# Hamilton Quarry

Hamilton Quarry is a Late Carboniferous lagerstätte near Hamilton, Kansas, United States. It has a diverse assemblage of unusually well-preserved marine, euryhaline, freshwater, flying, and terrestrial fossils (invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants). This extraordinary mix of fossils suggests it was once an estuary. This type of Lagerstätte is considered a Konservat-Lagerstätte (or conservation lagerstätte), due to the quality the preservation of soft tissue (skin preservation).
The lagerstätte occurs within a paleovalley that was incised into the surrounding Carboniferous cyclothemic sequence during a time of low sea level and was then filled in during a subsequent transgression. The channel has a capping series of interbedded laminated limestones and mudstones for which are designated the Lagerstätte beds or ‘vertebrate horizon’. This facies contains a well-preserved mixed assemblage of terrestrial (conifers, insects, myriapods, reptiles), freshwater (ostracods), aquatic (amphibians, reptile), brackish or euryhaline (ostracods, eurypterids, microconchids, fish), and marine (brachiopods, echinoderms) fossils.

## Paleobiota

According to thesis
| Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon | Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |

### Vertebrates

Vertebrates :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Orthacanthus | O. platypternus | Elasmobranch in order Xenacanthida. |
| Expleuracanthus | E. cf. E. parallelus | Elasmobranch in order Xenacanthida. |
| Xenacanthus | Indeterminate | Elasmobranch in order Xenacanthida. |
| Hamiltonichthys | H. mapesi | A Hybodont elasmobranch. |
| Petalodus | Indeterminate | A petalodont holocephalian. |
| Acanthodes | A. bridgei | An acanthodiform acanthodian. |
| Elonichthys | Indeterminate | A palaeonisciform actinopterygian. |
| "Feroniscus" | "F. hamiltoni"/"F. hamiltonensis" | A palaeonisciform actinopterygian, nomen nudum (Only described in thesis). |
| Gnathorhiza | Indeterminate | A lungfish. |
| Sagenodus | S. cf. copeanus | A lungfish. |
| Eoscopus | E. lockardi | An amphibamiform temnospondyl. |
| Euconcordia | E. cunninghami | A captorhinid. |
| Spinoaequalis | S. schultzei | An early semi-aquatic diapsid. |
| Archaeovenator | A. hamiltonensis | A varanopid. |
| Eocasea | E. martini | A caseid synapsid. |
| Ianthasaurus | I. cf. I. hardestii/hardestiorum | An edaphosaurid synapsid. |
| ?Lupeosaurus | Indeterminate | An edaphosaurid synapsid. |

### Arthropods

Arthropods :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Prothelyphonus | Indeterminate | A whip scorpion. |
| Archaeoctonus | A. cf. A. glaber | A scorpion. Multiple papers misspelled as Archaeoctonous. |
| Adelophthalmus | A. cf. A. mazonensis | An adelophthalmid eurypterid. |
| Amphissites | Indeterminate | Ostracod. |
| Geisina | Indeterminate | Ostracod. |
| Gutschickia | Indeterminate | Ostracod. |
| Bairdia | Indeterminate | Ostracod. |
| Pseudobythocypris | Indeterminate | Ostracod. |
| Carbonita | Indeterminate | Ostracod. |
| Darwinula | Indeterminate | Ostracod. |
| Paromylacris | | A roachoid. |
| Oedischia | | An orthopteran. |
| Meganeura | | Meganisopteran. |
| Titanophasma | | Meganisopteran. |
| Carrizopteryx | | A palaeodictyopteran. |

### Mollusks

Mollusks :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Anthraconaia | Indeterminate | Myalinid bivalve. |
| Myalinella | M. meeki | Myalinid bivalve. |
| Permophorus | Indeterminate | A cardiid bivalve. |
| Phestia | Indeterminate | A nuculanid bivalve. |
| Schizodus | Indeterminate | A trigoniid bivalve. |
| Bellerophon | Indeterminate | Bellerophontid gastropod. |
| Euphemites | Indeterminate | Bellerophontid gastropod. |

