OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Golubev

Golubev (Russian: Голубев; masculine) or Golubeva (Го́лубева; feminine) is a Russian last name, derived from the Russian word голубь (golub, "pigeon"). It may refer to:
* Aleksandr Titovich Golubev (1936–2020), Soviet and Russian intelligence officer
* Aleksandr Golubev (footballer) (b. 1986), Russian association football player
* Aleksandr Golubev (speed skater) (b. 1972), Russian speed skater
* Andrey Golubev (b. 1987), Kazakh tennis player
* Dmitry Golubev (disambiguation), several people
* Evgeny Golubev (1910–1988), Russian composer
* Georgy Golubev [ru] (1919–2005), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Ivan Golubev (1841–1918), Russian politician
* Ivan Andreevich Golubev, Russian name of Wang Ming, an early Chinese Communist Party leader and 28 Bolsheviks member
* Kirill Golubev (b. 1974), Soviet and Russian ice hockey player
* Konstantin Golubev (1896 – 1956), Soviet general and army commander during World War II
* Sergey Golubev (officer) (1923–?), Soviet army officer, Hero of the Soviet Union and consultant on the assassination of Georgy Markov
* Sergey Golubev (b. 1978), Russian bobsledder
* Valery Golubev (b. 1952), Russian politician and businessman
* Vasily Golubev (painter) (1925–1985), Soviet, Russian painter
* Vasily Golubev (politician) (born 1957), governor of Rostov Oblast, Russia
* Viktor Golubev (1916–1945), Soviet aircraft pilot and twice Hero of the Soviet Union
* Vladimir Golubev (mathematician) [de] (1884–1954), Soviet mathematician and mechanic
* Vladimir Golubev (footballer) (1950–2022), Soviet association football player and coach
# Klek, Istočno Novo Sarajevo

Klek (Serbian Cyrillic: Клек) is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, it had a population of 145 inhabitants. The village is located in the municipality of Istočno Novo Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Schwarzgold-Rennen

The Schwarzgold-Rennen is a Group 3 flat horse race in Germany open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile) at Cologne in May.

## History

The event is named after Schwarzgold, a filly whose victories included the Preis der Diana and Deutsches Derby in 1940. "Schwarzgold-Rennen" is a previous title of several other races, including the German 1,000 Guineas (1941–88), the Hamburger Stutenmeile (1995–98) and the Diana-Trial (2004–07).
The present Schwarzgold-Rennen, a trial for the German 1,000 Guineas, was introduced in 2008. It replaced the Kölner Herbst-Stuten-Meile, an autumn race for fillies and mares aged three or older.
Since 2010, the race is run in memory of Baroness Karin von Ullmann, a former owner of Gestüt Schlenderhan, who died in 2009.

## Records

Leading jockey (2 wins):
* Andreas Suborics – Peace Royale (2008), Addicted (2009)
Leading trainer (2 wins):
* Andreas Wohler - Peace Royale (2008), Meerjungfrau (2014), Axana (2019)
# China's Economy

China's Economy: What Everyone Needs To Know is a 2016 book by American author Arthur R. Kroeber, and part of the Oxford University Press series 'What Everyone Needs To Know'. The book provides a broad overview of the rise of China's economy.

## About

   Economic reform must come first, and political reform–if ever–a distance second [...] "Development is the only Iron Law".
The book starts with the initiation of modern economic reforms in China starting with the Deng Xiaoping in 1979 and his prioritization of development over politics, conveyed as "Development is the only Iron Law". The chapters of the book go on to cover - agriculture and the rural economy, industry, urbanization, infrastructure, state-owned and private enterprises, the financial system, demographics, the labor market, inequality and corruption. The personalities and institutions in China that have led to its economic growth are discussed as well as the reforms that have worked, such as the 'de-collectivization of agriculture' into family farming, what would eventually become the single most important cause in the decrease in China's poverty levels from 84% in 1981 to 6% in 2011. The book provides an overview of the structure of the country as a decentralized bureaucratic-authoritarianism.
The book also compares China to China's neighbourhood, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, which have also deeply influenced China's growth, with some major differences such as the level of influence of the United States on policy. Many of the fears related to China's economic growth, such as a prospective property crash, are overstated. The book also analyzes what the future holds for China, how Xi Jinping seems to be reinforcing his political strength, which may cause troubles to China's economy in the future. The Sinica Podcast says that the book is a "refreshing antidote to much of the commentary in the media", the "conventional wisdom" related to China.
# George P. Miller

George Paul Miller (January 15, 1891 – December 29, 1982) was an American veteran of World War I who served 14 terms as a U.S. Representative from California from 1945 to 1973.

