OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bollingen

Bollingen is a village (Kirchdorf) within the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.

## Geography

The village is located along the northern shore of the upper Lake Zürich (Obersee) between Jona and Schmerikon. Bollingen was part of the former municipality of Jona: On 1 January 2007 the former municipalities of Rapperswil and Jona merged to form the new political entity Rapperswil-Jona.

## History

Sandstone from Bollingen may have been used even in the Roman Empire era, but presumably Bollinger Sandstein is extracted and processed since 1000 AD. Among others it was used for the Grossmünster and Fraumünster churches in Zürich, as well as for the Einsiedeln and St. Gallen abbeys, or the Zunfthaus zur Meisen that was built in 1757 at the Münsterhof plaza in Zürich.
In the European Middle Ages, the two settlements named Unterbollingen and Oberbollingen are mentioned as part of the later Herrschaft Rapperswil of the Counts of Rapperswil. The earliest document sealed at the Rapperswil Castle was related to the donation of the church of Unterbollingen to the Rüti Abbey, and also mentions among others a civitas of the town of Rapperswil as witnesses of Count Rudolf von Rapperswil in 1229. On the peninsula at Oberbollingen, a St. Nicholas Chapel is mentioned, where around 1229 a small Cistercian nunnery, later Premonstratensian convent associated with the Rüti Abbey was established by the Counts of Rapperswil; in 1267 it was united with the nearby Mariazell Wurmsbach Abbey. In 1519 a new church in honor of St. Pancras was inaugurated in Unterbollingen. After the Reformation in Zürich the church was acquired by the city of Rapperswil to be united with the Heiliggeistspital, but since 1871 it is a parish church for its own.

## Points of interest

Bollingen is known for the "Tower" built there by Carl Gustav Jung. Another remarkable site is the nearby Wurmsbach Abbey.

## Transportation

Bollingen was a railway station located about halfway between Bollingen village and the Wurmsbach Abbey, which closed in 2004 for economic reasons. It is located on the Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway line in between Blumenau and Schmerikon stations. The railway building remained, but the platforms have been removed.
Since railway services were suspended, public transport was reduced to a bus service. Until December 2023, bus line 621 operated between Rapperswil and Buech/St. Dyonis (closest bus stop is Buechstr. West, a ca. 30 minute walk away from Bollingen village). Line 621 was subsumed into line 995, operated by Schneider Busbetriebe. The route was shortened and the western terminus became Jona. As of December 2023, the bus route is as follows:
| Line | Route | Operator |
| 995 | Jona railway station – Jona Center – Hummelberg/Jona, Buechstrasse Ost | Schneider Busbetriebe [de] |

## Literature

* Eugen Halter: Geschichte der Gemeinde Jona. Schweizer Verlagshaus, Zürich 1970.
# Freda James

Winifred Alice "Freda" James (married name Hammersley, 11 January 1911 – 27 December 1988) was a British female tennis player of the 1930s.
She won the women's doubles in Grand Slam events three times: in 1933 at the US Women's National Championship (with Betty Nuthall), and twice at Wimbledon in 1935 and 1936 (with Kay Stammers).
From 1931 to 1939, she was part of the British team in the Wightman Cup.

## Grand Slam finals
### Doubles (3 titles, 2 runner-ups)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1933 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Billie Yorke | Simonne Mathieu Elizabeth Ryan | 2–6, 11–9, 4–6 |
| Win | 1933 | U.S. National Championships | Grass | Betty Nuthall | Helen Wills Elizabeth Ryan | Forfeit |
| Win | 1935 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Kay Stammers | Simonne Mathieu Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Win | 1936 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Kay Stammers | Sarah Palfrey Cooke Helen Hull Jacobs | 6–2, 6–1 |
| Loss | 1939 | U.S. National Championships | Grass | Kay Stammers | Sarah Palfrey Cooke Alice Marble | 5–7, 6–8 |
# Juba–Nimule Road

The Juba–Nimule Road is a road in South Sudan connecting the capital city of Juba in the Eastern Equatoria and the town of Nimule in Magwi County.

## Location

The road starts in the city of Juba at the intersection between Dr John Garang Street, Mboro Road, Ngongi Street and Jurlika Street, at what is referred to as Custome Roundabout. From there it continues in a southeasterly direction as Highway A43, crosses the White Nile and continues as Nile Street. It then turns southwards as the Nimule Highway. This road makes a T-junction with the Torit Highway at the town of Likiberi. The road continues through Sirsiri, to end at Nimule, at the international border with Uganda. The road measures approximately 192 kilometres (119 mi), from end to end.

## Overview

The Juba–Nimule Road is a major primary road connecting the capital to the neighboring countries of Uganda and Kenya. The road cuts down "travel time between Juba and Nimule from eight hours to less than three hours..". In addition, it provides the most cost-effective and most efficient route to the Indian Ocean port city of Mombasa in Kenya.

## Upgrade to class II bitumen standard

Between 2007 and 2017, the United States Government, through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) tarmacked this road, as a gift to the people of South Sudan. The work was divided into three phases. The engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor was the Louis Berger Group. The EPC contractor then used its three subcontractors to implement the project, namely; Eyat Roads and Bridges, Gulsan Insaat and ANT Insaat. The road update was completed in 2012 and is reported to have cost USD 225 million to renovate and upgrade.

## Road signs

The road, known as Highway A in Juba, continues into southward towards Nimule as Highway A43.

## Point of interest

The Juba-Nimule road traverses the Juba Nile Bridge across the White Nile, approximately 7.5 kilometres (5 mi) southeast of the city center.

## Violence

On the 8 June 2017, a convoy carrying civilians escorted by an heavily armed SPLA united fall in the ambush of opposition forces along the Nimule-Juba highway. 14 people were killed, including high-ranking military officials allied to the regime in Juba.
# Lanercost

Lanercost is a village in the northern part of Cumbria, England. The settlement is in the civil parish of Burtholme, in the Cumberland local government district. Lanercost is known for the presence of Lanercost Priory and its proximity to Hadrian's Wall.

## History

Lanercost Priory was founded in 1165 as an Augustinian house of Canons.
# Axel Orrström

Axel Orrström (born 13 April 1986) is a Finnish footballer who plays for AC Oulu.
Orrström played for Atlantis FC until November 2007 and joined Scottish side Dumbarton in January 2008, leaving in April 2008, making a total of seven appearances. Orrström later signed for AC Oulu.
Orrström is a former Finnish youth international.
# Kasagala Raja Maha Vihara

Kasagala Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhala: කසාගල රජ මහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist Temple, situated in Angunukolapelessa, Hambantota District, Sri Lanka. It is situated about 10 km (6.2 mi) away from Ranna Junction along Ranna - Weeraketiya road. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. The designation was declared on 6 June 2008 under the government Gazette number 1553.

## History

It is accepted that the Kasagala Raja Maha Vihara was constructed during the Anuradhapura era in the reign of King Kavan Tissa (205–161 BC). But it is also believed that the Vihara was begun with planting of one of 32 saplings of the sacred Sri Maha Bodhi (Dethispala Bodhi Tree) in this land with patronage of King Devanampiya Tissa (307–267 BC) in the third century B.C. According to the chronicles King Kavantissa (205–161 BC) has constructed several buildings there and later they were further renovated and expanded with adding new features by King Dappula I (661–664) and King Vijayabahu I (1055-1110 AD). During the reign of King Kirti Sri Rajasingha (1747 – 1780 AD), a gilt Buddha image and temporalities were donated to the temple and had conducted a Dalada Perahera (a pageant) as a tribute to the Tooth Relic of Buddha.

## Name

According to local folklore the name Kasagala (The yellow rock) has been derived as monks who lived there had dried their saffron colored robes on the slabs of natural rock where the temple is situated. It is said that these robes were seen as saffron colored rocks from far way and thus people had used to call the temple as Kasagala.
Beside above folklore an inscription which belongs to 2 AD and related with the temple, refers that this temple was known as Kawagala Pabbatha in early periods.

## The Temple

Currently two ancient Stupas can be seen in the Vihara premises. One of that which situated on the top of the rocky plateau is believed to be constructed by king Devanampiya tissa and is considered as the oldest Stupa in the Vihara. The other Stupa is situated nearby has been constructed by king Saddha Tissa (137-119 BC), brother of King Dutugamunu. Near to the upper rocky plateau Stupa, six stone inscriptions have been found. The information included in all six inscriptions appears to be on the style of granting liberty from slavery (Vaharala).
The temple is adorned with paintings and sculptures belonging to Kandyan tradition, display unique artistic features of the maritime provinces. The paintings mainly show Southern and transition artistic styles, influenced with European Cultural traits and new art styles.

## Kasagala rock inscriptions

   Period: 4th-5th centuries AD, Script: Late Brahmi, Language: Early Sinhala Contents: "There are six inscriptions written on the rock face and the data included in all six inscriptions appears to be on the style of granting liberty from slavery (Vaharala). Most of the letterings are worn; hence it is impossible to get a clear complete idea of the interpretations"
# Kafue Gorge Lower Power Station

Kafue Gorge Lower Power Station (KGL), is a 750 megawatts (1,010,000 hp) hydroelectric power station in Zambia.

## Background

As of 2017, according to USAID, Zambia had installed generating capacity of 2,800 megawatts. Of these, 2,380 megawatts (85 percent) was hydroelectricity. Peak electricity demand in Zambia has been recorded at 1,960 megawatts, with growth in electricity demand estimated at between 150 MW and 200 MW every year. Approximately 70 percent of national electricity output is consumed by the country's mines in the Copperbelt Province.
In October 2015, after the requisite feasibility and environmental studies, the engineering, procurement and construction contract was awarded to Sinohydro, a Chinese, state-owned hydropower engineering and construction company. The contract price is reported as US$2 billion, with 85 percent borrowed from the Exim Bank of China, and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. The government of Zambia was to invest the remaining 15 percent in the project.

## Location

The power station is located along the Kafue River, between the Kafue Gorge Upper Power Station upstream and the confluence of the Kafue River with the Zambezi River downstream. The power station is located approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi), by road, south of Lusaka, Zambia's capital city. The geographical coordinates of Kafue Gorge Lower Power Station are:15°53'46.0"S, 28°33'33.0"E (Latitude:-15.896111; Longitude:28.559167).

## Construction

Construction of the power station began in November 2015. As of July 2019, the contractor expected to conclude during the fourth quarter of 2020. During construction, over 3,000 jobs were created. In September 2019, construction of the dam and power station were halted due to financial difficulties.
In July 2021, one of the five turbines (Turbine Number 2) was commercially commissioned to supply 150 megawatts to the Zambian national grid.
In March 2023, last of the five turbines was started. President Hakainde Hichilema officially commissioned the power station. Throughout its construction, the project has created 15,000 local jobs and has significantly contributed to the growth of the local construction, trade, and transportation sectors. Additionally, it has spurred the development of infrastructure surrounding the hydropower station. After construction, the hydropower plant will boost Zambia's power capacity by nearly 38%.

## Funding

The below table summarizes the funding sources for the power station alone, without the related power line, road and other infrastructure.
Sources of Funding for Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station :
| Rank | Name of Development Partner | Funding in USD (Millions) | Percentage |
| 1 | Exim Bank of China and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | 1,700 | 85.0 |
| 2 | Government of Zambia | 300 | 15.0 |
| | Total | 2,000 | 100.00 |

## Operations

The power generated will be evacuated via a 330-kilovolt transmission line, measuring approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) to Lusaka, for integration into the national power grid.
# Fatima Dhiab

Fatima Dhiab (in Arabic: فاطمة ذياب; born in 1951) is a Palestinian (citizen of Israel) novelist, short story writer, and poet.

## Biography

Dhiab was born in Tamra, a village in the Galilee, in 1951. She finished her elementary studies in her hometown and then completed her secondary education in Nazareth.
Her first novel, Journey on a Train of the Past, was published in 1973, in a volume with several short stories. Her play Carry Your Secret won the House of Karma Theater Award in 1978. She also won the Literary Achievement Award, and several honorable mentions and other recognitions of her work.
Dhiab wrote many newspaper and magazine articles, and had regular columns in Al-Sanara and Al-Arab, which, like her literature, addressed women's issues in Arab society She worked as an editor for Lilac magazine.
In the early 1970s, Dhiab was one of very few Arab women writing and being published within Israel. She wrote short stories, novels, children's books, plays, and poetry. Unlike her contemporaries on the other side of the Green Line, Dhiab avoided writing about political and national issues. Some researchers posit that this was due to fear of retaliations by the authorities. In her poetry, however, she did take inspiration from Palestinian nationalist poet Mahmoud Darwish and stressed the importance of time, place, and context, which is nevertheless political. In her writing about women in Arab society, she also wrote about rape, which was considered a taboo subject, and she was targeted by family and strangers alike because of this. It took her almost a decade to return to her writing.
Dorit Gottesfeld, a researcher of Palestinian women's literature, places Dhiab in the "middle generation" of local writers; the first generation laid the groundwork for Palestinian feminist discourse in their romantic-humanistic style, the middle generation adopted realism and sought balance between the social and the national-political, while the current generation uses modernism and post modernism to challenge conventions, both literary and social.
Her works have been included in several collections, including at least one poem set to music, and featured in a festival of Arabic poetry in 2009. Some of her works have been translated into other languages, including Hebrew and English.

## Works

* The Repentant Ostrich, Collection of Children's Stories, 1972.
* Journey on the Last Train, novel, 1973.
* Ali Sayyad, A Children's Story, 1982.
* Heart Wound, Thoughts, 1983.
* Mad Fantasy, novella, 1983.
* "Carry Your Secret" and "No Wandering", Two Plays, 1987.
* Women's Case, novel, 1987.
* Ice Days: A Collection of Stories and Thoughts, 1995.
* The Cord and the Crow, novel, 1997.
* Wall of Memories, Literary Texts, 2000.
* City of the Wind, novel.
# United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues

The Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues is one of seven subcommittees of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

## Jurisdiction

This subcommittee deals with all matters concerning U.S. relations with the countries of the Western Hemisphere, including Canada, Mexico, Central, and South America, Cuba, and the other countries in the Caribbean, as well as the Organization of American States. This subcommittee’s regional responsibilities include all matters within the geographic region, including matters relating to (1) terrorism and nuclear non-proliferation; (2) crime and illicit narcotics; (3) U.S. foreign assistance programs; and (4) the promotion of U.S. trade and exports.
Also, this subcommittee has global responsibility for transnational crime, trafficking in persons (also known as modern slavery or human trafficking), global narcotics flows, civilian security, democracy, human rights, and global women’s issues.

## Members, 119th Congress

| Majority | Ranking Member |
| John Curtis, Utah, Chair John Cornyn, Texas Bill Hagerty, Tennessee Rick Scott, Florida Ted Cruz, Texas | Tim Kaine, Virginia, Ranking Member Jeff Merkley, Oregon Jacky Rosen, Nevada Chris Murphy, Connecticut |
| Ex officio ||
| Jim Risch, Idaho | Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire |

## Historical subcommittee rosters
### 118th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Tim Kaine, Virginia, Chair Jeff Merkley, Oregon Ben Cardin, Maryland Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Chris Murphy, Connecticut | Marco Rubio, Florida, Ranking Member Ted Cruz, Texas Todd Young, Indiana Tim Scott, South Carolina |
| Ex officio ||
| Ben Cardin, Maryland | Jim Risch, Idaho |

### 117th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Tim Kaine, Virginia, Chair Jeff Merkley, Oregon Ben Cardin, Maryland Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Ed Markey, Massachusetts | Marco Rubio, Florida, Ranking Member Rob Portman, Ohio John Barrasso, Wyoming Bill Hagerty, Tennessee Ted Cruz, Texas |
| Ex officio ||
| Bob Menendez, New Jersey | Jim Risch, Idaho |
# Abbey Bridge

Abbey Bridge is grade B listed road-bridge over the White Cart Water in the centre of Paisley in Scotland. It was erected in 1879, widened in 1933, and comprehensively restored in 2009.

## Description

Abbey Bridge connects the south of central Paisley with the area around Paisley Abbey, carrying Bridge Street over the White Carr Water to connect with Cotton Street. It is a beam bridge having two 16.5 meters (54 ft) spans resting at each extreme on masonry-faced concrete abutments, and supported in the centre by a slender masonry pier. The roadway superstructure comprises six steel-plate girders, whilst the footpaths are supported by Warren trusses originally of wrought iron, but latterly of steel plate. The bridge has ornamented parapets incorporating polychrome reliefs of the town’s arms; and facias, originally of cast iron, but latterly replaced by ductile iron cast from the patterns of the originals, on which are mounted gothic lamps manufactured by the Saracen Foundry.
The current Abbey Bridge replaces a 3-arch stone-built bridge dating to around 1763. The new bridge was manufactured by a local shipbuilding company, Hanna, Donald & Wilson and erected in 1879; in 1933 it was widened. In 2009 it was refurbished in a £1.5 million, 6-month project by Raynesway Construction Ltd., involving replacement of the truss sections, parapets and facias in modern materials, but faithful to the original design; and blast-cleaning and painting of the original superstructure. The re-opened bridge, incorporating programmable-colour architectural lighting, has been painted red with gilt highlighting to replace a prior uniform grey colour scheme.
The bridge is classed by Historic Environment Scotland as a Grade B structure, denoting "buildings of regional or more than local importance, or major examples of some particular period, style or building type which may have been altered."
# Jelly Drops

