# Transylvania County, North Carolina

Transylvania County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census the population is 32,986. Its county seat is Brevard.
Transylvania County comprises the Brevard, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Asheville-Waynesville-Brevard, NC Combined Statistical Area.

## History

The North Carolina General Assembly apportioned Transylvania County on February 15, 1861, from lands previously attributed to neighboring Jackson and Henderson counties; it was named by representative Joseph P. Jordan. Until the early 20th century, the vast majority of Transylvania County residents subsisted through agriculture, growing staples such as potatoes and cabbage.
Beginning in the early 20th century, with Joseph Silverstein's tannery in what was renamed as Rosman in 1905, a manufacturing economy began to develop in the county. It relied on timber and related products harvested from the Pisgah National Forest. In the 1930s, Harry Straus opened a paper mill in the Pisgah Forest area; by the mid-20th century, Straus's Ecusta Paper manufacturing site provided jobs to over 3,000 local residents. During the peak industrial years of the 1950s, DuPont had a factory in the county, employing nearly 1,000 more residents.
In the following decades, Brevard College and its namesake town each grew at dramatic rates. The Brevard Music Center and its summer Brevard Music Festival began to attract musicians and enthusiasts from around the country to Transylvania County.
Since the late 20th century, Transylvania County's economy has changed. Many of the manufacturing operations went defunct or moved offshore for cheap labor, including Ecusta and DuPont. Since then, the county has worked to reshape its economy around the growing summer and winter tourism industry in Appalachia.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 380.33 square miles (985.1 km$^2$), of which 378.36 square miles (979.9 km$^2$) is land and 1.97 square miles (5.1 km$^2$) (0.52%) water.
Transylvania County contains the primary headwaters of the French Broad River, locally called North Fork, West Fork, East Fork, and Middle Fork. Since the county's northern and western boundaries follow mountain ridges, all these tributaries originate from sources in the county. The French Broad flows primarily east and northward through the county into Henderson County.
The county's northern border follows the ridge line proximate to the Blue Ridge Parkway, and the southern border mostly follows the Eastern Continental Divide, from the border of Henderson County and South Carolina, westward to near US 178 and Jackson County. The headwaters of Lake Toxaway lie south of the Eastern Continental Divide, becoming the Toxaway River, descending rapidly through Gorges State Park and into Lake Jocassee on the county's southern edge. This area, known as the Cane Brake, is difficult to access from North Carolina due to the steep slope of the trails in Gorges State Park, but can be reached more easily via the Foothills Trail from South Carolina.
Transylvania County is known as the "Land of Waterfalls", due to it having over 250 waterfalls. This is due to a combination of its high precipitation and location on the Blue Ridge Escarpment. Notable waterfalls in the county include Looking Glass Falls, Moore Cove Falls, Rainbow Falls, and Whitewater Falls, the tallest waterfall east of the Mississippi. It receives over 90 inches (2,300 mm) of rain annually due to orographic lift, making it the state's wettest county. (Buncombe County, 30 miles (48 km) northeast, is the driest, as it sits in Transylvania County's rain shadow.) The Blue Ridge Parkway traverses parts of the county, and has views of the Appalachian Mountains, which reach over 6,000 feet (1,800 m) elevation in the county.

### National protected areas

* Blue Ridge Parkway (part)
* Nantahala National Forest (part)
* Pisgah National Forest (part)

### State and local protected areas

* Biltmore Forest School
* Bracken Preserve
* Davidson River Recreational Area
* Dupont State Forest Game Land (part)
* DuPont State Recreational Forest (part)
* Gorges State Park
* Headwaters State Forest
* Headwaters State Forest Game Land
* Pisgah National Forest Game Land (part)
* Southern Highlands Reserve (part)
* Sycamore Flats Recreational Area
* Toxaway Game Land

### Major water bodies

* Atagahi Lake
* Camp Creek Falls
* Cascade Lake
* Dupont Lake
* French Broad River
* Horsepasture River
* Kings Creek
* Lake Jocassee
* Lake Julia
* Lake Toxaway
* Lake Wanteska
* Little River
* North Fork French Broad River
* Shoal Creek
* South Fork Flat Creek
* Thunder Lake
* Thompson River
* Ticoa Lake
* Toxaway Creek

### Adjacent counties

* Henderson County – east
* Greenville County, South Carolina – southeast
* Pickens County, South Carolina – south
* Oconee County, South Carolina – southwest
* Jackson County – west
* Haywood County – northwest
* Buncombe County – northeast

### Major highways

* US 64
* US 64 Bus.
* US 178
* US 276
* NC 215
* NC 280
* NC 281

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Transylvania County, North Carolina – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 27,305 | 30,049 | 28,542 | 93.08% | 90.81% | 86.53% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 1,228 | 1,279 | 1,027 | 4.19% | 3.87% | 3.11% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 76 | 93 | 102 | 0.26% | 0.28% | 0.31% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 111 | 143 | 173 | 0.38% | 0.43% | 0.52% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 7 | 8 | 22 | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.07% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 13 | 33 | 115 | 0.04% | 0.10% | 0.35% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 296 | 521 | 1,307 | 1.01% | 1.57% | 3.96% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 298 | 964 | 1,698 | 1.02% | 2.91% | 5.15% |
| Total | 29,334 | 33,090 | 32,986 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 32,986 people, 14,567 households, and 9,978 families residing in the county.

