OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cheryl Cosim

Cheryl Kathleen Cosim-Alvarez (Tagalog:; born February 7, 1974) is a Filipino journalist, news anchor and TV host, who has appeared on ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs and News5.

## Career

She began her career as a journalist at ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, hosting the programs Magandang Umaga, Pilipinas, Salamat Dok, the hourly news updates, and Gising Pilipinas on DZMM. After 14 years at ABS-CBN, she joined News5, the news department of TV5 as an on-air presenter in summer 2010. Cosim became the co-anchor of Aksyon with Erwin Tulfo. In 2014, she became the news anchor on the late-night newscast Aksyon Tonite.
In 2016, Cosim joined Aksyon sa Umaga together with Mel Sta. Maria, replacing Martin Andanar and Erwin Tulfo.
Cosim currently heads the network's afternoon newscast One Balita Pilipinas, the primetime newscast Frontline Pilipinas, alongside Julius Babao and Jiggy Manicad, and the public service radio program, Sagot Kita.

## Personal life

She is married to John Francis Alvarez, a businessman who used to reside in the United States.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 1996–2007 | Alas Singko y Medya | Host | ABS-CBN |
| 1996–2001 | Balitang K | Reporter | ABS-CBN |
| 2005–2010 | News Patrol | News anchor | ABS-CBN |
| 2004–2010 | Salamat Dok | Host | ABS-CBN |
| 2010–2020 | Alagang Kapatid | Host | TV5 |
| 2010–2014; 2017–2018 | Aksyon | News anchor; relief anchor for Cruz-Valdes | TV5 |
| 2011–2012 | Sapul sa Singko | Host | TV5/AksyonTV |
| 2012 | Insider | Host | TV5 |
| 2012–2014 | Good Morning Club | Host | TV5 |
| 2014 | Numero | Host | TV5 |
| 2014–2019 | Aksyon Tonite | News anchor | TV5 |
| 2016–2017 | Aksyon sa Umaga | News anchor | TV5 |
| 2017 | Reaksyon | Substitute anchor for Cruz-Valdes | TV5 |
| 2019–2020 | Sa Totoo Lang | Host | One PH |
| 2019–present | One Balita Pilipinas | News anchor | One PH |
| 2020–present | Frontline Pilipinas | News anchor | TV5/One PH |
| 2021–2022 | All Politics is Local | Co-host | One PH |
| 2021–2022 | KandidaTalks | Host | One PH |
| 2022 | Bilang Kandidato | Host | TV5 |

### Radio

| Year | Title | Role | Station |
| 2006–2009 | Gising Pilipinas | News anchor | DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 |
| 2011–2012 | Diretsahan | Host | Radyo5 92.3 News FM |
| 2014–2016 | Healthline with Cheryl Cosim | Host | Radyo5 92.3 News FM |
| 2015–2020 | Alagang Kapatid | Host | Radyo5 92.3 News FM |
| 2017–2019 | Serbisyong Kapatid | Host | Radyo5 92.3 News FM |
| 2019–2020 | Early All Ready | Co-Host | Radyo5 92.3 News FM |
| 2019–2023 | Perfect Morning | Host | Radyo5 92.3 News FM |
| 2019–2020 | Sa Totoo Lang | Co-Host | Radyo5 92.3 News FM |
| 2023–present | Sagot Kita! | Host | 92.3 Radyo5 True FM |

## Awards
### Gawad Tanglaw

* 2014 - Best Female News Program Anchor

### KBP Golden Dove (Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas)

* 2013 - Best Female Newscaster

### Inding-Indie Short Film Festival

* 2015 - Most Outstanding Broadcaster Asian Media Award
* 2016 - Best News Anchor
# Contribution

Contribution may refer to:

## Music

* Contribution (album), by Mica Paris (1990)
** "Contribution" (song), title song from the album
* Contribution, a 1976 album by Shawn Phillips
* A contribution concert is where a band plays in the songs of or in the style of a separate band

## Finance and law

* Contribution (law), an agreement between defendants in a suit to apportion liability
* Contributions, a vital goal of fundraising
* Contribution margin, the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit
* Contribution, a principle of insurance

## Sport

* Goal contribution, a player statistic in association football
# Paramanatham

Paramanatham is a village in Sankarapuram Taluk, Kallakurichi district, Tamil Nadu. As of 2001 census, the village had a population of 2284 people spread over 494 households. The nearest major town is Ulundurpettai.
# Cofman

Cofman is a Danish travel portal company founded in 2000 with the aim to index all holiday rental homes European wide and the ability for customers to instantly identify and reserve relevant holiday homes instantly online.

