OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of the oldest buildings in Idaho

This article attempts to list the oldest extant buildings surviving in the state of Idaho in the United States of America, including the oldest houses and any surviving structures. Some dates may be approximate and based upon dendochronology, architectural studies, and historical records. Idaho became a territory in 1863, though few structures survive from before this time. All entries should include a citation. To be on this list the building should either have been built before 1890, or be the oldest building of its kind in Idaho.
| Building | Location | Completed | Use | Notes |
| Cataldo Mission | Cataldo | 1853 | Jesuit Mission | Started construction in 1850, built with help from Native Americans using wattle and daub method, using no nails. |
| Pierce Courthouse | Pierce | 1862 | Courthouse | Oldest public building in Idaho, used until 1885 when county seat moved to Murray. |
| John A. O'Farrell Cabin | Boise | 1863 | House | Considered first family home in Boise. |
| Fort Boise Officers Quarters | Boise | 1864 | Officers Quarters | Oldest surviving building of Fort Boise. |
| Fort Boise Surgeons Quarters | Boise | 1864 | Officers Quarters | Includes an 1880 brick add-on. |
| Cyrus Jacobs House | Boise | 1864 | House | Oldest surviving brick building in Boise |
| Rock Creek Store | Rock Creek | 1865 | Store | Built for the Rock Creek stage stop, which was the largest stage stop between Fort Hall and Fort Boise. |
| Christ Chapel | Boise | 1866 | Church | Moved to the campus of Boise State University, now used as a chapel for wedding services. |
| Thomas E. Logan House | Boise | c. 1868 | House | Now located at the Idaho History Museum |
| First Presbyterian Church | Kamiah | 1871 | Church | Built on land belonging to Nez Perce tribe. |
| Assay Office | Boise | 1871 | Assay Office | Built because of a large demand for an Assay Office in Idaho, as mining was a large part of Idaho's industry. |
| Lorenzo Hill Hatch House | Franklin | 1872 | House | Built-in Franklin, Idaho's oldest incorporated town. |
| St. Joseph's Mission | Slickpoo | 1874 | Mission | Closed in 1958 but well preserved with interpretive signs. |
| Joseph Bown House | Boise | 1879 | House | |
| Fort Sherman Chapel | Coeur d'Alene | 1880 | Church | Oldest building in the city of Coeur d'Alene |
| W. H. Watt Building | Hailey | 1882 | Storefront | Today is a jewelry store. |
| Blaine County Courthouse | Hailey | 1883 | Courthouse | Originally made for Alturas County. |
| Fort Lapwai Officers Quarters | Lapwai | 1883 | Officers Quarters | Last surviving building from Fort Lapwai, used during the Nez Perce War |
| Cordelia Lutheran Church | Lenville | 1883 | Church | Oldest Lutheran building in the state of Idaho. |
| Fort Sherman Powder Magazine | Coeur d'Alene | 1885 | Powder Magazine | One of only three remaining structures from Fort Sherman. |
# Diaspidiotus juglansregiae

Diaspidiotus juglansregiae, commonly known as the walnut scale, is a species of armoured scale insect in the family Diaspididae. It is native to North America where it feeds on a wide range of ornamental and forest trees and bushes.

## Description

Adult and young females of this species are nearly circular, the insect being hidden under a tough flattish scale composed of the exuviae from the first two nymphal instars. There are small marginal notches between the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax. The upper surface of the scale is pale grey with a reddish-brown spot, and the underside is yellowish. The adult female is about 3 mm (0.12 in) long while the nymphs are smaller. Male nymphs are similar, except that the scale is oval rather than round; after the last moult, the adult male emerges as a small, winged insects similar to a fly in appearance. Male nymphs sometimes burrow under the rim of a female scale forming a daisy-shaped group.

## Distribution and habitat

Diaspidiotus juglansregiae is native to North America, where it occurs in Canada, the United States and Mexico. It has been found on at least forty genera of ornamental and forest trees and bushes, including walnut, maple, liquidambar, tuliptree, boxwood, camellia, dogwood, holly, cherry, peach and plum.

