OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Narrow-gap semiconductor

Narrow-gap semiconductors are semiconducting materials with a magnitude of bandgap that is smaller than 0.7 eV, which corresponds to an infrared absorption cut-off wavelength over 2.5 micron. A more extended definition includes all semiconductors with bandgaps smaller than silicon (1.1 eV). Modern terahertz, infrared, and thermographic technologies are all based on this class of semiconductors.
Narrow-gap materials made it possible to realize satellite remote sensing, photonic integrated circuits for telecommunications, and unmanned vehicle Li-Fi systems, in the regime of Infrared detector and thermography. They are also the materials basis for terahertz technology, including security surveillance of concealed weapon uncovering, safe medical and industrial imaging with terahertz tomography, as well as dielectric wakefield accelerators. Besides, thermophotovoltaics embedded with narrow-gap semiconductors can potentially use the traditionally wasted portion of solar energy that takes up ~49% of the sun light spectrum. Spacecraft, deep ocean instruments, and vacuum physics setups use narrow-gap semiconductors to achieve cryogenic cooling.

## List of narrow-gap semiconductors

    Name Chemical formula Groups Band gap (300 K) Mercury cadmium telluride Hg$_{1−x}$Cd$_x$Te II-VI 0 to 1.5 eV Mercury zinc telluride Hg$_{1−x}$Zn$_x$Te II-VI 0.15 to 2.25 eV Lead selenide PbSe IV-VI 0.27 eV Lead(II) sulfide PbS IV-VI 0.37 eV Telenium Te VI ~0.3 eV Lead telluride PbTe IV-VI 0.32 eV Magnetite Fe3O4 Transition Metal-VI 0.14 eV Indium arsenide InAs III-V 0.354 eV Indium antimonide InSb III-V 0.17 eV Germanium Ge IV 0.67 eV Gallium antimonide GaSb III-V 0.67 eV Cadmium arsenide Cd$_3$As$_2$ II-V 0.5 to 0.6 eV Bismuth telluride Bi$_2$Te$_3$ 0.21 eV Tin telluride SnTe IV-VI 0.18 eV Tin selenide SnSe IV-VI 0.9 eV Silver(I) selenide Ag$_2$Se 0.07 eV Magnesium silicide Mg$_2$Si II-IV 0.79 eV
# The Reeling

"The Reeling" is a song by American electronic band Passion Pit. It was released on May 11, 2009, as the first single from the band's debut studio album, Manners. The song features background vocals from the PS22 Chorus. Generally well received by music critics, the single entered the Billboard Alternative Songs chart in September 2009. In the United Kingdom, the single originally peaked at number 137, but was re-issued in January 2010, where it performed slightly better at number 99. With this improved showing, the record company then re-issued "Sleepyhead" in March 2010. The song was featured on soccer video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2011.
A music video for the song premiered in April 2009. It depicts a carefree night on the town and uses ripped-paper visual effects. A remixed version of "The Reeling" was used on the trailer for the fourth season of the British TV series Skins.

## Critical reception

Lou Thomas of the BBC praised the song's vocals and beats, and called it "unquestionably one of the greatest songs of 2009." Emily Kendrick of This Is Fake DIY noted the song's exuberance and compared it vocally to the Bee Gees. Louise Brailey of NME said the song's opening "sounds weirdly like an old-school hardcore breakdown, before collapsing into starry disco-pop." Mike Diver of Clash magazine said the song "combine[s] elements of the purest pop with compositional playfulness." Matthew Cole of Slant Magazine credits the song's ability, along with album track "Moth's Wings," to combine decades worth of "party music" genres, including disco, house, rave, and 1980s rock. Zach Kelly of Pitchfork Media described the song as sweet and earnest, adding that listeners "won't remember it the next morning, but it probably earned a grin the night before." Andrzej Lukowski of Drowned in Sound called the song "quite annoying," though he gave the album a favorable review overall.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Japan Hot 100 | 19 |
| UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) | 137 |
| U.S. Billboard Alternative Songs | 34 |
| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 74 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 99 |
# Coca-Cola Bottling Plant (Cincinnati, Ohio)

The Coca-Cola Bottling Plant is a historic manufacturing facility in the Evanston neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Constructed in the 1930s in high Streamline Moderne style, it no longer produces beverages, but has been named a historic site.
Around 2001, Xavier University purchased the building and converted it into the Alumni Center, a building holding the Xavier University National Alumni Association, Community Building Institute, Human Resources, Physical Plant department, and Office of University Communications.

## Bottling plant

The Coca-Cola Company ordered construction of the present building in the Evanston neighborhood during the Great Depression, It was completed in 1938. The designer was John H. Deekin, a Cincinnati architect. It is one of his most significant surviving structures. The plant was built largely of Indiana Limestone with substantial amounts of glass block, and smaller amounts of metal are also present. Although the facade is two stories tall, the main manufacturing section is just one story; a basement underlies much of the building. Some of the architecture, including the little-changed lobby, employs Art Deco details. In conjunction with the general Streamline Moderne appearance, the Art Deco features emphasize a sense of modernism with few parallels in the Cincinnati area, especially because the style's application to an industrial facility was unusual. The company promoted its use of highly mechanized production equipment at this facility; its ability to produce 500 bottles each minute was highly touted.

## Post-bottling

Coca-Cola no longer employs the building for beverage production. It was later converted for the use of F&W Publications, and then Xavier University acquired the property in early 2002. Renovations quickly began, with extra space used for offices and rented to Cincinnati Country Day School after one of its buildings collapsed. In June 2004, the university announced that a gift from wealthy alumni would be used to convert the building into an alumni center with space for conferences, banquets, and other types of meetings. Long before that time, the building had been granted recognition by the federal government: while still a manufacturing facility, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its historically significant architecture. Hundreds of locations in Cincinnati are listed on the National Register, but the bottling plant's status was exceptional due to its young age; it was only about forty years old when designated, and buildings younger than fifty years old can only qualify for designation in the most exceptional circumstances.
The building currently holds the Xavier University National Alumni Association, Community Building Institute, Human Resources, Physical Plant department, and Office of University Communications.
# Allen Memorial Art Museum

The Allen Memorial Art Museum (AMAM) is an art museum located in Oberlin, Ohio, and it is run by Oberlin College. Founded in 1917, the collection contains over 15,000 works of art.

## Overview

The AMAM is primarily a teaching museum and is aimed at the students, faculty and staff of Oberlin College, in addition to the surrounding community. Notable strengths include seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish art, nineteenth and early twentieth-century European and contemporary American art, as well as Asian, European and American works on paper. The collection is housed in an Italian Renaissance-style building designed by Cass Gilbert and named after its founder, Dr. Dudley Peter Allen (B.A., 1875), a graduate and trustee of Oberlin College and the first husband of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, whose bequest as Mrs. F. F. Prentiss included parts of her art collection started during her first marriage.
In 1977, Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown designed an addition that represents one of the earliest examples of postmodern architecture in the United States. In 2011, the historic museum underwent a two-year retrofit, after which it was awarded with USGBC LEED Gold certification.

## Collections

The Allen Memorial Art Museum has a collection of more than 15,000 objects – including paintings, sculpture, decorative arts, prints, drawings and photographs – that provide a comprehensive overview of the history of art from a variety of cultures. The collection has a focus on European and American paintings and sculpture from the 15th century to today, and also has holdings of Asian paintings, scrolls, sculpture and decorative art, including a large group of Ukiyo-e prints.
Ancient Egyptian, Greek, Roman, African and Pre-Columbian art is represented. The museum also houses the Eva Hesse archives, which includes the artist’s notebooks, diaries, photographs and letters, and it oversees, along with the Art Department, Frank Lloyd Wright's Weltzheimer/Johnson House.
Notable donations were made by Jewish industrialist, Eugene Leopold Garbaty, who fled Germany in the 1930.
In 2024, the museum restituted a watercolor by Egon Schiele entitled Schwarzes Mädchen to the heirs of Fritz Grünbaum, who was murdered in the Holocaust. The artwork was one of several seized by the Manhattan D.A. in a criminal investigation by the trafficking unit.

### Prentiss Fund

Purchases made through the Mrs. F.F. Prentiss Fund include a Henry Moore sculpture and other works:
* Brabant Farmyard by Piet Mondrian
* Portrait of John, 1st Lord Wodehouse, by Pompeo Batoni

## Art rental

At the beginning of every semester, students camp out in front of the north gate of the museum to get first pick of original etchings, lithographs and paintings by artists including Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Andy Warhol, Salvador Dalí, and Pablo Picasso. For five dollars per semester, students can hang these works on their dorm room walls.
The program was started in the 1940s by Ellen H. Johnson, a professor of art at Oberlin, in order to "develop the aesthetic sensibilities of students and encourage ordered thinking and discrimination in other areas of their lives."
# The Axe Murders of Villisca

The Axe Murders of Villisca is a 2016 American horror film directed by Tony E. Valenzuela, starring Robert Adamson, Jarrett Sleeper, Alex Frnka, Sean Whalen, Conchata Ferrell, Riley Bodenstab, Kellan Rhude and Jon Gries.

## Cast

* Robert Adamson as Caleb Hirsche
* Jarrett Sleeper as Denny Shea
* Alex Frnka as Jesse
* Sean Whalen as Reverend Kelly
* Conchata Ferrell as Mrs. Flanks
* Riley Bodenstab as Connor
* Kellan Rhude as Rob
* Jon Gries as Greg
* Madison Lawlor as Lena
* Ava Kolker as Ina
* Brett Rickaby as Caleb's father
* Urs Inauen as Matt
* Savannah Stehlin as Elsie Holloway
* Sophia Linkletter as Priscilla Conolly
* Joey Graceffa as Most Haunted Host
* Rachel Winfree as Margaret
* Bree Essrig as Paranormal Investigator
* Elsie Fisher as Ina (voice)

## Release

The film premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on 7 June 2016.

## Reception

Noel Murray of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film "never really comes to much, perhaps because its focus is too diffuse. The scares are low, and the plot under-baked."
Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Disjointed and confusing, the film fails to live up to the promise of its spooky setting."
Damond Fudge of KCCI called the film "jumbled mess that leaves a lot of unanswered questions".
# Kawésqar language

Kawésqar (Qawasqar), also known as Alacaluf, is a critically endangered Alacalufan language spoken in southern Chile by the Kawésqar people. Originally part of a small family, only the northern language remains. In 2009, only a handful of elderly people spoke the language, most of whom lived on Wellington Island off the southwest coast of Chile.

## Phonology
### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | | u |
| Mid | e | | o |
| Open | æ | a | |

### Consonants

| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | | |
| Plosive | Plain | p | t | t͡ɕ | k | q | ʔ |
| Plosive | Ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡ɕʼ | kʼ | | ʔ |
| Fricative | Fricative | f | s | | x | | h |
| Tap / flap | Tap / flap | | ɾ | | | | |
| Trill | Trill | | r | | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | l | j | | | |

## Alphabet

The alphabet in use has the following letters: a, æ, c, cꞌ, e, f, h, i, j, k, kꞌ, l, m, n, o, p, pꞌ, q, r, rr, s, t, tꞌ, u, w, x. However, differences are reported between dialects, and some sounds are not represented.

## Morphology and syntax

Kawésqar has a complex system of grammatical tense, which includes a basic morphological contrast between future, present, immediate past, recent past, distant past, and mythological past events.
# Joo Sae-hyuk

Joo Sae-hyuk (Korean: 주세혁, Korean pronunciation:; born 20 January 1980) is a South Korean table tennis player. As a singles player, he was a silver medalist at the 2003 World Table Tennis Championships, a bronze medalist at the 2011 Table Tennis World Cup, and a bronze medalist at the 2010 and 2014 Asian Games. In the team event, as a member of the South Korean National Team, he was a silver medalist in the 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014 Asian Games; the 2006 and 2008 World Championships; and the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## History

Joo Sae-hyuk was born in Seoul, South Korea on January 20, 1980. He stands 180 cm tall, and weighs 68 kg. He first started competing when he was 8 years old. He joined the national team in 2001, and fans began taking an interest in him for his dynamic defensive style.
Between April and May 2012, Joo Sae-hyuk was diagnosed with Behçet's disease, Although Behcet's disease is known to be incurable, it appears that Joo Sae-hyuk is still performing well. On the medical side, Joo Sae-hyuk relies on glucocorticoids to manage his disease.

## Style of Play

Joo Sae-hyuk has helped revive the popularity of the defensive style at the professional level. He is one of the few top-ranked players in the world (position 5 in 2012) to play a primarily defensive style, repeatedly returning the ball with heavy backspin on both wings. This has led many to dub him the best defensive player of all time. At the same time, he has a powerful topspin forehand that he uses to counterattack when the opportunity may arise. As with many defenders, his long rallies and entertaining style of play have made him a fan favourite. He is one of several foreign players in recent years to challenge China's dominance over the sport. Despite his age, he is still going strong on the tour.

## Rankings

Since June 2003, the International Table Tennis Federation has consistently ranked Joo Sae-hyuk as one of the 40 best table tennis players in the world after he defeated Ma Lin. Since July 2006, he has been consistently ranked in the ITTF's top 20. His peak rating was at #5, in March 2012.

