OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of European number-one hits of 1981

This is a list of the Europarade number-one singles of 1981.
| Date | Song | Artist |
| 1 January | "Super Trouper" | ABBA |
| 8 January | "Super Trouper" | ABBA |
| 15 January | "Super Trouper" | ABBA |
| 22 January | "Super Trouper" | ABBA |
| 29 January | "Super Trouper" | ABBA |
| 5 February | "Super Trouper" | ABBA |
| 12 February | "(Just Like) Starting Over" | John Lennon |
| 19 February | "(Just Like) Starting Over" | John Lennon |
| 26 February | "(Just Like) Starting Over" | John Lennon |
| 5 March | "(Just Like) Starting Over" | John Lennon |
| 12 March | "Woman In Love" | Barbra Streisand |
| 19 March | "Woman In Love" | Barbra Streisand |
| 26 March | "Shaddap You Face" | Joe Dolce Music Theatre |
| 2 April | "Shaddap You Face" | Joe Dolce Music Theatre |
| 9 April | "Shaddap You Face" | Joe Dolce Music Theatre |
| 16 April | "Shaddap You Face" | Joe Dolce Music Theatre |
| 23 April | "Shaddap You Face" | Joe Dolce Music Theatre |
| 30 April | "Shaddap You Face" | Joe Dolce Music Theatre |
| 7 May | "Making Your Mind Up" | Bucks Fizz |
| 14 May | "Making Your Mind Up" | Bucks Fizz |
| 21 May | "Making Your Mind Up" | Bucks Fizz |
| 28 May | "Making Your Mind Up" | Bucks Fizz |
| 4 June | "Stand and Deliver" | Adam & The Ants |
| 11 June | "Stand and Deliver" | Adam & The Ants |
| 18 June | "Stars on 45" | Stars on 45 |
| 25 June | "Stars on 45" | Stars on 45 |
| 2 July | "Bette Davis Eyes" | Kim Carnes |
| 9 July | "Bette Davis Eyes" | Kim Carnes |
| 16 July | "Bette Davis Eyes" | Kim Carnes |
| 23 July | "Bette Davis Eyes" | Kim Carnes |
| 30 July | "Chequered Love" | Kim Wilde |
| 9 August | "Bette Davis Eyes" | Kim Carnes |
| 16 August | "Stars on 45 Vol. 2" | Stars on 45 |
| 23 August | "Stars on 45 Vol. 2" | Stars on 45 |
| 30 August | "Stars on 45 Vol. 2" | Stars on 45 |
| 6 September | "Stars on 45 Vol. 2" | Stars on 45 |
| 13 September | "Hold On Tight" | Electric Light Orchestra |
| 20 September | "Hold On Tight" | Electric Light Orchestra |
| 27 September | "Hold On Tight" | Electric Light Orchestra |
| 4 October | "Hold On Tight" | Electric Light Orchestra |
| 11 October | "Hold On Tight" | Electric Light Orchestra |
| 18 October | "Green Door" | Shakin' Stevens |
| 25 October | "For Your Eyes Only" | Sheena Easton |
| 1 November | "Tainted Love" | Soft Cell |
| 8 November | "Tainted Love" | Soft Cell |
| 15 November | "Japanese Boy" | Aneka |
| 22 November | "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic" | The Police |
| 29 November | "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic" | The Police |
| 6 December | "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic" | The Police |
| 13 December | "Physical" | Olivia Newton-John |
| 20 December | "Physical" | Olivia Newton-John |
| 27 December | "Under Pressure" | Queen & David Bowie |
# 1939 Irish Greyhound Derby

The 1939 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July with the final being held at Markets Field Greyhound Stadium in Limerick on 15 July. It was the first time that the race had been held outside Dublin.
The winner Marchin' Thro' Georgia won £225 and was owned by the Dorans.

