OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kalutara Chaitya

The Kalutara Chaitya is a Stupa (buddhist shrine) located immediately south of the Kalutara Bridge in the Kalutara District of Sri Lanka.
It is one of only a few hollow Buddhist stupas in the world and its interior contains 74 murals, each depicting a different aspect of the Buddha's life. Four small chaityas (stupas) are located inside the larger hollow stupa and on the walls of the larger stupa, scenes from Jataka tales are painted. Visitors can walk inside the Kalutara Chaitya to worship and to look at the statues and wall paintings of the stories of Buddha.
The stupa was commissioned by Sir Cyril de Zoysa, with the design undertaken by Justin Samarasekera in collaboration with A. N. S. Kulasinghe. The construction was carried out by the State Engineering Corporation of Sri Lanka, whose computer (the first in the country) enabled the complicated calculations to be carried out. The large 30.5 m (100 ft) diameter and 91.5 m (300 ft) circumference concrete dome has a thin shell with a thickness of 140 mm (5.5 in). It was the first thin hemispherical shell built in the country.
The site of the stupa was originally occupied by the Gangatilaka Vihara, however it was destroyed by the Portuguese when they invaded the country. The Portuguese subsequently built a fort on the small hill. The Dutch rebuilt and expanded the fort, which was surrendered to the British in 1796. The fort was converted into the office and residence of the Government agent. During the British colonial era, Galle Road was constructed between the Uda Maluva and the Pahala Maluva, splitting the site into two separate sections. The Kalutara Bodhiya, one of 32 saplings of the sacred Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, was shared with the official residence of the Government agent and the local Kachcheri. De Zoysa persuaded the government to relocate the agent's residence and offices to a site he owned in Nagoda, in order to allow the development and restoration of the Bodhi premises.
The foundation was laid in 1964, and the pinnacle of the Chaitya was topped in January 1974. The pinnacle was unveiled and relics deposited in the inner chamber by President J. R. Jayewardene on 28 February 1980.
# Keith Preston

Keith Preston (1884–1927) was a Chicago-based literary critic, author and journalist.
Born in 1884, Preston had a strong academic background, holding a BA and PhD from the University of Chicago and an MA from Indiana University Bloomington. After receiving his PhD in philosophy in 1914, he married Etta Shield, another classics scholar. He then taught classics and philosophy at Indiana University, Princeton University, and Northwestern University.
In 1922 he left academe to join the staff of the Chicago Daily News as a columnist and literary editor. He was literary editor there and wrote 'The Periscope' and 'Hit or Miss' columns.
Preston published four volumes of his humorous poetry during his lifetime and his wife published a collection of his poems after his death. He died at age 42 in 1927.
# Sègre-Ter

Sègre-Ter (French:) was a department of France created in Spain on 7 March 1813 by merging the departments of Sègre and Ter. This merger was established by decree but never published in the Bulletin des lois, leaving its judicial status uncertain. The department was officially suppressed on 10 March 1814.
# Grandes y pequeños hombres del Plata

Grandes y pequeños hombres del Plata (Spanish: Great and tiny men of the De la Plata basin) is a 1864 Argentine book written by Juan Bautista Alberdi. It is a harsh criticism of the books Historia de Belgrano y de la Independencia Argentina by Bartolomé Mitre and Facundo by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.
* This article about a non-fiction book on Argentine history is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Stenocercus boettgeri

Stenocercus boettgeri, Boettger's whorltail iguana, is a species of lizard of the family Tropiduridae. It is found in Peru.
# Nanodisc

A nanodisc is a synthetic model membrane system which assists in the study of membrane proteins. Nanodiscs are discoidal proteins in which a lipid bilayer is surrounded by molecules that are amphipathic molecules including proteins, peptides, and synthetic polymers. It is composed of a lipid bilayer of phospholipids with the hydrophobic edge screened by two amphipathic proteins. These proteins are called membrane scaffolding proteins (MSP) and align in double belt formation. Nanodiscs are structurally very similar to discoidal high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and the MSPs are modified versions of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), the main constituent in HDL. Nanodiscs are useful in the study of membrane proteins because they can solubilise and stabilise membrane proteins and represent a more native environment than liposomes, detergent micelles, bicelles and amphipols.
The art of making nanodiscs has progressed past using only the MSPs and lipids to make particles, leading to alternative strategies like peptide nanodiscs that use simpler proteins and synthetic nanodiscs that do not need any proteins for stabilization.

