OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lynching of Jim and Mark Fox

Jim and Mark Fox were two African-American brothers, who were murdered in Louisville, Mississippi, in 1927. On June 13, 1927, a mob of 1,000 white men from Louisville lynched two African-Americans, Jim and Mark Fox. In the aftermath of the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Fox brothers were working in or for a Red Cross camp, and got into an argument with a white sawmill superintendent, allegedly killing him. The argument apparently concerned work hours. The two brothers were seized by a crowd and paraded through Louisville; then they were tied to a telephone pole, doused in gasoline, and burned alive. An onlooker who tried to help them was pulled away by the crowd.
# 2027 Winter World University Games

The 2027 Winter World University Games, officially known as the 33rd FISU Winter World University Games, is an upcoming multi-sport event for student and youth athletes, scheduled to be held in 2027.

## Interest Parties

The following cities had all expressed an interest in hosting either the 2027 and 2029 Winter World University Games.
* Turin, Italy
* Harbin, China
* Erzurum, Turkey
* Stockholm-Åre-Östersund, Sweden
* France
* Almaty, Kazakhstan
* Lillehammer, Norway
* Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia
* Zakopane, Poland
# Thomas Amyot

Thomas Amyot (7 January 1775 – 28 September 1850) was an English antiquarian.

## Early life

Amyot was born at Norwich on 7 January 1775, of Huguenot descent. Intended for the profession of a country attorney, he became an articled clerk with a Norwich law firm, before spending a year in London to complete his legal education. He then returned to Norwich to begin practice as a solicitor.

## Career

Having made the acquaintance of William Windham, he became that gentleman's agent in the general election of 1802, and a permanent friendship was established between them. Windham lost his seat in Norwich, which he had held for eighteen years, but was impressed by Amyot's abilities, and when he became war and colonial minister in 1806, he appointed him his private secretary. Amyot thereupon gave up his Norwich practice, and moved to London. When Windham died in 1810, Amyot collected his parliamentary speeches; and they were published, preceded by a memoir, in three volumes, in 1812.
By the influence of his political connections and the unbroken friendship of Windham, he obtained in succession several valuable appointments in the colonial department, including Registrar of Slaves, and Secretary and Registrar of Records in Upper Canada, a post in which he had permission to act by deputy. He thus acquired a position of independence, and he devoted the rest of his life to the illustration of English history through the medium of archaeology. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society(1824) and the Society of Antiquaries of London, and, having become treasurer of the latter society in 1823, he very actively promoted its interests. He contributed fifteen papers to the Transactions, and some time before his death he was appointed a vice-president of the society.
Amyot assisted in founding the Camden Society, and was one of its directors from 1839 until his death. He also largely aided the Percy, the Shakespeare, and other literary societies.
Besides those above mentioned, his writings include a description of Tewkesbury Abbey contributed to Vetusta Monumenta (vol. v.), and an edition of The Old Taming of a Shrew, upon which Shakespeare founded his Comedy, for the Shakespeare Society, printed in 1844.
Amyot was a favourite with all who knew him, well informed, accomplished, amiable, industrious. He collected a very fine library, and was always ready to give literary assistance. He died at his home at 13 James Street, Buckingham Gate, London, on 28 September 1850.
Amyot married, about the year 1806, Miss Colman of Norwich, with whom he had eight children. She died in 1848.
# 2011 Chang-Sat Bangkok Open

The 2011 Chang-Sat Bangkok Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bangkok, Thailand between 29 August and 4 September 2011.

