OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# WVBO

WVBO (103.9 FM) is a classic hits formatted radio station licensed to Winneconne, Wisconsin, that serves the Appleton-Oshkosh area. The station is owned by Cumulus Media.

## History

This station began broadcasting in the fall of 1966 as WOSH-FM from studios at 2333 Bowen Street, Oshkosh. Its first format included a range from musical comedy, show tunes, Broadway music, and "semi-classical" music. Early in the 1970s, WOSH-FM changed its call letters to WYTL, and adopted a modern country format. This was maintained until August 1, 1975, at which time 103.9 FM regained the WOSH callsign and changed format to top 40/contemporary hits. Effectively this was advertised as a "frequency swap" to listeners, where WYTL-FM "moved" along with its country format to AM 1490, and WOSH-AM "moved" to FM 103.9 with its top 40 format.
On October 1, 1984, WOSH changed its call letters to WMGV, and at approximately the same time, increased its transmitting power. At this time it began branding itself as "Magic 104".
At 10 a.m. on April 30, 1994, WMGV began stunting as "Louie 103.9", with a format of "All Louie, All the Time", playing 21 different versions of the song "Louie Louie" made popular by The Kingsmen. Stunting continued until 7 a.m. May 3, 1994, at which time the station changed formats and its callsign to WVBO, as the "Valley's Best Oldies".
In 2001, WVBO and sister stations 96.9 The Fox WWWX, 99.5 Nash FM, NewsTalk 1490 WOSH and 1280 WNAM, moved from the Bowen Street facility to Washburn Street, next to Interstate 41.
The former station mascot was named Louie the Cool Cat.
# James D. Montgomery (economist)

James Douglas Montgomery (born April 13, 1963) is professor of sociology and economics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has applied game-theoretic models and non-monotonic logic to present formal analysis and description of social theories and sociological phenomena. He was the recipient of James Coleman Award (1999) for his paper “Toward a Role-Theoretic Conception of Embeddedness”. His paper is a major contribution towards formalization of social theories and sociological interpretation of game theories since he presents a repeated-game model in which the players are not individuals (as traditionally conceived in economic models) but assume social roles such as a profit-maximizing "businessperson" and nonstrategic "friend" (Montgomery, 1999).
In the early 1990s, Montgomery contributed to economic theories of network structures in labor market. In 1991, Montgomery incorporated network structures in an adverse selection model to analyze the effects of social networks on labor market outcomes. In 1992, Montgomery explored the role of “weak ties”, which he defined as non-frequent and transitory social relations, in labor market. He demonstrates that weak ties are positively related to higher wages and higher aggregate employment rates.
He is currently working on integrating non-monotonic logic with social network analysis in the context of sociological theories.

## Selected works

* "The Logic of Role Theory: Role Conflict and Stability of the Self-Concept", Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 29 (January 2005): 33–71.
* "A Formalization and Test of the Religious Economies Model", American Sociological Review, 68 (October 2003): 782–809.
* "The Self as a Fuzzy Set of Roles, Role Theory as a Fuzzy System", Sociological Methodology, 30 (2000): 261–314.
* "Adverse Selection and Employment Cycles", Journal of Labor Economics, 17 (April 1999): 281–97.
* "Toward a Role-Theoretic Conception of Embeddedness", American Journal of Sociology, 104 (July 1998): 92–125.
* "The Structure of Social Exchange Networks: A Game-Theoretic Reformulation of Blau's Model", Sociological Methodology, 26 (1996): 193–225.
* "Rationality and the Framing of Religious Choices", with Mark Chaves, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 35 (June 1996): 128–44.
* "Contemplations on the Economic Approach to Religious Behavior", American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, '86 (May 1996): 443-447.
* "The Dynamics of the Religious Economy: Exit, Voice, and Denominational Secularization", Rationality and Society, 8 (February 1996): 81–110.
* "Revisiting Tally's Corner: Mainstream Norms, Cognitive Dissonance, and Underclass Behavior", Rationality and Society, 6 (October 1994): 462–88.
# Itoya

Itoya (Japanese: 伊東屋; stylized as ITO-YA) is a Japanese stationery brand founded in 1904 (Meiji 37) in Ginza, Tokyo.
Its original location was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.

## Topdrawer

Its American subsidiary, ITOYA of America, Ltd., was established in 1976. Itoya operates another subsidiary company called Topdrawer, headquartered in Boston. Topdrawer has retail stores in Japan and 18 locations in the US. Its US locations include Boston, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Topdrawer is managed by its president Peter Dunn. Its mission is to offer better tools for creative people and focusses on timeless products such as Japanese Creative Tools and Paper, House Shoes, Eyewear, Organic Cotton Bags, Fine Pens and Notebooks.

## Merci ticket

In 1953, a consumer loyalty program called Merci ticket was created: 100-yen ticket (orange), 50-yen ticket (yellow), 10-yen ticket (green) were issued for purchases of 2,000 yen, 1,000 yen, and 200 yen (effectively 5% return, no expiration date) to be used for future purchases. Similar return tickets were also seen at Tokyu Hands stationery tickets and local stationery stores. Issuance of Merci tickets ended in January 2009. After that, the issue of card-type Merci cards or Merci apps (return rate 3%, expiration date 24 months from the last use date) was shifted. Unused Merci tickets can be transferred as Merci card points at the Itoya Information Counter.
# GM LT4 engine

General Motors has produced two different engines called LT4:
* 1996–1997 LT4 – GM Generation II Small-Block
* 2015-(current) LT4 - GM Generation V Small-Block – Used in the Z06 Corvette & Cadillac CTS-V & Camaro ZL1 for years 2017–2019.
# Kirkby-in-Furness railway station

Kirkby-in-Furness is a railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. The station, situated 9+1⁄4 miles (15 km) north of Barrow-in-Furness, serves the village of Kirkby-in-Furness in Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
The name Kirkby-in-Furness did not exist until the creation of the railway line. The village in fact is an amalgamation of six smaller villages and hamlets. The name was chosen almost at random by the train company for the station and was eventually used for the collection of villages.
In Victorian times, the station gained fame as the station with the longest platform seat in the country. However, this was removed many years ago.

## Facilities

There are no longer any permanent buildings at the station apart from a footbridge and shelters on each platform (that on the northbound one being the more substantial). The station has (like others on the line) been fitted with a ticket vending machine, to allow passengers to buy their tickets prior to travel. Step-free access is available to both platforms, though this requires the use of a barrow crossing for northbound passengers and so care must be taken when used. Train running information is provided by telephone, digital display screens and timetable posters.

## Services

Northern Trains Route 6 :
vte :
Cumbrian Coast, Furness & Windermere lines :
Braystones & Nethertown are request stops. :
There is a basic hourly service in each direction, north to Millom, Whitehaven and Carlisle, and south to Barrow-in-Furness. A few continue through to Lancaster. The last two evening northbound trains terminate at Millom.
A Sunday service (the first for more than forty years) was introduced at the May 2018 timetable change –this runs broadly hourly from mid-morning until the early evening (though some services only run to/from Millom).
# WLUE (AM)

WLUE (1600 AM) is a commercial radio station airing an urban adult contemporary format, with urban gospel music on Sunday mornings. Licensed to Eminence, Kentucky, it simulcasts with sister station 1350 WLOU in Louisville. They are owned by New Albany Broadcasting, with studios on West Muhammad Ali Boulevard, west of downtown. WLOU and WLUE target the African American community in the Louisville metropolitan area, which includes parts of Kentucky and Indiana. The Louisville radio market has approximately 200,000 African-American residents, about 16% of the population.
WLUE is a daytimer station. By day, WLUE is powered at 320 watts. To protect other stations on 1600 AM from interference, at night it must sign off the air. Programming is heard around the clock on FM translator W231DB in La Grange at 94.1 MHz.

## History

The station signed on the air on June 1, 1966; 58 years ago (1966-06-01). The original call sign was WSTL. On September 17, 1986, the station changed its call letters to WKXF; then on August 1, 1990, to WXLN; then on June 14, 1991, to WKXF; again on January 4, 2002, to WTSZ; on January 20, 2012, to WLUE; on February 6, 2013, to WLRS; and on June 3, 2016, back to WLUE.
On September 26, 2011, WTSZ changed its format to news/talk, branded as "NewsTalk 1570", simulcasting WNDA 1570 AM in New Albany, Indiana.
On May 25, 2015, WLRS changed its format to Spanish language contemporary, branded as "La Poderosa" (The Power).
The station changed its call sign to WKYI on December 15, 2017, to WBKI on January 19, 2018, and back to WKYI on February 8, 2018.
On October 9, 2018, WKYI split from its simulcast with WLRS and switched to a southern rock and classic country format branded as "My 94.1".
On August 15, 2022, WKYI changed its format from classic country/southern rock to a simulcast of urban oldies-formatted WLOU 1350 AM Louisville under new WLUE call letters.
# Madonna of Avenue A

Madonna of Avenue A is a 1929 American sound (All-Talking) pre-Code drama film directed by Michael Curtiz. It was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. It starred Dolores Costello in one of her first sound films. This is reportedly a lost film.

## Cast

* Dolores Costello as Maria Morton
* Grant Withers as Slim Shayne
* Douglas Gerrard as Arch Duke
* Louise Dresser as Georgia Morton
* Otto Hoffman as Monk
* Lee Moran as Gus
* Rhoda Cross
* Susanne Ransom as child (uncredited)
* William Russell (uncredited)

## Music

The film featured a theme song entitled "My Madonna" with music by Louis Silvers and Fred Fisher and lyrics by Billy Rose. Dolores Costello sings the song in the film. The song is also played frequently as background music by the Vitaphone orchestra throughout the film.

## Censorship

Like many American films of the time, Madonna of Avenue A was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. In Kansas the film, with a plot involving prostitution, illegitimacy, and suicide was banned by the Board of Review.
# Cape Cruz

Cape Cruz, (Spanish: Cabo Cruz), is a cape that forms the western extremity of the Granma Province in southern Cuba. It extends into the Caribbean Sea and marks the eastern border of the Gulf of Guacanayabo. Cape Cruz is located in the municipality of Niquero and is part of the Desembarco del Granma National Park.

## Architecture

The southernmost tip of Cape Cruz is marked by Faro Vargas, a nineteenth-century lighthouse with a height of 32 metres (105 ft).

## Transport

The cape is the endpoint of the Niquero branch of the "Circuito Sur de Oriente" (CSO) highway.
# Lomandra montana

Lomandra montana (common name - Blue Mountains mat-rush) is a perennial, rhizomatous herb found in eastern Australia.

## Description

This is a tufted plant with leaves from 35 – 50 cm long and 2–4 mm wide. The male and female inflorescences are unbranched and much shorter than the leaves, and the flower clusters occur in whorls

## Distribution

It is found near creeks and waterfalls.

## Taxonomy

Lomandra montana was first described in 1810 by Robert Brown as Xerotes montana. In 1937 it was transferred to the genus, Lomandra, by Lilian Ross Fraser and Joyce Winifred Vickery, to give the current name. It was also renamed as the variety Xerotes longifolia var montana by Frederick Manson Bailey in 1912, but this name is considered to be a synonym only.
# Paid in Full (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Paid in Full/Dream Team is the soundtrack album to the 2002 film, Paid in Full. It was released on October 25, 2002, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. The soundtrack was released on two compact discs. The first disc was a collection of old school hip hop and R&B songs, while the second was a collection of new songs recorded by Roc-A-Fella. The album peaked at number 53 on the Billboard 200, number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 2 on the Top Soundtracks chart.

## Track listing
### Disc 1 (Hosted By The World Famous Brucie B)

* "Paid in Full"- 3:46 (Eric B. & Rakim)
* "The Show"- 4:26 (Doug E. Fresh and Slick Rick)
* "New Generation"- 5:00 (The Classical Two)
* "Gangster Shit"- 5:00 (Mob Style)
* "The Bridge Is Over"- 4:01 (Boogie Down Productions)
* "I Got It Made"- 3:41 (Special Ed)
* "Fool's Paradise"- 4:11 (Meli'sa Morgan)
* "Before I Let Go"- 5:01 (Frankie Beverly and Maze)
* "In the Air Tonight"- 7:17 (Phil Collins)
* "Goodbye Love"- 4:56 (Guy)
* "Outro (Interview)"- 28:00 (Damon Dash and Jamal Joseph)

### Disc 2 (Hosted By DJ Clue)

* "Champions"- 6:12 (Damon Dash, Kanye West, Beanie Sigel, Cam'Ron, Young Chris and Twista)
* "Roc Army"- 2:57 (Jay-Z, Cam'Ron, Freeway, Oschino, Sparks, Young Chris and Peedi Crakk)
* "Bout It Bout It..., Part III"- 5:20 (The Diplomats featuring Master P)
* "One for Peedi Crakk"- 4:49 (Peedi Crakk, Freeway, Young Chris and Beanie Sigel)
* "1, 2 Y'all"- 5:45 (Memphis Bleek featuring Jay-Z, Lil' Cease and Geda K)
* "Don't You Know"- 3:30 (Jay-Z)
* "You Know What I Want"- 3:40 (Rell featuring Cam'Ron)
* "I'm Ready"- 4:44 (The Diplomats featuring Cam'Ron, Juelz Santana and Jimmy Jones)
* "Ghost"- 5:10 (Rick Vocals)
* "Home of Philly"- 4:13 (Young Chris and Beanie Sigel)
* "Alright"- 5:27 (Allen Anthony)
* "City"- 4:01 (M.O.P. and Lil' Red)
* "I Am Dame Dash"- 3:27 (Damon Dash, Cam'Ron and Jimmy Jones)
* "Fantasy Real"- 3:16 (Frankie featuring Freeway)
* "On & Poppin'"- 3:30 (Oschino & Sparks)
* "Brooklyn Girl"- 4:01 (M.A.J.)
# Kaspars Cipruss

Kaspars Cipruss (born February 2, 1982) is a former Latvian basketball player. He is the current General Secretary of the Latvian Basketball Association.

## Club career

Born in Rēzekne, Latvia, Cipruss started his basketball career in Latvian powerhouse ASK/Brocēni/LMT in 1998. After extinction of the team he had a brief spell in Latvian team BK Gulbenes Buki.
In 2000, he drew interest from Rutgers, Wake Forest, North Carolina State, Georgia Tech, UNLV and Boston College. Cipruss signed a letter of intent to play basketball at Rutgers, but he had letter-of-intent problem, so he decided instead to play professionally in Europe.
Therefore, he moved to Italy, joining Lega Basket Serie A team Pallacanestro Trieste. Soon after he signed a 3-year contract with Slovenian Euroleague team KK Union Olimpija, but was loaned to KD Slovan. Since then he has played professional basketball in Poland, various levels in Spain, United Arab Emirates, Czech Republic, Estonia and Lithuania.
On 23 January 2015, he signed with Barons/LDz of the Latvian Basketball League.

## National team

Cipruss started his Latvia national basketball team career with the youngest, U16 team. Few years later, in 1998 he was part of the team which managed to achieve 9th place at the FIBA Under-19 World Championship and semi-final spot in the U19 EuroBasket. Three years later he was also part of the senior team, which reached the quarterfinals of EuroBasket 2001. Later on he has also been in the final tournaments in 2005 and 2007.

## Achievements

* Latvijas Basketbola līga: 1997-98, 1998–99
** Runner-up 2001-02, 2006–07

### Individual

* BBL Challenge Cup MVP: 2011-12
* Estonian Basketball Championship MVP: 2011-12
# WVIK

WVIK (90.3 FM) is the flagship National Public Radio station for the Quad Cities region of eastern Iowa and northwest Illinois. It is based in Rock Island, Illinois, and licensed to and owned by Augustana College. The studios are located on Augustana's campus in Rock Island. The station also operates two low-powered translators – K240DZ at 95.9 FM in Dubuque, Iowa, relays its main programming, and W252EM at 98.3 in Davenport, Iowa, carries WVIK's second HD Radio channel.

## History

The station signed on for the first time on August 25, 1980, on 90.1 FM. The Quad Cities had been one of the last areas of Iowa and Illinois without a city-grade signal from an NPR station. Prior to 1980, the only source of NPR programming in the area had been a low-powered translator of Cedar Falls' KUNI, though much of the area got grade B coverage from Iowa City's WSUI. In 1991, it moved to its current frequency, and activated its Dubuque translator in 1996.
In March 2022, WVIK announced plans to realign its programming streams. The full-power 90.3 FM signal would drop its afternoon classical music block to air NPR news and talk programming full time, while the Davenport translator would air classical music full-time. As part of the realignment, the 105.7 FM frequency would be upgraded to cover more of the Quad Cities.
On May 1, 2023, the programming realignment on WVIK took place with WVIK's main signal airing NPR news and talk and the translator airing classical music. The station's HD2 subcarrier became a simulcast of the Davenport translator.

## Translators

| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP (W) | HAAT | Class | Transmitter coordinates | FCC info | Notes |
| K240DZ | 95.9 FM | Dubuque, Iowa | 77016 | 153 | 47.9 m (157 ft) | D | 42°29′47.2″N 90°41′9″W﻿ / ﻿42.496444°N 90.68583°W﻿ / 42.496444; -90.68583﻿ (K240DZ) | LMS | — |
| W252EM | 98.3 FM | Davenport, Iowa | 153553 | 250 | 0 m (0 ft) | D | 41°28′29″N 90°26′45″W﻿ / ﻿41.47472°N 90.44583°W﻿ / 41.47472; -90.44583﻿ (W252EM) | LMS | Relays HD2 |
# Surface gradient

In vector calculus, the surface gradient is a vector differential operator that is similar to the conventional gradient. The distinction is that the surface gradient takes effect along a surface.
For a surface $S$ in a scalar field $u$, the surface gradient is defined and notated as
    $\nabla _{S}u=\nabla u-\mathbf {\hat {n}} (\mathbf {\hat {n}} \cdot \nabla u)$
where $\mathbf {\hat {n}}$ is a unit normal to the surface. Examining the definition shows that the surface gradient is the (conventional) gradient with the component normal to the surface removed (subtracted), hence this gradient is tangent to the surface. In other words, the surface gradient is the orthographic projection of the gradient onto the surface.
The surface gradient arises whenever the gradient of a quantity over a surface is important. In the study of capillary surfaces for example, the gradient of spatially varying surface tension doesn't make much sense, however the surface gradient does and serves certain purposes.
# Young India (film)

Young India is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Dasari Narayana Rao and starring himself, Pradyumna, Arvind Krishna and Soumya Bollapragada with Brahmanandam in a supporting role. This film marks the film debut of Pradyumna and Arvind Krishna.
The film was released to negative reviews and was a box office failure. The film's music was considered as one of its saving graces.

## Plot

The film follows a group of friends—Abhi, Venky, Razzaq and Rai—who have the intention of committing suicide due to their individual problems. When Abhi, a victim of the Mutyam scandal intends to commit suicide, he learns that three of his friends are also about to commit suicide and he saves them with the help of Keerthi. They come together along with a police officer Rangayya Naidu to fight off injustice in a movement called Young India.

## Cast

* Dasari Narayana Rao as SP Rangayya Naidu
* Pradyumna as Abhi
* Arvind Krishna as Razzaq
* Soumya Bollapragada as Keerthi
* Brahmanandam
* Gajula Udayshankar as Kalyan
* Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad as Chief Minister
* AVS as A. V. S. Maniyam
* Venu Yeldandi as Mr. Jaffa
* Rocket Raghava as reporter

## Production
### Casting

This film marked Dasari Narayana Rao's 149th film after a six year sabbatical. To find cast members for the film, he ran talent hunts through local newspapers. For the cast members, approximately 22,000 to 35,000 people applied to be in the film in Hyderabad and 640 were selected. Kodi Ramakrishna, Ravi Raja Pinisetty, Suresh Krissna, Relangi Narasimha Rao, Suddala Ashok Teja and Ramakrishna Prasad were assigned the task of shortlisting the candidates. Thereafter, 29 people were shortlisted as lead actors and 60 people were shortlisted for supporting roles. From there, Dasari Narayana Rao selected three people for each role and chose the right actor based on a screen test.
Abhinay Vaddi—who was credited as Pradyumna in the film—was in UK at the time and decided to apply for the film due to the respect that Dasari Narayana Rao had for his grandmother Savitri. Up and until the last audition, Abhinay Vaddi kept his lineage a secret.

### Post-production

The film entered post-production as of April 2010.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. M. Keeravani and features a remix of "Vandanam Abhivandanam" from Premabhishekam (1981), which was also directed by Dasari Narayana Rao.

## Release

Dasari Narayana Rao, who reportedly owned some theatres during the film's release, only wanted his film Young India to be shown in theaters as opposed to other films. The film was a box office failure.