OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# KMRB

KMRB (1430 AM) is a broadcast radio station in the United States. Licensed to San Gabriel, California, KMRB serves the Greater Los Angeles area with a Cantonese language format. It is owned and operated by Multicultural Broadcasting.
The station originally signed on in 1942 as KWKW. From 1950 to 1999, the station had call sign KALI; it launched a Spanish format in the late 1950s. In 1994, Multicultural Broadcasting purchased KALI and converted it to its present Chinese format.

## History
### As KWKW (1942–1950)

The Southern California Broadcasting Company, headed by president Marshall S. Neal, obtained call sign KWKW on August 22, 1941 for a station to be licensed in Pasadena, California. In July 1942, Southern California Broadcasting announced plans to start broadcasting KWKW on August 1 with a community format focusing on business, culture, and civics in Pasadena. KWKW was first licensed September 30, 1942 as a 1,000 watt daytime only station.
In 1945, KWKW broadcast Pacific Coast Professional Football League games. KWKW also sponsored a "Miss KWKW" beauty pageant. Some KWKW programs were in foreign languages, including Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish.
On January 18, 1950, John H. Poole purchased KWKW for $57,500.

### As KALI (1950–1999)

Nearly a month after its purchase by John H. Poole, KWKW became KALI on February 16, 1950. In November 1951, Poole sold KALI to the Consolidated Broadcasting Company for $37,700 plus 85 percent of accounts receivable.
Tele-Broadcasters Inc. purchased KALI for nearly $300,000 in December 1956.
On June 3, 1959, KALI officially increased its power to 5,000 watts and began broadcasting at night; its city of license changed to San Gabriel. By the late 1950s, KALI had over 100 hours a week of Spanish language programming and 55 hours a week of programming geared towards black listeners. By 1960, KALI broadcast full time in Spanish.
In April 1966, United Broadcasting Company purchased Tele-Broadcasters and its four TV and radio stations including KALI for a total $1.9 million.
KALI had the brand "Radio Variedades" in the 1980s, featuring music ranging from contemporary Latin pop such as Daniela Romo to oldies from the 1940s. In addition, KALI broadcast live Spanish translations of KNBC's 11 p.m. news. Following the 1985 Mexico City earthquake KALI held an on-air disaster relief fundraiser.
The Los Angeles Times reported in 1991 that residents of Sunnyslope, a neighborhood located near KALI's transmitter, were receiving KALI's signal from televisions, ovens, and other household appliances.
In 1994, Multicultural Broadcasting purchased KALI and changed it to a Chinese format, with programs in both Mandarin and Cantonese. By 1998, Multicultural Broadcasting purchased another local station, KAZN. It moved the Mandarin programming to KAZN and made KMRB an all-Cantonese station.

### As KMRB (1999–present)

On June 10, 1999, KALI changed its call sign to KMRB.
In June 2006, Arbitron ratings in Los Angeles and Orange counties found KAZN and KMRB to be the most popular non-English stations in the Los Angeles market.
# 1927 French Championships (tennis)

The 1927 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Français in Saint-Cloud, France. The tournament ran from 27 May until 5 June. It was the 32nd staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.
Kea Bouman and René Lacoste won the singles titles. Bouman became the first foreign woman to win the women's singles event and the first, and to date only, Dutch woman to win a Grand Slam singles title.

## Finals
### Men's singles

René Lacoste (FRA) defeated Bill Tilden (USA) 6–4, 4–6, 5–7, 6–3, 11–9

### Women's singles

Kea Bouman (NED) defeated Irene Peacock (RSA) 6–2, 6–4

### Men's doubles

Henri Cochet (FRA) / Jacques Brugnon (FRA) defeated Jean Borotra (FRA) / René Lacoste (FRA) 2–6, 6–2, 6–0, 1–6, 6–4

### Women's doubles

Irene Peacock (RSA) / Bobbie Heine (AUS) defeated Peggy Saunders Mitchell (GBR) / Phoebe Holcroft Watson (GBR) 6–2, 6–1

### Mixed doubles

Marguerite Broquedis (FRA) / Jean Borotra (FRA) defeated Lilí de Álvarez (ESP) / Bill Tilden (USA) 6–4, 2–6, 6–2
# Marcus Hook Range Rear Light

Marcus Hook Range Rear Light is a lighthouse near Bellefonte, Delaware marking a range on the Delaware River. It is the highest light on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The lighthouse is visible on the horizon from the windows of high-rise buildings in downtown Wilmington, Delaware.

## History

The permanent structure was preceded by a temporary light on a post, erected in 1915. The present tower was built in 1918 and was composed of nine sections of reinforced concrete; there is also an oil house and a keeper's dwelling on the site. The original beacon displayed a fixed white light using a Fourth order Fresnel lens; this was removed in the early 1980s and replaced with a RL-24 beacon, displaying a fixed red indication. The light was automated in the 1950s, but the keeper's house was occupied by Coast Guard personnel until 2004.
In March 2005 the lighthouse became available for transfer under the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act, but in 2010 a private owner bought the lighthouse and the accompanying home on the property. The tower is an active aid to navigation and not open to the public.

## Front Light

The Marcus Hook Range Front Light stood about 100 yards (91 m) offshore, 1.6 miles (2.6 km) to the northeast of Marcus Hook Range Rear Light. Its tower was erected in 1925 and was preceded by a temporary light tower erected in 1915. It has always been automated.

## Replacement range

In June 2019, a new rear range light was erected approximately where the front range light was, and a new front range light was erected upstream. The (old) rear range light was turned off.
# Sachtler

Sachtler is a manufacturer of film and video camera support products. The company was founded in 1958 and was bought by the United Kingdom's Vitec Group (now Videndum) in 1995.

## History

Wendelin Sachtler was a cinematographer, actor and inventor, living in South-Germany. In 1958 he designed the first tripod head. This so-called gyroscopic head provided not only pans and tilt motion, but also added gyroscopic damping to smooth out camera moves. The new tripod head proved so popular with fellow camera operators that it led to the foundation of a new company, Sachtler, to meet demand. He worked out of a small workshop in Munich-Schwabing, Germany. After a pair of moves, since 2004 Sachtler GmbH has been located in Eching near Munich. Sachtler has 150 employees worldwide and is represented by retailers in more than 140 countries. The company has production facilities in Germany, Costa Rica and Great Britain.
In 1992 the company was awarded the "Scientific and Engineering Award", an award set up by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
In 1995 Sachtler was acquired by the Vitec Group PLC.
In 2001 Sachtler and Curt O. Schaller launched the artemis camera stabilizer system at the NAB Show in Las Vegas. The artemis systems were the first modular camera stabilizer systems in the world. In addition, the artemis HD systems were the first Full HD camera stabilizer systems worldwide.
The artemis Trinity system, developed by Curt O. Schaller together with Roman Foltyn in 2015, is the first camera stabilizer system in the world that combines a mechanical stabilization system with an electronic one. In April 2016, ARRI acquired the artemis camera stabilizer systems developed by Curt O. Schaller from Sachtler / Vitec Videocom.
In 2025, Curt O. Schaller was awarded the Academy Scientific and Engineering Award for the concept, design and development of the Trinity 2 system.

## Products

The company's portfolio can be divided into:
* Camera support
* High quality bags for storage and transportation of professional broadcast, camera and audio equipment
The camera support division includes the production of Sachtler fluid heads, tripods and pedestals and professional bags for cameramen and sound operators.
# KMRE-LP

KMRE-LP (102.3 Low power FM) was a radio station broadcasting local and regional educational, cultural and historic programming. The station was located in Bellingham, Washington. The FCC granted KMRE-LP its license on July 19, 2006.

## Programming

Featuring music from the Pacific Northwest and more, KMRE-LP also featured local news programming and other work from all around Whatcom County. The station also aired music and educational programs.

## History

The meaning behind the call sign for KMRE-LP is the Museum of Radio and Electricity. Broadcasting since 2005 in Bellingham, WA, the station began as part of the Spark Museum of Electrical Invention. The station initially broadcast music and programming from the Golden Age of radio – the 1920s through the advent of television, but evolved to share programming on a wide range of topics.
In 2018, Kulshan Community Media was formed and operated KMRE-LP since then.
Some of the changes incorporated over the last five years include a format shift to Roots Americana music, the development of a local news team and weekday afternoon newscasts, and the shift from a 100 watt Low Power FCC License to a full power Non-Commercial Educational FM Station.
Kulshan Community Media applied for NCE status and a change of signal strength in 2019. The station began broadcasting on a new frequency, 88.3FM, as a full power NCE in and surrendered the LP license to the FCC on June 19, 2023; it was cancelled the following day. The antenna is currently located on King Mountain, Bellingham and the station is co-located at Whatcom Community College.
# Wake Me When the War Is Over

Wake Me When the War Is Over is a 1969 American made-for-television comedy film directed by Gene Nelson and starring Ken Berry and Eva Gabor. It first aired as the ABC Movie of the Week on October 14, 1969.

## Plot

The film tells the story of the amazingly naive and inept Lieutenant Roger Carrington (Berry) of the United States Army Air Forces beginning in January 1944 during World War II. After accidentally falling out of a C-47 when attempting to drop airborne leaflet propaganda, he lands in German territory. Escaping pursuing German soldiers, he is hidden by a local baroness named Marlene (Gabor). Luckily, Marlene is against the Nazis, and sympathizes with Carrington, taking him under her wing to recover, and eventually falling in love with him.
Unfortunately, when World War II ends, Marlene realizes that Carrington will leave when he finds this out. Not wanting him to go yet, she decides not to tell him about the war ending so he will stay, and she manages to keep him with her for nearly five years, explaining the Allies are continuously losing, then recapturing England. Around then is when Carrington convinces himself that it's his duty to continue fighting on a one man sabotage operation. He leaves Marlene's estate, not realizing he's now in a peacetime country. The only problem is, no one can tell him the war is over because no one around him speaks English including the Baroness' maid Eva who accompanies him.

## Cast

* Ken Berry as Roger Carrington
* Eva Gabor as Baroness Marlene
* Werner Klemperer as Major Erich Mueller
* Danielle De Metz as Eva
* Hans Conried as Erhardt
* Jim Backus as Colonel
* Parley Baer as Erhardt's Butler
* Alan Hewitt as Koenig
# Chipping Sodbury School

Chipping Sodbury School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form, located in Chipping Sodbury in the Unitary authority of South Gloucestershire, England. It shares ground with the Cotswold Edge sixth-form.
Chipping Sodbury School was previously administered by South Gloucestershire Council and the Chipping Sodbury School Co-operative Trust as a foundation school. In April 2021 the school converted to academy status and is now part of The Athelstan Trust.
The school has been on its present site since 1938, when Chipping Sodbury Grammar School moved there. It became a comprehensive school in 1970. Chipping Sodbury Grammar School had been established in 1913, in what is now the building called the Old Grammar School and Chipping Sodbury Library. This building has since been owned by Chipping Sodbury Town Hall and the Townlands Charity.
Before converting into an academy, the school had been given 'requires improvement' ratings by the educational review body Ofsted at inspections in December 2013, December 2015 and June 2018.
Chipping Sodbury School offers GCSEs, BTECs and OCR Nationals as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTECs. The sixth form provision of the school is offered in conjunction with Brimsham Green School in Yate.
As of 2018, the school had 772 pupils.

## Notable former pupils

* Roger Morris, Bishop of Colchester
# Jeremy Jackson (fighter)

Jeremy Rea Jackson (born September 19, 1982) is an American former mixed martial artist from California.

## Career

Jackson's first professional MMA fight was on September 9, 2001, against Jake Shields in the Gladiator Challenge 6: Caged Beasts. Jackson has fought in The Ultimate Fighting Championship, Kage Kombat, IFC, King of the Cage, Ultimate Athlete, World Extreme Cagefighting, Gladiator Challenge, Ring Of Honor, and Total Combat. Jeremy Jackson had a trilogy with Nick Diaz. He won via knockout in their first fight, the trilogy ended with him losing two straight to Diaz, the latter loss coming at UFC 44: Undisputed. He competed as a welterweight on The Ultimate Fighter 4 on Spike TV, but was sent home before having a chance to fight after violating the rules of the show.
Although ejected from the tournament, Jackson fought Pete Spratt in the fourth season finale of The Ultimate Fighter. Jackson submitted due to a neck injury in the second round and was released from the UFC.
On June 30, 2008, Jackson was arrested and taken into custody by the Ventura County Sheriff's Office. He was charged with multiple counts of aggravated rape and held on $1 million bail.
Jackson was sentenced to 25 years to life after pleading guilty to the rape charges against his lawyer's advice.

## Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown :
| 14 matches | 9 wins | 5 losses |
| By knockout | 6 | 3 |
| By submission | 2 | 2 |
| By decision | 1 | 0 |
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time |
| Win | 9–5 | Hector Carrilo | TKO (punches) | Total Combat 19 | March 31, 2007 | 1 | N/A |
| Loss | 8–5 | Pete Spratt | TKO (neck injury) | The Ultimate Fighter: The Comeback Finale | November 11, 2006 | 2 | 1:11 |
| Win | 8–4 | Christian Vargas | Submission (rear-naked choke) | TC 10: Total Combat 10 | October 15, 2006 | 1 | 3:56 |
| Win | 7–4 | Mark Moreno | Submission (rear-naked choke) | ROH 1: Ring of Honor 1 | November 22, 2003 | 1 | 1:30 |
| Loss | 6–4 | Nick Diaz | Submission (armbar) | UFC 44 | September 26, 2003 | 3 | 2:04 |
| Loss | 6–3 | Nick Diaz | TKO (punches) | IFC WC 18: Big Valley Brawl | July 19, 2003 | 1 | 4:17 |
| Win | 6–2 | Shonie Carter | Decision (unanimous) | WEC 6 | March 27, 2003 | 3 | 5:00 |
| Win | 5–2 | Nick Diaz | TKO (punches) | UA 4: King of the Mountain | September 28, 2002 | 1 | 0:49 |
| Win | 4–2 | Mike Penalber | TKO (punches) | UA 4: King of the Mountain | September 28, 2002 | 1 | N/A |
| Win | 3–2 | Zach Light | TKO (punches) | UA 4: King of the Mountain | September 28, 2002 | 2 | N/A |
| Win | 2–2 | Eddy Ellis | TKO (punches) | IFC WC 17: Warriors Challenge 17 | July 12, 2002 | 1 | 2:24 |
| Loss | 1–2 | Joe Stevenson | TKO (submission to punches) | KOTC 15: Bad Intentions | June 22, 2002 | 1 | 1:27 |
| Win | 1–1 | Peter Delayo | TKO (strikes) | KK: Kage Kombat | April 6, 2002 | N/A | N/A |
| Loss | 0–1 | Jake Shields | Submission (rear-naked choke) | GC 6: Caged Beasts | September 9, 2001 | 1 | 2:03 |
# Zelu

José Luis García Pérez (born 21 January 1996), commonly known as Zelu, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Recreativo Huelva.

## Club career

Born in Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Andalusia, Zelu finished his formation with Sevilla FC. On 21 July 2015, he moved to Segunda División B side Marbella FC, and made his senior debut on 29 August of that year by playing the last 15 minutes of a 2–2 away draw against UD Melilla.
Zelu scored his first senior goal on 11 October 2015, netting the opener of a 2–3 loss at UD Almería B. The following 28 January, he moved to Málaga CF and was assigned to the reserves in Tercera División.
Zelu returned to the third tier on 30 December 2016, after agreeing to a deal with San Fernando CD. He moved to fellow league team Melilla on 1 August of the following year, and was a regular starter for the club during the campaign, as his side narrowly missed out the play-offs due to goal average.
In July 2018, Zelu signed for Segunda División side Córdoba CF, but was loaned to Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa on 21 August. Back to the Blanquiverdes for 2019–20, he was assigned to the main squad in the third division before moving out on loan to fellow league team UD Logroñés on 30 January 2020.
Zelu contributed with seven appearances (play-offs included) as Logroñés achieved a first-ever promotion to Segunda División. In July 2020, he signed permanently for UDL, after terminating his contract with Córdoba.
Zelu made his professional debut on 12 September 2020, starting in a 0–1 away loss against Sporting de Gijón.
On 17 August 2021, he joined to Primera División RFEF club Badajoz.
# Nafrathu

Nafrathu is a 1994 Maldivian drama film directed by Abdulla Shujau. Produced by Hussain Rasheed under Farivaa Films, the film stars Aishath Shiranee, Nafiu Ali, Nooma Ibrahim, Ali Shameel and Arifa Ibrahim in pivotal roles.

## Cast

* Aishath Shiranee as Fazna
* Nafiu Ali as Nashidh
* Nooma Ibrahim as Shaira
* Ali Shameel as Nahidh
* Arifa Ibrahim as Aneesa; Shaira's mother
* Ibrahim Shakir as Moosafulhu; Nashidh's father
* Aminath Ibrahim Didi as Faahthaanike; Nashidh's mother
* Hamid Wajeeh
* Fathimath Shadhiya
* Adam Unais Zaki
* Hawwa Ennie as young Fazna
* Hassan Niyaz
* Hassan Ifham
# KMRK-FM

KMRK-FM (96.1 FM, "MY Country 96.1") is a radio station that serves the Midland–Odessa metropolitan area with country music. The station is owned by ICA Communications, who acquired this station and its sister stations for $3 million in 2010 from Gap Broadcasting. Gap had acquired the many stations, including this one, from Clear Channel Communications in 2007. One of the first announcements was that KMRK would broadcast the Midland RockHounds' entire 2010 season.
Its studios are located at the ICA Business Plaza on East Eighth Street in Odessa, just east of downtown, and its transmitter is located in Gardendale, Texas.

## History

This station was a Tejano outlet from 1993 until it flipped to Rhythmic contemporary in 2000 as "WiLD 96.1." On July 31, 2008, KMRK flipped to Country and adopted the moniker "My 96.1 Country."
# Chip Wass

Chip Wass (born 1965) is an American illustrator, designer, and animator whose drawings are noted for their ironic style and trenchant comic wit. His art has appeared, among other places, on Nick at Nite and The Cartoon Network, in The New York Times, Entertainment Weekly, and The Washington Post, and on albums of the Florida ska band, Less Than Jake. He has been a jury member of the AIGA (the professional organization for design) and a board member of the AIGA/NY.

## Work and filmography

* Nick at Nite (network IDs) (1996)
* Nick at Nite (network rebrand) (1999)
* Nicktoons Network (logo) (2005)
* Shorty McShorts' Shorts (graphic design) (2006)
** Mascot Prep (2007)
* Listerine ("Agent Cool Blue" character design) (2007)
* Nick Jr. (on-air icons) (2007)
# 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde

4-Chlorobenzaldehyde (p-Chlorobenzaldehyde) is an organic compound with the formula ClC$_5$H$_4$CHO. It is one of three isomeric monochlorinated benzaldehydes.

## Preparation

It can be produced by hydrolysis of 4-chlorobenzal chloride:
    ClC$_5$H$_4$CHCl$_2$ + H$_2$O → ClC$_5$H$_4$CHO + 2 HCl
It can also be produced by the oxidation of 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol. It can be further oxidized to 4-chlorobenzoic acid. It will react with malononitrile to form 4-chlorobenzylidenylmalononitrile.4-Chlorobenzaldehyde reacts with benzylamine to produce N-(4-chlorobenzylidenyl)benzylamine。
# Ksi (Cyrillic)

The Cyrillic script :
Slavic letters :
| А | А̀ | А̂ | А̄ | Ӑ | Ӓ | Б | В |
| Г | Ґ | Д | Ђ | Ѓ | Е | Ѐ | Е̂ |
| Е̄ | Ё | Є | Є́ | Ж | З | З́ | Ѕ |
| И | І | І́ | Ї | Ꙇ | Ѝ | И̂ | Ӣ |
| Й | Ӥ | Ј | К | Л | Љ | М | Н |
| Њ | О | О̀ | О̂ | О̄ | Ӧ | П | Р |
| С | С́ | Т | Ћ | Ќ | У | У̀ | У̂ |
| Ӯ | Ў | Ӱ | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Џ |
| Ш | Щ | Ꙏ | Ъ | Ъ̀ | Ы | Ь | Ѣ |
| Э | Ю | Ю̀ | Я | Я̀ | ʼ | ˮ | |
Non-Slavic letters :
| А̊ | А̃ | Ӓ̄ | Ӕ | Ә | Ә́ | Ә̃ | Ӛ |
| В̌ | Ԝ | Г̑ | Г̇ | Г̣ | Г̌ | Г̂ | Г̆ |
| Г̈ | Г̊ | Ҕ | Ғ | | Ӻ | Ғ̌ | Ғ̊ |
| Ӷ | Г̡ | Д́ | Д̌ | Д̈ | Д̣ | Д̆ | Ӗ |
| Е̃ | Ё̄ | Є̈ | Ԑ | Ԑ̈ | Җ | Ӝ | Ӂ |
| Ж̣ | Ҙ | Ӟ | З̌ | З̣ | З̆ | Ӡ | И̃ |
| И̇ | Ҋ | Қ | Ӄ | Ҡ | Ҟ | Ҝ | К̣ |
| К̊ | Қ̊ | Ԛ | ᴫ | Л́ | Ӆ | Ԯ | Ԓ |
| Л̈ | Ӎ | ᵸ | Н́ | Ӊ | Ң | Ԩ | Ӈ |
| Ҥ | О̆ | О̃ | Ӧ̄ | Ө | Ө̄ | Ө́ | Ө̆ |
| Ӫ | Ԥ | П̈ | Р̌ | Ҏ | С̌ | Ҫ | С̣ |
| С̱ | Т́ | Т̈ | Т̌ | Т̇ | Т̣ | Ҭ | Ᲊ |
| У̃ | У̌ | Ӳ | У̊ | Ӱ̄ | Ұ | Ү | Ү́ |
| Х̣ | Х̱ | Х̮ | Х̑ | Х̌ | Ҳ | Ӽ | Х̊ |
| Ӿ | Ӿ̊ | Һ | Һ̈ | Ԧ | Ц̌ | Ц̈ | Ҵ |
| Ҷ | Ҷ̣ | Ӵ | Ӌ | | Ҹ | Ч̇ | Ч̣ |
| Ҽ | Ҿ | Ш̣ | ꚜ | Ы̆ | Ы̄ | Ӹ | ꚝ |
| Ҍ | Ҩ | Э̆ | Э̄ | Э̇ | Ӭ | Ӭ́ | Ӭ̄ |
| Ю̆ | Ю̈ | Ю̄ | Я̆ | Я̄ | Я̈ | Ӏ | |
Archaic or unused letters :
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓Д̀Д̨ԂꚀꙢЕ̇Е̨Ж̀Ж̑ꙂꙄЏ̆ꚄꚄ̆ꙀЗ̀З̑ԄԆꚈԪꚂꚔІ̂І̣І̨Ј̵Ј̃ꙈК̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂Л̀ԠꙤԈЛ̑Л̇ԔМ̀М̃ꙦН̀Н̄Н̧Н̃ԊԢН̡ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮꚘꚚП̓П̀П́ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀Р̃ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑ꚊТ̧ꚌꚌ̆ѸꙊУ̇У̨ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧Х̾Х̓һ̱ѠꙌѼѾꙠЦ̀Ц́Ц̓ꚎꚎ̆ꚐЧ́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓ԬꚒꚆꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆ꚖꚖ̆Ъ̄Ъ̈Ъ̈̄ꙐЫ̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆ꙒЭ̨Э̂ꙔЮ̂ꙖЯ̈Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦꙘѪꙚѨꙜѬѮѰѲѴѶꙞ :
List of Cyrillic letters
List of Cyrillic multigraphs :
vte :
Ksi (Ѯ, ѯ italics: Ѯ ѯ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, derived from the Greek letter Xi (Ξ, ξ). It was mainly used in Greek loanwords, especially words relating to the Church.
Unlike other eliminated letters such as Omega and Yus, Ksi was a later borrowing from Greek and does not appear in any form in the Glagolitic script, which was used until the Middle Ages.
Ksi was eliminated from the Russian alphabet along with psi, omega, and yus in the Civil Script of 1708 (Peter the Great's Grazhdanka), and has also been dropped from other secular languages. It was briefly restored in 1710 and ultimately deleted in 1735. While it was no longer used in typographic fonts, it continued to be used by the church, and since clergy actively participated in civil censuses, Ksi can be found in multiple handwritten civil texts all the way until the early 1800s.
In the Civil Script during Peter the Great's time, Ksi was also written similarly to an izhitsa with a tail.
Ksi constituted the number "60" in the Cyrillic numeral system.

## Computing codes

Character information :
| Preview | Ѯ | Ѯ | ѯ | ѯ |
| Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1134 | U+046E | 1135 | U+046F |
| UTF-8 | 209 174 | D1 AE | 209 175 | D1 AF |
| Numeric character reference | &#1134; | &#x46E; | &#1135; | &#x46F; |

## Related letters and other similar characters

* X x : Latin letter X
* Х х : Cyrillic letter Kha
* Ξ ξ : Greek letter Xi