OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Consumer leverage ratio

The consumer leverage ratio (CLR) is the ratio of total household debt to disposable personal income. In the United States these are reported, respectively, by the Federal Reserve (as the household debt service ratio (DSR)) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the US Department of Commerce.
${\mbox{Consumer leverage ratio}}={{\mbox{Total household debt}} \over {\mbox{Disposable personal income}}}$
The concept has been used to quantify the amount of debt an average consumer has, relative to their disposable income. In essence, the consumer leverage ratio demonstrates how many years it would take an average consumer to pay off their debt if their entire annual disposable income went toward it.

## Overview

The concept, popularized by William Jarvis and Dr. Ian C MacMillan in a series of articles in the Harvard Business Review, is being used in economic analysis and reporting, having been compared to other relevant economic indicators since the 1970s.
The consumer leverage ratio in the US was increasing in the years before the 2007–2008 financial crisis, peaking at 1.29x in 2007 and decreasing ever since. As of the fourth quarter of 2016, the ratio in the US stood at 1.04x. The historical average of this ratio since late 1975 is approximately 0.9x.
Many economists argue the rapid growth in consumer leverage has been the primary fuel of corporate earnings growth in the past few decades and thus represents significant economic risk and reward to the US economy. Jarvis and MacMillan quantify this risk within specific businesses and industries in a ratio form as "Consumer Leverage Exposure" (CLE).
# Heermance House and Law Office

Heermance House and Law Office is a historic home located at Rhinecliff, Dutchess County, New York. Located on the property is a cottage, built about 1858 in the Picturesque Italianate style; the Gothic-inspired law office building, built about 1886; and a garage, built about 1900. The house is a two-story, three bay building with a broad picturesque verandah, ornamental brackets, and pierced woodwork. It has a long, two story, gable roofed rear wing. The law office building is a small, one story frame structure sheathed in clapboard.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
# A (Mongolic)

A is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.$^{:549–551}$

## Mongolian language

Letter$^{:17,18}$$^{:546}$ :
| ‑a | a | Transliteration |
| — | ᠠ | Alone |
| — | ᠠ᠋ | Alone |
| — | ᠠ‍ | Initial |
| — | ‍ᠠ‍ | Medial |
| — | ‍ᠠ | Connected final |
| ᠎ᠠ$^{⟨?⟩}$ ⟨⟩ | — | Separated final |
Ligatures$^{:22–23}$$^{:546}$ :
| ba | pa | Transliteration |
| ᠪᠠ | ᠫᠠ | Alone |
| ᠪᠠ‍ | ᠫᠠ‍ | Initial |
| ‍ᠪᠠ‍ | ‍ᠫᠠ‍ | Medial |
| ‍ᠪᠠ | ‍ᠫᠠ | Final |
Separated suffixes :
| ‑a | Transliteration |
| ᠠ‍$^{⟨?⟩}$ ⟨⟩ | Initial |
| ᠠ$^{⟨?⟩}$ ⟨⟩ | Whole |
* Transcribes Chakhar /ɑ/; Khalkha /a/, /ə/, and /∅/.$^{:40–42}$ Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter а.
* Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (e), the shape of adjacent consonants (q/k and ɣ/g), and position in syllable sequence (n, ng, q, ɣ, d).
* The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, and p), and to the right in all other cases.
* ‍ᠠ᠋‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.$^{:44}$
* ‍ᠠ᠋$^{⟨?⟩}$ ⟨⟩ = connected galik final.$^{:26–28}$$^{:38–39}$
* Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰), written twice for isolate and initial forms.$^{:539–540,545–546}$$^{:111,113}$$^{:35}$
* Produced with A using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.
* In the Mongolian Unicode block, a comes before e.
# Aisha Babangida

Aisha Babangida is a humanitarian leader and the chairperson of the Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman. She is the first child of the Former Nigerian Military President Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. Aisha is also the founder of Tasnim Foundation, a charity organisation that provides scholarship to young girls in rural areas with the view of encouraging the girl child education.

## Early life and education

Aisha was born in Nigeria to Nigerian born parents. She has had her education at Queens School Ilorin and the Wharton Business School, Insead, United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Cambridge Judge Business School and Webster University Geneva, Switzerland.

