OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Primary elections in Argentina

Primary elections in Argentina are called PASO (which stands for Primarias Abiertas Simultáneas y Obligatorias, "Simultaneous and mandatory open primaries"). They were established in 2009 by the law 26,571.
In this system, all parties run primary elections in each general election. All parties must take part, including both the parties with internal factions and parties with a single candidate list. Citizens may vote for any candidate of any party, but may only cast a single vote.
Parties must also get 1.5% or higher of the vote to be allowed to run in the main election. Furthermore, each party should have at least a membership of 0,4% of the electoral roll of its respective district to continue operating. In 2011, 149 minor parties were either closed, or were not allowed to run in specific provinces where they did not meet the requirements. This was rejected by the small opposition parties, which charged that these reforms could stymy minor parties and the formation of new ones.
Private funding for political campaigns is not allowed. All parties are granted free airtime during the political campaign to advertisements of a fixed time duration.
Primary elections also serve as polls for the actual presidential elections, revealing the portion of votes that the candidates are expected to receive in them.

## Criticism

The PASO elections received several criticisms. Although they are mandatory for all parties, no parties used them for competitive primary elections since they were implemented. All primaries were either between a leading candidate and a small candidate with no real chances to win, or in most cases a single candidate with no rivals within the party. As a result, the candidates of the PASO elections were always the same than in the main elections.
As a consequence of the lack of use by the parties, the PASO were perceived as just a complex opinion poll for the real elections. Popular interest in PASO elections decreased, and as of 2023 attendance diminished almost 10% since implementation.
The lack of use and popular disinterest also raised concerns over the financial cost of holding such elections, as Argentina was in the middle of an economic crisis.

## Repeal

President Javier Milei, elected in 2023, proposed a bill to repeal the system. Negotiations with the Radical Civic Union and Republican Proposal changed it to a new bill that only skips the system for the 2025 Argentine legislative election. The bill was approved on February 21, 2025, with support from sectors of all parties.
The system is still used in several provinces to hold the elections for local politicians.
# George Szamuely

George Szamuely (born 1954) is a senior research fellow at the Global Policy Institute. He is the co-founder and co-host, with Peter Lavelle, of the political commentary show, TheGaggle, on Locals. He was a frequent columnist for the Taki's Top Drawer pages of the New York Press. Szamuely has also written for Antiwar.com, Counterpunch, Commentary, The Observer and the Centre for Research on Globalization. He is a frequent contributor to the RT show CrossTalk.

## Biography

He was born in Hungary to Tibor Szamuely (1925–1972), of a Hungarian Jewish merchant family, and Nina (née Orlova; 1923-1974), of Russian parentage. His great-uncle was the Communist revolutionary Tibor Szamuely (1890–1919). His sister Helen Szamuely, was a prominent figure in the founding of the UK Independence Party. He was educated in England at University College London and at the London School of Economics. He received a PhD from London Metropolitan University.
He worked for some years as an editor at the Times Literary Supplement and at The National Law Journal. He was also a weekly columnist at the New York Press.

## Political views

Szamuely has been an ardent critic of the United States foreign policy, arguing that the reality is the diametric opposite of the lofty rhetoric. The professed humanitarian aspirations invariably lead to extremely non-humanitarian outcomes. His opposition to the state of Israel has allied him with paleoconservatism and libertarianism.
He has been highly critical of the workings of the United Nations tribunals, in particular the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. He argues that the tribunal and human rights groups such as Human Rights Watch foster conflict rather than reconciliation and serve the interests of Western powers and those of their allies by targeting their opponents, while ignoring or minimizing their, often far more serious, crimes. He has expressed doubts as to whether the International Criminal Court would ever be willing or able to administer impartial justice. He has argued that Serbia's actions in Yugoslavia have been unfairly misinterpreted.
Szamuely's history of NATO's intervention in the Balkans, Bombs for Peace: NATO's Humanitarian War on Yugoslavia, is published by Amsterdam University Press.
# Xi'an Medical University

Xi'an Medical University (Chinese: 西安医学院) is a medical university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. The university was founded in 1951.
# On the Jump

On the Jump is a 1918 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd. A print of the film survives in the film archive of the Museum of Modern Art. Like many American films of the time, On the Jump was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors cut the scene of the man thumbing his nose.

## Cast

* Harold Lloyd
* Snub Pollard
* Bebe Daniels
* William Blaisdell
* Sammy Brooks
* Lige Conley (credited as Lige Cromley)
* Billy Fay
* Helen Gilmore
* Lew Harvey
* June Havoc (credited as June Hovick)
* Gus Leonard
* James Parrott
* Charles Stevenson (credited as Charles E. Stevenson)
# Weymouth Quay railway station

Weymouth Quay is a disused railway station in Weymouth, Dorset, England at the terminus of the Weymouth Harbour Tramway. Until September 1987 it was the regular terminus and starting point for boat trains to and from London Waterloo, linking to the ferry services with street running along the streets of the town.
After the regular boat trains were ended, the station was still occasionally used for special services, the last being a Pathfinder Tours charter on 2 May 1999. The track and station were no longer used at all after that, although they were still part of the rail network. The station buildings are now offices for Condor Ferries which operated a ferry service to the Channel Islands. However, with the purchase of its new ferry in 2015, Condor ceased to serve the port of Weymouth.
The line was designated "Out of Use (temporary)" for a period of two years by Network Rail on 15 January 2007, and again on 1 April 2009. Closure of the branch was proposed by Weymouth and Portland Borough Council, which was proposing to acquire the trackbed. In July 2014, it was reported that the sale of the line did not proceed and a campaign started to reopen the tram route claiming it would help with tourism and reduce car usage in the town. The Office of Rail and Road agreed to the permanent closure in 2017. In 2020 the local authority gained funding to pull up the line and the track was removed in 2020/21.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Weymouth (Reversal needed) | Weymouth Harbour Tramway Weymouth-Weymouth Quay | Terminus |
# Matematika zločinu

Matematika zločinu (English: Mathematics of Crime) is a 2023 three-part film miniseries directed by Peter Bebjak and produced by D.N.A Production for Voyo. It was written by Tomáš Bombík. The series was filmed under the Voyo Original brand.

## Plot

The series is inspired by a real event and by a podcast of the same name. by investigative reporter Magdalena Sodomková and documentarian Brit Jensen.
Journalist Sodomková is contacted by prisoner Tomáš Toman from Indonesian prison. He was arrested as a fugitive from justice as he was convicted of killing one man. However, he claims that he did not commit the crime for which he has served 12.5 years. According to him, he was sent to prison by a questionable opinion of a forensic expert Kraus who is nicknamed the Mathematician of Crime. Journalist Sodomková gradually gets into Toman's case and discovers that many things are not right. The question remains whether she can believe Toman's version of events, especially given that he has been punished for similar activity in the past.

## Cast

* Lucie Štěpánková as Magdalena Sodomková
* Jan Nedbal as Tomáš Toman
* Zuzana Bydžovská as Toman's mother
* Kristýna Boková as Toman's sister
* Miloslav Pecháček as Čára
* Jiří Bartoška as Kraus
* Tomáš Maštalír as defense attorney Mareš
* Barbora Bočková as Brit Jensen
* Kryštof Bartoš as defense attorney Strouhal

## Episodes

| No. in series | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Czech viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Vězení" | Peter Bebjak | Tomáš Bombík | July 28, 2023 (2023-07-28) | N/A |
| 2 | "Soudy" | Peter Bebjak | Tomáš Bombík | August 4, 2023 (2023-08-04) | N/A |
| 3 | "Ústavní soud a osvobození" | Peter Bebjak | Tomáš Bombík | August 11, 2023 (2023-08-11) | N/A |

## Reception

Matematika zločinu won Czech Lion Award for Best Television Film or Miniseries becoming the first project by TV Nova to win Czech Lion.
# Chrząstawa Mała

Chrząstawa Mała is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czernica, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Czernica and 17 km (11 mi) east of the centrum regional capital Wrocław.
# KHDY-FM

KHDY-FM (98.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Clarksville, Texas. KHDY-FM is owned by American Media Investments and airs a classic rock music format.
On February 4, 2019, KHDY-FM rebranded as "98.5 & 103.9 The Pig", simulcasting KPGG 103.9 FM Ashdown, Arkansas.
On January 4, 2021, KHDY split from its simulcast of sister station KPGG and began airing its own separate programming again, flipping from classic country to classic rock as "Classic Rock 98-5".
# Crestwood, Portland, Oregon

