OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Differential game

In game theory, differential games are dynamic games that unfold in continuous time, meaning players’ actions and outcomes evolve smoothly rather than in discrete steps, and for which the rate of change of each state variable—like position, speed, or resource level—is governed by a differential equation. This distinguishes them from turn-based games (sequential games) like chess, focusing instead on real-time strategic conflicts.
Differential games are sometimes called continuous-time games, a broader term that includes them. While the two overlap significantly, continuous-time games also encompass models not governed by differential equations, such as those with stochastic jump processes, where abrupt, unpredictable events introduce discontinuities
Early differential games, often inspired by military scenarios, modeled situations like a pursuer chasing an evader, such as a missile targeting an aircraft. Today, they also apply to fields like economics and engineering, analyzing competition over resources or the control of moving systems.

## Connection to optimal control

Differential games are related closely with optimal control problems. In an optimal control problem there is single control $u(t)$ and a single criterion to be optimized; differential game theory generalizes this to two controls $u_{1}(t),u_{2}(t)$ and two criteria, one for each player. Each player attempts to control the state of the system so as to achieve its goal; the system responds to the inputs of all players.

## History

In the study of competition, differential games have been employed since a 1925 article by Charles F. Roos. The first to study the formal theory of differential games was Rufus Isaacs, publishing a text-book treatment in 1965. One of the first games analyzed was the 'homicidal chauffeur game'.

## Random time horizon

Games with a random time horizon are a particular case of differential games. In such games, the terminal time is a random variable with a given probability distribution function. Therefore, the players maximize the mathematical expectancy of the cost function. It was shown that the modified optimization problem can be reformulated as a discounted differential game over an infinite time interval

## Applications

Differential games have been applied to economics. Recent developments include adding stochasticity to differential games and the derivation of the stochastic feedback Nash equilibrium (SFNE). A recent example is the stochastic differential game of capitalism by Leong and Huang (2010). In 2016 Yuliy Sannikov received the John Bates Clark Medal from the American Economic Association for his contributions to the analysis of continuous-time dynamic games using stochastic calculus methods.
Additionally, differential games have applications in missile guidance and autonomous systems.
For a survey of pursuit–evasion differential games see Pachter.
# Highland Presbyterian Church (Kentucky)

Highland Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church located in Louisville, Kentucky, US. The church was founded in 1873 with a meeting in a local physician's home; the current sanctuary was built in 1888. The church is one of the most prominent in the city of Louisville and sends many missionaries abroad every year. The headquarters of the Presbyterian Church is in Louisville and so, in recent years, Highland has taken on a bigger role in national ministry. Former Pastor Cynthia Campbell was an outspoken advocate for social justice issues in the city and has contributed her thoughts on the topic in The Courier-Journal.
# Lillybanks

Lillybanks is a historic residence in eastern Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1926, it is a stone building with a slate roof. Prepared by John Scudder Adkins, the design of the two-and-a-half-story house is heavily Tudor Revival — its location atop a hill and behind walls gives it the isolation common to Tudor Revival mansions. Moreover, the house's design features many elements common to the style, such as the gabled roof, ornamental stonework, wall dormers, and stone mullions in the windows. Its overall floor plan is that of a thin but long rectangle.
Lillybanks was the residence of Philip and Bessie Swing. Natives of Batavia in Clermont County, Ohio, the Swings were descended from leading lawyers of that community — Philip's father, Peter, was a son of Philip Bergen Swing, a judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, and Bessie's father Allen Cowan was a local judge — and Philip himself was a lawyer in the Hamilton County courts from 1894 until 1911.
In 1983, Lillybanks was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying for inclusion because of its historically significant architecture.
# Władysław Krasiński

Count Władysław Krasiński (1844–1873) was a Polish nobleman, landowner, lawyer and historian.
Władysław was the 3rd Ordynat of the Opinogóra estates. He was the son of one of Poland's greatest romantic poets Zygmunt Krasiński.
During the January Uprising he worked in Paris together with Prince Władysław Czartoryski. He was passionate in the humanities and organized the ordination collections. He founded the Library of ord. Krasińscy, initiated the publishing house Library of ord. In 1868. Krasińscy published together with Władysław Chomętowski the first five volumes.
He was married to Róża Potocka and had three children, Adam Krasiński, Elżbieta Maria Krasińska and Zofia Krasińska.
# Theaudience (band)

Theaudience (styled as theaudience) were an English rock band, formed in London in 1996. They released one album and saw three singles enter the UK Singles Chart. The band's lead vocalist Sophie Ellis-Bextor became a successful solo artist after the band's disbandment.

