OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kyle Cranmer

Kyle Cranmer is an American physicist and a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he heads the Data Science Institute. Previously, he was a professor at New York University at the Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics and Affiliated Faculty member at NYU's Center for Data Science. He is an experimental particle physicist working, primarily, on the Large Hadron Collider, based in Geneva, Switzerland. Cranmer popularized a collaborative statistical modeling approach and developed statistical methodology, which was used extensively for the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC in July, 2012.
Cranmer is active in the discussions of data preservation, open access, reproducibility, machine learning, and e-science in the context of particle physics. Cranmer performed a search for exotic Higgs decays in archived data from the ALEPH experiment ten years after the experiment finalized. He serves on the advisory board for INSPIRE, the literature database for high energy physics, and is a member of the Data Preservation in High Energy Physics study group as well as Data and Software Preservation for Open Science.
Since the discovery of the Higgs boson, Cranmer has been a popular choice as a guest on science television programming. In July, 2011, Cranmer appeared in a special episode of Neil deGrasse Tyson's StarTalk Live alongside Bill Nye the Science Guy, Eugene Mirman, and Sarah Vowell. In a special video created for Science Nation, the online magazine of the National Science Foundation, Cranmer was featured discussing the Higgs boson in November, 2012. Cranmer also discussed the discovery of the Higgs boson in a TedxTalk in February, 2013.
Cranmer obtained his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2005 under Sau Lan Wu and his B.A. in mathematics and physics from Rice University. He was a Goldhaber Fellow at Brookhaven National Lab from 2005 to 2007. In 2007, he was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers from President George W. Bush via the Department of Energy's Office of Science and in 2009 he was awarded the National Science Foundation's Career Award. Cranmer is also a graduate of the Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences, and the Arts. He was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2021.
# Hotel Grim (Texarkana, Texas)

Hotel Grim is a restored abandoned hotel in downtown Texarkana, Texas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bowie County, Texas on June 7, 2016.

## History

The original hotel was opened in 1925 named after banking, railroad, and timber magnate William Rhoads Grim. At the time, construction cost 1 million dollars. The hotel had 250 rooms. It contains 103,200 square feet and was the second tallest building in the city when it was built.

### Restoration

Plans for restoration started in 2009. In 2014, assessment for the hotel finished. When Texarkana was visited by the Council of Development Finance Agencies in June 2015, A project response team composed of CFDA staff and technical assistance partners provided expert advice and proposed a redevelopment strategy detailed in the report titled Grim Hotel: Roadmap to Redevelopment. The property was added to the National Historic Registry in June 2016. In July 2016, the Grim Lofts LLC was officially formed by developer Jim Sari. The hotel was also submitted for cleanup funds. In November 2016, the Hotel Grim Lofts project team presented at the Council of Development Finance Agencies National Development Finance Summit in New Orleans, Louisiana during November 2-4th. The session was titled “Hotel Revitalization in the Heartland”. On January 30, 2017, The City of Texarkana, Texas received approval from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development for assistance in the amount of $1,429,000 for the Hotel Grim Lofts Project. The city council approved it on March 13, 2017. Construction finished in February 2024 and the hotel will reopen as "Lofts on the Grim" in summer of 2024.
# Isogamy

Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), and is found in most unicellular eukaryotes. Because both gametes look alike, they generally cannot be classified as male or female. Instead, organisms that reproduce through isogamy are said to have different mating types, most commonly noted as "+" and "−" strains.

## Etymology

The etymology of isogamy derives from the Greek adjective isos (meaning equal) and the Greek verb gameo (meaning to have sex/to reproduce), eventually meaning "equal reproduction" which refers to a hypothetical initial model of equal contribution of resources by both gametes to a zygote in contrast to a later evolutional stage of anisogamy. The term isogamy was first used in the year 1891.

## Characteristics of isogamous species

Isogamous species often have two mating types (heterothallism), but sometimes can occur between two haploid individuals that are mitotic descendents (homothallism). Some isogamous species have more than two mating types, but the number is usually lower than ten. In some extremely rare cases, such as in some basidiomycete species, a species can have thousands of mating types.
Under the strict definition of isogamy, fertilization occurs when two gametes fuse to form a zygote. Sexual reproduction between two cells that does not involve gametes (e.g. conjugation between two mycelia in basidiomycete fungi), is often called isogamy, although it is not technically isogametic reproduction in the strict sense.

## Evolution

As the first stage in the evolution of sexual reproduction in all known lifeforms, isogamy is thought to have evolved just once, in a single unicellular eukaryote species, the common ancestor of all eukaryotes. It is generally accepted that isogamy is an ancestral state for anisogamy. Isogamous reproduction evolved independently in several lineages of plants and animals into anisogamy (species with gametes of male and female types) and subsequently into oogamy (species in which the female gamete is much larger than the male and has no ability to move). This pattern may have been driven by the physical constraints on the mechanisms by which two gametes get together as required for sexual reproduction.
Since it appeared, isogamy has remained the norm in unicellular eukaryote species, and it is possible that isogamy is also evolutionarily stable in multicellular species.

## Occurrence

Almost all unicellular eukaryotes are isogamous. Among multicellular organisms, isogamy is restricted to fungi and eukaryotic algae. Many species of green algae are isogamous. It is typical in the genera Ulva, Hydrodictyon, Tetraspora, Zygnema, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, and Chlamydomonas. Many fungi are also isogamous, including single-celled species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
In some multicellular fungi, such as basidiomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place between two mycelia, but there is no exchange of gametes.
There are no known examples of isogamous metazoans, red algae or land plants.
# Julio Gracia

Julio Gracia Gallardo (born 10 February 1998) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Intercity.

## Club career

Born in El Saucejo, Seville, Andalusia, Gracia joined Real Betis' youth setup in 2013. He made his senior debut with the B-team on 22 August 2015, starting in a 1–0 Segunda División B home loss against Mérida AD.
Gracia scored his first senior goal on 11 September 2016, netting his team's last in a 3–1 away defeat of CD Alcalá. The following 15 March, he renewed his contract with the club.
Gracia made his first team – and La Liga – debut on 10 December 2017, coming on as a second-half substitute for Antonio Barragán in a 1–0 home loss against Atlético Madrid. The following 27 August, he joined FC Cartagena in the third division, on loan for one year.
On 15 July 2019, Gracia joined fellow third division side CD Badajoz on loan for the season. On 17 August of the following year, he moved to another reserve team, Getafe CF B in the same category.
On 29 June 2024, Gracia signed with Intercity in Primera Federación.
# Ana Vasconcelos Martins

Ana Vasconcelos Martins (born 14 March 1985) is a Portuguese jurist, political scientist and politician of the Liberal Initiative who was elected member of the European Parliament in 2024.

## Biography
### Personal life

Martins was born on Terceira Island in 1985, has lived in Lisbon since the age of 7 and now divides her life between Lisbon and Brussels.

#### Academia
##### Catholic University of Portugal

She studied law and political science at the Catholic University of Portugal (UCP) and was a research assistant and publications manager at UCP's Institute for Political Studies.

##### University of Oxford

At the University of Oxford she read for the degree in Political Theory at St Anthony's College, with a particular interest in democratic checks on political power in the Digital Age. As a research associate of the Dahrendorf Programme at Oxford, she contributed to the Europe’s Stories Project whose podcast she also managed and co-hosted. She was a Europaeum Scholar, researching perceptions of democratic participation and belonging in the European Union.

### Politics
#### Entry into Politics

She was the lead candidate of Liberal Initiative (IL), as an independent, for the Azores constituency in the 2019 legislative election. After joining the party, Martins served as a vice president of IL between 2023 and 2025 on the team of Rui Rocha. During this period she headed the party's Policy Research unit, the ILab.

#### European Parliament

For the 2019 European Parliament election, she was an independent candidate in fourth place on the party's list. In 2024 she was elected a member of the European Parliament (MEP) for IL as the second name in a list headed by the party's former leader João Cotrim Figueiredo. As her party is a full member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE), she caucuses with the Renew Europe parliamentary group.

##### EP Committees and Delegations

Martins is a full member of the standing Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food Safety as well as a member of the Delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary Committee and the Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly. Martins is also a member of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and is a substitute member of the standing Committee on Transport and Tourism.
# Holmenkollen Ski Festival

The Holmenkollen Ski Festival (Norwegian: Holmenkollen skifestival or Holmenkollrennene) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.

## History

It takes place in March and has been arranged every year since 1892, except for 1898 and during World War II (1941–1945). The event is arranged by Skiforeningen and takes place at Holmenkollen National Arena and ski jumping hills Holmenkollbakken and Midtstubakken. In 2009 Holmenkollen was under renovation and replacement races were held in Trondheim for cross-country skiing and biathlon, and in Vikersund for ski jumping and nordic combined.
In 2011, Holmenkollen hosted the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and there was no separate Holmenkollen Ski Festival. Previously Holmekollen had hosted World Championships in 1930, 1966, 1982, and it also hosted the Nordic skiing events of 1952 Winter Olympics that were also that year's World Championships. Holmenkollen has also hosted biathlon World Championship events in 1986, 1990, 1999, 2000, and 2002, and hosted it once again in 2016.
# James Cook University Hospital

The James Cook University Hospital, formerly known as the South Cleveland Hospital, is a public tertiary referral hospital and regional major trauma centre in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England with 1,046 beds. It forms part of the South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, along with the Friarage Hospital in Northallerton.

## History

Construction of the hospital began in 1980 on the parkland of the former St Luke's Hospital, Middlesbrough. Officially opened by the Duchess of Kent in November 1981 as a tertiary care centre called South Cleveland Hospital, it later became an extensive hospital with A&E. Its maternity unit was opened by Diana, Princess of Wales in October 1988. The hospital became the James Cook University Hospital in 2001 to reflect the local heritage and growing academic links.
New facilities were procured under a Private Finance Initiative contract to replace Middlesbrough General Hospital, North Riding Infirmary in Middlesbrough and the neuro-rehabilitation unit at West Lane Hospital in 1999. These new facilities were designed by HLM Architects, built on the site by Mowlem at a cost of £96 million and opened in August 2003. The hospital was named after British explorer and Middlesbrough-born James Cook, with an official naming ceremony in April 2001.
In April 2012, the hospital became a major trauma centre for Durham, East Cleveland, Tees Valley and North Yorkshire, participating in the wider Northern trauma network.
In May 2012, a £35 million radiotherapy centre opened at the hospital, unveiled by Princess Alexandra.
In November 2012, a new 3T MRI scanner was opened, in the Neurosciences department. This is a partnership between the hospital and Durham University and in addition to clinical work will undertake research into various aspects of cognition.
In May 2014, the James Cook railway station opened adjacent to the hospital. Located on the Esk Valley line, the station provides access to the hospital via the local rail network.
In March 2015, a new purpose-built IVF unit was opened (complete with its own theatre), it now brings all the reproductive medicine services together in one place.

## Facilities

James Cook University Hospital specialises in the treatment of cancer, heart conditions and neurosurgery as well as housing the regional neonatal intensive care and spinal injury units. More recent developments include the introduction of advanced cardiac mapping technologies for complex radio frequency ablation, and the development of a highly successful Transcatheter Aortic Valve Intervention programme for patients deemed unfit for conventional cardiac surgery.
The hospital is used to teach clinical medical students from Newcastle University Medical School and Hull York Medical School. The hospital also has strong teaching and research links with the School of Nursing and Health at Teesside University.
The hospital also has a floodlit helipad for use by the Great North and Yorkshire air ambulances during daytime and nighttime hours.
# Fernando Orlando Velárdez

Fernando Orlando Velárdez (born January 16, 1981, in San Bernardino, California) is an American professional boxer in the Lightweight division. He's the former USBA Super Bantamweight and WBC Youth World Super Featherweight champion.