## ATP entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RSA | Rik de Voest | 123 | 1 |
| GER | Rainer Schüttler | 124 | 2 |
| RUS | Teymuraz Gabashvili | 129 | 3 |
| GBR | James Ward | 139 | 4 |
| GER | Cedrik-Marcel Stebe | 152 | 5 |
| RUS | Konstantin Kravchuk | 159 | 6 |
| JPN | Yūichi Sugita | 174 | 7 |
| ISR | Amir Weintraub | 196 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of August 22, 2011.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Kong Pop Lertchai
* Kirati Siributwong
* Peerakiat Siriluethaiwattana
* Kittipong Wachiramanowong
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Érik Chvojka
* Riccardo Ghedin
* Gong Maoxin
* Li Zhe

## Champions
### Singles

Cedrik-Marcel Stebe def. Amir Weintraub, 7–5, 6–1

### Doubles

Pierre-Ludovic Duclos / Riccardo Ghedin def. Nicholas Monroe / Ludovic Walter, 6–4, 6–4
# Jeong Gi-ryong

Jeong Ki-ryong (Korean: 정기룡; Hanja: 鄭起龍; 1562–1622) was a prominent Korean general during the Joseon period. He fought against the 1592–1598 Japanese invasions of Korea, and won the battles of Geochang and Geumsan. He was one of those who recaptured the Sangju castle, captured the Japanese general in Goryeong, and recaptured Seongju, Hapcheon, Uiryeong, Kyungju and Ulsan.
Jeong Ki-ryong was born in Jinju, South Gyeongsang Province in 1562. His original name was Jeong Mu-su (정무수; 鄭茂壽). He was the son of Jeong Ho, Fourth State Councillor (Jwachanseong 좌찬성). In 1586, he passed the military examination and renamed Ki-ryong by the King's command.
In 1590, he got to serve as a drill instructor under the Shin Rip, Commander of the Right Gyeongsangdo. When the war broke in 1592, he got promoted to manager, starting to serve under the Cho Gyeong, Marshal of the Right Gyeongsangdo.
At that time, he has recommended to General Cho Gyeong a scheme to check an advance of Japanese army, as a consequence of complying his artifice, they have destroyed 500 of Japanese army in a Battle of Geochang.
He has jumped in the Battle of Geumsan and saved Cho Gyeong who was captured by Japanese army as a prisoner of war.
After then he defended against the Japanese armies' attack at Jeolla province as appointed as the Lord of Gonyang. In succession, after he was appointed the lord of Sangju which was lost by the Japanese army, he reseized that castle of Sangju by fighting with that Japanese army.
As soon as the second war broke out against the Japan in 1597, his Joseon army broke the Japanese army Goryeong and captured the chief of the Japanese army alive. In succession, he reseized many castles such as Seongju, Hapcheon, Chogye, Uiryeong, Kyungju and Ulsan and then was promoted to Commander of the Right Gyeongsangdo.
After he had led the Joseon-Ming combined forces in the year 1598, he swept the remnants of the defeated Japanese army in the areas of Gyeongsang provinces.
General Jeong kept staying in Gyeongsang provinces and prepared to prevent the reinvasion of the Japan, though the war against the Japan ended in the year 1601.
He was promoted as a field marshal (Sanghogun 상호군) in 1610, and after that as an admiral of the fleet he undertook the naval commander of the Three Provinces (Samdo Sugun Tongjesa 삼도수군통제사) and died in camp of Tongyeong in 1622.
# KMRO

KMRO (90.3 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Camarillo, California and broadcasting to the areas of Ventura County and southern Santa Barbara County, California. The station is owned by the Educational Media Foundation and airs a Spanish-language Christian talk and teaching format. It is the flagship station of the religious radio network Radio Nueva Vida. In addition to its extensive network of translator stations, KMRO is simulcast on two full-power repeaters in California: KEYQ (980 AM) in Fresno and KGZO (90.9 FM) in Shafter.

## History
### KMRO

KMRO was first signed on January 19, 1987 by The Association for Community Education, Inc. KMRO is the flagship station of Radio Nueva Vida, a Spanish-language Christian talk and teaching radio network.

### KEYQ

KEYQ first went on the air on October 14, 1957. It was purchased by Americom in 1967. From September 1992 to May 1993, the station held the call letters KFSO, after which it reverted to the KEYQ calls. In 1997, Jonna Hooker sold KEYQ to The Association for Community Education, Inc. for $200,000.

