# Clay County, Kansas

Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Clay Center. As of the 2020 United States census, the county population was 8,117. The county was named for Henry Clay, an influential U.S. Senator from Kentucky.

## History
### Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America were inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

### 19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.
In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1857, Clay County was established.
When the first counties were created by the Kansas legislature in 1855, the territory within the present limits of the county was attached to Riley County for all revenue and judicial purposes. Subsequently, Clay was attached to Geary County. In 1857, Clay was created and named in honor of the famous American statesman Henry Clay, a member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State in the 19th century.
In 1887, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a branch line from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) to Superior, Nebraska. This branch line connected Strong City, Neva, Rockland, Diamond Springs, Burdick, Lost Springs, Jacobs, Hope, Navarre, Enterprise, Abilene, Talmage, Manchester, Longford, Oak Hill, Miltonvale, Aurora, Huscher, Concordia, Kackley, Courtland, Webber, Superior. At some point, the line from Neva to Lost Springs was pulled, but the right of way has not been abandoned. This branch line was originally called "Strong City and Superior line" but later the name was shortened to the "Strong City line". In 1996, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Santa Fe".

### 21st century

In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed north to south through Clay County, with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs). A pumping station named Riley was built along the pipeline.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 656 square miles (1,700 km$^2$), of which 645 square miles (1,670 km$^2$) is land and 10 square miles (26 km$^2$) (1.6%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

* Washington County (north)
* Riley County (east)
* Geary County (southeast)
* Dickinson County (south)
* Ottawa County (southwest)
* Cloud County (west)

### Major highways

Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
* U.S. Route 24
* Kansas Highway 15
* Kansas Highway 82

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 8,822 people, 3,617 households, and 2,517 families residing in the county. The population density was 14 people per square mile (5.4 people/km$^2$). There were 4,084 housing units at an average density of 6 per square mile (2.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.72% White, 0.57% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.83% of the population.
There were 3,617 households, out of which 30.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.90% were married couples living together, 6.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% were non-families. 27.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.90% under the age of 18, 6.70% from 18 to 24, 23.90% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 20.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 99.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.60 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $33,965, and the median income for a family was $41,103. Males had a median income of $28,817 versus $17,760 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,939. About 6.80% of families and 10.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over.

## Government
### Presidential elections

United States presidential election results for Clay County, Kansas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 3,150 | 76.59% | 867 | 21.08% | 96 | 2.33% |
| 2020 | 3,177 | 75.97% | 894 | 21.38% | 111 | 2.65% |
| 2016 | 2,891 | 74.94% | 677 | 17.55% | 290 | 7.52% |
| 2012 | 2,788 | 75.64% | 834 | 22.63% | 64 | 1.74% |
| 2008 | 2,998 | 73.95% | 1,009 | 24.89% | 47 | 1.16% |
| 2004 | 3,174 | 79.15% | 793 | 19.78% | 43 | 1.07% |
| 2000 | 2,998 | 73.34% | 951 | 23.26% | 139 | 3.40% |
| 1996 | 2,793 | 66.87% | 963 | 23.05% | 421 | 10.08% |
| 1992 | 2,198 | 47.89% | 947 | 20.63% | 1,445 | 31.48% |
| 1988 | 2,997 | 72.10% | 1,112 | 26.75% | 48 | 1.15% |
| 1984 | 3,559 | 78.76% | 919 | 20.34% | 41 | 0.91% |
| 1980 | 3,449 | 73.90% | 932 | 19.97% | 286 | 6.13% |
| 1976 | 3,085 | 63.85% | 1,610 | 33.32% | 137 | 2.84% |
| 1972 | 3,562 | 78.42% | 887 | 19.53% | 93 | 2.05% |
| 1968 | 3,335 | 71.95% | 926 | 19.98% | 374 | 8.07% |
| 1964 | 3,030 | 62.18% | 1,806 | 37.06% | 37 | 0.76% |
| 1960 | 3,937 | 75.33% | 1,246 | 23.84% | 43 | 0.82% |
| 1956 | 4,378 | 80.17% | 1,034 | 18.93% | 49 | 0.90% |
| 1952 | 5,059 | 84.87% | 831 | 13.94% | 71 | 1.19% |
| 1948 | 3,763 | 65.89% | 1,804 | 31.59% | 144 | 2.52% |
| 1944 | 4,101 | 74.01% | 1,391 | 25.10% | 49 | 0.88% |
| 1940 | 4,699 | 68.74% | 2,067 | 30.24% | 70 | 1.02% |
| 1936 | 3,525 | 50.45% | 3,441 | 49.25% | 21 | 0.30% |
| 1932 | 3,115 | 47.26% | 3,289 | 49.90% | 187 | 2.84% |
| 1928 | 4,457 | 73.74% | 1,515 | 25.07% | 72 | 1.19% |
| 1924 | 3,767 | 62.93% | 1,417 | 23.67% | 802 | 13.40% |
| 1920 | 3,521 | 72.69% | 1,155 | 23.84% | 168 | 3.47% |
| 1916 | 2,692 | 47.70% | 2,632 | 46.63% | 320 | 5.67% |
| 1912 | 843 | 22.69% | 1,373 | 36.96% | 1,499 | 40.35% |
| 1908 | 1,858 | 52.96% | 1,495 | 42.62% | 155 | 4.42% |
| 1904 | 2,262 | 68.57% | 403 | 12.22% | 634 | 19.22% |
| 1900 | 2,001 | 51.47% | 1,826 | 46.97% | 61 | 1.57% |
| 1896 | 1,655 | 45.55% | 1,929 | 53.10% | 49 | 1.35% |
| 1892 | 1,666 | 43.67% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,149 | 56.33% |
| 1888 | 1,914 | 50.80% | 920 | 24.42% | 934 | 24.79% |
Like all of Kansas outside the eastern cities, Clay County is overwhelmingly Republican. When Lyndon B. Johnson became in 1964 the last Democrat to carry the state's electoral votes, Clay County was his weakest in the state, giving over 62 percent of its votes to Barry Goldwater. The solitary Democrat to win a majority of Clay County's votes has been William Jennings Bryan in 1896, although Woodrow Wilson in a four-way race in 1912, and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 both obtained slim pluralities. Roosevelt in 1936, when he lost to Kansan Alf Landon by eighty-four votes, remains the last Democrat to win forty percent of the county's vote, and Jimmy Carter in 1976 is the last to pass thirty percent.

## Education

Unified school districts that serve portions of the county include:
* Clay County USD 379
* Clifton-Clyde USD 224
* Southern Cloud USD 334

## Communities

List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Clay County.

### Cities

‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county.
* Clay Center (county seat)
* Wakefield
* Clifton‡
* Morganville
* Green
* Longford
* Vining‡
* Oak Hill

### Unincorporated communities

† means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau.
* Idana†
* Industry‡
* Ladysmith

### Ghost towns

* Broughton
* Browndale
* Athelstane
* Bateham
* Broughton, razed when Milford Lake was built
* Browndale
* Exeter
* Fact
* Fancy Creek
* Garfield Center
* Gatesville
* Northern
* Republican City
* Lovejoy
* Powellsburgh
* Delavan
* Riverdale
* Uniondale
* Stitt
* Chapmanville
* Wilson
* Hebron
* Lund
* Peach Grove
* Mulberry
* Morgan City
* Madura
* Fayetteville
* Otter Creek
* Mount Pleasant
* Fancy Creek
* Oberg
* Carter Creek
* Tabor
* Morena
* Bachelder
* Lima
* Iwacura

### Townships

Clay County is divided into eighteen townships. The city of Clay Center is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

## Notable people

    See List of people from Clay County, Kansas
Two former Kansas Governors resided in Clay County. George Docking was the 35th Governor, serving from January 14, 1957, until January 9, 1961. William H. Avery was the 37th Governor, from January 11, 1965, until January 9, 1967.