### Other animals

Other animals :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Streptognathodus | Indeterminate | An ozarkodinid conodont. |
| Apographiocrinus | A. cf. calycinus | Dendrocrinid crinoid. |
| Delocrinus | D. cf. vulatus | Dendrocrinid crinoid. |
| Plaxocrinus | P. cf. crassidiscus | Dendrocrinid crinoid. |
| Serpula | Indeterminate | Annelid in order Canalipalpata. |
| Spirorbis | Indeterminate | Annelid in order Canalipalpata. |
| Punctospirifer | Indeterminate | Spiriferid brachiopod. |
| Neospirifer | Indeterminate | Spiriferid brachiopod. |
| Juresania | Indeterminate | Productid brachiopod. |
| Antiquatonia | Indeterminate | Productid brachiopod. |
| Kozlowskia | Indeterminate | Productid brachiopod. |
| Neochonetes | Indeterminate | Productid brachiopod. |

### Lycophytes and ferns

Lycophytes and ferns :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Sigillaria | S. brardii | A tree-like lycophyte. |
| Asterophyllites | A. equisetiformis, A. longiformis | Equisetid fern. |
| Annularia | A. mucronata | Equisetid fern. |
| Paleostachya | P. sp. | Equisetid fern. |

### Seed ferns

Seed ferns :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Sphenopteris | S. cf. S. germanica | A seed fern. |
| "Callipteris" | C. conferta, C. flabellifora, C. scheibei | A seed fern in order Peltaspermales. |
| Cyclopteris | Indeterminate | Seed plant in order Medullosales. |
| Neuropteris | N. sp. (two species) | Seed plant in order Medullosales. |
| Odontopteris | Indeterminate | Seed plant in order Medullosales. |
| Trigonocarpus | Indeterminate | A seed fern seed. |

### Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Cordaites | C. principalis | Gymnosperm in order Cordaitales. |
| Cordaianthus | C. cf. pitcairniae | Gymnosperm in order Cordaitales. |
| Samaropsis | S. fluitans | Gymnosperm in order Cordaitales. |
| Emporia | E. cryptica, E. lockardii, E. royalii | Conifer in order Voltziales. |
| Hanskerpia | H. hamiltonensis | Conifer in order Voltziales. |
| Barthelia | B. furcata | Conifer in order Voltziales. |
| Gomphostrobus | Indeterminate | Conifer in order Voltziales, stem and leaf. |
| Walchia | W. hypnoides, W. piniformis, W. schneideri | Conifer in order Voltziales, leaves. |
| Walchianathus | Indeterminate | Conifer in order Voltziales, male cone. |
| Walchiastrobus | Indeterminate | Conifer in order Voltziales, female cone. |

### Spores and Pollen

Gymnosperms :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Leiotriletes | L. sp. | Spore microfossils. |
| Calamospora | C. sp. | Spore microfossils. |
| Triletes | T. sp. | Spore microfossils. |
| Acanthoriletes | A. teretriangulatus | Spore microfossils. |
| Nuskoisporites | N. trianguloris | Pollen microfossils. |
| Potoniesporites | P. gtranulatus, P. neglectus | Pollen microfossils. |
| Sulcatisporites | S. splendens, S. sp. | Pollen microfossils. |
| Protohaploxypinus | P. samoilocichii | Pollen microfossils. |
| Striatopodocarpites | S. sp (Two species) | Pollen microfossils. |
| Hamiapollenites | H. perisporites, H. succatus | Pollen microfossils. |
| Striatoabitites | S. multistriatus, S. sp. | Pollen microfossils. |
| Alisporites | A. indarraensis, A. gracilis, A. nuthalensis | Pollen microfossils. |
| Falcisporites | F. zapfei | Pollen microfossils. |
| Limitisporites | L. sp. | Pollen microfossils. |
| Lueckisporites | L. vickkiae | Pollen microfossils. |
| Striatites | S. splendens | Pollen microfossils. |
| Vittatina | V. cf. V. subsuccata, V. cf. V. verrucosa | Pollen microfossils. |

### Fuslinids

Fuslinids :
| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Globivalvulina | Indeterminate | Fusulinid in family Biseriamminidae. |
| Dunbarinella | D. ervinensis | Fusulinid in family Schwagerinidae. |
| Triticites | T. cullomensis, T. plummeri, T. ventricosus | Fusulinid in family Schwagerinidae. |