OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manganese(II) selenide

Managnese(II) selenide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula MnSe. It is a dense gray solid that dissolves only by reaction.
Manganese(II) selenide can be synthesized by the reaction of selenium powder and manganese(II) acetate in an alkaline solution with a reducing agent such as hydrazine at 180°C.
Manganese selenide exists in three polymorphs. Most common is the stable α-phase (NaCl type). There is also a metastable γ-phase (wurtzite type) and an unstable β phase (zincblende type).
# César del Villar

Victor Augusto César del Villar y Villate (23 December 1843 – 2 September 1917) was a Spanish military officer and politician, who became Minister of War.

## Early life and education

Villar was born on 23 December 1843 in Sestao into an urban middle-class family with clear liberal connotations. He was the son of José Manuel Villar y Salcedo and Antonia Villate de la Hera, sister of General Blas Villate and, therefore, with a military background in his family.
After completing primary education in his hometown, Villar entered the Infantry Academy in 1858, graduating as a second lieutenant four years later.

## Military career

In 1864, Villar was appointed lieutenant of the General Staff, commander in 1872, colonel in 1874, commander of the General Staff in 1875, and lieutenant colonel five years later, brigadier in 1883, and brigadier general in 1889; division general in 1893 and lieutenant general in 1903.
In 1875, Villar participated in the "taking of Olot" and the surrender of the La Seu d'Urgell during the Third Carlist War (1872–76) in Catalonia. In 1886 he helped quell republican insurrections at court, with Queen Maria Christina of Austria showing her Royal Appreciation. He was present in the peninsular campaigns against Carlism and acracy and also in overseas campaigns, he enjoyed solid prestige among his comrades in arms for his professionalism and distance from political struggles. It was only at the express wish of his comrade and close friend Marcelo Azcárraga that he decided to accept the appointment of Minister of War in December 1904 (it was not for a gesture of solidarity military and respect for the Crown), a position that he held until January of the following year, when he resigned because he was not satisfied that the sessions of the Courts resumed on the day of the king's name day, dragging in his resignation the entire Cabinet.
Villar was Captain General of Catalonia between 1914 and 1915.

## Later life and death

In June 1914, Villar, then president of the Federación Femenina contra la Tuberculosis (Women's Federation Against Tuberculosis), together with his daughter Carmen, attended a women's football match between the members of Spanish Girl's Club held for the benefit of his organization.
Villar died on 2 September 1917, at the age of 73, during his vacation in the Biscayan town of Getxo, and his remains were transferred to the Sestao Cemetery. He has a street in this locality, in addition to having the title of Favorite Son.

## Decorations and tributes

* White Cross of the Order of Military Merit
* Red Cross of the Order of Military Merit
* Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit
* Encomienda of Our Lady of the Conception of Portugal
* Bavarian Military Merit Commandery
* Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Hermenegild
* 1907: Knight 1st class of the Imperial Order of the Iron Crown (Austro-Hungarian Empire)
* Alfonso XII Medal
* Cross of the Order of Charles III
* Sestao's Favorite Son
* Street in Sestao
# Mad Season (Matchbox Twenty album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 57/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Baltimore Sun | |
| Entertainment Weekly | C+ |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| NME | 3/10 |
| Q | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Sputnikmusic | 5/5 |
| The Village Voice | C+ |
Mad Season is the second studio album by American rock band Matchbox Twenty. It was released on May 23, 2000, by Atlantic Records.

## Recording and release

The album was a significant departure from the band's debut album, Yourself or Someone Like You, as it moved from a straight rock sound to poppier sounds and experimental rock. Mad Season's sound is grander and more innovative than the band's previous album, as it includes orchestra and horn sections. While not as successful as its predecessor, the album entered and peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 365,000 and was certified 4× Platinum in the United States in October 2001.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Rob Thomas, except where noted

