OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xyleborus glabratus

Xyleborus glabratus, the redbay ambrosia beetle, is a type of ambrosia beetle invasive in the United States. It has been documented as the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, the fungus that causes laurel wilt, a disease that can kill several North American tree species in the family Lauraceae, including redbay, sassafras, and avocado.

## Distribution

Xyleborus glabratus is native to Asia, including India, Japan, Myanmar, and Taiwan. It was first detected in the United States in 2002, and may have arrived in wood products, packing materials or pallets. X. glabratus and laurel wilt disease have since spread through much of the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains, ranging from eastern Texas and Arkansas to North Carolina, and in 2019 they were found in Kentucky and Tennessee.

## Identification
### Adult

The female redbay ambrosia beetle is a small (2.1 to 2.4 mm long), black or amber-brown, cigar-shaped beetle. The dorsal surface is mostly hairless and shiny when compared to other ambrosia beetles. They can be specifically identified by characters present on the elytral declivity, including its steep and convex shape when compared to other Xyleborus, and by the large size of indentations on the elytra.

### Larvae and pupae

The larvae of the beetle are similar in appearance to others of the group, developing as a white and legless "worm" with an amber-colored head capsule. The pupae are whitish, exarate (with free appendages), and similar in size to the adult.

## Biology

The redbay ambrosia beetle is believed to originate from Asia or southeast Asia. Males are haploid, smaller in size, and flightless. The beetle's biology is poorly documented, but presumed to be similar to that of other ambrosia beetles, with larvae and adults feeding on the symbiotic fungus it carries with it, and not the wood of the host tree. The spores of the fungus are carried in mycangia at the base of each mandible.
Larval development time takes from fifty to sixty days. Studied populations increase steadily in size until late summer and early fall without distinct population peaks, leading researchers to believe that there are overlapping generations with year-round reproduction for the insect.

## History of expansion

The redbay ambrosia beetle can spread in at least two ways: one is via the beetle's natural reproduction and migration. A second way is through the sale and transport of beetle-infested wood, a result of redbay's use as firewood and for outdoor grilling.
The beetle was first detected in the United States in 2002, in Port Wentworth, Georgia. It has been suggested that this insect was introduced to the country on the wood of packing crates. The significance of these detections became apparent when the beetle was linked to and identified as the vector of laurel wilt, a fungal disease that had been killing large numbers of redbay trees. The fungus grows throughout the xylem of the tree, preventing the flow of water and nutrients throughout the plant. Host tree death can occur from four to eleven weeks after inoculation.
# Jørn Lund (cyclist)

Jørn Lund (born 26 August 1944) is a former Danish cyclist who competed in multiple Summer Olympics. He took part in the men's 100 km team time trial in the 1972 and 1976 Olympic Games. His 1976 team, which also included Verner Blaudzun, Gert Frank, and Jørgen Hansen, won a bronze medal, finishing behind the Soviet Union and Poland and beating out West Germany and Czechoslovakia for third place.
# Socialist Unionist Party (Syria)

The Socialist Unionist Party (Arabic: حزب الوحدويين الاشتراكيين Al-Wahdawiyyun Al-Ishtirakiyyun) is a Nasserist political party in Syria. The party was founded in 1962 through a split in the Ba'ath Party. During the Ba'athist era, it was part of the National Progressive Front of legally permitted parties that supported socialism and Arab nationalism. The party leader is Fayiz Ismail. Abdullah Sallum Abdullah, a member of this party, ran for president in the 2021 election.
Following the fall of the Assad regime, the party was banned by the Syrian transitional government due to its support for the dictatorship.