## Final result

At Limerick, 15 July(over 525 yards):
| Position | Name of Greyhound | Breeding | Trap | SP | Time | Trainer | Notes |
| 1st | Marchin' Thro' Georgia | Church Parade - Stonepark | 5 | 1-1f | 30.05 | J J Doran (Roscommon) | Track Record |
| 2nd | Irish Rambler | Culrain - Little Eva | 1 | 7-4 | 30.08 | Lonergan (Limerick) | |
| 3rd | Lombardstown Brother | Bella's Brother - Ballyneety Lady | 3 | 8-1 | 30.16 | Carroll (Limerick) | |
| 4th | Reel Rasper | breeding unknown | 6 | 7-1 | | Carrick-on-Suir | |
| 5th | Midnight Bell | breeding unknown | 2 | 10-1 | | Galway | |
| N/R | Pretty Forethought | Royal Tom - Pretty Bird | 4 | | | Larkin (Cork) | |

### Distances

8, ½ (lengths)

## Competition Report

Master Eamonn recorded a new track record of 30.15 secs in the second round beating the previous best of 30.17 set by a previous Derby finalist Brave Leader in 1939. Marchin' Thro' Georgia then clocked 30.18 when beating Irish Rambler by less than one length. In the first semi-final Marchin' Thro' Georgia beat Lombardstown Brother by four lengths in a time 30.22. In the second semi hot favourite Master Eamonn was eliminated when Irish Rambler beat Midnight Bill by five lengths in another new track record time of 30.10. The third and final race went to Reel Rasper half a length ahead of Pretty Forethought in 30.42.
In the final Marchin' Thro' Georgia impressed leading throughout and setting another track record of 30.05 with Irish Rambler only a neck behind in a time which would also have been a track record if not for the winner.
# Maaraba, Daraa

Maaraba (Arabic: معربة, romanized: Maʿraba) or Moraba is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located east of Daraa. Nearby localities include Bosra to the east, Umm Walad to the north and Ghasm to the west.

## History

In 1596 the village appeared in the Ottoman tax registers named Ma'raba, part of the nahiya (Subdistrict) of Bani Nasiyya in the Hauran Sanjak. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 29 households and 18 bachelors. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 40% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, and a water mill; a total of 13,000 akçe.
According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Maaraba had a population of 8,988 in the 2004 census.
# Tadeusz Manteuffel

Tadeusz Manteuffel or Tadeusz Manteuffel-Szoege (1902–1970) was a Polish historian, specializing in the medieval history of Europe.
Manteuffel was born in Rēzekne, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (now Latvia). His brothers were Leon Manteuffel-Szoege and Edward Manteuffel-Szoege. He lost his right hand in the Polish-Soviet War in 1920 when he took part in the defence of Warsaw. Manteuffel studied medieval history in Poland, France, and Italy and later taught at Warsaw University, becoming a known medievalist before 1939.
During the Second World War, Manteuffel was an activist in the education and information section (Biuro Informacji i Propagandy Armii Krajowej) of the Polish Secret State in German-occupied Poland, where he contributed to and edited underground newspapers and leaflets (Wiadomości Polskie) and from 1940 to 1944 he organized underground history seminars in the then-outlawed Warsaw University.
After the war, Manteuffel was active in rebuilding Warsaw University, where he organized the History Institute and its library. In 1950-53 he directed the Polish Historical Society, and he co-founded the Polish Academy of Sciences, creating and directing its Institute of History, later named for him.

## Works

A student and friend of Marceli Handelsman, Manteuffel dedicated his life to history as a student, teacher, scholar and activist. He advocated the creation and clarification of historian code of ethics, warned about the dangers of misinterpreting and falsifications of history. He specialized in the Medieval history of Europe, political history, history of social movements and cultural structures.
Manteuffel authored many articles and books, including Narodziny herezji (The Birth of Heresy) and Historia Powszechna. Średniowiecze (Universal History: The Medieval Period), Polska w okresie prawa książęcego 963-1194 (The Formation of the Polish State: The Period of Ducal Rule, 963–1194).
Among his students were Edward Potkowski, and Jerzy Kolendo.
# Blencogo

Blencogo is a small farming village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bromfield, in the Cumberland district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. It is situated near Wigton, on the Solway Plain, off the B3502 Wigton to Silloth road. The village is a centre for growing osier willow for basketmaking and related crafts. In 1931 the parish had a population of 139.

## Etymology

Armstrong, et al. cite Ekwall, who "derives this name from Welsh 'blaen' 'top'...and 'cog' 'cuckoo' to which was later added ON 'haugr' 'hill' ". However, they say that it is more probable that the final element "is the British plural inflexion (Welsh '-au', Cornish '-ow', Breton '-ou')." So, ' hill of the cuckoo or cuckoos'.('ON' is Old Norse; 'British' is Common Brittonic).

## History

Blencogo first appears in literature around 1100 CE when the Lord Waltheof of Allerdale gives the barony of Blencogo to Odard de Logis. Numerous land transfers are made to Holme Cultram Abbey in over the next 150 years. Land transfers and grants for Blencogo also appear in the patent and charter rolls for Edward III (1342), Richard II (1388), Henry IV (1399), Henry VI (1426), Edward IV (1474), and Henry VII (1543).
Blencogo was formerly a township in Bromfield parish, from 1866 Blencogo was a civil parish in its own right until it was abolished on 1 April 1934 and merged with Bromfield.

## Notable residents

* Jonathan Boucher (1738-1804), born here
# Kostrzyn, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Kostrzyn is a town in Poland, seat of Gmina Kostrzyn in the Poznań County in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, with 9,041 inhabitants (2010).

## History

As part of the region of Greater Poland, i.e. the cradle of the Polish state, the area formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century. It was a private church town, administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. In the Second Partition of Poland, in 1793, it was annexed by Prussia. After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw. Following the duchy's dissolution in 1815, it was reannexed by Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany. The populace was subjected to Germanisation policies.
Following World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and the Greater Poland uprising against Germany broke out, which goal was to reintegrate the town and region with reborn Poland. The town formed a company of one hundred insurgents and a platoon of nearly forty, of whom eleven were killed in the uprising. Kostrzyn was reintegrated with Poland.
At the start of World War II, the town was invaded by Germany on September 10, 1939. In the following days, the Germans carried out firsts arrests, beatings, tortures and murders of local Poles. On September 16, a detachment of Einsatzkommando 14 entered Kostrzyn, then gathered all the Polish men at the Market Square and carried out beatings and selection of 100 prisoners, who were eventually sent on foot to a newly established camp in Swarzędz. That day and in the days that followed, the Germans carried out further murders of local Poles. On October 20, 1939, the Germans carried out a public execution of 28 Poles, including teachers, school principals, merchants, craftsmen, etc. It was one of many massacres of Poles committed by Germany on October 20–23 across the region in attempt to pacify and terrorize the Polish population. In November 1939, the Hilfspolizei carried out further murders of local Poles.
In late 1939, the German police carried out first expulsions of Poles, mainly families of Poles who were murdered or deported to concentration camps during the Intelligenzaktion, plus owners of workshops and better houses. Expelled Poles were deported to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland. Most of the Germans responsible for the crimes against Poles in Kostrzyn fled the town before the approaching Eastern Front and escaped justice.

## Economy

The supermarket chain Biedronka is headquartered in Kostrzyn.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1976

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1976 was adopted unanimously on 11 April 2011. After recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Somalia, particularly resolutions 1918 (2010) and 1950 (2010), the Council decided to consider the establishment of special Somali courts to try pirates operating off the coast of the country.
The resolution was drafted by Colombia, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Ukraine.

## Observations

In the preamble of the resolution, the Security Council expressed concern over increased pirate activity and the consequences on international shipping, with acts of hostage-taking condemned. It stated that the underlying causes of piracy had to be addressed, including the building of Somalia's economy and tackling poverty. At the same time, the Council was concerned about allegations of illegal fishing and dumping of toxic waste were used by the pirates to justify criminal activities.
All countries were invited to participate in the fight against piracy; assistance was being provided by the United Nations and international organisations to strengthen the justice system in Somalia, Kenya and the Seychelles to prosecute pirates, though many were released without trial.

## Acts

The resolution recognised the continuing instability in Somalia as one of the underlying causes of the piracy issue. International organisations, including the United Nations Development Programme, were asked to assist the Somali authorities in establishing governance and rule of law over lawless areas where acts of piracy were taking place. Allegations of illegal fishing and the dumping of toxic waste had to be investigated and reported on.
Furthermore, the Council argued that the legal capacity of Somalia and countries in the region had to be increased in order to prosecute pirates, and thus it would consider the establishment of special courts to try pirates though did not state where such courts would be located.
# Maria Clara Pacheco

Maria Clara Pacheco (born 16 July 2003) is a Brazilian taekwondo practitioner. She was a bronze medalist at the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships.

## Early life

She was born in São Vicente, in São Paulo, but moved to São Caetano do Sul in 2021.

