OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Avida (software)

Avida is an artificial life software platform to study the evolutionary biology of self-replicating and evolving computer programs (digital organisms). Avida is under active development by Charles Ofria's Digital Evolution Lab at Michigan State University; the first version of Avida was designed in 1993 by Ofria, Chris Adami and C. Titus Brown at Caltech, and has been fully reengineered by Ofria on multiple occasions since then. The software was originally inspired by the Tierra system.

## Design principles

Tierra simulated an evolutionary system by introducing computer programs that competed for computer resources, specifically processor (CPU) time and access to main memory. In this respect it was similar to Core Wars, but differed in that the programs being run in the simulation were able to modify themselves, and thereby evolve. Tierra's programs were artificial life organisms.
Unlike Tierra, Avida assigns every digital organism its own protected region of memory, and executes it with a separate virtual CPU. By default, other digital organisms cannot access this memory space, neither for reading nor for writing, and cannot execute code that is not in their own memory space.
A second major difference is that the virtual CPUs of different organisms can run at different speeds, such that one organism executes, for example, twice as many instructions in the same time interval as another organism. The speed at which a virtual CPU runs is determined by a number of factors, but most importantly, by the tasks that the organism performs: logical computations that the organisms can carry out to reap extra CPU speed as bonus.

## Use in research

Adami and Ofria, in collaboration with others, have used Avida to conduct research in digital evolution, and the scientific journals Nature and Science have published four of their papers.
The 2003 paper "The Evolutionary Origin of Complex Features" describes the evolution of a mathematical equals operation from simpler bitwise operations.

## Use in education

The Avida-ED project (Avida-ED) uses the Avida software platform within a simplified graphical user interface suitable for use in evolution education instruction at the high school and undergraduate college level, and provides freely available software, documentation, tutorials, lesson plans, and other course materials. The Avida-ED software runs as a web application in the browser, with the user interface implemented in JavaScript and Avida compiled to JavaScript using Emscripten, making the software broadly compatible with devices commonly used in classrooms. This approach has been shown to be effective in improving students' understanding of evolution. The Avida-ED project was the winner of the 2017 International Society for Artificial Life Education and Outreach Award.
# Princess Xihai

Princess Xihai (Chinese: 西海公主) (fl. 434) was a consort of the Qilian Khan of the Rouran Khaganate. She was born into the imperial clan of the Northern Wei, and was a cousin or sister of the Emperor Taiwu.

## Biography

She was married to the Rouran Khan Wuti, son of Khan Datan, of the royal Yujiulü clan. In the fourth year of Shenjia (神䴥) (431 CE), Wuti sent an envoy to the Northern Wei dynasty. In February of the third year of Yanhe (延和) (434), Emperor Taiwu gave Princess Xihai in marriage to Wuti, and took in turn Wuti's sister Lu Zuo Zhaoyi (闾左昭仪), who would bear him Tuoba Yu, as his wife.

## In popular culture

She was played by actress Wang Ou in the 2013 TV series The Story of Mulan.

## Sources

* "Biography No. 91". Book of Wei. 554.
# Astana Light Metro

The Astana Metro is a light rail rapid transit system under construction located in Astana, Kazakhstan, which is the capital of the country with a population of over 1,000,000.

## History

Construction should have finished roughly about the same time as the Almaty Metro, which was estimated for 2010. However, completion has been postponed several times, in 2011 completion was scheduled to coincide with the Expo in 2017 and as of October 2017 the first stage is planned to be commissioned in December 2019. Project authority Astana LRT LLP signed an agreement with a consortium of China Railway International Group (subsidiary of China Railway Group Limited) and Beijing State-Owned Assets Management Co for construction of the first phase of the capital’s light rail project on May 7, 2015. Construction began in May 2017.
The light metro is part of former president Nursultan Nazarbayev's Kazakhstan 2030 economic plan to transform Kazakhstan into an economic power.
Video renders of the proposed system show the lines built on viaducts running adjacent to roads, with enclosed stations offering heating and ventilation systems to protect passengers from the extreme weather variations in the city.
The Chinese company constructing the project went bankrupt early 2019. The city hall ordered an indefinite halt to it. Since then, the half-built remnants of the project have become a prominent symbol of corruption within the country.
As of 2023, construction has restarted and the LRT is planned to open by 2024-2025. In 2024, it was clarified that the LRT is planned to open in 2025. The Astana LRT will feature ground and elevated stations, with 18 stations spanning a total length of 22.4 kilometers. It will also launch 19 units of rolling stock, each capable of carrying 652 passengers.