### KGZO

The station signed on July 19, 1993, as KLOD; it was owned by High Adventure Ministries, Inc. KLOD changed its call sign to KGZO on April 5, 1996. In 1997, High Adventure Ministries sold KGZO to The Association for Community Education for $240,000.

### EMF acquires Nueva Vida

In December 2024, the Educational Media Foundation reached an agreement to take over the Association for Community Education as its sole member, continuing its activities as a subsidiary. This will therefore result in the acquisition of its stations (including KMRO, KEYQ and KGZO) by the EMF pending FCC approval; the transaction will have no financial consideration. The acquisition was completed on February 7, 2025.

## Translators

KMRO is relayed by these translators to widen its broadcast area:
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | State | Facility ID |
| K235BX | 94.9 FM | Calexico | California | 142606 |
| K217EF | 91.3 FM | Desert Center | California | 93605 |
| K251AH | 98.1 FM | Grand Terrace | California | 83340 |
| K209FV | 89.7 FM | Los Banos | California | 89028 |
| K295AI | 106.9 FM | Muscoy | California | 86384 |
| K217CQ | 91.3 FM | Salinas | California | 84386 |
| K211DK | 90.1 FM | Santa Ana | California | 83327 |
| K269EW | 101.7 FM | Santa Maria | California | 142365 |
| K219DK | 91.7 FM | Victorville | California | 85689 |
# 1943 National Invitation Tournament

The 1943 National Invitation Tournament was the 1943 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.

## Selected teams

Below is a list of the eight teams selected for the tournament.
* Creighton
* Fordham
* Manhattan
* Rice
* St. John's
* Toledo
* Washington & Jefferson
* Western Kentucky

## Bracket

Below is the tournament bracket.
| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| St. John's | St. John's | 51 | | | | | | |
| Rice | Rice | 49 | | | | | | |
| Rice | Rice | 49 | St. John's | St. John's | 69 | | | |
| | | | Fordham | Fordham | 43 | | | |
| Fordham | Fordham | 60 | Fordham | Fordham | 43 | | | |
| Western Kentucky | Western Kentucky | 58 | | | | | | |
| Western Kentucky | Western Kentucky | 58 | | | | St. John's | St. John's | 48 |
| | | | | | | Toledo | Toledo | 27 |
| Toledo | Toledo | 54 | | | | | | | Toledo | Toledo | 27 |
| Manhattan | Manhattan | 47 | | | | | | |
| Manhattan | Manhattan | 47 | Toledo | Toledo | 46 | | | |
| | | | Washington & Jefferson | Washington & Jefferson | 39 | | | |
| Washington & Jefferson | Washington & Jefferson | 43 | Washington & Jefferson | Washington & Jefferson | 39 | | | |
| Creighton | Creighton | 42 | | | | | | |
| Third place game | Third place game | Third place game |
| Fordham | Fordham | 34 |
| Washington & Jefferson | Washington & Jefferson | 39 |
# Constantino Reyes-Valerio

Constantino Reyes-Valerio (January 10, 1922, Zinacatepec, Puebla - December 13, 2006, Mexico City) was a prominent Mexican scholar of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, particularly the Aztec and the Maya as well as the Colonial Art.

## Life and career

In 1947 he arrived in Mexico City, where five years later he obtained a Master's degree in Bacteriological Chemistry and Parasitology at the National Polytechnic Institute.
Reyes-Valerio identified the artistic contribution of Native Mexican Indians in the Colonial painting and sculpture; he coined the term Indochristian art. Another major contribution was his seminal work on the chemical composition and process of the Maya Blue Pigment where he re-discovered the technique used by the Maya to create the famous turquoise blue pigment. He was granted a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1972 for Fine Arts Research. He corresponded extensively with major scholars in Mexico and abroad such as George Kubler, Santiago Sebastian and Enrique Marco Dorta among others. In 2000, he was named Emeritus Researcher by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.
In April 2009, a special edition of the INAH bulletin (Boletin de Monumentos Historicos Num 12 enero-abril 2008) was published as an in memoriam edition dedicated to Constantino Reyes-Valerio. Several important researchers, Miguel Leon-Portilla, Alfredo López Austin, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, Giacomo Chiari, Carlos Navarrete Cáceres, Beatriz Barba Ahuatzin, Dora Sierra, Guillermo Tovar y de Teresa, Manuel Sanchez del Rio, Rosa Camelo among others contributed with articles to this bulletin.
He was a very active photographer and took the photographs for several books and to the general archive of the INAH. In 2009, his contribution was recognised by naming the Photographic Archive of the "Coordinacion Nacional de Monumentos Culturales" of INAH with his name.
He received several awards, including the Guggenheim Fellowship, the Rafael Ramirez Prize granted by the S.E.P., Premio Francisco Javier Clavijero granted by INAH and the Emeritus Researcher degree by INAH as well.
He died on December 13, 2006 in Mexico City.

## Related links

* Maya Blue
* Indochristian art
# Manges Cabin

The Manges Cabin in Grand Teton National Park, also known as the Old Elbo Ranch Homestead Cabin, Mangus Cabin and the Taggart Creek Barn, was built in 1911 by James Manges. Manges was the second settler on the west side of the Snake River after Bill Menor, setting up a homestead near Taggart Creek. James Manges (or Mangus) arrived in Jackson Hole in 1910, where he cut wood for Charles or William Wort. Manges' cabin is stated to have been the first two-story structure in the northern part of the valley. A root cellar was excavated beneath. The log and frame structure features wide eaves to keep the winter snow away from the walls. It was heated in winter by a single stove, with one room on each level.
The cabin became part of Manges's ranch, which took on the character of a dude ranch with guest cabins. In 1926 Manges sold 40 acres (16 ha) of the ranch to neighbor Frank Williams, who expanded the Double Diamond Dude Ranch with partner Joseph Clark Jr.

## Elbo Ranch

In 1926 Californian Chester Goss bought the property, as well as the neighboring Frank and Albert Bessette ranches. Goss, amassing a total of 423 acres (171 ha), expanded the accommodations and built a rodeo ground, racetrack, baseball field and store and renaming the property the Elbo Ranch. The Elbo's advertising called it "The Home of the Hollywood Cowboy." The Snake River Land Company bought the Elbo ranch in 1929 as part of its work to assemble lands in Jackson Hole for preservation in an expanded national park. The SRLC allowed the National Park Service to use some Elbo Ranch cabins for employee housing. Harry Epenscheid operated the ranch in 1942, and Katie Starratt leased the Elbo from the late 1940s until 1958, when her operation and the Elbo name moved to the Ramshorn.
The ranch was acquired by the Park Service in 1956 and was used as employee housing. By 1973 the Park Service had removed most of the structures and was using the cabin as a barn. The Manges Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# Table tennis at the 1995 Pan American Games
## Events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles details | Hugo Hoyama Brazil | Cláudio Kano Brazil | James Butler United States |
| Men's singles details | Hugo Hoyama Brazil | Cláudio Kano Brazil | Horatio Pintea Canada |
| Women's singles details | Lijuan Geng Canada | Lily Yip United States | Barbara Chiu Canada |
| Women's singles details | Lijuan Geng Canada | Lily Yip United States | Diana Gee United States |
| Men's doubles details | Brazil Hugo Hoyama Cláudio Kano | Argentina Pablo Tabachnik Martin Paradela | Canada Joe Ng Horatio Pintea |
| Men's doubles details | Brazil Hugo Hoyama Cláudio Kano | Argentina Pablo Tabachnik Martin Paradela | Chile Juan Papic Juan Salamanca |
| Women's doubles details | Canada Geng Lijuan Barbara Chiu | Chile Sofija Tepes Jackelin Díaz | United States Tawny Banh Wei Wang |
| Women's doubles details | Canada Geng Lijuan Barbara Chiu | Chile Sofija Tepes Jackelin Díaz | Chile Berta Rodríguez Ursula Macaya |
| Mixed doubles details | Canada Horatio Pintea Geng Lijuan | Cuba Francisco Arado Madeleine Armas | Brazil Hugo Hoyama Lívia Kosaka |
| Mixed doubles details | Canada Horatio Pintea Geng Lijuan | Cuba Francisco Arado Madeleine Armas | Canada Joe Ng Barbara Chiu |
| Men's team details | Brazil Cláudio Kano Hugo Hoyama Carlos Kawai Silnei Yuta | United States James Butler Sean O'Neill Chi-Sun Chui Derek May | Canada Joe Ng Horatio Pintea Francis Trudel D. Su |
| Women's team details | Canada Geng Lijuan Barbara Chiu Chris Xu Petra Cada | United States Diana Gee Lily Yip Tawny Banh Wei Wang | Cuba Madeleine Armas Yolaisdis García Marisel Ramírez Yolanda Rodriguez |

## Medal table

| Place | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | Canada | 4 | 0 | 5 | 9 |
| 2 | Brazil | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 3 | United States | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 4 | Chile | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | Cuba | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Argentina | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 7 | 7 | 12 | 26 |
# List of 2024–25 Rugby Pro D2 transfers

This is a list of player transfers involving Rugby Pro D2 teams before or during the 2024–25 season. The list is of deals that are confirmed and are either from or to a rugby union team in the Pro D2 during the 2023–24 season. It is not unknown for confirmed deals to be cancelled at a later date.
# Weightlifting at the 1967 Pan American Games
## Men's competition
### Bantamweight (– 56 kg)

* FINAL
* Fernando Báez Cruz (PUR)
* Anthony Phillips (BAR)
* Martin Dias (GUY)

### Featherweight (– 60 kg)

* FINAL
* Walter Imahara (USA)
* Manuel Mateos (MEX)
* Idelfonso Lee (PAN)

### Lightweight (– 67.5 kg)

* FINAL
* Pastor Rodríguez (CUB)
* Hugo Gittens (TRI)
* Arnaldo Muñoz (CUB)

### Middleweight (– 75 kg)

* FINAL
* Russell Knipp (USA)
* Koji Michi (BRA)
* Luiz de Almeida (BRA)

### Light-heavyweight (– 82.5 kg)

* FINAL
* Joseph Puleo (USA)
* Ángel Pagán (PUR)
* Pierre St.-Jean (CAN)

### Middle-heavyweight (– 90 kg)

* FINAL
* Phillip Grippaldi (USA)
* Paul Bjarnason (CAN)
* Andrés Martínez (CUB)

### Heavyweight (+ 90 kg)

* FINAL
* Joseph Dube (USA)
* Ernesto Varona (CUB)
* Brandon Bailey (TRI)

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | Cuba | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | Puerto Rico | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Brazil | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Canada | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | Barbados | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Mexico | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | Guyana | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 9 | Panama | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (10 entries) | Totals (10 entries) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 21 |
# Jeremy Gruber

Jeremy Gruber is a lawyer, writer, and public policy advocate and is the senior vice president at Open Primaries. He regularly testifies before state legislatures on bills to open the primaries. He is the former President and Executive Director of the Council for Responsible Genetics. He has testified before the United States Congress on genetic privacy and discrimination issues. He was a leader of the successful effort to enact the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act as well as a number of state laws that preceded it and led the successful campaign to roll back a controversial student genetic testing program at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2011, Gruber led an effort to successfully enact CalGINA-a California law that extends genetic privacy and nondiscrimination protections into areas such as life, long term care, and disability insurance, mortgages, elections and other areas.
Gruber is a founder of the Let Us Vote campaign to build a national community of independent voters and regularly writes and speaks on the second-class status of independent voters. He is author of the reports The Myth of the Red State Policy Over Party in the Nebraska State Capitol and The Next Great Migration: The Rise of Independent Voters in America. He is also an author of the law review article Let All Voters Vote: Independents and the Expansion of Voting Rights in the United States. He is a founder and executive committee member of the Coalition for Genetic Fairness and the Pew Project on the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). He is an author of the books Genetic Explanations: Sense and Nonsense published by Harvard University Press, Biotechnology in Our Lives published by Skyhorse Publishing, and The GMO Deception by Skyhorse Publishing.
Gruber received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from St. John's University School of Law School of Law and a B.A. in Politics from Brandeis University. Previously, he worked as the field director for ACLU's National Taskforce on Civil Liberties in the Workplace and then as legal director for the National Workrights Institute.
# Kang Hang

Kang Hang (Korean: 강항; Hanja: 姜沆; 1567–1618) was a Korean philosopher who was taken prisoner by the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1597. He was taken to Japan where he was influential in passing on neo-Confucianist ideas to the people of Japan.
# Enol ether

In organic chemistry an enol ether is an alkene with an alkoxy substituent. The general structure is R$_2$C=CR-OR where R = H, alkyl or aryl. A common subfamily of enol ethers are vinyl ethers, with the formula ROCH=CH$_2$. Important enol ethers include the reagent 3,4-dihydropyran and the monomers methyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether.

## Reactions and uses

Akin to enamines, enol ethers are electron-rich alkenes by virtue of the electron-donation from the heteroatom via pi-bonding. Enol ethers have oxonium ion character. By virtue of their bonding situation, enol ethers display distinctive reactivity. In comparison with simple alkenes, enol ethers exhibit enhanced susceptibility to attack by electrophiles such as Bronsted acids. Similarly, they undergo inverse demand Diels-Alder reactions.
The reactivity of enol ethers is highly dependent on the presence of substituents alpha to oxygen. The vinyl ethers are susceptible to polymerization to give polyvinyl ethers. They also react readily with thiols in the thiol-ene reaction to form thioethers. This makes enol ether-functionalized monomers ideal for polymerization with thiol-based monomers to form thiol-ene networks.
Some vinyl ethers find some use as inhalation anesthetics. Enol ethers bearing α substituents do not polymerize readily. They are mainly of academic interest, e.g. as intermediates in the synthesis of more complex molecules.
The acid-catalyzed addition of hydrogen peroxide to vinyl ethers gives the hydroperoxide:
    C$_2$H$_5$OCH=CH$_2$ + H$_2$O$_2$ → C$_2$H$_5$OCH(OOH)CH$_3$
Nazi Germany used vinyl ether mixtures as rocket propellants during WWII, because their hypergolic combustion with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids is relatively insensitive to temperature.$^{:16}$

## Preparation

Vinyl ethers can be prepared from alcohols by iridium-catalyzed transesterification of vinyl esters, especially the widely available vinyl acetate:
    ROH + CH$_2$=CHOAc → ROCH=CH$_2$ + HOAc
Vinyl ethers can be prepared by reaction of acetylene and alcohols in presence of a base.
Although enol ethers can be considered the ether of the corresponding enolates, they are not prepared by alkylation of enolates. Some enol ethers are prepared from saturated ethers by elimination reactions.

## Occurrence in nature

A prominent enol ether is phosphoenol pyruvate.
The enzyme chorismate mutase catalyzes the Claisen rearrangement of the enol ether called chorismate to prephenate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine.
Batyl alcohol and related glycyl ethers are susceptible to dehydrogenation catalyzed unsaturases to give the vinyl ethers called plasmalogens:
    HOCH$_2$CH(OH)CH$_2$OC$_{18}$H$_{37}$ + [O] → HOCH$_2$CH(OH)CH$_2$OCH=CHC$_{16}$H$_{35}$ + H$_2$O