OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tueller Drill

The Tueller Drill is a self-defense training exercise to prepare against a short-range knife or melee attack when armed only with a holstered handgun.

## History

Sergeant Dennis Tueller of the Salt Lake City Police Department wondered how quickly an attacker with a knife, or other melee weapon, could cover 21 feet (6.4 m), so he timed volunteers as they raced to stab the target. He determined that it could be done in 1.5 seconds. These results were first published as an article in SWAT magazine in 1983 and in a police training video by the same title, "How Close Is Too Close?"
The "21-foot rule" has been implemented in some police department policies, and was the focus of a dissent in the excessive force case Buchanan v. City of San Jose where police officers shot a knife wielding person at a distance of 55 feet.
MythBusters covered the drill in the 2012 episode "Duel Dilemmas". At 20 ft (6.1 m), the gun-wielder was able to shoot the charging knife attacker just as he reached the shooter. At shorter distances the knife wielder was always able to stab prior to being shot.

## Drills

A defender with a weapon has a dilemma. If he shoots too early, he risks being accused of murder. If he waits until the attacker is definitely within striking range so there is no question about motives, he risks injury and even death. The Tueller experiments quantified a "danger zone" where an attacker presented a clear threat.
The Tueller Drill combines both parts of the original time trials by Tueller. There are several ways it can be conducted:
* The (simulated) attacker and shooter are positioned back-to-back. At the signal, the "attacker" sprints away from the shooter, and the shooter unholsters his gun and shoots at the target 21 feet (6.4 m) in front of him. The attacker stops as soon as the shot is fired. The shooter is successful only if his shot is good and if the runner did not cover 21 feet (6.4 m).
* A more stressful arrangement is to have the attacker begin 21 feet (6.4 m) behind the shooter and run towards the shooter. The shooter is successful only if he was able take a good shot before he is tapped on the back by the attacker.
* If the shooter is armed with only a training replica gun, a full-contact drill may be done with the attacker running towards the shooter. In this variation, the shooter should practice side-stepping the attacker while he is drawing the gun.
# Queens University of Charlotte

The Queens University of Charlotte is a private university in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It has approximately 1,900 undergraduate and graduate students. Established in 1857, the university offers 34 undergraduate majors and 10 graduate programs. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).

## History

Founded in 1857 as the Charlotte Female Institute, this private school was originally located at College and 9th streets in what is now Uptown Charlotte. It was started and operated by Rev. Robert Burwell and his wife Margaret Anna Burwell. Elizabeth Webb Long operated the school as Long's Seminary from 1891 to 1896. The school affiliated with the Presbyterian Synod of North Carolina in 1896 and changed its name to the Presbyterian College for Women. This liberal arts college moved to 600-616 North College Street on the corner of 9th Street in Charlotte.
The college moved to fifty-acres in Myers Park in 1912 and changed its name to Queen's College. Its trustees selected the Queen's College name to commemorate a school established in North Carolina in 1771, before being disallowed by the British Crown the next year. They hoped this would inspire more interest in the college.
In 1930, it merged with Chicora College for Women, previously located in Columbia, South Carolina. As part of the merger, Chicora sold all of its assets and turned over the proceeds to Queens College; the latter agreed to archive Chicora's records relating to students and alumni. The merged institution was called Queens-Chicora College from 1930 to 1939.
Daniel G. Lugo assumed the role of Queens' 21st president on July 1, 2019, after the retirement of Dr. Pamela Davies, who led Queens for 17 years.
In 2020, the board of trustees voted unanimously to rename Burwell Hall, which had been named in 1914 after Margaret Anna Burwell, the wife of Robert Burwell, to Queens Hall. Burwell was the first head of Queens and the building was renamed because the couple were slaveowners.

## Athletics

Queens University of Charlotte's athletic teams are called the Queens Royals; their mascot is named Rex. Queens is a member of the NCAA's Division I program nationally; regionally, the Royals participate in the ASUN Conference.

### Men's sports

Men's athletic teams include baseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross-country, golf, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, swimming, tennis, track & field, volleyball, and triathlon.

### Women's sports

Women's athletic teams include basketball, cheerleading, dance, cross-country, equestrian, field hockey, golf, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track & field, volleyball, and triathlon.

