OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chunja, Rapti

Chunja is a town and Village Development Committee in Pyuthan, a Middle Hills district of Rapti Zone, western Nepal.

## Villages in VDC

| | | Ward | Lat. | Lon | Elev. |
| Arauti | अरौटी | 2 | 28°05'N | 82°57'E | 1,290 |
| Arbang | अर्बाङ | 1 | 28°05'N | 82°57'E | 1,470 |
| Barthum | बारथुम | 2 | 28°06'N | 82°57'E | 1,330 |
| Bhainsamare | भैंसामारे | 6 | 28°04'N | 82°58'E | 1,018 |
| Birauta | बिरौटा | 5 | 28°04'N | 82°58'E | 950 |
| Chaduli | चदुली | | 28°06'N | 82°58'E | 1,925 |
| Chiuriya Bagar | चिउरिया बगर | 5 | 28°04'N | 82°58'E | 1,050 |
| Chunja | चुँजा | 8 / 9 | 28°04'N | 82°57'E | 1,410 |
| Chujakharka | चुँजाखर्क | 6 | 28°04'N | 82°58'E | 1,110 | Chitredanda | Darimkharka | दारिमखर्क | | 28°05'N | 82°56'E | 1,410 |
| Dharedhunga | धरेढुङ्गा | | 28°06'N | 82°58'E | 1,418 |
| Gaira | गैरा | 6 | 28°06'N | 82°59'E | 1,690 |
| Harthunga | हर्थुङ्गा | | 28°06'N | 82°58'E | 1,732 |
| Khaniyokhola gaun | खनियोखोलागाउँ | 8 | 28°04'N | 82°57'E | 1,008 |
| Kharindanda | खरिनडाँडा | 7 | 28°03'N | 82°57'E | 1,050 |
| Khoriyabari | खोरियाबारी | | 28°06'N | 82°59'E | 1,650 |
| Lukka | लुक्का | 3 | 28°06'N | 83°00'E | 1,680 |
| Madukare | मदुकरे | 8 | 28°03'N | 82°57'E | 930 |
| Majhpani | माझपानी | | 28°06'N | 82°59'E | 1,935 |
| Marung | मरुङ | 5 | 28°05'N | 82°58'E | 1,035 |
| Paderakhola gaun | पदेराखोलागाउँ | | 28°04'N | 82°57'E | 1,130 |
| Padime | पदिमे | | 28°06'N | 82°59'E | 1,710 |
| Rajme | राज्मे | | 28°03'N | 82°58'E | 1,225 |
| Salhanna | सलहान्ना | | 28°06'N | 82°59'E | 1,818 |
| Salithum | सालिथुम | | 28°06'N | 82°59'E | 1,635 |
| Sindure | सिँदुरे | | 28°06'N | 82°58'E | 1,912 |
| Siute | सिउते | 6 | 28°04'N | 82°58'E | 1,259 |
| Syani Lekh | स्यानी लेख | 1 | 28°05'N | 82°56'E | 1,636 |
| Tham | थाम | | 28°05'N | 82°59'E | 1,590 |
| Thulachaur | ठूलाचौर | | 28°06'N | 83°00'E | 1,910 |
| Todke | टोड्के | | 28°06'N | 82°58'E | 1,910 | Upallo Rajime | उपल्लो राजिमे | | 28°04'N | 82°58'E | 1,496 |
# Laschamp event

The Laschamp or Laschamps, also termed the Adams event, was a geomagnetic excursion (a short reversal of the Earth's magnetic field). It occurred between 42,200 and 41,500 years ago, during the end of the Last Glacial Period. It was discovered from geomagnetic anomalies found in the Laschamps and Olby lava flows near Clermont-Ferrand, France in the 1960s.
The Laschamp event was the first known geomagnetic excursion and remains the most thoroughly studied among the known geomagnetic excursions.