## Personnel

Matchbox Twenty
* Rob Thomas – lead vocals, piano, rhythm guitar
* Kyle Cook – lead guitar, backing vocals
* Adam Gaynor – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Brian Yale – bass guitar
* Paul Doucette – drums, acoustic guitar on "Stop"
Additional musicians
* Angie Aparo – background vocals on "Stop"
* Peter Stuart – background vocals on "The Burn"
* Sam Bacco – percussion on "Last Beautiful Girl"
* Tony Adams – additional drums on "Stop"
* Matt Serletic – orchestra composer
* Nashville String Machine – string arrangements on "Rest Stop", "Leave", "You Won't Be Mine" and "Bed of Lies"
* Atlanta Brass Society – Horn arrangements on "If You're Gone" and "Black and White People"
Production
* Mark Dobson – additional engineering, Pro-Tools and digital editing
* David Thoener – mixing
* Shawn Grove – additional Pro-Tool editing, assistant engineering
* Robert Hannon – assistant engineering
* Greg Fogie – assistant engineering
* Kevin Szymanski – assistant engineering
* Stephen Marcussen – mastering
* Stewart Whitmore – mastering
Artwork
* Ria Lewerke, Doug Reichert, Paul Doucette, Imagic – art direction and design
* Michael Sowa – cover art
* Dean Karr – photography
* Andrew Macpherson – photography (center spread and page 19)

## Certifications

Certifications for Mad Season :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | 4× Platinum | 280,000$^^$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 3× Platinum | 300,000$^^$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 7,500$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum | 4,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Persecution of Uyghurs in Turkey

The persecution of Uyghurs in Turkey refers to the repression, deportation, mistreatment, and imprisonment of Uyghurs in Turkey, mostly asylum seekers and refugees.

## History

Turkey was known as a safe haven for many Uyghurs who were fleeing repression in China. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan himself referred to the Chinese policies in Xinjiang as a genocide, although in the late 2010s, when he shifted to Turkish nationalist and Anti-Western views, he also shifted Turkey away from the West and more towards China and Russia, and he even stopped criticising China and their Xinjiang policies. Uyghurs could not host large protests in Turkey as they could before. Erdoğan praised Chinese policies towards minorities. In 2015, Erdoğan stated that he condemned Uyghur "terrorist activities" in Xinjiang, drawing criticism from the World Uyghur Congress. In 2017, Turkey officially designated the East Turkistan Islamic Movement as a terrorist organization, after similar designations from the United Kingdom and the United Nations.
Crackdowns escalated in 2020 and 2021. Thousands of Uyghurs began leaving Turkey for Europe in fears of being targeted. They also criticised Erdoğan for being silent on Uyghurs yet being quick to defend other Muslims worldwide. Erdoğan claimed that some people were seeking to "abuse" the Uyghur issue to sabotage the "Turkish–Chinese relationship". In March 2021, the Turkish parliament rejected a motion to recognize the Persecution of Uyghurs in China as a genocide. Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu claimed that Turkey will never pick China over Uyghurs, although his political opposition quickly dismissed him as attempting to attract voters. In 2023, Uyghur activists continued to protest against Erdoğan and his policies.

## Police activity

The Uyghur community complained that it became harder to get Turkish residence permits or citizenship after 2014. Some of their homes were raided, with hundreds being arrested and having their deportations to China arranged.
In 2020, Uyghurs reported mistreatment and routine arrests in large numbers in interviews with NPR. Some Uyghurs in Istanbul told NPR that they fear Turkish police and foreign pressure from China.

## Extradition and deportation

Erdoğan began a crackdown on Uyghurs in Turkey, deporting many to the countries they came from, where they were extradited to China. According to the president of the Uyghur American Association in 2021, Uyghur deportees were commonly extradited to China through third-parties such as Tajikistan.
In 2017, China ratified an agreement with Turkey for the extraditions of wanted people in both countries, and while Turkey did not ratify it, there was allegations that Uyghurs were secretly being extradited to China. The MHP, known for its vocalness about Turkic peoples, largely stopped speaking on the Uyghur issue after 2021 and did not voice any opposition for the proposed Chinese-Turkish extradition deal.
# Prafulla Kumari Devi

Rani Profulla Kumari Devi of Bastar (1910 – 28 Feb 1936) was the Rani regnant (queen regnant) of the Indian Princely Bastar State between 1922 and 1936.
Her father Raja Rudra Pratap Deo died on the 16th November 1921 and she succeeded her father on the 23rd November 1922.
She succeeded Rudra Pratap Deo on 23 November 1922. She ruled for fourteen years.
She married Prince Prafulla Chandra Bhanj Deo of Mayurbhanj.
She was succeeded by Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo.
# Trade unions in the Marshall Islands

Trade unions in the Marshall Islands. With a total population of 59,000 the Marshall Islands support a very small economy which does not have a trade union structure. Their absence has been noted as a particular problem for Fijian nurses and teachers who have migrated to the Marshall Islands, usually on temporary work visa's. The Constitution allows for the general right of association; however, there is no legislation related to trade unions, collective bargaining, or strike action.
# Dave Lanning

Dave Lanning (24 March 1938 – 29 October 2016) was an English sports commentator and journalist, best known for his coverage of Professional Darts. He was brought up in Poole and educated at Poole Grammar School.

## Broadcasting career

He was one of the commentators for Sky Sports' coverage of the Professional Darts Corporation tournaments.
He covered the first PDC World Darts Championship with John Gwynne in 1994 and was ever present with the company for a long period, commentating on all their televised tournaments on Sky. Prior to the 2011 World Championship, Lanning announced that he had retired from commentating.
As part of ITV's World of Sport's original roster of commentators, he commentated on the first ever televised nine dart finish hit by John Lowe against Keith Deller on 13 October 1984. He commentated on all darts tournaments and World of Sport darts action broadcast on ITV from 1972 to 1988. He also commentated on speedway, a sport he knew well having been installed as the promoter of the West Ham team in 1966. He provided the commentary for The Indoor League and occasionally covered football for his home region of Southern Television in the mid-to-late 1970s. Lanning came out of retirement on New Year's Day 2013 when he commentated on Sky's 3D coverage of the PDC World Championship final between Phil Taylor & Michael Van Gerwen.

## Writing

Lanning had a stint as the television critic for The Sunday People newspaper. He had a 28-year association with TV Times, and was speedway correspondent for The Sun for 20 years.

## In popular culture

In An American Werewolf in London, Lanning is the commentator of the match on the TV between Rab Smith and Cliff Lazarenko.

## Death

Lanning died aged 78 on 29 October 2016 after a short illness.
# Michael P. McAuliffe

Michael P. McAuliffe (born December 7, 1963) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 20th district in northwestern Chicago. He was first appointed in 1997, following the death of his father, Roger McAuliffe; between them, the McAuliffes represented northwestern Chicago for 46 years. On June 17, 2019, McAuliffe resigned from the Illinois House of Representatives. He was the only Republican to represent a significant portion of Chicago in the Illinois General Assembly. On June 29, 2019, Republican Bradley Stephens, the Mayor of Rosemont, was appointed to succeed McAuliffe.
McAuliffe was noted for his bipartisan approach during his time in the Illinois General Assembly, supporting several bipartisan deals, including infrastructure improvements and expansions in gambling. He drew both support and criticism from Republicans and Democrats alike.
# Maksym Andrushchenko

Maksym Ruslanovych Andrushchenko (Ukrainian: Максим Русланович Андрущенко; born 5 April 1999) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Ukrainian club Kudrivka.
# Dürrwangen

Dürrwangen is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.
# Denys Svityukha

Denys Oleksandrovych Svityukha (Ukrainian: Денис Олександрович Світюха; born 8 February 2002) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Kudrivka.

## Career

Born in Marinka Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Svityukha is a product of Shakhtar Donetsk academy.
He played in the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves and never made his debut for the senior squad of Shakhtar Donetsk. In July 2021 Svitukha signed a one-year loan contract with Mariupol and made his debut in the Ukrainian Premier League as a substitute player in the losing home match against Zorya Luhansk on 22 August 2021.
In February 2025 he signed for Kudrivka in Ukrainian First League.
# Delaware's 1st Senate district

Delaware's 1st Senate district is one of 21 districts in the Delaware Senate. It has been represented by Democrat Dan Cruce since 2025, succeeding Democrat Sarah McBride who resigned after being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives

## Geography

District 1 covers the northeastern tip of New Castle County along the Delaware River, including Claymont, Bellefonte, most of Edgemoor, and parts of northern Wilmington.
Like all districts in the state, the 1st Senate district is located entirely within Delaware's at-large congressional district. It overlaps with the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 7th, and 10th districts of the Delaware House of Representatives. The district borders New Jersey via the Delaware River and Pennsylvania via the Twelve-Mile Circle.

## Recent election results

Delaware Senators are elected to staggered four-year terms. Under normal circumstances, the 1st district holds elections in presidential years, except immediately after redistricting, when all seats are up for election regardless of the usual cycle.

### 2020

2020 Delaware Senate election, District 1 :
| Primary election |||||
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Sarah McBride | 7,902 | 91.3 |
| | Democratic | Joseph McCole | 752 | 8.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 8,654 | 100 |
| General election |||||
| | Democratic | Sarah McBride | 16,865 | 73.3 |
| | Republican | Steve Washington | 6,144 | 26.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 23,009 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2016

2016 Delaware Senate election, District 1 :
| Primary election |||||
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Harris McDowell III (incumbent) | 3,876 | 70.8 |
| | Democratic | Joseph McCole | 1,596 | 29.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,472 | 100 |
| General election |||||
| | Democratic | Harris McDowell III (incumbent) | 11,858 | 56.3 |
| | Republican | James Spadola | 9,195 | 43.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 21,053 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2012

2012 Delaware Senate election, District 1 :
| Primary election |||||
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Harris McDowell III (incumbent) | 2,342 | 52.2 |
| | Democratic | David D. Brady | 1,613 | 36.0 |
| | Democratic | James Martin | 528 | 11.8 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,483 | 100 |
| General election |||||
| | Democratic | Harris McDowell III (incumbent) | 15,155 | 85.3 |
| | Independent | Robert Clark | 2,054 | 11.6 |
| | Libertarian | Bryan Lintz | 555 | 3.1 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 17,764 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### Federal and statewide results

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2020 | President | Biden 74.2 – 24.2% |
| 2016 | President | Clinton 68.0 – 26.7% |
| 2014 | Senate | Coons 70.8 – 26.4% |
| 2012 | President | Obama 70.4 – 27.8% |
| 2012 | Senate | Carper 76.0 – 19.4% |
| 2012 | Governor | Markell 78.7 – 18.8% |
# Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University

Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University, also known as RPNLU or NLU Prayagraj or NLU Allahabad is a public law school and a National Law University located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is second National Law University established in the state of Uttar Pradesh after Lucknow's Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University.
# Bakersfield Country Club, California (CDP)

Bakersfield Country Club is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) in Kern County. It bears the name of the Bakersfield Country Club which is included in its geography. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population was 1,715.

## Demographics

Bakersfield Country Club was first listed as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

### 2020 census

Bakersfield Country Club CDP, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 793 | 46.24% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 28 | 1.63% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 15 | 0.87% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 51 | 2.97% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 0.06% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 8 | 0.47% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 78 | 4.55% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 741 | 43.21% |
| Total | 1,715 | 100.00% |
# Macaria (daughter of Hades)

Macaria (Ancient Greek: Μακαρία, romanized: Makaría, lit. 'blessed one, blessedness') is a very obscure figure in ancient Greek mythology, reportedly the daughter of Hades, the god and king of the Underworld. Macaria is not mentioned in any classical Greek or Roman text, and instead her single attestation comes from a medieval Byzantine encyclopedia of the tenth century, the Suda. Her passing mention in the Suda offers little to no documentation at all on her character, personhood and function. She has no accompanying mythology of any sort of her own, and there is no evidence she ever received any worship in cult.

## Etymology

The ancient Greek noun μακαρία translates to "happiness", "bliss" or "blessed one", but alternatively it can also mean "foolishness".

## The Suda

This Macaria is attested in a single source, the 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia Suda, according to which she is a daughter of Hades, the king of the Underworld; no mother is mentioned. Nothing else is known about her, as she is neither explicitly stated to be an immortal goddess nor a mortal woman, nor confirmed to live in the Underworld with her father. She has neither a confirmed consort nor children.

## Possible connections

In the same entry in the Suda, two more Macarias are discussed, apparently independently from the daughter of Hades; an ancient Greek proverb and Macaria, the daughter of Heracles who sacrificed herself to save her kin and city. According to the author, the ancient Greek figure of speech "be gone to blessedness" meant to go "into destruction", in a euphemistic manner (as the dead were traditionally referred to as "the blessed ones"; thus dying would mean to be with the blessed); it was counterpart to the modern "go to hell". The phrase was proverbial, and used for those whose courage endangered them. According to the sophist Zenobius, this phrase was actually connected to Macaria the daughter of Heracles, and was originally said positively for those who sacrificed themselves with courage and valor.
# The Palms Shopping Centre

The Palms Shopping Centre is a shopping mall located in the suburb of Shirley, Christchurch, situated 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the city's CBD.

## Description

The mall consists of 82 retailers, including Countdown, Farmers and the first Reading Cinemas multiplex in Christchurch. In 2003, a $50 million NZD upgrade was completed, nearly doubling the size to 35,343 m$^2$ (380,429 ft$^2$) . The entry plaza of the mall won an NZILA Silver award for landscape design in 2004.
Australian based AMP Capital had owned The Palms since 2007, when it bought the mall from Christchurch businessmen and Hallenstein Glassons directors Tim Glasson and Warren Bell. The mall was originally developed in the 1990s by Christchurch brothers Max and Glen Percasky, who own the Homebase shopping centre north of The Palms.
DiMauro Group, an Australian investor purchased The Palms for $88.8 million in 2022.
# Zubeida Rahimtoola

Zubeida Habib Rahimtoola (12 August 1917 – 5 July 2015), born Zubeida Sultan Chinoy in Bombay was an Activist and Social Worker primarily based out of Karachi. She was the president of All-India Muslim League in UK and founding member of All Pakistan Women's Association. She was awarded with Sitara-e-Khidmat (Star of Service) for her services by the President Ayub Khan.

## Personal life

Zubeida Chinoy married Habib Rahimtoola in 1935. From that point on she took on an active social welfare front to support Muslim women in British India followed by several women development projects mainly revolving around education after creation of Pakistan.
On the family front, Zubaida Rahimtoola's father Sultan Chinoy was a businessman and had remained Mayor of Bombay [1938-39]. She had three children from her marriage to Habib Ibrahim Rahimtoola i.e. two sons and a daughter.

## Early life and career

She received her early education at Convent of Jesus and Mary, Bombay (present-day Mumbai) followed by matriculation at the Queen Mary's School. She then attended Elphinstone College where she obtained her Bachelor of Arts degree.
Zubeida Rahimtoola was one of the founding members of the All Pakistan Women's Association (APWA). As she was based in the United Kingdom at partition in 1947, she became the first President of APWA UK. She was the first President of the Jinnah's All-India Muslim League in the United Kingdom after the independence of Pakistan in 1947.
She returned to Pakistan in 1953 and continued her work with APWA. She led various delegations of the organization to Afro-Asia Conferences and China. Zubeida was the President of the Sindh APWA (1953–54) – then she became Vice President APWA National (1955–58). She also held the position of Chairman APWA Cottage Industry (1956–74). Finally she was the Chairman, Karachi APWA (1991–97). She also held the position of Secretary's at the Pakistan American Cultural Center in Karachi.

## Awards

Begum Rahimtoola was awarded the Sitara-e-Khidmat (Star of Service) by the President of Pakistan Ayub Khan in 1960 for her contributions to women's organizations in Pakistan and her work on 'West Pakistan Family Laws' including Women's Rights.

## Death

Zubeida Habib Rahimtoola died on 5 July 2015 at age 97 at Karachi, Pakistan.