OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bump J

Terrance Michael Boykin (born September 15, 1979), better known as Bump J, is an American rapper from Chicago, Illinois. He is best known for his guest appearance alongside Lil Durk on Kanye West and Ty Dolla Sign's 2023 single "Vultures", which peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100.
Prior, he signed an unsuccessful recording contract with Atlantic Records to release his 2005 West-produced single "Move Around", for which he gained minor recognition. He was incarcerated from 2008 to 2017, and resumed his recording career thereafter to work with predominantly Chicago-based artists. He is credited as a co-writer on West's 2018 song "I Thought About Killing You".

## Career

Boykin signed a US$3 million recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2004. In 2005, he released his debut single "Move Around", which received radio play and was used in Madden NFL 06, the television series Entourage (on Season 2, Episode 7), and a McDonald's commercial. Working extensively with fellow Chicago native Kanye West, he was scheduled to release his debut studio album Nothing to Lose the following year, but parted ways with Atlantic by 2007, leaving its release in question.
In November 2008, he was arrested and charged for an armed bank robbery committed in January of the prior year. After accepting a plea deal and serving seven years of a ten year prison sentence, he was released on April 12, 2017. In 2018, he released the mixtapes I Don't Feel Rehabilitated and 606 God. Boykin also collaborated with Ty Money and Chicago rapper G Herbo on his debut album Humble Beast (2018). Alongside Lil Durk, he guest featured on the single "Vultures", the lead single from ¥$ (Kanye West and Ty Dolla Sign)'s collaborative album Vultures 1, released in November 2023.

## Personal life

In 2020, he was managed by SAL&CO.
# Esophageal inlet patch

Esophageal inlet patch or heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus or gastric inlet patch is one or more areas of tissue resembling stomach tissue which is found in the upper portion of the esophagus.

## Description and etiology

Esophageal inlet patches are well defined areas of mucosa which resemble stomach tissue and are pink or salmon colored. The mucosal surface of an esophageal inlet patch is typically flat, but may be slightly raised or slightly depressed.
The development of an esophageal inlet patch may occur due to the misplacement of endoderm from the stomach early in development.

## Signs and symptoms

Often esophageal inlet patches causes no symptoms and are identified incidentally during upper endoscopy. However, when present, symptoms may include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), pain while swallowing (odynophagia), cough or globus sensation.
Whether esophageal inlet patches may cause other symptoms, such as chronic cough or laryngitis, is unclear.
Occasionally, esophageal inlet patches may be seen during a barium esophagram. Findings may include an irregular outline or indentation suggestive of an inlet patch.

## Diagnosis

Esophageal inlet patches are diagnosed by upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD). Detection of esophageal inlet patches may be improved by the use of specialized imaging techniques such as narrow-band imaging (optical chromoendoscopy).

## Treatment

Often treatment for esophageal inlet patch is not necessary. However, when symptoms occur, treatment may consist of ablation. Ablation may be performed with argon plasma coagulation or radiofrequency ablation. When performed by an experienced physician, side effects from ablation appear to be negligible. Treatment with a proton pump inhibitor may be considered.

## Epidemiology

The prevalence of esophageal inlet patch is between 1% and 12%.
Esophageal inlet patches are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Although reports are conflicting, some studies have found an association between esophageal inlet patches and Barrett's esophagus.
# PARI/GP

PARI/GP is a computer algebra system with the main aim of facilitating number theory computations. Versions 2.1.0 and higher are distributed under the GNU General Public License. It runs on most common operating systems.

## System overview

The PARI/GP system is a package that is capable of doing formal computations on recursive types at high speed; it is primarily aimed at number theorists. Its three main strengths are its speed, the possibility of directly using data types that are familiar to mathematicians, and its extensive algebraic number theory module.
The PARI/GP system consists of the following standard components:
* PARI is a C library, allowing for fast computations, and which can be called from a high-level language application (for instance, written in C, C++, Pascal, Fortran, Perl, or Python).
* gp is an easy-to-use interactive command line interface giving access to the PARI functions. It functions as a sophisticated programmable calculator which contains most of the control instructions of a standard language like C. GP is the name of gp's scripting language which can be used to program gp.
Also available is gp2c, the GP-to-C compiler, which compiles GP scripts into the C language and transparently loads the resulting functions into gp. The advantage of this is that gp2c-compiled scripts will typically run three to four times faster. gp2c understands almost all of GP.
PARI/GP performs arbitrary precision calculations (e.g., the significand can be millions of digits long—and billions of digits on 64-bit machines). It can compute factorizations, perform elliptic curve computations and perform algebraic number theory calculations. It also allows computations with matrices, polynomials, power series, algebraic numbers and implements many special functions.
PARI/GP comes with its own built-in graphical plotting capability. PARI/GP has some symbolic manipulation capability, e.g., multivariate polynomial and rational function handling. It also has some formal integration and differentiation capabilities.
PARI/GP can be compiled with GMP (GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library) providing faster computations than PARI/GP's native arbitrary-precision kernel.

## History

PARI/GP's progenitor was a program named Isabelle, an interpreter for higher arithmetic, written in 1979 by Henri Cohen and François Dress at the Université Bordeaux 1.
PARI/GP was originally developed in 1985 by a team led by Henri Cohen at Laboratoire A2X and is now maintained by Karim Belabas at the Université Bordeaux 1 with the help of many volunteer contributors.

### Etymology

The name PARI is a pun about the project's early stages when the authors started to implement a library for "Pascal ARIthmetic" in the Pascal programming language (although they quickly switched to C), and after "pari de Pascal" (Pascal's Wager).
The first version of the gp calculator was originally called GPC, for Great Programmable Calculator. The trailing C was eventually dropped.

## Usage examples

Below are some samples of the gp calculator usage:
# Ascendancy (album)

Ascendancy is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Trivium. It was released on March 15, 2005, through Roadrunner Records and was produced by Jason Suecof and Matt Heafy.

## Background

This marks the first Trivium album to feature guitarist Corey Beaulieu and bassist Paolo Gregoletto. The album was produced by Jason Suecof and frontman Matt Heafy. The album spawned four singles: "Like Light to the Flies", "Pull Harder on the Strings of Your Martyr", "A Gunshot to the Head of Trepidation" and "Dying in Your Arms". Music videos for each of the songs were shot; a promotional video was filmed for the song "Rain". An earlier version of the video for "Dying in Your Arms" was also filmed (inspired by The Phantom of the Opera), but was scrapped for unknown reasons.
The music video for "Like Light to the Flies" debuted at MTV2's Headbangers Ball on September 25, 2004 and features the original demo of the song, which was included on the MTV compilation album Headbangers Ball Volume 2. Likewise, demos of songs "The Deceived" and "Blinding Tears Will Break the Skies" were included on the re-release of Trivium's debut album Ember to Inferno, nearly a year before Ascendancy was released.
Speaking to Kerrang! about the songs' lyrics, Matt Heafy said: "Definitely, some of the lyrics are about my personal insecurities and my social issues and disorders, and there's a thing about quietness in the music industry – people assume you're a dickhead if you don't want to talk, and that was definitely said about me. Being in a band forced me to have to get over my awkwardness around people and you can really see what I was going through in there."

## Reception
### Critical

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | |
Upon its release, the album received critical acclaim. In a very positive review, Johnny Loftus of AllMusic said about the album, "Ascendancy aligns real-deal thrash with powerful modern influences. But at all times it's a platform for Trivium's own crazed talent."

### Accolades

* In 2005, Ascendancy won the "Album of the Year Award" from Kerrang! magazine.
* "Dying in Your Arms" was nominated for Best Single at the 2006 Kerrang! Awards.
* In August 2009, Ascendancy ended up No. 22 in Kerrang!'s "21st Century's Greats" list.
* In October 2018, Ascendancy ended up No. 11 in Metal Hammer's The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of the 21st Century list.

## Commercial performance

Since its release, Ascendancy has sold over 500,000 copies worldwide. In the U.S., the album peaked at No. 151 on the Billboard 200 and at No. 4 on the Top Heatseekers charts, and has sold over 140,000 units. In the UK, it peaked at No. 79, and shipped over 100,000 copies, attaining Gold status, without entering the UK top 75.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Matt Heafy
# Joseph Pannell Taylor

Joseph Pannell Taylor (May 4, 1796 – June 29, 1864) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War. He was the younger brother of Zachary Taylor, the 12th President of the United States.

## Early life

He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Richard Taylor and Sarah Dabney Strother. He married Evelyn A. McLean (1809–1887) from Ohio, daughter of John McLean, a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court and the U.S. Supreme Court.

## Army service

He joined the army during the War of 1812, and was commissioned a third lieutenant, May 20, 1813, second lieutenant, August 1, 1813, and first lieutenant July 15, 1814. After discharge June 15, 1815, and reinstatement as second lieutenant, May 17, 1816, Taylor again was promoted to first lieutenant on November 24, 1817. Taylor was promoted to captain July 25, 1825. He was appointed Assistant Commissary General of Subsistence with the rank of captain on March 10, 1829, and promoted to major with essentially the same assignment (commissary, subsistence) on July 7, 1838, and again promoted to lieutenant colonel and Assistant Commissary General of Subsistence on November 30, 1841. He was appointed to the brevet grade of Colonel, USA, with the same assignment on May 30, 1848.
Taylor assisted Commander John Gardner when he requested provisions for his men at Fort Moultrie, a fort that was being set up to fall into the hands of the Confederates.
Taylor was promoted to full colonel, USA, and appointed Commissary General of Subsistence, September 29, 1861. On February 9, 1863, Taylor was promoted to brigadier general, USA (regular army). Taylor died of diarrhea and partial paralysis at Washington, D.C., on June 29, 1864, and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown, Washington, D.C. He was succeeded as Commissary General by Amos Beebe Eaton.

## Relatives in military service

His nephew, Richard Taylor, was a Confederate Lieutenant General in the American Civil War. His two oldest surviving sons, John McLean Taylor and Joseph Hancock Taylor, also served in the US Army during the Civil War, rising to the ranks of lieutenant colonel and brevet colonel respectively. His brother-in-law, Nathaniel McLean, was a brigadier general of volunteers. His son-in-law David Rumph Jones, married to his daughter Sarah, was a Confederate Major-General.
# Cornisepta microphyma

Cornisepta microphyma is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets.

## Description

The shell grows to a height of 6 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Azores and on the Galicia Bank (Northeast Atlantic Ocean)
# Nick Lalich (basketball)

Nikola Andrew Lalich (May 8, 1916 – May 11, 2001) was a Serbian American professional basketball player. He played for the Youngstown Bears in the National Basketball League (NBL) during the 1945–46 season. He was a star college basketball player at Ohio University in the 1930s, where he earned a bachelor's degree in industrial arts. Later, Lalich earned a master's degree from Columbia University in New York. His younger brother, Pete Lalich, played four seasons in the NBL and one game in the BAA.
Nick Lalich also served with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS; predecessor of CIA) during World War II, helping to rescue and evacuate approximately 550 downed Allied fliers during Operation Halyard, without losing a single life or plane. He later worked for the CIA in Greece from 1952 to 1957.
# Milinda Jayasinghe

Milinda Jayasinghe (born 1978) is a former Sri Lankan rugby union player domiciled in New Zealand. He played for Sri Lanka in the Rugby Sevens tournament at the 2002 Asian Games.

## Career

Jayasinghe pursued his primary and secondary education at Nalanda College, Colombo. He played for Nalanda Rugby team from 1994 to 1998. After leaving school he represented CR & FC, CH & FC and Sri Lanka Air Force. He moved to New Zealand where he became a provincial rugby coach.
# Rays (retailer)

Rays was an Australian chain of retail stores in 40 locations across Australia, selling camping, hiking and kayaking equipment, as well as outdoor clothing and footwear.
It was founded as Ray's Tent City in Geelong in 1958 by Ray Frost, as a single camping and army disposals store. It rebranded as Ray's Outdoors in 2003. The chain was then acquired by the Super Retail Group in 2010, which said 12 of the 38 former Ray's Outdoors outlets would be converted to BCF (Boating Camping and Fishing) stores, an existing Super Retail Group business, and a further 15 would be converted to a new Rays brand.
Beginning in about April 2018, several Rays stores were closed, with the profitable ones becoming Macpac Adventure Hubs, using the name of the New Zealand chain recently acquired by the Super Retail Group. Unlike Macpac stores, Adventure Hubs stocked brands Ray's Outdoors was renowned for selling. They combined the Macpac range of technical outdoor gear, with a selection of apparel, equipment and accessories from some of the world's leading brands: Patagonia, Columbia, Keen, Sea to Summit, Yeti, Scarpa, Coleman, Weber and Wanderer.
# Hiriyur Assembly constituency

Hiriyur Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India.
It is part of Chitradurga district.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly
### Mysore State

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1952 | T. Hanumaiah | Indian National Congress |
| 1952 | V. Vasiyappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1957 | K. Kenchappa | Praja Socialist Party |
| 1962 | V. Masiyappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | D. Manjunath | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | K. H. Ranganath | Indian National Congress |

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1978 | K. H. Ranganath | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| 1983 | K. H. Ranganath | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | R. Ramaiah | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | K. H. Ranganath | Indian National Congress |
| 1994 | D. Manjunath | Janata Dal |
| 1999 | K. H. Ranganath | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | D. Manjunath | Janata Dal (Secular) |
| 2008 | D. Sudhakar | Independent |
| 2013 | D. Sudhakar | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | Poornima Krishnappa | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | D. Sudhakar | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Hiriyur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | D. Sudhakar | 92,050 | 46.02 | +11.66 |
| | BJP | Poornima Krishnappa | 61,728 | 30.86 | −10.31 |
| | JD(S) | M. Raveendrappa | 38,686 | 19.34 | −2.93 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 691 | 0.35 | −0.26 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 30,322 | 15.16 | +8.35 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 200,016 | 82.10 | +1.93 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | | |

### 2018

Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Hiriyur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Poornima Krishnappa | 77,733 | 41.17 |
| | INC | D. Sudhakar | 64,858 | 34.36 |
| | JD(S) | D. Yashodhara | 42,044 | 22.27 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,160 | 0.61 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 12,875 | 6.81 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,88,787 | 80.17 |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | |
# Hristo Botev Partisan Battalion

The Hristo Botev Partisan Battalion was a Bulgarian partisan detachment created by deserted Bulgarian servicemen which operated during the partisan movement in Bulgaria from 1941 to 1944.
It was named after Bulgarian writer, Partisan and national icon Hristo Botev.

## Biography

The detachment was formed by soldiers from the 1/15 border subdivision in the village of Konsko, Gevgelija region, led by its commander Lieutenant Dicho Petrov on December 14, 1943. Its initial composition was 62 Bulgarian soldiers and 9 Macedonian partisans. The commander was Lieutenant Dicho Petrov, the Deputy Commander was Nikola Gruev, the Political Commissioner was Hristo Bayaltsaliev and the Deputy Political Commissioner was Mito Mitsaikov.
Until entering the old borders of Bulgaria, the detachment was part of the Second Macedonian Assault Brigade and led military operations against German forces near the villages of Konsko, Negortsi, Gevgelija, Lumnitsa, Fushtani and Livada. It made a transition through the mountains, going through Belasitsa, Ograzhden, Plachkovitsa, Osogovo and Kozyak.
At the beginning of March 1944 they began carrying out operations with the Trun Partisan Detachment. Together with them they formed the Second Sofia People's Liberation Brigade. They were given the task of contacting the First and Second Sredna Gora Brigades of the Second Plovdiv Insurgent Operational Zone. They fought at Tumba Peak together with Yugoslav partisans, and also in the settlements of Kusa Vrana, Vlasi, Transki Odorovtsi, Smolovtsi, Rosoman, Dalgi Del and Govezhda. It also included an English military mission led by Major Frank Thompson.
On May 23, 1944, after crossing the Iskar River, they fought a fierce battle with army and gendarmerie units near the village of Batulia and were almost completely defeated. Surviving guerrillas joined other guerrilla formations, thus resulting in the dissolution of the Battalion.
E. P. Thompson's first novel 'There is A Spirit in Europe: A Memoir to Frank Thompson (1947)' describes his Special Operations Executive brother's role 'Major Frank Thompson' in the fighting. It describes his capture at Batulia and later execution by firing squad by Gendarmerie forces at Litakovo. A re-released and fully illustrated version with map illustrations of the Battle of Batulia is available from Imprint Lulu.
# Lincoln Crowley

