# List of wars in the Low Countries until 1560

This is a list of wars that occurred in the Low Countries until 1560.
* For subsequent wars in the north, see List of wars involving the Dutch Republic (1560–1795) and List of wars involving the Netherlands (1795–present).
* For subsequent wars in the south, see
** List of wars in the southern Low Countries (1560–1829)
** List of wars involving Belgium (1830–present)
** List of wars involving Luxembourg (1890–present).

## List

| Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents | Outcome |
| Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Outcome |
| 58 BCE | 50 BCE | Gallic Wars | Roman Republic | Gallic tribes Germanic tribes Celtic Britons Iberian tribes | Decisive Roman victory Roman Republic annexes Gaul and Belgica |
| 54 BCE | 53 BCE | Ambiorix's revolt (part of the Gallic Wars) | Roman Republic | Eburones | Roman victory Rebellion suppressed |
| 12 BCE | 16 CE | Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16) (including the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest) | Roman Empire | Germanic tribes | Strategic Germanic victory Roman withdrawal |
| 28 | 28 | Battle of Baduhenna Wood | Roman Empire | Frisii | Indecisive; tactical Frisian victory Roman withdrawal |
| 47 | 47 | Gannascus' revolt | Roman Empire | Cananefates Chauci Frisii | Roman victory Germanic revolt/invasion defeated Temporary Roman occupation of Frisia |
| 69 | 70 | Revolt of the Batavi | Roman Empire | Batavi Cananefates Frisii Lingones Treveri | Roman victory Rebellion suppressed |
| 286 | 296 | Carausian Revolt | Roman Empire | Carausius Franks | Roman victory Rebellion suppressed Franks (temporarily?) occupy the lands between the Rhine and Waal rivers, and between the mouths of the Rhine and Scheldt |
| c.445 | c.450 | Frankish conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum | Roman Empire | Salian Franks | Frankish victory Turnacum and Cameracum become Frankish capitals |
| 448 | 448 | Battle of Vicus Helena | Roman Empire | Salian Franks | Roman victory |
| c.450 | c.450 | Battle of Finnsburg? | Frisii | Danes | Danish victory |
| c.525 | c.525 | Battle on the Rhine [nl]? | Frankish Empire Frisii? | Danes | Frankish victory |
| 600 | 793 | Frisian–Frankish wars | Frankish Empire | Frisian Kingdom | Frankish victory Frisian Kingdom annexed |
| 715 | 718 | Frankish Civil War (715–718) | Carolingian faction (Austrasian) Charles Martel Chlothar IV (717–718) Pippinid faction (Austrasian) Theudoald (715–717) Plectrude (715–717) | Neustrian faction Ragenfrid Dagobert III (†715) Chilperic II Redbad of Frisia (716–718) Odo of Aquitaine (independent until 718) | Carolingian victory Neustrians defeat Pippinids (715) Charles subjects Pippinids, enthrones Chlothar (717) Carolingians defeat Neustrians (718) Chlothar dies, Charles recognises Chilperic as king but gains de facto power as palace mayor, establishing the Carolingian dynasty (718) |
| 772 | 804 | Saxon Wars | Frankish Empire Obotrite Confederacy | Saxons Frisians | Frankish victory Saxons and Frisians subdued |
| 834 | 891 | Viking raids in the Rhineland | Vikings | Frankish Empire, splitting into: West Francia Middle Francia/Lotharingia East Francia | Frankish victory Viking devastation of cities such as Dorestad Count Henry defeated most Vikings by 885 The Battle of Leuven (891) expelled the remaining Vikings |
| 978 | 980 | Franco-German war of 978–980 | Holy Roman Empire Lower lorraine | West Francia | Status quo ante bellum |
| 987 | 991 | Charles-Hugh Capet war | Lower Lotharingia | Kingdom of France | French victory |
| 1012 | 1018 | Lower Lorrainian war of succession | County of Verdun Prince-Bishopric of Liège | County of Leuven & Brussels County of Namur County of Hainaut County of Flanders County of Holland County of Luxemburg | Verdun victory Battle of Florennes (1015) Godfrey of Verdun becomes Duke of Lower Lorraine Henry of Leuven recognises Godfrey in 1018 |
| 1018 | 1018 | Battle of Vlaardingen | West Frisia (later County of Holland) | Holy Roman Empire Lower Lorraine | West Frisian victory West Frisia obtains de facto autonomy |
| 1037 | 1037 | Odo II invasion of Lotharingia | County of Champagne | Lower and Upper Lotharingia under Gothelo I Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Burgundy | ●Battle of Bar-le-Duc : death of Odo ●Holy Roman Empire victory |
| 1044 | 1056 | Revolts of Godfrey the Bearded | Upper Lorraine Pro-Godfrey Lower Lorraine County of Flanders County of Leuven & Brussels | Holy Roman Empire Pro-Gothelo II Lower Lorraine Pro-Frederick Lower Lorraine Bishopric of Metz | Compromise Godfrey banished to Tuscany (1057) Godfrey succeeds Frederick in Lower Lorraine (1065) |
| 1070 | 1071 | War of the Flemish succession (1070–1071) | Pro-Robert Flanders West Frisia (later County of Holland) | Pro-Arnulf Flanders Kingdom of France County of Hainaut County of Boulogne Duchy of Normandy | West Frisian victory Robert the Frisian becomes Count of Flanders |
| 1076 | 1076 | Battle of IJsselmonde [nl] | West Frisia (later County of Holland) County of Flanders | Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht Lower Lotharingia | West Frisian victory Count Dirk V regainds West Frisia from Utrecht |
| 1101 | 1115 | Wars of Henry of Lower Lorraine | Pro Henry Lower Lotharingia Holy Roman empire (1104-1106) | Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia Holy Roman empire (1101-1104 and 1006-1115) | Godfrey I, Count of Louvain remain Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Henry became count of Limburg |
| 1102 | 1105 | German-Flemish war | County of Flanders | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Lower Lotharingia | Status quo ante bellum |
| 1127 | 1128 | War of the Flemish succession (1127–1128) | Pro-William Clito Flanders Lower Lotharingia | Pro-Theoderic of Alsace Flanders | Theoderican victory William Clito died of wounds, ending the war |
| 1128 | 1131 | Godfrey-Waleran war | Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia | Pro Waleran Lower Lotharingia | •Battle of Wilderen : Waleran victory•Waleran became duke of Lower Lotharingia •Godfrey renonce his title and went to the abbey of Affligem |
| 1132 | 1297 | West Frisian Wars [nl] | County of Holland | West Frisians | Hollandic victory Holland conquers the region of West Friesland |
| 1139 | 1140 | Rebellion of Henry II of Limburg | Pro Henry Lower Lotharingia | Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia | •Godfrey victory, he remain duke of Lower lotharingia |
| 1139 | 1159 | Grimbergen Wars [nl; fr] | County of Leuven & Brussels | House of Berthout | Leuven victory Leuven acquires the Lordship of Grimbergen |
| 1142 | 1142 | Limburg-Fauquemont war | County of Limburg | Lordship of Fauquemont | Limburg victory |
| 1165 | 1323 | Flemish–Hollandic conflict over Zeeland Bewestenschelde [nl] | County of Flanders | County of Holland | Hollandic victory: Treaty of Paris (1323) Holland acquires Zeeland Bewestenschelde |
| 1182 | 1194 | War of Lembeek | Lower Lotharingia | County of Hainaut County of Luxembourg County of Namur County of Flanders | Compromise : Battle of Noville Treaty of Hal |
| 1186 | 1263/5 | War of the Namurois–Luxemburgish succession | House of Namur (Ermesinde) Limburg-Luxemburg dynasty County of Namur (contested) County of Luxemburg (contested until 1199) | House of Flanders (Baldwins) County of Hainaut County of Namur (contested) County of Flanders | Compromise Ermesinde and her offspring inherited Luxemburg (1199) Namur sold to Guy of Dampierre (1263/5) |
| 1202 | 1378 | Liégeois–Brabantian Wars [nl; fr] | Prince-Bishopric of Liège County of Loon | Duchy of Brabant Dual Lordship of Maastricht | Compromise: Truce of Booienhoven Liège acquires Moha and Loon Brabant acquires Limburg and Overmaas Dual Lordship of Maastricht confirmed |
| 1203 | 1206 | Loon War | Ada and Louis II Loon Supported by: France Staufen Flanders Brabant Limburg Utrecht Liège | William Holland Supported by: England House of Welf | Military and long-term political victory for William William recognised as count of Holland |
| 1212 | 1213 | War of the Moha succession (part of the Liégeois–Brabantian Wars) | Duchy of Brabant | Prince-Bishopric of Liège | Liégeois victory Moha annexed by Liège |
| 1213 | 1214 | Anglo-French War (1213–1214) | Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy County of Champagne County of Dreux County of Ponthieu County of Saint-Pol Duchy of Normandy Duchy of Bretagne Prince-Bishopric of Liège | Angevin Empire (England, Anjou, Normandy, Aquitaine) Holy Roman Empire Flanders-Namur County of Boulogne Hainaut-Holland Brabant-Leuven Duchy of Lorraine Duchy of Limburg Duchy of Saxony Palatinate | French victory Truce of Chinon Collapse of the Angevin Empire |
| 1225 | 1227 | Drenthe–Groningen war | Burgraviate of Groningen Bishopric of Utrecht | Burgraviate of Coevorden ("Drenthe") Gelkingen | Drenther victory Utrecht bishop dies in battle, new bishop proclaims crusade |
| 1228 | 1232 | Drenther Crusade | Bishopric of Utrecht Frisian crusaders | Burgraviate of Coevorden ("Drenthe") Ommelander rebels | Inconclusive Drenthe retains de facto independence from Utrecht |
| 1226/8 | 1231/2 | War of the Succession of Breda | | | |
| 1244 | 1254 | War of the Flemish Succession | House of Flanders House of Dampierre Supported by: Anjou (3rd conflict) | House of Avesnes Supported by: Holland (2nd conflict) Zeeland (2nd conflict) | Compromise Dampierre obtains Flanders Avesnes obtains Hainaut |
| 1245/50 | 1273/5 | Great Interregnum | Hohenstaufen party Frederick II (1245–50) Conrad IV (1245–54) Alfonso X of Castile (1257–75) Rudolf of Habsburg (1273–5) | Welf party Henry of Thuringia (1246–7) William II of Holland (1247–56) Richard of Cornwall (1257–72) Ottokar II of Bohemia | Compromise Unanimous election of Rudolf of Habsburg in 1273 Alfonso X of Castile renounced claim in 1275 |
| 1256 | 1422 | Friso-Hollandic Wars | County of Holland | Upstalsboom League Various other Frisian factions | Holland conquers West Frisia, but makes no substantial gains in Middle Frisia |
| 1272 | 1278 | War of the Cow | Prince-Bishopric of Liège | County of Namur | Indecisive Status quo ante bellum |
| 1283 | 1289 | War of the Limburg Succession | Duchy of Brabant County of Loon City of Cologne | County of Guelders County of Luxemburg Electorate of Cologne | Brabantian victory Brabant acquires the Duchy of Limburg |
| 1296 | 1335 | Awans and Waroux War [nl; fr] | Awans | Waroux | Stalemate Status quo ante bellum |
| 1297 | 1305 | Franco-Flemish War | Kingdom of France Flemish patricians | County of Flanders County of Namur | French victory Flanders cedes Lille, Douai, Bethune and Orchies to France Flanders remains independent |
| 1303 | 1306 | Brussels Revolt [nl] | Brabantian artisan guilds | Brabantian patrician class Duke of Brabant | Patrician–ducal victory Rebellion suppressed |
| 1322 | 1326 | Bredevoorter Feud [de; nl] | Prince-Bishopric of Münster | County of Guelders | Compromise: Peace of Wesel Guelders acquires the Lordship of Bredevoort Münster acquires the Lordship of Bermentfelde (in Borken) |
| 1323 | 1328 | Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–1328 | Kingdom of France Flemish count and loyalists | Flemish rebels | French victory Restoration of pro-French count Repression of all who participated in the revolt |
| 1336 | 1366 | Wars of the Loon Succession (part of the Liégeois–Brabantian Wars) | County of Loon Supported by: Duchy of Brabant (1337–1363) Duchy of Luxemburg (1361–1366) | Prince-Bishopric of Liège Supported by: Avignon Papacy | Liégeois victory Annexation of Loon by Liège Annexation of Chiny by Luxemburg |
| 1337 | 1453 | Hundred Years' War | Valois France Duchy of Burgundy (1337–1419, 35–53) Kingdom of Scotland Crown of Castile Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Bohemia Crown of Aragon Avignon Papacy | Plantagenet France Kingdom of England Duchy of Burgundy (1419–35) Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre County of Flanders County of Hainaut Papal States | Valois victory England permanently loses all lands in France except Calais Valois-Burgundy becomes semi-independent state (1363) Burgundy starts gradual acquisition of Low Countries (1384) Flanders remains under French suzerainty (1453) |
| 1350 | 1361 | Guelderian Fratricidal War [nl] | Reginald III, Duke of Guelders Heeckeren faction | Edward, Duke of Guelders Bronckhorst faction | Edwardian victory Edward becomes duke of Guelders |
| 1350 | 1490 | Hook and Cod wars | Hook league (anti-Burgundy) | Cod league (pro-Burgundy) | Cod victory Holland remains in Burgundian hands |
| 1352 | 1365 | War of the Valkenburg succession | Reginald of Schönforst Duchy of Brabant (1364–1365) | Waleran of Valkenburg | Brabantian victory Brabant inherited Valkenburg in 1378 |
| 1356 | 1357 | War of the Brabantian Succession | Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Limburg Lordship of Mechelen Duchy of Luxemburg | County of Flanders County of Namur (Jun. '56–Feb. '57) Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen | Flemish–Guelderian victory Joanna recognised as duchess of Brabant Flanders and Guelders acquire some Brabantian lands |
| 1364 | 1368 | First war of Guelders | Duchy of Brabant Heeckeren faction County of Holland County of Hainaut | Duchy of Guelders Bronckhorst faction County of Zutphen Bishopric of Utrecht | Military stalemate, diplomatic Brabantian victory Brabant regains county of Megen |
| 1371 | 1371 | Battle of Baesweiler | Duchy of Jülich Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen | Duchy of Brabant County of Namur County of Ligny | Jülich–Guelderian victory Duke of Brabant and Count of Namur captured Duke of Guelders and Count of Ligny killed |
| 1371 | 1379 | First War of the Guelderian Succession | Duchy of Jülich Bronckhorst faction | Blois Heeckeren faction | Jülich victory William of Jülich recognised as duke of Guelders |
| 1379 | 1385 | Revolt of Ghent (1379–1385) (part of the Hundred Years' War) | Kingdom of France County of Flanders Duchy of Burgundy (1384–5) | Ghent rebels Kingdom of England (1383–5) | Franco–Burgundian victory Peace of Tournai Ghent recognises royal and comital authority Ghent is granted amnesty |
| 1382 | 1383 | Despenser's Crusade (part of the Hundred Years' War, Revolt of Ghent and Western Schism) | Kingdom of France County of Flanders Avignon Papacy | Kingdom of England Ghent rebels Papal States | Truce English withdrawal |
| 1385 | 1390 | Second war of Guelders [nl] | Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Limburg Duchy of Burgundy Kingdom of France | Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen Land of Cuijk Duchy of Jülich | Guelderian victory Land of Cuijk acquired by Guelders |
| 1397 | 1399 | Third war of Guelders | Duchy of Brabant Prince-Bishopric of Liège (1397–98) | Duchy of Guelders Duchy of Jülich | Peace of Ravenstein, 15 August 1399 |
| 1401 | 1412 | Arkel Wars [nl] | County of Holland Gorinchem (1406–7) | Land van Arkel Duchy of Guelders (1409–12) | Hollandic victory Arkel sold to Holland Arkel later divided between Holland and Guelders |
| 1413 | 1422 | Great Frisian War | Vetkopers | Schieringers | Stalemate Status quo ante bellum treaty |
| 1423 | 1449 | Utrecht Schism | Pro-Rudolf Utrecht Lichtenbergers Hook league Proysen Papal States (1432–1449) | Anti-Rudolf Utrecht Lokhorsten Cod league Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Guelders (1423–29) Papal States (1423–32) Council of Basel (1431–49) Antipope Felix V (1439–49) | Lichtenberger victory Rudolf militarily defeats Guelders (1429) Pope Martin V and Zweder van Culemborg die (1431/3) Pope Eugenius IV recognises Rudolf (1432) Council of Basel dissolves, Antipope steps down (1449) Walraven van Meurs renounces claims (1449) Rudolf recognised as Prince-Bishop of Utrecht |
| 1438 | 1441 | Dutch–Hanseatic War (part of the Sound Wars) | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands | Hanseatic League Lüneburg Mecklenburg Pomerania Holstein Brandenburg | Stalemate; compromise Treaty of Copenhagen (1441) |
| 1442 | 1446 | Hollandic–Bremer war | County of Holland County of Zeeland County of Flanders Frisian lands | Bremen | Peace of Harderwijk (1446) |
| 1449 | 1453 | Revolt of Ghent (1449–1453) | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands | Ghent rebels | Burgundian victory Rebellion suppressed |
| 1456 | 1458 | Utrecht war (1456–1458) | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Graauwerts Cod league | Van Brederode Van Montfoort Lichtenbergers Hook league | Burgundian victory David of Burgundy recognised as Prince-Bishop of Utrecht |
| 1458 | 1464 | Donia War [nl] | Harinxmas (Schieringers) | Donias (Vetkopers) | Successive reconciliations between warring clans |
| 1459 | 1459 | Revolt against Arnold | Pro-Adolf Guelders Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands | Pro-Arnold Guelders | Arnoldian victory Adolf reconciles with Arnold, but continues plotting |
| 1465 | 1468 | Wars of Liège | Prince-Bishopric of Liège Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands | Liégeois rebels Green Tent Companions Kingdom of France | Burgundian victory Burgundy de facto annexes Liège |
| 1465 | 1468 | War in Guelders | Pro-Adolf Guelders Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Electorate of Cologne | Pro-Arnold Guelders Duchy of Cleves County of Mark | Adolfian victory (Battle of Straelen [de]) Adolf imprisons Arnold (1465–1471) Adolf becomes Duke of Guelders Guelders reclaims Wachtendonk |
