OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad

Abdul Karim (1871–1953), known as Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad, was a Bengali littérateur, historian of Bangla literature and collector and interpreter of old Bangla manuscripts.

## Early life

Karim was born in Suchakradandi village, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Patiya Upazila, Chittagong District, Bangladesh). He passed his Entrance Examination in 1893 from Patiya High School. He served as a teacher in few schools. He later joined the office of the Divisional Commissioner of Chittagong and became Divisional Inspector of schools. He retired from the position in 1934.

## Literary career

Abdul Karim was given title called "Sahitya Bisharod" which means literary expert. He had a special research interest in Muslim contribution to Bengali Literature in the medieval period. He collected puthis (old Bangla manuscripts). The Bangiya Sahitya Parisad published his catalog of Bengali manuscripts titled Bangala Prachin Puthir Bivaran in two volumes in 1920–21. The Department of Bengali of the University of Dhaka published a catalog of the manuscripts preserved in the University Library under the title Puthi Parichiti.
Karim edited and published eleven old Bengali texts and a book on the history and culture of Chittagong, titled Islamabad. Daulat Qazi, Alaol, Syed Sultan and Muhamad Khan were notable Bengali poets. Karim discovered about a hundred Muslim poets whose names and works were not known before.
Literary Association of Nadia honored him with the title of Sahitya Sagar and Chattal Dharmamandali Sabha gave him the title of Sahitya Visharad.

## Legacy

The Government of Bangladesh conferred Independence Day Award to Karim posthumously in 1995.
# Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury

Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury (22 July 1926 – 14 December 1971) was a prominent Bengali essayist, prized scholar of Bengali literature, educator and linguist of the Bengali language.

## Early life and education

Born in Khalishpur village, in Noakhali in East Bengal to Bazlur Rahman Chaudhury and Mahfuza Khatun, Chaudhury lost his father when he was nine. Facing financial difficulties, his mother arranged for his education at the Ahmediya High English School, from where he passed his matriculation examination securing fourth place under the University of Calcutta. After passing his intermediate from the Dhaka College, he went to study Bengali honors at the Scottish Church College, in Kolkata. Later he moved to the Visva-Bharati University, where he studied Bengali under the syllabus of the University of Calcutta, and passed his honors as a non-collegiate student in 1946. He made history by becoming the first Muslim to stand first class first in the BA (honors) examination from the Bengali department of Calcutta University, that too with record marks and a gold medal. He was awarded 'Sahitya Bharati' by the Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan. He topped his class in the master's examination in Shantiniketan.

## Career

Chaudhury joined the Pakistan Radio in Dhaka in 1949, and was a lecturer at Jagannath College before becoming a teacher at the Department of Bengali at the University of Dhaka having actually to sit for another master's exam because DU wouldn't accept his Bishwabharati degree and again coming first in his class, in 1953, in Bengali from the University of Dhaka. He joined DU in 1955. In 1957, he joined the School of Oriental and African Studies to study linguistics for two years. His research on the works and the philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore was felicitated and in 1970, he became an external examiner for Bengali at the University of Dhaka.

## Death

Chaudhury was one of the leading Bengali intellectuals who were killed by collaborators of Pakistan Army on 14 December, two days before the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War.
On 14 December, which is observed as Martyred Intellectuals Day, a group of Al-Badr people took away the eminent intellectual from his house. His wife, Dolly Chaudhury, recognized one of the Al-Badr militants when the cover that hid the assassin's face was pulled by her husband. The person was Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin.
On 3 November 2013, Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, a Muslim leader based in London, and Ashrafuz Zaman Khan, based in the US, were sentenced in absentia after the court found that they were involved in the abduction and murders of 18 people – nine Dhaka University teachers including Chaudhury, six journalists, and three physicians – in December 1971.
# Abul Fazal (writer)

Abul Fazal (1 July 1903–4 May 1983) was a Bangladeshi writer and academic. He served as the 4th vice-chancellor of University of Chittagong. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1962 and Independence Day Award in 2012 (posthumously).

## Early life and education

Fazal was born at Satkania Upazila in Chittagong District in 1903 to Moulvi Fazlur Rahman, an Imam of Chittagong Jame Masjid. Fazal earned B.A. from the University of Dhaka. He passed M.A. in Bengali language and literature from Calcutta University in 1940.

## Career

Fazal began his career as an Imam. He taught in multiple schools as a teacher. In 1941, he became a professor of Krishnanagar College and later of Chittagong College. He served as the vice-chancellor of the University of Chittagong from 1973 to 1975.
Fazal served as a member in charge of education and culture of the advisory council of the Government of Bangladesh during 1975–23 June 1977.

## Works

Fazal wrote in a variety of genres: novels, short stories, plays, memoirs, travels etc. He also wrote about religion. Some of his writings include Matir Prthibi (1940), Bichitra Katha (1940), Rekhachitra (1966) and Durdiner Dinlipi (1972).

### Novels

* Chouchir (Splintered, 1934)
* Prodip O Patongo (Torch and Insects, 1940)
* Ranga Probhat (The Crimson Dawn, 1957)
* Khuda O Asha (Hunger and Hope, 1964).

## Awards

* Bangla Academy Literary Award (1962)
* President's National Award (1966)
* Adamjee Literary Award (1966)
* Honorary Doctorate from the University of Dhaka (1974)
* The Nasiruddin Gold Medal (1980)
* The Muktadhara Literary Award (1981)
* The Abdul Hai Literary Award (1982)
* Independence Day Award (2012)
# Hasan Hafizur Rahman

Hasan Hafizur Rahman (Bengali: হাসান হাফিজুর রহমান;1932–1983) became the editor of the daily Bengali newspaper Danik Bangla right after the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. He also worked for the government as a high official and edited an account of the independence struggle called The Liberation War of Bangladesh, which was published in sixteen volumes. He was the author of thirteen books including eight collections of poetry and Adhunik Kobi O Kobita (Modern Poets and Poetry), a book of critical essays.

## Awards

* Adamjee Literary Award (1967)
* Bangla Academy Literary Award (1971)
* Ekushey Padak (!984)
# Quamrul Haider

Quamrul Haider is a Bangladeshi-American professor of physics at Fordham University. He was awarded the Independence Award, the highest civilian award in Bangladesh.

## Early life and edudcation

Haider completed his bachelor's and master's in Physics at the University of Dhaka. He finished his second master's in Physics at the University of Illinois Chicago. He completed his PhD in physics at the Indiana University Bloomington.

## Career

Haider worked as a research associate at Los Alamos. He then worked as a research associate at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
In 1988, Haider joined the physics department at Fordham University.
In 2012, Haider was awarded the Independence Award.
# Mosharraf Hossain (boxer)

Mosharraf Hossain is a former Bangladeshi boxer who won the first ever medal for Bangladesh in 1986 Asian Games. He won bronze medal in light heavyweight (81 kg) event. He also won a gold medal in the 1985 South Asian Games. Hossain was awarded the 1999 National Sports Awards.

## Early life

Hossain was born in Rajshahi district. He was an athlete in his childhood. He liked running, high jump, long jump, shot put. He stood second in shot put in Bangladesh inter-school competition in 1975.

## Career

After watching Ali and Foreman's boxing event The Rumble in the Jungle, Hossain was really inspired to be a boxer. He was able to meet his hero in 1989 South Asian Games, Muhammad Ali was present to inaugurate the event. Hossain joined Bangladesh Army Services Team in 1976 as warrant officer and retired from the team in 2005.
Mosharraf Hossain won a gold medal in 1985 South Asian Games and a bronze medal in 1986 Asian Games. He was National Light Heavyweight Champion for 10 consecutive years, from 1981 to 1990.
After retirement, he coaches in City Boxing Club in Rajshahi. Present Heavyweight Champion Jahangir Alam is his student.

## Personal life

Hossain has a son and two daughters.
# A. Q. M. Bazlul Karim

AQM Bazlul Karim (1920–1998) was a Bangladeshi educationist and soil scientist.

## Early life and education

Karim was born on 1 February 1920 in Kalma village in Lohajang Upazila, Munshiganj District, Bengal Presidency, British India. He passed SSC, and HSC in1936 and 1938 respectively. He completed his BSc examinations in 1940. He did his MSc degree in 1942 from Aligarh Muslim University in Chemistry.
In 1945, he started his PhD in agricultural chemistry at Imperial College London and finished in 1948. His thesis was Residual effect of fertilisers on the growth and yield of potatoes.

## Career

Karim became a civil servant in Calcutta under the Bengal Ministry of Food. He joined Jadabpur College as a lecturer. He was appointed a gazetted officer in the chemical standardization laboratory of the Bengal Ministry of Food and Drug.
In 1949, Karim joined the Department of Soil Science in University of Dhaka as senior Lecturer. He worked with M Osman Ghani and Abdul Karim. In 1952, he was appointed reader. He joined the Department of Soil Science and Botany in Davis Campus of the University of California, Barkley as a visiting faculty following an offer by American Academy of Sciences.
In 1961, Karim returned from the United States and was appointed head of Soil Science Department of the University of Dhaka. In 1962, he was promoted to Professor. From 1967 to 1969, he worked as Director General Soil Survey of Pakistan project.
Karim was appointed the first chairman of the Bangladesh Public Service Commission after the Independence of Bangladesh in July 1972. He served a five year term after which he returned to the University of Dhaka. He retired from the university on 30 June 1982.

## Awards

* President's Gold Medal (1974)
* Sher-e-Bangla Gold Medal (1982)
* Atish Dipankar Gold Medal (1984)
* Ekushey Padak (1999), posthumously.

## Personal life and death

Karim died on 6 September 1998.
# Jalpaiguri Government Medical College and Hospital

Jalpaiguri Government Medical College and Hospital, established in 2022, is a full-fledged tertiary referral Government Medical college. It is located at Jalpaiguri town of West Bengal. The college imparts the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Jalpaiguri district. The yearly undergraduate student intake is 100 from the year 2022.

## Courses

Jalpaiguri Medical College and Hospital undertakes education and training of 100 students MBBS courses.

## Affiliations

The college is affiliated with West Bengal University of Health Sciences and is recognized by the National Medical Commission.
# Sekhmetops

Sekhmetops (meaning "Sekhmet face") is an extinct genus of carnivorous hyaenodont mammals from the Early Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation of Egypt. The genus contains two species, S. africanus and S. phiomensis, both of which were originally assigned to the genus Pterodon.

## Discovery and naming

In 1903, British paleontologist Charles W. Andrews participated in an expedition to Fayûm, Egypt, during which several new vertebrate fossils were collected. Later that year, he published a brief note describing these specimens. He classified one of these, a partial right jaw bone (specimen NHMUK M8503), as a new species of the genus Pterodon, noting how its large size distinguished it from the type species of this genus. The specific name, africanus, is a Latin adjective meaning "from Africa". In a 1906 book, Andrews described and figured the specimen in more depth. He also provisionally referred a left humerus and right femur to this species.
In 1909, American paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn described another species of Pterodon, P. phiomensis, based on the holotype (AMNH 13253), a nearly complete left lower jaw. He also referred a second comparable lower jaw, AMNH 13254. Osborn described this species as about two-thirds the size of P. africanus, with a more slender jaw morphology. The specific name, phiomensis, is derived from the phiom—the Greek word for Fayûm, meaning "lake"—referencing the type locality.
In 2025, Al-Ashqar et al. revised the record of African species assigned to Pterodon, a historic wastebasket taxon. As in previous analyses, they observed that the species referred to this genus form a polyphyletic assemblage. As such, they established a new genus, Sekhmetops, for "P." africanus and "P." phiomensis. The generic name combines a reference to Sekhmet—a lion-headed goddess from Ancient Egyptian mythology associated with pestilence and war—with the Greek suffix "-ops", meaning "face". The authors' intended translation is "having the face of the lion-headed goddess".

## Classification

Using an expanded matrix from previous phylogenetic analyses, Al-Ashqar et al. recovered "P." africanus and "P." phiomensis as sister taxa within the hyaenodontan subfamily Hyainailourinae. Their results are displayed in the cladogram below:
# Sharrieffa Barksdale

Sharrieffa Barksdale (born February 16, 1961) is an American hurdler. She was born in Harriman, Tennessee. She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where she reached the semi-finals in women's 400 m hurdles. Barksdale owns one on one training academy. Barksdale was an American record holder in 400 m hurdles. Sharrieffa Barksdale is a member of Sigma Gamma Rho.
She also represented her country at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics and was a silver medalist at the 1983 Pan American Games. She was the national champion at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships that same year. She was an All-American athlete at the University of Tennessee.
# Nour Bishouty

Nour Bishouty (b. Amman, Jordan) is a Lebanese-Canadian multidisciplinary artist. She works in different media focusing mostly on video, writing, sculpture, and printed matter. Her interdisciplinary work explores notions of permission and articulation in cultural narratives overwritten by dispossession and displacement, and explores gaps in archival memory and the Western production of knowledge and fantasy. In her practice, she proposes artistic strategies that unsettle institutional conventions of classification, order, and the production of value. Bishouty's work is featured in the 13th Liverpool Biennial curated by Marie-Anne McQuay.
She received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree (the University of Jordan) and a Master of Fine Arts degree (the University of Massachusetts). She participated in the Home Workspace Program at Ashkal Alwan in Beirut (2015).
She has exhibited her work at the GTA21 Triennial, Museum of Contemporary Art Toronto, Manif d'art la Biennale de Quebec; Cooper Cole, Gallery 44, Toronto; SAVAC: South Asian Visual Arts Centre, Toronto; Darat Al Funun, Amman; Casa Arabe, Madrid; the Mosaic Rooms, London; and the Beirut Art Centre, amongst others. Bishouty's work is in the permanent collections of the National Gallery of Canada's Library and Archives, and the Burnaby Art Gallery. amongst others.

## Artistic career

Bishouty's 2021 book "1—130: Selected Works Ghassan Bishouty b. 1941 Safad, Palestine — d. 2004 Amman, Jordan," revisits the artistic oeuvre and personal archives of her late father, Ghassan Bishouty a Palestinian-Lebanese artist whose work was little known during his lifetime. The book constitutes an improvised study into a collection of artworks and envisions a partly speculative narrative of the late artist's life as an intimate act of commemoration, while at the same time looking into the parameters and complexities of artistic legacy and obscurity. It was co-published by Art Metropole in Toronto and Moto Books in Berlin.
In an essay review by scholar and art historian Tammer El-Sheikh, Bishouty’s work is described as stylistically diverse and compared with Edward's Said’s notion of a “late style”: "from one generation to the next, we have an example of a late style that emerges with the young, on the shoulders of the dead, so late it is posthumous, in fact, but freer in its versatility as a result of having begun anew."
Bishouty's work was included in the inaugural triennial of MOCA the Museum of Contemporary Art Toronto GTA2021 and the 2024 Quebec City Biennale Manif d'art. Bishouty presented "On the count of three," a video work commissioned for The City of Toronto's 2024 Nuit Blanche festival in the Waterfront East exhibition, "Cat's Cradle."
In 2016 she was the inaugural artist in residence at Twenty-three Days at Sea, a traveling artist residency initiated by Access Gallery in Vancouver that took place aboard a freighter ship traveling across the Pacific Ocean In 2023, she was the Toronto artist in residence at the Ace Hotel in collaboration with Toronto's Images Festival.
# Dunkleosteidae

Dunkleosteidae is an extinct family of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. The gigantic apex predator Dunkleosteus terrelli is the best known member of this group.

## Phylogeny

While members of Dunkleosteidae were previously thought to be close relatives of the genus Dinichthys (when they were not synonymized as each other) and grouped together in the family Dinichthyidae, more recent phylogenetic studies have shown that the two taxa represent two very distinct clades within Arthrodira. Dunkleosteidae was then established as the sister taxon to the family Panxiosteidae, which together comprised the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea (one of the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). Dunkleosteidae was thus cladistically defined as including the type genus Dunkleosteus and all other genera in Dunkleosteoidea more closely related to Dunkleosteus than to Panxiosteus.
The phylogeny of Dunkleosteidae from the 2013 Zhu & Zhu study is shown in the cladogram below:
However, the subsequent 2016 Zhu et al. study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, leaving the status of Dunkleosteidae as a clade grouping separate from Dunkleosteoidea in doubt, as shown in the cladogram below:

## Genera
### Dunkleosteus

The type genus, Dunkleosteus, is known from Late Frasnian and Famennian-aged marine strata from Europe, Morocco, and North America. The best known species, D. terrelli, is famous as the "world's first vertebrate apex predator," and is estimated to be up to 6 m (20 ft) in length: other species, however, such as D. raveri, are estimated to be 1 m (3.3 ft) in length.

### Eastmanosteus

Eastmanosteous is a diverse genus of medium to somewhat large predatory arthrodires very similar in anatomy to the species of Dunkleosteus. Eastmanosteus differs from Dunkleosteus in having a unique tubercle-ornamentation on the dermal surfaces of the plates, a distinctively shaped nuchal plate, and sutures that are more zigzagging. The best studied species, E. calliaspis may not be of this genus due to its recently appreciated relationship to the Emsian-aged genus Xiangshuiosteus.

### Golshanichthys

Fossils of Golshanichthys are found in Frasnian-aged marine strata near Kerman, Iran.

### Heterosteus

Heterosteus is from the middle Devonian, found in Europe and Greenland. It is one of the larger members of the family, with an estimated body length of up to 6 metres (20 ft).

### Kiangyousteus

This Middle Devonian genus represents the first arthrodire described from China. Fossils are known from the Late Givetian to Early Frasnian-aged Guanwu Formation in Sichuan province.

### Xiangshuiosteus

Xiangshuiosteus was originally described as an arthrodire incertae sedis of the Late Emsian with anatomical features suggestive of both buchanosteids and coccosteids. With the reappraisal of Kiangyousteus, it is now thought to be a dunkleosteid most closely related to Eastmanosteus calliaspis.
# Keishamthong Thoibi

Keishamthong Thoibi is a 2008 Manipuri film directed by O. Gautam and produced by R.K. Chandrabal under the banner of Diana Films. It stars Lairenjam Olen, Bidyaluxmi Devi, Chinglen Thiyam and Thongam Thoithoi in the lead roles. The story was written by Chana Lukhoi and screenplay by Narendra Ningomba. The film was released at Hapta Kangjeibung, Imphal on 20 November 2008. It is based on the Shumang Kumhei of the same title.

## Plot

Eigya Pameshor, a Brahmin falls in love with Thoibi, a tribal lady from Keishamthong. When they eloped and get married, Eigya Gopal (an orthodox Brahmin) part ways with his son. Time and experience teaches Eigya Gopal that humanity has no religion and God is one.

## Cast

* Lairenjam Olen as Eigya Pameshor
* Bidyaluxmi Devi as Keishamthong Thoibi
* Chinglen Thiyam as Eigya Gopal, Pameshor's father
* Thongam Thoithoi as Manjuri, Pameshor's mother
* Thingom Pritam as Eigya Rameshor
* Ranjana as Gaitri
* Iboyaima Khuman as Thoibi's brother
* Wangkhem Lalitkumar as Gaitri's father
* Laimayum Gunabati as Leibaklei
* Star Kamei as Ramthar

## Soundtrack

Sorri Senjam composed the soundtrack for the movie and Narendra Ningomba wrote the lyrics. Maibam Roshibina, Konthoujam Bobin, Pushparani Huidrom, Huidrom Nowboy and Mandakini Takhellambam are the playback singers. The movie has four songs.
# Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary

Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Maharajganj district in Uttar Pradesh state of India. It covers 428.2 km$^2$ (165.3 sq mi), located on the west Bank of the Gandaki River, near the border with Nepal. Sohagi Barwa is one of the tiger habitats of in Uttar Pradesh. SBWS is divided into seven forest ranges, namely; Pakdi, Madhwaliya, Laxmipur, North Chouk, South Chouk, Seopur and Nichlaul ranges with 21 grasslands. The sanctuary is home to diverse flora and fauna, including tigers.
The terrain of the sanctuary is mostly flat, with an average altitude of 100 meters. The climate is temperate and mild throughout the year, winters are also temperate.

## Location

The nearest railhead is Siswa Bazar, at a distance of 22 km.

## Attractions

Tigers are the main attraction of Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary. Other animals leopard, cheetal, bear, Indian Civet, Giant Squirrel, Hare, wild cat, wild boar, Monitor Lizard, Neelgai, and Indian python. There are seven rest houses in the sanctuary.
# Gundabooka, Yanda

Gundabooka Parish is a civil parish, of Yanda County, a cadastral division of New South Wales.

## Location

The parish is on the Darling River upstream of Louth, New South Wales and downstream of Bourke, New South Wales and is located at 30°48′57″S 145°48′36″E.
* Images from the park
* Grey-crowned babbler in the park
* Floodwaters near Yanda campground

## Geography

The topography is flat with a Köppen climate classification of BsK (hot semi-arid). The climate is characterised by hot summers and mild winters. The annual average rainfall is 350 mm, although this is highly variable.
Much of the parish is in the Gundabooka National Park and adjoining conservation area.

## Etymology

Gundabooka is believed to be derived from a local Aboriginal word and is also the name of Gundabook Station.

## History

The traditional owners of the area are the Ngamba and Barkindji peoples.
The first European to the area was Thomas Mitchell.