## History

theaudience were founded by guitarist Billy Reeves, formerly of the indie group Congregation. The group was fronted by Sophie Ellis-Bextor and included drummer/producer "Patch" Hannan (ex-The Sundays), keyboard player Nigel Butler (ex-The Bridge), guitarist Dean Mollett (ex-Porcupine) and bass guitarist Kerin Smith. Their one self-titled album received critical acclaim and reached No. 22 in the UK Albums Chart, with two of four singles released reaching the Top 40 in the UK Singles Chart.
Reeves left the band in December 1998, and although the remaining band members wrote and demoed at least 33 songs for a second album, it was rejected by record label Mercury Records, who then dropped the band, which split in 1999. Approximately half of these tracks were leaked onto the internet, most of which appeared as a fourteen-track bootleg album in 2009 under the fan-made title Quiet Storm.
Ellis-Bextor started a solo career in major label artist-driven dance-pop music following the success of her collaboration with Spiller on "Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)" in 2000.

## Discography

The discography of Theaudience consists of one studio album, four singles and four music videos. The album track "Keep In Touch" was earmarked as a potential fifth single.
Thirty three songs were recorded as full band demos in 1998-1999 for a second album, just over half of which circulate as bootleg/download tracks. One such track, "Out With The Old School" was released contemporarily on NME sampler cassette "Wicked Women" in late 1998.

### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | UK |
| Theaudience | Released: 17 August 1998 Formats: CD, CS, LP Label: Mercury | 22 |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | UK | Album |
| "I Got the Wherewithal" | 1997 | 170 | theaudience |
| "If You Can't Do It When You're Young; When Can You Do It?" | 1998 | 48 | theaudience |
| "A Pessimist Is Never Disappointed" | 1998 | 27 | theaudience |
| "I Know Enough (I Don't Get Enough)" | 1998 | 25 | theaudience |
# Kum-Kum Bhavnani

Kum-Kum Bhavnani is a university professor, filmmaker, and author. As of 2018, she is a professor of Sociology and Distinguished Professor with Feminist Studies and Global and International Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she is Chair of the interdisciplinary program in Women, Culture, Development. She served as the Chair (2019–20) of the University of California Academic Senate.
In 2006, Bhavnani premiered first feature-length documentary, The Shape of Water, based on her research in Senegal, Brazil, India, and Jerusalem. It is narrated by Susan Sarandon. Bhavnani premiered Nothing Like Chocolate in 2012, and Lutah in 2014. Bhavnani is the founder and director of Mirror Hammer Films.

## Background and education

Born in India and raised in London, Bhavnani completed her first degree, a B.Sc. (Hons.) in Psychology at the University of Bristol. She completed her M.A. in Child and Educational Psychology at the University of Nottingham. Her Ph.D. (1983–1987) was awarded in 1988 by Cambridge University (King's College). She came to the University of California Santa Barbara in 1991.

## Publications

Bhavnani's books and co-edited volumes include Talking Politics (Cambridge University Press), Feminism and ‘Race’ (Oxford University Press), Feminist Futures (Zed Press), and On the Edges of Development (Routledge). She was also the inaugural editor for Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism from 2000–2002 at Smith College, Massachusetts.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Writer | Director | Producer |
| 2006 | The Shape of Water | Y | Y | Y |
| 2012 | Nothing Like Chocolate | Y | Y | Y |
| 2014 | Lutah - A Passion for Architecture: A Life in Design | Y | Y | Y |
| 2018 | We Are Galapagos | Y | Y | Y |
# Jaimie Bleck

Jaime Bleck is an American sociologist. In 2014–2015, she was an American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) Fellow.
She is Ford Family Assistant Professor of Political Science at University of Notre Dame.
She spoke at Africa Symposium 2020, of The Wilson Center.

