OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kakugo virus

Kakugo virus is a picorna-like virus most commonly found in the brains of worker bees. It is a subtype of the Deformed wing virus. The Kakugo (Japanese for 'ready to attack') virus, when resident in a bee's brain, can contribute to aggressive behaviors similar to those preeminent during a bee's guard phase in their life cycle. Kakugo virus is the first virus to be discovered that has been claimed to cause aggressive behavior.

## Analysis

Kakugo RNA encodes a protein of 2,893 amino acid residues that shares structural features and sequence similarities with various picorna-like virus polyproteins, especially those from sacbrood virus, which infects honeybees. The Kakugo protein contains several domains that correspond to the virion protein, helicase, protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains of various picorna-like virus polyproteins.

## Aggression

The increased aggression of infected Apis mellifera in Japan forces the bees to transmit, likely via Varroa. A. mellifera is sometimes known to show increased defence against Vespa mandarinia attacks and it has been suggested that this is due to Kakugo. However, a case was later found in which Kakugo virus infection spread throughout the nest, so it has been criticized that Kakugo virus infection does not influence the aggression of A. mellifera.
# SADC Tribunal

The SADC Tribunal was a court and the highest policy institution of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It was housed in the Turnhalle building in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. Although established on paper since 1992, members of the Tribunal were only appointed during the SADC Summit in 2005. On 18 November 2005 the Tribunal was inaugurated and the members were sworn in by Peter Shivute, chief justice of Namibia of the Namibian Supreme Court.
Before the first case was heard by the Tribunal, the Turnhalle burned down on 18 January 2007. The court room was completely destroyed. Reconstruction work started in November 2007.

## Key decisions

In one of its first cases, Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd and Others v Republic of Zimbabwe the Tribunal decided in 2007 and 2008 that the government of Zimbabwe may not evict farmer Mike Campbell from his land, and that farm evictions per Amendment 17 of Zimbabwe's constitution amount to de facto discrimination against Whites. Following this decision, Zimbabwe pulled out of the SADC Tribunal, challenging its legitimacy. The 2010 SADC summit then ordered a review of the "functions and [...] terms of reference of the SADC Tribunal", a step that a group of legal and human rights organizations describes as "virtually suspending" this inter-regional court. During this time of reorganisation the Tribunal had only four of ten judges appointed and did not accept nor hear any cases.

## Dissolution

The 2012 SADC summit resolved to limit the jurisdiction of the Tribunal to "disputes between member states" and so barred cases from individuals and companies to bring cases. Until 2012, only individuals had approached the Tribunal. SADC member states normally do not take each other to court so the necessity of the institution is now doubtful. The SADC resolution was described as effectively "neuter[ing]" the Tribunal, and has been condemned by various groups. Later that year SADC disbanded the Tribunal altogether.

## Judges

Ivy Kamanga, who is a supreme court judge in Malawi, was a judge at the Southern African Development Community Administrative Tribunal.
# Bulls Head, Staten Island

Bulls Head is a neighborhood in west-central Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is bordered by New Springville to the south, Bloomfield to the west, Willowbrook to the east, Graniteville to the north, and Westerleigh to the north.

## History

The community received its name from an 18th-century tavern located at the intersection of Victory Boulevard and Richmond Avenue (the neighborhood's central point), from which a sign bearing a bull's head was displayed. The Bulls Head area was also known as Phoenixville.
During the American Revolution, this tavern became the local headquarters of the faction loyal to the British crown, or Tories, as they were colloquially known. The Bulls Head Tavern burned down in 1871.
As recently as the early 1960s, Bulls Head and the surrounding neighborhoods, such as Willowbrook to the east and Graniteville to the north, were dominated by farmland. Dramatic change came soon after the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964, opening up the area to residential development. Soon many Jewish families, mostly from the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, settled in Bulls Head and other west mid-island neighborhoods. A smaller number of Asian immigrants live in Bulls Head. Many of the residents are Italian Catholics served by Our Lady of Pity R.C. Church.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 census, the demographics of Bulls Head were roughly 71.2% White, 2.3% Black, 15% Hispanic, 9.8% Asian, and 1.7% Other. This is defining Bulls Head as everything within the boundaries of Census Tracts 291.03, and 291.04, as well as the blocks north of Willowbrook Park in Tract 273.01.

