OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bugyals

Bugyals are alpine pasture lands, or meadows in India, in higher elevation range between 3,300 metres (10,800 ft) and 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) of the Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, where they are called "nature’s own gardens". The topography of the terrain is either flat or sloped. The surface of these bugyals is covered with natural green grass and seasonal flowers. They are used by tribal herdsmen to graze their cattle. During the winter season the alpine meadows remain snow-covered. During summer months, the Bugyals present a riot of beautiful flowers and grass. As bugyals constitute very fragile ecosystems, particular attention needs to be given for their conservation.
Some of the notable bugyals are: Auli near Joshimath, Garsi, Kwanri, Gulabi Kantha, Bedni, Panwali Kantha and Kush Kalyan, Dayara, Gidara, Bagji Bugyal and Munsiyari.

## List of Bugyals

| Place | District |
| Ali Bugyal | Chamoli |
| Auli Bugyal | Chamoli |
| Bagji Bugyal | Chamoli |
| Bedni Bugyal | Chamoli |
| Chainsheel Bugyal | Uttarkashi |
| Chopta Bugyal | Rudraprayag |
| Dayara Bugyal | Uttarkashi |
| Gidara Bugyal | Uttarkashi |
| Gorson Bugyal | Chamoli |
| Gulabi Kantha Bugyal | Uttarkashi |
| Har Ki Doon Bugyal | Uttarkashi |
| Helsi Bugyal | Tehri Garhwal |
| Kedar Kantha Bugyal | Uttarkashi |
| Khaliya Bugyal | Pithoragarh |
| Kush Kalyan Bugyal | Tehri Garhwal |
| Madhyamaheshwar Bugyal | Chamoli |
| Moila Bugyal | Dehradun |
| Moth Bugyal | Rudraprayag |
| Nag Tibba Bugyal | Tehri Garhwal |
| Panar Bugyal | Chamoli |
| Panwali Kantha Bugyal | Tehri Garhwal |
| Pushtara Bugyal | Uttarkashi |
| Nawali Bugyal | Chamoli |

## Conservation issues

Bugyal is a fragile ecosystem and it is essential to maintain a balance between ecology and environment. In this context a court case was filed by the public objecting to erection of the prefab houses and by introducing non-biodegradable matter in the upper meadows of the bugyals by the tourism departments. It was averred that the peace and tranquility of the bugyals was getting affected. The court had ordered that the polluter must pay for the damage to environment based on absolute liability principle, which covered payment of damages to the affected people but also to compensate for all costs for restoration of the degraded environments.
# Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen

Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen (1621/22 – 17 August 1676) was one of the most notable German authors of the 17th century. He is best known for his 1669 picaresque novel Simplicius Simplicissimus (German: Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus) and the accompanying Simplician Scriptures series.

## Early life

Grimmelshausen was born at Gelnhausen. At the age of ten, he was kidnapped by Hessian soldiers, and in their midst experienced military life in the Thirty Years' War. In 1639, he became a regular soldier in the Imperial Army. At the latest, in the year 1644 he worked as a writer in a regiment's chancellery—from that year on documents by Hans Jakob Christoffel exist. At the close of the war, Grimmelshausen entered the service of Franz Egon von Fürstenberg, Catholic bishop of Strasbourg. Subsequent to the peace, Grimmelshausen converted to Catholicism, although certain accounts indicate that his conversion occurred in the late 1630s. In 1665, he was made magistrate (German: Schultheiß) at Renchen in Baden. On obtaining this appointment, he devoted himself to literary pursuits.

## Works

Grimmelshausen's work is greatly influenced by previous utopian and travel literature, and the Simplicissimus series attained a readership larger than any other seventeenth-century novel. Formerly, he was credited with Der fliegende Wandersmann nach dem Mond, a translation from Jean Baudoin's L'Homme dans la Lune, itself a translation of Francis Godwin's The Man in the Moone, but recent scholars have disputed this; he did, however, write an appendix to a 1667 edition of that translation, the basis for that association. Der fliegende Wandersman was included in his collected works, though without the appendix.
In 1668, Grimmelshausen published Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus, which has been called the greatest German novel of the 17th century. For this work he took as his model the picaresque romances of Spain, already to some extent known in Germany. Simplicissimus has been interpreted as its author's autobiography; he begins with the childhood of his hero, and describes the latter's adventures amid the stirring scenes of the Thirty Years' War. The rustic detail with which these pictures are presented makes the book a valuable document of its time. For some, however, the later parts of the book overindulge in allegory, and finally become a Robinson Crusoe story.
Among Grimmelshausen's other works, are the so-called Simplicianische Schriften (German: Simplizianische Schriften):
* Die Ertzbetrügerin and Landstörtzerin Courasche (1670)
* Der seltsame Springinsfeld (1670)
* Das wunderbarliche Vogelnest (1672)
He also published satires, such as Der teutsche Michel (1673), and gallant novels, like Dietwald und Amelinde (1670).

## Death and legacy

Grimmelshausen died in Renchen in 1676, where a monument was erected to him in 1879.
His Landstörtzerin Courasche became an inspiration for Bertolt Brecht's play Mother Courage and Her Children.
Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus lent its name to Simplicissimus, a satirical German weekly which ran from 1894 to 1944 and 1954 to 1967.
# List of diplomatic missions of Fiji

This is a list of diplomatic missions of Fiji, which are maintained by the country's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

## Americas

* United States
** Washington, D.C. (Embassy)

## Asia

* China
** Beijing (Embassy)
** Shanghai (Consulate-General)
* India
** New Delhi (High Commission)
* Indonesia
** Jakarta (Embassy)
* Japan
** Tokyo (Embassy)
* United Arab Emirates
** Abu Dhabi (Embassy)

## Europe

* Belgium
** Brussels (Embassy)
* United Kingdom
** London (High Commission)

## Oceania

* Australia
** Canberra (High Commission)
** Sydney (Consulate-General)
* New Zealand
** Wellington (High Commission)
* Papua New Guinea
** Port Moresby (High Commission)

## Missions to open

* Israel
** Jerusalem (Embassy)

## Multilateral organisations

* United Nations
** New York City (Permanent Mission)
** Geneva (Permanent Mission)

## Gallery

* High Commission in Canberra
* High Commission in London
* Building hosting the Embassy in Tokyo
* High Commission in Wellington
# P. Balasubramanian

P. Balasubramanian was the Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for the Pattukkottai constituency from 1996 to 2001. He was a candidate for the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
# Rustam Bhatti

Rustam Bhatti (born February 18, 1990, in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Canadian cricketer of Pakistani origin who represents the Canada national cricket team. He is a right hand batsman who has also captained the Canada U-19 cricket team.
Bhatti scored 175 runs during the U-19 World Cup Qualifiers, including one half-century, and has gained first-class cricket experience while playing for Canada in the ICC Intercontinental Cup.
# Yusuf Scott

Yusuf Jamall Scott (November 30, 1976 – November 9, 2019) was an American professional football offensive guard who played three seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Arizona, and was recognized as an outstanding offensive lineman during his junior year.

## College career

Scott played college football at the University of Arizona as offensive linebacker under Coach Dick Tomey from 1996 to 1998. He was made captain during the Wildcats' 12–1 season in 1998, and helped them get to the Holiday Bowl in San Diego where they defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 23–20. The Arizona Wildcats finished No. 4 in the AP Top 25 poll, and the Morris Trophy, awarded to the best offensive and defensive linebackers in a season, as selected by opposing players, was won by Scott that year. He was an All-Pac-10 selection, as well. During his senior year, he declared for the NFL and was drafted in the fifth round by the Arizona Cardinals.

## Professional career

Scott was selected in the fifth round of the 1999 NFL draft. Scott played offensive guard for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League between 1999 and 2001. In 2002, he played for the Berlin Thunder of NFL Europe. That year, the Thunder reached World Bowl X, where they defeated the Rhein Fire 26–20 in front of a record 53,109 fans, winning the NFL Europe championship for the second year in a row.
# Mad Season (song)

"Mad Season" is a song by American rock band Matchbox Twenty, released as the third single from their second album, Mad Season (2000), on February 26, 2001. The song peaked at number 48 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top 50 in Australia and New Zealand. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number 76 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Background and writing

Rob Thomas told Billboard magazine that the song took a more universal tone but was originally about "the wild ride that the band has been on since success hit. The whole idea came from out mad season," he says. "It has nothing to do with being bad, it's just crazy. There are no handbooks for any of this."