Crestwood is a neighborhood in the Southwest section of Portland, Oregon located between SW 45th Ave. and Barbur Blvd., adjacent to Multnomah and Ashcreek. Woods Memorial Natural Area is located here, a swath of urban wilderness visited on occasion by elk.
# Benny Emmanuel

Benny Emmanuel Mendoza Yirene (born 17 December 1996), known simply as Benny Emmanuel, is a Mexican actor. He gained recognitionfor playing "Beto", in the series La CQ (2012–14). He joined the sitcom Como dice el dicho in 2015, playing Pato. In 2019 and 2021, he starred in the films Chicuarotes and Cosas Imposibles, which earned him nominations for Best Actor at the prestigious Ariel Awards. Since 2014, Emmanuel has voiced Leo San Juan in the animated film franchise Leyendas.

## Life and career
### 1996 – 2006: Early life

Benny Emmanuel Mendoza Yirene was born on 17 December 1996 in the municipality of Amatitlán in Cosamaloapan, Veracruz. He and his family moved to Mexico City when he was one year old. At the age of seven, he began to study acting at the Centro de Educación Artística (CEA) (Center for Artistic Education), owned by multimedia giant Televisa. He met future friend and castmate Harold Azuara at the CEA.

### 2007– 2014: Early roles and La CQ

Emmanuel first appeared on television in 2007 as a guest on the popular Mexican sitcom La familia P. Luche, playing "Ladrón Flaco", and in the series Vecinos as "Toñito". He appeared in several films throughout 2009 and 2011, including Amar no es querer. From 2009 to 2015, he portrayed several characters in the Mexican program La rosa de Guadalupe.
Emmanuel gained mainstream recognition in Latin America after starring in the youth-oriented sitcom, La CQ. He portrayed "Roberto 'Beto' Bautista", the most intelligent student in the school, and one of the main characters. The show ran from August 2012 to March 2014, lasting 4 seasons. The cast members also recorded a full-length album under the same name, with Emmanuel receiving a solo song titled "Mil Formulas". Following its final season, production started on a theater musical version of the show, with dates spanning throughout the region that same year.
Emmanuel was cast in the leading role of Leo San Juan in the horror-comedy, animated film franchice Leyendas. His first portrayal of the character was in the film La leyenda de las Momias, being the third actor to voice the character.
# Beat Hotel

The Beat Hotel was a small, run-down hotel of 42 rooms at 9 Rue Gît-le-Cœur in the Latin Quarter of Paris, notable chiefly as a residence for members of the Beat poetry movement of the mid-20th century.

## Overview

It was a "class 13" hotel, meaning bottom line, a place that was required by law to meet only minimum health and safety standards. It never had any proper name – "the Beat Hotel" was a nickname given it by Gregory Corso, which stuck. The rooms had windows facing the interior stairwell and not much light. Hot water was available Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. The hotel offered the opportunity for a bath – in the only bathtub, situated on the ground floor – provided the guest reserved time beforehand and paid the surcharge for hot water. Curtains and bedspreads were changed and washed every spring. The linen was (in principle) changed every month.
The Beat Hotel was managed by a married couple, Monsieur and Madame Rachou, from 1933. After the death of Monsieur Rachou in a traffic accident in 1957, Madame was the sole manager until the early months of 1963, when the hotel was closed. Besides letting rooms, the establishment had a small bistro on the ground floor. Due to early experiences with working at an inn frequented by Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, Madame Rachou would encourage artists and writers to stay at the hotel and even at times permit them to pay the rent with paintings or manuscripts. One unusual thing that appealed to a clientele of bohemian artists was the permission to paint and decorate the rooms rented in whichever way they wanted.

## Fame with the Beat Generation

The hotel gained fame through the extended "family" of beat writers and artists who stayed there from the late 1950s to the early 1960s in a ferment of creativity.
Gregory Corso was introduced to the hotel by painter and resident Guy Harloff in 1957. In September of that year, Corso would be joined by Allen Ginsberg and Peter Orlovsky. William S. Burroughs, Derek Raymond, and Harold Norse, as well as Sinclair Beiles would follow. It was here that Burroughs completed the text of Naked Lunch and began his lifelong collaboration with Brion Gysin. It was also where Ian Sommerville became Burroughs' "systems advisor" and lover. Gysin introduced Burroughs to the cut-up technique and with Sommerville they experimented with a "dream machine" and audio tape cut-ups. Here Norse wrote a novel Beat Hotel using cut-up techniques. Ginsberg wrote a part of his moving and mature poem Kaddish at the hotel, and Corso wrote the mushroom cloud-shaped poem Bomb.
There is now a small hotel, the four-star Relais du Vieux Paris, at that address. It displays photographs of several Beat personalities and describes itself as "The Beat Hotel".
In July 2009, as part of a major William Burroughs symposium NakedLunch@50, a special tribute was held outside 9 Rue Gît-le-Coeur, with Jean-Jacques Lebel unveiling a plaque commemorative, now permanently hammered to the outside wall next to the main entrance, honoring the Beat Hotel's seven most famous occupants: B. Gysin, H. Norse, G. Corso, A. Ginsberg, P. Orlovsky, I. Sommerville, W. Burroughs.
# Mzumbe University

Mzumbe University (MU; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu Mzumbe) is a public university in Mzumbe, Tanzania, near Morogoro. It was established in 2001.

## Academic units

Below are the academic units and their acronyms in brackets respectively;
* School of Business (SoB)
* School of Administration and Management (SOPAM)
* Faculty of Law (FoL)
* Faculty of Social Sciences (FSS)
* Faculty of Science and Technology (FST)
* Institute of Development Studies (IDS)
* Directorate of Research, Publications and Postgraduate Studies (DRPS)

## Notable Alumni

* Theddy Ladislaus, Samia Suluhu Hassan, Politician and the 6th President of Tanzania., politician
# Paul Bennett (Royal Navy officer)

Vice Admiral Paul Martin Bennett, CB, OBE is a former senior Royal Navy officer.

## Early life and education

Bennett was educated at Hymers College and Newcastle University.

## Naval career

Bennett joined the Royal Navy in 1985. He trained as a navigator before being given command the minehunter HMS Atherstone in 1998, the destroyer HMS Exeter in 1999 and the destroyer HMS Daring in 2008. He became Commander Amphibious Task Group in May 2009, Commodore Naval Personnel Strategy in January 2011 and Director of the Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre in February 2013.
After that he became Chief of Staff at Joint Forces Command in September 2013 and Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Capability) and Controller of the Navy in May 2016. He was made Commander United Kingdom Maritime Forces in November 2017, which was followed by appointment as Chief of Staff of NATO Allied Command Transformation in July 2018. He was succeeded by Vice Admiral Guy Robinson in September 2021, and subsequently retired in February 2022.
Bennett was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2007 Birthday Honours, and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 2016 Birthday Honours.

## Later life

In October 2024, Bennett became national president of the Royal British Legion.
# KLZT

KLZT (107.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Bastrop, Texas, United States, the station serves the Austin area. The station is owned by Sinclair Telecable Inc. (not related to television broadcaster Sinclair Broadcast Group, who owns CBS station KEYE-TV) and operated under the name Waterloo Media. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. It bills itself as La Z 107.1 (Spanish for "The Z 107.1"). The station has studios along Interstate 35 in North Austin, and the transmitter site is located southeast of Austin Bergstrom International Airport.

## History

The station went on the air as KLIO-FM on July 7, 1986. On September 9, 1986, the station changed its call sign to KSSR; on April 9, 1989, to KGSR; and on December 9, 2009, to the current KLZT.
As KGSR, a series of lineup changes occurred in 2008–09. KROX program director Lynn Barstow added the program director title during this period that saw the exit of long-time employees Susan Castle, "Big" Jyl Herschman, and Bobby Ray (Eakin). Journalist Andy Langer joined Bryan Beck to form an abbreviated morning show called The Late Show, which aired from 8-10 a.m. Beck held down the 6-8 a.m. slot. Long-time program director (and at that time, content coordinator) Jody Denberg was on-air from 1-6 p.m., and long-time KLBJ-FM music director and air personality Loris Lowe holds the 6 p.m.-midnight shift (as well as being the voice of the station's imaging and between song sweepers).
On November 17, 2009, KDHT began stunting, leading to speculation that it would flip to Talk, but on November 20, 2009, Emmis revealed that KGSR would move over to the 93.3 frequency to start a 10-day simulcast until December 1, when KGSR's former 107.1 FM signal takes a Regional Mexican format as KLZT.

## KLZT-HD2

On May 27, 2021, KLZT-HD2, which is fed on translator K274AX, changed its format from Spanish contemporary hit radio as "Latino 102.7" to rhythmic hot adult contemporary as "102.7 The Vibe".
On January 18, 2022, K274AX changed its format from rhythmic adult contemporary as "The Vibe 102.7" to Spanish CHR as "Mega 102.7".
On July 25, 2022, K274AX changed its format from Spanish CHR to sports, branded as "ESPN 102.7". KLZT-HD2 has since been silent as the translator parent station has moved back to KBPA-HD2
On August 30, 2024, KLZT-HD2 returned to the air with a Spanish CHR format, branded as "Latino 97.1" (simulcast on K246BD 97.1 FM Austin). On October 28, 2024, KLZT-HD2 switched to bilingual adult contemporary, while maintaining the same brand.
On February 21, 2025, KLZT-HD2 changed their format from bilingual AC back to Spanish CHR, still under the "Latino 97.1" branding.
# Sadao Hasegawa

Sadao Hasegawa (長谷川 サダオ, Hasegawa Sadao, 1945 – November 20, 1999) was a Japanese graphic artist known for creating homoerotic fetish art. His works are noted for their extensive detail, elaborate fantasy settings, and for their juxtaposition of elements from Japanese, Balinese, Thai, Tibetan Buddhist, African, and Indian art. While Hasegawa focused primarily on depictions of muscular male physique, he often incorporated extreme sexual themes in his works, including bondage and sadomasochism. His art is noted for strong mystical and spiritual overtones.

## Biography

Hasegawa was born in 1945 in the Tōkai region of Japan. In his twenties, he traveled to India and began to take up drawing. His first solo exhibition, "Sadao Hasegawa's Alchemism: Meditation for 1973" was held in 1973 in Tokyo, Japan, and featured oil paintings, collages, and sculptures. In 1978, Hasegawa's art was published for the first time in Barazoku, a monthly magazine for gay men; he would later go on to be published in Sabu [ja], Samson, and Adon [ja].
Hasegawa cited Go Mishima and Tom of Finland among his influences, calling the former "a master illustrator of the male physique" in an obituary written in 1989 for Barazoku. His early works, directly inspired by Tom of Finland, reflected European art styles. Beginning in the late 1980s, Hasegawa began making regular trips to Bali and Thailand, resulting in a greater focus on Asian iconography and mythology in his art.
On November 20, 1999, Hasegawa committed suicide by hanging at a hotel room in Bangkok, Thailand. His artwork was initially disposed of by his family, though it was recovered upon their discovery of a note – alongside a portrait of Yukio Mishima painted on a stone – granting ownership of his works to Gallery Naruyama in Tokyo. Six unseen paintings were discovered among Hasegawa's estate, which were shown in "Linga", a posthumous exhibition at Gallery Naruyama in 2000. Today, Gallery Naruyama holds the majority of Hasegawa's collected works.

## Legacy

Hasegawa is regarded as one of the most influential creators of homoerotic art in Japan. Bungaku Itō, the founding editor of Barazoku, described Hasegawa's art as "transcend[ing] the level of pornography, emulating likenesses found in Buddhist art." Despite this, Hasegawa's artwork has received limited exposure in Japan, with only a single monograph – Paradise Visions, published in 1996 by Kochi Studio – having been published domestically.
Hasegawa refused numerous requests to exhibit and distribute his work internationally, though Sadao Hasegawa: Paintings and Drawings, a collection the artist's magazine work, was published by the British publishing house Gay Men's Press in 1990.
In 2022 UK publisher Baron Books released a first posthumous monograph of Hasegawa's rarely-published archive.
# Michel G. Malti

Michel George Malti (November 7, 1895 – May 1978) was an American electrical engineer, known for his work in circuit analysis. He was born in Deir el Qamar, in modern-day Lebanon and died in Miami, Florida. He graduated from the Syrian Protestant college (1915) and from Georgia Tech (1922), before joining Cornell University as an instructor and student, earning a M.Sc. (1924) and Ph.D. (1927), all degrees in electrical engineering.
He continued to serve as research assistant and faculty member in civil engineering and as a professor in electrical engineering until his retirement (1962), spending sabbaticals at the University of Puerto Rico (1947) and the University of Roorkee in India (1955–57). In 1939 Malti and Fritz Herzog solved an important electric power problem on balancing dynamos, which had remained unsolved since the days of Michael Faraday a century before. He later supervised research on 3D-modeling of Eddy currents. Malti was an IEEE Fellow.

## Works

* Circuit analysis (Wiley, 1930). Translated into Russian.