## Works

* Education and Empowered Citizenship in Mali, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015. ISBN 9781421417813
* Nicolas van de Walle, Continuity in Change: Electoral Politics in Africa 1990-2015, Cambridge University Press, 2018.
* Bleck, Jaimie; Michelitch, Kristin (July 2017). "Capturing the Airwaves, Capturing the Nation? A Field Experiment on State-Run Media Effects in the Wake of a Coup". The Journal of Politics. 79 (3): 873–889. doi:10.1086/690616. ISSN 0022-3816.
* "Women's voices in civil society organizations: Evidence from a civil society mapping project in Mali". ebrary.ifpri.org. doi:10.2499/9780896294141. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
* Honig, Lauren; Smith, Amy; Bleck, Jamie (2021), Replication Data for: What Stymies Action on Climate Change? Religious Institutions, Marginalization, and Efficacy in Kenya, Amy Smith, Harvard Dataverse, doi:10.7910/dvn/r7xt2d, retrieved March 10, 2023
* Friesen, Paul; Bleck, Jaimie; Fridy, Kevin (April 29, 2022). "Personality, community, and politics: relating the five factor model to political behaviour in an African setting". Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 60 (2): 190–211. doi:10.1080/14662043.2022.2044653. ISSN 1466-2043.
# Oluwaseun Olaegbe

Oluwaseun Olaegbe (better known by his stage name Skilzar) is a singer, songwriter, and tech entrepreneur. He is a Nigerian entrepreneur and technology startup founder.
Olaegbe was listed as one of the most influential people in the Nigerian entertainment world. He was awarded the Nigerian Books of Record and JOM Charity Award due to his contributions to the ICT and media industry.

## Early life

Olaegbe is an indigene of the Ifedayo local government area in Osun State but raised in Lagos. He had his secondary education at Lagos State Model College, Igbonla, Epe before graduating from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology in 2014 with a Bachelor Of Technology degree in computer science. He is a Google Trained Digital Marketing Specialist and a Harvard Trained computer programmer.

## Career

Olaegbe is the Founder of Skilzar Digital, a design and advertising agency that created the Yessiey platform and organizes “The Yessiey Awards” to recognize outstanding achievements around the globe.
Olaegbe has worked with GT Da Guitarman, Sugarboy and his song Novacane attracted over 1 million Plays on social media recorded close to 400,000 streams online and was on top chat on Silverbird Rhythm 93.7 FM Lagos.
He is an advocate for technological advancement in Africa and was once listed In the year 2022, as one of the most influential young Nigerians in the Tech and branding industry and was also listed among the most distinguished CEOs to look out for in 2023 by E.O.M business network. He is credited for making brands in Nigeria leverage digital media for advertising and also for his non-profit set-up School The African Child Initiative, which provides micro-scholarships, tech training, and talent placement for African youth.

## Recognition and membership

Olaegbe was awarded the Nigerian Books of Record, JOM Charity Award, The Outstanding Personalities (T.O. P) Prize.He is a member of the British Computer Society (BCS) - The Chartered Institute For I.T, and Forbes BLK.
# Nicola Lagnena

Nicola Lagnena (born 25 November 1986, in Torre del Greco) is an Italian football defender who plays for S.S. Cavese 1919.

## Caps on Italian Series

Serie C2: 32 Caps, 1 Goal
Serie D: 79 Caps, 1 Goal
Total: 111 Caps, 1 Goal
# Leonard Broom

Vale Leonard Broom (November 8, 1911 – November 19, 2009) also known as Leonard Bloom, was an American sociologist whose career spanned seven decades. He was known for his research on discrimination and social inequality, which began with his studies on the effects of Japanese internment.

## Biography

Leonard Broom was born on November 8, 1911, in Boston, Massachusetts.
Broom was educated at Boston University (B.S. Phi Beta Kappa, 1933; A.M., 1934) and Duke University (Ph.D., 1937).
In 1941, he obtained a tenure-track appointment at the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), making him the second person to be named to the faculty of the department of sociology and anthropology there. From 1955 to 1957, he was the editor-in-chief of the American Sociological Review. In 1959, he left the faculty of UCLA to become a professor at the University of Texas-Austin (UT-Austin), where he helped establish the Population Research Center. He was the Ashbel Smith Professor of Sociology at UT-Austin from 1959 to 1971, and chair of the sociology department there from 1959 to 1966. In 1971, he became a professor of sociology at the Institute of Advanced Studies at The Australian National University, where he continued to teach until 1976. He was a research associate at the University of California-Santa Barbara from 1980 until his death.
He died on November 19, 2009, in Santa Barbara, California.

