OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kenneth Williams (Trinidadian cricketer)

Kenneth Williams (born 27 January 1968) is a Trinidadian cricketer. He played in 24 first-class and 17 List A matches for Trinidad and Tobago from 1983 to 1984.
# Robert van Oosterom

Robert van Oosterom (born 16 October 1968) is a Dutch former cricketer. A right-handed batsman, Van Oosterom usually batted in the middle order.
He began playing for the Netherlands in 1990, in the ICC Trophy match against Israel. His last appearance for the national side was in 2002.

## Sources

* Robert van Oosterom at ESPNcricinfo
Netherlands squads :
vteNetherlands squad – 1996 Cricket World Cup
1 Lubbers (c)
2 Aponso
3 Bakker
4 Cantrell
5 Clarke
6 Gouka
7 Jansen
8 de Leede
9 Lefebvre
10 van Noortwijk
11 van Oosterom
12 Schewe (wk)
13 Scholte (wk)
14 Zuiderent :
* This biographical article related to Dutch cricket is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Stephen Smyth

Stephen Smyth (born 22 December 1968 in Derry, Northern Ireland) is a former Irish cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman. He made his début for Ireland against Worcestershire in 1990, eventually playing for his country on 64 occasions, including five first-class and ten List A matches. He also represented Northern Ireland in the cricket tournament at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.
He was also a rugby union player, playing scrum-half for City of Derry and Ulster. Former Ireland rugby coach Murray Kidd has expressed his regret that he never selected him.
# Trent Ryan

Trent Ryan (born 18 June 1968) is an Australian cricketer. He played in two List A matches for Queensland in 1991/92.
# Jon Preston

Jon Paul Preston (born 15 November 1967) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A halfback and first five-eighth, Preston represented Canterbury and Wellington at a provincial level and the Hurricanes in Super Rugby. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1991 to 1997, playing 27 matches for the team, including 10 internationals.
# Wilton, Cumbria

Wilton is a hamlet in the Cumberland district, in the county of Cumbria, England. It is near the small town of Egremont. In 1870-72 it had a population of 253. It was one of the sites involved in a 2010 shooting spree spanning Cumbria, when 52-year-old Derrick Bird shot several residents of Wilton, killing a couple.
# Nonidentity problem

The nonidentity problem (also called the paradox of future individuals) is a problem in population ethics concerning actions that affect the existence, identity, or well-being of future people. It arises from the observation that even small changes can alter the timing and circumstances of child conception, leading to entirely different individuals coming into existence, similarly to the butterfly effect in chaos theory. Actions affecting future generations will thus not simply affect the welfare of individuals, but rather cause different individuals to come into existence. The problem was described and explored by Derek Parfit in his 1987 book Reasons and Persons. It is a challenge to person-affecting views, which are based on the intuition that "what is bad must be bad for someone".
An example proposed by Parfit involves thinking of two policies: "conservation" and "depletion". In the depletion strategy, current generations have a slightly higher quality of life, but unchecked use of natural resources eventually leads to depletion, significantly degrading the welfare of future generations. Parfit argues that person-affecting views would favor the depletion policy because it benefits current generations of identifiable people, even though the conservation policy is generally considered ethically superior. He eventually became convinced that personal identity is irrelevant to ethics.
A solution to the problem is to adopt impersonal views, theories that don't rely on the notion of personal identity, such as utilitarianism. But impersonal views lead to what Parfit calls the "repugnant conclusion", the idea that "For any perfectly equal population with very high positive welfare, there is a population with very low positive welfare which is better, other things being equal." Some philosophers consider, however, that almost all credible theories of population ethics imply some form of the repugnant conclusion anyway.
# Swaffham Town F.C.

Swaffham Town Football Club is a football club based in Swaffham, Norfolk, England. The club are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One North and play at Shoemakers Lane. They are affiliated to the Norfolk County FA.