## Education

Bulls Head's schools are the elementary school P.S. 60 and the intermediate school I.S. 72. Most of the residents are zoned for Port Richmond High School. The Todt Hill Library is nearby, at 2550 Victory Boulevard.

## Transportation

Bulls Head is served by the S44, S59, S62, S89, S92 and S94 local buses and the SIM4, SIM4C, SIM8, SIM8X, SIM32 and SIM33 express buses.

## Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Bulls Head include:
* Jennifer Esposito (born 1973), actress
* Matt Festa (born 1993), MLB pitcher
# Harrington Cobblestone Farmhouse and Barn Complex

Harrington Cobblestone Farmhouse and Barn Complex is a historic home and farm complex located at Hartland in Niagara County, New York. It is a 1+1⁄2-story cobblestone structure built in 1843 by Vermont native Harry Harrington, in the Greek Revival style. It features irregularly shaped, variously colored cobbles in its construction. It is one of approximately 47 cobblestone structures in Niagara County. Also on the property are a full array of historic farm outbuildings.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
# Spazzacamini

Spazzacamini (Italian for chimney sweep) was the term for child laborers in 19th- and early 20th-century Italy and Switzerland, where they were also known as Kaminfegerkinder in German-speaking areas.

## History and origin

Most of the boys, usually 8 to 12 years old, were from the canton of Ticino, coveted by their padroni chimney sweepers because they were small and slim and therefore able to climb the narrow chimneys and to clean them. When the boys had reached the top of the chimneys, they had to shout "Spazzacamini!" to prove that they actually had climbed up the dark, stuffy fireplaces. The working conditions were catastrophic. For lunch, the children often had nothing to eat and had to go begging for bread, and they had often to sleep in stables. The boys were hired in the winter, so at the family tables in the badly developed valleys of Ticino one mouth less had to be fed. At that time, bitter poverty and hunger was widely spread in Ticino during the winter months. Many children came from the Valle Verzasca, the Cento Valli and also from the Italian Val Vigezzo valleys, and frequently worked in northern Italy.

## In culture

Every autumn in Vigezzo chimney sweeps from all over the world meet in memory of the chimney sweep child slaves. The children's book Die schwarzen Brüder ("The Black Brothers") was first published in two volumes in 1940–41, telling the story of Giorgio, a little boy from Sonogno in the Verzasca Valley, based on facts, who had been used as Kaminfegerjunge. Lisa Tetzner had read in ancient chronicles about the fate of such small boys from the Verzasca Valley and other valleys of the Ticino. The book is popular and, amongst others, a film, a television serial, a musical and a radio play have been based on the novel, as well as naming a hiking route starting in Sonogno in the Verzasca Valley.

## Literature

* Elisabeth Wenger: Als lebender Besen im Kamin: Einer vergessenen Vergangenheit auf der Spur. Books on demand, 2010.
* Lisa Tetzner and Kurt Kläber: Die Schwarzen Brüder. Erlebnisse und Abenteuer eines kleinen Tessiners. First published in 1940–41, Sauerländer, Aarau/Mannheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-7941-8104-9.
* Lisa Tetzner and Hannes Binder (illustrations): Die Schwarzen Brüder – Roman in Bildern. Patmos Verlagshaus, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 978-3-7941-4900-1.
# Brad Stone (journalist)

Brad Stone (born c. 1971) is an American journalist and author. He is the editor of Bloomberg Businessweek since January 2024. He is the author of the books The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon (2013), Amazon Unbound: Jeff Bezos and the Invention of a Global Empire (2021), The Upstarts: How Uber, Airbnb, and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley are Changing the World, and Gearheads: the Turbulent Rise of Robotic Sports.

## Early life and education

Stone was raised in suburban Cleveland, Ohio, and lives in Northern California. He is an alumnus of Columbia University.

