OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tower Bridge (disambiguation)

Tower Bridge is a bridge in England.
Tower Bridge may also refer to:
* Tower Bridge (Sacramento, California), a bridge in Sacrimento.
* Tower Bridge Quay, the quay on the River Thames.
* Tower Bridge railway station, railway station in Ireland.
* California State Route 275, also known as Tower Bridge Gateway.
* Tower Bridge Road, one of the London Inner Ring Road.
# Port of Palma

The Port of Palma is a port facility located on the southern outskirts of Palma de Mallorca, in Mallorca.
One of five ports in the Balearic Islands, it is the main port in Mallorca with both leisure and commercial facilities.
# Siddique Dawood

Siddique Dawood (d. 2005) was a Pakistani industrialist and politician who served as a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 1962 to 1964, representing NW-2 (Karachi-II).

## Biography

Siddique Dawood was a member of Dawood family. He joined Conventional Muslim League of Ayub Khan and served as its treasurer. On 22 January 1964, Dawood inaugurated the Quaid-i-Azam Lending Library at the Government College for Men Nazimabad.
Later, in his career, Dawood founded BRR Capital Modaraba and Orient Insurance.
Dawood died in 2005.
# Mount Warburton Pike

Mount Warburton Pike is a mountain on Saturna Island in the Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada. It is the highest summit in the Gulf Islands, other than Saltspring Island, and is part of the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve.
The transmitter site for CHEK-DT is located atop Mount Warburton Pike.

## Name origin

The mountain is named for Warburton Pike (1861–1915), who alienated land on Saturna in 1886 and whose ranch included the mountain. Pike was an explorer, sportsman and author and wrote a book on his experiences in the Canadian North, The Barren Ground of Northern Canada. Pike's death was untimely and tragic. After returning to Britain to enlist for World War I and, being refused because he was too old, died by suicide. The summit and a rock in Active Pass were named for him, and a memorial was erected at Porter Landing in the Dease Lake region, where he had ventured in his years in B.C. The monument was donated by his friends Osborne Beauclerk, 12th Duke of St Albans and Marshall Latham Bond.
# Shazam (econometrics software)

Shazam is a comprehensive econometrics and statistics package for estimating, testing, simulating and forecasting many types of econometrics and statistical models. SHAZAM was originally created in 1977 by Kenneth White.

## Data management

All SHAZAM editions read and write both fixed and free format text formats using the READ and FORMAT statements. Data can be stored by observation (row) or by variable (column) with or without variable names. Through the supplied Windows Environment formats such as comma-separated values (CSV), Microsoft Excel (both XLS and XLSX) may also be read and written.
SHAZAM Professional Edition contains comprehensive data import capabilities through its Data Connector and SQL editor allowing the import of machine data source such as tab, space or comma separated text formats, other file-based proprietary binary formats (including various Microsoft Excel formats) as well as Microsoft Access or any other LAN, WAN or internet data source for which the user has a driver on their system. In addition SHAZAM can import data from Database Management Systems (DBMS) and SHAZAM ships with drivers for most common data Database Management Systems.

## Extensibility

SHAZAM is extensible through the development of SHAZAM Procedures that can be included or reused in SHAZAM command files. Numerous SHAZAM Procedures have been written and are available from the SHAZAM Website or from many sites throughout the internet.

## Editions

SHAZAM is currently available in four editions. SHAZAM Command Line Edition (SHAZAMD and SHAZAMQ) are text user interface versions that allow batch processing. They operate in double and quad precisions. SHAZAM Standard Edition (SHAZAMW) adds a native Windows application that incorporates a multiple document interface (MDI) interface including command, data, matrix, graph editors and a Workspace viewer along with integrated online help, samples and examples. SHAZAM Professional Edition (SHAZAMP) adds menu and wizard driven facilities for executing SHAZAM techniques, a data connector with SQL editor as well as an integrated debugger.
# Erigeron strigosus

Erigeron strigosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names prairie fleabane, common eastern fleabane, and daisy fleabane.
Erigeron strigosus is native to eastern and central North America as far west as Manitoba, Idaho and Texas. It has also become naturalized in western North America as well as in Europe and China as a somewhat weedy naturalized species.
Erigeron strigosus is an annual or biennial herb reaching heights of up to 80 cm (32 inches). It has hairy, petioled, non-clasping, oval-shaped leaves a few centimeters long mostly on the lower part of the plant. One plant can produce as many as 200 flower heads in a spindly array of branching stems. Each head is less than a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide, containing 50–100 white, pink, or blue ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.

## Varieties

* Erigeron strigosus var. calcicola J. R. Allison - Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee
* Erigeron strigosus var. dolomiticola J. R. Allison - Alabama
* Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus - much of North America; introduced in China
* Erigeron strigosus var. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald - much of North America; introduced in Europe

## Pollen

Erigeron strigosus repoduces asexually and sexually in the southeastern United States. Pollen of Erigeron strigosus has been studied, larger higher quality pollen grains are typically sexual and smaller lower quality pollen grains are apomictic. Large pollen grains of Erigeron strigosus are have more variable size which implies more sexual than asexual reproduction.

## Invasive

This species is native to eastern and central North America but has become invasive in parts of Asia and Europe. Erigeron strigosus was falsely identified as E. annuus in China because as foreign species they were not well known. It was also observed as a common invasive in Poland and forms hybrids with Erigeron annuus, two cytotypes of Erigeron strigosus were reported, a triploid (3n=27 and 4n=36) and hexaploid form. It is able to easily adapt to new regions and cross with closely related species. The family and genus Erigeron was found to have high taxonomic diversity within Russia and Europe, novel hybrids, contributes to the invasiveness of the species.

## Fire Ecology

In part of its range Erigeron strigosus is found in tall grass prairie where wildfire is a regular part of the ecosystem. The cycle of fire initially causes a reduction of Erigeron strigosus, but it increases two to three years after fire. Erigeron strigosus can be infected with rust fungus Puccinia dioicae, after fire new rust fungus infections are delayed, thus fire reduces overall rust fungus infection.
# Lucia Dunham

Lucia Dunham (died April 3, 1959, Paramus, New Jersey) was an American voice teacher, classical soprano, and academic writer on singing and diction who is chiefly remembered as a longtime professor of vocal performance at the Juilliard School from 1922 until 1956.

## Life

Born in New York City, she studied voice at the National Conservatory of Music of America and then the Institute of Musical Art (now the Juilliard School) where she earned a diploma in 1909 and was a voice student of Adrian Freni, George Henschel, and Milka Ternina. She became a resident artist at the Paris Opera where she continued training with Alfred Giraudet. She pursued further studies with Lilli Lehmann in Salzburg and at the University of California, Berkeley where she also taught as a member of the voice faculty prior to her post at Juilliard. At Berkeley she collaborated closely with musicologist Charles Seeger, and gave recitals of folk songs that were collected and/or arranged by him. She left California after the death of her husband in 1921 to live close to her remaining family in New York City. She also taught voice part time at Columbia University in addition to teaching full time at the Juilliard School.
As a performer Dunham was mainly active in recitals and concerts in the United States and Europe, but did appear in operas in France, Austria, and California. She was particularly active as a soloist with the San Francisco Symphony and the New York Symphony Orchestra under Walter Damrosch. In her earlier career when she was more active she performed as a soprano, but in later years she performed as a mezzo-soprano. A founding member of the National Association of Teachers of Singing, many of her pupils had successful performance careers both in the United States and abroad, including Charles Bressler, Anne Brown, Ruby Elzy, Nanette Fabray, Elia Kazan, Rosemary Kuhlmann, Carmen Velma Shepperd, and Graciela Rivera among others. She wrote several published monographs on the art of singing and on diction for singers. She died in hospital in Paramus, New Jersey on April 3, 1959.
# Midway, Scott County, Mississippi

Midway is an unincorporated community in Scott County, Mississippi, United States. Midway is located at the junction of Midway Road and Midway-Odom Road 5.25 miles (8.45 km) west-southwest of Walnut Grove.
# Regina Maria Roche

Regina Maria Roche (1764–1845) was an Irish Gothic novelist, best known for The Children of the Abbey (1796) and Clermont (1798). Encouraged by the success of the pioneering Ann Radcliffe, she became a bestselling author in her own time. The popularity of her third novel, The Children of the Abbey, rivalled that of Ann Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho, and was mentioned in Jane Austen's novel Emma.

## Life

She was born Regina Maria Dalton in Waterford, Ireland in 1764. Her father, Blundel Dalton, was a captain in the British 40th Regiment. Her family moved to Dublin. After marrying Ambrose Roche in 1794, she moved to England.
Her first two novels were published under her maiden name, before the success of The Children of the Abbey and Clermont. Both were translated into French and Spanish and went through several editions. However, after her fifth novel, The Nocturnal Visit, appeared in 1800, Roche suffered financial difficulties, having fallen afoul of a duplicitous solicitor. She did not write again until 1807, when she received aid from the Royal Literary Fund. She then wrote 11 more novels, most of them set in rural Ireland. None of these matched her earlier successes. After her husband's death in 1829, she returned to Waterford.
After bouts of depression, Roche died in relative obscurity in her native town at the age of 81. The Gentleman's Magazine obituary calls her a "distinguished writer [who] had retired from the world and the world had forgotten her. But many young hearts, now old must remember the effect upon them of her graceful and touching compositions."

## Popularity

The Children of the Abbey, a sentimental Gothic romance, was one of the most popular novels of the 1790s. Her Clermont was Roche's only full attempt at writing a truly Gothic novel. It is decidedly darker in tone than anything else she wrote.
Both novels went through several editions and were translated into French and Spanish. Clermont was one of the Northanger Horrid Novels satirised by Jane Austen in her novel Northanger Abbey.
# Marquard of Randeck

Marquard of Randeck (or of Randelle; Italian: Marquardo di Randeck; 1296 - 3 January 1381) was Prince-Bishop of Augsburg from 1348 until 1365.

## Biography

He was born at Augsburg, the son of a knight, but was educated by his uncle, the canon of the city. He was later a chancellor of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor at Avignon. He was appointed as bishop of Augsburg in 1348. Six years later, he accompanied the emperor in his visit to Rome. The following year, Marquard was sent to Pisa to suppress an anti-imperial revolt and was wounded in the fray. He remained for a period at Pisa as an imperial captain and governor in Italy. In 1356 he was captured by the condottiero Lodrisio Visconti at Casorate Primo. In 1365 the emperor made him as lieutenant general in Friuli. In the same year, Pope Urban VI gave him the vacant title of Patriarch of Aquileia, and Marquard (who had to renounce Augsburg) entered at Cividale in June 1366.
Marquard received a state with numerous rebellions, such as those of Gualtiero Bertoldo IV of Spilimbergo and of the lords of Duino, and in war with Albert III, Duke of Austria and Leopold III, Duke of Austria. Marquard was able to recover all the lost lands and to force his enemies, including also the counts of Gorizia, to peace. He then devoted himself to the traditional war against the Republic of Venice, in alliance with Louis I of Hungary, the Republic of Genoa, the dukes of Austria, the counts of Gorizia and Francesco I da Carrara, lord of Padua. The Venetians besieged Trieste: Leopold III arrived with 10,000 men, supported by a Genoese contingent, but they were crushed (5 September 1369) and the city surrendered. The Austrians left the alliance, and the remaining members were again defeated on the Piave (1372) and near Treviso (1373) by the Venetian doge Andrea Contarini, who had even hired Turkish mercenaries. The two parties signed a treaty of peace on 12 September 1373.
During the war of Chioggia, the patriarch took advantage of the initial difficulties of the Venetians to invade Istria, capturing Koper and Pula. After a series of changes of possessions, Trieste was confirmed to the patriarchate at the treaty of Turin (1381), although some territories in Istria were returned to Venice.
Marquard was a prominent jurist, and during his reign, he published the Constitutiones Patriae Foriiulii, also known as Codex Marquardianus, containing the rules which regulated law in Friuli until the 18th century. He also restored the Basilica of Aquileia, damaged by an earthquake in 1348 and rebuilt in Gothic style.
Marquard died at Trieste on 3 January 1381.
# Huping Mountain

Huping Mountain (simplified Chinese: 壶瓶山; traditional Chinese: 壺瓶山; pinyin: Húpíng Shān) is located in Shimen County, Hunan, China.$^{:202}$$^{:195}$$^{:219}$ It is the boundary mountain between Hunan and Hubei provinces. Its highest peak elevation is 2,098.7 metres (6,885 ft), making it the second highest peak in Hunan, after Ling Peak (酃峰), which stands 2,115.2 metres (6,940 ft) above sea level.$^{:202}$$^{:195}$

## History

Huping Mountain was designated as a Provincial Nature Reserve by Hunan Provincial People's Government in 1982 and was rated as a National Nature Reserve by the State Council of China in 1994.

## Geography

Huping Mountain is a part of the Wuling Mountains, lies at the northern end of the Wuling Mountains, with 266 peaks above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level. It has an area of 600-square-kilometre (230 sq mi), all of which belongs to Shimen County.
There are seven streams and brooks rise in Huping Mountain, all of them flow into the Xie River (渫水), a first level tributary of the Lishui River.$^{:195}$$^{:219}$
There are over 100 waterfalls in Huping Mountain, which known as "Huping Flying Waterfalls" (壶瓶飞瀑) is one of the "Ten Scenic Spots of Changde".$^{:220}$

## Biology

There are a large number of flora and fauna in Huping Mountain, with over 6,500 species currently recognized, including 570 species of vertebrates belonging to 4 classes, 30 orders, and 100 families, including 9 species of national first-class protected animals such as leopard, clouded leopard, dwarf musk deer, golden eagle, scaly-sided merganser, oriental stork, black stork, and Chinese pangolin.$^{:219}$ There are also 49 species of national second-class key protected animals such as Chinese giant salamander, temminck's tragopan, macaque, and mainland serow. 4,145 species of insects also inhabit the mountain.$^{:219}$
There are 3,080 species of vascular plants belonging to 1,026 genera in 227 families in Huping Mountain, including 7 species of national first-class protected plants such as Davidia involucrata, Davidia involucrata var vilmoriniana, Ginkgo, Taxus chinensis, Taxus chinensis var. mairei [zh], Bretschneidera sinensis [zh], and Metasequoia glyptostroboides, as well as 29 species of national second-class protected plants such as Tetracentron sinense, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Liriodendron chinense, and Emmenopterys.

### South China Tiger Release Natural Experimental Zone

In history, the South China tiger once lived in the mountain.
In 2011, the National Forestry Administration (now National Forestry and Grassland Administration) officially designated Huping Mountain as one of the natural experimental areas for releasing South China tigers.

## Literature

When the Tang dynasty (618–917) poet Li Bai was exiled, he passed by Huping Mountain and left behind the famous line: "The waterfall flies over Huping Mountain, and peach blossoms fall from the cave entrance." (壺瓶飛瀑布，洞口落桃花)
# UR Almería

Unión Rugby Almería is a Spanish rugby team based in Almería. He currently plays in the 1º Andalusia Regional of Spain.
The URA Project currently has 18 teams and 1,000 people practicing rugby in the province of Almería, which includes children from 4 years of age to the veteran team.

## Teams

Their women's team is constantly growing. In addition, its URA Clan project has more than 65 children registered and is based on total inclusion among children of different abilities. It also has an inclusive Senior Rugby team.
Also develops and coordinates 3 Provincial leagues. A U6 to U14, which brings together about 250 children per day. A Provincial League U16 and U18 that is close to 100 children per concentration and another Provincial Senior League, with 4 teams and another almost 100 players.

## Beach Rugby

Unión Rugby Almería participates in the Provincial Beach Rugby Circuit, with the organization of the Almería and Almerimar Tournaments and its presence in those of Adra, Vera, Pulpí and Carboneras.

## Union

URA integrates the Costa de Almería Rugby Club, founded in 1995, El Ejido Rugby founded in 2003, the C.R. Roquetas de Mar and the more recently created Huércal-Overa Rugby Club, in addition to having the firm intention of continuing to develop and grow the project.
# Lists of television channels in India

There are currently 900 permitted private satellite television channels in India as of February 2021. Numerous regional channels are available throughout India, often distributed according to languages.

## Lists
### By video technology

* 4K
* HD

### By language

* Assamese
* Bengali
* Bhojpuri
* English
* Gujarati
* Hindi
* Kannada
* Konkani
* Malayalam
* Marathi
* Meitei
* Odia
* Punjabi
* Tamil
* Telugu
* Urdu

### By category

* News
# Polyethylene wax

Polyethylene wax can be used as a dispersant, slip agent, resin additive, and mold release agent. As an oxidised product, OPEW is authorized in the EU as E number reference E914 only for the surface treatment of some fruits.
There are a variety of methods for producing Polyethylene wax. Polyethylene wax can be made by direct polymerization of ethylene under special conditions that control molecular weight and chain branching of the final polymer. Another method involves thermal and/or mechanical decomposition of high molecular weight polyethylene resin to create lower molecular weight fractions. A third method involves separation of the low molecular weight fraction from a production stream of high molecular weight polymer. These last two methods produce very low molecular weight fractions that should be removed to avoid a product with low flash point that can result in flammability, migration, equipment build up, fouling and other safety and processing issues. Volatiles in these un refined waxes can also account for significant yield loss during processing
Polyethylene wax may be used as lubricant additive to the PVC pipes.
# Central Kanuri

Central Kanuri or Yerwa Kanuri is a variety of the Kanuri language spoken mainly in adjacent parts of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, and Chad as well as by a diaspora community residing in Sudan. It is spoken by the Yerwa Kanuri who are the largest subgroup of Kanuri people in West and Central Africa today. Yerwa Kanuri is the largest of the Kanuri varieties. It is also used for both oral and written communication in Cameroon and is classified within the Saharan branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. The Yerwa Kanuri variety of the Kanuri language in Nigeria is written using the Ajami script of the Arabic alphabet.

## Geographic distribution

Yerwa Kanuri is a Language of Wider Communication (LWC). A de facto language of provincial identity in Borno, Yobe, and Gombe states of Nigeria, used in education; widespread use generally. The Kanuri language, serving as the de facto language of provincial identity in Borno, Yobe, and Gombe states, is employed in education and widely spoken in these regions. Originating from the central south Sahara area, the Kanuri people expanded around Lake Chad in the late 7th century. They are the dominant ethnic group in Borno State and their language became prevalent in the mid-19th century, being utilized in trade, daily life, religion, and literature, not only in the mentioned states but also across central Africa.

## Linguistics
### Morphology

In terms of morphology, it exhibits a system of affixation, incorporating prefixes, suffixes, and infixes to convey various grammatical and semantic nuances. Phonologically, Central Kanuri is characterized by a diverse set of consonants and vowels, including nasalized vowels. The language employs tonal distinctions, contributing to lexical and grammatical meaning.

### Grammar

Grammatically, Central Kanuri follows a subject-object-verb (SOV) word order, with the subject typically preceding the verb and the object following. It features a variety of grammatical features such as gender agreement, noun classes, and a complex system of verbal inflections to mark tense, aspect, and mood. Noun classes play a crucial role in Central Kanuri, influencing concord with adjectives, pronouns, and verbs.
Postpositions in Central Kanuri are used to express relationships between entities and are essential for indicating spatial and temporal relationships. Verbs are highly inflected, reflecting various grammatical categories and providing a nuanced understanding of actions and events. The language incorporates a system of verbal derivation to create new words and convey shades of meaning.

### Dialects

Yerwa Kanuri is named after the central dialect of Yerwa spoken in mainly in Nigeria. The language has several dialects, some of which are mutually intelligible to other Central Kanuri speakers and others are not mutually intelligible. The Kwayam dialect is not understood by other Yerwa Kanuri speakers while the Maiduguri dialect named after the town of Maiduguri is mutually intelligible with other dialects of Yerwa Kanuri.
# Hermann II of Augsburg

Hermann II of Augsburg, was bishop of Augsburg during the period 1096–1133.
Hermann was appointed as bishop by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV in 1096 in Verona. Patriarch Ulric of Aquileia consecrated him. According to the monk Udalscalc, Hermann's brother Ulric paid Henry IV to appoint Hermann.
Hermann II was a layman prior to his appointment.