OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael Astrapas and Eutychios

Michael Astrapas and Eutychios (Greek: Μιχαήλ Αστραπάς και Ευτύχιος (flourished 1294 to 1317) were Byzantine Greek painters from Thessaloniki. They had a very active workshop in the area and some of their work survived. Famous Thessalonian painter Manuel Panselinos was active around the same period. Thessaloniki was considered the second capital of the Byzantine Empire. The region featured many iconographic workshops. Most historians consider Thessaloniki the epicenter of the Macedonian School of painting during the Palaeologan Renaissance. Other prominent Byzantine artists were Ioannis Pagomenos, Theophanes the Greek and Theodore Apsevdis. The Byzantine style influenced countless Italian and Greek artists. The style eventually evolved into the Maniera Greca.

## History

Michael Astrapas and Eutychios were active painters in Northern Greece and the Macedonian region. Not much is known about the artists. Luckily they signed their work with signatures or monograms almost hidden in their frescoes on the garments of some saints, the weapons or armory of holy warriors or on items. There are documented stories about the work that did not survive. There were many active iconographic workshops in Thessaloniki. It was the second capital of the Byzantine Empire. Manuel Panselinos had a famous workshop in the same geographic region. The artists followed the traditional Byzantine style. Michael Astrapas and Eutychios traveled all over the empire from modern Greece, North Macedonia, and Serbia.
The artists were invited to Serbia by king Stefan Milutin. They were also hired by other patrons to work in their dominions on commissions as icon painters. The names Michael and Eutychios were persevered in the inscriptions of four churches at Staro Nagoricino, Prizren, Banjani, and Ohrid. The frescoes exhibit strong chiaroscuro and heavy folds within the heavy drapery. There is a frescos cycle outlining the life of Mary including the Dormition. This can be found in the prothesis of the Church of Saint George.
One theory explains that Eutychios Astrapas was Michael Astrapas's father. Markovic explains that because of the difference in painting styles a plausible argument can be made that there is a father-son relationship between the two artists. Some of the work was signed the hand of Michael, son of Eutychios.

## Gallery

* Fresco of Constantine Cavassila (possibly a work of Panselinos)
* Matthew the Apostle
* St.George Ascension of Our Lady
* Presentation of the Mother of God in the Temple 1313–14.
* Resurrection
* Baptism of Jesus
* Doubting of Thomas

## Notable works

* Church of the Holy Mother of God Peribleptos at Ohrid (1294)
* Church of Saint Niketas at Čucer Sandevo (before 1315)
* Church of Our Lady of Ljeviš in Prizren (1307)
* Church of Saint George at Staro Nagoričane (1317)
# Andrey Lukin

Andrei Lukin (Russian: Андрей Лукин, born August 28, 1948) is a chess International Master and a chess coach.

## Chess career

He was one of the strongest junior chess players in the Soviet Union in the late 60s, qualified for the World Juniors in 1967 ahead of Karpov, Balashov and other very strong players, and was subsequently denied his shot at the title by the fact that the event was held in Israel, which at the time was a no-fly zone for Soviet sportsmen.
Since then his career failed to live up to the earlier promise, but he still became an International Master and won five Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) championships, which at the time were equal in strength to a national championship of an average European country, with many titled players taking part. Unlike majority of the other players of his level, he managed to combine his chess playing with a nine-to-five job as an engineer.
Andrei went into coaching in the late 1980s and since then helped many young chess players in Saint Petersburg, leading Konstantin Sakaev to a World Junior title. In 1993 he started to work with Peter Svidler, who credits him as the biggest influence in his career.
# El Hayat TV

El Hayat TV also known as (Arabic: قناة الحياة) is an Algerian Arabic language television channel that airs in countries in North Africa, West Asia, the Middle East and Europe.

## History

The channel was founded in Algiers on 16 May 2018 by Hannachi Habet, the president of Epcom Plus publishing company.
# Ama-e

Ama-e (fl. c. 2330 BC) was an Ancient Sumerian businesswoman. She is one of the earliest individual businesswomen of which any significant amount of information is known.

