# Bedford County, Pennsylvania

Bedford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,577. The county seat is Bedford. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.

## History
### 18th century

According to historians in the 1930's, "in 1750, Robert MacRay, a Scots-Irish immigrant, opened the first trading post in Raystown (which is now Bedford) on the land that is now Bedford County." This information has since been proven incorrect.
John Wray, the trader, established his trading post about two miles east of the site of Fort Bedford around 1740. The trading post, consisting of two or three buildings surrounded by a fence, was called a 'town'. The word 'town' was derived from the Old English 'Tun', which itself was derived from the Old German 'Zaun' meaning a fence or wall. John Wray was not Robert MacRay. The historian John H. P. Adams misread the Act erecting Bedford County out of Cumberland County, on which it was noted that Robert MacRay was one of the four men chosen to 'walk the boundary' and confirm the new county's boundary line. The name 'MacRay' is not a patrynomic of the name 'Wray' meaning that the two are distinct family names and not associated. John H. P. Adams' mistake has been perpetuated, unfortunately.
It should also be noted that the claim has been made that the village of Bedford was originally the village of Raystown. That is incorrect. When Henry Bouquet brought the British Army of General John Forbes into the region, there existed no village on the bluff overlooking the Juniata River, about two miles west of John Wray's trading post.
The early Anglo-American settlers had a difficult time dealing with raids from Native Americans. Native Americans became allied with the French in the North American theater of the war, known as the French and Indian War, of the Seven Years' War between those nations in Europe. The trading post of John Wray gave its name to the encampment made by the British Army under General john Forbes, but led in the field by Colonel Henry Bouquet. While Bouquet was having the fort constructed on the bluff overlooking the branch of the Juniata River, it was unnamed and Bouquet wrote all of his letters with some variations as from "camp near Raystown". The fort, has erroneously been said to have been named "Fort Raystown" but it was not named anything until it was named "Fort Bedford" prior to December 1758.
In 1759, after the capture of Fort Duquesne in Allegheny County, on the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, English colonists built a road between the fort (which was renamed as Fort Pitt) to the newly built Fort Bedford in Raystown. The English defeated the French in the war and took over their territories in North America east of the Mississippi River. Treaties with the Indians opened more land for future peaceful settlement.
This road followed and improved on ancient Indian trails. In later years it was widened and paved as "Forbes Road"; it is now Route 30. When the Pennsylvania Turnpike was built, this interstate toll road became the main highway through Bedford County.
Bedford County was created on March 9, 1771, from part of Cumberland County and named in honor of Fort Bedford. The 1767 Mason–Dixon line had stabilized the southern border with Maryland. In the aftermath of the American Revolution, the population increased largely due to emigration. Within a lifetime Old Bedford County was greatly reduced from its original boundaries. Huntingdon County was created on September 20, 1787, mainly from the north part of Bedford County, plus an addition of territory on the east (Big Valley, Tuscarora Valley) from Cumberland County. Somerset County was created from part of Bedford County on April 17, 1795. Centre was created on February 13, 1800, from parts of Huntingdon, Lycoming, Mifflin, and Northumberland counties. Cambria County was created on March 26, 1804, from parts of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset Counties. Blair County was created on February 26, 1846, from parts of Huntingdon and Bedford Counties. Finally Fulton County was created on April 19, 1850, from part of Bedford County, setting the county at its current boundaries.
The land was developed into lush farms with woodlands. It was developed as a trading center on the way to Pittsburgh and farther west of Pennsylvania. In 1794, President George Washington came to the county in response to the Whiskey Rebellion.

### 19th century

In the late 19th century, the Bedford Springs Hotel became an important site for wealthy vacationers. It was built near natural springs that had been important to the Native Americans for hundreds of years. During the administration of President James Buchanan, he moved much of his administration to the hotel, which became the informal summer White House. The U.S. Supreme Court met at the hotel once. It was the only time that the high court met outside of the capital.
During the late 19th century, the county had a population boom, with the number of people doubling between 1870 and 1890. Railroads constructed through the town connected the county with the mining industry. The story of the Lost Children of the Alleghenies originates from Blue Knob State Park in the county.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,017 square miles (2,630 km$^2$), of which 1,012 square miles (2,620 km$^2$) is land and 4.6 square miles (12 km$^2$) (0.5%) is water. It has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) and average monthly temperatures in Bedford borough range from 28.1 °F in January to 72.0 °F in July. Bedford County is one of the 423 counties served by the Appalachian Regional Commission, and it is identified as part of "Greater Appalachia" by Colin Woodard in his book American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America.

### Features

* Evitts Mountain
* Morrison Cove
* Tussey Mountain
* Blue Knob, highest mountain in the county at approximately 3,120 feet (950 m)

### Adjacent counties

* Blair County (north)
* Huntingdon County (northeast)
* Fulton County (east)
* Allegany County, Maryland (south)
* Somerset County (west)
* Cambria County (northwest)

## Geology

Bedford County is situated along the western border of the Ridge and Valley physiographic province, which is characterized by folded and faulted sedimentary rocks of early to middle Paleozoic age. The northwestern border of the county is approximately at the Allegheny Front, a geological boundary between the Ridge and Valley Province and the Allegheny Plateau (characterized by relatively flat-lying sedimentary rocks of late Paleozoic age).
The stratigraphic record of sedimentary rocks within the county spans from the Cambrian Warrior Formation to the Pennsylvanian Conemaugh Group (in the Broad Top area). No igneous or metamorphic rocks of any kind exist within the county.
The primary mountains within the county (From west to east: Wills, Evitts, Dunning, and Tussey mountains) extend from the southern border with Maryland to the northeast into Blair County, and are held up by the Silurian Tuscarora Formation, made of quartz sandstone and conglomerate. Chestnut Ridge is a broad anticline held up by the Devonian Ridgeley Member of the Old Port Formation, also made of sandstone and conglomerate. Broad Top, located north of Breezewood, is a plateau of relatively flat-lying rocks that are stratigraphically higher, and thus younger (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian), than most of the other rocks within the county (Cambrian through Devonian). Broad Top extends into Huntingdon County to the north and Fulton County to the east.
The Raystown Branch of the Juniata River is the main drainage in the northern two-thirds of the county. The river flows to the east through the mountains within the county through several water gaps caused by a group of faults trending east–west through the central part of the county. The river then turns north and flows into Raystown Lake in Huntingdon County. The southern third of the county is drained by several tributaries of the Potomac River. Both the Potomac and Juniata rivers are part of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Several limestone quarries exist in Bedford County, most of which are owned and operated by New Enterprise Stone and Lime Company. Quarry locations include Ashcom, New Paris, Kilcoin, and Sproul.
Two coal fields exist within Bedford County. One is the Broad Top Field in the northeastern corner of the county, and the other is the Georges Creek Field along the southwestern border. Both fields contain bituminous coal. There are abandoned mines in both areas and acid mine drainage is an environmental problem in the Broad Top area, where several fishless streams exist as a result of the discharge from the abandoned mines.
Natural gas fields and storage areas exist in southeastern Bedford County, primarily within folded Devonian rocks south of Breezewood. Another deep gas field exists in the vicinity of Blue Knob on the border with Blair County to the north.

## Law and government
### County commissioners

* Mike Stiles, Chairman, Republican
* JR Winck, Vice Chairman, Republican
* Deb Baughman, Secretary, Democratic

### Row Offices

* Ashlan Clark, District Attorney Republican
* Wayne Emerick, Jr., Sheriff Republican
* Melissa Cottle, Treasurer, Republican
* Sheri Lowery, Prothonotary & Clerk of Courts, Republican
* Russell Styer, Coroner, Republican
* Alyssa Miller, Register of Wills & Recorder of Deeds (Acting), Republican
* Carol Miller, Auditor, Republican
* Mary Rowzer, Auditor, Republican
* Robert Rolland, Auditor, Democratic

### State senate

* Pat Stefano, Republican, Pennsylvania's 35th Senatorial District

### State House of Representatives

* Jesse Topper, Republican, Pennsylvania's 78th Representative District

### United States House of Representatives

* John Joyce, Republican, Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district

