OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sohan Singh Josh

Sohan Singh Josh (1898–1982) was an Indian communist activist and freedom fighter.

## Life

Josh was born on 12 November 1898 at village Chetanpura in Amritsar district, Punjab Province, British India. His father, Lal Singh, wished for his son to be educated but there was no school nearby, so Sohan Singh entered school rather late. He passed the Middle standard examination from Church Mission School, Majitha, and the Matriculation examination from D. A. V. School, Amritsar. For his tertiary education, Josh joined the Khalsa College, Amritsar, but had to leave soon after owing to financial difficulties.
Following his short tenure at Khalsa College, Josh went to Hubli in Bengal Presidency and later to Bombay where he worked up to 1918 in the Censor's office. He returned to Amritsar later to pursue a career as a school teacher.
In 1921, Josh took an active interest in the Akali movement for the liberation of gurdwaras from mahants. Josh zealously opposed the British Raj in India, and as a result of his anti-British activities was arrested. He was tried and sentenced to three years imprisonment. At that time he became the member of the Shiromani Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee and the Shiromani Akali Dal. Josh was a prolific writer. In 1925 he helped to bring out a revolutionary paper, Kirti, which was main vehicle for Bhagat Singh to propagate his ideas.
Josh was a leader both of the Kirti Kisan Party and the Naujawan Bharat Sabha, being one of several people who were prominent in both organizations simultaneously. He was imprisoned for his role in the Meerut Conspiracy Case, was released in November 1933 and thereafter aligned himself with the Communist Party of India.
In 1943, he became the editor of a newly founded communist paper, Jang-i-Azadi.
# Iain Hamilton Grant

Iain Hamilton Grant (born 1963) is a British philosopher. He is a senior lecturer at the University of the West of England in Bristol, United Kingdom. His research interests include ontology, European philosophy, German Idealism (especially Schelling), and both contemporary and historical philosophy of nature. He is often associated with the recent philosophical current known as Speculative Realism.

## Work

Grant was initially known as a translator of the prominent French philosophers Jean Baudrillard and Jean-François Lyotard. His reputation as an independent philosopher comes primarily from his book On an Artificial Earth. In this book, Grant heavily criticizes the repeated attempts of philosophers to "reverse Platonism," and argues that they should try to reverse Immanuel Kant instead. He is highly critical of the recent prominence of ethics and the philosophy of life in continental philosophy, which in his view merely reinforce the undue privilege of human being. Against these trends, Grant calls for a renewed treatment of the inorganic realm.
Grant views Plato and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling as his major allies among classic philosophical figures, and generally opposes both Aristotle and Kant for what he sees as their tendency to reduce reality to its expressibility for humans. Grant is also influenced by the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze.
Grant wrote his PhD thesis on Kant and Lyotard in the Department of Philosophy at Warwick University. Whilst at Warwick he was part of the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit.
He states "I am a philosopher working on ontology and post-Kantian philosophy and German Idealism, especially Schelling, and on the philosophy of nature both historically and in the contemporary context. I have published widely in these areas, and am writing a monograph on the problem of nature in later Idealism to follow my Philosophies of Nature after Schelling (Continuum, 2006). I maintain an interest in the philosophy of technology and in art."
# Melanie Lubbe

Melanie Lubbe (née Ohme, born 23 June 1990) is a German chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM, 2012).

## Biography

Lubbe was the eldest of six siblings. She learned playing chess at the age of four from her parents. She won German Girls' Championships in the under-14 age group (2003), under-16 age group (2005) and under-18 age group.
Melanie Lubbe played for Germany in Women's Chess Olympiads:
* In 2008, at fourth board in the 38th Chess Olympiad (women) in Dresden (+6, =0, -3),
* In 2010, at fourth board in the 39th Chess Olympiad (women) in Khanty-Mansiysk (+4, =3, -2),
* In 2012, at third board in the 40th Chess Olympiad (women) in Istanbul (+4, =1, -4),
* In 2014, at fourth board in the 41st Chess Olympiad (women) in Tromsø (+6, =1, -2),
* In 2016, at fourth board in the 42nd Chess Olympiad (women) in Baku (+3, =0, -4).
Lubbe played for Germany in the World Women's Team Chess Championship:
* In 2007, at second board in the 1st Women's World Team Chess Championship 2007 in Yekaterinburg (+2, =3, -2).
Lubbe played for Germany in European Team Chess Championships:
* In 2007, at fourth board in the 7th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Heraklion (+5, =1, -2),
* In 2009, at third board in the 8th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Novi Sad (+3, =1, -3),
* In 2011, at reserve board in the 9th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Porto Carras (+5, =3, -0) and won individual silver medal,
* In 2015, at fourth board in the 11th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Reykjavík (+3, =4, -1).
In 2009 she was awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title and in 2012 the Woman Grandmaster (WGM) title.
Lubbe studied psychology from 2010 to 2013 at the University of Mannheim and graduated with a bachelor's degree. Since February 2015 she works as a personnel consultant in Braunschweig.
Also since 2015, Lubbe has been married to International Master chess player Nikolas Lubbe.
# Alexander Campbell (Nova Scotia politician)

