OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Volcano observatory

A volcano observatory is an institution that conducts research and monitoring of a volcano.
Each observatory provides continuous and periodic monitoring of the seismicity, other geophysical changes, ground movements, volcanic gas chemistry, and hydrologic conditions and activity between and during eruptions. They also provide a detailed record of eruptions in progress.

## Monitor

These observations serve to characterize eruptive behavior, identify the nature of precursory activity leading to eruption, define the processes by which different types of deposits are emplaced, and specify the hazards that could be unleashed by each kind of eruption. From direct observation of precursory signs, it is possible to anticipate eruptions. In times of volcanic unrest, observatories issue warnings and recommendations - they take on an advisory role for decision-making governmental civil defense agencies (the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the U.S. or the Protezione Civile in Italy) and ideally continue producing observational data.
Earthquakes Underlying all observatory operations is an ongoing program of fundamental research in volcanic processes, supplemented by collaborative studies with universities, government agencies (in the U.S. for instance with other US Geological Survey centers, and NOAA), industry and non-governmental organizations. Such research typically includes direct interpretation of the monitoring and eruption data, and it leads to formulation of conceptual models that can be tested by theoretical or laboratory simulations of volcanic systems.
Almost all observatories are members of the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO). The oldest volcano observatory is the Osservatorio Vesuviano (founded 1841) in Naples, now a member of the Italian government agency INGV.
# Harris Bridge (Wren, Oregon)

The Harris Bridge, located near Wren, Oregon, is a covered bridge listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Harris Bridge was named for George Harris, an early settler.
# SLNS Sagara

SLNS Sagara (Sagara meaning: Sea) is an Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) of the Sri Lanka Navy. It was formerly the ICGS Varaha (41), a Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel of the Indian Coast Guard, leased to Sri Lanka in 2006 and was handed over to the Sri Lanka Navy in 2015.

## History

Commissioned on 11 March 1992, CGS Varaha (41) served with the Indian Coast Guard until she was leased to Sri Lanka in 2006. In August 2015 Sri Lanka acquired the ship for permanent use.

## Operations

Since 2006, SLNS Sagara was tasked with deep sea patrolling both within the Sri Lankan territorial waters and in international waters to curb ongoing arms smuggling by the LTTE during the Sri Lankan Civil War. In the later stages of the war after undergoing a major refit in India, Sagara, along with other OPVs of the Sri Lankan Navy, has been able to successfully intercept several ships smuggling arms for the LTTE. In all these cases the ships were sunk when they attacked the naval vessels with mortars.
# Mariusz Rybicki

Mariusz Rybicki (born 13 March 1993) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for III liga club Lechia Tomaszów Mazowiecki.
# Minbu District

Minbu District is a district of the Magway Division in central Myanmar. The city of Minbu is the administrative centre. Minbu District has 5 townships.

## List of city and towns by urban population

| Rank | City/Town | Township | 2014 Census (2019 Estimate) | 1993 Estimate | Change |
| 1 | Minbu | Minbu Township | 39,884 | 42,809 | −6.83% |
| 2 | Salin | Salin Township | 20,401 | 12,158 | +67.80% |
| 3 | Sagu | Minbu Township | 14,366 | 13,522 | +6.24% |
| 4 | Pwintbyu | Pwintbyu Township | 6,476 | 5,350 | +21.05% |
| 5 | Sinhpyukyun | Salin Township | 6,756 | 0 | NA |
| 6 | Sidoktaya | Sidoktaya Township | 4,971 | 6,514 | −23.69% |
| 7 | Ngape | Ngape Township | 4,138 | 6,514 | −36.48% |

## Borders

Minbu District is bounded to the south by Thayet District, to the east by Magway District, to the north by Pakokku District, to the northwest by Mindat District of Chin State, and to the west by Sittwe District of Rakhine State and Kyaukpyu District of Rakhine State.

