OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flowerkid

Flynn Sant (born c.2001), known professionally as Flowerkid (stylised in all lowercase) is an Australian producer, singer/songwriter from Sydney, New South Wales.
His songs "Boy with the Winfields and the Wild Heart" and "Miss Andry" both received full rotation on Triple J in 2019.

## Early life

Flynn grew up in Western Sydney and left secondary school in year 10.
Sant grew up in a Catholic household completing his sacraments at a young age.

## Personal life

Sant is a trans man.
In an interview with the guardian, Sant says, "I was so little and all I could think was that I was a sinner. I was going to hell," in relation to his song "I Met The Devil At 4 Years Old". He explains how his trauma affected his spirituality from a young age.

## Musical style and influences

Sant cites Frank Ocean and Miley Cyrus as musical influences.
There is a link between Sant and Billie as their shared manager was "blown away" by Sants production skills

## Career

Sant signed a worldwide record deal to Warner Music, Wonderlick, Parlophone and Atlantic Records in 2020.
In November 2023, Flowerkid released Let It Be Enough.

## Discography
### Extended Plays

List of EPs, with selected details :
| Title | Year |
| Everyone Has a Breaking Point | Released: 11 November 2021 Label: Warner Music Australia |
| Let It Be Enough | Released: 3 November 2023 Label: Warner Music Australia |

### Singles

List of singles, with year released and album name shown :
| Title | Year | Album |
| "Boy with the Winfields and the Wild Heart" | 2018 | non album single |
| "Miss Andry" | 2020 | Everyone Has a Breaking Point |
| "It's Happening Again" (featuring Kučka) | 2021 | Everyone Has a Breaking Point |
| "vodka orange juice" | 2021 | Everyone Has a Breaking Point |
| "Running Out of Time" (with Handsome and St. South) | 2022 | non album single |
| "Set Me Free" | 2024 | non album single |

## Awards and nominations
### Rolling Stone Australia Awards

The Rolling Stone Australia Awards are awarded annually by the Australian edition of Rolling Stone magazine for outstanding contributions to popular culture in the previous year.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2021 | "Miss Andry" | Best Single | Nominated |
# María Paula Romo

María Paula Romo (born 4 June 1979) is an Ecuadorian politician who served as Minister of Government under President Lenin Moreno.
She was a member of the Constituent Assembly that crafted Ecuador's current Constitution between 2007 and 2008. She later won a seat at the National Assembly of Ecuador for the period 2009–2013.

## Life

She entered politics in 2004 as one of the founders of "Ruptura de los 25", a political leftist movement that participated in the protests that toppled then-president Lucio Gutiérrez. Two years later, Ruptura de los 25 supported Rafael Correa in his successful bid to become Ecuador's President in the Ecuadorian 2006 general election.
The group broke their alliance with Correa in 2010 after he took actions they perceived as authoritarian. Romo participated along Ruptura de los 25 in the 2013 general election in opposition to Correa, but she did not keep her seat.
President Moreno chose Romo as Ecuador's Interior Minister on 31 August 2018.
National Assembly members Lourdes Cuesta, Amapola Naranjo and Roberto Gómez, challenged Romo saying that she had failed to fulfil her ministerial duties during the national strike in October 2019. On November 24, the National Assembly, with 104 positive votes, approved the motion to censure and dismiss her for allowing harsh police intervention against protesters during that strike. She was also accused of allowing police to use expired tear gas canisters that endangered people's lives during the 11 days of anti-government protests in Quito. The protests were over the removal by President Lenin Moreno’s administration of fuel subsidies on October 16, 2019 and other economic policies in a bid to obtain a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
# Antarctic neosquid

The Antarctic neosquid (Alluroteuthis antarcticus) is the only neosquid in the genus Alluroteuthis. The tentacles are relatively short compared to the arms.
Nils Hjalmar Odhner, discoverer of the species, suggested that Parateuthis tunicata, discovered by Johannes Thiele in 1920, might be a young Antarctic neosquid. The validity of this suggestion is still in question. The name is derived from its habitat in the Antarctic Ocean.