## Ecology

Second instar nymphs and adult females of this species pierce twigs and branches with their mouthparts and suck sap from the inner bark of the host tree. If there are large numbers of scales, the tree may become water stressed; soft shoots may droop, inner tissues may die back, and the bark may crack. A more serious consequence of infestation by the scale is that it may allow entry of pathogenic funguses of the genus Botryosphaeria, which can cause cankers, dieback and tree death. Natural predators of this scale insect include the tiny beetle Cybocephalus californicus, and the twice-stabbed lady beetle (Chilocorus orbus). Additionally, two small parasitic wasps, an Aphytis and an Encarsia species, lay their eggs inside the scale nymphs.
In Maryland there is one generation per year. Both sexes overwinter as second instars, winged males appearing in April or May, and adult females laying a batch of twenty to forty eggs in June and July, and single eggs sporadically thereafter. The first instar nymphs, known as crawlers, emerged from under the female's scale in late June and moved to new locations, most settling by the end of July, but a few still on the move in September. In Ohio however, there are two generations each year, with both males and females overwintering as second instar nymphs, followed by a prepupal stage in April. In Missouri there may be three generations in the year.
# Blackwater Park (band)

Blackwater Park was a progressive rock band from Berlin, Germany, with an English vocalist. They released only one album, Dirt Box, which included a cover of The Beatles' "For No One". The album was originally released in 1972 and re-released in 1990. The name of the band comes from the name of the gothic mansion setting of Wilkie Collins' The Woman in White.
Mikael Åkerfeldt of Opeth named one of his band's albums after this band.

## Line-up

* Richard Routledge (vocals, guitar)
* Michael Fechner (guitar)
* Andreas Scholz (bass guitar)
* Norbert Kagelmann (drums)

## Discography
### Dirt Box (1972)

* "Mental Block" – 3:18
* "Roundabout" – 5:27
* "One's Life" – 3:09
* "Indian Summer" – 6:16
* "Dirty Face" – 4:30
* "Rock Song" – 8:46
* "For No One" – 3:29 (Lennon–McCartney)
(All tracks accredited to Blackwater Park unless stated)
Total length: 36:00
# Karimabad, Alborz

Karimabad (Persian: كريم اباد) is a village in Tankaman-e Jonubi Rural District of Tankaman District in Nazarabad County, Alborz province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 262 in 70 households, when it was in Najmabad Rural District of Tankaman District, Tehran province. The rural district was transferred to the Central District, and the village was transferred to Tankaman-e Jonubi Rural District in 2008. In 2010, the county was separated from the province in the establishment of Alborz province. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 550 people in 182 households.
# Bo Bonnheim

Bo Bonnheim is a former American football offensive lineman. He played college football for Fresno State.

## Early years

As a senior for Paso Robles High School in the fall of 2010, Bonnheim was named Pac 7 Defensive Lineman of the Year, and was selected for Tribune All-San Luis Obispo County First Team and All-Southern Section Western Division honors.

## College career

Bonnheim began his career with Fresno State as a preferred walk-on, but eventually earned a scholarship.
He became a starting left guard for the Bulldogs midway through his sophomore season, before starting at center in 2014 and 2015.
In 2015, Bonnheim was named to the Watch List for the Rimington Trophy, awarded annually to Division I's top center. In 2016, he qualified for the NFF Hampshire Honor Society list.
# Glycolytic oscillation

In biochemistry, a glycolytic oscillation is the repetitive fluctuation of in the concentrations of metabolites, classically observed experimentally in yeast and muscle. The first observations of oscillatory behaviour in glycolysis were made by Duysens and Amesz in 1957. Glycolytic oscillations are typically induced in dense suspensions of cells exposed to glucose under anaerobic or semi- anaerobic conditions.
The problem of modelling glycolytic oscillation has been studied in control theory and dynamical systems since the 1960s since the behaviour depends on the rate of substrate injection. Early models used two variables, but the most complex behaviour they could demonstrate was period oscillations due to the Poincaré–Bendixson theorem, so later models introduced further variables.

## Mechanisms and coupling

Glycolytic oscillations are driven by feedback within the glycolytic pathway, where fluctuations in metabolite concentrations synchronize with other cellular processes. These oscillations are tightly coupled with mitochondrial membrane potential, mediated by the ADP/ATP antiporter and the F$_0$F$_1$ - ATPase. The ATP/ADP ratio and proton gradients generated by these processes play a central role in this coupling. Experimental evidence shows that inhibitors targeting glycolysis, such as 2-deoxyglucose or iodoacetate, stop both NADH and mitochondrial membrane potential oscillations, highlighting the enzymatic regulation within the glycolytic pathway.
Mathematical models and experimental data further reveal that oscillations in mitochondrial membrane potential are in phase with NADH fluctuations. These synchronized dynamics show how energy metabolism and glycolysis are interconnected, with mitochondrial activity responding to changes in glycolytic flux.

## Role of intracellular ions

Potassium (K$^+$) is essential for glycolytic oscillations, with intracellular K$^+$ concentrations oscillating in phase with NADH, ATP, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Mutants lacking K$^+$ transporters, such as the mitochondrial K$^+$/H$^+$ exchanger Mdm38p or the endosomal Nhx1p, fail to exhibit oscillatory behavior. Introducing the ionophore nigericin restores oscillation in Mdm38p-deficient strains, demonstrating the critical role of K$^+$/H$^+$ exchange in sustaining glycolysis.
Potassium contributes to intracellular pH regulation and enzymatic activity in glycolysis, Reduced extracellular K$^+$ levels decrease the amplitude of oscillations, confirming its importance in regulation.
# Jane Taylor (lawyer)

Jane Taylor is a New Zealand former barrister, chartered accountant and chair of the Board of New Zealand Post. She has held several directorial and board positions across many prominent New Zealand companies.

## Career

Taylor's current appointments include: Board Member at Aotearoa Circle (beginning 2019); Independent Director at Port Otago (beginning 2019); Chair of the Board at Orion Group (beginning 2019); Director at Ontario Teachers Pension Plan New Zealand Forest Investments Limited (beginning 2015); and Independent Director & Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee at Silver Fern Farms (beginning 2013).
Her previous appointments include: Chair of Predator Free 2050; Director of Hirepool Group and OTTP New Zealand Forest Investments; Deputy Chair of Radio New Zealand; and Chair of Landcare Research New Zealand. She was also a board member of the External Reporting Board (XRB).
Taylor was also a Director at Forestry Corporation of New Zealand Limited (1994 - 1996), GNS Science Limited (2008 - 2014), and the Research and Education Advanced Network Limited (2005 - 2011).
She holds honours degrees in Law from the University of Auckland and a postgraduate qualification in Accountancy, Accounting and Finance from Victoria University of Wellington. She also holds a Bachelor of Forestry Science (Hons) from the University of Canterbury. She is a solicitor of the High Court, a member of the New Zealand Law Society, and a member of Chartered Accountants of Australia and New Zealand (CAANZ).
Taylor is a current-resource consent commissioner for the Queenstown Lakes District Council (QLDC) having sat on "about 100 hearings panels" since her first panel in 2006.

## Controversies
### New Zealand Post

In an article published 10 April 2018 in the National Business Review, it was reported that New Zealand Post, on Taylor's watch, was losing its mail delivery volumes faster than predicted. The article was published days after New Zealand Post announced a controversial increase in postage prices. The article also suggested that New Zealand Post was defying the new Labour-led Government by not focusing on providing dividends.

## Personal life

Taylor is a fifth-generation New Zealander, brought up in Coromandel, New Zealand. She attended secondary school in Auckland. She moved to Queenstown from Auckland in 2001. Taylor lives in Queenstown with youngest son and her husband, Mark Taylor, whom she married in 1999 in Arrowtown. She has four children; two with ex-husband Garry Muir, and one with current husband Mark Taylor; one of whom is a doctor at Middlemore Hospital, and another of whom is the chief executive officer and founder of TreeTime App, a non-profit tree planting organization.
# Acheilognathus imfasciodorsalis

Acheilognathus imfasciodorsalis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the genus Acheilognathus, a bitterling. It is endemic to Vietnam.
# The Plains Across

The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants on the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840–60 is a 1979 history book by John D. Unruh, Jr., first published by the University of Illinois Press, about on overland travel across the Great Plains prior to the Civil War. It was a finalist for the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for History.
The book was a revised doctoral dissertation written at the University of Kansas under George L. Anderson and Clifford S. Griffin. It covers mainly the Oregon, California, and Mormon Trails.

## Chapters

    Introduction: The Historians and the Overlanders
    1. Public Opinion, 1840-48
    2. Public Opinion, 1849-60
    3. Motivations and Beginnings
    4. Emigrant Interaction
    5. Emigrant-Indian Interaction
    6. The Federal Government
    7. Private Entrepreneurs, 1840-49
    8. Private Entrepreneurs, 1850-60
    9. The Mormon "Halfway House"
    10. West Coast Assistance
    11. The Overlanders in Historical Perspective.

## Evaluations

The evaluations by professional historians had been highly favorable. Wilbur Jacobs says:
   This volume is unquestionably a major contribution, a tour de force, in the corpus of scholarship on the American West. Any careful reader cannot help but be impressed with the author's persistence in sifting a massive data base to bring us an original, revisionist study on a subject that has occupied generations of able historians of the frontier. Although there is a wealth of detail on almost every one of its five hundred pages, the book still has clarity of style, and a meaningful argument in interpreting the facts.
Martin Ridge says:
   Unruh read the secondary literature from anthologies to pot boilers, combed the newspapers of the great era of the trail-1840-1860-for accounts and perceptions of the West, and analyzed more than ten score diaries, both published and unpublished. Conflicting statements were reconciled; numerical data were corrected; and reminiscences were tested against facts-all with revisionist results, for myths tumble like ten pins in Unruh's retelling of the trail narrative. The nature of Indian-white contact, for example, is less a tale of violence and theft on the plains and more a case of cooperation and assistance by the tribes and diffidence and abuse by whites, especially in the 1840s. Indian violence shrinks in scale as does, for that matter, the level of violence in general within Unruh's double decade paradigm....In all, Unruh concludes, there were more Indians killed by whites than whites killed by Indians.
Earl Pomeroy says:
   His great themes are that emigration was more significantly collective process than individual adventure and that from year to year emigrants depended in- creasingly on the help and experience of others.

## Editions

* Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1979. LoC 78-9781. ISBN 0-252-00698-4
* John David Unruh (1993). The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06360-2.
# 2000 Dallas Burn season

The 2000 Dallas Burn season was the fifth season of the Major League Soccer team. The team made the playoffs for the fifth consecutive year. It would be the final season that Dave Dir was head coach.

## Final standings

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Chicago Fire | 32 | 17 | 9 | 6 | 67 | 51 | +16 | 57 | MLS Cup Playoffs |
| 2 | Tampa Bay Mutiny | 32 | 16 | 12 | 4 | 62 | 50 | +12 | 52 | MLS Cup Playoffs |
| 3 | Dallas Burn | 32 | 14 | 14 | 4 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 46 | MLS Cup Playoffs |
| 4 | Columbus Crew | 32 | 11 | 16 | 5 | 48 | 58 | −10 | 38 | |
| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Kansas City Wizards (C, S) | 32 | 16 | 7 | 9 | 47 | 29 | +18 | 57 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup |
| 2 | Chicago Fire | 32 | 17 | 9 | 6 | 67 | 51 | +16 | 57 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup |
| 3 | MetroStars | 32 | 17 | 12 | 3 | 64 | 56 | +8 | 54 | |
| 4 | Tampa Bay Mutiny | 32 | 16 | 12 | 4 | 62 | 50 | +12 | 52 | |
| 5 | Los Angeles Galaxy | 32 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 47 | 37 | +10 | 50 | |
| 6 | Dallas Burn | 32 | 14 | 14 | 4 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 46 | |
| 7 | New England Revolution | 32 | 13 | 13 | 6 | 47 | 49 | −2 | 45 | |
| 8 | Colorado Rapids | 32 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 43 | 59 | −16 | 43 | |
| 9 | Miami Fusion | 32 | 12 | 15 | 5 | 54 | 56 | −2 | 41 | |
| 10 | Columbus Crew | 32 | 11 | 16 | 5 | 48 | 58 | −10 | 38 | |
| 11 | D.C. United | 32 | 8 | 18 | 6 | 44 | 63 | −19 | 30 | |
| 12 | San Jose Earthquakes | 32 | 7 | 17 | 8 | 35 | 50 | −15 | 29 | |
# Cracked Up

Cracked Up is a 1987 American TV film starring Ed Asner.
It was one of the first films about the crack cocaine epidemic.

## Cast

* Edward Asner as Vincent Owens
* Raphael Sbarge as Chris Mcnally
* James Wilder as John Owens
* Marilyn Jones as Terri Sandusky
* Richard Holden as Ed Sandusky
* Kim Delaney as Jackie
* H. Richard Greene as Coach Frank Malvin
* F J O'Neil as Dr Carl Eckhart
* Terence Alexander as Wilbert Fletcher

## Production

In 1986 a special aired on American TV called 48 Hours on Crack Street. A few weeks later, in October, Aaron Spelling Productions approached writer-producer Peter Lefcourt to make a crack-related projected. "They wanted it to be the first crack movie on," Lefcourt said. "Crack is hot."
The first draft was delivered in January 1987. Filming started on 9 March and the show aired in May.
"I didn't want to make another 48 Hours on Crack Street," said Lefcourt. "Movies have been made about cocaine, and they are so predictable. After a while, the audience's eyes glaze over. They know the kids are going to get screwed up and their parents are going to tear their hair out."
"We hope we've addressed this realistically," said director Karen Arthur. "We want to appeal to the youth audience and hope that through this film, kids who are contemplating putting this stuff in their throats, or have, will gain some courage not to, or to stop."
# West Kington

West Kington is a village in the civil parish of Nettleton, in Wiltshire, England. The village lies in the steeply wooded valley of the Broadmead Brook, a source of the Bybrook River, and is close to the county boundary with Gloucestershire. It is 6 miles (10 km) southeast of the Gloucestershire market town of Chipping Sodbury. In 1931 the parish had a population of 225. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished and merged with Nettleton. The hamlet of West Kington Wick is 0.6 miles (0.97 km) southeast of the village at grid reference ST 8163 7665.

## Buildings

The Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin has a 13th and 15th century west tower. The rest of the church was rebuilt in 1856 to designs by the architect S.B. Gabriel of Bristol. It is Grade II* listed.
The farmhouse called Latimer Manor dates from the 16th century and is also Grade II* listed. It is believed to be named after Hugh Latimer, who had the living of West Kington in the early 16th century.

## Notable people

Hugh Latimer, later Bishop of Worcester, was vicar of West Kington church from 1531, prior to the controversy in the reformation which led to his martyrdom in Oxford.
Television producer Dilys Breese retired to the village and is buried there.

## In popular culture

The music video for the song "The Safety Dance" by the Canadian band Men Without Hats was filmed in West Kington in the summer of 1982.
# Paweł Baranowski

Paweł Baranowski (born 11 October 1990) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a defender for II liga club GKS Jastrzębie, which he captains.

## Honours

GKS Bełchatów
* I liga: 2013–14
Górnik Łęczna
* II liga: 2019–20
# Jim Barber (American football)

James Rettig Barber (July 21, 1912 – January 30, 1998) was an American football tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Boston/Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of San Francisco. Barber made the 1939 NFL All Pro team and was elected to the 1940 NFL Pro Bowl team.

## Post NFL career

Barber joined the Navy during World War II and was stationed at Farragut Naval Training Station. Upon discharge, he became an assistant coach for the football team New York Yankees and Chicago Hornets of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) under head coach Ray Flaherty. In 1949, he became an executive at Bill Hatch Sporting Goods in Spokane, Washington. In 1969, he entered the investment securities business and worked at G.C. George Securities, Inc., Pennaluna & Co., and L.L. Nicholls Co., which he bought and operated until his retirement in 1977.
# Élisabeth Ballet

Élisabeth Ballet (born 11 December 1956, at Cherbourg, in Normandy), is a French sculptor.
She was in residence at the Villa Medici in Rome in 1984 and 1985. She became known in 1985 with two sculptures made out of cardboard, Temple 5/19 février 1985 and Obélisque 4+14. An internationally renowned artist, Élisabeth Ballet now lives and works in Paris.

## Work

Ballet is interested in the combination of abstraction and subject taken from reality. Based on her perception of space, she has defined a program which adjusts her desires and her way of working.
Her work involves questions of movement in space, of the articulation of the outside and the inside, the transition from words to things, from drawing to sculpture, wall to center, plan to volume and more generally from one work to another. Her sculpture represents thought in action; it is totally readable (transparent surfaces, recording of their environment) and keeps the spectator at a distance. In other words, it requires the mind to wander.

## Quote

* "Je sculpte l'espace par l'obstacle, par la limite."

## Exhibitions and achievements
### Solo exhibitions

* 2003 : Vie privée, Kunsthalle Göppingen, Göppingen, (Germany);
* 2004 : C'est beau dehors, Galerie Cent8 – Serge Le Borgne, Paris, France;
* 2004 : Élisabeth Ballet, Centre culturel français de Milan, Milan, Italy;
* 2007 : Sept pièces faciles, Le Grand Café – Centre d'art contemporain, Saint-Nazaire, France;
* 2008 : Lazy Days, Galerie Serge le Borgne, Paris, France.

### Group exhibitions

* 2010 : Group show, Musée Bourdelle, Paris, France;
* 2010 : Spatial City: An Architecture of Idealism, Hyde Park Art Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute of Visual Arts Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA; MONA Museum of New Art – Detroit's Contemporary Museum, Pontiac, USA;
* 2010 : Collection Frac-Basse-Normandie, FRAC Basse-Normandie, Caen, France.

### Fairs, biennials et events

* 2009 : FIAC 09, Grand Palais, Paris, France;
* 2008 : FIAC 08, Parc des expos, Paris, France.

### Collections

* FRAC Bourgogne.

### Public orders

* Two-tone pavement, repeating a lace pattern, Place du Pot-d'Étain in Pont-Audemer.
# The Hope Division (film)

The Hope Division is a 1987 American television film.

## Plot

A black cop teams up with a white cop to track down a serial killer.

## Cast

* Dorian Harewood
* Mimi Kuzyk
* Hattie Winston