OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Green paper

In the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth countries, Hong Kong, the United States and the European Union, a green paper is a tentative government report and consultation document of policy proposals for debate and discussion. A green paper represents the best that the government can propose on the given issue, but, as it remains uncommitted, it can without loss of face leave its final decision open until it has been able to consider the public reaction to it. Green papers may result in the production of a white paper. They may be seen as grey literature.

## Canada

A green paper in Canada, like a white paper, is an official government document. Green papers tend to be statements not of policy already determined, but of propositions put before the whole nation for discussion. They are produced early in the policy-making process, while ministerial proposals are still being formulated. Many white papers in Canada have been, in effect, green papers, while at least one green paper—that on immigration and population in 1975—was released for public debate after the government had already drafted legislation.

## United Kingdom

Similarly, in the UK, green papers are official consultation documents produced by the government for discussion both inside and outside Parliament, for instance when a government department is considering introducing a new law.
The term "green paper" has been said to originate with the publication in 1941 by Herwald Ramsbotham, UK president of the board of education, of plans for educational reform in a green binding, which became known as the "Green Book". According to the BBC, UK green papers are printed on paper of a pale green colour.

## European Union

A green paper released by the European Commission is a discussion document intended to stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation, at European level, on a particular topic. A green paper usually presents a range of ideas and is meant to invite interested individuals or organizations to contribute views and information. It may be followed by a white paper, an official set of proposals that is used as a vehicle for their development into law.

## Examples
### Discussion of defence policy in Australia, 2000

A major review of defence policy in Australia culminated in a white paper issued in December 2000. Prior to this, a discussion paper was released in June 2000. This discussion paper was in nature what is known as a green paper (and was sometimes referred to as such).

### Copyright in the knowledge economy, 2008

The purpose of the 2008 EU green paper on copyright was to foster a debate on how knowledge for research, science and education can best be disseminated in the online environment. The green paper, which was published on 16 July 2008, aimed to set out a number of issues connected with the role of copyright in the "knowledge economy" and intended to launch a consultation on these issues (see this document). The EU asked for answers and comments to be submitted up to 30 November 2008.
# Augusto Mancini

Augusto Mancini (2 March 1875 – 18 September 1957) was an Italian philologist, Hellenist and politician.

## Life

Mancini was born in Livorno. In 1895 he graduated in letters from Pisa University in 1895 and began teaching at the Liceo Machiavelli in Lucca, which he soon adopted as his home town. He was appointed lecturer in ancient Greek literature in 1898 and succeeded Giovanni Pascoli in the chair of Greek and Latin grammar at Messina in 1902, remaining there until 1907 when Pisa University gave him the chair in ancient Greek literature (again replacing Pascoli), which he held until 1948. He was president of Lucca's academy for sciences, letters and arts and a member of the Accademia dei Lincei.
He did not limit his studies to classical philology but also studied authors of the Renaissance, Byzantine and Risorgimento eras. He was one of the first members of Lucca's Green Cross (Croce Verde), serving for many years as its president - they set up a scholarship in his name after his death and also named one of their new ambulances after him in 1957. A keen supporter of the ideas of Mazzini, the Domus Mazziniana in Pisa was set up on his initiative and he became its first president.
A convinced republican, he was part of the Italian Republican Party until 1913, when he left it after disagreeing with its abstentionist policy. He became a candidate for the Italian Radical Party for the college of Borgo a Mozzano in the Italian general election of 1913, but was defeated by the cleric Tomba. He tried again in the 1915 election with the support of the left in Lucca and was elected after his rival's win was annulled for fraud. He became a supporter of interventionism in the years after World War One and broke with the socialists. Re-elected to parliament in 1919 and 1921, he entered the Social Democracy party after the radicals split.
He soon became a target for fascists in Lucca and was forced to withdraw from all public office. After the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, he and other anti-fascists from Lucca formed a secret committee which re-emerged during the Italian resistance era. The fascist regime arrested and imprisoned him from 5 January to 14 May 1944 and he became a point of reference for the democrats in Lucca, being appointed the first president of the city's clandestine National Liberation Committee. At the end of the Second World War, he took part in three legislatures, took part in the leadership of the Consulta Nazionale and also became the first freely-elected reader at Pisa University from 8 June 1945 to 31 October 1947. He then became a professor emeritus, though he still taught in the 1947–1948 academic year. He was retired for reaching the maximum age on 1 November 1950 and then made a professor emeritus by presidential decree on 29 January 1951. Returning to the Republican Party, in 1953 he was a candidate for the senate elections of 1953 but did not win his seat. He died in Lucca on 18 September 1957 from a brain hemorrhage.
# WWPE-FM

WWPE-FM (92.1 MHz; "Sasquatch 92.1") is a radio station licensed to Hermantown, Minnesota in the United States, and serves the Twin Ports. Established in 1996, the station is owned by Townsquare Media, through licensee Townsquare License, LLC. It airs a classic rock format branded as "Sasquatch 92.1" (Sasquatch or Bigfoot is a mythical ape-like creature said to inhabit the northern woods of the U.S. and Canada).
The studios and offices are located in Downtown Duluth at 207 W. Superior St., Suite 130, Duluth, MN 55802, and the transmitter is located off South Blackman Avenue, in the Duluth antenna farm.

## History

The station signed on in 1996 as WWAX, carrying a modern adult contemporary satellite feed. The call sign was similar to the WAKX call sign formerly used by WDUL and KTCO. A change to local programming was made in 1997. WWAX branded itself as "92.1 Kiss FM" until being warned by Clear Channel (now iHeartMedia) which holds the trademark for the "Kiss" moniker. The station changed its moniker to "92.1 The Beat" by 2004. It had fluctuated between the formats of modern AC, hot AC, top 40 (CHR) and adult CHR from 1997 to early 2007, and competed with KBMX "Mix 108".
92.1 The Beat tweaked its format to rhythmic leaning CHR in February 2007, and went adult contemporary as "92.1 Lite FM" on February 29, 2008.
In October 2008, announcements were already made on the station's webpage that "A 'Lite' Christmas was coming soon". By November 1 of that year, 92.1 Lite was playing all Christmas music around the clock. For 2009, the station started around the clock Christmas music during the middle of November instead of at the beginning.
On September 2, 2010, WWAX changed its format to hot adult contemporary, branded as "NU 92" (pronounced as "New 92"). This came just after 102.5 flipped from classic rock to top 40 (CHR) as KDWZ on August 30, with NU 92 and KDWZ both competing with KBMX on both sides of the pop music spectrum.
On March 2, 2015, WWAX changed its format to sports, branded as "92.1 The Fan". Much of its programming originated from the "Fan Radio Network", based at KFXN-FM in Minneapolis–St. Paul.
On April 19, 2017, Red Rock Radio announced that it would sell WWAX and KQDS to Twin Ports Radio for $200,000; through a time brokerage agreement, Twin Ports assumed control of the stations on May 1. Twin Ports' owner, Dan Hatfield, also ran Christian radio station WJRF; following the sale, WWAX and KQDS moved their studios to WJRF's facilities, but retained their sports formats. The sale was consummated on June 30, 2017.
On January 30, 2020, Townsquare Media announced that it would acquire WWAX; it assumed control of the station via local marketing agreement on February 1, at which point the classic rock format of WEBC began simulcasting on WWAX as "Sasquatch 92.1", with the sports talk format moving to WEBC as "Fan 106.5" on February 17. The $370,000 sale to Townsquare was completed on October 9; on October 20, the call sign was changed to WWPE-FM.
# Charlotte Mary Brame

Charlotte Mary Brame (usually known as Charlotte M. Brame, last name sometimes mistakenly given as Braeme; appeared under pseudonyms in America, notably Bertha M. Clay, and was sometimes identified by the name of her most famous novel, Dora Thorne) (1 November 1836 – 25 November 1884) was an English novelist.

## Biography

She was born in Hinckley, Leicestershire, to Benjamin and Charlotte Agnes Law, devout Roman Catholics. After attending convent schools in Bristol and Preston and a finishing school in Paris, she worked as a governess before marrying Phillip Edward Brame (1839–1886), a London-based jeweller, on 7 January 1863. The couple had nine children, of which four lived to adulthood. Since Brame was a poor businessman and a drunkard, Charlotte found herself forced to support the family with her writing. Her books were very successful with the public, but her earnings were severely diminished by piracy, particularly in the United States. The family lived in London, Manchester, and Brighton before returning to Hinckley, where she died in 1884. She owed money at her death, and her children were taken into guardianship; her husband committed suicide in May 1886.
Her biographer, Gregory Drozdz, writes:
   Her stories appeared in popular weekly publications such as Bow Bells, the London Reader, and the Family Herald. She was incredibly prolific, writing somewhere in the region of 130 novels during her lifetime. Charlotte Brame's fiction was invariably set in English country houses... Against this milieu, she reworked the theme of love in all of its multifarious aspects—old love, young love, jealousy, suspicion, misalliance, and improvident marriage. High morals such as honour, a sense of duty, and self-sacrifice are lauded as the greatest of virtues. The books also contain strong descriptive passages, some of which are drawn from her associations with Leicestershire... Her literary endeavours, in a male-dominated field, her works of charity, and her personal stamina and resilience, in the face of family tragedy and ill health, represent a triumph in adversity.

## Legacy

Following Brame's death, the pen-name "Bertha M Clay" was used by other writers, including her own daughter. Among these were William J. Benners, William Cook, John R. Coryell, Frederick Dacre, Frederick Dey, Charles Garvice, Thomas C. Harbaugh, and Thomas W. Hanshew.
# Michele O'Brien

Michele O'Brien (born 28 June 1980) is a soccer coach and former striker, who played for the W-League club Chicago Red Eleven. Since making her debut for the Republic of Ireland women's national football team in 2003, she gained over 50 caps.

## College career

O'Brien played varsity soccer during four seasons at Florida International University. She remains the program's all–time record goalscorer.

## Club career

In 2000 O'Brien started playing for the Long Island Lady Riders. She remained with them until 2007, with a spell at Arsenal in 2003. During her time at the English club, O'Brien played in the Women's Premier League and the semi–final of the UEFA Women's Cup.
In 2007 O'Brien joined the Damallsvenskan club QBIK. She then spent time back in England with Watford Ladies, before joining Jersey Sky Blue for the 2008 W-League season. The following season O'Brien moved to Chicago Red Eleven and scored four goals in 11 games in 2009. In 2010, she scored one goal in three games for the Red Eleven.

## International career

O'Brien debuted for the Republic of Ireland in 2003 and went on to accumulate more than 50 caps. In 2005 O'Brien was named the FAI Player of the Year.

## Coaching career

O'Brien coached soccer at New York University (2004–2005) and Columbia University (2005–2007). She was named assistant soccer coach at DePaul University in February 2009. She was promoted to head coach at DePaul in June 2021.

## Personal life

Born with a congenital heart defect, in 1995 O'Brien suffered a heart attack after a High School P.E. lesson and required open heart surgery. She refused to quit soccer, reportedly telling her concerned parent: "Mom, I might as well die doing something I like".
# Rusty Richards

Russell Earl "Rusty" Richards (born January 27, 1965) is a former American professional baseball pitcher. He played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball, 1989 and 1990, for the Atlanta Braves.
# David C. Pollock

David C. Pollock (June 9, 1939 – April 11, 2004) was an American sociologist, author, and speaker known for his expertise on Third Culture Kids (TCKs).
Pollock was the founder and executive director of Interaction International and co-author of Third Culture Kids: Growing Up Among Worlds. His definition of TCKs is widely referenced:
   [A] person who has spent a significant part of his or her developmental years outside the parents' culture. The TCK builds relationships to all of the cultures, while not having full ownership in any. Although elements from each culture are assimilated into the TCK's life experience, the sense of belonging is in relationship to others of the same background.
Pollock graduated with a B.S from Houghton College in 1963. He taught Bible at Moffat College of Bible while in Kenya from 1977 to 1980. In 1993 he was named Houghton College's Alumnus of the Year, and received an honorary degree of Doctor of Pedagogy (DPd) from Houghton in 2000. There he also served as an adjunct professor of sociology in Intercultural Studies beginning in 1986.
Throughout his life Pollock played a variety of roles as a speaker and consultant for the U.S. State Department and a number of embassies, a board member for organizations centered on TCKs, and the Director of Transitions for Global Associates. He also dedicated time toward missionary kids (MKs), through co-directing the Global Member Care Task Force, organizing International Conferences For Missionary Kids, and co-directing orientation for personnel in international Christian schools. In addition he served as a pastor while in New York, New Jersey prior to living in Kenya, and later for two years in Vermont.
# PS Matra

Persatuan Sepakbola Mamuju Utara (simply known as PS Matra) is an Indonesian football club based in Pasangkayu, West Sulawesi. They currently compete in the Liga 4.

## Honours

* Liga 3 West Sulawesi
** Champion (1): 2017
** Runner-up (1): 2016
# Dalton Town with Newton

Dalton Town with Newton is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness Unitary Authority, in the county of Cumbria, England. The parish includes the town of Dalton-in-Furness and the hamlet of Newton. In 2011 it had a population of 8,125. The parish touches Aldingham, Askam and Ireleth, Lindal and Marton and Urswick.

## Features

There are 70 listed buildings in Dalton Town with Newton.

## History

The parish was formed in 1987 from part of the unparished area of Dalton-in-Furness.
# Biggar, Cumbria

Biggar is a village towards the south of Walney Island in Cumbria, England. Along with the village of North Scale, it is the oldest settlement on the island. It now forms part of the Westmorland and Furness.
Furness Abbey records from 1292 mention a grange at Biggar, of around 100 acres (0.40 km$^2$) in size. Biggar Dyke was built in the Sixteenth century [when the village was part of Dalton Parish] as coastal defence for the village and island. The first mention of the name the 'Queen's Arms' was in 1869 to distinguish it from the recently opened 'New Inn' in the village although it was a beer house as early as 1753.
Biggar has remained outside of the main urban limits of Walney and Barrow-in-Furness, and is still a small farming village. It lies on the eastern coast of Walney, to the north of a nature reserve, containing one of England's few oyster farms.
Biggar is mentioned alongside North Scale in the folk song 'Wa'ney Island Cockfight' The song has been recorded by Fiddler's Dram and Martin Wyndham-Reed.
# Ormsgill

Ormsgill is an area and former ward of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. It is bordered by Hindpool, Parkside, Hawcoat, Roanhead and Walney Channel. The population of the ward in 2001 stood at 5,961 (2,883 male and 3,078 female),increasing to 6,033 at the 2011 Census. Almost three quarters of Ormsgill is greenspace, with the majority of residents living in the densely populated south-east corridor. The western part of the ward is predominantly industrial and includes a large Kimberly-Clark plant and numerous other industrial estates which provide a base for companies including Blyth, BT, Gyrodata, McBride and Oil States International.
The ward itself was combined with Parkside ward in April 2023 to form Ormsgill and Parkside following the formation of the new Westmorland and Furness Local Authority.
Ormsgill is one of the longest settled areas of what is now Barrow. It is home to the town's oldest continuously inhabited building; Ormsgill Farm House dated 1605. The building is Grade II* listed. Other sites of interest in the ward include High Cocken, former residence of George Romney, and Thorncliffe Cemetery and Crematorium, the largest graveyard in the borough.

## 2001 demographics

| Vital statistics | Ormsgill | Barrow-in-Furness | England |
| Religious individuals | 78.57% | 81.61% | 77.71% |
| Non-religious individuals | 12.41% | 10.79% | 14.59% |
| Religion withheld | 8.97% | 7.59% | 7.69% |
| Individuals in fairly good to good health | 85.69% | 86.75% | 90.97% |
| Individuals in bad health | 14.31% | 13.25% | 9.03% |
| People aged 16–74 who are economically active | 60.40% | 60.84% | 66.87% |
| People aged 16–74 who aren't economically active | 39.60% | 39.16% | 33.13% |
| People aged 16–74 with no qualifications | 37.19% | 32.82% | 28.85% |
# American Cutting Horse Association

The American Cutting Horse Association (ACHA) is a membership association that was formed to promote the sport of cutting horse competition. The ACHA is headquartered in Brenham, Texas. They have developed rules of conduct for ACHA sponsored cutting events, sponsor an annual world championship competition, and also keep show records and maintain the lifetime earnings for horse and rider. Four affiliates comprise the ACHA, including the South West Texas Cutting Horse Association in Belton, Texas, the South Texas Cutting Horse Association in Brenham, Texas, the American Western Sports Cutting Horse Association in Sulpher Springs, Texas, and the American Oklahoma Cutting Horse Association in Corn, Oklahoma.
# Plain White T's (album)

Plain White T's is the ninth studio album by American rock band Plain White T's. It was released on November 17, 2023, through Fearless Records.

## Background

The album was announced in September 2023.

## Release and promotion

The album was released on November 17, 2023, by Fearless Records. The band will promote the album on 19-city North American headlining tour from January 23–February 18, 2024.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Blabbermouth | 7.5/10 |
| Distorted Sound Magazine | 6/10 |
| Kerrang! | 3/5 |
James Hickie of Kerrang! magazine gave the album 3 out of 5 stars and said, "It's the sound of a band returning to the sound that made them famous, with all the overly earnest hallmarks in place, but little else to reflect what its creators have learned, musically and emotionally, in the intervening years since they broke big. It's something of a return to form then, a little on the regressive side too." Distorted Sound's Katie Bird has mixed reviews of the album saying, "Whilst there are songs that are staples of what they've always done, such as the sing-along chorus of Would You Even or the acoustic love song You Plus Me, the band also try new things." like with Fire Up. Then there were some "pitfalls" during the middle of album but the album's pacing picks back up starting with Happy. Lastly she writes, "Overall, this a flawed but enjoyable album," Anne Erickson of Blabbermouth.net wrote, "The strongest aspect of this new PLAIN WHITE T's album is the band's continued strength in songwriting and ability to relate to the listener. The lyrics of these songs really tell a story, often of love or, on the contrary, heartbreak, which is always a relatable theme. For those who appreciate a good story, this new album is a winner."

## Personnel

Vocals
* Tom Higgenson – lead vocals
* Plain White T's – primary artist
Production
# Durankulak (archaeological site)

Durankulak is a prehistoric archaeological site on the Big Island (Golemiya ostrov) in Durankulak lake, Bulgaria. Prehistoric settlement commenced on the small island approximately 7000 BP and lasted for thousands of years.
The first inhabitants were the Hamangia culture, dated from the middle of the 6th millennium to the middle of 5th millennium BC, and were the first manifestation of the Neolithic life in Dobrudja. Hamangia people were small-scale cultivators and plant collectors who built houses, made pottery, herded and hunted animals. Around 4700/4600 BC the stone architecture was already in general use and became a characteristic phenomenon in the settlement that was unique in Europe. Durankulak lake was a well-organized aggregation of buildings of substantial size with several rooms. They were coherently laid out according to a plan that was repeated over successive generations of house reconstructions. Buildings were rectilinear and large, narrow paths separated individual houses, which stood alone or abutted by other buildings. The structures were robust and made of large wooden posts sunk into foundation trenches and joined with wooden planks or branches covered with mud or clay. In all building horizons, except for in the earliest ones, buildings were internally divided into separate, mainly rectilinear, rooms. Stone structures and bases from the houses are well preserved and there is a cave and some cisterns to see. Durankulak is one of few monuments left from early farming societies in Europe and tell us about daily life. The excavation in Durankulak took part between 1974 and 1997 when 1204 prehistoric burials were carefully recorded and the remains of 25 houses were found.
* Golemija ostrov (Big Island) and the Archeological site
* Durankulak, stone foundations
* Burial at the Durankulak necropolis
# John McGowan (playwright)

John McGowan, also known by his nickname Jack McGowan, (January 12, 1894, Muskego, Wisconsin – May 28, 1977, New York City) was an American playwright, librettist, screenwriter, director and producer. His 1927 Broadway play Excess Baggage was adapted into the 1928 film of the same name. He died in New York City on May 28, 1977.

## Selected credits

Source:
* Say When, Producer and Book
* Pardon My English, Book Director
* Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1932, Book
* Heigh-ho, Everybody, Writer
* Singin' the Blues, Writer
* Girl Crazy, Book
* Flying High, Book
* Nigger Rich (The Big Shot), Writer and Director
* Murray Anderson's Almanac, Book
* The Lady Lies, Producer
* Hold Everything!, Book
* Excess Baggage, Writer
* Tenth Avenue, Writer