## Distribution

Alluroteuthis antarcticus occurs in from depths of 0–2,800 m (epipelagic and mesopelagic waters), and paralarvae can be found in the upper 200 m (epipelagic waters). Its range may be circumpolar with an Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic distribution.

## Ecology

It preys upon Antarctic krill, Antarctic silverfish and other squids. However, Isotopic evidence suggests a diet in prey that are likely mesopelagic zooplankton that feed on sinking organic matter.
# Iași Open

The Iași Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Iași, Romania since 2020. It was a WTA 250 event in 2024.

## Past finals
### Men's singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2024 | Hugo Dellien | Javier Barranco Cosano | 6–1, 6–1 |
| 2023 | Hugo Gaston | Bernabé Zapata Miralles | 3–6, 6–0, 6–4 |
| 2022 | Felipe Meligeni Alves | Pablo Andújar | 6–3, 4–6, 6–2 |
| 2021 | Zdeněk Kolář | Hugo Gaston | 7–5, 4–6, 6–4 |
| 2020 | Carlos Taberner | Mathias Bourgue | 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |

### Women's singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2024 | Mirra Andreeva | Elina Avanesyan | 5–7, 7–5, 4–0 retd. |
| ⬆️ WTA 250 ⬆️ ||||
| 2023 | Ana Bogdan (2) | Irina-Camelia Begu | 6–2, 6–3 |
| 2022 | Ana Bogdan | Panna Udvardy | 6–2, 3–6, 6–1 |

### Men's doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2024 | Cezar Crețu Bogdan Pavel | Karol Drzewiecki Piotr Matuszewski | 2–6, 6–2, [10–4] |
| 2023 | Nicolás Barrientos Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi | Gabi Adrian Boitan Bogdan Pavel | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 2022 | Geoffrey Blancaneaux Renzo Olivo | Diego Hidalgo Cristian Rodríguez | 6–4, 2–6, [10–6] |
| 2021 | Orlando Luz Felipe Meligeni Alves | Hernán Casanova Roberto Ortega Olmedo | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 2020 | Rafael Matos João Menezes | Treat Huey Nathaniel Lammons | 6–2, 6–2 |

### Women's doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2024 | Anna Danilina Irina Khromacheva | Alexandra Panova Yana Sizikova | 6–4, 6–2 |
| ⬆️ WTA 250 ⬆️ ||||
| 2023 | Veronika Erjavec Dalila Jakupović | Irina Bara Monica Niculescu | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 2022 | Darya Astakhova Andreea Roșca | Réka Luca Jani Panna Udvardy | 7–5, 5–7, [10–7] |
# Agape International Missions

Agape International Missions (AIM) is a non-denominational NGO combating sex trafficking in Cambodia.

## Operations

Headquartered in California, AIM works to rescue victims of sex trafficking and provide rescued victims with housing, education, health, employment, rehabilitation, and community care.
In 2014, AIM launched a SWAT team, authorized by the Cambodian government, to investigate and raid illegal brothels in conjunction with the Cambodian National Police's Anti-Human Trafficking Unit. AIM also rescues girls and women sex trafficked to China.
AIM received GuideStar USA, Inc.'s gold seal of transparency in 2019. Charity Navigator gave AIM the highest rating of 4 out of 4 stars and a score of 100 out of 100 for accountability & transparency.

## History

AIM was founded in 1989 by Bridget and Don Brewster, a former pastor in California, and began operations in Cambodia in 2006. The organization opened its first shelter and restoration center for former child sex slaves in the village of Svay Pak, Cambodia.
In 2022, it was reported that AIM has assisted the Cambodian government in its controversial crack-down on surrogacy in Cambodia. This followed the Cambodian government's ban on commercial surrogacy prompted by the organization's concerns that women were exploited by the industry.
# Association for Defence of Revolution Values

Association for Defence of Islamic Revolution Values (Persian: جمعیت دفاع از ارزش‌های انقلاب اسلامی; Jam`īyat-e Defā` az Arzeshhā-ye Enqelāb-e Eslāmī) was a neo-principlist political party in Iran, founded by Mohammad Reyshahri. The party was defeated in the 1996 parliamentary and the 1997 presidential elections.
The party's line was similar to those of the Combatant Clergy Association, and its core members were former counterparts of Reyshahri at the Ministry of Intelligence. Ali Akbar Aboutorabi Fard, Ruhollah Hosseinian, Mohammad Shariatmadari, Ahmad Pournejati and Ali Razini were among notable members.
# List of Polish films of the 1950s

List of films produced in the Cinema of Poland in the 1950s.
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| 1950 |||||
| Unvanquished City | Jerzy Zarzycki | | | Entered into the 1951 Cannes Film Festival |
| Dwie brygady | Wadim Berestowski | | | |
| Pierwszy start | Leonard Buczkowski | | | |
| 1951 |||||
| Gromada | Jerzy Kawalerowicz | | |
| Młodość Chopina | Aleksander Ford | Czesław Wołłejko, Aleksandra Śląska | | |
| Pierwsze dni | Jan Rybkowski | | | |
| Die Sonnenbrucks | Georg C. Klaren | | | |
| Warsaw Premiere | Jan Rybkowski | Jan Koecher, Barbara Kostrzewska | Historical | |
| Załoga | Jan Fethke | | | |
| 1953 |||||
| Celuloza | Jerzy Kawalerowicz | | | |
| Domek z kart | Erwin Axer | | | |
| Pościg | Stanisław Urbanowicz | | | |
| Przygoda na Mariensztacie | Leonard Buczkowski | | | |
| Sprawa do załatwienia | Jan Rybkowski | | | |
| Trudna miłość | Stanisław Różewicz | | | |
| Trzy opowieści | Czesław Petelski, Konrad Nałęcki, Ewa Poleska | | | |
| Żołnierz zwycięstwa | Wanda Jakubowska | | | |
| 1954 |||||
| Five Boys from Barska Street | Aleksander Ford | | | Entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival |
| 1955 |||||
| A Generation | Andrzej Wajda | Tadeusz Łomnicki, Urszula Modrzyńska | War | |
| Irena do domu! | Jan Fethke | Lidia Wysocka, Adolf Dymsza | comedy | |
| 1956 |||||
| Kanał | Andrzej Wajda | | | Entered into the 1957 Cannes Film Festival |
| Man on the Tracks | Andrzej Munk | Kazimierz Opalinski | | |
| 1957 |||||
| The Real End of the Great War | Jerzy Kawalerowicz | Lucyna Winnicka | Drama | |
| 1958 |||||
| Ashes and Diamonds | Andrzej Wajda | Zbigniew Cybulski | War | |
| Rainy July (pl) | Leonard Buczkowski | Urszula Modrzynska, Ryszard Barycz, Jan Kurnakowicz | | |
| 1959 |||||
| Argument About Basia | | | | |
| Night Train | Jerzy Kawalerowicz | Lucyna Winnicka, Leon Niemczyk | Thriller | |
| The Eagle | Leonard Buczkowski | | | Entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival |
# The Peking Medallion

The Peking Medallion (also known as The Corrupt Ones and Hell to Macao; Germany: Die Hölle von Macao) is a 1967 crime film directed by James Hill, starring Elke Sommer, Robert Stack, Nancy Kwan and Werner Peters. The film was a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany although it was shot in English.
Stack called it "a derring-do, hidden treasure stinker" which he did for the money and because he admired Hill's Born Free (1966).

## Synopsis

A freelance photographer discovers an ancient treasure, the Peking Medallion, which also attracts the attention of a number of criminal gangs.

## Cast

* Elke Sommer as Lilly Mancini
* Robert Stack as Cliff Wilder
* Nancy Kwan as Tina
* Werner Peters as Pinto
* Christian Marquand as Jay Brandon
* Maurizio Arena as Mancini
* Richard Haller [de] as Kua-Song
* Hans Heyde as Hugo
* Marisa Merlini as Madame Vulcano

## Production

It was made at the Spandau Studios in Berlin with location shooting in Hong Kong. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Jürgen Kiebach and Ernst Schomer.

## Music

The title song "The Corrupt Ones", was performed by Dusty Springfield. It appeared as the B-side of her US Top 40 single "I'll Try Anything" in early 1967.

## Reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "The machinations of two criminal rings to uncover long-lost treasure appears somewhat quaint and old-fashioned after the intricacies of the spy formula, although attempts have been made to up-date the theme with an excessive emphasis on exposed flesh and some particularly sadistic torture scenes. James Hill's direction gives the film some kind of style and pace, in spite of a thoroughly portentous script. Performances are generally rather wooden apart from Werner Peters' police chief."
Variety wrote: "Pic is an old-fashioned meller, updated with overdone sadistic bits and a little sex. ... There is no tongue in cheek, and the action is straightforward robbers-and-robbers material, but routine. Stack, for example, is necking with every dame he meets within 60 seconds; the plotting also is cliche in various menacing expressions. ... James Hill, who also directed Born Free, has less interesting material with which to work, although his use of Stack and minor players is okay. Miss Sommer has one fixed expression, except when she is being tortured by Miss Kwan, herself changing from dead pan in these brief moments."
Tony Mastroianni's review for the Cleveland Press stated the film was "handsomely photographed" and merited recognition for its pace but he also criticized "unnecessarily sadistic torture sequences".
# Ofanim (charity)

Ofanim is an Israeli nonprofit organization that brings education to some of the poorest and most remote villages in Israel through mobile classrooms.
# Tian mi mi (disambiguation)

Tian mi mi (Chinese: 甜蜜蜜; lit. 'Sweet') is a song by Teresa Wang
Tian mi mi may also refer to:
* Comrades: Almost a Love Story (called "Tianmimi" in Chinese release), a 1996 Hong King film
* Tian Mimi, a book by Theresa Fu
* "Sweet", a song by Fiona Fit from the 2008 album Smile
* "Sweet", a song by Leo Ku from the 2005 album Star Track
# Charles Carpenter (American football)

Charles H. Carpenter (March 11, 1898 – June 22, 1975) was an American football player. He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers football team of the University of Wisconsin and was captain of the 1919 Wisconsin Badgers football team. He was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American at the center position in 1919. While attending Wisconsin, Carpenter was also a member of Alpha Delta Phi, Iron Cross, White Spades, Skull and Crescent, Star and Arrow, and Student Council of Defense, and president of the Athletic Board.
In 1920, Carpenter became an assistant football coach at Stanford.
# Ambadi Thannilorunni

Ambadi Thannilorunni is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Alleppey Ranganath and produced by C. S. Abraham. The film stars Jagathy Sreekumar, Anand, Vinayan and C. S. Abraham in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Alleppey Ranganath. The movie takes its title from a song in the 1972 movie Chembarathi.

## Cast

* Jagathy Sreekumar
* Anand as Deepu
* Vinayan
* C. S. Abraham
* M. G. Soman
* Minumohan
* Santhakumari
* Soumini as Stella

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Alleppey Ranganath and the lyrics were written by Muttar Sasikumar.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Aalaapanam" | K. S. Chithra | Muttar Sasikumar |
| 2 | "Akkuthikkuthaanavarambe" | K. J. Yesudas, Ashalatha, Ampalappuzha Jyothy | Muttar Sasikumar |
| 3 | "Sandhye Shaarada Sandhye" | K. J. Yesudas | Muttar Sasikumar |
# Ambalapravu

Ambalapravu is a 1970 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Bhaskaran and produced by T.Thara Chand Barjathya. The film stars Prem Nazir, Sheela, Madhu and Sharada in the lead roles. The film had musical score by M. S. Baburaj.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Udhaya Varma
* Sheela as Sharadha
* Madhu as Rajendran
* Sharada as Indumathi
* Adoor Bhasi as Shankara Pilla
* Kottayam Santha as Nani Amma
* P. J. Antony as Menon
* Sankaradi as Dhamu
* T. R. Omana as Subhadra Thamburatti
* Abbas
* Aranmula Ponnamma as Saraswathi Amma
* Bahadoor as Nalinakshan
* C. A. Balan as Achutha Warrior
* K. P. Ummer as Appunni
* Kaduvakulam Antony
* Khadeeja as Madhavi
* Madhubala
* Meena as Rudhrani
* K. S. Parvathy as Meenakshi Amma
* Paravoor Bharathan
* Philomina
* Puthuval
* Raghava Menon
* Raman
* Ramankutty as Judge
* TKR Bhadran
* Veeran as Adhithya Varma

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. S. Baburaj and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Dukhangalkkinnu Njan" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran |
| 2 | "Kuppaayakkeeshamel" | P. Jayachandran | P. Bhaskaran |
| 3 | "Maavupoothu Maathalam Poothu" | S. Janaki | P. Bhaskaran |
| 4 | "Pramadavanathil" | P. Leela | P. Bhaskaran |
| 5 | "Thaane Thirinjum" | S. Janaki | P. Bhaskaran |
# Francesco Scorsa

Francesco Scorsa (17 December 1946 – 19 August 2023) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender and a football manager.

## Playing career

Scorsa played in the Serie D in 1966 with A.S.D. Cervia 1920. In 1968, he played in the Serie B with Cesena F.C. after four seasons with Cesena he played in the Serie A with Bologna F.C. 1909. He made his Serie A debut on 1 October 1972 against Inter Milan. The following season he played with Foggia Calcio, and later with Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. In 1976, he returned to the Serie B with Ascoli, and secured promotion to the Serie A by winning the Serie B in 1977–78.
In 1982, he played abroad in the National Soccer League with Toronto Italia on a loan deal. In 1983, he played in the Serie C2 with Ravenna F.C.

## Managerial career

Scorsa became a head coach in 1985 with U.S. Catanzaro 1929. He managed teams in the Serie B such as Messina, and A.S.D. Licata 1931. He also managed Alma Juventus Fano 1906, A.S.D. F.C. S.S. Nola 1925, Vigor Lamezia, S.S.D. Casarano Calcio, and Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C.

## Death

Scorsa died on 19 August 2023, at the age of 76.
# Ambati Brahmanaiah

Ambati Brahmanaiah (died 21 April 2013) was an Indian politician who was the MP for Machilipatnam 1999–2004, the MLA for Machilipatnam 1994–1999 (The other Contestants at that period are Perni Venkatramayya from Indian National Congress Party and Thota Chalapathi Rao), and Avanigadda (since 2009). He was also the leader of the TDP.
# Irreligion in the United Arab Emirates

Irreligion in the United Arab Emirates is rare, with only up to 4% of people reporting irreligious beliefs according to a Gallup poll. It is illegal for Muslims, with apostates from Islam facing a maximum sentence of the death penalty under the country's anti-blasphemy law (though this has never resulted in any form of execution in the country’s history). As such, there have been questions regarding freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates.
Atheism in the region is mainly present among foreign expatriates and a very small number of local youth. According to Sultan Sooud Al-Qassemi, due to Islam being founded in the Arabian Peninsula over 1,400 years ago, the Persian Gulf region enjoys a long Islamic history and tradition, and it is strongly associated with national identity; thus, any distancing or criticism of religion "equates to distancing oneself from national identity". Al-Qassemi notes that the use of social media via the internet remains the strongest medium of expression for Gulf atheists, while providing anonymity; a pioneering Gulf blogger is the Emirati atheist Ahmed Ben Kerishan, who is known in the Arabic blogosphere for advocating atheist and secular views.
# WLWX (FM)

WLWX (88.1 FM) is a radio station that, until November 2020, was broadcasting the K-Love Classics Christian classic hits format. Upon the network's closure, the station began airing K-LOVE Christmas, a seasonal branding of EMF. Licensed to Wheaton, Illinois, United States, it serves the Chicago area. The station is currently owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), which acquired it from Wheaton College in 2017.

