OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Govan by-election

The 1911 Govan by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 22 December 1911. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

## Electoral history

General election December 1910: Govan Electorate 17,995 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | William Hunter | 8,409 | 56.9 | +13.9 |
| | Conservative | George Balfour | 6,369 | 43.1 | +9.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,040 | 13.8 | +4.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 14,778 | 79.9 | −4.7 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | +2.3 | |

## Result

The Liberal Party held the seat.
By-Election 22 December 1911: Govan Electorate 18,395 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Daniel Holmes | 7,508 | 53.5 | −3.4 |
| | Conservative | George Balfour | 6,522 | 46.5 | +3.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 986 | 7.0 | −6.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 14,030 | 76.3 | −3.6 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | -3.4 | |

## Aftermath

A general election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.
General Election 1914/15: Electorate 22,559 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Daniel Holmes | | | |
| | Labour | Neil Maclean | | | |
General election 14 December 1918: Electorate 31,652 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Neil Maclean | 9,577 | 47.8 | New |
| | Unionist | Alexander McClure | 8,762 | 43.8 | +0.7 |
| | Liberal | Daniel Holmes | 1,678 | 8.4 | −48.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 815 | 4.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,017 | 63.2 | −16.7 |
| | Labour gain from Liberal | Labour gain from Liberal | Swing | N/A | |
* McClure was the endorsed candidate of the Coalition Government.
# Days (album)

Days is the second studio album by American indie rock band Real Estate, released on October 18, 2011, on Domino Records.

## Background

The album was recorded over the course of five months in a remote New Paltz, New York barn with Kevin McMahon as the producer, except for Out of Tune, which was recorded by Jarvis Taveniere at Rear House in Brooklyn, New York. The album was subsequently mastered by Greg Calbi at Sterling Sound in New York City.
A video for the lead track "Easy" was released through Funny or Die and directed by Tom Scharpling.

## Artwork

The artwork for the album uses a 1966 photograph entitled "Row of New Tract Houses," which features a tract housing in Bayonne, New Jersey. The photograph is from conceptual artist Dan Graham's 1967 photographic collection Homes for America.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 7.5/10 |
| Metacritic | 77/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | A |
| Entertainment Weekly | B+ |
| The Guardian | |
| Mojo | |
| NME | 7/10 |
| Pitchfork | 8.7/10 |
| Q | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Spin | 7/10 |
Days received largely positive reviews from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 77, based on 32 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews". Pitchfork labeled it "Best New Music".
The album was recognized as #13 on The 100 Best Albums of the Decade So Far list by Pitchfork in August 2014.
On their "Top 50 Albums of 2011" lists, Pitchfork placed it at number 9, Q and Uncut placed it at number 24, and Paste placed it at number 47.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Martin Courtney, except where noted
# Bole language

Bole (bòo pìkkà, also known as Bolanchi, Ampikka, Bopikka, Bolewa, Bolawa) is a West Chadic language spoken in Nigeria. Dialects include Bara and Fika, spoken in the Fika Emirate.

## Writing System

Bole alphabet :
| A | B | Ɓ | C | D | Ɗ | E | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | ʼY | Z |
| a | b | ɓ | c | d | ɗ | e | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | t | u | v | w | y | ʼy | z |
# Ambassadors F.C.

Ambassadors Football Club is an intermediate-level football club playing in the Intermediate B division of the Mid-Ulster Football League in Northern Ireland. The club, which is based in County Armagh, has three men's senior teams, a senior ladies team who play in NIWFA Division 2. They also have a boys and girls youth academy. The club's senior team plays in the Irish Cup. Their home kit is blue whilst they predominantly play their away fixtures in black.
The club, which has a "Christian ethos", is part of the global sports ministry "Ambassadors Football". It previously played its senior home games at Ashgrove Park in Markethill, with training also occurring at pitches in Richhill, Armagh and Portadown. In 2023, a 21-year lease was signed for use of the old Brownlow Leisure Centre pitches in Craigavon.
# Woofferton railway station

Woofferton was a railway station and junction near Woofferton, Shropshire, England. It was where the Tenbury Railway joined the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway (S&HR).

## History

The station opened on 6 December 1853, as part of the southern extension of the S&HR from Ludlow to Hereford. It became a junction station in August 1861, when the Tenbury Railway (operated by the S&HR) opened a five-mile branch line. to Tenbury, operated by the GWR. Then on 13th August 1864, the Great Western Railway-operated Tenbury and Bewdley Railway opened, completing the Wyre Forest Line to Bewdley. In 1889, a bay platform, known as the Back Platform, was added to serve the Wyre Forest Line; this was accessed via two diamond crossings in the main lines and continued in use until being removed in 1957.
The station closed on 31st July 1961, the same date as the closure of the former Tenbury Railway. The platforms were subsequently demolished although some buildings remain.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Berrington and Eye Line open, station closed | | Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway Welsh Marches Line | | Ashford Bowdler Line open, station closed |
| | Disused railways | Disused railways | Disused railways | |
| Terminus | | Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway Tenbury Railway | | Easton Court Line and station closed |

## The site today

The line through the station, the Welsh Marches Line, remains in use.
# Verl Lillywhite

Verl Thomas Lillywhite (December 5, 1926 – July 14, 2007) was an American football halfback who played four seasons with the San Francisco 49ers. He first enrolled at Modesto Junior College before transferring to the University of Southern California. He attended Inglewood High School in Inglewood, California. Lillywhite served in the United States Navy during the Korean War.
# Vera Zorina (singer)

Vera Vasilyevna Zorina (Russian: Вера Васильевна Зорина; real surname Popova; 1853 - 1920) was a Russian operetta singer (mezzo-soprano), best known as a Russian romances (or 'Gypsy art-songs') performer. She became famous after playing the part of Stesha in the popular musical Gypsy Songs in Characters by Nikolai Kulikov. Another highly popular part of hers was La Périchole in Jacques Offenbach's operetta. Vera Zorina (an ethnic Russian) is regarded as a founder of the "Gypsyan line" in Russian operetta.
# Trapped equity theory

The Trapped Equity Theory explains the application of cash flows that are freed up and in excess of the company's requirements, arising from the over subscription of its shares during a public offer. According to the theory, such 'trapped' excess funds could be invested to guarantee an increase in market value to shareholders over and above the amount their wealth would increase if the 'surplus' funds were to be returned to them.
Legally, the law stipulates that all surplus funds arising from over subscription of shares must be returned to the applicant and specifies sanctions for contraventions. According to the applicable law, any delay in the return of these funds must attract interest above the Central bank's re-discount rate.
However, a company may apply for its use, such excess funds from oversubscribed issues (maximum 25%) under the following conditions;
* The company obtains a prior approval of the Board of Directors/members.
* The authorized share capital can absorb the over-subscribed shares; and
* It obtains a prior approval from Securities and Exchange Commission for such absorption.
# Daith piercing

A daith piercing is an ear piercing that passes through the ear's innermost cartilage fold, the crus of the helix.
The piercing is usually performed with a straight hollow needle. Captive bead rings are the most common jewellery type used. It can take from six to nine months for a daith piercing to heal.
The area in which the piercing is placed within the ear is said to stimulate a pressure point associated with the vagus nerve. It is said that the piercing can cure chronic migraines and tension headaches by activating vagal afferents (sensory nerve fibers that carry information from internal organs to the nervous system). in people. However, there has been research done through surveys and there is no evidence for this claim and any reported effects are attributed to the placebo effect.

## History

A client of Erik Dakota, who is said to have been studying Hebrew in college, first named this piercing "da'at", meaning "knowledge" (Hebrew: דעת). Her reasoning was that the piercer must have been very "smart" to figure out how to do the piercing. This piercing was first brought into the public eye in the early 1990s in Fakir Musafar's Body Play, in the same issue that also showcased the Industrial Piercing, the Apadydoe, and a large gauge conch piercing.
Fakir Musafar noted: "The Daith piercing was co-created in 1992 by Erik Dakota and a Jewish woman piercing client with a metaphysical bent. ... A true Daith must be done in such a way that the bottom part of the ring appears to come directly out of the ear canal. If one can see both the entrance and exit hole of the ring, it is not a true Daith. The technique for this piercing is quite advanced, requires a specifically curved needle and was devised by Erik Dakota."
# Salmonby

Salmonby is a village in the civil parish of Tetford, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north-east from Horncastle, 10 miles (16 km) south from Louth and 8 miles (13 km) north-west from Spilsby. Salmonby lies within the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Tetford lies to the north-east and Somersby to the south.
The parish covers about 1,000 acres (4.0 km$^2$), and contains a chalybeate spring, whose waters eventually join the Steeping River near Spilsby.