## Background

She lived in the city of Umma during the reign of Sargon of Akkad. She was married to Ur-Šara and her business transactions are well documented in the so-called Ur-Sara family archive. While it does not appear to have been uncommon for women to conduct business, as it was regarded as a part of the household duties, no other individual businesswoman and her transactions from this period or before is as well documented as Ama-e.

## Business

She rented land from the crown for cultivating, invested in buildings, traded in barley and metal, and had a network of business agents through which she bought and sold silver, wood, wool, food and perfume.
Translator H. J. Marsman wrote:
   In early Mesopotamian society, women appear to have acted quite independently [and] could stand surely for someone else [as with] the businesswoman Ama-e, who lived in Sargonic Umma. She engaged in trade involving grain, wool, and metals.
Family business records show that she invested some of the profits in real estate and building projects and oversaw a widespread trade network.
# Neo-pop

Neo-pop (also known as new pop) is a postmodern art movement that surged in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a resurgent, evolved, and modern version of the ideas of pop art artists from the 50s, capturing some of its commercial ideas and kitsch aspects. However, unlike in pop art, Neo-pop takes inspiration from a wider amount of sources and techniques.

## Context

Neo-pop art's visuals don't retain many aspects of traditional pop art but rather convey its ideas into modern times. Neo-pop takes elements from pop art like its emphasis on popular culture, consumerism, and mass media and its bright color palette. The visuals are mainly rooted in vibrant colors, diverse patterns (like polka dots, flowers, hearts, stars, lines, etc.), and a mix of imagery from everyday life, like advertisements and pop culture. Neo-pop artists often took inspiration from celebrities, cartoons, and iconic trademarks to make their artworks. Defined as a resurgence of the aesthetics and ideas from the mid-20th century movement capturing the characteristics of pop art like intentional kitsch and interest in commercialism.

## Notable artists

The term (which was originated in 1992 by Japanese critic Noi Sawaragi) refers to artists influenced by pop art and popular culture imagery, such as Jeff Koons, Romero Britto, Damien Hirst and Peter Mars, but also artists working in graffiti and cartoon art, such as Keith Haring and Kenny Scharf.
Japanese artist Takashi Murakami is described as the first of the Japanese neo-pop artists to "break the ice in terms of recycling Japanese pop culture". Japanese neo-pop known as Superflat is associated with the otaku subculture and the obsessive interests in anime, manga and other forms of pop culture. Artist Kenji Yanobe exemplifies this approach to art and fandom.
# Wanze Eduards

Wanze Eduards is a Saramaka leader from the Republic of Suriname for the village of Pikin Slee. During the 1990s logging companies encroached on the village of Pikin Santi. Extensive flooding caused by faulty bridging resulted in the loss of large plots of agricultural land.
Eduards joined efforts with Hugo Jabini of the nearby village Tutubuka to fight the companies. He was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2009, jointly with Jabini, for their efforts to protect their traditional land against logging companies, by bringing the case to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and further to the Inter-American Court. Their efforts resulted in a landmark ruling regarding the right of tribal and indigenous people in the Americas to control the exploitation of natural resources in their territories.
# Disney Television Studios

Disney Television Studios is the television studios arm of the Disney Entertainment division of the Walt Disney Company established on May 15, 2019 to succeed the first and second incarnations of Walt Disney Television following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox.
The division oversees Disney's television studio assets including 20th Television, 20th Television Animation and the Walt Disney Television Alternative unit.

## Assets
### Current

* 20th Television
** Regency Television International (50%)
* 20th Television Animation
* Walt Disney Television Alternative

### Former

* The original 20th Television — merged into Disney–ABC Domestic Television
* ABC Signature — dissolved, operations folded into 20th Television
* ABC Signature Studios (2013–2020) — merged with ABC Studios to form ABC Signature
* ABC Studios (2007–2020) — originally Touchstone Television (first incarnation) (1985–2007), merged with ABC Signature Studios to form ABC Signature
* Touchstone Television (2014–2020) (second incarnation) — originally Fox Television Studios (1997–2014), Fox 21 (2004–2014) and Fox 21 Television Studios (2014–2020), folded into 20th Television

## Filmography

* List of programs produced by ABC Signature
* List of 20th Television programs
* List of 20th Television Animation productions
# Vera Musaelyan

Vera Vyacheslavovna Musaelyan (born January 29, 1988, in Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast) is a Russian singer, musician, and songwriter. She is the founder, lead singer, and leader of the pop rock band AloeVera.

