OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al Hidayah (organisation)

Al-Hidayah (meaning "The Guidance") Al-Hidayah, is a series of annual summer camps organised by Minhaj-ul-Quran International Minhaj-ul-Quran UK. Initially focused on spiritual development and Islamic scholarship, Al-Hidayah later expanded to actively counter extremist ideologies, promoting peaceful integration and social engagement within Western societies, and developing future leadership among British young Muslims. The camps feature lectures by prominent scholars, including Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, alongside workshops designed to equip young Muslims with practical skills. While the first such youth camp was organised in Glasgow in 2004, the camp was officially inaugurated as Al-Hidayah from 2005 onwards.
Al-Hidayah has mainly been held as an annual three-day residential retreat at various locations in the United Kingdom. Exceptions to this were Al-Hidayah 2017, which was held in both in the UK and Norway, Al-Hidayah 2018, which was held at Fletcher Hotel Doorwerth-Arnhem in Arnhem, and Al-Hidayah 2024, which was held in Australia.

## Al-Hidayah 2005 (Pioneer Centre, Shropshire)

In 2005, Minhaj-ul-Quran UK began 'Al-Hidayah', a series of annual three-day residential educational and spiritual retreats, assumed at British Muslims, and inviting Islamic scholars from other countries.
Al-Hidayah 2005 was held in the Pioneer Centre, Shropshire. Over 300 young Muslims attended the three-day event.

## Al-Hidayah 2006 (Heythrop Park, Oxfordshire)

Al-Hidayah 2006, was held between Friday 25 August and Monday 28 August 2006 in Heythrop Park, Oxfordshire. The main speaker at the event was Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr. Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri. The event was also attended by Shaykh Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji.

## Al-Hidayah 2007 (Heythrop Park, Oxfordshire)

The third annual Al-Hidayah Residential Spiritual and Educational Retreat took place at the same venue as the 2006 event, in Heythrop Park Oxfordshire. Hundreds of participants from the United Kingdom and Europe attended.

## Al-Hidayah 2009 (University of Warwick)

Minhaj-ul-Quran UK organized a three-day annual "Al-Hidayah Youth Camp" at the University of Warwick in August 2009, which was attended by more than 1200 participants from across the world.

## Al-Hidayah 2010 (University of Warwick)

Al-Hidayah 2010 was held at The University of Warwick between 7 August and 9 August 2010. Over 1200 people from the United Kingdom and Europe attended.

## Peace for Humanity Conference 2011 (Wembley Arena)

‘Peace for Humanity’ Conference was held on 24 September 2011 at the Wembley Arena

## Al-Hidayah 2016

The 2016 event was held at Keele University in Staffordshire.

## Al-Hidayah 2017 (Keele University, Staffordshire)

Al-Hidayah 2017 was held 26–28 August 2017 at Keele University in Staffordshire.
# Alessandro Castellani

Alessandro Castellani (2 February 1823 – 10 June 1883) was a goldsmith, antique dealer, art collector and Italian patriot belonging to the Roman Castellani family of goldsmiths and antique dealers.

## Biography

Alessandro Castellani was the son of Fortunato Pio Castellani and Carolina Baccani. He was born in Rome. He lost his left hand in a hunting accident as a boy; despite his disability he still dedicated himself to the art of goldsmithing in the family business.
The younger Castellani was a follower of the Italian nationalist leader Giuseppe Mazzini, and supported the Roman Republic. With the restoration and return of Pius IX, he was sentenced to exile in 1859 and he went to Paris in June 1860.
In Paris he opened a branch of his father's company on the Champs-Élysées and began the diffusion of Castellani jewels into Europe and then in the United States. In 1861, Alessandro opened a second branch in London. This workshop, managed by Carlo Giuliano, focused on crafting pieces in the Archaeological Revival style. The London location served to introduce Castellani jewelry to a wider audience, particularly among British clients and collectors. The composer Gioacchino Rossini introduced him to the society of Paris. Alessandro had direct contact with Emperor Napoleon III who bought numerous finds for the Musée Napoléon III(then transferred at the Louvre) .
Alessandro Castellani was interested in the goldsmith techniques of the Etruscans and in particular in granulation. It has been hypothesized that some Etruscan finds traded by Castellani were fake.
Alessandro Castellani played a significant role in organizing exhibitions that showcased the firm's work, notably in Florence (1861) and London (1862), where he presented the "Mundus Muliebris" collection.
In 1862, Castellani moved to Naples and opened a new office in Chiatamone. He financed attempted insurrections in the Papal States; after the Porta Pia breach he established a commission for the protection of monuments in Rome aiming to transfer the Vatican Museums to the Italian state. In 1879 he joined the Lega della democrazia chaired by Giuseppe Garibaldi.
During his time in Italy, Alessandro Castellani personally participated in archaeological excavations, including at Santa Maria di Capua, and initiated the excavation of the Tiber riverbed in 1870. These activities provided inspiration and materials for the firm's archaeological revival jewelry.
Castellani died in 1883. In 1884 his collection was sold in Rome.
# Alexia Bohwim

Alexia Bohwim or Alexia Knutsdatter Bohwim (born March 13, 1969, in Oslo) is a Norwegian writer, animal rights activist and feminist.

## Life

Bohwim made her debut in 2008 with the cult novel Frognerfitter. The book is about two girlfriends Billie and Susie, who live in Frogner, Oslo (where Bohwim grew up), and describes their lifestyle which includes a lot of drinking and sex, and addresses some of the myths that exist about people who live there. The book was published by Kagge Forlag and sold 40,000 copies.
Since then, Bohwim has written two books, MILF (2010) and Golddigger (2012), and has created a blog. This was later censored and banned. She has acquired the reputation of being outspoken and controversial. She has outspoken views about sex roles, life in Frogner and feminism.
For over four years, filmmaker Nina Grünfeld has followed Bohwim, and created a documentary about her life. The idea was to follow her for at least ten years, then to make a cinema documentary about living a different life. Over the years, she has been half-naked in several magazines, and describes herself as "a narcissist with empathy".
In 2018, a documentary series - also by Grünfeld - about her life called Alexia vs. Verden (Alexia vs. the world) ran on Norwegian TV3.
Bohwim has studied Norwegian movie history, movie history and is currently writing about the links between the deportation of the Norwegian jews and the cultural elite.
Frogner Babylon came September 2021 and is a sequel to Frognerfitter.
Bohwim is an animal rights activist and loves Fred Perry and tennis.

## Family

Bohwim's father is film director Knut Bohwim.

## Works

* Frognerfitter : roman Oslo : Kagge, 2008. ISBN 9788248907541
* MILF roman, Oslo Kagge 2010. ISBN 9788248909422
* Golddigger roman, Oslo Kagge 2012. ISBN 9788248912965
* Frogner Babylon, roman, Cappelen Damm 2021
# Alfred Hess

Alfred Hess (19 May 1879 – 24 December 1931) was a German Jewish industrialist and art collector.

## Career

Hess was a shoe manufacturer in Erfurt, Thuringia. M & L Hess Schuhfabrik had four factories in Erfurt. He was keen on art and German expressionism. His portrait was made into a woodcut by Max Pechstein in 1919 when he was one of the artists who stayed at the Hess house. Hess made donations to local museums and his visitors' books were so lavishly decorated that illustrations were published as a book in 1957. Hess's factory was forcibly Aryanised under the Nazis.
A memorial plaque for Alfred Hess has been erected at the Hess villa in Alfred-Hess-Straße, Erfurt; the street was named after him in 1992.

## Art collection

With his wife Thekla (1884–1968), née Pauson, he had an art collection of around 4,000 works that contained important German Expressionist works.
Hess was a philanthropist, donating numerous artworks to museums in Germany. Gifts included the Johannes Driesch (1901 - 1930) drawing, Familie und Liebespaar, and Lionel Feiniger's Viadukt to the Museum für Kunst und Heimatgeschichte in Enfert, He also loaned artworks to museums, such as Landungssteg by Lionel Feiniger and Tänzerinnen by Erich Henkel. These and other gifts and loans he made to museums were later seized by the Nazis, as were works from his private collection. Others were sold to finance the escape and survival of his family

## Hess' death and the family's fate under the Nazis

Hess died in 1931, before the Nazis came to power. His widow Thekla, who emigrated from Germany to the UK via Switzerland, said that she was forced to sell paintings by the Gestapo. She was forced to deposit paintings with the Cologne Art Association in 1937, and was later told, falsely, that they had been destroyed. She joined her son Hans Hess in the UK in 1939.
Hans Hess helped Leicester Museum and Art Gallery create an exhibition of German Expressionist art in 1944. Leicester Museum bought or was given four artworks.

## Postwar

Hans Hess was appointed as an art assistant at Leicester shortly before the exhibition opened, then in 1947, he became keeper of art at York Art Gallery. Hans died in 1975 and his widow Lillie in 1976. In 1977 some of the family paintings were auctions at the Marlborough Gallery.

## Claims for restitution

The Hess heirs filed claims for restitution for looted artworks and forced sales. Several works, such as Berlin Street Scene (1913) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Nude by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, have been returned to his granddaughter and heir, Anita Halpin, and subsequently sold; the former sold at auction for £20.5 million to the Neue Galerie New York, which also paid over £1 million to Halpin for Nude. Restitution was opposed by Ludwig von Pufendorf, Wolfgang Henze of the Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Archive in Bern, Switzerland; and Bernd Schultz, managing shareholder of Berlin's Villa Grisebach auction house who stated that they thought that the Hess family sold because of the financial crisis unrelated to any Nazi pressure.
# Algerian Athletics Federation

Algerian Athletics Federation (Arabic: الاتحادية الجزائرية لألعاب القوى) is the national governing body for the sport of athletics (including track and field and cross country) in Algeria, recognised by the IAAF and also a member of Confederation of African Athletics. The association is based in Algiers.

## History

After Algeria's independence in 1962, the task of structuring Algerian sport was given to Mahmoud Abdoun with the help of Mustapha Agoulmine and Tayeb Mghezzi Chaâ, they founded the Algerian Athletics Federation, of which Mustapha Agoulmine became the first president.
It has been affiliated to the World Athletics called formally the International Association of Athletics Federations since 1963, and since 1974, it has been an active member of the Confederation of African Athletics (CAA) which manages competitions at the continental level. It is also a member of the Arab Athletics Federation.
# Vivek Joshi

Vivek Joshi (born 21 May 1966) is a 1989 retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer from the Haryana cadre.On,19 February 2025 he assumed charge of Election Commissioner of India.Before this, he served as the Chief Secretary of the Government of Haryana from 1 November 2024 till 18 February 2025. Previously, he served as Personnel Secretary of India from 19 August 2024 till 31 October 2024. Before that, he served as Secretary, the Department of Financial Services.

## Early life

Joshi was born on 21 May 1966 in Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Education

Joshi received Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Roorkee and He then earned a postgraduate diploma in International Business from the IIFT, New Delhi. afterwards He earned Degree of M.A and Ph.D both in Internal Economics from Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
# 1972 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

The 1972 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was part of the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season had no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. An average of five tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.

## Systems
### Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Nine (09B)

This storm was formed on 7 September, possibly due to the remnants of Typhoon Elsie in the West Pacific. It gradually intensified to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm by 9 September. The storm made landfall at Ichhapuram in Andhra Pradesh on 10 September. Due to the storm, 100 people and 8000 cattle perished. Puri in Odisha recorded gust winds up to 185 km/h (115 mph). Heavy damages to agricultural crops took place at Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Nearly 2 lakh people were affected by the storm. Ganjam District in Odisha was the worst affected by the storm. It was one of the most intense cyclones to hit India in the month of September.

### Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten (10B)

This cyclone was formed on 20 September and intensified to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm despite being present over the upwelled waters due to Cyclone 09B. It made landfall at Gopalpur in Odisha on 22 September and dissipated by the next day. Wind gusts of up to 140 km/h (85 mph) were recorded at the time of landfall. Despite severe damage to crops and houses, no deaths due to the storm were reported.

### Severe Cyclonic Storm Fourteen (14B)

This cyclone was formed on 15 November and gradually intensified to a Severe Cyclonic Storm. After making an erratic loop, the storm made landfall at Sriharikota on 22 November. The lowest pressure was 983 hPa/millibars (29.0 inches) and wind gusts of up to 165 km/h (105 mph) were measured by the ship ATAF. 80 people were reportedly killed due to the storm. Several trees were uprooted and thousands of people were rendered homeless.

### Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Sixteen (16B)

This storm killed 80 people and 150 cattle. 30,000 people were rendered homeless. Cuddalore recorded gust winds up to 150 km/h (95 mph) at the time of landfall. Total damages in Indian Rupees were estimated to be 40 crores. The cyclone is visible on The Blue Marble (Top right) photo taken by Apollo 17.
# Titanic Engineers' Memorial

50°54′37″N 1°24′17″W﻿ / ﻿50.91018°N 1.40469°W﻿ / 50.91018; -1.40469
The Titanic Engineers' Memorial is a memorial in East (Andrews) Park, Southampton, United Kingdom, to the engineers who died in the Titanic disaster on 15 April 1912. The bronze and granite memorial was originally unveiled by Sir Archibald Denny, president of the Institute of Marine Engineers on 22 April 1914. The event was attended by an estimated 100,000 Southampton residents.

## History

Joseph Bell was the Chief Engineer Officer on the RMS Titanic. His staff consisted of 24 engineers, 6 electrical engineers, two boilermakers, a plumber and a clerk. None survived the sinking.
The monument was originally erected with funding from worldwide donations. It was designed and built by Whitehead and Son of the Imperial Works, Kennington Oval in London. Ferdinand Victor Blundstone was the sculptor. It is officially a Grade II listed building. It features a bronze statue of Nike, the Greek Winged Goddess of Victory, created by Trieste-born sculptor Romeo Rathmann, and carvings which represent the engineer officers of the ship, who died in the disaster. The stone of the monument is Kemnay Granite.
On a sunny afternoon on 22 April 1914, 100,000 people gathered in Andrews Park, Southampton to witness the unveiling of the memorial to the engineers who had died on the Titanic two years earlier. The bronze and granite structure was draped in the Union flag. Unveiling the statue, Sir Archibald Denny said:
"By the manner of their deaths [the engineers] carried out one of the finest traditions of our race."
"They must have known that pumping could do no more than delay the final catastrophe, yet they stuck pluckily to their duty."
"Driven back from boiler-room to boiler-room, fighting for every inch of draught to give time for the launching of the boats, not one of those brave officers was saved."
The monument bears the following inscription:
* GREATER LOVE HATH NO MAN THAN
* THIS. THAT A MAN LAY DOWN HIS
* LIFE FOR HIS FRIENDS
* ST. JOHN 15TH CH. 13TH V
* TO THE MEMORY OF THE ENGINEER OFFICERS
* OF THE R.M.S "TITANIC" WHO SHOWED
* THEIR HIGH CONCEPTION OF DUTY AND THEIR
* HEROISM BY REMAINING AT THEIR POSTS
* 15TH APRIL 1912.
* ERECTED BY THEIR FELLOW ENGINEERS AND FRIENDS
* THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
The monument was restored in 2010 in a joint venture between Southampton City Council and TV production company Twenty Twenty Television. Almost opposite the main memorial, on the corner of Cumberland Place and London Road, is the Titanic Musicians' Memorial to Wallace Hartley and the other musicians who played on the Titanic.
# Casamajor

Casamajor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* A. A. Casamajor (1833–1861), British rower
* Paul Casamajor (1831–1887), Cuban-born American chemist
* Roger Casamajor (born 1976), Spanish actor
# Dr. Philip Weintraub House