## Career

She won a bronze medal at the World Taekwondo Cadet Championships in Sharm-el-Sheikh in 2017.
2023 was her first season competing in senior taekwondo. She made her Grand Priz series debut that year in Paris where she reached the quarterfinals.
She won the bronze medal in the Women's featherweight at the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships in Baku, losing to eventual winner Luana Márton in the semi-final. In doing so, she became only Brazilian to have won medals in Taekwondo World Championships in both the senior and cadet levels.
In October 2023, she was a silver medalist at the 2023 Pan American Games. She also won a bronze in the team event at the games.
In April 2024, competing at the regional Olympic qualifying event in Dominican Republic, she won a place at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris.
# Director of the Marine Corps Staff

The Director of the Marine Corps Staff (DMCS) is a senior officer position within the United States Marine Corps, serving as the principal assistant and advisor to both the Commandant and Assistant Commandant. The DMCS (pronounced "dimmicks") is responsible for effectively coordinating the staff processes and actions of Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC), ensuring that the staff operates efficiently and in alignment with the strategic objectives of the Marine Corps.
As of February 2025, the current DMCS is Lieutenant General Paul J. Rock Jr., who assumed the position on September 3, 2024.

## History of the DMCS position

The Director of the Marine Corps Staff (DMCS) position was established in the 1990s as part of a reorganization of Marine Corps Headquarters. It evolved from the previous chief of staff role, which had been held by notable officers, including future commandants like LtGen John A. Lejeune and Gen P.X. Kelley. This new position was designed to enhance coordination across Marine Corps staff and improve communication within the Corps' senior leadership.
The creation of the DMCS position responded to the growing complexity of military operations following the Cold War. It was intended to streamline staff processes and ensure efficient management of information and resources at Headquarters Marine Corps. Over time, the role became pivotal for advising the Commandant and Assistant Commandant on strategic staff matters, playing a critical part in the overall operational effectiveness of the Marine Corps.

## Rank and hierarchy

The DMCS holds the rank of Lieutenant General (O-9), placing them just below the four-star General (O-10) rank of the Commandant of the Marine Corps. This position is a three-star general role, reflecting its high level of responsibility within the Marine Corps hierarchy.
The DMCS holds significant influence over the operational and administrative functions of the Marine Corps, contributing to the development and implementation of policies and strategies that guide the Corps' mission and objectives.

## Responsibilities

In this capacity, the DMCS oversees the coordination of staff activities, ensuring that the various divisions within HQMC operate cohesively. This role involves facilitating communication between different staff sections, managing the flow of information, and advising the Commandant and Assistant Commandant on staff-related matters. The DMCS plays a crucial role in the decision-making process, providing insights and recommendations based on comprehensive staff analyses.
# Clusiodes

Clusiodes is a genus of flies in the family Clusiidae. There are at least 70 described species in the genus Clusiodes.