## MSP nanodisc

The original nanodisc was produced by apoA1-derived MSPs from 2002. The size and stability of these discs depend on the size of these proteins, which can be adjusted by truncation and fusion. In general, MSP1 proteins consist of one repeat, and MSP2s are double-sized.

## Peptide nanodisc

In peptide nanodiscs, the lipid bilayer is screened by amphipathic peptides instead of two MSPs. Peptide nanodiscs are structurally similar to MSP nanodiscs and the peptides also align in a double belt. They can stabilise membrane proteins, but have higher polydispersity and are structurally less stable than MSP nanodiscs. Recent studies, however, showed that dimerization and polymerization of the peptides make them more stable.

## Synthetic/Native nanodisc

Another way to mimic the native lipid membrane are synthetic polymers. Styrene-maleic acid co-polymers (SMAs) called SMALPs or Lipodisq and Diisobutylene-maleic acid (DIBMA) are such synthetic polymers (DIBMALPs). They can solubilize membrane proteins directly from cells or raw extract. They also have been used to study the lipid composition of several organisms. It was discovered that all synthetic polymers which contained a styrene and maleic acid group can solubilize proteins. These SMA nanoparticles have also been tested as possible drug delivery vehicle and for the study of folding, post-translational modifications and lipid interactions of membrane proteins by native mass spectrometry. They are now routinely used to solve membrane protein structures for cryo-EM, such as the aerolysin pore-forming toxins (2.1Å resolution), where some lipid density was modelled and key interactions relevant for the understanding of pore formation mechanism, its correct positioning and anchoring in the membrane were elucidated.
# Joy Williams

Joy Williams may refer to:
* Joy Williams (Australian writer) (1942–2006), Australian poet
* Joy Williams (American writer) (born 1944), American fiction writer
* Joy Williams (singer) (born 1982), American musician
** Joy Williams (album), the singer's 2001 debut album
* Joy Ann Williams (1961–2016), American immunologist
# Logan Johnson

Logan Johnson (born October 11, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Blue of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Cincinnati Bearcats and the Saint Mary's Gaels.

## High school career

Johnson attended Saint Francis at Mountain View, California, where he averaged 22 points, 8 rebounds, 6 assists and 3 steals as a senior, leading the Lancers to the Division I Playoffs.

## College career

Johnson began playing college basketball at Cincinnati, where he averaged 2.0 points, 1.2 rebounds and 0.7 assists in 32 games as a reserve. In his sophomore season, he transferred to Saint Mary's, where he averaged 10.6 points per contest and shot 44.1% from the field in 114 games (90 of them as a starter) while getting 151 steals, the fourth more in the Gaels' history. He was named WCC Defensive Player of the Year, and won the Lou Henson All-American Award.

## Professional career
### Oklahoma City Blue (2023–present)

After going undrafted in the 2023 NBA draft, Johnson joined the San Antonio Spurs for the 2023 NBA Summer League. On October 31, he joined the Oklahoma City Blue after being selected in the NBA G League draft. He made 26 appearances while averaging 5.6 points, 2.9 rebounds and 1.1 assists in 14.2 minutes, helping the Blue win the NBA G League title.

## Personal life

The son of Jennifer and Milton Johnson, he has one sister, Lauren, and three brothers, Brandon, Tyler and Gabe. His brother Tyler is a former NBA player.
# Absolute income hypothesis

In economics, the absolute income hypothesis concerns how a consumer divides their disposable income between consumption and saving. It is part of the theory of consumption proposed by economist John Maynard Keynes. The hypothesis was subject to further research in the 1960s and 70s, most notably by American economist James Tobin (1918–2002).

## Background

Keynes' General Theory in 1936 identified the relationship between income and consumption as a key macroeconomic relationship. Keynes asserted that real consumption (i.e. adjusted for inflation) is a function of real disposable income, which is total income net of taxes. As income rises, the theory asserts that consumption will also rise, but not necessarily at the same rate. When applied to a cross section of a population, rich people are expected to consume a lower proportion of their income than poor people.
The marginal propensity to consume is present in Keynes' consumption theory and determines by what amount consumption will change in response to a change in income.
While this theory has success modeling consumption in the short term, attempts to apply this model over a longer time frame have proven less successful. This has led to the absolute income hypothesis falling out of favor as the consumption model of choice for economists. Keynes' consumption function has come to be known as 'absolute income hypothesis' or 'absolute income theory'. His statement of the relationship between income and consumption was based on psychological law.

## Model

The model is
    $C_{t}=\alpha +\lambda Y_{t}$
where:
* $C_{t}$ is consumption at time t,
* $\alpha$ is autonomous consumption, a constant,
* $\lambda$ is the marginal propensity to consume ($0<\lambda <1$),
* $Y_{t}$ is disposable income at time t.
The component $\lambda Y_{t}$ represents induced consumption.
# Sara Martínez

Sara Martínez Puntero (born 26 February 1990 in Madrid, Spain) is a Paralympic athlete from Spain competing mainly in category F12 track and field events.

## Personal

Martínez was born on 26 February 1990 in Madrid, Spain, and has partial vision. In 2012, she lived in Madrid.

## Athletics

Martínez mainly competed in category F12 track and field events, and represents Madrid in Spanish national competitions.
Martínez competed in the 2009 Spanish National Athletics Championship where she finished first in the women's visually impaired long jump. At the 2011 Basauri Meeting track and field event, she finished first in the long jump with a distance of 5.40 meters. The 2011 Spanish National Adaptive Athletics Championships were held in Valencia and she competed in them. She competed at the 2011 IPC World Athletics Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand where she finished fourth in the long jump and seventh in the 100 meters. In 2012, she was a recipient of a Plan ADOP €6,000 athlete scholarship and a €2,500 coaching scholarship. Prior to the start of the London Games, she trained with several other visually impaired Spanish track and field athletes in Logroño. In the lead up to the London Paralympics, in July 2012, she competed in a Diamond League race at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London. In March 2013 at the Spanish Athletics Paralympic Championship, she qualified for the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in the 100 meter event. She competed at the Basauriko Probak 2013, a qualifying event for a number of other Spanish competitor for the IPC World Championships. In May 2013, she competed in the Spanish national championships, where she earned a gold medal in the long jump. In July 2013, she participated in the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships.

### Paralympics

Martínez competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics in the 100 meter and long jump events. In London, she did qualify for the finals of the 100 meter race following her performance in the semi-finals.
# Moore Bay (Northwest Territories)

Moore Bay is a bay in the north-east of Prince Patrick Island, Northwest Territories, Canada.
# View from the Vault, Volume Three

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Music Box | |
View from the Vault, Volume Three (or View from the Vault III) is the third release in the "View from the Vault" series by the Grateful Dead. It was released simultaneously as a three disc album on CD and as a concert performance video on DVD. It contains the June 16, 1990 show at the Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View, California.
The album also includes six songs from a show at the same venue on October 3, 1987. One of these is "My Brother Esau", the first appearance of this song on an album in CD format. The studio version had been the B-side of the "Touch of Grey" single in 1987, appeared on the cassette version of the In the Dark album, and was later released on the Beyond Description box set (it was then appended to the 2004 reissue of In the Dark). Another track from October 3, 1987 ("Maggie's Farm") had been released earlier in the year on Postcards of the Hanging.

## Track listing

Disc one
    June 16, 1990 – first set:
* "Let the Good Times Roll" > (Sam Cooke) – 4:52
* "Truckin'" > (Robert Hunter, Jerry Garcia, Phil Lesh, Bob Weir) – 10:06
* "Touch of Grey" (Hunter, Garcia) – 7:30
* "Mama Tried" > (Merle Haggard) – 2:35
* "Big River" (Johnny Cash) – 5:52
* "Friend of the Devil" (John Dawson, Hunter, Garcia) – 8:06
* "Cassidy" (John Barlow, Weir) – 6:21
* "Big Boss Man" (Luther Dixon, Al Smith) – 7:24
* "One More Saturday Night" (Weir) – 5:23
Disc two
    June 16, 1990 – second set:
* "China Cat Sunflower" > (Hunter, Garcia) – 10:39
* "I Know You Rider" (trad., arr. Grateful Dead) – 5:44
* "We Can Run" (Barlow, Brent Mydland) – 5:50
* "Estimated Prophet" > (Barlow, Weir) – 13:07
* "Terrapin Station" > (Hunter, Garcia) – 15:20
* "Jam" > (Grateful Dead) – 15:16
* "Space" > (Grateful Dead) - 11:49
Disc three
    June 16, 1990 – second set, continued:
* "Drums" > (Mickey Hart, Bill Kreutzmann) – 4:12
* "China Doll" > (Hunter, Garcia) – 6:45
* "Sugar Magnolia" (Hunter, Weir) – 9:57
    June 16, 1990 – encore:
* "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" (Bob Dylan) – 7:37
    Bonus tracks from October 3, 1987:
* "Hey Pocky Way" (Joseph Modeliste, Arthur Neville, Leo Nocentelli, George Porter) – 6:17
* "New Minglewood Blues" (Noah Lewis) – 7:36
* "Candyman" (Hunter, Garcia) – 7:51
* "When I Paint My Masterpiece" (Dylan) – 4:39
* "West L.A. Fadeaway" (Hunter, Garcia) – 7:34
* "My Brother Esau" (Barlow, Weir) – 4:26
Notes
* ↑ "Addams Family" tuning before "When I Paint My Materpiece"

## Personnel

Grateful Dead
* Jerry Garcia – lead guitar, vocals
* Bob Weir – rhythm guitar, vocals
* Phil Lesh – bass guitar, vocals
* Brent Mydland – Hammond organ, keyboards, vocals
* Mickey Hart – drums, percussion
* Bill Kreutzmann – drums, percussion
Production
* Len Dell'Amico - director, co-producer
* Dan Healy – recording
* Jeffrey Norman – mastering
* David Lemieux – tape archivist
* Cassidy Law – album coordination
* Eileen Law – archival research
* Robert Minkin – package design
* Ken Friedman – photography
# Jaylen Bland

Jaylen Jowan D. Bland (born March 29, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the ABC Fighters of the Road to BAL. He played college basketball for Murray State, College of the Canyons, and UC Riverside. In 2019, he was named NBL Canada Newcomer of the Year.

## College career

Bland signed with Murray State out of high school but decided to transfer after averaging 1.7 points per game as a freshman. Bland played one season at College of the Canyons before joining UC Riverside. Bland holds the UCR program record with 118 3-pointers in a season. As a senior, Bland was fourth in Division I in made 3-pointers. He was named second-team all-Big West after averaging 16.1 points per game, shooting .404 percent from behind the arc.

## Professional career

Bland played for the Salt Lake City Stars of the NBA G League after being drafted 15th overall in the D League draft. He averaged 5.7 points and 2.1 rebounds per game in 39 games. In August 2017, he signed with AB Contern in Luxembourg. In May 2018, Bland signed with Caballeros de Culiacán in Mexico.
Bland signed with the Sudbury Five in November 2018. In the 2018–19 season, Bland finished ninth in NBL Canada in scoring with 18.8 points per game in addition to 5.9 rebounds and 2.3 assists per game. He earned player of the week honors on November 18, 2018. He was named league newcomer of the year. Bland joined the Fraser Valley Bandits of the Canadian Elite Basketball League after the season. He was released by the Bandits on May 23. On November 4, he re-signed with the Five. Bland averaged 24.2 points, 6.0 rebounds, and 4.0 assists per game. He was named to the Second Team All-NBL Canada.

### Wisconsin Herd (2021–2022)

Bland was selected with the ninth pick of the third round of the 2021 NBA G League draft by the Wisconsin Herd. On February 12, 2022, Bland was waived by the Wisconsin Herd.
In December 2023, Bland joined Tenuun Olziy Metal in Mongolia. He led the team to an appearance in the finals, where they lost to Khasin Khuleguud.
In November 2024, Bland joined the ABC Fighters of Ivory Coast in the 2025 BAL qualification games.
# Milium

Milium may refer to:
* Milium (dermatology), a condition consisting of small cysts near the surface of the skin or on the roof of the mouth
* Milium (plant), a genus of grasses
* Milium, a lining material by Deering Milliken, sold in the 1950s and early 1960s.
# Northeastern Brazil marine ecoregion

The Northeastern Brazil marine ecoregion covers the coastal marine environment around the Northeast Region of Brazil. The marine ecoregion extends from the mouth of the Parnaíba River in the west around the eastern point of the Brazilian mainland and south to the Bay of All Saints. The warm South Equatorial Current feeds warm tropical water into the region from the east. The Northeastern Brazil ecoregion is one of two coastal marine ecoregions (with the Eastern Brazil marine ecoregion) in the Tropical Southwest Atlantic marine province. It is thus part of the Tropical Atlantic realm.

## Physical setting

The ecoregion reaches out into the Atlantic Ocean for 200-250 miles from the coast, with narrowing in the middle where the Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas marine ecoregion extends almost in to the shore. The ecoregion is bounded on the west at the mouth of the Parnaiba River and stretches for 1,000 coastal miles to the southeast, where the ecoregion transitions to the Northeast Brazil marine ecoregion at the Bay of All Saints. The bordering coast is low and flat, and characterized by mangrove forests, such those of the Rio Piranhas mangroves terrestrial ecoregion, and the flat plains of the Zona da Mata on the east coast. The major rivers feeding the Northeastern Brazil marine region include the Paraiba, Jaguaribe, Piranhas, Mamanguape, Paraiba do Norte, Tracunhaém, Capibaribe, and São Francisco rivers.
The continental shelf along this coast of Brazil does not extend far into the sea, typically dropping off onto the slope at about 30 miles. The deepest point in the ecoregion overall is −3,405 metres (−11,171 ft), and the average is −87 metres (−285 ft).

## Currents and climate

The Atlantic South Equatorial Current (SEC) flows directly into the ecoregion from the East, bringing warm water from the South Atlantic Ocean. As the SEC approaches the eastern point of Brazil at Cape São Roque, it splits, with the North Brazil Current (NBC) flowing along the coast to the north and west, and the Brazil Current flowing south along the eastern coast. The NBC flows at a rate averaging 26 Sverdrups (Sv), at a mean speed of 60–100 centimetres per second (1.3–2.2 mph). Surface temperatures range from 22–28.5 °C (71.6–83.3 °F).

## Animals / Fish

On the coast, fishing is typically by artisal (subsistence and traditional) methods. The commercial fishery is centered on shrimp, lobster, and southern red snapper. Farther offshore are fisheries for tuna and Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis). Volumes of catch have fallen to half of the peaks in the 1970s and 1980's due to overfishing.

## Conservation status

Many of the terrestrial protected areas on the coast have marine components, such that about 13% of the ecoregion is protected, including:
* Santa Isabel Biological Reserve. A coastal strip of sandbanks and mangroves.
# Jacob van Doordt

Jacob van Doort (-1629) was a painter of Flemish or Dutch extraction active in portrait miniatures from 1606 to his death in 1629. He did much of his work for the courts of Denmark and Sweden, in particular the court of Christian IV of Denmark.
His own life is not well known. He was possibly the son of Peter van der Doort of Antwerp and the brother of Abraham van Doordt. He may have been born in Hamburg and made a few trips to England. For most of his career he worked in Northern Europe. He died in Stockholm.
# Simin Keramati

Simin Keramati (Persian: سیمین کرامتی; born 1970) is an Iranian-born Canadian multidisciplinary visual artist and activist. She is primarily known as a painter, video artist, installation artist, and filmmaker. Keramati lives in Toronto.

## Biography

Simin Keramati was born in 1970 in Tehran,. She attended Tehran University of Art, where she received both B.A and M.A. degree (1996) in painting, and the Islamic Azad University, where she received a B.A. degree (1995) in English; and the . She moved to Toronto in 2013, where she attended George Brown College for post graduate degree.
Keramati's art work focuses on socio-political topics, identity, and the injustices facing women in Iran. Some of her art contemporaries include Shirin Neshat, Shadi Ghadirian, and Newsha Tavakolian.
In 2009, Keramati was part of the group exhibition, Made in Iran, curated by Arianne Levene and Eglantine de Ganay and held at the Asia House, London; other artists in the show included Nazgol Ansarinia, Shirin Aliabadi, Behrouz Rae, Vahid Sharifian, Peyman Hooshmandzadeh, and Arash Hanaei. Her work was part of the group exhibition, Art Brief IV: Iranian Contemporary San Francisco (2018) held at SOMA Arts in San Francisco, created in conjunction with the nonprofit group Moms Against Poverty (MAP).
In September 2022, during the Mahsa Amini protests she helped organize the protest event outside of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and Keramati also created a notable protest poster.
She created the second installment of the PaykanArtCar, unveiled in June 2023.