OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pingla

Pingla is a village in the Pingla CD block in the Kharagpur subdivision of the Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Pingla is located at 22°16′18.9″N 87°35′08.4″E﻿ / ﻿22.271917°N 87.585667°E﻿ / 22.271917; 87.585667.

### Area overview

Kharagpur subdivision, shown partly in the map alongside, mostly has alluvial soils, except in two CD blocks in the west – Kharagpur I and Keshiary, which mostly have lateritic soils. Around 74% of the total cultivated area is cropped more than once. With a density of population of 787 per km$^2$nearly half of the district’s population resides in this subdivision. 14.33% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.67% lives in the rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Pingla had a total population of 5,253 of which 2,639 (50%) were males and 2,614 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 665. The total number of literates in Pingla was 3,538 (67.35% of the population over 6 years).

## Civic administration
### CD block HQ

The headquarters of Pingla CD block are located at Pingla.

### Police station

Pingla police station has jurisdiction over Pingla CD Block.

## Education

Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, located at Maligram, was set up in 1965. It is affiliated to Vidyasagar University and as of 2016 offers undergraduate courses in Humanities, Commerce and Science. Post-graduate programme in Bengali was added in 2014-15 and efforts are on to add PG programme in commerce.

## Healthcare

Pingla Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Pingla, is the major Government medical facility in the Pingla CD block.
# Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg

The Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg was located in what is today Germany. It was created in 1667 following the death of Prince John VI and the partition of Anhalt-Zerbst with Anhalt-Mühlingen being created along with Anhalt-Dornburg for the younger sons of Prince John VI. The principality lasted until 1742 when Princes Christian August and John Louis II inherited Anhalt-Zerbst.

## Princes of Anhalt-Dornburg 1667–1742

* John Louis I 1667–1704
* John Louis II 1704–1742
* John Augustus 1704–1709 (co-regent)
* Christian Louis 1704–1710 (co-regent)
* John Frederick 1704–1742 (co-regent)
* Christian Augustus 1704–1742 (co-regent)
United with Anhalt-Zerbst in 1742.
# Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau

Anhalt-Plötzkau was a principality located in Germany. It existed on two occasions. It was first established in 1544 following the partition of Anhalt-Dessau, but the principality ceased to exist following the death of Prince George III in 1553, at which point it was inherited by the prince of Anhalt-Zerbst.
It was reestablished in 1603 with the partition of the unified principality of Anhalt; this time, in order to create a bigger principality, parts of Anhalt-Bernburg were extracted. This second incarnation lasted until 1665, at which point Prince Lebrecht succeeded as Prince of Anhalt-Köthen and Plötzkau returned to the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg.

## Princes of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1544-1553)

* George III 1544–1553
To Anhalt-Zerbst 1553.

## Princes of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1603-1665)

* Augustus 1603–1653
* Ernest Gottlieb 1653–1654
* Lebrecht 1653–1665 (co-regent)
* Emmanuel 1653–1665 (co-regent)
United with Anhalt-Bernburg 1665.
# Mario Luis Bautista Maulión

Mario Luis Bautista Maulión (4 December 1934 – 27 September 2020) was an Argentine Roman Catholic archbishop.
Maulión was born in Argentina and was ordained to the priesthood in 1960. He served as titular bishop of Febiana and was auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rosario, Argentina, from 1988 to 1995 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina, from 1995 to 2003. He served as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná, Argentina, from 1995 to 2010.
# Qalʿat ibn Salama

Qalʿat ibn Salama (Arabic: قلعة ابن سلامة) is an ancient fortress and archeological site near Tiaret, Algeria. This place is known for having sheltered Ibn Khaldun, an Arab scholar and historian, for four years, between 1375 and 1379. It was here at Qalʿat ibn Salama that he wrote his Muqaddimah (known as Prolegomenon in Greek).
This fortress is situated on a mountain top nearby Taoughzout at about three miles south of Frenda in the wilaya of Tiaret.

## Climate

The fortress is in a region with a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is light and sporadic, and summers are particularly dry.
# Quholm

Quholm (grid reference HY5221) is a farm in the northeast of Shapinsay, in the islands of Orkney, Scotland.

## Historical sites

Slightly to the south along Shapinsay's northwest coast are located the coastal ayres of Lairo Water and the Ouse situated within Veantro Bay. There are significant archaeological sites not distant from Quholm, including Odin's Stone, Burroughston Broch, Linton Chapel, Castle Bloody and Mor Stein.