## History

The club was established in 1892, reaching the final of the Norfolk Junior Cup two years later. In 1935 they joined the Norfolk & Suffolk League, but left after a single season. They won the Norfolk Junior Cup in 1951 and again the following season. In 1959 they moved to the Shoemakers Lane ground, having purchased the site for £250.
The club joined the Anglian Combination and won Division Two in 1973–74. In 1990 they were promoted to Division One of the Eastern Counties League. After winning the division in 2001–02 they were promoted to the Premier Division. However, they finished bottom of the Premier Division in their first season, and were relegated back to Division One. The club remained in Division One until the end of the 2014–15 season, when they were promoted after finishing as runners-up.
In 2016–17 Swaffham finished bottom of the Premier Division, and were relegated to Division One. They were moved to Division One North as part of league reorganisation in 2018, and went on to win the Division One North title in 2018–19, earning promotion back to the Premier Division.

## Honours

* Eastern Counties League
** Division One champions 2000–01
** Division One North champions 2018–19
* Anglian Combination
** Division Two champions 1973–74
* Norfolk Junior Cup
** Winners 1950–51, 1951–52

## Records

* Best FA Vase performance: Third round, 2018–19
* Attendance: 250 vs Downham Town, Eastern Counties League Cup, 3 September 1991
# Neil Cartmel

Neil Cartmel (born 15 July 1968) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a wicket-keeper who played for Berkshire. He was born in Harrow.
Cartmel played for Essex and Derbyshire's Second XI teams prior to entering Minor counties cricket. Cartmel played his first Minor Counties Championship game in the 1991 season and picked up his first List A appearance a year later, in a NatWest Trophy match against Derbyshire. Cartmel scored 27 runs in this match, his sole contribution with the bat in List A cricket.
Although he played less frequently in 1993, he picked up his second and final List A appearance during the following season, against Kent, though he did not bat or bowl during this match. He played Second XI cricket for Middlesex in 1996.
# Dee Hart

Demetrius "Dee" Hart (born August 16, 1992) is an American former professional football running back. He played college football at Alabama and Colorado State.

## High school

Hart attended Dr. Phillips High School in Orlando, Florida, where he played football and ran track. He was teammates with Ha Ha Clinton-Dix and earned a 2010 USA Today High School All-American nomination, the Class 6A Player of the Year award from Florida Dairy Farmers and was the runner-up for Mr. Football. Hart graduated early in January 2010 after setting 23 school records, as well as the Florida high school state record for touchdowns in a season (50). Hart also won the 2010 Hall Trophy for the best High School football player in the nation.
In track & field, Hart competed as a sprinter and long jumper during his sophomore season. He posted bests of 11.19 seconds in the 100-meter dash, 23.28 seconds in the 200-meter dash and 6.82 meters (22-3) in the long jump, but still was not the fastest.

### Recruiting

Regarded as a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Hart was rated as the No. 1 all-purpose back prospect in the class of 2011. After committing to Michigan in October 2010, he switched his commitment to Alabama in January 2011.

## College career

On February 16, 2014, Hart was arrested for giving false information and for marijuana possession. In summer 2014, Hart graduated from Alabama with a degree in criminal justice and transferred to Colorado State, where he was able to start immediately and have two years of eligibility remaining with the Rams. In his only season at Colorado State, he rushed for 1,275 yards on 194 carries with 16 touchdowns.
On January 3, 2015, Hart announced he would forgo his remaining eligibility and enter the 2015 NFL draft.

## Professional career

Hart went undrafted in the 2015 NFL draft. The Miami Dolphins invited him for their rookie minicamp tryout, but Hart was cut before the season started.
# Leslie Wolfsberger

Leslie Wolfsberger (born February 5, 1959) is an American gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Duck Bridge

Duck Bridge is a historic bridge in Danby, North Yorkshire, a village in England.
The structure, which was formerly known as Danby Castle Bridge, crosses the River Esk, half a mile north of Danby Castle. Its original date of construction is uncertain, but the Victoria County History suggests that it dates from the 14th century. In 1717, the bridge was largely rebuilt by George Duck, for a payment of £10 7s 6d. It then gradually became known by Duck's name. In 2008, the buttresses were rebuilt, and the road was resurfaced in tarmac, which proved controversial. The bridge has been grade II* listed since 1969.
The bridge is built of sandstone, and is hump-backed with a single round arch. The bridge has voussoirs, an arch ring, and peaked parapets with rounded coping. There are stepped abutments at the northwest and southeast corners, and large stepped end buttresses.
# Union Township, Randolph County, Indiana

Union Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana, which contains the towns of Modoc and Losantville. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,965 (down from 2,142 at 2010) and it contained 902 housing units.

