# Argentine Senate

The Honorable Senate of the Argentine Nation (Spanish: Honorable Senado de la Nación Argentina) is the upper house of the National Congress of Argentina.

## Overview

The National Senate was established by the Argentine Confederation on July 29, 1854, pursuant to Articles 46 to 54 of the 1853 Constitution. There are 72 members: three for each province and three for the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The number of senators per province was raised from two to three following the 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution as well as the addition of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires' senators. Those changes took effect following the May 14, 1995, general elections.
Senators are elected to six-year terms by direct election on a provincial basis, with the party with the most votes being awarded two of the province's senate seats and the second-place party receiving the third seat. Historically, senators were indirectly elected to nine-year terms by each provincial legislature. These provisions were abolished in the 1994 constitutional amendment, and the first direct elections to the Senate took effect in 2001. Currently one-third of the members are elected every two years; there are no term limits.
The vice president of the republic is ex officio president of the Senate, with a casting vote in the event of a tie. In practice, the provisional president presides over the chamber most of the time.
The Senate must obtain quorum to deliberate, this being an absolute majority. It has the power to approve bills passed by the Chamber of Deputies, call for joint sessions with the lower house or special sessions with experts and interested parties, and submit bills for the president's signature; bills introduced in the Senate must, in turn, be approved by the Chamber of Deputies for their submission to the president. The Senate must introduce any changes to federal revenue sharing policies, ratify international treaties, approve changes to constitutional or federal criminal laws, as well as confirm or impeach presidential nominees to the cabinet, the judiciary, the armed forces, and the diplomatic corps, among other federal posts.
There are twenty-four standing committees made up of fifteen members each, namely:
* Agreements (confirmation of federal nominees)
* Constitutional Affairs
* Foreign Affairs and Worship
* Justice and Criminal Affairs
* General Legislation
* Budget and Finance
* Administrative and Municipal Affairs
* National Defense
* Domestic Security and Drug Trafficking
* National Economy and Investment
* Industry and Trade
* Regional Economies, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
* Labor and Social Security
* Agriculture, Cattle Raising and Fishing
* Education, Culture, Science and Technology
* Rights and Guarantees
* Mining, Energy and Fuels
* Health and Sports
* Infrastructure, Housing and Transport
* Systems, Media and Freedom of Speech
* Environment and Human Development
* Population and Human Development
* Federal Revenue Sharing
* Tourism.

### Requirements

According to Section 55 of the Argentine Constitution, candidates for the Argentine Senate must:
* be at least 30 years old
* have been a citizen of Argentina for six years
* be native to the province of her or his office, or have been a resident of that province for two years.

## Composition

| Inter-bloc | Inter-bloc | Bloc | President |
| | Union for the Homeland (33) | National People's Front (17) | José Mayans |
| | Union for the Homeland (33) | Citizen Unity (16) | Juliana Di Tullio |
| | Radical Civic Union (13) | Radical Civic Union (13) | Eduardo Vischi [es] |
| | La Libertad Avanza (7) | La Libertad Avanza (7) | Ezequiel Atauche |
| | We Do Federal Coalition (7) | Federal Change (4) | Juan Carlos Romero |
| | We Do Federal Coalition (7) | Federal Unity (3) | Carlos Espínola |
| | PRO Front (6) | PRO Front (6) | Luis Juez |
| | Federal Innovation (3) | Front for the Renewal of Concord (2) | Carlos Omar Arce [es] |
| | Federal Innovation (3) | Together We Are Río Negro (1) | Mónica Esther Silva [es] |
| | For Santa Cruz (2) | For Santa Cruz (2) | José María Carambia [es] |
| | For Social Justice (1) | For Social Justice (1) | Beatriz Ávila |
| Source: senado.gob.ar (last update: 20 November 2023) ||||

## Senate leadership

The titular president of the Senate is the vice president of Argentina. However, day-to-day leadership of the Senate is exercised by the provisional president.
Current leadership positions include:
| Title | Officeholder | Caucus | Province |
| President of the Senate | Victoria Villarruel | La Libertad Avanza | City of Buenos Aires |
| Provisional President | Bartolomé Abdala | La Libertad Avanza | San Luis |
| Vice President | Silvia Sapag | Union for the Homeland | Neuquén |
| First Vice President | Carolina Losada | Radical Civic Union | Santa Fe |
| Second Vice President | Alejandra Vigo | Federal Unity | Córdoba |
| Parliamentary Secretary | Agustín Giustinian | — | — |
| Administrative Secretary | María Laura Izzo | — | — |
| First Minority Leader | José Mayans | Union for the Homeland | Formosa |
| Second Minority Leader | Alfredo Cornejo | Radical Civic Union | Mendoza |