## Notable links

William Irving, the father of Washington Irving, noted American author, was born in Quholm. Innsker Beach is situated very close by at the northwest edge of Quholm.
# Rafael Ithier

Rafael Ithier Natal (born August 29, 1926) is a Puerto Rican salsa musician and the founder of the highly successful orchestra El Gran Combo. Ithier was born in Río Piedras, now a part of the municipality of San Juan.
In 2016, Ithier celebrated his 90th birthday and was interviewed by a news outlet in Puerto Rico about his contributions to Puerto Rican music.

## Early years

Raised in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, he showed a passion for music at a very young age. His father was Nicolas Ithier and his mother Mérida Natal. His uncle, Salvador Ithier, played music together with Rafael Hernández, another of Puerto Rico's music legends. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War. While stationed in Korea he formed a music group entitled the Los Borinquena Mambo Boys.

## Musical career

Ithier Nadal became an expert guitarist in the bolero genre, and he was a member of the Tito Henriquez group, Taone. His sister Esperanza later inspired him to learn how to play the piano.
Ithier Nadal and his namesake, Rafael Cortijo, knew each other and formed a friendship at an early age; rumors of animosity would later surface but they both denied it, saying they considered themselves to be "like brothers." Ithier Nadal joined Cortijo's orchestra, "Cortijo y su Combo", during the 1950s. Before that, he was in a New York group named the "Borinqueneers Mambo Boys."
In 1977 Ithier Nadal worked as a music arranger on the debut album for the Puerto Rican ensemble band "Puerto Rico All Stars".

## El Gran Combo

In 1962, Ithier Nadal formed "El Gran Combo", becoming the orchestra's leader. As of 2012, he was still the orchestra leader and continued to tour with the group. On his 90th birthday he was interviewed and stated that El Gran Combo was successful because of their great discipline.
# October 1918 Prestwich by-election

The Prestwich by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Prestwich on 28 October 1918. The seat had become vacant upon the death in action near Merville of the sitting Liberal MP, the Hon. Captain Oswald Cawley. Cawley had only held the seat since being election in a by-election in January of that year.
The Liberal candidate, Austin Hopkinson, was returned unopposed in support of the Coalition government of prime minister David Lloyd George.
Prestwich by-election, October 1918: Prestwich :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | National Liberal | Austin Hopkinson | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | National Liberal hold | National Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Ramsay grease

Ramsay grease is a vacuum grease, used as a lubrication and a sealant of ground glass joints and cocks on laboratory glassware, e.g. burettes. It is usable to about 10$^{−2}$ mbar (about 1 Pa) and about 30 °C. Its vapor pressure at 20 °C is about 10$^{−4}$ mbar (0.01 Pa). It is named after Sir William Ramsay.
Different grades exist (e.g. thick or viscous, soft). The viscous one is used for standard stopcocks and ground joints. The soft grade is for large stopcocks and ground joints, desiccators, and for lower temperature use. Ramsay grease consists of paraffin wax, petroleum jelly, and crude natural rubber, in ratio 1:3:7 to 1:8:16. Due to the rubber content it has less tendency to flow.
One recipe for a grease usable up to 25 °C consists of 6 parts of petroleum jelly, 1 part of paraffin wax, and 6 parts of Pará rubber.
The dropping point of Leybold-brand Ramsay grease is 56 °C; its maximum service temperature is 25-30 °C. Its vapor pressure at 25 °C is 10$^{−7}$ torr (0.013 mPa), at 38 °C it is 10$^{−4}$ torr (13 mPa).
An equivalent of Ramsay grease can be made by cooking lanolin with natural rubber extracted from golf balls.
# Caspiana Plantation Store

Caspiana Plantation Store is an American historic building and a former plantation store built in 1906, located at 1300 Texas Street in Natchitoches, Louisiana. The store served as part of the crop-lien system, during the time of sharecropping which impacted the lives of many African American workers.
It is listed as a National Register of Historic Places since June 5, 1992 for its agricultural history and significance.