Alexander Campbell (May 22, 1826 – September 2, 1909) was a Scottish-born notary public and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Inverness County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 and from 1878 to 1886 as a Liberal-Conservative member.
He was born on the Isle of Skye, the son of Archibald Campbell and Margaret MacLean, and came to Cape Breton in 1830. In 1853, Campbell married Mary McLean. He married Ella G. Grant after the death of his first wife. Campbell was also a magistrate for Inverness County and was a senior major in the militia. He was elected in 1867 on an anti-Confederation platform. Campbell died at Strathlorne at the age of 83.
His former home has been designed a provincial heritage property.
# Hubert Meen Aucoin

Hubert Meen Aucoin (December 17, 1874 – January 29, 1952) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Inverness County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1925 to 1928 as a Liberal-Conservative member.
He was born in Chéticamp, Nova Scotia, the son of Anselm Aucoin and Hélène Daigle. In 1899, he married Luce Arsenault. Aucoin died in Halifax on January 29, 1952.
# Roderick MacLean

Roderick MacLean (November 15, 1900 – January 30, 1962) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Inverness in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1949 to 1962. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.
Born in 1900 at Inverness, Nova Scotia, MacLean was educated at Dalhousie University. He married Etta Maud Hammond in 1937. From 1937 to 1949, MacLean was a municipal councillor for Inverness County, serving from 1943 to 1949 as warden. MacLean entered provincial politics in the 1949 election, winning the dual-member Inverness riding with Liberal Alexander H. McKinnon. He was re-elected in 1953. Maclean was re-elected in the 1956, and 1960 elections, serving with Liberal Joseph Clyde Nunn. MacLean died in office on January 30, 1962. He was succeeded as MLA by his brother, William N. MacLean.
# Leslie McDorman

Leslie Hill McDorman (January 19, 1879 – May 19, 1966) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1945 to 1949 as a Liberal-Progressive. He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1945 provincial election, representing the constituency of Brandon.
He was born in Great Village, Nova Scotia and came to Brandon, Manitoba around 1901. McDorman was mayor of Brandon from 1944 to 1945.
McDorman's won the seat as the result of a local division in the Cooperative Commwealth Federation. Dwight Johnson had previously been elected for Brandon as a CCF candidate in a 1943 by-election, but was suspended from the party on suspicions of holding communist sympathies. He ran for re-election as an "Independent CCF" candidate, and the local CCF organization fielded a candidate against him. This division in the left allowed McDorman to win a fairly easy victory.
He served as a government backbencher for the next four years, supporting the administrations of Stuart Garson and Douglas Campbell. McDorman did not seek re-election in 1949.
He died in Rivers at the age of 87 and was buried in Brandon.
# Comments on the Biography of Ni Kuan

Comments on the Biography of Ni Kuan or Eulogy on the Chronicle of Ni Kuan (倪寬贊) is a representative Chinese calligraphy work written by the renowned Tang Dynasty Chinese calligrapher Chu Suilang. It is often considered to be a prime example of standard script in Chinese calligraphy. The work measures 24.6 cm by 170.1 cm and is currently kept in the National Palace Museum, Taipei. However, recent studies on the work revealed that the piece was likely a Song Dynasty replica of the original.
Despite the controversy surrounding its authenticity, the work is still renowned for its refinement and diversity of slenderness within each brush stroke. The overall aesthetics is extremely pleasing and is often regarded "as if one is looking at the pure and unsullied character of the calligrapher for which he (Chu Suilang) was renowned."
A full translation and a more elaborate background of the work can be found here.
# Jim Morton (politician)

James Ernest Morton is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2009 provincial election. He represented the electoral district of Kings North, as a member of the New Democratic Party, until his defeat in the 2013 election. During his term he served as an NDP backbencher, never being appointed to the cabinet led by Premier Darrell Dexter.
Born in Kentville, Nova Scotia in 1951, Morton grew up on a family farm in Somerset. He was educated at Acadia University and Dalhousie University, becoming a social worker. At the time of his election to the legislature, he was the manager of the addiction services program at Annapolis Valley Health in Kentville. In March 2016, Morton was named chief of staff for NDP leader Gary Burrill.
# Pir (Sufism)

Pir (Persian: پیر, lit. 'elder') or Peer is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة, romanized: Haḍra) and Sheikh or Shaykh, which is literally the Arabic equivalent. The title is often translated into English as "saint". In Sufism, a Pir's role is to guide and instruct his disciples on the Sufi path. This is often done by general lessons (called Suhbas) and individual guidance. Other words that refer to a Pir include Murshid (Arabic: مرشد, lit. 'guide, mentor') and Sarkar (Persian: سرکار, lit. 'master, lord').
The title Peer Baba (from Persian: بابا, lit. 'father') is common in the Indian subcontinent used as a salutation to Sufi masters or similarly honored persons. After their death, people visit their tombs or mausolea, referred to as dargah or maqbara.
This title is mostly used by sayyids (descendants of Muhammad).
An alternative title is Pirzada or Peerzada. The people having this title are also called Shah. The title is most used by Pirs of Sindh. The title is common in Iran, India and Afghanistan.
# Chiesa Madre San Basilio, Regalbuto

San Basilio is the main Roman Catholic church, or chiesa madre (mother church), of the town of Regalbuto, province of Enna, region of Sicily, Italy. It is located in the central plaza.

## History

A church at the site was present by the 16th-century, but the present church was rebuilt in the 18th-century, completed in 1764. The rich Baroque facade of the church clashes with the more sober and neoclassical square bell-tower to the right. The church facade recalls the style of Rosario Gagliardi.
Unusual for churches in Sicily, the interior consists of a single nave with lateral chapels flanked by broad pilasters. The chapels have elaborate polychrome marble altars. The interior has an elegantly decorated and gilded stucco decoration. The apse has wooden choir stalls and is backed by a tall organ.
# Rawatpur

Rawatpur is a suburb in North Kanpur, India, situated about 10 km from Kanpur on the NH 91 to Delhi and 5 km from Kalyanpur, in the Kanpur metropolitan area. The population was 110,000 at the 2001 census, and it has 84% of literacy.

## Transport

Rawatpur has a bus station and UPSRTC Busses of Kanpur have routes from Rawatpur to different localities. Rawatpur has a railway station on the Kanpur-Mathura line. Kanpur Airport is the nearest airport.

## Tourist attractions

* J K Temple
* Rave@Moti Mall
* Gurudev Palace
* Indian Institute of Pulses Research
* Allen Forest Zoo
* Moti Jheel
* Geeta Nagar Stadium
* Ramlala Mandir Rawatpur Gaon
# Jacky Chazalon

Jacqueline Chazalon (born 24 March 1945), known as Jacky Chazalon, is a retired French FIBA basketball player. Chazalon played for the France women's national basketball team from 1963 to 1976 and won silver at the EuroBasket Women 1970 Championship. During her time in FIBA, she played in the 1971 FIBA World Championship for Women and the 1976 Pre-Olympic Basketball Tournament for Women. Chazalon was named France's Women Basketball Player of the Century in 2000. She was awarded the Glory of Sport in 2003 and inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2007.

## Early life

Chazalon was born on 24 March 1945 in Alès, France.

## Career

Chazalon began her basketball career in 1960. After playing for multiple teams for one-year terms, she played for Clermont UC from 1964 to 1976. During her time with Clermont, she won the French League Championships consecutively from 1968 to 1976 and was the runner-up in the EuroLeague Women Championship four times between 1971 and 1976.
While playing in FIBA Europe, Chazalon was a member of the France women's national basketball team from 1963 to 1976 and won a silver medal in the EuroBasket Women 1970 Championship. She played in six EuroBasket Women championships from 1964 to 1976 excluding 1974. In world competitions, Chazalon played in the 1971 FIBA World Championship for Women and 1976 Pre-Olympic Basketball Tournament for Women. Apart from playing basketball, Chazalon worked as a gym teacher. Outside of France, Chazalon was invited to play at a men's basketball camp in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania against National Basketball Association players Campy Russell and Dave Bing.

## Awards and honors

Chazalon was awarded the Robert Busnel Medal in 1994 by the French Basketball Federation and named the Female Basketball Player of the Century in 2000. She was inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2007. Gymnasiums in Feytiat and Savigny-le-Temple, France were opened and named after Chazalon.
# Casa Córdova

Casa Córdova, also known as Casa de las Conchas (Spanish for 'seashell house'), is a historic building located at 14 Gonzalo Marín Street in the historic center of the Puerto Rican municipality of Arecibo. The historic residence, now a commercial building, was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on November 17, 1986, and to the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000.
The wood and brick commercial-residence building was built in 1898 during a period of architectural transition inspired by Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts styles.
# Casa Grande Stone Church

Casa Grande Stone Church is a church located at 110 West Florence Boulevard in Casa Grande, Arizona.
The church was originally built by Michael Sullivan, a local stonemason. It was the largest fieldstone building to be built by Sullivan in Casa Grande and served as the First Presbyterian Church of that town. Sullivan built the structure with the help of Los Angeles architect Robert Orr. The first service held in the church, with its glittering copper-plated dome, was in January 1928. The Casa Grande Historical Society acquired the Stone Church in June 1977. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is currently home to The Museum of Casa Grande.
# Hotel Sevilla

The Hotel Sevilla Habana Affiliated by Meliá is a historic hotel in Havana, Cuba.

## History

The Hotel Sevilla opened on March 22, 1908. It was a four-story Moorish Revival structure, designed by architects Arellano y Mendoza on, located on Calle Trocadero, next to the Paseo del Prado, between the Malecón and Parque Central. The Sevilla was bought by John McEntee Bowman and Charles Francis Flynn in 1919 and renamed the Hotel Sevilla-Biltmore. In 1924, Bowman-Biltmore Hotels constructed a huge ten-story tower wing, with a rooftop ballroom, designed by noted New York architects Schultze & Weaver.
In 1939, the Sevilla-Biltmore was purchased by Italian-Uruguayan mobster Amleto Battisti y Lora. Its casino was closely associated with Havana's mafia network, being part-owned by Santo Trafficante, Jr. Mobs destroyed the Sevilla-Biltmore's casino on January 1, 1959, after Fulgencio Batista fled the country overnight as Fidel Castro's rebel army approached Havana. Amleto Battisti took refuge in the Uruguayan embassy.
The Sevilla-Biltmore was featured in Graham Greene's novel Our Man in Havana as the location where the protagonist joins the British secret service.
Today, the hotel is owned by the Cuban state-run Gran Caribe hotel group. The French Accor chain assumed management in 1996, first under their Sofitel division as the Hotel Sofitel Sevilla Havana, and later under their Mercure Hotels division as the Hotel Mercure Sevilla Havane. Accor announced plans in 2017 to renovate the Sevilla and transfer it to their boutique MGallery by Sofitel division. However, Accor ceased management of the hotel on December 31, 2018.
In 2023, the hotel joined the Spanish Meliá Hotels International chain as Hotel Sevilla Habana Affiliated by Meliá.

## In Popular Culture

The hotel is mentioned in The Godfather Part 2, at a meeting between main mafia bosses in Havana.
# Diana Noonan

Diana Noonan (born 7 January 1960) is a New Zealand children's author. In 2022 she was awarded the Storylines Margaret Mahy Medal for her outstanding contributions to New Zealand literature for young people.

## Biography

Noonan was born in Dunedin and attended Waihola Primary School and Tokomairiro High School. She completed a degree in English at the University of Otago in 1980. She completed a teaching diploma the following year and began her career as a teacher. She taught in secondary schools for four years then became a full-time writer. Noonan was Writer in Residence at the Dunedin College of Education in 1993, and was the editor of the New Zealand School Journal for eight years.
Following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake Noonan wrote a children's picture book, Quaky Cat, about a cat's experience of the earthquakes. She donated all royalties to the Christchurch earthquake appeal, raising over $150,000. She and the book's illustrator Gavin Bishop received the North West Christchurch Award 2012 in appreciation of her donation.

## Awards and recognition

| Year | Award | Result | Work |
| 2022 | Storylines Margaret Mahy Medal | Winner | |
| 2014 | LIANZA Russell Clark Award | Finalist | The Teddy Bear's Promise |
| 2011 | LIANZA Russell Clark Award | Finalist | Quaky Cat |
| 2011 | LIANZA Elsie Locke Non-Fiction Award | Finalist | The Tui New Zealand Kids' Garden |
| 2003 | LIANZA Russell Clark Award | Finalist | Auntie Rosie and the Rabbit |
| 2003 | LIANZA Russell Clark Award | Finalist | The Best-Dressed Bear |
| 2003 | New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults – Picture Book Award | Finalist | Auntie Rosie and the Rabbit |
| 1998 | LIANZA Elsie Locke Non-Fiction Award | Co-winner | The Know, Sow and Grow Kids' Book of Plants |
| 1997 | New Zealand Library and Information Association Award for Non-fiction | Winner | I Spy Wildlife |
| 1997 | New Zealand Library and Information Association Award for Non-fiction | Finalist | The Rocky Shore |
| 1997 | New Zealand Library and Information Association Award for Non-fiction | Finalist | The Garden |
| 1996 | Australian Wilderness Society Environment Award for Children's Literature | Finalist | Hercules |
| 1995 | Aim Children's Book Award for Best Picture Book | Winner | The Best Loved Bear |
| 1994 | Aim Children's Book Award for Best Junior Fiction | Winner | A Dolphin in the Bay |
| 1994 | New Zealand Library Association Esther Glen Award | Finalist | A Dolphin in the Bay |
| 1991 | New Zealand Library Association Esther Glen Award | Finalist | The Silent People |
# Krasimira Bogdanova

Krasimira Nikolova Georgieva-Bogdanova (Bulgarian: Красимира Николова Георгиева-Богданова, 5 June 1949 – 10 March 1992) was a Bulgarian basketball player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics. She was a wife of Petar Bogdanov.
# St Peter's Metro station

St Peter's is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the University of Sunderland and suburb of St Peter's, City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 31 March 2002, following the opening of the Wearside extension – a project costing in the region of £100 million.

## History

To allow for the re-building of the station at Sunderland, St. Peter's served as a temporary terminus for rail services operated by Northern Spirit between 25 February 2001 and 16 April 2001.
St. Peter's is located at the north end of the Monkwearmouth Bridge, a 300 ft (91 m) railway bridge crossing the River Wear, built in 1879, and to the south of the former station at Monkwearmouth, which closed in March 1967.
It is located a short walk from the University of Sunderland's Sir Tom Cowie Campus at St. Peter's, which is about 750 metres (0.47 mi) to the east of the station. For the University of Sunderland's City Campus, the closest station is University. The station is also located near to the National Glass Centre, which is just over half a mile (800 m) to the east of the station.

## Facilities

The station has two platforms, both of which have ticket machines (which accept cash, card and contactless payment), smartcard validators, seating, next train audio and visual displays, timetable and information posters and an emergency help point. There is step-free access to both platforms by lift, with platforms also accessed by staircase. The station has free car park, with 23 spaces (plus four accessible spaces). There is also cycle storage at the station, with five cycle pods.

## Services

As of April 2021, the station is served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday between South Hylton and Newcastle Airport.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar

## Art

The station features the White Light art installation. Designed by British artist, Ron Haselden, it consists of illuminated ovals embedded into the glass floor, which change in intensity according to the strength of the wind.
# William Stansfield

William Stansfield, Stansfeld or Stanfield may refer to:
* William Stansfield (railway officer) (1874–1946), English/Australian railway officer and soldier
* William Crompton-Stansfield (1790–1871), English Whig politician and MP for Huddersfield (1837–53)
* Clarkson Frederick Stanfield (1793–1867), English marine painter (often inaccurately credited as "William Clarkson Stanfield")
* Fred Stanfield (Frederic William Stanfield, 1944–2021), Canadian ice hockey player