OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ministry of Education (Sri Lanka)

The Ministry of Education (Sinhala: අධ්‍යාපන අමාත්‍යාංශය; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Sri Lanka that directs the formulation and implementation of policies related to primary, secondary, and tertiary education in Sri Lanka. Currently, Sri Lanka allocates less than 2% of its GDP on education, which falls well below the international benchmark of 4-6%, making it one of lowest in the region, UNICEF emphasised until 2025. In the 2025 Budget, Sri Lanka has made a historic investment in education, allocating substantial funds to enhance various aspects of the sector. A significant portion of the budget focuses on early childhood education, with Rs. 80 million designated for the development of selected Early Childhood Development Centers. Additionally, the meal allowance for preschool children has been increased from Rs. 60 to Rs. 100 per meal, supported by an allocation of Rs. 1,000 million to improve their nutritional intake. Recognizing the dedication of preschool teachers, the government has proposed a Rs. 1,000 increase in their existing allowance, amounting to a total allocation of Rs. 100 million.
In a bid to promote higher education opportunities, Rs. 200 million has been allocated to initiate a program that enables talented students to pursue studies at top-ranked international universities. The government also plans to enhance library facilities, with Rs. 100 million designated for the development of libraries in Jaffna and other regions. Additionally, Rs. 500 million has been proposed to develop specialized sports schools in five provinces, aiming to nurture athletic talent and provide better training facilities.

## Departments within the Ministry of Education

* Department of Examinations
* Educational Publications Department

## Universities administered

* Advanced Technological Institute
* Bhiksu University of Sri Lanka
* Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka

## List of ministers

* List of ministers of education
# Ai Jiang

Ai Jiang is a Canadian writer of speculative fiction and poetry. Active since 2021, she was a finalist for the Nebula Award for Best Short Story for her 2022 story, "Give Me English", and in 2023, she won the Ignyte Award for her poem, "We Smoke Pollution". Her long-form writing career began in 2023 with the release of Linghun, published by Dark Matter INK.

## Biography

Ai Jiang was born in Fujian, China, emigrating to Canada with her parents when she was four years old. She can speak Mandarin, though she cannot read or write the language.
Jiang attended University of Toronto as well as Humber School and the Gotham Writers' Workshop. She received a Creative Writing master's from the University of Edinburgh, completed in 2022. Jiang is married, and she has made writing her full-time career. Her hobbies include badminton and managing her Instagram foodie account.

## Writing career

Jiang began writing on Wattpad early in high school, influenced by fantastical romances. She later focused on dark fantasy, science fiction, and horror, her current specialties, inspired by movies such as Shutter Island, Us, Parasite, and Get Out, as well as the literary works of Ursula K. Le Guin, Shirley Jackson, Kazuo Ishiguro, and Toni Morrison. In particular, she absorbed their works' focus on atmospheric, character-driven as opposed to fast-paced, plot-driven works. The majority of Jiang's characters are Asian diasporas, though this is more a function of Jiang's background than a conscious authorial decision. Similarly, Jiang's writing features many female characters, exploring political and social issues in her writing. Jiang uses speculative fiction to explore the persistence of current injustices into the future, should they be allowed to continue.
Her work has appeared in a wide variety of speculative venues including Interzone, Uncanny Magazine, The Dark Magazine, Pseudopod, Radon Journal,The Deadlands, Dark Matter, and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, in which her Nebula Award nominated story, "Give Me English", appeared in 2022, the same year she was the recipient of the Odyssey Workshop’s 2022 Fresh Voices Scholarship. In addition to short fiction and nonfiction, Jiang also has published poetry. When she writes science fiction, it tends toward the "softer", less technical side.
Jiang's first long-form work, the novella Linghun (Dark Matter INK), was published April 2023. Other projects slated for release include a collection of Jiang's short stories, Ai Jiang’s Smol Tales from Between Worlds (Spring 2023), the novelette, "I AM AI" (June 2023), and a novel-length expansion of "Give Me English". A full member of the SFWA and the HWA.
# Val Doonican Rocks, But Gently

Val Doonican Rocks, But Gently was the only number one in the UK Albums Chart for the Irish singer, Val Doonican. It spent three weeks at the top of that chart between 31 December 1967 and 20 January 1968, displacing The Beatles album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which had been in that spot for many weeks. The idea for the album came from the popular closing sequence of Doonican's TV show, in which he sang a song while seated in a rocking chair. It is one of the very few Number 1 albums never to have had an official CD release.
There was a problem with the distribution of the album in Ireland as Pye failed to get the quantities required of the LP as precautions at Dublin Airport due to a foot-and-mouth outbreak in Britain resulted in a backlog of records to be disinfected and BEA and Aer Lingus refused to accept further supplies.
# Alex Grove

Alex Grove (born 30 November 1987) is a former Scottish rugby union player.
He plays as a centre. Grove previously played for Scotland at under-18, under-19, and under-20 level. He was also part of Scotland A's victorious IRB Nations Cup team in 2009, he received his first call-up to the full Scotland squad for the November internationals. An injury to Ben Cairns ensured that he started the first two games, which were wins over Fiji and Australia.
He attended Arnold Lodge School and Rugby School and was vice captain of the Rugby first XV.
His grandfather is Glasgow-born Ron Wylie, the former Aston Villa and Birmingham City footballer who also managed West Bromwich Albion, through which Alex qualifies for Scotland.
He signed for Edinburgh on a six-month loan from Worcester for first half of the 2010–11 season in a view to increase his chances of World Cup selection while Worcester were playing in the RFU Championship following relegation the previous season.
Grove returned to Sixways at the start of 2011 and, after clocking up his 50th appearance for Warriors, helped the club achieve its promotion aspirations back to the Aviva Premiership.
Grove once again cemented his place in the Warriors team the following season and made the joint second-most appearances alongside Andy Goode with 26.
He finished the season with three tries, including a crucial one in the 19–9 home victory over Newcastle Falcons, who were eventually relegated and securing the Worcester Warriors participation in the Aviva Premiership for the 2012–13 season.
On 11 July 2016, it was announced at Moseley Rugby FC's Club Forum that Alex had signed from Worcester for the 2016/2017 season, and the news was announced on Moseley's Official Twitter account shortly afterwards.
He is now a Rugby Coach at Solihull School
# Claude Le Tohic

Claude Le Tohic is a French chef and restaurateur who earned a three Michelin star rating in Las Vegas for his work at Joël Robuchon, in the MGM Grand Hotel. In 2023, Le Tohic led Team USA to win the award of World Champion at the International Catering Cup (ICC) competition. In 2021, Le Tohic received a Michelin Star for his work at O' by Claude Le Tohic, in Union Square, San Francisco. In 2010, he was named Best Chef: Southwest by the James Beard Foundation. In 2004, Le Tohic received the peer-juried Meilleur Ouvrier de France honor. He is the Chef/Partner behind ONE65, a six-story multi-concept culinary destination in San Francisco's Union Square, which includes ONE65 Patisserie & Boutique, Alexander's Steakhouse, Elements at ONE65 (a bar and lounge) and O’ by Claude Le Tohic.

## Early life and education

Claude Le Tohic was born and raised in Brittany, France. He learned to cook and run a restaurant while very young, by working at his family's crêperie. After graduating from high-school, Le Tohic pursued cooking by attending culinary school in Vannes, France. Upon graduation, he accepted an apprenticeship at Les Hortensias, a one Michelin star restaurant in Paris.

## Culinary Background

Le Tohic began his career at the kitchen of Ghislaine Arabian’s Le Restaurant, a two Michelin star rated restaurant in Lille, France. In 1987, he was offered the position of Chef de Cuisine under Chef Joël Robuchon at Jamin, Chef Robuchon’s first three Michelin star rated restaurant in Paris.
In 2005, Le Tohic was asked by Joël Robuchon to open Joël Robuchon restaurant and L’Atelier de Joël Robuchon, both at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas. This partnership between the two chefs featured menus which combined both chefs’ specialties and, in 2010, earned three Michelin stars.
In 2019, Le Tohic opened ONE65 in San Francisco, a six-story multi-concept. ONE65 features four completely distinct designs and cuisines: ONE65 Patisserie & Boutique, Alexander's Steakhouse, Elements at ONE65 (a bar and lounge), and O’ by Claude Le Tohic.

## Awards and honors

* Meilleur Ouvrier de France, 2004
* James Beard Foundation Winner, Best Chefs in America 2010.
* Michelin Guide three-star rating
* Michelin Guide one-star rating for his work at O' by Claude Le Tohic, 2021
* International Catering Cup (ICC) World Champion, 2023
# Hosker

Hosker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bobby Hosker (born 1955), British footballer
* Gerald Hosker (1933–2024), British lawyer and public servant
# Tabernaemontana undulata

Tabernaemontana undulata, the becchete or bëcchëte (pronounced b'-chéw-teh, a Matis and Matsés word for a medicinal plant) is a plant species in the family Apocynaceae. It occurs in the Amazon rainforest.

## Effects

Preparation of the medicine begins with a shaman scraping off the outer layers of root bark of the Samá becchete into a leaf. The shaman recites calls to specific animal spirits, such as the squirrel monkey, hummingbird and deer. The shavings are placed inside kapok cotton, combined with water, and wrapped into a leaf that functions as an eye-dropper. When applied directly to the eye, becchete is reported by tribes to have the effect of giving the environment greater texture and dimension, making it easier to spot animals during hunting. The effects are reported to be long-term, lasting days or weeks, not just a few hours. In addition to visual enhancement, there is also an increase in energy. On application, the eyes sting, however this would be expected considering that becchete is extracted with Amazonian River water that is high in tannic acid, which on its own would sting and burn the eyes. In the Amazonian Ethnobotanical Dictionary by James A. Duke and Rodolfo Vásquez, it is reported that Amazonian Indians from the Ticuna tribe mix the latex from a closely related species, Tabernaemontana sananho, with water in order to treat eye wounds. In addition to be applied to the eyes as the Matis and Ticuna tribes do, it is most commonly taken orally by the Matsés.

## Active ingredients

Tabernaemontana undulata contains iboga alkaloids, naturally occurring psychoactive compounds. Ibogaine is used in pain management and to treat opiate addiction. In low dosages, ibogaine is a stimulant and aphrodisiac.

## History

Scott Wallace of National Geographic was the first person to report the use of this indigenous Amazonian medicine by the Matis tribe. Dan James Pantone, one of the founders of the Movement in the Amazon for Tribal Subsistence and Economic Sustainability (MATSES), discovered that the Matsés tribe also uses becchete. In September 2008, Pantone collected plant samples from the Amazon rainforest in the Matsés Indian Territory in the region of the Yaquerana River on the border of Peru with Brazil. Working together with other botanists at the Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP) in Iquitos, Peru, he was able to identify the plant species as Tabernaemontana undulata, part of the genus Tabernaemontana and the plant family Apocynaceae. Pantone has produced a documentary video showing the Matis using Becchete as a traditional medicine.
# Zamina Begum

Zamina Begum (11 January 1917 – 28 April 1978), also known as Zainab Begum, was an Afghan princess who was the First Lady of Afghanistan from 1973 until her assassination in 1978. She was the wife of Mohammed Daoud Khan, the first president of Afghanistan, and the brother of the last king of Afghanistan, Mohammed Zahir Shah.
She was killed along with her husband and family in the Saur Revolution in 1978.

## Life

Zamina Begum was the daughter of King Mohammed Nadir Shah and Mah Parwar Begum, and the sister of King Zahir. Her brother succeeded her father in November 1933. She married Daoud in September 1934.
Zamina Begum famously played a role in the women's emancipation policy of her husband's government, notably by appearing unveiled in public. The Prime Minister prepared women's emancipation carefully and gradually. He began by introducing women workers at the Radio Kabul in 1957, by sending women delegates to the Asian Women's Conference in Kairo, and by employing forty girls to the government pottery factory in 1958. When this was met with no riots, the government decided it was time for the very controversial step of unveiling.
In August 1959, on the second day of the festival of Jashn-e-Esteqlal (Afghan Independence Day), Princess Zamina appeared unveiled alongside Queen Humaira and Princess Bilqis in the Royal Box at the military parade. A group of Islamic clerics sent a letter of protest to the Prime Minister to protest and demand that the words of sharia be respected. The Prime Minister answered by inviting them to the capital and present proof to him that the holy scripture indeed demanded the chadri. When the clerics could not find such a passage, the Prime Minister declared that the female members of the Royal Family would no longer wear veils, because the Islamic law did not demand it. While the chadri was never banned, the example of the Queen and the Prime Minister's wife was followed by the wives and daughters of government officials as well as by other urban women of the upperclass and middle class, with Kubra Noorzai and Masuma Esmati-Wardak, who is known as the first commoner pioneers.

## Death

On 28 April 1978, Zamina Begum and her husband were killed during the Saur Revolution at the Arg.
She was reburied in the Deh Sabz District in Kabul along with her husband and other family members in 2009.

## Family

The couple had four sons and four daughters:
* 1. Zarlasht Daoud Khan
* 2. Khalid Daoud Khan (1947–1978). Had a son:
** Tariq Daoud Khan
* 3. Wais Daoud Khan (1947–1978). Had four children:
** Turan Daoud Khan (1972-)
** Ares Daoud Khan (1973 – k. 1978)
** Waygal Daoud Khan (1975 – k. 1978)
** Zahra Khanum (1970-)
* 4. Muhammad Umar Daoud Khan (k. 1978). Had two daughters:
** Hila Khanum (1961 – k. 1978)
** Ghazala Khanum (1964 – k. 1978)
* 5. Dorkhanai Begum
* 6. Zarlasht Begum (k. 1978)
* 7. Shinkay Begum (k. 1978). Had two daughters:
** Ariane Heila Khanum Ghazi (1961-)
** Hawa Khanum Ghazi (1963-)
* 8. Torpekay Begum. Had three children:
** Shah Mahmud Khan Ghazi
** Daud Khan Ghazi
** Zahra Khanum Ghazi

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Zamina Begum :
# Cary House (Pangburn, Arkansas)

The Cary House is a historic house at Searcy and Short Streets in Pangburn, Arkansas. It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure with an irregular floor plan and vernacular styling. Its main facade, facing west, is dominated by a single-story shed-roof porch that wraps around to the side, and is supported by wooden box columns. Built about 1910, it is one of White County's few pre-World War I railroad-era houses to survive.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
# Musnad al-Firdous

Part of a series on :
Hadith :
Hadith studies
Hadith sciences
Terminology
Sahih hadith
Types (categories)
Biographical evaluation
Musannaf
Musnad
Israʼiliyyat :
Collections
Sunni$^1$Kutub Al-Sittah ("The Six Books") Sahih al-Bukhari صحيح البخاري Sahih Muslim صحيح مسلم Sunan Abi Dawud سنن أبي داود Sunan al-Tirmidhi سنن الترمذي Sunan al-Nasa'i سنن النسائي Sunan ibn Majah سنن ابن ماجه
Others Al-Adab al-Mufrad Al-Jami al-Kamil Kanz al-Ummal Kitab al-Athar Majma al-Zawa'id Mu'jam al-Awsat Mu'jam al-Kabeer Mu'jam al-Saghir Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah Musnad Abu Awanah Musnad Abu Hanifa Musnad Abu Ya'la Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal Musnad_al-Bazzar Musnad al-Shafi'i Musnad al-Siraj Musnad al-Firdous Musnad al-Tayalisi Musnad Humaidi Musnad Ishaq ibn Rahwayh Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn Muwatta Imam Malik Sahih Ibn Hibban Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya Sunan al-Kubra Bayhaqi Sunan al-Wusta Bayhaqi Sunan al-Daraqutni Sunan al-Darimi Sunan Nasa'i al-Kubra Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur Shu'ab al-Iman Tahdhib al-Athar Targhib wal Tarhib
ShiaAl-Kutub Al-Arb'ah ("The Four Books") Kitab al-Kafi الكتاب الكافي Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih من لا يحضره الفقيه Tahdhib al-Ahkam تهذیب الاحکام Al-Istibsar الاستبصار
Others Al-Wafi Wasa'il al-Shia Mustadrak al-wasa'il Bihar al-Anwar Nahj al-Balagha The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya Risalah al-Huquq Sahifah of al-Ridha Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah Da'a'im al-Islam Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha Haqq al-Yaqeen Ain Al-Hayat Al-Ghadir
Ibadi
Jami Sahih
Tartib al-Musnad
$^1$ - Books also revered by Ahmadiyya :
Related topics
Ahl al-Hadith
Criticism
Sheikh al-Hadith :
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Musnad al-Firdaws (Arabic: مسند الفردوس) is a collection of Hadiths compiled by the Islamic scholar Abū Manṣūr al-Daylamī (d. 558 AH/1162 CE).

## Description

It contains almost three thousand (3000) hadiths according to Al-Maktaba Al-Shamela. This book is not popular among Islamic scholars because the chain of narrators are not specifically given while quoting Hadith.

## Publications

The book has been published by many publishers but mainly in Arabic language:
* Musnad al-Firdaws (مخطوطة مسند الفردوس), published by Maktaba Ustadh Doctor Mohammad bin Torkey, Turkey مكتبة الأستاذ الدكتور محمد بن تركي التركي.
* Al-Firdaws bima'thūr al-Khiṭāb. Edited by al-Saʿīd ibn Basīūnī Zaghlūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1st ed. 1986 CE. 5 volumes.
# Dusk (comics)

Dusk is the name of several characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

## Fictional character biography
### Negative Zone version

Dusk is the name of several heroes who hail from the Negative Zone and led a resistance against Blastaar. After Spider-Man visits the Negative Zone, he receives a copy of Dusk's costume.

### Peter Parker

After being accused of murder during the Identity Crisis storyline, Peter Parker dons several different identities, including Dusk, to continue his heroics. After clearing his name, Peter abandons the costume.

### Cassie St. Commons

Cassie St. Commons first appeared in Slingers #0 (Dec 1998). She is a student at Empire State University (comics) and a member of the Slingers who was killed during an initiation challenge.
Cassie is resurrected after being empowered by Darkforce energy and becomes a superhero. During the "Blood Hunt" storyline, she is among the Darkforce users who lose control of their powers, blocking the Sun and facilitating a vampire invasion.

## Powers and abilities

The Peter Parker incarnation of Dusk can camouflage in shadows and glide short distances, in addition to his regular abilities.
The Cassie St. Commons incarnation of Dusk can manipulate the Darkforce, enabling her to teleport, generate shadow constructs, and regenerate her body.

## In other media

* The Peter Parker incarnation of Dusk appears as a costume for Spider-Man in Spider-Man 2: Enter: Electro and Spider-Man: Edge of Time.
* The Peter Parker incarnation of Dusk appears as a playable character in Spider-Man Unlimited.
# 2015–16 Montenegrin Cup (women)

The Montenegrin Cup 2015-16 was the first edition of the Montenegrin football tournament for women. Seven football clubs participated in the event. The winner of the competition was ŽFK Ekonomist Nikšić.

## Format

The competition started October 15, 2015, and finished with the final game on May 16, 2016. There were three rounds of competition: quarterfinals, semifinals and a final match.

## Results
### Quarterfinals

| Date | Home | Guest | Score |
| 15/10/2015 | Mladost Podgorica | Obilić Herceg Novi | 2:0 |
| 15/10/2015 | Pristan Bar | Breznica Pljevlja | 0:4 |
| 15/10/2015 | Lovćen Cetinje | Sjeverna Zvijezda | 0:3 |

### Semifinals

| Date | Home | Guest | Score |
| 14/11/2015 | Mladost Podgorica | Breznica Pljevlja | 1:1 - 4:2 (pen) |
| 14/11/2015 | Ekonomist Nikšić | Sjeverna Zvijezda | 7:0 |
# Herbert Wace

Herbert Wace CMG (31 December 1851 – 28 May 1906) was a British colonial administrator who served his career in Ceylon.

## Early life and education

Wace was born in 1851, the youngest son of Rev. Richard Henry Wace of Wadhurst, Sussex. He was educated at Westminster School.

## Career

Wace entered the Ceylon civil service as a writer in 1873. He then served in a variety of posts including Assistant Collector of Customs (1876); Assistant Government Agent successively in: Kalutara (1879); Ratnapura (1885); Matara (1886), and Nuwara Eliya (1887). In 1889, he served as assistant to the Colonial Secretary, and in the following year was Commissioner of Requests at Colombo.
From 1890, Wace served in the substantive post of Government Agent, successively in: North Western Province (1890); Sabaragamuwa Province (1891); Southern Province (1897), and Central Province from 1900 until his death in 1906.
Wace was sympathetic to the Sinhalese villagers, and took an interest in the Gam Sabhas or village councils; in education; in irrigation, and in the efficiency of the village headmen and police under his charge. In reporting on the Sabaragamuwa district in 1885, he remarked on "the spirit of enterprise so marked in the character of the low country Sinhalese villager so painfully conspicuous by its absence in the Kandyans".
He also served, on occasion as Acting Colonial Secretary, and was a member of both the Executive and Legislative Council of Ceylon.

## Personal life and death

Wace married Mabel Blyth. His son Sidney Wace was a British army officer. His brother, Henry Wace, was the Dean of Canterbury.
Wace died of dysentery in Ceylon on 28 May 1906, and was buried in St Paul's Church, Kandy.

## Honours and memorials

Wace was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1903 Birthday Honours.
Wace Park in Kandy, built while he was Mayor of Kandy, is named after him.
# List of heads of government of Kenya

This is a list of the heads of government of Kenya.

## Prime ministers (1963–1964; 2008–2013)
### Political parties

| No. | Picture | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party |
| No. | Picture | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party |
| Prime Minister of Kenya (1963–1964) ||||||||
| 1 | | Jomo Kenyatta (1891–1978) | 1963 | 1 June 1963 | 12 December 1964 | 1 year, 194 days | KANU |
| Prime Minister of Kenya (2008–2013) ||||||||
| 2 | | Raila Odinga (born 1945) | — | 17 April 2008 | 9 April 2013 | 4 years, 357 days | ODM |

## Prime cabinet secretaries (2022–present)

| No. | Picture | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Political party |
| 1 | | Musalia Mudavadi (born 1960) | 27 October 2022 | 10 January 2025 | Amani National Congress |
| (1) | | Musalia Mudavadi (born 1960) | 10 January 2025 | Incumbent | Amani National Congress |