OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Impasse

A bargaining impasse (French pronunciation:) occurs when the two sides negotiating an agreement are unable to reach an agreement and become deadlocked. An impasse is almost invariably mutually harmful, either as a result of direct action which may be taken such as a strike in employment negotiation or sanctions/military action in international relations, or simply due to the resulting delay in negotiating a mutually beneficial agreement. The word impasse may also refer to any situation in which no progress can be made. Impasses provide opportunities for problem solving to provide an insight that leads to progress.
Impasse can provide a credible signal that a party's position is genuine and not merely an ambit claim.
Impasse may also arise if parties suffer from self-serving bias. Most disputes arise in situations where facts are able to be interpreted in multiple ways, and if parties interpret the facts to their own benefit they may be unable to accept the opposing party's claim as reasonable. They may believe the other side is either bluffing or acting unfairly and deserves to be "punished".
As bargaining impasse is mutually harmful, it may be beneficial for the parties to accept binding arbitration or mediation to settle their dispute, or the state may impose such a solution. Indeed, compulsory arbitration following impasse is a common feature of industrial relations law in the United States and elsewhere.
The word impasse is taken from the French impasse.
# Villa Malfitano Whitaker

Villa Malfitano Whitaker is a 19th-century villa in Via Dante, in the quarter of Politeama of Palermo, Sicily. It is presently a museum displaying Whitaker's natural history and archaeological collections, as well as his artwork.

## History

The villa was built between 1886 and 1889 for the Anglo-Sicilian businessman Joseph Whitaker and his wife Tina Whitaker. It was designed by the architect Ignazio Greco and represents a synthesis of Neo-Renaissance and Eclecticism styles. The state rooms were frescoed with a rich floral trompe-l’oeil decoration by Ettore De Maria Bergler. Other smaller rooms have Flemish tapestries with scenes from the Aeneid and frescoes by Rocco Lentini and stuccoes by Salvatore Valenti.
The garden of the villa was designed by Emilio Kunzmann and covers about seven hectares. Many rare plants from Tunisia, Sumatra, Australia and South America are located in it.
During the Belle Époque age the villa was the venue for lavish parties. The Whitaker family knew artists like Richard Wagner and the imperial dynasties of Great Britain, Germany and Russia.
The villa is currently the headquarters of the Whitaker Foundation.
# Prisoners of the Sun (video game)

Prisoners of the Sun (French: Tintin: Le Temple du Soleil, Spanish: Tintin: El Templo del Sol) is a video game based on The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun from the series The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. It was released for the SNES, Windows, Game Boy by late 1997 and for the Game Boy Color in 2000.

## Gameplay

Prisoners of the Sun is a Platform game. The player controls the character Tintin around obstacles and through challenges to complete the various levels of the game. The gameplay and animation of this game is similar to Infogrames' previous release, Tintin in Tibet, which was released in 1995.

## Release

It was released in 1997 for PC, SNES and Game Boy and later re-released in 2000 for Game Boy Color.
# Pat Fitzsimons

Pat Fitzsimons (born December 15, 1950) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour and the Nike Tour.
Fitzsimons was born in Coos Bay, Oregon. He attended the University of Oregon. He turned professional in 1971.
Fitzsimons had eleven top-10 finishes in official PGA Tour events including a win at the 1975 Glen Campbell-Los Angeles Open. His career year was 1975 when he received Golf Digest's Most Improved Golfer award and was named Oregon's pro athlete of the year. His best finish in a major championship was T-9 at the 1975 U.S. Open. He lived in Prineville, Oregon during much of his regular career.
Fitzsimons played some on the Nike Tour during his late forties to prepare for the Champions Tour. His best finish in a Nike Tour event was a T-5 at the 1995 NIKE Tri-Cities Open. After reaching the age of 50 in December 2000, he began play on the Champions Tour but with very limited success.
Fitzsimons works with Bobby Walzel and Bunky Henry at GolfQuest, a Houston-based company which organizes corporate golf retreats. He also works as a teaching pro at The Palms Golf Club in La Quinta, California. He lives in the greater San Diego area and has two sons.