Lincoln Crowley is an Australian lawyer, who was sworn in a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland on 13 June 2022, becoming the first Indigenous Australian to be appointed as a State or Territory justice.
Justice Crowley grew up in Charters Towers, Queensland, attending high school there in the 1980's. His father was one of the Australian Defence Force's first Indigenous commissioned officers to attain the rank of Major. Crowley studied at James Cook University, graduating in 1996 with a Bachelor of Laws, and in 1999 was awarded a Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice from Queensland University of Technology.
Admitted to the legal profession in both Queensland and New South Wales, Justice Crowley became a barrister on 10 August 2007, and took silk (appointed Queen's Counsel) on 22 November 2018.
# KOWA-LP

KOWA-LP (106.5 FM) was a radio station licensed to Olympia, Washington, United States. The station was last owned by Media Island International, a not for profit public library and resource and networking center. KOWA-LP was a member of the Pacifica Radio Network.
KOWA 106.5 LP FM created their own independent media for broadcast on other stations such as this interview with the 22nd Pastors for Peace Cuba Caravanistas in Olympia, Washington on July 6, 2011 and this talk about the Attacks on LGBTQ Community & Unions In Honduras on March 8, 2013.
The Federal Communications Commission cancelled KOWA-LP's license on October 18, 2021.
# Kasafoni

Kasafoni is a town in northeastern Sierra Leone in the mountainous area near the Guinea border.

## Mining

The area is prospective for iron ore.
# Liam Jordan

Liam Jonathan Jordan (born 30 July 1998) is a South African professional soccer player who plays for Swedish Allsvenskan side IF Brommapojkarna and the South Africa national team.

## Club career

Jordan made his professional debut on 17 March 2015 against University of Pretoria in the 2015–16 Nedbank Cup.
In January 2018, he joined HB Køge on loan from Sporting B. The move was made permanent in the summer of 2018. On transfer deadline day, 1 February 2021, Jordan moved to fellow league club FC Helsingør on a deal for the rest of the season.
On 7 March 2023, Jordan joined newly promoted Swedish Allsvenskan side IF Brommapojkarna.

## International career

After representing his country at under-17 and under-20 level, Jordan made his senior international debut for South Africa on 2 July 2017 against Tanzania in the 2017 COSAFA Cup.

## Personal life

He is the son of Keryn Jordan, a former South African soccer player. Jordan was born during his father's time at Durban-based Manning Rangers and emigrated to New Zealand in 2004.
# Impermium

Impermium was a cyber-security startup company based in Redwood City, California, which provided anti-spam and account protection services for Internet websites. In 2014, the company was acquired by Google.

## History

The company was founded in 2010 by Mark Risher, Vishwanath Ramarao, and Naveen Jamal, who met while managing the anti-spam systems for Yahoo! Mail.
The company protected more than 1.5 million sites worldwide, including Disqus, Livefyre, Pinterest, Squarespace, and Tumblr from attacks including fraudulent registrations, login and account hijacking, malicious user-generated content, and other forms of Social spam. Impermium received venture capital financing from funds including Accel Partners, Greylock Partners, Highland Capital Partners, Morado Ventures, and the Social+Capital Partnership.
In January 2014, Google announced the acquisition of the company, merging its team and technology into its own anti-spam group.
# Clément Braz Afonso

Clément Braz Afonso (born 8 November 1999) is a French cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Groupama–FDJ.

## Major results
### 2019

    9th Overall Tour de la Mirabelle

### 2021

    3rd Overall Tour de la Guadeloupe
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stage 8 (ITT)
    7th Overall Ronde de l'Isard
    7th Overall Tour Alsace

### 2023

    2nd Overall Tour de la Mirabelle
       1st Mountains classification
    2nd Overall Tour de Moselle [fr]
    3rd Overall Tour de la Manche [fr]
       1st Stage 1
    2nd Paris–Troyes

### 2024

    2nd Grand Prix de Plouay
    8th Tour du Doubs
    9th Overall Tour Alsace
    9th Route Adélie