OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bankura Hindu High School

23°13′57″N 87°4′41″E﻿ / ﻿23.23250°N 87.07806°E﻿ / 23.23250; 87.07806
Bankura Hindu High School is one of the oldest schools in Bankura District, West Bengal, India. This school, popularly known as Hindu School, was founded in 1894. The main language of instruction is Bengali.

## History

BANKURA HINDU HIGH SCHOOL:-
In the year of 1894 A. D., a distinguished person named Dakshinaranjan Barat and some of his associates of the contemporary Bankura town, established a middle English school named 'Hindu School' in the town. The school was at first at Doltala locality, then accommodated in a mudbuilt house (on the spot where, there is now 'Deshbandhu Byayam Vidyalaya) and then shifted at the personal initiative of Dakshinacharan to a building erected by him at Nutanganj (now Bankura Town High School building) as a High School. Finally Bankura Hindu High School was shifted to a spacious and majestic building of its own in the year of 1934 A.D. as inscribed on the well sunk in its premises, by the Pilgrim road. It was recognised as a High English School by the Calcutta University in 1900 A.D. The school sprang up just before the shifting of the Missionary School to elsewhere, from Kuchkuchia. According to some senior teachers of the school, it grew up in a nationalistic spirit to combat the influence of the missionaries in the town and so it was named 'Hindu School.

## Affiliation

This school is affiliated to West Bengal Board of Secondary Education & West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education
# Meniscus (liquid)

In physics (particularly fluid statics), the meniscus (pl.: menisci, from Greek 'crescent') is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension.
A concave meniscus occurs when the attraction between the particles of the liquid and the container (adhesion) is more than half the attraction of the particles of the liquid to each other (cohesion), causing the liquid to climb the walls of the container (see Surface tension § Causes). This occurs between water and glass. Water-based fluids like sap, honey, and milk also have a concave meniscus in glass or other wettable containers.
Conversely, a convex meniscus occurs when the adhesion energy is less than half the cohesion energy. Convex menisci occur, for example, between mercury and glass in barometers and thermometers.
In general, the shape of the surface of a liquid can be complex. For a sufficiently narrow tube with circular cross-section, the shape of the meniscus will approximate a section of a spherical surface, while for a large container, most of the upper surface of the liquid will be almost flat, only curving up (if concave) or down (if convex) near the edges.

## Contact angle and surface tension

The formation of menisci is commonly used in surface science to measure contact angles and surface tension. In a contact angle measurement, the shape of the menisci is measured with a balance or optically with a digital camera. In a surface tension measurement, the measurement probe has a contact angle of zero and the surface tension can be obtained by measuring the mass of the menisci. This is typically done with a Wilhelmy plate.

## Measurement of volumes

When reading a depth scale on the side of an instrument filled with liquid, such as a water level device, the meniscus must be taken into account in order to obtain an accurate measurement. Depth must be measured with the meniscus at eye level (to eliminate parallax error) and at the center of the meniscus, i.e. the top of a convex meniscus or the bottom of a concave meniscus.
Manufacturers of glassware and other tools calibrate their measurement marks to account for the meniscus. This means that any instrument is calibrated for a specific liquid, usually water.

## Capillary action

Menisci are a manifestation of capillary action, by which either surface adhesion pulls a liquid up to form a concave meniscus, or internal cohesion pulls the liquid down to form a convex meniscus. This phenomenon is important in transpirational pull in plants. When a tube of a narrow bore, often called a capillary tube, is dipped into a liquid and the liquid wets the tube (with zero contact angle), the liquid surface inside the tube forms a concave meniscus, which is a virtually spherical surface having the same radius, r, as the inside of the tube. The tube experiences a downward force of magnitude 2πrσ, where σ is the surface tension of the liquid.
# H. V. Redfield

Horace Victor Eugene Redfield (1845–1881) was a journalist with the Cincinnati Commercial and the author of a book comparing violence in the northern and southern United States. He was born in Eden, New York. When he was four his father died.
He was born in Erie County, New York. His father died while he was young, and he moved with his mother to Jasper, Tennessee in 1860.
Pennsylvania State University has a collection of his papers.

## Book

* Homicide North and South (1880)

## Personal life

He married Jennette Hamlin, daughter of Byron D. Hamlin, in 1896.
# Ptilotus brachyanthus

Ptilotus brachyanthus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It was first formally described in 1870 by George Bentham who gave it the name Trichinium brachyanthum in Flora Australiensis from an unpublished description by Ferdinand von Mueller. In 1882, von Mueller transferred the species to Ptilotus as P. brachyanthus in his Systematic Census of Australian Plants.
There are two records of this species from pre-1900 and a few records from places between Augathella and Longreach in the 20th century, but it is only otherwise known from Mueller's type collection, presumably from the western Northern Territory.
Ptilotus brachyanthus is listed as "endangered" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
# Samsung Gravity (original)

The Samsung Gravity (SGH-T459) is a slider feature phone with a full QWERTY keypad. It was first released for T-Mobile USA. The Samsung SGH-T349 is a mobile phone available through T-Mobile and announced on May 20, 2009 that has many similarities to the original Gravity.

