OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CSS Owl

CSS Owl was a blockade runner in the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. It was built by Jones Quiggen, a ship builder in Liverpool, England and launched on June 21, 1864.
Owl, sister to CSS Bat, was more fortunate than her twin which followed her closely. Owl succeeded in running into Wilmington, North Carolina sometime in September 1864, although United States Consul Mortimer Melville Jackson telegraphed Washington, D.C. that Owl had "a large, valuable cargo" cleared August 31—officially for Nassau, Bahamas. She escaped to sea from Wilmington on October 3; her masts were visible all the while she lay in port loading. The blockaders wounded her captain and several crewmen, but 9 shots failed to stop Owl.
She was now commanded by Commander John Newland Maffitt, CSN—the "Prince of Privateers"—detached from CSS Albemarle at Plymouth, North Carolina on or about September 9. Confederate Navy Secretary Stephen Mallory, telegraphing on September 19, warned Maffitt: "It is of the first importance that our steamers should not fall into the enemy's hands… these vessels, lightly armed, now constitute the fleetest and most efficient part of his blockading force off Wilmington." Maffitt was to take no passengers, as a rule, and Assistant Paymaster Adam Tredwell, CSN, would deliver "5,000 pounds in sterling bills before sailing," Mallory concluded.
Owl was at Bermuda with cotton October 24–29, as the U.S. Consul faithfully reported. On December 5, Mallory instructed Maffitt to pick up CSS Florida's men in Bermuda. A letter to Mallory captured, along with Assistant Paymaster Talley, CSN, by USS Forest Rose on May 7, 1865 bears an endorsement by her commander, Lieutenant A. N. Gould, USN: "It shows that Maffitt has been landing on the Florida coast with the Owl." U.S. Consul William Thomas Minor at Havana, Cuba reported on May 20 that Maffitt was to leave there in a day or two for Galveston, Texas. On this last trip Owl was almost captured at Wilmington by a Federal cruiser and had to jettison valuable mail as well as sustain 12 casualties. Maffitt then tried Galveston, and grounded on Bird Island Shoals at the entrance within range of 16 enemy cruisers. Captain James H. MacGarvey, CSN, in little CSS Diana got Owl off barely in time; she not only ran into port but ran out safely too. There is some evidence Owl's last two runs through the blockade were made under the name of Foam.
Owl was delivered to Fraser, Trenholm & Co. in Liverpool after war's end, and Maffitt took the Board of Trade examinations to command British merchant ships to South America.
# Helen Fein

Helen Fein (September 17, 1934 – May 14, 2022) was a historical sociologist and professor who specialized in genocide, human rights, collective violence and other issues. She was an author and editor of four books and monographs, an associate of the International Security Program (Harvard University), and a founder and first president of the International Association of Genocide Scholars. Fein was the executive director of the Institute for the Study of Genocide (City University of New York). She died on May 14, 2022, at the age of 87.

## Definition of antisemitism

In The persisting question: sociological perspectives and social contexts of modern antisemitism, Fein wrote:
   I propose to define antisemitism as a persisting latent structure of hostile beliefs towards Jews as a collectivity manifested in individuals as attitudes, and in culture as myth, ideology, folklore, and imagery, and in actions — social or legal discrimination, political mobilization against the Jews, and collective or state violence — which results in and/or is designed to distance, displace, or destroy Jews as Jews.

## Publications

* Genocide Watch, 1992.
* Genocide: A Sociological Perspective, 1993
* Accounting for Genocide, 1979
* Human Rights and Wrongs, 2007
# Lewis M. Feldstein

Lewis M. Feldstein is the co-chair of The Saguaro Seminar along with Robert D. Putnam and was President of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation until June 2010. He collaborates with Putnum and many others on publications and projects such as the Better Together book and website aimed at promoting community and civic engagement.
Feldstein is a graduate of Brown University and holds a master's degree in Law and Diplomacy from Tufts University. Besides receiving six honorary doctorates, Feldstein has been a wine steward and personal assistant to John Wayne on his yacht in the Mediterranean, senior staff member for New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay and worked with the civil rights movement in Mississippi.
# Mo Zhang (table tennis)

Mo Zhang (Chinese: 張墨; born 17 January 1989) is a female Chinese-born table tennis player who now represents Canada. She was born in Shijiazhuang, and currently resides in Vancouver.

## Career

She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the third round of the singles competition.
With her win at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, she qualified for the London 2012 Olympic Games.
She won a bronze medal in the women's doubles with Anqi Luo at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.
In June 2016, she was officially named to Canada's 2016 Olympic team. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she lost in the second round to Hungary's Georgina Póta.
She represented Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Zhang qualified for her fifth Olympics in 2024.

## Career results
### North American Table Tennis Championships

* 2013 Vancouver: Runner-up Women's Singles
* 2011 Mississauga: Winner Women's Singles
* 2010 Grand Rapids: Winner Women's Singles
* 2009 Laval: Winner Women's Singles
* 2006 Rochester: Winner Women's Doubles
* 2008 Las Vegas: Runner-up Women's Singles
* 2007 Laval: Runner-up Women's Singles
* 2006 Rochester: Runner-up Women's Singles

### North America Cup

* 2015 Markham: Winner Women's Singles
* 2014 Burnaby: Winner Women's Singles
* 2012 Mississauga: Runner-up Women's Singles
* 2011 Mississauga: Runner-up Women's Singles
* 2011 Mississauga: Winner Women's Team

### Pan American Games

* 2015 Toronto: Bronze Women's Team
* 2011 Guadalajara: Winner Women's Singles
* 2007 Rio de Janeiro: Runner-up Women's Team

### ITTF Pan-America Cup

* 2019: Runner-up Women's Singles
* 2018: Winner Women's Singles
* 2017: Runner-up Women's Singles
# Bernadette M. Allen

Bernadette Mary Allen (born May 1956) is a retired American career diplomat and former United States Ambassador to the Republic of Niger.

## Education

Born in Washington, D.C., Allen was raised in Seat Pleasant, MD, and educated in the Prince George's County public school system. Allen earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at Central College in Pella, Iowa in 1978, with a double major in French language and Linguistics. In her study abroad year (1976-1977) with Central College at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France, she earned a Certificate in French Language and Culture. Allen completed her Master of Arts degree at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. in 1989, in Human Resources Management.

## Career

Allen was commissioned into the U.S. diplomatic service in January 1980. She held assignments in Burundi (1980-1982), The Philippines (1982-1984), The People's Republic of China (1991-1994), Canada (2000-2005) and the Republic of Niger (2006-2010). Her domestic assignments at the U.S. Department of State included the Bureau of Consular Affairs, the Bureau of African Affairs, the Bureau of Legislative Affairs, and the National Foreign Affairs Training Center. President George W. Bush nominated her to serve as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Niger, and she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on February 16, 2006. Allen continued her service as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Niger during the administration of President Barack H. Obama. Subsequently, Allen served for ten years on the Foreign Service Grievance Board (2013-2023).
# Carlos Loizaga

Carlos Loizaga was member of the Paraguayan Triumvirate established by the occupying allied forces following the fall of Asunción from 15 August 1869 to 31 August 1870. He was a member of the Paraguayan Legion.
# Ear (rune)

| Name | Old English |
| Name | Ēar |
| Shape | Futhorc |
| Unicode | ᛠ U+16E0 |
| Transliteration | ea |
| Transcription | ea, æa |
| IPA | [æ(ː)ɑ] |
| Position in rune-row | 28 or 29 |
The Ear ᛠ rune of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc is a late addition to the alphabet. It is, however, still attested from epigraphical evidence, notably the Thames scramasax, and its introduction thus cannot postdate the 9th century.

## Transliteration

It is transliterated as ea, and the Anglo-Saxon rune poem glosses it as
    ᛠ [ear] bẏþ egle eorla gehƿẏlcun, / ðonn[e] fæstlice flæsc onginneþ, / hraƿ colian, hrusan ceosan / blac to gebeddan; bleda gedreosaþ, / ƿẏnna geƿitaþ, ƿera gesƿicaþ.
    " ᛠ [ear] is horrible to every knight, / when the corpse quickly begins to cool / and is laid in the bosom of the dark earth. / Prosperity declines, happiness passes away / and covenants are broken."