## Career

In 2009 Aisha took over the leadership of the Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman after the demise of her mother. In addition to the Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman, Aisha is also the founder of Women Enterprise Alliance (WenA) as well as the founder of Egwafin Micro Finance Bank in Nigeria. She had also worked with numerous nonprofit organizations.
Aisha advocates for women's rights and empowerment by providing them with resources that can help transform their lives. She is a humanitarian leader with a passion for working within philanthropy and helping the underserved community of Nigeria.
In 2016, Aisha founded the Egwafin MicroFinance Bank which helps those in Nigeria get the access they need to funding and financing that they may not have had access to otherwise. In 2018, she founded the Women Enterprise Alliance ( WenA), a platform that helps entrepreneurs through investing in profitable early stage companies, small & medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria and across Africa.

## Honors

* Gold Medal Award from the prestigious Crans Montana Forum Brussels
* Womens Champion and Youth Mentor Award
* Speaker at the World Humanitarian Forum on Gender Equality and Women Empowerment

## Online Publications

* Mobile Money becomes available in Nigeria
* Technology should enhance communication skills
* Building Business Acumen Through Emotional Intelligence
# Mount Enniskillen, Queensland

Mount Enniskillen is a rural locality in the Blackall-Tambo Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Mount Enniskillen had a population of 44 people.

## Geography

The Enniskillen Range forms part of the south-western boundary of the locality. The mountain Mount Enniskillen (24°42′55″S 145°53′45″E﻿ / ﻿24.7152°S 145.8958°E﻿ / -24.7152; 145.8958﻿ (Mount Enniskillen)) at the northern end of the range rises to 451 metres (1,480 ft) above sea level.
The Landsborough Highway enters the locality from the south-east (Macfarlane) and exits to the west (Blackall).

## History

The mountain was named on 1 October 1846 by Thomas Mitchell, the New South Wales Surveyor-General. It is believed to be named after Enniskillen in Northern Ireland.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Mount Enniskillen had a population of 13 people.
In the 2021 census, Mount Enniskillen had a population of 44 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Mount Enniskillen. The nearest government school is Tambo State School (Early Childhood to Year 10) in neighbouring Tambo to the south-east; however this school is only within range of a daily commute for students living in the south of Mount Enniskillen. Also, there are no school providing education to Year 12 nearby. The alternatives to daily school attendance are distance education and boarding school.
# Baalbek-Hermel Governorate

Baalbek-Hermel (Arabic: بعلبك - الهرمل) is a governorate of Lebanon and is the largest by area in the country. It comprises the districts of Baalbek and Hermel, which in turn are subdivided into a total of 74 municipalities. The capital is at Baalbek. The governorate covers an area of 3,009 km$^2$ (1,162 sq mi) and is bounded by Akkar Governorate to the northwest, North Governorate to the west, Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate and Mount Lebanon Governorate to the southwest, Beqaa Governorate to the south, and the Syrian governorates of Homs and Rif Dimashq to the northeast and southeast. The governorate occupies the northern portion of the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon's most important agricultural area.
The UNHCR estimated the population of the governorate at 416,427 in 2015, including 137,788 registered refugees of the Syrian Civil War and 8,117 Palestinian refugees. The Lebanese citizen population is predominantly Shiite with pockets of Christians and Sunnis, while the refugee population is predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate was created by the enactment of Law 522 on 16 July 2003, in which the districts of Baalbek and Hermel were separated from Beqaa Governorate. Implementation of the new region only began in 2014 with the appointment of the first and current governor, Bashir Khodr.
Already one of Lebanon's poorest regions, the recent influx of Syrian refugees has placed additional strain on the governorate's fragile infrastructure and services. Violence in Syria has spilled over into the governorate, especially in the area around Arsal and Ras Baalbek. The northern Beqaa valley and Baalbek has had Hezbollah or the Amal Movement electoral victories but 46% of the electorate voted for the opposition Baalbek Madinati party in recent elections.

## Demographics

According to registered voters in 2014:
Religion in the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Religion in the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate including the Beqaa Governorate
| Year | Christians | Christians | Christians | Christians | Christians | Muslims | Muslims | Muslims | Muslims | Druze |
| Year | Total | Maronites | Greek Catholics | Greek Orthodox | Other Christians | Total | Shias | Sunnis | Alawites | Druze |
| 2014 | 13.82% | 7.53% | 5.14% | 0.91% | 0.24% | 85.79% | 71.69% | 14.06% | 0.04% | 0.01% |
# Olie Cordill

Olie James Cordill (April 28, 1916 – November 14, 1988) was a professional American football halfback in the National Football League (NFL). A first round selection (fifth overall pick) in the 1940 NFL draft out of Rice University, Cordill played for the Cleveland Rams in that year. His son Ollie Cordill also played in the NFL.
# Jesse Whittenton

Urshell James "Jesse" Whittenton (May 9, 1934 – May 21, 2012) was an American professional football player who was a cornerback for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the Green Bay Packers. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame. He played college football for the Texas Western Miners (now UTEP Miners).
Whittenton also played golf on the Senior PGA Tour in the late 1980s. His best finish was T-21 at the 1989 Showdown Classic.
Whittenton is one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is caused by repeated hits to the head.
# David Molony (cricketer)

David Matthew Molony (born 30 May 1966 in Wellington) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Wellington from 1986 to 1988.
Molony appeared in ten first-class matches as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, taking 18 wickets at an average of 36.27. His best bowling figures were 3 for 62 and 3 for 69 against Canterbury in 1985–86, when he also made his highest score of 14 not out, batting in his usual position at number 11. He also played three List A matches in 1993–94.
# 10nen Sakura

"10nen Sakura" (10年桜, Jūnen Zakura, "10-year Cherry Blossom", "10th Graduation Anniversary") is the 11th major single by the Japanese idol group AKB48, released on March 4, 2009.
It's a school graduation song.
The single peaked at number 3 in the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart.
10 years after the song was released, as well as the same day, the other center and now graduate, Atsuko Maeda, gave birth to her son. Some of the fans joked that they had named the child Sakura/Zakura in commemoration of the anniversary.

## Track listing

The single was released in two versions: Regular Edition (通常盤) (CD+DVD, catalog number KIZM-25/6) and Theater Edition (劇場盤) (CD only, catalog number NMAX-1080).

### Regular Edition
#### DVD

Bonus (First press limited edition only)
* Nationwide handshake meeting entry ticket (location of your choice)

### Theater Edition
#### CD

See Regular Edition CD

#### Bonus

* Handshake meeting ticket
* Random photo of a member (Teams A, K, B, Kenkyūsei, SKE48)

## Members

(Team affiliation at the time of the release. The members featured on the cover of the Theater Edition are in bold.)
Centers: Atsuko Maeda and Jurina Matsui
* Team A: Tomomi Itano, Mai Ōshima, Rie Kitahara, Haruna Kojima, Mariko Shinoda, Minami Takahashi, Reina Fujie, Atsuko Maeda, Minami Minegishi, Miho Miyazaki
* Team K: Yūko Ōshima, Erena Ono, Tomomi Kasai, Asuka Kuramochi, Sae Miyazawa, Sayaka Akimoto
* Team B: Yuki Kashiwagi, Rino Sashihara, Mayu Watanabe
* SKE48: Jurina Matsui, Rena Matsui

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Japan (Oricon Weekly Singles Chart) | 3 |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 13 |
| Japan (RIAJ Digital Track Chart) | didn't chart |
# Cherokee High School (North Carolina)

Cherokee High School is a Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) grant high school located in Cherokee, North Carolina and administered by the federally recognized Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. They have their base in Cherokee. The school was originally housed in a 1950s/1960s building. It moved to a new facility constructed for it, which opened in 2009.
Cherokee High School is part of the Cherokee Central Schools System. It is the only 9–12 high school on Qualla Boundary, and shares a campus with Cherokee Elementary and Cherokee Middle School.

## Accreditation

The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction.

## Athletics

Cherokee competes at the 1A level in the North Carolina High School Athletic Association. They have won state championships in football (2017) and twice in girl's basketball (1996 & 2024)

## Notable faculty

* Amanda Crowe
* Goingback Chiltoskey
# Jacopo Fazzini

Jacopo Fazzini (born 16 March 2003) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as midfielder for Serie A club Empoli.

## Personal life

Fazzini's grandfather, Giorgio was a tennis player. His brother, Tommaso is a beach soccer player.

## Club career

Fazzini grew up with Viareggio, Capezzano and Empoli. Fazzini won in the 2020–21 the league with the under-19s team. Fazzini made his debut on 19 January 2022, in a 3–2 Coppa Italia defeat against Inter after extra-time coming on as substitute in the 97th minute.

## International career

On 12 September 2023 he made his debut with the Italy U21, in the qualifying match won 2–0 against Turkey.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 28 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Empoli | 2021–22 | Serie A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Empoli | 2022–23 | Serie A | 21 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Empoli | 2023–24 | Serie A | 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 1 |
| Empoli | 2024–25 | Serie A | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 61 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 3 |
* ↑ Includes Coppa Italia
# Abraham Lichtstein

Abraham Lichtstein (Hebrew: אברהם לכטשטיין) was a Polish rabbi and Talmudist. He served as the Av Beis Din of Przasnysz, Poland and authored a commentary on the Pentateuch entitled Kanfei Nesharim (Hebrew: כנפי נשרים, "Wings of Eagles").

## Early life, education and career

Lichtstein was born in Białystok at the end of the eighteenth century. He was the son of Rabbi Eliezer Lipman Lichtstein and grandson of Rabbi Kalman of Białystok.
His major work, Kanfei Nesharim, was published in Warsaw in 1881. The sefer is divided into several parts, each with a separate name:
* Kiryat Sefer, an introduction to each book of the Pentateuch
* To'aliyyot ha-Ralbag, a treatment of the doctrines deduced by Gersonides from passages of the Torah
* Abach Soferim, miscellanea
* Machazeh Abraham, consisting of sermons on each section of the Torah
* Ner Mitzvah, a treatment of the number of the precepts according to Maimonides
* Shiyyure Miẓwah, a treatment of the additional precepts according to Nahmanides, Moses ben Jacob of Coucy, and Isaac ben Joseph of Corbeil
* Milchemet Mitzvah, on the disputes among various authorities concerning the numbering of the precepts by Maimonides
* Torat ha-Ḳorbanot, on the Levitical laws of offerings and on the order of the High Priest's service in the Sanctuary on Yom Kippur
* Sha'arei Tziyyon, orations on theological subjects
The whole work was published together with the text of the Pentateuch (Josefow, 1829) and republished without the text (Vilna, 1894).
Lichtstein also authored a commentary on the Sefer ha-Tappuach, which was published together with the text in the Grodno edition of 1799.
# Alexander Kurakin

Prince Alexander Borisovich Kurakin, sometimes spelled Kourakine (Russian: Александр Борисович Куракин; 18 January 1752 – Weimar, 6 / 24 June 1818) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, a member of the State Council (from 1810), who was ranked Active Privy Counsellor 1st Class (see Table of Ranks).

## Life

Born in Moscow to a long line of Russian diplomats, he was the great grandson of Boris Kurakin, a Russian ambassador and close associate of Peter the Great. He moved to St. Petersburg in 1764 following the death of his father, Boris Alexandrovich Kurakin. There he became acquainted with Great Prince (Grand Duke) Pavel Petrovich, the future Emperor Paul I of Russia, and remained one of his most trusted friends. This friendship, though, did not meet the approval of the then reigning Empress Catherine II, and so Kurakin was forced to depart abroad. In 1776, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
After Catherine II's death, Kurakin was allowed to return to St. Petersburg in 1796 and he resumed his career, becoming Vice Chancellor in 1796. During the reign of Alexander I Kurakin became the Ambassador of Russia in Vienna in 1806. Two years later, he replaced Ambassador Pyotr Tolstoy in Paris.

## Ambassador in Paris

As ambassador in Paris, Kurakin was known for two political acts: taking an active part in the arrangements for the signing of the Treaty of Tilsit, and warning the Tsar about the upcoming war with the French.
From 1810 Kurakin wrote numerous notes to Tsar Alexander, warning him of imminent war. After the last futile attempt to reconcile the Russian-French relationship at his meeting with Napoleon on 15 April 1812, the subsequent departure of Napoleon marking the start of Napoleon's invasion of Russia led to Kurakin resigning as ambassador.
In Paris' higher circles, Kurakin was famously referred to as a "diamond prince", due to magnificence and richness of his costumes. It was one of these costumes that actually saved his life during a fire that happened during a ball given by Schwarzenberg, the Austrian ambassador on 1 July 1810. While escorting the women out of the blazing hall, he fell to the ground and was trampled by the panicking crowd, but his richly decorated coat protected him from the worst of the intense heat. Nevertheless, he was still badly burned and was confined to bed for several months.
He is also credited with introducing Russian-style service à la russe to France, where it replaced the previous service à la française.
He never married but he had illegitimate issue by Akulina Dmitrievna Samoilova, the Barons Wrjevsky, and by an unknown woman, the Barons Serdobin.
# Henri Hureau de Sénarmont

Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (French pronunciation:) (6 September 1808 – 30 June 1862) was a French mineralogist and physicist.
He was born in Broué, Eure-et-Loir. From 1822 to 1826, he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris, then furthered his education at the École des Mines. During the course of his career, he became engineer-in-chief of mines, and professor of mineralogy and director of studies at the École des Mines in Paris.
Sénarmont was distinguished for his research on polarization and demonstrating the anisotropy of heat diffusion in a crystal, and on the artificial formation of minerals. A polarized light retardation compensator known as a "Sénarmont prism polarizer" is named after him, as is senarmontite, a mineral that he described in 1851.
He wrote essays and prepared maps on the geology of Seine-et-Marne and Seine-et-Oise for the Geological Survey of France (1844). He admired the work of Augustin Fresnel, and endeavored to prepare of an entire edition of Fresnel's works. The project was far enough advanced prior to his death that it could be completed by other authors ("Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel", 1866–70).
# Siege of Ueda

The siege of Ueda was staged in 1600 by Tokugawa Hidetada, son and heir of the warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu, against Ueda castle garrison in Shinano province, which was controlled by the Sanada family.
Hidetada came across the castle as he marched his army along the Nakasendō (central mountain road) from Edo to rendezvous with his father's forces. Sanada Masayuki resisted, and Sanada Yukimura, second son of Masayuki, was able to fight Hidetada's 38,000 men with only 2,000. However, when the castle did not fall as quickly as Hidetada had hoped and expected, he gave up and abandoned the siege and hurried to meet up with his father. As a result of this delay, Hidetada missed the battle of Sekigahara, the decisive victory in his father's unification of Japan.
# Lilia Aragón

Lilia Aragón (born Lilia Isabel Aragón del Rivero, 22 September 1938 – 2 August 2021) was a Mexican film, television, and stage actress and politician. She was the Secretary of the National Association of Actors.
She also served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District as replacement of Elba Esther Gordillo.

## Selected filmography
### Telenovelas

| Year | Title | Character | Note |
| 2016 | Mujeres de negro | Catalina Suárez Vda. de Lombardo | Antagonist |
| 2016 | Simplemente María | Constanza Viarnau Vda. de Montesinos | Special Appearance |
| 2015 | Hasta el fin del mundo | Yuba | Special Appearance |
| 2012 | Amores verdaderos | Odette Ruiz Vda. de Longoria | Antagonist |
| 2011 | Esperanza del corazón | "La Tocha" | Special Appearance |
| 2005 | La esposa virgen | Aurelia Betancourt Vda. de Ortiz | Main Antagonist |
| 2004 | Rubí | Nora de Navarro | Special Appearance |
| 2003 | Velo de novia | Enriqueta Valverde Vda. de Del Moral | Antagonist |
| 2000 | Abrázame muy fuerte | Efigenia de la Cruz y Fereira | Supporting Role |
| 1997 | Pueblo chico, infierno grande | La Tapanca | Supporting Role |
| 1996 | La sombra del otro | Marina Morales | Supporting Role |
| 1993-94 | Más allá del puente | Ofelia Villalba Vda. de Fuentes | Main Antagonist |
| 1992 | De frente al sol | Ofelia Villalba Vda. de Fuentes | Main Antagonist |
| 1990 | Cuando llega el amor | Helena Ríos / Hellen Rivers | Supporting Role |
| 1986 | Cuna de lobos | Rosalía Mendoza | Antagonist |

### Series

* Como dice el dicho (2012–2016) as Various characters

### Film

* The Garden of Aunt Isabel (1971)