OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adelaide–Wolseley railway line

The Adelaide–Wolseley railway line is a 313 kilometre line running from Adelaide to Wolseley on the Australian Rail Track Corporation network. It is the South Australian section of the Melbourne–Adelaide railway.

## History

The line opened in stages: on 14 March 1883 from Adelaide to Aldgate, on 28 November 1883 to Nairne, on 1 May 1886 to Bordertown and on 19 January 1887 to Serviceton. The line consisted of double track as far as Belair, where it became single track for the remainder of the journey east. Along its 313 km length, there are 18 crossing loops. In 1995, the track was converted to standard gauge as part of the gauge conversion of the line to Melbourne. This included one of the lines west of Belair, effectively converting this section to two single lines. In 2009, the Belair line was relaid with dual gauge sleepers that will allow it to be converted to standard gauge in the future.
Originally operated by South Australian Railways, in March 1978, it was transferred to Australian National and in July 1998 to the Australian Rail Track Corporation. Until April 1987, the State Transport Authority operated passenger services on the first 37 kilometres of the line from Adelaide to Bridgewater until they were curtailed to Belair, the terminus of today's Adelaide Metro Belair line. TransAdelaide succeeded the STA in operating the line in 1994.

## Route

Major towns on the route include Murray Bridge, Tailem Bend, Keith, Bordertown and Wolseley.

## Former branch lines

* Mount Pleasant railway line: opened 1918 (closed in 1963, line has been removed)
* Victor Harbor railway line: opened 1884 (last passenger service in 1984; now a heritage tourist railway)
* Sedan railway line: opened 1919 (closed 2005)
* Loxton railway line: opened 1913 (last train 2015, now mothballed)
* Pinnaroo railway line: opened 1906 (last train 2015, now mothballed)
* Mount Gambier railway line: opened 1887 (isolated by rail gauge in 1995)

## Services

Today the route is mainly served by interstate freight services operated by Pacific National and SCT Logistics. Intrastate grain freight services from the Loxton and Pinnaroo lines operated by Genesee & Wyoming Australia ceased operating in July 2015. Grain services from Tailem Bend and Wolseley run regularly via Aurizon trains.
Journey Beyond's The Overland is the only scheduled passenger service to traverse the full route, calling at Murray Bridge and Bordertown stations. Adelaide Metro services operate from Adelaide to Belair.
Prior to December 1990, the Blue Lake passenger to Mount Gambier served some towns along the line till Wolseley. The Blue Lake was withdrawn completely with the cessation of all AN intrastate passenger services on 31 December 1990.
# Dunston, Tyne and Wear

Dunston is a western area of the town of Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, North East England (into which it was absorbed in 1974). Dunston had a population of 18,326 at the 2011 Census.

## History

It has been speculated that Dunston started its existence as a farm or estate of a man named Dunn. Historically part of County Durham, Dunston was first mentioned in 1328. Salmon fishing and farming were important industries in Dunston from at least the 14th century. Coal mining on a small-scale was also important but by the 17th century, the proximity of the river aided the development of large-scale coal mining in the village. During the Great Tyne Flood of 1771 villagers had to be rescued by boat from the roofs and upper stories of their houses.

## Area

Dunston is served by Dunston railway station on the Tyne Valley Line.
Dunston is split into two areas separated by the A1 dual carriageway. Much of the area south of the A1 is known as Dunston Hill. For electoral purposes, the northern section is grouped along with the Teams area to form Dunston and Teams ward, while the southern section is combined with parts of Whickham, forming Dunston Hill and Whickham East.
To the west of Dunston is the site of Dunston Power Station, now demolished. The site is now home to Costco, with the MetroCentre (at this time the largest shopping and leisure complex in Europe), occupying the former site of the station's ash ponds. The Gateshead-based Go-Ahead Group has constructed a new bus depot to replace its Sunderland Road and Winlaton depots on the eastern part of the power station site. Another Dunston landmark was the Derwent Tower (commonly known as "The Rocket"), a tower block that was once the highest building in Gateshead. It was designed by the Owen Luder Partnership and completed in 1973. A well-known structure that had appeared in two films, it was demolished in 2012. It had always proved unpopular with residents, and fallen into a poor condition: Gateshead Council decided that the renovation costs would be prohibitive. The 1960s Tower Court development has now been replaced by new housing and shops. Luder also designed the similarly maligned Trinity Centre Multi-Storey Car Park (known for its appearance in the 1971 gangster thriller Get Carter, and now demolished) in Gateshead town centre.
On 6 June 1993 the IRA attacked a gas holder in the nearby area of Low Team. The damage was limited, and no one was injured.

