OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 6 Mile, Lae

6 Mile is a suburb of Lae in the Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Geography

6 Mile is located 6 miles (9.7 km) from the center of Lae on the Highlands Highway between the foothills of the Atzera Range and the Markham River. The Atzera Range starts at Bugandi and runs adjacent to the Markham River has an elevation of 280 meters above sea level.
Anticlines in the vicinity of Lae, such as the Atzera Range and hills near Situm, appear to indicate that the Ramu-Markham Fault (which follows the northern edge of the Markham Valley) changes dip close to the surface from a steep ramp to a shallow fault, breaching the surface south of Lae.
The Lae Seismic Zone has been identified between the Atzera Range and Situm which has the potential to generate shallow Mw~7.0 earthquakes and landslides around the Atzera Range. The possibility of major landsides in this area has increased as a result of human modification to the natural vegetation cover through clearing and gardening.

## History

Before the construction of the Highlands Highway, a road in the Atzera foothills in the Markham Valley connected Nadzab with Lae and a rough trail on the other side of the Atzeras paralleled this road from Lae to Yalu. Edward's Plantation was located around 5 Mile, Heath's Plantation around 6 Mile, Lane's Plantation and Whittaker's Plantation around 9 Mile and Jensen's Plantation around 10 Mile. On 10 September the 25th Australian Infantry Brigade moved East from Nadzab towards Lae along the Atzera foothills often with fierce battles through these plantations. The battle at Heaths plantation resulted in Richard Kelliher being awarded the Victoria Cross for charging at a Japanese machine gun. The 9th Division approached Lae from the East and on 16 September both units converged on Lae.
The 1983 floods remain the worst natural disaster since the establishment of the town in the late 1920s. Hundreds of people at the Five Mile settlement along the Highland Highway were also affected by mud-slides from the Atzera mountain ranges.

### Atzera Hills Project

In 1978 the Human Ecology Programme of the Department of Minerals and Energy, assisted by the UNEP and UNESCO (Man and the Biosphere MAB Project 11) and in co-operation with the Lae City Council, instigated the Atzera Hills Project, described as an ecologically sound management system to arrest the rapid deterioration and loss of productive capacity of 600 ha of Atzera Hills.
The Atzera project folded after only three years despite efforts to train and raise awareness on the benefits of charcoal, the uptake in PNG households was minimal.
Heavy rains in 2005 resulted in the Morobe administration highlighting the vulnerability of the city to the weather and recommending that a major rehabilitation program be started immediately to reforest the surrounding hills behind the city to prevent soil erosion. This problem has been exacerbated as a result of the increased number of squatter settlements.
# Maria Vassilakou

Maria Vassilakou (Greek: Μαρία Βασιλάκου; born 23 February 1969) is a Greek-born Austrian politician. She served as leader of the Viennese Green Party from 2004 to 2010 and Deputy Mayor and Deputy Governor of Vienna from 2010 to 2019, as well as Executive Councillor for Urban Planning, Traffic & Transport, Climate Protection, Energy Planning and Public Participation (Stadtentwicklung, Verkehr, Klimaschutz, Energieplanung und BürgerInnenbeteiligung). Her successor is Green Party politician Birgit Hebein.
# Dhunuchi Nritya

Dhunuchi Nritya or Dhunuchi Naach is a Bengali traditional dance. This devotional dance is performed during Hindu puja and aarti ceremonies in Bengal.
The dance is seen performed during Durga Puja by devotees, mainly Bengali Hindus. This dance celebrates Goddess Durga's victory over Mahishasura, which incorporates themes of victory and empowerment.

## Dance

Dhunuchi Nritya is deeply associated with Durga Puja, which is traditionally performed by men. Women are now increasingly taking an active part in traditionally masculine dances. The dance is usually performed during the last days of Durga Puja, especially between Ashtami and Dashami.

### Costumes

Both men and women usually wear traditional Bengali clothes while performing the Dhunuchi Nritya. The traditional dance-related dress for women is the garad sari, which Bengali Hindu women wear during puja or sacred religious ceremonies. Dhoti and Kurta-panjabi for men; Dhoti can be white or colored but Kurta-panjabi is of different colors.