## Early life

George Paul Miller was born in San Francisco, on January 15, 1891. His father was a dredger captain on the Sacramento River. Miller attended public and private schools. He graduated from Saint Mary's College of California in 1912 with a degree in civil engineering.

## Career
### Early career

Miller worked as a civil engineer from 1912 to 1917. During the First World War, he served as a lieutenant in the 36th Infantry Division and 346th Field Artillery from 1917 to 1919. After serving as member of the United States Veterans' Bureau from 1921 to 1925, Miller resumed activities as a civil engineer. He was also co-owner of a travel agency in San Francisco, but it failed during the Great Depression. He was a street sweeper in Alameda during the depression.

### Political career

He volunteered in the drive to repeal Prohibition and was elected president of the Alameda County Non-partisan League, a group advocating for the consolidation of Oakland County and Alameda County after the formation of San Francisco's government. He then served as member of the California State Assembly from 1937 to 1941. Miller then ran for a seat on the Alameda County Board of Supervisors, but was unsuccessful. He was executive secretary to the California Division of Fish and Game from 1942 to 1944.
Miller was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1973). He served as chairman of the Oceanography Committee, a subcommittee of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee. He later served as chairman of the Committee on Science and Astronautics (Eighty-seventh through Ninety-second Congresses), after the death of Overton Brooks in 1961. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress, defeated in the Democratic primary by Pete Stark.
He was an early supporter for the development of solar power systems.

## Personal life

Miller married Esther M. Perkins of Overton, Nebraska, in 1927. They had one daughter: Ann.

## Death

Miller was a resident of Alameda, California, until his death there on December 29, 1982. He was interred in San Francisco National Cemetery in the Presidio of San Francisco, California.

## Legacy

The George Miller Memorial Scholarship at Saint Mary's College and the George P. Miller Fund for Special Education at the Alameda Unified School District were established in his honor.
# Cambre House and Farm

Cambre House and Farm is a historic farmstead located southwest of Niota, Hancock County, Illinois, United States. The farmhouse was built in 1867 by Adolphe Cambre, a French immigrant and member of Nauvoo's short-lived Icarian community. A carpenter by trade, Cambre designed several of the community's buildings while the Icarians occupied Nauvoo in the 1850s. While many of the Icarians resettled in Corning, Iowa after their Nauvoo colony failed, Cambre remained in Hancock County, eventually building the Creole-inspired house for his family. The house is similar in design to the Icarians' other buildings and is the only surviving Icarian-designed building in Hancock County.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1984.
# Nikola Šimić

Nikola Šimić also spelled Nikola Shimich (Serbian: Никола Шимић; 1766 in Sombor, Habsburg monarchy – 5 January 1848 in Sombor, Austrian Empire) is credited for being the author of the first modern book on logic in the Serbian language, published in Budapest in two volumes, Volume I in 1808 and Volume II in 1809. His second work, Nacin pristojno salitisja (Die Art ariig zu scherzen) (The Art of Decent Joking), was published in 1814, also in Budapest.
Nikola Šimić was a polyglot who studied the works of Christian Wolff and Friedrich Christian Baumeister.
Avram Mrazović, a friend of Nikola Šimić, wrote the second book on logic in Serbian in a similar manner, entitled "Logic, or Reasoning," completed in 1826, the year Mrazović died. The book was not published.
# Camden County Jail

Camden County Jail is a historic county jail located at Camden, Camden County, North Carolina. It was built in 1910, and is a two-story, nearly square brick building with a high hipped roof in the Colonial Revival style. On the second floor is the iron cellblock or "bullpen," likened to that of a large metal box.
The historic jail is now home to the Camden County Board of Elections and Camden County's Museum. It is open to the public during regular office hours.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Fiebre

Fiebre may refer to:

## Music

* La Fiebre, an American band
* "Fiebre" (song), by Ricky Martin, 2018
* "Fiebre", a song by Yolandita Monge from Fiebre de Luna, 1994
* "Fiebre", a song by Bad Gyal from Slow Wine Mixtape, 2016
* "Fiebre", by David Bisbal, 2016

## Cinema

* Fever (1943 film), a 1943 Italian-Spanish drama film by Primo Zeglio, titled Fiebre in Spanish
* Fiebre (film), a 1971 Argentine sexploitation film by Armando Bó
# Caritas Italy

Caritas Italy (Italian: Caritas Italiana) is an Italian charitable organisation.
It was established by the Italian Bishops' Conference to promote overall human development, social justice, and peace, especially focusing on helping the poorest members of society. Caritas Italy is a member of both Caritas Internationalis and of Caritas Europa.

## History

In 1970 Pope Paul VI dissolved the Italian Pontificia Opera Missionaria (POA, Pontifical Missionary Work), a charity that had been supported by American Roman Catholics and which reported directly to the Apostolic See. It had managed charity work in Italy during the two World Wars and in the early postwar period.
On 14 November 1970, at the seventh General Assembly of the Episcopal Conference of Italy (C.E.I.) the papal recommendations were approved. With decree number 1727/71 of 2 July 1971, the C.E.I. approved the first statute of the diocesan Caritas of Italy, in charge of the Church's charitable and relief activities.
On 28 September 1972, the first national meeting of the diocesan Caritas was held. Three years later, Naples hosted the first national meeting between Church and lay people whose title was "Volunteering and human promotion", dedicated to the arising questions of the socalled Third Sector.
On 10 June 1977, Caritas Italiana and the Italian Ministry of Defence signed an agreement which added the former Pontificia Opera Missionaria to the list of entities where conscientious objectors could perform their civil service. The list was public and available at military districts.
In 2021, almost 1.5 million interventions were provided, and the organisation's listening centers gave support to 227,566 people (7.7% more than the previous year).
# Caritas Spain

Caritas Spain (Spanish: Cáritas Española) is the Catholic Church's official organization in Spain for charity and social relief, instituted by the Spanish Episcopal Conference.
On 9 March 1981 it was registered as a religious entity with Spain's Ministry of Justice.

## Organization

Caritas Spain is a Spanish confederation of Catholic relief, development, and social service organizations operating in Spain. It consists of 68 regional member organizations known as dioceses.
Its national headquarters is in Madrid; from there it provides general assistance to its dioceses.
# Hypna

Hypna is a butterfly genus of the family Nymphalidae. It is monotypic, containing only Hypna clytemnestra, the jazzy leafwing, marbled leafwing or silver-studded leafwing.

## Description

Hypna clytemnestra is the largest member of the tribe Anaeini. This "leafwing butterfly" is quite uncommon. The uppersides of the forewings are black, with a few white spots on the margins and two large white transverse bands. The uppersides of the hindwings are mainly brown. The undersides mimic dead leaves, ranging from dark brown to whitish. Larvae feed on Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae), while adults feed on rotting fruits.

## Distribution

Hypna clytemnestra can be found from Mexico to the Amazon basin.

## Habitat

This butterfly can be found in the lowlands or the foothills, at an elevation of about 100–1,200 metres (330–3,940 ft) above sea level.

## Philately

This butterfly is on a Cuban stamp with a face value of ¢13.

## Subspecies

* H. c. clytemnestra (Nicaragua - Brazil, Suriname)
* H. c. negra C. & R. Felder, 1862 (Peru, Bolivia, Panama)
* H. c. forbesi Godman & Salvin, 1884 (Brazil: Pernambuco)
* H. c. huebneri Butler, 1866 (Brazil)
* H. c. rufescens Butler, 1866 (Venezuela, Colombia)
* H. c. mexicana Hall, 1917 (Mexico: Oaxaca)
* H. c. corymbaensis Talbot, 1928 (Brazil: Mato Grosso)
* H. c. iphigenia Herrich-Schäffer, 1862 (Cuba)

## Gallery

* Specimen on display at the Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste
* Subspecies and forms from Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (vol. 1866, plate XXIII)
* Feeding at a butterfly house
# The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and Al-Qaeda

The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict Between America and Al Qaeda is a book written by CNN's Peter Bergen. It was published in 2011 and became a New York Times bestseller.

## General Overview

Bergen’s book covers the events which led up to the September 11 attacks and continues on, concluding with an account of the raid which killed Osama bin Laden. While Bergen’s past works focused more on bin Laden and the rise of Al-Qaeda, The Longest War sheds new light on American actions in the War on Terror.
From the outset, Bergen builds a strong case against the incompetence of the George W. Bush administration during the early years of the war, from the failure to capture or kill bin Laden at Tora Bora, to the bungled early days of the Iraq War and the CIA's controversial use of enhanced interrogation techniques that often yielded little beyond what had been gathered using standard approaches. However, Bergen notes that by the end of President Bush’s second term in office, Al-Qaeda’s own strategic failings were causing it to lose Muslim hearts and minds in the Middle East. Indeed, as Bergen puts it, Al-Qaeda’s continued destruction of Muslim lives in the name of jihad, coupled with its inability to morph into a broader movement with any real vision of governance, is its own undoing.

## Reception

The BookScore assessed critical response as an aggregated score of 8.7 out of 10.
Michiko Kakutani of The New York Times writes that The Longest War is an "essential book" which provides a "succinct and compelling overview" of the War on Terror.
Thomas E. Ricks, also writing for The New York Times, declares that Bergen "covers it all," from Al-Qaeda’s lethal aspirations and the Bush administration’s ineptitude, to the "continued unhelpful role of Pakistan" in the fight against jihadist terrorism. Ricks notes that Bergen deftly explores the "miscalculations and misunderstandings of both sides in 2001," from bin Laden’s underestimation of the United States’ strength and resolve, to President Bush’s misguided attempt to characterize bin Laden’s motivation as a war "on our freedoms." Ricks adds, "For years, I tried to read every new novel about how 9/11 affected our lives. None of the novels were as effective or moving as The Longest War, which is a history of our time."
Jason Burke writes in The Guardian that "few rival Bergen’s . . . ability to explain, patiently and intelligibly, the complicated concepts" relating to Al-Qaeda, and Islamic militancy in general. Burke calls The Longest War’s discussion of the inner workings of al-Qaeda "revelatory," noting that some members of al-Qaeda actually opposed carrying out the 9/11 attacks because they had the sense that the U.S.’s likely response would shut down their safe haven in Afghanistan.
# Gary Thurman

Gary Montez Thurman (born November 12, 1964) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played for nine seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Detroit Tigers, Seattle Mariners, and New York Mets. He was drafted by the Royals in the first round (21st pick) of the 1983 amateur draft. Thurman played his first professional season with their rookie-league Gulf Coast Royals in 1983, and his last with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim's Triple-A affiliate, the Vancouver Canadians, in 1998.
After his playing career, Thurman held various coaching and instructional roles. In 2007, he served as first base coach for the Mariners for the second-half of the season. He was the coordinator of baserunning for the Cleveland Indians during 2008–2011. He was the first base coach for the Miami Marlins for the 2012 season. He was the outfield and baserunning coordinator for the Washington Nationals for the 2017 season.
# Zha cai

Zha cai (; 榨菜), also romanized as Cha tsai, is a type of pickled mustard plant stem originating from Chongqing, China. The name may also be written in English as cha tsai, tsa tsai, jar choy, jar choi, ja choi, ja choy, or cha tsoi. In English, it is commonly known as Sichuan vegetable, Szechwan vegetable, or Chinese pickled vegetable, although all of these terms may also refer to any of a number of other Chinese pickles, including the several other types in the Sichuan province itself.

## Production

The pickle is made from the knobbly, fist-sized, swollen green stem of Brassica juncea, subspecies tsatsai. The stem is first salted and pressed, and dried before being rubbed with hot red chili paste and allowed to ferment in an earthenware jar.

## Flavour

The taste is a combination of spicy, sour, and salty. Its unique texture—crunchy, yet tender—can only be vaguely compared to Western pickled cucumbers. Excess salt in the preserved vegetable is leached out by soaking in fresh water. Considered to be rich in umami, zha cai varies in spiciness depending on the amount of chili paste used in preparation.

## Uses

Originating in Sichuan and believed to be one of the world's oldest types of pickles, zha cai is used in many of the various cuisines of China such as in Sichuan dan dan noodles, in soups with ground pork and mifen, and as a condiment for rice congee. It is generally sliced into thin strips and used in small amounts due to its extreme saltiness, although this saltiness can be tempered somewhat by soaking the strips in water prior to use.
A popular Chinese dish featuring zha cai is "noodles with Zha Cai and shredded pork" (榨菜肉絲麵; zhà cài ròusī miàn). Zha cai is also an ingredient of ci fan tuan, a popular dish in Shanghai cuisine.
In Japan, the pickle is common in Chinese restaurants (though it is usually less spicy, to suit Japanese tastes), and it is transliterated into Japanese as zāsai (katakana: ザーサイ; kanji: 搾菜).
Like other vegetable stems in Chinese cuisines, particularly celtuce, zha cai can also be sliced and sautéed.

## Manufacturers

Fuling, a district in Chongqing, is closely associated with zha cai. The largest manufacturer, Fuling Zhacai, manufacturers of the Wujiang (乌江, Wu River) brand, is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and in 2021 celebrated selling 15 billion packets.
# Danny Arnold (rugby league)

Danny Arnold (born 15 April 1977) is a former Scotland international rugby league footballer who played as a fullback, wing or centre in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for St Helens, Huddersfield Giants, Castleford Tigers, Salford City Reds and Halifax. He also participated in the Triple Fitness 8 week shred recently, being partnered up with other local celebrity Angie Pangie.

## Background

Arnold was born in Warrington, Cheshire, England.

## Playing career

Arnold was signed by St. Helens from amateur club Wigan St Judes on 15 April 1994 and made his début on 10 September 1995 against Workington Town.
One of the most memorable moments of Arnold's career was the hat-trick he scored against Wigan Warriors at Knowsley Road in 1996 where St Helens ran out 42–26 winners. Arnold also played for St Helens on the wing in the 1996 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London, scoring a try in each half of the match, helping his team to a 40–32 victory against Bradford Bulls.
During his time at St Helens, Arnold won two Challenge Cup final winners' medals (1996 and 1997), both finals against Bradford Bulls. He was also part of Saints' Championship winning side of 1996.
Arnold was a Scotland international and played at the 2000 Rugby League World Cup. He made nine appearances for the team between 1998 and 2003, scoring eight tries.
He later played Rugby Union for Aspull RUFC and was set to gain another international cap for the Aspull club in Warsaw, Poland. He took part in a 10s rugby tournament on 4 June for 'A Soldiers Journey'. He masterminded a team of young emus to the final as they won all their matches and went on to win the final in tough conditions.
# Growing Up Straight (Wyden and Wyden book)

Growing Up Straight: What Every Thoughtful Parent Should Know About Homosexuality is a 1968 guide for parents, by Peter and Barbara Wyden, which he claims can prevent their children from becoming homosexual. Stanley Yolles, head of the National Institute of Mental Health, wrote an introduction.

## Reception

Growing Up Straight received a negative review from James Colton in Tangents. Colton ridiculed the Wydens' advice on how to prevent homosexuality, and accused them of making contradictory and inconsistent claims and of citing experts such as Evelyn Hooker and Judd Marmor only when it served their purposes to do so.
The gay rights activist Dennis Altman compared Growing Up Straight to the journalist and social critic Vance Packard's The Sexual Wilderness, Patricia Sexton's The Feminized Male, and Hendrik Ruitenbeek's The Male Myth. He described them as part of a trend to attack the collapse of American masculinity and femininity and connect it to "an alleged growth in homosexuality." He wrote that the book, "makes very explicit the connection between the fear of a declining sex role dichotomy and increased homosexuality; mothers and fathers are counseled to act out all those she-woman and he-man stereotypes as a model for their growing children."
The neuroscientist Simon LeVay described Growing Up Straight as an example of psychoanalytic ideas influencing general attitudes toward homosexuality. The reparative therapist Joseph Nicolosi and Linda Ames Nicolosi stated that Growing Up Straight has been seen as a classic.