OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fritz Springmeier

Fritz Artz Springmeier (born Viktor E. Schoof, September 24, 1955) is an American author of conspiracy theory literature who has written a number of books claiming that a global elite who belong to Satanic bloodlines are conspiring to dominate the world. He has described his goal as "exposing the New World Order agenda."

## Life and career
### Early life

Springmeier's father, James E. Schoof, worked for the United States Agency for International Development as an international agriculturist, with a primary focus on developing the Balochistan area of Pakistan.

### Education

Springmeier received a Masters in English from the University of Kansas.

### Conspiracy theories

Springmeier, formerly a resident of Corbett, Oregon, has written and self-published a number of books based on the subject of the family lineage bloodlines of the Illuminati and their use of mind control. He has also endorsed the existence of Project Monarch, an alleged CIA mind control project, based partially on the assertions of author Cathy O'Brien.
Springmeier's early work, The Watchtower & the Masons, focuses on the relationship between Jehovah's Witnesses and Freemasonry. In this book he describes a relationship between Charles Taze Russell and the so-called "Eastern Establishment". Springmeier followed these links into Masonry and did a further examination of the Eastern establishment.

### Criminal conviction

On January 31, 2002, Springmeier was indicted in the United States District Court in Portland, Oregon in connection with an armed robbery. On February 12, 2003, he was found guilty of one count of armed bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113(a) and (d) and one count of aiding and abetting in the use of a semi-automatic rifle during the commission of a felony in violation of 18 U.S.C § 924(c)(1). In November 2003, he was sentenced to 51 months in prison on the armed robbery charge and 60 months on the aiding and abetting charge, fined $7,500, ordered to pay $6,488 in restitution, and assessed an additional $200. Springmeier's conviction was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He was imprisoned, and was released from federal prison on March 25, 2011.

## Personal life

Fritz Springmeier is married to Patricia Springmeier.

## Selected works

* Bloodlines of the Illuminati, Fritz Springmeier, Ambassador House, 1998, ISBN 0-9663533-2-3
* Deeper Insights into the Illuminati Formula, Wheeler, Fritz Springmeier, CreateSpace, 2010, ISBN 1-4515-0269-9
* The Illuminati Formula Used to Create an Undetectable Total Mind Controlled Slave, Cisco Wheeler, Fritz Springmeier, On Demand Publishing, 1996, ASIN B0006QXVU4, ISBN 1-4404-9022-8
# Ibrahim Haji al-Cherkessi

Ibrahim Haji al-Cherkessi was a Circassian Islamic scholar, a close companion of Imam Shamil, and a key figure in the resistance during the Caucasian War. Originally from Abadzekh (Western Circassia), he was known for his knowledge of Islamic law and his unwavering commitment to the Caucasian Imamate.

## Early life

Ibrahim Haji is from the Abadzekh tribe of Circassia, which was heavily affected by the Russian expansion into the Caucasus. He emigrated (became a muhajir) to Dagestan, joining Imam Shamil's resistance movement. By December 1846, he had been appointed as the kadiy (religious judge) for Circassian refugees in the Gekhi region of Chechnya, demonstrating his legal and theological expertise.

## Role in the Caucasian War

Ibrahim Haji al-Cherkessi was a steadfast supporter of Imam Shamil and actively participated in the resistance. He lived in the village of Dargho, one of the centers of Shamil's administration. Known for his asceticism and bravery, he advised Imam Shamil on strategic and spiritual matters, making him a trusted figure within the Imamate.
His commitment to the cause was evident during the siege of Gunib in 1859. Ibrahim was one of the few leaders who stayed by Imam Shamil's side until the very end. According to historical accounts, he was actively involved in discussions about surrender terms and reportedly suggested adding defiant words to letters sent to Russian commanders during negotiations.

## Death at Gunib

Ibrahim Haji al-Cherkessi was killed during the final assault on Gunib on 25 August 1859. His death marked the culmination of his life's devotion to defending the Islamic and cultural identity of the Caucasus against Russian conquest.

## Legacy

Despite limited historical records, Ibrahim Haji al-Cherkessi is remembered as a pious scholar, a fierce warrior, and a loyal companion of Imam Shamil. His role highlights the unity of various Caucasian ethnic groups under the Imamate and their collective struggle for independence. He is frequently mentioned in chronicles of the Caucasian War, including those by Muhammad al-Karahi and Abdurahman of Gazikumukh.
# United States of America Mathematical Talent Search

The United States of America Mathematical Talent Search (USAMTS) is a mathematics competition open to all United States students in or below high school.

## History

Professor George Berzsenyi initiated the contest in 1989 under the KöMaL model and under joint sponsorship of the Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology and the Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications.
As of 2021, the USAMTS is sponsored by the National Security Agency and administered by the Art of Problem Solving foundation. There were 718 participants in the 2004–2005 school year, with an average score of 49.25 out of 100.

## Format

The competition is proof and research based. Students submit proofs within the round's timeframe (usually a month), and return solutions by mail or upload their solutions in a PDF file through the USAMTS website. During this time, students are free to use any mathematical resources that are available, so long as it is not the help of another person. Carefully written justifications are required for each problem.
Prior to academic year 2010–2011 the competition consisted of four rounds of five problems each, covering all non-calculus topics. Students were given approximately one month to solve the questions. Each question is scored out of five points; thus, a perfect score is $100$.
In the academic year 2010–2011, the USAMTS briefly changed their format to two rounds of six problems each, and approximately six weeks are allotted for each round.
The current format consists of three problem sets, each five problems and lasting about a month each. Every question is still worth 5 points, making a perfect score $75$.

## Scoring

Every problem on the USAMTS is graded on a scale of 0 to 5, where a 0 is an answer that is highly flawed or incomplete and a 5 is a rigorous and well-written proof. As a result, possible scores over the three rounds range from 0 to 75. The solutions are graded every year by a volunteer group of university students and other people with professional mathematical experience. In addition to their scores, students receive detailed feedback on how they could improve their solutions if they attempt a problem but do not solve it.

## Historic score distribution

| Year | Participating Students | Average score |
| 2021–2022 | 387 | 34.80 |
| 2020–2021 | 687 | 29.48 |
| 2019–2020 | 488 | 27.54 |
| 2018–2019 | 503 | 33.00 |
| 2017–2018 | 626 | 28.84 |
| 2016–2017 | 617 | 33.53 |
| 2015–2016 | 714 | 30.43 |
| 2014–2015 | 777 | 28.09 |
| 2013–2014 | 417 | 27.01 |
| 2012–2013 | 508 | 32.70 |
| 2011–2012 | 488 | 27.54 |
| 2010–2011 | 425 | 24.02 |
| 2009–2010 | 567 | 33.55 |

## Prizes

Prizes are given to all contestants who place within a certain range. These prizes include a shirt from AoPS, software, and one or two mathematical books of varying difficulty. Prizes are also awarded to students with outstanding solutions in individual rounds. Further, after the third round, given a high enough score, a student may qualify to take the AIME exam even without qualifying through the AMC 10 or 12 competitions.
# KSAK

KSAK is the FM campus radio station of the Mt. San Antonio College in Walnut, California. Broadcasters and producers from local commercial radio stations teach classes at the college and supervise students who produce and announce news and music programming. The station broadcasts music in blocks of hip-hop, alternative rock, and pop music, interspersed with news and public service announcements.

## History

On December 21, 1972, the Mount San Antonio Community College District received the construction permit for 90.1 FM, broadcasting with 3.5 watts. The station went on the air January 2, 1974, after being a carrier current station. In fall 2011, the station was rebranded as "90.1 FM MtRock" after a management change at the college. The station is currently a rock format, playing rock from 1960 to today, as well as music from local Los Angeles artists and is operated by students at the college.
# Seenu Vasanthi Lakshmi

Seenu Vasanthi Lakshmi is a 2004 Telugu tragedy drama film directed by E. Srinivas. The film stars R. P. Patnaik playing the eponymous character of a blind village singer, along with Padmapriya (credited as Priya) and Navaneet Kaur in other prominent roles. The film is a remake of 1999 Malayalam film Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum. The film score and soundtrack was composed by R. P. Patnaik. The film though a commercial failure at the time of release has over time attained cult status, through several re-runs on television.

## Cast

* R. P. Patnaik as Seenu
* Priya as Vasanthi
* Navaneet Kaur as Lakshmi
* Prakash Raj as Appala Naidu
* Nutan Prasad as Danayya, Seenu's father
* Giri Babu as Rajanna, Seenu's uncle
* Sunil as Seenu's brother-in-law
* Raghu Babu
* Brahmanandam as Classical singer
* Radhika Chaudhari as Divya
* Vajja Venkata Giridhar
* Ali as Gopi (guest appearance in song "America Annadu")
* Tammareddy Bharadwaja as Rajugaru (in a special appearance)

## Production

The film was initially titled Nenu Vasanthi Lakshmi. The title was changed to Seenu Vasanthi Lakshmi after the failure of a similar titled film called Nenu Seetamahalakshmi (2003).

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack album was composed by R. P. Patnaik. Lyrics were penned by Kulasekhar. All the songs have been sung by R. P. Patnaik.

## Reception

A critic from Sify wrote that "Director E. Srinivas has faithfully adapted the original version and he has given us a stunning climax with a finesse not seen in usual Telugu cinema. Patnaik has given an extraordinarily detailed performance after doing a lot of homework. The actor has worked hard, moving one to tears, with his facial expression and body language". A critic from The Hindu wrote that "A WELL made film, which compellingly mirrors the helplessness and the subtle emotions of the visually impaired. It touches a chord somewhere within you, beseeching you to care for their travails and trauma and the pathos comes through deep and strong on the screen, impacting the viewer to mull on the subject".
# Samsung Galaxy Gio

Samsung Galaxy Gio (GT-S5660) is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung and running the Android operating system.
It was announced at the 2011 Mobile World Congress as one of four low-end Samsung smartphones, along with Galaxy Ace, Galaxy Fit and Galaxy Mini.
The Galaxy Gio phone made its Canadian debut in August 2011. Initially available to Bell Canada, the Gio was soon made available at Virgin Mobile Canada and Solo Mobile. Starting in December 2011, Galaxy Gio was also made available in the United States as Samsung Repp on U.S. Cellular.

## Features
### Hardware

Galaxy Gio has a 3.2 in (8.1 cm) HVGA multi-touch, capacitive touchscreen, a 3.2-megapixel camera with auto focus, and an 800 MHz Qualcomm MSM7227 & MSM7627 (Us Cellular) Turbo (ARMv6), 278 MB RAM, 158 Mb internal storage, 3G HSPA+, an FM radio with RDS support, GPS, Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, and a 1350 mAh battery. In addition to the phone's internal memory, the device has a MicroSD card slot, and comes with 2 Gb MicroSD card (as new). With that phone, the bundled MicroSD card is the main location for storage of apps and user-generated data, such as photos and multimedia.

### Software

Galaxy Gio originally came with Android 2.2 "Froyo", with Samsung's TouchWiz user interface.
In early August 2011, Samsung officially rolled out the 2.3 "Gingerbread" update via Kies. In September 2011, Samsung rolled out an update in the Netherlands marked "PDA:KPS PHONE:KPA CSC:KP1 (XEN)".
Users can also upgrade to Android 2.3.6 "Gingerbread" via Samsung Kies, and as of October 2012, Android 2.3.4 and 2.3.6 had come preinstalled on many Gios sold throughout the world.
Changes associated with the 2.3.6 update include a new lockscreen, a new phone icon, the blue-glow scrolling effect, and a few other cosmetic changes related to the system UI.
Samsung has not made Android 4.1 available for Gio due to its less powerful hardware, though users can upgrade via Root and ClockworkMod Recovery. MaclawStudio has also made available a bugless and stable port of the AOSP-ROM – both 4.0.x Ice Cream Sandwich and 4.1 Jelly Bean.
Because the native Android browser is outdated, modern websites can be visited with Firefox for Android by Mozilla. As the Galaxy Gio phone contains a central processor based on ARMv6 architecture, then the most recent Firefox version for ARMv6 devices is 31.3.0esr, released on 17 October 2015. Mozilla have since ceased development for this CPU architecture. The primary method to reduce Firefox resource usage is to install the NoScript Anywhere addon.
# Sidebottom v Kershaw, Leese & Co Ltd

Sidebottom v Kershaw, Leese & Co Ltd [1920] 1 Ch 154 is a UK company law case, concerning the alteration of a company's constitution, and the rights of a minority shareholder.

## Facts

The company's articles of association were changed to allow for the compulsory purchase of shares of any shareholder who was competing with the company. One shareholder was competing with the company and challenged the alteration. He argued that a previous case, Brown v British Abrasive Wheel Co where a change for compulsory share purchase was held invalid as not being bona fide for the benefit of the company as a whole, should be applied here too.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held that the article alteration was clearly valid, and very much for the benefit of the company. The court made clear that in Brown v British Abrasive Wheel Co Ashbury J had been wrong to regard good faith alterations and the company’s benefit as two separate ideas. The important question was whether the alteration for the benefit of the company as a whole.
# J. Edward Hutchinson

J. Edward Hutchinson (October 13, 1914 – July 22, 1985) was an American lawyer and politician from the state of Michigan. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Michigan's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1963 to 1977.

## Early life

Hutchinson was born in Fennville, Michigan and graduated from Fennville High School in 1932. He graduated from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor in 1936, and was a member of Acacia fraternity. He graduated from the University of Michigan Law School in 1938, and was admitted to the State Bar of Michigan that same year. Hutchinson thereupon established a law practice in Allegan, Michigan.
Hutchinson enlisted as a private in the United States Army in January 1941, served as a noncommissioned officer in the Fourteenth Coast Artillery, as a captain in the Transportation Corps, and was discharged in April 1946.

## Political career

Hutchinson was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in 1946 and 1948, and was a member of the Michigan Senate, 1951-1960. He was a delegate to the 1948 Republican National Convention and chairman of the Republican State convention in April 1952. He was delegate and vice president of the constitutional convention, in 1961 and 1962 that resulted in the Michigan Constitution of 1963.
Hutchinson was elected as a Republican from Michigan's 4th congressional district to the 88th United States Congress and to the six succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1963 to January 3, 1977). He was not a candidate for reelection in 1976. He was the ranking Republican on the Judiciary Committee during the impeachment process against Richard Nixon. Although long considered loyal to Nixon, in August 1974 Hutchinson called for Nixon's resignation or impeachment because of the Watergate scandal. He had voted against the articles of impeachment in committee, but joined his colleagues in announcing his support for impeachment on the House floor.

## Later life

Hutchinson returned to Fennville after retiring from Congress. He died in Naples, Florida on July 22, 1985, at the age of 70 years. He is buried at the Fennville Cemetery.
# Sibert

Sibert may refer to:

## People

* Edwin L. Sibert (1897–1977), U.S. Army major general
* Franklin C. Sibert (1891–1980), U.S. Army major general
* Jordan Sibert (born 1992), American basketball player
* Paul Siefert (1586–1666), also spelled Sibert, German composer and organist
* Sam Sibert (born 1949), American basketball player
* William L. Sibert (1860–1935), U.S. Army major general

## Places

* Sibert, Haiti, a village
* Sibert, Kentucky, United States, a coal town
* Sibert Lake, Waseca County, Minnesota, United States
* Camp Sibert, Alabama, a U.S. Army chemical weapons training facility

## Other uses

* Sibert Medal for most distinguished informational book for children
# Brian López

Brian López Nina (born 20 November 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bolivian Primera División club Real Santa Cruz. Born in Spain, he plays for the Dominican Republic national team.