## History

The service was first launched in early 2000 - in two languages and featuring some 800 vacation houses. By mid-2004, the service was available in 5 languages and featured more than 10,000 vacation homes.
Houses outside Denmark was included for the first time in 2007, and the database has grown to more than 200,000 vacation homes in 9 languages (English, German, Danish, Italian, Spanish, French, Swedish, Dutch and Norwegian) as of March 2012.

## Technology

The company is mainly developing their own proprietary algorithms to identify available and cost efficient holiday homes throughout the countries covered with the main focus on Denmark and Germany where they are often referenced by popular local media.
# Don Hanski

Donald Thomas Hanski (February 27, 1916 – September 2, 1957) was an American professional baseball first baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox. His birth name was Donald Thomas Hanyzewski. He used Hanski as his professional name but did not legally change it until 1954. His cousin was Ed Hanyzewski who played for the Chicago Cubs during the 1940s.
During 1943 and 1944, due to World War II travel restrictions, baseball teams were not allowed to travel to Arizona or California for spring training. Both the Sox and the Chicago Cubs held their spring training in French Lick, Indiana. The training was held at the French Lick Spring Hotel.
# Noriega: God's Favorite

Noriega: God's Favorite is a 2000 biographical made-for-television film starring Bob Hoskins as Manuel Noriega.

## Synopsis

The film tells the story of the rise of general Manuel Antonio Noriega from utter poverty to military dictator of Panama. It chronicles his involvement with drug cartels as well as the U.S. government during the Iran–Contra affair.

## Cast

* Bob Hoskins as Manuel Noriega
* Jeffrey DeMunn as Nuncio
* Rosa Blasi as Vicky Amador
* Luis Avalos as President Nicky Barletta
* Denise Blasor as Felicidad Noriega
* Nestor Carbonell as Major Moisés Giroldi
* Tony Plana as Colonel Diaz-Herrera
* Sabi Dior as Irwin
* John Verea as Father Jorge
* Richard Masur as Mark
* David Marshall Grant as Drug dealer
* Michael Sorich as Fidel Castro
* Jorge Luis Abreu as Witch doctor
* Edward Edwards as Oliver North
* Susan Africa as Adela Giroldi
* Ina Alegre as Prostitute
* Ivan Allen as Newscaster
* Ed Aquino as Giroldi's Man
* Ed Bouffard as Newscaster
* Janice Brillotes as Yacht woman
* Jennifer Cain as Swiss receptionist
* Ivo Cutzarida as Hugo Spadafora
* Subas Herrero as Gabriel Arias
* Tonyo Meléndez as Pepe Velasquez
* Frank Roman as Cesar Rodriguez
* Bart Suretsky as Kiki Pretelet
* Veronica Veron as Chaquita

## Reception

Reviews were generally positive. Anita Gates of The New York Times wrote, "If I had seen Bob Hoskins play Manuel Antonio Noriega earlier, I would have paid a lot more attention to the American invasion of Panama." Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times wrote that Bob Hoskins "captures best the contradictions of a man at once endearing and despicable." One reviewer wrote that "the hair-raising career of deposed Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega surpassed even the surreal creations of many Latin American novelists, thus making him a natural movie subject". Hoskins was nominated for a Satellite Award for his role in the film.
# Heilig-Meyers

Heilig-Meyers was a retail furniture store chain founded in Goldsboro, North Carolina, in 1913 by two Lithuanian immigrants, W. A. Heilig and J. M. Meyers. Its corporate headquarters was in Richmond, Virginia. The chain grew to become the largest furniture retailer in the United States in the 1990s, ultimately having over 1,000 stores nationwide (including Puerto Rico).
Its over-expansion—by purchasing over 100 McMahan's Furniture stores based in Carlsbad, California, in 1993, as well as other stores and chains in the West—contributed to its failure. The company also bought the L. Fish furniture chain in the Chicago area; those stores were closed in 1999.
Heilig-Meyers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on August 17, 2000, and subsequently announced the liquidation of its inventory, with all of their stores closing by mid-2001. The Richmond Times-Dispatch reported in 2000 that the company failed when its large expansion did not succeed in creating sufficient revenue and when customers who had previously used the company's in-house credit began using credit cards instead. The company's credit customers had grown increasingly weary of lower quality. All of its stores were closed at the end of the year, except for its RoomStore-branded locations, which remained open. In 2005, RoomStore, the only part of Heilig-Meyers remaining, emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy after receiving $35,000,000 (~$52.5 million in 2023) to pay off its debts; RoomStore would be liquidated seven years later.
The company, which had sponsored NASCAR Winston Cup drivers Bobby Hillin Jr., Dick Trickle and Mike Wallace, was one of the last furniture companies to finance its own accounts. The last CEO/President was Bill DeRusha.
# Hernando Alonso

