OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Speed dial

Speed dial was a function available on many telephone systems allowing the user to place a call by pressing a reduced number of keys. This function was particularly useful for phone users who dial certain numbers on a regular basis.
In most cases, the user stores these numbers in the phone's memory for future use. The speed dial numbers were usually accessed by pressing a predetermined key or keys on the phone, followed by a one or two-digit code which the user assigned to each number; however for ease of use, on many systems a call may be placed by pressing and holding one key on the numeric keypad.
Speed dialing was also available via Custom Calling features from the Telephone Company's Central Office. The numbers were programmed by the subscriber through the standard telephone dial, and speed dial calls were placed by dialing simply the digit and waiting a few seconds on a standard rotary dial phone and an older 10 key Touch Tone phone, or by dialing the number and the # key to instantly connect the call on a modern 12 key Touch Tone phone.
Most mobile phones used to have a contact list feature which provides similar abilities although most have an instant call button which only requires one click.

## History

The capability for speed dial historically dates at least as far back as the Number One Electronic Switching System (1ESS) in 1965. Other early "instant dialers" dating back to 1972 also included punched card machines and magnetic tape machines.
Metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) telephone technology enabled speed dialing on push-button telephones in the early 1970s. MOS memory chips were used to store phone numbers, which could then be used for speed dialing at the push of a button. This was demonstrated by the British companies Pye TMC, Marconi-Elliott and GEC in 1970. Between 1971 and 1973, the American company Bell Laboratories develop a push-button MOS telephone called the "Touch-O-Matic" phone, which could store up to 32 phone numbers. This was made possible by the low cost, low power requirements, small size and high reliability of MOS transistors, over 15,000 of which were contained on ten IC chips, including one chip for logic, one for the dial interface, and eight for memory.
# Nongmaithem Pahari

Nongmaithem Chittaranjan Singh, more commonly known as Nongmaithem Pahari, was a Manipuri by birth, an Indian singer, a composer, a lyricist, revolutionist and a writer. He was a Manipuri (a language in the 8th schedule of the Indian constitution) singer. He was perhaps the most prolific modern Meitei singer before his death on 18 October 2006 in Imphal, Manipur, India.

## Career

Nongmaithem Pahari's greatest contribution to the culture of Manipur is the way he introduced a new era of music. He was important in consolidating the popularity of modern Meitei music.
Pahari was born on 28 August 1934 in Imphal, Manipur. His father, Nongmaithem Thanil, represented the nobility of that time and was an avid theatre activist. Pahari's affinity towards music was manifested early in his childhood when he was heavily influenced by the likes of KL Saigal, Pankaj Mallik and Mana Dey.
Of the many albums that Pahari released during his lifetime, Undying Melodies is considered to be the magnum opus. This is the album that features quite an eclectic number of his all time hits like "Ningsingli meraagi thabaldo", "Eigee eshei saklaroi", "Ahingda khongbee taamna", "Nangee maithong urubada" and "Nangi Napalgi".
The majority of Pahari's songs were written by B. Jayantakumar Sharma, who composed music for many feature films and many theatre dramas. He had been decorated with almost all the Awards and recognition in the state pertaining to music and culture.
Pahari wrote a book titled Eigi Diaridagi meaning "From My Dairy". It was mainly about his experiences inside the Imphal and Tripura Jail with brief but important mention of the real genesis of the political and armed revolution in Manipur.
He was one of the founding members of United National Liberation Front, a revolutionary front formed in Manipur on 24 October 1964 which is still one of the largest insurgent groups in Manipur.
Pahari retired as the Station Director of Doordarshan Kendra Imphal (Television broadcasting station of Manipur) before which he served as the Station Director of All India Radio in various places including Imphal, Kohima and Gangtok. He was the President of Manipur Dramatic Union, Imphal and All Manipur Matam Ishei Kanglup. He also headed many other societies and cultural groups of the state.

## Films and albums

* Ngak-E-Ko Nangshe (1974) (Music Direction & Playback)
* Khonjel (1981)
* Sanakeithel (1983) (Story & Music Direction)
* Khuthang Lamjel (Music Direction & Playback)
* Yairipok Thambalnu (1984) (Music Direction & Playback)
* Sanamanbi Sanarei (1995) (Music Direction)
* Meichak Meichak (1998) (Music Direction & Playback)

## Albums

* Undying Melodies
* Thariktha
* Greatest Hits
* The Best of Melody King
* Golden Hits
* Dolaithakta Chatlibi
# Rajinder Singh Joon

Rajinder Singh Joon (born 15 August 1956) is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is an MLA from Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency in Jhajjar district. He won the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Singh is from Bahadurgarh, Haryana. His father Ch. Surajmal Joon was a former MLA from Bahadurgarh. He completed his B.A. in 1977 at Hindu College, Delhi which is affiliated with Delhi University.

## Career

Singh won from Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election. He polled 55,825 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Naresh Kaushik of the Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 15,491 votes.
# Deputy Foreign Secretary

Deputy Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, also known as Deputy Foreign Secretary or Deputy Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, was a secretary of state position in the Government of the United Kingdom deputised to the Foreign Secretary and whose responsibility was to deputise and represent the Foreign Secretary in the House of Commons. It was created for Andrew Mitchell, who was the only holder of the office.

## History

In 1947, the Labour government of Clement Attlee appointed Frank Pakenham, a member of the House of Lords, as Deputy Foreign Secretary with responsibility for the British-occupied zones in post-war Germany.
In November 2023, former Prime Minister David Cameron was appointed Foreign Secretary as part of the November 2023 British cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and simultaneously made a life peer in the House of Lords, with Andrew Mitchell acting as Cameron's representative in the House of Commons.
In April 2024 during a mini-reshuffle by Sunak, Andrew Mitchell, a Minister of State in the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, was officially appointed and given the honorary title of Deputy Foreign Secretary, acting as a deputy of Foreign Secretary David Cameron, currently in the House of Lords, in the House of Commons, a responsibility he has de facto undertaken since Cameron was appointed Foreign Secretary. Mitchell's appointment as Deputy Foreign Secretary was done in the context that Cameron as a member of the House of Lords could not be properly scrutinised in the House of Commons to the same extent as other ministers.
Since the Conservative Party lost the 2024 United Kingdom general election to the Labour Party in July 2024, the Deputy Foreign Secretary post has been vacant.

## List of Deputy Foreign Secretaries

Deputy foreign secretaries :
| Deputy Foreign Secretary | Deputy Foreign Secretary | Deputy Foreign Secretary | Term of office | Term of office | Other ministerial portfolios held during tenure | Party | Ministry |
| | | Andrew Mitchell MP for Sutton Coldfield | 12 April 2024 | 5 July 2024 | Minister of State for Development and Africa | Conservative | Sunak |
# Oophagy

Oophagy (/oʊˈɒfədʒi/ oh-OFF-ə-jee) or ovophagy, literally "egg eating", is the practice of embryos feeding on eggs produced by the ovary while still inside the mother's uterus. The word oophagy is formed from the classical Greek ᾠόν (ōion, "egg") and classical Greek φᾱγεῖν (phāgein, "to eat"). In contrast, adelphophagy is the cannibalism of a multi-celled embryo.
Oophagy is thought to occur in all sharks in the order Lamniformes and has been recorded in the bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus), the pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus), the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and the porbeagle (Lamna nasus) among others. It also occurs in the tawny nurse shark (Nebrius ferrugineus), and in the family Pseudotriakidae.
This practice may lead to larger embryos or prepare the embryo for a predatory lifestyle.
There are variations in the extent of oophagy among the different shark species. The grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) practices intrauterine cannibalism, the first developed embryo consuming both additional eggs and any other developing embryos. Slender smooth-hounds (Gollum attenuatus), form egg capsules which contain 30-80 ova, within which only one ovum develops; the remaining ova are ingested and their yolks stored in its external yolk sac. The embryo then proceeds to develop normally, without ingesting further eggs.
Oophagy is used as a synonym of the egg predation practised by some snakes and other animals.
Oophagy is used to describe the destruction of non-queen eggs in nests of eusocial insects, especially the social wasps, bees, and ants. This is seen in the wasp species Polistes biglumis and Polistes humilis. Oophagy has been observed in the ant Leptothorax acervorum and the wasp Parachartergus fraternus, where oophagy is practiced to increase energy circulation and provide more dietary protein. The social wasp Polistes fuscatus use oophagy as a method to establish a dominance hierarchy; dominant females eat the eggs of subordinate females such that they no longer produce eggs, possibly due to the unnecessary expenditure of energy and resources. This behavior has also been observed in some bee species. Such bee species include Xylocopa sulcatipes and Bombus ruderatus, where queen bees will eat larvae deposited by workers or eject them from the nest in order to maintain dominance over the colony.
# AAON

AAON, Inc. manufactures heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment for commercial and industrial indoor environments. AAON is headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma and has manufacturing facilities in Longview, TX, Parkville, MO, and Redmond, OR. AAON employs approximately 4,000 people worldwide and has annual sales in excess of $880 million.

## History

AAON was founded in 1988 when Norman H. Asbjornson set out to create a commercial HVAC company that designed and manufactured semi-custom equipment. Asbjornson purchased the heating and air-conditioning division of John Zink and created a new company called AAON. The name ensured the company would be listed first in the phone directories.
In 2000, AAON began to manufacture equipment in Longview and in 2019, broke ground on a facility expansion as part of a $28-million-dollar investment in the plant. Further expansion in Longview commenced in 2019 with the completion of a 220,000-square foot building, an additional $40 million investment. In 2023, the Longview Economic Development Corp. approved a second $40 million expansion and is scheduled to be completed in 2024.

## Acquisitions

In 1991, AAON acquired Coils Plus in Longview, TX, initially only committed to manufacturing HVAC coils.
In 2018, AAON acquired Missouri-based WattMaster Controls (WCI) and entered a lease of the facility previously occupied by WCI.
In 2021, AAON acquired Oregon-based BASX Solutions (BASX). BASX designs and manufactures premium, highly customized commercial HVAC equipment for data centers, clean rooms, and other niche applications.
# Ponte Vedra, Florida

This page is for the inland community in Florida. For the beachfront community, see Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida For other places, see Pontevedra (disambiguation).
Ponte Vedra is an unincorporated area in northern St. Johns County, Florida, United States, 18 miles (29 km) southeast of downtown Jacksonville, 26 miles (42 km) north of St. Augustine and west of the Intracoastal Waterway.
Historically, there was no distinction between Ponte Vedra and Ponte Vedra Beach. However, after the Nocatee development became reality and Ponte Vedra High School opened, the United States Postal Service designated the area south and southwest of the 32082 area as Ponte Vedra and assigned it zip code 32081 in anticipation of future growth. Ponte Vedra is located west of the Intracoastal Waterway; south and east of the Duval county line. It presently includes parts of Palm Valley, much of Nocotee, Allen D. Nease Senior High School and Ponte Vedra High School The population of Ponte Vedra was 33,249 according to Census data:ACS 2023 and it is primarily a residential area.
# Brooklyn Centre

Brooklyn Centre is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It borders Old Brooklyn to the south, Stockyards, Clark–Fulton, and Tremont to the north, and the Cuyahoga Valley and the suburb of Cuyahoga Heights to the east.

