OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christopher Buckley (novelist)

Christopher Taylor Buckley (born September 28, 1952) is an American author and political satirist. He also served as chief speechwriter to Vice President George H. W. Bush. He is known for writing God Is My Broker, Thank You for Smoking, Little Green Men, The White House Mess, No Way to Treat a First Lady, Wet Work, Florence of Arabia, Boomsday, Supreme Courtship, Losing Mum and Pup: A Memoir, and The Judge Hunter.

## Early life and education

Buckley is the son of writer and Firing Line host William F. Buckley Jr. and Patricia Buckley. After receiving a classical education at Portsmouth Abbey School, Buckley worked his way around the world as a deckhand on a Norwegian tramp freighter. He graduated cum laude from Yale University in 1976.

## Career

He joined the staff of Esquire magazine in 1976 and seven months later was promoted at age 24 to managing editor. In 1980 he returned to sea aboard an American ship and made eight mid-winter transatlantic crossings between U.S. Gulf ports and North Sea ports in England and Germany. The experience was the basis for his first bestselling non-fiction book, Steaming to Bamboola: The World of a Tramp Freighter, published in 1982.
In 1981, he moved to Washington, D.C. to become chief speechwriter to Vice President George H.W. Bush. His first bestselling novel, The White House Mess, published in 1986, was a satire on White House office politics and political memoirs.
In 1989, Malcolm S. Forbes hired Buckley to start up a supplement to Forbes magazine. Buckley was editor-in-chief of Forbes FYI, later Forbes Life, from 1990 to 2007.
His 20 books have been published in 16 languages. His novel Thank You For Smoking was adapted to the screen and directed by Jason Reitman.

### National Review

In summer and fall 2008, Christopher Buckley wrote the back-page column for National Review, the conservative magazine founded by his father. In October 2008, Buckley wrote a column endorsing Barack Obama, the Democratic presidential nominee, choosing to have it published in The Daily Beast to avoid backlash from National Review readers. After many National Review readers and contributors still expressed their displeasure, Buckley resigned from that publication.
The Beast's title for his endorsement, "Sorry, Dad, I'm Voting for Obama", was found by many of his father's friends and supporters to be offensive, particularly as it appeared shortly after his father's death. Buckley disavowed the choice of title, although he continued to occasionally write for the Beast.

## Personal life

Buckley's first marriage was to Lucy Gregg, the daughter of Donald Gregg, who served as assistant to Vice President Bush for national security affairs and later as United States Ambassador to South Korea. Buckley and Gregg have two children. In 2000, Buckley's son was born to former Random House publicist Irina Woelfle. Buckley and Gregg divorced in 2011.
In 2012, he married Katherine Close, a physician. She has four children.
# Sanhedrin (tractate)

Sanhedrin (סנהדרין‎) is one of ten tractates of Seder Nezikin (a section of the Talmud that deals with damages, i.e. civil and criminal proceedings). It originally formed one tractate with Makkot, which also deals with criminal law. The Gemara of the tractate is noteworthy as precursors to the development of common law principles, for example the presumption of innocence and the rule that a criminal conviction requires the concurrence of twelve.

## Summary of Sanhedrin

Within Seder Nezikin, the Sanhedrin focuses on questions of jurisdiction, criminal law and punishments. The tractate includes eleven chapters, addressing the following topics:
* The different levels of courts and which cases each level presides over
* Laws of the high priest and Jewish king and their involvement in court proceedings
* Civil suits: acceptable witnesses and judges and the general proceedings
* The difference between criminal and civil cases, general proceedings in criminal cases
* Court procedures, including examination of witnesses and the voting of the judges
* Procedures for execution after condemnation, specifically by stoning
* The 4 types of capital punishments, details of crimes which merit stoning (in fact stoning was only actually done if the convict survived being dropped off a 5-meter cliff first)
* The rebellious son, and other crimes for which the offender is killed before committing the actual prohibition, and the commandments which Jews are to die before violating.
* Details of crimes meriting capital punishment by burning (actually the pouring of hot lead down the throat, the Sadducee heretics instead used burning at the stake) or beheading; auxiliary punishments
* Details of crimes meriting capital punishment by strangulation (i.e. hanging)
* The World to Come and who does not receive it. This chapter is known individually by Helek, one of its opening words.
This is the order found in the Gemara, but the Mishna has the last 2 chapters reversed in order.

### Chapter 3: Civil suits

Disqualified witnesses: Gamblers, usurers, those who engage in commerce with sabbatical year produce.
# WBFM

WBFM (93.7 FM) is a country music station licensed to Sheboygan, Wisconsin. WBFM is owned and operated by Midwest Communications under the sub-branding of Sheboygan Radio Group, which owns seven radio stations in Northeast Wisconsin and three other radio stations in the Sheboygan market. It shares studios with WHBL, WXER, and WHBZ on Washington Avenue in Sheboygan, with the station's transmitter and antenna based behind the studios.

## History

The station was created as the second iteration of heritage station WHBL's FM sister WWJR in 1993 as part of a large frequency swap in northeastern Wisconsin that also involved WKTT moving from 103.1 to 98.1, and WWJR from 97.7 to the new 93.7 frequency to facilitate the creation of Kaukauna-licensed WOGB on 103.1. For the first four years of 93.7's history as WWJR, it carried a basic adult contemporary format.
In early 1997, the Walton family, the longtime owners of WHBL and WWJR, acquired the license for a new station licensed to Sheboygan Falls at 106.5, which would transmit, like WHBL and WWJR, from their Washington Avenue three-tower array site on Sheboygan's south side. The Waltons determined that Sheboygan County was underserved by the lack of a locally based country music station, and at that time country listenership in the area was mainly split several ways in all areas of the county among WKTT and WCUB to the north from Manitowoc County, West Bend's WBWI-FM, and WMIL-FM from Waukesha-Milwaukee to the south.
On April 7, 1997, another frequency swap took place with the launch of 106.5. WWJR's format and calls were moved to 106.5, with 93.7 becoming a new radio country station, "B-93", taking the calls WBFM and mainly airing live programming during the day and voicetracked programming in the overnight hours. Officially, WBFM holds the FCC facility ID which originated with WWJR's original 97.7 facility in 1972.
WWJR would switch to an active rock format at the end of 2000 as "The Buzz" under the calls WHBZ, while WKTT would end up converting to adult contemporary as WLKN in 2003 as WBFM's stronger signal in Manitowoc reduced the ratings for WKTT after their launch and to fill the AC hole left by WWJR's demise.
Besides the purchase of the Walton stations by Midwest Communications in 2000, the addition of some voicetracked shifts from Midwest stations in Green Bay and Wausau, along with a current weather forecasting agreement with WLUK-TV in Green Bay, WBFM has remained relatively unchanged in format since April 1997. A minor change of branding with the decimal number was added in mid-2007 to avert any confusion with Milwaukee's WLDB (93.3), itself known as "B93.3".
# Giovanni Battista Adriani

Giovanni Battista Adriani (1511 or 1513 – 1579) was an Italian historian.

## Life

He was born in 1511 or 1513, in Cherasco, into a patrician Florentine family. His father, Marcello Virgilio Adriani (died 27 November 1521), was a professor of literature, and served as the chancellor of the Republic. In 1538, he joined the Order of Clerics Regular of Somasca and soon became a teacher of philosophy and theology. From 1546 to 1553, he was a professor of history and geography at Collegio-Convitto di Casale.
Giovanni Battista was secretary to the Republic of Florence. He was among the defenders of the city during the siege of 1530, but subsequently joined the Medici party and was appointed professor of rhetoric at the university.
At the instance of Cosimo I he wrote in Italian a contemporary history, spanning from 1536 to 1574, which is generally considered a continuation of Guicciardini chronicles, although the historian Brunet finds this notion erroneous. This Istoria dei suoi tempi was published in Florence in 1583; a new edition appeared also in Florence in 1872. De Thou acknowledges himself greatly indebted to this history, praising it especially for its accuracy.
Adriani also composed funeral orations in Latin on the emperor Charles V and other noble personages, and was the author of a long letter on ancient painters and sculptors prefixed to the first volume of Vasari.
Giovanni Battista's son, named Marcello, born 1533 became a professor of rhetoric at the Accademia Fiorentina. He edited and translated a number of classic texts, including the Trattato dell'elocuzione by Demetrius of Phalerum.

## Works

* Giovan Battista Adriani: Istoria de’ svoi tempi ... Divisa in libri ventidue. Di Nuovo Mandata In Luce. Con li sommarii, e tavola delle cose più notabili. 2 vols. Giunti, Florence, 1583.
* Adolfo Bartoli (ed.): Scritti vari editi ed inediti di G.B. Adriani e di Marcello suo figliuolo. Gaetano Romagnoli, Bologna, 1871.
# Merci (Florent Pagny album)

Merci (French pronunciation:) is a 1990 album recorded by French singer Florent Pagny. It was his first studio album and was released on May 1, 1990. The album was a success in France, where it remained in the top 50 for 44 weeks, including two weeks at #10. It was entirely written by the singer himself and contains several songs deemed controversial at the time, such as "Presse qui roule", which is critical of press. The album provided four singles which were moderately successful in France: "J'te jure" (#16), "Ça fait des nuits" (#17), "Presse qui roule" (#24) and "Prends ton temps" (#42).

## Track listing

* "Merci" (Pagny) — 4:16
* "Ça fait des nuits" (Pagny) — 3:57
* "J'te jure" (D'Angelo, Pagny, Kamil Rustam) — 4:26
* "On est juste de passage" (D'Angelo, Pagny, Kamil Rustam) — 4:40
* "Questions sans réponse" (D'Angelo, Pagny, Kamil Rustam) — 3:59
* "Reste chez toi" (D'Angelo, Pagny, Kamil Rustam) — 3:39
* "Pour la vie" (Pagny) — 4:01
* "Prends ton temps" (Langolff, Pagny) — 3:50
* "Emergency" (Nevil, Pagny, Walsh, Warren) — 3:56
* "Presse qui roule" (Pagny) — 4:43
* "Heureux de vivre" (Meunier, Pagny) — 3:40
Source : Allmusic.

## Charts

| Chart (1990-1991) | Peak position |
| French SNEP Albums Chart | 10 |

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||

## Releases

| Date | Label | Country | Format | Catalog |
| 1990 | Philips | Belgium, France, Switzerland | CD | 8427492 |
# Skuodas Eldership

The Skuodas Eldership (Lithuanian: Skuodo seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Skuodas District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 2320.
# Ratajczak

Ratajczak is a Polish-language surname. It is a patronymic surname of Northern Poland origin formed by the addition of the diminutive suffix "-czak" to father's nickname or surname "Rataj", "farmer" (historical term). It may refer to:
* Alicja Ratajczak (born 1995), Polish cyclist
* Dariusz Ratajczak (1962–2010), Polish historian
* Donald Ratajczak (born 1942), economist
* Elżbieta Ratajczak (born 1946), Polish politician
* Jacek Ratajczak (born 1973), Polish footballer
* Michael Ratajczak (born 1982) German footballer
* Kevin Ratajczak (born 1985) German singer
# Pakistanis in Iran

Pakistanis in Iran consist of expatriates from Pakistan living in Iran, as well as locally born people with ancestral roots in Pakistan.
According to the Overseas Pakistanis Foundation, their population is estimated at 11,000 in 2004–2005, while a 2023 academic publication put their numbers at 35,000. While many tend to be students, there are a number of white-collar professionals employed in various jobs.
The majority of the population is centred on Tehran and Mashhad.
A large number of Shia Pakistanis make business travel to Europe via Tehran airport because that is the nearest city served by Lufthansa.

## Notable people

* Muhammad Irfan-Maqsood is a Pakistani researcher and entrepreneur He is known for his work in the field of Techno-entrepreneurship and Biotechnology.He holds PhD in Cell and Molecular Biology and holding two MSc (Biotechnology) and MA (Political Sciences-IR). He has been awarded 4 time Iranian national techno-entrepreneurship award Sheikh Bahai by Minister of Science and Research, Iran and Young Entrepreneur from the Deputy Minister for Youth Affairs.His work has been acknowledged by almost all Iranian top news agencies, such as IRNA, ISNA, Daily Shargh, Asr-e-Iran, Donya-e-Eghtisad, IRIB News agency, Mehr News agency, Tasnim News agency etc. He is the only Pakistani and one of three non-Iranian who were enlisted as the most talented non-Iranian in Iran by the office of Vice president of Iran.
# Trypt0fanatic

Trypt0fanatic is the third album from the Kidneythieves, released on July 20, 2010. The physical CD is only being distributed independently through the band's official website. There have been 5 bonus tracks digitally released only during 2010-2011. These include "Light Deceiver" (originally a free pre-order), "Tears On A Page [Live Acoustic]", Jude (Be Somebody) [Acoustic], and 2 remixes of "Lick U Clean", one by Beat Ventriloquists (included when you purchase a selected Tee or Tank from the KT Store), and the other by KMFDM.

## Track listing

* Jude (Be Somebody) - 3:17
* Beg - 3:38
* Freeky People - 3:42
* Velveteen - 4:05
* Dead Girl Walking - 4:04
* Size of Always - 3:41
* Comets + Violins - 3:34
* Lick U Clean - 3:43
* Dark Horse - 3:31
* Tears on a Page - 4:18

### Bonus tracks

* Light Deceiver - 4:39 Download Only
* Tears on a Page (Live Acoustic) - 5:35 Download Only
# Tommie Pierson Sr.

Tommie Pierson Sr. (born January 29, 1946) is an American politician from the state of Missouri. A member of the Democratic Party, Pierson represented the 66th district in the Missouri House of Representatives from 2011 until 2017.

## Education and career

Pierson graduated from Beaumont High School in St. Louis, Missouri. He worked for General Motors and serves as a Baptist pastor. Pierson was elected to the Missouri House in the 2010 elections, and chaired the Missouri Legislative Black Caucus. He ran for Lieutenant Governor of Missouri in the 2016 election, but lost in the Democratic Party primary election to Russ Carnahan.

## Legacy

Pierson was succeeded by his son, Tommie Pierson Jr.
# Skaudvilė Eldership

The Skaudvilė Eldership (Lithuanian: Skaudvilės seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Tauragė District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 3180.
# Divination bones

Divination bones (Sotho-Tswana languages: ditaola, isiZulu: amathambo) are pieces of bones and vertebrae, carved ivory dice and cowrie shells used for divination. It is widely known in South Africa where traditional healers, especially of the Bantu people for divination.
Mokgale Makgopa and Magaelane Koma of the University of Venda wrote that divination bones can consist of coins, dominoes, pieces of metal and gems and other things of significance to the healer.
# Mangaung Oval

Mangaung Oval is a cricket oval in Bloemfontein, South Africa, mostly used for cricket matches. Previous names for the ground include Springbok Park, Chevrolet Park, Goodyear Park, and OUTsurance Oval. It is the home of the Knights cricket team. The stadium holds 20,000 people and opened in 1989.

## History

The ground hosted its first one-day international in December 1992 when South Africa cruised to an eight-wicket victory over India. In October 1999 it was accorded full Test status with the visit of the Zimbabwe team.
Early in 1994 at the ground Hansie Cronje smashed 251 with 28 fours and six sixes against the touring Australians. The ground played its part in South African Test history when, fittingly, Allan Donald, who as a Free State cricketer played many times at the ground, became the first South African to capture 300 Test wickets during the First Test against New Zealand in November 2000.
In March 2003 Feiko Kloppenburg and Klaas-Jan van Noortwijk of The Netherlands scored a century in the same match as Netherlands posted their only win in 2003 Cricket World Cup against Namibia.
On 7 March 2007, Irish vocal pop band Westlife held a concert for The Love Tour supporting their album The Love Album.
This was the stadium where Colin Ingram scored his maiden ODI century in his first international match, the first South African to score a century on his ODI debut.
Springbok Park boasts some of the best lights in the country and is regularly used for day/night matches, when the grassy banks become colourfully filled with spectators and a carnival atmosphere prevails. It is just 10 minutes walk from the city centre, with Bloemfontein coach station adjacent to the ground.
A naming rights arrangement saw the ground renamed Goodyear Park due to sponsorship by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company until the 2007/08 season when it was renamed the OUTsurance Oval. It has since been renamed again as Mangaung Oval.
# John Forbes Hogan

John Forbes Hogan (January 7, 1894 – February 16, 1967) was an American architect from Providence, Rhode Island.
Hogan was born to Mary Josephine Forbes and Thomas Sebastian Hogan in Pawtucket in 1894. In 1916 he earned a B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an M.S. the following year. For 10 months after his latter graduation he traveled in Europe. From 1919 to 1923 he was employed as a designer in the Providence office of architect George Frederic Hall. In 1923 he left Hall to open his own office in Providence. He joined the AIA in 1924.
Hogan specialized in buildings for the Catholic church, designing many churches and institutions for the diocese.

## Works

Churches (Roman Catholic):
* 1925 - St. Anthony, 32 Lawn Ave, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
* 1932 - St. Mary, 437 Carolina Back Rd, Carolina, Rhode Island
* 1935 - St. Casimir, 350 Smith St, Providence, Rhode Island
* 1935 - St. Joseph, 183 Sayles Ave, Pascoag, Rhode Island
* 1937 - St. Mary (Remodeling), 12 William St, Newport, Rhode Island
* 1939 - St. Joseph, 1105 Main St, Hope Valley, Rhode Island
* 1939 - St. Teresa, 358 Newport Ave, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
* 1940 - St. Clare, 4 St Clares Way, Misquamicut, Rhode Island
* 1940 - St. Edward, 396 Weeden St, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
* 1947 - Our Lady of Victory, 169 Main St, Ashaway, Rhode Island
Other religious commissions:
* 1928 - St. Patrick School, 244 Smith St, Providence, Rhode Island
* 1928 - St. Pius School, 49 Elmhurst Ave, Providence, Rhode Island
* 1932 - St. Francis House, 167 Blackstone St, Woonsocket, Rhode Island
* 1939 - St. Mary Convent, 530 Broadway, Providence, Rhode Island
* 1948 - Albertus Magnus Hall, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island
* 1954 - Our Lady of Fatima Hospital, 200 High Service Ave, North Providence, Rhode Island
Secular work:
* 1936 - Elizabeth Barry Hall, Rhode Island State Hospital for Mental Diseases, Howard, Rhode Island
* 1953 - Pastore Hall, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
* 1955 - Adams Residence Hall, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
* 1957 - Wales and Kelley Halls, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
# Argonnerwaldlied