## Line 1

The 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi) North-South route would link Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport with Astana Nurly Zhol railway station via the modern "Left Bank" area of the city centre. The line will have 11 stops and one depot. Capacity is estimated to be 146,000 people per day.

## Further phases

Original plans show further phases to link other areas of the city.
# Krogulec, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Krogulec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mysłakowice, within Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Mysłakowice, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Jelenia Góra, and 90 km (56 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

## Gallery

* House
* Street
* Bus stop
# Sicut cervus (Palestrina)

Sicut cervus is a motet for four voices by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. It sets the beginning of Psalm 42, Psalmus XLI in the Latin version of the Psalterium Romanum rather than the Vulgate Bible. The incipit is "Sicut cervus desiderat ad fontes" (As the deer desires the fountains) followed by a second part (secunda pars) "Sitivit anima mea" (My soul thirsts). It has become one of Palestrina's most popular motets, regarded as a model of Renaissance polyphony, expressing spiritual yearning.

## History

The motet is a setting of Psalm 42:1-3. The Psalm was a prescribed tract for the blessing of the water (font) on Holy Saturday, recalling the water of baptism as well as the "living water of the eucharist". The text, speaking of the longing for God, retained its association with funeral music, having been widely used as the Tract before the Tridentine Roman Missal of 1570 standardized the tract Absolve, Domine.
The first edition which has survived in full is a posthumously published collection of motets, Motectorum quatuor vocibus, ... which appeared in Venice in 1604. However, it appears that a lost edition of Sicut Cervus was published in Rome during the composer's lifetime.
It is now one of Palestrina's most anthologized works and regarded as a model of Renaissance polyphony.

## Music

The motet is written for four voices, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. It is set in imitative polyphony throughout, with attention to the meaning of the text in subtle word-painting. For the word "desiderat", expressing longing, the pace is faster, and the melody rises, reaching its peak on the word "fontes" (streams, water, fountains). In the continuation of the first part, "ita desiderat anima mea ad te, Deus" (Thus longs my soul for Thee, God), the human desire expressed in the first person is rendered in denser imitation and with more intense dissonance. The motet has been described as the expression of "serene but fervent spiritual yearning".

## Cultural Significance

Sicut Cervus remains one of Palestrina's most popular and frequently performed works and one of the rare motets that retained its popularity into the modern era. The motet has become the "unofficial anthem" of St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe), where it is sung every Wednesday by students and faculty and is the part of the first-year curriculum.
# Luis Fernández (cyclist)

Luis Fernández Oliveira (born 19 January 1980) is a Spanish former road cyclist. He rode professionally from 2006 to 2009, and competed in the 2006 Vuelta a España.

## Major results
### 2004

    1st Overall Tour of Galicia
    1st Overall Vuelta al Goierri
    1st Stage 2 Bizkaiko Bira

### 2005

    1st Overall Volta a Coruña
# Anatoly Kuzmin (speedway rider)

Anatoly Kuzmin (3 March 1950 – 7 January 1978) was a Soviet international speedway rider.

## Speedway career

Kuzmin reached the final of the Speedway World Championship in the 1972 Individual Speedway World Championship. He was one of six Russians that competed in the 1972 World final after strong performances in the Continental final and European final.
When Kuzmin was drafted into the army in 1969, he moved to Daugavpils and became part of the Lokomotiv Daugavpils team from 1969 to 1988. He won the Latvian Championship in 1976 and 1977. He also won the bronze medal at the Soviet Union championship in 1972.
Kuzmin died in a car accident on 7 January 1978.

## World final appearances
### Individual World Championship

* 1972 – London, Wembley Stadium – 12th – 4pts

### World Pairs Championship

* 1973 - Borås (with Vladimir Gordeev) - 4th - 20pts

### World Team Cup

* 1971 - Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (with Vladimir Smirnov / Vladimir Gordeev / Viktor Trofimov / Grigory Khlinovsky) - 2nd - 22pts (3)
* 1972 - Olching, (with Viktor Trofimov / Grigory Khlinovsky / Viktor Kalmykov) - 2nd - 21 + 7pts (6 +2)
* 1974 - Chorzów, Stadion Śląski, Chorzów (with Valery Gordeev / Mikhail Krasnov / Viktor Kalmykov) - 4th - 10pts (0)
# Luis Fernández (disambiguation)

Luis Fernandez (born 1959) is a French former footballer and now coach.
Luis Fernández or Luis Fernandes may also refer to:

## Luis Fernández

* Luis Fernández (painter) (1594–1654), Spanish historical painter
* Luis Fernández de la Vega (1601–1675), Spanish sculptor and carver
* Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Arce, Spanish sailor and Governor of Chile, 1625–1629
* Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero (1635–1709), Spanish cardinal archbishop of Toledo
* Luis Fernández de Córdova (1798–1840), Spanish military general, diplomat and first Marquis of Mendigorria
* Luis Ceballos y Fernández de Córdoba (1896–1967), Spanish forest engineer and botanist
* Luis Fernández López [es] (1900–1973), Spanish painter
* Luis Colosio Fernández (1923–2010), Mexican IRP politician
* Luis Enrique Fernández (born 1951), Mexican footballer
* Luis Fernández (Costa Rican footballer) (born 1960), Costa Rican footballer
* Luis Fernandez de la Reguera (1966–2006), American independent film director
* Luis Milán Fernández (born 1970), Cuban physician
* Luis Fernández (footballer, born 1972), Spanish retired footballer
* Luis Fernández (actor) (born 1973), Venezuelan actor, writer, producer and director
* Luis Fernández (cyclist) (born 1980), Spanish cyclist
* Luis Fernández (footballer, born 1989), Paraguayan football midfielder
* Luis Fernández (footballer, born 1993), Spanish footballer
* Luis Fernandez (footballer, born 2001), English football defender
* Luis Fernández (canoeist) (born 1997), Spanish slalom canoeist
* Luis Felipe Fernandez-Salvador

## Luis Fernandes

* Luís Carlos Fernandes (born 1985), Brazilian footballer
* Luís Filipe Ângelo Rodrigues Fernandes (born 1979)
* Luís Fernandes Peixoto Gonçalves Sobrinho (born 1961)
* Luiz Felipe Rodrigues Marques (born 1985), Brazilian footballer
* Alexandre Luiz Fernandes (born 1986), Brazilian footballer
* Luis Felipe Fernandes (born 1996), Brazilian-American soccer player
* Luís Sérgio Fernandes (born 1971), Lebanese footballer
# Swagat

Swagat is a small chain of Indian restaurants in the Portland metropolitan area, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The business operates in northwest Portland, Beaverton, and Hillsboro, and has also operated in Concord, Milpitas, and Stockton, in California.

## Description

The restaurant chain Swagat serves Indian cuisine in the Portland metropolitan area, operating in northwest Portland, Beaverton, and Hillsboro. Swagat has also operated in Concord, Milpitas, and Stockton, in California. All three Oregon locations have hosted lunch buffets and offer take-out. The Portland restaurant is located at the intersection of 21st Avenue and Lovejoy Street in the Northwest District. It shares a bathroom and parking lot with a Laughing Planet restaurant. The Hillsboro location has high ceilings, wooden archways, and copper serving bowls.
Swagat focuses on South Indian cuisine and offers North Indian options as well. Lunch options include chicken, goat, dal curry, palak paneer, pakora, rice, and naan. The dinner menu includes lamb saag, masala dosa, spinach pakora, and vegetable biryani. Desserts include gulab jamun and rice kheer. Swagat has also served aloo gobi, chicken makhani, and lamb vindaloo.

## History

Srimanth Chinnam is the owner of Swagat. In Oregon, the Beaverton location opened in 1992. In California, the Stockton location opened in 2009. In 2011, the Portland location hosted a viewing party of the 2011 Cricket World Cup final in Mumbai between India and Sri Lanka. Chinnam opened the Hillsboro restaurant because "a lot of Indian people, high-tech people, working there couldn't come to Beaverton during their lunch breaks". Upon the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Chinnam laid off approximately 20 of 50 employees working at three locations.

## Reception

Michael Russell ranked Swagat second in The Oregonian's 2019 overview of the metropolitan area's best Indian buffets. He called the northwest location "stately" and the two other locations "equally glorious". He opined, "If you don't like Swagat's buffet, most Indian buffets probably aren't for you." Russell recommended the red-black tandoori chicken and suggested passing on the vegetable pakoras. He also ranked Swagat second in an overview of Portland's "bargain" buffets. Swagat won in the best Indian restaurant category of the newspaper's annual Readers Choice Awards in 2024. Rebecca Roland and Ron Scott included Swagat in Eater Portland's 2024 overview of the city's best Indian cuisine.
# Samuel R. Demarest House

The Samuel R. Demarest House is located at 212 County Road in the borough of Demarest in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was built in 1817, by tradition, and features a slate mansard roof. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1984, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission (MPS).
According to the nomination form, the house was probably built by Samuel R. Demarest (1783–1872). He was a descendant of David des Marest (Demarest), one of the earliest settlers in the county. The property was inherited by Samuel's son, Garret Z. Demarest, in 1872
# Jaffna Tamil dialect

The Jaffna Tamil dialect is a Tamil dialect native to the Jaffna Peninsula and is the primary dialect used in Northern Sri Lanka. It preserves many antique features of Old Tamil that predate Tolkāppiyam, the earliest grammatical treatise of Tamil. The Jaffna Tamil dialect also retains many forms of words and phonemes which were used in Sangam literature such as Tirukkuṛaḷ and Kuṟuntokai, which has gone out of vogue in most Indian Tamil dialects.
The Jaffna Tamil dialect is a Tamil language subgroup dialect native to the Jaffna Peninsula and is the primary dialect used in Northern Sri Lanka. The Jaffna Tamil dialect has a very similar intonation(tone) to Malayalam.
Consequently many consider the Jaffna dialect to be a more conservative form of Tamil. Although, audibly, quite distinct from the spoken Tamil dialects of Tamil Nadu, it nevertheless shares a similar standard written Tamil as Tamil Nadu, but is not always mutually intelligible in colloquial forms. Similarly, Sri Lankan Tamil dialects are not mutually intelligible with Malayalam too though it has a similar intonation and some words which stem from Old Tamil are shared.
A subdialect retained by the Paraiyar people of Kayts still retains a number of archaic words and Prakrit loans not found in any other dialects of Tamil. These drummers had historically played an important role as ritual players of drums at funerals and folk temples and as heralds and traditional weavers. They also maintained the family records of their feudal lords and even practised medicine and astrology in folk traditions

## History

The Jaffna district is very close to South India, being separated by a narrow stretch of sea called the Palk Strait. In spite of the continual contact with India by sea, Sri Lankan Tamils have over the centuries become a distinct people developing dialects that differ in several aspects from the Indian Tamil dialects. The Jaffna Tamil dialect is also distinct to a lesser extent from that of the Eastern, Western and Upcountry Tamil dialects of Sri Lanka.

## Pronunciation

Devoicing of [h] occurs in the Jaffna dialect, the voiceless plosives of the Jaffna dialects represent an antique feature of the pre-Sangam period. The Jaffna pronunciation [nitka]>[nikka] for nirka “to stand’ is likely to preserve the ancient plosive nature of /r/, which in colloquial middle Tamil inscriptions is already confounded with the dental trill in this position.
# Chuhar Chak

Chuhar Chak is a town located in the Moga district of Punjab, India.

## Geography

This village is surrounded by Dhudike (1 km), Daudhar (5 km), Daangian (5 km), Kaonke Kalan (4 km), Nanaksar Kaleran (6 km), Galib Kalan (7 km), Killi Chahlan (4 km). Ajitwal is the nearest railway station at 4 km.

## Demographics

The village has total population of 1,636 with 277 households, 893 males and 743 females.

## Culture

Punjabi is the mother tongue as well as the official language of the village.

## Religion

The villagers are mainly Sikhs and follows the Sikh faith with Hindu minorities.

## Education

Senior Secondary School was established as Khalsa High School in 1904. There is an ITI for girls.

## Sarpanch (village head)

Charanjit Kaur Gill - she is sarpanch of as of 30 December, 2018.

