OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Portuguese bowline

The Portuguese bowline (Portuguese: Nó volta do calafate), also known as the Bowline on a coil, Caulker's bowline, or Lisbon surprise, is a variant of the bowline with two loops. The two loops are adjustable in size. Rope can be pulled from one loop into the other, even after tightening. Among other applications, the knot can be used as an equalising anchor, a litter bridle or a makeshift Bosun's chair. It is often regarded as one of the more important bowline variations.

## Name

It is sometimes known as the French bowline, not to be confused with the separate French bowline, thanks to its description under that name in the 1922 book Standard Seamanship for the Merchant Service by Felix Riesenberg, as Riesenberg had been taught the knot by a French sailor in the voyage he described in Under Sail. The traditional name of this knot is Portuguese bowline.

## Tying

It is tied in a way that is similar to regular bowlines.
* Click on a picture to see its full-size version.
* Make an overhand loop (loop with the working end on top).
* Put the working end through the loop.
* Put it through again. From here, the steps are the same as the regular bowline.
* Put it around the standing end and back through the loop.

## Variants

The knot is often tied in the bight by sailors, rescuers, and others. ABoK #1083, earlier depicted by Hjalmar Öhrvall, is an example of a Portuguese bowline on a bight.
Other times it is tied with a follow through, that is, the knot is retraced.
A No-twist variant is sometimes tied for specific applications. Other variants involve method of tying.

## Uses

Among arborists, in rescue, and other vertical professions, it is frequently used alongside knots like the equalising eight in two-point anchors.
It originated as a sailing knot and is still frequently used in sailing. Its most common application in sailing was to substitute for a Bosun's chair, but at the risk of suspension trauma. It is still used to tow boats. Similar horizontal load applications exist beyond sailing.
It is used in search and rescue both to form a litter tag. and in some cases the litter bridle itself.
It can be used to make a hanging bike rack.

## Strength

In a 2019 slop pull test, the Portuguese bowline on a bight with Yosemite finish failed on an 11 mm high tenacity polyester rope at a minimum of 36.9 kN when it was pulled from its anchors into a forward facing bight, and on an 8 mm nylon cord at a minimum of 9.6 kN (only 9.1 kN without the Yosemite finish).
# SSHFS

SSHFS (SSH Filesystem) is a filesystem client to mount and interact with directories and files located on a remote server or workstation over a normal ssh connection. The client interacts with the remote file system via the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), a network protocol providing file access, file transfer, and file management functionality over any reliable data stream that was designed as an extension of the Secure Shell protocol (SSH) version 2.0.
The current implementation of SSHFS using FUSE is a rewrite of an earlier version. The rewrite was done by Miklos Szeredi, who also wrote FUSE.

## Features

SFTP provides secure file transfer from a remote file system. While SFTP clients can transfer files and directories, they cannot mount the server's file system into the local directory tree. Using SSHFS, a remote file system may be treated in the same way as other volumes (such as hard drives or removable media).
Using the Unix command ls with sshfs will sometimes not list the owner of a file correctly, although it is possible to map them manually.
For distributed remote file systems with multiple users, protocols such as Apple Filing Protocol, Network File System and Server Message Block are more often used. SSHFS is an alternative to those protocols only in situations where users are confident that files and directories will not be targeted for writing by another user, at the same time.
The advantage of SSHFS when compared to other network file system protocols is that, given that a user already has SSH access to a host, it does not require any additional configuration work, or the opening of additional entry ports in a firewall.
# Michel Pietracupa

Michel Pietracupa (born 12 July 1959) is a Canadian weightlifter. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Xanthoparmelia joranadia

Xanthoparmelia joranadia is a lichen which belongs to the Xanthoparmelia genus. The lichen is rare and is listed as imperiled by the Nature Conservatory. It is noted for being similar to Xanthoparmelia arida and Xanthoparmelia lecanorica.

## Description

It grows to around 3–8 cm in diameter with shiny light yellow-green subirregular lobes that extend 1–2.5 mm wide. It has cylindrical isidia on the upper surface. The lower surface is pale brown. Xanthoparmelia joranadia is a member of the Xanthoparmelia mexicana group, a complex of similar species that differ mainly in their secondary chemistry.

## Habitat and range

Found in the North American southwest with a majority of observations occurring in north Mexico and the US state of New Mexico.

## Chemistry

Xanthoparmelia joranadia contains lecanoric and usnic acids.
# WJEH (AM)

WJEH (990 AM) was a radio station licensed to Gallipolis, Ohio. Last owned by Thomas Susman, through licensee Vandalia Media Partners 2, LLC, it broadcast a Christian music format dedicated to the Southern gospel.

## History

The station was originally licensed on July 3, 1950 with the call sign WJEH. The station changed its call sign to WGTR on June 4, 1990, and back to WJEH on June 30, 1990.
Its license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on May 20, 2021.
# Red River Co-op

Red River Cooperative Limited, branded as Red River Co-op, is a retail cooperative. A member of Federated Co-operatives, it operates in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

## Operations

As of 2022, it operates nine Red River Co-op supermarkets, including five in Winnipeg and one each in Gimli, Stonewall, Lorette, and Selkirk. It also operates gas bars and convenience stores throughout the Winnipeg Metropolitan Region and surrounding areas, as well as Northwestern Ontario.

## History

In 1948 Red River Co-op opened their first food stores in Winnipeg.
In 1983, due to poor financial performance they ceased food store operations; they shifted focus on their gas bar operations.
In 2014, when Sobeys acquired Safeway, they were forced to sell 23 locations by the federal Competition Bureau. Federated Co-operatives acquired four locations in Winnipeg and transferred ownership to Red River Co-op. This marked the resumption of food store operations.
# SONiC (operating system)

The Software for Open Networking in the Cloud or alternatively abbreviated and stylized as SONiC, is a free and open source network operating system based on Linux. It was originally developed by Microsoft and the Open Compute Project. In 2022, Microsoft ceded oversight of the project to the Linux Foundation, who will continue to work with the Open Compute Project for continued ecosystem and developer growth. SONiC includes the networking software components necessary for a fully functional L3 device and was designed to meet the requirements of a cloud data center. It allows cloud operators to share the same software stack across hardware from different switch vendors and works on over 100 different platforms. There are multiple companies offering enterprise service and support for SONiC.

## Overview

SONiC was developed and open sourced by Microsoft in 2016. The software decouples network software from the underlying hardware and is built on the Switch Abstraction Interface API. It runs on network switches and ASICs from multiple vendors. Notable supported network features include Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), remote direct memory access (RDMA), QoS, and various other Ethernet/IP technologies. Much of the protocol support is provided through inclusion of the FRRouting suite of routing daemons.
The SONiC community includes cloud providers, service providers, and silicon and component suppliers, as well as networking hardware OEMs and ODMs. It has more than 850 members.
The source code is licensed under a mix of open source licenses including the GNU General Public License and the Apache License, and is available on GitHub.
# Dick Horn

Richard Henry Horn (March 18, 1930 – October 22, 2022) was a professional American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played one season with the Baltimore Colts in 1958.
Horn played safety and was the backup quarterback for Stanford. He completed Stanford Medical School in 1959.
Horn died on October 22, 2022, at the age of 92.
# Palm Sunday Massacre

Palm Sunday Massacre may refer to:
* Palm Sunday massacre (homicide), a 1984 multiple homicide in Brooklyn, New York
* Battle of Palm Sunday or Massacre of Palm Sunday, a 1429 Scottish clan battle
* Palm Sunday Massacre, a 1943 World War II battle as part of Operation Flax
* Palm Sunday church bombings, twin church bombings in Egypt on April 9, 2017
# Association to Save Yugra

The Association to Save Yugra (or Save Yugra, Russian: Спасение Югры, Spaseniye Yugry) is an Indigenous-rights organisation of the nomadic Khanty, Mansi and Nenets peoples of Western Siberia. The organisation was founded in 1989 to protect their traditional lands against extractive industries such as oil, gas, and logging. The organisation held its first congress in August 1989, and took a stance opposing logging in their forests.
The organisation is named for Yugra, the traditional homeland of the Uralic peoples, in what is now Northern Russia.
# Goodwood, Western Cape

Goodwood is a suburb of Cape Town in the Western Cape, South Africa and is situated in the Tygerberg region of the City of Cape Town. It is 10 kilometres from Cape Town and accessible from the N1, N7 and N2 highways.
The town was established in 1905 and named after Goodwood Racecourse in England as the founders intended to make it a racing centre. A course was actually constructed, but after only one meeting it was abandoned.
The first railway station was built in 1905, and today there are five within the municipal area. Three of them lie on the Cape Town-Johannesburg main line: Goodwood, Vasco and Elsies River. It also has Monte Vista and Acasia Park stations which are on the secondary line between Cape Town and Bellville.

