OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yusuf Dey

Yusuf Dey (c.1560 in Tripoli – 1637 at Tunis) was Dey of Tunis from 1610 until his death.

## Biography

Son of Mustapha El Turki, an Ottoman Turkish soldier stationed at Tripoli, he took up a post in the militia of Tunis. He was recognised by Uthman Dey, who appointed him to several posts and even favoured him over his own sons. Before his death, Uthman managed to convince the divan of Tunis to name Yusuf as his successor. He also married him to his daughter.
At the death of Ramadhan Bey, who had been appointed by Uthman Dey to direct the armed force which controlled the hinterland, Yusuf selected the lieutenant and mameluke of Ramadhan Bey, an Islamic convert and corsair named Murad who became the founder of the Muradid dynasty of Beys of Tunis. In addition, Yusuf Dey often conferred with his friend and principal lieutenant, Ali Thabet.
A keen builder, Yusuf Dey had the first Ottoman style mosque built, in 1616. He also had a network of Turkish souqs built around it, including the Souq Et Trouk, which was reserved for the sale of goods deriving from the activities of the corsairs and which later became the Souq of Turkish-style tailors, the Souq El-Birka, where slaves acquired from the activities of the corsairs in the Mediterranean Sea and people were bought and sold, and the Souq El-Bchamkiya, where cobblers made Turkish-style shoes called bachmaq
During his tenure, he gave much attention to the question of the exact borders with the neighbouring Algeria, which was ruled by the Turkish militia of Algiers and its Dey. An initial treaty fixed the border at the Oued Serrat. Following hostilities, a more northern frontier was fixed on the Mellègue River. According to contemporary chronicles, the Turkish militia of Tunis was the strongest army in the region; it contained 9,000 elite troops (the janissaries), further regiments of irregular cavalry raised from the tribes of the hinterland, and more than 200 galleys commanded by marines and formidable corsairs.
However, as Yusuf Dey grew old, he was eclipsed little by little by the powerful personality of Hammuda Pasha Bey, son and successor of Murad I Bey, who gradually took control of the divan and the militia.
In spite of this, the elderly Yusuf Dey managed to secure the assignment of the island of Djerba to the regency of Tunis, through diplomatic efforts. To commemorate this achievement, he had a whole souq built in Tunis for merchants from Djerba.
There was also a war between the pirates of Tunisia and the Maltese after the Tunisians captured the husband of Agrabah Maltese and ended with the victory of the pirates of Tunisia.
At his death in 1637, he was interred in the Tourba which he had had built near the mosque of Yusuf Dey. The divan elected as his successor, a famous Italian renegade, who became the most famous corsair of the regency, Usta Murad.
# Austin Beck

Austin Steven Beck (born November 21, 1998) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. Despite being drafted with the sixth overall selection in the 2017 MLB Draft by the Oakland Athletics, he never played in Major League Baseball (MLB).

## Amateur career

Beck attended North Davidson High School in Welcome, North Carolina. As a junior he hit .465 with five home runs and 30 runs batted in (RBIs). In pre-game warm-ups prior to his team's first playoff game that year, he tore his ACL causing him to miss the remainder of the playoffs. Beck returned from the injury to start his senior year. Beck committed to the University of North Carolina to play college baseball.

## Professional career
### Oakland Athletics

Beck was considered one of the top prospects for the 2017 Major League Baseball draft. The Oakland Athletics selected him with the sixth overall selection of the draft. The club signed him to a franchise-record $5.303 million contract. After signing, Beck was assigned to the rookie–level Arizona League Athletics, where he spent the whole season, posting a .211 batting average with two home runs and 28 RBI in 41 games.
Beck spent the 2018 season with the Beloit Snappers of the Single–A Midwest League, slashing .296/.335/.383 with two home runs and 60 RBI in 123 games and earning All-Star honors. He spent 2019 with the Stockton Ports of the Class A-Advanced California League. Over 85 games, he batted .251/.302/.411 with eight home runs and 49 RBI. Beck did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Beck returned to action in 2021, splitting the year between the High–A Lansing Lugnuts and Triple–A Las Vegas Aviators. In 77 combined games, he slashed .198/.251/.369 with 10 home runs and 39 RBI. In 2022, Beck spent time with the rookie–level Arizona Complex League Athletics, Lansing, and the Double–A Midland RockHounds. In 68 games between the three affiliates, he accumulated a .250/.304/.388 with 9 home runs and 30 RBI.
In 2023, Beck suffered a torn ACL in spring training and was ruled out for the entirety of the season. He elected free agency following the season on November 6, 2023.

### Los Angeles Dodgers

On December 16, 2023, Beck signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. He played in 65 games for the Double–A Tulsa Drillers, batting .214 with 13 home runs and 45 RBI. Beck announced his retirement from professional baseball on August 6, 2024.
# Holub

Holub (feminine Holubová) is a Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Belarusian surname. It means pigeon or dove. It is a cognate of Gołąb and Golub. Notable people with the surname include:
* Beata Holub, Polish high jumper
* Emil Holub, Czech doctor, explorer, cartographer, and ethnographer in Africa
* E. J. Holub, American football player
* Eva Holubová, Czech actress
* Jan Holub (disambiguation), multiple people
* Josef Ludwig Holub, botanist
* Małgorzata Hołub-Kowalik (born 1992), Polish sprinter
* Miloslava Holubová, Czech tennis player
* Miroslav Holub, Czech poet and immunologist
* Petra Holubová, Czech tennis player
* Radim Holub, Czech football player
* Renate Holub, political philosopher and social theorist
* Robert C. Holub, chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Amherst
* Vicki Hollub, American businesswoman, CEO of Occidental Petroleum
# Malvin Ruderman

Malvin Avram Ruderman (March 25, 1927 – July 20, 2024) was an American physicist and astrophysicist.

## Education

Mal Ruderman received his A.B. degree from Columbia University in 1945. His MS degree (1947) and PhD (1951) are from the California Institute of Technology under the supervision of Robert Jay Finkelstein.

## Career

In 1951–53, Ruderman worked at Berkeley's Radiation Laboratory. He became an assistant professor at UC Berkeley in 1953, rising by 1964 to the rank of full professor. He moved to New York University in 1964, and to Columbia University in 1969, becoming Centennial Professor in 1980. Ruderman served as chair of the Department of Physics at Columbia in 1973–75.
With Charles Kittel in 1954, Ruderman discovered the RKKY interaction for nuclear magnetic moments in certain metals (independently developed by Kasuya and Yosida, hence its name). His later research interests in astrophysics include collapsed objects in astrophysics, neutron stars, and gamma ray emission.
In the early 1960s, Ruderman was a member of the committee that conceived the Berkeley Physics Course. He developed the first draft of the first volume, Mechanics, for use at Berkeley in 1963. With Charles Kittel and Walter D. Knight, he was co-author of the final published volume.
In 1969, Ruderman and (independently) Gordon Baym, Christopher Pethick, and David Pines, were the first to propose that discontinuous slowings observed in neutron stars, so called starquakes, were due to the cracking of the star's solid crust, under increasing stress due to the gradual slowdown of the pulsar. Ruderman died on July 20, 2024, at the age of 97.

## Honors

Ruderman was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1956. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1972, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974, and the American Philosophical Society in 1996. He is a recipient of the Pregel Medal of the New York Academy of Sciences.
# Rick Terry

Richard Ross Terry Jr. (born April 5, 1974) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played from 1997 to 1999 for the New York Jets and the Carolina Panthers. He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels and was selected by the Jets in the second round of the 1997 NFL draft.
# Sulu Sou

Sulu Sou Ka Hou is a Macau resident who served as a member of the Macau Legislative Assembly. In 2018 he was the youngest person in that position.
He was elected in 2017, and at that time he became the youngest member of the assembly. 9,212 people voted for him. He is a part of the New Macau Association. He stated that his goal was to have direct elections for all seats of the assembly.
On May 15, 2016 he held a protest near Macau Chief Executive Fernando Chui's house against the Macao Foundation's "black box" donation to Jinan University (Chief Executive Chui was also the chairman of the foundation's trust committee and the vice chairman of the university). This protest was later deemed illegal by the government. On 4 December, 2017, his fellow legislators passed (28 vs 4 votes) a motion to suspend Sou from the assembly so he could be prosecuted under Macau law. In May 2018 he was declared guilty and ordered to pay a fine of 40,800 patacas (US$5,000). As the conviction did not involve any jail time, he was then reinstated as a member of the Legislative Assembly on July 3, 2018. He expressed his intention to run for office again after the fine.
In 2021 he filed a request for the Macau government to provide information in English.
The Macau Daily Times ranked Sou as "Person of the Year" in 2017.
By September 2021 the courts ruled he was not sufficiently loyal to the government and so was unable to keep his seat in the assembly. Sources suggested that it was due to his research thesis about politics in Macau and the background of his supervisor as an intellegence expert on Cross-strait issues.
# Ciuciulea (whale)

Ciuciulea is a genus of cetotheriid mysticete found in middle Miocene marine deposits in Moldova.

## Description

Ciuciulea is a dwarf cetotheriid 3–4 meters in length. It comes from the Badenian deposits (13.8-12.7 Ma) of the Central Paratethys, and this is the earliest world record of the family Cetotheriidae. It differs from the other Cetotheriidae in the presence of a narrow occipital shield, which is as long as wide, and a pars cochlearis of the periotic bone bulging out ventral to fenestra rotunda. Primitive characters include the premaxillae forming a transverse line with the posterior ends of nasals and maxillae rather than constricted or overridden by ascending processes of maxillae.

## Biology

Ciuciulea lived in shallow marine waters in present-day Moldova, earlier than true seals Pontophoca, Sarmatonectes, Histriophoca, Monachopsis, Cryptophoca, and Praepusa, the putative kentriodontid Sarmatodelphis, and the problematic odontocetes Pachypleurus, Phocaena euxinica, and Delphinus bessarabicus.
# The Percy Group, Queensland

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The Percy Group is an offshore locality consisting of a number of islands (including the Percy Isles) in the Coral Sea within the Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. The islands are mostly uninhabitated as they are within national parks and conservation parks. In the 2021 census, The Percy Group had a population of 4 people.

## Geography

The locality is offshore east of Carmila and extends approx 325 kilometres (202 mi) into the Coral Sea. There are many small islands in the locality, most of which are in protected areas, including the following larger islands:
* Percy Isles National Park:
** Pine Peak Island, 1.5 km$^2$ (0.58 sq mi) (21°31′09″S 150°15′44″E﻿ / ﻿21.5191°S 150.2621°E﻿ / -21.5191; 150.2621﻿ (Pine Peak Island)).
** Middle Island, 19.5 km$^2$ (7.5 sq mi) ( 21°39′24″S 150°16′04″E﻿ / ﻿21.6567°S 150.2677°E﻿ / -21.6567; 150.2677﻿ (Middle Island))
** North East Island, 2.5 km$^2$ (0.97 sq mi) (21°39′51″S 150°20′18″E﻿ / ﻿21.6642°S 150.3382°E﻿ / -21.6642; 150.3382﻿ (North East Island))
** South Island, 12.7 km$^2$ (4.9 sq mi) (21°45′04″S 150°19′56″E﻿ / ﻿21.7511°S 150.3323°E﻿ / -21.7511; 150.3323﻿ (South Island))
* Northumberland Islands National Park:
** Curlew Island, 5.1 km$^2$ (2.0 sq mi) (21°36′10″S 149°48′01″E﻿ / ﻿21.6028°S 149.8004°E﻿ / -21.6028; 149.8004﻿ (Curlew Island)
** Tinonee Peak Island, 1.1 km$^2$ (0.42 sq mi) (21°39′19″S 149°50′11″E﻿ / ﻿21.6553°S 149.8365°E﻿ / -21.6553; 149.8365﻿ (Tinonee Peak Island))
* West Hill National Park:
** West Hill Island, 4.0 km$^2$ (1.5 sq mi) (21°49′43″S 149°29′10″E﻿ / ﻿21.8287°S 149.4862°E﻿ / -21.8287; 149.4862﻿ (West Hill Island))
* Broad Sound Islands National Park:
** Poynter Island, 1.0 km$^2$ (0.39 sq mi) (21°50′00″S 149°47′55″E﻿ / ﻿21.8334°S 149.7986°E﻿ / -21.8334; 149.7986﻿ (Poynter Island))
** Aquila Island, 1.3 km$^2$ (0.50 sq mi) (21°58′54″S 149°34′15″E﻿ / ﻿21.9818°S 149.5708°E﻿ / -21.9818; 149.5708﻿ (Aquila Island))
* Swain Reefs National Park (21°58′53″S 152°28′23″E﻿ / ﻿21.98139°S 152.47306°E﻿ / -21.98139; 152.47306﻿ (Swain Reefs National Park))
* Not in a national park:
** Rosewood Island, 40.7 km$^2$ (15.7 sq mi) (22°23′56″S 149°43′40″E﻿ / ﻿22.3990°S 149.7279°E﻿ / -22.3990; 149.7279﻿ (Rosewood Island))

## History

The locality takes its name from the Percy Isles within the Northumberland Islands, which in turn was named in September 1802 by Matthew Flinders, commander of the sloop HMS Investigator, after the family name of the Dukes of Northumberland.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, The Percy Group had "no people or a very low population".
In the 2021 census, The Percy Group had a population of 4 people.
# Pelobacter venetianus

Pelobacter venetianus is a species of bacteria that degrade polyethylene glycol. It is strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, and nonspore-forming.
# Jacob Wilson (soccer)

Jacob Christopher Wilson (born 22 January 1986) is an American former soccer player who played as a forward.

## Career

In 2004, Wilson joined American side California Golden Bears. In 2011, he signed for German fifth tier side Germania Schöneiche. In 2012, Wilson signed for Feirense in the Portuguese second tier, where he made 4 league appearances and scored 0 goals. On 2 September 2012, he debuted for Feirense during a 1–2 loss to Portimonense. Before the second half of 2012–13, Wilson signed for Hungarian second-tier club Vasas, where he suffered an injury. Before the second half of 2013–14, he signed for SpVgg Bayern Hof in the German fourth tier.
# Phrynosomatidae

The Phrynosomatidae are a diverse family of lizards, sometimes classified as a subfamily (Phrynosomatinae), found from Panama to the extreme south of Canada. Many members of the group are adapted to life in hot, sandy deserts, although the spiny lizards prefer rocky deserts or even relatively moist forest edges, and the short-horned lizard lives in prairie or sagebrush environments. The group includes both egg-laying and viviparous species, with the latter being more common in species living at high elevations.
The earliest fossil remains of this group are known from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia and belong to the genus Desertiguana. As phrynosomatids are only known from North America, these remains indicate that phrynosomatids likely had a wider distribution in prehistoric times.

## Genera

The Phrynosomatidae are organised into nine genera.
The earless taxa (Cophosaurus and Holbrookia) are sister genera.
Family Phrynosomatidae
* Callisaurus Blainville, 1835 – zebra-tailed lizards
* Cophosaurus Troschel, 1852 – greater earless lizards
* Holbrookia Girard, 1851 – earless lizards
* Petrosaurus Boulenger, 1885 – California rock lizards
* Phrynosoma Wiegmann, 1828 – horned lizards
* Sceloporus Wiegmann, 1828 – spiny lizards (or sator)
* Uma Baird, 1859 – fringe-toed lizards
* Urosaurus Hallowell, 1854 – tree and brush lizards
* Uta Baird & Girard, 1852 – side-blotched lizards
# God's Country Radio Network

God's Country Radio Network was a Religious broadcasting radio network in the United States which launched in 2008. The majority of stations that the network aired on were owned by the non-profit organization Educational Media Foundation, though it also aired on some independent stations. God's Country Radio Network played a blend of Southern Gospel and Positive Country music.
In November 2010, God's Country Radio Network left the air because it "didn't connect with enough listeners to sustain the expenses of the broadcast". It relaunched in January 2011 as a web-based only broadcaster, which has since shut down also.
There is an unrelated "God's Country" network of stations in Maine, WMDR-FM and WWLN, owned by Light of Light Ministries.

## Affiliates at Time of Closure

* KGCD: Lincoln, North Dakota
* KGCE: Post, Texas
* KGCL: Jordan Valley, Oregon
* KGCM: Belgrade, Montana
* KGCN: Roswell, New Mexico
* KGCO: Fort Collins, Colorado
* KQGC: Belen, New Mexico
* WGCN: Nashville, Georgia
* WGCQ: Hayti, Missouri
* WNBV: Grundy, Virginia
* WOKR: Remsen, New York
* WPRN-FM: Lisman, Alabama
# Capt. William Sims House

The Capt. William Sims House is a historic mansion in Greenfield, Tennessee, United States.

## History

The two-story mansion was completed in 1861. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style. An additional ell was completed in 1880. It was built for William Sims, who served as a captain in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. In the 1980s, the house still belonged to his descendants.

## Architectural significance

It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 25, 1982.
# Artem Sheikin

Artem Gennadyevich Sheikin (Russian: Артём Геннадьевич Шейкин; born 25 March 1980) is a Russian politician serving as a senator from Amur Oblast since 28 September 2021.

## Biography

Artem Sheikin was born on 25 March 1980 in Belogorsk, Amur Oblast. In 2001, he graduated from the Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University. From 2001 to 2003 he was engaged in business activities. Later he worked as a docent at the Saint Petersburg State University of Economics. In February 2020, he was appointed advisor to the Governor of Amur Oblast. In September 2021, Sheikin became the senator from the Legislative Assembly of Amur Oblast.
Sheikin is under personal sanctions introduced by the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Switzerland, Australia, Ukraine, and New Zealand for ratifying the decisions of the treaty between Russia and the Donetsk and Luhansk republics and providing political and economic support for Russia's annexation of Ukrainian territories.
# Manganese(II) sulfide

Manganese(II) sulfide is a chemical compound of manganese and sulfur. It occurs in nature as the mineral alabandite (isometric), rambergite (hexagonal), and recently found browneite (isometric, with sphalerite-type structure, extremely rare, known only from a meteorite).

## Synthesis

Manganese(II) sulfide can be prepared by reacting a manganese(II) salt (such as manganese(II) chloride) with ammonium sulfide:
    (NH $_4$) $_2$S + MnCl $_2$ → 2 NH $_4$Cl + MnS

## Properties

The crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide is similar to that of sodium chloride.
The pink color of MnS likely results from poor coupling between the lowest energy unoccupied Mn orbitals, resulting in discrete states rather than a delocalized band. Thus the lowest energy band-to-band electronic transition requires very high energy (ultraviolet) photons.
# Des Dichters Abendgang

"Des Dichters Abendgang" ("The Poets Evening Stroll") is an art song composed by Richard Strauss using the text of a poem with the same name by Ludwig Uhland (1787–1862), the second in his Opus 47 collection, (TrV 200) which was published in 1900. Originally written for piano and voice, Strauss wrote an orchestral version in 1918.

## Composition history

Strauss wrote the song at his home in Charlottenburg near Berlin, completing it on May 8, 1900. Strauss set five of Uhlands's poems in his Opus 47 songs. He had only recently set another Uhland poem Die Ulme zu Hirsau (opus 43/3, 1899). The poet had also been a childhood favourite of Strauss: two of his earliest Jugendlieder (childhood songs) written in 1871 were Uhland settings. Strauss' tempo marking is "Sehr ruhig and feierlich" (very quiet and solemn) and his setting "is a full scale heroic song, originally composed in Strauss' heroic key of E flat". The song was published in a bilingual edition with English lyrics the same year. In 1918, he wrote an orchestral version of the song, this time in the key of D flat, which was premiered on April 20, 1919, in Berlin sung by tenor Ernst Kraus with Stauss conducting the Berlin Philharmonic.

## Orchestral arrangement

The 1918 orchestral arrangement calls for the following instruments:
* Three flutes, two oboes, English horn, two clarinets, Bass clarinet, two bassoons.
* Four french horns, three trumpets, three trombones, one tuba
* Timpani
* Two harps (playing in unison).
* Strings

## Lyrics

The poem captures the enlightenment and transcendence felt by the poet as he takes his evening stroll. The inner light guides him even when times become dark.
| Des Dichters Abendgang | The Poet's Evening Stroll |
| Ergehst du dich im Abendlicht, – Das ist die Zeit der Dichterwonne – So wende stets dein Angesicht Zum Glanze der gesunknen Sonne! In hoher Feier schwebt dein Geist, Du schauest in des Tempels Hallen, Wo alles Heil’ge sich erschleußt Und himmlische Gebilde wallen. Wann aber um das Heiligthum Die dunkeln Wolken niederrollen: Dann ist’s vollbracht, du kehrest um, Beseligt von dem Wundervollen. In stiller Rührung wirst du gehn, Du trägst in dir des Liedes Segen; Das Lichte, das du dort gesehn, Umglänzt dich mild auf finstern Wegen | If you go for a stroll in evening's light— That's the time of a poet's bliss— Then turn your face always Towards the shine of the receding sun! Your spirit soars in royal celebration, You peer into the halls of the temple, Where all of salvation unlocks itself And heavenly forms float in the air. When, however, around the sanctuary The dark clouds roll down, Then it is accomplished, you turn around Blessed by all the wonders. In silent emotion you will go, You carry within yourself the blessing of song, The light, that you saw there, Gently shines upon you on the dark paths. |