OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jamrach's Menagerie

Jamrach's Menagerie is a 2011 novel by Carol Birch. The novel has been referred to as historical fiction, since it features certain real life characters, such as naturalist Charles Jamrach.
The novel was short-listed for the 2011 Man Booker Prize.

## Plot

At the age of eight, Jaffy Brown encounters a tiger escaped from the menagerie of Charles Jamrach, wandering about London's East End. Taken up in the tiger's jaws, he is rescued by Jamrach himself, who then offers Jaffy a job. Jaffy loves working at the menagerie and becomes friends with another employee, Tim Linver. He falls in love with Tim's sister and the three of them grow up together on the streets of London.
Several years later, when Jaffy is sixteen, he and Tim are dispatched by Jamrach to the Dutch East Indies, aboard a whaling ship. Under the charge of Jamrach's seasoned field agent, Dan Rymer, they have been sent to capture a "dragon" for the menagerie. The crew successfully capture the dragon, but on the return voyage it is set loose by Skip, one of the ship's mad crewmen, and after it bites a crew member they are forced to drive it overboard. Later the vessel is struck by a waterspout and sunk, leaving only a dozen men alive, stranded in the Pacific Ocean in two whaleboats. The two boats make for the coast of Chile, and as the crew gradually begin to die of starvation, thirst, sickness and exposure. Eventually only Jaffy, Tim, Skip and Dan are left alive, and they draw straws to see who will be killed (shot) and who will shoot him. Tim draws the marked piece of paper, and Jaffy kills him, an act which will haunt him for the rest of his life. Eventually Skip also dies, and by the time Dan and Jaffy arrive in Chile they are half-dead with exhaustion and half-mad from grief and anguish.
In the book's coda, Jaffy returns home, faces Tim's family, and goes through a long period of depression and ennui. He eventually returns to life as a sailor, and in his retirement constructs a bird menagerie of his own.

## Historical references

Charles Jamrach was a real historical figure who operated a menagerie in east London in the 19th century, and at one point a Bengal tiger escaped and took an eight-year-old boy in its mouth. This event is depicted by a statue in Tobacco Dock in Wapping. Jamrach personally rescued the boy from the tiger.
The ordeal of the crew in the lifeboats is largely based on the notorious shipwreck of the whaler Essex, which a sperm whale rammed and sank in 1820. A sixteen-year-old sailor named Charles Ramsdell shot his childhood friend Owen Coffin after the drawing of straws. Coffin, like Tim, insisted on the deal being honoured. Ramsdell survived the incident and returned to life as a sailor.

## Reception

On The Omnivore, an aggregator of British press, the book received an "omniscore" of four out of five. The BookScore assessed critical response as an aggregated score of 8.6 out of 10.
# Peruvian Sign Language

Peruvian Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas peruana, LSP) is a Peruvian language created and used by the Deaf community in Peru. It has been officially recognized by Peruvian law since 2010. It is not clear how many users there are in the country; the most recent general census registered little more than 10,000, but the more specific census on people with special needs found around half a million people with hearing disabilities.
Variations exist in several geographically and among generations and religious groups, while the variety used in Lima is the most prestigious one. The government has tried to integrate deaf students into mainstream educational programs with no real success, resulting in low levels of education for deaf students. On the other hand, deaf social gatherings and private schools keep the Peruvian Sign Language strong.

## Classification

Clark notes that Peruvian, Bolivian, Ecuadorian and Colombian sign languages "have significant lexical similarities to each other" and "contain a certain degree of lexical influence from ASL" as well (30% in the case of LSP), at least going by the forms in national dictionaries. Chilean and Argentinian share these traits, though to a lesser extent. Clark counts the lexical similarities to Peruvian SL as Ecuadorian (54%), Bolivian (53%), Colombian (47%), Chilean (41%), and Argentinean (33%).
# Student financial aid in Sweden

Student financial aid in Sweden consists of grants and loans administered by the Swedish National Board of Student Aid, a Swedish government agency. Students living with their parents often only take the student grant, while other students tend to take both the student grant and the student loan. The loans and grants are normally approved for a maximum of 12 semesters, or 240 weeks. In 2024, weekly student aid for a full-time student was as follows:
| | Amount in kronor |
| Grant | 997 |
| Loan | 2,292 |
| Total | 3,289 |
In 2018, the interest rates for tuition fees were low at 0.13, with the average debt equivalent to $21,000, even though students borrow only for living expenses, as Swedish universities charge no tuition fees.
No income tax is paid on student grants and student loans.
Students must meet basic requirements to receive financial aid.
* Must meet the age requirements. May receive student aid until the year that they turn 56, but the right to take out a loan will be limited from the year that they turn 47. For upper secondary education, there is also a minimum age of 20.
* Must be attending a school or course that qualifies them for student aid.
* Must be studying at least half-time.
* Must study for at least three weeks.
In Sweden, application and tuition fees apply for students who are not citizens of the EU, the EEA, a Nordic country, or Switzerland and who apply for or enroll on studies at the bachelor’s or master’s level.
# Talem Taboh

