OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victor L. Tomseth

Victor L. Tomseth (born April 14, 1941) is a former American diplomat and U.S. Ambassador (1993–1996) to Laos. He was Deputy Chief of Mission in Tehran, Iran and was among the Americans taken hostage by the Iranians from 1979 to 1981.

## Early life and education

Tomseth was born in Eugene, Oregon, the son of Hersey F. and Lyla I. (Currant) Tomseth. He is married to Wallapa Charoenrath, born in Thailand, and the couple have two children. He graduated from the University of Oregon in 1963 with a bachelor's degree in history and received a master's degree in history from the University of Michigan in 1966. He also attended Cornell University in 1973. Tomseth was a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal in 1964–1965.

## Department of State

Tomseth was employed by the U.S. Department of State from 1966 until 1996. He served abroad in Thailand, Iran, Sri Lanka, and Laos. He was appointed U.S. Ambassador to Laos in November 1993 and served until August 1996.

## Hostage of the Iranians

Tomseth served as American Consul in Shiraz, Iran from 1976 to 1979 and was Deputy Chief of Mission of the U.S. Embassy in Iran when the American employees of the Embassy were taken hostage by Iranian students on November 4, 1979. Tomseth, Ambassador Bruce Laingen, and Security Officer Mike Howland were at the Iranian Foreign Ministry when the students stormed the Embassy. They were held under house arrest in the Foreign Ministry for the duration of the crisis. At first they were treated as diplomats and were able to have some contact with Washington and the outside world. Later, their treatment deteriorated and they were locked in their living spaces.
During the early days of their incarceration, Tomseth talked on the telephone to his Thai cook in Tehran, Somchai Sriweawnetr. Speaking Thai, which his Iranian captors did not understand, Tomseth requested that Somchai hide five Americans who had escaped the Embassy. Somchai arranged for the Americans to be sheltered in the Canadian Embassy and in what was called the Canadian Caper the five plus one additional American diplomat were helped by the Canadians to escape the country on January 27, 1980. This incident was later dramatized in the movie Argo.

## Later career

Tomseth retired from the Department of State in September 1996. From 1998 to 2000 he was employed with the rank of Ambassador by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe serving as Deputy Head of Mission for Croatia and the Chief of a Task Force for Rapid Expert Assistance and Cooperation Teams (REACT). In 2001 he became an independent consultant contracted by Booz Allen Hamilton to participate in military exercises with the United States Pacific Command headquarters.
# Jayden Goodwin

Jayden Goodwin (born 13 December 2001) is an Australian cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 10 November 2021, for Western Australia in the 2021–22 Sheffield Shield season.
His father, Murray, played Test cricket for Zimbabwe.
After playing for Western Australia at age division levels, Goodwin decided to take a two year break from cricket in 2019 to fulfill his Mormon Mission in Zimbabwe. However he returned to Australia in 2020 due to the travel restrictions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, and made his first-class debut the following year. He replaced Sam Whiteman in the squad, who was ruled out due to delayed onset concussion.
# Elpida Hadjidaki

Elpida Hadjidaki or Chatzidaki (Greek: Ελπίδα Χατζηδάκη) is a Greek marine archaeologist specializing in ancient shipwrecks and harbor towns. She grew up in coastal Chania and was interested in maritime history from an early age. Hadjidaki learned to dive shortly after finishing high school. She has investigated multiple archaeological sites, including the Peristera shipwreck, a Minoan shipwreck near Pseira, and the ancient harbor town of Phalasarna.
She was friends with Honor Frost, a now deceased diver and underwater archaeologist.

