OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Dubreil

Paul Dubreil (French:; 1 March 1904 – 9 March 1994) was a French mathematician.
He was born in Le Mans, Maine, France and died in Soisy-sur-École, France. Dubreil was married to fellow mathematician Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin.

## Selected publications
### Articles

* "Contribution à la théorie des demi-groupes". Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences. 63 (3): 1–52. 1941.
* "Emmy Noether". Cahiers du séminaire d'histoire des mathématiques. 7: 15–27. 1986.

### Books

* Algèbre. Gauthier-Villars. 1946. (preface by Gaston Julia)
* Algèbre et théorie des nombres. Paris: Faculté de Sciences. 1956.
* with M.L. Dubreil-Jacotin: Leçons d'algèbre moderne. Dunod. 1961.
** Lectures on Modern Algebra. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. 1967. (English translation)
** Lecciones de álgebra moderna. Reverté. 1971. ISBN 9788429150704. (Spanish translation by R. Rodriguez Vidal)
* Théorie des groupes; cours d'initiation. Paris: Dunod. 1972.
# Clostridioides

Clostridioides is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes Clostridioides difficile, a human pathogen causing an infectious diarrhea.

## Taxonomy

The genus Clostridioides was created to describe a few species formerly in the genus Clostridium which have been shown to be their own genetically distinct genus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. However, both names are still in use and valid under the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Since C. mangenotii was further separated into a distinct genus in 2024, Clostridioides is a monotypic genus.

## Description

They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores. The normal, reproducing cells of Clostridioides, called the vegetative form, are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek κλωστήρ or spindle. Clostridioides endospores, like Clostridium endospores, have a distinct bowling pin or bottle shape, distinguishing them from other bacterial endospores, which are usually ovoid in shape.
# Ings, Cumbria

Ings is a village in the Westmorland and Furness Unitary Authority of Cumbria, England. It lies on the course on the River Gowan and A591 road, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Windermere.
Ings is located in the parish of Hugill, historically a part of Westmorland. The Grade II*-listed St Anne's Church is located within the village.
# Cubanichthys cubensis

Cubanichthys cubensis, the Cuban killifish, is a species of killifish from the family Cyprinodontidae, the pupfishes which is endemic to Cuba.

## Description

Cubanichthys cubensis has a cylindrical body which is slightly broader and taller in the anterior portion. They are a typical size for killifish, the males are 3.6 centimetres (1.4 in) while the females are slightly smaller. They are not colourful, the body being a mottled semi-transparent golden buff with a creamy white patch which starts behind the gill covers and forms an diagonal arch which reaches the anal fin and which covers the viscera. A series of horizontal light blue lines start at the gill covers and extend along the body to the caudal peduncle. There is a broken dark line which frequently runs from the lower mandible through the middle of the eye, and proceeding to the upper part of the gill cover. The males are brighter and the blue line sare more obvious, continuing on to the bases of both the dorsal and anal fins. Like other pupfish this species is sexually dimorphic and the males have more extravagant fins than the females with added extensions on the anal and dorsal fins while their tail can be washed with blue. The females are plainer and often display mottling or splotching along the centre line of the body.

## Distribution

Cubanichthys cubensis is endemic species to Cuba where it is predominantly found in the western part of the island becoming more localised in the central parts. It has been found as far east as the municipality of Moron, Cuba in Ciego de Avila.

## Habitat and biology

Cubanichthys cubensis prefers fresh water but can infrequently be found in brackish water. They strongly prefer waters with thick vegetation consisting of macrophytes or algae plants and where they show a preference for open sunny areas. The spawning period lasts for several days during which the females can lay up to 10 eggs a day, laying each egg individually and placing them on a plant. The eggs are relatively large in size, measuring 1.4 mm in diameter, transparent and adhesive. Sometimes a female will be seen with some eggs hanging from her urogenital paplliae but she soon rubs the eggs off onto water plants. It has been described a larvivorous and a large part of this species' diet consists of the larvae of mosquitoes.

## Formal description

Cubanichthys cubensis is the type species of the genus Cubanichthys. It was originally described in 1903 as Fundulus cubensis by Carl H. Eigenmann with the type locality being cited as Pinar del Rio, Cuba.
# Ottla Kafka

Ottilie "Ottla" Kafka (29 October 1892 – 7 October 1943) was the youngest sister of Franz Kafka. His favourite sister, she was probably also the relative closest to him and supported him in difficult times. Their correspondence was published as Letters to Ottla. She was murdered in the Holocaust.

