# Lev Ponomaryov

Lev Aleksandrovich Ponomaryov (Russian: Лев Алекса́ндрович Пономарёв, 2 September 1941) is a Russian political and civil activist. He is an executive director of the all-Russian movement "For Human Rights." He is a member of the Federal Political Council of Solidarnost, and was deputy to the State Duma in its first period.

## Education and early career

Ponomaryov graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MFTI) in 1965 and from the doctorate program of the same institute in 1968, becoming a doctor of physics and mathematics. He worked in the Theoretical and Experimental Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and simultaneously taught at MFTI in the general physics department.

## Human rights and political activities
### 1980s

In 1988, Ponomaryov helped create the human rights organization Memorial.
In 1989, Ponomaryov filled the place of academic Andrei Sakharov in the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union after he died suddenly from a heart attack. Ponomaryov took part in the Coordination Council of Moscow Union of Electors and in the initiative group for the creation of the Civil Action Committee.

### 1990s

In 1990, he was elected a People's Deputy of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. From 1990 to 1993, Lev Ponomaryov was a People's Deputy of the Russian Federation; a member of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation; a member of the Committee on Mass Media relating to public organizations, mass movement of citizen and public opinion research; and a member of the political movement Democratic Russia and the deputies group Army Reform (Reforma armii).
In the autumn of 1991, he presided over the parliamentary commission for investigation of GKChP activities and the KGB’s role in the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.
In 1993, he lost the elections to the State Duma in a single-mandate constituency and in the list of the electoral union Democratic Choice of Russia. Ponomaryov entered the Parliament only after the death of deputy Vasilii Seliunin. From 1994 to 1996 Ponomaryov was a deputy of the State Duma, a member of the committees for CIS Affairs and relations with nationalities.
In 1997, Ponomaryov founded the Russian human rights society "For Human Rights" (Za prava cheloveka), becoming its executive director and a member of the Council on Motion. Also in 1997, Ponomaryov was one of the founders of the "Hotline" (Goriachaia liniia) and founded and is one of the most active members of the group Common Action (Obshchee deistvie).

### 2000s

He has been a member of The Other Russia coalition since its foundation in 2006 and also a member of its executive committee.
In 2007, he lost a case of defence of honour and dignity against Yury Kalinin, the Director of the Federal Service of Execution of Penalties (FSIN). The court obliged Ponomaryov to refute the unreliable information about Kalinin that he had made public.
He actively defended the ex-owner of YUKOS Mikhail Khodorkovsky and the other persons sentenced for economical offences in the YUKOS case. Some human rights activists consider that these persons are persecuted for political reasons (making them political prisoners) and that the charges against them are fabricated. In 2007, he appealed to President Putin to release Khodorkovsky. In 2009, together with other Solidarnost activists, Roman Dobrokhotov, Oleg Kozlovsky, Aleksander Rykline, Sergey Davidis, Mikhail Schneider, Vladimir Milov, Garry Kasparov and Boris Nemtsov, Lev Ponomaryov took part in a series of individual pickets in front of Meschansky district court and held a slogan "Freedom to Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Platon Lebedev".
Lev Ponomarev is a member of the United Democratic Movement "Solidarnost". On 13 December 2008, at the first Solidarnost congress, he was elected as a member of the political council of this movement.
Late in the evening on 31 March 2009, he was physically assaulted near his home. Ludmila Alekseeva thinks that this attack was connected with his political and human rights activities within the "Solidarnost" movement. At the meeting of Russian and US Presidents on 1 April 2009, Barack Obama, according to his assistants, mentioned the attack against Ponomarev among the main US concerns about Russia.

### 2010s

On 10 March 2010 he signed an appeal of the Russian opposition stating "Putin must go".
On 14 July 2010, he declared that he considered it necessary to maintain article 282 of the Penal Code.
On 25 August 2010 he was sentenced to a 3-day arrest for attempting to carry the state flag of the Russian Federation along Arbat Street on State Flag Day, 22 August. The day before, Boris Nemtsov was acquitted in the same case.
On 7 September 2010 he was sentenced to a 4-day arrest for disobedience of the police.
Ponomaryov was sentenced to at least 25 days of detention in December 2018 in because of a Facebook post publicising an unauthorised rally that was to take place at Lubyanka square in Moscow on 28 October. The aim of that protest was to demonstrate solidarity with certain young activists being charged with alleged anti-terrorism and anti-extremism offences.

### 2020s

On 28 December 2020, Ponomaryov was added to the list of media "foreign agents" by the Russian government alongside four other persons. No reason however was provided as to why they were added to the list.
On 30 January 2022, during the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ponomaryov led a public declaration published in Echo of Moscow opposing the Russian threat to further invade Ukraine. By 7 February 5000 people had co-signed the declaration. On 20 February 2022, Ponomaryov and seven others, including Yuri Samodurov, held solitary street protests in Moscow against the Russian threat to attack Ukraine and were arrested.
Ponomaryov also initiated a Нет войне petition on change.org called "Stop the war with Ukraine! - No to war." By 4 March 2022, more than 1.18 millions had signed the petition already.
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he left Russia and lives in exile in Paris.

## Controversy

On 22 March 2012, Komsomolskaya Pravda published transcripts of a YouTube video, purporting to show Ponomaryov to be demanding money for civil organizations in the Russian Far East from an official working at the Embassy of Japan in Moscow, in return for promoting Japanese claims to the disputed Kuril Islands of Shikotan and Habomai. The video also purports to show him saying that people like Boris Nemtsov, Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Ryzhkov would go to blood if allowed to handle it. The news outlet also questioned him about the video. Ponomaryov stated that he had complained to the Prosecutor-General of Russia for invasion of his privacy and the Japanese had initiated contact with him over the islands.
In a discussion with Andrei Norkin [ru], Ponomaryov said that while the video was mostly genuine, the publishers had particularly tried to signify words like "money". However, he said that he was talking about simply encouraging funding of civil society organizations in the Far East, not asking money to organize protests in favour of Japan's claim as was being alleged. He admitted that human rights organisations got foreign funding, but stated it was necessary since the authorities had driven them into such a position. He claimed that the video had edited the portion where he said Nemtsov and Ryzhkov would go to blood, adding he was talking about the authorities who would go to blood if these people try to hold rallies. Ponomaryov also noted that Putin himself had promised to hand back the disputed islands per the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956.

## Decorations and awards

* 2010—Ponomaryov was decorated with a Commandor's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland by a decree of the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński "for outstanding results in the defence of human rights and promotion of civil freedoms".