## Schools

* Koos Sadie Primary School, a dual medium coeducational primary school.
* Goodwood Park, a dual-medium coeducational primary school
* De Vrijzee Primary School, a dual medium coeducational primary school.
* JG Meiring High School, an English-medium coeducational high school, this school is now built on the spot where the racecourse was built
* Fairbairn College, an English-medium coeducational high school
* Hoërskool President, a dual-medium coeducational high school

## Coat of arms

Goodwood was a municipality in its own right from 1938 to 1996. In 1939, the council adopted a pseudo-heraldic "coat of arms" depicting an aeroplane, an ox-wagon, and a horse jumping over a fence. It replaced this device with a proper coat of arms, designed by Ivan Mitford-Barberton, in 1958. The council registered the arms with the Cape Provincial Administration in May 1959 and at the Bureau of Heraldry in August 1993.
The arms were : Argent, on a fess Gules, between in chief four trees with six leaves each and in base three pallets, Sable, the central pallet surmounted by a cogwheel counterchanged, a leopard passant, Argent and Sable. In layman's terms : a silver shield displaying, from top to bottom, a row of four black trees with six leaves each, a red horizontal stripe displaying a leopard, and three black vertical stripes with a cogwheel on the centre stripe.
The crest was a palamino unicorn issuing from a golden mural crown and holding a red disc between its forelegs, and the motto was Procedo.
# Togiak Bay

Togiak Bay is an 18-mile-long (29-kilometer) bay in the U.S. state of Alaska. It extends southwest from the Togiak River to Hagemeister Island and east 25 miles (40 km) from Tongue Point to the mouth of the Negukthlik River.

## History

During the 1930s, Togiak Bay was identified by miners from Goodnews Bay as an area possibly containing ores. More than 3,000 claims had apparently been made there by September 1937.
During the 1990s, the bay had the richest herring fishery in Alaska. It was open to the public for fishing.
# DIN 5009

The German national standard DIN 5009 “Word and information processing for office applications — Announcing and dictating of text and characters” by Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) provides rules for the spoken announcement of texts to be written afterwards. In addition to the classic phono dictation, it specifically supports oral communication about names and texts that have to be written down correctly (e.g. on the telephone).
It also specifies German names for numerous script and special characters, which are important not only for oral communication but also for written teaching material. These are mostly listed in a supplement which was published together with the 2022 edition of the standard.
The standard contains the German spelling alphabet. As the former version was criticized for the changes made by the Nazis in 1934, who purged all names which sound “Jewish”, and as these were restored only partially in the 1950 version, in 2019 the responsible DIN committee decided to create a new spelling alphabet consisting mainly of city names instead of person names, which has been published in the 2022 version of the standard.

## Table

| Letter | Code word (1983) | Code word (2022) |
| A | Anton | Aachen |
| Ä | Ärger | Umlaut Aachen |
| B | Berta | Berlin |
| C | Cäsar | Chemnitz |
| Ch | Charlotte | - |
| D | Dora | Düsseldorf |
| E | Emil | Essen |
| F | Friedrich | Frankfurt |
| G | Gustav | Goslar |
| H | Heinrich | Hamburg |
| I | Ida | Ingelheim |
| J | Julius | Jena |
| K | Kaufmann | Köln |
| L | Ludwig | Leipzig |
| M | Martha | München |
| N | Nordpol | Nürnberg |
| O | Otto | Offenbach |
| Ö | Ökonom | Umlaut Offenbach |
| P | Paula | Potsdam |
| Q | Quelle | Quickborn |
| R | Richard | Rostock |
| S | Samuel | Salzwedel |
| Sch | Schule | - |
| ẞ | Eszett | Eszett |
| T | Theodor | Tübingen |
| U | Ulrich | Unna |
| Ü | Übermut | Umlaut Unna |
| V | Viktor | Völklingen |
| W | Wilhelm | Wuppertal |
| X | Xanthippe | Xanten |
| Y | Ypsilon | Ypsilon |
| Z | Zacharias | Zwickau |

## Revisions

* DIN 5009:1983-06
* DIN 5009:1996-12
* DIN 5009:2022-06
# Som Parkash

Som Parkash (born 3 April 1949) is a politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the Union Minister of State for Commerce and Industry, Government of India. Parkash was a Member of Parliament from Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha Constituency and a former Member of Legislative Assembly from Phagwara. He is also a former Deputy Commissioner of Jalandhar and former Indian Administrative Service career officer of 1988 batch in the Punjab cadre.

