# Culasi

Culasi, officially the Municipality of Culasi (Kinaray-a: Banwa kang Culasi; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Culasi; Tagalog: Bayan ng Culasi), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Antique, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 44,494 people. Making it fourth most populous municipality in the province of Antique and third largest municipality in terms of land area, with a total area of 228.56 square kilometers.
The municipality of Culasi is known as the home of majestic Mount Madja-as, the highest peak in Panay. It is famous for its mossy forest, sea of clouds and 14 waterfalls, with an elevation of 6,946 ft (2,117 m) above sea level. Madja-as an enchanted mountain sacred to ancient Visayans as it is home to the god of death, Sidapa, and god of meteors, Bulalakaw.

## Etymology

The name Culasi or Kulasi was derived from the local term for a species of mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa which grow abundantly in the vicinity's river basin.

## History
### Spanish colonial times

During the Spanish colonial times, Culasi was known by its old name "Bacong". Now, Bacong is only one of its barangays. Bacong was one of the four visitas or towns established by the Spaniards. The others were Nalupa (now Barbaza), Bugason (now Bugasong), and Hamtik (now Hamtic).
The 1905 census revealed that Culasi had the biggest Chinese population in Antique, so much so that it had a barrio named "Villa de Hong Kong" in their honor. It is now part of the Poblacion.

### 1981 Bacong Bridge Massacre

One of the significant events of the Philippines's Martial Law era was the Bacong Bridge Massacre, which took place in Culasi on December 19, 1981. Sometimes also known as the Culasi incident, it involved the Philippine Constabulary killing 5 protester-farmers at the Bacong River bridge in Barangay Malacañang, Culasi, Antique. The victims were identified as Leopoldo A. Anos, Aquilino M. Castillo, Fortunato M. Dalisay, Remegildo P. Dalisay, and Joel B. Plaquino.

## Geography

Culasi is 92 kilometres (57 mi) north from San Jose de Buenavista, the capital of Antique, and 90 kilometres (56 mi) south from Kalibo, the capital of Aklan.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 228.56 square kilometres (88.25 sq mi)  constituting 8.37% of the 2,729.17-square-kilometre- (1,053.74 sq mi) total area of Antique.
Located in the northern portion of the province, it is bounded on the north by Sebaste, south by Tibiao, west by the Sulu Sea and east by Mount Madja-as and the Municipality of Madalag, Aklan, just beyond. Its territory includes Maniguin (or Maningning / Hammerhead) and Batbatan Islands.
Excluding the outlying islands, its northernmost point is located at 11°32’05" latitude and 122°05’00" longitude. Its easternmost point is located at 11°30’50" latitude and 122°10’05" longitude. Its southernmost point is located at 11°21’04" latitude and 122°02’08" longitude and the westernmost point is at 11°31’05" latitude and 122°03’08" longitude.

### List of islands in Culasi by land area

* Batbatan Island 4.64 km$^2$ (1.79 sq mi)
* Maniguin Island 1.21 km$^2$ (0.47 sq mi)
* Mararison Island 0.55 km$^2$ (0.21 sq mi)

### Topography

Culasi has a slope of 8°. Eastern height ranges from 200 metres (660 ft) to 2,117 metres (6,946 ft) at the summit of Mount Madia-as, it is the highest point in Panay. It has unbroken mountain range from barangay Batonan Sur in the south to barangay Salde in the northernmost. From the peak of Madia-as Mountain it gradually flattens down to a narrow strip of the coastal plain. Land area roughly covers 82.92% upland and above lowland comprises 17.08% of the land area with a slope of 18% and below. Forest areas comprise almost half of the total land area covering 12,078 hectares (29,850 acres).

### Climate

Climate data for Culasi, Antique :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 64 (2.5) | 44 (1.7) | 58 (2.3) | 83 (3.3) | 204 (8.0) | 304 (12.0) | 334 (13.1) | 291 (11.5) | 310 (12.2) | 281 (11.1) | 172 (6.8) | 97 (3.8) | 2,242 (88.3) |
| Average rainy days | 12.5 | 8.9 | 11.3 | 14.1 | 24.2 | 28.0 | 29.6 | 28.2 | 28.1 | 28.1 | 20.2 | 15.2 | 248.4 |
| Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally) ||||||||||||||
Culasi has two distinct seasons, the rainy and dry. Rainy season occurs in the months of May to November and dry season for the rest of the year. Areas like the mountainous barangays of Flores and Osorio located at the southern portion of the municipality are characterized by a relatively cool temperature which is highly suited for coffee. The higher precipitation acquired may be caused by high mountain range or because of its high topography.