## Sports

Dunston has one sports team which is association football club called Dunston UTS who currently play in the Northern Premier League Division One North West.

## Notable people

Footballers Paul Gascoigne and Ray Hudson, and the lead singer of AC/DC Brian Johnson, all spent their formative years in Dunston. Champion rower and boat-builder Harry Clasper was born in Dunston, and Victoria Hopper, the celebrated Canadian-born British stage and film actress and singer, was raised in Dunston.
# 1916 Chesterton by-election

The 1916 Chesterton by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of the Chesterton or Western Division of Cambridgeshire on 20 January 1916.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the re-appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, the Rt. Hon. Edwin Montagu as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Montagu had held this post briefly in 1915 but was replaced after three months by Winston Churchill on the formation of H H Asquith’s wartime coalition government. At that time he became Financial Secretary to the Treasury a post he had previously held in 1914-15. He now continued to hold the post of Financial Secretary as well as that of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. However under the Parliamentary rules of the day had to resign and fight a by-election.

## Candidates

Montagu was re-selected to fight the seat by his local Liberal Association and as the wartime truce between the political parties was in operation no opposing candidate was nominated against him.

## The result

There being no other candidates putting themselves forward Montagu was returned unopposed.
Chesterton by-election, 1916 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Edwin Samuel Montagu | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |
# 2001 Skopje police raid

During the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia, a raid was conducted by the Macedonian police against ethnic Albanian rebels in a suburb of Skopje on 7 August. The police killed the rebel group and captured their weapon supplies.

## Raid

The Macedonian special police unit "Tigers" performed a raid on 7 August 2001, in the Skopje suburb of Čair around 4:00 a.m. (UTC+2). Five rebels were killed by the police in the raid. National Liberation Army (NLA) commander Lefter Koxhaj, also known as Commander Teli, was among those killed. According to the Macedonian interior minister Ljube Boškovski, the Macedonian police acted on information that NLA rebels were planning an attack on the capital and that they would attack from the nearby village of Aračinovo, the site of the Aračinovo crisis a month prior, after which they were evacuated by NATO forces. During the fighting in Aračinovo, the rebels claimed they would attack the capital city of Skopje, including the airport and oil refinery and that they had infiltrated cells ready to attack.
Per Boškovski, the police tried to arrest the rebels, encountered "strong armed resistance" and returned fire. He reported that 30 people were arrested in the police operation. The Macedonian police found a large quantity of weapons, including 6 assault rifles, 5 grenade launchers, 400 rounds of ammunition, 5 pistols, 3 grenades and combat uniforms. During the operation, four suspects were taken to the Gazi Baba police station for interrogation on suspicion of being members of the NLA.

## Aftermath

On the following day, an investigator of the Human Rights Watch who was on the scene, Peter Bouckaert, said there was no evidence of "strong armed resistance" and that the men were lying down when they were shot. According to a Washington Post report: "The house looked more like the scene of a summary execution. A reporter saw no signs that the victims had fired a shot at the raiders. Windows were closed, and no bullet holes nicked the walls or ceiling. The front door had not been forced open." The Albanian-language news media reported the killing as a premeditated execution, describing the scene in detail. The broadcasting of Albanian-language news on Macedonian Radio Television was interrupted for 23 days. Two suspects who were detained were released. Another suspect was kept in custody but later released in December 2001 following a presidential amnesty for members of the NLA. One suspect went missing.
Ethnic Albanian politicians acknowledged the police raid and the deaths but refused to comment. Members of the NLA and ethnic Albanians claimed the men were civilians. On the same day the NLA attacked a Macedonian army convoy near Tetovo in what would become known as Karpalak ambush, supposedly as retaliation for the 5 Albanians killed by the police during the raid.
# Masculine beauty ideal

The masculine beauty ideal is a set of cultural beauty standards for men which change based on the historical era and the geographic region. These standards are ingrained in men from a young age to increase their perceived physical attractiveness.
Masculine beauty ideals are mainly rooted in heteronormative beliefs about hypermasculinity, but they heavily influence men of all sexual orientations and gender identities. The masculine beauty ideal traits include but are not limited to: male body shape, height, skin tones, body weight, muscle mass, and genital size. Men oftentimes feel social pressure to conform to these standards in order to feel desirable, and thus elect to alter their bodies through processes such as extreme dieting, genital enlargement, radical fitness regimens, skin whitening, tanning, and other bodily surgical modifications.

## Colonialism

Because masculine beauty standards are subjective, they change significantly based on location. A professor of anthropology at the University of Edinburgh, Alexander Edmonds, states that in Western Europe and other colonial societies (Australia, and North and South America), the legacies of slavery and colonialism have resulted in images of beautiful men being "very white."

## Androgyny

Standards of beauty vary based on culture and location. While Western beauty standards emphasize muscled physiques, this is not the case everywhere. In South Korea and other parts of East Asia, the rise of androgynous K-pop bands have led to slim boyish bodies, vibrant hair, and make-up being more sought-after ideals of masculine beauty.

## Youthfulness

Beauty standards have evolved over time, changing based on various factors. Youth was seen as beautiful in places such as ancient Egypt, with art as an example of this. Egyptian art pieces showed youthful figures in an idealized form. Greek and Roman sculptures continued this theme of idealism but chose to represent beauty through qualities such as muscles and intellect.

## Weight

Over time, wealthy and powerful figures moved away from the idealistic nature and grew to see wealth through access to scarcities as more ideal. One of these scarcities was the amount of food accessible at the time. When food shortages were a problem, excessive adipose tissue was a symbol of wealth. Paintings that represented the beauty of the early modern period were of prominent and powerful figures, many showing their wealth through their excess adipose tissue. Due to this, they were not painted in an idealistic way, focusing especially on the clothes and other material possessions to accentuate this wealth.
# 2007 VLN Series

The 2007 BFGoodrich Langstreckenmeisterschaft (BFGLM) season was the 30th season of the VLN.
The drivers championship was won by Heinz-Otto Fritzsche, Jürgen Fritzsche and Marco Wolf, driving an Opel Astra for Kissling Motorsport.

## Calendar

| Rnd. | Race | Length | Circuit | Date |
| 1 | 55. ADAC Westfalenfahrt | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | March 31 |
| 2 | 32. DMV 4-Stunden-Rennen | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | April 14 |
| 3 | 49. ADAC ACAS H&R-Cup | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | April 28 |
| 4 | 38. Adenauer ADAC Rundstrecken-Trophy | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | May 12 |
| 5 | 47. ADAC Reinoldus-Langstreckenrennen | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | May 26 |
| 6 | 30. RCM DMV Grenzlandrennen | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | August 18 |
| 7 | 6h ADAC Ruhr-Pokal-Rennen | 6 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | September 15 |
| 8 | 39. ADAC Barbarossapreis | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | September 29 |
| 9 | 31. DMV 250-Meilen-Rennen | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | October 13 |
| 10 | 32. DMV Münsterlandpokal | 4 hours | Nürburgring Nordschleife | October 27 |

## Race Results

Results indicate overall winners only.
| Rnd | Circuit | Pole Position | Winners |
| 1 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 440 | No. 123 Mamerow Racing |
| 1 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Andreas Schall Ralf Schall Volker Strycek | Peter Mamerow Christian Mamerow |
| 2 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 123 Mamerow Racing | No. 108 Land-Motorsport |
| 2 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Peter Mamerow Christian Mamerow | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici Dirk Adorf |
| 3 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 108 Land-Motorsport | No. 108 Land-Motorsport |
| 3 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici Dirk Adorf | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici Dirk Adorf |
| 4 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 108 Land-Motorsport | No. 108 Land-Motorsport |
| 4 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici Dirk Adorf | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici Dirk Adorf |
| 5 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 111 Manthey Racing | No. 111 Manthey Racing |
| 5 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Timo Bernhard Romain Dumas | Timo Bernhard Romain Dumas |
| 6 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 108 Land-Motorsport | No. 108 Land-Motorsport |
| 6 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici |
| 7 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 111 Manthey Racing | No. 111 Manthey Racing |
| 7 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Marcel Tiemann Romain Dumas Arno Klasen | Marcel Tiemann Romain Dumas Arno Klasen |
| 8 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 111 Manthey Racing | No. 111 Manthey Racing |
| 8 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Marcel Tiemann Marc Lieb Arno Klasen | Marcel Tiemann Marc Lieb Arno Klasen |
| 9 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 111 Manthey Racing | No. 111 Manthey Racing |
| 9 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Marcel Tiemann Marc Lieb Arno Klasen | Marcel Tiemann Marc Lieb Arno Klasen |
| 10 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | No. 109 Hankook / H&R-Spezialfedern | No. 108 Land-Motorsport |
| 10 | Nürburgring Nordschleife | Jürgen Alzen Uwe Alzen | Marc Basseng Marc Hennerici |
| Sources: ||||
# Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast

The Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast was a military occupation that began with the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The capital, Zhytomyr was never captured and was bombed in the 2022 Zhytomyr attacks. Small towns and settlements were however captured, in the north-west and north-central Korosten Raion, near the border with Kyiv Oblast.

