OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phtheochroa noema

Phtheochroa noema is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It lives in Jalisco, Mexico.
# 1932 Australian Grand Prix

The 1932 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 14 March 1932. It was the fifth Australian Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Phillip Island.
The race was organized by the Light Car Club of Australia, formerly known as the Victorian Light Car Club, and was limited to cars having an engine with a piston displacement of 2000cc or less. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to be decided on a straight handicap basis, with the winner being the first car to complete the 31 laps. The two "scratch" competitors had to concede starts ranging up to 29 minutes, equating to an advantage of four laps. The previous practice of cars contesting four classes was discontinued. Weather conditions were reported to be "ideal".
The race, in which there were 18 starters, was won by Bill Thompson driving a Bugatti. Thompson was also awarded the Herald Trophy for recording the fastest time of the race.

## Classification

| Pos | No. | Driver | Entrant | Car | Handicap | Laps | Handicap time | Actual time |
| 1 | 1 | Bill Thompson | Woolworth Tyre Co | Bugatti Type 37A s/c | Scratch | 31 | 3h 15m 11s | 2h 40m 11s |
| 2 | 12 | Geoff Disher | G Disher | Salmson | 16 min | 31 | 3h 19m 11s | 3h 00m 07s |
| 3 | 5 | Cyril Dickason | Austin Distributors P/L | Austin 7 Ulster | 8 min | 31 | 3h 24m 28s | 2h 57m 28s |
| 4 | 9 | Mert Wreford | M Wreford | Bugatti Brescia | 15 min | 31 | 3h 28m 51s | 3h 08m 51s |
| 5 | 3 | Carl Junker | C Junker | Bugatti Type 39 | 4 min | 31 | 3h 34m 27s | 3h 03m 27s |
| 6 | 22 | Bill Northam | J Wall | Austin 7 s/c | 29 min | 31 | 3h 36m 24s | 3h 30m 24s |
| 7 | 20 | Les Jennings | L Jennings | Morris Cowley | 26 min | 31 | 3h 39m 31s | 3h 30m 31s |
| 8 | 18 | Clarrie May | Austin Distributors P/L | Austin 7 s/c | 26 min | 31 | 3h 40m 36s | 3h 31m 36s |
| 9 | 14 | Bill Williamson | W Johnson | Riley | 18 min | 31 | 3h 58m 07s | 3h 41m 07s |
| 10 | 4 | Barney Dentry | G Dentry | Riley Brooklands | 6 min | 31 | 4h 11m 55s | 3h 41m 55s |
| Ret | 16 | Graham Tucker | Rhodes Motor Co. P/L | Triumph s/c | 20 min | 16 | | |
| Ret | 7 | Harold Drake Richmond | H Drake Richmond | Bugatti Type 37 | 10 min | ? | | |
| Ret | 2 | Arthur Terdich | AJ Terdich | Bugatti Type 37A s/c | Scratch | 8 | | |
| Ret | 15 | Alan Chamberlain | A Chamberlain | Chamberlain Special | 19 min | 4 | | |
| Ret | 11 | Ken Hopkins | K Hopkins | Bugatti Brescia | 15 min | 3+ | | |
| Ret | 6 | Bill Lowe | WH Lowe | Lombard AL3 | 10 min | 3+ | | |
| Ret | 19 | Ken McKinney | K McKinney | Austin 7 | 26 min | 2 | | |
| Ret | 8 | Albert Edwards | A Edwards | Alvis FWD s/c | 10 min | 1 | | |
| DNS (#) | 21 | Jack Sidebottom | J Sidebottom | Singer | 28 min | – | | |
| DNS (##) | 17 | Compton Jones | HC Jones | Austin 12 | 23 min | – | | |
(#) Sidebottom's Singer was excluded at scrutineering.
(##) The Austin 12 of Compton Jones was withdrawn after its engine suffered a piston failure during practice.
# Demecolcine

Demecolcine (INN; also known as colcemid) is a drug used in chemotherapy. It is closely related to the natural alkaloid colchicine with the replacement of the acetyl group on the amino moiety with methyl, but it is less toxic. It depolymerises microtubules and limits microtubule formation (inactivates spindle fibre formation), thus arresting cells in metaphase and allowing cell harvest and karyotyping to be performed.
During cell division, demecolcine inhibits mitosis at metaphase by inhibiting spindle formation. Medically, demecolcine has been used to improve the results of cancer radiotherapy by synchronising tumour cells at metaphase, the radiosensitive stage of the cell cycle.
In animal cloning procedures, demecolcine makes an ovum eject its nucleus, creating space for insertion of a new nucleus.