## History

Brooklyn Centre was founded in 1812 by James Fish and became the first settlement west of the Cuyahoga River. Two years later, around 200 people lived at Brooklyn Centre. By 1812, Brooklyn Centre became a township. In the early 1960s, the neighborhood was changed dramatically with the construction of I-71. Entire streets were lost and new cul-de-sacs and dead ends were created, changing the fabric of the neighborhood. In 1984, the City of Cleveland created the Brooklyn Centre Historic District, recognizing the location's historic and architectural importance.
In November 2004, The Brooklyn Centre Historical Society published Reflections from Brooklyn Centre: Presentations and Oral Histories from The Brooklyn Centre Historical Society. In November 2008, Brooklyn Centre became a National Wildlife Federation registered Community Wildlife Habitat Site, and was among the first city neighborhoods to obtain the designation.
The eastern portion of Brooklyn Centre is known as Barbarowa. Brooklyn Centre is bordered on the east by the Cuyahoga River I-176/The Jennings Freeway. The west border is I-71. The border to the south is Big Creek which runs through the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and is the largest tributary that flows into the Cuyahoga. The northern border is a city street named Trowbridge.

## Demographics

Brooklyn Centre was originally settled by residents from Connecticut who had purchased land from investors of the Connecticut Western Reserve. German immigrants arrived starting in the late 19th century, followed by Polish and Irish arrivals in the early 20th century. These new settlers relocated to the east end of the neighborhood so that they would be close to the factories in and around the Cuyahoga Valley such as the tanneries and steel mills.
Today, Brooklyn Centre is a diverse neighborhood, with a mixed population of ethnic Europeans, African Americans, and, most prominently, a growing Hispanic community, Puerto Rican and otherwise. In 2020, the composition of the neighborhood was 61.1% white, 21.1% African American, 1.6% Asian and Pacific Islander, and 16.1% mixed and other groups. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 37.8% of the population. As of 2019, Brooklyn Centre had an estimated foreign-born population of 17.3%, with most being immigrants from Latin America (especially Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico).
# Medway Estuary and Marshes

Medway Estuary and Marshes is a 4,748.8-hectare (11,735-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches along the banks of the River Medway between Gillingham and Sheerness in Kent. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, a Ramsar internationally important wetland site, and a Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Part of the land area designated as Medway Estuary and Marshes SSSI is owned by the Church Commissioners.
This site is internationally important for its wintering birds, and nationally important for its breeding birds. It is also has an outstanding flora, such as the nationally rare oak-leaved goosefoot and the nationally scarce slender hare's-ear.
# Mehmet Galip Bey

Mehmet Galip Bey (1854–1915) was an Ottoman statesman who served as a Senator of the Ottoman Empire from 1908 till his death in 1915.
Mehmet Galip Bey was born in Niğde in 1854. He is the son of Mehmet Said Efendi. He took lessons from private teachers. He learned Arabic, Persian and French. At the age of sixteen, he was appointed as assistant director of Muş tahrirat. He remained in this post for only one year. He resigned a year later and returned to Istanbul. He entered the Finance Letter Office. In 1873, he was appointed to the Directorate of Landscaping of the Süleymaniye Sanjak. While he was a letterman in the Danube Vilayet, he had to return to Istanbul due to the war. He was appointed as a member of the Bidayet Court in 1880. He served as a Member, Prosecutor, and Chief of the Bidayet Court in Konya, Istanbul, Thessaloniki, Adana, Baghdad, Sivas and Ankara. He worked as an Inspector of the Judiciary in Manastır, Kosovo. He became a member of the Committee of Union and Progress. He wrote poems under a pseudonym for the magazines Meşveret and Şûrâ-yı Ümmet, which were published in Paris, and Neyir-i Perakende, which was published in Manastır. After the re-declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy, he was appointed as a member of the Ottoman Senate on 27 December 1908. He held this role up until his death in 1915.
He had six children. His third child, diplomat Ahmet Naci, married British-born Olga Cynthia (whose name was changed to Nadide Kenter after she obtained Turkish citizenship). Yıldız Kenter and Müşfik Kenter were born from this marriage.
Galip Bey was admitted to the Macedonia Risorta lodge operating in Thessaloniki on 8 October 1908, and was a dedicated freemason.
# Gene Gould