### Music and instruments

Dhunuchi dance is mainly presented through musical instruments, song is not required. The main instrument is the Dhak, a traditional Bengali instrument. Also used are Kansor and Ghanta. Both instruments produce loud and heavy sounds. Dancers perform dances to the rhythm created by these loud sounds. It is also seen to carry Gamchas irrespective of men and women.
# Rubylith

Rubylith is a brand of masking film, invented and trademarked by the Ulano Corporation. Today the brand has become genericized to the point that it has become synonymous with all coloured masking films.
Rubylith consists of two films sandwiched together. The bottom layer is a clear polyester backing sheet; the top layer is a translucent, red-(ruby-)coloured sheet. The top layer can be cut and peeled away from the bottom layer. The top layer's colour is light-safe for orthochromatic films (which are sensitive to blue and green light but insensitive to red light).
Rubylith is used in many areas of graphic design, typically to produce masks for various printing techniques. For example it is often used to mask off areas of a design when using a photoresist to produce printing plates for offset lithography or gravure. It is also frequently used during screen-printing.
Ulano also produced a yellow-(amber-)coloured masking film called Amberlith that was light-safe only for blue-sensitive emulsions. They discontinued production in late 2007.

## Typeface production

Letraset, and other typeface foundries that used photographic reproduction, used Rubylith cut by hand with knives to produce primary art that was then photographically reduced to make the final dry-transfer typeface products. The process is described by Freda Sack in an interview with Unit Editions.

## VLSI production

Rubylith was used in the early days of semiconductors and integrated circuits manufacturing as stencils to make photomasks (reticles). The physical layouts of the first generations of Intel microprocessors were first hand drawn on graph paper. A technician would then use a coordinatograph to precisely cut the rubylith (laminated onto a transparent plastic such as mylar) and a knife (X-Acto) to peel the appropriate sections away while it was resting on the light table. The finished Rubylith mechanical masters were then photo reduced (onto a photographic film) up to 100 times and then step and repeated on to glass plates for production use. Usually, several such masks were made that were then used layer by layer.
Shortly after the 8008, Intel started using Calma's computer-aided design system that ran on a Data General minicomputer; the output masters may have stayed Rubylith for a time, but other output options became available. Bell Telephone Laboratories, for example, had a high-resolution photoplotter. The integrated circuit industry left Rubylith behind for technologies that were more efficient.
Certain digital image editing programs that have masking features may use a red overlay to designate masked areas, mimicking the use of actual Rubylith film.

## Manufacturing
### Intel

    For about ten years since 1968 engineers at Intel used manually drawn rubylith schematics to produce its first line of products: SRAM, DRAM, and EPROM memory; notable chips produced by using rubylith include:$^{:6}$
* Intel 3101, first Intel product, a SRAM device$^{:8}$
* Intel 4004
* Intel 8008 (née 1201)
* Intel 8080
* Intel 8085$^{:6}$
* Intel 8086$^{:6}$

### Zilog

* Z80

### MOS Technology

* MOS 6502 (layout by Bill Mensch)
# Art Madrid (Spain)

Art Madrid is a contemporary art fair organized by the company Arte y Asociados in Madrid since the year 2006 and that agrees in the time with ARCO (the International Fair of Contemporary Art). In terms of number of galleries, it is the second largest contemporary art fair in Spain.
In its third annual event, Art Madrid 80 galleries of modern art and contemporary art were present - 59 of them from Spain and 21 international.
In 2007 23,000 visitors and 20 million Euros in sales were surpassed.
Arte y Asociados, Art Madrid's organizing company, is launching the first edition of FIART Valencia, the "International Fair of Modern and Contemporary Art of Valencia". The fairgrounds will include 4,000 square meters of exhibition space and a projection of 50 participating galleries.
FIART Valencia will be held from September 25 to October 1, 2008, at the Feria de Valencia pavilions, coinciding with Habitat Valencia Forward, an event that includes the International Furniture Fair of Valencia and the International Decoration Fair which, in the last edition, received more than 80.000 professional visitors.

## Galleries in Art Madrid 2008

* A. Cortina - Barcelona
* Ab - Antoni Botey - Barcelona
* Alba Cabrera - Valencia
* Aleph - Ciudad Real
* Alexandra Irigoyen - Madrid
* Angel Guido Art Project - Argentina
* Anquins - Reus
* Antonio Prátes - Portugal
* Art Lounge - Portugal
* Arte & Arte Gallery - Madrid
* Arte Privado - Argentina
* Artetrece - Madrid
* Atelier - Barcelona
* La Aurora - Murcia
* Barcelona - Barcelona
* Bat Alberto Cornejo- Madrid
* Beaux Arts Gallery – Miami (EE.UU.)
* Benlliure - Valencia
* Bennassar - Baleares
* Carlos Teixidó - Barcelona
* Carme Espinet - Barcelona
* Carmen Del Campo - Córdoba
* Clave - Murcia
* Comosmoarte - Alicante
* Cordeiros Galería - Portugal
* Cornión - Asturias
* Del Cisne - Madrid
* Del Palau - Valencia
* El Museo - Colombia
* Felisa Navarro - Álava
* Flecha - Madrid
* Francesc Llopis - Barcelona
* Friends Art - Barcelona
* Gabriel Vanrell - Baleares
* Galiano - Cuba
* Gallery Bandi - Corea
* Gallery Lazar Vujic - Eslovenia
* Giart - Girona
* Gómez Turu Gallery - Barcelona
* Hispánica - Madrid
* Jordi Pascual - Barcelona
* Katuin - Holanda
* Levy - Alemania
* Lina Davidov - Francia
* Lorenart - Madrid
* Luis Burgos - Madrid
* Manel Mayoral - Barcelona
* Maneu - Baleares
* Marges U - Girona
* Marimón - Baleares
* Marita Segovia - Madrid
* Michael Schmalfuss - Alemania
* Mikel Armendia - Navarra
* Mito - Barcelona
* Múltiple - Madrid
* Muro - Valencia
* Nave Del Arte - Madrid
* Paloma Larroy - Madrid
* Perve - Portugal
* Pilares - Cuenca
* Praxis - Nueva York (EE.UU.)
* Preciado Fine Art – Miami (EE.UU.)
* Principal Art - Barcelona
* Punto - Valencia
* El Quatre - Barcelona
* Rafael Lozano - Madrid
* Raiña Lupa - Barcelona
* Rayuela - Madrid
* Rita Castellote - Madrid
* Rosalía Sender - Valencia
* Sao Mamede - Portugal
* Sen - Madrid
* Servando - Cuba
* Set Espai Dart - Alicante
* Tizas - Madrid
* Toulouse – Rio de Janeiro (Brasil)
* Trazos Gallery - Canadá
* Tres Punts - Barcelona
* Vali30 - Valencia
* Xanon - Bilbao
# Krajów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Krajów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyce, within Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# 1944 Svenska Cupen final

The 1944 Svenska Cupen final took place on 1 October 1944 at Råsunda in Solna. It was contested between Allsvenskan sides IFK Norrköping and Malmö FF. IFK Norrköping played their second consecutive final and their second final in total, Malmö FF played their first cup final ever. Malmö FF won their first title with a 4–3 victory after extra time. 35,087 spectators attended the match which remains the record for the Svenska Cupen Final.

## Match details

| Malmö FF | IFK Norrköping |
MALMÖ FF: :
| GK | Helge Bengtsson |
| DF | Hans Malmström |
| DF | Erik Nilsson |
| DF | Kjell Rosén |
| DF | Sture Mårtensson |
| MF | Kjell Hjertsson |
| MF | Egon Jönsson |
| MF | Börje Tapper |
| MF | Gustaf Nilsson |
| FW | Carl-Erik Sandberg |
| FW | Stellan Nilsson |
| Manager: ||||
| István Wampetits ||||
IFK NORRKÖPING: :
| GK | Torsten Lindberg |
| DF | Knut Nordahl |
| DF | Gösta Malm |
| DF | Birger Rosengren |
| DF | Einar Stéen |
| MF | Lennart Wigren |
| MF | Halvar Carlbom |
| MF | Sven Persson |
| MF | Gunnar Nordahl |
| FW | Erik Holmqvist |
| FW | Georg Ericson |
| Manager: ||||
| Lajos Czeizler ||||
# A33 road (Botswana)

The A33 is a 363-kilometre-long (226 mi) road in Botswana that connects the Caprivi Strip of Namibia as well as Zambia with Nata via Kazungula. It is an important route used by motorists from Zambia and the Caprivi Strip to access the towns of Botswana.

## Route

The A33 begins at the Ngoma border with Namibia on the Chobe River, with the town of Ngoma in the Caprivi Strip on the other side of the river. The road on the Namibian side is designated as the B8 road. The A33 begins by heading eastwards for 65 kilometres, through the northern part of the Chobe National Park, following the Chobe River, to pass by the Kasane Airport and the town of Kasane before reaching the border settlement of Kazungula (just south of the Chobe River's confluence with the Zambezi River). Here, it reaches a junction, where the road northwards proceeds to Zambia via the Kazungula Bridge (crossing the Zambezi River and becoming the M19 road on the other side of the border) (the border town on the Zambian side is also called Kazungula) and the road eastwards proceeds to Zimbabwe (to Victoria Falls) (the border with Zimbabwe is also called Kazungula).
At Kazungula, the A33 turns to the south and proceeds for 300 kilometres, following the borderline with Zimbabwe, through Lesoma and Pandamatenga, crossing into the Central District and passing through Matlamanyane, to reach its end at a junction with the A3 road in the town of Nata.
# Conyza pannosa

Conyza pannosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The species is endemic to Cape Verde. It is listed as an endangered plant by the IUCN. The plant was named by Philip Barker Webb in 1849. Its local name is taba.

## Distribution and ecology

Conyza pannosa occurs in the islands of Santo Antão, São Vicente, Santiago, São Nicolau and Brava. It is confined to humid areas, but in Santo Antão, they are also founded in semi-humid and semi-arid areas.
# Chieftain's Salute

Chieftain's Salute is a concerto in one movement for Great Highland Bagpipe and orchestra by Graham Waterhouse. The work is one of few to use the bagpipe with a classical orchestra. A version for bagpipe and string orchestra, Op. 34a, was composed in 2001. It is based on an earlier work for bagpipe and string quartet. Jacobean Salute was also derived from the early work, with a wind quintet replacing the bagpipe, published in 2003. A version for bagpipe and orchestra was composed and first performed in 2015.

## Background and history

At Scottish Highland gatherings, a "Salute" is played to honour a person, here the "Chieftain" (the Head of a Clan). Waterhouse composed the first version of Chieftain's Salute in 1994 for bagpipe and string quartet, for a fund-raising event. He wrote a version for bagpipe and string orchestra, Op. 34a, in 2001. It was premiered and first recorded with soloist Graham Waller. In 2015 Waterhouse wrote a version for bagpipe and symphony orchestra. It was first performed on 8 November 2015 at the Capitol Theater in Offenbach am Main, again with Graham Waller as the soloist and the Neue Philharmonie Frankfurt conducted by Steven Lloyd González.
Waterhouse derived from the first work in 1994 also Jacobean Salute, a version without bagpipe, but scored for wind quintet (flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon), and string quintet (two violins, viola, cello and double bass), with the winds mainly playing the role of the bagpipe. Glissandi of the strings imitate the blowing of the pipes (Durchpusten der Pfeifen). It was premiered in 1995 and published in 2003 by Lienau in Frankfurt.

## Music

The opening theme is based on "Lady Doyle's Salute", a lament from the 17th century. The strings play alone for a while, the bagpipe enters, also first playing first, then both interact, with the strings at times imitating the drones of the bagpipe. Later passages are reminiscent of the old Scottish dances jig and reel, in variations with "increasing complex figurations".

## Performances and recording

Jacobean Salute was first performed in 1995, and notably played in a composer portrait concert at the Gasteig in Munich on 5 October 2003, along with the Piccolo Quintet, the premiere of the Bassoon Quintet, the Nonet and other chamber music, played by Burkhard Jäckle, Lisa Outred, Albert Osterhammer, Ulrich Haider, Lyndon Watts, Odette Couch, Kirsty Hilton, Isabel Charisius, the composer and Matthias Weber (including several members of the Munich Philharmonic), conducted by Yaron Traub.
The version for bagpipe and string orchestra was recorded in 2002 (released in 2004) by Graham Waller and the English Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Traub. A reviewer noted that it is "a deeply serious work", with the Highland Bagpipe "a real partner in this virile, rousing piece of music".
# Augusta, Gibson and Sandersville Railroad

The Augusta, Gibson and Sandersville Railroad was incorporated in 1884 and began operating from Augusta to Gibson and Sandersville, Georgia, in 1885 and 1886, respectively. In 1893, it went bankrupt and was reorganized as the Augusta Southern Railroad. The line ran as 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge until 1895.
# Ban Khor Sign Language

Ban Khor Sign Language (BKSL; Thai: ภาษามือบ้านค้อ) is a village sign language used by at least 400 people of a rice-farming community in the village of Ban Khor in a remote area of Isan (northeastern Thailand). Known locally as pasa kidd ('language of the mute'), it developed in the 1930s due to a high number of deaf people. Estimated number of users in 2009 was 16 deaf and approximately 400 hearing out of 2741 villagers. It is a language isolate, independent of the other sign languages of Thailand such as Old Bangkok Sign Language and the national Thai Sign Language.
Thai Sign Language is increasingly exerting an influence on BKSL. Younger Deaf attend distant residential Deaf schools where they learn Thai Sign Language. Even middle-aged hearing people are using Thai SL vocabulary mixed with BKSL. Attitudes favoring Thai SL over BKSL are beginning to be expressed.

## Other local sign languages

Other village sign languages have been reported from the Ban Khor area, in the villages of Plaa Pag, Huay Hai and Na Sai. They have not been documented, so it is not known if they are dialects of BKSL or if they are distinct languages.
# NGC 3239

NGC 3239 is an irregular galaxy in the constellation of Leo. It was the host of SN 2012A, the first supernova discovered in 2012 and a Type II-P that reached a peak visual magnitude of +13.83. The galaxy was discovered in 1784 by William Herschel and is part of the New General Catalogue. It harbors a large and relatively bright H II region in its southeastern section that was first cataloged by Russian astronomer Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov as VV95b. It's believed that NGC 3239 is the result of a galactic merger with a low-mass galaxy.
# Wauconda, Washington

Wauconda is a small unincorporated community in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. Once a boom town, it has dwindled almost to nothing; it is now under single ownership.

## History

Wauconda was founded in 1898 as a mining community. Three brothers from Wauconda, Illinois, discovered gold in the area and decided to name the mine after their hometown. Four mines, the Oregonian Mine and three Wauconda Mines, eventually operated in the area, quickly swelling the area's population to over 300. By 1900 the town had a general store, and by 1901 it had a post office, although the location was two miles west of the original camp. At its peak there were about 1,000 residents.
In the early 1900s the output of the mines declined and they were eventually closed. In 1929, the state built Highway 20 on a route that bypassed the town, so the town was relocated to be on the new road. The abandoned former town location is now a ghost town.
Present-day Wauconda is much smaller than the old mining boomtown. Its small commercial district has a post office, gas station, general store, and restaurant, all with a single private owner. In 2008, owner Daphne Fletcher placed the town's commercial properties, along with a residence, up for sale with an asking price of $1,125,000. In March 2010, Fletcher put the combined properties for sale on eBay, promoting the sale as a "town for auction". A couple from Healesville, Victoria, in Australia, won the auction with a purchase price of $370,601, but failed to complete the transaction due to financial and health concerns. Two weeks later, the town was sold to a couple, Neal and Maddie Love, from Bothell, Washington, for $360,000. However, when Neal Love found steady employment in North Dakota, the couple closed the store in June 2015.

## Geography

Wauconda is located on a plateau about 23 miles (37 km) east of Tonasket, Washington, near Wauconda Pass and the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. State Route 20 travels through the settlement. It is near the headwaters of a fork of Granite Creek, which empties into the Sanpoil River at nearby Republic, Washington.
# Gun Grit

Gun Grit is a 1936 American western film directed by William Berke and starring Jack Perrin, David Sharpe and Roger Williams. It was produced on Poverty Row as a second feature. The film is also known by the alternative title of Protection Racket in the United Kingdom.

## Plot

Gangsters from the big city attempt to expand their empire by establishing a protection racket amongst cattle ranchers but are battled by Federal agent Bob Blake.

## Cast

* Jack Perrin as Bob Blake
* Ethel Beck as Jean Hess
* David Sharpe as Dave Hess
* Roger Williams as Mack (Gang Boss)
* Ralph Peters as Henchman Dopey
* Frank Hagney as Henry Hess - an FBI Chief
* Jimmy Aubrey as The Janitor
* Ed Cassidy as Tim Hess (Rancher)
* Phil Dunham as Henchman Looie
* Oscar Gahan as Henchman Don
* Earl Dwire as Uncle Joe Hess
* Horace Murphy as Rancher Sully
* Lester William Berke as Bobby Hess
* Budd Buster as Henchman
* Olin Francis as Murray
* Herman Hack as Federal Agent
* Braveheart as Hess' dog
* Starlight the Horse as Starlight, Bob's horse
# Heinz Fahnler

Heinz Fahnler (10 August 1942 – 17 September 2008) was an Austrian football referee.

## Refereeing career

Fahnler passed his referee exam in 1962, and in 1976 he became a referee in the Austrian Football Bundesliga. Two years later, Fahnler was appointed as a FIFA referee.
In 1984, Fahnler was selected as a referee for UEFA Euro 1984, where he officiated a group stage match between Portugal and Romania.
Fahnler served as a UEFA delegate from 1990 until 2008, when he suffered a heart attack and died in Madrid before his role as a delegate for the UEFA Champions League match between Real Madrid and BATE Borisov.