## History

Union Township was established on 1 January 1951 from the merger of Nettle Creek Township and West River Township.
Confusingly, another Union Township was proposed in Randolph County in 1838. This Union Township was either short lived or was never formed. It would have consisted of the northern half of the existing West River Township

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 71.65 square miles (185.6 km$^2$), of which 71.52 square miles (185.2 km$^2$) (or 99.82%) is land and 0.13 square miles (0.34 km$^2$) (or 0.18%) is water.

### Cities and towns

* Losantville
* Modoc

### Unincorporated towns

* Huntsville at 40°04′16″N 85°04′20″W﻿ / ﻿40.0711567°N 85.0721876°W﻿ / 40.0711567; -85.0721876
* Unionport at 40°07′15″N 85°05′47″W﻿ / ﻿40.1208783°N 85.0963553°W﻿ / 40.1208783; -85.0963553
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Former settlements

* Cabin Creek — an erstwhile farming settlement and station on the underground railroad

## Cemeteries

Union Township has nine cemeteries:
* Buena Vista Cemetery
* Huntsville Cemetery
* Little Creek Cemetery
* Nettle Creek Baptist Cemetery
* Riverside Cemetery
* Salem Cemetery
* Scott Cemetery
* Union Baptist Cemetery
* Union Chapel Cemetery

## Major highways

* U.S. Route 36
* U.S. Route 35
* Indiana State Road 1
# The Chepstow Gleaner

The Chepstow Gleaner was a 19th-century Welsh periodical, first produced by Clark and Son, Printers and Publishers, in Bank Square, Chepstow, Wales, in 1849. It contained articles on subjects of general interest, as well as extracts from published works and poetry.
# Bhalchandra Nilkanth Purandare

Dr. Bhalchandra Nilkanth Purandare (27 October 1911 – 10 November 1990), was an Indian gynaecologist. He was the son of Dr. Nilkanth Anant Purandare (Also known as 'Father of Indian Obstetric and Gynaecology'). He was the director of the Dr. N.A. Purandare Medical Centre for Family Welfare and Research, Mumbai. He served as the president of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) from 1973 to 1976 and the Mumbai Obstetric and Gynecological Society (MOGS) from 1966 to 1968. He was an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (1961). The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1972, for his contributions to medicine. His brother Dr. Vithal N. Purandare was also an acclaimed obstetrician and gynaecologist, renowned for his surgical prowess. He served as President of the Mumbai Obstetrics and Gynecology society(1973–1975) and FOGSI President in 1981. Their nephew Dr. C. N. Purandare, is a prominent gynaecologist and an ex President of FIGO.
He died on 10 November 1990 at the age of 80.
He authored his autobiography in Marathi titled 'Shalyakaushalya' (शल्यकौशल्य).
* India portal
* Medicine portal
# M. K. Krishna Menon

M.K. Krishna Menon was a leading Indian gynecologist and obstetrician who was among the first to introduce an effective treatment for the state of eclampsia in pregnancy. His lytic cocktail was the popular mode of eclampsia management until it was superseded by more sophisticated regimes. He was a recipient of the Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.
# Desia language

Desia, also Desiya, Kotia, Adivasi Odia, Desia Odia or Koraputia or Southwestern Odia, is an Indo-Aryan language variety (sociolinguistically considered as a dialect of Odia) spoken in Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada, Malkangiri districts Odisha and in the hilly regions of Vishakhapatnam and Vizianagaram districts of Andhra Pradesh. The variant spoken in Koraput is called Koraputia.
Desia serves as the lingua franca among the different ethnic groups in the area and is the major regional tribal-non-tribal dialect continuum of the undivided Koraput district of the Southwestern Odisha region.

