OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# How to Write an Autobiographical Novel

How to Write an Autobiographical Novel is a 2018 essay collection by American writer Alexander Chee, published by Mariner Books. The essays, spanning Chee's life as a writer and teacher, cover topics ranging from life, literature, politics, higher education, and Korean and queer identities. The book was included on Time Magazine's 10 Best Nonfiction Books of the Year. It was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Memoir or Biography, as well as the PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay.

## Content

Chee began putting together the book after being asked to speak at Columbia University by Lis Harris. One of Harris' requests to Chee was asking him to put together some of his essays to send to her students. After Chee blogged about his experience gathering his essays, he and his agent quickly worked together to amass a "greatest hits," as well as a few essays which Chee had not yet finished. Some the essays "took over a decade to write."
Many of the essays were previously published in magazines, such as "Mr. and Mrs. B" in Apology Magazine and "Girl" in Guernica. The essays address a wide variety of topics and experiences, such as Chee's time at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, working for the William F. Buckley Jr., and learning from Annie Dillard. Some essays, like "100 Things About Writing a Novel", are experimental in form. The last essay, "On Becoming an American Writer", was excerpted in The Paris Review shortly after the book's release and was derived from an email Chee wrote to his students in wake of the Iraq War.

## Critical Reception

According to Book Marks, the book received a "rave" consensus, based on twenty-two critics: nineteen "rave" and three "positive".
Publishers Weekly gave the book a starred review, citing Chee's "marvelously oblique style as an essayist". The New York Times revered the strength of Chee's prose and the subjects which it tackled: "Chee has written a moving and personal tribute to impermanence, a wise and transgressive meditation on a life lived both because of and in spite of America". The Rumpus found the essay collection moving, a reminder of "why we write, but also, why we read, even in these times of never ending distress." NPR called Chee "a very special artist; his writing is lyrical and accessible, whimsical and sad, often all at the same time." Some critics saw the book as an investigation and reflection into the self that animated his prior works, The Queen of the Night and Edinburgh. Many critics noted the unified feeling of the book despite its format. The Washington Independent Review of Books, in particular, stated: "This work calls itself an essay collection. And, yes, each essay stands alone, but they also hum together, ebbing and flowing back and forth through Chee's life ..." The Brooklyn Rail remarked on how the previously published essays had been polished for the book, with the effect that they "form a sort of autobiography themselves."
# Fethi Heper

Fethi Heper (3 February 1944 – 13 February 2025) was a Turkish professional footballer who played as a forward. He was the top goal scorer of Eskişehirspor. Following retirement, he became a university finance professor.

## Biography

Heper scored many goals during his career, and was the leading scorer in the Süper Lig during the 1969–70 and 1971–72 seasons. He made three appearances for the Turkey national team.
After his football career, he became a lecturer. He was also a finance professor at Anadolu University.
He graduated for his licence Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences in Eskişehir in 1967. Afterwards, he finished his doctor's degree in 1978.
Heper died in Odunpazarı on 13 February 2025, at the age of 81.
# Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera

Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera (May 28, 1828 – August 15, 1885) was a scholar Buddhist monk who lived in the 19th century in Sri Lanka. An educationist and revivalist of Sri Lankan Buddhism, he was reputed for his knowledge of Pali, Sanskrit and Buddhist Philosophy. Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera was the founder of Vidyalankara Pirivena, Peliyagoda, which was granted the University status later by the Sri Lankan government in 1959, and presently known as University of Kelaniya. Sri Dharmaloka College in Kelaniya, Sri Lanka is named after him.