## International career

López made his international debut for the Dominican Republic in 2019.
# 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone

2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ) is a chemical compound, classified as a benzoquinone, that has been found in Rauvolfia vomitoria and in Tibouchina pulchra.

## Toxicity

At physiological concentrations 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone is an antibacterial substance. At higher concentrations there is evidence that it is mutagenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and hepatotoxic. Some reports have challenged its mutagenicity and others exclude such a possibility.
# Raaga (radio station)

Raaga (formerly THR Raaga, stylised as raaga) is a Malaysian Tamil-language radio station operated by Astro Radio. In 2015, as according to Nielsen RAM Survey Wave #1, THR Raaga maintained its position as Malaysia's leading Tamil-language station with over two million listeners. It also emerged as South East Asia's No.1 Tamil radio station by beating state-owned Minnal FM and Singapore-based Oli 96.8FM.
The station is well known for its breakfast show, Kalakkal Kaalai, which began broadcasting on 1 August 2006. The Hindi Power is also carried on the station since early 2010, which was previously broadcast on Gegar.
THR Raaga became a 24-hour radio station on all FM frequencies for the first time in July 2018, removing the entire Gegar broadcasts during 02:00 to 06:00. Previously, Raaga's broadcasts during these hours was only available via online and Channel 859 Astro.

## History

The radio station began broadcasting on 9 September 1994, after having started test transmission nine days before (31 August). It was known as TIME Highway Radio until 2005 and includes segments in Malay (Gegar), English and for a short period, in Mandarin (Mun Toh Tak), with Tamil-language segment (Raaga) being introduced later, as well as Hindi Power, a segment that focused mainly on Bollywood music. By March 2002, Tamil programs on THR accounted for 40 percent of THR's daily broadcasting time. AMP Radio Networks acquires the radio station in 2005 to relaunch a brand new radio channel to broadcast in Tamil.
From 2 January 2018, with the reformulation of radio stations owned by Astro, the "THR Raaga" name was simplified to Raaga, ending the usage of THR name after 23 years. The change also happens to THR Gegar, which is now known as Gegar. As with other radio stations within Astro Radio group, the "FM" suffix is no longer used and a new logo was given to each of the radio stations.

## Frequency

| Frequencies | Area | Transmitter |
| 99.3 MHz | Klang Valley | Gunung Ulu Kali |
| 102.4 MHz | Perlis, Alor Setar, Kedah and Penang | Mount Jerai |
| 101.9 MHz | Langkawi, Kedah | Gunung Raya |
| 102.1 MHz | Taiping, Perak | Bukit Larut |
| 97.9 MHz | Ipoh, Perak | Gunung Kledang |
| 101.5 MHz | Seremban, Negeri Sembilan | Mount Telapak Buruk |
| 99.7 MHz | Malacca | Mount Ophir |
| 103.7 MHz | Johor Bahru, Johor and Singapore | Mount Pulai |
(Via satellite TV)
* Astro: Channel 859
Note: Raaga can be received in Pahang via existing frequencies below:
- 99.3 MHz in Bentong, Karak, Raub, Lurah Bilut, Lanchang, Temerloh, Mentakab, Benta, Padang Tengku, Kuala Lipis, Sungai Ruan, Chenor, Maran, Jengka, Pekan, Gambang and part of Kuantan. (from Gunung Ulu Kali)
- 101.5 MHz in Bandar Bera (from Gunung Telapak Buruk)
- 99.7 MHz in Kemayan, Teriang, Jerantut, Raub, Mengkarak, Kota Shahbandar, Bandar Muadzam Shah, and Bandar Tun Abdul Razak (Keratong) (from Gunung Ledang)
- 97.9 MHz in Cameron Highlands (from Gunung Kledang)

## Awards

* Kancil Festival 2007 - Silver Award

## Gallery

* Previous logo.
# United Jharkhand Party

United Jharkhand Party, a political party in India, founded on 1948 by Justin Richard, leader of Adivasi Mahasabha Jaipal Singh joined the UJP. Singh would later launch the Jharkhand Party.
Another party with the same name appeared in Indian politics in 1991.