Gene Gould (born 10 May 1950) is an Antiguan cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for the Leeward Islands from 1971 to 1975.
# Aleksandra Leliwa-Kopystyńska

Aleksandra Halina Lelywa-Kupistynska (August 20, 1937 in Warsaw - March 18, 2023) was a Polish physicist, professor at the University of Warsaw. In 2018–2022, she was President of the Society for Children of the Holocaust (SDH).

## Life

Aleksandra Halina Lelywa-Kupistynska was born into a Polish-Jewish family, the daughter of Józef Smitanowski, a sergeant in the Polish army who received the Cross of Independence in 1942, and Irena Nye Wakenbaum. She survived World War II along with his mother and older brother Stephen.
Lelywa-Kupistynska specialized in atomic physics, experimental physics and atomic and spectroscopy. She was a researcher at the Institute of Experimental Physics for many years and was also a member of the Polish Physics Society, serving as its Secretary General in 2002–2003. She initiated the creation of the Women's Division of the PTF and served as the Chairman of its Audit Committee. She was also a member of the Children of the Holocaust Association, serving as vice president from 2009 and President from 2018 to 2022. She was a member of the Social College POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw.

## Works

* Wykłady z fizyki atomu (1989, ISBN 830108829X)
* Informacja obrazowa: własności i detekcja promieniowania e-m, psychologia widzenia, przetwarzanie obrazów (1992, współautor, ISBN 8320412773)
# 1917 Rossendale by-election

The 1917 Rossendale by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rossendale on 13 February 1917.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP, Lewis Harcourt as the first Viscount Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt in Oxfordshire. Harcourt had himself been elected as MP for Rossendale in a by-election in 1904.

## Candidates

The Rossendale Liberal Council selected as their candidate 54 year-old Sir John Maden. Maden had been the local MP from 1892 until 1900 when he stood down. Maden was the current mayor of Bacup and a cotton manufacturer by trade. The Unionists being partners in the wartime coalition government of David Lloyd George did not oppose Maden but an organisation called the British Citizen Party indicated they would stand a candidate in the election.
In the end at a special meeting of Socialists and representatives of organised labour at Waterfoot, Lancashire it was agreed to run a Labour candidate on a peace ticket. The meeting chose 39 year-old Albert Taylor, the secretary of the Rossendale Union of Boot, Shoe and Slipper Operatives. Taylor was a conscientious objector but had been exempted from combatant service on condition he agree to undertake other work of national importance. He declined to do this.

## Issues

There were no domestic or local issues of any importance in the by-election. Maden had stated publicly that he would not raise any such questions, saying that personal opinions on ‘minor matters’ had no place on the hustings and that he stood simply on the platform of supporting the present, or any other government, which worked to bring the then-called Great War to a successful conclusion. He did hold a public meeting in Bacup on 10 February 1917 but the centre piece of the event was his reading a telegram from H. H. Asquith supporting his candidacy as part of a united front to win the war.
Taylor stood as a peace party candidate. His description in the press was ‘Peace by Negotiation’ candidate. However on 30 January 1917 he was fined £2 for refusing to do non-combatant military service and was detained. This did not prevent his nomination as a candidate but it did mean he was unable to campaign in the by-election, being in the custody of the military authorities.

## The result

Maden was re-elected as Liberal MP for Rossendale in support of the government coalition with a comfortable majority over Taylor. Coincidentally, the election was 17 years to the day from the by-election caused by his previous resignation.

## The votes

Rossendale by-election, 1917 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Maden | 6,019 | 76.9 | N/A |
| | Independent | Albert Taylor | 1,804 | 23.1 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,215 | 53.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,823 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | | |