OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Communion of Nordic Lutheran Dioceses

The Communion of Nordic Lutheran Dioceses are Lutheran dioceses that entered into schism with their nordic traditional national churches in 2003 due to what they perceived as "the secularization of the national/state churches in their respective countries involving matters of both Christian doctrine and ethics". These dioceses are members of the International Lutheran Council, a body of Confessional Lutherans, they are in full communion with one another and include the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland, Mission Province of the Church of Sweden, and the Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of Norway. These dioceses entered into schism with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, Church of Sweden, and Church of Norway, respectively, though the Mission Province considers itself to be a non-territorial diocese within the Church of Sweden. Their lines of apostolic succession derive from other traditional Lutheran Churches, such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya; Walter Obare Omwanza, presiding bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya, assisted by bishops Leonid Zviki from Belarus, David Tswaedi from South Africa, Børre Knudsen and Ulf Asp from Norway, consecrated Arne Olsson in apostolic succession as the Ordinary for the Mission Province. The first bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland, Risto Soramies, was then ordained by Matti Väisänen of the Mission Province of the Church of Sweden. These dioceses have an Evangelical Catholic churchmanship, reflective of the influence of High Church Lutheranism and Pietist Lutheranism in Scandinavia. As such, the Communion of Nordic Lutheran Dioceses affirms:
   We believe, teach and confess that biblical faith and doctrine which is founded on the prophetic and apostolic Scriptures of the New and the Old Testament and which has been expressed in the three main creeds of the Early Church, that is, the Apostolic, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan and the Athanasian Creed, and in the unaltered Augsburg Confession, and that is rightly and bindingly explained by all the books accepted into the Book of Concord of the Lutheran Church.
In the view of the Communion of Nordic Lutheran Dioceses, "it has retained the historic teachings and practice that the politically selected church structure has abandoned, it is a believing remnant of those churches."
# Battle of Vladilovci

The Battle of Vladilovci occurred between Serbian Chetniks, Bulgarian committees (IMRO) and Ottoman forces on 9 March 1907, as part of the Macedonian Struggle.

## Battle
### Fighting

On 9 March 1907, vojvodas Gligor Sokolović, Jovan Babunski, Cene Marković, Vasilije Trbić and Boško Virjanac were marching towards Vladilovci. Thinking that there were few Serbs, around 3 o'clock in the morning, the IMRO group of Andon Kjoseto attacked the chetniks. The Serbian dukes managed to slip through, unnoticed by the IMRO group and, from behind, they opened heavy fire. After 3–4 hours of fighting, the Ottoman military crew arrived from Gornje Vranovac, which immediately opened fire on Vladilovci. Both companies fired at the Turks, who, lay down and stopped firing. Meanwhile, the IMRO group was decimated, and the Ottoman army began to arrive from various directions for support. For this reason, a division was immediately sent to occupy the heights on Smilovački Vis and to secure a retreat for the Serbian groups by firing from there. After a short time, village companies from Pomenovo and Stepanac arrived to help the Chetniks. Because of this, the ottomans retreated due to heavy losses.

### The result of the battle

The battle lasted over 12 hours. According to Vasilije Trbić, Andon Kjoseto was captured together with 7 other committees, but later released. All that is known about the Turkish losses is that 10 litters were hired to transport the dead and, because of this, we can estimate their death count to be around 40. According to the data of Serbian national workers from these regions, 31 were the total IMRO casualties: 23 dead and 8 captured. Serbian losses, instead, were much lower. 1 chetnik was killed (Nikola from Poreč) and 1 was wounded (Ćira former Serbian gendarme).
# Paterson Inlet

Paterson Inlet (officially Paterson Inlet / Whaka a Te Wera) is a large natural harbour—specifically a ria—in the eastern coast of Stewart Island, New Zealand. Much of the land surrounding Paterson Inlet is unspoilt forest, and runoff into the harbour is especially clean.

## History

This region was first inhabited by the Māori, who settled at a locale known as The Neck, which is a long peninsula that extends across the mouth of the inlet from the southern coast. The only town on Stewart Island, Oban is located on the north coast of the inlet, close to its mouth. In earlier times, the inlet was used as a base for whaling. Southern right whales were the main target in this area and over exploited. However, their sightings around the island are increasing recently.

## Geography

Paterson Inlet has three main arms; North Arm and South West Arm lie at the upper reaches of the inlet, 15 kilometres from its mouth. Big Glory Bay, the third arm of the inlet, lies behind The Neck in the southeast of the inlet. The inlet drains the Rakeahua and Freshwater Rivers, the latter of which drains a large swampy valley that covers much of the northern part of the island.
Several islands lie in the inlet, notably Ulva Island and Native Island.

## Fishing

In 2004, the majority of Paterson Inlet was made a mātaitai reserve, a type of marine reserve which prohibits commercial fishing while allowing customary rights to fish, as well as recreational fishing. The reserve, designated Te Whaka a Te Wera Mātaitai Reserve, does not cover the Ulva Island–Te Wharawhara Marine Reserve which was also created in 2004, but was designated a marine reserve to prohibit all fishing.
# Science Fictions

Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence, and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth is a 2020 non-fiction book on issues undermining scientific research by Scottish psychologist Stuart J. Ritchie. It was published by Metropolitan Books on July 14, 2020 and is Ritchie's second book. Science Fictions was nominated for the £25,000 Royal Society Prize for Science Books but lost out to Merlin Sheldrake's Entangled Life.

## Summary

In Science Fictions, Ritchie argues that modern scientific research suffers from a number of issues – including outright fraud; publication bias and human bias; negligence and error; and sensationalism through media hype – that undermine its ability to be objective and accurate. He describes methodological issues involved in the replication crisis, such as p-hacking, as well as broader systemic issues, such as perverse incentives in the peer review process and the problem of null results being difficult or impossible to publish, leading to under-reporting of many important findings. He also details the ways in which technology such as Photoshop has made it easier for researchers to commit subtle but serious fraud.
Throughout the book, Ritchie offers examples of egregious fraud in scientific research, such as the misleading studies on trachea replacement published by Paolo Macchiarini that led to his patients dying and was covered up for years by the institutions supporting the research. But he also points out less obvious, pervasive fraud – for example, a survey that found evidence of manipulated images in 4% of the 20,000 scientific papers analyzed. He argues that even well-intentioned researchers can be tempted to over-hype their results or repeat experiments until they receive the result they wanted simply by the desire to gain fame or advance their career. In the final chapter, Ritchie offers possible solutions for improving the methodology, incentives, and outcomes of scientific research, such as encouraging researchers to pre-register their work to avoid the temptation to alter their conclusions to fit the outcome, and using technology to identify common errors that can creep into and distort statistical analysis.

## Reception

The book received largely positive reviews. Kirkus Reviews called it a "timely, hair-raising must-read." Christie Aschwanden of Wired praised the book for being "a highly readable and competent description of the problems facing researchers in the 21st century" and "an excellent primer for anyone who wants to understand why and how science is failing to live up to its ideals." In 2021, the book was short-listed for the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books.
Fiona Fidler, writing in Nature, praised the book's call to action to the scientific community to reckon with the issues Ritchie raises, but argued that the book "rests too heavily on the idea that there were once golden days when science was a pure truth-seeking enterprise."
# Kerri K. Greenidge

Kerri K. Greenidge is an American historian and academic. Her book Black Radical: The Life and Times of William Monroe Trotter, a biography of civil rights activist William Monroe Trotter, won the 2020 Mark Lynton History Prize. Her sisters are the playwright Kirsten Greenidge and the novelist Kaitlyn Greenidge.

## Biography

Greenidge is Mellon Assistant Professor in the Department of Studies in Race, Colonialism, and Diaspora at Tufts University, director of American Studies and co-director of the African American Trail Project at Tufts' Center for the Study of Race and Democracy.
Previously Greenidge worked as a historian for the Boston African American National Historic Site, under the auspices of which she wrote and published Boston Abolitionists, a short history of the role that Black leaders in Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood played in the Abolitionist Movement in the pre–Civil War era.
Greenidge's research focuses on the role that African-American literature has played in the Civil Rights Movement and particularly its more radical expressions in Boston during the Progressive Era, as well as its intersection with populism in the Democratic Party.
Greenidge signed 2020 A Letter on Justice and Open Debate, but asked later for her name to be removed from the letter, which was done.
Greenidge's 2022 book The Grimkes: The Legacy of Slavery in an American Family was a finalist for the 2023 National Book Critics Circle award in biography. In a glowing review, the New York Times notes that Greenidge establishes "the sisters’ contributions to abolition and women’s rights were undergirded by the privileges they reaped from slavery." Smithsonian (magazine) named the book one of the ten best history books of 2022, and it was shortlisted for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for History in the same year.

## Publications

* Greenidge, Kerri (2006). Boston's Abolitionists. Commonwealth Editions. ISBN 978-1-93321-219-7.
* Greenidge, Kerri (2019). Black Radical: The Life and Times of William Monroe Trotter. Liveright. ISBN 978-1-63149-875-6.
* Greenidge, Kerri (2022). The Grimkes: The Legacy of Slavery in an American Family. National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-1-32409-084-7.
# Sébastien Marsset

Sébastien Marsset born 15 December 1984 is a French professional offshore sailor. He was a shore crew member and reserve sailor for Frank Cammas 2011-2012 Volvo Ocean Race with Groupama, before competing in the next addition. He started of shorthanded offshore sailing in the Mini Class progressed the class 40 to achieve the following.

## Results

| Pos | Year | Race | Class | Boat Name | Time | Notes |
| Round the World Races ||||||||
| TBC / 40 | 2024/25 | 2024-2025 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | Foussier - Mon courtier énergie | | |
| Failed | 2016 | Jules Verne Attempt | Maxi Tri | Spindrift 2 | 47d 10h | Crew of 12 did it 2 days outside the record |
| 5 / 7 | 2014/15 | 2014–2015 Volvo Ocean Race | Volvo Ocean 60 | Team Alvimedica | | Skipper by Charlie Enright |
| Transatlantic Races ||||||||
| 24 / 32 | 2024 | The Transat CIC | IMOCA 60 | Foussier-Mon Courtier Energie, FRA 83 | | |
| 35 / DNF | 2024 | Return a la base | IMOCA 60 | Foussier-Mon Courtier Energie, FRA 83 | | |
| 27 / 40 | 2023 | Transat Jacques Vabre | IMOCA 60 | Foussier-Mon Courtier Energie, FRA 83 | 16d 13h 43m 30s | with Sophie Faguet (FRA) |
| 11 / 38 | 2022 | 2022 Route du Rhum | IMOCA 60 | Mon Courtier Energie - Cap Agir Ensemble, FRA 83 | | 13d 08h 36m 55s |
| Other Races ||||||||
# G. T. Karber

Greg T. Karber is an American writer, best known as author of the Murdle series of murder mystery puzzle books and its accompanying website.

## Early life and education

Karber was raised in Arkansas, the son of a judge and a civil rights attorney. His maternal grandfather worked as an FBI agent in San Francisco in the 1960s.
He earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics and English literature from the University of Arkansas, and an MFA from the USC School of Cinematic Arts.

## Career

After graduating with his MFA, Karber remained in Los Angeles and worked adapting novels into screenplays. (As of 2013, he had written five unpublished novels.) He also began making comedic YouTube videos.
In 2013, he came across some 2006 comments by Abercrombie & Fitch CEO Mike Jeffries: "In every school there are the cool and popular kids, and then there are the not-so-cool kids. Candidly, we go after the cool kids...A lot of people don’t belong [in our clothes], and they can’t belong. Are we exclusionary? Absolutely." Karber made a video excoriating Jeffries' comments titled "Fitch the Homeless," in which he handed out Abercrombie & Fitch clothing to homeless people on Los Angeles' Skid Row. The video became a viral hit, earning national media coverage. While many initially applauded the video, others saw it as "backwards-ass activism" and "as insensitive as the A&F chief he’s targeting."
Karber is a computer programmer. A mystery enthusiast, in 2022 he created Murdle, a web-based daily murder mystery game modeled on logic grid puzzles. The first two paperback volumes of Murdle were published in 2023, with the third volume published in March 2024.
In December 2023, Karber undertook a U.K. bookshop tour, and appeared on BBC Radio 4's Start the Week. For Christmas 2023, Murdle was the bestselling book in the U.K., making Karber only the third non-British person to achieve that distinction, following Dan Brown and Michelle Obama. In May of 2024, Murdle received the British Book Award for overall book of the year.
In January 2025, Karber announced his next family of puzzles, Bordergrams, a "spy connection puzzle" set to debut in September 2025.

## Personal life

Karber lives in Los Angeles.
# Bądzów

Bądzów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jerzmanowa, within Głogów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Jerzmanowa, 11 km (7 mi) south of Głogów, and 85 km (53 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Willey Glover Denis

Willey Glover Denis (February 26, 1879 – January 9, 1929) was an American biochemist and physiologist. She was noted particularly for her collaborations with Otto Folin, including studies of protein metabolism. She was a pioneer in the field of clinical chemistry and the measurement of protein in biological fluids (blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. She also developed the first reliable method of assaying lead in body tissue and waste.

## Biography

Denis earned her A.B. in 1899, majoring in modern languages at Tulane's H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College. She was a member of the local organization which became the Rho chapter of Chi Omega and she became an initiate of the chapter. She attended Bryn Mawr College for two years, then returned to Tulane, where she was awarded an MA degree. In 1905 she moved to the University of Chicago, pursuing a doctorate in organic chemistry. Her dissertation involved studies of the oxidation of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols.
Dennis then taught at Grinnell College for a year, moving to the U.S. Department of Agriculture where she worked until 1909. After attempts to attend medical school that ended due to harassment, she moved to Harvard Medical School to become a research assistant for Otto Folin; she worked part-time with Folin for about a decade.
In 1920, Denis was appointed to the faculty of Tulane Medical School, the first appointment of a woman to a major U.S. medical school. She eventually headed the newly developed department of biological chemistry there. She was also the first woman to be elected a member of the Massachusetts General Hospital staff.
Denis died on January 9, 1929, aged 49, from complications from metastatic breast cancer.
# Parrot tulip

Parrot tulips are a tulip cultivar group known for their bright colors and petals. The petals have a "serrated" or "fringed" look. The flowers bloom in late spring and reach a size of almost 5 inches (13 cm) in length. Although they are perennials by nature٫ they are often grown as annuals. Parrot tulips come in a wide variety of colors, usually being brightly colored, but can come in darker colors. The flowers originated in France and were brought to the Netherlands in the 18th century.
The flower buds are green in color, but as the flowers mature, their bright colors start to appear. Parrot tulips not a species but are a group of cultivars with the name Tulipa Parrot Group. Parrot tulips are the result of natural mutations to single late tulips and triumph tulips. During the 17th and 18th century the most notable mutations were to color patterns with growers attempting to influence the color of the tulips using pigeon droppings, old plaster and even dirty waste water from the kitchen. It wasn't until the late 19th century that the source of these mutations was isolated as the tulip breaking virus. Later in the 20th century, radiation was used to cause mutations in these tulips to search for new colors and patterns.

## Description

The parrot tulip is characterized by ruffled petals and bright colors. The flowers are somewhat curled, especially at the edge of their petals and are some of the showiest tulips in competition. The plant itself can grow to 22 inches (56 cm) tall with the flower being on average around 5 inches (13 cm) across. The parrot tulip is more puffy and expanded than some other tulips, with other tulips being more inward and curled up. They get their name from their exotic colors and shape, as the petals resemble the feathers on a parrot and parrots tend to have bright colors. Parrot tulips, just like other tulips, grow two or three bluish green leaves that are clustered together at the base of the plant. There are many varieties of parrot tulip. A few include the 'Rainbow' cultivar that, hence its name, has rainbow-colored flowers. The 'White Lizard' cultivar has a pure white color, with light purple near the bottom of the flower and a petal shape different from other parrot tulips. The 'Estella Rijnveld' cultivar can either be white with red streaks or red with white streaks. The 'Negrita Parrot' cultivar comes in several different shades of purple; such as indigo, violet, and magenta.
# Espinasse's Reports

Espinasse's Reports, formally titled Reports of Cases argued and ruled at Nisi Prius, in the Courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas, from E. T., 33 Geo. III, to T. T. 47 Geo. III, is a collection of nominate reports by Isaac Espinasse, of nisi prius cases decided between 1793 and 1807. They are in six volumes. They may be cited as "Esp.".

## Reprints

These reports are reprinted in volume 170 of the English Reports.

## Accuracy

Glanville Williams said that this set of nominate reports has received more criticism related to their accuracy than any of the others. When a case from these reports was cited before Denman C.J., he said:
   I am tempted to remark for the benefit of the profession, that Espinasse's Reports, in days nearer their own time, when their want of accuracy is better known than it is now, were never quoted without doubt and hesitation; and a special reason was often given as an apology for citing that particular case. Now they are often cited as if counsel thought them of equal authority with Lord Coke's Reports.
Pollock C.B. said that Espinasse only heard half of what went on in court and reported the other half. When a case from these reports was cited before Maule J. he said that he did not care for Espinasse "or any other ass".
Ashton said that:
   More decorous, though not more learned judges than Maule always insisted that the fifth Espinasse must not be cited and would hardly admit even the earlier volumes.
and that Espinasse went downhill as he got older.
# Ayush

Ayush may refer to:
* Ministry of Ayush, a department of state in India
* Ayush Badoni (born 1999), Indian cricketer
* Ayush Tandon (born 1998), Indian actor
# China Railway Wuhan Group

China Railway Wuhan Group, officially abbreviated as CR Wuhan or CR-Wuhan, formerly, Wuhan Railway Administration is a subsidiary company operating under the umbrella of the China Railway Group (formerly the Ministry of Railway). The railway administration was reorganized as a company in November 2017.
As of 2007, the group is responsible for a total length of 6390.7 kilometers, and commercial length of 2709.2 kilometers of railways. It oversees 265 stations and manages the railways in Hubei and southern Henan provinces.
It also manages the Wuhan Railway Hub, one of the eight biggest railway hubs, and one of the six biggest passenger hubs in China.

## Hub stations

* Wuhan
** Hankou, Wuchang, Wuhan, Wuhan East
* Xiangyang
** Xiangyang

## Regional services
### C-train services

* Wuxiao
* Wuxian
* Wuhuang
# Ali Shah Miri

Ali Shah Miri (Kashmiri and Persian: علی شاہ میری) also known as Ali Shah (Persian: علی شاہ) was eighth Sultan of Kashmir from 1413 to 1418 and then again from 1419 to 1420. Ali Shah belonged to the Shah Mir dynasty and was succeeded by his younger brother Zain-ul-Abidin.

## Reign

After Sikandar's death, his eldest son Mir succeeded him as the Sultan, having adopted the title of Ali Shah.
Ali Shah became the seventh sultan of the Shah Mir dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. His reign was peaceful. Under Ali Shah's regime, Suhabhatta became the Prime Minister.
Ali Shah was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, the Ruler of Punjab. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Jasrat.

## Dethronement

Shahi Khan, a son of Sultan Sikander the ruler of Kashmir, was charged with the rule of the kingdom of Kashmir when his elder brother, Ali Shah, left the kingdom on a pilgrimage to Mecca. It was at this time that Ali Shah gave Shahi Khan the title of Zain-ul-Abidin. Although a religious man, Ali Shah was weak-willed and his desire to attain Mecca buckled under descriptions of the arduous journey ahead. He abandoned his pilgrimage when he arrived at the court of his father-in-law, the king of Jammu, and raised an army consisting of soldiers from Jammu and Rajauri in order to regain his throne. The ancient texts vary regarding why it was that Zain-ul-Abidin relinquished his recently acquired status without a fight but there is no disagreement that this is in fact what happened.

## Struggle for throne and death

Retiring to Sialkot, Zain-ul-Abidin sought the support of its chief, Jasrat Khokhar. Ali Shah became angered when this support was forthcoming and he rashly set out with his army to challenge Khokhar. The forces met at Thanna and Khokhar defeated the challenger, who had ignored the advice of his father-in-law to hold back until the Jammu army could join him. Zain-ul-Abidin was then able to return to the capital city of Srinagar, where he was welcomed by his subjects. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.