OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2015 Chang-Sat Bangkok Open

The 2015 Chang-Sat Bangkok Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bangkok, Thailand between 31 August and 6 September 2015.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| JPN | Tatsuma Ito | 93 | 1 |
| IND | Somdev Devvarman | 152 | 2 |
| JPN | Yūichi Sugita | 156 | 3 |
| BEL | Niels Desein | 177 | 4 |
| AUS | Jordan Thompson | 193 | 5 |
| TPE | Chen Ti | 194 | 6 |
| USA | Alexander Sarkissian | 207 | 7 |
| JPN | Yasutaka Uchiyama | 213 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of August 17, 2015.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Phassawit Burapharitta
* Puriwat Chatpatcharoen
* Pruchya Isaro
* Kittipong Wachiramanowong
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Oliver Anderson
* Christopher Rungkat
* Finn Tearney
* Andrew Whittington

## Champions
### Singles

* Yūichi Sugita def. Marco Trungelliti 6–4, 6–2

### Doubles

* Bai Yan / Riccardo Ghedin def. Chen Ti / Li Zhe 6–2, 7–5
# Charles Durrett

Charles "Chuck" Durrett is an American architect and author based in Nevada City, California.

## Work

With former partner, Kathryn McCamant, Durrett is credited with coining the English term "cohousing" and introducing the cohousing model to North America. Cohousing is a type of intentional community composed of small private homes with full kitchens, supplemented by extensive common facilities. A cohousing community is planned, owned and managed by the residents, groups of people who want more interaction with their neighbours. In recent years he has focused on cohousing for older persons.
Durrett and McCamant designed and developed Muir Commons, the first cohousing community in North America, and has designed or consulted on the design of over 55 cohousing communities in North America. He has also consulted on many other cohousing projects around the world.
He is a major proponent of senior cohousing, also known as elder cohousing, which are residential communities specifically designed for seniors. There are at least three senior cohousing communities in the U.S., one each in California, Colorado, and Virginia. More are in planning, according to Durrett. According to an American Association of Retired Persons representative, senior cohousing is "very interesting niche housing" that is needed as an option.
Durrett is author of The Senior Cohousing Handbook: A Community Approach to Independent Living (2009, 2nd edition), and with Kathryn McCamant, is co-author of Creating Cohousing: Building Sustainable Communities (2011) formerly titled Cohousing: A Contemporary Approach to Housing Ourselves (1988).
He is recipient or co-recipient of numerous awards from the American Institute of Architects and others for various completed projects. This includes a United Nation's World Habitat Award in 2001 for the East Lake Commons Conservation Community project in Atlanta, Georgia. A more recent award was the Vision 2020 Award of the Sierra Business Council.
Durrett has an architecture degree in 1982 from the College of Architecture and Environmental Design, of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Since 2009, he has been advocating for senior cohousing, beginning in August of that year, with a book signing tour in ten western U.S. cities.
# Adrian Klimczak

Adrian Klimczak (born 26 July 1997) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for II liga club Olimpia Grudziądz.

## Career
### ŁKS Łódź

On 19 December 2018, ŁKS Łódź announced the signing of Klimczak on a contract until 2021.

### Wieczysta Kraków

On 9 June 2022, Klimczak moved to III liga side Wieczysta Kraków on a three-year deal. He left the club by mutual consent on 1 September 2023.

### Chrobry Głogów

After spending over five months without a club, on 15 February 2024 Klimczak joined Chrobry Głogów until the end of the season, with a one-year extension option.

### Olimpia Grudziądz

On 29 August 2024, Klimczak re-joined Olimpia Grudziądz, returning to the club after a six-year absence.

## Honours

Wieczysta Kraków
* Polish Cup (Lesser Poland regionals): 2022–23
# Vladimir Fritsche

Vladimir Maksimovich Fritsche (Russian: Владимир Максимович Фриче; 27 October [O.S.] 15 October] 1870 – 4 September 1929) was a Russian and Soviet Marxist literary and art scholar, critic and academic.