Jelly Drops is a British confectionery company, based in London, England. It produces sugar-free gummy candy that is made of 95% water, designed to support increased hydration in people who are susceptible to becoming dehydrated. It was founded on 28 August 2018 by Lewis Hornby, who was inspired by his elderly grandmother Pat who had dementia and was hospitalized for dehydration. Jelly Drops are also vegan.

## History

Hornby, a 24-year-old Royal College of Art student, conceived of the idea when his grandmother almost died of dehydration. He spent a month in her nursing home and noted that while many people with dementia refused to drink, did not feel thirst or failed to recognize cups, they would still eat confections. He began prototyping sweets that would deliver water and electrolytes to such people, additionally using it as part of his Innovation Design Engineering degree.
When a video of Hornby and his grandmother sharing the treats was shared on Facebook, it received over 48 million views, with one viewer setting up a JustGiving page that raised more than £9,000 in order to help bring the product to market.
In 2019, Jelly Drops received a further £100,000 grant, along with access to a network of industry experts, from the Alzheimer's Society as part of their Accelerator Programme, designed to support products intending to improve care and lifestyle quality of those living with dementia. In return for the charity's investment, Jelly Drops pledged to donate 1% of its profits to help fund further Alzheimer's research.
Jelly Drops launched to the public in the United Kingdom in 2020, and in the United States in 2022. The confectionary is also reportedly used in healthcare settings including in NHS wards.

## Awards and accolades

* Pitch@Palace Award 2019
* World Innovation Forum IMAGINE IF! Award 2019
* Dubai Design Week Progress Prize finalist
* Dyson School of Design Engineering DESIRE Award for Social Impact
* Helen Hamlyn Design Awards 2018 - Snowdon Award For Disability
# European route E006

E 006 is a European B class road in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, connecting the cities Ayni – Kokand. Since European routes are not signposted in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, the E006 has never seen in a direction sign in any form.

## Route

* Tajikistan
** РБ01 РБ01 Road: Ayni (E 123) - Dehmoy - Khujand
** РБ14 РБ14 Road: Dehmoy - Ghafurov - Konibodom - Border of Uzbekistan
* Uzbekistan
** A376 Border of Tajikistan - Kokand (E 007)
# Safavid conquest of Bahrain

The Safavid conquest of Bahrain was a military campaign launched in 1602 to capture the island of Bahrain from the Portuguese. The Safavids expelled the Portuguese, ending their occupation of the island.
In 1521, the Portuguese invaded and captured the island of Bahrain. In 1601, the Persian general, Allahverdi Khan, conquered Lar, and put it under quasi-autonomous governorship. This was after its governor behaved treacherously towards Allahverdi, forcing him to capture Lar. The governor died during the siege. The capture of Lar allowed the Safavid Persians to control the coasts of the Persian Gulf, which brought them direct hostilities with the Portuguese in the Gulf.
In 1602, the governor of Bahrain, Rukn al-Din Mas'ud, who was the brother of the Hormuzi vizier, declared independence from Hormuz. Fearing a retaliation from the Portuguese fort in Bahrain, Rukn al-Din asked his relative, Mu'in al-Din Fali, for help. Fali asked for help from Allahverdi. Allahverdi saw this as a great opportunity to seize Bahrain since the Safavids saw it as belonging to Fars province. He then dispatched a force of musketeers to help Rukn al-Din. The Persian forces successfully expelled the Portuguese from their fort.
Rukn al-Din welcomed the Persians led by Allahverdi Khan; however, Allahverdi ordered Rukn al-Din to be executed, thus consolidating Safavid rule over Bahrain. The Safavids expected a Portuguese counterattack. The news of the fall reached Hormuz and a joint Portuguese-Hormuz materialized. Several engagements followed on land and sea during which Mu'in al-Din Fali was wounded and later died. The Safavids held out, emerged victorious, and the Portuguese forces retreated.