OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# K. R. Nagarajan

K. R. Nagarajan is an Indian businessman, philanthropist and industrialist. He is the founder and chairperson of the Ramraj Cotton. Under his leadership, Ramraj stepped into the textile business, predominantly selling white cotton shirts, lungis and dhotis. During his tenure, Ramraj Cotton had gained substantial market shares in the textile industry and gained a reputation as a market leader in the ethnic wear industry.

## Education

He completed his Secondary School Learning Certificate in 1977. However, the cost of higher education was prohibitive for his family, and he instead started working immediately.

## Career

K. R. Nagarajan spent an eighteen-month stint at a dhoti manufacturing firm in Tirupur to gain experience in production and marketing. He used this experience to set up his own small firm named "Ramraj Khadi Traders", combining his name and that of his father, Ramaswamy. At that time, the livelihoods of weavers living in Tirupur area made K. R. Nagarajan sympathise with them and he set up the firm to boost their incomeMore by selling dhoties. He laid the foundation for his dream venture, Ramraj Cotton, with the objective of articulating his keen interest in promoting dhoti, veshti, sarongs, and other Tamil traditional dress suits. He was inspired to establish a Tamil culture-oriented textile brand in order to promote ethnic wear based on his own personal life experiences.
As a young man, Nagaraj recalled a few anecdotes of being disrespected and discriminated against due to his choice of a traditional white shirt and dhoti over the Western office suits of his coworkers. In one case, he was stopped by a watchman from entering a hotel where he and his colleagues were to eat dinner; another example was when a receptionist didn't allow him into the boardroom until he verified his credentials. The memories he gathered on such humiliation and embarrassment, he transformed into a matter of showcasing respect and salute to Dhoti and Veshti by applying a paradigm shift approach with the focus on enhancing the brand value of his company. He compiled an anthem titled Salute Ramraj, and he brought prominent actors and celebrities on board to shoot advertisements to uplift his Ramraj brand with the Salute Ramraj theme being played in the background.
With the advent of his venture, Ramraj Cotton, K. R. Nagarajan aspired to inculcate the Tamil traditional aspects and traditions among the young generation, especially in his home state, Tamil Nadu. He realized that the positive attitude of youngsters in Tamil Nadu towards traditional clothes started diminishing, whereas the youngsters began showing enthusiasm for wearing western-styled clothes. Hence he brought innovative marketing ideas including Ottikko Kattikko pasting dhoties for the convenience of boys and men. His "kattikko illa ottikko" promotional marketing campaign turned out to be a redemption arc in getting the younger generation in Tamil Nadu to adapt to the Tamil cultural norms.
He also published a monthly magazine titled Venmai Ennangal about contemporary social issues.
# Matthew Best (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir Matthew Robert Best KCB, DSO & Bar, MVO (18 June 1878 – 13 October 1940) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, America and West Indies Station.

## Early life

Best was born in Frampton, Dorset, on 18 June 1878, the fifth child and third son of George Best (later the 5th Baron Wynford) and his wife Edith Anne (née Marsh).

## Naval career

Best joined the Royal Navy in 1892. He served in the First World War and fought at the Battle of Jutland in 1916 as Staff Officer to the Commander-in-chief of the Grand Fleet where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). He was appointed Commanding Officer of HMS Queen Elizabeth in 1919 and Commanding Officer HMS Nelson and Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet in 1927, before becoming Commander of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron in the Atlantic Fleet in 1929. He was appointed Admiral Superintendent of Malta Dockyard in 1931 and Commander-in-Chief, America and West Indies Station, based at the Royal Naval Dockyard Bermuda (with his shore residence at Admiralty House Bermuda), in 1934. He was promoted vice-admiral on 13 November 1932 and admiral on 19 June 1936.
He died with the rank of admiral in 1940 at Frampton in Dorset.
# Roy Padilla Sr.

Casimero Bustamante "Roy" Padilla Sr. (Tagalog pronunciation:; March 4, 1926 – January 17, 1988) was a Filipino politician and actor who served as governor of the province of Camarines Norte from 1986 until his assassination in 1988 as a member of Corazon Aquino's UNIDO ticket. He was succeeded by his son, Roy Padilla Jr. He briefly went on to use the name "Carlos Roy Padilla" on his earlier brief stint as an actor and director.