## Phonology

Desia variety has 21 consonant phonemes, 2 semivowel phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.
Desia vowel phonemes :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i | | u |
| Mid | e | | o |
| Low | | a | ɔ |
There are no long vowels in Desia just like Standard Odia.
Desia consonant phonemes :
| | | Labial | Alveolar /Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ɳ | | ŋ | |
| Stop/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
| Stop/ Affricate | voiceless aspirated | | | | | | |
| Stop/ Affricate | voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | |
| Stop/ Affricate | voiced aspirated | | | | | | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s | | | | ɦ |
| Trill/Flap | Trill/Flap | | ɾ | ɽ~ɽʰ | | | |
| Lateral approximant | Lateral approximant | | l | | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | | | j | | |
Desia shows the loss of retroflex consonant like voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ] (ଳ) which are present in Standard Odia, and a limited usage of retroflex unaspirated nasal (voiced retroflex nasal) ɳ (ଣ).
# Ecuadorian Sign Language

Ecuadorian Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas ecuatoriana or de Ecuador, LSEC) is the sign language of Ecuador.

## Classification

Clark notes that Peruvian, Bolivian, Ecuadorian and Colombian sign languages "have significant lexical similarities to each other" and "contain a certain degree of lexical influence from ASL" as well, at least going by the forms in national dictionaries. Chilean and Argentinian share these traits, though to a lesser extent.
# J. Val Klump

Jeffrey Val Klump is an American limnologist. He was the first person to reach the deepest spot in Lake Superior, a depth of 1333 feet (733 feet below sea level), the second lowest point in the United States after Iliamna Lake, on July 30, 1985 while aboard the R/V Seward Johnson with the Johnson Sea Link-II submersible. Klump was also the first person to reach to the deepest point in Lake Michigan as part of the same expedition. He is currently a professor and associate dean at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee School of Freshwater Sciences.
# Hakenberg Victory Column

The Hakenberg Victory Column is a 36-metre tall monument with an observation deck at Hakenberg near Fehrbellin in Brandenburg, Germany.
It was designed by Paul Emmanuel Spieker and built between 1875 and 1879. It commemorates the victory of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, over the troops of occupying Sweden in the Battle of Fehrbellin (1675). It is made out of bricks and sandstone.
# Half-value layer

A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half. HVL can also be expressed in terms of air kerma rate (AKR), rather than intensity: the half-value layer is the thickness of specified material that, "attenuates the beam of radiation to an extent such that the AKR is reduced to one-half of its original value. In this definition the contribution of all scattered radiation, other than any [...] present initially in the beam concerned, is deemed to be excluded." Rather than AKR, measurements of air kerma, exposure, or exposure rate can be used to determine half value layer, as long as it is given in the description.
Half-value layer refers to the first half-value layer, where subsequent (i.e. second) half-value layers refer to the amount of specified material that will reduce the air kerma rate by one-half after material has been inserted into the beam that is equal to the sum of all previous half-value layers.
Quarter-value layer is the amount of specified material that reduces the air kerma rate (or exposure rate, exposure, air kerma, etc...) to one fourth of the value obtained without any test filters. The quarter-value layer is equal to the sum of the first and second half-value layers.
The homogeneity factor (HF) describes the polychromatic nature of the beam and is given by:
$HF={\frac {1^{st}HVL}{2^{nd}HVL}}$
The HF for a narrow beam will always be less than or equal to one (it is only equal to one in the case of a monoenergetic beam). In case of a narrow polychromatic beam, the HF is less than one because of beam hardening.
HVL is related to Mean free path, however the mean free path is the average distance a unit of radiation can travel in the material before being absorbed, whereas HVL is the average amount of material needed to absorb 50% of all radiation (i.e., to reduce the intensity of the incident radiation by half).
In the case of sound waves, HVL is the distance that it takes for the intensity of a sound wave to be reduced to one-half of its original value. The HVL of sound waves is determined by both the medium through which it travels, and the frequency of the beam. A "thin" half-value layer (or a quick drop of -3 dB) results from a high frequency sound wave and a medium with a high rate of attenuation, such as bone. HVL is measured in units of length.
A similar concept is the tenth-value layer or TVL. The TVL is the average amount of material needed to absorb 90% of all radiation, i.e., to reduce it to a tenth of the original intensity. 1 TVL is greater than or equal to log$_2$(10) or approximately 3.32 HVLs, with equality achieved for a monoenergetic beam.
Here are example approximate half-value layers for a variety of materials against a source of gamma rays, according to Iridium-192 radiation decay energy (MeV): Beta 0.67 (49%); Gamma 0.308 (28%); Gamma 0.468 (46%):
* Concrete: 44.5 mm
* Steel: 12.7 mm
* Lead: 4.8 mm
* Tungsten: 3.3 mm
* Uranium: 2.8 mm
# Dárvin Chávez

Dárvin Francisco Chávez Ramírez (born 21 November 1989) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a left-back. He is an Olympic gold medalist.

## Club career

He started his career at Atlas, starting out playing for their second team, Académicos de Atlas, in the Ascenso MX before making his debut for the first team on 11 October 2008 against Monterrey, in a game that ended 0–0. In total he made 61 Primera appearances for Atlas. On 4 April 2018, Chávez joined Finnish second tier side FF Jaro on a deal until the end of the 2018 season. On 13 January 2020, Chávez joined Veikkausliiga club SJK Seinäjoki on a one-year deal. He left the club on 13 November 2020.

## Honours

Monterrey
* CONCACAF Champions League: 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
Veracruz
* Copa MX: Clausura 2016
Mexico Youth
* Pan American Games: 2011
* CONCACAF Olympic Qualifying Championship: 2012
* Olympic Gold Medal: 2012

## Career statistics

Statistics up to date as of 2012-13
| Club | Season | Tournament | League | League | Playoffs | Playoffs | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Tournament | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Atlas | 2008–09 Primera División de México | Apertura 2008 | 6 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Atlas | 2008–09 Primera División de México | Clausura 2009 | 14 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 7 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Atlas | 2009–10 Primera División de México | Apertura 2009 | 14 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | 0 |
| Atlas | 2009–10 Primera División de México | Bicentenario 2010 | 6 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Atlas | 2010–11 Primera División de México | Apertura 2010 | 6 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Atlas | 2010–11 Primera División de México | Clausura 2011 | 15 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Atlas | Total | Total | 61 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 7 | 0 | 68 | 0 |
| Monterrey | 2011–12 Primera División de México | Apertura 2011 | 10 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Monterrey | 2011–12 Primera División de México | Clausura 2012 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 1 |
| Monterrey | 2012–13 Liga MX | Apertura 2012 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | ? | 0 | ? | ? |
| Monterrey | 2012–13 Liga MX | Clausura 2013 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 | ? | ? |
| Monterrey | Total | Total | 23 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 39 | 1 |
| Career totals | Career totals | Career totals | 84 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 107 | 1 |

### International

    As of match played 12 July 2011
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Mexico | 2011 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 3 | 0 |
# Paul Gover

Paul Nicholas Gover (born 12 March 1968) is a former English cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman who played for the Hampshire Cricket Board. He was born at Oxford in 1968.
Gover made his Second XI debut for Hampshire in 1988, playing in the competition until 1994. He played for the Hampshire Cricket Board in the Minor Counties Trophy between 1998 and 2002, and made three List-A appearances for the side, between 2001 and 2002. In three List-A innings, Gover scored 44 runs, including a top score of 34 on his debut performance, against Ireland. His final List-A appearance came against Staffordshire in the 2nd Round of 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was played in 2002.
Between 2002 and 2008, Gover played for Havant Cricket Club in the Southern Premier League and Cockspur Cup, a competition in which the side reached the semi-final in 2005. Following his playing career he has worked as Head of Cricket at Winchester College.