## Background and effects

Since its discovery, the magnetic excursion has been demonstrated in geological archives from many parts of the world. The transition from the normal field to the reversed field lasted approximately 250 years, while the magnetic field remained reversed for approximately 440 years. During the transition, Earth's magnetic field declined to a minimum of 5% of its current strength, and was at about 25% of its current strength when fully reversed. This reduction in geomagnetic field strength resulted in more cosmic rays reaching the Earth, causing greater production of the cosmogenic isotopes beryllium-10 and carbon-14, a decrease in atmospheric ozone, and changes in atmospheric circulation.
This loss of the geomagnetic shield is claimed to have contributed to the extinction of Australian megafauna, the extinction of the Neanderthals and the appearance of cave art. However, the lack of corroborating evidence of a causal link between the Laschamp event and population bottlenecks of many megafauna species, and the relatively moderate radio-isotopic changes during the event, have cast significant doubt on the real impact of the Laschamp event on global environmental changes.
Because it occurred approximately 42,000 years ago, the period has been termed the Adams Event or Adams Transitional Geomagnetic Event, a tribute to science fiction writer Douglas Adams, who wrote in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy that "42" was the answer to life, the universe and everything.

## Research

The Australian Research Council is funding research to analyze a kauri tree found in New Zealand in 2019. Radiocarbon dating reveals that the tree was alive from 42,500–41,000 years ago, within the timeframe of the event.
# Sevasti Todua

Sevasti Todua (born 13 May 1976) is a Georgian former professional footballer who made six appearances for the Georgia national team.
# 1922 FA Charity Shield

The 1922 Football Association Charity Shield was played on 10 May 1922. The game was played at Old Trafford, home of Manchester United, and was contested by the FA Cup holders Huddersfield Town and First Division champions Liverpool. The game ended in a 1–0 win for Huddersfield Town with the winning goal scored by Tom Wilson. This was the last Charity Shield game to take place in May.

## Match details

Sandy Mutch :
| | 2 | James Wood |
| | 3 | Sam Wadsworth |
| | 4 | Charlie Slade |
| | 5 | Tom Wilson (c) |
| | 6 | Billy Watson |
| | 7 | George Richardson |
| | 8 | Frank Mann |
| | 9 | Ernie Islip |
| | 10 | Clem Stephenson |
| | 11 | Billy Smith |
| Manager: |||
| Herbert Chapman |||
Elisha Scott :
| | 2 | Ephraim Longworth |
| | 3 | Donald McKinlay (c) |
| | 4 | Jock McNab |
| | 5 | Walter Wadsworth |
| | 6 | Tom Bromilow |
| | 7 | Bill Lacey |
| | 8 | Dick Forshaw |
| | 9 | Harry Chambers |
| | 10 | Harry Beadles |
| | 11 | Fred Hopkin |
| Manager: |||
| David Ashworth |||
# KQCO

KQCO (89.5 FM) was a radio station licensed to serve Esterbrook, Wyoming, United States. The station was owned by Cedar Cove Broadcasting.

## History

The station was assigned the call letters KEZG on February 6, 2008. On July 3, 2008, the station changed its call sign to KGCY; on November 15, 2010, it took its present KQCO call sign. The station filed for a license to cover its construction permit on January 5, 2011; however, on March 23, the station left the air due to problems with its programming source. KQCO returned to the air on March 20, 2012; two days later, it again signed off citing snow and ice damage to the solar power array at its Laramie Peak transmitter site. It again returned on March 20, 2013, but shut down again five days later due to continued repairs to the solar power array.
KQCO's owners surrendered the station's license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on March 31, 2014; the FCC cancelled the license on April 1, 2014.
# Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth

Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth is a civil parish in Cumbria, England, historically part of Cumberland. It lies north of Bassenthwaite Lake, in the Lake District and near its northern edge.
According to the 2001 census it had a population of 40 who live in 1,534 acres (621 ha). At the 2011 Census it was measured that the population was still less than 100.
According to Bulmer's History & Directory Of Cumberland (1901); "Snittlegarth ... is supposed to have been formerly a village of considerable magnitude. The word "Snittlegarth" is thought to signify an enclosure".

## Governance

Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth is part of the parliamentary constituency of Penrith and Solway.
For Local Government purposes it is in the Cumberland Unitary Authority area.
There is no parish council, only an annual parish meeting.
# Chunky sandals

Chunky sandals are popular, often minimalistic styles of open-toe footwear. Chunky sandals feature thicker, more robust soles, often with platforms or exaggerated treads. Built with thick soles and durable straps, sometimes adjustable straps often secured with hook-and-loop fasteners, they give support and stability on uneven terrains.

