OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Downpatrick (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

54°19′26″N 5°42′11″W﻿ / ﻿54.324°N 5.703°W﻿ / 54.324; -5.703
Downpatrick was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800.

## History

In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Downpatrick was not represented.

## Members of Parliament, 1586–1801

* 1613-1615: Richard Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt and Richard West
* 1634–1635: Edward Kynaston (died 1634) and William Billingsly
* 1639–1649: Mark Trevor and William Billingsly
* 1661–1666: Nicholas Ward and Daniel O'Neill

### 1689–1801

| Election | First member | First party | Second member | Second party |
| 1689 | Downpatrick was not represented in the Patriot Parliament | Downpatrick was not represented in the Patriot Parliament | Downpatrick was not represented in the Patriot Parliament | Downpatrick was not represented in the Patriot Parliament |
| 1692 | James Hamilton | | Nicholas Price | |
| 1695 | Sir John Magill, 1st Bt | | Francis Annesley | |
| 1703 | Mathew Forde | | Francis Annesley | |
| 1705 | Mathew Forde | | Isaac Manley | |
| 1713 | Mathew Forde | | Francis Annesley | |
| 1715 | Sir Emanuel Moore, 3rd Bt | | Thomas Medlycott | |
| 1727 | Edward Southwell | | Cromwell Price | |
| 1755 | Bowen Southwell | | Cromwell Price | |
| 1761 | Mathew Forde | | Hon. Francis Charles Annesley | |
| 1771 | Mathew Forde | | Clotworthy Rowley | |
| 1776 | Hon. Robert Henry Southwell | | Clotworthy Rowley | |
| 1783 | Hon. Hercules Rowley | | Clotworthy Rowley | |
| October 1783 | Andrew Caldwell | | Clotworthy Rowley | |
| 1790 | Jonathan Chetwood | | Clotworthy Rowley | |
| 1798 | Josias Rowley | | Clotworthy Rowley | |
| 1801 | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Downpatrick | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Downpatrick | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Downpatrick | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Downpatrick |
# Jornadas de Protesta Nacional

Jornadas de Protesta Nacional (lit. Days of National Protest) were a series of massive protests against the military dictatorship of Chile. The May 1983 protest was initially called by copper miners in northern Chile but grew to encompass large sectors of civil society. According to historians Gabriel Salazar and Julio Pinto it was the economic crisis of 1982 that triggered people to protests despite the severe repression of the Pinochet regime.
# Keshoraipatan Assembly constituency

Keshoraipatan is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India.
It is part of Bundi district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes. As of 2018, it is represented by C. L. Premi Bairwa of the Indian National Congress party.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Name | Party |
| 2008 | C. L. Premi Bairwa | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Baboo Lal Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | Chandrakanta Meghwal | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | C. L. Premi Bairwa | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 2018

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Keshoraipatan :
| Party | Party | Candidate |
| | BJP | Chandrakanta Meghwal |
| | NOTA | None of the Above |
| Majority | Majority | Majority |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout |
# 1913 Australasian Championships

The 1913 Australasian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Kitchener Park, Perth, Australia from 11 November to 15 November. It was the 9th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 2nd held in Perth, and the third Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles was won by Australian Ernie Parker.

## Finals
### Singles

Ernie Parker defeated Harry Parker 2–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2

### Doubles

Alf Hedeman / Ernie Parker defeated Harry Parker / Roy Taylor 8–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
# Microarthropods

Microarthropods (from Micro… and Arthropods) are a special size group of small invertebrates of the phylum arthropods. Their sizes (usually from one to several millimeters) determine their habitats (usually soils), ecological features and methods of study.

## Description

Microarthropods are able to move only within existing pores in the soil.
Microarthropods are a diverse, taxonomically separate group of small animals, including representatives of various classes and orders of arthropods. Here are their main characteristics and features:
Microarthropods include mainly the following groups:
* Soil and surface Collembola (or springtails)
* Soil mites: Oribatida, Mesostigmata, acariform mites and other small Arachnids
* Small centipedes
* Small insects and their larvae
* Small crustaceans.
Many species of microarthropods have not yet been described and require further study.
Sizes: from fractions of a millimeter to several millimeters.
The body, like all arthropods, is segmented (with jointed limbs).
Microarthropods are found almost everywhere, most often in fallen leaves, soil litter and upper soil layers. They play an important role in accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and forming the soil structure.
In water, they are part of the plankton or benthosa.
There are predatory and parasitic species.

## Significance

Microarthropods are an important and numerous group of organisms that play a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
Microarthropod communities are bioindicators of environmental assessment, as they are very sensitive to changes in ecosystems. Their study helps to better understand the processes occurring in nature and assess the state of the environment.
Microarthropods of soils (pedobionts) are studied by soil zoologists (collembologists, acarologists and others).
# Kaeshi-no-kata

Practice of Kaeshi no Kata (返の形, Forms of reversal) is almost entirely limited to Great-Britain, where until today it has been understood as a judo kata which, like the Gonosen-no-kata, focuses on counter-attacks to throwing techniques. The kata was commonly explained as being an older form than Gonosen-no-kata, that was passed on to Ōtani Masutarō from Tani Yukio.
It was recently shown, however, that the "kaeshi-no-kata" has no authentic basis as a kata, and is largely the result of a linguistic mix-up. "Kaeshi-kata", properly written 返へし方 rather than 返の形, and without the possessive particle の (no) was the title of a series of articles written in the 1920s by Takahashi-sensei from Waseda University in Tokyo. Nearly a dozen articles presented his pioneering work on the principles of counter-attacks to throwing techniques. These were loose techniques that were never intended for, or made into a kata form. However, without access to these sources or a thorough understanding of the author's intent, confusing the two homonymic and differently meaning kanji (方 versus 形, both pronounced "kata"), is not unlikely, and explains the absence of any existing primary sources evidencing the historic creation of a formal exercise with the name "kaeshi-kata" or "kaeshi-no-kata".
As judo in the early days was often popularized outside Japan by means of public demonstrations given by judo experts, many exercises were presented in demonstration form, several for which names were invented in Europe by residing Japanese, who often had some martial arts, but relatively little judo experience. Now that "kaeshi-(no)-kata" in reality has no basis as an existing kata, it is evident that it also is not and never has been an officially recognized Kodokan kata. However, in Britain, this "kata" exists in two forms with minor variations in order and techniques, but its practice is almost entirely limited to public demonstrations or judo rank promotion tests.

## Techniques

* Deashi harai countered by Tsubame gaeshi (i.e. Deashi harai countered by Deashi harai)
* Kouchi gari countered by Hiza Guruma
* Ouchi gari countered by Kosoto gari
* Osoto gari countered by Osoto guruma
* Kosoto gari countered by Tai otoshi
* Harai goshi countered by Ushiro goshi
* Hane goshi countered by Harai tsurikomi ashi
* Uchi mata countered by Uchi mata sukashi
* Koshi guruma countered by Utsuri goshi
* Ippon seoinage countered by Uki waza
Alternatively:
* Deashi harai countered by Deashi harai
* Ouchi gari countered by Ushiro goshi
* Kouchi gari countered by Okuriashi harai
* Osoto gari countered by Harai goshi
* Kosoto gari countered by Tai otoshi
* Hane goshi countered by Deashi harai
* Harai goshi countered by Ushiro goshi
* Uchi mata countered by Te waza
* Koshi guruma countered by Utsuri goshi
* Ippon seoinage countered by Uki waza
# Guillaume Crétin

Guillaume Cretin (c. 1460 – 30 November 1525) was a French coterie poet who is considered to belong to the network of the Grands Rhétoriqueurs ("rhetoricians"). He is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Guillaume Dubois, but this is a wordplay found in an epistle addressed to Jean Martin.
Cretin wrote in a wide variety of literary genres, including fixed-form lyrics (chants royaux, ballades, and rondeaux) as well as narrative verse. Cretin's poetic oeuvre was edited by Kathleen Chesney in 1932.

## Life

Cretin was treasurer of the Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes, then cantor of the Sainte-Chapelle de Paris and ordinary almoner to Francis I of France. Throughout his life, he composed numerous works for circulation at the royal court.

## Works

Cretin's works include many chants royaux which were composed for the puys, Northern French poetry competitions in honour of the Virgin Mary. These were praised by his contemporaries and often won awards. He was recognised as a master, notably by Jean Lemaire de Belges and Clément Marot. He is one of the great virtuosos of 'rime équivoquée' (for example, the Epistre à Honorat de la Jaille of circa 1510).
From 1515, Cretin started work on a verse chronicle of French history, the Grandes Chroniques de France, which remained unfinished at the time of his death. It was commissioned in 1515 by Francis I and is preserved today in six manuscripts.
Cretin's corpus also includes occasional verse. His last work, composed sometime between February and November 1525, is the Apparition du Mareschal sans reproche, feu Messire Jacques de Chabannes, en son vivant Mareschal de France, a lengthy dream vision commemorating Jacques II de Chabannes de La Palice who was killed at the Battle of Pavia in 1525.

## Afterlife

During his lifetime, Cretin published his poetry in manuscript format; only a small handful of his poems printed, likely without the poet's collaboration. When Cretin died in late November 1525, Parisian printers set out to gather together, arrange, and edit Cretin's works for posterity. This was the case of Galliot Du Pré, a prolific Parisian bookseller, who printed the first collected editions of Cretin's works in 1526 and 1527.
# Government Medical College, Nizamabad

Government Medical College also Nizamabad Medical College is a medical college located in Nizamabad, Telangana, India. It began its academic year from 2013 to 2014. It is affiliated to Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences.

## History

It received clearance from Medical Council of India to start its academic year from year 2013–14 with 100 seats for MBBS.
The college also has DNB Seats in various Broad speciality courses like General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Anesthesia and Paediatrics (updated as per July-17 session).
# Sasthamangalam

Sasthamangalam is a ward in the city of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
It is known for the Sasthamangalam Mahadevar Temple, one of the four major temples regularly visited by the Kings of Travancore, in the past. The road along which the king would descend from the royal chariot and walk to the temple is now known as Radhapura Kunnu Lane.
# Jasper (disambiguation)

Jasper is an opaque mineral.
Jasper or Jaspers may also refer to:

## Computing

* JasPer, a project to create an open-source implementation of the JPEG-2000 codec
* Tomcat Jasper, a software engine used by Apache Tomcat for JavaServer Pages
* Jasper, a hardware revision of Microsoft's Xbox 360 video game console
* Jasper Technologies, an American corporation that provides a cloud-based software platform for the Internet of Things
* Jasper Design Automation, an electronic design automation company, now part of Cadence Design Systems
* JasperReports, an open source Java reporting library

## Music

* "Jasper", a 1976 Jim Stafford song
* "Jasper", a 2008 song by Kaela Kimura from +1

## People and fictional characters

* Jasper (given name)
* Jasper (surname)
* Jasper (actor), Indian actor

## Places
### Australia

* Lake Jasper, a permanent freshwater lake in Western Australia

### Canada

* Jasper National Park
* Jasper, Alberta, a specialized municipality
** Jasper station, a Canadian National Railway station

### United States

* Jasper, Alabama, a city
* Jasper, Arkansas, a city
* Jasper, Florida, a city
* Jasper, Georgia, a city
* Jasper, Indiana, a city
* Jasper, Minnesota, a city
* Jasper, Missouri, a city
* Jasper, New York, a town
* Jasper, Ohio, an unincorporated community
* Jasper, Oregon, an unincorporated community
* Jasper, Tennessee, a town
* Jasper, Texas, a city
* Jasper, Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Jasper County, includes a list of U.S. counties with that name
* Jasper Creek (disambiguation)
* Jasper Township (disambiguation)
* Mount Jasper, a mountain in Colorado

## Other uses

* Cyclone Jasper, a tropical cyclone in Australia (2023)
* HMS Jasper, six ships of the Royal Navy
* Jasper High School (disambiguation), various American schools
* Jasper (San Francisco), a residential skyscraper
* Jasper ware, a type of fine pottery developed by Josiah Wedgwood
* Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research
* Jasper United, a Nigerian former football club based in the city of Onitsha
* A colloquial name for the common wasp in southern England and the English Midlands
* Jasper Ocean Terminal, a planned deepwater container port in South Carolina
* Manhattan Jaspers, the nicknames of the Manhattan College sports teams
* Jasper (film), a 2022 Indian Tamil-language drama film
# Silko

Silko was ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Nobatia. He is known for being the first Nubian king to adopt Christianity.
During Silko's reign Nobatia successfully defeated the Blemmyes to the North, and an inscription by Silko at the Temple of Kalabsha claims to have driven the Blemmyes into the Eastern Desert. The inscription on the temple was made in Greek suggesting that he was influenced by Byzantine culture. He established Pakhoras (modern Faras) as the Capital of the Kingdom. Nobatia officially converted to Coptic Orthodox Christianity under his reign.
# 1913 Svenska Mästerskapet final

The 1913 Svenska Mästerskapet final was played on 2 November 1913 between the thirteenth-time finalists Örgryte IS and the sixth-time finalists Djurgårdens IF. The match decided the winner of 1913 Svenska Mästerskapet, the football cup to determine the Swedish champions. Örgryte IS won their eleventh title with a 3–2 victory at Walhalla IP in Gothenburg.

## Route to the final
### Örgryte IS

Örgryte IS's route to the final :
| | Opponent | Result |
| PR | GAIS (H) | 7–2 |
| QF | Westermalms IF (H) | 5–0 |
| SF | AIK (H) | 1–1 |
| SF | AIK (A, replay) | 1–1 |
| SF | AIK (A, replay) | 5–1 |
Örgryte IS entered in the preliminary round and won 7–2 against GAIS at home on 1 August 1913. On 24 August 1913, Örgryte IS beat Westermalms IF in the quarter-final at home in Gothenburg, 5–0. The semi-final against AIK on 21 September 1913 home in Gothenburg ended in a 1–1 draw. The away-game replay in Stockholm on 28 September 1913, ended in a new draw, again 1–1. On 19 October 1913, Örgryte IS played the second replay against AIK, this time winning the away-game in Stockholm, 5–1.
Örgryte made their thirteenth appearance in a Svenska Mästerskapet final, having won eleven, including three against final opponents Djurgården in 1904, 1906 and 1909, and lost two, including the previous final to Djurgården.

### Djurgårdens IF

Djurgårdens IF's route to the final :
| | Opponent | Result |
| PR | Köpings IS (H) | 4–2 |
| QF | IFK Uppsala (H) | 2–1 |
| SF | Johanneshovs IF (H) | 5–1 |
Djurgårdens IF entered in the preliminary round on 3 August 1913, where they won, 4–2, against Köpings IS at home in Stockholm. On 24 August 1913, Djurgården won the quarter-final against IFK Uppsala, 2–1 at home. In the semi-final on 21 September 1913, Djurgården beat Johanneshovs IF, 5–1, at home.
Djurgården made their sixth Svenska Mästerskapet final and were reigning champions by winning the previous final against final opponents Örgryte IS, but had also lost to Örgryte on three occasions: in 1904, 1906 and 1909.

## Match details

| GK | Oskar Bengtsson |
| DF | Nelz H. Peterzéns |
| DF | Erik Bergström |
| MF | William Hagard |
| MF | Regis Palmers |
| MF | Fridolf Pettersson |
| FW | Herman Myhrberg |
| FW | Einar Johansson |
| FW | Albert Kristiansson |
| FW | Josef Appelgren |
| FW | Gösta Clark |
| GK | Karl Runn |
| DF | Einar Hemming |
| DF | Gösta Backlund |
| MF | Bertil Nordenskjöld |
| MF | Götrik Frykman |
| MF | Gösta Karlsson |
| FW | Victor Jansson |
| FW | Einar Olsson |
| FW | Melcher Johansson |
| FW | Karl Öhman |
| FW | Karl Karlstrand |
# Leiocephalus macropus

Leiocephalus macropus, commonly known as the Cuban side-blotched curlytail or Monte Verde curlytail lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Leiocephalidae (curly-tailed lizard). It is native to Cuba.
# Dungannon (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

54°30′11″N 6°46′12″W﻿ / ﻿54.503°N 6.770°W﻿ / 54.503; -6.770
Dungannon was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800.

## History

In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Dungannon was represented with two members.

## Members of Parliament, 1613–1801

| Election | First member | First party | | Second member | Second party |
| 1613 | Sir Garret Moore | | | Sir Hugh Pollerde | |
| 1634 | Sir Faithful Fortescue | | | John Perkins | |
| 1639 | John Chichester | | | Thomas Madden. died and repl. 1640 by Sir Phelim O'Neill | |
| 1661 | Sir Arthur Chichester | | | Sir Thomas Bramhall | |
| 1689 Patriot Parliament | Arthur O'Neill | | | Patrick Donnelly | |
| 1692 | John Hamilton | | | Sir Robert Staples, 4th Bt | |
| 1695 | John Hamilton | | | Thomas Knox | |
| September 1703 | Oliver St George | | | Thomas Knox | |
| 1703 | Edward Brice | | | Thomas Knox | |
| 1713 | Oliver St George | | | Thomas Knox | |
| 1727 | Oliver St George | | | Charles Echlin | |
| 1731 | Thomas Knox | | | Charles Echlin | |
| 1755 | Thomas Knox | | | Thomas Knox | |
| 1769 | John Knox | | | Thomas Knox | |
| 1776 | Charles O'Hara | | | Thomas Knox | |
| 1781 | Charles O'Hara | | | William Eden | |
| October 1783 | Edmund Sexton Pery | Patriot | | Hon. Thomas Knox | |
| 1783 | Lorenzo Moore | | | Hon. Thomas Knox | |
| 1790 | Hon. John Knox | | | Hon. George Knox | |
| 1794 | James Verner | | | Hon. George Knox | |
| 1798 | James Verner | | | Hon. Charles Knox | |
| 1799 | James Verner | | | Richard Fortescue Sharkey | |
| 1801 | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Dungannon | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Dungannon | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Dungannon | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Dungannon | Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Dungannon |
# 1844 Salvadoran presidential election

Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 5 February 1844. General Francisco Malespín ran unopposed and was elected by the legislature. Malespín was sworn in on 7 February 1844 and served until 15 February 1845, when he was deposed by his vice president Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party |
| | Francisco Malespín | Conservative/Military |
| Total |||
| Source: University of California, San Diego |||
# Donnie Gedling

Donald Joseph Gedling (December 9, 1939 – December 4, 2024) was an American politician who was the County Clerk for Breckinridge County, Kentucky and a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1984 to 1995, representing the 18th district. He was also a tobacco farmer from Breckinridge County, Kentucky.

## First election and early General Assembly work

Gedling was first elected in a January 1984 special election following the resignation of incumbent Mary Ann Tobin to become Kentucky Auditor of Public Accounts. Gedling was later elected to the Kentucky General Assembly in November 1984 when he ran unopposed as a Democrat from Hardinsburg, Kentucky. At the time, the district was composed of Breckinridge County as well as parts of Meade and Hancock Counties. He ran unopposed again in 1986 and 1988.
During this time he served on the House's Agricultural and Small Business Committee and the State Government Committee. He was the Vice Chairman of the Counties and Special Districts Committee. He also served as Chairman of the General Assembly's Tobacco Task Force.

## Later General Assembly work

In 1990, Gedling received his first challenge for his seat when Republican James Holbrook ran against him. He defeated Holbrook with 73 percent of the vote. In 1992, he again ran unopposed. By this time, parts of Hardin County had been added to the district.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s Gedling became known as a fierce defender of tobacco and smokers’ rights. In 1990 he was able to get a Smokers’ Bill of Rights bill passed by the Kentucky House of Representatives. During this time he was still the Chairman of the General Assembly's Tobacco Task Force. He was highly critical of the University of Louisville when it became the first state university in Kentucky to have smoking restrictions. He thought it was very hypocritical to take state funds (much of which came from the tobacco industry) and then try to ban the product from areas of campus.
In Gedling's later terms he was a member of the Joint Committee on Agricultural and Natural Resources; the Joint Committee on Counties, Special Districts, and Local Government; the Joint Committee on State Government; the Tobacco Task Force; and a sub-committee for rural fire protection. .
In 1994, Gedling retired and his son, Joey, lost the election to Republican Dwight Butler, 55 percent to 45 percent.

## Post-political career

Gedling set up a scholarship in his name for any students from Breckinridge or Hancock counties in Kentucky who attend Brescia University in Owensboro, Kentucky.
Gedling died in Owensboro on December 4, 2024, at the age of 84.