# Konrad Bauer

Konrad Bauer (9 February 1919 – 17 June 1990) was a Luftwaffe fighter pilot during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Bauer claimed 57 aerial victories, 39 over the Western Front and 18 over the Eastern Front.
Bauer claimed his first of 18 victories over the Eastern Front on 20 March 1943. In 1944 he was transferred to the Western Front where he claimed another 39 victories. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 31 October 1944 after his 34th victory. After the war he joined the new Luftwaffe and retired as a Hauptmann in 1960.

## Career

Bauer was born on 9 February 1919 in Gelsenkirchen in the Ruhrgebiet of the Weimar Republic.
In January 1944, Bauer flew with the Stabsstaffel (headquarters squadron) of JG 51 which was based at Bobruysk and headed by Hauptmann Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber. Bauer claimed his first aerial victories with the Stabsstaffel on 10 January, flying fighter escort missions for Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers attacking Soviet positions in the area of Zhlobin. That day, Bauer was credited with the destruction of a Yakovlev Yak-7 fighter and an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft. Two days later Bauer was credited with his last aerial victories on the Eastern Front in the same combat area. He claimed three Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers destroyed but received credit for only two of them.

### Defense of the Reich

On 10 June 1944, Bauer was transferred to II. Sturmgruppe (2nd assault group) of Jagdgeschwader 300 "Wilde Sau" (JG 300—300th Fighter Wing) flying defense of the Reich missions. There, he was assigned to 5. Staffel. At the time, the Sturmgruppe was based at Merzhausen and moved to Frankfurt Airfield on 12 June. Three days later, the Sturmgruppe relocated to Unterschlauersbach, present-day part of Großhabersdorf. Here on 7 July, a force of 1,129 B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Eighth Air Force set out from England to bomb aircraft factories in the Leipzig area and the synthetic oil plants at Boehlen, Leuna-Merseburg and Lützkendorf. This formation was intercepted by a German Gefechtsverband (combat formation) consisting of IV. Sturmgruppe of JG 3, led by Hauptmann Wilhelm Moritz, escorted by two Gruppen of Messerschmitt Bf 109s from JG 300 led by Major Walther Dahl. Dahl and Moritz drove the attack to point-blank range behind the Liberators of the 492d Bombardment Group before opening fire. 492d Bombardment Group was temporarily without fighter cover. Within about a minute the entire squadron of twelve B-24s had been annihilated. The Germans claimed 28 USAAF 2nd Air Division B-24s that day and were credited with at least 21. The majority to the Sturmgruppe attack. In this encounter, also known as the Luftschlacht bei Oschersleben (aerial battle at Oschersleben), Bauer claimed his first aerial victories with JG 300, two B-24 bombers shot down near Artern, and a few minutes later an escorting Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter near Wernigerode.
On 12 July, II. Sturmgruppe moved from Unterschlauersbach to Holzkirchen. On 27 July, the USAAF Fifteenth Air Force sent 295 B-24 and 109 B-17 bombers on mission to bomb the armament factories located at Budapest. This formation was first intercepted by fighters at 09:25 over Lake Balaton from I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 302 (JG 302—302nd Fighter Wing), II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) and the Hungarian 101st Home Air Defence Fighter Group (101. Honi Légvédelmi Vadászrepülő Osztály). Twenty to thirty minutes later, Bretschneider led an attack of 15 Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters from II. Gruppe in an attack on a combat box formation of B-24 bombers in the area Pápa and Budapest. In this attack, Brettschneider claimed three B-24 bombers shot down but also had to bail out of Fw 190 was hit in the engine.
On 9 August, Bauer made a forced landing in his Fw 190 A at Griesheim Airfield following combat with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers. In August, the Sturmgruppe moved to Erfurt–Bindersleben Airfield. On 15 August, the USAAF Eighth Air Force attacked various Luftwaffe airfields in Germany. That day, Bauer claimed a B-17 bomber shot down. On 11 September, the USAAF Eighth Air Force sent a force of 1,131 bombers against German oil refineries and synthetic-fuel factories. That day, Bauer claimed three escorting North American P-51 Mustang fighters shot down in aerial combat ranging from 7,000 to 50 meters (22,970 to 160 feet). In this encounter, Bauer's Fw 190 A-8 (Werknummer 681469—factory number) was also hit, resulting in a forced landing near Nordhausen. Bauer, who had two fingers shot off from his right hand, struggled to escape from his cockpit when his aircraft came under strafing attack from marauding P-51 fighters. Crouched up behind the armor plating, he survived the attack and was hospitalized at Nordhausen. Six weeks later, he rejoined his unit but did not fly regularly for the final months of the war. Bauer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 31 October for 34 aerial victories.
On 9 February 1945, the USAAF Eighth Air Force attacked German synthetic-fuel manufacturing and transportation infrastructure with a force of 1,296 bombers escorted by more than 800 fighter aircraft. II. Gruppe attacked a formation of B-24 bombers near Magdeburg. Avoiding the fighter escorts, the Gruppe claimed two B-24 bombers shot down eat of Magdeburg, including one by Bauer, his first claim since the injuries sustained on 11 September 1944. On 22 February, II. Gruppe was placed under command of Oberleutnant Waldemar Radener. On 30 April, Bauer belonged to a group of ten soldiers hiding in a forest near Holzkirchen to avoid capture by advancing American forces.

## Summary of career
### Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Bauer was credited with 57 aerial victories. Obermaier also lists Bauer with 57 aerial victory claims, 39 over the Western Front, including 32 four-engine bombers, and 18 over the Eastern Front. According to Weal, he was credited with 68 aerial victories. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 38 aerial victory claims, plus further ten unconfirmed claims. The number of confirmed claims includes 16 on the Eastern Front and 22 on the Western Front, including 13 four-engine bombers.
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 35 Ost 25281". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km$^2$). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.
Chronicle of aerial victories :
| This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Bauer an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" – Eastern Front — March – August 1943 ||||||||||
| 1 | 20 March 1943 | 15:25 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 25281 | 3? | 2 August 1943 | 08:42 | Il-2 m.H. | PQ 35 Ost 53681 |
| 2 | 17 July 1943 | 08:11 | Il-2 m.H. | PQ 35 Ost 63643 vicinity of Lukowets | | | | | |
| – Stabsstaffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" – Eastern Front — September – 31 December 1943 ||||||||||
| 4 | 1 September 1943 | 18:12 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 25467 20 km (12 mi) west-northwest of Yelnya | 9♠ | 15 December 1943 | 10:06 | Boston | PQ 25 Ost 93276 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Parichi |
| 5 | 2 September 1943 | 11:10 | Il-2 m.H. | PQ 35 Ost 25496, west of Yelnya 20 km (12 mi) west of Yelnya | 10♠ | 15 December 1943 | 10:07 | Boston | PQ 25 Ost 93425, southwest of Zhlobin 20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Parichi |
| 6 | 5 September 1943 | 11:23 | Il-2 m.H. | southwest of Yelnya 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Yelnya | 11♠ | 15 December 1943 | 10:09 | Il-2 m.H. | PQ 25 Ost 93436 20 km (12 mi) south of Zhlobin |
| 7 | 29 November 1943 | 14:24 | Pe-2 | 25 km (16 mi) east of Zhlobin | 12♠ | 15 December 1943 | 10:09 | Il-2 m.H. | PQ 35 Ost 03311 20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Zhlobin |
| 8♠ | 15 December 1943 | 08:20 | Il-2 m.H. | PQ 35 Ost 03176 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Zhlobin | 13♠ | 15 December 1943 | 10:10 | Il-2 m.H. | PQ 25 Ost 93299, 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Zhlobin |
| – Stabsstaffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" – Eastern Front — January 1944 ||||||||||
| 14 | 10 January 1944 | 11:15 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 93566 20 km (12 mi) west-southwest of Talachyn | 17 | 12 January 1944 | 12:06 | Pe-2 | PQ 25 Ost 93626 40 km (25 mi) north-northeast of Mazyr |
| 15 | 10 January 1944 | 11:17 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 93617 40 km (25 mi) south-southeast of Parichi | —? | 12 January 1944 | — | Pe-2 | |
| 16 | 12 January 1944 | 12:05 | Pe-2 | PQ 25 Ost 93627 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Parichi | | | | | |
| – 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" – Defense of the Reich — April 1944 ||||||||||
| 19 | 18 April 1944 | 14:50 | B-17 | PQ 15 Ost S/EG-4/3 Zehdenick | 21? | 24 May 1944 | — | B-17 | |
| 20? | 24 May 1944 | — | B-17 | | | | | | |
| – 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 300 "Wilde Sau" – Defense of the Reich — June – August 1944 ||||||||||
| —? | 13 June 1944 | — | B-24 | vicinity of Munich | 27 | 20 July 1944 | 11:06 | B-17 | Zwickau |
| —? | 13 June 1944 | — | B-24 | vicinity of Munich | 28 | 25 July 1944 | 11:08 | B-24 | PQ 14 Ost N/CL Grein forest, west of Krems an der Donau Martinsburg/Spitz |
| —? | 20 June 1944 | — | B-24 | | 29 | 27 July 1944 | 10:00 | B-24 | PQ 14 Ost N/GR-7 Mór Székesfehérvár |
| —? | 20 June 1944 | — | B-24 | | 30 | 27 July 1944 | 10:00 | B-24 | PQ 14 Ost N/GR 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Mór Székesfehérvár |
| —? | 26 June 1944 | — | B-24 | | 31 | 27 July 1944 | 10:01 | B-24 | PQ 14 Ost N/GR Mór Székesfehérvár |
| —? | 26 June 1944 | — | B-24 | | 32 | 9 August 1944 | 10:45 | B-17 | Herrenberg, southwest of Stuttgart Wildberg |
| —? | 29 June 1944 | — | B-17 | vicinity of Naumburg | 33 | 15 August 1944 | 11:45 | B-17 | Schwarzenborn, northeast of Bitburg vicinity of Kyllburg |
| —? | 29 June 1944 | — | B-17 | | 34 | 22 August 1944 | 10:05 | B-24 | PQ 14 Ost N/HP Celldömölk-Sümeg/Herend Nagykanizsa |
| 22 | 7 July 1944 | 09:36 | B-24 | PQ 15 Ost S/LC Artern | 35 | 23 August 1944 | 12:18 | P-51 | PQ 14 Ost N/FL-5 Seeberg Hochschwab |
| 23 | 7 July 1944 | 09:37 | B-24 | PQ 15 Ost S/LC Artern | 36 | 23 August 1944 | 12:19 | P-51 | PQ 14 Ost N/FL-5 Seeberg Hochschwab |
| 24 | 7 July 1944 | 09:46 | P-38 | PQ 15 Ost S/JB Wernigerode | 37 | 29 August 1944 | 10:45 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/UR Púchov Brno |
| —? | 16 July 1944 | — | B-17 | vicinity of Weilheim | 38 | 11 September 1944 | 11:52 | P-51 | PQ 05 Ost S/MU, Lichtenau-Rotenburg |
| —? | 16 July 1944 | — | B-17 | vicinity of Weilheim | 39 | 11 September 1944 | 11:53 | P-51 | PQ 05 Ost S/MU, Lichtenau-Rotenburg |
| 25 | 19 July 1944 | 09:35 | P-51 | PQ 14 Ost N/EA-6 Obergünzburg | 40 | 11 September 1944 | 11:58 | P-51 | PQ 05 Ost S/NT, Schwalmstadt-Ziegenhain |
| 26 | 20 July 1944 | 11:05 | B-17 | Zwickau | | | | | |
| – 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 300 "Wilde Sau" – Defense of the Reich — September 1944 – May 1945 ||||||||||
| 41 | 9 February 1945 | — | B-24 | Magdeburg | 42 | 2 April 1945 | 15:00–15:15 | P-51 | west of Halle |

### Awards

* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
* Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 8 May 1944 as Feldwebel and pilot
* German Cross in Gold on 10 July 1944 as Feldwebel in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 300
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 31 October 1944 as Feldwebel and pilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 300