## History

Chunky sandals are influenced by alternative fashion styles. Brands like Dr. Martens and Buffalo became one of the first to produce chunky sandals, incorporating thick soles and rugged designs.
In the 2010s and 2020s, chunky sandals became popular again, being accompanied by the "ugly shoe" trend where unconventional and exaggerated footwear became fashionable.

## Design and materials

Chunky sandals feature wide straps, various design elements, thick soles, etc.

### Types of Chunky sandals

Source:
* Platform Sandals: Elevated soles that add uniform height across the footbed.
* Sport Sandals: Designed for outdoor activities, with thick soles and adjustable straps; examples include Teva and Chacos sandals.
* Dad Sandals: Characterized by their bulky appearance, velcro straps, and emphasis on comfort; popularized in recent fashion trends.

## Chunky sandals

Brands like Balenciaga, Prada, and Gucci have included chunky sandals in their collections, pairing them with both casual and high-fashion ensembles. The sandals have been alsopopularized by celebrities and influencers.
# Hopes and Impediments

Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays, 1965–1987 is collection of essays by Chinua Achebe, published in 1988.
Several of the essays caution against generalizing all African people into a monolithic culture, or using Africa as a facile metaphor. The opening essay, "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", challenged the prevailing opinions in the west about Joseph Conrad's depiction of African people. He also discusses several notable authors and shares his opinion on the role of writers and writing in cultures. In a contemporary review, Chris Dunton wrote: "The essays in his new book remind us also how tough-minded, how properly insistent, he can be in exposing false and demeaning ideas about Africa and its culture." The book is dedicated to Professor Michael Thelwell.

## Contents

* "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness"
* "Impediments to Dialogue Between North and South"
* "Named for Victoria, Queen of England"
* "The Novelist as Teacher"
* "The Writer and His Community"
* "The Igbo World and Its Art"
* "Colonialist Criticism"
* "Thoughts on the African Novel"
* "Work and Play in Tutuola’s The Palm-Wine Drinkard"
* "Don’t Let Him Die: A Tribute to Christopher Okigbo"
* "Kofi Awoonor as Novelist"
* "Language and the Destiny of Man"
* "The Truth of Fiction"
* "What Has Literature Got To Do With It?"
* "Postscript: James Baldwin (1924-1987)"
# 1922 World Hard Court Championships

The 1922 World Hard Court Championships (WHCC) (French: Championnats du Monde de Tennis sur Terre Battue) was the sixth edition of the World Hard Court Championships tennis tournament, considered as the precursor to the French Open. For the first time, the Championships were not held in Paris, but instead on the clay courts of the Royal Léopold Club in Brussels, Belgium, from 13 until 21 May 1922.
For the second year in a row, Suzanne Lenglen won the singles, doubles and mixed doubles events.

## Finals
### Men's singles

Henri Cochet defeated Manuel de Gomar, 6–0, 2–6, 4–6, 6–1, 6–2

### Women's singles

Suzanne Lenglen defeated Elizabeth Ryan, 6–3, 6–2

### Men's doubles

Jean Borotra / Henri Cochet defeated Marcel Dupont / Nicolae Mişu, 6–8, 6–1, 6–2, 6–3

### Women's doubles

Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan defeated Winifred Beamish / Kitty McKane, 6–0, 6–4

### Mixed doubles

Henri Cochet / Suzanne Lenglen defeated Brian Gilbert / Geraldine Beamish, 6–4, 4–6, 6–0
# Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai

Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai (5 April 1901 – 31 August 1950) was an Indian mathematician specialising in number theory. His contribution to Waring's problem was described in 1950 by K. S. Chandrasekharan as "almost certainly his best piece of work and one of the very best achievements in Indian Mathematics since Ramanujan".