## Career

Stone is senior executive editor of the global technology group at Bloomberg News and based in Bloomberg's San Francisco bureau. Previously, Stone was a senior writer for Bloomberg Businessweek, for which he has written numerous in-depth cover stories on leading technology companies. Prior to Bloomberg, he was a reporter for The New York Times and Newsweek magazine. Stone is a frequent guest on Bloomberg Technology, a daily show focused on breaking technology news. In January 2024, Stone was appointed editor of Bloomberg Businessweek and will oversee its transition from a weekly to a monthly publication.

## Works

In 2003, Simon & Schuster published his first book, Gearheads: The Turbulent Rise of Robotic Sports, about the combat robot culture.
On August 5, 2007, Stone published a story in The New York Times exposing Forbes editor Daniel Lyons as "Fake Steve Jobs," the author of The Secret Diary of Steve Jobs.
On June 28, 2012, Stone wrote in Business Week about his interactions with Frenchman Alexandre Despallieres, an alleged conman with suspected ties to the death of music executive Peter Ikin.
In October 2013, Little, Brown & Co. published Stone's book The Everything Store about the rise of Amazon.com. Stone's reporting for the book led to the discovery of Jeff Bezos's biological father, an Arizona-based bike shop owner, who was previously unaware that his son was the founder and CEO of Amazon.com.
In January 2017, Little, Brown & Co. published The Upstarts: How Uber, Airbnb, and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley Are Changing the World.
In May 2021, Simon & Schuster published Amazon Unbound: Jeff Bezos and the Invention of a Global Empire, about Amazon's rise to become a trillion-dollar company and Bezos's emergence as the wealthiest person in the world.

## Awards and honors

* 2013 Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award, winner for The Everything Store
# Crag Hill (Yorkshire Dales)

Crag Hill is on the western edge of the Yorkshire Dales in northern England, not to be confused with the higher Crag Hill elsewhere in the county of Cumbria. It lies on the boundary of the Yorkshire Dales national park, but its summit is in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria. It is part of a ridge including the neighbouring fells of Great Coum and Gragareth. The summit of Crag Hill is about 0.62 miles (1 km) away from the top of Great Coum, the latter being the highest point on the ridge at 2,254 feet (687 m).
All three hills may be included in a single circular walk from High Moss near Whernside on the Ingleton to Dent road. The views are extensive, with panoramas of the Yorkshire Dales, Howgill Fells, the Pennines and the Lake District beyond.
The hill is listed as one of the waypoints in the Yorkshire Dales Top Ten (YDTT). This is a long-distance walking route that takes in the ten highest peaks in the Yorkshire Dales with a combined ascent of 22,000 feet (6,700 m).
# Zimnica, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Zimnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oleśnica, within Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Nations and Nationalism (book)

Nations and Nationalism is an influential 1983 book by the philosopher Ernest Gellner, in which the author expands on his theory of nationalism.
O'Leary describes the book as "Gellner's most elaborate statement on the subject (of nationalism); because it is largely an expansion of the themes first sketched in Thought and Change.... he never repudiated any of the core propositions advanced in these texts", but he clarifies and qualifies some of them further in his Encounters with Nationalism (1994).
# 2021 CAF Women's Champions League UNIFFAC Qualifiers

The 2021 CAF Women's Champions League UNIFFAC Qualifiers is the 1st edition of the UNIFFAC women's club football qualifier tournament organised by the UNIFFAC for the women's clubs of association nations. This edition was held from 1 to 29 August 2021 in the away and home games. The final is playing in one game format in Malabo. The winners of the tournament qualified for the 2021 CAF Women's Champions League final tournament held in Egypt.

