OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Robins

David Nathan Robins (17 November 1944 – 6 October 2007) was a British journalist, author, and sociologist who was closely associated with the 1960s and 70s counter-culture. Later he became involved in youth work and write several books on youth culture in Britain.

## Early life and family

Robins was born on 17 November 1944. He was brought up in Willesden, north London. His father was a former boxer turned barber. His mother was a communist. He was educated at Kilburn grammar school and then studied English at University College London. He married the Canadian art historian Anna Gruetzner Robins.

## 1960s counter-culture

In the mid-1960s, through a chance meeting with Barry Miles, Robins became an editor at the underground newspaper IT. He participated in the 1968 student rebellion in Paris and then became enthused with the situationists in London.

## Youth work

In the 1970s, Robins became concerned that disaffected young people were moving towards far right causes and began to take a serious interest in them, beginning to write books on the subject and in the 1980s working with The Prince's Trust.

## Death

Robins died on 6 October 2007. He was survived by his wife and his two children Daniel and Sophie.

## Selected publications

* Knuckle sandwich: Growing up in the working class city. Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1978. (with Philip Cohen) ISBN 9780140219777
* We hate humans. Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1984. ISBN 9780140070620
* Just punishment. Gloucester Press, London, 1990. ISBN 9780531172520
* Sport as prevention: The role of sport in crime prevention programmes aimed at young people: A report. Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, 1990. ISBN 9780947811037
* Tarnished vision: Crime and conflict in the inner city. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992. ISBN 9780198257516
* Cool rules: Anatomy of an attitude. Reaktion Books, 2000. (With Dick Pountain) ISBN 978-1861890719
# Public holidays in Kuwait

    This is a list of holidays in Kuwait. Some dates given are according to the solar Gregorian calendar widely used internationally and some dates are according to the lunar Islamic calendar.
Public holidays in Kuwait :
| Day | Holiday |
| 1 January | New Year's Day |
| 25 February | National Day |
| 26 February | Liberation Day |
| 1 Muharram | Islamic New Year |
| 12 Rabi' al-Awwal | The Prophet's Birthday |
| 27 Rajab | The Prophet's Ascension |
| 1 to 3 Shawwal | Eid al-Fitr |
| 9 Dhul-Hujja | Arafat Day |
| 10 to 13 Dhul-Hujja | Eid al-Adha |
# Luis María Díaz De Otazu

Luis María Díaz De Otazu Galarza (born 11 August 1966) is a Spanish former professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1995 Tour de France.
# Salame ticinese

Salame ticinese (also called salame nostrano) is a variety of salami originating in Ticino, the southernmost region of Switzerland. It is characterized by coarsely ground meat, and it is often made into small sausages, called salametti. It is an emblematic air-dried cured pork meat of Ticino, along with prosciutto crudo and coppa. These are referred to as salumi.
For the production of salami, first choice meats are used. They are selected from the shoulder, nut, thigh, and bacon trimmings. The lard is extracted from the fatty tissue of the back and cut into cubes. The meat is coarsely minced and seasoned with salt, saltpeter, pepper, spices and sometimes garlic and wine. The maturation of the salami can last, depending on the size, from a month up to a year or more. For the salametti instead, it takes only 8–10 days.
Centuries ago, when peasants ate meat only a few times per year, salami was a luxurious product. It was not made for consumption but for sale, and it was a source of income. In the 18th century, wealthy families would hang cured meats from the bedroom ceiling, and among these, salami. In a text written in 1767, Descrizione del baliaggio di Locarno (lit. 'Description of the bailiwick of Locarno'), salami is described among other luxury foods: salsiccia affettata e cruda, detta salammi (lit. 'sliced and raw sausage, called salami').
Salami was homemade until the 1970s, especially in rural contexts. The traditional slaughtering of the pig in Ticino is called mazza. Today, salami is a very popular consumer product in both Ticino and Switzerland, and it is made in large meat factories. Rapelli is the largest manufacturer in the country. In addition to pork salami, horse, donkey, deer, and wild boar salami are also produced. Local specialties include salami matured in the medieval Castles of Bellinzona.
# Ido (name)

Ido is both a given name and a surname of Hebrew origin. Notable people with the name include:

## Biblical prophet

* Iddo$^1$, a minor biblical prophet from the Books of Chronicles in the Old Testament.
    $^1$ Note that because this is a Hebrew or Japanese name transliterated into English, there is no difference between Iddo and Ido.

## Given name

* Ido Abram (1940-2019), Dutch educationist
* Ido Bachelet, Israeli musician and scientist
* Ido Drent (born 1987), New Zealand actor
* Ido Exbard (born 1988), Israeli footballer
* Ido Kedar, autistic activist
* Ido Kozikaro (born 1978), Israeli basketball player
* Ido Levy (footballer) (born 1990), Israeli footballer
* Ido Mosseri (born 1978), Israeli actor
* Ido Nehoshtan (born 1957), Israeli military commander
* Ido Pariente (born 1978), Israeli martial artist
* Ido Tako (born 2001), Israeli actor
* Ido Zelkovitz (born 1979), Israeli historian

## Surname

* Chihiro Idō (井道 千尋, born 1988), Japanese shogi player
* Jacky Ido (born 1977), Burkinabe-born French film actor
* Reizan Idō (1859–1935), Japanese writer
* Toshizō Ido (born 1945), governor of Hyōgo Prefecture in Japan
* Victor Ido (1869–1948), main alias of Indo (Eurasian) Dutch language writer and journalist Hans van de Wall
# Crypthonia divaricatica

Crypthonia divaricatica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. It is only known to occur in its type locality in Mexico, where it grows on oak in mountainous forests.

## Taxonomy

Crypthonia divaricatica was described as a new species in 2014 by the Dutch lichenologists André Aptroot and Harrie Sipman. The type specimen was collected in Mexico, in the state of Chiapas, within Lagunas de Montebello National Park at Paso del Soldado. It was found growing on the bark of Quercus sapotifolia at an elevation of 1,500 m (4,900 ft). The specimen was gathered on 29 November 1994 by J. Wolf and Sipman (collection number 2124). The holotype is deposited at the Berlin Herbarium (B). The species epithet divaricatica alludes to the presence of divaricatic acid, a characteristic secondary metabolite found in this lichen.

## Description

Crypthonia divaricatica is a crustose lichen with a continuous, non-corticate thallus that has a pale mineral-greenish colouration. Its thallus is relatively thin, measuring about 0.3–0.5 mm in thickness, and is composed of loosely arranged, fluffy granules about 0.2 mm in diameter. Its surface is highly irregular and rests on a continuous to somewhat filamentous white hypothallus, which extends outward as a white prothallus. The lichen contains trentepohlioid algae, a type of green alga known for its orange to reddish pigments due to the presence of carotenoids.
The reproductive structures of C. divaricatica are rounded and flat, appearing whitish and not rising above the surface of the thallus. These structures range from 1.0 to 1.6 mm in diameter and are 0.2–0.5 mm high. Inside, the interascal tissue consists of a network of interconnected, thread-like paraphysoids that turn blue when stained with iodine (IKI+). The asci, which contain the spores, are abundant, transparent, and pear-shaped, measuring 45–73 by 35–50 μm, with a thickened upper wall of about 10 μm. Each ascus holds eight ascospores, which are hyaline (colourless), broadly club-shaped, and divided by 5 to 9 septa. These spores are relatively large, measuring 20–27 by 95–125 μm. The uppermost cell is the largest (macrocephalic), while the lowermost cell is also slightly enlarged compared to the intermediate cells. No pycnidia, the asexual reproductive structures, have been observed in this species.
Chemical analysis of C. divaricatica reveals the presence of divaricatic acid and usnic acid. When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, both the thallus and the reproductive structures fluoresce white, while standard chemical spot tests (C, P, and K) yield negative results.
# Aberbeeg

Aberbeeg (Welsh: Aber-bîg) is a village which lies in both Blaenau Gwent and Caerphilly County Borough, in Wales, within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire. It is part of the community of Llanhilleth. The two main tributaries of the Ebbw River, the Ebbw Fawr and Ebbw Fach converge at Aberbeeg.
Nearby are the villages of Llanhilleth and Six Bells, where the former colliery allowed the whole community to thrive as part of the South Wales coalfield community.
Today, one of the most prominent sights in Aberbeeg area is the grade II* listed St. Illtyd's parish church, which is thought to have been built in the late 5th century, and underwent extensive renovation over the last 200 years. After closing in 1962, the church was privately acquired in 1984. It has now returned to public ownership and is now open to visitors. The friends of St. Illtyd help Blaenau Gwent look after the building.
Aberbeeg railway station closed on 30 April 1962. The Ebbw Valley Railway re-opened in February 2008. A bus service between Aberbeeg and Llanhilleth, the nearest railway station on the line, runs every hour.
It is named after the Nant Big (also spelled Nant Bîg), a small stream that flows into the Ebbw Fawr river approximately half-a-mile upstream from the confluence of the Ebbw Fawr and Ebbw Fach. The term "bîg" (later "beeg") in the Welsh name, is derived from the Welsh term "pig", meaning a beak or spout, which may refer to a spot where the small stream emerges.

## In popular culture

In the TV series Fresh Meat one of the lead characters, Josie (Kimberley Nixon), states she is from Aberbeeg.
# Piekary, Środa Śląska County

Piekary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Udanin, within Środa Śląska County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Dr. Mekam

Dr. Mekam is a 2018 Nollywood movie directed by Ike Nnaebue, co-produced by Oby Olebara Uzoukwu and Phil Erabie .

## Plot

The story is of a Doctor called Dr. Mekam who returns home from abroad after service as a doctor. He comes back to Nigeria to become the president but later realises that the path to take to become a president is not an easy one.

## Cast

Cast list
* Uche Jombo
* Kalu Ikeagwu
* Seun Akindele
* Yemi Blaq
* Oby Olebara Uzoukwu
* Gloria Anozieyoung
* Chika Chukwu
* Emeka Okoye
* Eric Obinna
* Eva Appiah
# Piersno, Trzebnica County

Piersno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzebnica, within Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Reform of French universities

The Reform of French universities is an extensive overhaul of the French public higher education system. The reform was initiated by Nicolas Sarkozy soon after his election as President of France, in line with his campaign policies. His government passed the bill, Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities in 2007. Its intent was to allow universities more financial autonomy, while reducing the need for government funding. The reform programme was modified by the subsequent François Hollande government in 2013, with the introduction of the Law on Higher Education and Research. The new law aimed to rationalise the geographic coverage of higher education courses and research areas, encouraging merging of some institutions. National limits on certain professional and technical degrees were introduced, along with measures that permitted greater selectivity of students, in alignment with high school academic achievement. Most recently, the "Law on Orientation and Academic Success" was enacted in 2018, extending the measures begun by the Hollande reform.
# Adkinson

Adkinson is an English patronymic surname derived from a diminutive form Adkin for Adam. Notable people with the surname include:
* Joseph B. Adkinson (1892–1965), American Medal of Honor recipient
* Mary Osburn Adkinson (1843–1918), American social reformer
# Abundant life (disambiguation)

Abundant life is a term used primarily in Christianity.
Abundant life may also refer to:

## Organizations

* Abundant Life Church, a Christian neocharismatic church based in Bradford, England
* Abundant Life Lutheran Church, a church in East St. Paul, Manitoba, Canada established by Julius Fahr
* Kaitaia Abundant Life School, a Christian school in New Zealand
* Abundant Life Christian Academy, a co-educational private school in Sherwood, Arkansas
* Abundant Life Christian School, a Christian school in Madison, Wisconsin
* Abundant Life Christian School, a school in La Unión, Lempira, Honduras
* Abundant Life Christian School, a Christian school in Wilmington, Massachusetts
* Abundant Life Broadcasting, former owner of television station K20JX-D

## The arts

* "Abundant Life", a song by BeBe Winans
* "The More Abundant Life", an episode of America: A Personal History of the United States
* The Abundant Life, a program of the Eternal Word Television Network
* The Abundant Life, a 1908 book by Rufus Jones
# 401

Year 401 (CDI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vincentius and Fravitus (or, less frequently, year 1154 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 401 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Arcadius sends many gifts to the Hunnic chieftain Uldin, in appreciation of his victory over the Goths and Gainas. Arcadius then allies himself with the Huns.
* Piracy is committed by slave-traders from Galatia (Anatolia), along the coasts of Africa.
* The old Legio II Adiutrix, part of which had always been stationed at Aquincum (modern Budapest), is divided into two comitatenses, and shipped to Britannia.
* Stilicho, Roman general (magister militum), leads his army in an extensive campaign against the Vandals in Rhaetia (Switzerland).
* The Temple of Artemis near Selçuk in Ephesus is dismantled.
* November 18 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy.
* Emperor Honorius begins to use the city of Ravenna as a temporary center for certain administrative and military functions. The city is chosen because of its proximity to the bulk of the Western Roman army and due to the fact that its relative poverty makes it a less tempting target for barbarian invaders than cities such as Rome or Milan. This event is often misinterpreted as the establishment of Ravenna as a capital. In reality, the capital of the Western Roman Empire was not truly established at Ravenna until 408.

#### Black Sea

* The Chronicon Pachale (Paschal Chronicle) reports that the Black Sea is completely frozen.

#### China

* Kumarajiva, Kuchean Buddhist monk, arrives in Chang'an and begins translating Buddhist texts into Chinese.

### By topic
#### Religion

* December 19 – Pope Anastasius I dies at Rome after a 2-year reign, and is succeeded by Innocent I as the 40th pope proclaiming his universal power over the whole of Christendom.
* The Mahabharata, an Indian Sanskrit epic, is finalised.

## Births

* April 10 – Theodosius II, Roman emperor (d. 450)
* Aelia Eudocia, Roman empress and wife of Theodosius II (approximate date)
* Leo I, Byzantine Emperor (d. 474)

## Deaths

* December 19 – Pope Anastasius I
* Duan Ye, prince of the Chinese state Northern Liang
* Lü Zuan, emperor of the Di state Later Liang
* Murong Sheng, emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan (b. 373)
* Empress Yang, wife of Lü Zuan
# Etelvina Villanueva y Saavedra

Etelvina Villanueva y Saavedra (1897–1969) was a Bolivian educator, feminist organizer, writer, and poet.
In 1923, Maria Luisa Sanchez Bustamente de Uricoste organized the first feminist group in Bolivia El Ateneo Femenino with the goals of attaining civil and political equality as well as furthering their artistic growth. Charter members were artists, journalists, teachers and writers and included Leticia Antezana de Alberti, Elvira Benguria, Fidelia Corral de Sánchez, Marina Lijerón (who would later marry to Betachini), Julia Reyes Ortiz de Cañedo, Ema Alina Palfray, Emma Pérez de Carvajal, María Josefa Saavedra, Ana Rosa Tornero de Bilbao la Vieja, Ana Rosa Vásquez, and Etelvina Villanueva y Saavedra. They organized their own journal "Eco Femenino". From its inception, Tornero ran the magazine printing literary submissions and articles on feminism.
In the 1930s, Villanueva y Saavedra founded another important feminist group, Legión Femenina de Educación Popular de America (Feminine Legion for American Popular Education). This group sought to improve the status of women, regardless of social class, by advocating for changes in the legal code. They provided assistance to the poor and defended unwed mothers and children. They were able to do this because they argued that they were “natural” mothers and so this was a form of mothering but on a higher level and with a new term, "social mothering." In addition to this, the organization allowed Bolivian women to enter the international feminist debates.
# Abercairny

Abercairny is an estate in the Scottish region of Perth and Kinross. It had the distinction of a short visit by Queen Victoria on 12 September 1842, when she wished to see the mansion house, then under construction. The estate, owned by the Murray (or Morays) family since the 13th century, is 4 miles (6 kilometres) east of Crieff. It is included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.
# SS Gari

SS Bekulan was the third ship of the seven B-class oil tankers. She was previously known as Gari. She is named after the bekulan, a species of fish found in Brunei and Malaysia.

## Development

B-class oil tankers were built by Chantiers de l'Atlantique, France in 1972 to 1975. They served Gaz de France for around 14 years, the B-class vessels were acquired and delivered to BST in December 1986. Previously referred to as the G-class vessels chartered under Shell Tankers United Kingdom (STUK). They continued to provide reliable service to the company and its client especially BLNG. Four out of the seven BST vessels are crewed by a full Bruneian crew with the exception of senior management; a feat yet to be achieved but not impossible.
All B-class vessels have an average cargo capacity of 75,000 m$^3$ (470,000 bbl) and are certified with the 'Green Passport' for the safe carriage of all hazardous materials on board. All B-class oil tankers were taken out of service in 2011. They are all steam powered.

## Construction and career

SS Gari was ordered in 1972 and completed in 1973. The vessel entered service in 1973 and was taken out of service to be sold in 1986.
In August 1980, off Okinawa, Japan, Gari received a distress call from a Soviet Russian Echo-class submarine. The crew of Gari moved to the and assist the submarine. The submarine ran into problem with its engine and was dead in the water. The Russian Embassy in Tokyo expressed its thanks to the crew of Gari.
In 1986, Brunei Shell acquired Gari and renamed her Bekulan. Throughout her career she routinely traveled between Brunei and Japan carrying oil. On 7 April 2011, Bekulan was delivered to Jiangyin Ship Recycling, China for scrapping.

## Gallery

* SS Gari & SS Bekulan Gallery
* Two telegrams to SS Gari regarding the incident in August 1980 aiding a Soviet submarine in distress.
* Newspaper/magazine clipping covering the incident in August 1980 when a Soviet submarine was aided by SS Gari, relaying the words of the Russian Naval Attache in thanks to the crew.
# Little Red Book (disambiguation)

The Little Red Book (Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung) is a book of quotations widely distributed during China's Cultural Revolution.
Little Red Book may also refer to:
* The Little Red Book (Alcoholics Anonymous), a study guide
* "Little Red Book" (The Mentalist), a 2011 television episode
* Xiaohongshu, a Chinese social media and e-commerce platform created in 2013
# Morgan Ahmed Morgan

Morgan Ahmed Morgan is an Egyptian comedy film, made in 2007, written by Youssef Maati, directed by Ali Idris, produced and distributed by Good News. The film stars Adel Emam, Mervat Amin, Sharif Salama, Basma Ahmed, Ahmed El Saadany, Amr Abdel Aziz, Ahmed Mekki, Mohammed Shoman and Youssef Dawood, The film is the third production of the Good News production company, budgeting 27 million Egyptian pounds. The plot was adapted from the American movie Back to School.

## Plot

The film is in the form of a satirical comedy. It is a mix of Arab societal problems such as the issue of education, the problems of young university students, the elections, and simple trading. The central character, Morgan Ahmed Morgan (Adel Imam), a successful businessman, has very good relations with many important figures, but suffers from a lack of knowledge due to his incomplete education, which is the only thing that cannot be hidden or purchased with his fortune and influence. His children convince him that he needs to study, and after a period of rejecting their offers, he agrees and joins the same university they attend, beginning a new phase of his life. He deals with the university with the logic of a businessman who is keen on making financial gains and contracting deals.
When Morgan enters the university, he does not become an isolated student but instead participates in a lot of activities, and initiates investment projects with the university administration as a professional businessman. His influence grows throughout all of the different student sectors; for example, he becomes the president of the drama club and the captain of the football team and maintains close contact with all the students, regardless of whether they belong to liberal or radical extremist groups.
The film deals with the issue of nomination for the parliamentary elections, as Morgan seeks to run for parliament in order to obtain immunity to protect his business excesses and interests. His rival in the elections is a university-educated professor, Jeyhan (Mervat Amin). His children love her and back her against him in the election campaign. However, Morgan wins, illustrating the extent to which power can be bought or attained through the use of unfair tactics by those who do not deserve it.
Family problems between Morgan and his children arise when he cheats on his first exam because he did not study. His daughter Alia (Basma Ahmad) is disappointed in him, saying “we are not honored that you are our father.” He then slaps his daughter across the face, and she goes into psychological shock. Morgan comes to his senses and reconciles with his children, deciding to finish his studies. After receiving his degree, he proposes to Professor Jeyhan Murad, a long running unrequited love interest since he joined the university, but who only sees him as a life partner when he earns his degree. Everybody has a price.

## Reception

In 2012, the actor Adel Imam was found guilty of defaming Islam with his role in this film, by mocking Muslim symbols like beards and the jilbab.
# The Memoirs of an Amnesiac

The Memoirs of an Amnesiac is the autobiography of composer, radio, and television personality Oscar Levant. Published in 1965 by G. P. Putnam's Sons, it a best-seller, following a quarter-century after his first book, A Smattering of Ignorance.
Levant intersperses his reminisces about Hollywood in its heyday with one-liners and pithy quotes by himself and others.
# Piotrkosice

Piotrkosice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milicz, within Milicz County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.