# 1992 Kenyan general election

General elections were held in Kenya on 29 December 1992 to elect the president and members of the National Assembly. They were the first multi-party general elections in Kenya since independence and the first to feature a direct vote for the president, who had been elected by the National Assembly in 1964 and been automatically declared the winner of uncontested elections held alongside parliamentary elections in 1969, 1974, 1979, 1983 and 1988 following a 1969 constitutional amendment.
The results were marred by irregularities, including allegations of large-scale intimidation of opponents, harassment of election officials and ballot-box stuffing, as well as targeted ethnic violence in the Rift Valley Province. Human Rights Watch accused several prominent Kenyan politicians, including President Daniel arap Moi and then-VP George Saitoti of inciting and co-ordinating the violence. Voter turnout was 69%.
The election failed to dislodge Moi from power but were still described as a watershed for Kenya's democratic transition.

## Background

In 1991, Kenya transitioned to a multiparty political system after 26 years of single-party rule under KANU. On 28 October 1992, president Moi dissolved parliament, five months before the end of his term. As a result, preparations began for all elective seats in parliament as well as the president. The elections were scheduled to take place on 7 December 1992, but delays led to its postponement to 29 December the same year.

## Results
### President

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Daniel arap Moi | Kenya African National Union | 1,962,866 | 36.35 |
| | Kenneth Matiba | FORD–Asili | 1,404,266 | 26.00 |
| | Mwai Kibaki | Democratic Party | 1,050,617 | 19.45 |
| | Jaramogi Oginga Odinga | FORD–Kenya | 944,197 | 17.48 |
| | George Anyona | Kenya Social Congress | 14,273 | 0.26 |
| | Chibule wa Tsuma | Kenya National Congress | 10,221 | 0.19 |
| | John Harun Mwau | Party of Independent Candidates of Kenya | 8,118 | 0.15 |
| | David Mukaru Ng'ang'a | Kenya National Democratic Alliance | 5,766 | 0.11 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,400,324 | 100.00 |
| Source: African Elections Database |||||

### By province

| Province | Moi | Moi | Matiba | Matiba | Kibaki | Kibaki | Odinga | Odinga | Others | Others | Total |
| Province | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Total |
| Central | 21,918 | 2.1 | 630,194 | 60.4 | 373,147 | 35.8 | 10,668 | 1.0 | 6,945 | 0.7 | 1,042,872 |
| Coast | 188,296 | 62.1 | 33,399 | 11.0 | 32,201 | 10.6 | 42,796 | 14.1 | 6,653 | 2.2 | 303,345 |
| Eastern | 290,372 | 37.0 | 79,436 | 10.1 | 392,481 | 50.0 | 13,673 | 1.7 | 8,819 | 1.1 | 784,781 |
| North Eastern | 46,420 | 74.8 | 7,188 | 11.6 | 3,259 | 5.3 | 5,084 | 8.2 | 73 | 0.1 | 62,024 |
| Nairobi | 62,410 | 16.6 | 165,553 | 44.1 | 69,715 | 18.6 | 75,888 | 20.2 | 1,944 | 0.5 | 375,510 |
| Nyanza | 117,554 | 15.2 | 10,299 | 1.3 | 51,998 | 6.7 | 581,490 | 75.4 | 9,807 | 1.3 | 771,148 |
| Rift Valley | 981,488 | 71.5 | 214,727 | 15.6 | 98,302 | 7.2 | 75,465 | 5.5 | 3,535 | 0.3 | 1,373,517 |
| Western | 219,187 | 39.3 | 214,060 | 38.4 | 14,404 | 2.6 | 98,822 | 17.7 | 10,846 | 1.9 | 557,319 |
| Total | 1,927,645 | 36.6 | 1,354,856 | 25.7 | 1,035,507 | 19.6 | 903,886 | 17.1 | 48,622 | 0.9 | 5,270,516 |
| Source: Nohlen et al. ||||||||||||

### National Assembly

Following the elections, Moi nominated a further 12 KANU members to the National Assembly.
| Party | Party | Seats |
| | Kenya African National Union | 100 |
| | FORD–Asili | 31 |
| | Democratic Party | 23 |
| | FORD–Kenya | 31 |
| | Kenya National Congress | 1 |
| | Party of Independent Candidates of Kenya | 1 |
| | Kenya Social Congress | 1 |
| | Kenya National Democratic Alliance | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 0 |
| Appointed members | Appointed members | 12 |
| Total | Total | 200 |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||

## Aftermath

In the aftermath of the election, Kenya suffered an economic crisis propagated by ethnic violence as the president was accused of rigging electoral results to retain power. In the next five years, many political alliances were formed in preparation for the next elections. In 1994, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga died and several coalitions joined his FORD Kenya party to form a new party called United National Democratic Alliance. However, this party was plagued with disagreements. In 1996, KANU revised the constitution to allow Moi to remain president for another term.
In 1993 Kenneth Matiba filed a petition against the election results. However, his failure to personally sign the petition resulted in the petition being struck out by Justice Riaga Omolo. Matiba, was physically incapacitated and had given his wife power of attorney. In 2012, Justice Omolo was declared unfit to serve in the judiciary by the Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board over this decision.