## Townships

The district contains the following townships:
* Minbu Township
* Pwintbyu Township
* Ngape Township
* Salin Township
* Sidoktaya Township
# Laughery Creek Bridge

The Laughery Creek Bridge is the only known example of a triple Whipple truss bridge; it is located on the border of Dearborn County, Indiana, and Ohio County, Indiana. It crosses Laughery Creek. This bridge was built in 1868. The Wrought Iron Bridge Company, a prolific late 19th-century bridge company, constructed the bridge. The bridge is seated on stone abutments. The deck surface is not original and is currently concrete. The bridge, nearly 300 feet (91 m) in length, is a single-span, pin-connected, triple-intersection Whipple through truss, and is the only example in the world of this truss type. The name bridge's nickname, "Triple Whipple Bridge" is a play on words. The double-intersection Pratt, which was called the Whipple truss configuration, was a far more common variation of the standard Pratt configuration. Since the Laughery Creek Bridge's members have three intersections instead of two, this gives rise to the "Triple Whipple" name. This bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
After closing in the 1970s, the bridge fell into serious disrepair, landing it on Indiana's 10 Most Endangered places list in 1993. A combination of federal funds and matching funds from Dearborn and Ohio Counties allowed the bridge to be refurbished and converted to pedestrian use in 2009.
# FSpace Publications

FSpace Publications is a role-playing game publisher founded in 1991. The company is an active publisher of science fiction role-playing products.

## History

FSpace Publications was originally established in New Zealand in 1991, originally publishing under the name Future Systems. It was an active part of New Zealand game publishing.
A series revolving around their game The Federation Science Fiction Roleplaying Game was published in the New Zealand gaming magazine Generals, Dragon and Dice, ISSN 1170-5787. Due to playtesters often referring to the game as "FED Space", the developers shortened the title to FSpace in 1994.
In 1995, FSpace Publications published the fanzine,The Meshan Saga, alongside the science-fiction role-playing game, Traveller. The final issue was completed in 1999. Copies of The Meshan Saga were previously housed with the National Archives in Wellington, New Zealand. This includes both physical copies and digital PDFs on CD-ROM, under ISSN 1174-8710. They are currently held in the Alexander Turnbull Library. In 2001, co-founder Martin Rait, began work on a small set of commercial books to be published by FSpace Publications for the Meshan Sector. In late 2002, the project was put on hold, while some minor work continued.
FSpace Publications released many of its Traveller supplements as repackaged generic science fiction role-playing game supplements, under the Far Encounters and Far Frontiers brands. They have since released a World War II naval war game called SeaLion Supremacy along with a 3D miniature line.
The team worked under contract to Jolly Roger Games to produce board game maps for Orcs at the Gates and Chopping Maul.
FSpace Publications have begun to release free materials on the Internet Archive, including copies of 'The Meshan Saga'

## Products
### Role-playing games

* FSpaceRPG - A hard science fiction roleplaying game. First edition came out in 1995 and made its debut at the KapCon 1995 convention in Wellington.
* FED RPG - Repackaged version of the simpler development version of the game used prior to its revamp and rebrand

### War games

* SeaLion Supremacy - A tabletop World War Two naval game, written by Philip Warnes.

### Role-playing Game supplements

* Far Encounters - Travelleresque hard science fiction roleplaying game starships and adventures.
* Far Frontiers - Travelleresque hard science fiction roleplaying game world supplements.
# NKI Fjernundervisning

NKI Fjernundervisning is a Norwegian correspondence school, established in 1959. The school was formerly a part of NKI Norsk Kunnskaps-Institutt AS, but since 2007, is part of the company Anthon B Nilsen. The school is located at Nadderud in Bærum.
NKI offers postal and Internet studies in courses from upper secondary school, post-graduate studies and university college studies.
# Tom Moffat

Tom Moffat (born 2 August 1987) is an Australian cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for South Australia in 2010 and 2011.
In 2020 he was appointed CEO of the Federation of International Cricketers' Associations.
# Chording

Chording is pushing several keys or buttons simultaneously to achieve a result. In music, this results in playing a chord. In computing, chording can have various usages and is frequently used in gaming for more complex inputs.

## Musical keyboards

In music, more than one key are pressed at a time to achieve more complex sounds, or chords.

## Computer keyboards

Chording, with a chorded keyboard or keyer allows one to produce as many characters as a QWERTY keyboard but with fewer keys and less motion per finger.

## Pointers

Mouse chording allows a user to use a two-button mouse, trackball, or touchpad as if it where a three-button device. For example, in the Unix graphical user interface (known as X11), the middle button is used to paste text. Since Microsoft-type mice traditionally only had two buttons, users of Unix-type systems such as Linux and BSD chord the right and left buttons to paste text.

## Multitouch chording

TipTapSpeech an application for the iPhone and iPad is a chord-based text entry solution for touch screen computing.
A GKOS chording keyboard application development for iPhone was started on the GKOS Google Group on 25 May 2009. The application for iPhone became available on 8 May 2010, and a similar application for Android on 3 October 2010. Thumbs are used to press the keys that are located towards the sides of the screen, either a single key or two keys simultaneously. The further development of GKOS has led to the ComboKey keyboard that works better on smartphones. ComboKey also allows one-hand typing with the hand holding the device, generating combinations by occasional swipes to other keys.
Douglas Engelbart, Cherif Algreatly, Valerie Landau, Robert Stephenson, Evan Schaffer, and Eric Matsuno filed a patent in 2010 for a chorded solution for multitouch screens.

## Minesweeper tactic

In Minesweeper, chording may refer to a tactic which is traditionally done by left-clicking and right-clicking at the same time on an uncovered square to uncover all eight adjacent squares if it has the correct number of flags. In many newer versions of Minesweeper, chording can also be done by middle-clicking or by simply left-clicking.
# Hermosa Masonic Lodge

Hermosa Masonic Lodge is an historic Masonic building located in Hermosa, South Dakota, United States. In 1926 Battle River Lodge No. 92 of Hermosa bought the 1889 Hermosa School, stripped it of its brick veneer, belfry and end gable and moved it to what is now 33 North 2nd Street where the remaining wooden shell was converted into a lodge hall. The exterior walls were stuccoed and a false front was added.
Lincoln Borglum, who became the first superintendent of Mount Rushmore after the death of his father in 1941, was a member of Battle River Masonic Lodge No. 92.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. This building is no longer owned by the Masonic Lodge, but now by the Hermosa Arts and History Association, which helps preserve the community's history and culture.
# Laura E. Richards House

The Laura E. Richards House was a historic house located in Gardiner, Maine. Built c.1810, it was a fine local example of Federal period architecture. It was primarily known as the home of Pulitzer Prize-winning author Laura E. Richards during the majority of her writing career. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
The house was damaged and demolished as a result of a fire in December 2022, and was subsequently removed from the National Register in 2024.

## Description and history

The Laura E. Richards House stood in a residential area just south of downtown Gardiner. It was a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof, interior end chimneys, and clapboard exterior with denticulated cornice. The main facade faced northeast toward Dennis Street, and was five bays wide, with the center entrance framed by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by a half-round transom with entablature above. The interior had a typical Federal period central hall layout. Attached to the rear was a 1+1⁄2-story ell with a monitor roof, which joined it to a carriage barn.
The house was built c.1810 by Ebenezer Byram, who had purchased the land from Robert Hallowell Gardiner. In 1878, it was purchased by Henry and Laura E. Richards. Laura Richards was the daughter of Samuel Gridley Howe and Julia Ward Howe, the latter known for being the writer of the song "Battle Hymn of the Republic". The couple moved to Gardiner in 1876 after suffering financial reverses, and it was about that time that Laura Richards began her writing career. She was best known for a series of children's books, and was a corecipient of the inaugural Pulitzer Prize for a biography of her mother.
On December 24, 2022, the house was severely damaged by a fire, and was consequently demolished for safety reasons.
# Roy Beggs Jr

Roy Beggs Jr (born 3 July 1962) is an Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) politician, serving as a Mid and East Antrim Councillor for the Larne Lough DEA since 2023. Beggs served as a Deputy Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly from 2011 to 2016, and 2020 to 2022. He was a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for East Antrim from 1998 to 2022.