## Honors, awards, and recognition

Broom received a Fulbright Fellowship in 1950 to conduct research in Jamaica, and a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1958 for research in Australia. While on the faculty of UT-Austin, he received a one-year fellowship in the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (1962–3). He was a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and the Royal Anthropological Institute, and received an honorary degree (DSc) from Boston University. In 2002, the Research School of Population Health at the Australian National University established the Leonard Broom endowment in his honor; it serves to give indigenous Australians the opportunity to pursue health-related careers. In 2011, the Leonard and Gretchan Broom Center for Demography was established at the University of California, Santa Barbara, with generous funding from Broom and his wife, Gretchan.

## Publications

* Bloom, Leonard (1937). The Acculturation of the Eastern Cherokee (thesis). Duke University. OL 37045232M.
* Speck, Frank G.; Broom, Leonard (1993). Cherokee Dance and Drama. The Civilization of the American Indian Series. Vol. 163. Will West Long (contributions). University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806125800.
# Onitis bhomorensis

Onitis bhomorensis, is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is only known from its type locality near Tezpur in Assam state of India.

## Etymology

Named after the Kolia Bhomora Setu across Brahmaputra – the widest river in India, near which the type specimen was collected.

## Habitat

River bed of Brahmaputra which is dry seasonal grasslands with dominant species is Ziziphus jujuba trees.
# Onlife

Onlife is a neologism coined by philosopher Luciano Floridi in 2012. The concept is a portmanteau of online and life referring to "the new experience of a hyperconnected reality within which it is no longer sensible to ask whether one may be online or offline".$^{:1}$ The term has taken inspiration from Hannah Arendt's The Human Condition (1958) "to better understand and articulate the interactions of [Information and communications technology] with notions of public space in particular and our contemporary lifeworld more generally".$^{:157}$ The term gained significant recognition with the publication of the 2015 Onlife Manifesto, edited by Floridi himself. The manifesto brought together academics from across Europe to discuss the social effects, policy-making, ethical implications, and legal advancements related to hyperconnectivity in Europe and beyond.

## Scholarly uses

Onlife as concept has been used internationally by scholar Mireille Hildebrandt in the fields of criminal justice, as well as by Surveillance Studies expert David Lyon within sociology. It also significantly contributed to conceptualise the effects of hyperconnectivity in psychology, and technology and law and criminology.
# Henry Allen Bullock

Henry Allen Bullock (May 2, 1906 - February 8, 1973) was an American historian and sociologist and the first Black professor to be appointed to the faculty of arts and sciences at the University of Texas at Austin.

## Education

He graduated from Virginia Union University with a B.A in social sciences and Latin classics in 1928, from the University of Michigan with an M.A. in sociology and comparative psychology in 1929 and with a Ph.D. in sociology in 1942. He was an Earhardt Foundation fellow at the University of Michigan.

## Career

He taught at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in 1929–30, at Prairie View A&M, from 1930 to 1949, at Dillard University from 1949 to 1950, at Texas Southern University from 1950 to 1969. He became the first African American to serve on the faculty of arts and sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, where he served from 1969 to 1971.
He retired in 1971 to his home in Houston, Texas.

## Awards

In 1968, Bullock won the Bancroft Prize from Columbia University for his work, A History of Negro Education in the South.

## Works

* Urban Homicide in Theory and Fact
* A History of Negro Education in the South
* A Comparison of the Academic Achievements of White and Negro High School Graduates
* Significance of the Racial Factor in the Length of Prison Sentences
* Racial Attitudes and the Employment of Negroes
* The Black College and the New Black Awareness
* The Prediction of Dropout Behavior Among Urban Negro Boys
# Kenar Rud Rural District

Kenar Rud Rural District (Persian: دهستان کنار رود) is in Bala Taleqan District of Taleqan County, Alborz province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Guran.