## Life

Ottilie, called Ottla by her family, was born in Prague, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, into a middle-class Ashkenazi Jewish family. Her father was the businessman Hermann Kafka (1852–1931), her mother, Julie (1856–1934), was the daughter of Jakob Löwy, a brewer in Poděbrady. She had three siblings, Franz, Gabriele ("Elli") (1889–1942) and Valerie ("Valli") (1890–1942). She was Franz's favourite sister. She was a close confidant (enge Vertraute), and he called her unbeschadet der Liebe zu den anderen, die bei weitem liebste (the love to the others notwithstanding, the dearest by far). He helped her get an education at an agricultural school. She lived and worked at the agricultural estate of her brother-in-law, Karl Hermann, in West Bohemian Zürau (now Siřem, community Blšany). In 1916–17, she provided her brother with a writing refuge where he was able to write many short stories, and he also lived on Hermann's estate from September 1917 to April 1918, already suffering from tuberculosis. During this time he wrote Die Zürauer Aphorismen (The Zürau Aphorisms).
In July 1920, Ottla married the Czech Catholic Joseph David, against her father's will. Their daughters Věra (nicknamed Valli) and Helene (nicknamed Elli) were born in 1921 and 1923. Franz Kafka watched them grow up until he died in June 1924. The marriage was not happy and they were divorced in August 1942. Ottla thus lost her protection against the persecution of Jews.
Like many other Jews from Prague, Ottla and her sisters were deported during World War II by the Nazis. Elli and Valli were sent with their families to the Łódź Ghetto, and then to Chelnmo where they were murdered. Ottla was sent to the concentration camp at Theresienstadt. On 5 October 1943, Ottla accompanied a group of children as a voluntary assistant. When the transport reached Auschwitz concentration camp two days later, all were murdered in the gas chambers.

## Legacy

The correspondence between Franz and Ottla Kafka is preserved. It was first published in 1974 by Hartmut Binder and Klaus Wagenbach, and published in English as Letters to Ottla & the Family. In January 2011 it was announced that the original letters were to be sold as a bundle at a Berlin auction house. The German Literature Archive in Marbach hoped to be able to obtain it with help from the private sector; in April 2011 they and the Bodleian Library in Oxford acquired it. They thanked Ottla's heirs for their willingness to sell before the auction, and those who assisted in making it possible to raise the needed funds, including one generous donor who remained anonymous at his own request.
# Half God

Half God is the third studio album by American rapper Wiki. It is entirely produced by American rapper and record producer Navy Blue. The album was released on October 1, 2021, via Wiki's Wikset Enterprise label. Writing of the album began in November of 2020 with "All I Need."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 84/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| And It Don't Stop | A− |
| Beats Per Minute | 78% |
| Pitchfork | 8.5/10 |
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from professional critics, the album received an average score of 84, based on 5 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".

### Accolades

Half God on year-end lists :
| Publication | List | Rank | Ref. |
| Paste | The 50 Best Albums of 2021 | 45 | |
| Pitchfork | The 50 Best Albums of 2021 | 31 | |

## Track listing

All tracks produced by Navy Blue.
# Vindaloo

Vindaloo or vindalho is a Goan curry dish. It is known globally in its British Indian form as a staple of curry house and Indian restaurant menus and is often regarded as a fiery, spicy dish. Vindaloo evolved from the Portuguese dish carne de vinha d'alhos. The traditional vindaloo recipe is pork, but alternative versions are also commonly used, such as beef, chicken, lamb, mutton, prawns, vegetables and tofu.

## History

A standard element of Goan cuisine derived from the Portuguese carne de vinha d'alhos (meat in wine and garlic marinade; literally "meat of vine of garlic"), a vindaloo is a dish of meat marinated in vinegar and garlic. The basic structure of the Portuguese dish was the Portuguese sailor's "preserved" raw ingredients, packed in wooden barrels of alternate layers of pork and garlic, and soaked in red wine. This was adapted by the local Goan cooks with the substitution of palm vinegar for the red wine, and the addition of spices. It evolved into the localized and easy-to-pronounce dish "vindaloo".
The British Indian version of vindaloo calls for the meat to be marinated in vinegar, sugar, fresh ginger and spices, then cooked with more spices.

## Traditional Goan preparation and Indian variations

Restaurants in Goa offering traditional Goan cuisine prepare vindalho with pork, which is the original recipe. Christians from Kochi, Kerala prepare it using pork or, less commonly, beef. The dish was popularized by Goan cooks (whom the British favoured, because they had no objections in kitchens and bars with handling beef, pork or alcohol) in British establishments and on ocean-going liners. Restaurants in other parts of India prepare vindaloo with other meats including beef, chicken, goat meat, lamb and seafood; local taboos against pork popularized the addition of other meats. Cubed potatoes are sometimes added to reduce preparation costs.
Even though the word aloo (आलू) means potato in Hindi, traditional Goan vindalho does not include potatoes; the name is from Portuguese with no Hindi etymology. Some Indian versions do include potatoes due to the confusion with the Hindi aloo, and vindaloo dishes outside India often include potatoes.

## Outside India

Vindaloo has gained popularity outside of India, where it is typically featured on menus at Indian restaurants. Vindaloo served in restaurants of the United Kingdom differs from the original vindaloo dish; it is simply a spicier version of the standard "medium (spiciness)" restaurant curry with the addition of vinegar, potatoes and chili peppers.
Vindaloo is one of the spiciest dishes available on British Asian menus where it is served, although British Bangladeshi restaurants have innovated the tindaloo, which is a quite different dish that originated in Bangladesh. The British variation originated from British Bangladeshi restaurants in the 1970s. Vindaloo is considered a predecessor to phall.
# Bardsea

Bardsea is a village in the Low Furness area of Cumbria, England. It is two miles to the south-east of Ulverston on the northern coast of Morecambe Bay. It is in the historic county of Lancashire.

## History

Bardsea, or Berretseige, is mentioned in the Domesday Book as one of the townships forming the Manor of Hougun held by Earl Tostig. Also once part of the medieval manor of Muchland.
Bardsea was once a small farming and fishing village well into the 19th century. It was accessed mainly by crossing the treacherous sands of Morecambe Bay. The church of Holy Trinity was consecrated in 1853. Previously the area had been included within the parish of Urswick.
The area was also associated with the early Quaker movement. When founder George Fox married local landowner Margaret Fell, he took over Swarthmoor Hall and much of the land round Bardsea. There is an old Quaker burial ground nearby at Sunbrick on Birkrigg Common, where Margaret Fell was reputedly buried in 1702 (one authority suggests she was interred at the burial ground at Swarthmoor, although that is contradicted by other sources). George Fox himself was buried in London.
When iron ore mining and production led to industrialisation in Furness, Bardsea became a significant port, with steamers leaving for Fleetwood and Liverpool. That was short-lived, however, with the Furness Railway and Ulverston Canal taking business away from the village by the end of the Victorian period.
A branch line from Plumpton Junction, on the main railway to Barrow, which opened in 1883, was supposed to run to Bardsea and beyond, but the rails never got closer than Conishead Priory, about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north. The line closed in 1917.

## Community

Bardsea currently has one used public house; the Ship Inn which was a farm in 1750. Bardsea also has a converted Malt Kiln, dated 1829 and once part of the Well Wood estate, which is now used as a village hall. The Hartley family bought the hall and set up a trust deed in memory of local men who were killed in the war, handing over the malt Kiln to the community.

## Geography

Nearby locations of interest are the common with prehistoric Birkrigg stone circle, Sea Wood which once belonged to Lady Jane Grey, the Manjushri Centre at Conishead Priory and Chapel Island used as a sanctuary when crossing the sands.
When stood at the top of Birkrigg Common, it is possible to see the Sir John Barrow Monument and Morecambe Bay, as well as other local landmarks and the town of Ulverston.
# Onyx Collective (American band)

Onyx Collective is an American experimental jazz group, founded by saxophonist Isaiah Barr and drummer Austin Williamson. Since forming in 2014, the group has released 7 albums and featured a rotating cast of dozens of members and guest musicians.