## Participating teams

The following three teams will contest in the qualifying tournament. Wadi Degla SC from Egypt is the 2021 Egyptian League champions and he qualified automatiquely as the hosts of the final tournament.
| Team | Qualifying method | Appearances | Previous best performance |
| Louves Minproff | 2020–21 Cameroonian Women's champions | 1st | n/a |
| FCF Amani | 2020–21 Congolese Democratic Rep. Women's champions | 1st | n/a |
| Malabo Kings FC | 2020–21 Equatorial Guinean Women's champions | 1st | n/a |
| Missile FC | 2020–21 Gabonese Women's Estuaire Provincial Cup winners | 1st | n/a |

## Qualifying tournament
### Semi finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Louves Minproff | 0–4 | Malabo Kings | 0–3 | 0–1 |
| FCF Amani | 3–2 | Missile FC | 0–1 | 3–1 |

### Final
## Statistics
### Goalscorers

    As of 15 August 2021
| Rank | Player | Team | Goals |
| 1 | Stéphanie Gbogou | Malabo Kings | 4 |
| 2 | Christelle Kalubi | FCF Amani | 2 |
| 2 | Rose Bella | Malabo Kings | 2 |
| 2 | Grâce Mfwamba | Malabo Kings | 2 |
| 4 | Marlène Kasaj | FCF Amani | 1 |
| 4 | Nancy Ndoze | FCF Amani | 1 |
| 4 | Lina Mpele | Malabo Kings | 1 |
| 4 | Nelly Betoughe Be Nkoghe | Missile FC | 1 |
| 4 | Amira Carmélia Nzé | Missile FC | 1 |
# Bavarian Rhön Nature Park

The Bavarian Rhön Nature Park (Naturpark Bayerische Rhön) straddles the junction of the German states of Bavaria, Hesse and Thuringia. 70 km$^2$ of the total 125 km$^2$ area of the nature park has been recognised by UNESCO as part of the Rhön Biosphere Reserve. The organisation for the promotion of the Bavarian Rhön Nature Park (Zweckverband Naturpark Bayerische Rhön) was founded in 1967. On 26 November 1982 the regulation for the Naturpark Bayerische Rhön was issued and, in 1997, the Zweckverband became the Society for the Bavarian Rhön Nature Park and Biosphere Reserve (Naturpark und Biosphärenreservat Bayer. Rhön e.V.).

## Landscape

The nature park lies between the Spessart, Vogelsberg, Thuringian Forest, Haßberge and Steigerwald forest. It is characterised by mixed forests, streams of flowing water, moors, grassland and arid habitats.
Wasser Mountain, the highest peak of Rhön Mountains at 3,117 feet (950 metres), is in the nature park.
# Zębice

Zębice (Polish pronunciation:, German: Sambowitz,) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siechnice, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Lawler Motor Company Building

Lawler Motor Company Building, also known as the Farmer Automobile Company Building, is a historic commercial building located at St. Joseph, Missouri. It was built in 1913, and is a two-story, trapezoidal shaped small-scale brick commercial building. It was designed as an automobile showroom and service center, with a second-story apartment. The building housed a Ford dealership from 1917 to 1928. Michael Patrick Lawler (1884-1957) was the founder and owner of the Lawler Motor Company. Up until 1928 Lawler sold only Fords and was golfing buddies with Henry Ford. During one such golf game, Henry Ford asked Lawler if he would help pitch the local city council for approval to build a new Ford assembly plant in St. Joe. When Lawler asked the council they turned the request down saying "St. Joe is an ag town, not an industrial town" which is why the assembly plant was built in Kansas City instead. Sometime thereafter, Lawler moved the dealership to Kansas City and expanded the line to include Nash as well as Ford autos.
Eventually the Lawler Motor Company building fell into disrepair until it was purchased and renovated by the owners of River Bluff Brewing Company.
$^{:5–6}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort

The Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort (Russian: Ро́за Ху́тор, romanized: Roza Khutor, IPA:) is an alpine ski resort in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located at the Aibga Ridge of the Western Caucasus along the Roza Khutor plateau near Krasnaya Polyana. Constructed from 2003 to 2011, it hosted the alpine skiing events for the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, based in nearby Sochi. The resort is 50 kilometers (30 mi) east of the Black Sea at Sochi; the majority of the slopes at Rosa Khutor face northeast, with the backside slopes facing southwest.