## Mechanism of action

Demecolcine is a microtubule-depolymerizing drug like vinblastine. It acts by two distinct mechanisms. At very low concentration it binds to microtubule plus end to suppress microtubule dynamics. Recent study has found at higher concentration demecolcine can promote microtubule detachment from microtubule organizing center. Detached microtubules with unprotected minus end depolymerize with time. Cytotoxicity of the cells seems to correlate better with microtubule detachment. Lower concentration affects microtubule dynamics and cell migration.

## Research use

Demecolcine is used for scientific research in cells. It is used in a variety of ways, however, until recently, was used mostly for the study of mitosis in cells. For example, microtubules are necessary for the splitting of cells. More importantly, the movement of chromosomes during the M phase. Demecolcine inhibition of microtubules causes aneuploidy in mitotic cells where the microtubules fall apart or are suppressed before they can complete their function of pulling chromosomes into the daughter cell, also known as nondisjunction of chromosomes. Demecolcine, depending on dose, has also been found to cause DNA fragmentation of chromosomes in micronuclei when nondisjunction occurs.
# List of Hong Kong films of the 1960s

Below are lists of films produced in Hong Kong in the 1960s.
* List of Hong Kong films of 1960
* List of Hong Kong films of 1961
* List of Hong Kong films of 1962
* List of Hong Kong films of 1963
* List of Hong Kong films of 1964
* List of Hong Kong films of 1965
* List of Hong Kong films of 1966
* List of Hong Kong films of 1967
* List of Hong Kong films of 1968
* List of Hong Kong films of 1969
# Rajeshwara Patel

Rajeshwara Patel (born 5 July 1911, date of death unknown) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Hajipur in Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Fonscochlea aquatica

Fonscochlea aquatica is a species of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Australia.
# Leszek Bednarczuk

Leszek Bednarczuk (May 30, 1936 in Vilnius) is a Polish linguist, Indo-Europeanist, professor of the Pedagogical University of Cracow since 1987, and member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Bednarczuk is an author of a 2010 book Językowy obraz Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (English: Languages of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kalbos).
# Ajit Gopchade

Dr. Ajit Madhavrao Gopchade is an Indian politician and activist from Maharashra, who is serving as Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra state since 2024. He is representing Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early career

In 1992, Gopchade has finished his study on MBBS and joined with a group of over 300 Hindutva youth activists to Ayodhya for "karseva," or serving Lord Ram. He admitted that he was in the widely shared 6 December 1992, picture of a group of young people gleefully standing atop one of the Babri Masjit's three domes.

## Political career

After completing his M.D. at a government medical college, he joined the BJP and functioned as the convener of the party's doctors' cell. He was then elevated to the position of party vice-president in the state.
Because of his capacity to organize and his proactive involvement in setting up medical camps during COVID-19, the BJP has suggested that he run for the Maharashtra Legislative Council elections in May 2020. But at the last moment, his name was omitted.

## Rajya Sabha member (2024–present)

In 2024, he was nominated to Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra by BJP along with his colleagues Medha Kulkarni and Ashok Chavan.
# Lafayette Street Overpass

The Lafayette Street Overpass is a historic bridge in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is a three-span reinforced concrete girder structure, carrying Lafayette Street over the tracks of the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway. The bridge is about 120 feet (37 m) long and 30 feet (9.1 m) wide, and consists of reinforced concrete spans resting on concrete abutments. It features an Art Deco railing, with a metal balustrade covering concrete piers with inset light fixtures. The bridge was built in 1938 by Edward B. Mooney, Inc.
The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
# Avenue of the Arts (Philadelphia)

Avenue of the Arts is a city-designated arts cultural district on a segment of Broad Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States that includes many of the city's cultural institutions, most notably the theater district south of City Hall. The designation can be found as far south as Washington Avenue and as far north as the Cecil B. Moore neighborhood.