## Biography

Fritsche was born into a middle-class family of German origin in Moscow. After his family's departure to Germany, he supported himself financially by giving lessons. After graduating in 1889 with a medal from a German gymnasium, he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Imperial Moscow University, where he studied first classical philology, then Western literature. He was the initiator of the creation, and then a member, of the Circle of Lovers of Western European Literature alongside Pyotr Kogan and Konstantin Balmont. After graduating from the university in 1894, Fritsche became a faculty member at the Department of General Literature. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905 and from 1905 to 1907 he was a member of the literary and lecture group of the RSDLP.
Fritsche was the founding editor of the magazine Zhurnalist in 1914, a magazine which was dedicated to analysis of mass media.
On 7 December 1917, he was appointed commissar for the protection of appanage and palace property in Moscow. In March 1918, he was Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Council of People's Commissars of the Moscow City Council.
After the Russian Civil War he was involved in educational and scientific activities. A member of the Commission of the People's Commissariat of Education the RSFSR (known as the Rothstein Commission), he became director of the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences in 1922 as well as a professor at the Moscow State University.
Fritsche was director of the Literary Department of the Institute of Red Professors, and section of literature at the Communist Academy. He was rector of the Russian Association of the Social Science Institutions (RANION) from 1927. He was first editor of the journal Literature and Marxism.
In 1929 after the Soviet state decided to take control over the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Fritsche was chosen as a candidate alongside Nikolai Lukin and Abram Deborin to become Academicians of the Academy of Sciences. Despite the pressure, all three Communist candidates failed to get elected. Considering the real threat of the dissolution of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the leadership of the Academy was forced to decide on a second ballot with the participation of newly elected academicians. As a result, on February 13, all three were elected. Fritsche also took over editorship of the literary journal Print and Revolution, a journal published by Gosizdat.
Fritsche was the responsible editor of the first two volumes of the Literary Encyclopedia. He died during the preparation of the 3rd volume but until the 9th volume his name was on the list of the editorial board.
Vladimir Fritsche is buried at the Vvedenskoye Cemetery.
# 2012 PTT Thailand Open

The 2012 PTT Thailand Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 10th edition of the Thailand Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Impact Arena in Bangkok, Thailand, from 22 September through 30 September 2012. Richard Gasquet won the singles title.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank* | Seed |
| SRB | Janko Tipsarević | 9 | 1 |
| FRA | Richard Gasquet | 14 | 2 |
| CAN | Milos Raonic | 15 | 3 |
| FRA | Gilles Simon | 20 | 4 |
| ESP | Fernando Verdasco | 23 | 5 |
| SRB | Viktor Troicki | 31 | 6 |
| FIN | Jarkko Nieminen | 39 | 7 |
| AUS | Bernard Tomic | 42 | 8 |
* Seeds are based on the rankings of September 17, 2012

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Marco Chiudinelli
* Peerakiat Siriluethaiwattana
* Danai Udomchoke
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Kevin Anderson
* Hiroki Moriya
* Yūichi Sugita
* Yang Tsung-hua

### Withdrawals

* Jérémy Chardy
* Blaž Kavčič
* Mikhail Kukushkin

### Retirements

* Yūichi Sugita (right ankle injury)

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| IND | Leander Paes | ROU | Horia Tecău | 11 | 1 |
| MEX | Santiago González | USA | Scott Lipsky | 56 | 2 |
| ESP | David Marrero | ESP | Fernando Verdasco | 58 | 3 |
| USA | Eric Butorac | AUS | Paul Hanley | 74 | 4 |
* Rankings are as of September 17, 2012

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Sanchai Ratiwatana / Sonchat Ratiwatana
* Lu Yen-hsun / Danai Udomchoke

## Finals
### Singles

Richard Gasquet defeated Gilles Simon, 6–2, 6–1

### Doubles

Lu Yen-hsun / Danai Udomchoke defeated Eric Butorac / Paul Hanley, 6–3, 6–4
# Joe Sherman

Joe Sherman may refer to:
* Joe Sherman (baseball) (1890–1987), Major League Baseball pitcher
* Joe Sherman (musician), American educator and musician
* Joe Sherman (songwriter) (1926–2017), American songwriter
* Joseph Sherman (1945–2006), Jewish Canadian poet and visual arts editor
# Parmelina cryptotiliacea

Parmelina cryptotiliacea is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was described as a new species in 2011 and is morphologically similar to Parmelina tiliacea, from which it was segregated based on genetic and subtle anatomical differences. It occurs in only a few locations in Spain, where it grows on tree trunks and on rocks in lowland areas.