Hernando Alonso (c. 1460 – 17 October 1528) was a Spanish conquistador. He is believed to be the first Jew to come to the New World, and was the first person in the New World to be burned at the stake.$^{:49}$

## Biography

He was possibly from Moguer, in Andalusia.$^{:24}$
Originally, he was a blacksmith. He married Beatriz, sister of Diego de Ordaz.$^{:50}$
He arrived in Mexico along with Pánfilo de Narváez around 1520 or 1521. At this time, he was over 60 years old.$^{:11}$ He was involved in the Fall of Tenochtitlan, having been one of the shipbuilders who built the brigs,$^{:103–104}$ and was also likely present at La Noche Triste.$^{:12}$
He left the army, and was involved in the meat trade between 1524 and 1528.
His wife Beatriz had died sometime before the siege of Mexico. According to remembrances of him, he remarried, first to a woman named Ana; after Ana's death, he married Isabel de Aguilar.$^{:24–25}$$^{:49}$ After his death, Isabel de Aguilar married a conquistador, Juan Perez de Gama, and moved to Seville.$^{:21}$ His daughter with Beatriz, also named Beatriz, married Alonso de Nuñez in Seville.$^{:103}$
In 1528, he was arrested on charges of Judaizing. Three charges were brought against him. One charge was of pouring wine on his 2-year-old son's body, letting the wine drip off his son, and drinking the wine, in mockery of baptism. Another accused him of forbidding his wife to attend Mass so that she would not violate the law of Niddah. The third one was having baptized his son according to Jewish law. According to historian Boleslao Lewin, the charges were likely based on at least partially fabricated evidence;$^{:294}$ nevertheless, Alonso was tortured until he confessed, and was subsequently burnt at the stake. His brother, Gonzalo de Morales, was also burnt at the stake on the same day.$^{:292}$
Reportedly, two or three of his children were living in Mexico City in 1574.$^{:21}$

### Legacy

American writer Alan Cheuse wrote the story Hernando Alonso based on the life of Alonso. It was published in 1998 as part of his anthology Lost and Old Rivers.
# Chyhyryn Campaign (1674)

The Chyhyryn Campaign or Chigirin Campaign was an unsuccessful siege conducted by the Russian-Cossack forces in order to oust Petro Doroshenko from power, along with Ottoman-Crimean forces on his side.

## Prelude

On June 9, Doroshenko attempted to ambush the Cossack-Russian forces during their campaign. However, Doroshenko's Cossack-Tatar detachment was defeated and he fled to Chyhyryn. Doroshenko was now at risk of being decisively defeated and captured in his fortress, so he had to ask Mehmed IV for military support, but Ottoman army could only arrive later. On July 20, Russian-Cossack forces crossed the Dnieper and headed for Chyhyryn. Sultan was informed of this and forced to divert his forces from operations in Poland to assist Doroshenko.

## Campaign

On July 23, Russian-Cossack forces besieged Chyhyryn. Doroshenko attempted counterattack, which was unsuccessful. However, the Russian army was in poor shape, only 11,463 Russian troops were combat-ready. There were 15,000-20,000 left-bank Cossacks.
On July 26, Russian troops shelled Chyhyryn. However, there was a lack of large-caliber artillery so it wasn't possible to demolish the fortress. Grigory Romodanovsky chose to blockade the fortress as an alternative. On July 28, Doroshenko was sent an offer to capitulate, which he rejected. On July 29-30, Ottoman army headed to Uman.
During August 7-9, Ottoman forces fought with Ladyzhyn garrison, which eventually came under Ottoman control and the settlement was sacked. Russian-Cossack forces learnt about the approach of main Ottoman army, so they were forced to abandon their plans and retreat.