## Early life and education

Som Parkash was born on 3 April 1949, in Daulatpur, Punjab, to Hazara Ram, his father. He received his Master of Arts in Economics from Panjab University, Chandigarh.

## Indian Administrative Service career

Parkash was part of the 1988 batch of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) in the Punjab cadre. He began his career as a research officer in the Punjab State Planning Board in 1972. Later, he served as an excise and taxation officer in the Punjab Excise Department. Parkash has also served as the deputy commissioner of Faridkot, Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar and has other posts, including as the Labour Commissioner, Punjab Urban Planning and Development Authority (PUDA) chief administrator, managing director of the Punjab Financial Corporation and director of the Social Security Department.

## Political career

Parkash first unsuccessfully contested Lok Sabha during Indian general elections in 2009 from the Hoshiarpur constituency. Due to corruption charges, sitting Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Phagwara Swarna Ram was dropped from the state cabinet, which led BJP to look for a new candidate and Parkash was selected as the BJP candidate in 2012 Punjab elections. He successfully contested and became MLA from Phagwara. For the next term in 2017, he was again fielded to contest Punjab Vidhan Sabha elections from Phagwara and he won consecutively for the second time
In 2019 General Elections, he was given a ticket from Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha Constituency in place of Vijay Sampla, and he managed to win that election. Prakash was the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry from 2019 to 2024.

## Personal life

Parkash is married to Anita Som Parkash and has 2 sons, Sanjeev and Sahil Kainth.
# Merit badge (disambiguation)

Merit badge may refer to:
* Merit badge, for the Boy Scouts of America
* Personal progression in Scouting Ireland#Merit badges
# New Kung Fu Cult Master 1

New Kung Fu Cult Master 1 is a 2022 Hong Kong-Chinese wuxia film directed by Wong Jing and Venus Keung adapted from Louis Cha's novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber. It is a follow-up to the 1993 film Kung Fu Cult Master. The film stars Louis Koo, Donnie Yen, Raymond Lam, Janice Man, Yun Qianqian and Sabrina Qiu.
The film was theatrically released on 28 January 2022 in Singapore, while it was released on streaming platforms on 31 January 2022 in China. A sequel, New Kung Fu Cult Master 2, was released on streaming platforms on 3 February 2022 in China.

## Cast

* Louis Koo as Cheung Chui-san
* Donnie Yen as Cheung Sam-fung (special appearance)
* Raymond Lam as Cheung Mo-kei
** Chaney Lin as 15-year-old Cheung Mo-kei
* Janice Man as Chiu Man
* Yun Qianqian as Siu-chiu
* Sabrina Qiu as Chow Chi-yeuk
* Elvis Tsui as Tse Shun
* Alex Fong as Yeung Chiu
* Raymond Wong Ho-yin as Wai Yat-siu
* Jade Leung as Abbess Mit-juet
* Rebecca Zhu as Yan So-so
* Lam Chi-chung as Wah Shan Elder
* Zhang Xuan as Ting Man-kwan
* Derek Kok as Fan Yiu
* Tin Kai-man as Wah Shan Elder
* Yu Kang as Hok Pat-yung
* Mars as Hung Man
* Wilfred Lau as Sung Ching-shu
* Felix Lok as Yan Tin-ching
* Parkman Wong as Sung Yuen-kiu
* Asano Nagahide as Yue Lin-chau
* Dominic Ho as Yan Lei-hang
* Edward Chui as Cheung Chung-kai
* Ken Hung as Mok Sing-kuk
* Jason Wong as Yu Toi-ngam
* Chang Yuci as Elder sister Seung
* Lu Yan as Elder sister Luk
* Ding Yusen as Luk Cheung-hak
* Xing Yu as Sing Kwan
* Louis Fan as Dog
* Hung Yan-yan as Cat
* Wiyona Yeung as Chow Chi-yeuk's mother

## Production

On 21 December 2019, Wong Jing posted a teaser poster of the film on his Sina Weibo account and stating that Zhang Wuji will finally meet with Zhao Min in Dadu, hinting he will be making a follow-up to his 1993 film Kung Fu Cult Master, which ended in a cliffhanger. Principal photography began for the film began in January 2020 at the Hengdian World Studios. However, production was halted two weeks later due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was resumed in mid-April of the same year. On 7 May 2020, director Wong released stills of the cast in their characters on his Sina Weibo account.
On 2 January 2022, Wong announced on his Sina Weibo account that the film had been split into two parts, New Kung Fu Cult Master 1 and New Kung Fu Cult Master 2, to be released during the Chinese New Year period of the year. This later led to speculations that the cast was having disagreements with the production over salary disputes, but cast member Donnie Yen later responded to this by stating that he knew that it was going to be a duology from the start.

## Release

New Kung Fu Cult Master 1 premiered with theatrical release in Singapore on 28 January 2022 while in China, the film was released on 31 January 2022 in China on streaming platforms with a fee of RMB¥5 to stream the film. A sequel, New Kung Fu Cult Master 2, was released on streaming platforms on 3 February 2022 in China.
# Stargroves

51°20′49″N 1°24′40″W﻿ / ﻿51.347°N 1.411°W﻿ / 51.347; -1.411
Stargroves (also known as Stargrove House) is a manor house and associated estate at East Woodhay in the English county of Hampshire. The house belonged to Mick Jagger during the 1970s and was a recording venue for the Rolling Stones and various other rock bands, as well as a filming location for Doctor Who.

## History

The Goddard family owned the estate from 1565 until about 1830. Oliver Cromwell stopped at Stargroves after the second battle of Newbury (27 October 1644), and was entertained by the owner, John Goddard. Edward Goddard owned the estate from 1778 to 1788. It was also owned by Capt. Sir F. H. W. Carden, 3rd Baronet.
In the early 1840s, Stargrove House was destroyed by a fire. Around 1848 a new manor house was built, designed in an ornate, Victorian Gothic style in the manner of a French château. The new house was bought by a Captain Ramsay, and in 1879 was sold to Sir Frederick Henry Walter Carden, who made alterations to the house and landscaped the park.
Stargroves is noted for its revivalist architectural features such as castellations, corner turrets and Tudor revival windows. Today, Stargrove House is a Grade II listed building.

### 1970s

Mick Jagger purchased the estate in 1970 for £55,000 from Sir Henry Carden.
The Rolling Stones recorded at Stargroves before their move to France in spring 1971. These recordings were laid down via a mobile recording studio control room in a custom-built truck known as the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio. The band recorded a number of albums and singles at Stargroves, including various tracks that appeared on Sticky Fingers, Exile on Main St., and It's Only Rock 'n Roll.
Other notable musical acts also recorded at Stargroves using the mobile studio. The Who recorded songs such as "Won't Get Fooled Again" and "Pure and Easy" in 1971. In 1972, Led Zeppelin recorded songs that later appeared on the albums Houses of the Holy (1973), Physical Graffiti (1975) and Coda (1982).
In the 1970s, Sir Mark Palmer and his band of wealthy New Age travellers and their horse-drawn caravans spent much time at Stargroves.
The house's exterior and its grounds were extensively used for filming the Doctor Who serials Pyramids of Mars (1975) and Image of the Fendahl (1977) from Tom Baker's era as the Fourth Doctor.

### Later owners

Jagger sold Stargroves in 1979, for £200,000, to Boxford businessman John Varley. It was then bought by Swedish businessman, Claes Bourghardt, in 1984, for £525,000. He sold it in 1988 to Paul Dupee Jr, the owner of the Boston Celtics, for £2,250,000. He sold it in 1993 after having created a basketball court and expansive gardens.
In 1998, Rod Stewart bought Stargroves for £2.5 million from Frank Williams but never moved in. He separated from his then wife, Rachel Hunter, soon after exchanging contracts and sold it. In 2012, Stargroves was sold for more than its £15 million listing price to a member of the Sackler family.