## Life and work

He was born on 28 May 1828 at Ratmalana in Colombo district. His father was Mr. Don Coranelis Appuhami and mother was Mrs. Dona Hamine. Under the guidance of Ven. Thalangama Sobitha Thera and Ven. Andupe Sonuttara Thera. He was ordained in 1837 as a novice monk and was given the name "Ratmalane Dhramaloka". Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera received his higher education from Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena in Ratmalana, under the guidance of Walane Sri Siddhartha Mahathera. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera was one of his contemporaries at Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena. In 1860 he obtained higher ordination of Upasampada from the Malwatta Chapter, Kandy. By which time he was accepted as a learned monk.
He taught the Dhamma (Buddhism) to the monks and lay students at his resident temple at Ratmalana and wrote and edited several classics. It was when he, along with his student monk Ven. Ratmalane Sri Dharmarama, came on the invitation to Dalugama to observe the 'vas' season (Rainy retreat) in 1875. During his stay, he took the initiative in setting up the Vidyalankara Dayaka Sabha. Subsequently the Vidyalankara Pirivena, Kelaniya was established on 1 November 1875.
Vidyalankara Pirivena, Kelaniya which was established by Ven. Ratmalane Dharmaloka Maha Thera was promoted to the state of University by the government in 1958. Vidyalankara Pirivena gave due place to language, religion, and literature at a time of their degradation. Intellectuals such as Ven. Ratmalane Sri Dharmarama Thera, Don Baron Jayatilaka, Mudaliar Palis Fernando Wimalagunawardena, Nicholas Attygalle are some of the earliest products of Vidyalankara Pirivena.
Leading a simple life according to the teachings of the Buddha was his motto which he promoted among his students. By training his chief disciple Ratmalane Sri Dharmarama Thera, to be well versed in the Dhamma (Buddhism), and to continue his Buddhist revivalist work, Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera had established a solid tradition to continue the good work he started. He died on August 15, 1885, at the age of 57.
# Heroic City

Heroic City (Spanish: ciudad heroica) is the title bestowed on cities of Mexico in recognition of some historical event in defense of national sovereignty or the republican and federal form of government. The title is granted by the state congresses of the respective states. The cities of Atlixco, Puebla de Zaragoza and Veracruz have received this distinction several times.
In 2006, a commission was established to document information about 35 Mexican cities recognized as heroic. Since then, the count has increased to 45 cities and towns in Mexico bearing the designation "Heroic" in their names. These cities earned their heroic status due to their significant involvement in key wars throughout Mexican history.
The wars include the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821), First French Intervention (1838–1839), Mexican–American War (1846–1848), Caste War of Yucatán (1847–1901), Second French Intervention (1861–1867), Mexican Revolution (1910–1920), and other notable battles. For a battle to be considered heroic, it must have made a substantial impact on the Mexican side of the conflict, representing a pivotal moment in Mexican history.
# Katarína Koščová

Katarína Koščová (born 11 February 1982 in Prešov, Slovakia) is a Slovak singer who rose to popularity after winning Slovensko Hľadá SuperStar, the Slovak version of Pop Idol, shown by STV.

## Slovensko hľadá SuperStar Performances

| Episode | Theme | Song choice | Original artist | Result |
| Semi-final - Group 3 | Personal Choice | "Rome Wasn't Built in a Day" | Morcheeba | Advanced |
| Top 11 | My Idol | "You Had Me" | Joss Stone | Safe |
| Top 10 | Ballads | "Little Sister" | Jana Kirschner | Safe |
| Top 9 | 1970s Disco | "We Are Family" | Sister Sledge | Safe |
| Top 8 | Hits of Year 2004 | "Powerless (Say What You Want)" | Nelly Furtado | Safe |
| Top 7 | Rock Edition | "You Oughta Know" | Alanis Morissette | Safe |
| Top 6 | Duets | "Say Say Say" with Zdenka Predná | Michael Jackson and George Michael | Bottom 3 |
| Top 6 | Duets | "Oh Me Oh My" with Miro Jaroš | Jana Kirschner and Miroslav Žbirka | Bottom 3 |
| Top 6 | Duets | "The Shoop Shoop Song" with Martina Šindlerová | Cher | Bottom 3 |
| Top 5 | The Beatles vs Elvis Presley | "I Saw Her Standing There" | The Beatles | Safe |
| Top 5 | The Beatles vs Elvis Presley | "Jailhouse Rock" | Elvis Presley | Safe |
| Top 4 | Slovak Hits | "Tam kde sa neumiera" | Zuzana Smatanová | Safe |
| Top 4 | Slovak Hits | "Pomätená" | Marika Gombitová | Safe |
| Top 3 | Swing | "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)" | Louis Prima | Safe |
| Top 3 | Swing | "Summertime" | Abbie Mitchell | Safe |
| Top 3 | Swing | "Cheek to Cheek" | Ginger Rogers | Safe |
| Finale | Favorite song | "Rome Wasn't Built in a Day" | Morcheeba | Winner |
| Finale | Favorite song | "You Oughta Know" | Alanis Morissette | Winner |
| Finale | Winner's song | "Najkrajšia SMS-ka" | Katarína Koščová | Winner |
| Finale | Finalist duet | "Zasvieť" with Martina Šindlerová | TOP 2 | Winner |

## Discography

Albums
* Slovensko hľadá Superstar Top 11 (April 2005)
* Ešte sa nepoznáme (July 2005)
* Naboso (October 2006)
* Nebotrasenie (February 2009)
* Štedrý večer (October 2012)
* Oknom (September 2014)
Singles
* Katka
* Pehatá
* Koľko ešte krát
* Posledná
# Hama Himeyn

Hama Himeyn is a 2004 Maldivian film directed by Ahmed Nimal. Produced by Sama and Ziya under Corona Arts, the film stars Ali Seezan, Khadheeja Ibrahim Didi and Nashidha Mohamed in pivotal roles. The story of the film was written in 1998 by Mahdi Ahmed and re-written with a modern perspective when director Ahmed Nimal shared his intention to direct a film for his story.

## Premise

Several years later, Aminath (Niuma Mohamed) returns from Madras after completing her studies and meets her ex-boyfriend, Faisal (Ali Seezan) who is now married to an emotionally immature wife, Fazeela (Khadheeja Ibrahim Didi). As the film moves forward, Faisal's past life as a drug addict unfolds. Faisal shows up drunk at Aminath's birthday party where he ends their relationship and attacks his father Zahir (Chilhiya Moosa Manik) at home. He was then exiled to another island where he meets Fazeela and her aunt, Nashidha (Nashidha Mohamed).

## Cast

* Ali Seezan as Faisal
* Khadheeja Ibrahim Didi as Fazeela
* Nashidha Mohamed as Nashidha
* Ali Shameel as Adnan
* Niuma Mohamed as Aminath
* Chilhiya Moosa Manik as Zahir
* Mohamed Manik as Muruthala
* Shameema as Faisal's mother
* Ahmed Nimal as Habeeb; Nashidha's husband
* Ahmed Latheef as Nashidha
* Saiman
* Ahmed Azmeel as Ibrahim; a friend of Faisal
* Yoosuf Shafeeu as Dr. Ibrahim (special appearance)

## Response

Upon release, the film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and did average business at boxoffice. In an interview, screenwriter Mahdi Ahmed shared his dissatisfaction towards his writing standards in the film and shared his experience of watching the movie in cinema as an "embarrassing" moment.
# Three College Observatory

Three College Observatory (TCO) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by The University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (N.C. A&T), and Guilford College (GC). Built in 1979, it is located 10 kilometers (6 mi) south of Graham, North Carolina (USA), in the Cane Creek Mountains. The observatory, designed by W. Edward Jenkins, was funded with a $250,000 grant, however, it would cost $1.5 million to replace it today. The observatory's primary instrument is a 32 in (81 cm) Ritchey-Chrétien reflecting telescope attached to an equatorial mount. It was built by Sigma Research and installed at TCO in 1981. TCO is used by UNCG for instruction and outreach. It continues to be the largest telescope in North Carolina and ones of the largest telescopes in the southeast.
# William Pery, 1st Baron Glentworth

William Cecil Pery, 1st Baron Glentworth (26 July 1721 – 4 July 1794) was an 18th-century Anglican bishop in Ireland.

