OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alternative culture

Alternative culture is a type of culture that exists outside or on the fringes of mainstream or popular culture, usually under the domain of one or more subcultures. These subcultures may have little or nothing in common besides their relative obscurity, but cultural studies uses this common basis of obscurity to classify them as alternative cultures, or, taken as a whole, the alternative culture. Compare with the more politically charged term, counterculture.
# O (Mongolic)

O is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.$^{:549–551}$

## Mongolian language

Letter$^{:17,19–20}$$^{:546}$ :
| o | Transliteration |
| ᠣ | Alone |
| ᠣ‍ | Initial |
| ‍ᠣ‍ | Medial |
| ‍ᠣ | Final |
Ligatures$^{:22–23}$$^{:546}$ :
| bo | po | Transliteration |
| ᠪᠣ | ᠫᠣ | Alone |
| ᠪᠣ‍ | ᠫᠣ‍ | Initial |
| ‍ᠪᠣ‍ | ‍ᠫᠣ‍ | Medial |
| ‍ᠪᠣ | ‍ᠫᠣ | Final |
* Transcribes Chakhar /ɔ/; Khalkha /ɔ/, /ə/, and /∅/.$^{:40–42}$ Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter о.
* Indistinguishable from u, except where o can be inferred from its context:
** o is found in medial or final syllables if it's also found syllable-initially (and occasionally after a syllable-initial i).$^{:11,19}$$^{:9–10}$
* ‍ᠣ᠋ = the final form used in loanwords, as in ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ radio (радио radio).$^{:48}$$^{:36}$
* ‍ᠣ᠋‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.$^{:44}$
* Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.$^{:539–540,545–546}$$^{:111,113}$$^{:35}$
* Produced with W using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.
* In the Mongolian Unicode block, o comes after i and before u.
# The Queen Was in the Parlour (film)

The Queen Was in the Parlour is a 1927 Anglo-German silent drama film directed by Graham Cutts and starring Lili Damita, Louis Ralph and Paul Richter. It was based on the Noël Coward play The Queen Was in the Parlour. Its German title was Die letzte Nacht.

## Production

The film was made as part of an Anglo-German co-production between Gainsborough Pictures and the leading German company UFA. It was shot at UFA's Babelsberg Studio in Berlin. It was the first of several co-productions between Gainsborough and German companies.

## Cast

* Lili Damita as Nadya
* Louis Ralph as Prince Alex
* Paul Richter as Sabien Pascal
* Harry Liedtke as Prince Keri
* Trude Hesterberg as Herzogin Xenia
* Rudolf Klein-Rogge as General Kish
* Ernő Verebes as King's Adjutant
* Frida Richard as Zana
# Elias Venezis

Elias Venezis (Greek: Ηλίας Βενέζης; March 4, 1904 – August 3, 1973) is the pseudonym of Elias Mellos (Ηλίας Μέλλος), a major Greek novelist. He was born in 1904 in Ayvalık (Kydonies) in Asia Minor and died in Athens in 1973. He wrote many books, of which the most famous are Number 31328 and Aeolian Earth. He is considered to be one of the writers of "Generation of the '30s".

## Biography

Elias Venezis was born and raised in "Aivali" (the hellenized pronunciation of Ayvalık), where he completed high school. In 1914, Venezis’ family fled from Ayvalik to Lesbos to avoid persecution but returned to Asia Minor after the Greek army took over Smyrna and its hinterland in 1919. When the area was recaptured by the Turkish Army in 1922, Venezis was taken prisoner and enslaved in a “labour battalion”. He was 18 years old. The prisoners were marched into the interior, but few arrived at the destination, since most of them were either killed on the way, or died of the hardships they were exposed to. Of the 3000 "conscripted" into his “labour brigade” only 23 survived.
When Venezis was released he was returned to Lesbos. There he met Stratis Myrivilis, who had founded the weekly newspaper Kambana, and was encouraged by him to write an account of "his horrific experiences as a hostage in Turkey" for the newspaper. The novel which resulted was published in serialised form in Kambana in 1924. However it did not become well known in Greece until an expanded version was published in book form in 1931.
His major novels are about his life in Asia Minor: Aeolian Land describes the lost Eden of his childhood summers; Number 31328 the horrific experience of the death marches, and Tranquility his struggle to adjust to living in Greece.
In Greece, Venezis worked for a bank while writing in his spare time. He married Stavritsa Molyviati in 1938. She too was from Ayvalik.
During the German occupation of Greece, Venezis was taken prisoner again. He was released following the intercession of high-ranking Greek officials including Archbishop Damaskinos.
After the war, Venezis wrote a column in the newspaper Acropolis. He was made a member of the Academy of Athens.

## Books by Elias Venezis

* Number 31328 (Το Νούμερο 31328, 1924; 1931)
* Manolis Lekas and Other Stories (1928)
* Tranquility (Γαλήνη, 1939)
* Aeolian Earth (Αιολική Γη, 1943)
* Block C (play, 1945)
* Exodus (Έξοδος, 1950)

## Books in English

* Elias Venezis by Alexander & Helen Karanikas (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1969)
* Block C by Elias Venezis (Athens: I.D. Kollarou, 1946)
* Aeolia by Elias Venezis, trans. E. D. Scott-Kilvert (London: William Campion, 1949; New York: Vanguard Press, 1957)
* Aiolian Land by Elias Venezis (Montréal: McGill University, 1979) in the series The McGill University Companions to Modern Greek Studies
* Land of Aeolia by Ilias Venezis - Therese Sellers (Translator) - Denise Harvey 2021
# Manganese(II) oxide

Manganese(II) oxide is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO. It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large scale as a component of fertilizers and food additives.

## Structure, stoichiometry, reactivity

Like many metal monoxides, MnO adopts the rock salt structure, where cations and anions are both octahedrally coordinated. Also like many metal oxides, manganese(II) oxide is often nonstoichiometric: its composition can vary from MnO to MnO$_{1.045}$.
Below 118 K MnO is antiferromagnetic. MnO has the distinction of being one of the first compounds to have its magnetic structure determined by neutron diffraction, the report appearing in 1951. This study showed that the Mn$^{2+}$ ions form a face centered cubic magnetic sub-lattice where there are ferromagnetically coupled sheets that are anti-parallel with adjacent sheets.
Manganese(II) oxide undergoes the chemical reactions typical of an ionic oxide. Upon treatment with acids, it converts to the corresponding manganese(II) salt. Oxidation of manganese(II) oxide gives manganese(III) oxide.

## Preparation and occurrence

MnO occurs in nature as the rare mineral manganosite. It is prepared commercially by reduction of MnO$_2$ with hydrogen, carbon monoxide or methane, e.g.:
    MnO$_2$ + H$_2$ → MnO + H$_2$O
    MnO$_2$ + CO → MnO + CO$_2$
Upon heating to 450 °C, manganese(II) nitrate gives a mixture of oxides, denoted MnO$_{2−x}$, which can be reduced to the monoxide with hydrogen at ≥750 °C. MnO is particularly stable and resists further reduction. MnO can also be prepared by heating the carbonate:
    MnCO$_3$ → MnO + CO$_2$
This calcining process is conducted anaerobically, lest Mn$_2$O$_3$ form.
An alternative route, most interest for demonstration purposes, is the "oxalate method". Also applicable to the synthesis of ferrous oxide and stannous oxide, it entails heating in an oxygen-free atmosphere (often CO$_2$), hydrated manganese(II) oxalate:
    MnC$_2$O$_4$·2H$_2$O → MnO + CO$_2$ + CO + 2 H$_2$O

## Applications

Together with manganese sulfate, MnO is a component of fertilizers and food additives. Many thousands of tons are consumed annually for this purpose. Other uses include: a catalyst in the manufacture of allyl alcohol, ceramics, paints, colored glass, bleaching tallow and textile printing.
# Mark Reed (baseball)

Mark Garland Reed (born April 13, 1986) is an American former professional baseball player and a current head coach for the Hillsboro Hops, the High-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks.

## Career

Reed was originally drafted in the third round (96th overall) in the 2004 MLB draft by the Chicago Cubs out of Bonita High School. Scouts originally compared Reed to Mike Lieberthal. Reed used an open stance and an aggressive approach at plate, which, when combined with his quick bat, led to hard contact. His older brother, Jeremy Reed, played in the Chicago White Sox organization. After the 2011 season, Reed decided to test the minor league free agent market and joined the Diamondbacks A-Ball affiliate. A hand injury and crowded depth chart at the catcher position slowed things down once again. After an injury to Jeff Motuzas, the Diamondbacks’ longtime bullpen catcher, Reed was called up to serve as the Diamondbacks' bullpen catcher.
Reed began working as a hitting coach for the Hillsboro Hops in 2020. He was promoted to the Reno Aces' coaching staff in 2022. In 2024, Reed rejoined the Hillsboro Hops, this time as the Bench Coach.
Reed also served as the bullpen catcher for the 2013 and 2017 World Baseball Classic tournaments.
# Heinz Standenat

Heinrich "Heinz" Standenat (5 August 1913 – 1992) was an Austrian diplomat.

## Early life

Standenat was born on 5 August 1913 in Vienna. He was the son of Ansy Hardung and Rudolf Standenat. Standenat studied law at the University of Vienna and the University of Paris and received a doctorate in law.

## Career

After 1945, Heinrich Standenat was a freelance journalist and employee of Radio Vienna. At the end of 1947, he joined the foreign service and was employed by the Economic Liaison Office in Paris. When this was upgraded to an embassy, he was a confidant of the Socialists and a member of the Austrian delegation to the OECD. From 1955 he headed the multilateral economic relations department in the Foreign Ministry and negotiated the coal and steel agreement between the EU and Austria.

### Diplomatic career

From 1958 to 1962 he was ambassador in Cairo and was co-accredited to the governments in Khartoum and Addis Ababa. From 1962 to 1965 he headed the economic policy section in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1965 to 1968 he was ambassador in Madrid. From 1968 to 1972 he was again ambassador in Cairo and accredited to the governments of Aden, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Somalia and Sudan. From 1975 to 1978 he was ambassador in Moscow.

## Personal life

Standenat was married to Inge Kichniawy. His children were Yuri Wolfgang Standenat (b. 1940), who also became a diplomat, and Julika Standenat Kruse.
Standenat died in 1992 and was buried at the Vienna Central Cemetery.
# Josep Sunyol

Josep Sunyol i Garriga (21 July 1898, Barcelona – 6 August 1936, Sierra de Guadarrama) was a Catalan lawyer, journalist and politician from Spain. He was president of FC Barcelona, a prominent politician for the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), and ERC deputy in the Congress of Deputies in 1931, 1933 and 1936.

## Life

Sunyol came from both a wealthy family and a long line of Catalan political militants. He was a member of Acció Catalana, a left-wing group and Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya.
In 1928 he became a director of FC Barcelona and in 1930 he founded the left-wing newspaper La Rambla, which opposed the Primo de Rivera regime. In 1931 he was elected to the Cortes as an ERC deputy. He was subsequently re-elected in 1933 and 1936.
He served as president of both the Reial Automòbil Club de Catalunya and the Federació Catalana de Futbol. In 1935 he was elected president of FC Barcelona.

## Assassination

On 6 August 1936, during the early days of the Spanish Civil War, Sunyol was arrested by Francoist troops in the Sierra de Guadarrama and was then murdered by one of Franco's soldiers. His body was only exhumed in the 1990s, following a campaign by Els Amics de Josep Sunyol (The Friends of Josep Sunyol) for FC Barcelona to commemorate the 60th anniversary of his death in 1996. A memorial stone to Sunyol was placed in a park nearby the location he was killed, and Sunyol is now described as 'the Martyr President' by FC Barcelona.
# Sha (Mongolic)

Sha is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.$^{:549–551}$

## Mongolian language

Letter$^{:13,17,23}$$^{:546}$$^{:212,214}$ :
| š | Transliteration |
| ᠱ‍ | Initial |
| ‍ᠱ‍ | Medial (syllable-initial) |
| ‍ᠱ‍ | Medial (syllable-final) |
| (‍ᠱ) | Final |
C-V syllables$^{:41}$ :
| ša, še | ši | šo | šu | šö, šü | Transliteration |
| ᠱᠠ | ᠱᠢ | ᠱᠣ᠋ | ᠱᠣ᠋ | ᠱᠥ᠋ | Alone |
| ᠱᠠ | ᠱᠢ | ᠱᠣ | — | ᠱᠥ᠋ | Alone |
| ᠱᠠ‍ | ᠱᠢ‍ | ᠱᠣ‍ | ᠱᠣ‍ | ᠱᠥ‍ | Initial |
| ‍ᠱᠠ‍ | ‍ᠱᠢ‍ | ‍ᠱᠣ‍ | ‍ᠱᠣ‍ | ‍ᠱᠣ‍ | Medial |
| ‍ᠱᠠ | ‍ᠱᠢ | ‍ᠱᠣ | ‍ᠱᠣ | ‍ᠱᠣ | Final |
* Transcribes Chakhar /ʃ/; Khalkha /ʃ/. Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ш.
* Final š is only found in modern Mongolian words.$^{:15}$$^{:37}$
* Derived from Old Uyghur merged samekh and shin (𐽻 and 𐽿).$^{:539–540,545–546}$$^{:111,113–114}$$^{:35}$
* Produced with X using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.
* In the Mongolian Unicode block, š comes after s and before t.
# Liquirizia

Liquirizia (Italian for "Liquorice") is a 1979 Italian teen comedy film written and directed by Salvatore Samperi and starring Christian De Sica, Barbara Bouchet, Jenny Tamburi, Teo Teocoli and Tino Schirinzi.

