OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sant Martí Vell

Sant Martí Vell (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 17.48 square kilometres (6.75 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 242.

## Notable people

* Elsa Peretti (1940–2021), fashion designer; lived in the village from 1968 until her death. She contributed to many projects in the village, including rebuilding, renovation of the local church, excavation of a Roman site, and the establishment of a vineyard.
# Chairman of the Senate of Kazakhstan

The Chair of the Senate of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Сенатының Төрағасы) is the head of the upper house of the Parliament of Kazakhstan who is responsible for opening sessions, preside over regular and extraordinary joint meetings. The post was created on 30 January 1996 at the first newly Senate session opening after the 1995 Kazakh constitutional referendum which was held in 30 August 1995 that formed the Senate of Kazakhstan.

## List of chairmen

| № | Name | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Omirbek Baigeldi (1939–2024) | 30 January 1996 | 29 November 1999 |
| 2 | Oralbay Abdykarimov (1947–) | 1 December 1999 | 10 March 2004 |
| 3 | Nurtai Abykayev (1947–) | 10 March 2004 | 11 January 2007 |
| 4 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (1953–) | 11 January 2007 | 15 April 2011 |
| 5 | Kairat Mami (1955–) | 15 April 2011 | 16 October 2013 |
| 6 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (1953–) | 16 October 2013 | 20 March 2019 |
| 7 | Dariga Nazarbayeva (1963–) | 20 March 2019 | 2 May 2020 |
| 8 | Mäulen Äşimbaev (1971–) | 4 May 2020 | Present |
# David Meidan

David Meidan (Hebrew: דוד מידן; born 1955) is a former Mossad official, serving as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's coordinator on the issue of POWs and MIAs. Served as personal representative of Prime Minister Netanyahu in the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange - negotiations for the release of kidnapped IDF soldier Gilad Shalit, and was perceived as bringing closure to the deal. Recently, Meidan was also appointed as special envoy to Turkey in an effort to bring back warm relations between Israel and Turkey.

## Biography

Born in Egypt to Nathan and Rose Mosseri. In 1957, he made Aliyah with his family to Israel. Served in the army in Unit 8200. In the Mossad, he served in part as a Collecting officer in the "Tzomet" division, responsible for recruiting and activating agents and was responsible for several branches of the Mossad abroad. In 2006 he became head of the Mossad's "Tevel" division, the branch responsible for External Relations with peer organizations around the world. In his capacity he was involved in activities related to Gilad Shalit, who was captured by Hamas in June 2006.
In April 2011, Meidan was appointed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as successor to Hagai Hadas as his representative in the negotiations to release Gilad Shalit, and was a key member of the Israeli delegation who worked with government officials in Egypt outlining the deal for Shalit's release. As part of his role he met with the various parties, and was in touch with the Shalit family. After six months of activity in this position, an agreement between Israel and Hamas was reached, signed on 6 October 2011, in which Shalit was released in return for the release of 1,027 Palestinians terrorists imprisoned in Israel. After the swap-deal was approved by the Government of Israel, Meidan went to Egypt to coordinate the technical arrangements of the swap. He was the first Israeli representative to receive Gilad Shalit at Kerem Shalom border crossing.
In November 2011, he was appointed coordinator on behalf of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on the issue of POWs and MIAs.
Meidan is married to Daphne, and a father of two daughters.
# Table tennis at the 1987 Pan American Games
## Events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles details | Gideon Joe Ng Canada | Sean O'Neill United States | Cláudio Kano Brazil |
| Men's singles details | Gideon Joe Ng Canada | Sean O'Neill United States | Carlos Issamu Kawai Brazil |
| Women's singles details | Insook Bhushan United States | Mariann Domonkos Canada | Mónica Liyau Peru |
| Women's singles details | Insook Bhushan United States | Mariann Domonkos Canada | Carmen Miranda Yera Cuba |
| Men's doubles details | Canada Gideon Joe Ng Horatio Pintea | Brazil Hugo Hoyama Cláudio Kano | Chile Marcos Núñez Jorge Gambra |
| Men's doubles details | Canada Gideon Joe Ng Horatio Pintea | Brazil Hugo Hoyama Cláudio Kano | Dominican Republic Mario Álvarez Juan Vila |
| Women's doubles details | Cuba Carmen Miranda Yera Marisel Ramirez | Canada Mariann Domonkos Thanh Mach | Cuba Madeleine Armas Marta Báez |
| Women's doubles details | Cuba Carmen Miranda Yera Marisel Ramirez | Canada Mariann Domonkos Thanh Mach | Ecuador Patricia Cabrera Betty Guamancera |
| Mixed doubles details | United States Khoa Nguyen Insook Bhushan | United States Sean O'Neill Diana Gee | Canada Joe Ng Mariann Domonkos |
| Mixed doubles details | United States Khoa Nguyen Insook Bhushan | United States Sean O'Neill Diana Gee | Venezuela Francisco Lopez Elizabeth Popper |
| Men's team details | Brazil Cláudio Kano Hugo Hoyama Carlos Kawai | United States James Butler Khoa Nguyen Sean O'Neill Quang Bui | Canada Joe Ng Horatio Pintea Cristopher Chu |
| Women's team details | United States Insook Bhushan Diana Gee Lisa Gee Takako Tren Holme | Cuba Madeleine Armas Marta Báez Carmem Miranda Yera Maricel Ramirez | Canada Mariann Domonkos Thanh Mach Helene Bedard |

## Medal table

| Place | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | United States | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
| 2 | Canada | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 3 | Cuba | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | Brazil | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 5 | Chile | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | Dominican Republic | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | Ecuador | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | Peru | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | Venezuela | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 7 | 7 | 12 | 26 |
# Sailing at the 1983 Pan American Games
## Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Sailboard details | Nilo Dzib Mexico | Doug Mart United States | Raines Kobi Canada |
| Laser class details | Pedro Bulhões Brazil | Andy Roy Canada | Gonzalo José Campero Argentina |

## Open events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| J/24 class details | United States | Canada | Argentina |
| 470 class details | Brazil | United States | Canada |
| Lightning class details | Brazil | Chile | Argentina |
| Snipe class details | United States | Argentina | Uruguay |
| Soling class details | Brazil | Canada | United States |
| Star class details | United States | Brazil | Canada |

## Medal table

| Place | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | Brazil | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | United States | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| 3 | Mexico | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Canada | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 5 | Argentina | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 6 | Chile | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Uruguay | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
# Huperzia selago

Huperzia selago, the northern firmoss or fir clubmoss, is a vascular plant in the family Lycopodiaceae. It is small-ish, sturdy, stiff and upright and densely scale-leaved. This plant is an evergreen, perennial pteridophyte. The spores are produced June to September. It has a circumpolar distribution.

## Description

The dichotomous stalk of the plant is 5-20 cm with the branches being of same length with one another. The leaves are densely spiral, flat and needle-like, 4-8 mm long. The sporangium are at the base of the leaves of the shoot's top. There are often bulbils in the leaf axils.

## Distribution and habitat

It is a circumpolar plant, found in the northern parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. It is found in sandy pits, ditches, along lakeshores, heathland and in conifer swamps. In the northeastern United States, it is found in boreal habitat, but not alpine zones.
In Europe, its range extends from Svalbard to the mountains of northern Spain and Italy, and from the British Isles east through central Asia to the Kamchatka peninsula, Japan, the Aleutian Islands, North America, Greenland and Iceland.

## Uses

"Upper Tanana Indians used the whole plant in a poultice applied to the head for headaches".
In Finnish traditional medicine this plant has been used as a remedy against rickets.
This toxic plant, containing lycopodium alkaloid has been used as an emetic and a remedy against maggots in Finnish traditional medicine.
# Maike Becker

Maike Balthazar (née Maike Becker 12 April 1962 in Esens, Lower Saxony) is a German handball player and coach who played for the West German national team. She represented West Germany at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where the West German team placed fourth. She played for TuS Esens, MTV Aurich, VfL Oldenburg, TuS Walle Bremen and Harpstedter TB. In 1981 she won the DHB-pokal with VfL Oldenburg.

## Coaching career

From 2002 to 2011 she was a part of the coaching staff at VfL Oldenburg, where she had also played. From 2002 to 2006 as assistant and from 2006 to 2011 as Youth Coordinator. In this perioed she was also coaching the German youth national team.
In 2011 she became the became the youth coach at Bayer 04 Leverkusen, where she was until 2013.
In December 2017 she became the head coach of VfL Oldenburg.

## Private life

She has a degree in pedagogy.
# 2007 Karbala mosque bombings

The 2007 Karbala bombings refer to a series of bombings in Karbala, Iraq in April 2007.

## Imam Hussein Mosque bombing

A suicide bomber killed at least 42 people in Karbala on 14 April and injured more than 160. The attacker detonated explosives at a crowded bus station in the city close to a shrine holy to Shia Muslims, at around 09:15.

## Hazrat Abbas Mosque bombing

A car bomb exploded in front of the Shia Abbas ibn Ali shrine on 28 April. The bomb killed at least 68 people and injured about 170 in the Iraqi city of Karbala. The bomb exploded near the golden-domed mosque. Karbala is considered the second most important shrine city for the Shia. Security officials said the car bomb was parked near a cement barrier intended to keep traffic away from the Imam Abbas and Imam Hussein shrines, which draw thousands of Shiite pilgrims from Iran and other countries.
# Yossi Alpher

Yossi (Joseph) Alpher (Hebrew: יוסי אלפר) is an Israeli columnist and writer on Israel-related Middle East strategic issues. Alpher is best known as the author of the prize winning Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies, as well as coeditor of Bitterlemons in collaboration with Ghassan Khatib, a former vice president of Bir Zeit University. In recent years, Alpher has been extensively interviewed in documentaries about the Mossad.

## Biography

Alpher graduated from Columbia University in 1964 before serving in the Israel Defense Forces as an Intelligence officer, followed by service in the Mossad. From 1981 to 1995, he was associated with the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (JCSS) at Tel Aviv University, ultimately serving as director of the center. While at the Jaffee Center, Alpher coordinated and coedited the JCSS research project on options for a Palestinian settlement, and produced "The Alpher Plan" for an Israeli-Palestinian territorial settlement. From 1995 to 2000 he served as director of the American Jewish Committee's Israel/Middle East Office in Jerusalem. In July 2000 (during the 2000 Camp David Summit) he served as Special Adviser to the Prime Minister of Israel, working with Prime Minister Ehud Barak on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
Alpher writes Hard Questions, Tough Answers, a weekly security Q&A for Americans for Peace Now.

## Published works

* And The Wolf Shall Dwell With The Wolf: the Settlers and the Palestinians (Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2001, Hebrew).
* Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015).
* Medina Bodeda (Matar Publications, 2015, Hebrew).
* No End of Conflict: Rethinking Israel-Palestine (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016).
* Winners and Losers in the ‘Arab Spring’: Profiles in Chaos (Routledge, 2020).
# Kakarmatta

Bajardiha is a census town in Varanasi tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The census town does not have a gram panchayat. Bajardiha Census town is about 6 kilometers South of Varanasi railway station, 320 kilometers South-East of Lucknow and 266 kilometers West of Patna.

## Demography

Bajardiha has 1,141 families with a total population of 7,377. Sex ratio of the census town is 915 and child sex ratio is 1,066. Uttar Pradesh state average for both ratios is 912 and 902 respectively.
| Details | Male | Female | Total | Comments |
| Number of houses | - | - | 1141 | (census 2011) |
| Adult | 3,853 | 3,524 | 6,472 | (census 2011) |
| Children | - | - | 905 | (census 2011) |
| Total population | - | - | 7,377 | (census 2011) |
| Literacy | 87.9% | 73.8% | 81.2% | (census 2011) |

## Transportation

Bajardiha is connected by air (Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport), by train (Varanasi railway station) and by road. Nearest operational airports is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport and nearest operational railway station is Manduadih Railway station Varanasi railway station (28 and 1 & 6 kilometers respectively from Bajardiha).
# Sam Edwards (rugby union)

Sam Edwards (born 14 June 2002) is an English professional rugby union player who is as a scrum half for Premiership Rugby side Bristol Bears.

## Club career

Edwards played for Leicester Tigers, making debut in the Premiership Rugby Cup during the 2021–22 season. He signed a senior academy contract with the club in January 2023. He made four Rugby Premiership appearances for Leicester prior to spending the majority of the 2023–24 season on loan at RFU Championship side Cambridge.
He joined Bristol Bears in April 2024. He made his debut for Bristol against Bedford Blues in the Premiership Rugby Cup on 2 November 2024.

## International career

He represented England at U20 level.
# Paris Adot

Paris Alejandro Adot Barandiaran (born 26 February 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right back for Algeciras.