## Early life

Casimero Bustamante Padilla was born at the Mary Chiles hospital in Plaridel, Bulacan on March 4, 1926. His parents were Bulacan governor Jose Padilla Sr. and Ramona Bustamante. Among his half-siblings were Consuelo Padilla Osorio, Carlos Padilla Sr., Jose Padilla Jr., Maria Clara Ruiz and Amado Cortez.
Padilla attended P. Gomez Elementary School, Arellano High School and Manila Law College.

## Career

Padilla was a four-time mayor of the bayside town Jose Panganiban, SSS Commissioner, Vice Governor of Camarines Norte, Representative to Batasang Pambansa and Governor of Camarines Norte.
He was an organizer and National President of National Mines and Allied Workers Union, an epitome in labor unionism in the country with tens of thousands of members, mostly in mining industry, nationwide, at its peak.
He was president after his tenure as vice-president of Miners' International Federation based in England.
He was a delegate of Philippines to International Labour Organization of the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, representing Labor.

## Personal life

Padilla married Loreta O. Aquino in 1946 and had three children. Padilla later married actress Eva Cariño.
According to The Philippine Star, Padilla had children with numerous women that numbered up to 48, including Ronaldo in 1962, Royette in 1962, Rommel in 1965, BB Gandanghari (formerly Rustom) in 1967, Rebecca in 1968, Robin in 1969, and Rodolfo ("Gino") in 1974/1975. He was also the father of politicians Casimiro "Roy" Aquino Padilla Jr. (born 1948), a former governor, congressman and vice governor of Camarines Norte, Ricarte "Dong" Robledo Padilla (born 1965), former mayor of Jose Panganiban and current governor of Camarines Norte, and Casimero "Kuatro" Base Padilla (born 1966), current vice mayor of Jose Panganiban.
On January 30, 1988, 13 days after Padilla's assassination, his son Ronaldo died from a car crash at 25 years old after winning the mayoral election in Jose Panganiban.

## Assassination

Padilla was assassinated in Labo, Camarines Norte by a gunman while campaigning for governor on January 17, 1988, a day before the national elections, with his son Roy Jr. running in his stead. He was 61, and was buried in Camarines Norte.

## Legacy

There is a park named after him in the town of Jose Panganiban.
# Technosol

A Technosol in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a Reference Soil Group that combines soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain either a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), some sort of geotechnical liner, or are sealed by technic hard material (hard material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils, and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes, and constructed soils in human-made materials. Transported natural soil material does not qualify as Technosol and is described with the Transportic qualifier in WRB. Technosols are often referred to as urban or mine soils. They are recognized in the new Russian soil classification system as Technogenic Superficial Formations.
Technosols are developed on materials made or exposed by human activity that otherwise would not occur at the Earth’s surface. They occur primarily in urban and industrial areas, usually in small areas, and can be associated with other soil groups in a complex pattern. They are closely related to Anthrosols, soils created by long-term measures to enhance fertility for agricultural use, like the intensive addition of organic matter to soil, such as an old urban garden.
Most research on anthropogenic soils describes specific aspects of their biology, chemistry or physical properties, cultural heritage and human geography, erosion, wastes, pollution, fertilizer management, and taxonomy. Very few of them, try to answer to the question: How fast do they start pedogenesis (viz., differentiating horizons)? A Technosol could differentiate A and O horizons at rates of more than one centimeter per year. Technosols are found throughout the world, e.g., at or near cities, roads, mines, refuse dumps, oil spills, and coal fly ash deposits.
These soils are more likely to be contaminated than other soils. Many Technosols must be treated with care as they may contain toxic substances from industrial processes.
# Sliding doors moment

The term sliding doors moment became popularised in the late 20th century, meaning seemingly inconsequential moments that nonetheless alter the trajectory of future events.

## Uses

The phrase originated from the 1998 film Sliding Doors, written and directed by Peter Howitt and starring Gwyneth Paltrow, which explores the concept of mundane but pivotal moments holding the possibility to change the course of a person's life. The concept was explored earlier by J. B. Priestley in his 1932 play Dangerous Corner.
Examples of 'sliding doors moments' being used in modern vernacular include:
* Princess Diana's last-minute decision to visit Paris on 30 August 1997, leading to her death after leaving her hotel.
* In relation to the fate of the Australian Labor Party ahead of the July 2018 Australian federal by-elections (colloquially known as "Super Saturday").
* The fortunes of the Croatia national football team ahead of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in which they eventually finished as runners-up despite struggling through qualifying.
* Personal relationships.
* The chequered history of Roxy Music.
* The drop in funding of the NHS.
* A round table discussion on the Set Piece Menu podcast on how football history might have changed if certain key moments had gone differently, such as England’s 1966 World Cup victory masking wider deficiencies in the post-war state of English football, and the seemingly opportunistic 1992 signing of Eric Cantona by then Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, amongst others.
* Bill Simmons frequently declares events to be sliding door moments in the history of the National Basketball Association and its players, teams, coaches and staff on the Bill Simmons Podcast and the Book of Basketball podcast.
* Australian bowler Glenn McGrath injuring himself in the warm-up to the 2nd test of the 2005 Ashes series, meaning he couldn't play in the match. Australia went on to narrowly lose the match, and after levelling the series 1-1 England went on to win their first Ashes series since 1986-87.

## Pop culture references

* Frasier season 8, episode 13, "Sliding Frasiers"
* Broad City season 4, episode 1, "Sliding Doors"
* Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, season 4, episode 9, "Sliding Van Doors"
# Reptilia (zoo)

Reptilia is a collection of Canada's largest indoor reptile zoos, with a combined area of over 84,000 sq ft (7,800 m$^2$) of indoor exhibits featuring over 250 reptiles, amphibians and arachnids.
Currently there are three Ontario locations, one in Vaughan, one in Whitby, and one in London.

## Locations

The original Reptilia zoo was established in Vaughan and is housed in a 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m$^2$) facility. In 2018, it opened a second location in Whitby in a former 31,000 square feet (2,900 m$^2$) Rona store. In late 2018, it announced plans to create similar zoos in London and Barrie. London City Council rejected the proposal for a 28,000-square-foot (2,600 m$^2$) reptile zoo in Westmount Mall. However, the council later reversed course in 2022 and allowed the company to open at Westmount Mall.

## Attractions

About 250 species of reptiles are in the zoo's collection. Among them is Canada's largest crocodile, a 14-foot (4.3 m), 1,200-pound (540 kg) male Nile crocodile named Induna. The zoo also contains 20-foot-long (6.1 m) pythons, anacondas, poison dart frogs, rattlesnakes, and more. About 75% of animals are rescues, with the remainder either born on location or acquired from other accredited facilities. Of the rescues, many are obtained from previous owners who cannot cope with animals that have achieved their adult size, for which the zoo receives "constant calls". The zoo takes in about 75 such animals every year, many of which are later sent to other facilities.
Each location has a theatre area in which the zoo exhibits interactive reptile shows.

## Educational curriculum

Reptilia provides curriculum compliant educational programs from kindergarten to grade 12 along with specialized post secondary programs for first responders, educators, animal control officers and veterinarians. Educational programs are provided at Reptilia, as well as through the transportation of reptiles to various schools to provide lessons in school classrooms. Lessons are typically of 1 hour duration.
Reptilia interacts closely with other educational organizations, supplying reptiles and other supplies to the Ontario Science Centre, helping the Toronto Zoo with their educational programs, and working with many of the schools in the Greater Toronto Area. Reptilia also has a number of classrooms and party rooms that can be rented out for activities such as birthday parties. Each room is named after a different reptile.

## Film industry

Reptilia provides reptiles along with skilled handlers for film productions, photo shoots, and television. Reptilia has provided reptiles for Guinness, Murdoch Mysteries, Canada's Greatest Know-It-All, YTV, Daily Planet, and other shows and productions.
# R28 (South Africa)

The R28 is a provincial route in Gauteng, South Africa that connects Krugersdorp with Vereeniging via Randfontein. The R28 used to connect with Pretoria, but that section of the road is now part of the N14.