## Jacob Grimm's interpretation

Jacob Grimm in his 1835 Teutonic Mythology (ch. 9) attached a deeper significance to the name. He interprets the Old English poem as describing "death personified", connected to the death-bringing god of war, Ares. He notes that the ear rune is simply a Tyr rune with two barbs attached to it and suggests that Tir and Ear, Old High German Zio and Eor, were two names of the same god. He finds the name in the toponym of Eresburg (*Eresberc) in Westphalia, in Latin Mons martis. Grimm thus suggests that the Germans had adopted the name of Greek Ares as an epithet of their god of war, and Eresberc was literally an Areopagus. Grimm further notes that in the Bavarian (Marcomannic) area, Tuesday (dies Martis) was known as Ertag, Iertag, Irtag, Eritag, Erchtag, Erichtag as opposed to the Swabian and Swiss (Alemannic) region where the same day is Ziestag as in Anglo-Saxon. Grimm concludes that Ziu was known by the alternative name Eor, derived from Greek Ares, and also as Saxnot among the Saxons, identified as a god of the sword.

## In popular culture

In the farm life simulation game Stardew Valley, it represents a symbol of faith called Yoba.
# Hôtel de Ville, Fort-de-France

The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation:, City Hall) is a municipal building in Fort-de-France, Martinique, in the Caribbean Sea, standing on Rue Victor Sévère. It was designated a monument historique by the French government in 1979.

## History

The first municipal building in the town was the Maison Commune, on Rue Victor Hugo, which was completed in 1848. In the early 1880s, the town council decided to commission a more substantial building. The site they selected was occupied by the old hospice of the college of Saint-Victor, which dated back to the early 19th century.
Construction started in 1884 but was delayed by a major fire on 22 June 1890 and then by a cyclone on 18 August 1891. The initial design work was undertaken by Sieur Krous but, following the delays, it was taken over by Sieur De Laguarigue. It was designed in the neoclassical style, built in ashlar stone and was officially opened by the mayor, Victor Sévère, on 21 September 1901.
The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of 13 bays facing onto Rue Victor Sévère. The centre section of three bays, which was slightly projected forward, featured three round headed openings on the ground floor, and three French doors with a balcony on the first floor. The wings were fenestrated by segmentally headed windows with keystones on the ground floor and by segmentally headed windows without keystones on the first floor. The windows on the first floor were flanked by Ionic order pilasters supporting a frieze, a series of panels and a cornice with iron fretwork. Above the central section, there was a pediment with a coat of arms in the tympanum, and a clock tower with a small belfry behind. Internally, the principal rooms were the Salle de Conseil (council chamber) and the Salle des Mariages (wedding room).
A statue created by the sculptor, Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, in 1870, depicting a slave with his chains broken, was installed in the foyer. The mayor, Antoine Siger, was shot and killed while standing on the balcony during an election campaign on 29 April 1908. An annex, with a theatre incorporating an Italian-style auditorium with 800 seats, was added to the building in 1912.
A new high-rise municipal office block was erected behind the building, facing on to Rue de la République, in 1970. The new structure stood on tall piers and was left open on the ground floor, while the windows on the upper floors were fronted with steel slats. The mayor and poet, Aimé Césaire, used the wedding room on the first floor of the old building as his office until he retired in 2001. Following his death in April 2008, the old building was renamed the Théâtre Aimé Césaire to commemorate his life.
# Rodney Lawrence

Rodney Lawrence (born 8 August 1954) is an Australian cricketer. He played in eight first-class matches for Queensland between 1974 and 1983.
# Dyslexia Action

51°26′10″N 0°30′05″W﻿ / ﻿51.4362°N 0.5015°W﻿ / 51.4362; -0.5015
Dyslexia Action (formerly the Dyslexia Institute) is an organisation based in Staines-upon-Thames, Surrey, England, founded in 1972.