## History

The Caspiana Plantation Store was part of the Caspiana Plantation, a Reconstruction-era cotton plantation built by William Joseph Hutchinson (1839–1913) and originally located in the unincorporated community of Caspiana in Caddo Parish, Louisiana. The main house at the Caspiana Plantation is named Caspiana House, and is now part of the Pioneer Heritage Center at Louisiana State University Shreveport.
The Caspiana Plantation Store allowed local sharecrop farmers to purchase seeds and equipment by using their future crop as collateral, which often trapped people in debt. This store was most active from 1906 until 1942. At one time there were hundreds of these plantation stores in the state, primarily found on the grounds of large plantations.
In 1991, the plantation store was moved to the city of Natchitoches after the sale of the property. The process of moving the building required it to be cut in half however despite the changes, it maintained much of its original features and is a rare example of plantation store architecture and history.
# Shed Dungee

Shed Dungee (December 25, 1831–March 30, 1900) was a cobbler, preacher and state legislator in Virginia. He served two terms in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1879 to 1882. He was born enslaved and worked as a cobbler and became a preacher.

## Early life

Dungee was born enslaved December 25, 1831 in Cumberland County, Virginia to Shed and Harriet Dungee. In the 1860s he trained as a cobbler and worked as one in Cumberland County. He was thought to have been married and had children first while still a slave, and after the American Civil War he married Mary Agnes Coleman on January 7, 1869 as a freeman, with whom he had a daughter and three sons. His early education is unknown but at some point he learned to read and write, became a licensed preacher and helped found the Slate River Colored Baptist Association in 1877.

## Politics

Dungee was elected November 1879, to represent Buckingham and Cumberland counties in the Virginia House of Delegates as a Republican. When asked a few weeks later by President Rutherford B. Hayes to stand by the principles of the republican platform for which he would be protected in return, he declined stating he had grievances at home in Virginia that needed to be addressed. Once back at home he started attending Readjuster Party meetings, and was noted as voting along with the colored Readusters against the Republicans on the issue of State debt. In his first session he introduced a resolution to allow whites and blacks to marry, by repealing the laws outlawing miscegnation, but was outvoted 77 to 10.
In 1881 he campaigned and was elected as a Readjuster again for Buckingham and Cumberland counties beating the Democrat J. B. Ficklen. During this session he sat on the Public Property, on Retrenchment and Economy Committee and the Roads and Internal Navigation Committee. He voted for the establishing what became the Virginia State University and to outlaw the whipping post. He did not stand for a third term but stayed interested in local Readjuster and Republican politics and was a delegate at the Republican State Convention in 1896.

## Death

He died March 30, 1900 and was interned in Cumberland County at the Mount Olive Baptist Church cemetery. He wife died in 1918 and buried alongside him with a new shared gravestone.
# M. Keivom

Malsawmthang Keivom (M. Keivom) is an Indian diplomat and an ambassador of India to the Republic of Djibouti. He previously served as a Director of the Counter Terrorism Division at the Ministry of External Affairs, India.
# Pontrhydfendigaid

Pontrhydfendigaid (Welsh pronunciation:) is a village in Ceredigion, Wales. It lies on the western flank of the Cambrian Mountains, between Devil's Bridge and Tregaron. The village lies on the River Teifi, whose source is just 3 miles (5 km) to the east at Llyn Teifi. The community of Ystrad Fflur, which Pontrhydfendigaid makes most of the population of, had a population of 712 as of 2011 census.
The ruins of the Cistercian Strata Florida Abbey are 1 mile south-east of the village. The abbey was founded 1164; the poet Dafydd ap Gwilym is traditionally said to be buried there and Llywelyn the Great held a council there. The station at Strata Florida was positioned to serve the village. The hillfort of Pen y Bannau is 1 km east of the village.
The village is home to an annual eisteddfod, the Eisteddfod Pantyfedwen, or colloquially the "Steddfod Bont". Concerts and other events are also held in the modern multi-purpose Pavilion here. A Celtic Music Society is based at the village's Black Lion Hotel.
The village was the birthplace and home of Caradog Jones, the first Welshman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
It is in the Community of Ystrad Fflur.
The village takes its name from an old ford (rhyd) across the Teifi and a bridge (pont) that was later built there. It is on the B4343 road between Tregaron to the south and Pontarfynach to the north, around 13 miles (21 km) to the south-east of Aberystwyth.
The abbey was an important centre of learning, and it is believed that one of the earliest versions of the Brut y Tywysogion was made there.
It is believed that the TV programme C'mon Midffild! is based on the village football club.

## Pontrhydfendigaid in fiction

In the novel The Discovery of Heaven by Dutch author Harry Mulisch, the village is the place where the characters Mr and Mrs Spiers spend their holidays.

## The Beast of Bont

The Beast of Bont is the name given to a big cat said to roam the area centred on Pontrhydfendigaid. (Y Bont is the local abbreviation and colloquial name for Pontrhydfendigaid.) It was blamed for the death of 12 sheep in June 1981. After a number of livestock attacks in the mid-1990s, Ministry of Agriculture veterinarians inspected a sheep carcass "and declared that the killer was a great deal more powerful than a fox or dog". The Dyfed-Powys police then searched the area, but failed to find the animal.
In the spring of 2012, Mark Davey and his partner Annette came across a "sickening" scene: two large groups of slaughtered sheep, about two miles apart, in the hills near Devil's Bridge. In a statement to local newspapers, he reported that "something had quite clearly attacked them because they looked like they had been ripped apart" and that "to kill so many sheep in such a small area it had to be quite a strong animal".
# 2019 President of Ireland's Cup

The 2019 President's Cup was the sixth President's Cup contested for. The match was played between the champions of 2018 League of Ireland Premier Division and 2018 FAI Cup, Dundalk, and Cork City who were runners-up in both of those competitions. It took place on 9 February 2019, at Turners Cross and was won by Dundalk.
Dundalk won the game 2–1 to win their second President's Cup.

## Match
### Summary

Cork were looking for a fourth consecutive President's Cup victory. It was the first competitive game for new Dundalk manager Vinny Perth since taking over from Stephen Kenny. In the 36th minute Dane Massey put Dundalk ahead with a powerful header from six yards out after a corner form the right. In first-half injury time Patrick Hoban made it 2–0 with a header to the right corner from six yards out after a cross from Michael Duffy on the left. Kevin O'Connor pulled one back for Cork in the 65th minute with a free-kick into the top left corner of the net.

### Details

| Cork City | Dundalk |
Mark McNulty :
| DF | 4 | Sean McLoughlin |
| DF | 20 | Shane Griffin |
| DF | 21 | Conor McCarthy |
| DF | 26 | Dan Casey |
| MF | 6 | Gearóid Morrissey |
| MF | 8 | Conor McCormack | | 62' |
| MF | 10 | Garry Buckley (c) | 70' |
| MF | 11 | Daire O'Connor |
| FW | 9 | Graham Cummins |
| FW | 22 | James Tilley | 70' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 23 | Tadhg Ryan |
| DF | 2 | Colm Horgan |
| DF | 3 | Alan Bennett |
| DF | 14 | Ronan Hurley |
| MF | 25 | Kevin O'Connor | 66' | 62' |
| FW | 7 | Daragh Rainsford |
| FW | 24 | Cian Murphy |
| Manager: |||
| John Caulfield ||||
Gary Rogers :
| DF | 2 | Sean Gannon |
| DF | 3 | Brian Gartland (c) |
| DF | 14 | Dane Massey | 36' |
| DF | 4 | Seán Hoare |
| MF | 5 | Chris Shields | 72' |
| MF | 7 | Michael Duffy |
| MF | 8 | John Mountney |
| FW | 9 | Patrick Hoban | 45+1' | 83' |
| MF | 11 | Patrick McEleney | | 68' |
| MF | 18 | Robbie Benson | | 90+1' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 20 | Aaron McCarey |
| DF | 15 | Stephen Folan |
| DF | 21 | Daniel Cleary |
| DF | 33 | Dean Jarvis | | 90+1' |
| MF | 16 | Sean Murray | | 68' |
| MF | 27 | Daniel Kelly |
| FW | 12 | Georgie Kelly | | 83' |
| Manager: |||
| Vinny Perth ||||
* Assistant referees:
* Dermot Broughton
* Trevor Cotter
* Fourth official:
* Ray Matthews
# Reed Seifer

Reed Seifer (born 1973) is an American artist working in New York City.

## Career

Seifer created "optimism MetroCard", a public-art project produced in collaboration with the MTA Arts & Design, and launched in 2009. The artwork involved a wordmark designed by the artist placed on the reverse of 14,000,000 Metrocards, New York City's public transportation pass.
In solo exhibitions at The Armory Show, 2010 and 2011, Reed Seifer presented projects "Spray to Forget" and "New York Is a Lot of Work.", respectively.
"Spray to Forget," is an interactive, aromatherapeutic work proposed to "edit one's consciousness" and remove "undesired memories" by spraying it. "New York Is a Lot of Work." is an edition of 1,000 American one-dollar bills imprinted in foil with the text, "New York is a lot of work." in black and white.
Seifer's work has also been exhibited at Art Platform—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Hunt Gallery, Webster University, St. Louis; Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts; ISCP and Proteus Gowanus in Brooklyn, New York; DC Moore Gallery, HERE Arts Center, and Printed Matter in New York City, New York; and Huize Frankendael, Amsterdam.
# Empress State Building

The Empress State Building is a high rise building on in West Brompton in London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, on the border with Earl's Court. Its full address is Empress State Building, Empress Approach, Lillie Road, West Brompton, London, SW6 1TR.

## History

The building is named after the Empress Hall which formerly stood on the site, and in tribute to the Empire State Building. It was completed in 1962 for the Admiralty on the site of the former Empress Hall and ice rink as a commercial building and was 100 metres (328 ft) tall with 28 floors, designed by Stone, Toms & Partners and was briefly the tallest commercial building in London until Millbank Tower was built in 1962. It was renovated in 2003 to a design by Wilkinson Eyre Architects. Three floors and 17.3 metres (57 ft) were added to its height. Plus a frontal extension of 5 meters 'Orbit' is the name given to the private revolving bar on the top floor which offers panoramic views of London.The revolving bar element was shut down
This building was originally designed as a hotel but was first used by the Admiralty and GCHQ. The Directorate of Naval Shore Telecommunications (formerly the Naval Shore Telecommunications Authority) had their national headquarters in the building in the 1980s and 90, as did the Directorate of Fleet Supply Duties.

## Metropolitan Police offices

The building is occupied by staff from the Metropolitan Police Service who refer to it as ESB. Among other things, until 2020 the building was home to the assessment centre for prospective police officers. Some of the upper floors were occupied by staff from Transport for London until 2010. An annexe at the entrance to the site housed the Metropolitan Police Heritage Centre until January 2020.
In March 2018 the London mayor's office agreed to buy the ESB estate for its MPS operations from Capco Plc, the developer of the adjacent Earl's Court regeneration scheme, for £250 million to house a new Counter Terrorism Operations Centre. Funding for that project was confirmed in November 2020, from 23rd December 2024 the building is designated as a Prohibited Place under The National Security Act 2023, it is expected to re-open in that role by late 2025.
On 15 October 2019 the building received a certificate of immunity from listing by the then Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Nicky Morgan, which expired on 14 October 2024.
# 1904 Maine gubernatorial election

The 1904 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 12, 1904.
Incumbent Governor John Fremont Hill did not seek re-election. Republican candidate William T. Cobb defeated Democratic candidate Cyrus W. Davis.

## Results

1904 Maine gubernatorial election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | William T. Cobb | 76,962 | 58.52% |
| | Democratic | Cyrus W. Davis | 50,146 | 38.13% |
| | Prohibition | Nathan F. Woodbury | 2,788 | 2.12% |
| | Socialist | Wilbur G. Hapgood | 1,590 | 1.21% |
| | Scattering | | 26 | 0.02% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 26,816 | 20.39% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 131,512 | 100.00% |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Swing | |
# George Edward Hand

George Edward Hand (August 16, 1809 – August 30, 1889) was an American politician and judge.
Hand, son of Daniel and Artemisia (Meigs) was born in Madison (then East Guilford), Connecticut, August 16, 1809. The only survivor of a large family of brothers and sisters is Daniel Hand, well known for his recent gift to the American Missionary Association.
He graduated from Yale College in 1829. After teaching for a short time in Connecticut, he went to Detroit, Michigan, where he studied law and was admitted to practice. He was soon recognized as a lawyer of ability and promise, and in 1835 he was appointed Judge of Probate for the county. In 1846 he was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives. Under President Pierce he held the office of U.S. Attorney for the district of Michigan. In later life he relinquished active practice, and was occupied with the care of his large property in real estate—until symptoms of softening of the brain appeared about 1884. In 1885 he was taken to his early home in Madison, where he died on August 30, 1889, at the age of 80. He was never married.