OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clacton Spear

The Clacton Spear, or Clacton Spear Point, is the tip of a wooden spear discovered in Clacton-on-Sea in 1911. At approximately 400,000 years old, it is the oldest known worked wooden implement.

## Description

The spear is made of yew shaped into a point, and when found was 387 mm (15.2 in) long, 39 mm (1.5 in) diameter and straight, but drying out during the first decades of storage shrank it to 367 by 37 mm (14.4 by 1.5 in), and warped it slightly into a curve. Treatment by wax impregnation in 1952 apparently stabilized it. At some time before this, the last 32 mm (1.3 in) of the tip had broken off and had been re-attached by conservators. This again came off in 2013 and was re-attached. It is on display at the Natural History Museum, London where its age is stated as 420,000 years. Tests to reproduce it suggested that it had been formed by scraping with a curved flint tool of the type found on the same site, known as the Clactonian notch.

## Discovery and significance

The spear was discovered by Samuel Hazzledine Warren, an amateur pre-historian, who had been looking for simple stone tools in a known Palaeolithic sediment. He at first thought it was an antler, but presented it to the Geological Society of London as a spear tip. This identification was generally accepted for some time. However, as it was not a whole spear and the great age meant that it was well before modern humans, many academics doubted that the amount of planning required (to manufacture a spear and use it for hunting) was within the cognitive capabilities of early hominids and argued it was a simpler tool such as a digging stick. However, the discovery of several more complete spears around 300,000 years old, the Schöningen Spears in 1995 in Germany, demonstrated this capability, and the Clacton Spear is today generally regarded as a spear point.

## Context of find

The environment of deposition for the spear has been interpreted as the border of a river valley, with the local vegetation being a mixture of primarily mixed oak forest and secondarily grassland. Faunal remains found in contemporaneous deposits in Clacton include the extinct horse Equus mosbachensis, red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) wild boar (Sus scrofa) the extinct fallow deer species Dama clactoniana, aurochs (Bos primigenius), the Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus), steppe bison (Bison priscus), the extinct giant beaver Trogontherium, the field vole (Microtus agrestis), the narrow-nosed rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) Merck's rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis), and the straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus).
The site is characteristic of the "Clactonian industry", which shows evidence of the production of lithic flake and core tools, but with little evidence for the production of handaxes. Many of the animal bones found at Clacton display evidence of butchery. At the site a bison metatarsal, a rhinoceros radius and a red deer tibia appear to have been used as hammer tools (with the rhinoceros bone also showing evidence of butchery).
# Company Folders

Company Folders, Inc. is an American online retailer based in Pontiac, Michigan. It specializes in selling customized document folders, report covers, and business cards.
Vladimir Gendelman founded the company in 2003 and now serves as its CEO.

## History

Company Folders was founded in 2003 by a Ukrainian-born immigrant, Vladimir Gendelman. He founded it based on an observation of a limited availability of customizable presentation folders online. Prior to starting Company Folders, Gendelman owned a computer repair shop. Facing challenges in securing traditional bank financing, Gendelman initially financed the venture using credit cards. By 2004, the company achieved self-sustainability, allowing Gendelman to settle his credit card debts.
In June 2008, Company Folders relocated its headquarters from Waterford, Michigan to Keego Harbor, Michigan. Later, it was relocated to Pontiac, Michigan in 2017.
In May 2013, Company Folders launched Folder Design Gallery.
In 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Company Folders suspended its operations in Ukraine. In the same year, the company removed the college degree requirement to apply to its jobs.
# Achille Giovannoni

Achille Giovannoni (14 February 1926 – 25 February 2014) was a French rower. He competed in the men's double sculls event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Maganoor mandal

Maganoor is a Mandal in Narayanpet district, Telangana.

## Villages

The villages in Maganoor mandal include:
* Adivisatyar
* Ainapur
* Alampalle
* Chegunta
* Gudeballur
* Hindupur
* Kolpur
* Kothapalle
* Krishna
* Kunsi
* Maganoor
* Mandipalli
* Mudmal
* Neradgum
* Thangadigi
* Ujjelli
* Wadwat
* Warkoor
# Murder of Suzanne Bombardier

Suzanne Arlene "Suzie" Bombardier (March 14, 1966 – June 22, 1980) was an American teenager who was kidnapped, raped, and stabbed to death on June 22, 1980. On June 27, her body was found by a fisherman, floating in the San Joaquin River east of Antioch, California near its bridge, 60 miles (97 km) east of San Francisco. On December 11, 2017, after extensive DNA profiling, 63-year-old Mitchell Lynn Bacom, a convicted sex offender, was arrested as the prime suspect. He was charged with and convicted of kidnapping, rape, oral copulation, murder, and murder with use of a deadly weapon. This was Antioch's oldest cold case murder. At the time of Bombardier's homicide, Bacom was known to her family.
Bombardier was raped, stabbed in the chest, and her heart was punctured. She was kidnapped from her sister's townhome in Antioch while she was babysitting her nieces. Her sister, Stephanie Mullen, arrived home at 4:00 a.m. to find Bombardier missing. Bombardier's father, Ted, said that she must have known her killer as there was no forced entry.

## Background

Fourteen-year-old Bombardier was an honor roll student at Antioch Junior High at the time of her homicide. She also belonged to the California Junior Scholastic Federation. She was buried at Queen of Heaven Cemetery in Lafayette. Jennifer Kathleen Gibbons came across her grave in 2014 and started blogging about the unsolved case. This kept it top of mind for the public and later for investigators.
In 2015, DNA samples from Bombardier's case were sent to the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office Forensic Laboratory for them to create a DNA profile. In early 2017, after advancements in DNA analysis technology, Antioch police were notified that a CODIS hit was made that tentatively identified Bacom as the perpetrator. After additional testing, when the samples were conclusively linked to Bacom through a federal DNA database, he was taken into custody without incident at his home.

## Perpetrator

Mitchell Lynn Bacom (born March 21, 1954), a native of Knightsen, California, was a suspect in the case for a long time. In 2017, after linking Bacom to Bombardier's murder, authorities announced plans to attempt to match Bacom's DNA to other cold cases.
In 1973, Bacom was tried for several crimes, convicted, and sentenced to five years to life imprisonment. In 1981, he was convicted for several more crimes and sentenced to 24 years in prison. In 2002, he failed to register as a sex offender and was sentenced to four years in prison.
On March 15, 2022, a Contra Costa jury convicted Bacom of Bombardier's murder. He was convicted of first-degree murder, along with special circumstances for the commission of the murder during the course of the burglary, kidnapping, and rape.
Bacom was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole on June 27, 2022. At the sentencing hearing, prosecutors said Bacom allegedly confessed to a former cellmate that he "raped and sliced" sex workers across the country when he was a truck driver.
# Gray Simons

Elliott Gray Simons (born August 13, 1939) is a former American wrestler. He competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling. Simons later served as head coach at Lock Haven, Indiana State, Tennessee, and Old Dominion.
As a collegiate wrestler, Simons was a four-time NAIA champion and three-time NCAA champion. He was named Outstanding Wrestler of the NCAA tournament twice and the NAIA touranament four times, earning this honor in six of seven national meets - an accomplishment that remains unmatched.
In 1978, he was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.
# Chienkuo Technology University

Chienkuo Technology University (CTU; Chinese: 建國科技大學; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kiàn-kok Kho-ki Tāi-ha̍k) is a private university located in Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan.
The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs in a variety of fields, including engineering, management, design, humanities, and social sciences.
The university has a number of international partnerships and encourages its students to study abroad through exchange programs.

## History

CTU was initially established in October 1965 as Chienkuo Commercial Junior College. It changed its name in August 1974 to Chienkuo Industrial Junior College and again in November 1992 as Chienkuo Industrial-and-Commercial Junior College. It underwent restructuring in August 1999 to become Chienkuo Institute of Technology. It finally changed its name to Chienkuo Technology University in August 2004. In 2020, the university had an enrollment rate of less than 60%.

## Faculties

Faculties of the university are college of engineering, college of management, college of design and college of living technology.

## Transportation

The university is accessible South East from Changhua Station of Taiwan Railways.
# Michał Markuszewski

Michał Jan Markuszewski (born 1972) is a Polish pharmacologist, professor of pharmaceutical sciences, professor and rector of the Medical University of Gdańsk for the term 2024–2028.
# Mpura

Mongezi Thomas Stuurman (22 September 1995 – 9 August 2021), known professionally as Mpura, was a South African rapper, fashion designer and record producer best known for his hit song "Umsebenzi Wethu", sang in Zulu language. He was also known for his most popular songs "Impilo Yase Sandton"

## Early life and education

Mpura was born and raised in Soweto, Gauteng . He attended Highlands North Boys’ High School.

## Career

Before he rose to fame in the music industry, he was involved in fashion and founded Mpura Designs, a unisex street style brand. In 2018, he made his South African Fashion Week debut, showcasing his Autumn/Winter 2019 collection.
On 11 December 2020, he and Busta 929 featuring Lady Du, Reece Madlisa, Mr JazziQ and Zuma single Umsebenzi Wethu was released. The song reached number one local iTunes charts and was certified platinum.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award ceremony | Prize | Result |
| 2021 | SA Amapiano Music Awards | Best Amapiano Lyricist/Rapper | Won |

## Death

On 9 August 2021, Mpura died in a car accident on his way to perform at an event in the North West, alongside Killer Kau.
# Abdel-Wahed El-Sayed

Abdel-Wahed El-Sayed Abdel-Wahed Masoud (Arabic: عَبْد الْوَاحِد السَّيِّد عَبْد الْوَاحِد مَسْعُود; born 3 June 1977) is an Egyptian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He currently works as the Sports Director of Zamalek.

## Honors
### Club

Zamalek (17)
* Egyptian Premier League (3): 2000–01, 2002–03, 2003–04
* Egyptian Super Cup (2): 2001, 2002
* Egypt Cup (5): 1999, 2002, 2008, 2013, 2014
* African Cup Winners' Cup (1): 2000
* CAF Champions League (1): 2002
* CAF Super Cup (2): 1997, 2003
* Afro-Asian Club Championship (1): 1997
* Arab Club Championship (1): 2003
* Egyptian Saudi Super Cup (1): 2003

### International

Egypt
* African Cup of Nations (2): 2006, 2010

### Individual

* Best Egyptian Goalkeeper in 2003.
* Best Goalkeeper in Africa in 2002 CAF Champions League.
# Shinya Owada

Shinya Owada (大和田 伸也, Ōwada Shin'ya, born 25 October 1947 in Tsuruga, Fukui) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator. He is represented with Horipro Booking Agency. He rusticated from Waseda University First Literature Department.

## Biography

In 1968, Owada joined Shiki Theatre Company.

## Filmography
### TV dramas

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1972–73 | Ai yori Aoku | Shuichi Murakami | Asadora |
| 1978–83 | Mito Kōmon | Atsumi "Kaku-san" Kakunoshin | |
| 2009–11 | Clouds Over the Hill | Inoue Kaoru | |
| 2012 | Man of Destiny | Kiichi Aikawa | |
| 2021 | Come Come Everybody | Kinetarō Tachibana | Asadora |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2018 | 50 First Kisses | Dr. Natori |
| 2020 | Food Luck | |
| 2021 | Shrieking in the Rain | |
| 2022 | Fullmetal Alchemist: The Final Alchemy | |
| 2025 | True Beauty: Before | Soichiro Igarashi |
| 2025 | True Beauty: After | Soichiro Igarashi |

### Anime television

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Ref. |
| 2003 | Astro Boy | Dr. Tenma, Shadow | Fuji TV | |
| 2003 | Black Jack Special: Inochi o meguru 4tsu no Kiseki | Judge | NTV | |

### Anime films

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| 2005 | Black Jack: The Two Doctors of Darkness | Goa | |
| 2014 | Buddha 2: Tezuka Osamu no Buddha ~Owarinaki Tabi~ | Bimbisara | |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| 2007 | Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII | Holland | |
| 2022 | Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII Reunion | Holland | |

### Dubbing

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1994 | The Lion King | Mufasa |
| 1996 | ER | Sam Gasner (Alan Rosenberg) |
| 2019 | The Lion King | Mufasa |

## Supervision works

| Year | Title | Notes | Ref. |
| 2013 | Kyōryū o Horou | Starring Hiroki Matsukata | |

## Productions

| Year | Title | Notes |
| | Hamlet o Ute! | Co-starring with Michiko Godai, Baku Owada, and Kumiko Okae |
| | Kurumi Watashi ga Aishita Hamlet | |
| 2003 | Aishino Juliet | |
| | Mouse Trap | |
| 2006 | Haru ni shite Kimi o Hanare | |

## Discography

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 1972 | "Tomoyo" | |
| 1993 | "Tokimeite Ginza" | Duet with Hiroko Asakawa. Written by Eisei who was a former Shiseido director at the time, and the pen name of Hideyo Arita who is now Chairman of the Ginza Hanatsubaki Street Shoten Promotion Association. It became a hit after being released for 50,000 copies in December 1993. |
| 2016 | "Matenrō Lullaby" | |
# One Love (Blue song)

"One Love" is a song by English boy band Blue. Co-written by the band and StarGate, who also produced the track, it was released in the United Kingdom on 21 October 2002 as the lead single from their second studio album, One Love (2002). It reached number three on the UK Singles Chart and entered the top 10 in Denmark, Ireland, Italy, and New Zealand. "One Love" has received a gold certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), representing sales and streams of at least 400,000 units in the UK. The song's music video was directed by Cameron Casey.

## Chart performance

The song was a hit in the UK, peaking at number three. The song also entered the top five in Ireland (number four) and New Zealand (number five). It reached number 36 in Australia, number seven in Denmark, number 24 in Flanders and number nine in Italy.

## Credits and personnel

Credits are taken from the UK CD single liner notes
Studios
* Recorded and mixed at StarGate Studios (Norway)
* Vocals recorded at Metropolis Studios (London, England)
* Additional vocals recorded at Sony Music Studios (London, England)
Personnel
* StarGate – production
** Mikkel SE – writing, all instruments
** Hallgeir Rustan – writing, all instruments
** Tor Erik Hermansen – writing, all instruments
* Neil Tucker – vocal engineering
* Max Dodson – photography
* Blue – all vocals
** Antony Costa – writing
** Duncan James – writing
** Lee Ryan – writing
** Simon Webbe – writing

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United Kingdom | 21 October 2002 | CDcassette | InnocentVirgin |
| Australia | 28 October 2002 | CD | InnocentVirgin |
| Japan | 30 October 2002 | CD | Virgin |
# Amy Palant

Amy Palant is an American voice actress and singer, best known for her role as Miles "Tails" Prower in the anime Sonic X and in the video games of the Sonic franchise from 2005 to 2010.

## Career

Palant studied voice acting at Edge Studio, under founder David Goldberg. She worked with the studio as a performer and voice coach up until the early-2010's. She has also worked with 4Kids Entertainment (2003-2012), Central Park Media and DuArt Film and Video.
As a singer, Palant has performed with numerous bands, and was a founding member of the New York-based Alternate Folk band Bombshell, now known as The Shells, formed in 2005. She left the band in 2006.

## Filmography
### Animation

* Becca's Bunch – Mayor Ladymaus
* Fighting Foodons – Kayla
* Magical DoReMi – Dorie Goodwyn, Dodo, David, Keith
* Mew Mew Power – Cassandra
* Midori Days – Makie, Marin, Yuma Takiguchi
* One Piece – Miss Valentine
* Pokémon – Various Characters (2002-2010)
* Shaman King – Millie of The Lily Five
* Shura no Toki – Princess Yuki
* Sonic X – Miles "Tails" Prower
* Tai Chi Chasers – Terra

### Films

* Pokémon: Giratina and the Sky Warrior - Shaymin, Layla
* Psychic School Wars – Arisa Shimizu, Kenji Seki (young)

### Video games

* Sonic the Hedgehog (series) – Miles "Tails" Prower (2005–2010)
** Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games (series)
*** Beijing 2008
*** Vancouver 2010
** Other SEGA games
*** All-Stars Racing
*** Superstars Tennis
** Shadow the Hedgehog
** Sonic Storybooks (series)
*** Black Knight – Tails / Blacksmith
*** Secret Rings – Tails / Ali Baba
** Sonic Riders (series)
*** Riders 1
*** Zero Gravity
** Sonic Rivals (series)
*** Rivals 1
*** Rivals 2
** Sonic Rush (series)
*** Rush 1
*** Rush Adventure
** Sonic the Hedgehog – Tails, Anna
** Unleashed
* Poképark Wii: Pikachu’s Adventure - Shaymin
# Brenda Bressed

Brenda Bressed is the stage name of Bryce Gibson, an Australian drag performer who was a finalist on the twelfth season of The Voice and competed on the fourth season of Drag Race Down Under.

## Career

Brenda Bressed was a finalist on the twelfth season of The Voice and is competing on the upcoming fourth season of Drag Race Down Under.

## Personal life

Brenda Bressed is from Melbourne and has cited Dolly Parton as an inspiration.

## Filmography

* The Voice (season 12)
* Drag Race Down Under (season 4)
# BRAC Uganda Bank Limited

BRAC Uganda Bank Limited (BUBL), is a credit institution (′Tier II Financial Institution′) in Uganda. In April 2019, the institution received a Tier II Financial Institution Licence, which authorized it to operate as a bank, supervised by the Bank of Uganda, the national banking regulator.

## Location

BRAC Uganda Bank Limited maintains headquarters at 880 Heritage Road, in the Nsambya neighborhood, in the Makindye Division, of Kampala, Uganda's capital ad largest city. The coordinates of the bank's headquarters are 0°17'53.0"N, 32°35'45.0"E (Latitude:0.298056; Longitude:32.595833).

## Overview

BRAC Uganda Bank Limited is a Tier II Financial Institution (MFI), licensed by the Bank of Uganda, the central bank and national banking regulator. As a credit institution, it is not authorized to offer checking accounts or deal in foreign exchange. The company is authorized to take in customer deposits and to establish savings accounts. It is also authorized make collateralized and non-collateralized loans to savings and non savings customers. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of BRAC International and is a member of their network. As of December 2017, the institution's total assets were valued at US$55.677 million (USh202.223 billion), with shareholder's equity of US$30.056 million (USh109.164 billion).

## History

The institution was established in Uganda in 2006, as BRAC Microfinance Limited, with the objective of expanding financial inclusion in the country and serving the rural poor, specially women. At the time it acquired Tier II banking status in April 2019, the bank served over 270,000 customers in at least 80 of Uganda's 136 districts.

## Ownership

BRAC Uganda Bank Limited, is a member of the international non-governmental development organisation, headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with subsidiaries in Afghanistan, Liberia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. BRAC Uganda is the second subsidiary to attain banking status, after the home subsidiary in Bangladesh.

## Branch network

As of January 2021, BRAC Uganda maintained 163 branches across 84 districts in Uganda. Of these, 32 are fully networked branches regulated by the Bank of Uganda. The remaining 131 are satellite offices supporting outreach activities of the Bank.
# Bhosari

Bhosari (IAST: Bhosarī), historically known as Bhojapur, is a suburb in the city of Pune, India. It is well known for its cultural and sports activities like Wrestling and Kabaddi

## History

Bhosari village has a history dating to Gautam Buddha's era. It is said to have been under the rule of Bhoja tribe during the late Vedic Age. It is said that king Bhoja established a capital here and named it Bhojapura (lit. city of Bhoja).
Bhosari was called Bheusari (Sanskrit: भेऊसरी) during the Rashtrakuta rule in the 8th century. A land grant copperplate inscription dated 758 CE describes Krishna I gifting the village of Bopkhelugram (present day Bopkhel) to Pugadibhatta, mentioning Bheusari to the north of the village.
Bhosari Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation is the largest industrial area in this region containing big companies like Tata Motors, Philips, Thermax, and Century Enka.
The Marutrao Landge International Wrestling Training Center opened in Bhosari in 2023.

## Geography and Climate

Bhosari is situated at a height of 530 meters (1,740 ft) above sea level. Similar to Pune, Bhosari has a tropical wet and dry (Köppen Aw) climate, closely bordering upon a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh).
Bhosari is located about 20 km (12 mi) north of Pune city center, and is traversed by National Highway 60 connecting Pune to Dhule via Nashik.
# Maa Manithan

Maa Manithan or Maamanithan may refer to:
* Maa Manithan (1995 film)
* Maamanithan (2022 film)
# William J. Healy II

William J. Healy II (born c. 1962) is the former Mayor of the City of Canton, Ohio.
He was elected to his first term as Mayor of the City of Canton on November 6, 2007, Since his first term crime in the city has gone down 25 percent and the city's unemployment has hit a 30-year low at 5.1% recorded in November 2014. Before becoming Mayor, he was elected in 2004 and 2006 to represent the 52nd District of the Ohio House of Representatives, which includes all of Canton and parts of Stark County.
Healy is a 1981 graduate of Canton McKinley Senior High School. He earned his associate degree from the Stark Campus of Kent State University in Canton, a bachelor's degree from Rowan University in New Jersey, and a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from the NYU Stern School of Business in New York City.
He is the son of the late William J. Healy, a former Democratic city councilman and long-time state lawmaker in the Ohio House of Representatives.
# Frenemies (RuPaul's Drag Race)

"Frenemies" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of RuPaul's Drag Race. It originally aired on March 19, 2012.

## Episode

For the mini-challenge, the contestants take a polygraph test. Based on these results, the contestants are then paired up for the main challenge, in which they must sing a duet to "So Much Better Than You". Following are the teams:
* Chad Michaels and DiDa Ritz
* Latrice Royale and Willam
* Phi Phi O'Hara and Sharon Needles
The guest judges are Pamela Anderson, Lucian Piane, and Jennifer Tilly. Latrice Royale and Willam win the challenge. Phi Phi O'Hara and Sharon Needles are announced as the bottom two and face off in a lip-sync to "It's Raining Men (The Sequel)" by Martha Wash and RuPaul. After the lip-sync, RuPaul announces that Willam has broken the rules and will be disqualified from the competition immediately. Because of this disqualification, Phi Phi O'Hara and Sharon Needles are both deemed winners of the lip-sync.

## Production

The episode originally aired on March 19, 2012.