Talem Taboh is an Indian politician from Arunachal Pradesh belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly in the 11th Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He won over NPP's candidate Taja Bonung, securing 5862 votes.
# Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev

Kiev (Russian: Киев) is an aircraft carrier (heavy aircraft cruiser in Russian classification) that served the Soviet Navy and the Russian Navy from 1975 to 1993. She was built between 1970 and 1975 at Chernomorski factory in Mykolaiv and was the first Kiev-class vessel to be built. She is currently part of a theme park in China.

## Service life

Kiev was laid down on 21 July 1970 and launched on 26 December 1972. She was completed and commissioned on 28 December 1975, but officially entered service only in February 1977, after completing all trials.
On 16 July 1976 she sailed from Sevastopol in the Black Sea, and on 20 July began testing her Yakovlev Yak-36M aircraft (four Yak-36M and one Yak-36MU on board) under sea conditions in the Mediterranean off Crete. On 10 August 1976 she arrived in Severomorsk, Murmansk Oblast, and was attached to the Northern Fleet's 170th Anti-Submarine Warfare Brigade, and conducted extensive tests up to December. Between 12 and 19 April 1977 she took part in the Sever-77 exercise, and on 26 June 1977 was reclassified from Protivolodochnyye Kreysery (PKR) "ASW cruiser" to Tyazhelyye Avianesushchiye Kreysery (TAVKR) "Heavy aircraft carrying cruiser". Between 20 December 1977 and 21 April 1978 she participated in operations in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. On 3 November 1978 she hit a sand bar, but suffered no damage. She took part in a local exercise on 4 August 1978, and on 11 October in final tests of the main missiles in the White Sea.
From 1977 to 1987, Kiev undertook 10 practice voyages to the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. In March 1979 she undertook manoeuvres with her sister ship Minsk on the Mediterranean. In October 1981 she was a flagship in the massive fleet exercise Zapad-81 on the Baltic Sea. From December 1982 to November 1984 she underwent an overhaul and modernization in Mykolaiv. From 1985, the practice of operating Yakovlev Yak-38s in STOL mode instead of VTOL was introduced, allowing an increase in aircraft payload and range, and a replacement of Kamov Ka-25 helicopters with Kamov Ka-27 started. In 1985 Kiev went back to the Northern Fleet. From 1987 she mainly stayed in Severomorsk. In December 1989 she was moved to reserve. After the disintegration of the USSR, the ship was taken by Russia. Due to a low military budget and worsening ship's condition, she was retired on 30 June 1993.

## Post-service life

In 1996 Kiev was sold to Binhai Aircraft Park, a theme park in Tianjin, China. The concept was developed by world tourism and attraction consultant Leisure Quest International.
In August 2011, ex-Kiev was developed into a luxury hotel after renovations costing £9.6 million.
# Skeleton (song)

"Skeleton" is the third Japanese single by Super Junior's sub-group, Donghae & Eunhyuk, released on August 6, 2014, by Avex Trax.

## Track listing
### DVD

* "Skeleton" music video
* "Skeleton" music video making-of

## Chart

Oricon Singles Chart, Japan :
| Chart | Period | Peak position | Reported sales |
| Daily Singles Chart | 6 August 2014 | 2 | 28,973 |
| Weekly Singles Chart | 4–10 August 2014 | 4 | 36,575 |
| Monthly Singles Chart | August 2014 | 12 | 39,314 |

## Sales

Japanese Version
| Chart | Amount | Ref |
| Oricon Singles Chart physical sales | 39,314+ | |

## Release history

Release history for "Skeleton" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Japan | 6 August 2014 | CDDVD | Avex Trax |
| Various | 6 August 2014 | Digital downloadstreaming | Avex Trax |
# Quino Hernández

Joaquín Hernández Hernández (born 14 April 1964 in Castelldefels), known as Quino Hernández, is a Spanish former cyclist, who was professional from 1987 to 1991. He is best known for winning the second stage of the 1989 Vuelta a España.

## Major results
### 1983

    1st Stage 3b Cinturón a Mallorca

### 1989

    1st Stage 2 Vuelta a España
    1st Stage 6 Volta ao Alentejo

### 1990

    6th Overall Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana
    7th Trofeo Masferrer

### 1991

    6th GP Industria & Artigianato

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | 82 | — | 56 | 57 |
# Takeshi Okano

Takeshi Okano (岡野 剛, Okano Takeshi, born May 9, 1967) is a Japanese manga artist known both for his own works as well as being the collaborative artist with manga writers such as Shou Makura and Tatsuya Hamazaki. His most notable work has been Jigoku Sensei Nūbē which has adapted into an anime series.

## Works

* AT Lady! (1989–1990)
* Jigoku Sensei Nūbē (1993–1999, with Shou Makura)
* Tsurikkies Pintarou (2000, with Shou Makura)
* Magician² (2001)
* Gedou the Unidentified Mysterious Boy (2004–2005)
* Digimon Next (2006–2008, with Tatsuya Hamazaki)
* Izuna the Spiritual Medium (ongoing, with Shou Makura)
# Henry House (Bennington, Vermont)

The Henry House, also known as William Henry House, is a historic house at 1338 Murphy Road in Bennington, Vermont. Built in 1769 and extensively reworked in 1798, it is one of Vermont's oldest surviving houses, and an important example of evolutionary architecture in the state during the 18th century. Now a wedding and events venue, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## Description and history

The Henry House is located outside the village of North Bennington, Vermont, on the south side of the Walloomsac River, just south of the Burt Henry Covered Bridge. It is set on 25 acres (10 ha) of meadow, maple and pine. The main block of the house is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with gabled roof and clapboard siding. Extending to the north and rear are ells, one of which appears to be a porch that was enclosed at a relatively early date. A two-story porch extends across the east side, supported by massive square posts. The interior of the main block has nearly intact finishes, including flooring, woodwork, door hinges and other hardware, although some parts were recycled from other old buildings during a 1930s restoration.
The house was built in 1769 for Elnathan Hubbell, and was extensively altered for William Henry about 1797. The Henrys were prominent in the settlement and politics of southwestern Vermont for many years, with Henry's son William Henry representing the state in the United States Congress. The house was built just eight years after settlement began in the area, and is one of the state's oldest surviving buildings. The fact that it was altered in the 18th century is also important, as it provides a window into changing construction methods.
It was the birthplace of Horace Chapin Henry, an early Seattle businessman.
The house is now operated as The Henry House, a wedding and events venue.
# Lene Rantala

Lene Rantala (born 10 August 1968 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a former Danish handball player and handball coach, two times Olympic champion and a World champion. Rantala was assistant coach for Vipers Kristiansand in the Norwegian REMA 1000-ligaen until the bankruptcy of the club

## Career

During her career she played for Frederiksberg IF and Brabrand in Denmark, before moving to Norway in 1994 to join Toten HK. In 1996 she joined IK Junkeren, where she played for a single season before joining Larvik HK. Here so won 40 titles with the club over a 17-year period. In 2014 she retired at the age of 45 to become a goalkeeping coach at the club. In December 2024 she made a short comeback due to the injury of Larvik goalkeeper Alma Hasanić.

### National team

She debuted on the Danish national team on 14 February 1991, and has since played 226 matches for Denmark. This makes her the 3rd most tenured player on the Danish Women's national team ever behind fellow goalkeeper Karin Mortensen and Janne Kolling. She also has the record for the oldest player on the Danish national team ever with 42 years and 307 days. She has won numerous medals with the team, notably including two Olympic gold medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

## Personal life

Rantala is of Finnish descent through her paternal grandmother.
# Gill Assembly constituency

Gill is one of the 117 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Punjab state in India. It is part of Ludhiana district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 2022 | Jiwan Singh Sangowal | Aam Aadmi Party |
| 2017 | Kuldeep Singh Vaid | Indian National Congress |
| 2012 | Darshan Singh Shivalik | Shiromani Akali Dal |

## Election results
### 2022

Punjab Assembly election, 2022: Gill :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Jiwan Singh Sangowal | 92,696 | 50.33 | |
| | SAD | Darshan Singh | 35,052 | 19.03 | |
| | INC | Kuldeep Singh Vaid | 33,786 | 18.35 | |
| | BJP | Sucha Ram Ladhar | 12,801 | 6.95 | New |
| | LIP | Gagandeep Kainth | 3,837 | 2.08 | |
| | Independent | Rajeev Kumar Lovely | 2,013 | 1.09 | |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1,701 | 0.92 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 57,644 | 31.3 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 273,104 | | |

### 2017

Punjab Assembly election, 2017: Gill :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | Kuldeep Singh Vaid | 67,927 | 37.48 |
| | AAP | Jiwan Singh Sangowal | 59,286 | 32.71 |
| | SAD | Darshan Singh Shivalik | 46,476 | 25.65 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1,647 | 0.91 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,641 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 239,146 | |
# Denmark, Nova Scotia

Denmark is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Colchester County. The community is named after Denmark in Northern Europe, presumably because an early settler immigrated to the area from there.
The area was apart of a land grant given to the Anglican church and may have been settled around 1820. A railway station was opened in Denmark following the completion of the Oxford-Pictou section of the Short Line Railway on July 14th, 1890. Passenger service on the railway ended on November 20th, 1960. A post office was established in Denmark sometime before 1914.
The Sutherland Steam Mill Museum is located in Denmark.
# Berndt Röder

Berndt Röder (born 3 December 1948 in Lünen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.
Röder was born on 3 December 1948 in Lünen and married with three children. He studied law at the University of Hamburg.
Röder entered the German Christian Democratic Union in 1968. He has been a member of the state parliament since 2001. From March 2004 until February 2010 Roeder was President of the Hamburg Parliament. In 2004 Röder was criticized by the media and the Hamburg police union, because he checked how long it took the police to arrive in response to emergency calls. He is believed to have pressed a panic button. In Germany the abuse of an emergency call is actionable, Röder paid a fine of €2,500.
In 2010, Röder resigned from the position of President of the Hamburg Parliament because of the so-called Glaze ice affair in Hamburg. Röder made calls to the privy councils of the state ministry of environment, and state ministry of interior, and to the municipal councillor of Hamburg-Nord borough, Röder complained about the city's negligence not clearing the street—where he resided—of glaze ice. Hamburg's winter services were barely able to clean the main streets and roads. Röder was alleged to have used his political position to further his interests.
# Pearl River Valley Railroad

The Pearl River Valley Railroad (reporting mark PRV) was a shortline railroad that ran from Nicholson to Picayune, Mississippi. It began operation in 1917 when it purchased 10 miles of track from Crosby & Rowlands, including parts of the abandoned Cybur, Gulf, and Northwestern Railroad. Additional sections were then built, extending the line 17.3 miles north to Anderson. It eventually went on to operate 35 miles of railroad. It was abandoned in 2007.
# Anomoporia kamtschatica

Anomoporia kamtschatica is a species of fungus belonging to the family Fomitopsidaceae. Typically found on rotten conifer wood, it consists of white-rot and brown-rot fungi.
It is native to Europe and Northern America.
# Domain Name Rights Coalition

The Domain Name Rights Coalition is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1996 by Kathryn Kleiman and Mikki Barry to protect the interests of domain name registrants in Domain Name System policy development.

## 1996-2004: First iteration

The organization was established to educate Internet users about the need to protect Internet communications; to ensure that governance of the Internet is democratic and representative of the broadest group of individuals, small and large businesses, and public interest and consumer groups; and to ensure that domain name and trademark disputes appropriately recognize the traditional balance of free speech and narrow trademark protection.
Its original directors were Mike Doughney, Kathryn Kleiman, and Harold Feld. Subsequent directors were Dan Steinberg, Jay Fenello, Bret Fausett, and Karl Auerbach.
In a 1999 House hearing, Barry said the organization was primarily founded to respond to Network Solution's domain name dispute policy which she said "stifled the rights of individuals and small businesses to choose domain names."
The organization continues to exist in 2024.

## 2018-present: Relaunch

The organization relaunched in 2018, led by Kathryn Kleiman, as a think tank, supporting research and writing on issues of importance in ICANN and other domain name areas. The organization now works with professors, researchers and advocates around the world to build a base of research and white papers to inform and support the work of the ICANN community and others committed to building fair, balanced and principles rules for the Internet and the Domain Name System.
# Ulu Nerus

Ulu Nerus was a federal constituency in Terengganu, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1974 to 1986.
The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 1986 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of Parliament for Ulu Nerus :
| Parliament | No | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Kuala Trengganu Utara |||||
| 4th | P029 | 1974–1978 | Lukman Abdul Kadir (لقمان عبدالقادر) | BN (PAS) |
| 5th | P029 | 1978–1982 | Abdullah Abdul Rahman (عبدالله عبدالرحمن) | BN (UMNO) |
| 6th | P029 | 1982–1986 | Mamat Abdul Rahman (مامت عبدالرحمن) | BN (UMNO) |
| Constituency abolished, renamed to Setiu |||||

### State constituency

| Parliamentary constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency |
| Parliamentary constituency | 1954–1959* | 1959–1974 | 1974–1986 | 1986–1995 | 1995–2004 | 2004–2018 | 2018–present |
| Ulu Nerus | | | Batu Rakit | | | | |
| Ulu Nerus | | | Langkap | | | | |
| Ulu Nerus | | | Seberang Takir | | | | |
| Ulu Nerus | | | Setiu | | | | |
# Dov Raviv

Dov Raviv (Hebrew: דב רביב, born in Romania in 1937) is an Israeli engineer, who was the director of the MLM plant of the Israel Aerospace Industries (between the years 1978–1991). Raviv is a Technion graduate in aeronautical engineering. Raviv is considered the father of Israel's interceptor missile programs (the "Arrow") and launchers.