## Taxonomy

Parmelina cryptotiliacea was described as a new species in 2011 by the lichenologists Ana Crespo and Jano Núñez-Zapata. The species was identified through a molecular phylogenetics study that revealed its genetic distinctiveness from Parmelina tiliacea, a widely distributed European species. The type specimen was collected in Parque Natural de Monfragüe, Spain, growing on the bark of Quercus ilex (holm oak) at an elevation of 207 metres. The specific epithet cryptotiliacea reflects its cryptic similarity to P. tiliacea.

## Description

Parmelina cryptotiliacea forms a foliose (leaf-like) thallus that is pale mineral grey to mineral grey. The lobes are irregularly branched, sublinear-elongate, and often overlap. Their margins are slightly wavy (undulate) and scalloped (crenate) but lack cilia. The upper surface is shiny and usually covered with a fine powdery coating (pruina), while the medulla is white. The lower surface is black with a brown edge and bears black, simple rhizines measuring 1–2 mm long.
The lichen reproduces vegetatively via small, cylindrical isidia, which measure 0.5–1.5 mm in length and darken at the tips. Apothecia, when present, are up to 4 mm in diameter. The spores are cylindrical, measuring 9–13 μm in length and 3–5 μm in width. The main secondary metabolites found in P. cryptotiliacea are atranorin and lecanoric acid.

## Habitat and distribution

This species is known only from Spain, where it has been recorded in four locations: Monfragüe National Park (Extremadura), El Pardo (Madrid), Puertollano, and San Quintín mine (Castilla–La Mancha). It grows on the trunks of trees such as Quercus ilex and Pistacia terebinthus, as well as on rocks, in lowland areas ranging from 250 to 700 metres above sea level. The species grows in environments with relatively low humidity and coexists with P. tiliacea at lower elevations.
# Enhanced Traffic Management System

The Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS) is a product for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) developed to monitor and react to air traffic congestion in both real time and in the future. The system is capable of issuing ground delay programs (GDPs) and ground stop programs (GSs). Ground delay programs are instituted on a particular airport or group of airports to alleviate volume or if there is severe weather.
The system works much like a hub and spoke system where an ETMS hubsite will send and receive data to and from many remote sites. The hubsites report directly to Air Traffic Control System Command Center in Warrenton, Virginia.
ETMS hubsites generate the data used by ASDI (Aircraft Situation Display to Industry).
Other organizations (e.g., the airlines, Department of Defense, NASA, and international sites) also have access to the ETMS software and/or data.
# Absolute Flash

Absolute Flash is an upcoming superhero comic book series published by DC Comics, based on the character of The Flash. The series will be written by Jeff Lemire and illustrated by Nick Robles, and is expected to begin publication on March 4, 2025, as part of DC's Absolute Universe (AU) imprint. It is the fourth title from the Absolute Universe, and the first title of the second wave of Absolute comics released in 2025.

## Premise

A young Wally West must understand and train with his powers. Unlike most interpretations of the Flash, there is no Speed Force or Flash family.

## Publication history

In July 2024, it was reported that Jeff Lemire would be writing a comic in the as of then rumored Absolute Universe. In San-Diego Comic Con, it was revealed that Jeff Lemire and Nick Robles would be the creative team for Absolute Flash, and that it would begin publication in March 2025.
Lemire chose to write Flash because of a lack of a teenage perspective from the original catalog, having a much more light tone than the rest of the Absolute Universe titles, as well as Lemire having grown with Wally and favoring him.
# Llanbadarn Fynydd

Llanbadarn Fynydd (Welsh for 'church of Padarn in the mountain') is a village and community in Radnorshire, Powys, Wales, and is 63 miles (101 km) from Cardiff and 149 miles (240 km) from London.
The community includes the villages of Llanbadarn Fynydd, Llananno and Llaithddu. In 2011 the population of Llanbadarn Fynydd was 306 with 8.8% of them able to speak Welsh.
Castell y Blaidd Medieval Settlement lies nearby as well as Coventry Round Barrow and Moel Dod Round Barrow.
The New Inn is a former 17th-century coaching inn, now a family-run pub and restaurant.
It lies on the A483 road which runs from Swansea to Chester.
# Javier Boñar

Javier Boñar Franco (born 3 June 2005) is a Spanish professional footballer currently playing as a centre-back for Atlético Madrid B.

## Club career

Born in Madrid, Boñar started his career as a midfielder with local side Club Deportivo Metropolitano, listing former Brazilian international Kaká as one of his idols growing up. After moving to Atlético de Madrid in 2013, he transitioned to a central defender, and took to his new position well - playing at a youth level higher than his peers.
For the 2022–23 season, he was promoted to Atlético's B team, making his debut in a 4–2 Segunda Federación win against Atlético Paso.

## International career

Boñar has represented Spain at youth international level.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of matches played 3 March 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Atlético Madrid B | 2022–23 | Segunda Federación | 11 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 1 | 15 | 1 |
| Atlético Madrid B | 2023–24 | Primera Federación | 20 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 35 | 1 |
Notes
* ↑ Appearances in 2023 Segunda Federación play-offs
# Kamruddin Ahmed

Kamruddin Ahmed (8 September 1912 – 6 February 1982) was a Bangladeshi diplomat, lawyer and politician.

## Early life

Ahmed was born on 8 September 1912 in Sholaghar, Sreenagar Upazila, Munshiganj District, Bengal Presidency, British India. He graduated from Barisal Zilla School in 1929 and from B. M. College in 1931. He completed his B.A. in 1934 and M.A. in 1935 from the University of Dhaka in English. He then earned his bachelor's degree in law in 1944 from the same university.

## Career

Ahmed started his career as a teacher at Armanitola Government High School in Dhaka. He was a supporter of All-India Muslim League which he left after the partition of India in 1947. In East Pakistan, he joined the Sarba-daliya Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad (All Party State Language Movement) which campaigned for Bengali language to be made a state language of Pakistan. In 1954, he joined the All Pakistan Awami Muslim League and was elected to the Central Committee of the party in 1955.
After leaving politics in 1955, he joined the Pakistan diplomatic service. He was appointed Deputy High Commissioner of Pakistan to India based in Kolkata in 1957 and left his post in 1958. He served as the Pakistani Ambassador to Myanmar during 1958–1961. In 1962, he became a lawyer. He was confined in jail by Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971.
After the independence of Bangladesh, Ahmed served as the General Secretary of Trade Union Federation. From 1976 to 1978, he was the president of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. He wrote several historical books on Bengal and Bangladesh.

## Personal life and death

Ahmed was married to Jobeda Khanam. Their son, Nizamuddin Azad, was killed in the Bangladesh Liberation war; he was a student activist involved in a Communist Party group and a member of the Mukti Bahini.
Ahmed died in Dhaka on 6 February 1982.
# Eno Essien

Eno-Obong Essien is a Nigerian technology entrepreneur and chief executive officer at Rheytrak Limited, a Vehicle Tracking and Recovery company, which she started in 2007. In 2012, she was nominated as the Future Awards Entrepreneur of the Year (Technology) and the only female CEO in the Vehicle Tracking Industry in Nigeria.

## Early life and education

Essien was born on 13 May 1982 to Nsikak and Naomi Essien. She did her Secondary School education in Chrisland Schools before proceeding to University of Calabar where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in Microbiology. She has a postgraduate diploma from the National Open University of Nigeria and alumnus of the Lagos Business School.

## Career

In 2007, Essien founded Rheytrak Limited, the first female owned vehicle tracking company in Nigeria. She is the Public Relation officer of the Association of Telematics Operations of Nigeria and a member of the governing council of the Lagos Business School Alumni Association.

## Awards and recognition

* (2012) Entrepreneur of the Year – The Future Awards.
* (2019) Ladies who inspires - Exquisite Ladies of the Year (ELOY)
* (2019) Guardian News listed Essien as one of the top 10 women who inspire of 2019.
* (2019) Technology Woman of the Year - Her Network.

## Writing

In 2024, she authored her debut book titled Unstoppable: My Journey of Resilience and Overcoming Cancer, which documents her journey towards overcoming cancer.
# Academic grading in Slovenia

Slovenia inherited the academic grading system of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. A five-point grading scale is used in primary and secondary schools:
* 5: excellent (odlično, best possible grade; usually 90%+)
* 4: very good (prav dobro, usually 80%+)
* 3: good (dobro, usually 65%+)
* 2: sufficient (zadostno, lowest passing grade; usually 50%+)
* 1: insufficient (nezadostno, lowest possible grade; failing)
Many teachers use minus and plus symbols as grade modifiers. For example, "−5" denotes a grade slightly lower than "excellent", while "+4" denotes a grade slightly higher than "very good". Half-grades such as "4/5" are also used. However, these modifiers are unofficial and do not appear in final grade reports.
In universities, a six-level grading scale is used:
* 10 – excellent (best possible grade)
* 9 – very good
* 8 – very good
* 7 – good
* 6 – sufficient (lowest passing grade)
* 5 or less (failing grades)
# Severn Stoke

Severn Stoke is an English village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District, in the south of the county of Worcestershire, alongside the A38 trunk road. It had a population of 611 in 2011.

## History

In 1996 a hoard of 18 silver Saxon pennies was found near Severn Stoke.
Severn Stoke was within the bounds of the Royal forest of Horewell during the medieval period. The woodlands were mostly removed around the time of the Civil War.
Severn Stoke War Memorial at the corner of Ham Lane and Church is a Grade II listed monument in the form of a Classical obelisk in Portland stone, unveiled in 1920. It lists 14 servicemen who died in the First World War, 82 others who served abroad, and 15 who served at home.

### Notable people

* Moses Browne, poet and devotional writer, born in 1704.
* Ralph Taylor, clergyman, nonjuror and sometime chaplain to the court of James II.

## Amenities

The village has a pub and restaurant, the Rose & Crown in Church Lane, which occupies a 15th-century half-timbered building in a garden. There is a village hall with wheelchair access in Ham Lane. The nearest shopping facilities are in Upton-upon-Severn (3 miles, 4.8 km).
The annual Croome Hunt was held around Severn Stoke and was a popular pastime for those keen to partake in fox-hunting. In 1939, members included Lord and Lady Coventry and Capt. Alan Cecil Lupton who had lived at his estate, Severn Bank, until the late 1930s. For the April 1939 event, Lord Coventry was reportedly Master of the Hunt.

## Church

The Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Denys. It forms part of the parish of Kempsey in the Diocese of Worcester.
The Grade II* listed church is built of grey rubble masonry throughout and dates mainly from the 14th and 15th centuries, but was restored in 1872 and 1890. The building consists of a nave with a south aisle and porch, a transept on the south side of the church, a tower on the north side, and a chancel. There are Romanesque carved fragments set into the chancel walls both inside and out, and reset into a niche on the N side of the nave; the niche has an arched head.

## Schools

The local primary school closed in 1986. The nearest primary schools today are at Kempsey and Upton-upon-Severn.

## Public transport

The village has occasional daytime buses to and from Worcester and Upton upon Severn on school days.
The nearest railway station is at Great Malvern (10 miles, 16 km away), with hourly services to Birmingham and to London Paddington, and two-hourly weekday services to Bristol Temple Meads. (Though Severn Stoke was never connected to the railway, a highly detailed 00 gauge model can be seen, based on what the station may have looked like if there had been one.)