The Dr. Philip Weintraub House is an early modern single-family house in the Hollywood Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Located at 3252 W. Victoria Street, the home was built in 1940 by architect Andrew Nicholas Rebori (1886–1966) and artist Edgar Miller (1899–1993) for Philip Weintraub.
The house is built in the International Style with an asymmetric shape, smooth, undecorated siding, and flat roofs with a rooftop terrace. Inside there are elements of Art Moderne, including rounded edges on walls and the fireplace, recessed cove lighting, built-in cabinets, a glass-block wall in the bathroom, and a round window by the front entrance. Miller designed three art pieces for the interior: a low-relief sculpture of a woman over the fireplace, a recessed decorative tile of a woman on a beach, and a metal door-pull on a built-in hallway cabinet. These objects were still in the house in 2009, when it was declared a Chicago Landmark.
The house was chosen as a Chicago landmark for three reasons. First, it is an important part of the city's history as an example of a middle-class house designed in early pre-World War II modernism. Second, it is important architecture in that it combines elements of international style and art moderne in a pre-World War II house, with artwork by an important Chicago artist. Third, the house represents the innovations in modern design of an important Chicago architect.
Rebori designed many other significant Chicago buildings, and Rebori collaborated with Miller on others. The Madonna della Strada Chapel at Loyola University and the Fischer Studio Houses are both examples of buildings the two worked on together.
This house was the site of a Chicago "Fight or Walk" protest of Chicago Transit Authority rate hikes on April 9, 2005, when the home was the property of Frank Kruesi, then president of the Chicago CTA.
# Chan Thomas

Chan Thomas (1920 – 1998) was an American engineer, ufologist, writer on ancient cataclysms, and self-proclaimed polymath whose ideas have influenced conspiracy theorists in the 21st century.

## Career

In 1963, he published the book The Adam and Eve Story which interpreted the Book of Genesis, several pre-Biblical legends, and historical geological phenomena to make the pseudoscientific claim that the Earth has routinely been hit by cataclysmic events every 7,000 years. These alleged cataclysms involved the Earth's poles switching place, causing earthquakes, tsunamis and supersonic winds to wipe out entire civilizations. Thomas claimed that another such event was on the horizon.
The book also claimed that Jesus Christ was a scholar who lived among tribes in what is now the Indian state of Nagaland, and that he was taken away by aliens after his crucifixion.
In 1967, aerospace company McDonnell Douglas assembled a small team of researchers to investigate reports of UFOs with the goal of discovering the underlying science that powered such vehicles. Thomas was reportedly one of four full-time researchers on the team. The team's director, aeronautical engineer Robert M. Wood, wrote some four decades later in a newsletter for MUFON that Thomas had a "tremendously innovative mind" and "was a total 'out of the box' thinker."
Thomas also claimed to have ESP, having written a handbook on the topic, and said he had made contact with extraterrestrial life. James Randi criticized Thomas' prediction that Los Angeles would succumb to a future catastrophe, noting that Thomas was careful to place his disaster "between the year 2000 and 2500. He was able to assume that he would be safely in his grave by then and unavailable for comment."
The CIA declassified documents in 2013 that included large excerpts from Thomas' book The Adam and Eve Story. In subsequent years, the book's claims were repeated by conspiracy theorists in numerous viral TikTok videos. One conspiracy theorist also recounted the book's claims on the Joe Rogan Experience podcast. Media Matters for America concluded that this trend was part of a wider framing of climate change an inevitable catastrophe that is beyond the control of humanity, which it considers to be a form of climate change denial.
# Scott Baker (racing driver)

Scott Mitchell Baker (April 30, 1957 – June 23, 2000) was an American professional stock car racing driver who competed in ARCA.

## Life and career

Baker was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1957 and graduated from Saugatuck High School in Saugatuck, Michigan, in 1975. He served in the United States Navy for six years prior to his raceing career.

## Death

Baker died on June 23, 2000, after a crash in the Jasper Engines & Transmissions 150, an ARCA race at Toledo Speedway in Toledo, Ohio. Late in the race, Baker was running in the 8th position when he made contact with Joe Cooksey, which spun Baker into a tire barrier made of tractor tires. The seriousness of the crash caused the race to be called at 149 laps completed of the scheduled 150 with Frank Kimmel being declared the winner, and Scott placed in the 16th position. The impact caused his head and neck restraint to strain the arteries carrying oxygen to his brain, causing his death.
# Mount Mitchell Challenge

The Mount Mitchell Challenge is a 40-mile Ultramarathon run in February of each year from the town of Black Mountain, NC to the top of Mt Mitchell, the highest point in the Eastern US, and back down again. This race, intentionally run in Winter to ensure harsh conditions, is regarded as one of the most difficult trail-running races in North America.
Started in 1998 by locals businesses Black Dome Mountain Sports and Black Mountain Savings, the course has seen every type of weather imaginable...rain, ice, snow, sun...and runners keep coming back...several for all of its editions.