### United States Senate

* John Fetterman, Democrat
* Dave McCormick, Republican

### Politics

Bedford County is overwhelmingly Republican, with that party winning the vote of nearly all presidential elections, recently by great margins. In 2016, 2020, and 2024, it was Donald Trump’s second strongest county in Pennsylvania, only after neighboring Fulton County. The last time it voted for a Democrat in any election was in Bob Casey Jr.'s 2004 State Treasurer landslide.
United States presidential election results for Bedford County, Pennsylvania :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 23,658 | 83.84% | 4,336 | 15.37% | 224 | 0.79% |
| 2020 | 23,025 | 83.39% | 4,367 | 15.82% | 218 | 0.79% |
| 2016 | 19,552 | 82.59% | 3,645 | 15.40% | 478 | 2.02% |
| 2012 | 16,702 | 76.79% | 4,788 | 22.01% | 260 | 1.20% |
| 2008 | 16,124 | 71.51% | 6,059 | 26.87% | 365 | 1.62% |
| 2004 | 16,606 | 73.22% | 6,016 | 26.53% | 57 | 0.25% |
| 2000 | 13,598 | 69.97% | 5,474 | 28.17% | 363 | 1.87% |
| 1996 | 10,064 | 55.52% | 5,954 | 32.85% | 2,109 | 11.63% |
| 1992 | 9,216 | 48.98% | 5,840 | 31.04% | 3,761 | 19.99% |
| 1988 | 11,123 | 65.55% | 5,754 | 33.91% | 92 | 0.54% |
| 1984 | 13,085 | 70.57% | 5,424 | 29.25% | 34 | 0.18% |
| 1980 | 10,930 | 66.57% | 4,950 | 30.15% | 539 | 3.28% |
| 1976 | 9,355 | 57.97% | 6,652 | 41.22% | 131 | 0.81% |
| 1972 | 11,243 | 73.30% | 3,836 | 25.01% | 259 | 1.69% |
| 1968 | 10,482 | 63.46% | 4,725 | 28.61% | 1,311 | 7.94% |
| 1964 | 7,968 | 46.47% | 9,165 | 53.45% | 14 | 0.08% |
| 1960 | 12,542 | 67.42% | 6,030 | 32.41% | 32 | 0.17% |
| 1956 | 11,423 | 65.37% | 6,038 | 34.55% | 13 | 0.07% |
| 1952 | 9,419 | 63.93% | 5,255 | 35.67% | 60 | 0.41% |
| 1948 | 6,028 | 61.02% | 3,851 | 38.98% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1944 | 8,703 | 62.40% | 5,175 | 37.11% | 68 | 0.49% |
| 1940 | 8,864 | 54.38% | 7,388 | 45.32% | 49 | 0.30% |
| 1936 | 9,014 | 49.58% | 8,937 | 49.16% | 230 | 1.27% |
| 1932 | 6,597 | 54.29% | 5,075 | 41.76% | 480 | 3.95% |
| 1928 | 9,602 | 81.60% | 1,966 | 16.71% | 199 | 1.69% |
| 1924 | 6,154 | 61.72% | 2,315 | 23.22% | 1,502 | 15.06% |
| 1920 | 5,800 | 61.67% | 2,594 | 27.58% | 1,011 | 10.75% |
| 1916 | 3,729 | 50.79% | 3,263 | 44.44% | 350 | 4.77% |
| 1912 | 1,140 | 15.52% | 2,694 | 36.68% | 3,510 | 47.79% |
| 1908 | 4,784 | 57.03% | 3,196 | 38.10% | 408 | 4.86% |
| 1904 | 5,364 | 61.16% | 3,042 | 34.68% | 365 | 4.16% |
| 1900 | 4,790 | 57.24% | 3,445 | 41.17% | 133 | 1.59% |
| 1896 | 4,983 | 57.17% | 3,605 | 41.36% | 128 | 1.47% |
| 1892 | 4,301 | 53.08% | 3,684 | 45.46% | 118 | 1.46% |
| 1888 | 4,287 | 52.19% | 3,822 | 46.52% | 106 | 1.29% |
As of July 17, 2023, there were 32,287 registered voters in Bedford County.
* Republican: 23,490 (72.75%)
* Democratic: 5,851 (18.12%)
* No Party Affiliation: 1,988 (6.16%)
* Other: 958 (2.97%)
Chart of Voter Registration

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 49,762 people, 20,233 households, and 14,251 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 people per square mile (19 people/km$^2$). There were 23,954 housing units at an average density of 23 per square mile (8.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 98.0% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. 0.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 20,233 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.9 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

### 2020 census

Bedford County Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (NH) | 45,381 | 95.4% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 181 | 0.4% |
| Native American (NH) | 66 | 0.14% |
| Asian (NH) | 153 | 0.32% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 0 | 0% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 1,277 | 2.7% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 519 | 1.1% |

## Education
### Public school districts

* Bedford Area School District
* Chestnut Ridge School District
* Claysburg-Kimmel School District (also in Blair County)
* Everett Area School District
* Northern Bedford County School District
* Tussey Mountain School District (also in Huntingdon County)

### Public charter schools

* HOPE for Hyndman Charter School, Hyndman
Pennsylvania resident students may also attend any of the Commonwealth's 13 public cyber charter schools which provide instruction via computers and the Internet.

