OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Suran, Hama Governorate

Suran (Arabic: صوران, romanized: Ṣūrān) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate. In the 2004 census, Suran had a population of 29,100. Its inhabitants are predominant Sunni Muslims.

## History

Suran was a small village at the onset of Ottoman rule (1517–1917), having a population of only 9 households in 1526. In 1838, it was recorded as a Sunni Muslim village.
During French Mandatory rule (1923–1946), the Bulletin du Comité de l'Asie française noted that the inhabitants of Suran and nearby Kafr Zita "were still proud" of their descent from the Mawali tribe. For much of the Ottoman period, the Mawali were Bedouins who dominated the northern and central Syrian desert until they were driven closer to Hama and Aleppo in the late 18th century by the Anaza, a Bedouin tribal confederation from Najd (central Arabia).
The Bulletin, writing in 1933, noted that the inhabitants of Suran, like several other places whose residents were of Bedouin origin near Hama, owned their lands collectively and subject to periodic sharing (musha'). The village was wealthy and well-cultivated. This, and its close proximity to the city of Hama, had long made the village an attractive investment for Hama's landowning elites. Unlike numerous other villages in the vicinity, especially Alawite villages, the Sunni Muslim residents of Suran staved off attempts by the urban elite to gain ownership of their lands. Such an attempt had occurred in 1929, when Suran's mukhtar (headman) was prosecuted by the authorities for arms smuggling. The notables of Hama offered to support the mukhtar and the villagers against the legal proceedings in exchange for some plots of land in Suran. The mukhtar, conscious that this would allow the urban elite a foothold in the village, as had happened in other nearby places, rejected their offer.

### Syrian civil war

In 2024, as part of the Syrian opposition offensive and Syrian Army retreat, the town was occupied by Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). On 2 December 2024, heavy fighting occurred in the area. On 3 December, HTS regained control over the city.
# James E. Darnell

James Edwin Darnell Jr. (born September 9, 1930, Columbus, Mississippi) is an American biologist who made significant contributions to RNA processing and cytokine signaling and is author of the cell biology textbook Molecular Cell Biology.
In 2004, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
Since 2013, Darnell has been listed on the Advisory Council of the National Center for Science Education.
He is married to Norwegian former model and dress shop owner Kristin Holby, known as "Clotilde", whose daughter Phoebe, a financial analyst, is married to businessman Divya Narendra.

## Awards

* 1999 Dickson Prize
* 1999 Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award
* 2002 National Medal of Science
* 2002 Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award
* 2010 Hope Funds Award in Basic Research
* 2012 Albany Medical Center Prize
# Four Oaks Commercial Historic District

Four Oaks Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Four Oaks, Johnston County, North Carolina. It encompasses 29 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in the town of Four Oaks. It includes notable examples of Mission Revival style architecture and buildings dating from about 1890 to 1957. It includes commercial, residential, ecclesiastical, and educational structures. Notable buildings include the W.E. Stanley Store (c. 1890, 1947), Blake Adams Store (1904), Four Oaks Bank Building, Lassiter Building (c. 1925), W. D. Allen Building (1926), Four Oaks Drugstore (1937), Sinclair Gas Station (c. 1930s).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Rafael Menacho

Rafael Menacho y Tutlló (1766–1811) was a Spanish military commander during the Peninsular War. He was killed in action during the first siege of Badajoz in 1811.

## Early career

Born in Cádiz, Menacho attended the military school at El Puerto de Santa María, and in 1784 enlisted in the Regimiento de Infantería de la Victoria n.º 38 as a cadet. He stayed with that regiment for the following ten years. Garrisoned at Valencia, at the outbreak of the war against France in 1793, he requested, on three occasions, to be sent on active service in the field, finally seeing action at the retreat of Argelès (October 1793), where he was seriously wounded.
In 1795, he transferred to the Voluntarios de Cazadores de la Corona, seeing action in several combats in Portugal.

## Peninsular War

At the outbreak of the war, Menacho left with his regiment, on 1 July 1808, to join the forces of General Pedro Agustín de Echevarri. On 10 June, his battalion joined General Castaños's vanguard, and the following week he was given the command of the vanguard of Lieutenant general Manuel de la Peña's division, with which he participated at the Battle of Bailén.
In September 1810, Menacho was promoted to field marshal and appointed military and civil governor of Badajoz, as well as commanding officer of its garrison.

### Siege of Badajoz

At the beginning of 1811, the garrison at Badajoz consisted of 4,100 men. However, before withdrawing towards Portugal, Mendizábal had added two battalions more (1st and 2nd of the Second Regiment of Seville) raising the Spanish troops there to 5,000.
Following Mendizábal's rout at Gebora, the remnants of his army (1,108 men of La Carrera's division, 554 of Virues's division, and 995 of battalions of Garcia's division) took refuge at Badajoz, bringing the number of troops at the garrison up to over 8,000 men.
On 3 March, Menacho sent out a sortie which spiked the twelve guns of the two nearest besieging batteries. However, while he was watching the progress of the action from the ramparts of the castle, he was killed by a chance shot. The following week, the new commander, Brigadier José Imaz, called a council of war which decided to surrender to Mortier.

### Oman's comment

Oman, in his A History of the Peninsular War, Vol. IV (1911), was especially critical of Imaz's surrender, summing it up as follows:
   Badajoz was found by the victors to contain rations for 8,000 men sufficient to last for over a month, more than 150 serviceable cannon, 80,000 lb. of powder, 300,000 infantry cartridges, and two bridge equipages. There is not the slightest doubt that if Menacho had lived the place would have held out till it was relieved by Beresford. For the latter, who was finally ordered to move to its relief on March 12th, would have reached its neighbourhood on the 18th. (Oman 1911, p. 61.)
# Stenocercus chlorostictus

Stenocercus chlorostictus is a species of lizard of the family Tropiduridae. It is found in Peru.
# Helicam

The Helicam is a remote-controlled mini helicopter used to obtain aerial pictures or motion images using video, still or motion film cameras. The remote controlled camera mount system allows pan, tilt and roll movements. A wireless onboard video transmitter downlinks the live signal to the camera operator, images can be recorded on board, on the ground or both. The system is controlled by two operators with independent controls: the helicam pilot and camera operator.
One of the characteristics of the helicam is the flexibility and small size. The system can be flown practically everywhere providing a small spot of about 4 square meters is available to take off and land. Flight endurance ranges from 15 to 30 minutes, refueling can be done in seconds.
Helicams are used in film, sports and a variety of media.
# Jeffrey Cole

Jeffrey E. Cole is an American anthropologist. He is professor of anthropology, chairman of the Department of Anthropology and dean at Connecticut College, and served as president of the Society for the Anthropology of Europe of the American Anthropological Association from 2012 to 2014. Cole is an expert on race and ethnicity in Europe, a subject on which he has written and edited numerous books and articles.

## Biography

Jeffrey Cole received his B.A. from Portland State University, his Cand. Mag from the University of Oslo and his Ph.D. from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Cole subsequently served for 15 years on the faculty of Dowling College. Since 2008 he has been professor of anthropology and chair of the Department of Anthropology at Connecticut College. He was made Associate Dean at Connecticut College in 2015, and since July 1, 2018, he has been Dean of the Faculty at Connecticut College since July 1, 2018.
Cole is an expert on race and ethnicity in Europe, a subject on which he has authored numerous books and articles. He has co-edited two special issues of the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, and was the editor of Ethnic Groups of Europe (2011), a one-volume encyclopedia. In the latter work, Cole supervised the work of more than 80 scholars from throughout the world.
Cole is a fellow of the Goodwin-Niering Center for the Environment (GNCE). He is the recipient of grants and awards from the National Science Foundation, Wenner-Gren, the Fulbright Program, and the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation. From 2012 to 2014, Cole was president of the Society for the Anthropology of Europe, a section of the American Anthropological Association. He has supervised studies and has supervised individual studies and honors theses conducted by students in the GNCE and the Toor Cummings Center for International Studies and the Liberal Arts (CISLA).
Cole is a resident of Mystic, Connecticut, where he lives with his spouse Sally Booth.

## Selected bibliography

* A New Racism in Europe: A Sicilian Ethnography, 1997
* Dirty Work: Immigrants in Domestic Service, Agriculture, and Prostitution in Sicily, 2007
* Ethnic Groups of Europe, 2011
# Gene G. Abdallah

Gene George Abdallah (June 16, 1936 – November 2, 2019) was an American politician. He served in the South Dakota House of Representatives from 2001 to 2002 as well as 2011 to 2012 and in the Senate from 2002 to 2010.
Abdallah served in the South Dakota Air National Guard from 1954 to 1962. He served in the Minnehaha County Sheriff's Department and was the chief deputy sheriff. Abdallah worked for the SoDak Distributors in Sioux Falls. He also was the superintendent of the South Dakota Highway Patrol and a United States marshal. He died in Sioux Falls in 2019, aged 83.
# Jeneba Tarmoh

Jeneba Sylvia Tarmoh (born September 27, 1989) is an American track and field sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres and 200 metres. She is of Sierra Leonean descent.

## Prep

Tarmoh lives in San Jose, California, where she attended Mt. Pleasant High School. Her parents, both nurses, immigrated to San Jose from Sierra Leone shortly before she was born. While at Mt. Pleasant, she won both the 100 meters and 200 meters at the CIF California State Meet both her 2006 junior and 2007 senior years. She was also part of the 2007 CIF State Championship team from Mt.Pleasant High School.

## College career

Tarmoh was an All-American for Texas A&M University, helping them with back to back to back wins in the NCAA Track & Field Outdoor Championships 2009–2011 seasons. She gave up her final year of eligibility to compete in the NCAA after she went professional, signing with Nike. She came in third at the 2011 USA National Outdoor Championships in the 200m behind Shalonda Solomon and Carmelita Jeter, earning her a place on the 2011 IAAF World Championships team.

## Olympic career

On June 23, 2012, Tarmoh finished in a dead heat with Allyson Felix for third place in the 100m finals at the US Track and Field Olympic Trials. Tarmoh had initially been declared the third-place finisher immediately after the race but was dropped into a tie with Felix after officials reviewed images of the photo finish. The top three places qualified for the 2012 USA Olympic team for the 2012 Summer Olympics; however, USATF had no tiebreaker procedures in place at the time in the event of a tie for the final spot. After discussion, USATF officials decided that a runoff between the two sprinters would take place in the event that neither ceded her spot to the other. Tarmoh initially agreed to the runoff but later pulled out, ceding the spot to Felix. The event generated substantial criticism toward USATF officials for having insufficient procedures in place for breaking ties, as well as for forcing the runners to decide whether to participate in the eventual runoff.
Tarmoh traveled to London as a reserve on the US team. She ran the second leg of the women's 4 × 100 metres relay in the qualifying round. Although she did not compete in the finals, she received a gold medal as the USA set a world record in winning the finals.

## Personal Information

Tarmoh has also appeared in an episode of California On, where she was interviewed by comedian Kassem G.

## Personal bests

| Event | Time | Venue | Date |
| 100 m | 10.93 (1.8 m/s) | Des Moines, Iowa | June 21, 2013 |
| 200 m | 22.23 (-0.3 m/s) | Monaco | 17 July 2015 |
# Laker

Laker or Lakers may refer to:

## Sports teams
### Collegiate

* Clayton State Lakers, the NCAA Division II athletic program of Clayton State University in Morrow, Georgia
* Grand Valley State Lakers, the athletic program of Grand Valley State University, an NCAA Division II school in Allendale, Michigan
* Iowa Lakes Community College Lakers, located in Estherville, Iowa
* Lake Superior State Lakers, the athletic program of Lake Superior State University, an NCAA Division II school in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan that fields an NCAA Division I men's ice hockey team
* Mercyhurst Lakers, the athletic program of Mercyhurst University, an NCAA Division I school in Erie, Pennsylvania
* Nipissing Lakers, competing in Ontario University Athletics, in North Bay, Ontario
* Roosevelt Lakers, the athletic program of Roosevelt University, an NCAA Division II school in Chicago, Illinois
* State University of New York at Oswego (Oswego State) Lakers, an NCAA Division III school, in Oswego, New York

### High school

* Bonneville High School (Washington Terrace, Utah) Lakers
* Calloway County High School Lakers, Murray, Kentucky
* Danbury High School Lakers, Marblehead, Ohio
* Detroit Lakes High School Lakers, Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
* Indian Lake High School Lakers, Lewistown, Ohio
* Mercyhurst Preparatory School Lakers, Erie, Pennsylvania
* Cazenovia High School Lakers, Cazenovia, New York
* Skaneateles High School Lakers, Skaneateles, New York
* West Bloomfield High School Lakers, West Bloomfield, Michigan
* Penticton Secondary School Lakers, Penticton, British Columbia

### Professional

* Doncaster Lakers, a British rugby league club
* Hutt Valley Lakers, a former basketball team based in Wellington, New Zealand
* Laguna Lakers, a defunct basketball team based in Laguna, Philippines
* Penticton Lakers, a Canadian ice hockey team
* Peterborough Lakers Jr. A, a box lacrosse team from Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
* Rapperswil-Jona Lakers, a Swiss ice hockey team
* South Bay Lakers, a team in the NBA G League
* Växjö Lakers, a Swedish ice hockey team in Swedish Hockey League

## Other uses

* Laker (surname)
* Lake freighter or laker, a type of cargo ship
* Laker Airways, an airline company
* Laker Beer, a brand of beer sold in Canada
# Hisham Zuabi

Hisham Zuabi (Arabic: هشام الزعبي, Hebrew: הישאם זועבי; born 16 May 1969) is an Israeli former professional footballer and currently acts as the manager of Maccabi Umm al-Fahm.
# Tachysphex nigerrimus

Tachysphex nigerrimus, also known as the black cockroach hunter, is a species of wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is endemic to New Zealand, the only species of Tachysphex that occurs there. It was nominated for New Zealand Bug of the Year in 2024, and came in 19th place of 20 contenders.

## Name

This species is known as the black cockroach-hunting wasp or black cockroach hunter in English, and in Māori as ngaro wīwī (written "ngaro wiwi", without macrons, in older sources). Ngaro is a generic Māori word for fly or wasp, and wīwī conveys walking to distant places (as in the phrase ki wīwī ki wāwā for going walkabout). This name is used for all the New Zealand hunting wasps in the families Eumenidae, Pompilidae, and Sphecidae, such as Pison spinolae and Priocnemis monachus.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described as Tachytes nigerrimus by Frederick Smith in 1856. The holotype is at the British Museum of Natural History.

## Behaviour

T. nigerrimus makes small, simple burrows in sand or in silty riverbanks above flood level, and can burrow into rock. The female T. nigerrimus hunts for native cockroaches (such as Celatoblatta or Parellipsidion), which she stings, paralysing them, and drags or flies them back to her burrow. The curved, white eggs of T. nigerrimus are 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long by 0.7 mm (0.028 in) wide and are laid on and cemented to the cockroach and the larval wasp eats it alive. Each larva is typically provisioned with three cockroaches.

## Distribution and habitat

T. nigerrimus is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the North, South and Stewart Islands.

## Gallery

* T. nigerrimus side view, close up, observed near Dunedin, New Zealand
* T. nigerrimus with paralysed cockroach
* T. nigerrimus
# 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état

The 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état took place on 24 November 1948, when Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Luis Felipe Llovera Páez overthrew the elected president, Rómulo Gallegos, who had been elected in the 1947 Venezuelan general election (generally believed to be the country's first honest election) and had taken office in February 1948. Chalbaud had been Gallegos' minister of defense. Jiménez took command of the country as its dictator.
Democracy would not be restored until the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état overthrew Jiménez.
# Chan Htoon

Justice Chan Htoon (ချန်ထွန်း, pronounced; 23 April 1906 – 16 May 1988) was Attorney General and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Burma, and the architect of the first constitution of Burma in 1947. He was educated at Ananda College in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), where he passed matriculation in 1928. Afterward, he studied at the University College, Rangoon and became a lawyer in 1931, after he was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple. Chan Htoon served as the President of the World Fellowship of Buddhists from 1958 to 1963. He was imprisoned from 1963 to 1967 by the Burmese military government. After his release he devoted the rest of his life to Buddhism including supporting the task of translating Pali texts into English.
He was married to Khin Khin Thein and had several children (eight children), including Ye Htoon.
# Morzęcin Wielki

Morzęcin Wielki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oborniki Śląskie, within Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Cliff Curtis (baseball)

Clifton Garfield Curtis (July 3, 1881 – April 23, 1943) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. His middle name, Garfield, is assumed to derive from that of U.S. president and fellow Ohio native James A. Garfield, who was fatally shot the day before Curtis was born.
Curtis had an extensive minor league pitching career, winning 151 games in the minors between 1902 and 1918. His largest stint was with the Milwaukee Brewers. He pitched for them for six full seasons from 1904 to 1909, and in his first season won 24 games for the Brewers. His major league career lasted from 1909 to 1913, where he never had a winning season.
While pitching for the last-place Boston Doves (later known as the Rustlers, and later still as the Braves) in 1910 and 1911, Curtis set a record of 23 consecutive losses. The record was eventually broken in 1993, when New York Mets pitcher Anthony Young lost 27 consecutive games in which he had a decision.
During his lengthy losing streak, Curtis also failed to pick up a win in 28 consecutive starts, which also established a Major League record. This record was tied by Matt Keough (1978–79) and Jo-Jo Reyes (2008–2011), but to date it has not been broken.
He died from a heart attack aged 61.
# Michael Mason (swimmer)

Michael T. Mason (born March 18, 1974) is a former competition breaststroke swimmer, who was born in the United States, but represented Canada in international competition. He competed for Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, and finished in 23rd position in the men's 200-metre breaststroke.
# Bryan "Badger" Goss

Bryan Winston Goss (11 September 1940 – 5 January 2021), was an English professional motocross racer (also known as a scrambler). He competed in the Motocross World Championships between 1964 and 1969.
Goss was the top individual points scorer at the 1966 Trophée des Nations (now Motocross des Nations) held at Brands Hatch. He won both individual legs of the event, beating top riders Joël Robert, Torsten Hallman and teammate Dave Bickers. The Trophy event, won on points by Sweden, comprised two legs, each lasting 40 minutes, and was contested by five-man teams from ten countries. Goss went on to win the British Championship in 1970 as well as various other major motocross victories.

## Riding career

Goss was born in Sturminster Newton, Dorset, England. After experimenting with rolling his bicycle down local farmers' fields, Goss started racing on grass tracks at age 16 in 1957, riding a 197 cc LCS (Lew Coffin Special) until breaking a leg during a meeting in Exeter in 1958. After a one-year absence from competition, Goss returned riding a 197 cc Greeves Hawkstone provided by the factory distributor for the West Country of England, Triss Sharp. Good results secured a factory Cotton for 1960.
Goss stayed with Cotton for three years, working as a lorry driver and in a cattle-feed business during the week, also working briefly at the Cotton factory in Gloucester until he won a race on a rival DOT machine. After losing his job, Goss again rode for Cotton until securing factory machines again with Greeves for 1963 and 1964.
Living in Yetminster, Dorset, in 1964 he started his own company selling motocross bikes and accessories at Yeovil, the nearest big town just across the county boundary in Somerset.
When interviewed by Motor Cycle in 1966, Goss confirmed no-one knew the origins of the nickname 'Badger' he'd had since a youngster, but it was expected to be for life, and he had a stuffed Badger's head above the shop-counter.
During 1965 Goss rode for Cotton and a used a private Husqvarna, purchased from Jeff Smith, until 1966 when he signed for Greeves. With the regular major overhauls being carried out by his factory backers, Goss' brother Tony helped with transportation and preparation.

## After racing

Goss carried on racing but business commitments took over while importing Maico motorcycles. The business continues in Yeovil with Bryan's son at the helm, and with his young grandchildren beginning to compete in motocross competitions.