## Archaeological work

Beginning in 1986, Elpida Hadjidaki and her crew began exploring Phalasarna, an ancient harbor town. Phalasarna may have participated in piracy in the Hellenistic period. Hadjidaki excavated multiple towers, fortification walls, commercial buildings, quays, a slipway and a cistern in the town, finding shards of amphorae, weapons, and pottery.
Phalasarna was a heavily fortified, independent town which minted its own coins.
In 1992, Hadjidaki led a team of archaeologists to explore the Peristera shipwreck, found off an islet near Alonnisos. While she didn't discover the wreck—a local fisherman did—her team was the first to fully examine it.
Hadjidaki and her coworkers found over a thousand amphorae lying unburied on the seafloor at the site of the wreck, with many fine ceramics beneath them. The ship had been carrying wine to sell. The wreck has been dated to between 420 and 400 BCE during Greece's Classical period.
The Peristera shipwreck is now an underwater museum. Hadjidaki is happy that the archaeological site is open to the public, and claims to have suggested this very idea shortly after the shipwreck was discovered.
Hadjidaki searched for and explored a Minoan wreck off Pseira starting in 2003. A trading ship sank near the shore between 1725 and 1700 BCE. While the wooden ship itself hasn't been preserved, Hadjidaki and her team found a number of other artifacts: amphorae for transport of liquids, jugs, cooking equipment, cups, and fishing weights.

## Writing

Elpida Hadjidaki has written two books:
* The Classical and Hellenistic Harbor at Phalasarna: A Pirate's Port? (1988)
* The Minoan Shipwreck at Pseira, Crete (2021)
She has contributed chapters or sections to further books:
* Crete beyond the Palaces (2004) - Chapter 4: "A Possible Minoan Harbor on South Crete"
* Digital Cultural Heritage (2019) - "Quasi–Mixed Reality in Digital Cultural Heritage. Combining 3D Reconstructions with Real Structures on Location—The Case of Ancient Phalasarna" with Gunnar Liestøl
* In the Footsteps of Honor Frost. The life and legacy of a pioneer in maritime archaeology (2019) - "Three Decades of Adventures with Honor Frost in Crete"
She's also contributed to multiple journals, including:
* The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration (1985)
* American Journal of Archaeology (1988)
* Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1990)
* Bulletin de correspondance hellénique (1996)
# Gutorm Gjessing

Gutorm Gjessing (4 April 1906 – 27 April 1979) was a Norwegian archaeologist and ethnographer. He was director of the Ethnographic Museum at the University of Oslo and as major contributor to Circumpolar studies.

## Biography

Gjessing was born at Ålesund in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. He was the son of parish priest Marcus Jacob Gjessing (1871–1947) and Julie Kathrine Monrad (1877–1951).
Gjessing studied art at Oslo Cathedral School in 1924. He attended the University of Oslo where he received his Master's degree in archeology in 1931 and defended his doctoral dissertation in 1934. From 1936 to 1940 he was employed as a curator in archeology at Tromsø Museum and was curator in archeology at the university's Antiquities Collection from 1940 to 1946. In the period 1947–1973, he worked as a director of the Ethnographic Museum (now Museum of Cultural History, Oslo) at the University of Oslo.
During 1946–1947, he was in the United States as a Rockefeller Fellow. In 1952, Gjessing was invited as a guest lecturer at the London School of Economics. He was an honorary member of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. He was awarded the Fridtjof Nansen Prize for Outstanding Research and the Qvigstad Medal.

## Selected works

* Trænfunnene (1943)
* Yngre steinalder i Nord-Norge (1942)
* Norges steinalder (1945)
# Roger Terry

Lt. Roger "Bill" Terry (August 13, 1921 – June 11, 2009) from Los Angeles, California was one of the Tuskegee Airmen. He served in the U.S. Army Air Corps in World War II. He was dishonorably discharged after the Freeman Field Mutiny.

## Early life

Terry was from Los Angeles, California. Terry graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles where his roommate was the baseball player Jackie Robinson. Both Terry and Jackie Robinson would go on to be court-martialed for resisting segregation in the U.S. Armed forces.

## Career

Terry joined the Tuskegee Airmen after graduating from UCLA in 1941. In February 1945 he graduated flight school and had the rank of 2nd Lieutenant. The Whites only officer's club was much better than the one afforded to the black officers. Terry and over 100 black officers were determined to integrate the white officer's club. A man who would go on to become Detroit's first black mayor Lt. Coleman Young was also one of protestors.

