# Huang Dehui

Huang Dehui (Chinese: 黃德輝; pinyin: Huángdéhuī) is the founder of the Green Lotus sect (青蓮教) or also known as Xiantiandao (先天教). He is recognized as the 9th patriarch in the lineage of patriarchs of the Xiantiandao and Yiguandao and is an important figure who created and shaped the foundations of the doctrines and teachings.

## Early life

Huang was born on the 8th day of the 2nd month of 1624 in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. He was from Rao Prefecture, Poyang County, Jiangxi. He was originally a Taoist Quanzhen monk, who later joined the followers of Luo Weiqun (羅蔚群). At age nine, he allegedly received from a transcendent an oral transmission on the teaching of golden elixir , and subsequently practiced self-cultivation techniques and transmitted them to people in his area.

## Religious career

One branch of Luoism is Yuandun Jiao (圆顿教), founded by Zhang Hao (张豪) of Zhili. It was introduced to Jiangxi in the sixth year of Kangxi (1667) by Luo Weixing (罗维行) or Luo Weiqun (羅蔚群) of Zhili. Luo Weixing is known in Xiantiandao and Yiguandao lineage as the 8th patriarch. Luo Weixing had a successor named Huang Dehui.
Subsequently, Huang Dehui claimed that Heaven ordered a deity to descend to Mount Lu (廬山) and appointed Huang to be the ninth patriarch to continue the lineage of patriarchs from Huineng and establish the Green Lotus Sect or later known as Xiantiandao. Then he created and organized a complete system of doctrines, Buddhist halls, and rites. based on “The Treasure Scroll of the Emperor's Supreme Golden Elixir, the Nine Lotuses and the Correct Belief in the Truth, and the Return to Heaven” (皇极金丹九莲正信归真还乡宝卷) or Jiulian Baojuan (九莲宝卷) for short, a classic work that describes the existence of a secret jewel for returning to heaven and contains a detailed explanation of the msyterious door (玄關). The book also explains the theory of three-sun eschatology. This book is actually the Jiulianjing (九蓮經) used by the Great Vehicle Sect (大乘教) led by Wang Sen's family. In addition, Huang also wrote the Basic Ritual (礼本), Repentance Script (愿懺), the Pledge (愿忏), the Lightning Sutra (雷经), the Om Sutra (唵经) which became the basis and standard reference for the future development of the Xiantiandao group.
Huang's teachings are based on a mixture of Luo teachings and other popular religious traditions circulating in southern China. As is commonly the case with leaders of sects banned by the government, Huang is known by many different names, one of which is Huang Tingchen (黃廷臣) and Qiaowan Xianshi (橋灣仙師). Huang propagated the doctrine that in order to survive the final apocalypse and return to home, he had specially opened the global initiation mission to save human from misery.
By 1672, Huang Dehui had attracted so many followers that he had to form an administration to organize them. The system of “eight trigrams and nine palaces” (八卦九宮) divided all members into eight sectors, each with a leader, above which a central palace provided supervision.
In the Yiguandao book, Huang Dehui is designated as the 9th patriarch and is believed to be an incarnation of Yuanshi Tianzun (元始天尊).

## Death and Afterward

He was executed in 1690 by Qing government. After his death, the sect he led went into gradual decline for about half a century, until Wu Ziyang was appointed as the tenth patriarch of Youyuan Temple, although it is unclear who appointed him.