## Cast

* Christian De Sica as Gian Galeazzo Lo Cascio
* Barbara Bouchet as Raffaella
* Teo Teocoli as Flyn
* Jenny Tamburi as Marina
* Gigi Ballista as Mr. Bartolozzi
* Tino Schirinzi as The Professor
* Stefano Ruzzante as Carletto
* Massimo Anzellotti as Fulvio
* Enzo Cannavale as The custode
* Eros Pagni as The barista
* Giancarlo Magalli as Mimic
* Benedetta Fazzini as la figlia del sig. Bartolozzi
* Simona Mariani as Giulia
* Carmen Russo as Fulvio's Girlfriend
* Enzo Liberti as Fulvio's Father
* Ricky Gianco as himself
* Sandro Ghiani as A Student
# Moquin's Bakery

Moquin's Bakery, also known locally as the Biscuit Factory and the National Biscuit Company, is a historic former industrial facility at 78 Rose Street in Burlington, Vermont. Built in 1915 by a local bakery, it was acquired and enlarged by the National Biscuit Company (now better known as Nabisco), which operated here until 1969. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 for its economic and commercial historic significance, and has since then been converted into residences.

## Description and history

The former Moquin's Bakery building stands in a predominantly residential area of Burlington's Old North End, on the east side of Rose Street between Cedar Street and Manhattan Drive. It is a large two-story brick building, with single-story extensions on both sides. The main facade is seven bays wide, with the central section having three bays articulated by brick pilasters. The outermost bays consist of paired sash windows, set in segmented-arch openings, above which is a band of brick corbelling. Although it is basically symmetrical, the building has a complex construction history, beginning as a single-story two-bay structure in the center of the structure.
The oldest portion of the building was erected in 1915 by John, Fred and Julius Moquin, and by the 1920s had grown to be a major local economic presence, delivering bread and other bakery products across the state. The Moquin's withdrew from the business in the 1930s, and it eventually merged with the National Biscuit Company. The plant was substantially enlarged about 1940, and had by 1945 achieved most of its present size and scale. It was closed in 1969, and was used for a time as a warehouse before a brief reuse as a bakery in 1982. It has since been adaptively repurposed into residences.
# Cape Henry Memorial

The Cape Henry Memorial commemorates the first landfall at Cape Henry, in Virginia Beach, Virginia, of colonists bound for the Jamestown settlement. After landing on April 26, 1607, they explored the area, named the cape, and set up a cross before proceeding up the James River. A stone cross, set up in 1935 by the Daughters of the American Colonists, stands in the quarter-acre site. The memorial marks the First Landing, the very beginning of what would become British North America and subsequently Anglo Canada and the United States of America.
The Memorial also overlooks the scene of the Battle of the Virginia Capes, in which the French navy prevented the British from reinforcing General Cornwallis, and led to the Franco-American victory at Yorktown. A statue of Admiral Comte de Grasse and a granite memorial honor those who fought in the battle.
Although not memorialized at the park, this was also the location of the earlier smaller naval Battle of Cape Henry in which British and French naval squadrons fought in 1781.
The Cape Henry Memorial is within Joint Expeditionary Base East, but is an isolated unit of Colonial National Historical Park. A national park passport stamp for the Memorial can be obtained at the adjacent Old Cape Henry Light (not formally part of the Memorial).
# Pelicar (mencey)

Pelicar, also written Pellicar or Belicar was a Guanche mencey king of Menceyato of Icode in times of the conquest of Tenerife in the fifteenth century.
Pelicar joined the king of Menceyato de Taoro, Bencomo, to repel the Spanish invasion in 1494, including its menceyato in war camps. However, some historians as Viera y Clavijo indicate that Pelicar not allied with Bencomo, as wary of the ambitions of this. Finally, after successive defeats and the loss of key Guanche kings (Bencomo, Tinguaro and Bentor), the mencey of Icode surrendered in 1496, subject to the conquerors in the act known as Paz de Los Realejos.
Pelicar was taken to the court of the Catholic Monarchs by Alonso Fernández de Lugo along with six other menceyes to be presented to the monarchs. And in court, Pelicar was sold into slavery unfairly by the royal butler Pedro Patiño, who had been delivered to be his guardian, being released by royal command soon after. The ultimate fate of mencey except possibly ending his days in Seville as a free man is not known.
# Leon Grange No. 795

Leon Grange No. 795, also known as the Aiken-Silvernail House, is a historic home located at Leon in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was built in 1903–1904, and is a two-story, three bay by four bay, frame building. It has a gable roof and is sheathed in clapboard siding. The building has housed the Leon Historical Society since 1977.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
# Microrhopala rubrolineata

Microrhopala rubrolineata is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America. Like other Microrhopala species, they prefer plants with composite flowers, especially the goldenrods and daisy-sunflower types.

## Subspecies

These four subspecies belong to the species Microrhopala rubrolineata:
* Microrhopala rubrolineata militaris
* Microrhopala rubrolineata rubrolineata J. L. LeConte, 1859
* Microrhopala rubrolineata signaticollis J. L. LeConte, 1859
* Microrhopala rubrolineata vulnerata Horn, 1883
# Bihlewala

Bihlewala is a village located in the Faridkot district of Punjab.
# Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science

The Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science (LFCS) is a research institute within the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh, in Scotland. It was founded in 1987 by Rod Burstall, Robin Milner, Gordon Plotkin and Matthew Hennessy. It is a community of theoretical computer scientists with interests in concurrency, semantics, categories, algebra, types, logic, algorithms, complexity, databases and modelling.
# Khawaspur

Khawaspur is a village, located in Rupnagar District, Punjab, in India. This village is located 3 kilometers from Ropur (now Roopnagar), which serves as both the district and sub-district headquarters. The total area of Khawaspur village is 174 hectares (1.74 square kilometers). The nearest police station is situated in the Rupnagar tahsil.

## Demographics

Khawaspur is a rural village in Rupnagar District, Punjab, with a population of 1,340 people living in 251 households. The village has a fairly balanced gender distribution, with 686 males and 654 females. Children aged 0-6 years make up 5.9% of the population, with 48 boys and 31 girls. The literacy rate stands at 81%, with 1,022 literate individuals (542 males and 480 females), and 318 individuals are illiterate (144 males and 174 females).(according to Indian census 2011)
Regarding employment, 390 individuals are classified as workers, with 315 main workers and 75 marginal workers. The Scheduled Caste (SC) population comprises 525 people, including 269 males and 256 females.

## Notable feature

Khawaspur is a popular village in Rupnagar District, Punjab, known as the ancestral village of Kanshi Ram, the founder of BAMCEF, DS4, and the Bahujan Samaj Party. Kanshi Ram completed his science studies at Government College, Ropar, in 1955.
On March 15, 2021, a statue of Kanshi Ram was unveiled in Khawaspur by then Delhi Cabinet Minister Rajendra Pal Gautam, with support from Kanshi Ram’s nephew, Balwinder Singh, and village sarpanch Manpreet Singh.
# José Waitman

José Waitman (born April 28, 1964 – April 17, 2013) was an American professional basketball player. Standing at 6 ft 8 (2.03 m) and 220 lbs (100 kg), he was a forward. He played four seasons of collegiate basketball for South Alabama, from 1982 to 1986.
In the 1986–87 season, Waitman played professionally in the Dutch Eredivisie for Den Helder (then named Direktbank Noordkop). He won the Most Valuable Player award of the league.
From 1988 to 1989, Waitman played for Elitzur Netanya of the Israeli Basketball Premier League, where he averaged 18.8 points per game. In the same season, he also played in France with Toulouse of the LNB Pro A. The next season, Waitman played for Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez of the second-tier LNB Pro B.
In 1998–99, Waitman played with Maccabi Ra'anana, averaging 10.9 points and 6.1 rebounds a game.
His son Corliss Waitman also attended South Alabama. Instead of playing basketball, Corliss ended up in the NFL as a punter. He currently plays for the Pittsburgh Steelers.
# Mattapax

Mattapax is a historic home located at Stevensville, Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States. It is a 1+1⁄2-story Flemish bond brick house, three bays wide, and one room deep, with flush brick chimneys at either end of a pitched gable roof built about 1760. In 1949 a restoration resulted in the construction of a brick wing to replace an earlier frame wing. Also on the property are a frame cottage, a large horse barn, and a frame wagon shed.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.