# Navajo County, Arizona

Navajo County (Navajo: Tʼiisyaakin Áłtsʼíísí Bił Hahoodzo) is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 106,717. The county seat is Holbrook.
Navajo County comprises the Show Low, Arizona Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Navajo County contains parts of the Hopi Indian reservation, the Navajo Nation, and Fort Apache Indian Reservation.

## History

Navajo County was split from Apache County on March 21, 1895. The first county sheriff was Commodore Perry Owens, a legendary gunman who had previously served as the sheriff of Apache County. It was the location for many of the events of the Pleasant Valley War.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 9,960 square miles (25,800 km$^2$), of which 9,950 square miles (25,800 km$^2$) is land and 9.3 square miles (24 km$^2$) (0.09%) is water.
Navajo County offers not only the Monument Valley, but Keams Canyon, part of the Petrified Forest National Park, and one of the largest contiguous ponderosa pine forests in North America.
Nathan Korhman of The Atlantic described the county, in 2022, as "one of Arizona’s most rural regions", stating that a political canvasser would have to drive to get to a sequential house on a list to target, while in more urban areas such a canvasser would walk from place to place.

### Adjacent counties

* Apache County – east
* Graham County – south
* Gila County – southwest
* Coconino County – west
* San Juan County, Utah – north

### Indian reservations

Navajo County has 6,632.73 square miles (17,178.7 km$^2$) of federally designated Indian reservation within its borders, the third most of any county in the United States (neighboring Apache County and Coconino County are first and second). In descending order of territory within the county, the reservations are the Navajo Nation, Hopi Indian Reservation, and Fort Apache Indian Reservation, all of which are partly located within Navajo County.

### National protected areas

* Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest (part)
* Navajo National Monument
* Petrified Forest National Park (part)

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Navajo County, Arizona – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 41,196 | 47,181 | 44,786 | 42.27% | 43.91% | 41.97% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 794 | 842 | 674 | 0.81% | 0.78% | 0.63% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 45,846 | 45,551 | 46,572 | 47.04% | 42.39% | 43.64% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 315 | 542 | 548 | 0.32% | 0.50% | 0.51% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 39 | 68 | 68 | 0.04% | 0.06% | 0.06% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 29 | 44 | 232 | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.22% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1,240 | 1,650 | 2,950 | 1.27% | 1.54% | 2.76% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 8,011 | 11,571 | 10,887 | 8.22% | 10.77% | 10.20% |
| Total | 97,470 | 107,449 | 106,717 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

#### Census of religion

Navajo County is among the most religiously diverse places in the United States. A 2020 census by the Public Religion Research Institute (unconnected to the official US census) calculates a religious diversity score of 0.876 for Navajo County, where 1 represents complete diversity (each religious group of equal size) and 0 a total lack of diversity. Only three other counties in the US have higher scores, all much more urban than Navajo County.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 107,449 people, 35,658 households, and 25,923 families living in the county. The population density was 10.8 inhabitants per square mile (4.2/km$^2$). There were 56,938 housing units at an average density of 5.7 units per square mile (2.2 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 49.3% white, 43.4% American Indian, 0.9% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 3.4% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 10.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 13.7% were German, 12.5% were English, 9.3% were Irish, and 2.3% were American.
Of the 35,658 households, 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.3% were non-families, and 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.50. The median age was 34.7 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $39,774 and the median income for a family was $45,906. Males had a median income of $41,516 versus $28,969 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,745. About 19.1% of families and 24.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.6% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 97,470 people, 30,043 households, and 23,073 families living in the county. The population density was 10 inhabitants per square mile (3.9/km$^2$). There were 47,413 housing units at an average density of 5/sq mi (1.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 47.7% Native American, 45.9% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.2% from other races, and 5.9% from two or more races. 8.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.8% reported speaking Navajo at home, 5.9% other Southern Athabaskan languages, 4.7% Spanish, and 3.2% Hopi.
There were 30,043 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.17 and the average family size was 3.68.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 35.4% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $28,569, and the median income for a family was $32,409. Males had a median income of $30,509 versus $21,621 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,609. About 23.4% of families and 29.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 20.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics

Navajo County leans towards the Republican Party. The county has not voted Democratic on a presidential level since 1996. Although its Native American population makes up nearly half of the county, a demographic that politically favors those of the Democratic Party, the county has a strong Latter-Day Saint presence (particularly in population centers such as Snowflake) that normally allows Republican candidates to carry the county. The city of Show Low and surrounding areas, as well as Holbrook, also contribute to Republican votes in the county. Notably, the county has become more Republican in recent cycles such as in 2022 and in 2024. In 2024, the city of Winslow, which has long been a Democratic stronghold, saw a heavy Republican shift, as did the area of Pinetop-Lakeside. The Navajo Nation also saw some major Republican trends, mirroring those in neighboring Apache County. On the other hand, the city of Holbrook saw a Democratic trend since 2020.
United States presidential election results for Navajo County, Arizona :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 29,480 | 57.98% | 20,754 | 40.82% | 613 | 1.21% |
| 2020 | 27,657 | 53.26% | 23,383 | 45.03% | 890 | 1.71% |
| 2016 | 20,577 | 51.07% | 16,459 | 40.85% | 3,258 | 8.09% |
| 2012 | 19,884 | 53.07% | 16,945 | 45.23% | 636 | 1.70% |
| 2008 | 19,761 | 55.00% | 15,579 | 43.36% | 592 | 1.65% |
| 2004 | 17,277 | 53.32% | 14,815 | 45.72% | 312 | 0.96% |
| 2000 | 12,386 | 49.25% | 11,794 | 46.90% | 967 | 3.85% |
| 1996 | 9,262 | 37.14% | 12,912 | 51.78% | 2,764 | 11.08% |
| 1992 | 7,994 | 32.45% | 10,882 | 44.17% | 5,762 | 23.39% |
| 1988 | 10,393 | 52.82% | 9,023 | 45.86% | 261 | 1.33% |
| 1984 | 11,379 | 58.12% | 8,017 | 40.95% | 182 | 0.93% |
| 1980 | 10,790 | 63.91% | 5,110 | 30.27% | 982 | 5.82% |
| 1976 | 6,796 | 46.68% | 7,323 | 50.30% | 441 | 3.03% |
| 1972 | 6,999 | 60.48% | 4,003 | 34.59% | 570 | 4.93% |
| 1968 | 4,596 | 51.00% | 2,930 | 32.51% | 1,486 | 16.49% |
| 1964 | 4,870 | 50.47% | 4,770 | 49.44% | 9 | 0.09% |
| 1960 | 4,090 | 57.19% | 3,052 | 42.68% | 9 | 0.13% |
| 1956 | 3,928 | 65.80% | 2,033 | 34.05% | 9 | 0.15% |
| 1952 | 3,478 | 57.29% | 2,593 | 42.71% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 1,841 | 40.32% | 2,669 | 58.45% | 56 | 1.23% |
| 1944 | 1,579 | 37.14% | 2,660 | 62.56% | 13 | 0.31% |
| 1940 | 1,533 | 33.35% | 3,052 | 66.39% | 12 | 0.26% |
| 1936 | 1,052 | 25.40% | 3,037 | 73.32% | 53 | 1.28% |
| 1932 | 1,248 | 30.10% | 2,602 | 62.76% | 296 | 7.14% |
| 1928 | 1,608 | 54.99% | 1,316 | 45.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 1,060 | 42.90% | 684 | 27.68% | 727 | 29.42% |
| 1920 | 1,078 | 51.11% | 1,031 | 48.89% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 574 | 30.52% | 1,240 | 65.92% | 67 | 3.56% |
| 1912 | 168 | 22.86% | 287 | 39.05% | 280 | 38.10% |

## Education

School districts that serve the county include:
* Blue Ridge Unified School District
* Cedar Unified School District
* Heber-Overgaard Unified School District
* Holbrook Unified School District
* Joseph City Unified School District
* Kayenta Unified School District
* Piñon Unified School District
* Show Low Unified School District
* Snowflake Unified School District
* Whiteriver Unified School District
* Winslow Unified School District
There is a tribal elementary school called Little Singer Community School, affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE). Hataalii Yazhi, a medicine man, in the 1970s proposed establishing the school so area children did not have to travel far for their education. The school was named after him. The original buildings used two geodesic domes as features. In 2014 the school had 81 students. By 2014 the original campus was described by the Associated Press as being in poor repair. In 2004 the school first asked the BIE to get funding for a new building. The current campus had a cost of $28 million and an area of 32,000 square feet (3,000 m$^2$). It uses intersecting circles as an architectural feature. The current building was dedicated in November 2020. It is physically in an unincorporated area 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Birdsprings, and has a postal address of Winslow.