## Elevations

The lower base area of Roza Valley at the Mzymta River is at an elevation of 560 meters (1,840 ft) above sea level. The highest lift is the Caucasus Express gondola, which climbs to the summit of Roza Peak at 2,320 m (7,610 ft), yielding a total vertical drop of over a mile at 1,760 m (5,770 ft). The main base area for skiing is at Roza Plateau at 1,170 m (3,840 ft), a vertical drop of 1,150 m (3,770 ft) from the summit. Besedka, the mid-mountain area, is at 1,350 m (4,430 ft) and is the lower loading station of the Caucasus Express; which has a mid-lift loading station at Roza-1600, about a mile above sea level at 1,600 m (5,200 ft). At the eastern edge of the resort is Rosa Stadium, the finish area for the alpine racing events at 940 m (3,080 ft), a vertical drop of 1,380 m (4,530 ft) from the Roza Peak summit.

## Hotels

Rosa Khutor Alpine Ski Resort is the site of ten hotel projects with more than 1600 rooms.

## World Cup 2012

Rosa Khutor hosted World Cup alpine races in the downhill and super combined for both men and women in February 2012, two years ahead of the Olympics. The race courses were designed by 1972 Olympic gold medalist Bernhard Russi.
The men's World Cup downhill started well below the summit at 2,045 meters (6,709 ft) and finished at 970 meters (3,180 ft), with a vertical drop of 1,075 meters (3,527 ft) and a course length of 3.495 kilometers (2.172 mi). The maximum gradient is 84% (40 degrees) at the top of the course. The 2012 downhill was won by Beat Feuz of Switzerland.
The first alpine test events were held in February 2011 on the European Cup circuit.

## Gallery

* General view of the elevation of 1170 m (Rose Plateau) from the Aibga Ridge.
* Mountain Olympic Village. 1170 m above sea level.
* Hotels and other facilities of the complex on the banks of the river Mzymta.
* The tower of the "Town Hall" building, stylized as a tower of the Sochi railway station.
* View of the site in 2013.
* In the ski resort Rosa Khutor.
* Sochi, Krasnodar Krai
* Cotton clouds
* Mountain Resort Rosa Khutor, Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi.
* Krasnaya Polyana. Mzymta River
# Clarissa Burton Cumbo

Clarissa Wilhelmina Burton Cumbo (January 15, 1903 – August 20, 1988) was an American musician and arts patron, based in New York and born in the British West Indies.

## Early life

Clarissa Wilhelmina Burton was born in Roseau, Dominica, the daughter of English-born Davies Charles Burton (1855–1919) and Jane Elizabeth Pinard Burton (1872–1948). Her father was a cathedral organist and choir director. She moved to New York as a girl, with her family.

## Career

Clarissa Cumbo was trained as a pianist and singer. She toured with Josephine Baker in The Chocolate Dandies revue in the 1920s. In 1942, she and her husband joined a committee of "prominent citizens" of Harlem, along with Countee Cullen, Shelton Hale Bishop, and Leathe Colvert Hemachandra, to judge a competition for young singers.
In the 1940s, Cumbo helped to organize the State Orchestra, an interracial ensemble, and the Cosmopolitan Little Symphony, which performed under Everett Lee. She founded Community Friends of Music in 1950, to promote concerts by Black musicians. In the 1960s she co-organized the charity Friends of the Symphony of the New World; her husband played cello in the symphony they supported. In 1970 she and her husband founded a nonprofit organization, Triad Presentations, nurturing and supporting the work of Black composers and musicians. Triad Presentations held an annual concert at Alice Tully Hall.
Clarissa Cumbo received the Howard Jackman Memorial Award from the National Association of Negro Musicians in 1979, "in recognition of her many years of service to composers and musicians." In 1985, the Cumbos were honored by the Harlem School of the Arts for their contributions to classical arts education.

## Personal life

In 1924, Clarissa Burton married cellist Marion William Cumbo (1899–1990). They had a son, William Burton Cumbo (1926–1963), who served in the US Navy during World War II. She became an American citizen in 1943. She died in 1988, in New York, aged 85 years.