## History

An upper palaeolithic core (a piece of flint which has been repeatedly used to flake material in order to make flint tools) was found near Salmonby. The core was in good condition and has been dated at 50,000 - 10,000 years old. The area was a source of blue phosphate of iron and a great deal of iron oxide ore.
Salmonby Church, dedicated to St Margaret, was a medieval construction, largely rebuilt in 1871. It was closed and deconsecrated in 1973, then demolished in 1978, with only a small wooden gate leading to the churchyard, and a few photographs, remaining:
In 1971 the civil parish had a population of 58. On 1 April 1987 the parish was abolished and merged with Tetford.

## Community

The village has a public house, the Cross Keys Inn & Restaurant, fishing lakes, cottages and a Caravan Club CL site. There is a picnic area at a nearby sandstone cliff wall; the wall has carved reliefs of unknown origin or age.

### Tetford and Salmonby Scarecrow Festival

Tetford and Salmonby hold an annual weekend Scarecrow Festival. Villagers build scarecrows modelled on TV and film personalities, historic and contemporary figures and fictional icons, and display them outside their houses each year during May. A Scarecrow Trail is just over 1 mile (1.6 km) away. The event raises funds for Tetford church and local charities.
# Navy Street station

The Navy Street station was a station on the demolished BMT Myrtle Avenue Line in Brooklyn, New York City. It had 2 tracks and 1 island platform. The station opened on April 10, 1888 for the Myrtle Avenue Elevated trains. In 1891, the station also began serving Lexington Avenue Elevated trains by 1891. A segment of the Lexington Avenue Line once turned north from here onto Hudson Avenue and York Street on its way to the Fulton Ferry until 1904, when Lexington and Fifth Avenue trains were redirected along Myrtle Avenue west of this station. It closed on October 4, 1969, after a fire on the elevated structure. The next stop to the north was Vanderbilt Avenue. The next stop to the south was Bridge–Jay Streets.
# 2005 Tarapacá earthquake

The 2005 Tarapacá earthquake occurred on June 13 at 22:44:33 UTC (18:44:33 local time). Its epicenter was located near Mamiña, in northern Chile about 125 km east-northeast of Iquique, affecting the Tarapacá Region and adjacent parts of Bolivia. It had a magnitude of M$_w$ 7.8 and a maximum felt intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale.

## Tectonic setting

Chile lies above the destructive plate boundary, where the Nazca Plate is being subducted beneath the South American Plate. In the Tarapacá region the plates converge at a rate of 78 mm per year. This boundary is associated with many large earthquakes, both along the plate interface and within the downgoing slab (Nazca Plate).

## Earthquake

The earthquake was an intermediate-depth event, with a hypocentral depth of 115.6 km. The focal mechanism shows that this was a normal fault event, within the subducted Nazca Plate. Finite-fault modelling of the earthquake suggests that the fault plane responsible dips to the west at about 15°.

## Damage

The greatest damage occurred in northern Chile, although parts of southern Peru and western Bolivia were also affected. The earthquake triggered many landslides, blocking roads and hindering relief efforts. 550 houses were completely destroyed, with at least a further 9,350 damaged. Adobe houses on the plateau in the Andes were particularly badly affected, with more than 80% destroyed in some villages. Eleven people were killed and at least a further 200 injured.

## Aftermath

Initial efforts concentrated on repairing infrastructure affected by the earthquake. By June 2006 the government reported that most of the repairs to roads and irrigation canals was complete, but that, although work had started on repairing houses and schools, more needed to be done.
The effects of this earthquake on pregnant women were used to investigate the effects of acute stress on child development. The results showed that amongst poorer families, children affected by the earthquake in utero were at least six months behind in cognitive development seven years later compared to their peers in a control group in areas unaffected by the earthquake.
# Justin "Buck" Buchanan

Justin "Buck" Buchanan is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Hendrix College, a position he has held since 2013 where he rebooted a program that had been dormant since 1960.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Hendrix Warriors (Southern Athletic Association) (2013–2024) ||||||
| 2013 | Hendrix | 3–7 | 1–5 | 6th | |
| 2014 | Hendrix | 5–4 | 3–3 | T–3rd | |
| 2015 | Hendrix | 8–3 | 7–1 | 1st | L NCAA Division III First Round |
| 2016 | Hendrix | 7–3 | 5–3 | 4th | |
| 2017 | Hendrix | 8–2 | 6–2 | 3rd | |
| 2018 | Hendrix | 2–8 | 1–7 | 9th | |
| 2019 | Hendrix | 7–3 | 5–3 | 4th | |
| 2020–21 | Hendrix | 3–1 | 3–1 | T–2nd | |
| 2021 | Hendrix | 3–7 | 2–5 | T–5th | |
| 2022 | Hendrix | 3–7 | 2–5 | T–6th | |
| 2023 | Hendrix | 3–7 | 3–5 | T–5th | |
| 2024 | Hendrix | 4–6 | 2–5 | T–5th | |
| Hendrix Warriors (Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference) (2025–present) ||||||
| 2025 | Hendrix | 0–0 | 0–0 | | |
| Hendrix: | Hendrix: | 56–58 | 40–45 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 56–58 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis

Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis is a real-time strategy video game developed by Creative Edge Software and published by Ubi Soft for Microsoft Windows in 2002.

## Gameplay

Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis is a real-time strategy game.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 59/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| 4Players | 53% |
| AllGame | |
| Computer Gaming World | |
| Game Informer | 7.5/10 |
| GameSpot | 5.6/10 |
| GameSpy | 62% |
| GameZone | 7.2/10 |
| IGN | 7.5/10 |
| PC Gamer (US) | 55% |
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
# Bagh-e Pir, Alborz

Bagh-e Pir (Persian: باغ پير) is a village in Garmdarreh Rural District of the Central District in Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 208 in 57 households, when it was in Tehran province. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 94 in 33 households, by which time the county had separated from the province in the establishment of Alborz province. Shahrak-e Taleqani was the most populous village in its rural district.
# David Richardson (physicist)

David John Richardson (born 1964) is a British optoelectronics researcher and fellow of both the Royal Society (FRS) and the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). He is currently a Partner Researcher at Microsoft, based in Romsey, UK, where he leads research on hollow core optical fiber technology—an approach that guides light through an air-filled core rather than conventional solid glass. Before joining Microsoft, he spent 34 years at the Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) at the University of Southampton. While at the ORC, he served as Professor, Deputy Director, and Head of the Fibre and Laser Group, making significant contributions to advanced optical fibre and laser research.

## Education

Richardson was educated at St George’s Roman Catholic School, Southampton and Taunton’s College. He completed his Bachelor of Science degree and PhD in Physics at the University of Sussex in 1989.

## Career and research

Richardson is a pioneer in the field of photonics, best known for his work on fibre optics and their applications. He has played a leading role in developing techniques to scale the data-carrying capacity of future optical communication networks to keep up with society's demand for ever increasing internet bandwidth. He has developed optical fibres of high performance – capable, for example, of transmitting large quantities of data across the internet at high speed.
Richardson was also one of the first to demonstrate the potential of compact, flexible, pulsed fibre lasers operating over a broad range of powers, pulse durations and wavelengths. Over many years he has extended the performance limits of fibre lasers, making them strong contenders to conventional lasers and contributing to their commercial success. His work extends to fibres capable of delivering kilowatts of optical power for manufacturing with lasers.
# Now! (Bobby Hutcherson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| Tom Hull | B− |
Now! is an album by jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson, released on the Blue Note label. The album is the first of Hutcherson's to feature vocals, contributed by Gene McDaniels and a chorus. The CD reissue includes four tracks recorded live at the Hollywood Bowl, in 1977.

## Track listing

Original tracks
* "Slow Change" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 7:17
* "Hello to the Wind" (Chambers, McDaniels) - 5:59
* "Now" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 2:46
* "The Creators" (Herbie Lewis) - 12:35
* "Black Heroes" (Harold Land) - 7:06
Additional live tracks on CD (2004)
* "Slow Change" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 5:05
* "Now" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 2:49
* "Hello to the Wind" (Chambers, McDaniels) - 3:08
* "Now" [Reprise] (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 1:43

## Personnel

Tracks 2–3
* Bobby Hutcherson - vibraphone, marimba
* Harold Land - tenor saxophone
* Kenny Barron - piano
* Wally Richardson - guitar
* Herbie Lewis - bass
* Joe Chambers - drums
* Candido Camero - congas
* Gene McDaniels- lead vocals
* Hilda Harris, Albertine M. Robinson, Christine Spencer - backing vocals
Recorded at A & R Studios, New York on October 3, 1969.
Tracks 1, 4–5
* Bobby Hutcherson - vibes
* Harold Land - tenor saxophone
* Stanley Cowell - piano, electric piano
* Wally Richardson - guitar
* Herbie Lewis - bass
* Joe Chambers - drums
* Candido Camero - congas, bongo
* Gene McDaniels - lead vocals
* Eileen Gilbert, Christine Spencer, Maeretha Stewart - backing vocals
Recorded at A & R Studios, New York on November 5, 1969.
Tracks 6–9
* Bobby Hutcherson - vibes
* Manny Boyd - tenor sax, soprano sax
* George Cables - piano
* James Leary - bass
* Eddie Marshall - drums
* Bobbye Hall Porter - percussion
* Dale Oehler - arranger
* Los Angeles Philharmonic conducted by Calvin Simmons
Recorded live at the Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles on August 13, 1977.
# Lawrence Sklar

Lawrence Sklar (June 25, 1938 – 2024) was an American philosopher. He was the Carl G. Hempel and William K. Frankena Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan.

## Education and career

Sklar was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1938 and educated at Oberlin College (B.A., 1954–1958) and Princeton University (M.A., Ph.D., 1959–1964) where he worked with Hilary Putnam.
He worked at Swarthmore College from 1962 to 1966, first as an instructor and then as an assistant professor. He then worked as an assistant professor at Princeton University until 1968. After 1968, he worked at the University of Michigan, where he was a Distinguished University Professor Emeritus.
He held visiting professorships at the University of Illinois (1963), the University of Pennsylvania (1968), Harvard University (1970), UCLA (1973) and Wayne State University (1977).

## Philosophical work

He specialized in the philosophy of physics, approaching a wide range of issues from a position best described as highly skeptical of many of the metaphysical conclusions commonly drawn in the physical sciences. He advocated the 'MIMO' (metaphysics in, metaphysics out) principle, claiming that much of the metaphysical content of interpreted theories in the special sciences arises from metaphysical assumptions made during their formulation.

## Personal life

While at Swarthmore, Sklar met and married Swarthmore undergraduate Elizabeth Sherr Sklar, who would later become an English professor at Wayne State University. Their daughter is mathematician Jessica Sklar.

## Awards and honors

* Sigma Xi
* Phi Beta Kappa, 1957
* Physics and Chance selected by Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries as Outstanding Academic Book in philosophy of science for 1995
* Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* John Locke Lectureship in Philosophy, 1998, Oxford University
* President, American Philosophical Association, Central Division, 2000–01
* President, Philosophy of Science Association, 2007–08

## Selected publications

* Space, Time and Spacetime (University of California Press, 1974) (awarded the Matchette Prize from the American Philosophical Association as the outstanding philosophical book for 1973–74)
* Philosophy and Spacetime Physics (University of California Press, 1985)
* Philosophy of Physics (Oxford University Press, 1992)
* Physics and Chance: Philosophical Issues in the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, 1993) (awarded the Lakatos Award in philosophy of science for 1995)
* Theory and Truth: Philosophical Critique Within Foundational Science (Oxford University Press, 2000) (based on the John Locke Lectures at Oxford)
* Philosophy and the Foundations of Dynamics (Cambridge University Press, 2013)