## Features

Although the Gravity's main feature is its QWERTY keyboard, there are other capabilities included with it.

### Applications and games

From T-Zones, one can download Java applications that run on mobile phones and store them in the phone.

### Music player

Supports MP3 file formats, and can be added via Universal Serial Bus (USB), MicroSD, or Bluetooth. It is also possible to listen to music with a wireless Bluetooth headset. Songs can be set as a ringtone or alarm tone.

### Camera

The Samsung Gravity has a basic 1.3-megapixel camera with digital zoom, multi-shot, and camcorder capabilities. Photos can be set as wallpaper or Caller ID.

## Availability

In the United States, this phone was released on T-Mobile USA. In Canada, the Gravity 2 was previously available first on Rogers Wireless, then later on its Chatr brand. Both carriers have discontinued the device in 2011. They now carry other QWERTY feature phones instead.
# Urwa

Urwa or Urwah is a arabic orgin muslim girl name meaning strong support.

## People

* Urwa ibn al-Ward (555–607), pre-Islamic poet
* Urwah ibn Mas'ud, semi-legendary chieftain of Taif
* Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713), tabi'i Muslim historian
* Urwah al-Bariqi (c.610–681), companion of Muhammad
* Urwa Tul Wusqa, Pakistani actress and model

## Places

* Narimanovo Airport (ICAO code URWA), an airport in Astrakhan, Russia
* Urwa, India, a locality in Mangalore, India
* 'Urwah, Saudi Arabia, a village in Al Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia
* Abu `Urwah, a village in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia.
# Carl Sagan Institute

The Carl Sagan Institute: Pale Blue Dot and Beyond was founded in 2014 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York to further the search for habitable planets and moons in and outside the Solar System. It is focused on the characterization of exoplanets and the instruments to search for signs of life in the universe. The founder and current director of the institute is astronomer Lisa Kaltenegger.
The institute, inaugurated in 2014 and renamed on 9 May 2015, collaborates with international institutions on fields such as astrophysics, engineering, earth and atmospheric science, geology and biology with the goal of taking an interdisciplinary approach to the search for life elsewhere in the universe and of the origin of life on Earth.
Carl Sagan was a faculty member at Cornell University beginning in 1968. He was the David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies there until his death in 1996.

## Research

The main goal of the Carl Sagan Institute is to model atmospheric spectral signatures including biosignatures of known and hypothetical planets and moons to explore whether they could be habitable and how they could be detected. Their research focuses on exoplanets and moons orbiting in the habitable zone around their host stars. The atmospheric characterization of such worlds would allow researchers to potentially detect the first habitable exoplanet. A team member has already produced a "color catalog" that could help scientists look for signs of life on exoplanets.

### Bioreflectance spectra catalog

Team scientists used 137 different microorganism species, including extremophiles that were isolated from Earth's most extreme environments, and cataloged how each life form uniquely reflects sunlight in the visible and near-infrared to the short-wavelength infrared (0.35–2.5 μm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This database of individual 'reflection fingerprints' (spectrum) might be used by astronomers as potential biosignatures to find large colonies of microscopic life on distant exoplanets. A combination of organisms would produce a mixed spectrum, also cataloged, of light bouncing off the planet. The method will also be applied to spot vegetation. The goal of the catalog is to provide astronomers with a baseline comparison to help scientists interpret the data that will come back from telescopes like the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and the European Extremely Large Telescope.
Ultraviolet radiation on life forms could also induce biofluorescence in visible wavelengths. An exoplanet orbiting an M-type star with these life forms would glow when exposed to solar flares, allowing it to be detected by the new generations of space observatories.

### Other catalogs and models

Institute scientists have catalogued the spectral emissions and albedo of Solar System objects, including all eight planets, nine moons, and two dwarf planets. They have also modeled Earth's atmosphere throughout geological history. Exoplanets with similar conditions to early Earth are considered candidates for emerging life forms.
# Brad Breeck

Bradley Joseph Breeck is an American composer and musician, best known for his work with Disney Television Animation. He wrote the theme song for Gravity Falls and Star vs. the Forces of Evil, and has written the scores for numerous TV shows and films from several companies.

