OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Negative imaginary systems

Negative imaginary (NI) systems theory was introduced by Lanzon and Petersen in. A generalization of the theory was presented in In the single-input single-output (SISO) case, such systems are defined by considering the properties of the imaginary part of the frequency response G(jω) and require the system to have no poles in the right half plane and $j(G(j\omega )-G(j\omega )^{\ast })$ > 0 for all ω in (0, ∞). This means that a system is Negative imaginary if it is both stable and a nyquist plot will have a phase lag between [-π 0] for all ω > 0.

## Negative Imaginary Definition

Source:
A square transfer function matrix $G(s)$ is NI if the following conditions are satisfied:
* $G(s)$ has no pole in $Re[s]>0$.
* For all $\omega \geq 0$ such that $j\omega$ is not a pole of $G(s)$ and $j\left(G(j\omega )-G(j\omega )^{\ast }\right)\geq 0$.
* If $s=j\omega _{0},\omega _{0}>0$ is a pole of $G(s)$, then it is a simple pole and furthermore, the residual matrix K=lim$_{s→jω0}$(s−jω$_0$)jG(s){\textstyle K=\lim _{s\to j\omega _{0}}(s-j\omega _{0})jG(s)} is Hermitian and positive semidefinite.
* If $s=0$ is a pole of $G(s)$, then lim$_{s→0}$s$^k$G(s)=0{\textstyle \lim _{s\to 0}s^{k}G(s)=0} for all $k\geq 3$ and lim$_{s→0}$s$^2$G(s){\textstyle \lim _{s\to 0}s^{2}G(s)} is Hermitian and positive semidefinite.
These conditions can be summarized as:
* The system $G(s)$ is stable.
* For all positive frequencies, the nyquist diagram of the system response is between [-π 0].

## Negative Imaginary Lemma

Source:
Let ${\begin{bmatrix}{\begin{array}{c|c}A&B\\\hline C&D\end{array}}\end{bmatrix}}$ be a minimal realization of the transfer function matrix $G(s)$. Then, $G(s)$ is NI if and only if $D=D^{T}$ and there exists a matrix
$P=P^{T}\geq 0,{\text{ }}W\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times m},{\text{and }}L\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times n}$ such that the following LMI is satisfied:
${\begin{bmatrix}PA+A^{T}P&PB-A^{T}C^{T}\\B^{T}P-CA&-(CB+B^{T}C^{T})\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}-L^{T}L&-L^{T}W\\-W^{T}L&-W^{T}W\end{bmatrix}}\leq 0.$
This result comes from positive real theory after converting the negative imaginary system to a positive real system for analysis.
# Tyson Invitational

The Tyson Invitational, is an annual indoor track and field meet which is held in early February at the Randal Tyson Track Center. It was first held in Track Capital of the South, in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
The competition is part of National Collegiate Athletic Association's Indoor and attracts high caliber athletes, including Olympic and World medalists.

## World records

Over the course of its history, one world record has been set at the Tyson Invitational.
| Year | Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Ref. |
| 2006 | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:01.96 | Kerron Clement Wallace Spearmon Darold Williamson Jeremy Wariner | United States | |

## Meeting records
### Men

Men's meeting records of the Tyson Invitational :
| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Ref. |
| 200 m | 20.19 | Wallace Spearmon | United States | 16 February 2008 | |
| 800 m | 1:45.59 | Charlie Hunter | Australia | 13 February 2021 | |

### Women

Women's meeting records of the Tyson Invitational :
| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date |
| 200 m | 22.36 | Favour Ofili | Nigeria | 11 February 2023 |
| 800 m | 1:58.69 | Shafiqua Maloney | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 10 February 2024 |
| 4 × 400 m relay | 3:26.27 | Texas A&M University: Jania Martin (53.04) Charokee Young (51.86) Syaira Richardson (51.12) Athing Mu (50.27) | United States Jamaica United States United States | 13 February 2021 |
| Distance medley relay | 10:53.77 | Arkansas University | | 12 February 2021 |
# Kandhakottai

Kandhakottai is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film written and directed by S. Sakthivel, starring Nakul and Poorna, whilst Sampath Raj and Santhanam play supporting roles. The music was composed by Dhina. The film was released on 19 December 2009.

## Plot

The film is about Siva, who hates love and those who are into such relationships, and even strives to separate couples. On the other hand, Pooja, a girl in Nagercoil, is the opposite of Siva, and takes risks to unite lovers. When Siva's sister Girija falls in love with Poorna's cousin, the two dissimilar characters meet. And when Siva sings Eppadi Ennul Kadhal Vandhadhu, they fall in love. But a man in Nagercoil kills himself when Pooja reveals that she is in love with Siva. His father Annachi is infuriated with the girl and murders her relatives. Siva battles the baddies and marries Pooja.

## Cast

* Nakul as Siva
* Poorna as Pooja
* Sampath Raj as Singam Perumal
* Santhanam as Velu
* Raviprakash as Siva's father
* Sivaranjani as Siva's mother
* Bala Singh as MLA
* Rajendranath as Inspector Dharmalingam
* Cheran Raj as SP Shanmugan
* Cool Suresh as Siva's friend
* Poochi Senthil as Siva's friend
* Maya Reddy as Durga
* Jayaprakasam
* Ramakrishnan
* Viji Khanna
* Master Madhusoodanan
* Master V. J. Praveen Raj

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Dhina. Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog called it "Below par Dhina soundtrack".
| Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| "Kaadhal Paambu" | Benny Dayal, Sowmya Raoh, Dev Prakash | Yugabharathi |
| "Kala Kala Kandha Kottai" | Tippu, Dhina | Yugabharathi |
| "Unnai Kadhali Yendru" | Naresh Iyer, Sadhana Sargam | Kabilan |
| "Eppadi Ennul Kadhal" | Nakul | Viveka |
| "Dishyum Dishyum" | Shankar Mahadevan, Suchitra | Viveka |

## Critical reception

Sify stated, "On the whole Kandha Kottai is a typical masala entertainer that is made for the youth audiences. Have fun". The New Indian Express wrote, "Kandhakottai is a film [that] did not raise any great expectation. So there is not much disappointment either, that a script which promised to be different in its earlier scenes, slips into the predictable mode as the story progresses". S. R. Ashok Kumar of The Hindu wrote, "While the first half of the film focusses on romance, action rules in the second half. This mix aims to entertain, which it does", also praising E. Krishnasamy's cinematography, Sakthivel's direction and writing.
# Giant pocket gopher

The giant pocket gopher (Orthogeomys grandis), also known as the Oaxacan pocket gopher, is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. It is the type species of the genus Orthogeomys; some zoologists also include in this genus species that have recently been placed in Heterogeomys.
It is 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, and 480–985 g (1–2 lb) in weight.
# Pos Indonesia

PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) (trading as POS IND Logistik Indonesia or POS IND since 2023) is the state-owned company responsible for providing postal service in Indonesia. It was established with the current structure in 1995 and now operates 11 regional divisions.

## History

Postal service in colonial Dutch East Indies was provided by the Post, Telegraph, and Telephone Service (Dutch: Post-, Telegraaf-, en Telefoondienst, PTT), established in 1906. On 27 September 1945, following the proclamation of Indonesia's independence, the central PTT office in Bandung was seized from occupying Japanese forces. It became a state-owned company in 1961 and then split in 1965 to form two separate companies, one providing telecommunication services (eventually becoming Telkom Indonesia) and the other mail and currents or giro. The new mail services company was reorganized in 1978. A government decree came into effect on 6 June 1995 to create the current Pos Indonesia.

## Organization

Pos Indonesia operates in 11 regional divisions across the country, each covering multiple provinces. Each region operates several hundred inner city, outer city, and remote locations. There are 3,700 post offices nationwide with 3,190 post offices providing money transfer services in co-operation with Western Union.
* Region I (Medan branch): Aceh, North Sumatra
* Region II (Padang branch): Riau, Riau Islands, West Sumatra
* Region III (Palembang branch): Bengkulu, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bangka–Belitung Islands, Lampung
* Region IV (Jakarta branch): Banten, Jakarta, West Java
* Region V (Bandung branch): Banten, West Java
* Region VI (Semarang branch): Central Java, Yogyakarta
* Region VII (Surabaya branch): East Java
* Region VIII (Denpasar branch): Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara
* Region IX (Banjarbaru branch): West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan
* Region X (Makassar branch): North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi
* Region XI (Jayapura branch): North Maluku, Maluku, West Papua, Southwest Papua, Papua, South Papua, Highland Papua
# Blake Johnson

Robert Blake Johnson is an American politician serving as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 100th district. He was appointed to the House on July 10, 2020.

## Early life and education

Johnson earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and communications from Eckerd College and a Master of Arts in teaching from Marian University.

## Career

In 2009 and 2010, Johnson worked as a communications advisor and speechwriter for Sue Errington's successful state senate campaign. From 2009 to 2011, he worked as a teacher with Teach For America. In 2011, he was the director of communications for the Marion County Democratic Party. From 2011 to 2013, he served as communications director and senior advisor for Congressman André Carson. He joined Complete College America in 2013, working as the organization's communications director until 2017 and vice president of strategy until 2018. He represented the 12th district on the Indianapolis City-County Council from 2016 to 2020. He is the interim CEO of The Parks Alliance of Indianapolis. Johnson was appointed to the Indiana House of Representatives in July 2020. He also serves as ranking member of the House Local Government Committee.

## Electoral history

Indianapolis City-County Council District 12, 2015 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Blake Johnson | 3,298 | 59.6% | New District |
| | Republican | Susan Marie Smith | 1,909 | 34.5% | New District |
| | Libertarian | Michael Gunyon | 324 | 5.9% | New District |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,531 | 100.00% |
Indianapolis City-County Council District 12, 2019 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Blake Johnson (incumbent) | 4,050 | 72.5% | +12.9% |
| | Republican | Jerry Mahshie | 1,338 | 24.0% | −10.5% |
| | Libertarian | Justin Harter | 195 | 3.5% | −2.4% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,583 | 100.00% |
Indiana State House District 100 Democratic primary election, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Blake Johnson | 4,677 | 74.7% |
| | Democratic | Clif Marsiglio | 1,585 | 25.3% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,262 | 100.00% |
Indiana State House District 100 election, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Blake Johnson (incumbent) | 16,353 | 67.0% | −33.0% |
| | Republican | Wayne Harmon | 8,037 | 33.0% | +33.0% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 24,390 | 100.00% | |
Indiana State House District 100 election, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Blake Johnson (incumbent) | 11,558 | 100.0% | +33.0% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 11,558 | 100.00 | |
Indiana State House District 100 election, 2024 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Blake Johnson (incumbent) | 16,653 | 71.7% | −28.3% |
| | Republican | Joseph Bortka | 6,577 | 28.3% | +28.3% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 23,230 | 100.00 | |
# City of Glass

City of Glass may refer to:

## Geography

* Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
* Westland (region), Netherlands because of the many greenhouses in the region

## Literature

* City of Glass (Paul Auster book), a 1985 novel by Paul Auster
** City of Glass (comics), a 1994 graphic novel adaptation by Paul Karasik and David Mazzucchelli
* City of Glass (Coupland book), a 2000 non-fiction book by Douglas Coupland
* City of Glass (Clare novel), a 2009 young adult book by Cassandra Clare
* The City in Glass, a 2024 fantasy novel by Nghi Vo

## Film

* City of Glass (film), a 1998 film directed by Mabel Cheung
* City of Glass (TV series), a 2008 South Korean TV series

## Music

* City of Glass (Stan Kenton album), a 1951 album
** "City of Glass", a jazz composition by Robert Graettinger featured on the above album
* City of Glass, a 2010 album by the alternative rock band Love Ends Disaster!
# Roger Cole

Roger Cole is the founder and chairman of the Peace and Neutrality Alliance (PANA). He was an active member of the Irish Labour Party which he joined in 1967 and stood in a local election in Dún Laoghaire. He resigned from the party following its compromising on the policy of Irish neutrality[clarification needed]. He was also on the national executive of the Irish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
He has campaigned against the Iraq War and the use by the US military of Shannon Airport. He has spoken on behalf of the PANA at Oireachtas committees, the National Forum on Europe.
He has campaigned against European Union (EU) militarisation and EU treaties such as the Treaty of Nice, which extend the EU powers into security and military matters.
In 2008 he represented PANA at the hearings of the sub-committee on Ireland's Future in the European Union set up in the aftermath of the 'no' vote in the first referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon.
# Benjamin Dean Meritt

Benjamin Dean Meritt (March 31, 1899 in Durham, North Carolina – July 7, 1989 in Austin, Texas) was a classical scholar, professor and epigraphist of ancient Greece. He was the older son of Arthur Herbert Meritt, a professor of Greek and Latin at Trinity College (later Duke University). His younger brother Herbert Dean Meritt was a professor of English philology at Stanford University.
Meritt was educated at Hamilton College (B.A. 1920) and Princeton University (M.A. 1923, Ph.D. 1924). He was an assistant director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, is notable for his development of the Athenian Tribute Lists and worked extensively on Athenian calendaring.
Meritt taught at a number of universities including University of Vermont, Brown University, University of Michigan, Princeton University and the American School of Classical Studies in Athens. In 1935 he became a member of the faculty at the Institute for Advanced Study, a position he would hold until his retirement. That same year, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1938. In 1972, he moved with his wife, Lucy Shoe Meritt, to the University of Texas at Austin as a visiting professor. The following year she became a visiting professor as well.

## Selected bibliography

* Benjamin Dean Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery, and Malcolm Francis McGregor. 1939–1953. The Athenian tribute lists. 4 vol. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.
* Benjamin Dean Meritt and John S. Traill. 1974. Inscriptions: the Athenian councillors. Princeton, N.J.: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
# Jake Hooker (musician)

Jerry Mamberg (May 3, 1953 – August 4, 2014), often known as Jake Hooker, Jake Richards, or Jake Falsworth, was a musician, best known as the guitarist for the rock/pop band Arrows.

## Life

Mamberg was born in Haifa, Israel, but his family moved to the United States when he was a child. He later moved to England, and in 1972 joined forces with his friend Alan Merrill, at the time well-known in Japan, to found the band Streak (in which Mamberg appeared and was credited as 'Jake Falsworth'), a band which later evolved into the Arrows (in which he appeared as 'Jake Hooker').. The band had several hit records produced by Mickie Most. Merrill wrote the song "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" for the Arrows, giving a co-writer credit to Hooker by way of settling a debt. It was a response to The Rolling Stones' "It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)". The song, recorded in 1975 and originally relegated by Most to a b-side, has gone on to become a rock classic. The Arrows broke ground by hosting their own weekly TV series, Arrows, which showcased many top glam rock acts, on the UK Granada ITV network.
Hooker married actress/singer Lorna Luft in London on Valentine's Day 1977. He retired as a musician in 1978 when the Arrows disbanded, moving to Los Angeles to manage Luft. Their marriage ended in divorce, following which he continued to reside in Los Angeles, working as a publisher, producer, manager, and entrepreneur, until his death.
He died in Malibu on August 4, 2014, aged 61.

## Family

Hooker and Luft were divorced in 1993. They had two children together, a son Jesse (b. April 1984) and a daughter Vanessa (b. September 1990).
# Motoda Hajime

Motoda Hajime (元田 肇, 28 February 1858 – 1 October 1938) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister in the Meiji, Taishō and early Shōwa periods of the Japan.

## Biography

Motoda was born in Bungo Province in what is now part of Kunisaki, Ōita, where his father, Inomata Eizo was a doctor. He was adopted by Motoda Naoshi, a samurai in the service of Kitsuki Domain on his marriage to Motoda’s daughter. Following the Meiji Restoration, he went to Tokyo, and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University with a legal degree in 1880. In the first Japanese general election of 1890, Motoda was elected to the lower house of the Diet of Japan. He was reelected 16 times, mostly under the Rikken Seiyūkai party, serving for over 40 years, including three terms as Vice-Speaker of the House from 1889-1892.
Under the administration of Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe (1913–1914), Motoda was appointed Communications Minister. He subsequently served as the first Railroad Minister, when that cabinet-level post was created under the Hara Takashi administration in May 1920. He continued in the same post under the Takahashi Korekiyo administration until the collapse of that administration in June 1922.
Motoda became Speaker of the House from 20 April 1928 to 14 March 1929. In 1932, he was appointed to the Privy Council, the first party politician to receive this honor. His grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo.
# Tunisia national under-15 football team

The Tunisia national under-15 football team has represented Tunisia in men's international association football competitions since its inception in 1957. The team is administered by the Tunisian Football Federation (TFF), which governs football in Tunisia. On a continental level, the team competes under the Confederation of African Football (CAF), which governs associate football in Africa, and is also affiliated with FIFA for global competitions. Additionally, the team is a member of the Union of North African Football (UNAF) and the Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA). Selim Benachour is the current head coach.

## Honours

* UNAF U-15 Tournament
    Champions: 2017
    Third Place: Apr 2018, Nov 2018

## Competitive Records

Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place
* Red border color indicates tournament was held on home soil.

### UNAF U-15 Tournament

UNAF U-15 Tournament :
| Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D* | L | GF | GA |
| 2017 | Champions | 1st | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| 2018 | Third place | 3rd | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 2018 | Third place | 3rd | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate | Did not participate |
| Total | Champions | 3/4 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 9 |
# Haensch's whorltail iguana

Haensch's whorltail iguana (Stenocercus haenschi) is a species of lizard in the family Tropiduridae. The species is native to Ecuador.

## Geographic range

S. haenschi is endemic to Bolívar Province of Ecuador, where it is only known from one locality.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of S. haenschi is forest.

## Behavior

S. haenschi is arboreal.

## Reproduction

S. haenschi is oviparous.

## Conservation status

S. haenschi is considered to be critically endangered and possibly extinct.

## Etymology

S. haenschi is named in honor of German entomologist Richard Haensch.
# Modest whorltail iguana

The modest whorltail iguana (Stenocercus modestus) is a species of lizard of the family Tropiduridae.
It is endemic to west-central Peru. It was first described by Johann Jakob von Tschudi in 1845.
The species is thought to have a highly fragmented and decreasing population, and is therefore rated as endangered by the IUCN. It lives in the coastal desert and has a diet consisting of arthropods.
# Stenocercus aculeatus

Stenocercus aculeatus is a species of lizard in the family Tropiduridae. The species is native to northwestern South America.

## Geographic range

S. aculeatus is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of S. aculeatus is forest, at altitudes of 723–1,311 m (2,372–4,301 ft).

## Reproduction

S. aculeatus is oviparous.
# Trevor Sprigg

Trevor Raymond Sprigg (10 August 1946 – 17 January 2008) was an Australian politician and legislator from Western Australia, as well as a former football star. Sprigg, a member of the Liberal Party, was the Liberal Party legislative whip as well as the member for the electorate of Murdoch in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly.
Sprigg was elected to his seat in the Western Australian general election in 2005.

## Personal life

Sprigg was born in Wagin, Western Australian in 1946 and was widely known as a sports enthusiast and athlete. He was a lifetime member of the East Fremantle Football Club and played a total of 152 League games for the club. Sprigg also worked at various other football clubs as a coach, chairman of selectors, captain and football manager. For example, he worked for the West Coast Eagles Football Club from 1990 to 1992. Sprigg also worked as a consultant to the Western Australian Football Commission during the planning and formation of the Fremantle Football Club.
Additionally, Sprigg worked for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, as well as several radio stations and newspapers, as a part-time columnist and football commentator. He was awarded an Australian Sports Medal in 2000.
Sprigg was married and had five children (Sharon, Natalie, Jarrod, Travis and Brett) and seven grandchildren.

## Death

Trevor Sprigg died from a heart attack at Fremantle Hospital in Perth on 17 January 2008 at the age of 61.
His heart attack and subsequent death prevented him from attending a partyroom meeting that day which saw Troy Buswell replace Paul Omodei as Liberal leader.{{{}}}