## History

Both New York City natives, Barr and Williamson met while still in high school, and were mentored by saxophonist Roy Nathanson of The Jazz Passengers. In October 2014, they began hosting a show on KNOW-WAVE Radio, bringing in guests to jam live on-air, which led to collaborations with station regulars like Dev Hynes and Wiki.
Barr and Williamson have spoken extensively in interviews about their ties to the Manhattan neighborhoods of the East Village and Lower East Side. A number of titles of compositions featured on Onyx Collective's Lower East Suite Part One (2017), Lower East Suite Part Two (2017), and Lower East Suite Part Three (2018) contain references to downtown Manhattan landmarks, including "2 AM At Veselka," "Rumble in Chatham Square," "Don't Get Caught Under The Manhattan Bridge," and "97 Allen," a reference to the headquarters of clothing brand The Good Company.
From 2014 until 2020, Onyx Collective became known for their guerrilla approach to public performance, presenting improvised music in non-traditional pop-up venues in Lower Manhattan, including clothing stores, barber shops, and gallery spaces. In 2016, they hosted NYXO, a three-month residency at 225 West Broadway in Tribeca, which featured musicians as varied as Show Me The Body, Phony PPL, and Puerto-Rican jazz legend John Benitez.
Onyx Collective recordings and performances have featured vocalists like Dev Hynes, Kelsey Lu, Nick Hakim, Princess Nokia, duendita, Okay Kaya, Julian Soto, and Ian Isiah; pianists Julius Rodriguez, Isaac Sleator, Mike Swoop, and Josh Benitez; bassists Felix Pastorius, Spencer Murphy, Walter Stinson, Daryl Johns, and Dean Torrey; drummers Yussef Dayes and David Frazier, Jr., and guitarist Jack Gulielmetti. They have appeared on albums by Nick Hakim, Ian Isiah, Princess Nokia, and Radamiz, and toured as the backing band for A$AP Rocky. In 2021, Onyx Collective collaborated with funk band Chromeo on "Baby".
The band has had a longtime association with the New York City visual art scene, specifically artists Julian Schnabel, Brian Bellott, Adam Zhu, and Maxwell Dieter; in a formal exhibition setting, they've contributed to Jason Moran's Jazz On A High Floor in the Afternoon at The Whitney, as well as Agathe Snow's Stamina at The Guggenheim.
Individually, Williamson has recorded as a drummer with Blood Orange, Standing On The Corner, Miho Hatori, and Pretty Sick, while Barr has been featured as a composer and saxophonist on recordings by Bakar, David Byrne, and Ratking.

## Discography

* 2nd Avenue Rundown (2016, Supreme / Know Wave)
* Lower East Suite Part 1 (2017, Big Dada)
* Lower East Suite Part 2 (2017, Big Dada)
* Lower East Suite Part 3 (2018, Big Dada)
* World of Possibility (2019, Big Love Records)
* Trad Jazz (2020, NYXO / Braindead)
* Manhattan Special (2020, tmwrk / Concord)
# 1912 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1912 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 25th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1912 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Jones' Road, Dublin, on 17 November 1912, between Kilkenny, represented by club side Tullaroan, and Cork, represented by club side Blackrock.
The Munster champions lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 2–1 to 1–3 with Sim Walton 1-1 and Matt Gargan 1-0 the scorers for Kilkenny.
This match was the first All-Ireland Hurling final to have a bigger attendance than the same year's football final.
# 1924 South American Championship

The eighth edition of the South American Championship was held in Montevideo, Uruguay from 12 October to 2 November 1924.

## Overview

CONMEBOL asked the Paraguayan Football Association to organize it, but it refused because they lacked the infrastructure for such an event. However, the association did organize it, but by way of honouring the recent Paris 1924 gold-medallists, Uruguay, it was held there.
The participating countries were Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. Brazil withdrew from the tournament.

## Squads

For a complete list of participants squads see: 1924 South American Championship squads

## Venues

* Montevideo
* Estadio Gran Parque Central
* Capacity: 20,000

## Final round

Each team played one match against each of the other teams. Two points were awarded for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a defeat.
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Uruguay | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 1 | +7 | 5 |
| Argentina | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 4 |
| Paraguay | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| Chile | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 10 | −9 | 0 |

## Result

* 1924 South American Championship champions
* Uruguay Fifth title

## Goal scorers

4 goals
* Pedro Petrone
2 goals
* Ildefonso López
* Ángel Romano
1 goal
* Gabino Sosa
* Juan Loyarte
* David Arellano
* Gerardo Rivas
* Pasiano Urbita
* José Cea
* Pedro Zingone
# Nicolò Savona

Nicolò Savona (born 19 March 2003) is an Italian footballer who plays as a right-back for Serie A club Juventus.

## Club career

Savona was born in Aosta, in northwestern Italy. He is a youth product of Aygreville, and moved to Juventus' youth academy at the age of 8. He had a loan with the S.P.A.L. academy for the 2020-21 season. A mainstay of their Primavera team, he signed his first professional contract with Juventus on 16 December 2021 until 2024. He made his professional debut with Juventus Next Gen in a 2–1 Serie C loss to Feralpisalò on 30 November 2022.
On 19 August 2024, Savona made his debut for Juventus in the first matchday of the 2024–25 Serie A season, in a 3–0 win against Como. In the following fixture, a 3-0 away win against Hellas Verona, he scored his first Serie A goal on his debut as a starter.

## International career

Savona is a youth international for Italy, having played for the Italy U20s in a friendly tournament in June 2022.
On 8 November 2024, head coach Luciano Spalletti included Savona in the Italy senior team squad for UEFA Nations League fixtures against Belgium and France.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 19 February 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Juventus Next Gen | 2022–23 | Serie C | 17 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Juventus Next Gen | 2023–24 | Serie C | 33 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 2 | 41 | 2 |
| Juventus Next Gen | Total | Total | 50 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 2 | 61 | 2 |
| Juventus | 2024–25 | Serie A | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 72 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 92 | 4 |
* ↑ Includes Coppa Italia Serie C, Coppa Italia
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Champions League
* ↑ Appearance in Supercoppa Italiana
# 1936 Men's British Open Squash Championship

The 1936 Open Championship featured the defending open champion F. D. Amr Bey of Egypt being challenged by Jim Dear the professional champion. The first leg was held at the Royal Automobile Club on 16 November. Bey from the Bath Club won the first leg three games to two, despite some criticism over his use of the shot against the back wall to continue a rally, it was felt that he used this shot too much. The second leg took place at Bey's home Bath Club on 23 November. Bey won his fourth consecutive Open Championship title by clinching the second leg three games to one.

## Results
### First leg

| Royal Automobile Club | Royal Automobile Club | Royal Automobile Club | Royal Automobile Club | Royal Automobile Club | Royal Automobile Club | Royal Automobile Club |
| F. D. Amr Bey | F. D. Amr Bey | 9 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 9 |
| Jim Dear | Jim Dear | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 6 |

### Second leg

| Bath Club | Bath Club | Bath Club | Bath Club | Bath Club | Bath Club | Bath Club |
| F. D. Amr Bey | F. D. Amr Bey | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | |
| Jim Dear | Jim Dear | 6 | 10 | 1 | 6 | |
| Preceded by1935 | British Open Squash Championships England (London) 1936 | Succeeded by1937 |
# McKee Trio

The McKee Orchestra and Trio was an instrumental recording group in American popular music during the 1910s.
For several years the McKee Trio was contracted by the Victor Talking Machine Company (later known as RCA Victor).
The still-available recordings include a 1915 rendition of "A Perfect Day" by Carrie Jacobs-Bond (see inset).
# Harkonnen Chair

The Harkonnen Chairs are a series of H. R. Giger's furniture designs. They were manufactured by hand chiefly out of aluminium or black fiberglass and made to resemble a human skeleton. The chairs were initially designed for an unproduced movie version of the 1965 Frank Herbert science fiction novel Dune that was to be directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky in the 1970s. Baron Harkonnen is the villain of Herbert's novel.
The series consisted of a regular chair and a more elaborate "Capo" chair intended to be used as Baron Harkonnen's main chair. The most prominent feature of the Capo Chair is a crown of three noseless skulls stacked on top of each other in a column above the back of the chair. This feature is what distinguishes the Capo Chair from regular Harkonnen Chairs, which lack the triple skull crown as well as armrests. Giger sold replicas for $30,000 (fiberglass) to $50,000 (aluminium).
Versions of the regular Harkonnen Chairs are in use at the two Swiss Giger Bar locations.
* A complete set of chairs showing both the regular and "Capo" versions
* Harkonnen Chairs are used in Giger Bar in Gruyères.
# Acetanaerobacterium

Acetanaerobacterium is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).
The genus contains a single species, A. elongatum ( Chen and Dong 2004, sp. nov.).