OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hathaway Cottage

Hathaway Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake, Franklin County, New York. Built in 1900, it is a two-story, three bay wood frame residence with a jerkin-head roof and a prominent jerkin-head dormer and cure porch on the second floor over the first floor verandah.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
# Hattie M. Strong Residence Hall

Hattie M. Strong Residence Hall is a women's dormitory on the campus of George Washington University in Washington, D.C. It was listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 1987 and on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## History

The building was designed by A.B. Trowbridge and Waldron Faulkner in the Colonial Revival style and completed in 1934. The Charles H. Tompkins Company built the structure, which was dedicated on May 7, 1937. The building is named for Hattie Maria Corrin Strong, the second wife of Henry A. Strong who was a co-founder and the first president of the Eastman Kodak Company. She served as a University Trustee and donated $200,000 for a women's dormitory in 1934. An inscription on the north wall of the building reads: "Erected by a woman's altruism and understanding. Dedicated to the growth of the human spirit that God and the State may be served by noble women."

## Architecture

Strong Hall is a seven-story building and measures 128 feet (39 m) wide and 38 feet (12 m) deep. The exterior is faced with red brick and is massed into three vertical sections. The middle section is one-story taller than the two side sections. Stylized pergola composed of brick sits on top of the side sections. Between the first and second floors and the fifth and sixth floors is a belt course of concrete.
# Haw Creek Leather Company

Haw Creek Leather Company is a historic factory building located at Columbus, Indiana. It was built between 1914 and 1916, and is a two-story, brick industrial building. It sits on a raised basement and has a flat roof. It features arched window openings. The Haw Creek Leather Company operated a tannery at this location until 1955.$^{:5,7}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# List of European number-one hits of 1963

This is a list of the Hitkrant Europarade number-one singles of 1963.
| Date | Song | Artist |
| January 5 | "Return To Sender" | Elvis Presley |
| January 12 | "Return To Sender" | Elvis Presley |
| January 19 | "Return To Sender" | Elvis Presley |
| January 26 | "Return To Sender" | Elvis Presley |
| February 2 | "The Next Time / Bachelor Boy" | Cliff Richard |
| February 9 | "The Next Time / Bachelor Boy" | Cliff Richard |
| February 16 | "The Next Time / Bachelor Boy" | Cliff Richard |
| February 23 | "The Next Time / Bachelor Boy" | Cliff Richard |
| March 2 | "Junge Komm Bald Wieder" | Freddy Quinn |
| March 9 | "Summer Holiday" | Cliff Richard |
| March 16 | "Summer Holiday" | Cliff Richard |
| March 23 | "Summer Holiday" | Cliff Richard |
| March 30 | "Summer Holiday" | Cliff Richard |
| April 6 | "Summer Holiday" | Cliff Richard |
| April 13 | "Summer Holiday" | Cliff Richard |
| April 20 | "From A Jack To A King" | Ned Miller |
| April 27 | "From A Jack To A King" | Ned Miller |
| May 4 | "From A Jack To A King" | Ned Miller |
| May 11 | "From A Jack To A King" | Ned Miller |
| May 18 | "From A Jack To A King" | Ned Miller |
| May 25 | "From A Jack To A King" | Ned Miller |
| June 1 | "Lucky Lips" | Cliff Richard |
| June 8 | "Kiss Me Quick" | Elvis Presley |
| June 15 | "Kiss Me Quick" | Elvis Presley |
| June 22 | "Kiss Me Quick" | Elvis Presley |
| June 29 | "Kiss Me Quick" | Elvis Presley |
| July 6 | "Kiss Me Quick" | Elvis Presley |
| July 13 | "Kiss Me Quick" | Elvis Presley |
| July 20 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| July 27 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| August 3 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| August 10 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| August 17 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| August 24 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| August 31 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| September 7 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| September 14 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| September 21 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| September 28 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| October 5 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| October 12 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| October 19 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| October 26 | "(You're The) Devil In Disguise" | Elvis Presley |
| November 2 | "If I Had a Hammer" | Trini Lopez |
| November 9 | "If I Had a Hammer" | Trini Lopez |
| November 16 | "If I Had a Hammer" | Trini Lopez |
| November 23 | "If I Had a Hammer" | Trini Lopez |
| November 30 | "If I Had a Hammer" | Trini Lopez |
| December 7 | "If I Had a Hammer" | Trini Lopez |
| December 14 | "If I Had a Hammer" | Trini Lopez |
| December 22 | "She Loves You" | The Beatles |
| December 28 | "She Loves You" | The Beatles |
# List of European number-one hits of 1977

This is a list of the Europarade number-one singles of 1977.
| Date | Song | Artist |
| 1 January | "If You Leave Me Now" | Chicago |
| 8 January | "Money, Money, Money" | ABBA |
| 15 January | "If You Leave Me Now" | Chicago |
| 22 January | "If You Leave Me Now" | Chicago |
| 29 January | "Under the Moon of Love" | Showaddywaddy |
| 5 February | "Under the Moon of Love" | Showaddywaddy |
| 12 February | "Living Next Door to Alice" | Smokie |
| 19 February | "Living Next Door to Alice" | Smokie |
| 26 February | "Living Next Door to Alice" | Smokie |
| 5 March | "Living Next Door to Alice" | Smokie |
| 12 March | "When I Need You" | Leo Sayer |
| 19 March | "Knowing Me, Knowing You" | ABBA |
| 26 March | "Knowing Me, Knowing You" | ABBA |
| 2 April | "Knowing Me, Knowing You" | ABBA |
| 9 April | "Knowing Me, Knowing You" | ABBA |
| 15 April | "Lay Back in the Arms of Someone" | Smokie |
| 22 April | "Lay Back in the Arms of Someone" | Smokie |
| 29 April | "Lay Back in the Arms of Someone" | Smokie |
| 6 May | "Lay Back in the Arms of Someone" | Smokie |
| 13 May | "Lay Back in the Arms of Someone" | Smokie |
| 20 May | "Lay Back in the Arms of Someone" | Smokie |
| 26 May | "Whodunnit" | Tavares |
| 2 June | "Beautiful Rose" | George Baker Selection |
| 9 June | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 16 June | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 23 June | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 30 June | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 7 July | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 14 July | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 21 July | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 28 July | "Ma Baker" | Boney M. |
| 4 August | "Yes Sir, I Can Boogie" | Baccara |
| 11 August | "Yes Sir, I Can Boogie" | Baccara |
| 18 August | "Yes Sir, I Can Boogie" | Baccara |
| 25 August | "I Feel Love" | Donna Summer |
| 1 September | "I Feel Love" | Donna Summer |
| 8 September | "I Feel Love" | Donna Summer |
| 15 September | "I Feel Love" | Donna Summer |
| 22 September | "I Feel Love" | Donna Summer |
| 29 September | "I Feel Love" | Donna Summer |
| 6 October | "Sorry, I'm a Lady" | Baccara |
| 13 October | "Way Down" | Elvis Presley |
| 20 October | "Way Down" | Elvis Presley |
| 27 October | "I Remember Elvis Presley (The King Is Dead)" | Danny Mirror |
| 3 November | "Way Down" | Elvis Presley |
| 10 November | "The Name Of The Game" | ABBA |
| 17 November | "The Name Of The Game" | ABBA |
| 24 November | "The Name Of The Game" | ABBA |
| 1 December | "The Name Of The Game" | ABBA |
| 8 December | "The Name Of The Game" | ABBA |
| 15 December | "The Name Of The Game" | ABBA |
| 22 December | "The Name Of The Game" | ABBA |
| 29 December | "Mull of Kintyre"/"Girls' School" | Paul McCartney & Wings |
# Ugrós

The Ugrós is an athletic Hungarian couples' jumping dance in $^2$ $_4$ meter with an off-beat accent similar to polkas or hasaposerviko. Its origins lay in weapon dances from the Middle Ages.

## Dunántúli Ugros

Dunántúli Ugros is a couples' folk dance from Transdanubia (Dunántúl in Hungarian), the western part of Hungary.
# Claudia Arce

Claudia Arce Lemaitre (born April 4, 1991 in Sucre, Bolivia) is a Bolivian actress, singer, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Bolivia 2009, representing the Department of Chuquisaca. In the development of the contest she won titles as Yanbal Face Best Smile and Best National Costume. Claudia stood for Bolivia in the Queen of the World 2009 contest held at Berlin, Germany, and also in Miss Universe 2010, without success. She was the first woman born in Bolivia's Department of Chuquisaca who participated in Miss Universe.

## Early life

Claudia Arce was born on April 4, 1991, in the city of Sucre, Bolivia. She is the daughter of Marcelo Arce Scott and Denisse Lourdes Lemaitre Zilvetti. Arce is a direct descendant of Aniceto Arce, a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd president of Bolivia from 1888 to 1892.
She began studying industrial engineering but then switched to business administration at Private University of Valley.
Claudia also won the first place in her country's national competitions of Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics held between 2005 and 2007. In 2008 she was nominated for the International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics in Indonesia.
She speaks three languages: English, German, and Spanish.
She was a special guest on the Bicentennial of the first cry for freedom in South America in her hometown, Sucre, as well as on the Bicentennial anniversary of La Paz.

## Miss Bolivia

Amongst her queen agenda, Claudia has officially visited several municipalities in Beni and traveled to Lima, Peru for a photo shoot of the Yanbal year end catalog. She also appeared as the company image of Fancesa in Fexpocruz 2009 and was a Samsung's Teleinformática fair's model, among many other ones. Claudia Arce has been the only Miss Bolivia to date with the longest reign in history, due to a decision of the event's organization, which held the annual event in August instead of May.
From November 2011 through December 2011, Claudia Arce Lemaitre toured through India with the “Healthy Kids, Happy Kids” children's charity organization. Founded by Satish Sikha, they provided food, clothing and medical treatment to thousands of children in need.

### Post pageant

Since 2013, she has been an entertaining and news host in Bolivia's ATB television network, and also performed as actress in a few local theatrical shows.

## Music video

Claudia sang and acted in a music video "The Full Moon (Luna Llena)" directed and produced by Gotham Skyline Productions.
# Manusha Nanayakkara

Manusha Nanayakkara (born 24 September 1977) is a Sri Lankan politician, Cabinet Minister, and member of Parliament for the Galle District. He is a journalist by profession and was educated at Mahinda College, Galle. He was appointed as the Minister of Labour and Foreign Employment on the 20 May 2022.
On 20 May 2022, amidst the 2022 Sri Lankan protests and political crisis, Nanayakkara was sworn in as the Minister of Labour and Foreign Employment and officially became a member of the Rajapaksa-Wickremesinghe led cabinet, against the wishes of his own party, the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB). He and fellow minister Harin Fernando had subsequently been suspended from the SJB. Both ministers would later resign from their ministerial portfolios on 9 July 2022, but would again be reappointed to their same positions by President Ranil Wickremesinghe on 22 July 2022. A year later, on 18 July 2023, the Working Committee of the SJB expelled Manusha Nanayakkara and Harin Fernando from the party. Shortly afterwards, on 2 August 2023, Fernando and Nanayakkara were readmitted into the United National Party by the party's working committee.
On 9 August 2024, the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka ruled that the decision by the Samagi Jana Balawegaya to expel Manusha Nanayakkara and Harin Fernando from the party was legally valid. As a consequence of this judgement, their expulsion resulted in the loss of their parliamentary seats and ministerial portfolios.
On 20 August 2024, it was announced that Manusha Nanayakkara had been appointed by the President of Sri Lanka, Ranil Wickremesinghe, as the Advisor to the President on Labour and Foreign Employment, with immediate effect.
# Chandala

Chandala (Sanskrit: चण्डाल) is a Sanskrit word for someone who deals with the disposal of corpses, and is a Hindu lower caste, traditionally considered to be untouchable.

## History

Varṇa was a hierarchical social order in ancient India, based primarily on the Dharmashastras. However, since the Vedic corpus constitute the earliest literary source, it came to be seen as the origin of caste society. In this view of caste, varṇas were created on a particular occasion and have remained virtually unchanged. Historically this order of society, notions of purity and pollution were central, and activities were delineated in this context. Varṇa divides the society into four groups ordered in a hierarchy; beyond these, outside the system, lies a fifth group known as the untouchables, of which the Chandala became a constituent part.
The first mention of the fourfold varṇa division is found in the later Rigveda. Vedic literature also mentions some groups, such as Ayogava, Chandala, Nishada, and Paulkasa, which were outside the four-varṇa classification. They were referred to as belonging to the "panchama varṇa" or panchamas, meaning fifth. The Yajur-Veda mentions their degradation from the varṇa classes, mentioning the Chandala group in particular, who were said to be the untouchable class of people born of the union between a Shudra male and a Brahmin female.
There are frequent references to the forest-dwellers in the post-Rigvedic literature; the Chandalas were one of these primitive people, who belonged to the fringes of the society.
In many parts of India, Chandal is used as a pejorative or an insult among Hindus, even though castes known as such are not practically present outside Bengal (Namasudras).

## Reference by travelers to India

During his travel across India in the 4th–5th centuries CE, Chinese traveler Faxian mentioned Chandalas while talking about the people of India:
   Throughout the whole country the people do not kill any living creature, nor drink intoxicating liquor, nor eat onions or garlic. The only exception is that of the Chandalas. That is the name for those who are (held to be) wicked men, and live apart from others. ... In that country they do not keep pigs and fowls, and do not sell live cattle; in the markets there are no butchers' shops and no dealers in intoxicating drink. In buying and selling commodities they use cowries. Only the Chandalas are fishermen and hunters, and sell flesh meat.
# The Trials of Gabriel Fernandez

The Trials of Gabriel Fernandez is a 2020 American true crime documentary television series about the 2013 murder and abuse of Gabriel Fernandez, an eight-year-old boy from Palmdale, California. It was released on Netflix as a six-part miniseries on February 26, 2020.

## Cast

* Rodrigo Alfonso as Arturo Martinez
* William Guirola as Isauro Aguirre

## Background

Directed by documentary filmmaker Brian Knappenberger, the series is co-produced by his production company, Luminant Media, and Common Sense Media. The series features interviews with Los Angeles Times journalists, attorneys Jon Hatami and Scott Andrew Yang, Los Angeles County District Attorney Jackie Lacey, and others.
Knappenberger has stated that, during the two years of production on the series, producers kept a therapist on call because of the disturbing nature of the content.

## Critical response

The Trials of Gabriel Fernandez has received generally positive reviews from critics. Writing for CNN.com, Brian Lowry called the series "compelling but structurally messy". Writing for Decider, Joel Keller called the series "a must-watch".
# 1722 in science

The year 1722 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Chemistry

* René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur publishes his work on metallurgy, L'Art de convertir le fer forge en acier, which describes how to convert iron into steel.

## Exploration

* April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Jacob Roggeveen lands on Easter Island.

## Mathematics

* Abraham de Moivre states de Moivre's formula, connecting complex numbers and trigonometry.

## Meteorology

* A continuous series of weather records is begun in Uppsala by Anders Celsius; it will be maintained for at least 300 years.

## Physics

* Willem 's Gravesande publishes experimental evidence that the formula for kinetic energy of a body in motion is $E_{k}\propto {\begin{matrix}\end{matrix}}mv^{2}$.

## Technology

* October – In clockmaking, George Graham demonstrates that his experiments, begun in December 1721, with mercurial compensation of the pendulum result in greater accuracy in timekeeping under conditions of variable temperature.

## Births

* May 11 – Petrus Camper, Dutch comparative anatomist (died 1789)
* November 19 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (died 1809)
* December 28 – Eliza Lucas, American agronomist (died 1793)
* Thomas Barker, English meteorologist (died 1809)

## Deaths

* May 20 – Sébastien Vaillant, French botanist (born 1669)
# In-vehicle parking meter

An in-vehicle parking meter (IVPM) (also known as in-vehicle personal meter, in-car parking meter, or personal parking meter) is a handheld electronic device, roughly the size of a pocket calculator, that drivers display in their car windows either as a parking permit or as proof of parking payment. IVPM was first implemented in the late 1980s in Arlington, VA, and is spreading to campuses and municipalities worldwide as a centralized method of parking management, revenue collection, and compliance enforcement.

## History

Implementation of IVPM began in the late 1980s in Arlington, VA, and is spreading to campuses and municipalities worldwide as a centralized method of parking management, revenue collection, and compliance enforcement.

## Uses
### Management

Parking managers who implement IVPM are able to combine all permit and pay-for-parking needs into one centralized system, which tracks data on where and for how long drivers are parking in specific locations. IVPMs can be customized based on a parking department's needs for what level of authority is parking, where they park, when they park, how long they park, and how much they are charged.