## Political career

Beggs was first elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for East Antrim at the 1998 election, where he topped the poll.
At the 2001 local elections, he was elected to Carrickfergus Borough Council, representing the Knockagh District.
During this period, he had been elected as Chairman of the District Policing Partnership and vice-chairman of the Local Strategic Partnership and of the Community Safety Partnership.
Beggs was re-elected to the Assembly at the 2003 election, with 16.7% of first-preference votes.
At the 2007 Assembly election, Beggs was elected on the 12th count with 10.2% of first-preference votes.
Beggs did not seek re-election as a councillor in the 2011 local elections, but did retain his Assembly seat in the Assembly election held the same day.
Following this, Beggs was elected as a Deputy Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly. He served as a member of the Assembly's Social Development Committee, Public Accounts Committee, Health Committee, Environment Committee, Finance Committee, Deputy Chairman of the Agriculture Committee and Regional Development Committee. He is the Ulster Unionist Party spokesperson on Social Development.
Beggs was the Ulster Unionist candidate for East Antrim at the 2015 UK General election, where he came second to the incumbent MP, Sammy Wilson, of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).
He lost his seat to Danny Donnelly of the Alliance Party in the 2022 Assembly election.
In the 2023 local elections, Beggs was elected onto Mid and East Antrim Borough Council as his party’s representative for the Larne Lough District.

## Personal life

Beggs is the son of the politician Roy Beggs, who was the UUP Member of Parliament (MP) for East Antrim from 1983 to 2005.
In 2003, Beggs succeeded in having Irish rebel music removed from the in-flight entertainment of Aer Lingus airplanes. He complained of the "blatant promotion of militant, armed republicanism" on a music channel during a flight from Dublin to Boston after seeing that Derek Warfield had a radio channel dedicated to his music. Beggs, it was the same as "the speeches of Osama Bin Laden being played on a trans-Atlantic Arabian airline." Aer Lingus removed the material from their flights, stating: "It is something that should not have been on board and we removed it immediately we became aware of it."
# 1997 Irish Masters

The 1997 Irish Masters was the twenty-third edition of the professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 6–13 March 1997 at the Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, Ireland.
Stephen Hendry defeated Darren Morgan 9–8 in the final by winning the last two frame at 7–8 down.

## Main draw

| Round 1 Best of 11 Frames | Round 1 Best of 11 Frames | Round 1 Best of 11 Frames | Quarter-finals Best of 11 Frames | Quarter-finals Best of 11 Frames | Quarter-finals Best of 11 Frames | Semi-finals Best of 11 Frames | Semi-finals Best of 11 Frames | Semi-finals Best of 11 Frames | Final Best of 17 Frames | Final Best of 17 Frames | Final Best of 17 Frames |
| | | | John Higgins | John Higgins | 4 | | | | | | |
| Ronnie O'Sullivan | Ronnie O'Sullivan | 6 | Ronnie O'Sullivan | Ronnie O'Sullivan | 6 | | | | | | |
| Nigel Bond | Nigel Bond | 5 | | | | Ronnie O'Sullivan | Ronnie O'Sullivan | 2 | | | |
| | | | | | | Stephen Hendry | Stephen Hendry | 6 | | | |
| | | | Stephen Hendry | Stephen Hendry | 6 | | | | | | |
| Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 6 | Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 5 | | | | | | |
| Alan McManus | Alan McManus | 3 | | | | | | | Stephen Hendry | Stephen Hendry | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | Darren Morgan | Darren Morgan | 8 |
| | | | Peter Ebdon | Peter Ebdon | 6 | | | | | | |
| Steve Davis | Steve Davis | 6 | Steve Davis | Steve Davis | 1 | | | | | | |
| Ken Doherty | Ken Doherty | 1 | | | | Peter Ebdon | Peter Ebdon | 2 | | | |
| | | | | | | Darren Morgan | Darren Morgan | 6 | | | |
| | | | Darren Morgan | Darren Morgan | 6 | | | | | | |
| John Parrott | John Parrott | 6 | John Parrott | John Parrott | 2 | | | | | | |
| Stephen Murphy | Stephen Murphy | 5 | | | | | | | | | |

## Century breaks

* 129 – John Parrott
* 127 – Stephen Hendry
* 121, 118, 101 – Ronnie O'Sullivan
* 100, 100 – Darren Morgan
# Yanis Issoufou

Yanis Ali Issoufou (born 28 October 2006) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ligue 1 club Montpellier.

## Club career

Issoufou is a youth product of AC Pissevin Valdegour and Nîmes, before moving to the youth academy of Montpellier on 2 June 2022. On 3 July 2023, he signed a professional contract with the club, extending his stay until 2026. He made his professional debut with Montpellier as a substitute in a 2–0 Ligue 1 loss to Nantes on 22 October 2023. At the age of 16 years and 359 days old, he was Montpellier's youngest ever debutant in the first division.

## International career

Born in France, Issoufou holds both Nigerien and Moroccan nationalities. He played for the Niger U17s in 2022, scoring two goals during 2023 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations qualification. He switched to represent France, and played for the France U17s at the 2023 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. He played for the France U18s in 2023.

## Honours

U17 France
* UEFA European Under-17 Championship runner-up: 2023
* FIFA U-17 World Cup runner-up: 2023
# Gamal Amin Abdel Ghani

Gamal Amin Abdel Ghani (born 20 April 1963) is an Egyptian field hockey player. He competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# List of areas in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall

This is a list of areas in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, West Midlands, England.
* Aldridge
* Alumwell
* Ashmore Lake
* Barr Common
* Bentley
* Bentley West
* Bescot
* Birchills
* Blakenall Heath
* Bloxwich
* Brownhills
* Brownhills Common
* Brownhills West
* Butcroft
* Caldmore
* Catshill
* Chuckery
* Clayhanger
* Coal Pool
* County Bridge
* Daisy Bank is a residential area on the eastern outskirts of the town of Walsall; the Rushall Canal is nearby. It is served by National Express West Midlands no. 934 bus route. Engineer and philanthropist Samson Fox died at Daisy Bank on 24 October 1903.
* Darlaston
* Darlaston Green
* Daw End
* The Delves
* Druid's Heath
* Dudley's Fields
* Fallings Heath
* Fishley
* Fullbrook
* Gillity Village
* Goscote
* Harden
* Hardwick
* Heath End
* Highbridge
* Highgate
* High Heath
* Holly Bank
* Keyway
* King's Hill
* Lane Head
* Leamore
* Leighswood
* Little Bloxwich
* Little London
* Moxley
* New Invention
* New Town
* Old Moxley
* Paddock
* Palfrey
* Park Hall
* Pelsall
* Pelsall Wood
* Pheasey
* Pleck
* Pool Green
* Pool Hayes
* Reedswood
* Rough Hay
* Rushall
* Ryecroft
* Shelfield
* Shepwell Green
* Shire Oak
* Short Heath
* Spring Bank
* Streetly
* Stubbers Green
* Tamebridge
* Vigo
* Wallington Heath
* Walsall
* Walsall Wood
* Willenhall
* Woods Bank
# Laurel Hill Farm

Laurel Hill Farm is a private park and historic home located in Ararat, Virginia. The birthplace of James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart, seventy-five acres of the 1,500 acres (6.1 km$^2$) plantation owned by the Stuart Family was saved in 1992 by the J. E. B. Stuart Birthplace Preservation Trust with assistance from the Civil War Trust, a division of the American Battlefield Trust. The J. E. B. Stuart Birthplace Preservation Trust, founded by Historian and Author Thomas D. "Tom" Perry, is a non-profit corporation that has interpreted the site and holds events on the property.

## J. E. B. Stuart

James Ewell Brown Stuart was born on February 6, 1833, as the eighth of eleven children to Archibald and Elizabeth Letcher Pannill Stuart. He attended Emory and Henry College in Southwest Virginia before receiving an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Stuart graduated 13 of 46 in 1854 and spent seven years in the United States Army, mainly in Kansas in the First U. S. Cavalry. Stuart was present at John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry in 1859 before resigning in May 1861 to fight for the Confederate States of America. Stuart rose in rank to Major General commanding the cavalry of Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. He died on May 12, 1864, after receiving wounds at the Battle of Yellow Tavern. He is buried in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia.

## Annual Events

The first weekend of October a Civil War encampment is held at the site. Beginning in 1990, this event raises money for the upkeep of the site.

## History of the Laurel Hill Farm

The Laurel Hill Farm has a varied history told from archaeology completed by the College of William and Mary, which found the house site along with Native-American artifacts. Peter Jefferson, father of Thomas Jefferson, surveyed the southern boundary of the property. The first member of J. E. B. Stuart's family to live on the property was William Letcher (1750–1780), who was killed on the farm in August 1780 by a Tory during the American Revolution. Letcher's grave on the property is the oldest marked grave site in Patrick County. J. E. B. Stuart's family came to the property in 1825 and lived there until 1859 when Elizabeth Stuart sold the property to two men from nearby Mount Airy, North Carolina.