OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 3 hydroxyisobutyric aciduria

3 Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria is a rare metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to metabolize certain amino acids. This causes a toxic buildup of specific acids called organic acids in the blood, tissues, and urine. The precise underlying cause remains unknown. Some cases may be caused by mutations in the ALDH6A1 gene and inherited autosomally recessively.
Clinical manifestations range from a mild or uneventful course to life-threatening ketoacidosis. Only ten patients had been described in publications as of 2006.

## Signs and symptoms

3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria typically presents during the prenatal period. These patients typically have dysmorphic characteristics such as a small triangular face, low-set ears, a long philtrum, and microcephaly. Individuals may exhibit a wide range of phenotypes, from mild episodes of vomiting accompanied by normal brain and cognitive development to severe mental impairment, delayed motor development, and early death.

## Causes

It was previously assumed that 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBADH) deficiency in the valine catabolic pathway was the underlying enzyme defect, but new evidence suggests that individuals with 3-hydroxyisobutyryic aciduria represent a heterogeneous group that has various underlying mechanisms, such as respiratory chain defects or methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.

## Diagnosis

When in stable condition, patients with 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria excrete elevated amounts of 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (3-HIBA) in urine, ranging from 60 to 390 mmol/mol of creatinine and increasing to 10,000 mmol/mol creatinine during acute ketoacidosis episodes.

## Treatment

There is limited evidence and no agreement on treatment; protein restriction and carnitine supplementation have been used.
# Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard

The Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard (Uma notata) is a species of medium-sized, diurnal lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. It is adapted to arid climates and is most commonly found in sand dunes within the Colorado Desert of the United States and Mexico.
It was originally described by Baird in 1859 as having a head that was two-fifths the size if the head and body, was a light pea-green spotted with darker green and with a white underside.
It can be distinguished from the Mojave fringe-toed lizard and the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard by its orange/pinkish stripes on the sides of its underside, while the backs have much similar appearances.
The former subspecies Uma notata rufopunctata has had an unsettled taxonomy, and in 2016 was found to represent a hybrid between Uma notata and Uma cowlesi.

## Habitat

The Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard (Uma notata) occupy the vast windblown sands of the Algodones Dunes in Imperial County, California and crossing the border into Sonora, Mexico.
# Crossbow II

Crossbow II was a late 1970s proa (or asymmetrical catamaran) sailboat, the successor craft to Crossbow.
It was built by former Olympian Tim Whelpton at his boatyard in Upton near Acle.
It revised the world sailing speed record of its predecessor until 1980, finally reaching 36 knots (41 mph), a record it held until 1986.
# Holbrookia propinqua

Holbrookia propinqua, commonly known as the keeled earless lizard, is a species of phrynosomatid lizard.

## Description

The dorsal scales are small, pointed, and keeled, as the common name implies. The lateral scales are similar but smaller. The ventral scales, which are flat and smooth, are 3-4 times larger than the dorsal scales. Adults may attain 62 mm (2+1⁄2 in) snout to vent length (SVL), 140 mm (5+1⁄2 in) total length.

## Geographic range and habitat

Holbrookia propinqua occurs in the Tamaulipan mezquital ecoregion where it is known from various vegetation zones in south Texas, including mixed oak forest, mesquite brush-lands, cleared fields, coastal prairie, and grasslands, although always where bands of Tertiary sand outcrops or sandy stream-side deposits are found. It is perhaps most common in the loose and shifting sands of beaches, barrier islands, and the Coastal Sand Plain of Southern Texas. It also ranges into northeast Mexico but it is highly restricted to the narrow zone of sand dunes of the coastal beaches, peninsulas, and barrier islands of Tamaulipas and southward to the vicinity of Veracruz, Veracruz.

## Subspecies

There are three recognized subspecies of Holbrookia propinqua:
* northern keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua propinqua Baird & Girard, 1852
* southern keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua piperata H.M. Smith & Burger, 1950
* Stone's keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua stonei Harper, 1932
# Svend Rindom

Svend Rindom (30 June 1884 – 11 December 1960) was a Danish screenwriter and film actor. He wrote for 36 films between 1911 and 1950 and appeared in approximately twelve films from 1912 to 1943.
He was born in Copenhagen and died in Copenhagen. His wife was actress Ellen Diedrich and his daughter was actress Jessie Rindom. He is buried in the Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen.