## Biography

Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai was born to parents Subbayya Pillai and Gomati Ammal. His mother died a year after his birth and his father when Pillai was in his last year at school.
Pillai did his intermediate course and B.Sc. Mathematics in the Scott Christian College at Nagercoil and managed to earn a B.A. degree from Maharaja's college, Trivandrum.
In 1927, Pillai was awarded a research fellowship at the University of Madras to work among professors K. Ananda Rau and Ramaswamy S. Vaidyanathaswamy. He was from 1929 to 1941 at Annamalai University where he worked as a lecturer. It was in Annamalai University that he did his major work in Waring's problem. In 1941 he went to the University of Travancore and a year later to the University of Calcutta as a lecturer (where he was at the invitation of Friedrich Wilhelm Levi).
For his achievements he was invited in August 1950, for a year to visit the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, United States. He was also invited to participate in the International Congress of Mathematicians at Harvard University as a delegate of the Madras University but he died during the crash of TWA Flight 903 in Egypt on the way to the conference.

## Contributions

He proved the Waring's problem for $k\geq 6$ in 1935 under the further condition of $(3^{k}+1)/(2^{k}-1)\leq [1.5^{k}]+1$ ahead of Leonard Eugene Dickson who around the same time proved it for $k\geq 7.$
He showed that $g(k)=2^{k}+l-2$ where $l$ is the largest natural number $\leq (3/2)^{k}$ and hence computed the precise value of $g(6)=73$.
The Pillai sequence 1, 4, 27, 1354, ..., is a quickly growing integer sequence in which each term is the sum of the previous term and a prime number whose following prime gap is larger than the previous term. It was studied by Pillai in connection with representing numbers as sums of prime numbers.
# Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2022

Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2022 was the fifth iteration of Europe's Biggest Dance Show, a multi-nation dance music simulcast hosted by BBC Radio 1, in collaboration with European radio stations 1LIVE, FM4, Fritz, NPO 3FM, NRK mP3, RTÉ 2FM, Studio Brussel, SR P3, YleX, and for the first time, Radio Promin of Ukrainian national broadcasting company UA:PBC.

## Background

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) announced on 5 October 2022 that the fifth iteration of Europe's Biggest Dance Show would take place on 14 October.
The simulcast started at 18:30 BST, with Danny Howard introducing for BBC Radio 1 in London. As was the case for the 2021 iteration of the simulcast, each radio station contributed 30 minutes of dance music from their respective country. Each radio station sent their feeds to Broadcasting House in London, where they were mixed by BBC senior technical producer Dan Morris before being sent back to the radio stations for broadcast.
NPO 3FM from the Netherlands returned after withdrawing from the 2021 iteration, while Ukraine's Radio Promin contributed for the first time.
   * Dan Morris @DanDJMorris
   Back at the controls of Europe’s Biggest Dance Show tonight from 18:30BST
   1830 🇬🇧 @BBCR1 1900 🇳🇴 @NRKno MP3 1930 🇩🇪 @1LIVE 2000 🇩🇪 @fritz_offiziell 2030 🇸🇪 @sverigesradio P3 2100 🇮🇪 @RTE2fm 2130 🇧🇪 @stubru 2200 🇦🇹 @radiofm4 2230 🇫🇮 @ylex 2300 🇳🇱 @npo3fm 2330 🇺🇦 @suspilne_news Radio Promin

## Running order

| Time (BST) | Country of origin | Radio station | DJ | Presenter |
| 18:30 | United Kingdom | BBC Radio 1 | Dusky | Danny Howard |
| 19:00 | Norway | NRK mP3 | Broiler | Abiel Tesfai |
| 19:30 | Germany | 1LIVE | Topic | Jan-Christian Zeller [de] |
| 20:00 | Germany | Fritz [de] | Gheist [de] | Bruno Dietel |
| 20:30 | Sweden | SR P3 | Bella Boo | Samir Yosufi |
| 21:00 | Ireland | RTÉ 2FM | Jenny Greene | Jenny Greene |
| 21:30 | Belgium | Studio Brussel | Amber Broos | Amber Broos |
| 22:00 | Austria | FM4 | Joyce Muniz [de] | DJ Functionist |
| 22:30 | Finland | YleX | DJ Orion [fi] | DJ Orion [fi] |
| 23:00 | Netherlands | NPO 3FM | Oliver Heldens | Rámon Verkoeijen [nl] |
| 23:30 | Ukraine | Radio Promin [uk] | Victoria Polchenko DJ Leo Levsky | Denis Denisenko |
# Gilmore Oil Company

The Gilmore Oil Company was an independent oil company in California which was founded by Arthur Fremont Gilmore after he struck oil on his dairy farm in the Fairfax district of Los Angeles around 1903. His son, Earl Bell Gilmore, took over the family business and expanded its distribution network which, at its peak, operated over three thousand gas stations on the West Coast. He increased advertising and sponsorships to promote the company.

## History

Arthur Fremont Gilmore moved to California in the 1870s and, with another farmer Julius Carter, established a dairy farm in Compton. In 1880, they acquired a 256-acre (104 ha) tract of James Thompson, who had gone bankrupt, and established another dairy farm. In 1890, Gilmore's partnership with Carter was dissolved and they drew straws to divide their farms – Gilmore got the property. He lived with his family in the adobe farmhouse there and, around 1903, drilled for water so that he could expand their dairy herd. Instead of water, he struck oil. This find was part of the substantial Salt Lake Oil Field and the farm was converted to oil production. The A. F. Gilmore Oil Co. initially sold the petroleum and tar for lubrication and paving, but Gilmore saw the potential of the automobile and started refining the crude oil into gasoline.
Arthur Gilmore died in 1918 and his son, Earl Bell Gilmore, took charge. He had initially sold gasoline from a horse-drawn tanker at the corner of La Brea Avenue and Wilshire Boulevard and this became the site of the first Gilmore gasoline station. E. B. Gilmore expanded the business, establishing over three thousand more gas stations on the west coast. His methods included energetic advertising and promotion. He created the branding for Red Lion gasoline with the slogan "Roar with Gilmore" and sponsored daredevils like Roscoe Turner, who flew with Gilmore, the flying lion, and John Cobb who drove the Railton Red Lion to set a land speed record of 369.7 miles per hour (595.0 km/h).
The Gilmore property was named Gilmore Island and a variety of other businesses were established there. Gilmore Island was a county island (unincorporated Los Angeles County) for many years but was incorporated into the city of Los Angeles by 1950. The Original Farmers Market at 3rd & Fairfax was established in 1934 and this still exists today as a major attraction at "3rd and Fairfax". The Gilmore Stadium was established at the same time. This initially hosted midget car racing and then added boxing matches and the Los Angeles Bulldogs football team. Gilmore Field was opened as the home of the baseball team, the Hollywood Stars. Other attractions on Gilmore Island included specialty shops at The Dell, a drive-in theater and the Pan-Pacific Auditorium.
In the 1940s, 75% of the shares in the oil company were acquired by the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company and it was then merged into that group which became Mobil. In 2006 the A.F. Gilmore Company regained control of all of the original Gilmore art licenses.
# At the Sign of the Jack O'Lantern

At the Sign of the Jack O'Lantern is a 1922 American silent comedy drama film directed by Lloyd Ingraham, who co-wrote the film adaption with David Kirkland. It stars Betty Ross Clarke, Earl Schenck, and Wade Boteler. The film is today considered lost.
The screenplay was based on the eponymous novel by Myrtle Reed, who also wrote cookbooks under the pen name Olivia Green and committed suicide in 1911.

## Plot

Harlan Carr and his wife are left $600 and a country home called "The Jack O'Lantern" in New England by his uncle's will. The will provides that a future legacy will come to him if he lives in the estate for six months. Carr and his wife take up residence in the home, where all kinds of ghostly events take place to frighten them out. A group of guests arrive who were all disinherited relatives to his uncle, and they try to take over. They quickly make life miserable for the couple, who tolerate them and their unpleasantness only out of fear of losing the legacy. At last Harlan loses all patience and orders them from the house. Then, unexpectedly, the family lawyer informs the Carrs that having done exactly as their uncle had wished they would, they will be rewarded with the remainder of their uncle's money.

## Cast

* Betty Ross Clarke as Mrs. Carr
* Earl Schenck as Harlan Carr
* Wade Boteler as Dick
* Victor Potel as The poet
* Clara Clark Ward as Mrs. Dodd
* Monte Collins as Jeremiah Bradford
* William Courtright as Uncle Skyles
* Mrs. Raymond Hatton as Mrs. Holmes
* Newton Hall as Willie
* Zella Ingraham as Elaine

## Reviews and reception

A review in Moving Picture World from January 1922, said that Ingraham "has given the screen an entertaining production". The review gave positive reviews for the acting, noting that it "goes a long way toward lending plausibility to a number of events which are somewhat amazing, but which, nevertheless, are not too far fetched to seem possible". A review in The Film Daily from 1922, said the story was "built up with much detail and some amusing comedy...but lacks plot and drama". The review was positive about the direction of Ingraham, stating that he "keeps things moving and handles players well".
# Jayro Bustamante

Jayro Bustamante (; born 7 May 1977) is a Guatemalan film director and screenwriter. He directed the 2015 film Ixcanul, which was selected as the Guatemalan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards. He was named on the jury for the Best First Feature Award at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Personal life

Bustamante grew up in the highlands of Guatemala and identifies as mestizo.

## Filmography

* Ixcanul - 2015
* Tremors (Temblores) - 2019
* La Llorona - 2019
* Rita - 2024
# Johnny Kelly

Johnny Kelly (born March 9, 1968) is an American musician, best known as the former drummer of gothic metal band Type O Negative. He is the current drummer for the bands Silvertomb, Kill Devil Hill, Eyeam, Danzig, and Quiet Riot.

## Career

Kelly joined Type O Negative in 1994 to replace Sal Abruscato. During an online interview, Kelly denied the oft-claimed rumour he had previously been the band's drum tech. Kelly recorded the albums October Rust (1996), World Coming Down (1999), Life is Killing Me (2003), and Dead Again (2007) with the band, as well as the Black Sabbath cover "Paranoid" included as a bonus track on the reissue of the band's second album The Origin of the Feces (1994).
Kelly served as a fill-in drummer for heavy metal band Pist.On on an American tour while their drummer, Jeff McManus, dealt with chronic muscle pain.
On February 25, 2011, it was announced that Kelly would be replacing Will Hunt as the drummer for Black Label Society for the remainder of their European tour. He made his first live performance with the band that night at La Cigale in Paris, France.
On March 10, 2014, it was announced that Vinny Appice had left Kill Devil Hill, and that Kelly was his replacement.
On January 29, 2018, it was announced via the band's website that A Pale Horse Named Death had recruited Tommy Spano of Living Colour lead vocalist Corey Glover's solo band and Sekond Skyn as the new drummer, replacing Kelly. On April 5, 2018, it was announced that Kelly was once again the band's drummer, but since has been replaced again by Spano for the band's latest album Letting Go (2023).
Kelly has been the drummer for original Misfits vocalist Glenn Danzig's eponymous solo band Danzig since 2002 (with the exception of a hiatus from 2003 to 2005), and recorded drums for the band's ninth album Deth Red Sabaoth (2010), covers album Skeletons (2015), and two tracks on the album Black Laden Crown (2017).
On September 9, 2020, it was announced that Kelly had joined Quiet Riot as the replacement of deceased drummer Frankie Banali. Kelly had previously filled in for Banali on the band's 2019 and 2020 shows.

## Discography

Type O Negative
* The Origin of the Feces (Reissue) (1994) - ("Paranoid" only)
* October Rust (1996)
* World Coming Down (1999)
* Life is Killing Me (2003)
* Dead Again (2007)
Danzig
* Deth Red Sabaoth (2010)
* Skeletons (Danzig album) (2015) - (drums on tracks 1, 2, 4, 5 & 9)
* Black Laden Crown (2017) - (drums on tracks 1 & 5)
Seven Witches
* Rebirth (2013)
* The Way of The Wicked (2015)
Silvertomb
* Edge of Existence (2019)
Seventh Void
* Heaven is Gone (2009)
Kill Devil Hill
* Seas of Oblivion (2023)
Rex Brown
* Smoke on this... (2017)
Roadrunner United
* Blood and Flames (2005) - (drums on track 13)
Patriarchs In Black Reach For The Scars 2022 My Veneration 2023 Visioning 2024 Covered In Black 2024 Home 2025