# Ironwood

Ironwood is a common name for many woods that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is denser than water (approximately 1000 kg/m$^3$, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.

## Some of the species with their common name

* Acacia aulacocarpa (Brush ironwood)
* Acacia estrophiolata (Southern ironwood), central Australia
* Acacia excelsa (Ironwood)
* Acacia melanoxylon (Ironwood)
* Acacia stenophylla (Ironwood), Australia
* Aegiphila martinicensis (Ironwood)
* Afzelia africana (Ironwood)
* Androstachys johnsonii (Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa and Madagascar
* Allagoptera caudescens, Borassus flabellifer, Caryota urens, Iriartea deltoidea Black Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood)
* Argania spinosa (Morocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood)
* Astronium fraxinifolium, Astronium urundeuva (Ironwood)
* Backhousia bancroftii (Bancroft's ironwood)
* Backhousia citriodora (Lemon ironwood), northeastern Australia
* Backhousia myrtifolia (Carrol ironwood, Ironwood)
* (Backhousia subargentea Syn.: Choricarpia subargentea) (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia
* Bridelia micrantha (Benin or Yoruba ironwood), Bridelia atroviridis (Yoruba ironwood)
* Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam (Ironwood, Blue-beech ironwood, Smooth-barked ironwood), eastern North America
* Casuarinaceae, She-oaks in general, Southeast Asia (Australian ironwood)
** Allocasuarina spp.; Allocasuarina luehmannii, Allocasuarina torulosa, Allocasuarina inophloia (Ironwood), Allocasuarina verticillata (Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood)
** Casuarina cunninghamiana (Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood)
** Casuarina equisetifolia Toa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native from Burma south to Australia
** Casuarina cristata (Ironwood)
** Casuarina glauca (Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood)
** Casuarina stricta (Highland ironwood, Fodder ironwood)
** Casuarina junghuhniana (Mountain Ironwood)
* (Cenostigma pluviosum Syn.: Caesalpinia pluviosa) (Bolivian ironwood)
* Cercocarpus spp. (Ironwood), Cercocarpus betuloides (Mountain ironwood)
* Chionanthus battiscombei (Water pock ironwood, Small-fruited ironwood, Water Ornate-leaf(ved) ironwood)
* Chionanthus caymanensis (Ironwood, Cayman ironwood)
* Chioanthus compactus (White ironwood)
* Chionanthus panamensis, Chionanthus ligustrinus (Pine ridge ironwood)
* Chionanthus peglerae (Bastard black ironwood or Giant pock ironwood and Pegler's bastard ironwood, Large-leaved ironwood)
* (Citharexylum flexuosum Syn.: Citharexylum spinosum) (White ironwood)
* Cliftonia monophylla (Ironwood)
* Coccoloba pubescens (Broad-leaved ironwood)
* Colophospermum mopane (Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood)
* Colubrina elliptica (Ironwood, Martinique ironwood), Colubrina arborescens (West Indian ironwood)
* Combretum imberbe (Ironwood)
* Cordia subcordata (Ironwood)
* Cossinia pinnata (Judas ironwood)
* Cryptocarya lauriflora (Borneo ironwood), Cryptocarya ferrea (Java ironwood)
* Cynometra alexandri (Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa
* Cyrilla racemiflora (Ironwood, Swamp ironwood)
* Dalbergia melanoxylon (African ironwood)
* Dialium guianense (Ironwood)
* Diploglottis australis Syn.: Diploglottis cunninghamii) (Australian, New Holland ironwood)
* Distylium racemosum (Japanese ironwood)
* Drypetes gerrardii (Bastard white ironwood, Forest ironwood)
* Erythrophleum chlorostachys Steelwood (Cooktown ironwood, Red or Northern ironwood, Leguminous ironwood, Poisonous ironwood), native to northern Australia
* Erythroxylum areolatum (Cartagena ironwood, Jamaica ironwood)
* Eucalyptus spp. (Australian ironwood)
* Eugenia confusa (Red berry ironwood, Tropical ironwood)
* Eusideroxylon zwageri (Borneo ironwood, Chinese ironwood, Real or True ironwood), southeast Asia
* Exostema caribaeum (Bastard ironwood)
