# Politics of Shanghai

The politics of Shanghai is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders, including Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji, Wu Bangguo, Huang Ju, Xi Jinping, Yu Zhengsheng, Han Zheng, and Li Qiang.

## Overview

The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, shorten as 上海市市长 ie Mayor of Shanghai Municipality) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the Mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Shanghai Municipal Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, shorten as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CCP Party Chief" in English.
Before 1941, Shanghai had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council), the French Concession, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the foreign concessions were occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).

## List of provincial-level leaders
### Secretaries of the Communist Party Shanghai Committee

| Order | Party Committee Secretary | Term | Notes |
| 1 | Rao Shushi | 1949—1950 | Later purged in 1954 |
| 2 | Chen Yi | 1950—1954 | Communist revolutionary, Marshal of the People's Liberation Army Foreign Minister (1958-1972) |
| 3 | Ke Qingshi | 1954—1965 | |
| 4 | Chen Pixian | 1965—1967 | Removed from office during January Storm |
| 5 | Zhang Chunqiao | 1971—1976 | Politburo Standing Committee (1973-1976) Member of the Gang of Four Titled "Secretary of the Revolutionary Committee of Shanghai" |
| 6 | Su Zhenhua | 1976—1979 | De facto Peng Chong; General, Admiral |
| 7 | Peng Chong | 1979—1980 | |
| 8 | Chen Guodong | 1980—1985 | |
| 9 | Rui Xingwen | 1985—1987 | |
| 10 | Jiang Zemin | 1987—1989 | Politburo Standing Committee (1989-2002) General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003) |
| 11 | Zhu Rongji | 1989—1991 | Politburo Standing Committee (1992-2002) Premier (1998-2003) |
| 12 | Wu Bangguo | 1991—1994 | Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2012) Chairman of the National People's Congress (2002-2012) |
| 13 | Huang Ju | 1994— 15 November 2002 | Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2006) Vice-Premier (2002-2006) |
| 14 | Chen Liangyu | 15 November 2002 — 24 September 2006 | dismissed for corruption, convicted in 2008, jailed. |
| — | Han Zheng | 24 September 2006 — 24 March 2007 | Acting |
| 15 | Xi Jinping | 24 March 2007 — 27 October 2007 | Politburo Standing Committee (2007-) General Secretary (2012-), President (2013-) |
| 16 | Yu Zhengsheng | 27 October 2007 — 20 November 2012 | Politburo Standing Committee (2012-2017) National Committee Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |
| 17 | Han Zheng | 20 November 2012 — 29 October 2017 | Politburo Standing Committee (2017-2022) Vice-Premier(2018- ) |
| 18 | Li Qiang | 29 October 2017 — 28 October 2022 | Politburo Standing Committee (2022- ) |
| 19 | Chen Jining | 28 October 2022 — | |

### Chairpersons of Shanghai Municipal People's Congress

* Yan Youmin (严佑民): 1979－1981
* Hu Lijiao (胡立教): 1981－1988
* Ye Gongqi (叶公琦): 1988－1998
* Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1998－2003
* Gong Xueping (龚学平): 2003－2008
* Liu Yungeng (刘云耕): 2008－2013
* Yin Yicui (殷一璀) (female): 2013－2020
* Jiang Zhuoqing (蒋卓庆): 2020－2023
* Dong Yunhu (董云虎): 2023－2023
* Huang Lixin (黄莉新) (female): 2023 -

### Mayors of Shanghai

Prior to the establishment of the office of Mayor of Shanghai, the city's administration was overseen by the circuit intendant ("taotai" / "daotai", 道臺). The office was abolished at the fall of the Qing.
| Mayor | Term | Notes |
| Huang Fu | 7 July 1927 - April 1929 | First mayor of Shanghai. |
| Zhang Qun | 1 April 1929 - 6 January 1932 | |
| Wu Tiecheng | January 1932 - April 1937 | |
| Yu Hung-chun | April 1937 - November 1937 | Fled city following fall of Shanghai to the Empire of Japan in the Battle of Shanghai. |
| Chen Gongbo | November 1940 - December 1944 | Japanese collaborationist |
| Zhou Fohai | December 1944 - August 1945 | last Japanese collaborationist mayor, arrested by Kuomintang forces |
| K. C. Wu | August 1945 - May 1949 | last Kuomintang mayor, fled after communist takeover |
| Chen Yi | May 1949 — November 1958 | Military Commander, first Communist mayor |
| Ke Qingshi | November 1958 — 9 April 1965 | |
| Cao Diqiu | December 1965 — 24 February 1967 | purged during the Cultural Revolution |
| Zhang Chunqiao | 24 February 1967 — October 1976 | Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee Member of Gang of Four, sentenced for treason |
| Su Zhenhua | November 1976 — 7 February 1979 | Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee |
| Peng Chong | 7 February 1979 — April 1981 | De facto head from late 1976. |
| Wang Daohan | April 1981 — July 1985 | Jiang mentor |
| Jiang Zemin | July 1985 — April 1988 | Promoted to party chief |
| Zhu Rongji | April 1988 — April 1991 | Promoted to party chief |
| Huang Ju | April 1991 — February 1995 | Promoted to party chief |
| Xu Kuangdi | February 1995 — 7 December 2001 | Demoted |
| Chen Liangyu | 7 December 2001 — 21 February 2003 | Promoted to party chief |
| Han Zheng | 21 February 2003 — 26 December 2012 | Concurrently acting party chief 2006-2007, promoted to party chief in 2012 |
| Yang Xiong | 26 December 2012 — 17 January 2017 | |
| Ying Yong | 20 January 2017 — 12 February 2020 | |
| Gong Zheng | 23 March 2020 — | |

### Chairpersons of the Political Conference Shanghai Committee

* Ke Qingshi (柯庆施): 1955－1958
* Chen Pixian (陈丕显): 1958－1967
* Peng Chong (彭冲): 1977－1979
* Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979－1983
* Prof. Li Guohao (李国豪): 1983－1988
* Prof. Xie Xide (谢希德) (female): 1988－1993
* Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1993－1998
* Wang Liping (王力平): 1998－2003
* Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003－2008
* Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008－2013
* Wu Zhiming (吴志明): 2013－2018
* Dong Yunhu (董云虎): 2018－2023
* Hu Wenrong (胡文容): 2023－incumbent

### Chairpersons of the Shanghai Supervisory Committee

* Liao Guoxun (廖国勋): January 2018－March 2020
* Liu Xuexin (刘学新): July 2020－October 2022
* Li Yangzhe (李仰哲): October 2022－incumbent