# Michigan's 1st congressional district

Michigan's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district that fully contains the 15 counties of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and 20 counties of Northern Michigan in the Lower Peninsula. The district is currently represented by Republican Jack Bergman.

## Characteristics

The district is the second-largest congressional district east of the Mississippi River by land area, only behind Maine's 2nd congressional district. Its boundaries contain the entire Upper Peninsula of Michigan and much of the northern part of the Lower Peninsula. Altogether, the district makes up about 44% of the land area of the state of Michigan yet contains only 7% of Michigan's population. It contains the second-longest shoreline of any district in the United States, behind Alaska's at-large congressional district.

## Counties and municipalities

For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and municipalities:
Alcona County (13)
    All 13 municipalities
Alger County (10)
    All 10 municipalities
Alpena County (10)
    All 10 municipalities
Antrim County (20)
    All 20 municipalities
Arenac County (18)
    All 18 municipalities
Baraga County (7)
    All 7 municipalities
Benzie County (7)
    All 7 municipalities
Charlevoix County (19)
    All 19 municipalities
Cheboygan County (22)
    All 22 municipalities
Chippewa County (18)
    All 18 municipalities
Crawford County (7)
    All 7 municipalities
Delta County (17)
    All 17 municipalities
Dickinson County (10)
    All 10 municipalities
Emmet County (21)
    All 21 municipalities
Gogebic County (9)
    All 9 municipalities
Grand Traverse County (16)
    All 16 municipalities
Houghton County (21)
    All 21 municipalities
Iosco County (14)
    All 14 municipalities
Iron County (5)
    All 5 municipalities
Kalkaska County (13)
    All 13 municipalities
Keweenaw County (6)
    All 6 municipalities
Leelanau County (15)
    All 15 municipalities
Luce County (5)
    All 5 municipalities
Mackinac County (13)
    All 13 municipalities
Marquette County (22)
    All 22 municipalities
Menominee County (19)
    All 19 municipalities
Missaukee County (17)
    All 17 municipalities
Montmorency County (9)
    All 9 municipalities
Ogemaw County (17)
    All 17 municipalities
Ontonagon County (12)
    All 12 municipalities
Oscoda County (6)
    All 6 municipalities
Otsego County (11)
    All 11 municipalities
Presque Isle County (18)
    All 18 municipalities
Roscommon County (12)
    All 12 municipalities
Schoolcraft County (9)
    All 9 municipalities
Wexford County (5)
    Buckley, Greenwood Township, Hanover Township, Liberty Township, Wexford Township (part; also 2nd)

## History

Prior to 1992, the 1st congressional district was a Detroit-based congressional district. From the election of Republican John B. Sosnowski in 1925 until 1964, the former 1st district was represented by only one non-Polish-American politician, Robert H. Clancy. Along with Sosnowski, 6 Polish-Americans served as the 1st district's representatives elected 7 times, since 1925. The other strong Polish Michigan congressional districts were the 15th district (where half of the elected were Polish-American) and the dissolved 16th district (where all three elected representatives were of Polish descent). In 1964, the 1st congressional district was drawn as a new, African-American majority district reflecting the changing demographics of Detroit, while enough of the old 1st district was moved to the 14th district so that the 14th district retained the 1st's old congressman. John Conyers was elected to congress from the 1st district, a position he would hold until the 1st was removed from Detroit.
After 1992, the 1st district covered land in the UP and Northern Michigan. Most of this territory had been known as the 11th district from 1892 to 1992. The 1st from 1992 to 2002 was similar to the present district, except that it did not extend nearly as far south along Lake Michigan, while it took in Traverse City and some surrounding areas on the west side of the state.

## Recent election results from statewide races

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2008 | President | Obama 49% - 48% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 55% - 45% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 59% - 36% |
| 2018 | Senate | James 55% - 43% |
| 2018 | Governor | Schuette 54% - 43% |
| 2018 | Attorney General | Leonard 57% - 38% |
| 2020 | President | Trump 59% - 39% |
| 2020 | Senate | James 59% - 40% |
| 2022 | Governor | Dixon 54% - 44% |
| 2022 | Secretary of State | Karamo 53% - 44% |
| 2022 | Attorney General | DePerno 55% - 43% |
| 2024 | President | Trump 59% - 39% |
| 2024 | Senate | Rogers 60% - 40% |

## List of members representing the district

| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District location |
| District created March 4, 1843 ||||||
| Robert McClelland (Monroe) | Democratic | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849 | 28th 29th 30th | Elected in 1843. Re-elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. Retired. | 1843–1853 [data missing] |
| Alexander W. Buel (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851 | 31st | Elected in 1848. Lost re-election. | 1843–1853 [data missing] |
| Ebenezer J. Penniman (Plymouth) | Whig | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | 32nd | Elected in 1850. Retired. | 1843–1853 [data missing] |
| David Stuart (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 | 33rd | Elected in 1852. Lost re-election. | 1853–1863 [data missing] |
| William A. Howard (Detroit) | Opposition | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 | 34th | Elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. Lost re-election. | 1853–1863 [data missing] |
| William A. Howard (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859 | 35th | Elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. Lost re-election. | 1853–1863 [data missing] |
| George B. Cooper (Jackson) | Democratic | March 4, 1859 – May 15, 1860 | 36th | Elected in 1858. Lost election contest. | 1853–1863 [data missing] |
| William A. Howard (Detroit) | Republican | May 15, 1860 – March 3, 1861 | 36th | Won election contest. Retired. | 1853–1863 [data missing] |
| Bradley F. Granger (Ann Arbor) | Republican | March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863 | 37th | Elected in 1860. Redistricted to the 3rd district and lost re-election as a Democrat. | 1853–1863 [data missing] |
| Fernando C. Beaman (Adrian) | Republican | March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1871 | 38th 39th 40th 41st | Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1862. Re-elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. Re-elected in 1868. Retired. | 1863–1873 [data missing] |
| Henry Waldron (Hillsdale) | Republican | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873 | 42nd | Elected in 1870. Redistricted to the 2nd district. | 1863–1873 [data missing] |
| Moses W. Field (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875 | 43rd | Elected in 1872. Lost re-election. | 1873–1883 [data missing] |
| Alpheus S. Williams (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1875 – December 21, 1878 | 44th 45th | Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Lost re-election and died before next term began. | 1873–1883 [data missing] |
| Vacant | Vacant | December 21, 1878 – March 3, 1879 | 45th | | 1873–1883 [data missing] |
| John S. Newberry (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881 | 46th | Elected in 1878. Retired. | 1873–1883 [data missing] |
| Henry W. Lord (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883 | 47th | Elected in 1880. Lost re-election. | 1873–1883 [data missing] |
| William C. Maybury (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887 | 48th 49th | Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Retired. | 1883–1893 [data missing] |
| John L. Chipman (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1887 – August 17, 1893 | 50th 51st 52nd 53rd | Elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Died. | 1883–1893 [data missing] |
| John L. Chipman (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1887 – August 17, 1893 | 50th 51st 52nd 53rd | Elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Died. | 1893–1903 [data missing] |
| Vacant | Vacant | August 17, 1893 – November 7, 1893 | 53rd | | 1893–1903 [data missing] |
| Levi T. Griffin (Detroit) | Democratic | December 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895 | 53rd | Elected to finish Chipman's term. Lost re-election. | 1893–1903 [data missing] |
| John B. Corliss (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1903 | 54th 55th 56th 57th | Elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Lost re-election. | 1893–1903 [data missing] |
| Alfred Lucking (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905 | 58th | Elected in 1902. Lost re-election. | 1903–1913 [data missing] |
| Edwin C. Denby (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911 | 59th 60th 61st | Elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Lost re-election. | 1903–1913 [data missing] |
| Frank E. Doremus (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921 | 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th | Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Retired. | 1903–1913 [data missing] |
| Frank E. Doremus (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921 | 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th | Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Retired. | 1913–1933 [data missing] |
| George P. Codd (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923 | 67th | Elected in 1920. Retired. | 1913–1933 [data missing] |
| Robert H. Clancy (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1925 | 68th | Elected in 1922. Lost re-election. | 1913–1933 [data missing] |
| John B. Sosnowski (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1927 | 69th | Elected in 1924. Lost renomination. | 1913–1933 [data missing] |
| Robert H. Clancy (Detroit) | Republican | March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1933 | 70th 71st 72nd | Elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Redistricted to the 14th district and lost re-election. | 1913–1933 [data missing] |
| George G. Sadowski (Detroit) | Democratic | March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1939 | 73rd 74th 75th | Elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Lost renomination. | 1933–1943 [data missing] |
| Rudolph G. Tenerowicz (Detroit) | Democratic | January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1943 | 76th 77th | Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Lost renomination. | 1933–1943 [data missing] |
| George G. Sadowski (Detroit) | Democratic | January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1951 | 78th 79th 80th 81st | Elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Lost renomination. | 1943–1953 [data missing] |
| Thaddeus M. Machrowicz (Hamtramck) | Democratic | January 3, 1951 – September 18, 1961 | 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th | Elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Resigned to become U.S. District Judge. | 1943–1953 [data missing] |
| Thaddeus M. Machrowicz (Hamtramck) | Democratic | January 3, 1951 – September 18, 1961 | 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th | Elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Resigned to become U.S. District Judge. | 1953–1963 [data missing] |
| Vacant | Vacant | September 18, 1961 – November 7, 1961 | 87th | | 1953–1963 [data missing] |
| Lucien Nedzi (Detroit) | Democratic | November 7, 1961 – January 3, 1965 | 87th 88th | Elected to finish Machrowicz's term. Re-elected in 1962. Redistricted to the 14th district. | 1953–1963 [data missing] |
| Lucien Nedzi (Detroit) | Democratic | November 7, 1961 – January 3, 1965 | 87th 88th | Elected to finish Machrowicz's term. Re-elected in 1962. Redistricted to the 14th district. | 1963–1973 [data missing] |
| John Conyers (Detroit) | Democratic | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1993 | 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Redistricted to the 14th district. | 1963–1973 [data missing] |
| John Conyers (Detroit) | Democratic | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1993 | 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Redistricted to the 14th district. | 1973–1983 [data missing] |
| John Conyers (Detroit) | Democratic | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1993 | 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Redistricted to the 14th district. | 1983–1993 [data missing] |
| Bart Stupak (Menominee) | Democratic | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2011 | 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th | Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Retired. | 1993–2003 |
| Bart Stupak (Menominee) | Democratic | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2011 | 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th | Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Retired. | 2003–2013 |
| Dan Benishek (Crystal Falls) | Republican | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017 | 112th 113th 114th | Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired. | 2003–2013 |
| Dan Benishek (Crystal Falls) | Republican | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017 | 112th 113th 114th | Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired. | 2013–2023 |
| Jack Bergman (Watersmeet) | Republican | January 3, 2017 – present | 115th 116th 117th 118th 119th | Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2013–2023 |
| Jack Bergman (Watersmeet) | Republican | January 3, 2017 – present | 115th 116th 117th 118th 119th | Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Re-elected in 2024. | 2023–present |