## Notable people

* Betsy Byars (1928–2020), Newbery Medal-winning author of children's books (e.g., Summer of the Swans)
* Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston (1851–1934), philanthropist and social worker
# Families First of Georgia

Families First is a non-profit family service agency that serves the State of Georgia and assists over 40,000 children and families each year with solutions that aim to improve child well-being and family self-sufficiency.

## History

Founded in 1890 as an orphanage on what is now the Spelman College Campus, Families First become the first licensed adoption agency in the State of Georgia in 1937. Families First continued to pioneer in child welfare, opening the state’s first group home in 1964 and developing a national curriculum for divorcing parents in 1989.

## Mission

Since its inception in 1890, the agency has addresses community needs such as abandoned, abused and neglected children; teen pregnancy; domestic violence; poverty; health issues; and homelessness.
Families First's mission is to build resilient families so all children can thrive. The agency aims to focus on three impact areas:
* Lucy C. Vance Center for Behavioral Health: Individual, Group, Family, and Couples Counseling (ages 4+), Morehouse School of Medicine Psychiatry Clinic (ages 0-21), Emory University School of Medicine Center for Resiliency (ages 0-5),
* Navigator Services: Community Navigator (Community & Career Resource Connections and Wrap-around Services) and Navigator 2-Gen Model (Maternal Child Health, Teenage Pregnancy & Parenting, and Chispa - Early Learning)
* Parenting and Adoption Support Services: Georgia Center for Resources and Support (for adoptive and guardian families), Georgia Adoption Reunion Registry, Access and Visitation, and Impact Hub Classes (a parent development training course for pre- and post-adoptive and foster families).
# Honda Dualnote

The Honda Dualnote (also branded as the Acura DN-X) was a hybrid sports car concept that was initially unveiled at Japan's Tokyo Motor Show in 2001.
The Dualnote was powered by a 3.5 litres (213.6 cu in) double overhead camshaft (DOHC) i-VTEC V6 motor with Honda's Integrated Motor Assist electric hybrid system. This engine setup was estimated to produce 400 horsepower (298 kW; 406 PS) while still being capable of fuel efficiency of approximately 18 km/L (51 mpg$_{‑imp}$; 42 mpg$_{‑US}$) (5.6 L/100 km).

## Media

It has appeared in Gran Turismo Concept up until Gran Turismo 6. It has not appeared in the Gran Turismo series since.
# Islamic Republic of Iran News Network

The Islamic Republic of Iran News Network (IRINN), (In Persian: شبکه خبر جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is an Iranian news channel, part of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting corporation, headquartered in the Jame Jam Park in Tehran, Iran. The main programs are political, but sports, science and medical news programs also exist. Its language is mainly in Persian; Although, in the early years of its launch, programs in English and Arabic were also broadcast on this network.
From August 2022, with the launch of the second channel of the IRINN network for live broadcasting of news events, various events in Iran and the world will also be broadcast live on this channel for the audience.

## Notable publications
### June 22, 2021

On June 22, 2021, the US department of justice seized 33 Iranian websites, which they claimed were "spreading disinformation". A statement by IRINN said, the move appeared to be part of a larger-scale crackdown by the U.S. on news websites linked to the “Axis of Resistance”.

### October 10, 2022

During the 2022 Iran Protests, a Hacktivist group called "Edalaat-e-Ali" hacked the News Network, targeting Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and showing 4 women who were victims of allegedly not covering their hair, especially Mahsa Amini, who were featured in the hacked footage scene during the news bulletin.
# Alison Mercer

Alison Ruth Mercer ONZM (born 1954) is a New Zealand zoologist based at the University of Otago, with a particular interest in the brain physiology of bees. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022.

## Education

Mercer received her PhD in zoology in 1979 from the University of Otago. Her thesis Visceral innervation in molluscs was concerned with molluscs.

## Academic career

She has been an emeritus professor at the University of Otago since 2018. Her research interests span from understanding the brain and behaviour of honey bees, development genetics, as well as learning and memory.
She has repeatedly made headlines in the popular press with her studies of the effects of chemicals on bees. She was nicknamed the "Queen of all pheromones" by Otago Daily Times for her work in discovering that exposing a young bee to the pheromone of a queen bee actually alters the composition of the young bee's brain. She has also published on the varroa mite a problematic parasite of honeybees.

## Awards and honours

In the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours, Mercer was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to science.
In 2022, Mercer was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

## Selected works

* Fanny Mondet; Joachim R de Miranda; Andre Kretzschmar; Yves Le Conte; Alison R. Mercer (21 August 2014). "On the front line: quantitative virus dynamics in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies along a new expansion front of the parasite Varroa destructor". PLOS Pathogens. 10 (8): e1004323. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.1004323. ISSN 1553-7366. PMC 4140857. PMID 25144447. Wikidata Q34075803.
* A.R. Mercer; R. Menzel (1982). "The effects of biogenic amines on conditioned and unconditioned responses to olfactory stimuli in the honeybeeApis mellifera". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 145 (3): 363–368. doi:10.1007/BF00619340. ISSN 0340-7594. Wikidata Q111108991.
* Daniel Flanagan; Alison R. Mercer (January 1989). "An atlas and 3-D reconstruction of the antennal lobes in the worker honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera : Apidae)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 18 (2–3): 145–159. doi:10.1016/0020-7322(89)90023-8. ISSN 1467-8039. Wikidata Q111108979.
* Kyle T Beggs; Kelly A Glendining; Nicola M Marechal; Vanina Vergoz; Ikumi Nakamura; Keith N Slessor; Alison R Mercer (7 February 2007). "Queen pheromone modulates brain dopamine function in worker honey bees". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (7): 2460–2464. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.2460B. doi:10.1073/PNAS.0608224104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1892986. PMID 17287354. Wikidata Q35844683.
# Downtempo

Downtempo (or downbeat) is a broad label for electronic music that features an atmospheric sound and slower beats than would typically be found in dance music. Closely related to ambient music but with greater emphasis on rhythm, the style may be played in relaxation clubs or as "warm-up or cool-down" music during a DJ set. Examples of downtempo subgenres include trip hop, ambient house, chillwave, psybient and lofi hip hop.
The style emerged in the late 1980s with the UK's Bristol scene that birthed artists like Massive Attack, Portishead, and Tricky. In the 1990s, the style was heard internationally in artists such as Kruder & Dorfmeister, Fila Brazillia, and Thievery Corporation. Other prominent artists to emerge in the style include Underworld, Orbital, Fluke, Boards of Canada, Nicolas Jaar, and Bonobo.

## Characteristics

Downtempo music is a broad genre but is united by several characteristics:
* Atmospheric sound: artists focus more on layered sounds and mood than on catchy melodies or riffs
* Slow beats: songs typically feature beats around 90 BPM
* Gentle melodies: artists typically include more melodic phrases than straightforward ambient music

## History

Downtempo emerged from the UK's late-1980s Bristol sound, which developed a slow, psychedelic fusion of hip hop with electronic music known as "trip hop" and birthed artists such as Massive Attack, Portishead, and Tricky. The 1990s brought on a wave of slower paced music which was played throughout chillout rooms—the relaxation sections of the clubs or dedicated sections at electronic music events. UK act Nightmares on Wax helped to pioneer downtempo electronica in the early 1990s, drawing on dub reggae and hip-hop. Downtempo music also started to surface around Ibiza, when DJs and promoters would bring down the vibe with slower rhythm and gentler electronic music upon approaching sunrise. At the end of the 1990s a more melodic instrumental electronica incorporating acoustic sounds with electronic styles emerged under its own umbrella name of downtempo.
In the late 1990s, the Austrian duo Kruder & Dorfmeister popularized the style with their downtempo remixes of pop, hip-hop, and drum and bass tracks with influences of the '70s soul jazz. Britons Steve Cobby and Dave McSherry, producing under the name Fila Brazillia, released a handful of downtempo, electronica and ambient techno albums that propelled the style further. Meanwhile, the Washington, D.C. locals Eric Hilton and Rob Garza, better known as Thievery Corporation, have introduced the Brazilian sound into the style after discussing the music of Antonio Carlos Jobim, and enriched it further by combining elements of Jamaican dub and reggae.
In 2010, "downtempo pop" was described by The Atlantic as a variety of music styles from the 2000s characterized by mellow beats, vintage synthesizers, and lo-fi melodies. In other words, an umbrella term that includes chillwave, glo-fi, and hypnagogic pop. Later in the decade, another form of downtempo music, tagged as "lo-fi hip hop" or "chillhop", became popular among YouTube music streamers.
# Mr. and Mrs. Ryan

Mr. and Mrs. Ryan is a 1986 American TV film. It was an early starring role for Sharon Stone.
It was a pilot for a TV series that did not eventuate. The pilot aired as a stand-alone TV movie.
"Sharon read for us and we just flipped," said Aaron Spelling. "The network said she wasn't sexy enough."
Aaron Spelling's daughter Tori had a small role.

## Plot

A detective investigates crimes with the help of his socialite wife.

## Cast

* Sharon Stone as Ashley Hamilton Ryan
* Robert Desiderio as Lieutenant Michael Ryan
* Joseph Maher as Stockwell
* Christine Belford as Margo Slater
* David Fox-Brenton as Pershing
* Jay Robinson as Auctioneer
* Nicholas Worth as Kolvak
* Fred Coffin as Beckerman
* Walter Dalton as Sloan
* John H. Evans as Officer
* Garry Goodrow as Prisoner
* Frank Birney as Harlan
# Anselm of Capraia

Anselm of Capraia was a Pisan count. His political activity extended from the Republic of Pisa to Sardinia.
Anselm was the son of Berthold, brother of William and Anselm, all three of whom went to the court of Peter II of Arborea to be educated. Anselm's mother was a daughter of Guelfo della Gherardesca, Count of Donoratico, and Uguccionella degli Uppezinghi.
Anselm was sent by the Commune of Pisa in 1273 to Gallura to fight against the judge Giovanni Visconti, who had fled from Pisa recently. He defeated him in the hard-to-defend open plain between Trexenta and Gippi. Anselm occupied the Visconti estates, but it is not known if only those in the curatoria of Gippi or those in the third of Cagliari which Giovanni had acquired as well. However, Giovanni evaded capture and returned to Tuscany on a Sicilian ship.
Anselm took over the reins of government in the Giudicato of Arborea after the imprisonment and assassination of his cousin Nicholas by the real judge, Marianus II. He attacked Marianus and tried to take over Cagliari, but was defeated and killed in 1287.
Anselm was married to Teccia, daughter of Gherardo della Gherardesca and Theodora, and niece of Ugolino. He left one son, Anselm, who was reputed to be chivalrous and gracious. On account of jealousy for the affection of the Pisan populace, Ugolino had him poisoned. Ugolino may have even feared that the Pisans would choose to replace him with Anselm. This story is the basis for the passing mention of Anselm in Dante's Inferno (where Anselm is not resident, but Ugolino is).

## Sources

* Pinna, Raimondo. Parte orientale vs parte occidentale: una costante condizione di marginalità nella sotria territoriale dell'Isola? 2006.
# Hometown Kids

"Hometown Kids" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian country duo The Reklaws. The duo wrote the song with Gavin Slate and Travis Wood. It was the lead single off their debut studio album Freshman Year.

## Background

Stuart Walker told The Boot that the sibling duo "wanted everybody to understand that we are just college kids at heart". It was the first song they wrote with prolific Canadian country songwriters Gavin Slate and Travis Wood. Jenna Walker said the song is "important to us because it was our first major, like, [time to] sit down [and] really configure who we are as artists and what we want to say".

## Critical reception

Jenna Melanson of Canadian Beats Media called the song the "perfect summer anthem". Mary Ayers of Teenplicity referred to the track as a "joyful country jam" that "creates a yearning for fun summer nights with friends". Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau added the song to his personal Spotify playlist.

## Music video

The official music video for "Hometown Kids" premiered on August 17, 2017. It features Jenna Walker and Stuart Walker of the Reklaws, as well as forty of their closest friends. The video was filmed in their hometown of Cambridge, Ontario and directed by Ben Knechtel.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Freshman Year CD booklet.
* Todd Clark — production, engineering, programming, backing vocals
* Anthony Lucido — bass guitar
* Andrew Mendelson — mastering
* Justin Niebank — mixing
* Gavin Slate — banjo, programming, backing vocals, production, engineering
* Jenna Walker — lead vocals
* Stuart Walker — lead vocals
* Derek Wells — guitar, mandolin
* Travis Wood — backing vocals

## Chart performance

"Hometown Kids" reached a peak of #16 on the Billboard Canada Country chart for the week of December 9, 2017.
| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 16 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Homalinotus coriaceus

Homalinotus coriaceus, also known as the black coconut bunch weevil, is a species of weevil belonging to the family Curculionidae. This species can be found in Brazil. This beetle is a pest species that affects coconut cultivation, due to its lifecycle and feeding habits.

## Ecology

Due to the damage H. coriaceus can inflict on coconut trees, it is considered a major pest in Brazil. Larvae will tunnel into the peduncles of the coconut tree, feeding on the sap. Likewise, adults will often damage the flowers and fruit tissues. Since both life states of H. coriaceus promote the death of the fruit and flowers of the coconut tree, it has been estimated to have reduced coconut production in Brazil by 50%.

## Morphology

Black coconut bunch weevils are black and range between 25 and 30 millimetres (0.98 and 1.18 in) long with a rostrum of approximately 8 millimetres (0.31 in), the mature larvae are white, curved, bigger than the adult-beetle with 40 to 50 millimetres (1.6 to 2.0 in) in length and display a rust-tinted head. The eggs laid on the floral peduncle are white, smooth, and elongated. This species has little to no sexual dimorphism, where females are a bit larger than males and have two subtle indentations on the pronotum.
# Nandini

Nandini is a South Asian female given name. It is derived from the Sanskrit verbal root nand, which means "to rejoice, delight". Literally, nandinī means a woman who brings joy. The name also specifically refers to a daughter, as a daughter brings joy to the family. In the Hindu religion, Goddess Parvati is often addressed by this name. Nandini also refers to one of the eight eternal companions (Ashtanayika) of Goddess Parvati.

## People

The following people named Nandini have articles on Wikipedia:
* Nandini Bhaktavatsala, Indian actress, won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in the Kannada film, Kaadu
* Nandini Ghosal, Indian Bengali classical dancer and actress
* Nandini Goud (born 1967), painter and printmaker from Hyderabad, India
* Nandini Mundkur, Indian developmental paediatrician
* Nandini Muthuswamy, Carnatic violinist from South India
* Hamsa Nandini, Indian model, dancer, actress
* Nandini Nimbkar, American academic from India, current President of the Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI)
* Nandini Rai (born 1988), Indian model and film actress
* Nandini Reddy, Indian film director
* Nandini Sidda Reddy, Telugu language writer and poet
* Nandini Sahu (born 1973), Indian poet
* Nandini Satpathy (1931–2006), Indian politician and author
* Rajesh Nandini Singh (born 1967), Indian politician in the Indian National Congress
* Nandini Srikar, Indian singer, composer and guitarist
* Nandhini Ramesh, CEO, Modern Steels

### Fictional character

* Nandini, a fictional Maurya queen in the TV series Chandra Nandini

## Other uses

* Nandini, a TV Series that airs on Sun TV (India)
# 1914 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles

Reigning champion Mary Browne won the singles tennis title of the 1914 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating Marie Wagner 6–2, 1–6, 6–1 in the challenge round. It was Browne's third successive singles title. Wagner had won the right to challenge Browne by defeating Clare Cassel 6–3, 6–4 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia in the United States, from June 8 through June 13, 1914.

## Draw
### Challenge round

| Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round | Challenge Round |
| Mary Browne | Mary Browne | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| Marie Wagner | Marie Wagner | 2 | 6 | 1 |

### All Comers' finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| Marie Wagner | Marie Wagner | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| Carrie Neely | Carrie Neely | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| Carrie Neely | Carrie Neely | 2 | 3 | | Marie Wagner | Marie Wagner | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | | | | | Louise Raymond | Louise Raymond | 4 | 4 | | | | |
| Louise Raymond | Louise Raymond | 4 | 6 | 6 | Louise Raymond | Louise Raymond | 4 | 4 | | | | |
| Connie Sullivan | Connie Sullivan | 6 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| Connie Sullivan | Connie Sullivan | 6 | 2 | 1 | | | | | Marie Wagner | Marie Wagner | 6 | 7 |
| | | | | | | | | | Clare Cassel | Clare Cassel | 1 | 5 |
| Isabel Pendleton | Isabel Pendleton | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | Clare Cassel | Clare Cassel | 1 | 5 |
| Margaretta Myers | Margaretta Myers | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| Margaretta Myers | Margaretta Myers | 2 | 1 | | Isabel Pendleton | Isabel Pendleton | 1 | 2 | | | | |
| | | | | | Clare Cassel | Clare Cassel | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| Ann Sheafe | Ann Sheafe | 6 | 4 | 1 | Clare Cassel | Clare Cassel | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| Clare Cassel | Clare Cassel | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |