# Jung-Koch-Quentell Wall Charts

Jung–Koch–Quentell, often abbreviated as JKQ, describes a collaboration of three late 19th/early 20th century scientists and educators who created a series of botanical and zoological wall charts for use in schools.
The Jung-Koch-Quentell’schen Lehrtafeln/Wandtafeln – originally created between 1892 and 1921
– "were used in lectures at university and schools until the late twentieth century" and had been re-issued several times, up until 2015
The design of the charts followed twelve guidelines outlined in the accompanying booklet. The selected species for illustration were chosen with reference to the textbooks, ensuring that they represent the entire organism and highlight the most important parts relevant to the lesson.
The teacher should be able to easily obtain and present these parts to students after minimal preparation. Additionally, the illustrations aim to showcase the characteristic forms of each species, providing a comprehensive overview of the [at the time recognized] two organic kingdoms and their systems, organization, development, and living conditions.
All letters, numbers, and other texts are banned from the charts and moved to an explanatory booklet.
To avoid confusion and errors, each plate typically focuses on a single species. In addition to showing the whole organism in a lifelike manner, the illustrations also highlight the important details. Whenever possible and relevant, developmental stages and objects that are crucial for understanding the species' relationship with the environment are included.
The illustrations strive for natural accuracy, capturing the fidelity of the depicted objects. While individual details are not overlooked, excessive attention to them is not emphasized in order to maintain a balance between realism and practicality.
The ground was kept black so that the colored images stand out spatially and gain the necessary luminosity. Glare was avoided to ease viewing from all angles.
All objects were painted from living material, with the aid of all scientific aids (microscopy, photography, etc.) by the author and the collaborators themselves, not by draughtsmen who are removed from the sciences.
The charts were painted by Heinrich Jung, a teacher, with the support of Gottlieb von Koch, a zoology professor and natural history museum curator, and Friedrich Quentell, a teachers' seminary director.
The first publisher was Frommann & Morian (1847–1930) in Darmstadt, which originally announced to sell them in 6 shipments of 10 sheets each. Each sheet had the dimensions of 100 by 75 cm. 30 sheets contained botanical, 30 contained zoological subjects. They were supplemented by an accompanying booklet.
Fromman&Morian was sold to a competitor in 1930, but continued to operate until ca 1940. The original paintings and lithografic plates were lost in world war II. The charts were then re-published by Hagemann Lehrmittelverlag in Düsseldorf in the 1950s and 1960s. Dr med Carl Morian was involved in this re-creation, supported by Dr Georg Heldmann, the successor of Gottlieb von Koch as curator of the zoology department of the Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt. This time, the format was increased to 86x114 cm, and part of the objects were now placed on a 'natural' background. The artists who drew these new background is still unknown.
Shortly after their first publication, the charts were recommended by the Prussian educational authorities. After this official endorsement, many schools in Prussia and its provinces started procuring them.

## Use as Collectors Objects

The wall charts are appreciated for their attractiveness by collectors.

## List of the Charts

The following list is taken from the 1903's booklet, with additions from the 1928's booklet. The original spelling is used, which differs sometimes from current day use.
Botany :
| Nr | Batch 1 | | Batch 2 | | Batch 3 | | Batch 4 | | Batch 5 | | Batch 6 |
| 1 | Primula officinalis. Schlüsselblume. | 11 | Salix caprea. Sahlweide. | 21 | Vitis vinifera. Weinstock. | 31 | Cuscuta epithymum. Kleeseide. | 41 | Iris germanica. Schwertlilie. | 51 | Prunus avium. Süßkirschbaum. |
| 2 | Pisum sativum. Erbse. | 12 | Tulipa gesneriana. Gartentulpe. | 22 | Corylus avellana. Hasel. | 32 | Lotus corniculatus. Gehörnter Schotenklee. | 42 | Zea mais. Mais. | 52 | Colchicum autumnale. Herbstzeitlose. |
| 3 | Aesculus hippocastanum. Roßkastanie. | 13 | Pirus communis. Birnbaum. | 23 | Orchis morio. Knabenkraut. | 33 | Salvia pratensis. Salbei. | 43 | Equisetum arvense. Ackerschachtelhalm. | 53 | Arum maculatum. Aronstab. |
| 4 | Fragraria vesca. Walderdbeere. | 14 | Lamium album. Weiße Taubnessel. | 24 | Pinus silvestris. Kiefer. | 34 | Centaurea cyanus. Kornblume. | 44 | Marchantia polymorpha. Lebermoos. | 54 | |
| 5 | Cardamine pratensis. Wiesenschaumkraut. | 15 | Viola tricolor. Veilchen. | 25 | Polystichum filix mas. Schildfarn. | 35 | Linaria vulgaris. Leinkraut. | 45 | Lycopodium clavatum. Kolben-Bärlapp. | 55 | |
| 6 | Ranunculus acris. Scharfer Hahnenfuß. | 16 | Agrostemma githago. Kornrade. | 26 | Polytrichum commune. Großes Haarmoos. | 36 | Oenothera biennis. Nachtkerze. | 46 | Sphagnum acutifolium. Torfmoos. | 56 | |
| 7 | Papaver rhoeas. Klatschrose. | 17 | Viscum album. Mistel. | 27 | Agaricus campestris. Champignon. | 37 | Drosera rotundifolia. Sonnentau. | 47 | Urtica dioica. Große Brennessel. | 57 | |
| 8 | Solanum tuberosum. Kartoffel. | 18 | Tilia parvifolia. Kleinblättrige Linde. | 28 | Physcia parietina. Wand-Schwielenflechte. | 38 | Echium vulgare. Natterkopf. | 48 | Hedera helix. Efeu. | 58 | |
| 9 | Convolvulus arvensis. Ackerwinde. | 19 | Daucus carota. Möhre | 29 | Mucor mucedo. Kopfschimmel. | 39 | Claviceps purpurea. Mutterkornpilz. | 49 | Galanthus nivalis. Schneeglöckchen. | 59 | |
| 10 | Secale cereale. Roggen. | 20 | Helianthus annuus. Sonnenblume | 30 | Spirogyra, Pinnularia, Vaucheria Süßwasseralgen | 40 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bierhefepilz. | 50 | Fucus vesiculosus. Blasentang. | 60 | |
Zoology :
| Nr | Batch 1 | | Batch 2 | | Batch 3 | | Batch 4 |
| 1 | Felis domestica. Hauskatze | 11 | Anser cinereus. Hausgans | 21 | Triton cristatus. Kamm-Molch. | 31 | Erinaceus europaeus. Igel. |
| 2 | Ovis aries. Schaf | 12 | Pelias berus, Coluber natrix. Kreuzotter, Ringelnatter. | 22 | Cyprinus Carpio. Gemeiner Karpfen. | 32 | Trichina spiralis. Trichine. |
| 3 | Lepus timidus. Hase | 13 | Emys europaea. Europäische Sumpfschildkröte. | 23 | Musca domestica. Stubenfliege. | 33 | Hirudo medicinalis. Blutegel. |
| 4 | Fringilla coelebs. Buchfink | 14 | Anadonta anatina. Kleine Teichmuschel. | 24 | Gryllotalpa vulgaris. Maulwurfsgrille | 34 | Sepia officinalis. Tintenfisch (Mittelmeer) |
| 5 | Lacerta agilis. Eidechse | 15 | Apis mellifica. Biene. | 25 | Cyclops, Argulus. Ruderfüssler. | 35 | Scyllum catulus. Katzenhai. |
| 6 | Perca fluviatilis. Barsch | 16 | Pieris Brassicae I. Kohlweissling I. | 26 | Asteropecten aurantiacus. Seestern. | 36 | Manteltiere, Tunicata. Ascidiae simplices, Einfache Ascidien, Seescheiden. |
| 7 | Rana muta. Grasfrosch | 17 | Pieris Brassicae II. Kohlweissling II. | 27 | Taenia solium. Bandwurm. | 37 | Gallus domesticus. Huhn. |
| 8 | Helix pomatia. Weinbergschnecke | 18 | Astacus fluviatilis. Flusskrebs. | 28 | Asteroides calycularis. Sternkoralle. | 38 | Spongilla a)Ephydatia fluviatilis, b)Spongilla lacustris. Süßwasserschwamm |
| 9 | Melolontha vulgaris. Maikäfer | 19 | Lumbricus agricola. Regenwurm. | 29 | Vorticella. Paramecium. Stylonichia, Euglena, Noctiluca. Infusorien. | 39 | Aurelia aurita. Ohrenqualle. |
| 10 | Epeira diadema. Kreuzspinne | 20 | Hydra vulgaris. Gemeiner Süsswasserpolyp. | 30 | Amoeba, Rotalia, Difflugia, Gregarina. Urtiere. | 40 | |
In 1928, Carl Morian and Heinrich Jung added two additional charts "Anatomie", showing a human skeleton from the side and in frontal view.

## Biographies of the creators
### Heinrich Jung

Heinrich Jung was born 19 June 1856 Wöllstein, Germany
From 1878 on, he was teacher at the Stadtknabenschule Darmstadt (boys' school)
On 21 August 1880, he became a founding member of the association for natural sciences in Darmstadt (Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Darmstadt), which was co-found by Gottlieb von Koch.
From 26 June 1886 until his retirement on 1 February 1924, he was teacher at the Mädchenmittelschule (girls' secondary school) in Darmstadt (as of 2025: Goetheschule)
On 20 October 1886, he married Katharina Maria Louise Noack, with whom he had three children: Dr phil Heinz Jung, Dr med Gustav Jung, Thilde Jung
He retired on 1 February 1924 and died 3 November 1939 in Darmstadt, Germany

### Gottlieb Karl David von Koch

see main article

### Friedrich Quentell

Friedrich Quentell was born 26 April 1847 in Worms, Germany, Germany
In 1866, he finished Gymnasium in Worms and studied in Heidelberg, Bonn, and Gießen. In Heidelberg, he studied mathematics, chemistry and physics under Rummer, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff. In Gießen, he worked with botanist Hermann Hoffmann and heard lessons of Rudolf Leuckart, who would create zoological wall charts between 1877 and 1892.
In 1873, he transferred to Mainz and published a paper with Hermann Hoffmann "Die Diatomeen von Gießen" (the diatomes of Gießen).
In 1874, he became teacher at the Realschule (secondary school) in his home town Worms. During this time, he was chairman of the Worms gymnastics teachers' association.
In 1887 he became member of a commission to investigate suspected phylloxera infestations along the Rhine between Worms and Ingelheim. While in Worms (and later in Michelstadt), he also gave public lectures for wine growers on this topic.
Supported by a recommendation of Gottlieb von Koch, Quentell could work at the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn between 2 April 1889 and 3 June 1889.
He was made headmaster of the Realschule (secondary school) Michelstadt in 1890, , where he taught physics, chemistry, geography, and natural history.
In 1893, he became headmaster of the teacher training college (Schullehrer-Seminar) in Friedberg, teaching pedagogics and about teaching aids
After his early retirement for health reasons in 1902, he remained active in several associations.
Quentell was member of the alpine club section Gießen
He was elected Bundesleiter (federal leader) of the Wandervogel, Deutscher Bund für Jugendwandern on 17 April 1908.
On 12 May 1908, he became co-founder and board member of the non-profit society for light, air and sun baths in Giessen ("Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft für Licht= Luft= und Sonnenbäder zu Gießen")
Two years later, on 2 April 1910 he was named honorary Bundesleiter (federal leader) of Wandervogel, Deutscher Bund für Jugendwandern.
Dr. Friedrich Quentell died 20 March 1935 in Homberg/Ohm, Germany