747 | 44.22% | 212 | 1.21% |
| 1916 | 5,725 | 47.61% | 6,094 | 50.67% | 207 | 1.72% |
| 1912 | 2,813 | 24.76% | 5,545 | 48.81% | 3,002 | 26.43% |
| 1908 | 5,966 | 52.72% | 5,158 | 45.58% | 192 | 1.70% |
| 1904 | 5,788 | 52.83% | 5,004 | 45.67% | 164 | 1.50% |
| 1900 | 6,391 | 51.30% | 5,820 | 46.72% | 246 | 1.97% |
| 1896 | 6,352 | 53.20% | 5,214 | 43.67% | 374 | 3.13% |
| 1892 | 5,502 | 48.12% | 5,643 | 49.35% | 289 | 2.53% |
| 1888 | 5,822 | 50.89% | 5,385 | 47.07% | 233 | 2.04% |
| 1884 | 5,497 | 50.59% | 5,204 | 47.89% | 165 | 1.52% |
| 1880 | 5,764 | 52.13% | 5,278 | 47.73% | 16 | 0.14% |
| 1876 | 5,260 | 51.42% | 4,970 | 48.58% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1872 | 5,186 | 56.06% | 4,065 | 43.94% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1868 | 3,869 | 50.36% | 3,813 | 49.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1864 | 3,553 | 60.68% | 2,302 | 39.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1860 | 103 | 1.40% | 445 | 6.07% | 6,783 | 92.52% |
| 1856 | 21 | 0.30% | 3,304 | 46.87% | 3,724 | 52.83% |
| 1852 | 3,204 | 48.85% | 3,342 | 50.95% | 13 | 0.20% |
| 1848 | 3,158 | 51.26% | 2,983 | 48.42% | 20 | 0.32% |
| 1844 | 3,190 | 51.58% | 2,994 | 48.42% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1840 | 2,958 | 53.00% | 2,623 | 47.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1836 | 3,130 | 50.94% | 3,015 | 49.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
In state-level elections, Republicans in Frederick rebounded to more historical levels in the 2010 Maryland gubernatorial and senatorial elections, giving the Republican Ehrlich–Kane ticket 55% to Democrat O'Malley–Brown's 45. Frederick voters also supported Republican Senate challenger Eric Wargotz over incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Mikulski by a margin of 51–46, even as Mikulski was winning statewide by a landslide 61–37. Despite its conservative reputation, Frederick County voted in favor of Maryland Question 6, which legalized same-sex marriage in Maryland. In the 2014 gubernatorial race, Republican Larry Hogan won Frederick County strongly with 63 percent of the vote compared to Democrat Anthony Brown's 35 percent. In the 2018 elections, despite increased support for Hogan, the Democrats experienced significant gains, securing a majority on the County Council and winning District 3B in the House of Delegates. The Senate election also saw incumbent U.S. Senator Ben Cardin win Frederick County with 51.7% of the vote. After Biden's win in 2020, the trend towards Democrats continued in 2022, as Democrats increased their majority on the County Council by one seat and gubernatorial candidate Wes Moore won the county with over 53% of the vote compared to 43% for Republican and Emmitsburg resident Dan Cox, the first time Frederick County voted for a Democratic gubernatorial candidate since William Donald Schaefer's landslide victory in 1986. In the Senate election also held in 2022, incumbent Democratic Senator Chris Van Hollen won the county 55.3% to 44.6% over Republican Chris Chaffee.
Gubernatorial elections results :
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third parties |
| 2022 | 43.19% 46,040 | 53.46% 56,992 | 3.34% 3,576 |
| 2018 | 67.67% 72,560 | 31.11% 33,355 | 1.22% 1,304 |
| 2014 | 63.34% 50,715 | 34.57% 27,682 | 2.09% 1,675 |
| 2010 | 54.74% 41,410 | 42.59% 32,222 | 2.67% 2,021 |
| 2006 | 59.57% 43,536 | 39.19% 28,644 | 1.24% 908 |
| 2002 | 65.98% 43,646 | 33.12% 21,913 | 0.9% 596 |

### Public safety

The Frederick County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, jail management and morgue operation for the entire county. It provides police patrol and detective services within the unincorporated areas of Frederick County. The entire county entails a population of 222,938 within 662.88 square miles (1,716.9 km$^2$). Frederick City, Brunswick, Mount Airy, Emmitsburg and Thurmont have municipal police departments. Middletown contracts with the Sheriff's Office for its policing.

## Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported for each type of offense from 2012 to 2019.
| Year | Homicide | Forcible sex offense | Assault | Robbery | Burglary | Theft | Motor vehicle theft | Fraud | Arson |
| 2012 | 0 | 71 | 45 | 9 | 153 | 198 | 5 | 41 | 11 |
| 2013 | 4 | 50 | 36 | 23 | 139 | 85 | 10 | 46 | 17 |
| 2014 | 0 | 61 | 30 | 23 | 169 | 161 | 3 | 42 | 9 |
| 2015 | 4 | 56 | 32 | 23 | 150 | 124 | 4 | 47 | 10 |
| 2016 | 1 | 53 | 31 | 26 | 134 | 142 | 12 | 62 | 4 |
| 2017 | 3 | 64 | 35 | 24 | 134 | 145 | 18 | 57 | 8 |
| 2018 | 1 | 52 | 33 | 16 | 103 | 158 | 7 | 85 | 4 |
| 2019 | 1 | 56 | 45 | 17 | 97 | 147 | 18 | 77 | 9 |

## Economy

The U.S. Census Bureau reported the following data for Frederick County, June 6, 2011.
| Metric | Frederick County | Maryland |
| Per capita money income in past 12 months (2013 dollars), 2009–2013 | $36,917 | $36,354 |
| Median household income, 2009–2013 | $84,570 | $73,538 |
| Persons below poverty level, percent, 2009–2013 | 6.1% | 9.8% |
| Private nonfarm establishments, 2013 | 5,955 | 135,4211 |
| Private nonfarm employment, 2013 | 83,799 | 2,182,2601 |
| Private nonfarm employment, percent change, 2012-2013 | 1.1% | 1.4% |
| Nonemployer establishments, 2012 | 16,843 | 442,314 |
| Total number of firms, 2007 | 21,430 | 528,112 |
| Black-owned firms, percent | 5.9% | 19.3% |
| Asian-owned firms, percent | 3.3% | 6.8% |
| Hispanic-owned firms, percent, 2007 | 3.6% | 4.9% |
| Women-owned firms | 31.1% | 32.6% |
| Manufacturers shipments, 2007 ($1000) | 3,003,696 | 41,456,097 |
| Merchant wholesaler sales, 2007 ($1000) | 1,252,142 | 51,276,797 |
| Retail sales, 2007 ($1000) | 3,066,281 | 75,664,186 |
| Retail sales per capita, 2007 | $13,629 | $13,429 |
| Accommodation and food services sales, 2007 ($1000) | 356,482 | 10,758,428 |
| Building permits, 2013 | 1,220 | 17,918 |
According to the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development, the following are the principal employers in Frederick County. This list excludes U.S. post offices and state and local governments, but includes public institutions of higher education.
| Employer | Employees (Nov. 2014) |
| Fort Detrick (including Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research) | 4,600 |
| Frederick Memorial Healthcare System | 2,696 |
| Wells Fargo Home Mortgage | 1,881 |
| Leidos Biomedical Research | 1,836 |
| Bechtel | 1,578 |
| Frederick Community College | 1,055 |
| State Farm Insurance | 900 |
| Walmart/Sam's Club | 700 |
| AstraZeneca | 595 |
| Lonza Walkersville | 520 |
| Hood College | 519 |
| Mount St. Mary's University | 511 |
| UnitedHealthcare | 500 |
| McDonald's | 499 |
| Giant Food | 490 |
| Way Station | 480 |
| Costco Wholesale | 452 |
| Life Technologies | 450 |
| NVR | 450 |
| Wegmans Food Markets | 445 |
| Home Depot | 444 |
| Plamondon Companies | 400 |
| Stulz Air Technology Systems | 375 |
| Weis Markets | 363 |
| RR Donnelley | 359 |
| YMCA of Frederick County | 350 |
| Canam Steel | 333 |
| Giant Eagle | 330 |
| Homewood Retirement Centers | 300 |
| Toys "R" Us | 260 |
| Trans-Tech | 260 |
Frederick County leads Maryland in milk production; the county's dairy herds account for one-third of the state's total. However, the dairy market is unstable, and the county, like the state more broadly, has lost dairy farms.

## Communities
### Cities

* Brunswick
* Frederick (county seat)

### Towns

* Burkittsville
* Emmitsburg
* Middletown
* Mount Airy (partly in Carroll County)
* Myersville
* New Market
* Thurmont
* Walkersville
* Woodsboro

### Village

* Rosemont

### Census-designated places

The Census Bureau recognizes the following census-designated places in the county:
* Adamstown
* Ballenger Creek
* Bartonsville
* Braddock Heights
* Buckeystown
* Green Valley
* Jefferson
* Libertytown
* Linganore
* Monrovia
* Point of Rocks
* Sabillasville
* Spring Ridge
* Urbana

### Unincorporated communities

* Charlesville
* Clover Hill
* Creagerstown
* Discovery
* Garfield
* Graceham
* Ijamsville
* Knoxville
* Ladiesburg
* Lewistown
* Lake Linganore
* Linganore
* Mountaindale
* Mount Pleasant
* New Midway
* Petersville
* Rocky Ridge
* Spring Garden
* Sunny Side
* Tuscarora
* Unionville
* Utica
* Wolfsville

## Education

The school district for the county is Frederick County Public Schools.
A statewide school for the deaf, Maryland School for the Deaf, is in Frederick.

## Notable people

Notable people from Frederick County include:
* Shadrach Bond, first governor of Illinois
* Lawrence Everhart, soldier in the American Revolutionary War
* Barbara Fritchie, Unionist subject of 1863 Civil War poem by John Greenleaf Whittier
* Thomas Johnson, delegate to First Continental Congress and U.S. Supreme Court judge
* Francis Scott Key, wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner" in 1814, which became the U.S. national anthem in 1931
* Adamson Tannehill, soldier and member of the United States House of Representatives
* Roger B. Taney, fifth U.S. Supreme Court chief justice