## Selected filmography

* Master of the House (1925)
* 5 raske piger (1933)
* Life on the Hegn Farm (1938)
* Circus (1939)
* Familien Olsen (1940)
* Tyrannens fald (1942)
* Affæren Birte (1945)
* De kloge og vi gale (1945)
* Det gælder os alle (1949)
* Love Wins Out (1949)
* Mosekongen (1950)
# Stephen Evans (rower)

Stephen Frederick Evans OAM (born 24 September 1962, in Sydney) is an Australian former national champion, world champion, dual Olympian and Olympic medal winning rower.

## Club and state rowing

He was born in Sydney and his senior rowing was with the Mosman Rowing Club where his father Bruce Evans was an accomplished coach.
Evans was first selected to represent New South Wales in the 1979 Trans Tasman Colts Series – a series of three match races between New Zealand and Australian U23 crews. Evans stroked a New South Wales lightweight four who lost all three races. Evans was selected to represent New South Wales in the men's Interstate Youth Eight Championship contesting the Noel F Wilkinson Trophy at the 1981 Australian Rowing Championships. In 1982 he was again selected in the New South Wales youth eight and stroked that crew to victory.
In 1983 Evans competed at the National Regatta in Mosman colours in a composite coxless four. He was selected and trained in the New South Wales King's Cup eight but pulled out on the day due to injury. In 1984 at the Australian Championships he stroked the New South Wales King's Cup crew to victory in the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship. He again stroked the New South Wales King's Cup eight in 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1988.
Evans won Australian national titles at the Australian Rowing Championships in 1985 in a coxed four; in 1986 in a coxed pair (in Mosman colours with Craig Muller); and competed and placed in pairs and fours in 1987 and 1988.

## International representative rowing

Evans first donned Australian colours as a ten year old coxswain steering an Australian women's coxed four in the first of a three race in Inter Dominion series against New Zealand in 1973. Evans' father Bruce coached the Australian women's four.
Evans' first senior call up for Australia was to the Olympic squad for Los Angeles 1984. The selected Australian eight was built around the national champion Mosman Rowing Club coxed four that included Evans, Muller and Jim Battersby . Evans stroked the Australian eight to third place in the final winning bronze behind Canada and the USA.
His first World Championship national representation was at the 1986 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham, England where stroked the Australian men's eight to victory. It was Australia's first and only World Championship title in the men's VIII. That same year at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, that same crew with Evans at stroke won gold in the Australian men's VIII.
At the 1987 World Rowing Championships in Copenhagen Evans stroked the Australian eight to a fourth place and he held his seat and role for the men's eight for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. That crew placed fifth.
# James P. Hamilton

James P. Hamilton is a Wisconsin Distinguished Professor in Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville.
Following a B.A. and graduate work at University of Maine-Orono, he completed a PhD at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Physical & Analytical Chemistry specializing in Laser Instrumentation, Coherent Nonlinear Optics, Spectroscopy & Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics.
He is the director of the UW System NCCRD Nano Research Center. From 2017-2021 he and his team worked on a $875k NASA SBIR research contract for polymeric contamination control that has led to new programs in planetary protection involving space telescopes and missions. His research on astronomical mirror contamination control has brought him to the summit of most of the large telescope sites in the world including Mauna Kea, Haleakala, La Palma and China. His current research specializes in contamination control on precision optical and aerospace surfaces, instrumentation development, nanoparticle thermodynamics and novel electrodes of nanocomposite materials.
He has raised $4.3 million in investment funds and founded two companies Xolve, Inc. and Photonic Cleaning Technologies the manufacturer of First Contact Polymers, which has sales in 77 countries.
He is a senior member of the American Physical Society, a Senior Member of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering and a Senior Member the AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics). He is also a member of the American Chemical Society, the Coblentz Society, Sigma Xi (Honorary Research Society), and Sigma Pi Sigma (Honorary Physics Society).

## Publications

* Bergin SD, Nicolosi V, Streich PV, Giordani S, Sun Z, Windle AH, Ryan P, Niraj NP, Wang ZT, Carpenter L, Blau WJ. Towards solutions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in common solvents. Advanced Materials. 2008 May 19;20(10):1876-81. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200702451
* Bergin SD, Sun Z, Rickard D, Streich PV, Hamilton JP, Coleman JN. Multicomponent solubility parameters for single-walled carbon nanotube− solvent mixtures. ACS nano. 2009 Aug 25;3(8):2340-50. (Cited 377 times, according to Google Scholar.
# Andrzej Potocki

Andrzej Potocki (Polish pronunciation:; 1630 – 30 August 1691) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, politician, general and military commander. He held a number of political and military positions and was a skilled commander and successfully protected the Eastern Borderlands of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the invading armies of Ottoman Turkey, Cossacks and Tatars.