## Club career

Born in Pamplona, Navarre, Adot made his senior debut with SD Lagunak in the 2009–10 season, in the regional leagues. In 2010 he joined Cádiz CF, being assigned to the reserves in Tercera División.
In 2012, after playing as a winger for UD Mutilvera and scoring a career-best seven goals, Adot signed for CD Izarra in Segunda División B. On 30 June 2013, he moved to another reserve team, CA Osasuna B in division four.
On 1 September 2014, Adot returned to Izarra, with the side now in the fourth division. The following 3 July, he moved to CD Tudelano in the third level, and continued to appear in the category in the following three seasons, representing Real Murcia, CE Sabadell FC and CD Mirandés; with the latter, he achieved promotion to Segunda División in 2019.
On 4 July 2019, free agent Adot agreed to a two-year deal with second division side AD Alcorcón. He made his professional debut on 18 August, starting in a 1–0 away defeat of CD Numancia.
On 24 August 2020, Adot terminated his contract with the Alfareros, and signed for fellow league team SD Ponferradina the following day.
On 30 June 2023, following Ponferradina's relegation, Adot joined Primera Federación side, Deportivo La Coruña on a two-year contract. Roughly one year later, after helping Dépor in their promotion to the second division, he left the club.
On 10 August 2024, Adot signed with Algeciras in the third tier.
# Toby Fricker

Toby Fricker (born 20 July 1995) is a rugby union player, who plays as a winger for Bristol Bears in the Gallagher Premiership. He has previously played for the Dragons, the Ospreys, and the New England Free Jacks.

## Club career

While playing at Ebbw Vale RFC in 2018 he was named the Welsh Premiership Newcomer of the Year. He featured on 3 occasions for the Dragons in the 2017–18 Anglo Welsh Cup.
He joined the Bristol Bears in 2019 on a two-year contract following a season-ending shoulder injury to Ryan Edwards. His debut came on 20 September 2019 in a Premiership Rugby Cup game against Harlequins. He played for 73 minutes in the 24–12 loss. While at Bristol he featured for Hartpury University on loan.
In August 2023 he featured as a guest player in the Northampton Saints preseason game against Bedford Blues, coming off the bench in a 33–24 loss.
He signed for the Ospreys ahead of the 2023–24 United Rugby Championship season. However, only featured once, a single start against the Hollywoodbets Sharks, before moving state side to join reigning MLR champions the New England Free Jacks. He started in the 2024 Major League Rugby final winning 11–20 against the Seattle Seawolves.]
On 8 October 2024, Fricker returns to England to re-sign with Bristol Bears on a three-month deal to provide injury cover in their backline.

## International career

In 2017, Fricker featured for Wales in the Rugby Europe Sevens Grand Prix Series. Playing in the Moscow and Clermont-Ferrand Sevens. He also represented Wales Students.
In August 2023 he was named in the Barbarians F.C. squad for their match against Samoa. He started on the wing in the 28–14 loss.
In June 2024 he was named as a non-travelling reserve for the USA's summer test matches. He qualifies for the United States through his mother who was born in New Orleans.

## Honours
### Wales Sevens

* Moscow Sevens Challenge Trophy
** Runners-up: (1) 2017

### Bristol Bears

* EPCR Challenge Cup
** Champions: (1) 2019–20

### New England Free Jacks

* Major League Rugby
** Champions: (1) 2024

### Individual

* Welsh Premiership Newcomer of the Year: (1) 2018
# Underriver

Underriver is a village about 3 miles (5 km) south-east of Sevenoaks, Kent. It is in the civil parish of Seal.
The name "Underriver", standardised from Underevere, is derived from the Old English Sub le Ryver which translates into modern English as "(Place) under the hill-brow". OE under + yfer - the edge or brow of a hill.
The village's church, St Margaret's, is a Grade II listed building. It was built in 1867 to the designs of George Gilbert Scott.
Until the early 20th century, Underriver had its own school, forge, post office, pub and church. Today only the pub and the church remain. The other buildings have since been converted into housing.
Underriver also has its own village hall and an active village association.

## Aircraft accident

On 22 August 1927, a Fokker F.VIII of KLM crashed at Underriver following structural failure of the tailfin, killing one of the eleven people on board.
# Perth Electric Tramway Society

vtePerth Electric Tramway Society :
Legend :
The Perth Electric Tramway Society is a tram preservation society in Perth, Western Australia. It operates a heritage tramway in Whiteman Park.

## History

Following the closure of the Perth trolleybus system in August 1969, the Western Australian Electric Transport Association was formed. In November 1981, the association split into two societies; the Perth Electric Tramway Society (PETS) and the Bus Preservation Society of Western Australia.
Having previously stabled its collection in Casteldare, in 1982 the Metropolitan Regional Planning Authority granted the PETS permission to build a museum within Whiteman Park. It was officially opened on 21 September 1986. Initially operating a fleet of W-class Melbourne trams, the society has gradually restored Western Australian trams to service.

## Collection

As at August 2022, PETS owned 29 trams and three trolleybuses. The trams came from Perth (11), Melbourne (8), Fremantle (4), Adelaide (2), Kalgoorlie (2), Ballarat (1) and Brisbane (1). The trolleybuses all come from Perth. Because the society's tramway is standard gauge, West Australian trams have had to be regauged from their original narrow gauge when restored for operation.

## Operations

The PETS tramway operates regular services within Whiteman Park along a 2.5 km route between Village Junction and Mussell Pool. Trams connect to the Bennett Brook Railway at both ends of the line.
While trams used to also operate to the Dumpellier Drive entrance to Whiteman Park, this section of the tramway has been disused for a number of years.

## Connecting service

As part of the development of Whiteman Park railway station on the Ellenbrook railway line, the tramway was extended by 1.4 kilometres to the new station. The extension opened on 8 December 2024.
# Yangzhou fried rice

Yangzhou fried rice, also known by several other spellings and names, is a popular Chinese wok-fried rice dish. There are many varieties but it most properly describes egg fried rice with mixed vegetables and two forms of protein, typically pork and shrimp with scallions.

## Names

Yangzhou fried rice is a calque of the Chinese name written 揚州炒飯 in traditional characters or 扬州炒饭 in simplified ones, pronounced Yángzhōu chǎofàn in Mandarin or joeng4 zau1 caau2 faan6 in Cantonese. Although it did not originate there, it is named for Yangzhou, an ancient city at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal in eastern China. "Yangzhou" is the pinyin romanization devised in the 1950s and very gradually introduced across the rest of the world. The dish is also frequently known as Yangchow fried rice from the same name's Postal Map form and as Yeung Chow fried rice from irregular romanization of its Cantonese pronunciation.
The same dish is also known in Australia and New Zealand as "combination fried rice". Less often, it is known in the United States as "house fried rice".

## Ingredients

The difference between Yangzhou fried rice and ordinary fried rice is that Yangzhou style invariably includes a combination of proteins. Rather than using a single protein like shrimp or pork or chicken as the dominant ingredient in fried rice, Yangzhou uses a variety. Most commonly used is a combination of pork and shrimp; roasted or boiled chicken and duck are also found. Ordinarily, some of its staple items include:
* Rice
* Egg
* Diced Chinese-style roast pork (char siu)
* Shrimp
* Chopped scallions, including the green end
* Vegetables such as Chinese broccoli (gai lan), carrots, peas, corn, and bamboo shoots
The peas may be a replacement or an addition for the green onions. Some recipes include Shaoxing wine. Some western Chinese restaurants also use soy sauce to flavor the rice, and add meat such as chicken.

## History

Yangzhou fried rice was first popularized by the Qing official Yi Bingshou [zh] (t 伊秉綬, s 伊秉绶, Yī Bǐngshòu; 1754–1815), who had previously been the prefect of Yangzhou and is also traditionally credited for yi mein. Still, there have been attempts by people in Yangzhou to patent the dish.
In October 2015, as part of the 2,500th anniversary of the town of Yangzhou, an attempt was made in Yangzhou at beating the previous world record for fried rice set in 2014 by the Turkey culinary federation. The attempt, made by the World Association of Chinese Cuisine resulted in 4,192 kilograms (9,242 lb) of Yangzhou fried rice being produced by a team of 300 cooks. The organizers initially planned to send the end product to five companies for consumption by their staff. However, about 150 kilograms (330 lb) of it ended up as pig swill, as it had been cooked for four hours and was felt unsuitable for human consumption. As per the organizers' intents, the rest was sent to local canteens. However, due to a part of it being sent to feed animals, the world record attempt was disqualified, as a Guinness World Records spokesman said that it had become obvious that the dish was not fit for human consumption.