## Aftermath

The Ottoman-led army forced the Russian-Cossack forces to lift the siege of Chyhyryn with their actions. On August 12, main Cossack-Russian forces retreated to Cherkasy. On August 14, Cossack-Tatar forces pursued them there, but didn't make large-scale assaults and withdrew the same day. On August 25, Ottoman-Crimean army captured Uman. However, on August 29, Ottoman-Crimean forces made a decision not to make further advances. Ottoman-Crimean army ravaged settlements on the way back.
# Alexander Dmitriyevich Polyakov

Alexander Dmitriyevich Polyakov (Russian: Александр Дмитриевич Поляков) (born 19 April 1959) is a Russian diplomat.
Polyakov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1981 and entered the service of the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the same year. He held various positions in the central offices of the Ministry and the Embassy in Budapest, where from 2000—2004 he was Senior Adviser, Minister-Counsellor. From December 2004 to 9 June 2008, he was Deputy Director of the Third European Department at the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
On 10 June 2008, Polyakov was appointed by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev as Ambassador of Russia to Nigeria, and he presented his Letters of Credence to Nigerian President Umaru Yar'Adua on 4 December 2008. He has 2 children Mary and Vladimir and a wife Marina.
# Depression cake

Depression cake is a type of cake that was commonly made during the Great Depression. The ingredients include little or no milk, sugar, butter, or eggs, because the ingredients were then either expensive or hard to obtain. Similar cakes are known as "War Cake", as they avoided ingredients that were scarce or were being conserved for the use of soldiers. A common depression cake is also known as "Boiled Raisin Cake", "Milkless, Eggless, Butterless Cake", or "Poor Man's Cake". "Boiled" refers to the boiling of raisins with the sugar and spices to make a syrup base early in the recipe. However, some bakers do include butter. Boiled raisin-type cakes date back at least to the American Civil War.

## History

Depression cake has been referred to as "War Cake" by texts dating back to World War I. In a pamphlet distributed by the United States Food Administration in 1918 entitled "War Economy in Food", War Cake is listed under "Recipes for Conservation Sweets". The United States Food Administration stressed the importance of reducing sugar consumption during the war and offered molasses, corn syrup, and raisins in its place.
When the Great Depression hit America following the Stock Market Crash of 1929, families were forced to stretch their budgets and "make do" with minimal and cheap ingredients when it came to cooking. Some women had to feed their families on $5 per week. Dessert became a luxury for most, and depression cake was a more affordable alternative to other cakes that used milk, eggs, and butter. Affordability was achieved through ingredient substitution. For example, shortening was substituted for butter, water was substituted for milk, and baking powder was substituted for eggs. Depression cake is just one of many examples of ingredient substitution during the Great Depression, as some women took full advantage of the practice by making mock foods such as mock apple pie and mock fish.
Radio shows and women's periodicals played a large role in circulating the recipe for depression cake during the Great Depression. Betty Crocker's Cooking Hour was one such show that provided women with budget-friendly recipes. General Mills, owner of Betty Crocker, employed nutritionists and cooks to experiment with different ways of "ruining" a cake, such as ingredient omission. Loring Schuler's Ladies' Home Journal was a publication that also offered baking tips during the Great Depression, recommending replacing eggs with baking powder and using inexpensive grains and produce. A recipe titled "War Cake" was published in M.F.K. Fisher's book How to Cook a Wolf and republished in her The Art of Eating; it uses bacon grease on the premise that spices will mask its taste.
Praised for its practicality and declared to be "the most worthwhile cake ever made," depression cake was still baked in America as of the late 20th century. The recipe for it has been featured in an array of publications such as The Telegraph-Herald, The Pittsburgh Press, and The Modesto Bee.
# Cun (unit)

A cun (Chinese: 寸 ts'wun; Pinyin cùn IPA |mi=), often glossed as the Chinese inch, is a traditional Chinese unit of length. Its traditional measure is the width of a person's thumb at the knuckle, whereas the width of the two forefingers denotes 1.5 cun and the width of four fingers (except the thumb) side-by-side is 3 cuns. It continues to be used to chart acupuncture points on the human body, and, in various uses for traditional Chinese medicine.
The cun was part of a larger decimal system. A cun was made up of 10 fen, which depending on the period approximated lengths or widths of millet grains, and represented one-tenth of a chi ("Chinese foot"). In time the lengths were standardized, although to different values in different jurisdictions. (See Chi (unit) for details.)
In Hong Kong, using the traditional standard, it measures ~3.715 cm (~1.463 in) and is written "tsun". In the twentieth century in the Republic of China, the lengths were standardized to fit with the metric system, and in current usage in People's Republic of China and Taiwan it measures ⁠3+1/3⁠ cm (~1.312 in).
In Japan, the corresponding unit, sun (寸), was standardized at 1000⁄33 mm (3.03 cm, ~1.193 in, or ~0.09942 ft).
# Battle of Snuol

The Battle of Snuol, fought in Snuol, Cambodia, was a major battle of the Vietnam War, between the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) as part of Operation Toan Thang 1/71. The battle lasted from 25 to 30 May 1971.

## Background

Operation Toan Thang 1/71 was launched with the purpose of destroying PAVN and Khmer Rouge bases and to help the Cambodian forces reestablish control over the area north of Highway 7 up to the Mekong River town of Kratié. Despite some engagements in late February, mid-March and early April the PAVN largely avoided contact.$^{:47–9}$

## Battle

In late May the PAVN learned that the South Vietnamese planned to withdraw a task force of the 5th Infantry Division from Snuol. On 25 May, three PAVN regiments massed to cut Highway 13, thereby trapping the task force in Snuol. Intense antiaircraft fire prevented the allies from resupplying the town by air, and after three days of fighting the South Vietnamese position became untenable. The South Vietnamese sent a brigade-size relief column up Highway 13 from South Vietnam to link up with the beleaguered contingent as it fought its way out of Snuol. A U.S. adviser described the scene: "What had been a controlled operation was turned into a rout as units that were supposed to occupy night defensive positions continued down the road and suffered heavy personnel and equipment losses."$^{:49}$

## Aftermath

By the time the relief operation ended on 31 May the PAVN had lost 1,143 dead and 186 weapons in the fight, while the South Vietnamese had lost 133 killed, 494 wounded, 130 missing, 947 individual weapons, 83 crew-served weapons, 41 mortars and artillery pieces, 198 armored personnel carriers, 6 tanks and 41 vehicles.$^{:49}$
The PAVN claim to have eliminated 14,000 ARVN and 6,000 Khmer National Army troops, destroyed over 1,500 vehicles (including 369 tanks and armored vehicles) and 169 artillery pieces and shot down 200 aircraft and captured 700 prisoners, 1,800 weapons, 34 vehicles and other ammunition and supplies during the operation.
The battle rendered the ARVN 5th Division combat ineffective in the estimation of its American advisers.$^{:338–9}$ According to II Field Force, Vietnam commander Michael S. Davison, the 5th Division troops were close to mutiny.$^{:478}$
# Nicole Key

Nicole Leanne Key is an American mechanical engineer. She was a Fellow of the ASME. She is a member of the NASA Advisory Council.

## Life

She graduated from Purdue University. She is a professor at Purdue University.

## Works

* Clement, Jack T.; Coon, Adam T.; Key, Nicole L. (2024-10-08). "Development of an Additively Manufactured Stationary Diffusion System for a Research Aeroengine Centrifugal Compressor". Journal of Turbomachinery. 147 (3). ASME International. doi:10.1115/1.4066563. ISSN 0889-504X.
* Besem, Fanny M.; Kielb, Robert E.; Galpin, Paul; Zori, Laith; Key, Nicole L. (2016-02-09). "Mistuned Forced Response Predictions of an Embedded Rotor in a Multistage Compressor". Journal of Turbomachinery. 138 (6). ASME International. doi:10.1115/1.4032164. ISSN 0889-504X.
* Key, Nicole L.; Arts, Tony (2004-03-01). "Comparison of Turbine Tip Leakage Flow for Flat Tip and Squealer Tip Geometries at High-Speed Conditions". Journal of Turbomachinery. 128 (2). ASME International: 213–220. doi:10.1115/1.2162183. ISSN 0889-504X.
# Operation Schamil

Operation Schamil was a code-name for a German Abwehr operation to airdrop special forces ahead of the main attacking force against the Soviet town of Grozny which was a major oil production and refining center and, together with Maykop and Baku, was the primary objective for the German 1942 summer offensive by Army Group A led by Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm List. It was named after Imam Shamil.
The plan called for the Lehr-Regiment Brandenburg zBV 800 (a special operations unit) to be dropped in advance of the 1st Panzer Army to establish contacts with the local insurgents, capture oil refineries by surprise, and protect them from destruction by the retreating Soviet Red Army. In August–September 1942, five groups (57 men in total) were parachuted into the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. They succeeded in capturing the oil refinery in Grozny, but had to retreat when the main German army was stopped about 55 miles (89 km) from Grozny. One of the groups succeeded in establishing contacts with rebel leader Hasan Israilov. Additional three groups (20 men) followed in August 1943; their task was to hinder Soviet counter-offensive.
In terms of ethnic background, the 77 men were 15 Germans, 21 Ossetians, 16 Ingush, 13 Chechens, five Dagestanis, three Circassians, two Georgians, a Russian and a Kazakh. These men were trained by the Operation Zeppelin which, over the course of the war, airdropped some 50 diversionary groups in North Caucasus and Transcaucasia.