# Nezihe Muhiddin

Nezihe Muhiddin Tepedelengil (1889 – 10 February 1958) was a Turkish women's rights activist, suffragette, journalist, writer and political leader.
In the 20th century Ottoman Empire, Nezihe Muhiddin was a pioneer of the women's movement who fought to ensure the recognition of women's political rights after declaration of republican regime. She became one of leading names of the First Wave Republican feminists. Even before the establishment of the Republican People's Party, Nezihe Muhiddin completed the formation of Women's People's Party (KHF) in 1923 and became the founder of the first political party in Turkey. She also served as a president of the Women's Union between 1924 and 1927 and helped the founding process of the journal named Turk Kadin Yolu.
She is a writer who has written 20 novels, 300 stories, playings, screenplays, operettas.

## Life
### Early life and education

She was born in Kandilli, Istanbul in 1889. She's the daughter of a prosecutor and criminal judge Mr. Muhiddin. She completed her education with lessons from private teachers and did not receive higher education. She studied privately at home and learned Persian, Arabic, German, French. From her early teenage years, she grew up liable to political and social issues and the state of being a woman. Nezihe Muhiddin's cousin and her mother's debates and discussion on literature and social problems led the way of Muhiddin's ideology.
She expresses that she sees the greatest contribution in terms of education from her cousin Nakiye Hanım. According to her, Nakiye Hanım is an exemplary Turkish woman who has experienced the modern type of woman, so her thoughts carry a lot of traces from her.
She kept using her father's surname, Muhiddin, in her literary works instead of the surname of his second husband.

### Career and literary works

She is the founder of the first party of the Republic of Turkey, Kadınlar Halk Fırkası (People's Party for Women or Women's People Party) in July 1923. KHF was founded for the political and social rights of women. Due to the political situation during the time, it was not recognized officially by the modern Turkish state.
Muhiddin then founded Türk Kadınlar Birliği (Turkish Women's Union) with Latife Bekir, and edited a feminist publication. Türk Kadınlar Birliği continued to press for political equality. In 1927 the Union decided to promote a feminist male candidate to champion women's rights in the parliament, but he was unsuccessful.
She spent her life working to improve the quality of the lives of Turkish women.
Nezihe Muhiddin wrote novels that studied women's problems and criticized men's attitudes in marriages. Her first novel, "Şebâb-ı Tebah” (Disappearing Youth), was published in 1911. Muhiddin started her career at the age of twenty and served many duties. She wrote articles in magazines and newspapers, one of the most important works among them was Kadın Yolu Dergisi between 1925 and 1926. Throughout her life, she wrote 20 novels, 300 stories, play, operettas, screenplays. She translated works of world writers such as Goethe and Edgar Allan Poe.
In 1913, she took part in the establishment of the charity named "Turkish Ladies Protection Association” and also became the secretariat of the association. Moreover, she was one of the founders of the Women's Branch of the “Donanma Cemiyeti” which was established to support the Ottoman navy. However, when she was doing charity work, the main issue on her mind was unity of women and their participation in political life.
Muhiddin, in her work called Turkish Women, states that she learned the notion of femininity from the women she grew up within the same environment and her actions were shaped by feeding on their ideas.
She worked as a Directorate of İttihad ve Terakki Kız Sanayi Mehteb and published many novels and stories. She took important positions in associations, congregation, and communities that were founded by women. In 1927, the Union chose to advance a male contender for parliament, which ended up being ineffective. That very year, Nezihe Muhiddin was accused of debasement as the seat of the Union and had to leave her position. The Turkish Women's Union disbanded in 1935, and it was invited to join the semi-official People's Houses, like many similar autonomous organizations.
Nezihe Muhiddin was threatened, disregarded, and discarded by a series of prosecutions, both by the state authorities and by her female companions. As a result of the intimidation and deletion policies of that period, she did (could) not engage in political activity after the 1930s and focused on her author identity. She wrote many stories and novels.
On February 10, 1958, she died in a mental hospital located in İstanbul.

## Publications
### Books

* Şebab-ı Tebah (The Lost Youth)
* Benliğim benimdir (My Ego is Mine)
* Güzellik Kraliçesi (The Beauty Queen)
* Boz Kurt (The Grey Wolf)
* İstanbul'da Bir Landru (A Landru in Istanbul)
* Ateş Böcekleri (Fire Flies)
* Bir Aşk Böyle Bitti (This is How A Love Ended)
* Çıplak Model (The Naked Model)
* İzmir Çocuğu (The Child of Izmir)
* Avare Kadın (Wastrel Woman)
* Bir Yaz Gecesiydi (It Was a Summer Night)
* Çıngıraklı Yılan (The Rattlesnake)
* Kalbim Senindir (My Heart Belongs To You)
* Sabah Oluyor (Turning Out to be Morning)
* Gene Geleceksin (You Will Come Back)
* Sus Kalbim Sus! (Shush, My Heart, Shush!)
* Türk Kadını (Turkish Woman)