## Music video

The song's music video, directed by Phil Harder, shows the band getting off a plane, surrounded by screaming fans trying to grab them. They are wearing what appear to be special passes, which say "Rock Star" on them, around their necks. Police are there trying to keep everything under control. The band eventually make it safely into their limousine, but then the crowd climbs all over the car, and it cannot go anywhere. The police fail to keep things under control, and the fans break the windows of the limousine. When they get inside, they rip the "Rock Star" passes off the band members, and then leave. This suggests that they did not really care about the band; they just wanted the passes.

## Track listings

* UK and European CD single
* "Mad Season"
* "Long Day" (live)
* "Back 2 Good" (live)
* Australian CD single
* "Mad Season" (album version)
* "If You're Gone" (album version)
* "Long Day" (live)

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| Australia | February 26, 2001 | CD | AtlanticLavaMelisma |
| United States | April 2, 2001 | Triple A radio | AtlanticLavaMelisma |
| United States | April 3, 2001 | Contemporary hitalternative radio | AtlanticLavaMelisma |
| United Kingdom | June 18, 2001 | CDcassette | AtlanticLavaMelisma |
# Catasauqua station

Catasauqua station was a Lehigh Valley Railroad station in Catasauqua, Pennsylvania. It was located on the Lehigh Valley main line.
Lehigh Valley service to Catasauqua began on July 4, 1855, roughly a month after the company opened its original line between Allentown and Easton, Pennsylvania. As was common for that era, it used a locally-constructed building. The company completed more permanent passenger and freight houses in 1861. One historian characterized the buildings in Catasauqua in the late nineteenth century as "rag-tag"; a state of affairs which came to end when a runaway railway car damaged the buildings in 1904.
The new brick passenger station in Catasauqua was constructed in 1905–1906. Amenities included a waiting room, agent's room, and a baggage room. Economic hardship led to the station's closure on June 30, 1933. Some local trains continued to stop there into the late 1930s. The station building was demolished in 1941.
# Charles Previté-Orton

Charles William Previté-Orton FBA (16 January 1877 – 11 March 1947) was a British medieval historian and the first Professor of Medieval History at the University of Cambridge on the establishment of the position in 1937.
Previté-Orton was born on 16 January 1877 in Arnesby in Leicestershire, the son of William Previté (later Previté Orton), vicar of Arnesby, and Elizabeth Swaffield Orton. After losing an eye at the age of 14, he was not sufficiently well to attend university until 1905 at the age of 28. By that time, he had already published a book of verse entitled Cinara and Other Poems (1900). A scholar of St John's College, Cambridge, he was placed in the first class of each part of the history tripos and was elected a fellow of his college in 1911, where he remained for the duration of his life. From 1925 to 1938 he was editor of the English Historical Review; he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1929 and was appointed as Cambridge's first Professor of Medieval History in 1937, holding the position until 1942. He died on 11 March 1947.
Previté-Orton's major work, in conjunction with Zachary Nugent Brooke, was to oversee as editor the later volumes of the eight-volume Cambridge Medieval History, completed in 1937. However, he achieved his greatest historical influence among general readers rather than scholars through his three general textbooks, Outlines of Medieval History (1916), Methuen's textbook A History of Europe, 1198–1378 (1937), and the posthumously published Shorter Cambridge Medieval History (2 vols., 1952).
According to Barrie Dobson, who would some four decades later succeed to the chair of medieval history at Cambridge,
   in the opinion of those who knew him personally, as a scholar Previté was lucid and accurate but passionless rather than original. As an editor, however, he was critical, shrewd, painstaking, and generous: few scholars made so sustained a contribution to the reputation of medieval studies at Cambridge during the first half of the twentieth century.
In 1913, Previté-Orton married his first cousin, Ellery Swaffield Orton; they had a daughter, Rosalind.
# Pak Hyeongjun

Pak Hyeongjun (Korean: 박형준, born 1966) is a South Korean poet and university professor.

## Life

Pak Hyeongjun was born in 1966 in Jeongeup, North Jeolla Province, South Korea. He graduated from the Seoul Institute of the Arts with a degree in creative writing, then attended Myongji University for graduate school, where he earned his Master's degree and doctorate. While still relatively young Pak Hyeongjun moved from his countryside hometown of Jeongeup to Incheon, South Korea's third-most populated city after Seoul and Busan. Pak confessed that this experience inspired him to begin writing poetry, saying that, while he was living in Incheon, he "felt often as if I was stagnant even though I was endlessly drifting. But I think that was what drove me to write poetry."
At Seoul Institute of the Arts, Pak Hyeongjun studied under the well-known poets Oh Kyu-won and Choe Ha-rin. Pak began his literary career when his poem "The Strength of Furniture" (가구의 힘) won the Korea Times New Writer's Award in 1991. He has also received the Dream and Poetry Literary Award (1996), the Dongsuh Literary Award (2002), the Contemporary Poetics Award (2005), the Sowol Poetry Prize (2009), and the Yuksa Poetry Award (2012). In 2014 he began working as a professor of creative writing at Dongguk University.

## Writing

Pak Hyeongjun's work has been described as "reinterpreting the tradition of Korean lyric poetry in the most modern way." His first poetry collection, I Would Now Like To Talk About the Disappearance (나는 이제 소멸에 대해서 이야기하련다, 1994), was very well received by critics. Much of his poetry focuses on time, on the past, present, and future, and on memory and loss of memory. His more recent poetry collection, The Burned House (불탄 집, 2013), further expanded upon these topics.

## Works
### Poetry collections

* I Would Now Like To Talk About the Disappearance (나는 이제 소멸에 대해서 이야기하련다, 1994)
* A Mirror with a Scent of Bread (빵냄새를 풍기는 거울, 1997)
* The Leaves Have Blossomed into the Water (물속까지 잎사귀가 피어 있다, 2002)
* Dance (춤, 2005)
* I Cried at Every Thought of It (생각날 때마다 울었다, 2011)
* The Burned House (불탄 집, 2013)

### Essay collections

* The Pattern of the Evening (저녁의 무늬, 2003)
* Hungry for Beauty (아름다움에 허기지다, 2007)
* A Poem for You (당신에게 시, 2013)
* The Note of Silence (침묵의 음, 2013)

## Awards

* 1996 1st Dream and Poetry Literary Award
* 2002 15th Dongsuh Literary Award
* 2005 10th Contemporary Poetics Award
* 2009 24th Sowol Poetry Prize
* 2012 9th Yuksa Poetry Award
# What Grabs Ya?

What Grabs Ya? is the second studio album by Belgian rock band Triggerfinger, released on 25 February 2008 through Excelsior Recordings. Following 2004's Triggerfinger, the album managed to increase the band's popularity, but not enough for the band to break through in Belgium and the Netherlands.
On 11 July 2009, the album was re-issued, on which songs used to promote for the band's festivaltour were added to the track list.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Ruben Block, except where noted

### Bonus tracks released on re-issue.
## Personnel

* Ruben Block – lead vocals, guitar.
* Paul Van Bruystegem – bass guitar.
* Mario Goossens – drums.
# Amtocephale

Amtocephale is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from early Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Santonian stages) deposits of southern Gobi Desert, Mongolia.
Amtocephale is known from the holotype MPC-D 100/1203, a nearly complete frontoparietal dome of a subadult individual. It was collected from the Baynshire Formation at the Amtgai locality. Amtocephale was first named by Mahito Watabe, Khishigjaw Tsogtbaatar and Robert M. Sullivan in 2011 and the type species is Amtocephale gobiensis. The generic name combines a reference to the Amtgai site with a Greek κεφαλή, kephale, "head". The specific name refers to the provenance from the Gobi.
Amtocephale was assigned to the Pachycephalosauridae and is perhaps the oldest pachycephalosaurid known, depending on the exact age of the formation.

## History of naming

Paleontological expeditions of the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences with the Mongolian Paleontological Center into the Gobi Desert began in 1993, surveying and prospecting in over 50 localities. The Amtgai locality, an outcrop of fossil beds within small cliffs, was excavated in 1993, 1994, 2001 and 2004. This small bed of less than 20 m (66 ft) of exposed sandstone and mudstone is part of the Baynshire Formation, where the HMNS and MPC collected vertebrae and limb bones of ornithopods, turtle skulls and shells, several specimens of the theropod Segnosaurus, and the skull of a pachycephalosaur. This skull was described by Japanese paleontologist Mahito Watabe, Mongolian paleontogist Khishigjaw Tsogtbaatar, and American paleontologist Robert M. Sullivan in 2011 as the new taxon Amtocephale gobiensis. The genus name is a combination of the Amtgai locality and the Ancient Greek word κεφαλή (cephalo) for "head", while the species name is a reference to the Gobi Desert of Mongolia where it was found. Only the single partial skull, MPC-D 100/1203, is known from Amtocephale, but as it comes from the Turonian to Santonian Baynshire Formation, it may be the oldest known pachycephalosaurid.
The age of the Baynshire Formation is poorly constrained, correlated to some stage of the early Late Cretaceous between the Cenomanian and the Santonian, though it has even been found to be as young as the Campanian (~80.6 mya). Review of the land-vertebrate faunas of Mongolia has been inconclusive as the fauna are not distinctive, but as it is from the Baynshire Formation Amtocephale would correlate with a "Baynshirenian" age. The vertebrates of the Baynshire Formation suggest the Amtgai locality is no younger than the Santonian (83.5 mya) but it may be slightly older. This makes Amtocephale approximately the same age as the fauna of the Milk River Formation of Alberta.

## Description

The frontoparietal dome, formed by a fusion of the frontals in front and the parietals in the back, has a length of 53.2 millimetres (2.09 in) and a maximal thickness of 19 millimetres (0.75 in). The contribution to the dome length of the parietal part is exceptionally large, with a portion of 41%.
# Hiroto Takahashi

Hiroto Takahashi (高橋 宏斗, Takahashi Hiroto, born August 9, 2002) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Chunichi Dragons of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

## Career

On 26 October 2020, Takahashi was the outright 1st draft pick for the Chunichi Dragons at the 2020 NPB Draft.
On 1 November, Takahashi signed a pre-contract with the Dragons guaranteeing a ¥100,000,000 sign-on bonus and a ¥16,000,000 yearly salary with ¥50,000,000 in incentives.
On July 7, 2022, Takahashi set a club record for fastest pitch thrown by a Japanese pitcher, clocking in at 98.2 miles per hour (158 kilometers per hour).
# Nandgaon railway station

Nandgaon railway station serves Nandgaon city in Nashik district in the India state of Maharashtra.

## History

The first train in India travelled from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April 1853. By May 1854, Great Indian Peninsula Railway's Mumbai–Thane line was extended to Kalyan. Bhusawal was set up in 1860, but the service started in the mid-1860s. The line was extended to Khandwa in 1866 and to Nagpur in 1867.

### Electrification

The railways in the Niphad–Manmad–Nandagaon sector were electrified in 1968–69.

## Amenities

Amenities at Nandgaon railway station include: computerized reservation office, subscriber trunk dialling/public call office booth, waiting room, retiring room.
# Desulfocapsaceae

The Desulfocapsaceae are a family of Thermodesulfobacteriota.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Desulfocapsaceae Desulfoprunum Junghare & Schink 2015 Desulfofustis Friedrich et al. 1996 Desulfocapsa Janssen et al. 1997 Desulfopila inferna Desulfocastanea Galushko & Kuever 2021 Desulfomarina Hashimoto et al. 2021 Desulforhopalus Isaksen & Teske 1999 Desulfosediminicola flagellatus Desulfopila Suzuki et al. 2007 Desulfosediminicola Song et al. 2023 Desulfotalea Knoblauch, Sahm & Jorgensen 1999 | Desulfocapsaceae Desulfofustis "Ca. Desulfatifera" Van Vliet et al. 2020 Desulfocapsa Desulfopila inferna Desulfoprunum Desulfopila [incl. Desulfosediminicola] Desulfotalea Desulfomarina Desulforhopalus |