## Election results
### Presidential elections

| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
| 2021 | Abdullah Sallum Abdullah | 213,968 | 1.50% | Non-elected N |

### Syrian People's Assembly elections

| Election | Seats | +/– |
| 1973 | 1 / 250 | 3 |
| 1977 | 3 / 250 | 2 |
| 1981 | 8 / 250 | 5 |
| 1986 | 8 / 250 | |
| 1990 | 7 / 250 | 1 |
| 1994 | 7 / 250 | |
| 1998 | 7 / 250 | |
| 2003 | 0 / 250 | 7 |
| 2007 | 6 / 250 | 6 |
| 2012 | 18 / 250 | 12 |
| 2016 | 2 / 250 | 16 |
| 2020 | 2 / 250 | |
| 2024 | 2 / 250 | |
# Valdrada of Sicily

Valdrada of Sicily (died c. 1252) was a Sicilian princess and the Dogaressa of Venice by her marriage to Doge Jacopo Tiepolo (r. 1229–1249).
Born at the very latest in 1194, Valdrada was the youngest child of King Tancred of Sicily and Sibylla of Acerra. Her father died in 1194, and her brother was deposed later that same year, by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who also captured Constance, her mother and her two sisters.
She married the Doge in 1242, after the death of his former dogaressa Maria Storlato (d. 1240). The wedding followed that of her sister Constance who had been married to her husband's predecessor as doge to confirm the Treaty of Venice between Sicily and Venice.
Her royal status and 'ostentation of Regal rank' in the Venetian Court has been suggested to have influenced the promulgation of what was called the "Promissione", which was instigated in 1242 and which stated that the Doge was not the executive Head of the State but only the executor of the orders of the council, and was no longer to be given homage; nor was the dogaressa or any relatives of her to be given any form of public office or power position, nore where they allowed to have a court or household larger than twenty-five free retainers and twenty-five slaves.
Dogaressa Valdrada has been described as dominant and forceful and is said to have had a great deal of control over her husband and the affairs of Venice. Reportedly, she had:
    ...good commonsense, and sound probity of life, and she assumed at once an unquestioned control over the actions of her Consort, strong man though he was. Like her sister, the Dowager Dogaressa Costanza, she was a virago, in the sense of a strong personality; and she followed in her sister's steps, ruling not alone her husband, but bending to her will all with whom she was thrown in contact.
Following Jacopo's resignation in early 1249, she lived with him at his private residence at Sant' Agostino, in San Polo. He died on 19 July 1249. She is said to have died three years later.
It is stated by Edgcumbe Staley in The Dogaressas of Venice that Valdrada had two young children. The accuracy of this statement is questionable, as at the time of her marriage to the Doge she was already well into her forties, and perhaps beyond the years of childbearing.
# Chroma Cnife

Chroma Cutlery (also known as Chroma Cnife, and styled CHROMA) is a kitchen knife-maker based in Demorest, Georgia, US, founded in 1989. Chroma also produces spice grinders, knife sharpening stones, kitchen shears and other cooking accessories. The company also manufactures products for other brands.

## Overview

The company is owned by Garwick Industries Ltd.. Chroma's main market is Europe.
The Chroma knife range starts from US$20 for a quality Chinese made knife to US$25,000 by an original knife of Japanese Master Okishiba Masakuni. In 2023 Garwick sold its HAIKU Ranges to HAIKU International, a French-based importer.

## Product line

Chroma's main series include:
* Type 301 – a stainless steel knife range designed by German designer F. A. Porsche in cooperation with professional chefs
* Sharpening stones – whetstones for knives
* ProCuTe – a spice grinder with titanium cutting gear

## Professional users

Chroma knives target professional users. Some celebrity chefs like Bocuse d'or winners use Chroma knives. The knives are most popular in European countries, primarily Germany, France, Sweden and Belgium.

## Awards

* Focus Way of Life – International Design Award, Federal German State Baden-Württemberg, 2002 for Chroma type 301
* Formexpriset 2003 – Stockholmmässan Nordic Design Award, 2003 for Chroma type 301
* Adolf Loos Staatspreis Design 2003 – for Chroma type 301
* IF Design Award 2005 – for Chroma type 301
* Stiftung Warentest, Germany: Knife Test: Chroma Haiku 2nd Place
* Der Feinschmecker "Must have" – "Product of the month" of Germany's leading Gourmet magazine, May 2010 for Chroma ProCuTe Spice Grinder
* Best knife in test – for Chroma type 301 P-18 by "Test Fakta" – Nordic Test institute, Sweden – for best quality and performance
# Iota2 Librae

Iota$^2$ Librae is a faint, sixth-magnitude star situated in the zodiacal constellation Libra. It has a stellar spectrum of A2V. This indicate that it is in the main sequence. Parallax measurements imply a distance of 89 parsecs (290 ly) from Earth. At this distance, interstellar extinction caused by interveining gas and dust makes Iota$^2$ Librae 0.44 magnitudes fainter as seen from Earth. The star is currently drifting closer at 7.61 km/s.
This A-type star has 84% more mass and 2.3 times the radius of the Sun. It is about 360 million years old, is 20 times more energetic and 48% hotter than the Sun, its surface has an effective temperature of 8,526 K. It is also known by its Flamsteed designation 25 Librae, Iota$^2$ Librae is the Bayer designation, with the corresponding Greek letter being shared with another star, Iota$^1$ Librae. Other designations, like HD 134967 or HR 5656, are catalogue entries.
# Electric Youth (song)

"Electric Youth" is a song by American singer-songwriter-actress Debbie Gibson. The song was solely written by Gibson and produced by Fred Zarr. It was released on March 17, 1989 as the second single from the album of the same name (1989) by Atlantic Records. Gibson had written the song as a statement about how young people of that era were seen and how their ideas were often ignored. As a teenager herself, she was a firm believer that the beliefs and ideas held by young people were just as important as those held by adults and the song reminded people of this. It also reminded them that the current youth would become the next generation of adults.
"Electric Youth" became one of Gibson's most famous singles of her career, peaking at number eleven on the US Billboard Hot 100, while also entering the top forty in twelve other countries including top ten positions in Israel, the Netherlands, and Panama. In 2012, Gibson re-recorded the song as "Electric Youth Reloaded", featuring arrangement and rap lyrics by American actor Jace Hall.

## Content

Unlike the majority of Gibson's songs at the time, which focused on finding or losing love, "Electric Youth" is an anthem with her calling for her generation to be heard.

## Critical reception

Bryan Buss from AllMusic described the song as "a bouncy, frenetic song that is ridiculously sing-alongable, but at the same it is time hard to really identify with it unless you're 12 (or at least young at heart)." The Daily Vault's Christopher Thelen noted that it "capture[s] the playfulness of Gibson's music and the carefree feeling of youth." Pop Rescue said it is "by far the best song" on the album.

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Gibson and Jim Yukich and was nominated at the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Art Direction In A Video.
In 2006, elements of the music video (particularly the silhouette dance clips) were parodied by Cobie Smulders in the sitcom How I Met Your Mother for her character Robin Sparkles' own 1990s ("The 80's didn't come to Canada 'til like '93.") hit single, "Let's Go to the Mall."

## Track listing

All songs are written by Deborah Gibson
# Samuel W. Dana

Samuel Whittlesey Dana (February 13, 1760 – July 21, 1830) was an American lawyer and politician from Middletown, Connecticut. He represented Connecticut in both the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate.

## Biography

Born in Wallingford in the Connecticut Colony, Dana matriculated at Yale College in 1771 at the age of 11 and graduated in 1775 at the age of 15. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1778, and practiced in Middletown, Connecticut.

## Family

His father was the clergyman James Dana (1735–1812), who was a nephew of Richard Dana (1699–1772), a lawyer. Richard Dana was, in turn, a descendant through Caleb, the second son of Daniel, who was the youngest son of Richard Dana. The latter Richard Dana came from England, settled in Cambridge in 1640, and died there around 1695. According to family tradition, this Richard Dana was the son of a French Huguenot who settled in England in 1629.
On July 13, 1821, Dana married Mary (or Maria) Pomeroy Alsop, the widow of the poet Richard Alsop. Maria was the daughter of Eleazer Wheelock Pomeroy and Mary Wyllys. Her brother, Samuel Wyllys Pomeroy, was the founder of the town of Pomeroy, Ohio, which was developed with the help of his son-in-law, Valentine Baxter Horton. Valentine Baxter Horton married Clara Alsop Pomeroy, who was a niece-by-marriage of Mr. Dana. The bimetalist Samuel Dana Horton was named after Mr. Dana, who was Valentine Baxter Horton's law tutor.

## Career

Dana was a member of the Connecticut General Assembly from 1789 to 1796, and unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1793. Afterward he was elected to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Uriah Tracy, and served from January 3, 1797 to May 10, 1810. There he was chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Elections, and was one of the impeachment managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1798 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against William Blount, a Senator from Tennessee.
Dana was elected as a Federalist in 1810 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James Hillhouse. He was reelected in 1814 and served from December 4, 1810, to March 3, 1821. He was one of the 13 Senators who voted against war with Britain on June 17, 1812, but 19 Senators voted for war. In 1814, Dana was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.
Dana was mayor of Middletown from 1822 until his death in 1830. He was also the presiding judge of the Middlesex County Court from 1825 until his death.

## Death

Dana died in Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut on July 21, 1830 (age 70 years, 158 days). He is interred at Washington Street Cemetery, Middletown.
# Prairie City, Kansas

Prairie City is a ghost town in southeast Douglas County, Kansas, United States, near present-day Baldwin City.

## History

Prairie City was founded in 1855 by James Lane, William Graham, Louis (Lewis) Green, and Salmon Prouty after a dispute between Graham and Henry Barricklow of nearby Palmyra. A post office opened in 1856, with John Winton serving as postmaster. The Heber Institute was started by the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1856 but never opened. The building became Prairie City School District No. 1.
The first printing press in Kansas was used in Prairie City by Prouty to publish The Freeman's Champion, which ran for 40 weeks. Prouty bought the press in 1857 from the Ottawa Baptist Mission in Franklin County. Prouty would leave Prairie City in 1868 and move to Topeka, where he would found the Topeka Journal which would later merge to become the Topeka Capital-Journal
Prairie City was incorporated on February 4, 1859 and at one time had three general stores and three hotels. Prairie City was the rendezvous point for John Brown and his men the night before initiating the Battle of Black Jack. When the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Fort Gibson railroad laid tracks through the area, there was a depot at Baldwin and another, two miles southwest at Prairie City. Thinking that was impractical, a new depot was built between the two towns and was named "Media". The Prairie City post office, opened in 1856, was moved to Media in 1878, and was finally closed in 1903. The Media library was used as a tool shed in the Prairie City Cemetery for years until being razed in 2012.
On March 24, 1883, Douglas County commissioners had certain streets and alleys vacated. Today, little remains to mark the city except a few houses, a cemetery and the ruins of an old Catholic church. The Midland Railway from Baldwin passes by a sign pointing out where the depot, newspaper, post office and store were once located.
# Marine Fauthoux

Marine Fauthoux (born 23 January 2001) is a French basketball player for Çukurova Basketbol of the Women's Basketball Super League. She has played for the French national team in the Tokyo 2020 and the Paris 2024 Olympic games.
She is the daughter of Frédéric Fauthoux [fr], former point guard of Élan Béarnais and of the French national team, now head coach of JL Bourg Basket and France men's national basketball team.

## Career

She represented France at the FIBA Women's EuroBasket 2019.
# Mungalli

Mungalli is a rural locality in the Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Mungalli had a population of 40 people.

## Geography

The Beatrice River forms the south-eastern boundary of the locality.
Campbells Hill is in the west of the locality (17°32′47″S 145°40′01″E﻿ / ﻿17.5465°S 145.6669°E﻿ / -17.5465; 145.6669﻿ (Campbells Hill)), rising to 790 metres (2,590 ft) above sea level.
The Palmerston Highway enters the locality from the south (Wooroonooran) and exits to the north-west (Millaa Millaa / Ellinjaa).
The land use is predominantly grazing on a mixture of native vegetation and planted pastures. Much of the land is undeveloped bushland.

## History

Brook's Road State School opened circa 1927 and closed in 1954. It was at 12 Campbell Road (corner of Brooks Road, 17°32′09″S 145°40′21″E﻿ / ﻿17.5359°S 145.6725°E﻿ / -17.5359; 145.6725﻿ (Brook's Road State School (former))).

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Mungalli had a population of 44 people.
In the 2021 census, Mungalli had a population of 40 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Mungalli. The nearest government primary school is Millaa Millaa State School in neighbouring Millaa Millaa to the west. The nearest government secondary school is Malanda State High School in Malanda to the north-west. There is a Catholic primary school in Ravenshoe.

## Economy

Established in 2000, Mungalli Creek Dairy is an organic dairy farm and one of only two certified biodynamic dairy farms in Australia. In 2021, it opened an expanded milk processing facility with the assistance of Queensland Government funding. It is at 254 Brooks Road (17°32′30″S 145°41′13″E﻿ / ﻿17.54154°S 145.68708°E﻿ / -17.54154; 145.68708﻿ (Mungalli Creek Dairy)). Visitors are welcome and there is a cafe in the former farmhouse.

## Attractions

Mungalli Falls is a waterfall in the south-east of the locality at 296 Junction Road (17°33′03″S 145°41′52″E﻿ / ﻿17.55085°S 145.69790°E﻿ / -17.55085; 145.69790﻿ (Mungalli Falls)). There is a platypus viewing area near the falls.
# Gamone Pwint

Ga Mone Pwint (Burmese: ဂမုန်းပွင့်; GMP) is a Burmese conglomerate. Ga Mone Pwint is presently headed by Managing Director Nay Lynn Oo. The company runs major shopping centers in Yangon.

## Stores

* Myaynigone Ga Mone Pwint
* Bogalay Ga Mone Pwint
* Thein Gyi Zay Ga Mone Pwint
* Kaba Aye Ga Mone Pwint
* San Yeik Nyein Ga Mone Pwint
* Kan Taw Lay Ga Mone Pwint (Wholesale Mall)
# Vasyl Betsa

Vasyl Mykhaylovych Betsa (Ukrainian: Василь Михайлович Беца; born 28 September 1996) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a right-back.
# Simon Mawer

Simon Mawer (/mɔːr/ MOR; 18 September 1948 – 12 February 2025) was a British author who lived in Italy.

## Early life and work

Born in England and educated at Millfield School in Somerset and at Brasenose College, Oxford, Mawer took a degree in zoology and worked as a biology teacher for most of his life. He published his first novel, Chimera, (Hamish Hamilton, 1989) at the comparatively late age of forty-one. It won the McKitterick Prize for a first novel by an author over the age of forty. Mendel's Dwarf (1997) followed three works of modest success and established him as a writer of note on both sides of the Atlantic. The New York Times described it as a "thematically ambitious and witty novel". Uzo optioned film rights, and then later Barbra Streisand optioned them.
The novels The Gospel of Judas (2000) and The Fall (2003) came next, followed by Swimming to Ithaca (2006), a novel partially inspired by his childhood on the island of Cyprus. He then published another non-fiction book, Gregor Mendel: Planting the Seeds of Genetics (2006), published in conjunction with the Field Museum of Chicago as a companion volume to the museum's concurrent exhibition of the same name.
In 2009 he published The Glass Room, a novel about a modernist villa Tugendhat built in a Czech city. His 2012 book The Girl Who Fell from the Sky (Trapeze in the US) was received positively on both sides of the Atlantic, described as "a professionally crafted and engaging story" and a "skillfully and intelligently executed thriller". In 2015 he published Tightrope, a follow-on to The Girl Who Fell from the Sky. Tightrope has been described as "...skillful and evocative examination of a mind under stress. Most recently, he wrote Prague Spring (2018) about Brits living in and travelling through Czechoslovakia during both the Prague Spring and subsequent Warsaw Pact invasion.

## Personal life and death

Mawer lived in Rome from 1977, teaching biology at St. George's British International School in Rome. He was married with two children. Mawer died on 12 February 2025, at the age of 76.
# Theta nigrum

The theta nigrum (lit. 'black theta') or theta infelix (lit. 'unlucky theta') is a symbol of death in Greek and Latin epigraphy. Isidore of Seville notes the letter was appended after the name of a deceased soldier and finds of papyri containing military records have confirmed this use. Additionally it can be seen in the Gladiator Mosaic.
The term theta nigrum was coined by Theodor Mommsen. It consists of a circle with a horizontal line. The theta signified Thanatos, the Greek deity of death.