## Career

Brad Breeck was originally a member of the Los Angeles-based experimental punk band The Mae Shi, which he joined while he was studying at the California Institute of the Arts. In 2007, he left the band to focus on making music for TV and films. In 2011, he formed another band called Skull Tape. He is influenced from a wide variety of musical styles and grew up listening to mostly Christian heavy metal. He began working for Disney full-time when he pitched the Gravity Falls theme song to Disney Channel.
In 2017, Breeck won a Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing for the Nickelodeon TV film Albert.

## Filmography
### Films

* Someone's Knocking at the Door (2009)
* Bad Fairy (as Brad Joseph Breeck) (2012)
* Damaged Gods (as Brad Joseph Breeck) (2014)
* Albert (2016)
* Lucky (2019)
* The Yucca Sisters (2020)
* We Bare Bears: The Movie (2020)
* Secret Magic Control Agency (2021)

### Television

* Shorty McShorts' Shorts (2006) (3 episodes)
* Random! Cartoons (2007–2009) (2 episodes)
* Fanboy & Chum Chum (2009–2012) (51 episodes)
* Awkward. (2011–2016) (55 episodes)
* Gravity Falls (2012–2016) (40 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* Robot and Monster (2012–2014) (24 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja (as Brad Joseph Breeck) (2012–2014) (10 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* Star vs. the Forces of Evil (2015–2019) (54 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* We Bare Bears (2015–2019) (104 episodes; end credits)
* Pickle and Peanut (2015–2018) (21 episodes; end credits)
* Whisker Haven (as Brad Joseph Breeck) (2015–2018) (24 episodes)
* Voltron: Legendary Defender (2016–2018) (76 episodes)
* Snezhnaya Koroleva: Khraniteli Chudes (2019 miniseries) (26 episodes)
* The Owl House (2020–2023) (24 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* Glitch Techs (2020) (19 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* Middlemost Post (2021–2023) (14 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* The Smurfs (2021–2023) (78 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* Trivia Quest (2022) (30 episodes; wrote the theme song)
* Kiff (2023–present) (32 episode; wrote the theme song)
* StuGo (2025-present) (20 episodes; wrote the theme song)
# Eoporpita

Eoporpita is a disc or ellipse-shaped Ediacaran fossil with unsure taxonomy/classification. It is known from its type species, Eoporpita medusa, the only species within the genus Eoporpita.

## Classification debate/interpretations

There are a few different interpretations of Eoporpita's taxonomy. The taxobox to the right describes Eoporpita as Mary Wade first did in 1972 as a Hydrozoa member and within the phylum Cnidaria. However, more recently, Eoporpita has been reinterpreted as either a benthic organism like a xenophyophore or the internal contents of Aspidella, together forming a holdfast for a frond-like organism. More research on Eoporpita is needed.

## Morphology

General morphology:
Eoporpita is circular with radial symmetry. Its surface is smooth with some radial striae and a raised central dome. Annular shaped chambers surround the central dome, similar in look to ring-shaped ripples in a water body. Its average radius is from 2 to over 8 cm.
Wade interpretation:
Eoporpita's aboral surface is the side with its central dome. Two series of club-shaped 'tentacles' emanate from the central dome. The outer series of 'tentacles,' interpreted as dactylozooids, are all about the same length. On the other hand, the inner series of 'tentacles,' interpreted as gonozooids, are shorter but of varying lengths. These zooids' presence suggests that Eoporpita was a colonial organism. The 'tentacles' appear massed and stacked, with the fossil being tallest at the central dome and thinning out closer to its edges.
Holdfast interpretation:
There are two series of club-shaped 'lobes' radiating from the central dome of Eoporpita. The outer series of 'lobes' are all of relatively the same length, while the inner 'lobes' are shorter but of varying lengths. These lobes are most likely hollow and separated as opposed to massed together. The 'lobes' appear to form tiers.

## Etymology

Eoporpita's namesake is Porpita, a genus of hydrozoans in the family Porpitidae. When describing Eoporpita in 1972, Mary Wade noticed slight similarities in their affinities. However, Wade ultimately decided that Eoporpita's 'tentacles,' which she interpreted as dactylozooids and gonozooids, differentiated the two enough.

## Occurrence

Specimens of Eoporpita have been found in:
* Flinders Ranges, Australia
* Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada
* White Sea, Russia
# Walton, New South Wales

Walton is a bounded rural locality, and cadastral parish, 100 kilometers south of Nyngan, New South Wales. It is located at 32°10′26″S 146°34′16″E on Gunningbar Creek near the junction with the Bogan River and is in Bogan Shire and Flinders County. The locality is south of the town of Nymagee, and west of Tottenham, New South Wales.

## History

The original inhabitants of the area were the Wiradjuri Aboriginal tribe, though anthropologist Norman Tindale believed the area around "The Overflow" (opposite bank of the creek) was traditional lands of the neighboring Wangaibon a tribe of the Ngiyambaa peoples. though this may have been due to an error in one of his source materials.
Thomas Mitchell explored the area around the Bogan River in 1835.
# Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Wrocław–Koszalin

The Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Eparchy of Wrocław–Koszalin (Wrocław–Koszalin of the Ukrainians) is a suffragan eparchy (Eastern Catholic diocese) in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolis of Przemyśl-Warsaw [pl], which covers some part of Poland for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (Byzantine rite in Ukrainian language) parallel to the Latin hierarchy. It depends from the Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches.
Its episcopal see is the St. Vincent and St. James Cathedral in Wrocław (western Poland), in the administrative Dolnośląskie Province (Lower Silesian Voivodeship).

## Statistics

As per 2015, it pastorally served 25,000 Catholics in 56 parishes with 33 priests (32 diocesan, 1 religious), 10 lay religious (1 brother, 9 sisters) and 2 seminarians.

## History

* 24 May 1996: the Eparchy was established as Eparchy of Wrocław–Gdańsk from the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Przemyśl–Warsaw.
* 25 November 2020: Changed name from Eparchy of Wrocław–Gdańsk to Eparchy of Wrocław–Koszalin
* 25 November 2020: Lost territory along with the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Przemyśl–Warsaw to establish the new Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Olsztyn–Gdańsk
* February 6, 2023: the Eparchy of Wrocław–Koszalin, as well as the entire metropolis of Przemyśl-Warsaw [pl], taking into account the previous decision of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Ukraine and the opinion of the Delegates of the Joint Diocesan Council in Porszewice in June 2022, decided to switch to the Revised Julian calendar from September 1, 2023.

## Eparchial bishops
### Eparchs of Wrocław–Gdańsk

* Teodor Majkowicz (12 July 1997 – death 9 May 1998)
** Administrator Fr. Petro Kryk (1998 – 1999)
* Wlodzimierz Roman Juszczak, O.S.B.M. (24 April 1999 – ...)
# Estill, South Carolina

Estill is a town in Hampton County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 2,040 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Estill is located 52 miles (84 km) north of Savannah, Georgia, 64 miles (103 km) northwest of Hilton Head Island and 93 miles (150 km) west of Charleston. The major industries are timber and agriculture.

## History

The town of Estill is located in the southern half of Hampton County. The town is named for Colonel John Holbrook Estill. Estill was formed in 1900 when the railroad, later Seaboard Air Line Railroad, needed a rail line between Augusta, Georgia and Savannah, Georgia. Upon construction of the rail line, the new town of Estill was incorporated in 1905.
The John Lawton House and Lawtonville Baptist Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Federal Correctional Institution, Estill is located near the town.

### 2020 Tornado

In the early morning hours of April 13, 2020, a large, violent EF4 Tornado struck areas just south of Estill. The tornado (which packed winds of 175 MPH) killed 5 and injured around 60 people. The nearby community of Nixville, South Carolina suffered a direct hit from the tornado, and sustained the brunt of the twister's impacts. The Federal Correctional Institution, Estill also sustained damage, resulting in many of the prison's inmates being temporarily transferred to the United States Penitentiary, Lewisburg in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. The tornado was the first violent tornado in South Carolina since 1995.

## Education

There are three schools in the town: Estill Middle, and Estill Elementary, all of which are a part of Hampton County's School District 2, and Patrick Henry Academy, a private school.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Estill racial composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 297 | 16.31% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 1,413 | 77.59% |
| Asian | 6 | 0.33% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.05% |
| Other/Mixed | 26 | 1.43% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 78 | 4.28% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,821 people, 889 households, and 620 families residing in the town.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,040 people, residing in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 16.0% White, 77.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.1% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.8% of the population.
There were 909 households, in which 79.5% were occupied and 20.5% were vacant.
In the town, the population was comprised by 30.8% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 20 to 29, 10.3% from 30 to 39, 12.0% from 40 to 49, and 12.6% from 50 to 59, 11.9% from 60 to 69 and 10.85% over 69 years old.

## Government

Kim Wiley, Mayor of Estill, is the first woman to hold the office.

## Notable people

* Benny Gordon, (1932–2008), singer
* Hilda Grayson Finney (1913–1976), educator
# Fiji at the 2017 World Games

Fiji competed at the World Games 2017 in Wrocław, Poland, from 20 July 2017 to 30 July 2017.

## Competitors

| Sports | Men | Women | Total | Events |
| Karate | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## Karate

Fiji has qualified at the 2017 World Games:
* Men's Kumite -75 kg - 1 quota (Joji Veremalua)