OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Carey (bishop)

William Carey (1769–1846) was an English churchman and headmaster, Bishop of Exeter and Bishop of St Asaph.

## Life

He was born on 18 November 1769. His success in life was due to William Vincent, by whose help he was admitted to Westminster School; in 1784 he was elected a king's scholar, in 1788 he became the captain of the school, and in the following year he was elected to Christ Church, Oxford, which was at that time presided over by Cyril Jackson. He took the degree of M.A. in 1796. and became a tutor of his house, where he also filled the office of censor from 1798 to 1802. While connected with Oxford life he held the incumbency of the neighbouring church of Cowley, and near the close of his academic career, in 1801, he was nominated one of the preachers at Whitehall Chapel. The prebendal stall of Knaresborough-cum-Bickhill in York Cathedral was conferred on him in 1804, and he instituted to the vicarage of Sutton-in-the-Forest.
Through the influential support of Cyril Jackson, Carey was appointed to the head-mastership of Westminster School in January 1803, staying until December 1814. He proceeded to the degree of B.D. in 1804, and to that of D.D. in 1807. The honorary post of sub-almoner to the king was given to him in 1808, and in March 1809 he received a prebend at Westminster. On resigning his position at his old school he withdrew to his country living, residing there until 1820, when he was called to preside over the diocese of Exeter. At Exeter he remained for ten years, when he was translated to St Asaph, being elected to his new see on 12 March 1830 and confirmed on 7 April. He died at his house in Portland Place, London, on 13 September 1846, but his body was carried into Wales and buried in the churchyard of St, Asaph Cathedral on 2 October 1846. A monument to his memory was erected in his cathedral.
He made a large benefaction of £20,000 to Christ Church, for the maintenance of Old Westminsters preparing themselves for holy orders. He also gave new scenery for the Westminster school play to replace the sets designed by Athenian Stuart. Carey's scenery was in use for fifty years, from 1808 to 1858.
# Sevenoaks Weald

Sevenoaks Weald is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. The parish is located on the Low Weald, immediately south of Sevenoaks town, with the village of Sevenoaks Weald at its centre. It was formed in 1894 from part of the ancient parish of Sevenoaks.
The village was originally named simply Weald.
The parish church is dedicated to St George. It was built in 1821 and was provided as a chapel of ease so that parishioners did not have the long climb to St. Nicholas, the parish church of Sevenoaks. Land and funds were given for the chapel and churchyards by the Lambarde family. Architect Thomas Graham Jackson added a chancel in 1871; the funds were provided by the Hodgson family. Weald Methodist Church on the village green opened in 1843; and also in the village is a former Brethren Gospel Hall dating from 1875 and the former St Edward the Confessor's Roman Catholic Church.
Long Barn is a property with a historic garden, begun in 1915 by Harold Nicolson and Vita Sackville-West and further developed by Edwin Lutyens in 1925. The nearest train station is Sevenoaks.

## Nearest Settlements

vteNearest settlements :
Chipstead Bessels Green
Riverhead Sevenoaks
Godden Green Knole Estate
Ide Hill Toys Hill
Sevenoaks Weald
Underriver
Four Elms Bough Beech
Chiddingstone Causeway Penshurst
Hildenborough Tonbridge :
# Methylocella silvestris

Methylocella silvestris is a bacterium from the genus Methylocella spp which are found in many acidic soils and wetlands. Historically, Methylocella silvestris was originally isolated from acidic forest soils in Germany, and it is described as Gram-negative, aerobic, non-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped and methane-oxidizing facultative methanotroph. As an aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, Methylocella spp use methane (CH$_4$), and methanol as their main carbon and energy source, as well as multi compounds acetate, pyruvate, succinate, malate, and ethanol. They were known to survive in the cold temperature from 4° to 30° degree of Celsius with the optimum at around 15° to 25 °C, but no more than 36 °C. They grow better in the pH scale between 4.5 and 7.0. It lacks intracytoplasmic membranes common to all methane-oxidizing bacteria except Methylocella, but contain a vesicular membrane system connected to the cytoplasmic membrane. BL2$^T$ (=DSM 15510$^T$=NCIMB 13906$^T$) is the type strain.

## Phylogenetic

Dunfield et.al mentioned that Methylocella silvestris is close related with Methylocella palustris K$^T$, Beijerinckia indica ATCC 9039, and Methylocapsa acipihila B2$^T$ in terms of its phylogenetic, which make M. silvestris classified as a type II methanotroph that utilize the serine cycle for their carbon assimilation, but it does not have a soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and a propane monooxygenase (PrMO).

## Genome

The genome of Methylocella silvestris is sequenced. Methylocella silvestris contains eight genes which can encode NAD(P)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-containing methanol dehydrogenase (Msil_0471) and a PQQ-containing ADH with 73% identity to xoxF from Methylobacterium extorquens (Msil_1587). Chen et.al stated in their article that the genome size is 4.3 MbP, and has similarity to Proteobacteria.
# Zerodur

Zerodur is a lithium-aluminosilicate glass-ceramic manufactured by Schott AG. Zerodur has a near zero coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and is used for high-precision applications in telescope optics, microlithography machines and inertial navigation systems.

## Applications

The main applications for Zerodur include telescope optics in astronomy and space applications, lithography machines for microchips and displays, and inertial measurements systems for navigation.
In astronomy, it is used for mirror substrates in large telescopes such as the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, the Keck I and Keck II telescopes, the Gran Telescopio Canarias, the Devasthal Optical Telescope, the European Southern Observatory's 8.2 m Very Large Telescope, and the 39 m Extremely Large Telescope. It also has been used for the primary mirror of SOFIA's airborne telescope.
ASA also produces some telescopes with zerodur.
In space, it has been used for the imager in Meteosat Earth observation satellites, and for the optical bench in the LISA Pathfinder mission.
In microlithography, Zerodur is used in wafer steppers and scanner machines for precise and reproducible wafer positioning. It is also used as a component in refractive optics for photolithography.
In inertial measurement units, Zerodur is used in ring laser gyroscopes.

## Properties

Zerodur has both an amorphous (vitreous) component and a crystalline component. Its most important properties are:
* The material exhibits a particularly low thermal expansion, with a mean value of 0 ± 0.007×10$^{−6}$ K$^{−1}$ within the temperature range of 0 to 50 °C.
* High 3D homogeneity with few inclusions, bubbles and internal stria.
* Hardness similar to that of borosilicate glass.
* High affinity for coatings.
* Low helium permeability.
* Non-porous.
* Good chemical stability.
* Fracture toughness approximately 0.9 MPa·m$^{1/2}$.

### Physical properties

* Dispersion: (n$_F$ − n$_C$) = 0.00967
* Density: 2.53 g/cm$^3$ at 25 °C
* Young's modulus: 9.1×10$^{10}$ Pa
* Poisson ratio: 0.24
* Specific heat capacity at 25 °C: 0.196 cal/(g·K) = 0.82 J/(g·K)
* Coefficient of thermal expansion (20 °C to 300 °C) : 0.05 ± 0.10×10$^{−6}$/K
* Thermal conductivity: at 20 °C: 1.46 W/(m·K)
* Maximum application temperature: 600 °C
* Impact resistance behavior is substantially similar to other glass

## History

Schott began developing glass-ceramics in the 1960s lead by Jürgen Petzoldt, in response to demand for low expansion glass ceramics for telescopes.
In 1966, Hans Elsässer, the founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), asked the company if it could produce large castings of almost 4 meters using low-expansion glass-ceramic for telescope mirror substrates. In 1969, the MPIA ordered a 3.6 m (12 ft) mirror blank, along with ten smaller mirror substrates. The mirrors were delivered by late 1975, and went into operation in 1984 in a telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory in Spain. Further orders for mirror blanks followed.
# Battle of Karakilisa

The Battle of Karakilisa (Armenian: Ղարաքիլիսայի ճակատամարտ Gharakilisayi chakatamart, Turkish: Karakilise Muharebesi or Karakilise Muharebeleri) took place during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I in the vicinity of Karakilisa (now Vanadzor), on May 25–28, 1918.

## Background

After Russia's withdrawal from the war, the Armenians fell into a very difficult situation, all the Russian conquests returned back to the Turks, these are cities such as Erzurum, Erzincan, Muş, Bitlis, Trabzon and in May 1918 they captured Alexandroupol where 6,000 Armenians were immediately massacred and killed but the Armenian troops took the tactic of "not a step back" and preferred to die than surrender the land.

## Battle

One of the advancing Turkish forces moved towards Yerevan, another one to Karakilisa. The latter forces included about 10,000 soldiers, 80 pieces of artillery and 50 machine-guns. The Armenians were leaving their homes moving to the south to Yerevan and Syunik. Garegin Nzhdeh (with his troops) reached Karakilisa and managed to unite the population for the fight. The Armenian forces reached the number of 6,000. After a violent battle of 4 days, on May 25–28, both sides had serious losses. Although the Ottoman army managed to occupy Karakilisa and massacre all its population of 4,000 people, it had no more forces to intrude farther into Armenian territories.

## Aftermath

Despite the victory, the Turks experienced difficulties, their troops were drained of blood by the fierce resistance of the Armenians, as well as the scorched earth tactics in Georgia. The Turks reported to the headquarters:
   We do not have the strength to defeat the Armenians. The three-day battle in Karakilise shows that as long as their existence is in danger they will prefer to die fighting. We must not bring on a battle with the force that 1,200,000 Armenians can raise. If the Georgians join in the hostilities, it will be impossible to advance... In short, we must come to terms with the Armenians and Georgians.
# Somebody Help Me

"Somebody Help Me" is a single by The Spencer Davis Group, which was released in 1966. As with "Keep on Running", it was composed by Jackie Edwards.

## Chart performance

"Somebody Help Me" became the band's second consecutive and last number-one hit in the UK Singles Chart, staying at the summit for two weeks in April 1966. In the US, the song peaked at number 47 in July 1967.

## Cover versions

* The Everly Brothers also released a version on their album Two Yanks in England, released in mid 1966.

## Song in popular culture

* It was used as the theme tune to the 1960s-era hospital-based ITV drama series The Royal, which ran from 2003 to 2011, and its short-lived spin-off The Royal Today, which first aired in 2008.
# Fletcher Peak

Fletcher Peak is an 11,410-foot-elevation (3,480-meter) mountain summit located in Yosemite National Park, in Mariposa County, California, United States. It is situated south of Tuolumne Meadows in the Cathedral Range which is a sub-range of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The mountain rises one mile (1.6 km) south of Tuolumne Pass, 1.3 miles (2.1 km) northeast of proximate parent Vogelsang Peak and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) northwest of line parent Parsons Peak. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,250 feet (380 meters) above Fletcher Lake in 0.38 miles (0.61 km). Precipitation runoff from this landform drains south to the Merced River via Fletcher Creek.

## Etymology

Fletcher Creek and Fletcher Lake were named in 1895 by Lieutenant Nathaniel Fish McClure to honor Arthur G. Fletcher, deputy fish commissioner of California's State Board of Fish Commissioners, who directed the stocking of fish in the streams and lakes of Yosemite National Park. The peak was named in association, and this geographical feature's toponym was officially adopted in 1932 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The landform had been named "Baker Peak" prior to the Fletcher name, for a Mr. Baker who was a cook at nearby Boothe Lake Camp.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Fletcher Peak is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range.
# Curt Sandig

Curtis Walter Sandig (July 12, 1918 – February 13, 2006) was an American football halfback.
Sandig was born in Mart, Texas, in 1918 and attended Mart High School in that city. He played college football for Baylor and St. Mary's (TX). He played 49 consecutive games in four years with St. Mary's, ending in December 1941.
Sandig was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round (31st overall pick) of the 1942 NFL draft. He played for the Steelers in 1942, appearing in 11 games, eight of them as a starter. He tallied 116 rushing yards, 103 receiving yards, 373 punt and kick return yards, four touchdowns, and five interceptions for the 1943 Steelers.
Sandig served in the Navy during World War II, missing the 1943, 1944, and 1945 seasons.
After the war, he played in the All-America Football Conference for the Buffalo Bisons in 1946. He appeared in nine games, one as a starter, for Buffalo.
Sandig died in 2006 at San Antonio.
# Tai-Ping Liu

Tai-Ping Liu (Chinese: 劉太平; pinyin: Liú Tàipíng; born 18 November 1945) is a Taiwanese mathematician specializing in partial differential equations.

## Education and career

Liu earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1968 from National Taiwan University, his master's degree in 1970 from Oregon State University, and his Ph.D. in 1973 from University of Michigan. His dissertation, supervised by Joel Smoller, was titled, "Riemann problem for general 2 × 2 systems of conservation laws".
After receiving his doctorate, Liu was a professor at University of Maryland, from 1988 at New York University and from 1990 at Stanford University, where he is now retired. Since 2000 he has been a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Academia Sinica. He was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2012.
His research deals with nonlinear partial differential equations, hyperbolic conservation laws, shock waves, the Boltzmann equation, and equations of gas dynamics. He is the author or coauthor of over 140 research publications.
In 1998 he gave the DiPerna lecture. In 1992 Liu became a member of Academia Sinica. In 2002 he was an Invited Speaker with talk Shock Waves at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing.

## Selected publications

* Hyperbolic and viscous conservation laws, CBMS Regional Conference, SIAM 2000 doi:10.1137/1.9780898719420
* Admissible solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws, Memoirs AMS, No. 240, 1981.
* Nonlinear stability of shock waves for viscous conservation laws, Memoirs AMS, No. 328, 1985
* with Y. Zeng: Large-time Behavior of Solutions of General Quasilinear Hyperbolic-Parabolic Systems of Conservation Laws, Memoirs AMS, No. 599, 1997
* as editor with Heinrich Freistühler and Anders Szepessy: Advances in the theory of shock waves, Birkhäuser 2001
# Balmea

Balmea is a monospecific genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing the single species Balmea stormiae. It is native to El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Guerrero, Michoacán, Chiapas). It is locally known as ayuque. It is conical in shape and used as a Christmas tree in parts of Mexico. Because populations are depleted by this overharvest, this species is threatened with extinction.

## Description

The plant is a shrub of four to seven meters. The smooth, greenish purple bark peels off in irregular thin shreds. The hard wood is whitish. The broadly ovate and shortly acuminate leaves are clustered at the end of the branches. The shrub flowers from August to October and the hermaphroditic flowers are scarlet-red, tinged with purple. When fully open they turn dark purple and at night a sweet scent emanates from them. The fruits ripen from December to January and are erect capsules, about 25 mm long that open at the tip in two follicle-like portions. The numerous seed show reticulate wings of about 4 mm.

## Taxonomy

The genus is named in honor of botanist Juan Balme and the species name honors Marian Storm, a collaborator of the describer. The genus is closely related to Cosmibuena and Blepharidium.
# Leigh Delamere

Leigh Delamere is a small village in the civil parish of Grittleton in the English county of Wiltshire, about 4 miles (6 km) northwest of the town of Chippenham. The M4 motorway passes some 250 metres to the south, and the motorway's Leigh Delamere services lie to the east of the village.
The civil parish of Leigh Delamere (which included the hamlet of Sevington, about one mile southwest of the village) was absorbed by Grittleton parish on 1 April 1934. In 1931 the parish had a population of 96.

## Buildings

The village comprises a church, a former farm, eight almshouses and eight houses.
The rebuilding of the church (1846) and the construction of the Tudor-style row of almshouses (1848) were at the expense of Joseph Neeld, who bought the Grittleton estate in 1828 after inheriting a large sum. In both cases the architect was James Thomson, who also worked on the rectory (1846, also in Tudor style) and Grittleton House (from 1832).
Manor Farmhouse is from the 17th century, with alterations for Neeld in 1842. A separate large barn is from the 18th or early 19th century.

## St Margaret's Church

St Margaret's Church was built on the site of a previous 12th-century church in 1846 and dedicated to Margaret the Virgin. It has been designated as a Grade II* listed building and is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

## Bybrook benefice

The benefices of Leigh Delamere and Grittleton were united in 1924. In the 1990s the benefices of Biddestone with Slaughterford, Castle Combe, Grittleton and Leigh Delamere, Nettleton and Burton with Littleton Drew, West Kington and Yatton Keynell were united to form the Bybrook benefice; North Wraxall joined at a later date. The benefice is part of the Chippenham Deanery in the Diocese of Bristol.
# Leigh Academy Tonbridge

Leigh Academy Tonbridge, formerly Hayesbrook School, is a non-selective secondary school with academy status in Tonbridge, Kent, United Kingdom. It has specialisms in Sports and Mathematics.

## Location

The school was established as Tonbridge County Secondary School for Boys in Brook Street, Tonbridge. It is next to The Judd School and close to North Kent College.

## History

In 1985, Andrew Skipjack was one of the winners of The Times fifth computer competition, winning an Atari 600XL and a copy of The Times Atlas of World History.

### Academy and sponsorship

In December 2010, Hayesbrook was the first secondary school in West Kent to gain academy status.
In September 2012, The Hayesbrook Academy Trust took over Angley School in Cranbrook, Kent which was subsequently renamed the High Weald Academy.
In August 2013, The Hayesbrook Academy Trust changed its name to The Brook Learning Trust, which coincided with the sponsorship of The Swan Valley Community School in Swanscombe to gain academy status - changing its name to The Ebbsfleet Academy.
The school became the coeducational Leigh Academy Tonbridge in September 2023.

## Colleges

Leigh Academy Tonbridge has three colleges, Delphi, Lyceum and Olympia. They are all named after Greek nouns.

## Ofsted

The school was classed as "Excellent" by Ofsted in 2005, 2008 and 2009.
In 2013 the school was rated as "Good", with "Outstanding" behaviour and safety of pupils.
# Seamus Deakin

James Aubrey (Seamus) Deakin (19 June 1874 – 10 December 1952) was an Irish nationalist and member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), of which he was president from 1913 to 1914.

## Biography

He was born at Mount Auburn, Richmond, Dublin, the son of James Deakin, a traveller, and Mary Anne Tate. His family was Church of Ireland. In 1901, he was living at 27 Millmount Avenue, Drumcondra, with his wife, Catherine, a Scottish-born Presbyterian. Ten years later, the couple was living at 37 Thomond Terrace, Inn's Quay, Dublin, with their three children.
Deakin worked as a chemist in Hoyt's pharmacy in O'Connell Street and later owned his own shop in Phibsborough. Deakin became involved in the Irish nationalist movement during the early 1900s, along with other Protestant nationalists such as George Irvine, Ernest Blythe and Seán O'Casey, and within a short time became a high-ranking member in the Drumcondra branch of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. In 1913, he succeeded John Mulholland as president of the IRB before acceding to Denis McCullough the following year. Deakin resigned from the Supreme Council and from the IRB about August 1914.
It is a common belief that he emigrated to the US, but that is almost certainly not true. He died of a coronary thrombosis on 10 December 1952 in Drumcollogher, County Limerick – where he had moved from Dublin about a decade previously – and was buried in the local cemetery.
# Sommer Contemporary Art

Sommer Contemporary Art is a contemporary art gallery, owned by Irit Fine Sommer and based in the Kiryat Hamelacha neighbourhood of Tel Aviv, Israel.
The gallery is considered to be among the most influential in Israel for contemporary art. It was first opened in a small space on Rothschild 64 in 1999. Since its opening the purpose of the gallery was the promotion of contemporary Israeli artists in the international art scene, as well as representing and exhibiting international artists in Israel and abroad. In November 2005 the gallery moved to a new space on Rothschild 13, in one of the historic buildings of Tel Aviv. Sommer Contemporary Art is representing such artists as Adi Nes, Yehudit Sasportas, Yael Bartana, Thomas Zipp, Greogor Hildebrandt, and Ugo Rondinone.

## Artists

Artists shown in the gallery include:
* Saâdane Afif
* Naama Arad
* Yael Bartana
* Guy Ben Ner
* Marion Baruch
* Rineke Dijkastra
* Karl Haendel
* Omer Halperin
* Tamar Harpaz
* Lyle Ashton Harris
* Michal Helfman
* Gregor Hildebrandt
* Chris Martin
* Eran Nave
* Tal R
* Moshe Roas
* Ugo Rondinone
* Yehudit Sasportas
* Lihi Turjeman
* Sharon Yaari
* Rona Yefman
* Thomas Zipp
# MetroLyrics

MetroLyrics was a website dedicated to song lyrics. It was founded in December 2002, and its database contained over one million songs by over 16,000 artists. The site abruptly went offline in late June 2021, and as of November 2022 its owners and maintainers have made no explanation.

## History

In 2008, MetroLyrics was the first lyrics-dedicated site to license Gracenote Inc.'s lyrics catalogue. Through its licensing model, copyright holders of lyrics accrued royalty revenue when their work was displayed on MetroLyrics.com, which MetroLyrics recouped by collecting money from banner advertisements on its site. Royalties were paid on all displayed lyrics and were handled through Gracenote. In January 2013, LyricFind acquired Gracenote's lyrics licensing business, merging it in with their own. MetroLyrics' licensing model was distinct, as many lyrics websites offer content that is unlicensed and possibly copyright infringing. Unlike other lyric websites, MetroLyrics placed a warning on songs containing explicit lyrics.
MetroLyrics was acquired by CBS Interactive in October 2011. Red Ventures acquired the CNET Media Group, including MetroLyrics, from CBS Interactive in 2020.