## Professional wins (11)
### PGA Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | Feb 23, 1975 | Glen Campbell-Los Angeles Open | −9 (70-71-64-70=275) | 4 strokes | Tom Kite |

### Other wins (10)

* 1968 Oregon Open (as an amateur)
* 1969 Northwest Open (as an amateur)
* 1976 Pacific Northwest PGA Championship
* 1977 Northwest Open
* 1981 Northwest Open
* 1983 Pacific Northwest PGA Championship, Al C. Giusti Memorial Tournament
* 1985 Pacific Northwest PGA Championship
* 1995 Al C. Giusti Memorial Tournament
* 1990 Oregon Open
# Steve Pegues

Steven Antone Pegues (born May 21, 1968) is a former Major League Baseball player.

## Career

Pegues was drafted in the first round of the 1987 amateur draft by the Detroit Tigers and debuted with the Cincinnati Reds on July 6, 1994. During his rookie campaign he batted .361 in 18 games with both the Reds and the Pittsburgh Pirates.
# Henry Gillman

Henry Gillman (November 16, 1833 – July 30, 1915) was an ethnologist, curator for the Detroit Scientific Society, a librarian at the Detroit Public Library, and later he was affiliated with Harvard University's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Early in his career he was a survey assistant for the U.S. Department of War and made charts of many Michigan locations.

## Biography

Henry Gillman was born in Kinsale, Ireland on November 16, 1833.
In 1876, Gillman, working with the Peabody Museum and with the permission of the U.S. government, excavated the remains of the Fort Wayne burial mound. His findings were published in a report and the artifacts were given to the Peabody Museum. He had opened other mounds around Detroit and the River Rouge areas as well.
He served as consul of the United States to Jerusalem from 1886 to 1891.
He died in Detroit on July 30, 1915.

## Selected bibliography

* Gillman, Henry. "The Mound-Builders in Michigan." Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society, Collections 2 (1880): 40–52.
       Article read before the annual meeting of the Pioneer Society, 1877.
       Also available at Pure Michigan.com.
* Gillman, Henry. "Peculiarities of the Femora from tumuli in Michigan," "Some Observations on the Orbits of the Mound Crania," and "Investigation of the Burial Mound at Fort Wayne on the Detroit River, Michigan." Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 25 (1877): 300–324.
* Gillman, Henry. "Certain Characteristics Pertaining to Ancient Man in Michigan." Miscellaneous Documents of the Senate of the United States, 1st sess., 44th Cong. (1876), 234–245.
* Gillman, Henry. "The Ancient Men of the Great Lakes." Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 25 (1876): 316–331.
* He also gave a similar report of his mound-builders in the Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1873. See The mound-builders and platycnemism in Michigan Reprinted from Smithsonian report for 1873. "Certain characteristics pertaining to ancient man in Michigan," Reprinted from Smithsonian report for 1875.
* Henry Gillman. "Ancient Works at Isle Royale, Michigan." Appletons' Journal: A Magazine of General Literature 10, no. 229, August 9, 1873, 173–175.
* Henry Gillman. "Hassan : a Fellah : a Romance of Palestine" .The American News Company Publishers' Agents . 1898
# Wes Sandle

Weston James Sandle ONZM FRSNZ (19 March 1935 – 19 February 2020) was a New Zealand physicist who specialised in the study of lasers. He was a professor at the University of Otago.

## Biography

Born in Christchurch on 19 March 1935, Sandle was educated at Christchurch Boys' High School, and went on to study at Canterbury University College, graduating Master of Science with first-class honours in mathematics in 1958. He was awarded a King George VI Memorial Fellowship by the English Speaking Union of the Commonwealth to study at the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a Master of Arts degree, and then a PhD in physics in 1968. The title of his doctoral thesis was $^{19}$F nuclear magnetic resonance in the canted antiferromagnet KMnF$_3$.
Appointed to the faculty of the University of Otago in 1963, Sandle rose to become a full professor in 1986. He served as head of the Department of Physics at Otago for a time, and retired in 2001, when he was accorded the title of professor emeritus. Much of Sandle's research was concerned with laser theory and the application of lasers, including laser stability, Raman lasers, and laser cavity resonators. He was also interested in optical switches, optical pumping, optical bistability and optical chaos.
In 1998, Sandle was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand, and he was also a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Physics. In the 2004 New Year Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to science.
Sandle was predeceased by his wife, Pat, to whom he was married for 56 years, in 2019. He died in Dunedin on 19 February 2020.

## Selected works

* Sandle, Wes; Manson, Peter; Warrington, Don (1998). Chaotic polarization behavior in a Raman laser. LEOS'98, 11th Annual Meeting, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society. Vol. 1. IEEE. pp. 407–408.
* Dodd, J. N.; Sandle, W. J.; Zissermann, D. (1967). "Study of resonance fluorescence in cadmium: modulation effects and lifetime measurements". Proceedings of the Physical Society. 92 (2): 497. doi:10.1088/0370-1328/92/2/327.
* Boshier, M. G.; Sandle, W. J. (1982). "Self-focussing in a vapour of two-state atoms". Optics Communications. 42 (5): 371–376. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(82)90251-6.
* Sandle, W. J.; Gallagher, Alan (1981). "Optical bistability by an atomic vapor in a focusing Fabry-Perot cavity". Physical Review A. 24 (4): 2017. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.24.2017.
# Alessandro Bettega

Alessandro Bettega (born 5 May 1987) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the son of former Juventus and Italian international footballer Roberto Bettega, who also served as Juventus's vice-president.

## Career

Bettega began his career is a product of the Juventus youth system and played for the youth teams alongside Claudio Marchisio, Paolo De Ceglie, Domenico Criscito and Sebastian Giovinco. He was part of their title-winning Primavera team during the 2005–06 season, and they were all promoted to the Juventus first team during the 2006–07 season, following the club's relegation to Serie B due to their involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal.
With Juventus back in the Serie A the following season, he left the club after failing to establish himself in the first team. He is currently playing for Valle del Giovenco in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione.
# Micah Masei

Micah Masei (born 22 March 1999) is an American Samoan swimmer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Masei was educated at West Salem High School, and later at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
In 2019 he represented American Samoa at the FINA World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea.
# Soekarja Somadikarta

Soekarja Somadikarta (born 21 April 1930) is an Indonesian ornithologist and a professor emeritus at the University of Indonesia. He has been described as "the father of Indonesian Ornithology who also pioneered the forerunner of systematic bird observation research in Indonesia."
The Togian white-eye (Zosterops somadikartai), a bird found in the Togian islands of Indonesia, was named in honor of Soekarja Somadikarta.
He won the 2011 Habibie Award.

## Articles

* Somadikarta, Soekarja (1967). "A Recharacterization of Collocalia papuensis Rand, the Three-toed Swiftlet" (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 124 (3629). Washington, D.C.: 1–8. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.124-3629.1 – via Smithsonian Institution.</ref>
* Somadikarta, Soekarja (1968). "The Giant Swiftlet, Collocalia gigas Hartert and Butler". The Auk. 85 (4): 549–559. doi:10.2307/4083365. JSTOR 4083365.
# Reebee Garofalo

Reebee Garofalo is an American musician, activist and music scholar known for his work organizing street festivals such as the HONK! Fest and writing books about popular music. Garofalo created a Genealogy of Pop/Rock Music chart which was reproduced in Edward Tufte's book Visual Explanations.
Garofalo earned an EdD from Harvard University in Clinical Psychology and Public Practice in 1974. He was a founding member of Massachusetts Rock Against Racism in 1979. The group, responding to a request from students at the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School created a multimedia presentation called "Rock and Rap" using music and local DJs to highlight how music could bring people together. The group aligned with other progressive organizations and the black community in the 1980s and worked with the Boston Public Schools create video programming that was "youth-oriented anti-racist programming" which was shown in hundreds of thousands of homes in the greater Boston area.
Garofalo taught at the College of Public and Community Service at the University of Massachusetts Boston for thirty-three years and is currently professor emeritus.
# Thomas Legge

Thomas Legge (/lɛɡ/; 1535 – 12 July 1607) was an English educator and playwright, prominently known for his play Richardus Tertius, which is considered to be the first history play written in England.

## Earky life and education

Legge was the second of three sons born to Stephen and Margaret Legge in 1535. Originally from Norwich, Legge moved to Cambridge in 1552 where he matriculated to Corpus Christi College . Soon after he moved again to attend Trinity College, where he received a B.A. in 1556. He then went on to attend Oxford in 1566, where he received his master's degree.

## Career

In 1568, Legge became a member of the faculty at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he was known to be an active tutor and a proponent of the old way of thinking in religious matters.
On 27 June 1573, Legge was appointed master of Caius College, taking many students from Jesus College with him when he left. While in office at Caius, Legge stirred up trouble by promoting John Depup, M.A. to a fellowship, which Dr. Caius disagreed with because of Depup's leanings towards Catholic opinions. Legge was also accused of treating letters sent from the queen with contempt, and was charged with misappropriating college funds, a charge that was later settled within the administrative officials of the school.
Legge occupied many different positions at Caius, becoming commissary to the university in May 1579, and spent two separate terms, from 1587 to 1588 and from 1592 to 1593, as the vice-chancellor.

## Death and estate

Legge died on 12 July 1607 and was buried in Caius College Chapel. In his will, he left money to Caius College, which was used to build up the north side of the front court of the school.

## Plays

Legge is best known for his three-act Latin tragedy of Richardus Tertius or Richard III, which was performed at St John's College in 1579. This work is alluded to by Sir John Harington in his Brief Apologie of Poetry as a famous tragedy of this time, and is believed to be the play Cambridge men asked Lord Burghley's permission to substitute in 1592-1593 for the English comedy the queen had requested.
It is believed that this play was written based on information Legge took from Sir Thomas More's biography of Richard III. Because of this, Legge created a Richard who was not deformed and bitter at the world that rejected him, as with the Richard III made famous by Shakespeare, but rather an intelligent man with his own motives and agenda who uses everyone around him to get his way.
This play appears to be the first real history play written in England, and Legge changed the course of English drama by relying on Holinshed's chronicles as background to his play. Legge is also believed to have written a play about the Destruction of Jerusalem around 1577 that was taken from him before it could be made public.
# Planet Terror (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Empire | |
The soundtrack to Planet Terror (Robert Rodriguez's segment of Grindhouse) was released by Varèse Sarabande on April 3, 2007 from Varèse Sarabande, though the score managed to sell on iTunes a week early. Rodriguez revealed at Comic-Con 2006 that John Carpenter was in talks to compose the score, but decided not to write it, with Rodriguez eventually taking over. Inspiration for his score came from music composed by Carpenter; he said that during the filming of Planet Terror, Carpenter's music was often played on set. The soundtrack features two songs performed by Rose McGowan: a cover of the 1952 song "You Belong to Me" and the original songs "Useless Talent #32" and "Two Against the World". It also includes Nouvelle Vague's cover of Dead Kennedys' 1981 single "Too Drunk to Fuck".

## Personnel

* Robert Rodriguez – acoustic and electric guitars
* Rick Del Castillo – acoustic and electric guitars
* Michael Hardwick – lap steel guitar
* David Russo – keyboards, guitar
* Carl Thiel – piano, keyboards, rhythm guitar, bass, druns, vibraphone
* Brannen Temple – drums
* Johnny Reno – saxophone
* Rebecca Rodriguez – backing vocals
* Alex Ruiz – backing vocals
# Marble Mountains (Vietnam)

The Marble Mountains (Vietnamese: Ngũ Hành Sơn, Chữ Hán: 五行山; lit. "five elements mountains") are a cluster of five marble and limestone hills located in Ngũ Hành Sơn District, south of Da Nang city in Vietnam. The five mountains are named after the five elements: Kim (metal), Thủy (water), Mộc (wood), Hỏa (fire) and Thổ (earth).
All of the mountains have cave entrances and numerous tunnels, and it is possible to climb to the summit of Mount Thủy. Several Buddhist sanctuaries can also be found within the mountains, making this a tourist destination.
The area is known for stone sculpture making and stone-cutting crafts. Direct rock extraction from the mountains was banned recently. Materials are now being transported from quarries in Quảng Nam Province.
Marble Mountains was officially given the National Special Relic certificate by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism on January 20, 2019.

## Vietnam War

The mountains were very near the American Marble Mountain Air Facility during the Vietnam War. According to William Broyles Jr., the Marble Mountains contained a hospital for the Vietcong, probably within earshot of the American air field and Da Nang Beach (which bordered the air field on the side opposite the mountains). He describes the enemy as having been so "certain of our ignorance [...] that he had hidden his hospital in plain sight".

## Buddhist and Hindu grottoes

The Marble Mountains are home to several Buddhist and Hindu grottoes. A stairway of 156 steps leads to the summit of Thuy Son, the only Marble Mountain accessible to visitors. It allows a wide panoramic view of the surrounding area and the other marble mountains. There are a number of grottoes, including Huyen Khong and Tang Chon, and many Hindu and Buddhist sanctuaries, the temples of Tam Thai, Tu Tam and Linh Ung, and the pagoda of Pho Dong. The sanctuaries feature statues and relief depictions of religious scenes carved out of the marble.
* The cave and its small grotto-temples in 1860. Lithograph by Émile Therond.
* Mosaic dragon decorating a pillar at Thuy Son, at the Marble Mountains
* Tam Thai Pagoda
* Tam Tôn Pagoda
* Huyen Khong Buddhist grotto carved into the Marble Mountains
* Vishnu on Garuda, Champa sculpture found in Ngu Hanh Son
* Buddha Statue in Marble Mountain
# SS Canadian

History :
| Name | SS Canadian |
| Owner | Allan Line |
| Port of registry | London, United Kingdom |
| Builder | Robert Steele & Co. |
| Yard number | 21 |
| Launched | 10 December 1859 |
| Completed | March 1860 |
| Identification | 28222 |
| Fate | Struck an iceberg and sank 4 June 1861 |
| General characteristics ||
| Type | Passenger ship |
| Tonnage | 1.926 GRT |
| Length | 86.9 metres (285 ft 1 in) |
| Beam | 10.4 metres (34 ft 1 in) |
| Installed power | 1 x 2 cyl. Compound engine |
| Propulsion | Screw propeller |
| Speed | 12 knots |
| Capacity | 300 |
| Crew | 60 |
SS Canadian was a British passenger ship which struck an iceberg and sank in the Strait of Belle Isle while she was travelling from Quebec, Canada to Liverpool, United Kingdom in 1861. Thirty-five out of 301 persons aboard the ship perished in the disaster.

## Construction

SS Canadian was launched on 10 December 1859 and completed in March 1860 at the Robert Steele & Co. shipyard in Greenock, United Kingdom for the Allan Line.
The ship was 86.9 metres (285 ft 1 in) long, with a beam of 10.4 metres (34 ft 1 in) and was assessed at 1.926 GRT. She had one 2-cylinder compound engine driving a single screw propeller.

## Sinking

On 4 June 1861, SS Canadian sailed from Quebec, Canada to Liverpool, United Kingdom with 60 crew and 241 passengers on board. When the Canadian sailed through the Strait of Belle Isle, ice and thick weather started to form and the captain ordered to slow the ship to 5 knots while passing through the ice. At 11:50 AM the Canadian struck an iceberg which, was largely hidden underwater, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) north of Cape Bauld (51°30′N 55°30′W﻿ / ﻿51.500°N 55.500°W﻿ / 51.500; -55.500).
The collision fatally damaged the ship and the ship's 3 compartments were quickly flooded. Since the collision was at such a low speed and most passengers were preparing for lunch, most passengers did not know anything was wrong until they noticed that the crew, on order of the captain, were preparing the lifeboats to be lowered. Since the ship was sinking quickly, the crew needed to work very fast to evacuate everyone. All the lifeboats were safely launched except lifeboat No. 8, which capsized when being lowered, killing at least 30 people. The ship sank beneath the freezing ice-filled waters a half-hour after striking the iceberg. Some passengers and crew did not board a lifeboat and went down with the ship; in total 35 people perished in the disaster.
Among those who perished was mail officer James Panton, who is considered to be one a hero of the sinking. He managed to guide many people to the lifeboats and even saved some of his mailbags. He also gave up his seat in a lifeboat for a female passenger. Mr. Panton was last seen hanging by a rope over the side of the ship as it went down. The 266 survivors were soon picked up by four French fishing vessels and taken to Quirpon Bay.

## Wreck

Canadian sank 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) north of Cape Bauld, Newfoundland (51°30′N 55°30′W﻿ / ﻿51.500°N 55.500°W﻿ / 51.500; -55.500).
# Yalta (disambiguation)

Yalta is a city in the Crimean peninsula.
Yalta may also refer to:

## Places

* Yalta, Donetsk Oblast, urban-type settlement in Pershotravnevyi Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
* Yalta Hotel Complex, hotel in Yalta, Crimea

## Other uses

* Yalta Conference, of 1945, in which the UK, US and Soviet Union discussed Europe's reorganisation after the end of World War II
* Yalta, export version of the Zaporozhets car
* Yalta Rally, rally in Yalta, Crimea
* Yalta (Talmudic character), a character mentioned several times in the Babylonian Talmud