## Notable people

* Lachhman Singh Gill, former Chief Minister of Punjab
* Jagjit Gill, director of the movie Putt Jattan De
# Januarius Kyunosuke Hayasaka

Januarius Kyunosuke Hayasaka (1883-1959) was a bishop of the Catholic Church of Showa from Meiji. His baptismal name was "Yanuario".
Hayasaka was the first Japanese-ethnicity bishop. He served as the archbishop of Nagasaki between 1927 and 1937. His brother Kyube Hayasaka also served as bishop of the Diocese Daegu in Korea.
# Dangerous Lies (1921 film)

Dangerous Lies is a 1921 British silent drama film directed by Paul Powell. Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer. The film is now lost.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Joan, a poor rector's daughter, marries a bounder and, after she discovers his true character, leaves him to make her way in London. She meets and falls in love with Sir Henry Bond, a wealthy collector of antique books, and marries him after reading of her husband's sudden death. Later it is discovered that her husband was not dead, and that he had the notice printed to throw creditors off his trail. Joan goes to his hotel room and a struggle ensues in which her husband falls dead from a heart attack, leaving her free for happiness with her book connoisseur.

## Cast

* David Powell as Sir Henry Bond
* Mary Glynne as Joan Farrant
* Arthur M. Cullin as Eli Hodges
* Ernest A. Douglas as Reverend Farrant
* Warburton Gamble as Leonard Pearce
* Clifford Grey as Franklin Bond
* Minna Grey as Olive Farrant
* Harry Ham as Phelps Westcott
* Philip Hewland as Doctor
* Daisy Sloane as Nanette
# Mark Johnson (Yorkshire cricketer)

Mark Johnson (born 23 April 1958, Gleadless, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England) is a former English first-class cricketer, who played four first-class matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1981. A right arm fast bowler and right-handed batsman, he took seven wickets at an average of 43.00, with a best return of 4 for 48 against Warwickshire. He played fourteen one day games, taking twelve wickets at 37.91, with a best of 4 for 18 against Scotland. He played for Derbyshire Second XI in 1980, before appearing for the Yorkshire Second XI in 1981. However, injury cut short his professional career.
He featured in a record unbeaten last wicket Benson & Hedges Cup stand of 81 with David Bairstow in 1981 versus Derbyshire, on his debut. His most notable victim was bowling out Viv Richards. Johnson is currently playing for the Yorkshire Over 50s side.
He also played in the Sheffield Polytechnic side that won the British Polytechnics Cup in 1976 at Edgbaston, were runners up the next year at the same venue and won the national competition for a second time in 1978 at the Richmond CC ground.
# Stéphane Grichting

Stéphane Grichting (born 30 March 1979) is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a defender. His career began at FC Sion. Grichting then played at AJ Auxerre in France for ten seasons, before moving back to Switzerland to play for Grasshoppers.
He earned 36 caps for the Swiss national team, and was called up to the 2006 FIFA World Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup squads. He was in the squad for the 2004 European Football Championship, but pulled out due to injury.
After Switzerland beat Turkey in the deciding qualifier to 2006 FIFA World Cup, he was injured in the riots that occurred after the match.
At the end of the 2014–15 season, he retired from professional football at the age of 36.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| 1 | 5 September 2009 | St. Jakob-Park, Basel, Switzerland | Greece | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2010 WCQ |

## Honours

Grasshopper
* Swiss Cup: 2012–13
# Aminata Camara (footballer)

Aminata Camara (born 13 November 2001) is a Guinean professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Moroccan Division 1 Féminin club FUS Rabat and captains the Guinea national team.

## Club career

In September 2024, Camara signed with Fath US Rabat in the Moroccan Division 1 Féminin on a one-year contract.

## International career

Camara got her first senior team call-up in October 2021 for the 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification match against Mali. and debuted for the team as a starter on 20 October 2021 in a 2–2 draw to the Malian side. On 21 September 2023, she scored her first international goal against Mauritius in a historic 8–0 win.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Guinea's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Camara goal.
List of international goals scored by Aminata Camara :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 21 September 2023 | General Lansana Conté Stadium, Conakry, Guinea | Mauritius | 7–0 | 8–0 | 2024 WAFCON qualifiers |
| 2 | 26 September 2023 | Côte d'Or National Sports Complex, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius | Mauritius | 1–0 | 3–0 | 2024 WAFCON qualifiers |
| 3 | 26 September 2023 | Côte d'Or National Sports Complex, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius | Mauritius | 3–0 | 3–0 | 2024 WAFCON qualifiers |
| 4 | 21 February 2025 | Stade Lat-Dior, Thiès, Senegal | Cape Verde | 1–2 | 2–2 | 2026 WAFCON qualifiers |
# Krzewie Wielkie

Krzewie Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gryfów Śląski, within Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-east of Gryfów Śląski, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Lwówek Śląski, and 113 km (70 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.