Argonnerwaldlied ("Forest of Argonne Song") or "Lied der Pioniere" or "Pionierlied" ("Song of the Pioneers") is a German military march of World War I. It was composed by Hermann Albert Gordon in 1914/1915. It was used during World War I by the German Empire. Variations of the song with different lyrics were used by the Marxist Spartacus League, in Nazi Germany during World War II, and in East Germany.
In 1919, new lyrics were adopted by the revolutionary socialist Spartacus League in commemoration of the January 1919 Spartacist uprising. This version was later arranged by Hanns Eisler and performed by the Erich-Weinert-Ensemble in the German Democratic Republic.
Also known as "Durch deutsches Land marschieren wir", "SA marschiert-Lied" was used through the years of Nazi Germany. It originated in 1929 from Saxony and was a marching song of the National Socialist Sturmabteilung based on the tune of Argonnerwaldlied.
As the song spread through Germany, regional variations of the words "Durch deutsches Land" ("through German land") occurred and were substituted with "Durch Großberlin" ("through Greater Berlin"), "Durch Schwabenland" ("through Schwabenland"), etc. The third stanza also has some slight lyrical variations. The NSDAP songbook version adopted "Wir fürchten SPD und Rotfront nicht" ("we fear not the SPD and Rotfront") whereas the Reichsarbeitsdienst adopted "Wir fürchten Moskau und die Juden nicht" ("we fear not Moscow and the Jews").
The final version of the song, composed in 1941 on the eve of the German invasion of the USSR, is known as "Im Osten nun marschieren wir" ("Now we are marching in the East"). This version included two additions: a long musical introduction in the beginning and syncopation added to stress the word "Achtung" in the last line of the modified verse: "Deutschland marschiert, Achtung! Die Straße frei!" (Germany is marching, watch out! The road is free).
# Playfair (surname)

Playfair is a Scottish surname. The family is mentioned in Charles Rogers' 1887 book Four Perthshire families: Roger, Playfair, Constable and Haldane of Barmony.
One of the earliest records of the name is in the Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, which contains an entry from 19th August 1290 referencing William Playfayre, the Earl of Orkney's messenger, who was delivering letters from John Comyn to Edward I, concerning the arrival of Margaret, Maid of Norway in Orkney.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew W. Playfair (1790–1868), Canadian politician, son of William
* Dylan Playfair (born 1992), Canadian actor
* Sir Edward Playfair (1909–1999), British civil servant and businessman
* Guy Lyon Playfair (1935 – 2018) British writer, son of I.S.O. Playfair
* Henry Playfair (born 1983), Australian rules footballer
* Hugh Lyon Playfair (1787–1861), Provost of St Andrews
* Ian Stanley Ord Playfair (1894–1972), a general in the British Army and contributing author to British official history of the Second World War
* James Playfair (architect) (1755–1794), Scottish architect, brother of John, Robert and William, father of William Henry
* Jim Playfair (born 1964), Canadian ice hockey player and coach, brother of Larry
* John Playfair (1748–1819), Scottish scientist, mathematician, and professor of natural philosophy; brother of James, Robert and William
* Judy Playfair (born 1953), Australian swimmer
* Sir Lambert Playfair (1828–1899), British soldier and author
* Larry Playfair (born 1958), Canadian ice hockey player and announcer, brother of Jim
* Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (1818–1898), promoter of the Playfair cipher, manual symmetric encryption technique
* Sir Nigel Playfair (1874–1934), British actor and theater manager
* Patrick Playfair (1889–1974), British senior officer in Flying Corps and later RAF
* Wendy Playfair, Australian actress
* William Playfair (1759–1823), Scottish engineer and political economist, inventor of statistical graphics, brother of James, Robert and John
* William Henry Playfair (1790–1857), Scottish architect (National Gallery of Scotland, Royal Scottish Academy), son of James
* John Playfair Price (1905–1988), British diplomat