## Biography

He was born on 26 July 1721, the son of Reverend Stackpole Pery and Jane Twigg, daughter of William Twigg, Archdeacon of Limerick, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. His elder brother was Edmund Pery, 1st Viscount Pery and younger sister was Lucy Hartstonge the founder of what is now St John's Hospital.
He was Dean of Killaloe (1772-1780) and then Derry. Pery was nominated Bishop of Killala and Achonry on 7 January 1781 and consecrated on 18 February that year. He was translated to Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe on 13 May 1784. He was created Baron Glentworth, of Mallow in the Peerage of Ireland, in 1790 and died on 4 July 1794. William Street in Limerick is named after him, as were Cecil Street, Glentworth Street and Mallow Street.
Pery firstly married Jane Walcott, daughter of John Minchin Walcott, and following her death, married secondly Dorothea Lewis, daughter of William Lewis, Archdeacon of Kilfenora. He was succeeded in his title by his son, Edmund Pery, who was later made Earl of Limerick. His daughter, Hon. Eleanor Pery, married Sir Vere Hunt, 1st Baronet. She died in 1821.
# Sathar Island

Sathar Island (10°11′26.34″N 76°11′28.88″E﻿ / ﻿10.1906500°N 76.1913556°E﻿ / 10.1906500; 76.1913556) is an island located in a distributary of the Periyar River in the Ernakulam district of the Indian state of Kerala. The land strip is about 2 km in length and 156 acres in area. The population is below 500. It is connected to the main land by Sathar island bridge.

## History

The mainland Sathar Island is believed to be created in mid 1800s. The original strip of land was much smaller and the main land is man-made island filled with soil.
# Arthur Buckminster Fuller

Arthur Buckminster Fuller (August 10, 1822 – December 11, 1862) was a Unitarian clergyman of the United States.

## Biography

Fuller was born in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts on August 10, 1822. He was a son of United States Congressman Timothy Fuller and was prepared for college by his sister Margaret Fuller. He graduated from Harvard College in 1843, and studied in the Harvard Divinity School. For some years, he was a teacher and missionary in Illinois, after which he held pastorates in Manchester, New Hampshire (1848–1853), Boston (new North Church; 1853–1859) and Watertown, Massachusetts (until 1861).
In the American Civil War, he became chaplain to the Sixteenth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry on August 1, 1861. He was honorably discharged on December 10, 1862, on account of failing health. On the day following his discharge, being present at the Battle of Fredericksburg, he volunteered to join the Nineteenth Massachusetts in crossing the Rappahannock River and was shot to death while attempting to drive the Confederate sharpshooters out of the city.
Inventor Buckminster Fuller was a grandson of his.

## Writings

He edited several works of his sister Margaret. Among his other publications are:
* Sabbath-School Manual of Christian Doctrine and Institutions (Boston, 1850)
* Historical Discourse delivered in the New North Church, Boston, 1 October 1854
* Liberty versus Romanism, two discourses (1859)
# Ampelita capdambrae

Ampelita capdambrae is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Acavidae.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Madagascar.
# South Herefordshire

South Herefordshire was one of nine local government districts of the English county of Hereford and Worcester from 1974 to 1998.

## History

South Herefordshire District was formed on 1 April 1974 as part of a general reorganisation of local administration in England and Wales under the Local Government Act 1972. It was formed from part of the administrative county of Herefordshire, and covered the area of four former districts, which were abolished at the same time:
* Dore and Bredwardine Rural District
* Ross-on-Wye Urban District
* Hereford Rural District
* Ross and Whitchurch Rural District.
The district entirely surrounded the district of Hereford.
Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, South Herefordshire and the county of Hereford and Worcester were abolished in 1998. South Herefordshire was combined with the areas of City of Hereford, most of the District of Leominster, and part of the District of Malvern Hills to form a new unitary authority of Herefordshire.

## Parishes

The district comprised the following civil parishes:.