| 1473 | 1473 | Burgundian conquest of Guelders | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Cleves County of Mark | Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen | Burgundian victory Burgundy inherits and conquers Guelders Adolf remains in Burgundian prison (1471–1477) |
| 1474 | 1477 | Burgundian Wars | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Savoy | Duchy of Lorraine Swiss Confederates | Franco–Swiss victory Extinction of Valois-Burgundy Outbreak of the War of the Burgundian Succession |
| 1477 | 1482 | War of the Burgundian Succession | Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands | Valois-Orléans: Kingdom of France Swiss Confederates Duchy of Guelders | Treaty of Arras (1482), Treaty of Senlis (1493) Habsburg acquires Burgundian Netherlands and more France annexes the Duchy of Burgundy, Picardy and more Swiss Confederacy annexes some Burgundian lands |
| 1477 | 1499 | Guelderian War of Independence [nl] (1477–82, 1494–9) (part of the War of the Burgundian Succession) | Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Duchy of Burgundy (1477–82) Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Cleves (1498–9) Duchy of Jülich (1498–9) | Guelders: Duchy of Guelders Supported by: Kingdom of France | Guelderian victory De facto Guelderian independence |
| 1481 | 1483 | Utrecht war of 1481–83 (part of the Hook and Cod Wars) | Cod league Duchy of Burgundy | Hook league Duchy of Cleves | Cod victory Utrecht remains in Habsburg Burgundian hands |
| 1483 | 1492 | Flemish revolts against Maximilian | Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands | County of Flanders | Habsburg victory City walls of Bruges demolished, loses economic position |
| 1488 | 1490 | Squire Francis War (part of the Hook and Cod Wars) | Cod league (pro-Habsburg) Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands | Hook league (anti-Habsburg) | Cod–Habsburg victory Holland remains in Habsburg hands |
| 1491 | 1492 | Bread and Cheese Revolt | Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands | Bread and Cheese folk | Habsburg victory Rebellion suppressed |
| 1502 | 1543 | Guelders Wars | Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands) County of Holland County of Flanders Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Luxemburg Imperial Frisia (Saxony) (1514–15) Bishopric of Utrecht (1508–28) | Guelders: Duchy of Guelders Groningen & Ommelanden (1514–36) Frisian rebels (1514–23) Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1538–43) Supported by: Kingdom of France County of East Frisia (1514–17) Utrecht rebel groups (1520–28) | Habsburg victory Guelders, Utrecht, Frisia and Groningen annexed Overijssel and Drenthe detached from Utrecht Jülich and East Frisia remain independent |
| 1514 | 1517 | Saxon feud (part of the Guelders Wars) | Imperial Frisia (Saxony) (1514–15) Habsburg Netherlands (1515–17) 24 German princes County of Oldenburg | County of East Frisia City of Groningen Ommelanden Frisian rebels Duchy of Guelders | Compromise Imperial ban on Edzard of East Frisia lifted Habsburg nominally gains Frisia, Groningen & Ommelanden East Frisia nominally gains Harlingerland and Jever East Frisia cedes Friesische Wehde to Oldenburg |
| 1531 | 1534 | Guelderian feud [de] (part of the Guelders Wars) | County of East Frisia | Duchy of Guelders Harlingerland Lordship of Jever | Guelderian victory; Peace of Logum Jever becomes Habsburg vassal (1531) Harlingerland becomes Guelderian vassal East Frisia pays war indemnity to Guelders |
| 1539 | 1540 | Revolt of Ghent (1539) | Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands) | Ghent rebels | Habsburg victory Rebellion suppressed |
| 1542 | 1546 | Italian War of 1542–1546 | Holy Roman Empire  Saxony Brandenburg Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands) Kingdom of England | Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Ottoman Empire Jülich-Cleves-Berg | Inconclusive Treaty of Crépy (1544) Treaty of Ardres (1546) |
| 1551 | 1559 | Italian War of 1551–1559 | Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands)  Kingdom of England Duchy of Mantua Duchy of Florence  Duchy of Savoy | Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Ottoman Empire Republic of Siena | Spanish and Imperial (Habsburg) victory Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559) |
* War of succession, diocesan feud or clan feud
* War of conquest (territorial control)
* Religious war
* Economic war (including socio-economic revolts)
* Revolt or rebellion (political)