# Chaman

Chaman (Pashto and Urdu: چمن) is the capital city of the Chaman District in Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The city is situated south of the Wesh–Chaman border crossing with the neighbouring Kandahar province of Afghanistan.

## Etymology

The name Chaman is thought to be derived from garden in Urdu. There is little verifiable evidence to a singular and apparently unfounded claim that the name partly derived from that of a Hindu trader in the city before the partition, as the area was known as Chaman much before this period.

## History

Chaman has been used by NATO forces as a major supply route into Afghanistan since 2000.
Thousands of Afghan refugees enter Pakistan via the Chaman route on a regular basis.
Bombings occurred in 2017, 2020 Chaman bombing, and 2021.
In December 2022, the Afghan Taliban forces launched indiscriminate fire at the Chaman border, twice in a week and caused civilian casualties on the Pakistani side.
In October 2023, the border crossing process was made more stringent, requiring a passport and visa, whereas previously only requiring a national identification card, to cross from Pakistan to Afghanistan. This has resulted in protests in the city.

## Climate

With an influence from the local steppe climate, Chaman features a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The average annual temperature in Chaman is 19.0 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 232 mm. June is the driest month with virtually no rain rainfall, while January is the wettest month, with an average 65 mm of precipitation.
July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 31.0 °C. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 6.4 °C.
Climate data for Chaman :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 27.3 (81.1) | 33.8 (92.8) | 38.7 (101.7) | 39.3 (102.7) | 38.5 (101.3) | 35.2 (95.4) | 29.2 (84.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 16.8 (62.2) | 27.5 (81.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) | 9.0 (48.2) | 13.8 (56.8) | 19.5 (67.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 18.9 (66.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 8.5 (47.3) | 19.0 (66.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | 2.1 (35.8) | 6.5 (43.7) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 22.7 (72.9) | 20.7 (69.3) | 14.7 (58.5) | 8.7 (47.7) | 3.6 (38.5) | 0.3 (32.5) | 10.5 (50.9) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

After the capital Quetta, Chaman is Balochistan's fifth-largest city according to the 2017 Pakistani census. The city is located at the Pashtun majority northern part of Balochistan.
Religious groups in Chaman City (1941 & 2017) :
| Religious group | 1941$^{:13–14}$ | 1941$^{:13–14}$ | 2017 | 2017 |
| Religious group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Hinduism | 2,898 | 43.58% | 379 | 0.31% |
| Islam | 2,812 | 42.29% | 122,263 | 99.23% |
| Sikhism | 697 | 10.48% | — | — |
| Christianity | 242 | 3.64% | 515 | 0.42% |
| Jainism | 1 | 0.02% | — | — |
| Ahmadiyya | — | — | 49 | 0.04% |
| Total population | 6,650 | 100% | 123,206 | 100% |

## Transport

Chaman has a railway station which accommodates services with Kandahar as well as other parts of Afghanistan. A slow passenger train runs between Chaman and Quetta daily. In 2008, it was proposed to extend this railway to Central Asia through Afghanistan. Chaman is on the Silk Road on the eastern side.

## Trade

The town is an important trade point in the Balochistan region, providing a gateway on the trade routes between Afghanistan and Karachi. It underwent development during the martial law period of 1977 - 1985. People of the city import many things like cars, motor bikes and motor rickshaws. Besides, they import Japanese, Chinese and UAE phones, cosmetics, perfumes, and many other consumer goods from Afghanistan to Pakistan.

## Sports

Football is the most popular sport in the city, which have produced notable footballers for the Pakistan national football team including Muhammad Essa, Kaleemullah, Mehmood Khan, Jadid Khan Pathan, and Fareed Ullah.
The Chaman Derby between popular clubs Afghan Chaman and Muslim FC, share intense rivalry which have managed to command the highest crowds in Pakistani domestic football.

## Notable people

* Muhammad Essa, footballer
* Kaleemullah Khan, footballer
* Mehmood Khan, footballer
* Jadid Khan Pathan, footballer
* Fareed Ullah, footballer
* Asghar Khan Achakzai, President of the Awami National Party
* Mohammad Asghar (cricketer)