OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Transit desert

A transit desert is an area with limited transportation supply. Developed from the concept of food deserts, various methods have been proposed to measure transit deserts. Transit deserts are generally characterized by poor public transportation options and possibly poor bike, sidewalk, or road infrastructure. The lack of transportation options present in transit deserts may have negative effects of people’s health, job prospects, and economic mobility.

## History

The term 'desert' has been variously applied to areas that lack key services like banks, food access, or even books. The idea of transit deserts was coined by Junfeng Jiao and Maxwell Dillivan, first appearing in print in 2013. Since that time, the concept of transit deserts has been expanded upon and competing definitions and measurement techniques have emerged.

## Definitions
### Gap-based measurements

Gap-based measurement techniques are the most prominent and well-defined definition of transit deserts. Such methods typically use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based methods to measure the gap between transportation supply and demand. These methods quantify demand and supply and then subtract demand from supply in order to find the "gap" in transit service. Areas that fall below a certain threshold are termed "transit deserts". Using this method studies have found that nearly all cities in the United States have transit deserts. Studies have also consistently shown that central business districts are almost never transit deserts, but the locations of transit desert areas varies considerably in different cities.

### No-transit definition

A more informal definition of transit deserts has also emerged in which areas that lack some type of transportation, most often public transportation like buses and subway stops, are termed transit deserts. Sometimes this definition has been expanded or slightly redefined to refer areas that lack a certain type of transportation such as "subway deserts".

## Implications

The causes of transit deserts are much debated. Some have cited suburban sprawl and deliberately segregationist policies as some of the leading causes of transit deserts. Still others contend that transit deserts are often the result of poor planning practices and that better transit planning can help alleviate them.
# Yu Yunbo

Yu Yunbo (Chinese: 俞云波; January 1936 – 25 June 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as vice chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy procurator-general of Shanghai People's Procuratorate. He also served as vice president of China Zhi Gong Party from 1997 to 2002.
He was a member of the 7th and 8th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th and 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Yu was born in Fuqing County (now Fuqing), Fujian in January 1936 but was raised in Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He settled down in China in 1952.
After graduating from the Department of International Politics, Renmin University of China, in 1960, he worked in north China's Shanxi province. He joined the faculty of Fudan University in 1974, and worked there until 1985. Since 1985, he worked in the Shanghai Municipal Committee of China Zhi Gong Party. He was deputy procurator-general of Shanghai People's Procuratorate in April 1991, and held that office until November 1996, when he was appointed vice president of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese. In 1997, he rose to become vice president of China Zhi Gong Party.
On 25 June 2022, he died of an illness in Shanghai, at the age of 86.

## Autobiography

* 宇下草野烟云路 一位追梦归侨的自述 [Cloud Road in the Grass Field under the Sky: a Self Account of a Returned Overseas Chinese Pursuing a Dream] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House. 2014. ISBN 9787208124011.
# Hans Thoma

Hans Thoma (2 October 1839 – 7 November 1924) was a German painter.

## Biography

Hans Thoma was born on 2 October 1839 in Bernau, Grand Duchy of Baden, in the Black Forest, Germany. He was the son of a miller and was trained in the basics of painting by a painter of clock faces.
He entered the Karlsruhe Academy in 1859, where he studied under Johann Wilhelm Schirmer and Ludwig des Coudres – the latter of which had a major influence on his career. Thoma also studied under Hans Gude, but rebelled against Gude's realism. He subsequently studied and worked, with but indifferent success, in Düsseldorf, Paris, Italy, Munich and Frankfurt, until his reputation became firmly established as the result of an exhibition of some thirty of his paintings in Munich.
He died in Karlsruhe in 1924 at the age of 85.

## Style

In spite of his studies under various masters, his art has little in common with modern ideas, and is formed partly by his early impressions of the simple idyllic life of his native district, partly by his sympathy with the early German masters, particularly with Albrecht Altdorfer and Lucas Cranach the Elder. In his love of the details of nature, in his precise drawing of outline, and in his predilection for local coloring, he has distinct affinities with the Pre-Raphaelites.

## Works

Many of his pictures have found their way into two private collections in Liverpool. A portrait of the artist and two subject pictures, The Guardian of the Valley and Spring Idyll are at the Galerie Neue Meister; Eve in Paradise and The Open Valley at the Städel. Other important pictures of his are Paradise, Christ and Nicodemus, The Flight into Egypt, Charon, Pietà, Adam and Eve, Solitude, Tritons, besides many landscapes and portraits.
He also produced numerous lithographs and pen drawings, and some decorative mural paintings, notably in a café at Frankfurt, and in the music room of the Alfred Pringsheim house in Munich.
Thoma's artwork was favored by Nazis during the Third Reich 1933-1945 and he was listed among official painters. Artworks acquired for Adolf Hitler's planned Führermuseum in Linz included Badende Jünglinge (bathing boys), looted from the Jewish collector Adolf Bensinger in 1939, and Blick auf Mamolsheim, looted from the Jewish collectors Martin and Florence Flersheim. Other artworks by Thoma that were acquired during the Nazi era from Jewish collectors include "Dusk at Lake Garda", looted from the Jewish collector Ottmar Strauss, "Springtime in the Mountains/Children’s Dance," sold under duress in 1938 by Hedwig Ullmann, Sinnendes Mädchen / Frau mit Schimmel (‘Pensive Girl/Women with White Horse’) (Lost Art-ID 302432) looted from the Jewish art collector Smoschewer in 1939 and The Rhine at Säckingen in the Black Forest formerly owned by Max Emden. The German Lost Art Database lists several paintings by Thoma.
* Sunday Peace
* Still life with a hare, pheasants and a lobster
* Portrait of Conrad Fiedler
* The Mountains of Carrara
* View of Mamolsheim
* Children with a Herd of Goats
* Eight Dancing Maidens in Bird Costumes
# Bow Gamelan Ensemble

The Bow Gamelan Ensemble was a group of musicians in Bow, London, England, who used elements of gamelan music. Formed in 1983 by Richard Wilson with Paul Burwell and Anne Bean, the group disbanded in 1990. The ensemble created a theatrical experience, going beyond the normal definitions of music, and adapted their performances to the environment. They performed at Three Mills on the River Lea and many other novel venues.
# By the Sad Sea Waves

By the Sad Sea Waves is a 1917 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd.

## Plot

Trying to woo Bebe on a beach, Harold impersonates a life guard. Among his misadventures, Harold is wrongly credited with saving two male swimmers from drowning but he eventually does rescue Bebe.

## Cast

* Harold Lloyd
* Snub Pollard
* Bebe Daniels
* Frank Alexander as Bather
* William Blaisdell
* Sammy Brooks
* Rudolph Bylek
* Billy Fay (as William Fay)
* Florence Gibson
* Clyde E. Hopkins
* Oscar Larson
* Gus Leonard
* Vivian Marshall
* Belle Mitchell
* Fred C. Newmeyer
* Dorothea Wolbert (as Dorothy Wolbert)
# W.A. Chip & Pulp Co.

The W.A. Chip & Pulp Company was founded in 1969 to export woodchips from sustainable bluegum plantations after the Government of Western Australia granted a Bunnings led consortium rights to establish a woodchip project in Manjimup. In August 2000, the business was sold to Marubeni.
Before it was able to commence, environmental concerns had to be addressed, and considerable concern was raised by organisations that opposed the project. The Campaign to Save Native Forests, South West Forests Defence Foundation, and Conservation Council of Western Australia all published materials questioning the soundness of the project. As a consequence, within a few years of commencing operation, regular environmental reviews were carried out to monitor the effect of the operation.
The company has maintained production for three decades, and has utilised port facilities at Bunbury for the export of its product.

## Publication

* Woodchip news Perth [W.A.] : (unknown frequency) Dec. 1973, May 1974, Mar. 1975.
# Awaaz De Kahan Hai

Awaaz De Kahan Hai is a 1990 Bollywood drama film directed by Sibte Hasan Rizvi, starring Avinash Wadhavan, Shikha Swaroop, Bindu and Satyen Kappu.

## Cast

* Avinash Wadhavan
* Shikha Swaroop
* Bindu
* Satyen Kappu
* A.K. Hangal
* Annu Kapoor
* Anjan Srivastav

## Soundtrack

All songs were penned by Hasan Kamal. The music was composed by Naushad Ali.
| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Chali Re Chali Re Gori Chali Re" | Mohammed Aziz |
| 2 | "Chaha To Humne Magar" | Mohammed Aziz, Anuradha Paudwal |
| 3 | "Rulane Ko Aansu" (Male) | Mohammed Aziz |
| 4 | "Yaar Na Aaya Yaar Na Aaya" | Anuradha Paudwal, Mohammed Aziz |
| 5 | "Rulane Ko Aansu" (Female) | Anuradha Paudwal |
| 6 | "Aayi Re Holi Aayi" | Anuradha Paudwal, Mohammed Aziz |
| 7 | "Bhole Bhale Se Kuchh Matwale Se" | Mohammed Aziz |
| 8 | "Darpan Jo Dekha To Khud Se Lajayi" | Anuradha Paudwal |
# Inter-Scholastic Athletic Association

Inter-Scholastic Athletic Association or ISAA is an athletic sport organization in the Philippines formed in 2009 by Lyceum of the Philippines University. The Lyceum of the Philippines University started the process of formation of the league when the institution announced its intention to form a collegiate athletic association in 2004.

## List of members

* Air Link International Aviation College – The Blazing Phoenix
* FEATI University – FEATI Seahawks
* ICCT Colleges Foundation, Inc. – ICCT Blue Dragons
* La Consolacion College Manila – LCCM Blue Royals
* Manila Adventist College – MAC Soaring Angels
* Manila Tytana Colleges – MTC Titans
* PATTS College of Aeronautics – PATTS Sea Horses
* Philippine Women's University – PWU Patriots
* St. Dominic College of Asia – Dominican Pikemen
* Treston International College – Treston Golden Lions
* Trinity University of Asia – TUA Stallions
* University of Asia and the Pacific – UA&P Dragons
* WCC Aeronautical & Technological College – WCC Skyhawks

## Inactive Members

* Taguig City University – TCU Catfish
* FEU - East Asia College – iTamaraws

## Sports

* Basketball
* Volleyball
* Table Tennis
* Swimming
* Badminton
* Bowling
* Futsal
* Chess
# Carl Meyer (rower)

Carl James Meyer (born 3 September 1981) is a New Zealand rower. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Meyer is married to double Olympic gold medallist Caroline Evers-Swindell.
# Sylhet Shahi Eidgah

The Sylhet Shahi Eidgah (Bengali: সিলেট শাহী ঈদগাহ), or simply Shahi Eidgah, is an open prayer hall situated in Sylhet, north-east Bangladesh, three kilometers to the north-east of the guru nanak international circuit house, meant for the Eid prayers. It was built during the rule of Mughal Sultan Sarfaraz Khan. More than 100,000 people can perform prayer at same time in this eidgah. It is also one of the most visited tourist spots in the city. As well as for prayer uses and Islamic congregations, the eidgah has historically been a place to give speeches and host rallies by the likes of Mohandas Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. There have also been battles taken place there such as the Muharram Rebellion.

## History

During the rule of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, Farhad Khan was appointed as the faujdar of Sylhet. Farhad Khan supervised the construction of the Shahi Eidgah on a hill in the 17th century. On 16 December 1782 (10 Muharram 1197), the Pirzada of Sylhet two religious leaders, Syed Muhammad Hadi and Syed Muhammad Mahdi (known locally as Hada Miah & Mada Miah), led the first uprising against the British opposition in these grounds. The two brothers marched with their followers to the grounds with the main purpose for a tazia procession, but to also do a sudden attack against the British. However, Robert Lindsay, the colonial supervisor of the district, was already made aware of this and came armed with contingents forcing the rebels to surrender. The rebels declined and revolted and a short battle took place in the grounds. In the aftermath, the leader of the rebels died with Hadi and the Pirzada being shot dead by Lindsay himself. The incident, known as the 1782 Sylhet uprising, was also mentioned in Lindsay's diary while he was going back to Europe. Mohandas Gandhi gave a speech in these grounds as part of his non-cooperation movement, and many other politicians followed after as the years went by such as Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and A. K. Fazlul Huq.

## Architecture

Although designed like a grand Mughal fort, it is actually meant for Eid prayers. There are three gates to enter through and 15 domes. Through the large gate, there is a large pond, known locally as "fukoir" or "fukri", which is designated as a wudu khana. The ground contains a large mihrab in the center of the wall, with other smaller mihrabs scattered throughout. Around the borders of the eidgah are also many half-domed minars.
# Malik Jackson (boxer)

Malik Jackson (born August 9, 1994) is an amateur boxer from Washington, DC.
Jackson won the 2010-11 junior Olympic USA boxing title.
Jackson is a two-time USA Boxing flyweight champion.
At the 2013 AIBA World Boxing Championships Jackson won his first match by technical knockout to Vivaldo Rodrigues. Jackson lost in his second match to eventual bronze medal winner Andrew Selby.
# Gaio Chiocchio

Gaio Chiocchio (25 May 1954 – 28 July 1996) was a Brazilian-born Italian lyricist, record producer, composer, and singer-songwriter.

## Life and career

Born in Rio de Janeiro, Chiocchio was the nephew of the musicians and composers Oscar and Umberto Chiocchio. In 1974 he started his professional career co-founding the progressive band Pierrot Lunaire, where he served as composer, vocalist, guitarist and sitarist. After the group disbanded, Chiocchio became producer and artistic director of the record company IT, and collaborated with the label Una sors coniunxit.
In 1980, Chiocchio released his first solo work as singer-songwriter, the EP Londra, which was followed by the single "Piccolo fuso" and by a tour with Mario Castelnuovo, Marco Ferradini and Goran Kuzminac. In 1981, he started a 6 years-collaboration as a lyricist with Amedeo Minghi. Their songs of the time, notably "1950", received large critical acclaim. Since 1987, he collaborated with other artists, including Riccardo Cocciante and Paola Turci.
In 1989 Chiocchio collaborated with a multimedia project, Il Poliedro di Leonardo, which was screened as a Special Event at the 46th Venice International Film Festival. He suffered heart failure and died prematurely on 28 July 1996, aged 42 years old.
# Evžen Hadamczik

Evžen Hadamczik (28 October 1939 – 19 September 1984) was a Czech football manager and former player. He was responsible for the Golden Era of Baník Ostrava football club, winning the Czechoslovak First League in 1980 and 1981 with them. He is perceived as the legendary manager of the club.
As a young footballer, Hadamczik was injured in one of the matches, and was forced to end his active career at the age of 22. Because of that, he began his coaching career at very young age. He coached Spartak Dolní Benešov and Ostroj Opava prior to joining Baník Ostrava on 1 January 1978. During five years at Baník, Hadamczik modernized and transformed the team, which became one of the strongest in Czechoslovakia. Under his leadership, Baník won the Czechoslovak First League in 1980 and 1981 and thrice finished as runner-up. In the 1977/1978 season, the team won the Czechoslovak Cup. In this era Baník did not lose 74 home matches in a row, thus being almost five years undefeated at their home ground.
From 1982 to 1984, Hadamczik coached the Czechoslovak Olympic team. However, his long preparations with the Olympic team were wasted, as the communist authorities forbade Czechoslovak sportspeople to compete at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He also led the Czechoslovakia national team on 23 August 1984 in a match against East Germany in Erfurt.
Extensive neural load and work stress, as well as his illness, led to his death. On 19 September 1984 Evžen Hadamczik hanged himself in his garage in Ostrava. He is buried at the cemetery in his native Kravaře. Each year a memorial football tournament for youth, bearing his name, is played in Ostrava.
He was a brother of ice hockey coach Alois Hadamczik.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 FCB.cz: Evžen Hadamczik by slavil sedmdesátiny Archived 23 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 9 November 2009.
* ↑ Šiřina, Petr (27 July 2007). "Evžen Hadamczik, legendární trenér, který pozvedl Opavu". Opavský a hlučínský Deník.
* ↑ Bruzl and Šiřina 2004, 35.
* ↑ Bruzl and Šiřina 2004, 59.
# Adholokam

Adholokam is a 1988 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Thevalakkara Chellappan. The film stars Jagathy Sreekumar, Nedumudi Venu, Parijat and Thiagarajan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Raveendran.

## Cast

* Jagathy Sreekumar
* Nedumudi Venu as Peter
* Parijat
* Thiagarajan

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Raveendran and the lyrics were written by Balu Kiriyath.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Aakashappookkal" | R. Usha | Balu Kiriyath |
| 2 | "Aakashappookkal" (Pathos) | R. Usha | Balu Kiriyath |
| 3 | "Annam Pookkula" | K. S. Chithra | Balu Kiriyath |
# Surya Roshni

Surya Roshni Limited (formerly Prakash Surya Roshni Limited) is an Indian multinational company headquartered in Delhi that produces fans, steel, lighting, LED, kitchen appliances and PVC pipes. Surya exports its products over 44 countries and is one of the top manufacturers of LED lights in India.

## History

Surya Roshni Limited was established by B.D. Agarwal in 1973 as a tube making unit. Today it also manufactures LEDs, Lighting, PVC Fans. The company's current chairman is the Padma Shri awardee Jai Prakash Agarwal.

## Manufacturing plants

Surya Roshni's steel division is called Surya Steel Pipes with steel manufacturing plants in Bhuj (Gujarat), Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) and its primary steel plant in Bahadurgarh, Haryana. It also has a pipes and lighting production facility at Shimoga, Karnataka. It started commercial production on 1 March 2017 at their new steel pipe plant with an investment of ₹70 crore at Hindupur industrial area, Andhra Pradesh. Surya's lighting plant is in Kashipur, Uttarakhand and Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh). Additionally, the company has set up a R&D centre for LED lights in Uttarakhand.
# 1918 Banbury by-election

The Banbury by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Banbury, sometimes also referred to as North Oxfordshire,' on 24 September 1918. The seat had become vacant upon the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir Eustace Fiennes, to become Governor of the Seychelles.
The Liberal candidate, Colonel Rhys Williams, had been adopted by Banbury Liberal Association in preference to their previously selected candidate. It was reported he would stand as an Independent Liberal while still supporting the then Coalition government of prime minister David Lloyd George. Williams was returned unopposed.
# Monte Miletto

Monte Miletto is a mountain of Molise, Italy. It has an elevation of 2,050 metres above sea level.
# Jean Blue

Jean Irwin Blue (1906–1984) was an Australian actress, director and producer, active on stage and screen, starting from the late 1920's.

## Biography

Blue was born to Dr, Archibald Blue and Maud Howard Hutchins she is best known for The Overlanders. and Eureka Stockade. She worked extensively in theatre, particularly at the New Theatre in Sydney, which she joined in 1936 and then J.C. Williamson's. A notable role was the stage version The Lawsons, based on the radio series. Blue was also a trained nurse.
In 1946 she was fined for performing in a play What Happens to Love on the basis of it being an unlicensed venue.

## Select credits
### Film

* The Overlanders (1946)
* Eureka Stockade (1949)
* Bitter Springs (1950)
* Captain Thunderbolt (1953)

### Stage

* The Front Page (1929)
* Her Shop (1929)
* A Woman and Reality (1931)
* Waiting for Lefty (1936)
* Bury the Dead (1937)
* The Sword Sung (1938)
* Trumpets of Wrath (1938)
* Where's That Bomb? (1938)
* Six Men of Dorset (1938)
* Are You Ready Comrade (1939)
* Pastor Hall (1939)
* Blood on the Moon (1939)
* So It Didn't Work (with Plant in the Sun and Rehearsal) (1939)
* Where's That Bomb (1940)
* Stampede (1940)
* The Little Foxes (1944)
* Western Limit (1946) by Oriel Gray
* The Borgeouis Gentleman (1946)
* The Match Girls (1948)
* Woman Bites Dog (1947)
* Six Men of Dorset (1948)
* A Lion on the Square (1949)
* The Lawsons by Gwen Meredith (1950)
* The Good Hope (1950)
* All My Sons (1960)
* Tartuffe (1960)
* Lawson (1961) (revival)
* Our Dear Relations (1963)
* A Penny for a Song (1965)
# Bernardo Gianoncelli

Bernardo Gianoncelli (died before 1650) was an Italian composer and lutenist in first half of 17th century.

## Life and works

Gianoncelli (also known as “Il Bernardello”) was one of last Italian composers for the baroque lute. Very little is known about his life. In 1650 his widow published a collection of his compositions under the title Il liuto di Bernardo Gianoncelli (only surviving copy in Biblioteca Marciana library in Venice). The collection is made up of several suites, arranged according to key. They are among the last Italian contributions to the development of the suite as a closed musical form. Gianocelli's compositions reveal a new style that combines improved counterpoint with homophonic melodies. Gianoncelli’s best‐known pieces are three instrumental correntes and Bergamasca, from which a lute arrangement was made by Oscar Chilesotti and an orchestral version by Ottorino Respighi.

## Selected recordings

Three Correntes; Elissa Edwards and Richard Kolb, Christian Zimmermann
Bergamasca; Paul O'Dette
# Jilong (disambiguation)

Jilong may refer to:
* Keelung (基隆市), or Jilong from its pinyin name, city of Taiwan, Republic of China
* Jilong River

## Mainland China

All of the following entries are written as "吉隆":
* Gyirong County, or Jilong from its Chinese name, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet AR
** Gyirong Town, town in Gyirong County
** Gyirong (village), village in Gyirong County