## Political control

The first elections to the council were held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority before coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council from 1974 until its abolition in 1998 was always held by independent councillors:
| Party in control | Party in control | Years |
| | Independent | 1974-1998 |

## Premises

When first created the council inherited various offices from its predecessor authorities. In 1977 it bought a large former house called Brockington at 35 Haford Road in Hereford, outside the council's administrative area. Brockington had been built in 1909 and had served as the headquarters of Herefordshire Constabulary since 1946. The building was converted to become the council's headquarters and was substantially extended. The council also maintained an area office at the old Ross-on-Wye Urban District Council Chambers at 20 Broad Street.

## Elections

* 1973 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1976 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1979 South Herefordshire District Council election (New ward boundaries)
* 1980 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1982 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1983 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1984 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1986 South Herefordshire District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same)
* 1987 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1988 South Herefordshire District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same)
* 1990 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1991 South Herefordshire District Council election (New ward boundaries)
* 1992 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1994 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1995 South Herefordshire District Council election
* 1996 South Herefordshire District Council election
# Haim Ziskind

Haim Ziskind (Hebrew: חיים זינסקינד; born June 14, 1990, in Haifa, Israel) is an Israeli former footballer who plays for Maccabi Bnei Reineh.

## Career

Ziskind began his career with Maccabi Haifa and is the 3rd choice goalkeeper of the Ligat Toto team.

## Honours
### Youth

* Israel Youth Club League
** Winner (1): 2008-2009
# Jeleń

Jeleń may refer to the following places:
* Jeleń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Jeleń, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Jeleń, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Jeleń, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
* Jeleń, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Jeleń, Silesian Voivodeship, district of Jaworzno (south Poland)
* Jeleń, Działdowo County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Jeleń, Mrągowo County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Jeleń, Pisz County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Jeleń, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Margery Baxter

Margery Baxter (fl. 1429) was an outspoken Lollard from Martham, England. She was brought to trial twice and flogged at church.

## Life

Baxter's early life is unknown. She lived in Martham in Norfolk where her husband William Baxter was a wright. Her husband had already been convicted of heresy before she came to trial.

## Background

The Lollards were a fourteenth and fifteenth century heretical sect who followed the teachings of John Wycliffe, an English scholar and theologian. He had denounced corruption in the Catholic Church, which at the time held great power, and had sought to bring about reform. Wycliffe and the Lollards translated the Bible into English, and aimed to cleanse religion of corruption and excessive wealth, and to bring all Christians in to more direct contact with God. The Lollards were precursors of the Protestants in England, who flourished in following centuries. Wycliffite ideas were extremely controversial and politically dangerous, because the state and church were closely knit together.

## Teachings

Influenced by John Wycliffe and William White, Baxter taught controversial Lollard doctrines. She was very critical of regimented church life and spoke out against multiple church practices from Sunday worship traditions to infant baptism and the image of the crucifix. As were many Lollards, Baxter was tried for heresy in October 1428 and in 1429 as part of the Norwich Heresy Trials (1428-1431).

## Accusations and trial

Johanna Clifland testified against her, claiming that Baxter had expressed a variety of unorthodox sentiments, speaking out against the traditions of sanctioned marriage, fasting for religious days, and the swearing of religious oaths. Echoing foundational Lollard beliefs, Baxter also opposed the wealth of Catholic clergymen and the practice of confession to church officials.
Baxter was an admirer of her fellow Lollard Hawise Mone. She and Baxter were followers of the heretical priest William White who had been burnt at the stake in 1428 with fellow heretics Hugh Pye of Loddon and John (or William) Waddon.
Six months after Johanna Clifland made her accusations, Margery Baxter confessed in October 1428, and she was sentenced to four Sunday floggings at her parish church. two at the local marketplace and then two recants at the cathedral. She had admitted that she had smuggled and hidden White's teachings at her home and that she believed six heresies:
* only people who keep God's commandments are Christian;
* confessions to God are not required (one can rely on God's mercy);
* pilgrimages are generally not required;
* killing of any type including capital punishment are wrong;
* any good person is a priest;
* oaths are only required in a court.
She was brought to trial again in April 1429 and although the charges were serious, she believed she would escape death because she was pregnant. This was not certain, but she was not sentenced to death, and this may be because she implicated another Lollard, John Pyry from Martham.