## Pro career

In September 2001, Fernando knocked out the veteran David Donis to win the USBA Super Bantamweight championship.

### WBC Featherweight Championship

On May 3, 2003, Velárdez was knocked out by WBC Featherweight champion Erik Morales at the Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## Professional boxing record

| 32 fights | 26 wins | 5 losses |
| By knockout | 8 | 2 |
| By decision | 17 | 3 |
| By disqualification | 1 | 0 |
| Draws | 1 | 1 |
# Benjamin Agus

Benjamin Agus (fl. 1662) was an Anglican priest. He was one of the most distinguished early vindicators of the Nonconformists with Richard Baxter and Vincent Alsop.
He was a native of Wymondham, Norfolk. He entered Corpus College, Cambridge, in 1639 and then proceeded M.A in 1657. In his will, it is said that on 21 May 1683 he was ejected from Chenies, Buckinghamshire.

## Career

Benjamin's works included Vindication of Nonconformity and the Antidote to Dr. Stillingfleet's Unreasonableness of Separation; being a defense of the former.
# Pinus cubensis

Pinus cubensis, or Cuban pine, is a pine endemic to the eastern highlands of the island of Cuba, inhabiting both the Sierra Nipe-Cristal and Sierra Maestra mountain ranges.

## Taxonomy

The closely related Hispaniolan pine (P. occidentalis), native to the neighboring island of Hispaniola, is treated as synonymous by some botanists. Modern systematic studies recognize P. cubensis it as a valid species, nevertheless, there is disagreement about whether the Sierra Maestra populations in the south are part of P. cubensis or conform another species named P. maestrensis.
The Sierra Nipe-Cristal and Sierra Maestra population may have diverged recently, as indicated by recent genetic studies that have found some ancestral genetic lineages that are shared among the two regions and only some rare variants exclusive for each region.
# Kyle Sanders

Kyle Sanders is an American bass guitarist who was a member of heavy metal supergroup Hellyeah and is currently a member of Kerry King's solo band. He previously played for Skrew, Medication, Bloodsimple, and MonstrO. He is the brother of Mastodon bassist Troy Sanders, who he has occasionally collaborated with.

## Biography

Sanders started playing bass in middle school, he taught himself by playing along to his favorite metal bands. His younger brother, Troy, also plays bass because of Kyle. His first notable band was the industrial metal band Skrew.
He was an original member of Medication, alongside Logan Mader (guitar, vocals), Whitfield Crane (vocals), B. Blunt (guitar), and Roy Mayorga (drums). The band recorded one album, Prince Valium (2002), and one self-titled EP.
Sanders was a founding member of Bloodsimple, originally founded under the name Fix 8, alongside members of Vision of Disorder. With the band, he toured alongside Superjoint Ritual, Static-X, Soulfly, and Avenged Sevenfold. Bloodsimple dispanded in 2008 after Vision of Disorder reunited.
After Bloodsimple broke up, Sanders co-founded MonstrO along ex-Bloodsimple drummer Bevan Davies and ex-Torche guitarist Juan Montoya. This band went on hiatus in 2014 after Sanders joined Hellyeah.
Sanders joined Hellyeah in 2014 as a replacement for Bob Zilla. He joined alongside Christian Brady, who replaced founding member Greg Tribbett. Sanders was also joined in Hellyeah by Roy Mayorga, who he had played with in Medication, following the death of founding drummer Vinnie Paul. The band went on hiatus in 2021.
In February 2024, Sanders was announced as bassist for Slayer guitarist Kerry King's solo band, playing on his debut album From Hell I Rise and the single "Idle Hands".

## Personal life

Sanders is the owner of Let There Be Rock School, where students from ages 5–70 are taught, as well as BlackStrap Rock Hall- a music venue geared specifically towards rock & metal genres; both are located in Gainesville, Georgia. He said that he founded this venture to get away from his touring life.

## Discography

* Pierce Dogs – Exes for Eyes (1992)
* Medication – Prince Valium (2002)
* Medication – Medication EP (2002)
* Medication – "Inside" (2002)
* Bloodsimple – A Cruel World (2005)
* Bloodsimple – Red Harvest (2007)
* MonstrO – MonstrO (2011)
* MonstrO – "Anchors Up!" (2011)
* Hellyeah – "Sangre Por Sangre / Cross to Bier" (2014)
* Hellyeah – Unden!able (2016)
* Hellyeah – Welcome Home (2019)
* Kerry King – From Hell I Rise (2024)
# Malkishua

Malkishua (Hebrew: מלכישוע) is a drug rehabilitation centre in the form of a village in north-eastern Israel. Located on Mount Gilboa, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 243.

## History

The centre was established by the National Authority for the War on Drugs and the regional council in 1990, and was named after Malkishua, the son of King Saul, who fell here in the Mount of Gilboa (1 Samuel 31:2). In 1995 a youth treatment facility was added, and in 2002, Kedem, a centre for religious youths, was founded. The centre is today run by "Amutat Neve Malkishua" under the authority of the Ministry of Welfare & Social Services.
Prior to the establishment of the centre, there had been a kibbutz, Meirav, on the mount. However, the kibbutz moved to its present location on Mount Avinadav in 1987.
# Mount Izaak Walton

Mount Izaak Walton is a 12,077-foot-elevation (3,681-meter) mountain summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Fresno County of northern California, United States. It is situated in the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Sierra National Forest. Mount Izaak Walton ranks as the 404th-highest summit in California. Topographic relief is significant as the northwest aspect rises 1,800 feet (550 meters) above Izaak Walton Lake in approximately one mile. It is six miles northeast of Lake Thomas A Edison, and approximately 14 miles (23 km) south-southeast of the community of Mammoth Lakes. The peak is set on Silver Divide, so precipitation runoff from the north side of this mountain drains into Fish Creek which is a tributary of the San Joaquin River, and from the south slope to Mono Creek, also a tributary of the San Joaquin.

## History

This mountain's toponym was proposed in 1919 by Francis P. Farquhar and officially adopted in 1926 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to honor Izaak Walton (1593–1683), an English writer best known as the author of The Compleat Angler. The connection being that the mountain is set at the head of Fish Creek and Izaak Walton was an avid fisherman.
The first ascent of the summit was made July 5, 1971, by Andy Smatko, Bill Schuler, and Ed Treacy.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Mount Izaak Walton is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range.

## Gallery

* South aspect of Mt. Izaak Walton centered at top. To left is parent Evon Benchmark, and to right are Red and White Mountain, Red Slate Mountain.
* Top of Mount Izaak Walton (centered, foreground) with Red and White Mountain (left of center). View from Evon Benchmark.
* Aerial view of Mount Izaak Walton centered. Camera pointed south.
* Izaak Walton
# Ampar, Karnataka

Ampar (also called Amparu/Amparu murkai) is a village located in the Kundapur taluk of Udupi district in the Indian state of Karnataka.

## Geography

Ampar is located approximately 15 kilometres from Kundapura town and is surrounded by rivers and forests. The village has a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by heavy rainfall during the monsoon season and moderate temperatures throughout the year.

## Demographics

Ampar has a population comprising primarily Kannada speaking people, with Tulu also widely spoken. The local economy is largely based on agriculture, with rice, coconut, and areca nut being the main crops.

## Culture and Festivals

Ampar hosts cultural and religious events, with festivals such as Naga Panchami, Deepavali, and Ganesh Chaturthi being significant. The village has several temples, including the Sri Mahalingeshwara Temple, which is a place of worship for the local community.
Traditional art forms like Yakshagana and Bhuta Kola are part of the village's cultural heritage and are performed on special occasions.

## Education

The village has primary and secondary educational institutions. For higher education, students often travel to Kundapura or Udupi.

## Connectivity

Ampar is connected by road to Kundapura and nearby towns. Public and private bus services are commonly used. The nearest railway station is Kundapura Railway Station, and the closest airport is Mangalore International Airport, approximately 100 kilometres away.