OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Populus ciliata

Populus ciliata, the Himalayan poplar, is a large deciduous tree with tall clean straight trunk and wide rounded crown. The bark of the young trees is smooth and greenish-grey while the bark of the old trees is dark brown with vertical cracks. Leaves are broadly ovate with hairy serrulate-crenate margins. Flowers are drooping raceme catkins that appear before or with leaves. Populus ciliata flowers are dioecious. Male flowers have a bell-shaped perianth and female flowers are bluntly toothed. A single capsule encloses an average of 100–150 seeds, which are covered by long silky hair.

## Ecology and distribution
### Geographical distribution

Populus ciliata is natively distributed along the Himalayas through China, Pakistan, India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar. Populus ciliata is exotic to Afghanistan, France, Iran, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States.

### Natural habitat

Populus ciliata prefers moist cool places and grows in sandy, loamy, and clay soil. It grows well in acidic or neutral soil conditions. Shade inhibits the growth of P. ciliata.

### Reproductive biology

Populus ciliata is a dioecious tree pollinated by the wind. The fruits grow in about 3 months after pollination. Seed dispersal takes place from about the middle of June to the middle of July depending upon the climate. It can reproduce through seed and vegetative means.

## Propagation

The seeds weigh about 15 million/kg. In spring, seeds disperse as soon as they mature due to an extremely short period of viability of a few days after maturation. Fresh seeds exhibit high viability with a germination rate of up to 75–90%.

## Uses
### Food

Populus ciliata is chopped for food and stored to be fed to livestock during times of food shortage.

### Fuel

Populus ciliata is used as fuel wood.

### Timber

Populus ciliata wood is used for making boxes for packing purposes, as well as for poles, trucks, barrow-trays, coaches, furniture and cross-beams.

### Medicine

The bark is used to make tonics, stimulants and blood purifiers. The paste of the bark, when mixed with the ash of cow dung, can be used to treat muscular swellings.

### Other

Populus ciliata provides paper for writing, wrapping and printing.

## Erosion control

This tree can be used to control erosion as it easily establishes in shallow soils, exhibits a fast growth rate, and produces numerous strong lateral roots with little taper. Hence, it has been used extensively in China, Japan, the USA and New Zealand to bind soil in erosion-prone areas.

## Pests and diseases

During rainy season, the leaves of the tree are extensively colonized by leaf defoliators such as Pyragea cupreata and P. fulgurita. In India, records show that this tree has been a victim of the plant parasite Loranthus elatus. Other pathogens that cause premature defoliation in this species include Bipolaris mydis, Pseudocercospora salicia and Phorma macrostoma. Incidents of ganoderma root rot have also been reported in this species.
# Christopher Landon (screenwriter)

Christopher Guy Landon (29 March 1911 – 26 April 1961) was a British novelist and screenwriter best known for the novel Ice Cold in Alex and its subsequent film adaptation.

## Biography

Landon was born in West Byfleet, Surrey. His father was a stockjobber of Huguenot descent and he was a distant cousin of the author Perceval Landon. He was educated at Lancing College and Clare College, Cambridge, where he studied medicine.
Landon served with the Royal Army Medical Corps and Royal Army Service Corps in North Africa during the Second World War. Granted a field commission, Landon ended the war as a captain and was granted an honorary promotion to Major when he relinquished his commission in 1951.
After the war, he wrote several novels, including Ice Cold in Alex, set in North Africa during World War II and made into the film of the same name in 1958; A Flag in the City, a fictional account of British intelligence destroying German fifth column operations in Persia; Stone Cold Dead in the Market; Hornet's Nest; Dead Men Rise Up Never; and Unseen Enemy (also known as The Shadow of Time).
He died of accidental alcohol and barbiturate poisoning at his home in Frognal in 1961, leaving a wife and three children.
# Glen Afton

Glen Afton and Pukemiro are twin settlements in the Waikato District, in northern Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. The nearest town is Huntly, some 14 km (9 mi) away.
The settlements were previously an important coal-mining centre, but only one large and one small open-cast coal mine still operates in the area. There was a mining disaster at Glen Afton on 24 September 1939: 11 men were asphyxiated by carbon monoxide.
The Bush Railway runs the Pukemiro Line Heritage Railway, which was formerly the Glen Afton Branch until 1977. The Country Music Club meets at the Bush Tramway Club club rooms.

## Puke Coal

Puke Coal operates near the Bush Tramway and has consent to produce up to 180,000 tonnes of coal a year, though actual production was described as "relatively modest" in 2014. The mine is open cast, recovering coal left by previous mining.
The mine is privately owned, so there are no permits and no public record of production. The company was formed in 2011 and employs 25 staff in its mining and landfill work.

## Education

Pukemiro School opened in 1905 and reached a peak roll of over 120 students. It closed in 2021.
# William Harris Murch

William Harris Murch (1784 – 12 July 1859) was a Baptist minister who served as a joint secretary of the Baptist Union and the Theological head and President of the Stepney Academy.

## Life

Murch was born in Honiton in Devon in 1784 and took to the church early, being known as a "boy preacher". He is said to have been inspired by reading a biography of Samuel Pearce, by Andrew Fuller. He attended Wymondley College, a dissenting academy that often moved location. He was baptised in 1802 as a young adult, in the Baptist style. After completing his training, he accepted an offer from the Sheppards Barton Meeting House at Frome only after he considered he was mature enough. After a long ministry there he was appointed the President and Theological Tutor of Stepney Academy in 1827 and he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity by Brown University.
Murch became one of the joint secretaries of the Baptist Union in 1834 which was a post he was to retain for twelve years. It may be a coincidence but John Howard Hinton was later to say that although Baptists had been meeting for many years it was not until 1834 that the real Baptist Union was formed.
In 1840, Murch attended the World's Anti-Slavery Convention in London and he was one of the notable delegates recorded in the picture. After stepping down at Stepney Academy in 1843 and from his other formal positions Murch served for seven years with a Church in Rickmansworth before helping to form a church in Bath. Murch died in 1859.

## Legacy

Murch is in a painting in the National Portrait Gallery in London. He was also painted by George Frederick Clarke and this painting is now at the Regent's Park College in Oxford.
# Porotos granados

Porotos granados is a traditional Chilean countryside stew made mainly of ripe cranberry beans, maize kernels and squash. Other common ingredients are onions, and herbs such as cumin, basil and oregano. Pumpkin is also used in some recipes. It is considered a summer stew, because that is when the maize and summer squash are harvested in central and southern Chile.

## Origins

The Mapuche people, among others, have cultivated beans since pre-Columbian times and most of its ingredients are native to the Americas. The stew receives its name from its main ingredient, ripe harvested Cranberry (cargamanto) beans, originated in Colombia, but also is common among the Aymara people. The word poroto, unique to Chile, southern Peru and Argentina, originally comes from the Quechua word for bean purutu.

## Preparation

The most common preparation of porotos granados is the vegetarian version, made by stewing the ingredients in vegetable broth. The original recipe involves fresh picked ripe beans, called pochas in Spain. Porotos granados is sometimes served with Chilean salad, also a summer recipe from the Chilean countryside.

## Variations

Although the original version is done with the cargamanto bean that gives the stew its name, similar stews are prepared with tortola beans, coscorron and bayo beans, the three top bean varieties produced in Chile. Replacing the vegetable broth for chicken or beef broth is not uncommon, and in modern times frozen beans and vegetables are used for convenience. There is also a traditional variation called "porotos granados con mazamorra" where the corn is blended to a paste.
# Kayqubad II

Kayqubad II (Old Anatolian Turkish: كیقباد; Persian: علاء الدين كيقباد بن كيخسرو, ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kayqubād bin Kaykhusraw, c. 1238-1239 – 1254/1256) was the Seljuk Sultan of Rûm from 1249-1257. He was the only son of the Seljuq Sultan of Rûm Kaykhusraw II and the Georgian princess Gurju Khatun (known as Tamar). Kaykhusraw's elder sons, by different mothers, were Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV, and also served as sultan after their father's death, often simultaneously. As son of the sultan’s favorite wife, he was designated heir. He had a weak constitution and was likely seven years old at the time of his father’s death in 1246.

## Reign

The vizier to the sultan, Shams al-Din Isfahani, seeking to defend a degree of Seljuk sovereignty in Anatolia from the Mongols, put Kayqubad II on the throne together with his two elder brothers, Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV.
In 1254 the Mongols asked that Kaykaus II, then nineteen years old, come in person to Möngke, the Great Khan. The brothers, at a conference in Kayseri, decided that Kayqubad II should go to in his stead. The voyage to Möngke’s capital at Karakhorum would be arduous. Kayqubad delayed his trip until at least 1256. He witnessed Bayju assembling his horsemen for the migration to Anatolia and sent messages advising his brothers to comply with the Mongol’s demands. One day on the road Kayqubad was found dead. The vizier Baba Tughra’i, who had joined the embassy en route, was accused but nothing came of it. Kayqubad was buried somewhere in the wastes between Anatolia and Mongolia.
# Shaving cream

Shaving cream or shave cream is a category of cream cosmetics used for shaving preparation. The purpose of shaving cream is to soften the hair by providing lubrication.
Different types of shaving creams include aerosol shaving cream (also known as shaving foam), latherless shaving cream (also called brushless shaving cream and non-aerosol shaving cream), and lather shaving cream or lathering shaving cream. The term shaving cream can also refer to the lather produced with a shaving brush from shaving soap or a lather shaving cream.
Shaving creams commonly consist of an emulsion of oils, soaps or surfactants, and water. In addition to soap, lather shaving creams include a humectant for softer consistency and keeping the lather moisturised. Brushless shaving creams, on the other hand, don't contain soap and so don't produce lather. They are an oil-in-water mixture to which humectants, wetting agents, and other ingredients are added. Aerosol shaving creams are basically lather shaving cream in liquid form with propellants, vegetable waxes, and various oils added.

## History

A rudimentary form of shaving cream was documented in Sumer around 3000 BC. This substance combined wood alkali and animal fat and was applied to a beard as a shaving preparation.
Until the early 20th century, bars or sticks of hard shaving soap were used. Later, tubes containing compounds of oils and soft soap were sold.
In 1919 Frank Shields, a former MIT professor developed the first shaving cream. The innovative product appeared on the American market under the name Barbasol and offered men an alternative to using a brush to work soap into lather. When it was first produced, Barbasol was filled and packaged entirely by hand in Indianapolis. The brand still exists and is currently available worldwide.
The first can of pressurized shaving cream was Rise shaving cream, introduced in 1949. By the following decade this format attained two-thirds of the American market. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were used as propellants until they were banned in the late 1990s for destroying the ozone layer. Gaseous hydrocarbons such as mixtures of pentane, propane, butane and isobutane took their place.
In the 1970s, shaving gel was developed. In 1993, The Procter & Gamble Company patented a post-foaming gel composition, which turns the gel into a foam after application to the skin, combining properties of both foams and gels.

## Contents

Shaving creams and soaps are available as solids (bars); creams, generally in tubes; or aerosols. All forms may be applied with a shaving brush.
Shaving creams contain 20–30% soap [potassium or triethanolamine (TEA)], up to about 10% glycerine, emollients, emulsifiers, and foaming agents. Aerosols are diluted creams dispensed from pressurized cans with the aid of hydrocarbon propellants (up to about 10%). The flammability of the hydrocarbons is offset by the large amounts of water in cream formulations.
Beard-softening is due to hair hydration, which also depends on pH. In electric or dry shaving, swelling of the hairs is not desired, and such preparations use high amounts of alcohol (50–80%) to dry the skin and stiffen the hairs.
# Embassy of Finland, Moscow

The Embassy of the Republic of Finland in Moscow is the chief diplomatic mission of Finland in the Russian Federation. It is located at 15-17 Kropotkinsky Lane (Russian: Кропоткинский пер., 15/17) in the Khamovniki District of Moscow.

## Embassy building

The current building of the embassy has been in use since December 6th, 1948; Finland's independence day. It is the first building that Finland built specifically as a diplomatic mission. It was also the first foreign mission to be built in the Soviet capital of Moscow and it remains one of the few functionalist buildings in the city.
The building’s large balcony is called "Paasikiven komentosilta"; "The command bridge of Paasikivi". Inside, in the decorative hall between the dining hall and the great hall, there are two paintings by Ilya Repin and gilded furniture from the beginning of the 20th century. According to legend, the furniture originates from the minister-secretary of state’s residence during the Grand Duchy of Finland. The great hall features modern furniture and the dining hall has furniture designed by Elli Ruuth.
When the building was completed, the staff lived in the embassy area. During the Winter War, the building was vacant and under Swedish surveillance. Swedish diplomats lived in the building during the Continuation War. U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan moved in once the war was over.
There were allotments, as well as chickens and pigs, in the embassy yard from the late 1940s until the 1960s, when apartments for the staff began to be rented from elsewhere in the city.
The construction for the additional building for the embassy began once the Soviet Union dissolved and was completed in 1996.

## Ambassadors
### Soviet Union

| Representative | Year | Title |
| Anders Ahonen | 1921 | Representative |
| Eero Järnefelt | 1921 | Chargé d'Affaires |
| Karl Gyllenbögel | 1921–1922 | Chargé d'Affaires |
| Eero Järnefelt | 1922–1923 | Chargé d'Affaires |
| Antti Hackzell | 1922–1927 | Envoy |
| Pontus Artti | 1927–1930 | Envoy |
| Aarno Yrjö-Koskinen | 1931–1939 | Envoy |
| Juho Kusti Paasikivi | 1940–1941 | Envoy |
| Cay Sundström | 1945–1953 | Envoy |
| Åke Gartz | 1953–1954 | Envoy |
| Åke Gartz | 1954–1955 | Ambassador |
| Eero A. Wuori | 1955–1963 | Ambassador |
| Jorma Vanamo | 1963–1967 | Ambassador |
| Jaakko Hallama | 1967–1970 | Ambassador |
| Björn-Olof Alholm | 1970–1974 | Ambassador |
| Jaakko Hallama | 1974–1982 | Ambassador |
| Aarno Karhilo | 1983–1988 | Ambassador |
| Heikki Talvitie | 1988–1992 | Ambassador |

### Russia

| Representative | Year | Title |
| Heikki Talvitie | 1991–1992 | Ambassador |
| Arto Mansala | 1993–1996 | Ambassador |
| Markus Lyra | 1996–2000 | Ambassador |
| René Nyberg | 2000–2004 | Ambassador |
| Harry Helenius | 2004–2008 | Ambassador |
| Matti Anttonen | 2008–2012 | Ambassador |
| Hannu Himanen | 2012–2016 | Ambassador |
| Mikko Hautala | 2016–2020 | Ambassador |
| Antti Helanterä | 2020-2024 | Ambassador |
| Marja Liivala | 2024- | Ambassador |
# Geoffrey Badger

Sir Geoffrey Malcolm Badger (10 October 1916, Port Augusta, South Australia – 23 September 2002, Adelaide) was Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Adelaide from 1955 to 1964, and Vice-Chancellor of the University from 1967 to 1977. He was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1960, appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1975, and was knighted in 1979. In retirement he wrote two books, "Explorers of the Pacific" (1988) and "The Explorers of Australia" (2001).
# Viśeṣastava

The Viśeṣa-stava is a Buddhist stotra by the author Udbhaṭasiddhasvāmin and has pride of place as the text that opens the Tibetan bsTan 'gyur. Originally written in Sanskrit, it was extensively propagated and sung. It was written to demonstrate the superiority of Buddhism over tirthikas. It has long been only known from its Tibetan translation (in the 9th century by the efforts of Sarvajñadeva and the Tibetans Rin-chen-mchog (d. 840) and Dpal-brtseg Rakṣita). Now, it is also known in a Sanskrit version thanks to Johannes Schneider and Liu Zhen's study. At the time of its translation into Tibetan, the Indian pandita Prajñāvarman wrote a commentary on it which immediately follows it in the bsTan 'gyur.
# Nabor Carrillo Flores

Nabor Carrillo Flores (23 February 1911, in Mexico City – 19 February 1967) is the third son of Mexican composer Julián Carrillo Trujillo, and younger brother of Antonio Carrillo Flores. He did his first studies in Mexico City and he continued them in New York City. On his return to Mexico, he made his studies of preparatory and those of civil engineering at the National University (UNAM), where he graduated in 1939. He received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1940, and his PhD from Harvard University, where he had also received his MSc in 1941. He taught and did scientific research at UNAM. He represented Mexico in the atomic test of the atoll of Bikini in 1946. He was named technical advisor of the Mexican delegation in the Commission on Atomic Energy of the United Nations for the pacific use of atomic energy.
He was Rector of the UNAM from February 14, 1953, to February 13, 1957, and reelected for a second period, the first reelection in UNAM's history, from that same date to January 13, 1961. During his administration the transfer of the university that was scattered around the city to Ciudad Universitaria CU (University City) was carried out, acquired the Van de Graaff equipment, the first one in Latin America for atomic studies, and the publication of the Newspaper of the university began.
He promoted the Nuclear Center of Mexico that would be inaugurated after his death. Executive Advisor of the National Commission of Nuclear Energy. From 1943 it was dedicated to the study of the scientific problems of the movements of the subsoil in the Valley of Mexico. He received the National Prize of Sciences in 1957 and among other foreign distinctions, the Legion of Honor of France. He received Doctor Honoris Causa by several national and foreign universities.
Nabor Carrillo died in Mexico City on 1967. His body was placed next to his father's, in the Rotonda de los Hombres Ilustres (the Rotunda of the Illustrious) of the Panteón de Dolores in Mexico City.
The lunar crater Carrillo is named after him.
# Fluentd

Fluentd is a cross-platform open-source data collection software project originally developed at Treasure Data. It is written primarily in the C programming language with a thin-Ruby wrapper that gives users flexibility.

## Overview

Fluentd was positioned for "big data," semi- or un-structured data sets. It analyzes event logs, application logs, and clickstreams. According to Suonsyrjä and Mikkonen, the "core idea of Fluentd is to be the unifying layer between different types of log inputs and outputs.", Fluentd is available on Linux, macOS, and Windows.

## History

Fluentd was created by Sadayuki Furuhashi as a project of the Mountain View-based firm Treasure Data. Written primarily in Ruby, its source code was released as open-source software in October 2011. The company announced $5 million of funding in 2013. Treasure Data was then sold to Arm Ltd. in 2018.

## Users

Fluentd was one of the data collection tools recommended by Amazon Web Services in 2013, when it was said to be similar to Apache Flume or Scribe. Google Cloud Platform's BigQuery recommends Fluentd as the default real-time data-ingestion tool, and uses Google's customized version of Fluentd, called google-fluent, as a default logging agent.

## Fluent Bit

Fluent Bit is a log processor and log forwarder that is being developed as a CNCF sub-project under the umbrella of Fluent project. Fluentd is written in C and Ruby and consumes at least 60 megabytes of memory. Fluent Bit is written only in C, with no dependencies, and consumes approximately one megabyte of memory, making it easier to run under embedded Linux and in containers.
# KPFX

KPFX (107.9 FM, "107.9 The Fox") is a classic rock radio station licensed to serve Kindred, North Dakota, serving the Fargo-Moorhead metropolitan area. The radio station is owned by Jim Ingstad's Radio FM Media, and is the flagship radio station for North Dakota State University Football and Men's Basketball.
Its studios are located on 7th Avenue South in Fargo, while its transmitter is located near Sabin, Minnesota.

## Ownership

In May 1999, Triad Broadcasting reached a deal to acquire this station (along with KQWB 1660 (Sports Talk), KQWB-FM 98.7 (Active rock), KVOX 99.9 (Country), and KLTA 105.1 (Hot AC)) from brothers Jim and Tom Ingstad as part of a twelve-station deal valued at a reported $37.8 million.
On November 30, 2012, Triad Broadcasting signed a Definitive Agreement to sell all 32 of their stations to Larry Wilson's L&L Broadcasting for $21 Million. Upon completion of the sale on May 1, 2013, L&L in turn sold the Fargo stations to Jim Ingstad, who had just sold his competing cluster to Midwest Communications. An LMA (Local Marketing Agreement) was placed so Ingstad could take immediate control of the stations, and the sale became final July 2, 2013. The sale was worth $9.5 million.
On August 4, 2014, KPFX moved its transmitter from its longtime home near Wolverton, MN to just south of Sabin, MN, giving the station an optimal signal in the Fargo-Moorhead metro area, and great coverage of the Detroit Lakes, MN area.

## 61 for 61 Radiothon

Since 1997, The Fox has partnered with Merticare's Roger Maris Cancer Center to hold a three-day radiothon event, usually towards the end of September. The on-air portion includes stories from survivors and the family members who lost the battle to Cancer. A memorial wall (originally a billboard in its early years) is put up where family members can put the names of loved ones who have had cancer. The event is held in honor of Roger Maris, a North Dakota native, Baseball legend and Cancer victim himself. The event also includes live performances from local bands, games for the kids and the 61 for 61 home run walk.

## Program schedule

* The Fox Morning Show with Dave Moose (Mon-Fri 5:30a-9a)
* Rockin’ You On The Job (Mon-Fri 10a-1p)
* Jay Farley (Mon-Fri 2p-7p)
* The FOX Weeknights (Mon-Fri 7p-10p)

## Former Staff

Robbie Daniels (now at KFGO-AM)
Fish (now at KQWB-FM)