# United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary

The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, informally known as the Senate Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of 22 U.S. senators whose role is to oversee the Department of Justice (DOJ), consider executive and judicial nominations, and review pending legislation.
In addition, the Standing Rules of the Senate confer jurisdiction to the Senate Judiciary Committee in certain areas, such as considering proposed constitutional amendments and legislation related to federal criminal law, human rights law, immigration, intellectual property, antitrust law, and internet privacy.

## History

Established in 1816 as one of the original standing committees in the United States Senate, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary is one of the oldest and most influential committees in Congress. Its broad legislative jurisdiction has assured its primary role as a forum for the public discussion of social and constitutional issues. The committee is also responsible for oversight of key activities of the executive branch, and is responsible for the initial stages of the confirmation process of all judicial nominations for the federal judiciary.

### Nominations

The committee considers presidential nominations for positions in the DOJ—including the Attorney-General and the Director of the FBI—, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the State Justice Institute, and certain positions in the Department of Commerce and DHS. It is also in charge of holding hearings and investigating judicial nominations to the Supreme Court, the U.S. court of appeals, the U.S. district courts, and the Court of International Trade.
If a majority on the committee votes to advance a nomination, the nominee is reported favorably to the whole Senate, which can vote by simple majority to confirm the nominee.

### Oversight

The Judiciary Committee's oversight of the DOJ includes all of the agencies under the DOJ's jurisdiction, such as the FBI. It also has oversight of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

## Members, 119th Congress
### (January 3, 2025 – January 3, 2027)

| Majority | Minority |
| Chuck Grassley, Iowa, Chair Lindsey Graham, South Carolina John Cornyn, Texas Mike Lee, Utah Ted Cruz, Texas Josh Hawley, Missouri Thom Tillis, North Carolina John Kennedy, Louisiana Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee Eric Schmitt, Missouri Katie Britt, Alabama Ashley Moody, Florida (from January 24, 2025) | Dick Durbin, Illinois, Ranking Member Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Cory Booker, New Jersey Alex Padilla, California Peter Welch, Vermont Adam Schiff, California |

## Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
| Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights | Mike Lee (R-UT) | Cory Booker (D-NJ) |
| Border Security and Immigration | John Cornyn (R-TX) | Alex Padilla (D-CA) |
| The Constitution | Eric Schmitt (R-MO) | Peter Welch (D-VT) |
| Crime and Counterterrorism | Josh Hawley (R-MO) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |
| Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights | Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
| Intellectual Property | Thom Tillis (R-NC) | Adam Schiff (D-CA) |
| Privacy, Technology and the Law | Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |

## Chairs since 1816

| Chair | Party | State | Years |
| Dudley Chase | Democratic-Republican | Vermont | 1816–1817 |
| John J. Crittenden | Democratic-Republican | Kentucky | 1817–1818 |
| James Burrill Jr. | Federalist | Rhode Island | 1818–1819 |
| William Smith | Democratic-Republican | South Carolina | 1819–1823 |
| Martin Van Buren | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1823–1828 |
| John M. Berrien | Jacksonian | Georgia | 1828–1829 |
| John Rowan | Democratic-Republican | Kentucky | 1829–1831 |
| William L. Marcy | Jacksonian | New York | 1831–1832 |
| William Wilkins | Jacksonian | Pennsylvania | 1832–1833 |
| John M. Clayton | Anti-Jacksonian | Delaware | 1833–1836 |
| Felix Grundy | Jacksonian | Tennessee | 1836–1838 |
| Garret D. Wall | Democratic | New Jersey | 1838–1841 |
| John M. Berrien | Whig | Georgia | 1841–1845 |
| Chester Ashley | Democratic | Arkansas | 1845–1847 |
| Andrew P. Butler | Democratic | South Carolina | 1847–1857 |
| James A. Bayard Jr. | Democratic | Delaware | 1857–1861 |
| Lyman Trumbull | Republican | Illinois | 1861–1872 |
| George G. Wright | Republican | Iowa | 1872 |
| George F. Edmunds | Republican | Vermont | 1872–1879 |
| Allen G. Thurman | Democratic | Ohio | 1879–1881 |
| George F. Edmunds | Republican | Vermont | 1881–1891 |
| George Frisbie Hoar | Republican | Massachusetts | 1891–1893 |
| James L. Pugh | Democratic | Alabama | 1893–1895 |
| George Frisbie Hoar | Republican | Massachusetts | 1895–1904 |
| Orville H. Platt | Republican | Connecticut | 1904–1905 |
| Clarence D. Clark | Republican | Wyoming | 1905–1912 |
| Charles Allen Culberson | Democratic | Texas | 1912–1919 |
| Knute Nelson | Republican | Minnesota | 1919–1923 |
| Frank B. Brandegee | Republican | Connecticut | 1923–1924 |
| Albert B. Cummins | Republican | Iowa | 1924–1926 |
| George William Norris | Republican | Nebraska | 1926–1933 |
| Henry F. Ashurst | Democratic | Arizona | 1933–1941 |
| Frederick Van Nuys | Democratic | Indiana | 1941–1945 |
| Pat McCarran | Democratic | Nevada | 1945–1947 |
| Alexander Wiley | Republican | Wisconsin | 1947–1949 |
| Pat McCarran | Democratic | Nevada | 1949–1953 |
| William Langer | Republican | North Dakota | 1953–1955 |
| Harley M. Kilgore | Democratic | West Virginia | 1955–1956 |
| James Eastland | Democratic | Mississippi | 1956–1978 |
| Edward M. Kennedy | Democratic | Massachusetts | 1978–1981 |
| Strom Thurmond | Republican | South Carolina | 1981–1987 |
| Joe Biden | Democratic | Delaware | 1987–1995 |
| Orrin Hatch | Republican | Utah | 1995–2001 |
| Patrick Leahy | Democratic | Vermont | 2001 |
| Orrin Hatch | Republican | Utah | 2001 |
| Patrick Leahy | Democratic | Vermont | 2001–2003 |
| Orrin Hatch | Republican | Utah | 2003–2005 |
| Arlen Specter | Republican | Pennsylvania | 2005–2007 |
| Patrick Leahy | Democratic | Vermont | 2007–2015 |
| Chuck Grassley | Republican | Iowa | 2015–2019 |
| Lindsey Graham | Republican | South Carolina | 2019–2021 |
| Dick Durbin | Democratic | Illinois | 2021–2025 |
| Chuck Grassley | Republican | Iowa | 2025–present |

## Historical committee rosters
### 118th Congress
#### (January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025)

| Majority | Minority |
| Dick Durbin, Illinois, Chairman Dianne Feinstein, California (until September 29, 2023) Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Cory Booker, New Jersey Alex Padilla, California Jon Ossoff, Georgia Peter Welch, Vermont Laphonza Butler, California (from October 17, 2023) | Lindsey Graham, South Carolina, Ranking Member Chuck Grassley, Iowa John Cornyn, Texas Mike Lee, Utah Ted Cruz, Texas Josh Hawley, Missouri Tom Cotton, Arkansas John Kennedy, Louisiana Thom Tillis, North Carolina Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee |
Subcommittees
| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
| Competition Policy, Antitrust and Consumer Rights | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
| The Constitution | Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (until September 29, 2023) Laphonza Butler (D-CA) (from October 17, 2023) | Ted Cruz (R-TX) |
| Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism | Cory Booker (D-NJ) | Tom Cotton (R-AR) |
| Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | John Kennedy (R-LA) |
| Human Rights and the Law | Jon Ossoff (D-GA) | Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) |
| Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety | Alex Padilla (D-CA) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
| Intellectual Property | Chris Coons (D-DE) | Thom Tillis (R-NC) |
| Privacy, Technology and the Law | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) | Josh Hawley (R-MO) |

### 117th Congress
#### (January 3, 2021 – January 3, 2023)

| Majority | Minority |
| Dick Durbin, Illinois, Chairman Patrick Leahy, Vermont Dianne Feinstein, California Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Cory Booker, New Jersey Alex Padilla, California Jon Ossoff, Georgia | Chuck Grassley, Iowa, Ranking Member Lindsey Graham, South Carolina John Cornyn, Texas Mike Lee, Utah Ted Cruz, Texas Ben Sasse, Nebraska Josh Hawley, Missouri Tom Cotton, Arkansas John Kennedy, Louisiana Thom Tillis, North Carolina Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee |
Subcommittees
| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
| Competition Policy, Antitrust and Consumer Rights | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
| The Constitution | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) | Ted Cruz (R-TX) |
| Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism | Cory Booker (D-NJ) | Tom Cotton (R-AR) |
| Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | John Kennedy (R-LA) |
| Human Rights and the Law | Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) | Josh Hawley (R-MO) |
| Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety | Alex Padilla (D-CA) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
| Intellectual Property | Patrick Leahy (D-VT) | Thom Tillis (R-NC) |
| Privacy, Technology and the Law | Chris Coons (D-DE) | Ben Sasse (R-NE) |

### 116th Congress
#### (January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021)

| Majority | Minority |
| Lindsey Graham, South Carolina, Chair Chuck Grassley, Iowa John Cornyn, Texas Mike Lee, Utah Ted Cruz, Texas Ben Sasse, Nebraska Josh Hawley, Missouri Thom Tillis, North Carolina Joni Ernst, Iowa Mike Crapo, Idaho John Kennedy, Louisiana Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee | Dianne Feinstein, California, Ranking Member Patrick Leahy, Vermont Dick Durbin, Illinois Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Cory Booker, New Jersey Kamala Harris, California |

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking member |
| Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights | Mike Lee (R-UT) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
| Border Security and Immigration | John Cornyn (R-TX) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |
| The Constitution | Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Mazie Hirono (D-HI) |
| Crime and Terrorism | Josh Hawley (R-MO) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
| Intellectual Property | Thom Tillis (R-NC) | Chris Coons (D-DE) |
| Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts | Ben Sasse (R-NE) | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) |

### 115th Congress
#### (January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019)

| Majority | Minority |
| Chuck Grassley, Iowa, Chair Orrin Hatch, Utah Lindsey Graham, South Carolina John Cornyn, Texas Mike Lee, Utah Ted Cruz, Texas Ben Sasse, Nebraska Jeff Flake, Arizona Mike Crapo, Idaho Thom Tillis, North Carolina John Kennedy, Louisiana | Dianne Feinstein, California, Ranking Member Patrick Leahy, Vermont Dick Durbin, Illinois Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Cory Booker, New Jersey (from January 9, 2018) Kamala Harris, California (from January 9, 2018) Al Franken, Minnesota (until January 2, 2018) |
In January 2018, the Democratic minority had their number of seats increase from 9 to 10 upon the election of Doug Jones (D-AL), changing the 52–48 Republican majority to 51–49. On January 2, 2018, Al Franken, who had been a member of the committee, resigned from the Senate following accusations of sexual misconduct.

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking member |
| Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights | Mike Lee (R-UT) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
| Border Security and Immigration | John Cornyn (R-TX) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |
| Crime and Terrorism | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
| Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts | Ben Sasse (R-NE) | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) (from January 9, 2018) Chris Coons (D-DE) (until January 9, 2018) |
| Privacy, Technology and the Law | Jeff Flake (R-AZ) | Chris Coons (D-DE) (from January 9, 2018) Al Franken (D-MN) (until January 2, 2018) |
| The Constitution | Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Mazie Hirono (D-HI) (from January 9, 2018) Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) (until January 9, 2018) |

### 114th Congress
#### (January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017)

| Majority | Minority |
| Chuck Grassley, Iowa, Chairman Orrin Hatch, Utah Jeff Sessions, Alabama Lindsey Graham, South Carolina John Cornyn, Texas Mike Lee, Utah Ted Cruz, Texas Jeff Flake, Arizona David Vitter, Louisiana David Perdue, Georgia Thom Tillis, North Carolina | Patrick Leahy, Vermont, Ranking Member Dianne Feinstein, California Chuck Schumer, New York Dick Durbin, Illinois Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Al Franken, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut |

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chairman | Ranking member |
| Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights | Mike Lee (R-UT) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
| Crime and Terrorism | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
| Immigration and the National Interest | Jeff Sessions (R-AL) | Chuck Schumer (D-NY) |
| Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts | Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Chris Coons (D-DE) |
| Privacy, Technology and the Law | Jeff Flake (R-AZ) | Al Franken (D-MN) |
| The Constitution | John Cornyn (R-TX) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |

### 113th Congress
#### (January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015)

| Majority | Minority |
| Patrick Leahy, Vermont, Chairman Dianne Feinstein, California Chuck Schumer, New York Dick Durbin, Illinois Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Al Franken, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut Mazie Hirono, Hawaii | Chuck Grassley, Iowa, Ranking Member Orrin Hatch, Utah Jeff Sessions, Alabama Lindsey Graham, South Carolina John Cornyn, Texas Mike Lee, Utah Ted Cruz, Texas Jeff Flake, Arizona |

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chairman | Ranking member |
| Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
| Bankruptcy and the Courts | Chris Coons (D-DE) | Jeff Sessions (R-AL) |
| Crime and Terrorism | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) |
| Immigration, Refugees and Border Security | Chuck Schumer (D-NY) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
| Oversight, Federal Rights and Agency Action | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) | Orrin Hatch (R-UT) |
| Privacy, Technology and the Law | Al Franken (D-MN) | Jeff Flake (R-AZ) |
| The Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights | Dick Durbin (D-IL) | Ted Cruz (R-TX) |

### 112th Congress
#### (January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013)

| Majority | Minority |
| Patrick Leahy, Vermont, Chairman Herb Kohl, Wisconsin Dianne Feinstein, California Chuck Schumer, New York Dick Durbin, Illinois Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Al Franken, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut | Chuck Grassley, Iowa, Ranking Member Orrin Hatch, Utah Jon Kyl, Arizona Jeff Sessions, Alabama Lindsey Graham, South Carolina Mike Lee, Utah Tom Coburn, Oklahoma |

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chairman | Ranking member |
| Administrative Oversight and the Courts | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Jeff Sessions (R-AL) |
| United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights | Herb Kohl (D-WI) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
| Crime and Terrorism | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Jon Kyl (R-AZ) |
| Immigration, Refugees and Border Security | Chuck Schumer (D-NY) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
| Privacy, Technology and the Law | Al Franken (D-MN) | Tom Coburn (R-OK) |
| The Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights | Dick Durbin (D-IL) | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) |

### 111th Congress
#### (January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011)

| Majority | Minority |
| Patrick Leahy, Vermont, Chairman Herb Kohl, Wisconsin Dianne Feinstein, California Russ Feingold, Wisconsin Chuck Schumer, New York Dick Durbin, Illinois Ben Cardin, Maryland Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Ted Kaufman, Delaware (until November 15, 2010) Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania Al Franken, Minnesota Chris Coons, Delaware (from November 15, 2010) | Jeff Sessions, Alabama, Ranking Member Orrin Hatch, Utah Chuck Grassley, Iowa Jon Kyl, Arizona Lindsey Graham, South Carolina John Cornyn, Texas Tom Coburn, Oklahoma |

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chairman | Ranking member |
| Administrative Oversight and the Courts | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Jeff Sessions (R-AL) |
| Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights | Herb Kohl (D-WI) | Orrin Hatch (R-UT) |
| Crime and Drugs | Arlen Specter (D-PA) | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) |
| Human Rights and the Law | Dick Durbin (D-IL) | Tom Coburn (R-OK) |
| Immigration, Refugees and Border Security | Chuck Schumer (D-NY) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
| Terrorism and Homeland Security | Ben Cardin (D-MD) | Jon Kyl (R-AZ) |
| The Constitution | Russ Feingold (D-WI) | Tom Coburn (R-OK) |