### 2010 census

At the 2010 census, there were 33,090 people, 14,394 households, and 8,660 families residing in the county. The population density was 83 people per square mile (32 people/km$^2$). There were 15,553 housing units at an average density of 41 units per square mile (16 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 92.4% White, 3.9% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 1.12% from two or more races. 2.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 12,320 households, out of which 25.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.60% were married couples living together, 8.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.70% were non-families. 26.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.74.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.40% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 23.10% from 25 to 44, 26.90% from 45 to 64, and 21.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 92.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.50 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $38,587, and the median income for a family was $45,579. Males had a median income of $31,743 versus $21,191 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,767. About 6.60% of families and 9.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.80% of those under age 18 and 7.00% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and politics

Transylvania is a solidly Republican county, although much less so than the vast majority of Appalachia. No Democratic presidential nominee has carried Transylvania County since Jimmy Carter did so in 1976.
United States presidential election results for Transylvania County, North Carolina :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 11,492 | 55.30% | 8,972 | 43.18% | 316 | 1.52% |
| 2020 | 11,636 | 57.03% | 8,444 | 41.38% | 324 | 1.59% |
| 2016 | 10,520 | 58.87% | 6,558 | 36.70% | 791 | 4.43% |
| 2012 | 9,634 | 57.47% | 6,826 | 40.72% | 303 | 1.81% |
| 2008 | 9,401 | 55.60% | 7,275 | 43.02% | 233 | 1.38% |
| 2004 | 9,386 | 60.21% | 6,097 | 39.11% | 105 | 0.67% |
| 2000 | 9,011 | 63.35% | 5,044 | 35.46% | 170 | 1.20% |
| 1996 | 6,734 | 52.29% | 4,842 | 37.60% | 1,301 | 10.10% |
| 1992 | 5,984 | 45.55% | 5,120 | 38.97% | 2,033 | 15.48% |
| 1988 | 7,009 | 61.86% | 4,280 | 37.78% | 41 | 0.36% |
| 1984 | 6,956 | 64.91% | 3,733 | 34.83% | 28 | 0.26% |
| 1980 | 4,826 | 52.60% | 4,008 | 43.68% | 341 | 3.72% |
| 1976 | 4,089 | 46.51% | 4,636 | 52.74% | 66 | 0.75% |
| 1972 | 5,860 | 69.73% | 2,321 | 27.62% | 223 | 2.65% |
| 1968 | 4,033 | 46.85% | 2,210 | 25.67% | 2,365 | 27.47% |
| 1964 | 3,547 | 44.17% | 4,483 | 55.83% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 4,221 | 55.47% | 3,388 | 44.53% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 3,901 | 53.18% | 3,435 | 46.82% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 4,047 | 52.64% | 3,641 | 47.36% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 2,861 | 46.42% | 2,975 | 48.27% | 327 | 5.31% |
| 1944 | 2,251 | 42.71% | 3,019 | 57.29% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 2,019 | 37.87% | 3,312 | 62.13% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 2,001 | 41.29% | 2,845 | 58.71% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 1,671 | 39.63% | 2,523 | 59.84% | 22 | 0.52% |
| 1928 | 2,165 | 55.70% | 1,722 | 44.30% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 1,814 | 50.22% | 1,776 | 49.17% | 22 | 0.61% |
| 1920 | 1,680 | 52.14% | 1,542 | 47.86% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 841 | 50.60% | 821 | 49.40% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1912 | 107 | 8.39% | 631 | 49.45% | 538 | 42.16% |
Transylvania County has a council-manager form of government, with a five-member Board of Commissioners elected at large. The Commissioners hire and supervise a separate County Manager. The current County Manager is Jaime Laughter. The current members of the Board of Commissioners are Jason Chappell (chairman), Jake Dalton (vice-chairman), Teresa McCall, Larry Chapman, and Emmett Casciato.
Transylvania Regional Hospital (TRH) was formed in 1933 with the mission to serve the community's health care needs. A 94-bed facility fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), it has more than 120 active, consulting and courtesy physicians representing a full spectrum of specialties.
Transylvania County is a member of the Land-of-Sky Regional Council of governments.
The current mayor of Brevard is Maureen Copelof. The current mayor of Rosman is Brian Shelton.

## Points of interest

* Biltmore Forest School, first school of forestry in North America
* Blue Ridge Community College, Transylvania campus
* Blue Ridge Parkway
* Brevard College
* Brevard Little Theater
* Brevard Music Center
* DuPont State Forest
* Gorges State Park
* Lake Toxaway
* Looking Glass Falls
* Nantahala National Forest
* Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute
* Pisgah National Forest
* Sliding Rock
* Transylvania Arts Council
* Transylvania County Schools
* Whitewater Falls, highest waterfall in North Carolina

## Communities
### City

* Brevard (county seat and largest community)

### Town

* Rosman

### Townships

* Boyd
* Brevard
* Cathey's Creek
* Dunn's Rock
* Eastatoe
* Gloucester
* Hogback
* Little River

### Unincorporated communities

* Balsam Grove
* Cathey's Creek
* Cedar Mountain
* Connestee Falls
* Dunn's Rock
* Lake Toxaway
* Little River
* Penrose
* Pisgah Forest
* Quebec
* Sapphire