### Freeman Field Mutiny

At Freeman Field in 1945, a large number of the Tuskegee Airmen attempted to integrate the all white officer's club. The black pilots were arrested and charged with insubordination. Terry was arrested for "jostling" one officer in the incident which later became known as the Freeman Field Mutiny.
Terry was charged with insubordination and also charged with getting physical with a white officer. The insubordination charge was not upheld, but he was convicted of getting physical with a white officer. His punishment was a $150 fine and a reduction in rank, and he was dishonorably discharged.
In 1995 the assistant secretary of the Air Force, Rodney Coleman removed disciplinary letters from the files of the Tuskegee airmen. He also removed Terry's court martial and dishonorable discharge and restored his rights and privileges.
Terry was said to have been proud of his behavior in the mutiny and subsequent court-martial.

### After service

Terry earned a law degree and worked for the District Attorney of Los Angeles, California. He was active in Tuskegee Airmen causes and was also an advisor on the film Red Tails. In Los Angeles, Stanford Ave & E 28th St was named Roger Terry Square in his honor.

## Awards

* Congressional Gold Medal awarded to the Tuskegee Airmen in 2006

## Death

Terry died of heart failure on June 11, 2009. He was 87. He is buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.
# Abhar Castle

Abhar castle (Persian: قلعه ابهر) is a historical castle located in Abhar County in Zanjan Province, Iran. It was built after the Islamic conquest of Iran.
# Maddie Mastro

Maddie Mastro (born February 22, 2000) is an American professional snowboarder, specializing in half pipe. She won a bronze medal in the superpipe competition at the 2018 X Games in Aspen. Mastro was named to the US Team for the 2018 Winter Olympics, placing 12th.
In 2019, she won the Burton US Open Snowboarding Championships, and during that competition, she landed the first double crippler 900 in women's snowboarding competition.
In her second Olympics in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics women's halfpipe, Mastro placed thirteenth, the second highest American, just missing qualifying for the final round (top twelve qualify).
On January 18, 2025 at the Laax Open, Mastro became one of the first two women to land a double cork 1080 in a snowboard halfpipe competition, landing a frontside double cork 1080 after Chloe Kim landed a cab double cork 1080 earlier that day.
# Windfields

Windfields (1943–1971) was a Canadian Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse who was the first stakes race winner bred by E. P. Taylor and for whom he named his world-famous Windfields Farm in Oshawa, Ontario.
Out of the mare Nandi, for whom the Nandi Stakes at Woodbine Racetrack is named, Windfields was sired by Bunty Lawless, who in 1951 was voted Canada's "Horse of the Half-Century."
Trained by Bert Alexandra, as a two-year-old in 1945, Windfields won his first start by six lengths, then won the five furlong Victoria Stakes in a time of 0:59.00, breaking Faireno's track record at Old Woodbine Racetrack by 3/5 of a second. The colt followed this win with another track record in the Rosedale Purse but then suffered a knee injury that kept him out of racing.
Ineligible for Canada's most prestigious race, the Kings Plate for three-year-olds, in September 1946 the three-year-old Windfields defeated Plate winner Kingarvie by five lengths in the 1946 Breeders' Stakes. Scratched from the 1946 Belmont Stakes, Windfields won his third straight race, and second in a row at Aqueduct Racetrack, with a win in the mile and one-eighth Gravesend Purse.
Although never a great racehorse, Windfields competed through age six, notably defeating the great Australian runner Shannon to win a Stakes race on January 25, 1948, at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.

## As a sire

Retired to stud duty, Windfields made his real contribution to racing as a stallion. He sired fifteen stakes winners, including 1956 Canadian Triple Crown winner and Hall of Fame inductee Canadian Champ. Through his daughter Victoriana, who produced seven winners, Windfields was the damsire of the good filly Northern Queen, and Canadian Horse of the Year and Hall of Fame inductee Victoria Park. Through another daughter, Windfields was the damsire of Cool Reception, the 1996 Canadian Champion 2-Year-Old Colt and a Hall of Fame inductee.
Windfields died in 1971 at age twenty-eight and was buried in the equine cemetery at Windfields Farm in Oshawa, Ontario.

