OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Prince Miller

David Prince Miller (1809–1873) was a Scottish showman and magician who founded several Adelphi Theatres in at least Glasgow, Coatbridge and Dumbarton.
Conceptual, he created the idea of reduced Shakespeare plays, creating plays which lasted twenty minutes, an idea later followed by the Reduced Shakespeare Company.

## Career

From around 1825, he appeared as an illusionist in small theatres and halls in England and southern Scotland.
He came to Glasgow in July 1839 from Dalkeith, setting up a show on Glasgow Green during the Glasgow Fair. Other acts at the same fair included John Henry Anderson.
Although Miller only charged one penny for entrance, he netted £70 during the fair (the equivalent of £7,500 in 2020) and was able to reinvest this money in his travelling show which he took to Stirling, Cupar, Dundee, Perth, Kirkcaldy, St Andrews and Dunfermline. He over-wintered in Airdrie before starting the circle again in 1840.
In 1842 (using his profits from the travelling show), he built the Sans Pareil Theatre (holding 1,200 people) near the Saltmarket in central Glasgow and the Adelphi Theatre (holding 2,500 people) on the edge of Glasgow Green.
The Adelphi was one of only two large theatres at that time and was in rivalry with Anderson's Theatre Royal. Miller targeted the poorer residents of the city.
In 1845, he is listed as "Manager of the Adelphi Theatre", living at 4 Steel Street, close to Glasgow Green. The theatre was timber-built and huge, even by modern standards, holding 2,500 spectators. A false alarm in the theatre caused a panic in which an 18-year-old boy received fatal injuries.
In 1848, he sold the theatre to James Calvert of Dublin. It burnt down soon after.
Miller went on tour with a show called Through Fire and Water. In 1855, Miller was on tour with a play concerning his own life: The Ups and Downs of Life which was performed at the Royal Clarence Theatre in London.
In 1863, in partnership with a Walter Edwin, he built an Adelphi Theatre in Coatbridge, holding an audience of 1,500. Roughly at the same time, he also opened an Adelphi Theatre in Dumbarton.
In later life, he ran the Prince's Mall Theatre. He was then living at 48 London Street in the centre.
The Adelphi Theatre in Coatbridge was renamed the Princess Theatre in 1873 having been sold to new owners.

## Personal life

He was married with a namesake son, David Prince Miller, and daughter, Elizabeth Miller.

### Death

He died on 24 May 1873. He is buried in the lower south section of Glasgow Necropolis.

## Other works

In 1853, he published a book of his struggles, entitled The Life of a Showman.
# Decline and Fall (song)

"Decline and Fall" (stylised as "Decline & Fall") is a song by Manic Street Preachers, released as the lead single from their 15th studio album Critical Thinking, on 29 August 2024, with a YouTube lyric video released on 3 September 2024. The song was written by Manics band members Nicky Wire, James Dean Bradfield and Sean Moore, but also gives credit to Chris Difford and Glenn Tilbrook of the band Squeeze as it features a rhythmic sample from the breakdown in the middle of their 1979 hit "Cool for Cats".

## Background and production

Regarding the song, Manic Street Preachers bassist and lyricist Nicky Wire stated "It has a lot of energy, even though I don’t feel particularly energised." Manics described the song as an attempt "to create forward motion – a song which harnesses the past to propel it into the future – the lyric is one of realisation and understanding – of celebrating the tiny miracles that still exist whilst accepting and embracing managed decline". The song was recorded at Door To The River and Rockfield Studios, and was produced by Dave Eringa and Loz Williams and mixed by Caesar Edmunds. The song features inspiration from the bands Skids and Simple Minds.

## Critical reception

Will Ainsley from The Quietus praises the song for "deal[ing] in galactic heartland rock, all thunderous energy and chiming pianos". Danny Eccleston from Mojo praised the song for utilising "one of [Manics'] strongest tunes since 1996 LP Everything Must Go."

## Personnel

Manic Street Preachers
* James Dean Bradfield – lead vocals, guitar, piano
* Nicky Wire – vocals, bass guitar
* Sean Moore – drums
# Nichols Memorial Library

The Nichols Memorial Library is a historic library building on Main Street in Kingston, New Hampshire, United States. Built in 1898, it is distinctive statewide as the only local library building exhibiting Shingle style and Richardsonian Romanesque features. It was used as the town library until 2012, and now houses the town's research collection and archives. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

## Description and history

The former Nichols Memorial Library building stands in the village center of Kingston, at the eastern corner of Main and Depot Streets. The building is a single-story irregular stone structure with a red slate hip roof, and a fieldstone chimney at one side. A semicircular section projects from the front facade, just to the right of the main entrance, which is sheltered under an eyebrow-gabled portico. Window openings are generally square or rectangular and vary in size. The largest of them have stained glass transoms depicting the marks of historic early bookmakers.
The building was designed by Dwight and Chandler of Boston and completed in 1898. It was built as a gift to the town by Kingston native J. Howard Nichols, a Boston industrialist and philanthropist. The building is distinctive statewide as the only local library building exhibiting Shingle style and Richardsonian Romanesque features. The building served as a library until 2012, when the library relocated to new quarters at 2 Library Lane. The building now serves as a research library, specializing in genealogical research, and is an extension of the Kingston Community Library, housing the town's archives and the Kingston Historical Museum's collections.
# Ivan Carter

Ivan Carter is a Zimbabwean conservationist, professional guide, and photographer. He is also the host of Carter's W.A.R. (Wildlife Animal Response) presented by Nosler on Outdoor Channel.

## Life

Carter was born in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to Bryan Carter, a farmer and veterinarian for a pharmaceutical company, and Claire Carter. Carter holds guiding licenses in several African countries, including Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Botswana, and Mozambique, and spends an average of 200 days a year in the field. In addition to English, he speaks two different African languages: Shona and Swahili.

## Professional career

Carter's W.A.R. (Wildlife Animal Response) debuted on Outdoor Channel in December 2015. The original TV series follows Carter as he exposes the truth about how heavily armed poachers are butchering elephants for their tusks and rhinoceros for their horns in Africa as part of his greater effort to preserve wildlife. “There is more wildlife-human conflict than there has ever been and our wildlife resources are getting squeezed,” said Carter on an NRA News interview. His aim is to advance the ideology of conservation as a life-saving process and solution for the conflict.
Carter is keen on spotlighting the conservation efforts that hunters bring. He believes it is poachers – not hunters – that condemn animals to extinction by disrespecting their place in the ecosystem. “The statistics will show that in areas with well-managed sustainable hunting, the wildlife proliferates. The wildlife populations go through the roof,” he once told The Huffington Post. In fact, he issued a challenge to non-hunters in August 2015: join him on a safari for Cape buffalo and take pictures. In return, the non-hunter would pay the same amount a hunter would expect to pay for a similar hunt, which would be between $20,000 and $25,000, which includes anti-poaching and community fees.
In November 2015, he became a Nosler Pro-Staff member.
Carter was the co-host of As Close as You Dare, a wildlife documentary focused on close up big game encounters across Zimbabwe, Botswana, Uganda, and Tanzania, which was featured on PBS in 2008 and 2009.
In 2008, he was chosen by the United States Marine Corps as a hunting and tracking subject matter expert, and he helped in the development of the “Combat Hunter” program for soldiers to use while in combat.
Carter also previously hosted Dallas Safari Club's Tracks Across Africa and Hornady's Africa, among other TV series.
In January 2003, he was listed among the best 15 Safari Guides by The Daily Telegraph newspaper.
Carter was rated by Condé Nast Traveler as of Africa's top 10 guides in October 2002.
He was recognized in the August 2001 issue of Travel + Leisure magazine in their article “Follow the Leaders” featuring the best guides in Africa.
In 2001 and again in 2003, Carter was invited by Stanford University to present lectures on “Observations of Wildlife” and “Monitoring Elephant Populations.”
He owned and operated a photographic safari business for 12 years (1992-2004) that employed almost 80 employees and serviced 500 clients annually.
# Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme

The Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme (LCVP) is a two-year optional Education Programme of the Irish Department of Education. LCVP was introduced in 1989. According to the Department of Education, the programme is designed to give a strong vocational dimension to the Leaving Certificate (established). The programme combines the virtues of academic study with a new and dynamic focus on self-directed learning, enterprise, work and the community.
The programme is aimed at young people who have completed the Junior Certificate and are entering the senior cycle of Secondary School education, but provides a stronger vocational focus than the more established Leaving Certificate. The LCVP aims to give students an opportunity to develop their interpersonal, vocational and technological skills as well as providing extra points for grades for getting into universities.
Students must pass four Leaving Certificate subjects, one of which must be Irish language [only for Irish students] and one Link Modules which is optional. Typically, students would take seven Leaving Certificate subjects along with the one link modules.
According to a 2014 report in the Irish Examiner, approximately 15,000 students took exams for the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme in that year. In comparison, overall approximately 57,000 students took exams for the Irish Leaving Certificate in the same year.
In 2018, 26% of Leaving Cert students (over 30,000 people) sat the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme.
# King's County (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

King's County was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800. The county was renamed as County Offaly after Irish independence.

## Members of Parliament

* 1585: Sir George Bouchier and Henry Waring
* 1613–1615: Adam Loftus and Sir Francis Rushe
* 1634–1635: Sir William Colley and Terence Coghlan
* 1639–1649: John Coughlan and Sir William Parsons of Birr
* 1661–1666: John Weaver and Henry Lestrange

### 1689–1801

| Election | | First member | First party | | Second member | Second party |
| 1689 Patriot Parliament | | Heward Oxburgh | | | Owen Carrol | |
| 1692 | | Sir Francis Blundell, 3rd Bt | | | Sir William Parsons | |
| 1707 | | William Purefoy | | | Sir William Parsons | |
| 1713 | | James Forth | | | John Moore | |
| 1715 | | William Purefoy | | | Sir William Parsons, 2nd Bt | |
| 1727 | | Colley Lyons | | | Sir William Parsons, 2nd Bt | |
| 1741 | | Trevor Lloyd | | | Sir Laurence Parsons, 3rd Bt | |
| 1748 | | Henry Lyons | | | Sir Laurence Parsons, 3rd Bt | |
| 1757 | | Henry Lyons | | | Sir William Parsons, 4th Bt | |
| 1768 | | John Lloyd | | | Sir William Parsons, 4th Bt | |
| 1790 | | Denis Bowes Daly | | | Sir William Parsons, 4th Bt | |
| 1791 | | Denis Bowes Daly | | | Sir Laurence Parsons, 5th Bt | Patriot |
| 1801 | Replaced by Westminster constituency King's County | Replaced by Westminster constituency King's County | Replaced by Westminster constituency King's County | Replaced by Westminster constituency King's County | Replaced by Westminster constituency King's County | Replaced by Westminster constituency King's County |
# Naas (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

Naas was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons to 1801. The Parliament of Ireland merged with the Parliament of Great Britain to form the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 1 January 1801. Thereafter Naas was represented by the Members for Kildare.

## Members of Parliament

* 1559–1560 John Sherlock and Henry Draycott
* 1585 James Sherlock and Walter Lewes
* 1613–1615 Christopher Sherlock and William Lattin
* 1634–1635 Christopher Sherlock and William Archbold
* 1639–1642 Christopher Sherlock (expelled for non-attendance) and Nicholas Sutton (expelled for rebellion)
* 1642–1649 Dr Dudley Loftus
* 1661–1662 George Carr and Sir John Hoey

### 1689–1801

| Election | First member | First party | | Second member | Second party |
| 1689 Patriot Parliament | Viscount Dungan | | | Charles White | |
| 1692 | John Aylmer | | | Nicholas Jones | |
| 1695 | Richard Nevill | | | James Barry | |
| 1703 | Alexander Gradon | | | Francis Spring | |
| 1711 | Alexander Gradon | | | James Barry | |
| 1713 | Thomas Burgh | | | Theobald Bourke | |
| 1727 | Thomas Burgh | | | John Bourke | |
| 1731 | Thomas Burgh | | | John Bourke | |
| 1759 | Richard Burgh | | | John Bourke | |
| 1761 | Richard Burgh | | | Maurice Keating | |
| 1763 | John Bourke | | | Maurice Keating | |
| 1768 | John Bourke | | | John Bourke | |
| 1777 | John Bourke | | | Thomas Allan | |
| 1783 | John Bourke | | | Hugh Carleton | |
| 1787 | John Bourke | | | Sir Richard Gorges-Meredyth, 1st Bt | |
| 1790 | John Bourke | | | John Bourke | |
| 1791 | James Bond | | | John Bourke | |
| 1795 | James Bond | | | George Damer, Viscount Milton | |
| January 1798 | Hon. Thomas Pelham | | | Hon. Francis Hely-Hutchinson | |
| 1798 | John Macartney | | | Hon. Francis Hely-Hutchinson | |
| 1801 | Constituency disenfranchised | Constituency disenfranchised | Constituency disenfranchised | Constituency disenfranchised | Constituency disenfranchised |
# Herbie Ziskend

Herbie Ziskend is an American political advisor and the White House Principal Deputy Communications Director in the Biden administration. He previously served as a senior communications advisor for Vice President Kamala Harris from 2021 to 2022, and as a policy and communications advisor to Vice President Joe Biden from 2009 to 2011.

## Education

Ziskend earned a Bachelor of Arts from Cornell University and is a graduate of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government.

## Career
### Obama administration

Ziskend was a campaign staffer on the Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign and later served as a policy and communications advisor to Vice President Joe Biden from 2009 to 2011.
During the 2008 presidential campaign, Ziskend, Eric Lesser and Arun Chaudhary organized a seder during the campaign. The tradition followed the Obama administration into the White House as the official White House Passover Seder.
After leaving the White House, Ziskend worked as chief of staff to Arianna Huffington at the Huffington Post Media Group in New York City, and as the director of public policy and rise of rest investments at Revolution LLC, an investment firm led by AOL co-founder Steve Case. Ziskend also worked as a senior vice president at SKDKnickerbocker.
# Kumara Krishnappa Nayak

Kumara Krishnappa Nayak was a ruler of the Madurai Nayak dynasty. He was the successor of King Vishwanatha Nayak. He started ruling the country after his father's death in 1564. He made Tiruchirapalli as his capital.

## Military Career

Under Kumara Krishnappa Nayak's rule, the Madurai Nayak dynasty expanded. Most of the ancient Pandyan territories came under the Nayaks under his rule.

### Rebellion of Tumbichchi Nayaka

Tumbichchi Nayaka the chief of tottiyars lead a rebellion against Krishnappa Nayaka's authority and devastated the country. Krishnappa Nayaka entrusted the army to his general Pedda Kesavappa Nayaka to quell the rebellion. Kesavappa nayaka failed to subjugate the rebellion he was defeated and killed in the battle with Tumbichchi Nayaka. Foiled in the first attempt Krishnappa Nayaka sent another army under the command of late general's son Chinna Kesava along with about a thirteen polygars the second attempt was successful Tumbichchi Nayaka was captured and Beheaded by Chinna Kesava.

### Invasion of Ceylon

Kandy Ruler Jayavira Bandara friend of Tumbichchi Nayaka Provoked to remit tribute and took over arms against Krishnappa Nayaka. Outraged at this Krishnappa called the services of his fifty two polygars with their troops embarked for Ceylon and landed at Mannar.

#### Battle of Puttalam

Kandyan ruler sent an army of 40,000 under four ministers and eight governors to repel the advancing Madurai Army a battle took place at Puttalam the kandyan army was defeated by Chinna Kesava Nayaka. 20,000 troops and few chiefs two ministers, five chieftains and others were taken as prisoners and treated with respect by Krishnappa Nayaka.

#### Second Battle of Puttalam

The captured Kandyan troops urged the king in vain to yield. The King collected 60,000 troops and 10,000 Portuguese and Marched to the battlefield a bloody battle ensued in which 8,000 Portuguese and as many Sinhalese lost their lives the Jayavira Bandara was killed in the battle. His dead body was taken due honours to the kandy Krishnappa Nayaka remained there for three days. The deceased kings family was sent to Arugam bay old capital of ceylon. After appointing his brother Vijaya Gopala Nayaka as viceroy in ceylon and arranging for regular payment of tribute Krishnappa Nayaka returned to Madurai.

### Battle of Tallikota

In 1565 the Sultan rulers of the Deccan defeated Vijayanagar, the suzerain of the Nayaks, at the battle of Talikota. Vijayanagar had to abandon their capital Vijayanagara and reestablish at Penukonda in Anantapur, then reestablish at Vellore Fort and Chandragiri near Tirupathi, which later granted land to the British East India Company to build a fort at the present day Chennai. Finally they settled at Vellore in North Arcot. Their governors at Madurai, Kalahasti, Gingee and Tanjore still paid them tribute and other marks of respect; but in later years, when their suzerainty became weak, the Nayaks ruled independently.

## Succession

Krishnappa was succeeded by his two sons Muttu Krishnappa and Muttu Virapppa in 1573.
# Sligo Borough (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

Sligo was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800.

## Members of Parliament

* 1613–1615 Henry Andrews and Edward Southworth
* 1634–1635 Arthur Jones and Edward Southworth
* 1639–1645 Keane O'Hara and Thomas Radcliffe (expelled)
* 1661–1666 Sir Henry Tichborne and Samuel Bathurst

### 1689–1801

| Election | First member | First party | | Second member | Second party |
| 1689 Patriot Parliament | Terence MacDonogh | | | James French | |
| 1692 | Percy Gethin | | | Theophilus Jones | |
| 1695 | Percy Gethin | | | Roger Smith | |
| 1703 | Percy Gethin | | | Samuel Walton | |
| 1713 | Samuel Burton | | | Owen Wynne | |
| 1727 | Francis Ormsby | | | Owen Wynne | |
| 1751 | John Wynne | | | Owen Wynne | |
| 1757 | John Wynne | | | William Ormsby | |
| 1761 | John Folliott | | | William Ormsby | |
| 1762 | Robert Scott | | | William Ormsby | |
| 1768 | John Wynne | | | William Ormsby | |
| 1776 | Owen Wynne | | | Richard Hely-Hutchinson | |
| October 1783 | Owen Wynne | | | John Foster | |
| 1783 | Owen Wynne | | | Thomas Dawson | |
| 1789 | Robert Wynne | | | Thomas Dawson | |
| May 1790 | Robert Wynne | | | John Cole, Viscount Cole | |
| 1790 | Robert Wynne | | | Owen Wynne | |
| January 1798 | Robert Wynne | | | John Cole, Viscount Cole | |
| 1798 | Robert Wynne | | | Owen Wynne | |
| 1799 | William Wynne | | | Owen Wynne | |
| 1801 | Succeeded by Westminster constituency Sligo Borough | Succeeded by Westminster constituency Sligo Borough | Succeeded by Westminster constituency Sligo Borough | Succeeded by Westminster constituency Sligo Borough | Succeeded by Westminster constituency Sligo Borough |
# Abelcourt

Abelcourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 315 | — |
| 1800 | 357 | +1.80% |
| 1806 | 267 | −4.73% |
| 1821 | 367 | +2.14% |
| 1831 | 454 | +2.15% |
| 1836 | 422 | −1.45% |
| 1841 | 401 | −1.02% |
| 1846 | 402 | +0.05% |
| 1851 | 398 | −0.20% |
| 1856 | 379 | −0.97% |
| 1861 | 385 | +0.31% |
| 1866 | 371 | −0.74% |
| 1872 | 346 | −1.16% |
| 1876 | 337 | −0.66% |
| 1881 | 329 | −0.48% |
| 1886 | 319 | −0.62% |
| 1891 | 279 | −2.64% |
| 1896 | 272 | −0.51% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 270 | −0.15% |
| 1906 | 256 | −1.06% |
| 1911 | 244 | −0.96% |
| 1921 | 192 | −2.37% |
| 1926 | 196 | +0.41% |
| 1931 | 192 | −0.41% |
| 1936 | 176 | −1.73% |
| 1946 | 164 | −0.70% |
| 1954 | 163 | −0.08% |
| 1962 | 172 | +0.67% |
| 1968 | 157 | −1.51% |
| 1975 | 144 | −1.23% |
| 1982 | 229 | +6.85% |
| 1990 | 253 | +1.25% |
| 1999 | 303 | +2.02% |
| 2009 | 330 | +0.86% |
| 2014 | 354 | +1.41% |
| 2020 | 350 | −0.19% |
Source: EHESS (1793-1999) and INSEE :
# Brachypodosaurus

Brachypodosaurus (meaning "short-footed lizard") is a dubious genus of dinosaur, possibly an ornithischian, from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian) in India.

## History and validity

As of 1934, there was very little evidence of ornithischian dinosaurs from India, with the only named taxon being the supposed stegosaur Lametasaurus named in 1924 from the Lameta Formation of Bara Simla Hill near Jabalpur. However, discussions of its classification in by Indian paleontologist Dhirendra Kishore Chakravarti showed that it was not a stegosaur or an ornithischian, leaving the only ornithischian from India as a fossil found by Chakravarti at Chota Simla Hill nearby. This fossil was also found in the Lameta Formation, but was 50–60 ft (15–18 m) above the beds where Lametasaurus was found, and was identified and described by Chakravarti in 1934 as the humerus of the new taxon Brachypodosaurus gravis. The genus name was derived from Greek βραχύς, brachys, "short", and πούς, pous, "foot", while the specific name gravis means "heavy" in Latin. Chakravarti considered Brachypodosaurus to be an armored dinosaur, considered a member of Stegosauria at the time. The holotype is IM V9.

## Classification

Chakravarti based his identification of the element as a humerus on the presence of a large crest on the shaft, which he took for the deltopectoral crest. The status as a (dinosaurian) humerus is problematic. The bone is flat, has a crest on the other side of the shaft also, is not twisted around its longitudinal axis, is strongly constricted above and below the crests and lacks a clear caput or condyles. In any case, it lacks stegosaurian synapomorphies. On the assumption it might at least be some member of the Thyreophora, it has been considered a possible ankylosaurian, the ankylosaurs being a sister group of the Stegosauria that survived into the Late Cretaceous. Even then, however, it was considered a nomen dubium as so few remains of the animal have been found. In 2004, Matthew Lamanna e.a. considered it unlikely that any Ornithischia were present in the Maastrichtian of India. The other Late Cretaceous genus from India originally described as a stegosaur, Dravidosaurus, is also of dubious validity, potentially based on plesiosaurian remains.