## Transportation
### Major highways

* Interstate 40
* U.S. Route 60
* U.S. Route 160
* U.S. Route 163
* U.S. Route 180
* State Route 73
* State Route 77
* State Route 87
* State Route 98
* State Route 99
* State Route 260
* State Route 264
* State Route 277
* State Route 377

### Airports

The following public-use airports are located within the county:
* Cibecue Airport (Z95) – Cibecue
* Holbrook Municipal Airport (P14) – Holbrook
* Kayenta Airport (0V7) – Kayenta
* Polacca Airport (P10) – Polacca
* Show Low Regional Airport (SOW) – Show Low
* Taylor Airport (TYL) – Taylor
* Whiteriver Airport (E24) – Whiteriver
* Winslow–Lindbergh Regional Airport (INW) – Winslow

## Communities and other places
### Cities

* Holbrook (county seat)
* Show Low
* Winslow

### Towns

* Kayenta
* Pinetop-Lakeside
* Snowflake
* Taylor

### Census-designated places

* Chilchinbito
* Cibecue
* Clay Springs
* Dilkon
* East Fork
* First Mesa
* Fort Apache
* Greasewood
* Hard Rock
* Heber-Overgaard
* Hondah
* Hotevilla-Bacavi
* Indian Wells
* Jeddito
* Joseph City
* Keams Canyon
* Kykotsmovi Village
* Lake of the Woods
* Linden
* Low Mountain
* McNary (mostly in Apache County)
* North Fork
* Oljato-Monument Valley
* Pinedale
* Pinetop Country Club
* Pinon
* Rainbow City
* Seba Dalkai
* Second Mesa
* Seven Mile
* Shongopovi
* Shonto
* Shumway
* Sun Valley
* Tees Toh
* Turkey Creek
* Wagon Wheel
* White Mountain Lake
* Whitecone
* Whiteriver
* Winslow West (partially in Coconino County)
* Woodruff

### Other communities

* Birdsprings
* Oraibi

### Native American communities

* Fort Apache Indian Reservation
* Hopi Reservation
* Navajo Nation

### Other places

* Alchesay Flat, a named flat approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Whiteriver along Arizona State Route 73.

### Ghost towns

* Brigham
* Obed
* Sunset
* Wilford
* Zeniff

### County population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Navajo County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Population (2010 Census) | Municipal type | Incorporated |
| 1 | Show Low | 10,660 | City | 1953 |
| 2 | Winslow | 9,655 | City | 1900 |
| 3 | Snowflake | 5,590 | Town | 1953 (founded 1878) |
| 4 | Kayenta | 5,189 | CDP | |
| 5 | † Holbrook | 5,053 | City | 1917 |
| 6 | Pinetop-Lakeside | 4,282 | Town | 1984 |
| 7 | Taylor | 4,112 | Town | 1966 |
| 8 | Whiteriver | 4,104 | CDP | |
| 9 | Lake of the Woods | 4,094 | CDP | |
| 10 | Heber-Overgaard | 2,822 | CDP | |
| 11 | Linden | 2,597 | CDP | |
| 12 | White Mountain Lake | 2,205 | CDP | |
| 13 | Pinetop Country Club | 1,794 | CDP | |
| 14 | Cibecue | 1,730 | CDP | |
| 15 | Wagon Wheel | 1,652 | CDP | |
| 16 | First Mesa | 1,555 | CDP | |
| 17 | North Fork | 1,417 | CDP | |
| 18 | Joseph City | 1,386 | CDP | |
| 19 | Dilkon | 1,184 | CDP | |
| 20 | Rainbow City | 968 | CDP | |
| 21 | Second Mesa | 962 | CDP | |
| 22 | Hotevilla-Bacavi | 957 | CDP | |
| 23 | Pinon | 904 | CDP | |
| 24 | Shongopovi | 831 | CDP | |
| 25 | Whitecone | 817 | CDP | |
| 26 | Hondah | 812 | CDP | |
| 27 | Low Mountain | 757 | CDP | |
| 28 | Kykotsmovi Village | 746 | CDP | |
| 29 | Seven Mile | 707 | CDP | |
| 30 | East Fork | 699 | CDP | |
| 31 | Shonto | 591 | CDP | |
| 32 | Greasewood | 547 | CDP | |
| 33 | McNary (mostly in Apache County) | 528 | CDP | |
| 34 | Chilchinbito | 506 | CDP | |
| 35 | Pinedale | 487 | CDP | |
| 36 | Tees Toh | 448 | CDP | |
| 37 | Winslow West (partially in Coconino County) | 438 | CDP | |
| 38 | Clay Springs | 401 | CDP | |
| 39 | Sun Valley | 316 | CDP | |
| 40 | Keams Canyon | 304 | CDP | |
| 41 | Turkey Creek | 294 | CDP | |
| 42 | Jeddito | 293 | CDP | |
| 43 | Indian Wells | 255 | CDP | |
| 44 | Woodruff | 191 | CDP | |
| 45 | Oljato-Monument Valley | 154 | CDP | |
| 46 | Fort Apache | 143 | CDP | |
| 47 | Seba Dalkai | 136 | CDP | |
| 48 | Hard Rock | 94 | CDP | |