## History

The name Avenue of the Arts originated in a strategy by mayor Ed Rendell to redevelop South Broad Street in Center City. Avenue of the Arts originally ran along Broad Street from Locust Street south to Lombard Street. The Avenue's definition was expanded to North Broad Street by city planners under mayor John F. Street's administration to encourage further development in the area. The Avenue of the Arts is overseen by the non-profit organization Avenue of the Arts, Inc. led by Karen Lewis, the organization's executive director.

## Features

Avenue of the Arts is the locale for many of the city's large theatres, including Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts (home of the Philadelphia Orchestra), the Academy of Music, Miller Theater, Wilma Theater, Liacouras Center, and Suzanne Roberts Theatre. Buildings for the University of the Arts are located just south and east of the Kimmel Center; the Miller Theatre is often used for high-end productions involving the school.
The Wanamaker Organ, the world's largest playing pipe organ famed for its daily recitals, is located in the Grand Court of Macy's, just where Broad Street traffic circles Penn Square.
Philadelphia International Records' offices and gift shop is also located along this strip. Just south of the strip is the Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts, and on Broad Street in this vicinity, just north of City Hall, is the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, which, founded in 1805, is America's oldest art school and museum and boasts a distinguished collection of American art.
Several parking garages and public transportation services provided by SEPTA and DRPA at the Walnut–Locust, 12-13th Street, and 15-16th Street stations, served by the Broad Street Line and the Lindenwold Line. The availability of public transportation makes Avenue of the Arts highly accessible to visitors.
# Lists of Marathi people

The Marathi people of Maharashtra in India have contributed to a diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures and Sports.
* List of Maratha dynasties and states
* List of Marathi people in sports
* List of Marathi social reformers
* List of Marathi people in literature and journalism
* List of Marathi people in science, engineering and technology
* List of Marathi people in the performing arts
* List of Marathi Buddhists
# Lisburn (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

54°30′40″N 6°02′35″W﻿ / ﻿54.511°N 6.043°W﻿ / 54.511; -6.043
Lisburn was a borough constituency which elected two MPs for the borough of Lisburn, County Antrim, to the Irish House of Commons, the house of representatives of the Kingdom of Ireland.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | First member | First party | | Second member | Second party |
| 1661 | Sir Edward Dering | | | Sir Edward Smith | |
| 1665 | Sir Edward Dering | | | Robert Johnston | |
| 1692 | Randal Brice | | | Edward Harrison | |
| 1697 | Popham Seymour-Conway | | | Edward Harrison | |
| 1703 | Michael Harrison | | | Richard Nutley | |
| 1709 | Brent Spencer | | | Richard Nutley | |
| 1711 | Brent Spencer | | | Robert Cope | Tory |
| 1713 | Brent Spencer | | | Francis Harrison | |
| 1715 | Brent Spencer | | | Edmond Francis Stafford | |
| 1725 | Brent Spencer | | | Thomas Clutterbuck | |
| 1736 | Nicholas Price | | | Thomas Clutterbuck | |
| 1743 | Robert Maxwell | | | Thomas Clutterbuck | |
| 1743 | Robert Maxwell | | | Edward Smyth | |
| 1759 | Francis Price | | | Edward Smyth | |
| 1761 | Francis Price | | | Francis Seymour-Conway, Viscount Beauchamp | |
| 1768 | Francis Price | | | Marcus Paterson | |
| 1771 | Francis Price | | | Hon. Robert Seymour-Conway | |
| 1776 | FitzHerbert Richards | | | Richard Jackson | |
| 1777 | FitzHerbert Richards | | | Richard Heron | |
| 1783 | William Sharman | | | William Todd Jones | |
| 1790 | George Hatton | | | John Moore | |
| 1798 | George Hatton | | | Stewart Bruce | |
| 1801 | Replaced by Westminster constituency Lisburn | Replaced by Westminster constituency Lisburn | Replaced by Westminster constituency Lisburn | Replaced by Westminster constituency Lisburn | Replaced by Westminster constituency Lisburn |

### Notes

* ↑ The Hon. Robert Maxwell from 1756.
* ↑ Also returned for Coleraine, for which he chose to sit.
* ↑ From 1778 Sir Richard Heron, Bt.
# Embrafilme

Embrafilme (in full: Empresa Brasileira de Filmes S.A.) was a Brazilian state-owned company created on September 12, 1969 for production, funding and distribution of Brazilian movies. The company was dissolved on March 16, 1990 by the National Privatization Program, launched by the government of President Fernando Collor.
Currently, the regulatory and financing functions of the Brazilian audiovisual sector are maintained by Ancine, a federal agency created in 2001. The distribution area is now the responsibility of the private sector.
# Franciszek Indan Pykna

Franciszek Indan Pykna (12 July 1913 – 29 January 1992) was a Polish mathematician, philosopher, and linguist.

## Early life

Pykna was born in Riga, Russian Empire, to Polish parents Kazimierz Indan Pykno and Benigna Norwillo. He spent his early childhood travelling with his parents through Russia; they returned to Poland (Kunow and Odrowaz). They finally settled in Kovel, where he went to Juliusz Slowacki High School. After graduating he moved to Vilnius in order to study at Vilnius University.

## Academic work

Pykna achieved a master's degree in 1937 with his thesis "The concept of ethical philosophy of Descartes". He became an assistant in the Philosophy department of Stefan Batory University while working on his PhD in the subject of ethics He was nominated as senior assistant to the department of Philosophy starting on 1 September 1939, which was the day World War II started; the university was evacuated to Poland. After the war, most of the staff settled in Toruń, Poland, creating Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. In 1945 he worked in the department of logic studies at the university as a senior assistant to professor Tadeusz Czezowski. Between 1947 and 1948 he headed the mathematical department in the Fourth College in Torun.
He then returned to Nicolaus Copernicus University, working with professor Roman Ingarden and Tadeusz Czezowski. He started publishing his works: "Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Etranger", "Pozytywizm etyczny Emila Durkheima" (Emile Durkheim's ethical positivism; 1960), "Set of tasks of probability and mathematical statistics" (1962) "Cohorts method applied to arrays of elimination" (1967), and "Mathematics Theory and a set of tasks" (1973).
His correspondence with Tadeusz Kotarbinski (philosopher and professor of University of Warsaw) can be found in the archives of Archives of Janina and Tadeusz Kotarbinski, 1962. Franciszek Indan was a board member of the Polish Society of Mathematics from 1971 to 1981. His works are available on line from Twardowski Digital Archives.

## Private life

He was married to Zofia Siemaszko, with whom he had five children.
# G.I.

G.I. is an informal term that refers to "a soldier in the United States armed forces, especially the army". It is mostly deeply associated with World War II, but continues to see use.
It was originally an initialism used in U.S. Army paperwork for items made of galvanized iron. The earliest known instance in writing is from either 1906 or 1907.
During World War I, U.S. soldiers took to referring to heavy German artillery shells as "G.I. cans". During the same war, "G.I.", reinterpreted as "government issue" or "general issue", began being used to refer to any item associated with the U.S. Army, e.g., "G.I. soap". Other reinterpretations of "G.I." include "garrison issue" and "general infantry".
The earliest known recorded instances of "G.I." being used to refer to an American enlisted man as a slang term are from 1935. In the form of "G.I. Joe" it was made better known due to it being taken as the title of a comic strip by Dave Breger in Yank, the Army Weekly, beginning in 1942. A 1944 radio drama, They Call Me Joe, reached a much broader audience. It featured a different individual each week, thereby emphasizing that "G.I. Joe" encompassed U.S. soldiers of all ethnicities. They Call Me Joe reached civilians across the U.S. via the NBC Radio Network and U.S. soldiers via the Armed Forces Radio Network.
"G.I. Jane" originally referred to a member of the Women's Army Corps during World War II, but more recently it is used to refer to any female American soldier.
# Kher (surname)

Kher or Khar is a Kashmiri Pandit and Karhade Brahmin clan or surname, native to the Kashmir Valley in Jammu and Kashmir and Maharashtra, India.

## Usage

Kher/Khar as a last name is used by Kashmiri Brahmins and Karhade Brahmins.
Multiple Kashmiri surnames have been attached to a Kashmiri person because of the appearance of any of their ancestors in past with any animal or a bird, which later became the family's surname.

## Notable people

* B. G. Kher (1888–1957) - Politician
* Govind Ballal Kher (1710–1760) - Military of Peshwas in Bundelkhand
# 1883 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1883.

## Plants
### Angiosperms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Porana speirii | Sp nov | jr synonym | Lesquereux | late Eocene | Florissant Formation | United States Colorado | A mallow relative. moved to Holmskioldia speirii (1953) | Florissantia speirii |

## Dinosaurs

| Taxon | Novelty | Status | Author(s) | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Craspedodon | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Dollo | Santonian | Glauconie de Lonzée Formation | Belgium | An early ceratopsian | Craspedodon lonzeensis |
| Megalosaurus bredai | Sp. nov. | Valid | Seeley | Maastrichtian | Maastricht Formation | Netherlands | First named as a megalosaurid Moved to Betasuchus bredai (1932) | Betasuchus bredai |
| Orthomerus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Seeley | Maastrichtian | Maastricht Formation | Netherlands | A hadrosaurid relative | Orthomerus dolloi |

## Plesiosaurs
### New taxa

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Notes |
| Luetkesaurus | Nomen dubium | Kiprijanoff | | |
# Averasboro Battlefield and Museum

The Averasboro Battlefield and Museum is dedicated to the Battle of Averasborough, a Civil War battle fought on March 16, 1865. The museum, founded in 1994 by the Averasboro Battlefield Commission, Inc, is located on the battlefield in Dunn, North Carolina. The battlefield attained National Register Historic District status in May 2001. Also on the battlefield and considered to be part of the museum is the restored Chicora Civil Cemetery.
The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 520 acres (2.1 km$^2$) of the battlefield.
# Margaret L. Plunkett

Margaret Louise Plunkett (April 15, 1906 – September 14, 2000) was an American labor economist, government official and diplomat. She was the first woman accredited to serve in the United States Labor Attaché program, with postings in the Hague (1962 to 1967) and Tel Aviv (1967 to 1972).

## Early life and education

Plunkett was born in Brooklyn and raised in Elmira, New York, the daughter of Robert Plunkett and Sophia Henschel Plunkett. She graduated from Corning Northside High School in 1923, attended Elmira College, and completed three degrees, including a PhD in history, at Cornell University. Her dissertation was titled "A History of the Liberty Party with Emphasis upon its Activities in the Northeastern States" (1930). During her doctoral studies she spent a year at the Brookings Institution on a fellowship. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa.

## Career

Plunkett taught at Cornell University from 1930 to 1936. During World War II, she joined the United States Department of Labor to study wage rates in war industry factories. From 1945 to 1951, she headed the Labor Legislation Division of the Department's Women's Bureau, collecting data to bolster the case for equal pay legislation at the federal and state levels. In the early 1950s she was a member of the Wage Stabilization Board, and later in the 1950s she worked at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, studying blind workers and young workers. She served on Kennedy's Presidential Committee on Youth Employment before she was appointed labor attaché in 1962.
Plunkett was the first woman to be named an American labor attaché. As labor attaché, she was posted to the Hague from 1962 to 1967, and in Tel Aviv from 1967 to 1972. As a labor attaché, she "helped promote and explain U.S. labor policies, assisted U.S. citizens who were interested in labor subjects, and developed contacts with labor leaders."
Plunkett was also a serious amateur archaeologist, and during the 1950s she spent time in the Middle East pursuing this interest, at sites in Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Israel and Jordan.
Plunkett received the Meritorious Service Award from the Labor Department in 1955.

## Publications

* Trend of earnings among white-collar workers during the war (1944)
* "Earnings on Tugboats and Barges in New York Harbor, January 1945" (1945)
* "Equal Pay for Women Workers" (1946)
* "Personnel in Work for the Blind" (1957)
* "Personnel and Agencies Serving Blind People, 1955" (1957)
* "National Survey of Personnel Standards and Personnel Practices in Services for the Blind, 1955" (1957)
* "The Histadrut: The General Federation of Jewish Labor in Israel" (1958)
* School and early employment experience of youth; a report on seven communities, 1952-57 (1960, with Naomi Riches)
* Looking Ahead to Earning a Living (1961)
* "The Older Worker in the Job Market" (1962)
* Israel (1979, with Les Finnegan)

## Personal life

Plunkett died in Bloomington, Minnesota in 2000, aged 94 years.
# Carl Borgstrøm

Carl Hjalmar Borgstrøm (1909–1986) was a Norwegian professor of Indo-European linguistics who made significant contributions to the scientific study of Scottish Gaelic and Irish.
His key publications on Scottish Gaelic include:
* (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 8
* (1940) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland. The dialects of the Outer Hebrides Oslo University Press
* (1941) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland. The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire Oslo University Press