* Exothea paniculata (Ironwood)
* Fagraea fragrans (Sumatra or Java ironwood)
* Fagara lentiscifolia (Bastard ironwood)
* Forestiera pubescens (Ironwood)
* Forestiera pubescens var. parvifolia (New Mexican ironwood)
* Genipa americana (Brazilian ironwood)
* Gordonia haematoxylon (Ironwood)
* Gossia bidwillii (Smooth-barked ironwood, Scrub ironwood), Gossia acmenoides (Scrub ironwood), Gossia dulcis (Ironwood), Gossia floribunda (Cape ironwood), Gossia myrsinocarpa (Malanada ironwood)
* Gymnanthes lucida (Narrow-leaf ironwood)
* (Gymnostoma nodiflorum Syn.: Casuarina nodiflora ) (Knot-flowered ironwood)
* (Gymnostoma papuanum Syn.: Casuarina papuana) (Papuan ironwood)
* (Gymnostoma sumatranum Syn.: Casuarina sumatrana) (Ironwood)
* Handroanthus spp. formerly Tabebuia spp.; Handroanthus heptaphyllus, Handroanthus serratifolius etc., Ipê, Brazilian walnut, Lapacho, Yellow poui (Ironwood)
* Heritiera trifoliolata Black stavewood, Heritiera actinophylla Stavewood (Ironwood)
* Holodiscus discolor Oceanspray (Ironwood), western North America
* Homalium dentatum, Homalium letestui (Brown ironwood), Homalium rufescens (Small-leaved brown ironwood), Homalium abdessammadii (Zambezi brown ironwood)
* Hopea odorata, Hopea parviflora (Malabar, Ceylon ironwood)
* Hypelate trifoliata (White ironwood)
* Ilex mitis (Lance-leaved ironwood, Smooth or Mild, Unarmed ironwood)
* Inhambanella henriquesii (Rock, Water or Small ironwood)
* Intsia bijuga, Intsia palembanica (Moluccan, Madagascar ironwood)
* Ixora ferrea (Ironwood, West Indian ironwood, Martinique ironwood, Red ironwood, Three-flowered ironwood)
* Jacquinia keyensis (Ironwood)
* Krugiodendron ferreum (Black ironwood, Caribbean or Guadeloupe ironwood), Caribbean
* (Libidibia ferrea Syn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea) (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil
* Lignum vitae; Guaiacum officinale, Guaiacum sanctum and Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, Verawood Bulnesia arborea also als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae and Bulnesia sarmientoi (Ironwood)
* Lophira alata (West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa
* Lophira lanceolata ((Dwarf) Red ironwood)
* Lyonothamnus floribundus (Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in the rose family, Channel Islands of California
* Manilkara hexandra (Ceylon ironwood)
* Manilkara kauki (Moluccan ironwood)
* Mesua ferrea (Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia
* Metrosideros spp. all Species (Ironwood), Metrosideros umbellata (New Zealand Ironwood), Metrosideros kermadecensis (Real or True ironwood)
* Millettia grandis (Kafir ironwood)
* Minquartia guianensis (Ironwood)
* Mouriri myrtilloides (Small-leaved ironwood)
* Myoporum obscurum (Bastard ironwood)
* Myracrodruon urundeuva (Ironwood)
* Nestegis apetala (Bastard ironwood), New Zealand and Norfolk Island
* Notelaea ligustrina (Tasmanian ironwood, New-South-Wales ironwood)
* Notelaea longifolia (Norfolk-Island ironwood)
* (Noronhia foveolata Syn.: Chionanthus foveolatus) (Pock ironwood, Bastard ironwood or Cape pock ironwood, Bastard, Forest pock ironwood, Ornate-leaf(ved), Fine-leaved ironwood) native to southern Africa
* Ochna holstii (Red ironwood)
* Oldfieldia africana (West African ironwood)
* Olea capensis (Bastard Black, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood), Africa
* Olea woodiana (Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa
* Olinia ventosa (Sproutful ironwood)
* Olneya tesota (desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora ironwood, Mexican ironwood)
* Ostrya knowltonii Knowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood)
* Ostrya virginiana Hophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood)
* Palicourea cardiomorpha subsp. cardiomorpha (Panicled-flowered ironwood)
* Parrotia persica (Persian ironwood, Transcaucasian ironwood)
* Parrotia subaequalis (Chinese ironwood)
* Paubrasilia echinata (Ironwood)
* Peltophorum rufum (Cochinchina ironwood)