## History

In 2010, Savojbolagh County was separated from Tehran province in the establishment of Alborz province. Taleqan District was separated from the county in establishing Taleqan County, and Kenar Rud Rural District was created in the new Bala Taleqan District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2016 National Census, the rural district's population was 3,146 people in 1,183 households. The most populous of its 16 villages was Vashteh, with 593 inhabitants.
Other villages in the rural district include Haranj and Mangolan.
# Esko Ranta

Esko Ranta (born 14 January 1947) is a Finnish former footballer who played as a left-back, notably for Haka Valkeakoski. He made 63 appearances for the Finland national team from 1969 to 1980.
# JayR Tinaco

JayR, formerly known as JayR Tinaco (born 5 January 1989), is a Filipino-Australian actor, known for his roles as Zayn Petrossian in the Netflix series Another Life (2019–2021) and as Dr. Xyler in Space Force (2022).

## Early life

JayR was born in Manila, Philippines, and grew up in Queensland, Australia.
Early in his career, agents told JayR that he needed to do more "straight acting". JayR later told Variety: "When you're an actor starting out and you have an agent telling you this, you want to listen because you want to make it and you want to work."

## Career

JayR started a career working in the hospitality industry in Sydney. In 2009, he won his first television role performing a trapped student in two episodes of the Australian series Home and Away. Between 2012 and 2015, JayR appeared in short films such as Simone Pietro Felice's The Life Again, Samuel Leighton-Dore's Showboy (in which he portrays a drag queen), and The Wake by Leigh Joel Scott. In 2016, he appeared in two episodes of the Australian series Rake.
JayR moved to Canada to pursue his acting dreams back in early 2017. In September 2018, JayR joined Katee Sackhoff, Tyler Hoechlin, Justin Chatwin, Samuel Anderson and Elizabeth Ludlow in the American series Another Life, broadcast on Netflix. JayR played Zayn Petrossian, the non-binary military doctor aboard the spaceship Salvare. It ran for two seasons from 2019 to 2021. The same year, JayR appeared as the restaurant's host in the Netflix film Always Be My Maybe.
JayR also appears as Dr. Xyler in the second season of the Netflix series Space Force, which was released in February 2022.

## Personal life

JayR is non-binary. Regarding his pronouns, he says, "I still identify with the pronouns He/His/Him in my personal life, but I have friends that call me 'They' or even 'she' and I'm okay with that."

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2015 | Drown | Dan |
| 2019 | Always Be My Maybe | Saintly Fare Host |
| 2021 | Swan Song | Alex |
| 2025 | F*** Marry Kill | Anthony |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | Home and Away | Trapped Student | 2 episodes |
| 2016 | Rake | Qi | 2 episodes |
| 2019–2021 | Another Life | Zayn Petrossian | Main role |
| 2020 | A Million Little Things | Stevie | Episode: "We're the Howards" |
| 2021 | One of Us Is Lying | Miko | Episode: "Pilot" |
| 2022 | Space Force | Dr. Xyler | 4 episodes |
| 2023 | So Help Me Todd | Casey Manthine | Episode: "Side Effects May Include Murder" |
| 2023 | The Fall of the House of Usher | Faraj | Episode: "The Masque of the Red Death" |
| 2024 | Alert: Missing Persons Unit | Skit | Episode: "Maya" |
| 2024 | Fire Country | Béla | Episode: "False Alarm" |
# Lima Memorial Hall

The Lima Memorial Hall is a historic performing arts center and city hall on the edge of downtown Lima, Ohio, United States. Designed by the architectural company of Dawson & McLaughlin and named for local military veterans, the Beaux-Arts building was built in 1908. A dominating aspect of its architecture is the massive marble staircase that rises from the foyer to a second-floor open balcony.
As a performing arts center, Memorial Hall has hosted concerts by John Philip Sousa's band, Victor Borge, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, and singers from the Boston and Chicago opera companies. It no longer serves as the city hall; the municipal offices are now located on Public Square at the center of the city.
The building was featured in the August 1911 issue of The Ohio Architect, Engineer, and Builder magazine "to illustrate the work of the architectural firm, Dawson and McLaughlin....It is a handsome example of Beaux Arts Classicism."
In 1979, Memorial Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Both its architecture and its contribution to local history were significant enough to qualify it for listing by themselves. As of 1979, the building had not ever been expanded, but its entry doors and its windows were all replaced in 1971.
# Ashley Spencer

Ashley Spencer is the name of:
* Ashley Spencer (hurdler) (born 1993), American sprinter and hurdler
* Ashley Spencer (actress), American musical theatre actress