## Biography

Andrzej Potocki was the son of Hetman Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki. In 1660 he became the Great Chorąży of the Crown and later the voivode of Kiev Voivodship (from 1668) and voivode of Kraków Voivodship (from 1682). He distinguished himself in the battle of Khotyn, where he commanded the left wing of the royal army (1673). After the abdication of John II Casimir in 1668, he strongly supported the candidacy of the Tsarevich Feodor, for which he was disliked by other nobles. He was a member of the Confederation of Malcontents in 1672. He participated in the Battle of Khotyn in 1673. Potocki later was one of the electors of John III Sobieski, representing the Kiev province in 1674, although he opposed the pro-French and anti-Brandenburgian policies of the king. In 1675 he was responsible for defeating the Tatars at the battle of Kałusz. In 1680 Potocki was appointed the governor of Kraków and subsequently the Kraków castellan in 1682. In 1683 during an expedition to Vienna, Potocki was nominated as the chief ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, while Sobieski was absent. Potocki successfully conducted warfare in the south-eastern parts of the country, known as Podolia, and regained large parts of the land (including Niemirów) from the Turks. For this, in 1684, he was appointed the Field Crown Hetman. He later took part in the unsuccessful expeditions against Moldavia in 1685. He was also starost of Halicz, Wyszogród, Leżajsk, Śniatyń, Kołomyja, Mościsk and Medyka.
After his death in 1691, Potocki was buried in the city of Stanisławów (named after his father), where he founded a new catholic collegiate church. His remains were desecrated and thrown out of the tomb, during the planned destruction of the church by Ukrainian communists after 1963.
# Whitey Glazner

Charles Franklin "Whitey" Glazner (September 17, 1893 – June 6, 1989) was an American professional baseball player. He was a right-handed pitcher over parts of five seasons (1920–24) with the Pittsburgh Pirates, and Philadelphia Phillies. For his career, he compiled a 41–48 record, with a 4.21 earned run average, and 266 strikeouts in 783+2⁄3 innings pitched.
He was born in Sycamore, Alabama, and died in Orlando, Florida, at the age of 95.
# Lorraine Maphala-Phiri

Lorraine Tsoanelo Maphala-Phiri (born 1984) is a Zimbabwean beauty queen and entrepreneur. In 2005, she was crowned Miss Zimbabwe, becoming an instant celebrity in a country where pageant winners become household names. She later started a hair extension and beauty business.

## Biography

Maphala grew up in humble beginnings in Bulawayo's Nketa 6 neighborhood. Maphala first entered a beauty contest as a teenager in 2002, participating in Miss Bulawayo. Later that year, she won her first pageant, Miss Summer Strides. In 2005, she was crowned Miss Zimbabwe. After her reign as Miss Zimbabwe, she was crowned Miss Tourism Zimbabwe. Beauty pageants are incredibly popular in Zimbabwe. Maphala's pageant wins came at the height of pageantry in Zimbabwe, where winners would go on to become household names and recognizable celebrities. After becoming Miss Zimbabwe, Maphala became known across the country, as media would take a considerable interest in her private life.

### Entrepreneurship

After winning her first pageant title, Maphala started a fashion business, but it quickly failed as she claimed she did not have enough experience in business. The experience did not discourage her, instead she drew on her poor upbringing to drive her to try again. In 2007, Maphala started her hair extensions business, Real Hair by Lorraine. Two years later, the business had failed due to a lack of investment. Maphala took a job at a finance company, quickly developing skills that she could use to restart her business. After saving starting capital and selling her car, Maphala relaunched Real Hair by Lorraine. This time, the business quickly grew. In 2016, Maphala opened Real Beauty by Lorraine, a hair studio focused on natural hair care products.

### Personal life

In 2011, Maphala privately married Bulawayo businessman Sonny Phiri. The pair would have a public wedding in 2013. The pair met in 2008, and it was his finance company that gave Maphala the job that she credited with cultivating her business skills. In 2020, the couple welcomed their third child.
During the COVID-19 lockdowns in Zimbabwe, Maphala-Phiri and her husband hosted an online talk show discussing marriage and faith that went viral in the country, due to Sonny Phiri's highly publicized infidelity.
In 2023, the Bulawayo Model Awards named honored Maphala by renaming their Pageant Model of the Year award after her.
# Goat farming

Goat farming involves the raising and breeding of domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) as a branch of animal husbandry. People farm goats principally for their meat, milk, fibre and skins.
Goat farming can be very suited to production alongside other livestock (such as sheep and cattle) on low-quality grazing land. Goats efficiently convert sub-quality grazing matter that is less desirable for other livestock into quality lean meat. Furthermore, goats can be farmed with a relatively small area of pasture and with limited resources.

## Pasture

As with other herbivores, the number of animals that a goat farmer can raise and sustain is dependent on the quality of the pasture. However, since goats will eat vegetation that most other domesticated livestock decline, they will subsist even on very poor land. Therefore, goat herds remain an important asset in regions with sparse and low quality vegetation.

## Worldwide goat population statistics

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the top producers of goat milk in 2008 were India (4 million metric tons), Bangladesh (2.16 million metric tons) and the Sudan (1.47 million metric tons).
World goat production: Selected regions and countries, 2008 :
| Country/Region | Total animals (millions) | Goat milk (MT) | Goat meat (million MT) |
| World | ----- | 15.2 | 4.8 |
| Africa | 294.5 | 3.2 | 1.1 |
| Nigeria | 53.8 | N/A | 0.26 |
| Sudan | 43.1 | 1.47 | 0.19 |
| Asia | 511.3 | 8.89 | 3.4 |
| Afghanistan | 6.38 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
| Pakistan | 60.00 | N/A | N/A |
| Iran | 16.00 | N/A | N/A |
| India | 125.7 | 4.0 | 0.48 |
| Bangladesh | 56.4 | 2.16 | 0.21 |
| China | 149.37 | 0.26 | 1.83 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2.2 | 0.076 | 0.024 |
| Americas | 37.3 | 0.54 | 0.15 |
| Mexico | 8.8 | 0.16 | 0.04 |
| USA | 3.1 | N/A | 0.022 |
| Europe | 17.86 | 2.59 | 0.012 |
| UK | 0.09 | N/A | N/A |
| France | 1.2 | 0.58 | 0.007 |
| Oceania | 3.42 | 0.0004 | 0.018 |

### In the US

Meat goats are farmed in all US states, although most meat goat production occurs in the Southeast. Texas is the primary producer of meat goats, representing 38% of US production.
Male goats are generally not required for the dairy-goat industry and are usually slaughtered for meat soon after birth. In the UK, approximately 30,000 billy goats from the dairy industry are slaughtered each year.

## Gallery

* Goat farm
* Goat milking
* Pen for goats
* Goating Farming in Uganda
* Goatskin parchment on wooden frame
# Mitchell House (Yarmouth, Maine)

The Mitchell House is a historic house at 333 Main Street in Yarmouth, Maine. Built about 1800, it is a fine local example of Federal period architecture. It is also prominent as the home of one of the North Yarmouth Academy's largest early benefactors, Dr. Ammi Ruhamah Mitchell. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

## Description and history

The Mitchell House stands in the village center of Yarmouth, on the north side of Main Street (Maine State Route 115) between Center and Mill Streets. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a hip roof, four brick end chimneys, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. The main facade is divided into three sections, articulated by full-height Doric pilasters. The outer sections each have two sash windows, those on the first floor topped by entablatured lintels. The center section has the main entrance on the first floor, with flanking sidelight windows and a half-round transom above. A 1+1⁄2-story ell extends north, behind the main block.
The house was built about 1800 for Dr. Ammi Mitchell (1762–1824), a pillar of the local community. He had previously lived at today's 33 Center Street. Well known as a practicing physician, he also served in the state legislature, and was the largest single donor for the founding of North Yarmouth Academy, and one of its first trustees. Mitchell died in 1824, aged 62. He was succeeded as the town physician by Gad Hitchcock. When Hitchcock died in the role, in 1837, Eleazer Burbank (1793–1867) took over.
# Karl Strømme

Karl Tomas Bergh Strømme (born 26 February 1976 in Bergen, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz trumpeter.

## Biography

Strømme got his musical education at Norwegian Academy of Music in Oslo and Rhythmic Music Conservatory in Copenhagen. He has studied under Arve Henriksen, Jon Eberson and Flemming Agerskov. He has been touring in Scandinavia and occasionally in the rest of Europe as a member of The European Youth Jazz Orchestra
He has led the Telenor Storband and teaches music at the Norwegian Academy of Music. Strømme has also composed music for NRK and played regular for theaters like Nationaltheateret, Nordic Black Theatre and Riksteatret. Strømme was raised in Fredrikstad and in Bygdøy, where he also runs his own recording studio DynaLyd.
In 2004 he was the recipient of a scholarships from The Léonie Sonning Music Prize.
Within the band Peloton he has released two albums, Selected Recordings (2007) and The Early Years (2011). Strømme has also collaborated with Jono El Grande, Sandvika Storband, Gunnhild Nyborg, La Mascara Snake and Birgitte Damberg.

## Discography

* 1999: Instant Critique (Arbin Prod), with Edvard Bredok
* 1999: Lining Up! (Sandvika Storband), with Sandvika Storband
* 2003: .....Goes Fishing (Osito Records), with La Mascara Snake
* 2003: Fevergreens (Rune Grammofon), with Jono El Grande
* 2007: Selected Recordings (Parallell Records), with Peloton
* 2008: Så Lenge Det Er Natt (Norsk Rock), single with Rex Rudi
* 2009: Corrupted Mirror (Parallell Records), Nickelsen, Strømme, Nylander
* 2011: The Early Years (Parallell Records), with Peloton
# Mixter Blacksmith Shop

Mixter Blacksmith Shop is a historic blacksmith shop located at Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. It was built about 1840 in the Greek Revival style to house a commercial operation and modified about 1890 in the Queen Anne style to accommodate mixed use activities. It is a two-story building built into a slope. It is constructed of load-bearing local granite and topped by a medium pitched roof clad in raised seam metal.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# Chungmusa (Gogeumdo)

Chungmusa is a shrine located in Gogeum-myeon, Wando County, South Jeolla Province, South Korea, built to remember the spirit of Admiral Yi Sun-sin.
Chungmusa on Gogeum continues to hold a memorial service every year on April 28, the admiral’s birthday, and mark his patriotic fall on November 19.

## History

The main building of Chungmusa was first built as ‘the Tomb of Guan Yu’ in the 31st year of Seonjo of Joseon reign (1598) by a Ming dynasty admiral to enshrine and pay homage to Guan Yu, the Chinese dynasty’s war god, and wish for a victory in the war.
In the 7th year of Hyeonjong of Joseon reign (1666), Yu Bi-yeon as the new commanding general of Western Jeolla Province Naval Command expanded it and built Okcheonsa Temple beside the Tomb of Guan Yu for memorial service.
In the 9th year of Sukjong of Joseon reign (1686), a new shrine was built west of the Tomb of Guan Yu to commemorate Admiral Yi Sun-sin, and the whole compound came to enshrine three persons, Guan Yu and Chen Lin in the eastern building and Yi Sun-sin in the western building.
During Hyeonjong of Joseon reign, the officials of the six counties or prefectures of Yeongam, Gangjin, Boseong, and Haenam conducted memorial services on two annual occasions of Gyeongchib and Sanggang.
In the 15th year of his reign (1791), Jeongjo of Joseon granted a plaque of ‘Tanbomyo’ in his handwriting, when the shrine also began to honor Ming’s Admiral Deng Zilong who was killed in the battle of Noryang. As a 70-year-old deputy of Chen Lin, Deng Zilong met a valiant death in the same battle in which Admiral Yi Sun-sin fought alongside.
During the Period of Japanese Occupation, the entire paraphernalia of artifices (armor, books, murals, and plaques) including the statue of Guan Yu and memorial tablets were thrown into the sea according to the policy that intended to suppress the national spirit, while the Buddha statue of Okcheonsa Temple alone was moved to Baegunsa Temple where it was kept.
In 1945 after the national liberation, the Korean Confucianism of Gogeumdo led the effort to rebuild the shrine on the old site of the Tomb of Guan Yu and changed the plaque to Chungmusa, thus honoring Admiral Yi Sun-sin in its main hall.
In 1959, Jo Bangjang, Admiral Yi’s adjutant, and Yi Yeong-nam, then an officer in charge of Garipo, were honored in the eastern building, and services have since been held every year on Admiral Yi Sun-sin’s Anniversary on April 28 and his death on November 19 (on lunar calendar).