OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bomb shelter

A bomb shelter is a structure designed to provide protection against the effects of a bomb.

## Types of shelter

Different kinds of bomb shelters are configured to protect against different kinds of attack and strengths of hostile explosives.

### Air raid shelter

An air raid shelter is a structure built to protect against bomber planes dropping bombs over a large area. These were commonly seen during World War II, such as the "Anderson shelters" of the United Kingdom.

### Fallout shelter

A fallout shelter is a shelter designed specifically for a nuclear war, with thick walls made from materials intended to block the radiation from fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion. Many such shelters were constructed as civil defense measures during the Cold War. A blast shelter protects against more conventional bomb blasts. Its main purpose is to protect from shock waves and overpressure and also from earthquake.

### Bunker

While these forms of bomb shelters are equally amenable to civilians and military use, a bunker is more commonly associated with military use. A bunker may be hastily assembled as part of an ongoing military advance, or to hold a line. Bunkers have also been popular with the survivalism subculture.

## History

While military units have long built defensive structures to protect against various kinds of hostile bombardment, the use of the phrase "bomb shelter" can be traced at least as far back as 1833. A dictionary from that year defines a "casement" as "a bomb-proof shelter for soldiers in garrison". In 1881, the United States War Department issued a report in which it indicated that the defenses of Charleston, South Carolina included construction at Fort Moultrie of:
   ...eleven permanent gun-platforms and breast-height walls, bonnets on the traverses, a portion of the masonry and all the earth covering of the bomb-proof shelter, the postern gallery, a part of the earth covering of the magazines, and an earthen cover face on the channel front.
The shortening of this phrase to the conventional "bomb shelter" appears in print at least as early as 1895.
# Ivan Nikitin (poet)

Ivan Savvich Nikitin (Russian: Ива́н Са́ввич Ники́тин) (3 October 1824 [O.S. 21 September], Voronezh – 28 October 1861 [O.S. 16 October], Voronezh) was a Russian poet.
Born in Voronezh into a merchant family, Nikitin was educated in a seminary until 1843. His father's violence and alcoholism brought the family to ruin and forced young Ivan to provide for the household by becoming an innkeeper. After his first publications, he joined a circle of local intelligentsia that included his future biographer (and the editor of his collected works) Mikhail De-Poulet. He taught himself French and German and read widely in world literature, and in 1859 he opened a bookstore and library that became an important center of literary and social life in Voronezh.
His first poems appeared in 1849 and his first collection in 1856; his 1858 poem "Kulak" was his most successful with both critics and the public. A second collection came out in 1859, and a prose "Seminarist's Diary" was published in 1861. Some of his poems became the basis for popular songs, set to music by such composers as Vasily Kalinnikov, Eduard Nápravník, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. D. S. Mirsky wrote that his "principal claim to attention" was in "his realistic poems of the life of the poor":
   He was inclined sometimes to idealize and sentimentalize them, but his best things are free from this sin. There is an almost epic calm in the long, uneventful, and powerful Night Rest of the Drivers, and an unsweetened realism in such poems of tragic misery as The Tailor. In Kulák, his opus magnum, Nikitin introduced into poetry the methods of realistic prose. He succeeds in evoking pity and terror by the simple account of sordid and trivial misery. But he was not strong enough to create a really new art or a really new attitude to poetry.
Nikita Khrushchev was extremely fond of Nikitin's verse.
# China Airlines Group

The China Airlines Group (Chinese: 華航集團) is the organizational designation used by a conglomerate of transportation and associated service companies based in Taiwan, officially the Republic of China. The group is publicly listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange and is partially state-owned.

## Subsidiaries
### China Airlines

China Airlines is Republic of China's (Taiwan) largest airline, operating regular flights to over 90 destinations worldwide. China Airlines features full passenger and dedicated cargo operations to North America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.

### Mandarin Airlines

Mandarin Airlines is a subsidiary of China Airlines. Mandarin Airlines features full passenger operations to Asia. Originally, Mandarin Airlines flew many of China Airline's International Routes into countries aligned with the PRC.

### Tigerair Taiwan

Tigerair Taiwan is a low-cost carrier which commenced services in 2014. The airline was a joint venture between China Airlines and Tigerair Holdings but is now wholly owned by China Airlines Group as of 2017.

### Novotel Taipei Taoyuan International Airport

Novotel Taipei Taoyuan International Airport is a hotel located beside Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. It has 360 rooms and suites and a Premier Lounge with views of the airport runway located at Premier Floor.

### Taoyuan International Airport Services

Taoyuan International Airport Services (commonly abbreviated 桃園航勤), founded in 1979, is currently the largest ground handling provider at Taoyuan International Airport, providing services for 30 scheduled airlines, out of 38 that served in Taoyuan International Airport.

### China Pacific Catering Services

China Pacific Catering Services is a catering service, it is located adjacent to Taipei's Taoyuan International Airport. The company's automated facilities have the capacity to produce up to 30,000 meals a day. Currently, the kitchen serves 22 international airlines in addition to China Airlines. The company also provides outside catering and terminal catering services.

### Taiwan Air Cargo Terminal

Taiwan Air Cargo Terminal Limited is a company that provides physical cargo handling service to import, export and transshipment cargo.

## Headquarters

CAL Park is the headquarters of China Airlines Group.
# Aileen Bernal

Aileen Haydee Bernal Ardines (born 19 August 1994) is a Panamanian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was the winner of the Miss International Panamá 2014 title on July 13, 2014 for Miss International 2014 contest.

## Miss Panamá 2014

Bernal is 5 ft 11 in (1.81 m) tall, and competed in the national beauty pageant Miss Panamá 2014. She represented the state of Los Santos.

## Miss International 2014

She represented Panama in the 2014 Miss International pageant, held on November 11, 2014, in Tokyo, Japan, where she placed in the top 10.
# Labh Janjua

Labh Janjua (1957 – 22 October 2015) was an Indian bhangra vocalist and songwriter, best known for his bhangra and hip hop songs, such as "Bair Bura Hunda Jatt da", "Jatt Di Nazar Buri", "Goli Jatt Ne Katcheri'ch Chaloni ", "Jatt Marda", "Soni De Nakhre Sone lagde" (movie Partner) and "Mundian To Bach Ke", which was produced by Panjabi MC in 1998, and re-released in 2002. He has also sung many Bollywood songs, including "Jee Karda" from the 2008 film Singh Is Kinng and "London Thumakda" from the 2014 film Queen which was one of his most successful songs.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Janjua was born in a Jat sikh family. He learned music by attending kirtans by his grandfather and he won several prizes for singing in school and college. He is an Alumnus of Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib.
He was born and brought up in village Majra, Khanna in the Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. He was a resident of both Mumbai and Khanna City, where he learned music under a well-known local teacher, late Jaswant Bhanwra.

### Career

He first shot to fame in 1999, where he provided vocals for the song "Mundian To Bach Ke", which was produced by Panjabi MC and was a huge hit. His Bollywood break appeared in 2007, in the movie Hattrick. Since then he sang numerous songs in movies like Jai Ho, Dev.D, Singh Is Kinng, Garam Masala, Dhol, Krazzy 4 and Singh Is Bliing.

### Death

Labh was found dead at his Goregaon residence on the morning of 22 October 2015 (Thursday). While the cause of his death is not known, Bangunagar police have ruled that his death was neither a suicide or murder and no foul play had been detected. Labh was known to suffer from diabetes-related problems, and his body was sent to Bhagwati Hospital for a post-mortem examination.

## Discography
### Albums

* Hulchul Hogi
* Raatan Toon Lambe Khat
* Bewafa
* Beyond Belief
* Bair Bura Hunda Jatt Da
* Labh Janjua – The King
* Beware of the Boys
* Labh Janjua Live (2 Packs) CD and DVD

### Singles and collaborations

* 1998 / 2002 – "Mundian To Bach Ke" produced by Punjabi MC
* 2008 – "Glastonbury" with Jay-Z
* 2015 - Gora Gora Rang featuring Notorious Jatt

### Playback singing

* "Heeriye" in Vodka Diaries (2017)
* "Dil Kare Chu Che" in Singh Is Bliing (2015)
* "Jawaani Din Char" in Second Hand Husband (2015)
* "Thoda Lutf Thoda Ishq" in Thoda Lutf Thoda Ishq (2015)
* "London Thumakada" in Queen (2014)
* "Farukha Baadi" in Luv Shuv Tey Chicken Khurana (2012)
* "Baari barsi" in Band Baaja Baaraat (2010)
* "Jee Karda" and "Talli Hua" in Singh Is Kinng (2008)
* "Dance pe Chance" with Sunidhi Chauhan in Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008)
* "Aag lage aaj kal ke fashion nu" in Haal–e–dil (2008)
* "Pyaar Karke" in Pyaar Ke Side Effects (2006)
* "Chuuriyan" in Money Hai Toh Honey Hai (2008)
* "Ik rupiya" in Krazzy 4 (2008)
* "Man Moniye" in Dil Dosti etc (2007)
* "Chori Chori (male)" in Garam Masala (2005)
* "Mahi Mennu" in Dev.D (2009)
* "Hikknaal" in Dev.D (2009)
* "Soni De Nakhre" in Partner (2007)
* "O Yara Dhol Bajake" in Dhol (2007)
* "Mera Yaar Sharabi" in Labh Janjua Funmusic (2007)
# Volksraad (horse)

Volksraad (5 February 1988 – 28 December 2011) was a British-bred thoroughbred horse who when standing at stud in New Zealand was a champion sire. He dominated the New Zealand sires lists, with six consecutive titles from 2001 to 2007.

## Racing career

Volksraad was bred by the Darley Stud and his name is allied with an old Afrikaans parliamentary assembly. He was trained by Henry Cecil and won as a two-year-old at Newmarket. He had two starts as a three-year-old, winning at Royal Ascot and then finished third in the Group Two Newmarket Challenge Stakes. A training accident led to his premature retirement.

## Stud career

He was purchased for 21,000 guineas at auction from the 1992 December sales in England by Nelson Schick and Steve Till, Pat Connell and the Davison family and moved to New Zealand. He began his stud career at Mapperley Stud, near Matamata, standing for a $2500 service fee, before transferring to Windsor Park Stud. His service fee peaked at $27,500.
Volksraad was euthanased after fracturing a shoulder in a paddock accident on 28 December 2011. He was 23 years old.

### Notable progeny

His progeny includes:
* Bahnhof Zoo, winner of 8 races in New Zealand
* Clifton King, winner of the South African Guineas (G1) and Gosforth Park Centenary November Handicap (G1)
* Clifton Prince, winner of 11 races in New Zealand including the Wellesley Stakes and the 2005 & 2006 Stewards Stakes Handicap (G3 1200m Riccarton)
* Dantelah, winner of the 1999 Oakleigh Plate
* Dezigna, winner of 11 races in New Zealand including the 2007 rich Hill Mile (G2 1600m, Ellerslie) and 2008 Captain Cook Stakes
* Distill, winner of the 2011 Levin Classic
* Fiscal Madness
* Katana
* Military Move, the 2010 New Zealand Derby winner
* One Under
* Orange County
* Sir Slick, six-time Group 1 winner
* Star Satire
* Thriller
* Torlesse, winner of the 2003 New Zealand Cup
* Tusker, winner of the 2005 Championship Stakes and 2006 Awapuni Gold Cup
* Veloce Bella
* Velocitea
* Vinaka, winner of the Telegraph Handicap (G1 1200m) as a 3-year old, 2001 Hawke's Bay Guineas. Also first past the post before being relegated in the 2001 Manawatu Sires Produce Stakes.
* Volkaire
* Willy Smith, winner of the 2007 Wellington Cup
* Zola, winner of the 1998 Ellerslie Sires Produce Stakes

#### Dam sire

He is the dam sire of:
* Beauty Flash, winner of the 2010 Hong Kong Mile and 2011 Queen's Silver Jubilee Cup
* Kawi, winner of the 2015 Makfi Challenge Stakes and Zabeel Classic, 2016 Thorndon Mile, Makfi Challenge Stakes and Windsor Park Plate and the 2017 Captain Cook Stakes
* Lights Of Heaven winner of the 2011 Schweppes Oaks and 2012 Brisbane Cup
# Roopa Ram

Roopa Ram (born 15 November 1954), also known as Roopa Ram Muravatiya, is an Indian politician from Rajasthan and a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is an elected Member of 15th Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan from Makrana.

## Early life

Roopa Ram was born in Makrana to Andaram Murawatiya. He passed higher secondary from Higher Secondary School of Makrana in 1975. He was a state level football player and a member of City Club of Football, Makrana and still plays football daily in Syed Kidwai Football Stadium Makrana.

## Political career

Roopa Ram was elected as Member of Legislative Assembly from Makrana constituency in 1993 as a Non Partisan and defeated Indian National Congress candidate Abdul Aziz, former Minister of State, Government of Rajasthan by 4,931 votes and secured 30,400 votes. In 1998, he contested Bhartiya Janta Party candidate but was not able to secure his seat and got only 24,912 votes and Abdul Aziz won that election by 19951 votes. After that he retired from politics for 20 years. In 2018, he was again active in politics and contested as candidate of Bhartiya Janta Party from Makrana Assembly, and defeated Zakir Hussain Gesawat by a narrow margin of 1,072 votes.

### In Rajasthan Assembly

Murawatiya often raises issues of Makrana locality and the state in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He had sung folk song "Teja gayan" in the assembly. He has also raised the issue of filling illegal VCR by electricity department in Makrana.
On 15 February 2021, commenting on Rahul Gandhi after a massive farmer's rally held on 13 February 2021 in Makrana, Ram alleged the Rajasthan Government of using system machinery for crowd. Ram also commented that Gandhi converts all marble businessmen to farmers, like he converts potato to gold. This caused an uproar in the house and prompted the Education Minister Govind Singh Dorasra to call Ram a 'joker'. All the comments were later deleted from the House Records of Rajathan Assembly after being contested by the Congress members.

## Personal life

He is married to Sarju Devi. They have two sons and two daughters.
# Lake Wales City Hall

The Lake Wales City Hall is a historic site in Lake Wales, Florida. It is located at 152 East Central Avenue. On August 31, 1990, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
In 2007, Polk Community College began a $3.6 million renovation of the historic structure, converting it into a modern academic center. When complete in 2009 the building will be outfitted with a 50-seat Student Success Center, one 30-seat computer classroom, four 30-seat general classrooms and a 30-seat classroom/community room, which could be used as a meeting room for local civic groups. The center will initially serve 125 students.
At the groundbreaking on May 14, 2007, PCC President Eileen Holden announced that the new 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m$^2$) facility will be called the JD Alexander Center after State Senator Alexander, who was instrumental in securing Public Education Capital Outlay (PECO) monies that will fund the renovation of the historic building.
PCC plans to partner with the Lake Wales Charter High School to create a "Bridge to College" program and with the Lake Wales Literacy Coalition.
The Mediterranean Revival style building opened in 1927. It served as the Lake Wales City Hall until 1998 when offices moved to a new administrative building. A new section was added to the building in 1970, which included a fire station. The old City Hall suffered severe water and wind damage from the 2004 hurricanes. The fire station addition received the most damage.
The following year, State Senator J D Alexander was instrumental in securing funds that paved the way for the City to donate the historic building to PCC for use as an academic center.
PCC officials have said the remodeling of the building's exterior (windows, roof and brick work) will honor the architectural history to the greatest extent possible.
During the final days of 2007, demolition of the interior and exterior of the building was completed. PCC has rented a store across from the Alexander Center. During 2008 it will serve as both a construction office and a welcome center. It will be staffed during normal weekday hours, so residents can visit and receive information about PCC classes and registration.
# Wawrzęcice

Wawrzęcice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązów, within Strzelin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# 1882 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1882 in Scotland.

## Incumbents
### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – John Blair Balfour
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Alexander Asher

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Glencorse
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Moncreiff

## Events

* 2 March – Roderick Maclean fails in an attempt to assassinate Queen Victoria at Windsor, Berkshire.
* 1 June – Rothesay tramway opened on the Isle of Bute; a salt-water swimming bath is also opened in Rothesay this year.
* June – St. Andrew's Ambulance Association is officially founded with a constitution being adopted at a general meeting in Glasgow.
* July – HM Prison Barlinnie opened in Glasgow.
* 27 November – Inverythan rail accident: a cast iron girder underbridge in Aberdeenshire collapses as a Great North of Scotland Railway train passes over, causing at least 5 deaths.
* 20 December – Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, opened at Garnethill.
* Battle of the Braes on Skye: Protests by crofting tenants facing eviction. Police from Glasgow and the military are sent to restore order.
* Vat 69 blended whisky first produced by William Sanderson & Son of South Queensferry.
* 2 December (unconfirmed) Wemyss Ware is first produced by the Fife Pottery in Kirkcaldy.
* Founding of Albion Rovers F.C. through the amalgamation of two Coatbridge clubs, Albion and Rovers.
* Lewis Campbell publishes The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, with a Selection from his Correspondence and Occasional Writings and a Sketch of his Contributions to Science, including some of Maxwell's verses.
* Archaeologist Robert Munro publishes Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings or Crannogs.

## Births

* 6 January – Alexander Gray, economist, poet and translator (died 1968)
* 2 February – Joseph Wedderburn, mathematician (died 1948)
* 20 February – Alexander Carrick, sculptor (died 1966)
* 24 April – Hugh Dowding, Air Chief Marshal (died 1970)
* 28 May – Donald McLeod, footballer (killed 1917 in Battle of Passchendaele)
* 16 June – Norah Neilson Gray, portrait painter (died 1931)
* 18 June – Thomas S. Tait, architect (died 1954)
* 8 July – John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley, civil servant and politician (died 1958)
* 2 November – Frederick Farrell, watercolourist, war artist (died 1935)
* John Alexander Stewart, orientalist (died 1948)

## Deaths

* 17 January – Sir Daniel Macnee, portrait painter (born 1806)
* 23 January – Robert Christison, toxicologist, physician and president of the British Medical Association (1875) (born 1797)
* 7 March – John Muir, Indologist (born 1810)
* 10 March – Sir Charles Wyville Thomson, marine zoologist (born 1830)
* 11 May – John Brown, physician and writer (born 1810)

## The arts

* American scholar Francis James Child begins publication of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, the Child Ballads.
* Gaelic poet William Livingston (Uilleam Macdhunleibhe)'s collected works are published posthumously as Duain agus Orain.
# Ihsan Al Jabri

Ihsan Al Jabri (Arabic: إحسان الجابري) (1879- 1980) was a Syrian politician and nationalist. He was elected as a member (MP) of the Syrian Parliament in 1954 and was the mayor of Latakia in 1937
Al Jabri cofounded and coedited the newspaper La Nation Arabe with Shakib Arslan in Geneva in 1930. It intended to raise attention and action against European imperial control of Arab countries, and Zionist projects in the region of Palestine.
# Chittenden-9 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012

The Chittenden-9 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.
The Chittenden-9 District consists of the part of Chittenden County town of Milton not included in Grand Isle-Chittenden-1-1
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Chittenden-9 District had a population of 8,183 in that same census, 0.8% above the state average.

## District representatives

* Kevin J. Endres, Republican
* Donald H. Turner, Republican
# Palau-sator

Palau-sator (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Girona within the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 12.37 square kilometres (4.78 sq mi), and included a population of 295 in 2018.
Palau-sator lies on an inland stage of the GR 92 long distance footpath, between Torroella de Montgrí and Begur.
The Rural Museum of Palau-sator was inaugurated in 1996, and features a collection of traditional farming equipment, carriages, carts, and tools that were once used by local farmers. There are also displays of chores and other items that may be found in rural farmhouses.
# Emirates Centre for Human Rights

The Emirates Centre for Human Rights (ECHR) is a British-based non-governmental organisation that promotes the defence of human rights in the United Arab Emirates. The ECHR also engages in advocacy to “build strong relationships with media, parliaments and other relevant organisations outside the UAE” and has organised three meetings in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in July 2012, March and July 2013.
The ECHR's website was originally registered to Malath Skahir, a former director of the Cordoba Foundation and the wife of Anas Altikriti, the current Cordoba Foundation chief executive and the key political lobbyist for the Muslim Brotherhood in Britain. Former ECHR Director Rori Donaghy says that Altikriti helped to set up the ECHR but now has nothing to do with it. As of 2015, Anas Mekdad is the director.
Current ECHR Director Anas Mekdad has made comments in favor of suicide bombings and is an outspoken supporter of Hamas. According to The Telegraph, "He is the founder of AlMakeen Network, a UK-based website which also publishes articles praising the Brotherhood, Hamas and suicide bombings."
The organisation has been quoted in the BBC, Huffington Post, and Wall Street Journal.
# Mattia Maita

Mattia Maita (born 29 July 1994 in Messina) is an Italian football player who plays as a midfielder for Serie B club Bari.

## Career

He made his Serie B debut for Reggina on 29 May 2011 in a game against Sassuolo.
On 18 January 2020, he signed with Bari and scored goal in his debut against Rieti on 19 January 2020.

## Honours

Bari
* Serie C: 2021–22 (Group C)