* Pemphis acidula (Maldivian ironwood)
* Picrodendron baccatum (Black ironwood)
* Planchonella costata (Bastard ironwood)
* Planchonella obovata (Silvery ironwood, Obovate ironwood)
* Prosopis juliflora, Prosopis glandulosa (Texas ironwood), Prosopis kuntzei, Prosopis africana (Ironwood) Mesquite
* Prunus africana (Ironwood)
* Quebracho Schinopsis spp.; Schinopsis brasiliensis, Schinopsis balansae, Schinopsis lorentzii and Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (Ironwood)
* Rapanea melanophloeos (Laurel-leaved ironwood)
* Rauvolfia sandwicensis (Hawaiian ironwood)
* Reynosia septentrionalis, Reynosa latifolia (Red ironwood)
* Rhodamnia acuminata (Cooloola ironwood)
* Rhodomyrtus trineura var. canescens (Crater ironwood), Rhodomyrtus pervagata (Rusty ironwood)
* Rothmannia capensis (Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood)
* Schleichera oleosa (Ironwood)
* Senegalia intsia (Indian ironwood)
* Senegalia muricata (Ironwood)
* Senegalia tenuifolia (Antillean ironwood)
* Senna siamea (Indonesian or Indian ironwood)
* Sideroxylon spp. (Ironwood);
** Sideroxylon inerme (Smooth or White ironwood, Broad-leaved, Unarmed ironwood, Cape or East African ironwood)
** Sideroxylon lanuginosum or Gum bully (Ironwood)
** Sideroxylon lycioides (American ironwood, Canada thorny ironwood, Willow-leaved, Boxthorn-leaved ironwood, Ten-threaded, Decandrous ironwood, Bumelia ironwood)
** Sideroxylon tenax (Silky(-leaved) ironwood, Silvery-leaved ironwood)
** Sideroxylon celastrinum (Ironwood)
** Sideroxylon cinereum (White ironwood, Bourbon or Mauritius ironwood)
** Sideroxylon foetidissimum (Opposite-leaved ironwood)
** Sideroxylon lanuginosum (Woolly-leaved ironwood)
** Sideroxylon reclinatum (Reclined ironwood)
* Sloanea dentata (Black ironwood, Broad-leaf ironwood)
* Sloanea jamaicensis, Sloanea sinemariensis (Ironwood)
* Stadmania spp. (Ironwood, Bois de fer, Mauritius ironwood), Stadmania oppositifolia (Bourbon ironwood)
* Swartzia spp.; Swartzia tomentosa (Cayenne ironwood), Swartzia bannia, Swartzia bidentata, Swartzia leiocalycina, Swartzia ingifolia, Swartzia grandifolia, Swartzia panacoco (Guiana ironwood) etc. (Ironwood, South American ironwood, Suriname ironwood)
* Terminalia canescens (Ironwood)
* Tetragastris balsamifera (West Indian ironwood)
* Thouinia striata (Ironwood, Quebracho)
* Trichilia hirta (Bastard ironwood)
* Tristaniopsis laurina (Canungra ironwood)
* Vachellia farnesiana (Ironwood)
* Vepris lanceolata (White ironwood), Vepris reflexa (Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood), Vepris undulata (White ironwood), Vepris carringtoniana (Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood), Vepris zambesiaca (Rare white ironwood), Vepris termitaria (Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa
* Xanthostemon species collectively known as "Philippine ironwood", all endemic to the Philippines
   * Xanthostemon bracteatus (Mapilig)
   * Xanthostemon fruticosus (Sierra Madre mangkono)
   * Xanthostemon philippinensis (Bagoadlau)
   * Xanthostemon verdugonianus (Mangkono)
   * Xanthostemon speciosus (Palawan mangkono)
* Xanthostemon verus (Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood)
* Xantolis tomentosa (Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood)
* Xylia xylocarpa (Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood)
* Zanthoxylum fagara (Bastard, False ironwood, Yellow ironwood, Jamaica, Brazilian ironwood, Intended-leaved American ironwood)
* Zanthoxylum piperitum (Crenated-leaved ironwood)
* Zanthoxylum tragodes (Prickly-leaved American ironwood)
* Zapoteca tetragona (Antillean ironwood)

## Plants named ironwood

* Acacia estrophiolata
* Acacia stenophylla flowers
* Carpinus caroliniana leaves
* Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. incana
* Chionanthus foveolatus leaves
* Eusideroxylon zwageri leaves
* Holodiscus discolor flowers
* Libidibia ferrea
* Lyonothamnus floribundus
* Mesua ferrea
* Nestegis apetala
* Olea capensis
* Olea woodiana