### Public vo-tech school

Bedford County Technical Center

### Private schools

* Allegheny Valley Christian School, Schellsburg
* Christian Light School, Bedford
* Dry Hill Parochial School, Woodbury
* Friends Cove Mennonite School, Bedford
* Global Power Line Academy, Claysburg
* Golden Rule School, Martinsburg
* Learning Lamp at Everett, Everett
* Little Learning Lamp
* Lone Oak Mennonite School, New Enterprise
* Noahs Ark Kindergarten, New Park
* Snake Spring Valley Christian Academy, Inc, Everett
* South Cove Parochial School, New Enterprise
* Saint Thomas School, Bedford, Pennsylvania, Bedford
* Sunny Slope School, Woodbury
* Woodbury Mennonite School, Woodbury

### Colleges or university

* Allegany College of Maryland campus in Everett
As reported in ED Names and Places directory maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Education August 2015

## Transportation
### Major highways

* I-70 / I-76 / Penna Turnpike
* I-99
* US 30
* US 30 Bus.
* US 220
* US 220 Bus.
* PA 26
* PA 31
* PA 36
* PA 56
* PA 96
* PA 164
* PA 326
* PA 671
* PA 866
* PA 867
* PA 868
* PA 869
* PA 913
* PA 915

### Airports

Bedford County Airport is a public use airport in Bedford County. It is owned by the Bedford County Airport Authority and is located four nautical miles (7.4 km) north of the central business district of the borough of Bedford, Pennsylvania.

## Recreation

There are three Pennsylvania state parks in Bedford County:
* Blue Knob State Park, site of the Blue Knob All Seasons Resort
* Shawnee State Park
* Warriors Path State Park
The largest borough-owned park in the county is a 77-acre community park in Everett, open to the public and available for events. Mid State Trail and Great Eastern Trail pass through Everett and Tenley Park.
* Tenley Park

## Communities

Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in only one case (Bloomsburg, Columbia County), towns. The following boroughs and townships are located in Bedford County:

### Boroughs

* Bedford (county seat)
* Coaldale
* Everett
* Hopewell
* Hyndman
* Manns Choice
* New Paris
* Pleasantville
* Rainsburg
* St. Clairsville
* Saxton
* Schellsburg
* Woodbury

### Townships

* Bedford
* Bloomfield
* Broad Top
* Colerain
* Cumberland Valley
* East Providence
* East St. Clair
* Harrison
* Hopewell
* Juniata
* Kimmel
* King
* Liberty
* Lincoln
* Londonderry
* Mann
* Monroe
* Napier
* Pavia
* Snake Spring
* South Woodbury
* Southampton
* West Providence
* West St. Clair
* Woodbury

### Census-designated places

* Defiance
* Earlston
* Stonerstown

### Other communities

* Alumbank

### Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Bedford County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Population (2010 Census) | Municipal type | Incorporated |
| 1 | † Bedford | 2,841 | Borough | 1795 |
| 2 | Everett | 1,834 | Borough | 1860 |
| 3 | Earlston | 1,122 | CDP | |
| 4 | Hyndman | 910 | Borough | 1877 |
| 5 | Saxton | 736 | Borough | 1867 |
| 6 | Stonerstown | 376 | CDP | |
| 7 | Schellsburg | 338 | Borough | 1838 |
| 8 | Manns Choice | 300 | Borough | 1886 |
| 9 | Woodbury | 284 | Borough | 1868 |
| 10 | Defiance | 239 | CDP | |
| 11 | Hopewell | 230 | Borough | 1895 |
| 12 | Pleasantville | 198 | Borough | 1871 |
| 13 | New Paris | 186 | Borough | 1882 |
| 14 | Coaldale | 161 | Borough | 1865 |
| 15 | Rainsburg | 133 | Borough | 1856 |
| 16 | St. Clairsville | 78 | Borough | 1867 |