## Elections
### 2012

Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2012 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dan Benishek (incumbent) | 167,060 | 48.1 |
| | Democratic | Gary McDowell | 165,179 | 47.6 |
| | Libertarian | Emily Salvette | 10,630 | 3.1 |
| | Green | Ellis Boal | 4,168 | 1.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 347,037 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2014

Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2014 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dan Benishek (incumbent) | 130,414 | 52.1 |
| | Democratic | Jerry Cannon | 113,263 | 45.3 |
| | Libertarian | Loel Gnadt | 3,823 | 1.5 |
| | Green | Ellis Boal | 2,631 | 1.1 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 250,131 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2016

Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jack Bergman | 197,777 | 54.9 |
| | Democratic | Lon Johnson | 144,334 | 40.1 |
| | Libertarian | Diane Bostow | 13,386 | 3.7 |
| | Green | Ellis Boal | 4,774 | 1.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 360,271 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2018

Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jack Bergman (incumbent) | 187,251 | 56.3 |
| | Democratic | Matt Morgan | 145,246 | 43.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 332,497 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2020

Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jack Bergman (incumbent) | 256,581 | 61.7 |
| | Democratic | Dana Ferguson | 153,328 | 36.8 |
| | Libertarian | Ben Boren | 6,310 | 1.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 416,219 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2022

Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jack Bergman (incumbent) | 233,094 | 59.9 |
| | Democratic | Bob Lorinser | 145,403 | 37.4 |
| | Working Class | Liz Hakola | 5,510 | 1.4 |
| | Libertarian | Andrew Gale | 4,592 | 1.1 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 388,599 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2024

Michigan's 1st congressional district, 2024 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Jack Bergman (incumbent) | 282,264 | 59.2 |
| | Democratic | Callie Barr | 180,937 | 37.9 |
| | Working Class | Liz Hakola | 8,497 | 1.8 |
| | Libertarian | Andrew Gale | 5,486 | 1.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 477,184 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |