OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mukařov (Prague-East District)

Mukařov is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,900 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Mukařov consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Mukařov (1,111)
* Srbín (1,407)
* Žernovka (386)

## Etymology

The village was named after Knight Mukar, who is its probable founder.

## Geography

Mukařov is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Prague. It lies in the Benešov Uplands. The highest point is at 469 m (1,539 ft) above sea level. The Výmola Stream originates here and supplies the fishpond Návesní rybník. The second pond in the territory of Mukařov is Požár, supplied by the stream Jevanský potok.

## History

After 1158, King Vladislaus II donated the area of today's Mukařov to Knight Mukar, but evidence of the existence of the village does not appear in the following centuries. The first written mention of Mukařov is from 1352, when it was part of the Tehov estate. In 1513, the Tehov estate with Mukařov was bought by the Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk family and was annexed to the Černý Kostelec estate. From that time until the establishment of an independent municipality, it shared the fate and owners with Kostelec. During the Thirty Years' War, the region was badly damaged and was only slowly restored.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 412 | — |
| 1880 | 441 | +7.0% |
| 1890 | 447 | +1.4% |
| 1900 | 442 | −1.1% |
| 1910 | 521 | +17.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 610 | +17.1% |
| 1930 | 698 | +14.4% |
| 1950 | 782 | +12.0% |
| 1961 | 938 | +19.9% |
| 1970 | 932 | −0.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,033 | +10.8% |
| 1991 | 995 | −3.7% |
| 2001 | 1,232 | +23.8% |
| 2011 | 2,196 | +78.2% |
| 2021 | 2,904 | +32.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Economy

Mukařov is known for a granite quarry.

## Transport

The I/2 road from Prague to Kutná Hora and Pardubice passes through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Mukařov is the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. A Gothic church with Baroque modifications was demolished in 1890 and the current church was built in the neo-Gothic style on its site in 1890–1893. It was built from granite that was quarried in the territory of Mukařov.
# Salvino (horse)

Salvino (born on April 30, 2007) was formerly a horse ridden for the United States by Adrienne Lyle. Salvino and Lyle won several medals.

## Early life

Salvino was born on April 30, 2007. Salvino was moved to Spain and had joined a competition as a five-year old.

## Career

Lyle and Salvino was in the USA team at the 2018 World Equestrian Games in Tryon. Lyle and Salvino won team silver.
On February 8 2024, Salvino had a colic. Because of this, Adrienne Lyle had to go out of competition for a temporary amount of time.
Lyle and Salvino got went to the U.S.A. team for the 2022 World Championships in Herning. Lyle and Salvino was named for the US International Equestrian Athlete of the Year 2022.

## Retirement

On April 4 2024, Salvino was retired by Betsy Juliano. Salvino, a Hanoverian horse, is now a breeding stallion in Wellington and Colorado.
# Walaha Airport

Walaha Airport is an airport in Walaha, Vanuatu (IATA: WLH, ICAO: NVSW).

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Vanuatu | Luganville, Port Vila |
# Richard Dighton

Richard Dighton (1795 in London – 13 April 1880 in London), was an English artist in the Regency period, best known for his many satirical profile portraits of contemporary London celebrities and characters.
He was the son and apprentice of another noted caricaturist, Robert Dighton (1752–1814), and brother of the battle-scene painter Denis Dighton and of Robert Dighton junior. The works of Robert and Richard Dighton are regarded as predecessors of the Vanity Fair style of the late nineteenth century.
His series of City and West End portraits was started in 1817, and he published more than one hundred etchings during the next decade. From 1828 on he produced no further etchings and settled and worked in Cheltenham and Worcester where he spent the next twenty years, thereafter returning to London. He concentrated firstly on watercolour portraits and after 1835 on lithographic portraits.
Richard Dighton died of an 'enlarged prostate and Bright's disease' at 3 Elm Grove, Hammersmith on 13 April 1880 aged 84. His sons Richard junior and Joshua were also portraitists.
# Tage Møller

Tage Møller (14 March 1914 – 14 February 2006) was a Danish cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Saraswati Hi Tech City, Prayagraj

Saraswati Hi Tech City is a neighbourhood in Naini, Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The area lies between the limits of Prayagraj Municipality near Triveni Sangam river on NH 76. The Government of Uttar Pradesh is building a university named Allahabad State University, along with a library in Hi-tech city which also has a proposed stadium.
The project is led by Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation, on an area of 1,140 acres (460 hectares), and will have industrial areas, residential areas, parks and a museum. It will be 25 km (16 mi) from Prayagraj Airport and 13 km (8.1 mi) from Prayagraj Junction railway station. There will be 1,500 residential properties, including Type-A, Type-B and Type-C and the corresponding size for units is 250 square metres (2,700 sq ft), 200 square metres (2,200 sq ft) and 120 square metres (1,300 sq ft).
# Isla Santa Catalina side-blotched lizard

The Isla Santa Catalina side-blotched lizard (Uta squamata) is a species of lizard. It is endemic to Isla Santa Catalina in the Gulf of California, Mexico. This species of lizard can be as long as 2.2 inches.
# Petrosaurus repens

Petrosaurus repens is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. It is from the central Baja California Peninsula in northwestern Mexico.
# Ghaziabad, Pakistan

Ghazi Abad (Punjabi & Urdu: غازی آباد) is an emerging town of Chichawatni Tehsil in Punjab, Pakistan. It exists on the road head of Chichawatni-Burewala, connecting Karachi with Lahore and Islamabad.The famous personality and Numberdar of the area Adda Ghaziabad is Raja Kamran Kayani (grandson of Captain(R) Shahjahan Kayani).The other two numberdars of this town are Raja Imran Abbasi and Raja Toseef Zafar. Raja Gulsher Kayani (grandson of Captain(R) Shah Zaman Kayani) is also a known politician of Pakistan People's Party in the area. The main area is populated by Gakhhar-Kayani, Raja Abbasi and Chaudhary clans. The majority of people in chak no 21/11L hail from the Raja clan (برادری). This village is also called 21 Chak (Rajgaan) (Urdu: راجگان). The Kayani family has contributed land for a hospital in Ghaziabad for the poor that is still under construction.

## History

As per the District Gazetteer 1883–84, Sahiwal (earlier known as Montgomery and formally Gugera), the entire area was rarely populated; with nearly three thousand inhabitants in 1881 census. The current area was neither cultivated nor showed civilized shape until the mid-19th century. After World War I, British government gave award land to military veterans in the area keep the area under direct control, while bringing civilization in the area.
The area got a proper shape when the canal system was established after Indus Waters Treaty in 1962.

## Significance

The word Ghazi is associated with term Islamic Warrior, the name was given to the village due to military contributions of earlier and subsequent residents.

## Occupation

Most of villagers are dependent on agriculture, while a large number is associated with government and private services. Some labor are also found in bricks factory, however the number of these families are found less after government imposed restriction of child labor.

## Education

Due to its central location, the area is specially getting fame with respect to educational facilities. Besides government schools for boys and girls, it also offers a number of other private and government ventures like Franchise of Allied, Educator and Divisional Public School (DPS). The area also offer quality Islamic education in various small Madrasa, present in the form of Al-Qalam Institute.
# Peter Thomas (cricketer, born 1964)

Peter Dylan Thomas (born 22 August 1964) is a former English cricketer. Thomas was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Willesden, Middlesex.
Thomas made his debut for Bedfordshire in the 1990 Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1990 to 1995, which included 15 Minor Counties Championship matches and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1991 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he scored 4 runs before being dismissed by Richard Illingworth. He played a further List A match against Warwickshire in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he scored 4 runs before being dismissed by Roger Twose. With the ball, he took the wicket of Dominic Ostler, for the cost of 71 runs from 12 overs.
# Alluvial Wall

Alluvial Wall is an outdoor 2001 sculpture by Peter Nylen and the architectural firm Rigga located along the Eastbank Esplanade in Portland, Oregon.

## Description

The sculpture is made of mild steel, cast silicon bronze, cast iron and electric light, and measures 1 foot (0.30 m), 6 inches (15 cm) x 3 feet (0.91 m) x 13 feet (4.0 m), 6 inches (15 cm). It was funded by the City of Portland Development Commission's Percent for Art program.
According to the Regional Arts & Culture Council, which administers the work, Alluvial Wall "alludes to the interwoven layers of the river's pre-industrial alluvial geology. It is an echo of the natural shape of the river before Portland was Portland." In her walking tour of Portland, one author said the sculpture resembles "what you might see on a beach after the tide goes out". Its copper "kelp-like strips" are embedded with black metal objects, including a child's ball, a morel mushroom and a railroad spike.
The sculpture is one of four by Rigga along the esplanade; the others are Echo Gate and Stack Stalk by Ean Eldred and Ghost Ship by James Harrison. Alluvial Wall is part of the City of Portland and Multnomah County Public Art Collection courtesy of the Regional Arts & Culture Council.
# Lost Children

(The) Lost Children may refer to:

## Film and television

* Lost Children (1956 film), Czechoslovakia
* Lost Children (2005 film), a documentary about child soldiers
* The Lost Children (TV series), New Zealand
* The Lost Children, a 2024 Netflix documentary about the 2023 Colombia Amazon child rescue
* "The Lost Children", a 1983 episode of Dungeons and Dragons

## Other uses

* The Lost Children (album) by Disturbed (2011)
* "The Lost Children", a song from Michael Jackson's 2001 album Invincible
* The Lost Children (fairy tale)
# TGF beta receptor 1

Transforming growth factor beta receptor I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa) is a membrane-bound TGF beta receptor protein of the TGF-beta receptor family for the TGF beta superfamily of signaling ligands. TGFBR1 is its human gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene forms a heteromeric complex with type II TGF-β receptors when bound to TGF-β, transducing the TGF-β signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm. The encoded protein is a serine/threonine protein kinase. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Loeys–Dietz aortic aneurysm syndrome (LDS, LDAS).

## Interactions

TGF beta receptor 1 has been shown to interact with:
* Caveolin 1,
* Endoglin,
* FKBP1A,
* FNTA,
* Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1
* Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7,
* PPP2R2A,
* STRAP,
* TGF beta 1, and
* TGF beta receptor 2.

## Inhibitors

* GW-788388
* LY-2109761
* Galunisertib (LY-2157299)
* SB-431542
* SB-525334
* RepSox

## Animal studies

Defects are observed when the TGFBR-1 gene is either knocked-out or when a constitutively active TGFBR-1 mutant (that is active in the presence or absence of ligand) is knocked-in.
In mouse TGFBR-1 knock-out models, the female mice were sterile. They developed oviductal diverticula and defective uterine smooth muscle, meaning that uterine smooth muscle layers were poorly formed. Oviductal diverticula are small, bulging pouches located on the oviduct, which is the tube that transports the ovum from the ovary to the uterus. This deformity of the oviduct occurred bilaterally and resulted in impaired embryo development and impaired transit of the embryos to the uterus. Ovulation and fertilization still occurred in the knock-outs, however remnants of embryos were found in these oviductal diverticula.
In mouse TGFBR-1 knock-in models where a constitutively active TGFBR-1 gene is conditionally induced, the over-activation of the TGFBR-1 receptors lead to infertility, a reduction in the number of uterine glands, and hypermuscled uteri (an increased amount of smooth muscle in the uteri).
Research into how turning off the TGFBR-1 gene affects spinal cord development in mice led to the discovery that, when the gene is turned off, external genitalia instead form as two hind legs.
These experiments show that the TGFB-1 receptor plays a critical role in the function of the female reproductive tract. They also show that genetic mutations in the TGFBR-1 gene may lead to fertility issues in women.
# Ion-exchange membrane

An ion-exchange membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that transports certain dissolved ions, while blocking other ions or neutral molecules.
Ion-exchange membranes are therefore electrically conductive. They are often used in desalination and chemical recovery applications, moving ions from one solution to another with little passage of water.
Important examples of ion-exchange membranes include the proton-exchange membranes, that transport H$^+$ cations, and the anion exchange membranes used in certain alkaline fuel cells to transport OH$^−$ anions.

## Structure and composition

An ion-exchange membrane is generally made of organic or inorganic polymer with charged (ionic) side groups, such as ion-exchange resins. Anion-exchange membranes contain fixed cationic groups with predominantly mobile anions; because anions are the majority species, most of the conductivity is due to anion transport. The reverse holds for cation-exchange membranes.
The so-called heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes have low cost and a thicker composition with higher resistance and a rough surface that can be subject to fouling. Homogeneous membranes are more expensive, but have a thinner composition with lower resistance and a smooth surface, less susceptible to fouling. Homogeneous membrane surfaces can be modified to alter the membrane permselectivity to protons, monovalent ions, and divalent ions.

## Selectivity

The selectivity of an ion-exchange membrane is due to Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium and not due to physically blocking or electrostatically excluding specific charged species.
The selectivity to the transport of ions of opposite charges is called its permselectivity.

## Applications

Ion-exchange membranes are traditionally used in electrodialysis or diffusion dialysis by means of an electrical potential or concentration gradient, respectively, to selectively transport cationic and anionic species. When applied in an electrodialysis desalination process, anion- and cation-exchange membranes are typically arranged in an alternating pattern between two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) within the electrodialysis stack. A galvanic potential is supplied as a voltage generated at the electrodes.
A typical industrial electrodialysis stack consists of two chambers: a product-water chamber and a concentrate-reject chamber. During stack operation, salts are transferred from the product to the concentrate. As a result, the reject stream is concentrated up while the product stream is desalted.
Exemplary applications of ion-exchange membranes utilized in electrodialysis and EDR include seawater desalination, industrial wastewater treatment of highly scaling waters, food and beverage production, and other industrial wastewaters.
# China Youth Service & Recreation Center

China Youth Service & Recreation Center (神州青年服務社) is a Hong Kong pro-ROC organization founded in 1977. CYSRC aims to "Carrying for cross-strait relations, serving Hong Kong". Former President Lin Weitang said, "The new generation of Hong Kong people came across the Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth Flag during the march, and were interested in learning more about it, and eventually joined the organization."

## Policy

* Concern for national affairs: Promote exchanges between Taiwan and China, strive for the Three Principles of the People and the unification of China (cross-strait democratic unification); promote national education, commemorate the history of the Republic of China's war of resistance, and fight for compensation for Japan; carry forward the love of compatriots and support the education of our compatriots in northern Thailand.
* Promoting Hong Kong democracy movement: advocating civil rights education, fighting for universal suffrage in Hong Kong, and realizing that sovereignty rests with the people; supporting democratization in China, and voicing support for the vindication of the June 4 democracy movement.
* Serving the grassroots in the community: aiming to serve the Nanchang people and build a new community, paying attention to people's livelihoods and safeguarding their rights and interests, providing community and volunteer services, and promoting cultural and recreational educational activities for young people.
# John Doull

John Doull (November 1, 1878 – October 27, 1969) was a lawyer, judge and politician. He represented Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Conservative member from 1925 to 1933.
He was born in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, the son of James Doull (of the North British Society and the son of a Scottish immigrant, and Christina McLellan. He was educated in New Glasgow and at Dalhousie University, on the Board of Governors of which he was later to serve. He worked in his father's grocery business and then as a bookkeeper before returning to Dalhousie to study law. Doull was admitted to the Nova Scotia bar in 1910 and went on to practice in Glace Bay and New Glasgow. From 1914 to 1925, he was solicitor for the town of Trenton. Doull married Irene McGregor in 1916. He served in the province's Executive Council as minister without portfolio from 1928 to 1931 and Attorney General from 1931 to 1933. He was a judge in the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia from 1933 to 1961. Doull was also president of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. He died in Halifax. The naval engineer John Doull, the philosopher James Doull, and the musician Mary Doull, a scholar in French, were his children.
Doull published the following historical books:
* Angus McGillivray, D.D. (1938)
* A History of the Bible Society in Nova Scotia, 1813-1963 (1963)
* Sketches of the Attorney Generals of Nova Scotia, 1750-1926 (1964)
# Victory Songs

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| About.com | |
| Allmusic | |
| Metal Hammer | |
| Metal Storm | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
Victory Songs is the third studio album by Finnish folk metal band Ensiferum. It was released through Spinefarm on 23 March 2007 domestically, and on 20 April 2007 in the rest of the world. It is the band's first full-length album to feature new members Petri Lindroos, Sami Hinkka and Janne Parviainen, and the last to feature Meiju Enho.

## Personnel
### Band members

* Petri Lindroos – harsh vocals, guitars, banjo
* Markus Toivonen – guitars, clean vocals, acoustic & 12-string guitars, banjo, shaman drum, backing vocals
* Meiju Enho – keyboards
* Sami Hinkka – bass, clean vocals, harsh vocals on "Ahti"
* Janne Parviainen – drums, bodhran

### Session/guest musicians

* Johanna Vakkuri – flute
* Euge Valovirta – acoustic guitars
* Petri Prauda – bagpipes
* Vesa Vigman – mandolin, bouzouki, saz
* Kaisa Saari – tin whistle, recorder
* Aleksi Parviainen – additional lead vocals (on Deathbringer From the Sky), backing vocals
* Lassi Logren – nyckelharpa
* Timo Väänänen – kantele
* D.P. – backing harsh vocals
# Earltown

Earltown (Baile-an-Iarla) is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Colchester County.
The community is located 25 km north of the town of Truro on Route 311, on the north slope of the Cobequid Mountains.

## History

Earltown was included within the Philadelphia grant of 1765. European settlement commenced in 1813 as an extension of the Highland Scot settlements in Western Pictou County. The two earliest settlers were Angus Sutherland and Donald MacIntosh, natives of Rogart, Sutherland, Scotland, who had previously settled in Pictou County. In the following years they were joined by approximately 100 families who immigrated directly from the Sutherland, Ross and Caithness, Scotland.
The earliest name for the settlement was New Portugal, some of the settlers having fought in the Peninsular War. The name was subsequently changed to Earltown in honour of the Earl of Dalhousie. The name for the community can be traced to several Scottish settlers who came from the Earl of Sutherland's estate and located in northern Colchester County about 1816.
At its height in the late 1800s, the area boasted a population of 2,000 with most residents employed in farming and forestry.
The area currently has a population of approximately 250 residents.
# Olivier Milloud

Olivier Milloud (born 9 December 1975) is a retired French rugby union footballer, who last played for Stade Français in the Top 14. He has also played for the France national team, including being a part of their 2003 Rugby World Cup squad. He usually plays as a prop.
He made his international debut for France in a match against Romania on 28 May 2000. He had surgery on his ankle in 2003, though he recovered in time to be named in France's squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup. He played in five matches during the tournament in Australia. Although he did not play in the 2004 Six Nations Championship, he played three matches in 2005 and then played in France's summer and autumn internationals. He scored his first try for the France national team against Scotland on 17 March 2007 during the last match of the 2007 Six Nations Championship, which saw them win the title.