## History

Wheaton College's first carrier-current AM station went on the air in 1947 as WHON. It moved to become licensed 88.1 FM WETN in 1962. In 1979, the station was authorized to raise its power to 250 watts. Originally operating just 23 hours a week, the station began broadcasting 24 hours a day in 1984.
EMF purchased the license for WETN from Wheaton College effective February 28, 2017 for $150,000. The station changed its call sign to WAIW on March 1, 2017, and carried the Air 1 Christian Hits format until August 2018, when it flipped to the Christian classic hits K-Love Classics format.
Under the K-LOVE Classics branding, WAIW aired music by artists such as Bryan Duncan, Amy Grant, Keith Green, Michael W. Smith, 4 Him, and Steven Curtis Chapman. On January 1, 2021, WAIW started airing K-LOVE 90's.
On January 11, 2021, WAIW swapped call signs with EMF's Winchester, Virginia-based WLWX.
# Amethi, Lucknow

Amethi is a town and a nagar panchayat in the Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Geography

Amethi is located at 26°46′N 81°09′E﻿ / ﻿26.76°N 81.15°E﻿ / 26.76; 81.15.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Amethi had a population of 11,366. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Amethi has an average literacy rate of 75%. In Amethi, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Notable people

* Hashmat Ali Khan, Islamic scholar
# Hjorted

Hjorted is a locality situated in Västervik Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 324 inhabitants in 2010.

## Notable people

* Erik Reimhult (1915-1999), sculptor
# Golden angle

In geometry, the golden angle is the smaller of the two angles created by sectioning the circumference of a circle according to the golden ratio; that is, into two arcs such that the ratio of the length of the smaller arc to the length of the larger arc is the same as the ratio of the length of the larger arc to the full circumference of the circle.
Algebraically, let a+b be the circumference of a circle, divided into a longer arc of length a and a smaller arc of length b such that
    ${\frac {a+b}{a}}={\frac {a}{b}}$
The golden angle is then the angle subtended by the smaller arc of length b. It measures approximately 137.5077640500378546463487...° OEIS: A096627 or in radians 2.39996322972865332... OEIS: A131988.
The name comes from the golden angle's connection to the golden ratio φ; the exact value of the golden angle is
    $360\left(1-{\frac {1}{\varphi }}\right)=360(2-\varphi )={\frac {360}{\varphi ^{2}}}=180(3-{\sqrt {5}}){\text{ degrees}}$
or
    $2\pi \left(1-{\frac {1}{\varphi }}\right)=2\pi (2-\varphi )={\frac {2\pi }{\varphi ^{2}}}=\pi (3-{\sqrt {5}}){\text{ radians}},$
where the equivalences follow from well-known algebraic properties of the golden ratio.
As its sine and cosine are transcendental numbers, the golden angle cannot be constructed using a straightedge and compass.

## Derivation

The golden ratio is equal to φ = a/b given the conditions above.
Let ƒ be the fraction of the circumference subtended by the golden angle, or equivalently, the golden angle divided by the angular measurement of the circle.
    $f={\frac {b}{a+b}}={\frac {1}{1+\varphi }}.$
But since
    ${1+\varphi }=\varphi ^{2},$
it follows that
    $f={\frac {1}{\varphi ^{2}}}$
This is equivalent to saying that φ$^2$ golden angles can fit in a circle.
The fraction of a circle occupied by the golden angle is therefore
    $f\approx 0.381966.\,$
The golden angle g can therefore be numerically approximated in degrees as:
    $g\approx 360\times 0.381966\approx 137.508^{\circ },\,$
or in radians as :
    $g\approx 2\pi \times 0.381966\approx 2.39996.\,$

## Golden angle in nature

The golden angle plays a significant role in the theory of phyllotaxis; for example, the golden angle is the angle separating the florets on a sunflower. Analysis of the pattern shows that it is highly sensitive to the angle separating the individual primordia, with the Fibonacci angle giving the parastichy with optimal packing density.
Mathematical modelling of a plausible physical mechanism for floret development has shown the pattern arising spontaneously from the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation on a plane.