## Species

These 70 species belong to the genus Clusiodes:
* Clusiodes aberrans Frey, 1928
* Clusiodes albimanus (Meigen, 1830)
* Clusiodes americanus Malloch, 1922
* Clusiodes angulosus Sueyoshi, 2006
* Clusiodes apicalis (Zetterstedt, 1848)
* Clusiodes apiculatus Malloch, 1922
* Clusiodes argutus McAlpine, 1960
* Clusiodes ater Melander & Argo, 1924
* Clusiodes atra Melander & Argo
* Clusiodes bisetosa Mamaev, 1974
* Clusiodes bismarckensis Sasakawa, 1974
* Clusiodes caestus Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes caledonicus Collin, 1912
* Clusiodes chaetostylotis Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes clandestinus Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes clarus McAlpine, 1960
* Clusiodes coconino Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes dasytus Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes discostylus Sueyoshi, 2006
* Clusiodes eremnos Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes femoratus Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes flaveolus Mamaev, 1974
* Clusiodes formosana Hennig, 1938
* Clusiodes freyi Tuomikoski, 1933
* Clusiodes gentilis Collin, 1912
* Clusiodes geomyzinus (Fallen, 1823)
* Clusiodes gladiator McAlpine, 1960
* Clusiodes gracilolobus Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes iotoides Sasakawa, 1990
* Clusiodes johnsoni Malloch, 1922
* Clusiodes kinetrolicros Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes leptapodemus Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes leucopeza Frey, 1960
* Clusiodes marginalis Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes megaspilos McAlpine, 1960
* Clusiodes megastylotis Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes melanospilus Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes melanostoma (Loew, 1922)
* Clusiodes melanostomus Loew, 1864
* Clusiodes microcerca Stackelberg, 1955
* Clusiodes microcerus Stackelberg, 1955
* Clusiodes mirabilis Frey, 1928
* Clusiodes napo Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes niger Melander & Argo, 1924
* Clusiodes nigra Melander & Argo
* Clusiodes nigriceps McAlpine, 1960
* Clusiodes nigrifrons Frey, 1960
* Clusiodes nitidus Melander & Argo, 1924
* Clusiodes notatus Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes nubila Meigen, 1830
* Clusiodes obscuripennis Frey, 1960
* Clusiodes orbitalis Malloch, 1922
* Clusiodes phrenzinus Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes pictipes (Zetterstedt, 1855)
* Clusiodes plumipes Sasakawa, 1987
* Clusiodes plumosus Sasakawa, 1964
* Clusiodes pterygion Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes punctifrons Frey, 1960
* Clusiodes quatuorsetosa Mamaev, 1974
* Clusiodes ruficollis (Meigen, 1830)
* Clusiodes saopaulo Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes spinos Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes stimulator Caloren & Marshall, 1998
* Clusiodes terminalis Melander & Argo, 1924
* Clusiodes tobi Sueyoshi, 2006
* Clusiodes tuomikoskii Mamaev, 1974
* Clusiodes unica Mamaev, 1974
* Clusiodes usikumuri Sueyoshi, 2006
* Clusiodes verticalis Collin, 1912
* † Clusiodes petreficata Statz, 1940
# Zélia Avezou

Zélia Avezou (born 10 April 2004) is a French competition climber. She competed at the 2023 European Games, winning the gold medal in the women's bouldering event. She also competed at the 2024 IFSC Climbing European Championships, winning the bronze medal in the women's combined event.
# Charles Salzberg

Charles Salzberg (born 1946) is an American novelist, journalist, editor, and teacher.

## Early life and education

Salzberg was born in New York City in 1946. He graduated from Barnard School for Boys in 1963. He then attended Syracuse University, earning a bachelor's degree in English in 1967. He attended the Boston University School of Law from 1967 to 1968.

## Journalism

Salzberg got a job in the mail room at New York magazine in 1976. Between mail deliveries, he began to pitch article ideas to editor, Elizabeth Crowe. He then became a freelance writer, writing feature articles for periodicals such as Esquire Magazine, GQ, Elle Magazine, Redbook, Good Housekeeping and New York (magazine).
He has written book reviews for The New York Times, The Miami Herald, The Plain Dealer, and the Los Angeles Times.

## Books

Salzberg is the author of detective and crime fiction, as well as numerous works of nonfiction. His novels include the Henry Swann Detective Series: Swann's Last Song (2008), and Swann Dives In (2012). Swann's Last Song was a New York Post recommendation and was nominated for a Shamus Award. Salzberg's novel Devil in the Hole (2013) is based on the case of John List, who murdered his family and escaped conviction for 18 years.
His nonfiction work includes books about baseball, basketball, coaching, and such well-known personalities as Soupy Sales and wrestler Missy Hyatt.

## New York Writers Workshop and Teaching

Salzberg is a well-known writing teacher and mentor and is a founding member of the New York Writers Workshop. His students have included Lauren Weisberger (author of The Devil Wears Prada), Joy Behar (co-host of The View), Susie Essman (co-star of Curb Your Enthusiasm), Elvira K. Gonzalez (author of Hurdles in the Dark), Sally Koslow (author of Little Pink Slips), Linda Yellin (author of The Last Blind Date and Such a Lovely Couple), and Stephanie Klein (author of Straight Up and Dirty).
Salzberg has taught writing at Sarah Lawrence College, the Open Center, and the Writer's Voice, and has served as Visiting Professor of Magazine Journalism at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University. In 1996, the magazine New York called him one of "New York's Great Teachers".

## Later years

As of 2010, Salzberg was serving as the fiction editor of the webzine Ducts, and was editor-in-chief of a publishing house he co-founded, Greenpoint Press.
# Guillemain

Guillemain is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Éric Guillemain, French photographer
* Juan Cruz Guillemaín (born 1992), Argentine rugby player
* Louis-Gabriel Guillemain (1705–1770), French composer