## Route

The R28 begins at a 4-way intersection with the N14 national route and the M47 metropolitan route north-east of Krugersdorp, Mogale City Local Municipality (at Cradlestone Mall; midway between Krugersdorp and Muldersdrift) (north-west of Roodepoort). The R28 used to proceed north-east as the route to Pretoria, but that section of the road was given to the N14 national route.
From there, the R28 heads south-west as Paardekraal Drive to pass by the Paardekraal Monument and intersect with the R24 road from Roodepoort in Krugersdorp Central. After the R24 junction, the R28 continues by way of a right turn at Main Reef Road, which is the next junction after the railway crossing. It heads south-west for 10 km as Main Reef Road before intersecting with the R41 road from Roodepoort at Randfontein in the Rand West City Local Municipality. The R28 continues southwards and meets the R559 route in Randfontein's southern suburbs before bypassing the Mohlakeng township.
Afterwards, it proceeds southwards to Westonaria (bypassing Westonaria Central to the east) and meets the N12 Moroka Bypass between Johannesburg south to the east and Potchefstroom to the west. After the N12 junction, it heads south-east as Randfontein Road for about 30 km towards Sebokeng.
Next, the R28 crosses the N1 Kroonvaal Toll Route between Johannesburg and Kroonstad and enters Evaton in the Emfuleni Local Municipality (south of Orange Farm). Right after the off-ramp, it intersects with the R553 from Johannesburg at a t-junction and joins it going southwards as the Golden Highway, passing through western Sebokeng, for 9 kilometres up to the 4-way junction with the R54 road.
At the junction with the R54 road from Potchefstroom, the R28 stops co-signing with the R553 southwards and begins co-signing with the R54 eastwards towards Vereeniging, bypassing Vanderbijlpark. After 6 km, the R54 becomes its own road eastwards (Houtkop Road, bypassing Vereeniging Central), leaving the R28 as the south-easterly road to Vereeniging Central (Boy Louw Street). After crossing the R59 Sybrand Van Niekerk Freeway, the R28 becomes Beaconsfield Road, enters Vereeniging Central and ends at an intersection with the R82 (Voortrekker Street).
# Govind Narayan Singh

Govind Narayan Singh (25 July 1920 – 10 May 2005), was an Indian politician. He was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 30 July 1967 to 12 March 1969. He was also Governor of Bihar state from 26 February 1988 to 24 January 1989.

## Early life

Govind Narayan Singh was born in a Rajput family to Awadhesh Pratap Singh, the first chief minister of Vindhya Pradesh and Maharaj Kumari. He received his PhD from the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in literature.

## Political career

Singh was elected to the Vindhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha in 1951 from Rampur-Baghelan constituency. Later, he was elected to the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha in 1957 and 1962.
He was Deputy Minister of Home Affairs and Deputy Minister of Public Works (Irrigation) from 27 May 1963. From 30 September 1963, to 29 July 1967, the Minister of Local Government in the Dwarka Prasad Mishra ministry.
In 1967, he was elected to the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha as an Indian National Congress candidate but soon rebelled against Dwarka Prasad Mishra and he resigned from the Congress party. He formed a new political party known as the Lok Sewak Dal and became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh as the leader of a coalition, known as the Samyukta Vidhayak Dal. He was the chief minister of the state from 30 July 1967 to 12 March 1969. He returned to Indian National Congress.
He also served a term as the Governor of Bihar state from 26 February 1988 to 24 January 1989.

## Personal life

Singh had five sons and one daughter. Of his sons, Harsh Singh is M.L.A. from Rampur-Baghelan constituency and Dhruv Narayan Singh was an M.L.A. from Bhopal Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency) to Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
# God Loves Fiasco

God Loves Fiasco is the first full-length album by the band Fiasco.

## Track listing

* "Hot House" - 4:02
* "Fed Up" - 1:31
* "Vertical Litter" - 2:16
* "Sir Gentleman" - 1:16
* "Jonathan's Voice Cracks" - 0:05
* "Wild Goose Chase Rag" - 3:23
* "Stargaze" - 7:35
* "Stop That" - 1:21
* "Nothing To Lose" - 3:15
* "0157:H7" - Spy Song" - 2:20
* "Rod Ferrell" - 4:27
* "Disappointment" - 5:49
* "Shot In My Sleep" - 3:55
* "TK-421" - 1:07
* "True Story" - The Aquarium" - 5:17
* "We Think You're Wrong" - 1:34
* "Execute Order 66" - 4:07
* "Red Delicious" - 3:30
* "Song For Ian" - 5:17
* "Jonathan Messes Up" - 0:09
* "You Never Know" - 2:46
* "Träume" - 4:04
* "Don't Mind The Killings" - 9:12

## Personnel

* Jonathan Edelstein - Guitar, vocals
* Julian Bennett Holmes - drums
* Lucian Buscemi - Bass, Vocals
# Douglas Brownrigg

Lieutenant General Sir Wellesley Douglas Studholme Brownrigg KCB DSO (21 April 1886 – 7 February 1946) was a senior British Army officer who became Military Secretary.

## Military career

Brownrigg was educated at Mulgrave Castle and later entered and then graduated from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned into the 1st Battalion, the Sherwood Foresters in 1905. He became adjutant of his regiment in 1910.
He served in the First World War in the 13th Division and fought at Gallipoli in 1915 and then in Mesopotamia during the remaining years of the war. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1916. He ended the war in 1918 as a lieutenant colonel, and had also been mentioned in dispatches six times.
After the War he became deputy assistant adjutant general at the War Office and, after attending the Staff College, Camberley, from 1920 to 1921, then became an instructor at the Royal Military College Sandhurst. He returned to the War Office as a general service officer in 1923 and, promoted in July 1925 to brevet colonel, became assistant adjutant and quartermaster general for the Shanghai Defence Force in China in 1927. He was placed in charge of Administration for the North China Command in 1928. He was promoted to major general in March 1931, shortly after being placed on half-pay. He was appointed commander of the 159th (Welsh Border) Infantry Brigade in 1933 and general officer commanding 51st (Highland) Division in 1935.
He became Military Secretary in 1938 and director general of the Territorial Army in 1939.
He took part in World War II as adjutant-general of the British Expeditionary Force in 1939. He was subjected to some criticism for his erratic orders during the defence of Calais, and was involuntarily retired in 1940.
He was a sector and zone commander for the Home Guard for the rest of the war. In late 1942, Brownrigg was employed as the military advisor for the British film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp. The film was about an officer called Major-General Wynne-Candy, whose fictional career was rather similar to Brownrigg's, as he had served with distinction in the First World War, was forcibly retired after Dunkirk and then had taken a senior role in the Home Guard.

## Personal life

In 1919 he married Mona Jeffreys. Sir Douglas and Lady Brownrigg were keen dog breeders who imported two of the first Shih Tzus into the United Kingdom from China. His memoirs; Unexpected (a book of memories), were published in 1942.
# Hamilton College (Iowa)

Hamilton College was the DBA name of the Iowa College Acquisition Corporation, a company that owns and operates independent for-profit colleges. Hamilton College had seven campuses in Iowa and Nebraska. Iowa College Acquisition Corporation is owned and operated by Kaplan Higher Education, a subsidiary of the Washington Post Company. This is not to be confused with Hamilton Technical College that was founded by Maryanne Hamilton and operates in Davenport, Iowa.
Hamilton College was originally established by Ward Hamilton in Mason City, Iowa, in 1900 as a business school. This makes it the oldest continuously operating college in the state of Iowa specializing in business education. In 1980, Hamilton opened a campus in Cedar Rapids. A third campus was established in Des Moines in 1988.
In 1998, Hamilton College was purchased by Quest Education Corporation, which was acquired in 2000 by Kaplan, Inc. and renamed Kaplan Higher Education Corporation. Shortly thereafter the Nebraska College of Business and the Lincoln School of Commerce, also owned by Quest, were renamed Hamilton College-Omaha and Hamilton College-Lincoln respectively. Hamilton College continued to expand, adding campuses in Cedar Falls in 2000 and Council Bluffs in 2004.
In November 2007, Hamilton College officially changed its name to Kaplan University.

## Athletics

Hamilton students occasionally participated in recreational (bar-league) softball and volleyball. At the Lincoln campus, formerly the Lincoln Business College, there was a basketball team named the Hamilton Aliens.

## Notable alumni

* Louis Boisot, Jr. (1856–1933), lawyer
* Leo Elthon (1898–1967), Governor of Iowa 1954–1955