## History

The Word Blind Centre was the first established clinic in Britain that catered to children diagnosed with dyslexia. The clinic also gathered evidence to improve the classification of dyslexia as a disorder. The centre was closed in 1971 due to a lack of funds. In 1972, the Surrey Dyslexia Institute, which had been in existence since 1968, was converted into the Dyslexia Institute by Wendy Fisher and Kathleen Hickey. Kathleen Hickey became the Director of Studies at the institute, and created "The Hickey Program", a course written and directed by Hickey, that focused on ways in which teachers can teach people with dyslexia in the UK.
By 1981, the Institute had acquired 12 centres across Britain, and in 1993, the Institute began to offer its own Postgraduate Diploma course validated by Kingston University, and later York University and Middlesex University. In February 2003, Sophie, Countess of Wessex, agreed to become the organisation's Patron. In July 2003 the Countess opened the institute's Head Office at Park House in Egham, Surrey. In 2005, the Dyslexia Institute merged with Hornsby International Dyslexia Centre, and was renamed Dyslexia Action in March 2006. Dyslexia Action's head office moved to Egham in May 2014 and the Countess officially opened the Egham Learning Centre during Dyslexia Awareness Week on 4 November 2014.
On 13 April 2017, Matthew Haw and Karen Spears of RSM Restructuring Advisory LLP were appointed as administrators of Dyslexia Institute Limited t/a Dyslexia Action. Following negotiations, the Training division, Shop, and Guild were purchased by Real Group Ltd and continue to trade.
On the 50th Anniversary (2022) of the founding of Dyslexia Action, the organisation launched the Kathleen Hickey Teaching Scholarship, to support students of the Level 5 Diploma in Specialist Teaching for Literacy-related Difficulties (DIST).

## Current services

Dyslexia Action has three main divisions; the first, Dyslexia Training, offers online training at various levels to help education professionals teach dyslexic students, and learn about co-occurring learning difficulties. The developmental training offers a number of services for those who are already trained or interested in becoming SpLD specialist teachers and assessors. The second division, The Guild, is an open membership group with members working and learning in a wide range of settings. The third division, The Dyslexia Shop, is an online resource that contains tools for educators and parents to support dyslexic children.
# Nityananda

Nityananda (Bengali: নিত্যানন্দ, IAST: Nityānanda; c. 1474-c. 1540), also called Nityananda Prabhu and Nitai, was a primary religious figure within the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Bengal. Nityananda was Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's friend and disciple. Chaitanya and Nityananda are often mentioned together as Gaura-Nitai (Gaura, referring to Chaitanya) or Nimai-Nitai (Nimai being a name of Chaitanya).
According to Gaudiya-Vaishnava tradition, Nityananda is Balarama Himself (so is also called Nityananda Rama, where Rama refers to Balarama), with Chaitanya being His eternal brother and friend, Krishna. Chaitanya is considered the "most merciful" incarnation of Krishna as Svayam bhagavan.
Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, the early 20th-century Gaudiya-Vaishnava reformer, writes about Nityananda's theological position as the embodiment of the mercy of the guru: "Nityananda is the Primary Manifestive Constituent of the Divinity. Nityananda alone possesses the distinctive function of the guru. In Nityananda, the function is embodied. Nityananda is the servant-God."

## Life

Nityananda was born to a religious Bengali Brahmin called Pandit Hadai, and his wife, Padmavati, in Ekachakra around 1474. His devotion and great talent for singing Vaishnava hymns (bhajan) were apparent from a very early age. In his youth, he generally played the part of Lakshman, the god Rama's younger brother, in dramatic re-enactments of Rama's pastimes, along with the other boys of Ekachakra.
At the age of thirteen, Nityananda left home with a travelling renunciate (sannyasi) known as Lakshmipati Tirtha. Nityananda's father, Hadai, offered Lakshmipati anything he wished as a gift, who replied that he was in need of someone to assist him in his travels to the holy places, and that Nityananda would be perfect for the job. As he had given his word, Hadai agreed, and Nityananda joined Lakshmipati in his travels. Apart from Lakshmipati, who at some point initiated him, Nityananda was also associated with Lakshmipati's other disciples: Madhavendra Puri, Advaita Acharya, and Ishvara Puri, the spiritual master of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
He died sometime between the years 1540 and 1544.

### Marriage and descendants

Nityananda married two daughters of Suryadasa Sarakhela: Vasudha and Jahnava Devi with the help of Uddharan Dutta Thakura of Saptogram. After marriage, he settled in Khardaha, 24 Parganas, West Bengal. He had a son, Virachandra Goswami or Virabhadra (who was later initiated to Vaishnava rites by his co-mother Jahnava Devi) and a daughter, Ganga, by his first wife, Vasudha.

## Legacy

Chaitanya and Nityananda's deeds have deep religious and cultural implications in Bengal. They are credited with the revival of Hinduism in Eastern India. Much of Vaishnava literature, regarded as one of the finest literary heritages of medieval Bengal, came from them or their disciples. Chief among Nityananda's disciples were the Twelve Gopalas, who spread the faith throughout the region.
# James Street Bridge (Kansas City, Kansas)

The James Street Bridge is a car crossing of the Kansas River at Kansas City. It is the second bridge at this location.
The first bridge was built in 1904 as a two lane, thru-truss bridge. The second bridge was built in 1987, as a two lane girder bridge, but using the 1904 pier from the first bridge.
# Ferdinand Cattini

Ferdinand "Pic" Cattini (27 September 1916 in Grono, Switzerland – 17 August 1969 in Davos, Switzerland) was a Swiss ice hockey player who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics and 1948 Winter Olympics. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1998, with his brother Hans Cattini.

## Personal life

Cattini was born on 27 September 1916 in Grono, Switzerland. He grew up alongside his brother Hans Cattini. He was nicknamed "Pic" due to his short stature. He worked as an electrician tradesman in Davos, Switzerland for teammate Albert Geromini.

## Playing career

Starting in 1933, Cattini, his brother, and Bibi Torriani played on a forward line known as "The ni-storm" (German: Der ni-sturm), for HC Davos. The line was named for the last syllable (-ni) of players' surnames. The ni-storm was regarded as the top line of HC Davos and Switzerland's national hockey team. As a member of HC Davos, "The ni-storm" won 15 Swiss championship titles. This line consistently competed against Gebhard Poltera and his line from EHC Arosa. Cattini developed a reputation as an on ice enforcer. He retired from HC Davos in 1956 and took over coaching duties from 1952 to 1962.
He was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998.

### International play

In 1936, he participated with the Swiss ice hockey team in the Winter Olympics tournament. He was the scoring leader with Josef Maleček at the 1939 Ice Hockey World Championships where Switzerland won bronze and the European Championship. In 1948, he participated with the Swiss ice hockey team in the Winter Olympics tournament where he won a bronze medal. During the tournament, Switzerland held a 6–2 record. In total, Cattini won six European Championships. He also participated in two Olympic Games and seven IIHF World Championships.
In 2019, Patrik Laine surpassed Cattini's record for most goals scored by an 18-year-old at the IIHF World Championship.

## Death and legacy

He died at the age of 52 from a long-term illness. The Spengler Cup dedicated a division in his name.
In 2020, he was introduced into the IIHF All-Time Switzerland Team.

## Playing statistics
### International play

Per stats available on eliteprospect.com

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1933 | Switzerland | WC | | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | – |
| 1934 | Switzerland | WC | | 8 | 10 | 0 | 10 | – |
| 1936 | Switzerland | OLY | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 1948 | Switzerland | OLY | | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Senior totals | Senior totals | Senior totals | Senior totals | 107 | 92 | 0 | 92 | 0 |
# James Mighells

Vice Admiral James Mighells (died 21 March 1734) was a Royal Navy officer who became Comptroller of the Navy.

## Naval career

Mighells was given command of HMS Monck and distinguished himself in a battle off Málaga in 1704. He commanded an expedition off the coast of Spain in 1719 during the War of the Quadruple Alliance. He commanded the naval contingent in the Raid on Vigo, a naval descent on the Spanish port town of Vigo. The land forces were under the command of Lord Cobham who successfully occupied Vigo and sent forces into the surrounding countryside.
In 1722 he was appointed Comptroller of the Navy. He died on 21 March 1734 and is buried in Lowestoft Church.