OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tympanella galanthina

Tympanella galanthina, or cottonbud pouch, is a secotioid fungus in the monotypic genus Tympanella, a member of the Bolbitiaceae family. It is endemic to New Zealand.

## Etymology

Tympanella, derived from the Latin Tympanum meaning little drum or stretched and -ella meaning small.
The specific epithet galanthina is possibly derived from the Greek, Γαλα = milk, ανθοσ = flower, and the adjectival ending, -ιον; possibly referring to similarities to the snowdrop, Galanthus.

## Taxonomy

Mordecai Cubitt Cooke and George Edward Massee first described the species as Agaricus galanthinus in 1890. The species was described as Naucoria galanthina in 1891 by Peir Andrea Saccado. The genus Tympanella was re-described by mycologist Egon Horak in 1971. The holotype specimen was collected by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke and George Edward Massee in New Zealand in 1890.

## Description

The pileus of Tympanella galanthina is dry, and 7–30 mm diameter. It is secotioid and globose when young. Later in development the pileus may become convex or campanulate, however, the margin is still strongly incurved. The colour varies and can be white, cream, clay, or buff. The pileus is densely squamulose, with small hairs or scales. There are fibrillose remnants of the veil near the margin, white and conspicuous particularly on young fruit bodies. The lamellae are a distinct rust to cinnamon brown, not lacunose or anastomosing, adnate or adnexed, sometimes subdecurrent and floccose with a coloured edge. The cylindrical stipe is also dry and is typically 10–40 mm tall and 1.5–5 mm wide. It is light brown, concolourus with the pileus and has white fibrils down from the veil. This species does not have a permanent cortina or ring and columella is absent /not attenuated near the apex. The stipe is singularly fistulose, watery brown context without smell or taste.
The spores are smooth, elliptical, and thick-walled, 10.4–13.5 × 6.3–8 μ. The spores have a germ pore and are reddish-brown, but are not amyloid or dextrinoid. The basidia are 27–36 × 8–11 μ with 4 spores. The cheilocystidia are 15–45 × 12–25 μ and are thin-walled, hyaline, clavate or lageniform with a sterile zone at the edge. Cylindrical or fusoid hyphae form a cuticle, a trichoderm (5–20 μ diam.) which is thin walled, gelatinised, without pigment, and has suberect tips and clamp connections.

## Habitat and distribution

Tympanella galanthina is found in New Zealand forests among leaf litter or fallen tree fern fronds, and occasionally on rotting wood. It prefers wet forest conditions and is distributed over the North and South Islands. It has been found in association with Beilschmiedia tawa, Sphaeropteris medullaris, Leptospermum scoparium, Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri, and with Podocarpus.
# Ryo Hidaka

Ryo Hidaka (日高 亮, Hidaka Ryō, born July 19, 1990 in Saiki, Ōita, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player.
# Sørenn Rasmussen

Søren Rasmussen (born 12 August 1976) is a Danish former goalkeeper in handball and current goalkeeping coach. He won the 2013–14 EHF Champions League with SG Flensburg-Handewitt.

## Club career

Søren Rasmussen started playing handball in Balling Volling Ungdoms- og Idrætsforening and switched to Hjorshøj-Egaa when he became a senior player. In 1997 he signed for Viborg HK, where he won the Danish Men's Handball Cup in 2000.
In 2003 he joined AaB Håndbold, where he was until 2010. In his last season at AaB he won both the Danish Cup and League. The following season he signed for Flensburg-Handewitt who were looking to replace Johan Sjöstrand who had transferred to FC Barcelona Handbol. AaB agreed to the transfer, even though Rasmussen had another year left of his contract. Here he won silver medals in the German Bundesliga twice in 2012 and 2013 and silver medals in the DHB-Pokal four times.
He returned to Danish handball to join Bjerringbro-Silkeborg in 2014, where he won the Danish league for the second time in 2016.
The last club of his playing career was Ribe-Esbjerg HH, where he retired in 2022 at the age of 45. In his last season he won the player of the year award for Ribe-Esbjerg HH.
After his playing career he became a goalkeeping coach at the Danish club TTH Holstebro.

## National team

Rasmussen made his debut on the national team in 2000, but it was not until the 2011 World Men's Handball Championship in Sweden, that he played at a major international tournament. The retirement of first choice keeper Kasper Hvidt opened the door for Rasmussens spot. In 2011 he won a silver medal with the Danish national team.

## Honours

* Danish Championship:
** Gold: 2010
** Gold: 2016
* German Bundesliga
** Silver: 2012
** Silver: 2013
* EHF Champions League
** Gold: 2013–14 EHF Champions League
# Cable fairing

A cable fairing is a structure attached to a towed cable designed to streamline the flow around the cable, primarily in marine environments.
Cables are faired primarily for two reasons: (1) to reduce normal drag and thus achieve more depth for a given cable scope and speed; and (2) to eliminate cable vibration caused by vortex shedding, commonly known as cable strum.
Another approach is to design a cable with a streamlined profile in order to share the load chordwise and reduce the frontal section.

## Types of cable fairing

There are several major types of cable fairing:
* Hard fairing: essentially a streamlined teardrop-shaped shell clamped in sections over the cable;
* Ribbon fairing: flexible ribbons attached to the cable that assume a streamlined shape, or break the coherence in vortex shedding when towed;
* Hairy fairing: similar to ribbon fairing, but the “ribbons” take the form of hair-like flexible structures.
All cables (faired or unfaired) have hydrodynamic drag coefficient and loading functions. These describe the variation in drag/lift coefficients (or normal/tangential force coefficients) as a function of angle $a$ with respect to the flow. As an example, the loading function for the normal drag coefficient of an unfaired cable, represented as a flexible circular cylinder, is $\textstyle \sin ^{2}{\alpha }$ ($\alpha =90^{\circ }$ means that the cable is normal to the flow).

## Performance

Cylindrical cables have drag coefficient above 1.1 (higher when strumming).
Aspect ratio of fairings is limited by stability issues. Fairings section tested in basin can lower the drag coefficients to 0.02, but drag coefficients around 0.2 are known to have been reached at sea.

## Operational complexities

Fairing a cable can increase the complexity of the handling system. An unfaired cable can be wrapped many times on a winch drum. Some types of faired cable may only permit a single wrap.
Furthermore, many types of hard fairing require the use of anti-stacking rings. When under tension, the diameter of a steel-armored cable gets smaller. This in turn would cause the fairing sections to loosen and slide down the cable (until they “stack” at the aft end) without the use of the anti-stacking rings.
# Aarathi (film)

Aarathi (Malayalam: ആരതി) is a 1981 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Chandrakumar and produced by Soorya Narayanan Potti. The film stars Seema as the titular character, along with Sukumaran, Mala Aravindan and Ravi Menon in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. B. Sreenivasan.

## Cast

* Seema as Aarathi
* Sukumaran as Saimon
* Mala Aravindan as Damu
* Ravi Menon as Ravi
* Vincent as Vijayan
* Cochin Haneefa as Gangan
* Sankaradi as Balan Menon
* Jose Prakash as Major Prathapa Chandran
* Santhakumari as Nurse

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. B. Sreenivasan and the lyrics were written by Sathyan Anthikkad.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Hridaya Vaathaayanangal" | K. J. Yesudas | Sathyan Anthikkad |
| 2 | "Kaumaara Swapnangal" | S. Janaki | Sathyan Anthikkad |
| 3 | "Koumaara Swapnangal" [Dual] | S. Janaki | Sathyan Anthikkad |
# Lagerheimia

Lagerheimia is a genus of green algae in the family Oocystaceae. It is commonly found in freshwater habitats all over the world, although some species are rare and have only been recorded from Europe or the United States.
The genus name of Lagerheimia is in honour of Nils Gustaf Lagerheim (1860–1926), who was a Swedish botanist, mycologist, phycologist, and pteridologist.
The genus was circumscribed by Giovanni Battista De Toni and Robert Hippolyte Chodat in Nuova Notarisia vol.6 on page 86-90 in 1895.

## Description

Lagerheimia consists of solitary cells. Cells are spherical, ellipsoidal, ovoid, polyhedral, or citriform (lemon-shaped), with one to several spines at the poles; some species also have spines at the equators. A layer of mucilage around the cell may be present. Cells contain a parietal chloroplast with one pyrenoid.
Species identification is based on the shape of the cells, placement and length of the spines, and presence or absence of tubercles at the base of the spines. Species with tubercles at the base of their spines have been classified in a separate genus, called Chodatella; however, modern authors do not recognize this split. The genus is similar to Franceia, which has spines distributed all over the cell surface. It may also be confused with single-celled forms of Desmodesmus, a genus that usually has coenobia of four or eight cells.

## Reproduction

Lagerheimia reproduces asexually by zoospores or autospores. Zoospores have two flagella. When reproducing with autospores, 2, 4, or 8 are formed within the mother cell and are released when the mother cell wall ruptures. Reports of sexual reproduction have not been confirmed.

## Taxonomy

Lagerheimia is placed in the family Oocystaceae. The cell wall ultrastructure of Lagerheimia subsalsa is similar to that of some species of Oocystis, and consists of several layers of microfibrils. Microfibrils are perpendicular from one layer to the next.
Because Lagerheimia appears similar to one-celled forms of Desmodesmus, some authors have doubted the validity of this genus. However, Lagerheimia strains are phylogenetically placed within the class Trebouxiophyceae. In its current circumscription, Lagerheimia is polyphyletic: some species are more closely related to Franceia than to other Lagerheimia species.
# Nassawango Iron Furnace Site

The Nassawango Iron Furnace was built in 1830 by the Maryland Iron Company to produce iron from bog ore deposits in its vicinity. It is notable for its innovative use of a "hot blast" technique for smelting the iron, which had been developed in England around 1828, and which may have been added to the Nassawango Furnace in 1837. Due to the variable nature of the bog ore deposits, the furnace stopped operations in 1849.
The furnace is now centerpiece of the Furnace Town Living Heritage Museum.
# Aasramam

Aasramam is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by K. K. Chandran. The film stars Dr. Mohandas, K. P. Ummer and Reena in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

## Cast

* Dr. Mohandas
* K. P. Ummer
* Reena

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan and the lyrics were written by Chunakkara Ramankutty.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Apsara Kanyake" | P. Jayachandran | Chunakkara Ramankutty | |
| 2 | "Ashtamudikkayaru" | Ravi Prasad | Chunakkara Ramankutty | |
# Aazhi Alayaazhi

Aazhi Alayaazhi is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Mani Swamy. The film stars Kaviyoor Ponnamma, Anupama, Sukumaran and K. P. Ummer in the lead roles. The film has musical score by G. Devarajan.

## Cast

* Kaviyoor Ponnamma
* Anupama
* Sukumaran
* K. P. Ummer
* Kuthiravattam Pappu

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Pollunna Theeyaanu Sathyam" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran | |
| 2 | "Poonilaavil" | P. Madhuri | P. Bhaskaran | |
# Chittenden-3-8 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012

The Chittenden-3-8 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-8 District includes a section of the Chittenden County city of South Burlington defined as follows:
   That portion of the City of South Burlington starting at the junction of Dorset Street and the Shelburne-South Burlington boundary and proceeding easterly to the junction of the Shelburne-South Burlington-Williston boundaries; then northerly following the Williston-South Burlington boundary to Williston Road; then continuing westerly to the intersection of Hinesburg Road/Patchen Road; then southerly following Hinesburg Road to Woodcrest Street; then westerly on Woodcrest Street; then northerly on Woodcrest Street; then westerly on Woodcrest Street; then southerly on Woodcrest Street to Dean Street; then easterly on Dean Street to Hinesburg Road; then southerly along Hinesburg Road to Interstate 89; then westerly along Interstate 89 to its intersection with Dorset Street; then southerly to Swift Street; then westerly following Swift Street to Spear Street; then southerly along Spear Street to Olivia Drive; then easterly on Olivia Drive to Pinnacle Drive; then northerly on Pinnacle Drive; then easterly on Pinnacle Drive; then southerly on Pinnacle drive; then westerly on Pinnacle Drive; then southerly on Pinnacle Drive to Nowland Farm Road; then westerly to Spear Street; then across Spear Street to Deerfield Drive; then westerly on Deerfield Drive; then southerly on Deerfield Drive to Pheasant Way; then easterly on Pheasant Way to Spear Street; then southerly along Spear Street to Allen Road; then westerly following Allen Road to the intersection of Shelburne Road; then southerly on Shelburne Road to the Shelburne-South Burlington boundary; then easterly on the Shelburne-South Burlington boundary to the point of beginning at Dorset Street and the Shelburne-South Burlington boundary.
The rest of South Burlington is in Chittenden-3-7, Chittenden-3-9, and Chittenden-3-10.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Chittenden-3-8 District had a population of 3,717 in that same census, 8.43% below the state average. It has the fewest residents per representative of any district in Vermont.

## District representative

* Ann D. Pugh, Democrat
# Nathan B. Lattin Farm

The Nathan B. Lattin Farm is a historic farm at 22 Walker Hill Road in Newtown, Connecticut. Founded by early colonial settlers to the area in the 18th century, it remains an example of a rural farm property in an increasingly suburbanized area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## Description and history

The Nathan Lattin Farm is located in a rural setting in southeastern Newtown, on 58 acres (23 ha) of land abutting the Halfway River, the town's border with Monroe. The property is now mostly wooded, and includes a farmhouse, a period icehouse, a 20th-century reproduction of an older barn, and the foundational remnants of other outbuildings. The farmhouse is a three-bay Colonial with a side-gable roof and a large central chimney, and is built on a fieldstone foundation. Its interior follows a typical center chimney plan, with a narrow entry hall, parlors to either side of the chimney, and the kitchen behind it. The chimney houses cooking fireplaces both in the kitchen and the basement; both feature beehive ovens made from stone, a departure from brick which is more usually found in these features. The house lacked modern amenities, including plumbing and electricity, until 1978.
The earliest documented colonial settlers of this area were the Lattins, whose name appear on a property listing in 1767. Construction methodology of the house suggests that it was built about 1750. The house is sited along what was once a major north–south road, and shows evidence of having been altered for use as an inn. The property was farmed by the Lattins until about 1897, when it was sold out of the family and adapted for use as a summer residence.
# Nathan Esek and Sarah Emergene Sutton House

The Nathan Esek and Sarah Emergene Sutton House is a single-family home located at 5145 Pontiac Trail in Northfield Township, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.

## History

In 1822, Benjamin Sutton moved from New Jersey to this location in Michigan with his wife and children, becoming the first European settler in Northfield Township. Other members of his family followed, and the Suttons farmed a number of acres in the area. In 1834, Benjamin Sutton moved to Illinois, selling his Michigan property to his father. The farmstead then passed to Benjamin's uncle George. In 1864, George Sutton's son Nathan Esek married Sarah Emergene Burlingame and purchased 140 acres of land from his father. Around that time, the new couple constructed a two-story brick house that is the core of the current structure.
The Suttons had five children, and the farm was prosperous. In about 1880 they purchased additional acreage, and also constructed an Italianate section in the front of their home. Nathan Esek Sutton died in 1904, and his wife Sarah Emergene Sutton died in 1928. The farm and house passed to their son Daniel, who served as served as Washtenaw County Sherriff. A single story rear addition was constructed in about 1940. Daniel sold the farm in 1942, and the property was subdivided, with the house passing through a series of owners until it was purchased b the present owner, Marian Klopp, in 1985.

## Description

The Nathan Esek and Sarah Emergene Sutton House is made up of three distinct sections: the c.1864 original house, a c.1880 front addition, and a c.1940 rear addition. The original section is a side-gabled, two-story brick structure three bays wide. The front addition is a large two-and-one-half story Italianate structure with a low-pitched hipped roof. The front facade has a small, one-story, hipped-roof porch, beside which is a full-height, projecting, semi-octagonal bay. The windows are tall, narrow one-over-one wood windows set in segmental-arch openings. The rear addition is a single-story frame structure.
# Camp Castle (South Korea)

Camp Castle was a 48.6-acre (197,000 m$^2$), United States Army military installation in Dongducheon, South Korea, and home to elements of the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division. It is adjacent but not connected to the larger Camp Casey. Camp Castle served as home to the 2nd Engineer Battalion (known colloquially as "Two E") from 1972 to 2004 and was home to the 70th Support Battalion, including a maintenance and distribution company, Alpha Company, a maintenance company on adjacent Camp Casey and a headquarters and headquarters company. Camp Castle is currently (2012) in the process of being returned to the ROK (except for one portion, called Camp Castle North). The camp was unique in that it was split by a major Korean thoroughfare. The unit's offices, dining facility, and barracks were situated on the east side of the roadway while the motorpool was on the west side. A pedestrian bridge completed in 2002 connects the two halves to prevent pedestrian traffic on the roadway. The camp is only large enough for one battalion and contains several old buildings to include offices, barracks which are now vacant, officers quarters, and a closed dining facility. It was one of the most forward-stationed US-exclusive bases on the South Korean Peninsula, about 9 mi (14 km) from the DMZ by air. The Area I HazMart (hazardous materials recycling and redistribution facility) is located on Camp Castle North, as is a large warehouse for quarters furniture. The rest of Camp Castle North, including abandoned 300,000-gallon fuel storage tanks, was slated for turnover in 2013. It was returned to the South Korean government in 2015. Camp Castle East and West is being converted to a local college campus.
# Nathan and Clarissa Green House

Nathan and Clarissa Green House is a historic home located at Oswego in Oswego County, New York. It is a two-story wood-frame residence with a gabled, three-bay facade and side entrance, built about 1849 with Greek Revival details. It was built by Nathan Green, an African American and fugitive slave, who purchased the lot from Gerrit Smith. It is located next to the John and Harriet McKenzie House.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# Nathan and Susannah Harris House

The Nathan and Susannah Harris House is a historic home located at Harrisville, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is a large two stories high, four bays wide by two rooms deep, stone dwelling constructed in 1798. The house is representative of the expansion during the 18th century of the Quaker community called the Nottingham Lots.
The Nathan and Susannah Harris House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Nathaniel Bishop Collins House

Nathaniel Bishop Collins House is a historic home located at Berkshire in Tioga County, New York. It is a two-story, five-bay center hall, Federal style house built of brick above a stone foundation. The house was built about 1830. Also on the property is a contributing mid-19th-century carriage barn, a lean-to shed, and an early 20th-century chicken house.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Nathaniel Butterworth House

The Nathaniel Butterworth House is a historic residence located north of Andrew, Iowa, United States. It is one of over 217 limestone structures in Jackson County from the mid-19th century, of which 101 are houses. The Butterworth house features a five bay symmetrical facade capped by a gable roof. The stones, which were said to have been quarried on this farm, are of various sizes and shapes and are laid in courses. Unlike many of the stone houses in Jackson County, the Butterworth house makes use of Classical entablature and pilasters around the transom and the sidelights of the main entry. The double end chimneys are found on only two other stone houses in the county.
Nathaniel Butterworth was one of the first settlers in the Andrew area, arriving in 1838. He built a log house on this property in 1845. It was located on the territorial road between Dubuque and Davenport. Stage coaches would stop at the log house and at this stone house, which was built in 1852. Called the Butterworth Inn, it also served as a post office. Ansel Briggs, who would become Iowa's first governor, would stop here while working as a stagecoach driver. He also lived here from 1866 to 1871. After 1891 this stone structure has been used only as a private residence, and it has remained in the Butterworth family. The log house and a fame barn from the 1840s survived into the 1960s. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 and currently is a private residence.
# Nathaniel Friend House

Nathaniel Friend House is a historic home located at Petersburg, Virginia. It was built in 1815–1816, and is a 3+1⁄2-story, six-bay, Federal style brick commercial / residential building. It has a rear ell that may incorporate the original kitchen and smokehouse. The house was built by the wealthy import-export merchant, Nathaniel Friend, Jr., who also served as the mayor of Petersburg in 1812–13.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Petersburg Old Town Historic District.