## Sire line tree

* Windfields
** Canadian Champ
*** Canebora
*** Titled Hero

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Windfields, bay stallion, 1943 :
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Ladder | Ladkin | Fair Play |
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Ladder | Ladkin | Lading |
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Ladder | Panoply | Peter Pan |
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Ladder | Panoply | Inaugural |
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Mintwina | Mint Briar | Assagai |
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Mintwina | Mint Briar | Sweet Briar |
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Mintwina | Edwina | Celt |
| Sire Bunty Lawless | Mintwina | Edwina | Lady Godiva |
| Dam Nandi | Stimulus | Ultimus | Commando |
| Dam Nandi | Stimulus | Ultimus | Running Stream |
| Dam Nandi | Stimulus | Hurakan | Uncle |
| Dam Nandi | Stimulus | Hurakan | The Hoyden |
| Dam Nandi | Golden Feast | Golden Sun | Sundridge |
| Dam Nandi | Golden Feast | Golden Sun | Golden Lassie |
| Dam Nandi | Golden Feast | Mi-Careme | Desmond |
| Dam Nandi | Golden Feast | Mi-Careme | Carim (family: 11-c) |
# Kaduna River

The Kaduna River is a tributary of the Niger River which flows for 550 kilometres (340 mi) through Nigeria. It got its name from the crocodiles that lived in the river and surrounding area. Kaduna in the native dialect, Hausa, was the word for "crocodiles". It starts in Plateau State on the Jos Plateau 29 kilometres (18 mi) southwest of Jos town, flows through its namesake Kaduna State and through its capital Kaduna, and meets the Niger River in Niger State. Most of its course passes through open savanna woodland, but its lower section has cut several gorges above its entrance into the extensive Niger floodplains. The river is used for fishing and transport of local produce.

## Pollution

Urban and industrial wastes have been linked to elevated temperatures and heavy metal concentrations in the River Kaduna (Arah, 1985). Untreated industrial wastes that are carelessly dumped directly or indirectly into River Kaduna's inflow wastewaters have been determined to be a source of pollution.

## Flooding

Due to recurring floods in Kaduna, the federal government established a flood control project. In 2022, flooding from the Kaduna river caused significant property damage to the surrounding area. In November 2022, two teenagers identified as Zakaria Aliyu Yahaya and Yusuf Abdullahi, aged 17 and 16 of the Government Secondary School in Zaria, reportedly drowned while swimming in the Kogin Mutuwa in Kaduna.

## Climate

Yearly temperature in Kaduna is 25.2 °C | 77.4 °F. Around 998 mm | 39.3 inch of precipitation falls every year. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 55 °F to 95 °F and is rarely below 50 °F or above 102 °F. Because of its nearness to the equator.
The wet season is warm, oppressive, and overcast and the dry season is hot and partly cloudy. It is very difficult to portray summers in Kaduna definitively. The time of January, February, Walk, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December is generally viewed as the best season for Holiday visitation or visits.
# Kate Heinzelman

Kate Elizabeth Heinzelman is an American attorney who served as the general counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency from 2022 to 2025. She was nominated by President Joe Biden to the position and was confirmed by the Senate on July 14, 2022.

## Education

Heinzelman earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School.

## Career

From 2009 to 2010, Heinzelman served as a law clerk for Judge Merrick Garland of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. She later clerked for Chief Justice John Roberts at the Supreme Court of the United States.
From 2012 to 2013, she served as counsel in the United States Department of Justice National Security Division. From 2013 to 2015, she served as Associate White House counsel and assistant to President Barack Obama. From 2015 to 2017, she served as deputy general counsel of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. After the end of the Obama administration, in 2017, Heinzelman joined Sidley Austin as counsel before becoming a partner in 2020.
President Joe Biden announced his nomination of Heinzelman on March 8, 2022 for the position of General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency. The United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence held its open hearing for her nomination on April 6, 2022. On May 10, 2022 the Committee held its closed meeting on the nomination, with chairman Senator Mark Warner favorably reporting the nomination and passing it on to the full Senate. Committee Vice Chair Senator Marco Rubio opposed confirmation. On July 14, 2022, the United States Senate confirmed her nomination by a 50–41 vote.
# Cuchillos de fuego

Cuchillos de fuego is a Venezuelan film released in 1990. It was directed by Román Chalbaud based on his theatre play Todo bicho de uña, where a young man, David, seeks revenge on his mother's rapist and murderer. In the film, which is styled like a Western, a stop-motion animated children's drawing of the young David crying over his mother's body is used to tell parts of the story. After searching through the Andes for ten years, he kills several Apaches for his revenge.
In its theatrical release it was viewed by 367,652 people.

## Production

The film stars Miguel Ángel Landa, who also produced it, as well as Marisela Berti, Javier Zapata, Charles Barri, Natalia Martínez, Gabriel Fernández, Dora Mazzone, Jonathan Montenegro, Gabriel Martínez, and Raúl Medina.
Despite being a Spanish co-production, it was not released in Spain.

## Response

The film has been praised for its mix of diverse themes, like melodrama and fantasy. However, its use of Freudian references was seen as simple, with the film overall described as "somewhat indigestible".
It has been assessed as thematically aligned with Chalbaud's other films, despite being a different genre. In this respect, it features "mirage-like memories" of David's mother;$^{:46}$ masks and costumes used to show illusion and performance of characters thematically;$^{:46-47}$ pop music in the background used to layer simple meaning;$^{:47}$ the religious name (David) for its protagonist;$^{:48}$ and the use of myths, specifically the "fairytale of the abandoned child".$^{:52}$
# Dafna Hochman Rand

Dafna Hochman Rand is an American political scientist and diplomat. She had served as U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.

## Early life and education

Rand graduated from Lexington High School (Massachusetts) in 1996. She received her BA from Harvard University and her PhD in political science from Columbia University.

## Career

Early in her career, Rand worked at Seeds of Peace International Camp in Maine and the Center for Jewish-Arab Economic Development in Herzliyah, Israel.
Rand served as the foreign policy advisor to US senator Frank Lautenberg from 2002 to 2004.
She served as deputy assistant secretary in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor at the US Department of State from 2015 until 2017.
She was the vice president of policy and research at Mercy Corps, a non-governmental organization, from 2017 to 2021.
Rand was director of the Office of Foreign Assistance at the State Department from June 21, 2021, to May 12, 2023.
She was confirmed as U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor on August 1, 2024.

## Publications

* Roots of the Arab Spring: Contested Authority and Political Change in the Middle East. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2013. ISBN 9780812245301.
* Re-Engaging the Middle East: A New Vision for U.S. Policy. Brookings Institution Press. 2020. ISBN 9780815737407.
# 2000 Trinidad and Tobago general election

General elections were held in Trinidad and Tobago on 11 December 2000. The result was a victory for the United National Congress, which won 19 of the 36 seats. Voter turnout was 63%.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | United National Congress | 307,791 | 51.74 | 19 | +2 |
| | People's National Movement | 276,334 | 46.45 | 16 | –1 |
| | National Alliance for Reconstruction | 7,409 | 1.25 | 1 | –1 |
| | People's Empowerment Party | 2,071 | 0.35 | 0 | New |
| | The Mercy Society | 142 | 0.02 | 0 | New |
| | Independents | 1,128 | 0.19 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 594,875 | 100.00 | 36 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 594,875 | 99.56 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 2,650 | 0.44 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 597,525 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 947,689 | 63.05 | | |
| Source: EBCTT, Nohlen ||||||