# Missouri Department of Corrections

The Missouri Department of Corrections is the state law enforcement agency that operates state prisons in the U.S. state of Missouri. It has its headquarters in Missouri's capital of Jefferson City.
The Missouri Department of Corrections has 21 facilities statewide, including two community release centers. It has more than 11,000 employees, about three-quarters of whom are either certified corrections officers or probation officers. Missouri Department of Corrections has K9 units statewide that are frequently utilized for tracking escapees and, in cases of small or rural law enforcement agencies, criminals who have fled from law enforcement or assisting in search and rescue for missing persons.

## Operations

Prisoners newly inducted into the MDOC system are placed in diagnostic institutions. Adult male prisoners may go to either the Eastern Reception & Diagnostic Center, the Fulton Reception & Diagnostic Center, or the Western Reception & Diagnostic Center. All incoming female prisoners, including adults and minors under 17 who are convicted on adult charges in adult courts, are sent to the Women's Eastern Reception, Diagnostic & Correctional Center. Male prisoners under 17 years of age who are convicted in adult criminal courts were sent to the Northeast Correctional Center which no longer houses minor offenders, minors are now sent to Farmington Correctional Center. Male death row inmates are sent directly to Potosi Correctional Center.
The department has a problem with harassment of and by its employees. During the period from fiscal 2002 to 2006, the state paid out just $340,000 in court awards to its own employees. During the period from 2012 to 2016, the figure was over $7.5 million. Court documents show a culture of sexual and racial harassment by employee against other employees.
Governor Mike Parson signed a contract with Aramark for food and dining services in Missouri prisons. After initially good results, it was reported that the quality of food deteriorated, and supplies included in the contract, such as salt and pepper or cleaning supplies, were not being provided.
Healthcare is contracted out to Centurion Health since 2021. The company was previously owned by Centene Corporation but sold to private investors in 2023. Poor healthcare has been named as a factor in increased death rates among Missouri's incarcerated population.

## Fallen officers and staff members

Since the establishment of the Missouri Department of Corrections, seventeen officers, 1 Probation and Parole Officer and a District Administrator have died while on duty.
The causes of death are as follows:
| Cause of deaths | Deaths |
| Automobile accident | 2 |
| Assault | 2 |
| COVID-19 | 8 |
| Gunfire | 2 |
| Heart attack | 1 |
| Stabbed | 5 |
| Total | 20 |

## History

The Cornerstone of the correctional system in Missouri was the Missouri State Penitentiary Jefferson City in 1836.It is the oldest penitentiary west of the Mississippi River. Originally, the facility only housed prisoners; it also had a hospital, and industrial, academic, and vocational programs. MSP was closed in 2004 and Offenders were moved to the newly constructed Jefferson City Correctional Center.

## Death row

Potosi Correctional Center (PCC) and Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center (ERDCC) each have a male death row, while Women's Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center (WERDCC) has the female death row. ERDCC houses the state's execution chamber.
The first person executed in the modern era was George Mercer who was executed at the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Missouri on January 6, 1989. The next 61 executions starting with Gerald Smith were done at the Potosi Correctional Center in Potosi, Missouri. Since April 2005, executions have been 25 miles east of Potosi at the Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center in Bonne Terre, Missouri. The first execution at Bonne Terre was #63 Donald Jones.

### Deaths of prisoners

As of March 2010, the leading cause of prisoner deaths is cancer. Heart disease and liver disease are the next most common causes of prisoner deaths. Offender deaths caused by drug overdose are common. Among all Missouri residents, heart disease, cancer, and chronic lower respiratory disease are the most frequent causes of deaths.

## Facilities

Below is a list of Missouri state correctional facilities.
| Name | Highest security |
| Algoa Correctional Center | (Minimum) |
| Boonville Correctional Center | (Minimum) |
| Central Missouri Correctional Center (Church Farm) | (Minimum) (Closed) |
| Chillicothe Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium, Maximum) |
| Cremer Therapeutic Community Center | (Minimum, Medium) (Closed) |
| Crossroads Correctional Center | (Medium, Maximum) |
| Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium, Maximum, Diagnostic, Executions) |
| Farmington Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium) |
| Fulton Reception and Diagnostic Center | (Minimum, Diagnostic) |
| Jefferson City Correctional Center | (Medium, Maximum) |
| Kansas City Reentry Center | (Minimum) |
| Maryville Treatment Center | (Minimum) |
| Missouri Eastern Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium) |
| Missouri State Penitentiary (Closed 2004) | (Maximum) (Closed) |
| Moberly Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium) |
| Northeast Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium) |
| Ozark Correctional Center | (Minimum)(Drug Treatment) |
| Potosi Correctional Center | (Maximum, Death Row) |
| Renz Women's Prison | (Minimum) (Closed) |
| South Central Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium, Maximum) |
| Southeast Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium, Maximum) |
| Tipton Correctional Center | (Minimum) |
| Western Missouri Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium) |
| Western Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center | (Minimum, Diagnostic) |
| Women's Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center | (Minimum, Medium, Maximum, Diagnostic, Death Row) |
Former facilities:
* Missouri State Penitentiary (closed in 2004)
* Central Missouri Correctional Center (closed June 2005)
As of 2010 the state did not use private prisons or export prisoners to facilities in other states. Previously, in 1995, the state had exported prisoners to the Newton County Correctional Center in Newton, Texas, to temporarily alleviate overcrowding. The two private prisons in the state (Integrity Correctional Center near Holden, Missouri and Bridewell Prison in Bethany, Missouri) both closed in 2010, and had never held Missouri state inmates.

## Missouri Reentry Conference

Each year, the Missouri Department of Corrections co-sponsors a Missouri Reentry Conference held in Tan-Tar-A Resort in Osage Beach. The conference, which began in 2005, features speakers and workshops concerning issues surrounding Missouri’s ex-offender population. The conferences average over 300 attendees annually. The intent of the conference is to provide high-quality education and networking opportunities for corrections professionals and community-based partners involved in the state's reentry process.
In addition to the Missouri Department of Corrections, other co-sponsors include Area Resources for Community and Human Services (ARCHS), the Missouri Department of Social Services, and Family and Community Trust (FACT).