## Occupation

In Zhytomyr Oblast's Narodychi settlement hromada [uk], which borders Kyiv Oblast and the Gomel Region of Belarus, the villages of Radcha, Stara Radcha [uk], Nova Radcha [uk], Davydky, and Hrezlya [uk] came under Russian control on 24 February. Russian forces in tanks with the letter V established positions in around Hrezlya, which lies at the intersection of highways leading to Narodychi and Ovruch. Of the five villages, the majority of Russian troops were stationed in Hrezlya, which was liberated along with the others on 3 April.
According to the head of the Ovruch territorial community, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian troops did not attempt to cross the state border of Ukraine at the Vystupovychi border crossing.
The village of Rubezhivka [uk] was also under Russian occupation for several days, according to local officials.
According to the Ukrainian military, Russian forces were planning to occupy the city of Malyn in Zhytomyr Oblast, but were held back by Ukraine's 10th Mountain Assault Brigade, which held the line on the border of the Zhytomyr and Kyiv Oblasts. The nearest battles were fought a distance of 25 kilometers from the city, according to a member of the brigade.
Russian forces advanced from Gomel Oblast, Belarus into Zhytomyr Oblast, at first capturing several settlements such as Pershotravneve and Vystupovychi. More troops later arrived in north-central Zhytomyr Oblast, and captured Chervonosilka, Verkhnia Rudnia, Selezivka and Syrnytsia. Russian troops also spilled over from Kyiv Oblast and took control of Kocheriv, Kvitneve and Staseva.
By 4 April, Ukrainian officials claimed to have cleared the region of Russian forces. Zhytomyr Oblast governor Vitaliy Buchenko claimed that Russian troops left military equipment and mines in towns and homes.
On 8 April, Russia withdrew from the entirety of its occupied territories in northern Ukraine.

## Control of cities

| Name | Pop. | Raion | Held by | As of | More information |
| Berdychiv | 73,999 | Berdychiv | Ukraine | 24 Feb 2022 | |
| Narodychi | 2,907 | Korosten | Ukraine | 4 Apr 2022 | |
| Pershotravneve | 2,260 | Korosten | Ukraine | 3 Apr 2022 |
| Radcha | 265 | Korosten | Ukraine | 3 Apr 2022 | Captured by Russia 24 February 2022 Recaptured by Ukraine 3 April 2022 |
| Zhytomyr | 263,507 | Zhytomyr | Ukraine | 24 Feb 2022 | See 2022 Zhytomyr attacks, Infrastructure attacks |
| Zviahel | 55,463 | Zviahel | Ukraine | 24 Feb 2022 | |
# Earl (recording artist)

Chris Earl Mathewson (born October 29, 1983), known professionally as Earl is an American recording artist who is best known for his single “Fire the Fuse” and is listed as a MTV Artist To Watch.

## Career

In 2014, after being a tattoo artist for eleven years, Earl began his career as a recording artist. He chose the name Earl after his middle name and says it is also an acronym for “Existence After Real Love”. Earl creates music to give a Christ-like perspective and his lyrics never contain profanity.,

### Fire the Fuse

In 2016 Earl released his single “Fire the Fuse”. The song received international radio play and was marketed to various night clubs and received a positive response from music critics.

## Discography
### Singles

* 2015: "Crushed Diamonds"
* 2016: "Release the Hold"
* 2016: "Restless"
* 2016: "Fire the Fuse"
# Sixto Orosa

Sixto Ylagan Orosa Sr. (August 6, 1891 – April 21, 1981) was a Filipino physician and writer.

## Background

Orosa was born in Taal. He was the brother of María Orosa.

## Books

Books written by Orosa, includes:
    The Sulu Archipelago and Its People, World Book Company, 1931
    Through Three Generations, 1976
    Jose Rizal: Man and Hero,
    Si Jose Rizal: ang pambansang bayaning Pilipino, S.Y. Orosa, 1958
# AR

AR, Ar, or A&R may refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Music

* Artists and repertoire
* AR (EP), the debut EP by Addison Rae

### Periodicals

* Absolute Return + Alpha, a hedge fund publication
* The Adelaide Review, an Australian arts magazine
* American Renaissance (magazine), a white nationalist magazine and website
* Architectural Review, a British architectural journal
* Armeerundschau, a magazine of the East German army

### Other media

* Ar, city on the fictional planet Gor
* A.r. group, an avant-garde art group
* Alternate reality (disambiguation), various fictional concepts

## Business

* Accounts receivable, abbreviated as AR or A/R
* Acoustic Research, an American audio electronics manufacturer
* Aerojet Rocketdyne, an American aerospace and defense manufacturer
* Aerolíneas Argentinas (IATA airline code AR)
* AtkinsRéalis, Canadian engineering company
* Some Alfa Romeo car models, e.g. AR51
* Toyota AR engine

## Language

* Ar, the Latin letter R when spelled out
* Ar (cuneiform), a cuneiform combined sign
* Arabic, by ISO 639-1 language code

## Science and technology
### Computing

* Accelerated Reader, educational reading assessment software
* Adaptive routing, in networking
* Adobe Aero, an Adobe software
* ar (Unix), a Unix archive format and handling tool
* Augmented reality, an application of virtual reality in the real world

### Biology and medicine

* Androgen receptor, a nuclear hormone receptor
* Aortic regurgitation, a heart valve disease
* Autosomal recessive inheritance

### Mathematics

* ar-, a prefix of inverse hyperbolic functions
* Autoregressive model, concerning random processes in statistics

### Physics, chemistry and engineering

* Anti-reflective, coating of lenses
* Aqua regia, a chemical mixture
* Archimedes number in fluid dynamics
* Argon (Ar), a chemical element
* Aryl group, in organic chemistry
* Aspect ratio (aeronautics), of a wing
* Relative atomic mass (A$_r$), the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element

## Military and weapons

* A US Navy hull classification symbol: Repair ship (AR)
* Armalite Rifle
** AR-15–style rifle, rifles based on ArmaLite's AR-15
* Army Reserve (Ireland), the land component of the Irish Reserve Defence Forces (RDF)

## Places

* Ar (city), in ancient Moab
* Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland
* Province of Arezzo, Italy, vehicle registration code
* Argentina (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code)
** .ar, the country code Top Level Domain for Argentina
* Arkansas, United States
* Armstrong–Ringsted Community School District, Iowa, United States
* Arunachal Pradesh, a state of India

## Politics and ethics

* Affirmative Repositioning, a political movement in Namibia
* Animal rights, a philosophy
* Animal rights movement, a social movement advocating for other animals
* Antipodean Resistance, an Australian neo-Nazi group

## Other uses

* 🜇 or AR, a numismatic abbreviation for "silver"
* Argent, the heraldic tincture of silver
* Assistant referee (association football)
* Auto rickshaw, a motorized three-wheeled vehicle common in South Asia
* Avis de réception, postal advice or acknowledgement of receipt
# Phil the Alien

Phil the Alien is a 2004 Canadian comedy film. It was written and directed by Rob Stefaniuk, who also starred as the titular Phil.
The film's cast also includes Graham Greene, Ingrid Veninger and Joe Flaherty in his final role prior to his death in 2024.

## Plot summary

Phil is an extraterrestrial with shape-shifting ability and telekinetic powers. After crash-landing in Northern Ontario, Phil befriends a red neck child, his father, and a talking beaver as he wanders the Canadian wilderness. Phil is soon introduced to the trappings of small town northern Ontario and adopts the persona and mannerisms of a stereotypical Canadian small town alcoholic while hiding from the ineffectual and mentally traumatized military general who is trying to capture him. Hilarity ensues as his telekinetic powers convince some that he is the Christian messiah and soon joins a local rock band as a singer. A cold hearted assassin from Quebec attempts to end his existence as he and the band go out on tour. The ending consists of suspense, treachery, and dolphins.

## Cast

* Rob Stefaniuk ... Phil the Alien
* Nicole de Boer ... Madame Madame
* Graham Greene ... Wolf
* Boyd Banks ... Slim
* Christopher Barry ... Thomas