OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bhimanna T. Naik

Bhimanna Tirkappa Naik (born 1959) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is an MLA from Sirsi Assembly constituency in Uttara Kannada district. He won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Naik is from Sirsi. His father Tirkappa Naik is a farmer. He passed Class 5 and discontinued his studies while in Class 7 at Higher Primary School, Bisalakoppa, Sirsi, in 1985.

## Career

Naik won from Sirsi Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 76,887 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 8,712 votes. Earlier, he lost the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election losing to Bharatiya Janata Party's Kageri Vishweshwar Hegde, by a margin of 17,461 votes.
# All She Wrote (Six60 song)

"All She Wrote" is a song by New Zealand band Six60, released as a single in February 2021, during their Six60 Saturdays tour. The song was a hit for the band, reaching number one in New Zealand.

## Background and composition

The band first wrote the chords for the song on an old guitar, which only had three remaining strings. The song was produced by Malay, and the song's lyrics were inspired by acceptance.

## Release and promotion

The song was debuted live on 16 January 2021 during the band's first performance of the Six60 Saturdays tour of New Zealand, and was released just prior to the final performance of the tour in Hamilton.

## Music video

The song's music video features a number of cameos by New Zealand celebrities, including sportspeople Dan Carter and Joseph Parker, politician Chlöe Swarbrick, musicians Dave Dobbyn and Mitch James, and newscasters Mike McRoberts and Samantha Hayes. The video's concept was inspired by the idea of musicians testing their music through car speakers before release, and is an homage to "How Bizarre" (1995) by OMC.

## Critical reception

The song was nominated for the 2021 Aotearoa Music Award for Single of the Year award.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* Jacob Dutton – songwriting
* Marlon Gerbes – songwriting
* James Ho – production, songwriting
* Dave Kutch – mastering engineer
* Paul Shelton – songwriting
* Six60 – performer

## Certifications

Certifications for "All She Wrote" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | 4× Platinum | 120,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Samone, Piedmont

Samone is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Turin. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,513 and an area of 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi).
Samone borders the following municipalities: Fiorano Canavese, Banchette, Salerano Canavese, Loranzè, Pavone Canavese, and Colleretto Giacosa.
Main sights include Samone Castle, also known as Villa Garda.
# Perina nuda

Perina nuda, the clearwing tussock moth or banyan tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787. It is found in the Indian subregion, Sri Lanka, to southern China Hong Kong, Thailand and Sundaland.

## Description

Adults show striking sexual dimorphism. The caterpillar has a greyish head and flanks, with the broad black dorsum. Setae are white. Pupa is bristly, piebald in dark grey and cream. Setae in pupa orange. The caterpillar is a minor pest on several banyan species such as Ficus benjamina, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus pumila and Ficus religiosa. and also many crop plants like Artocarpus and Mangifera.
The species is associated with an RNA virus called Perina nuda virus.

## Images

* Male dorsal surface
* Female dorsal surface
* Live moth in side angle
* Antennae of male
* Pupa
# LLB: Life Line of Bachelors

LLB: Life Line of Bachelors is a 2024 Indian Malayalam-language drama thriller film written and directed by A. M. Sidhique. The film was produced by Mujeeb Randathani under the banner of Randathani Films. The film stars Sreenath Bhasi, Vishak Nair, Aswanth Lal, and Anoop Menon in lead roles. The cinematography was handled Faisal Ali, and Athul Vijay took charge of the editing.
Principal photography began in May 2022. The shooting took place in and around Kozhikode, Kerala. The music and background score were composed by Bijibal and Kailas. LLB: Life Line of Bachelors was released on 2 February 2024.

## Premise

The film goes through the life of three LL.B. students named Sibi, Sanju, and Salmaan. LLB tells us about the friendships, college moments, and multiple events happened in the life of these three students.

## Cast

* Sreenath Bhasi as Sibi
* Anoop Menon as CI Babu Sebastian
* Vishak Nair as Salmaan
* Aswanth Lal as Sanju
* Sreejith Ravi as Krishna Prasad
* Ramesh Kottayam as Irikkur Divakaran
* Manoj K. U. as Sabu
* Sudheesh as Shivadasan
* Pradeep Balan as Thajukka
* Sibi K Thomas as Mujeeb
* Karthika Suresh as Akhila
* Seema G. Nair as Sarojini
* Roshan Abdul Rahoof as Roshan
* Nissar Mamukkoya as Valsan Kadalundi
* Nadira Mehrin as Roshni Jayaraj
* Chaithra Praveen as Salma
* Kavitha Baiju

## Production

The title of the film was officially announced on 7 May 2022. This was the directorial debut of A. M. Sidhique.

### Filming

The makers started the principal photography on 5 May 2022 with the switch-on ceremony and completed it on 5 June 2022. It took 31 days to complete the shoot on 2 different schedules. The major shooting was completed in Kozhikode, Kerala. The post-production of the film started in July 2022.

## Music

The original background score and songs were composed by Bijibal and Kailas. The music rights were obtained by TrendMusic. The song "Paarukayaay Patarukayaay" was released on 19 January with a special appearance played by Roshan Adbul Rahoof.

## Release

The film was initially planned to release on 19 January 2024. Later the release postponed to 2 February 2024.

## Reception
### Critical response

Princy Alexander of Manorama Online wrote LLB: Life Line of Bachelors is not a film that wishes to explore the life of students in law colleges or their firebrand politics, which was explored in movies like Jana Gana Mana.
# Legislative referral

A legislative referral (or legislative referendum) is a referendum in which a legislature puts proposed legislation up for popular vote. This may either be voluntarily or, as is the case in many countries for a constitutional amendment, as a mandatory part of the procedure for passing a law. These referrals, depending on the location, can either amend a constitution or enact a change in statute. It is a form of direct democracy. In some places it is known as an authorities referendum, authorities plebiscite, government initiated referendum, or top-down referendum It may originate from the legislative branch, executive branch, or a combination of the two.
An instrument of direct democracy, it is in contrast to citizens (or "bottom-up") initiative that is initiated from the public. With initiated statutes and amendments, voters both initiate and decide on the change of law. In a legislative referral, they only approve or reject laws which their legislature votes to place before them.

## United States

Bond issues are a common type of legislatively referred ballot measure. In some states, such as Oregon, if the state legislature in both chambers vote to put a measure on the ballot, the governor is not allowed to veto their action.

### State statute

23 American states have a provision for referring statutory measures to the public as a ballot measure.
States allowing legislatively referred statutes :
| Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware | Illinois Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts | Michigan Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada | New Mexico North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon | South Dakota Utah Washington |

### State constitutional amendment

Almost all legislatures in states and territories in the United States have the power to put state constitutional amendments to a referendum. In most cases these are mandatory referendums, meaning that a referendum is a legal requirement in order for the amendment to be ratified.
Delaware is the only state in which the people do not have the power to vote on constitutional amendments. Only the Delaware legislature may vote on amendments.
# Albert Johnson (congressman)

Albert Johnson (March 5, 1869 – January 17, 1957) was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative from Washington's third congressional district from 1915 to 1933.

## Background

Born in Springfield, Illinois, Johnson attended the schools at Atchison, Kansas and Hiawatha, Kansas.

## Career
### Journalist

Johnson worked as a reporter on the St. Joseph (Missouri) Herald and the St. Louis Globe-Democrat from 1888 to 1891, as managing editor of the New Haven Register in 1896 and 1897, and as news editor of The Washington Post in 1898. To edit the Tacoma News he moved to Tacoma, Washington in 1898. He became editor and publisher of Grays Harbor Washingtonian (Hoquiam, Washington) in 1907. Johnson was supportive of the presidency of William Howard Taft, as well as women's suffrage and was opposed to monopolies, writing editorials critical of them.

### Representative

Albert Johnson was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third and to the nine succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1933), but was defeated in a bid for reelection in November 1932. While a Member of Congress, Johnson was commissioned a captain in the Chemical Warfare Service during the First World War, receiving an honorable discharge on November 29, 1918. He served as chairman of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization (Sixty-sixth through Seventy-first Congresses), where he played an important role in the passage of the anti-immigrant legislation of the 1920s.
Johnson was the chief author of the Immigration Act of 1924 (known as the Johnson-Reed Act), which in 1927 he justified as a bulwark against "a stream of alien blood, with all its inherited misconceptions respecting the relationships of the governing power to the governed." Johnson has been described as "an unusually energetic and vehement racist and nativist."

### Eugenicist

Johnson appointed one of the leading eugenicists of the era, Harry Laughlin, associated with the Eugenics Record Office in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, as the committee's Expert Eugenics Agent. From 1923 to 1924, he was the president of the Eugenics Research Association, an organization of eugenics researchers and supporters which opposed interracial marriage and also supported the program of forced sterilization of the mentally disabled. In support of his 1919 proposal to suspend immigration he included this quote from a State Department official referring to the recent wave of Jewish immigrants as "filthy, un-American, and often dangerous in their habits."

### Journalist

Johnson retired from the newspaper business in 1934.

## Death

Albert Johnson died age 87 on January 17, 1957, in a veterans hospital at American Lake, Washington and was buried in Sunset Memorial Park, Hoquiam, Washington.
# Montenegrin Argentines

Argentine Montenegrins are people born in Argentina of Montenegrin descent. During the early 1900s, Montenegrins from the Kingdom of Montenegro began emigrating to the country, and nowadays there are approximately 80,000 Montenegrins and descendants living in Argentina. Currently most of them are located in the northern province of Chaco, while the remaining part lives in Buenos Aires, Tandil, Venado Tuerto, and General Madariaga.
Descendants of ethnic Montenegrins established Colonia La Montenegrina, the largest Montenegrin colony in South America, in which they are part of even today. General Madariaga is a specially important place for Montenegrins in Argentina since many of them have achieved a remarkable wealth there through the business of cattle breeding, and most Montenegrins and their descendants are buried in its cemetery. Additionally, the Montenegrin-Argentine organization, Yugoslav Society Njegoš (Sociedad Yugoslava Njegoš, previously called the Montenegrin Society and Montenegrin-Yugoslav Society for Mutual Aid before World War II) provides mutual aid inside the town.

## Notable individuals

* Jorge Capitanich, politician, former senator and current governor of the Chaco Province
* Emilio Ogñénovich, Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mercedes-Luján, Argentina
* Esteban Saveljich, football player
* Gastón Bojanich, football player
* Nicolás Vuyovich, sportscar driver
# Mass media in Senegal

The mass media in Senegal is varied and includes multiple television channels, numerous private radio stations, and over 15 newspapers.

## Print media
### Newspapers

The reading public for Senegal's diverse press is largely limited to Dakar and Thies. The quasi-official Le Soleil is a daily newspaper. Other major popular independent newspapers include the dailies Sud Quotidien, WalFadjri, Le Quotidien, Le Matin, Le Populaire, Il Est Midi, and the economic weekly Nouvel Horizon. National newspapers are in French. English-language newspapers such as the International Herald Tribune are also available at many newsstands.
Various trade organizations publish bulletins and newsletters such as those of the Dakar Chamber of Commerce and the periodical Entreprendre issued by the National Council of Business Leaders.

### Magazines

Several Europe-based magazines enjoy a wide circulation, including Jeune Afrique, L'Autre Afrique, Paris Match, L'Express, Le Point, as well as the European editions of Time, Newsweek and The Economist.
# Gino Volpe

Gino Volpe (c. 1943 – March 20, 2020) was an Italian singer-songwriter.
# Premik Number One

Premik Number One (also known by the initialism Premik No.1) is a 2013 Bangladeshi romantic drama film. The film was directed by Rakibul Islam Rakib and produced by Anwar Hossain Mintu. It features an ensemble cast, which includes Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Nipun Akter, Misha Sawdagor, Bobita, Kazi Hayat, Sabrina Sultana Keya, Sujata, Amaan Reza, Shahnoor, Shahin Alam and Kabila. It is loosely inspired by two Telugu films: Balu (2005) and Ontari (2008).

## Plot

The story is of Tibro (Shakib Khan), a boy with a humble beginning who ends up between a rock and a hard place. We see him wooing two ladies while goons are chasing after him.

## Cast

* Shakib Khan as Tibro / Rasel
* Apu Biswas as Simi
* Nipun Akter as Tania
* Sabrina Sultana Keya as Keya
* Amaan Reza as Amaan
* Bobita as Momtaz Begum
* Kazi Hayat as Azad
* Sujata as Afia
* Shahin Alam as Shuvro
* Shahnoor as Moon
* Kabila as Abul
* Jesmin
* Misha Sawdagor as Sultan
* Shiba Shanu as Dila
* Don as Don
* Ilias Kobra
* Nasreen as Item number (Special appearance in "Mon Chaile" song)

## Soundtrack

The film soundtrack is composed by Emon Saha and lyrics written by Kabir Bakul. Also a song composed by Ali Akram Shuvo and wrote by Moniruzzaman Monir.

## Release

The film released in 67 theatres on October 16, 2013 all around the country.
# Hubert Gerhard

Hubert Gerhards (c. 1540/1550–1620; born 's-Hertogenbosch) was a Dutch sculptor. Like many of his contemporaries, he may have left the Netherlands in order to escape the religious conflicts and iconoclasm of the 1566–1567 era. He trained in Florence in the circle of Giambologna, who heavily influenced his style. Gerhard's dominant subject-matter, characteristic of many Northern Mannerist artists, was the mythological gods of antiquity.
Gerhard's early patrons, the Fugger banking family of Augsburg, returned to patronage of the arts around 1580. Their castle at Kirchheim included works by him including a mantelpiece, bronze ornaments for the fountain of Mars and Venus, and a dense bronze on a base bordered by fantastic terms (1590). Gerhard also added bronze sculptures to the Augustus fountain by Adriaen de Vries erected to commemorate the 1600th anniversary of the establishment of Augsburg by Emperor Augustus. The four rivers of the city are represented by the statues of four river gods around the basin of the fountain. These bronze figures are reminiscent of the work of Giambologna. When the Florentine-based artist Friedrich Sustris became the artistic superintendent for Wilhelm V, Duke of Bavaria (1548–1626; r. 1579–97), he lured Gerhard to Munich, where the sculptor resided from 1584 to 1597. Gerhard prepared the monumental bronze of St. Michael Vanquishing Lucifer that adorns the façade of St. Michael's Church, Munich. With Carlo's help, he also made about fifty over-life-size terracotta statues of saints and angels that line the interior of the Jesuit church.
With the financial crisis of 1597, which forced Wilhelm V to abdicate, Gerhard and most of the court's artists were suddenly unemployed. Between 1599 and 1613, Gerhard served Archduke Maximilian III of Austria, first in Bad Mergentheim and then in Innsbruck. Maximilian III commissioned small-scale bronzes, including equestrian portraits and mythological statuettes, in addition to his tomb and other large projects. The pathos that characterizes Gerhard's Munich works becomes less pronounced when in Innsbruck.
When two bronze statues by Gerhard arrived in Prague in 1602 Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II critically said of them: "the workmanship is subtle and pure, but the positioning of the figures is rather poor. Master Adriaen, as his Imperial Majesty's sculptor is far more accomplished in this." Rudolf's remark highlights the rivalry which existed between two art-loving connoisseurs, as Gerhard at the time of was employed by Rudolf's younger brother, Archduke Maximilian III of Austria.
In 1613, Gerhard returned to Munich, where he worked until his death seven years later.
Gerhard's works includes sculptures in bronze of Perseus and Medusa, Venus and Mars with Cupid, Mercury, an allegory of Bavaria, Tarquinius attacking Lucretia, St. Michael slaying the Devil, the sea-god Neptune, and in terracotta, a quartet of personifications of the seasons. Important works are located in Augsburg and Munich.
# Jan Soens

Jan Soens (Dutch pronunciation:; c. 1547 – c. 1611), also known as Giovanni Sons, was a Dutch painter from 's-Hertogenbosch who mainly worked in Italy.

## Biography

According to Karel van Mander he moved to Antwerp to live with a schoolmaster named Jacob Boon, whereupon he taught himself the rudiments of painting. After becoming proficient, he moved in with the painter Gillis Mostaert, and assisted him creating landscape paintings in the manner of Gillis' twin brother Frans Mostaert. A few of these early landscapes could be seen in Amsterdam at the home of Hendrick Louwersz Spieghel at the time Karel van Mander was writing in 1604. Soens and he had met during Karel van Mander's trip to Italy, where Soens made small pieces on copper for the Pope in Rome.
According to the RKD he was in Rome from 1573 and in Parma from 1575. He was particularly active from 1575 with the Farnese in Rome, and in Piacenza and Parma in the early seventeenth century. He painted history works, such as the mannerist Jupiter and Antiope, as well as religious paintings reflecting the Council of Trent's decrees on art and Counter Reformation ideals of clearly represented piety. He died in Parma between 1611 and 1614.
# Lise Watier

Lise Watier is a Canadian prestige cosmetic company and brand, launched in 1972 by Madame Lise Watier, OC, and distributed through department and select drugstores.

## History

Lise Watier was born in Montreal in 1942. Her father worked his way up to become manager of a car dealership and her mother had a sense of fashion.
She told the Toronto Star that the heavy makeup she wore for her job as a researcher and host for a women's interest television program from 1963 to 1968 inspired her to create a self-improvement and makeup course company, Charme et Beauté Lise Watier Inc., in 1965, and to launch her own line of cosmetics in 1972.
The Montreal-based company first attempted to expand in the 1980s, but a fire in the company's factory and offices was a major setback. Watier later told the National Post, "It took until 1995 to get back to the point we were at in 1990." By the turn of the century, the company's cosmetics were distributed in France and across Canada.
Watier was a family-owned company; Watier's husband, Serge Rocheleau was chairman and general manager, and daughters Nathalie and Marie-Lise worked in marketing.
The brand is distributed in Canada and the United States.
In 1986, the company's founder was honoured as Canadian business woman of the year.
In 2007, Imperial Capital Corporation of Toronto, an investment firm, purchased a majority stake in the company, with Watier and Rocheleau retaining seats on the board and a minority share in the company.
In 2009, the company signed Mitsou Gélinas, a Canadian singer, actor and television personality, as ambassador.
In 2013, Watier stepped down as CEO, appointing Pierre Plasard, previously of L'Oréal, to take her place. As of that time, the company had 175 employees and did approximately $90 million in sales annually.
The company was acquired by Groupe Marcelle Inc. in 2016.
# NGC 4522

NGC 4522 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away within the Virgo Cluster in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4522 is losing its molecular gas though ram-pressure stripping as it plows though the cluster at a speed of more than 10 million kilometres per hour. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on January 18, 1828.

## Ram-pressure stripping

The selectively disturbed interstellar medium (ISM) of NGC 4522, together with a normal-appearing stellar disk, strongly suggest that the galaxy is undergoing ram-pressure stripping caused by an interaction between the intracluster medium (ICM) of the surrounding Virgo Cluster with the ISM of the galaxy itself.
However at NGC 4522's projected distance from Messier 87 (~1 Mpc), and assumption of a static smooth ICM and other "standard values", the force of the ram-pressure stripping exerted at the galaxy's location appears to be an order of magnitude less than needed to cause the observed truncation of the galaxy's gas disk. Despite this, NGC 4522 may have recently passed through a region of enhanced ICM density. Possibly, the infall of the Messier 49 group into the Virgo Cluster has stirred up the ICM of the cluster, locally enhancing the ram pressure exerted on NGC 4522.

### Progenitor of BC6

It has been suggested that NGC 4522 may be the progenitor of the blue blob known as BC6 (embedded within a 600,000 light year long chain of intergalactic gas clouds, known as the "ALFALFA Virgo 7 cloud complex"), due to its similar metallicity to the blob, as well as the fact that the stripping is happening in the same direction as that of the blob. However, there are some other difficulties with this hypothesis, as it can't easily explain the kinematic separation between BC6 and NGC 4522.

## Features

In NGC 4522, there are several features that have been suggested to be attributes of ram-pressure stripping.
The northeast region of NGC 4522, contains a large, continuous dust lane that curves out of the disk of the galaxy that is known as "The dust upturn”. The region also contains a wide lane of stars, including many young blue stars that has been named "The stellar upturn". At the top of the upturn, there are a couple of distinct HII regions.
The southwest region features a number of decoupled extraplanar dust clouds and an arm structure containing a number of HII regions and groupings of bright young blue stars.

## Star formation

As a consequence of ram-pressure stripping, NGC 4522 has a shrunken star forming disk with an enhanced rate of star formation in the inner regions while there is lack of star formation in the outer disk.
Some of the newly formed stars in NGC 4522 are forming in H II regions in filaments of stripped gas rising from the star forming disk of the galaxy. These stars may enter the halo of NGC 4522 or escape into intergalactic space.