# Kutai Kartanegara Regency

Kutai Kartanegara Regency (abbreviated as Kukar) is a regency of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It has a land area of 27,263.10 km$^2$ and a water area of 4,097 km$^2$, geographically located between 1°18′40″S and 116°31′36″E. The population of the regency was 626,286 at the 2010 Census and 729,382 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 788,113. The town of Tenggarong is the capital of the regency.
The regency includes the middle and lower reaches of the Mahakam River, the longest river in East Kalimantan, including its extensive delta. The city of Samarinda is situated on the river, about 48 km (30 miles) from its mouth; it is an administrative enclave within the regency, which thus contains much of the metropolitan area of Samarinda.
In 2019, President Joko Widodo proclaimed that the new national capital of Indonesia would be built in an area partly in the Kutai Kartanegara Regency and partly in the adjacent Penajam North Paser Regency and that the construction process would set off around 2024.

## History

Kutai Kartanegara Regency lies in the historical region of Kutai, home to the first and oldest Hindu kingdom of Indonesia, the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom founded in the 4th century CE by King Kudungga.
From 1953 until 1960, it was known as Special Region of Kutai.

## Administrative districts

Kutai Kartanegara Regency is divided into twenty districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid-2023. The newly formed Kota Bangun Darat and West Samboja districts were split from Kota Bangun and Samboja districts respectively on 5 March 2021.
The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of villages in each district (totaling 44 urban kelurahan and 193 rural desa), and its postcode(s).
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km$^2$ | Pop'n Census 2010 | Pop'n Census 2020 | Pop'n Estimate mid 2023 | Admin centre | No. of villages | Post codes |
| 64.02.01 | Muara Muntai $^{(f)}$ | 928.60 | 17,315 | 19,396 | 21,234 | Muara Muntai Ilir | 13 | 75562 |
| 64.02.02 | Loa Kulu $^{(f)}$ | 1,405.70 | 39,938 | 51,639 | 56,492 | Loh Sumber | 15 | 75571 |
| 64.02.03 | Loa Janan | 644.20 | 56,071 | 67,471 | 76,051 | Loa Janan Ulu | 8 | 75391 |
| 64.02.04 | Anggana $^{(k)}$ | 1,798.80 | 32,688 | 33,416 | 38,674 | Sungai Meriam | 8 | 75381 $^{(l)}$ |
| 64.02.05 | Muara Badak $^{(m)}$ | 781.52 | 39,834 | 46,656 | 50,435 | Muara Badak Ulu | 13 | 75382 |
| 64.02.06 | Tenggarong $^{(h)}$ | 423.92 | 96,209 | 106,480 | 114,039 | Melayu | 14 $^{(i)}$ | 75511 - 75517 |
| 64.02.07 | Sebulu | 859.50 | 36,420 | 40,925 | 42,906 | Sebulu Ilir | 14 | 75552 |
| 64.02.08 | Kota Bangun | 661.74 | 31,292 | 36,655 | 23,839 | Kota Bangun Ulu | 11 | 75561 |
| 64.02.09 | Kenohan | 1,302.20 | 9,861 | 11,588 | 12,346 | Kahala | 9 | 75564 |
| 64.02.10 | Kembang Janggut | 2,160.90 | 23,817 | 25,810 | 26,620 | Kembang Janggut | 11 | 75557 |
| 64.02.11 | Muara Kaman | 3,410.10 | 33,909 | 45,885 | 46,309 | Muara Kaman Ulu | 20 | 75553 |
| 64.02.12 | Tabang | 7,715.11 | 9,908 | 11,457 | 13,277 | Sidomulyo | 19 | 75558 |
| 64.02.13 | Samboja | 284.93 | 54,515 | 66,617 | 41,607 | Kampung Lama | 13 $^{(a)}$ | 75271, 76276, 75277, 75279 |
| 64.02.14 | Muara Jawa $^{(c)}$ | 619.16 | 33,923 | 41,561 | 44,070 | Muara Jawa Ulu | 8 $^{(d)}$ | 75261 - 75267 |
| 64.02.15 | Sanga-Sanga | 233.40 | 17,588 | 19,728 | 20,969 | Sanga-Sanga Dalam | 5 $^{(e)}$ | 75251 - 75256 |
| 64.02.16 | Tenggarong Seberang $^{(j)}$ | 443.40 | 61,441 | 67,877 | 73,060 | Manunggal Jaya | 18 | 75572 |
| 64.02.17 | Marang Kayu | 866.20 | 23,394 | 26,823 | 29,244 | Sebuntal | 11 | 75385 |
| 64.02.18 | Muara Wis | 1,108.16 | 8,557 | 9,398 | 10,173 | Muara Wis | 7 | 75559 |
| 64.02.19 | Kota Bangun Darat | 482.00 | $^{(g)}$ | $^{(g)}$ | 14,468 | Kedang Ipil | 10 | 75561 |
| 64.02.20 | West Samboja | 415.92 | $^{(b)}$ | $^{(b)}$ | 31,513 | Tani Bakti | 10 $^{(a)}$ | 75271 - 75274 |
| | Totals | 27,263.10 | 626,286 | 729,382 | 788,113 | Tenggarong | 237 | |
Notes: (a) included in the figures for Samboja District, from which it was split off in 2021. (b) including 14 offshore islands. (c) including one offshore island. (d) included in the figures for Kota Bangun District, from which it was split off in 2021. (e) including the riverine island of Pulau Kumala in the Mahakam River (linked to Tenggarong town by a footbridge). (f) comprising 12 urban kelurahan (Baru, Bukit Biru, Jahab, Loa Ipuh, Loa Ipuh Darat, Loa Tebu, Maluhu, Mangkurawang, Melayu, Panji, Sukarame and Timbau) and 2 rural desa. (g) including the riverine island of Pulau Yupa in the Mahakam River. (h) including 32 offshore islands, and mainly comprising the extensive delta of the Mahakam River. (i) except the desa of Sidomulyo, which has a postcode of 76131. (j) including 6 offshore islands.

## Bukit Bangkirai rainforest

Bukit Bangkirai (Bangkirai Hill) is a 1,500-hectare natural tropical located about 58 kilometres (around 45 minutes by car) from the city of Balikpapan. Plants of the family Dipterocarpaceae dominate in the area, especially Bangkirai trees (Shorea laevis of the genus Shorea) growing to 40–50 metres in height. There are over 120 bird species as well as gibbons (Müller's Bornean gibbon), macaque monkeys (Southern pig-tailed macaques, Crab-eating macaques), Maroon leaf monkeys, Banded pigs, and Banggai crows. Black Orchids (Coelogyne pandurata), among 45 kinds of orchids, are endemic to Bukit Bangkirai.
To visit the forest, visitors can walk along a 64-metre canopy bridge that connects five big Bangkirai trees 30 metres above the ground.

## Mangrove information, research center

In 2011, East Kalimantan province developed an 18-hectare plot of land for mangrove information and research center in Sepatin village, in Anggana District, as Bali has done. It will function as a research, exhibition, information, breeding as well as education center on mangroves, especially in the Mahakam Delta.

## Smart city

In early 2015 it was announced that part of Kutai Kartanegara Regency had been selected to be a trial 'smart city', the first in Indonesia, based on the Fujisawa Sustainable Smart Town (SST) concept. The aim of the SST concept was to reduce CO$_2$ emissions by 70 percent and reduce consumption of water by 30 percent. The Kutai Kartanegara area was chosen as a trial area because of good investment growth in the region, the extensive area, relatively moderate levels of population density, effective planning in the area, and rich energy resources.