# Blue Thunder

Blue Thunder is a 1983 American action thriller film directed by John Badham.
The Blue Thunder helicopter itself did exist as two copies of modified French Aérospatiale Gazelles.
A spin-off television series, also called Blue Thunder, ran for 11 episodes in 1984.

## Plot

Frank Murphy is a Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) air support division pilot and troubled Vietnam War veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder. His newly assigned observer is novice Richard Lymangood. The two patrol the city at night and give assistance to police forces on the ground when needed.
Upon returning from patrol, the pair are placed under a two-week suspension for allegations of voyeurism during a nearby mugging incident gone wrong that leads to the shooting death of city councilwoman Diana McNeely. Murphy is shortly reinstated for duty and is instructed to attend a private sunrise demonstration in the Mojave Desert at "Pinkville" and is selected to pilot an advanced helicopter, informally called "The Special" but given the nickname "Blue Thunder", during an evaluation exercise. It is a military-style combat aircraft intended for police use in surveillance and against possible large-scale civic disobedience or terrorism during the 1984 Summer Olympics.
With robust bulletproof armor, powerful armament, and other accoutrements, such as thermal infrared scanners, unidirectional microphones and cameras, built-in mobile telephone, computer and modem, a six-barreled 20 millimeter electric cannon, a "whisper mode" that lets the aircraft fly silently and a U-matic video cassette recorder; Blue Thunder appears to be a formidable tool in the war on crime. Murphy notes wryly that with enough of these helicopters "you could run the whole damn country."
When McNeely's death is seemingly turning out to be more than just a random murder, Murphy begins his own covert investigation. He discovers that a subversive action group is intending to use Blue Thunder in a military role to quell urban disorder under the project codename T.H.O.R. ("Tactical Helicopter Offensive Response"), and are secretly eliminating political opponents to advance their agenda, which McNeely was looking into at the time.
Murphy suspects the involvement of his old Vietnam nemesis, former United States Army Colonel F.E. Cochrane, the primary test pilot for Blue Thunder and someone who felt Murphy was "unsuitable" for the program. During a test flight operation over the city, Murphy and Lymangood use Blue Thunder to follow and video record a meeting between Cochrane and the other government officials which would implicate them in the conspiracy, but Cochrane unexpectedly looks outside and sees Blue Thunder hovering in front of their window and realize what has happened.
After landing, Lymangood secures the tape and hides it, but is captured upon returning to his home, interrogated, and then killed while trying to escape from them. Murphy hijacks Blue Thunder and arranges to have his girlfriend Kate retrieve the tape and deliver it to the local news station, using the helicopter to thwart her pursuers. After a crazy high-speed journey through the city which wrecks many police and civilian vehicles, Kate arrives at the news station, but is almost confronted by one of the conspirators; the reporter Kate was sent to find intercepts Kate and gets the tape back, while the conspirator is knocked unconscious by a security guard before it can be electronically erased.
Deeming Murphy as a security risk, Cochrane and the other conspirators employ every asset they can manage to bring Blue Thunder down, including the initial support of the municipal government; beginning with two LAPD Bell 206s. After Murphy incapacitates the first one, forcing it to land via autorotation, he engages in a cat-and-mouse chase with the second by slaloming down the Los Angeles River viaduct until his pursuer crashes. Following this, two Air National Guard F-16 fighters are deployed to deal with Murphy, but he manages to shoot one of them down and evade the other. In the process, one heat-seeking missile destroys a barbecue stand in Little Tokyo and a second missile hits the sun-warmed windows of an ARCO Plaza high-rise building, in both cases having been fooled into missing the prototype by the heat generated by the false targets. Appalled at the heavy destruction in the city so far, and wanting to avoid further collateral damage, the mayor then suspends the hunt-and-destroy operation.
Cochrane, frustrated and bent on finally putting down his former subordinate, defies his orders to stand down and ambushes Blue Thunder in a heavily-armed Hughes 500 helicopter. After a tense battle, Murphy shoots Cochrane down, executing a 360° loop through use of Blue Thunder's turbine boost function. His vehicle having sustained heavy damage and running low on fuel, Murphy then destroys Blue Thunder by landing it in front of an approaching freight train; the helicopter erupts in a huge fireball, but Murphy quietly walks away unharmed and disappears, his enemies assuming he was killed in the explosion.
In the meantime, the tape is made public, and the conspirators are arrested.

## Cast

* Roy Scheider as Frank Murphy
* Warren Oates as Jack Braddock
* Candy Clark as Kate
* Daniel Stern as Richard Lymangood
* Malcolm McDowell as F.E. Cochrane
* Paul Roebling as Icelan
* David Sheiner as Fletcher
* Joe Santos as Montoya
* Jason Bernard as The Mayor
* Robin Braxton as Councilwoman Diane McNeely

## Production

Co-writers Dan O'Bannon and Don Jakoby began developing the plot while living together in a Hollywood apartment in the late 1970s, where low-flying police helicopters woke them on a regular basis. Their original script was a more political one, attacking the concept of a police state controlling the population through high-tech surveillance and heavy armament. They sought and received extensive script help from Captain Bob Woods, then-chief of the LAPD's Air Support Division. The first draft of the screenplay for Blue Thunder was written in 1979 and featured Frank Murphy as more of a crazy main character with deeper psychological issues, who went on a rampage and destroyed much of Los Angeles before finally falling to F-16s.
The script was rewritten by American screenwriter Dean Riesner with directions on the style of dialogue from director John Badham.
Filmed on location in Los Angeles beginning in the late months of 1981, Blue Thunder was one of Warren Oates' last films before his death on April 3, 1982, which occurred during post-production, and the film is dedicated to him. He made one movie and one TV episode before and after filming during 1981–1982 that were released after Blue Thunder.
Although the film was shot in Los Angeles and real-life neighborhoods are mentioned, the LAPD did not allow any references to be made to them. Hence, the police force is known as the more-generic "Metropolitan Police" and Frank Murphy is part of the fictional "ASTRO Division", rather than the real-life "Air Support Division". However, Air Support assignments are often known as ASTRO, or "Air Support to Regular Operations".
The LAPD Hooper Heliport, which was still under construction at the time, filled in as the home base for the fictional version of the police air unit. The drive-in theater scene where Frank's girlfriend Kate recovers the tape was filmed at the Pickwick Theatre in Burbank, California; the theater has since then been demolished and replaced by a Pavilions supermarket.
Malcolm McDowell, who portrayed antagonist F. E. Cochrane; ironically has an intense fear of flying in real life and not even his then-wife Mary Steenburgen could persuade him to overcome his phobia. In an interview for Starlog in 1983, Badham recalled, "He was terrified. He used to get out and throw up after a flight." McDowell's grimaces and discomfort can be seen during the climactic battle between Murphy and Cochrane in the film. Steenburgen commented to filmmakers afterward, "I don't know how you got him up there, I can't even get him in a 747!"

### Blue Thunder helicopter

Designer Mickey Michaels created the helicopters used in the film after reviewing and rejecting various existing designs. The helicopters used for Blue Thunder were French built Aérospatiale SA-341G Gazelles modified with bolt-on parts and Apache-style canopies. Two modified Gazelle helicopters, a Hughes 500 helicopter, and two radio-controlled F-16 fighter models were used in the filming of the movie. The helicopters were purchased from Aérospatiale by Columbia Pictures for $190,000 each and flown to Cinema Air in Carlsbad, California where they were heavily modified for the film. These alterations made the helicopters so heavy that various tricks had to be employed to make it look fast and agile in the film. For instance, the 360° loop maneuver Murphy performs at the end of the film, which catches Cochrane so completely by surprise that he is easily shot down by Murphy's gunfire and killed, was carried out by a radio controlled model.

## Reception
### Box office

Blue Thunder was released on May 13, 1983. It was the number 1 ranked film in the United States on its opening weekend, taking in $8,258,149 at 1,539 theaters, overtaking the previous number 1 film Flashdance. The film was ranked No. 2 in its second and third weekends. Overall, in the US, it earned $42,313,354 over its 66 days of release. Blue Thunder was released in West Germany on February 5, 1983, before its US release, and it was released worldwide between June and September 1983. Its UK release was August 25, 1983. It was released in East Germany and South Korea in 1984. Its total international box office income is unreported. The film earned $21.9 million from video rentals in the US.

### Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 78% of 23 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.6/10. On Metacritic it has a score of 66% based on reviews from 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Variety called it "a ripsnorting live-action cartoon, utterly implausible but no less enjoyable for that". Rita Kempley of The Washington Post wrote: "Blue Thunder hovers just this side of trash and the other side of credibility, but it propels a willing audience into adrenaline heaven." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote: "The action sequences are what the film is all about, and these are remarkably well done, including a climactic, largely bloodless shootout among helicopters and jet fighters over Los Angeles."
C. J. Henderson reviewed Blue Thunder in The Space Gamer No. 63. Henderson commented that "Blue Thunder is this year's must-see action film. See it."
Christopher John reviewed Blue Thunder in Ares Magazine #14 and commented that "For those who want a film that is both filled with action and thought provoking, Blue Thunder is a sure bet. Watch out, George, the Jedi have competition."
The film garnered an Oscar nomination for Best Film Editing for Frank Morriss and Edward Abroms, but lost out to The Right Stuff.

## Cultural references

An acronym used in the film, "JAFO", meaning "Just Another Fucking Observer", is police community jargon and is mentioned repeatedly in the film in reference to any police helicopter's non-pilot second officer, in this case Daniel Stern's character of Richard Lymangood. In the related TV series, the reference is expurgated for prime-time television as "Just Another Frustrated Observer" for Clinton Wonderlove (Dana Carvey).
A screen still from Blue Thunder of the helicopter flying in front of the Los Angeles skyline is used as the background image of the title screen in the Sega 1987 video game Thunder Blade.
In the TaleSpin episode "Baloo Thunder," the episode title and certain plot elements are referenced and parodied from the film, when ace pilot Baloo helps out his inventor friend Buzz, who is being framed for stealing a "Top Secret Project" from his industrialist employer Shere Khan by an ambitious corporate spy within Khan Industries for a rival competitor, which in reality is the new invention for its time period: the helicopter.
In the 2002 video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, the player can infiltrate a military base and steal an attack helicopter to perform vigilante missions known as Brown Thunder, spoofing the film.

## Video game

In 1987, Coca-Cola Telecommunications released a Blue Thunder video tape cartridge for Worlds of Wonder's short lived Action Max game system. Using footage from the film, the player plays the pilot of the Blue Thunder helicopter as he tries to prevent the World Peace Coalition from being attacked by a terrorist organization.

## Remake

In 2015, Sony proposed a remake of Blue Thunder focusing on drone technology, with Dana Brunetti and Michael De Luca as producers, and Craig Kyle as writer. In 2017, it was announced that Columbia Pictures would be overseeing the remake.