### Payment

Depending on the entity where IVPM is implemented, drivers either use their debit cards to load funds onto their IVPMs through their computers at home or parking offices distribute the IVPMs to drivers with preloaded permit restrictions. The IVPM only charges drivers for the amount of time they have the device turned on, as opposed to traditional meters that drivers put coins into and return with extra time leftover. This feature eliminates "meter anxiety," a term coined by Professor Donald Shoup of the University of California that refers to a driver's mental stress of having to return to his or her vehicle before the meter expires. This also ensures drivers who overpay will not overstay, meaning the IVPM is only deducting funds for as long as the driver is outside the vehicle, as opposed to conventional meters that a driver may deposit too much funding into and stay longer than needed. Another IVPM payment method is pay by phone parking, which allows drivers to add parking time through their smartphones.

### Enforcement

Parking enforcers see visually on each IVPM whether a driver has sufficient funds or is parked in a restricted zone. Each distributed IVPM has a personal identification number specific to the registered driver to prevent parking fraud. Most IVPMs are equipped with near field communication to open gates and for parking enforcers to make sure a driver has turned on the device in the event that the window is covered by snow.

### Sustainability

IVPMs typically have an 8-to-10-year lifespan and do not require the use of disposable paper receipts or plastic permits and decals that are associated with conventional parking management methods. Unlike traditional parking meters that require attendants to periodically withdraw funds, there is no infrastructure required to collect IVPM funds and no need for regular maintenance. Cities avoid the need to install meters, collect and count coins, and repair units.
# Longwood (Milton, North Carolina)

Longwood is a historic plantation house located near Milton, Caswell County, North Carolina. The original section was built about 1810, and is a two-story, four-bay-by-one bay Federal style frame block. It has a two-bay-wide and one-bay-deep Greek Revival style addition forming an overall L-shaped dwelling. The interior features woodwork attributed to noted African-American cabinetmaker Thomas Day. Also on the property are the frame kitchen, log corn crib, log tenant house, and log tobacco barn. It is believed to have been the home of U.S. Congressman Romulus Mitchell Saunders early in his career.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
The house was destroyed by fire on December 26, 2013.
# Sarah Mergenthaler

Sarah Mergenthaler (born April 21, 1979) is an American sports sailor.
She was born in Red Bank, New Jersey, United States, and started sailing at the age of seven at a club in Red Bank.
Raised in Colts Neck Township, Mergenthaler graduated from Marlboro High School, where she played basketball and soccer and was placekicker on the football team, the first woman to play for the school's team.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, she competed in the women's 470 alongside Amanda Clark, finishing in 12th position.
# Looney–French House

The Looney–French House is a historic house at 1325 Deer Run Trail in Dalton, Arkansas. Built c. 1833, this 1+1⁄2-story dogtrot house is one of the oldest standing buildings in Arkansas. Its builder, William Looney, was one of the first white settlers of the area, arriving in 1802. The house has two unequally-sized log pens, with the breezeway between now enclosed. The house is finished with a gable roof and weatherboard siding, and is mounted on a 20th-century concrete foundation. Each pen has a chimney made from stone cut from the nearby banks of the Eleven Point River.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
# Paing Soe

Paing Soe (Burmese: ပိုင်စိုး; born 13 November 1951) is a Burmese dental professor who served as Rector of the University of Dental Medicine, Yangon from 1997 to 2003. He is also the president of the Myanmar Dental Council (MDC) since January, 2012.

## Early life and career

Paing Soe was born in Bago, Myanmar on 13 November 1951. He graduated from University of Sofia in July, 1971. He received Ph.D from University of Manchester in 1981.
# Lorenzo State Historic Site

Lorenzo State Historic Site is a mansion built by Colonel John Lincklaen, founder of the village of Cazenovia, New York. Colonel Linklaen was the agent of the Holland Land Company upon whose recommendation the Company purchased the 135,000-acre (55,000 ha) tract of land where the village grew. The painted brick mansion, begun in 1807 and completed in 1809, overlooks Cazenovia Lake. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in July 1970. Located on the grounds is the separately listed Rippleton Schoolhouse.
# Hawkeye Transfer Company Warehouse

The Hawkeye Transfer Company Warehouse, also known as the Rocket Transfer Building, is a historic building located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The building was built by Frederick Hubbell who founded F.M. Hubbell and Son, which became Hubbell Realty Co. The company has retained ownership of the building since it was built. Plans were approved in 2009 to convert the building, as well as the Schmitt and Henry Manufacturing Company complex, into loft apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.