### Barangays

Culasi is politically subdivided into 44 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
These barangays are classified into 3 island, 11 upland, 16 coastal and 14 interior/lowland barangays.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 060606001 | Alojipan | 1.0% | 462 | 446 | ▴ | 0.35% |
| 060606002 | Bagacay | 3.3% | 1,480 | 1,462 | ▴ | 0.12% |
| 060606003 | Balac-balac | 1.5% | 660 | 601 | ▴ | 0.94% |
| 060606005 | Batbatan Island | 6.4% | 2,851 | 2,407 | ▴ | 1.71% |
| 060606007 | Batonan Norte | 1.4% | 620 | 608 | ▴ | 0.20% |
| 060606008 | Batonan Sur | 1.7% | 749 | 730 | ▴ | 0.26% |
| 060606009 | Bita | 1.0% | 431 | 410 | ▴ | 0.50% |
| 060606010 | Bitadton Norte | 1.8% | 788 | 711 | ▴ | 1.03% |
| 060606011 | Bitadton Sur | 4.9% | 2,166 | 2,075 | ▴ | 0.43% |
| 060606012 | Buenavista | 1.6% | 726 | 683 | ▴ | 0.61% |
| 060606013 | Buhi | 1.4% | 619 | 582 | ▴ | 0.62% |
| 060606014 | Camancijan | 4.4% | 1,938 | 1,901 | ▴ | 0.19% |
| 060606015 | Caridad | 2.0% | 882 | 828 | ▴ | 0.63% |
| 060606016 | Carit-an | 1.4% | 628 | 518 | ▴ | 1.94% |
| 060606032 | Centro Norte (Poblacion) | 4.8% | 2,114 | 1,947 | ▴ | 0.83% |
| 060606031 | Centro Poblacion | 5.6% | 2,477 | 2,668 | ▾ | −0.74% |
| 060606033 | Centro Sur (Poblacion) | 3.7% | 1,654 | 1,791 | ▾ | −0.79% |
| 060606017 | Condes | 0.9% | 420 | 389 | ▴ | 0.77% |
| 060606018 | Esperanza | 2.5% | 1,132 | 1,029 | ▴ | 0.96% |
| 060606019 | Fe | 1.7% | 770 | 678 | ▴ | 1.28% |
| 060606020 | Flores | 1.8% | 822 | 804 | ▴ | 0.22% |
| 060606021 | Jalandoni | 3.3% | 1,485 | 1,384 | ▴ | 0.71% |
| 060606022 | Janlagasi | 0.5% | 215 | 204 | ▴ | 0.53% |
| 060606023 | Lamputong | 1.4% | 628 | 617 | ▴ | 0.18% |
| 060606024 | Lipata | 4.4% | 1,962 | 1,831 | ▴ | 0.69% |
| 060606004 | Magsaysay (Balua) | 1.3% | 578 | 524 | ▴ | 0.99% |
| 060606025 | Malacañang | 3.5% | 1,572 | 1,466 | ▴ | 0.70% |
| 060606026 | Malalison Island | 1.5% | 649 | 584 | ▴ | 1.06% |
| 060606027 | Maniguin | 1.6% | 719 | 643 | ▴ | 1.12% |
| 060606028 | Naba | 3.7% | 1,628 | 999 | ▴ | 5.00% |
| 060606029 | Osorio | 1.2% | 524 | 485 | ▴ | 0.78% |
| 060606030 | Paningayan | 0.8% | 354 | 330 | ▴ | 0.70% |
| 060606034 | Salde | 0.5% | 203 | 121 | ▴ | 5.31% |
| 060606036 | San Antonio | 2.2% | 962 | 1,664 | ▾ | −5.33% |
| 060606037 | San Gregorio | 1.1% | 476 | 450 | ▴ | 0.56% |
| 060606038 | San Juan | 1.7% | 751 | 632 | ▴ | 1.74% |
| 060606039 | San Luis | 1.6% | 715 | 696 | ▴ | 0.27% |
| 060606040 | San Pascual | 0.9% | 416 | 384 | ▴ | 0.80% |
| 060606041 | San Vicente | 0.9% | 396 | 390 | ▴ | 0.15% |
| 060606042 | Simbola | 0.5% | 229 | 201 | ▴ | 1.31% |
| 060606043 | Tigbobolo | 1.0% | 460 | 423 | ▴ | 0.84% |
| 060606044 | Tinabusan | 0.4% | 177 | 167 | ▴ | 0.58% |
| 060606045 | Tomao | 1.7% | 751 | 667 | ▴ | 1.19% |
| 060606046 | Valderama | 2.2% | 989 | 956 | ▴ | 0.34% |
| | Total | Total | 44,494 | 39,086 | ▴ | 1.30% |

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1903 | 10,966 | — |
| 1918 | 15,790 | +2.46% |
| 1939 | 19,019 | +0.89% |
| 1948 | 20,601 | +0.89% |
| 1960 | 23,923 | +1.25% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1970 | 22,621 | −0.56% |
| 1975 | 23,584 | +0.84% |
| 1980 | 25,674 | +1.71% |
| 1990 | 29,719 | +1.47% |
| 1995 | 30,431 | +0.44% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2000 | 34,732 | +2.87% |
| 2007 | 37,100 | +0.91% |
| 2010 | 39,086 | +1.92% |
| 2015 | 41,228 | +1.02% |
| 2020 | 44,494 | +1.51% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :
In the 2020 census, Culasi had a population of 44,494. The population density was 190 inhabitants per square kilometre (490/sq mi).

## Economy

Poverty Incidence of Culasi
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 2000 53.18
* 2003 36.99
* 2006 33.60
* 2009 37.23
* 2012 22.06
* 2015 23.02
* 2018 22.58
* 2021 24.44
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Farming and fishing are the major livelihood where the Culasinhon depend their living.

### Natural resources

The rolling hills of Mount Madja-as are rich in manganese, copper and coal found in Timbaban. Other metallic mineral deposits are white clay and pebbles in the island barangays of Malalison and Batbatan. Sand and gravel is being extracted in various rivers and used for infrastructure. Another metallic mineral is the limestone deposit found in Sitio Bula, Camancijan and is used for agricultural and industrial purpose. Limestone is used in the production of cement.
Most treasured one is the oil deposit in Maniguin Island explored by the Philippine National Oil Corporation (PNOC). Several companies drilled oil deposit in Maniguin with black coal. Maniguin has a potential reserve of 28 to 250 million barrels (4.5 to 40 million cubic metres) of oil, based on the PNOC drilling project report.

## Communication

* Landline: Panay Telephone Corp. (PANTELCO)
* Cellular: Smart, Globe, Sun Cellular
* Postal Services: PhilPost
* Cable Television: Kalibo Cable TV-Culasi (Culasi CATV)
* Radio Station: Radyo Natin 101.1 (DYRE-FM) - MBC/Madjaas Communication Service, Sweet FM 95.9 - Xanthone Broadcasting
* Television: over-the-air TV signals picked up in the area are from Iloilo TV stations especially ABS-CBN TV 10 Iloilo which has a stronger signal.

## Education
### College

* Vicente A. Javier Memorial Community College (VAJMCC)

### Secondary

* Bitadton National High School (BNHS)
* Lipata - Lamputong Integrated School (LLIS)
* Northern Antique Vocational School (NAVS)
* Saint Michael High School of Culasi, Inc. (SMHS)
* San Antonio National High School (SANHS)

### Elementary

* Alojipan Primary School
* Bagacay Elementary School
* Balac-Balac Primary School
* Batbatan Elementary School
* Batonan Norte Elementary School
* Batonan Sur Primary School
* Bitadton Elementary School
* Buenavista Elementary School
* Buhi Elementary School
* Camancijan Elementary School
* Carit-an Elementary School
* Culasi Central School
* Culasi North Elementary School
* Esperanza Elementary School
* Fe-Caridad Elementary School
* Flores Elementary School
* Kawit Elementary School
* Light Bearer's Fundamental Baptist Learning Center, Inc.
* Mag-ayad Primary School
* Magsaysay Elementary School
* Malacañang Elementary School
* Malalison Elementary School
* Maniguin Elementary School
* Naba Primary School
* Osorio Elementary School
* Paningayan Primary School
* Saint Michael the Archangel Grade School of Culasi, Inc. (SMAGS)
* San Antonio Elementary School
* San Juan Elementary School
* San Luis-Condes Elementary School
* San Pascual Primary School
* San Vicente Elementary School
* Tomao Primary School
* Valderrama Elementary School

### Pre-school

* Culasi Christian Learning Center (CCLC)
* Culasi Cooperative Learning Center (CMPC-LC)
* Day Care Centers (DCCs)
* Saint Michael Parochial Kindergarten School (SMPKS)
* Seaside Baptist Learning Center, Inc. (SBLCI)