## Biography

Vera Musaelyan was born on January 29, 1988, in Nizhny Tagil to a mixed Armenian-Azerbaijani family. At the age of 16, she moved to Yekaterinburg, where she entered the Faculty of Economics at the Ural State Technical University (USTU-UPI), but a year later transferred to the Faculty of Journalism at Ural State University (USU). During her student years, she became acquainted with the Yekaterinburg music scene, was a keyboardist in the band Alai Oli, and socialized with members of the bands Sansara and Kurara.
In 2009, Musaelyan lost her voice for six months. After consulting a phoniatrist, who advised her to take up singing, Vera began taking singing lessons and performing in a Japanese restaurant, singing songs by Nina Simone and Ella Fitzgerald. In 2011, she founded her own band, AloeVera.
In 2022, after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Musaelyan left Russia. In October 2023, she announced that she had received a residence permit in Germany and moved to Berlin.

## Career

The band AloeVera was founded in Yekaterinburg in 2011. The band's musical style can be described as pop-rock and cute rock. Musaelyan herself describes the band's work as songs about "a feeling of freedom." The lyrics of AloeVera's songs are notable for their frankness and provocativeness. Musaelyan herself notes that she only writes about what she has experienced herself and does not know how to come up with fictional stories.

## Censorship and Blacklisting

In the summer of 2021, AloeVera began to experience problems with holding concerts. Musaelyan attributed this to her civic position and marriage to opposition politician Ilya Yashin. In November 2021, the first known list of banned artists appeared, which included AloeVera.
After the start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the band was placed on another "blacklist," which at that time included 22 artists. AloeVera attempted to hold "secret concerts" in Moscow clubs, but these attempts were thwarted. In February 2024, Meduza published a new list of "banned" artists, including 50 names, which again included AloeVera.

## Personal life

She was married to opposition politician Ilya Yashin. The wedding took place in September 2020. In July 2021, personal photos of Musaelyan and Yashin were leaked online. In October 2021, the couple announced their divorce. Musaelyan cited "different views on life" as the reason for the separation.
In July 2022, she was involved in an accident in Bali, and treatment required surgery on her collarbone.
Musaelyan was diagnosed with an eating disorder (bulimia nervosa), which she struggled with for several years, sharing her experience on her blog.
# Hugh Shine

Hugh Dunham Shine (born July 27, 1952) is a retired United States Army Colonel, financial advisor, and politician. He was a former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives, representing the 55th District. Shine defeated incumbent Molly White in the 2016 Republican primary and went on to win the November 2016 general election. He previously served two terms in the Texas House of Representatives from 1986 to 1990 before vacating his seat to run unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives. He lost renomination to the State House in 2024.

## Early life

Shine was born July 27, 1952, in the city of Houston in Harris County, Texas.

## Career as a financial advisor

In 1983, shortly after separating from active duty and while a member of the National Guard, Shine began a civilian career as a financial advisor in Bell County, Texas, in the city of Temple. Shine completed an M.B.A. from Baylor University and later an investment associate certificate through the executive education program of the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania.
# Qatabanian language

Qatabānian (or Qatabānic), one of the four better-documented languages of the Old South Arabian (or "Ṣayhadic") sub-group of South Semitic, was spoken mainly but not exclusively in the kingdom of Qatabān, located in central Yemen. The language is attested between 500 BC and 200 AD. Some two thousand inscriptions are known and written in the Ancient South Arabian Monumental Script, known as Musnad. These inscriptions are mainly found in Wādī Bayhān and Wādī Ḥārib to the south-east of Ma'rib, and from the plateau to the south of that area. Qatabanian inscriptions increase after the beginning of the 4th century BC when the Sabaeans ceased to dominate the area, and Qatabān became an independent kingdom.
Qatabanian was spoken in an area across the kingdom of Qatabān as far as Jabal al-'Awd (near Zafar) in the southwest, and if we are to believe the Greek and Latin writers, it went as far as Bāb al-Mandab on the Red Sea. At the end of the 2nd century AD, Saba' and Ḥaḑramawt finally defeated Qatabān, and the inscriptions ended.
The language used to write inscriptions in the kingdom of Awsān, known as Awsānian (or Awsānite), is virtually identical to Qatabānic, but it is so poorly attested (25 inscriptions) that it remains uncertain whether it is a Qatabānic dialect or a distinct language.

## Numerals

Qatabānian has an unusual form for the cardinal number "one": ṭd / fem. ṭt; this has no known cognates in any of the ancient Semitic languages, although it does appear in modern South Arabian languages (cf. Jibbālī ṭad, fem. ṭit). Qatabānian also has another word for "one", ˤs$_1$tn, which is cognate with the Minaean ˤs$_1$t (and with forms in Akkadian, Ugaritic and Hebrew). The Qatabānian forms for "three" and "six" are the same as the Old Sabaean words: s$_2$lṯ (fem. s$_2$lṯt) and s$_1$dṯ (fem. s$_1$dṯt).
Qatabānian expresses distributives by repeating the number, thus: b-ˤs$_2$r ˤs$_2$r ḫbṣtm mṣˤm l-ṭt ṭt ywmm "ten full Ḫabṣat coins each for each day".
# Sarah Matthews (deputy press secretary)

Sarah Anne Matthews (born February 20, 1995) is an American political aide who served as the deputy press secretary for the Donald Trump administration from June 2020 to January 2021. She resigned from her position as deputy press secretary following the attack on the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. Matthews was an outspoken critic of Trump’s 2024 presidential campaign.

## Education

Matthews graduated in 2013 from Hoover High School in North Canton, Ohio. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in public relations from Kent State University in 2017.

## Career

Matthews worked as an intern for Senator Rob Portman and the former House Speaker John Boehner. She worked as press secretary of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and joined Donald Trump’s 2020 presidential campaign in 2019 as a spokesperson. Matthews became White House deputy press secretary in 2020. She resigned in the wake of the 2021 United States Capitol attack and provided critical testimony during a primetime hearing before the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack in July 2022.
Following the Trump administration, Matthews served as the communications director for the Republican members of the United States House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis.
After working in government, Matthews became a senior advisor for the Strategic Management Services company Merrimack Potomac + Charles.

## Personal life

Matthews was born as one of two children to Jeffrey and Heidi Matthews. She has a sister named Emily C. Hyde. Her grandfather was George Thomas Matthews (1935–2022), originally from Muskegon, Michigan, who later lived in North Canton, Ohio, and was a career metallurgist and engineer.
# Old State Capitol (Kentucky)

The Old State Capitol in Kentucky, also known as Old Statehouse, is the former capitol building of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is located in the Kentucky capital city of Frankfort and served as home of the Kentucky General Assembly from 1830 to 1910. The current Kentucky State Capitol was built in 1910. The Old State Capitol has served as a museum and the home of the Kentucky Historical Society since 1920. It has been restored to its American Civil War era appearance and was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its exceptional Greek Revival architecture, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Kentucky legislature voted for its construction in 1827. The building was designed in the Greek Revival style by Gideon Shryock, an early Lexington, Kentucky architect. The Old State Capitol was his first building and he was only twenty-five years old. Shryock chose the Greek Revival style to symbolically link Kentucky, a young republic, with ancient Greece, the prototype of popular democratic government. He wanted the front of the building to duplicate the Temple of Minerva Polias at Priene. Greek temples had no windows, therefore the front of the capitol is devoid of fenestration. Other architectural features include a self-supporting stone stairway and a domed lantern above it to bring in sunlight.
A bitterly contested 1899 state governor election came to a climax when Democratic claimant William Goebel of Covington, Kentucky was assassinated at the capitol on his way to be inaugurated. A plaque reading "William Goebel fell here, Jan. 30th, 1900" exists near the front entrance of the building.
# Flitch Green

Flitch Green is a civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It consists of a housing development built outside the village of Little Dunmow. Flitch Green is near the A120 dual carriageway, the village of Felsted and the town of Great Dunmow, the last of which is about 5 miles (8.0 km) away. Flitch Green is on the site of an old sugar beet factory.
The development, originally named 'Oakwood Park', is next to the Flitch Way, a public right of way between Bishop's Stortford and Braintree where the old railway line used to run. The name 'Flitch' refers to the local Flitch of bacon custom. Building of Flitch Green began in 2001. The population (in December 2008) was 1,200, increasing to 2,190 at the 2011 Census.
Flitch Green was granted parish status in November 2008 in an order made by the district council; the order became effective on 1 April 2009. It had previously been in the parish of Little Dunmow.
Flitch Green Primary School, which serves the estate, was opened in September 2008. The primary school converted to The Flitch Green Academy in 2011.
Flitch United Youth Football Club are based on Flitch Green. They currently comprise of youth teams from under 8’s to under 12’s and a ladies and men’s adult teams.
# David Abbott (runner)

David Abbott (March 8, 1902 – May 19, 1987) was an American long-distance runner.

## Career

Abbott started his career while studying at University of Illinois, where he won an NCAA national championship in the two-mile race. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics, where he was eliminated in the preliminary heats.
# Kidnapping of Tanya Nicole Kach

Tanya Nicole Kach-McCrum (born October 14, 1981) is an American woman who was held captive for ten years by a security guard who worked at the school she attended. Her captor, Thomas Hose, eventually pleaded guilty to involuntary deviate sexual intercourse and other related offenses and was sentenced to five to fifteen years in prison. Ultimately, he served the full 15 years.

## Captivity

Thomas Hose (born 1957) was a security guard at Cornell Middle School in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, where Kach was an eighth-grade student. Hose befriended Kach, often taking her out of classes to talk to her, and one day when he caught her skipping class, he kissed her. Over time, Hose convinced Kach to run away from her family and move in with him, which she did in February 1996. She was 14 years old at the time.
For the first four years, she was not allowed out of the house. Hose lived with his parents and son, and went to great lengths to keep Kach hidden from them. She was confined entirely to his second-story bedroom, and had to go to the toilet in a bucket. In 2000, Hose created a new identity for Kach, "Nikki Allen", and introduced her to his parents as his girlfriend who would be moving in with them. After this, she was occasionally allowed to leave the house but had a strict curfew. Six years later, she escaped.

## Escape and later life

After being allowed some time outside of the house, Kach began to realize that her relationship with Hose was not normal. She escaped from captivity on March 21, 2006, with the help of Joe Sparico, a grocery store owner in her neighborhood whom she had befriended, by revealing her true identity to him and asking him to send police to the house. In 2007, Hose pleaded guilty to three counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, aggravated indecent assault, statutory sexual assault, interfering with the custody of a child, corruption of a minor and child endangerment. Hose was sentenced to a maximum of 15 years in prison and was released in 2022, subsequently registering as a sex offender.
Kach was happy to be reunited with her family, but has since become estranged from her father and stepmother, who consider that she is partly responsible for what happened to her. Through her marriage in September 2018, she has a stepdaughter and stepson and is grandmother to her stepson's young children.
Since her escape, Kach attempted to sue numerous government organizations for failing her, including the police and school board. All were dismissed. She has also written a New York Times bestselling book titled Memoir of a Milk Carton Kid: The Tanya Nicole Kach Story.

## Adaptation

On Saturday June 8, 2024 Lifetime aired a TV movie called The Girl Locked Upstairs: The Tanya Kach Story starring Jordyn Ashley Olson as Tanya Kach and Robert Baker as Tom Hose. Elizabeth Smart serves as an executive producer.
# Gaumont Finchley

The Gaumont Finchley was an architecturally notable cinema in north Finchley, London. It opened in 1937 and closed in 1980, before being demolished in 1987.

## History

The Gaumont was designed by W. E. Trent, architect of the Gaumont British Picture Corporation, with the assistance of his son W. Sydney Trent and R. Golding, and built by McLaughlin & Harvey. The electrical engineer was S. Hart. It was opened by the mayor of Finchley in 1937 and closed in 1980. It was demolished in 1987 and replaced by the Finchley artsdepot.