## Coaches

* Yang Ki-ho - Personal Coach
* Yoo Nam-kyu - National Coach
* Kim Taek-soo - National Coach
# Shankargarh (disambiguation)

Shankargarh is a town and a nagar panchayat in Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh.
It may also refer to:
* Shankargarh, Balrampur, administrative blocks of Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh state.
* Shankarnagar, Madhya Pradesh, a town in Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh state.
* Shankar Nagar, village in Lumbini region of Rupandehi district in southern Nepal.
* Sankarnagar, a panchayat town in Tirunelveli district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu state.
# Polisportiva Alghero

Alghero Calcio is an Italian association football club located in Alghero, Sardinia. Its colours is red and yellow.
In the 2007–08 season of Serie D, Alghero finished 4th in Girone G, qualifying it for the promotional play-offs. As a playoff semi-finalist, the team won special promotion to Serie C2, now called Lega Pro Seconda Divisione, as one of the 5 top teams in the promotional play-offs.
In the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione 2008-09 season, the team finished tied with Montichiari for 13th position in Girone A, but avoided playing in the relegation play-offs by having the better head-to-head record.
Following bankruptcy in 2010, Alghero subsequently folded.

## Honours

* Eccellenza Sardinia: 2003–04
# Govinda Rajula Gutta

Govinda Rajula Gutta is a historical place in Warangal, Telangana, India. It is a holy place for Hindus in India. As per its history Lord Srinivasa at Thirupati was tired of granting wishes to his devotees and came to rest unseen in the cave.
He appeared in the dream of Rudrama Devi and revealed his presence on the hillock. Rudrama Devi had sent her men and they discovered the main idol of Shri Govindaraja Swamy and also of Lord Krishna.
A temple was built then on the hillock where swayambu resides between two huge rocks with sleeping and watching posture.
All the Vishnu festivals were grandly celebrated at this temple then onwards.
# Wu Teh Yao

Wu Teh Yao (simplified Chinese: 吴德耀; traditional Chinese: 吳德耀; pinyin: Wú Dé Yào, 1915–17 April 1994) was a Chinese political scientist. He was an educator and a specialist in Confucianism and political science.

## Education

Wu completed his senior school certificate at the Anglo-Chinese School in Penang at the age of seventeen. He was accepted into the Chung Ling High School, a well-known bilingual institution teaching in both Chinese and English, despite not knowing any Chinese, after an interview with the principal David Chen. After his graduation from Chung Ling in 1936, he was admitted to Nanking University (now known as Nanjing University) for a course of a Bachelor of Arts programs under Chen's recommendation. He later obtained a Master of Arts degree from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, and a doctoral degree in political science from Harvard University in 1946.
He was an active athlete during his secondary school years. Furthermore, he represented Malayan Chinese at the National Sports Carnival, Shanghai, China, during the inter-war years.

## Career
### Academia

Wu joined the United Nations after obtaining his doctorate and participated in the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1951, he co-authored the Fenn-Wu Report on the Chinese education system in Malaysia.
He was President of Tunghai University in Taiwan between 1957 and 1971. From then until 1975 he was the head of the Political Science Department, University of Singapore. He was a Professor and the Dean of the College of Graduate Studies of Nanyang University from 1975 to 1980, and was acting vice-chancellor from 1976 to 1977. When Nanyang University and University of Singapore merged in 1980 to form the National University of Singapore, he was appointed Professor of Political Science. He retired in 1981.

### Offices

Professor Wu was a founding director of the Institute of East Asian Philosophies, which was established by Goh Keng Swee in 1983 in the interest of studying Confucianism.

## Retirement and death

After his retirement, Professor Wu, a modest person, lived in an HDB apartment in Jurong East, Singapore, and used taxis as his main form of transportation. He died on 17 April 1994 in Taipei, Taiwan, and a memorial service was held for him at the Presbyterian Church in Orchard Road, Singapore. A memorial lecture series was started in his name the following year, with the inaugural lecture delivered by the Confucian scholar Tu Weiming.
# Transarmament

Transarmament (closely related to civilian-based defense) is the partial or total replacement of armed forces with the physical and social infrastructure to support nonviolent resistance. Gene Sharp defined transarmament as "the process of changeover from a military-based defense policy to a civilian-based defense policy." Unlike disarmament, "transarmament always involves the replacement of one means to provide defense with another" instead of the "simple reduction or abandonment of military capacity."

## Civilian defense

The term "transarmament" appears to have been introduced in 1937 in a pamphlet by Kenneth Boulding. It appears not to have been used again until the 1960s.
According to Adam Roberts,
    At least four possible stages [of transarmament] can be envisaged:
    1. Research and investigation into civilian defence, in order to judge its workability, relate it to a specific country's defence problems, and develop strategic and tactical concepts so that the proposal can be presented in concrete and practical terms.
    2. General public education in non-violent action and civilian defence; concentrated training of key groups and individuals; organizational preparations.
    3. Application of civilian defence in specific areas without complete abandonment of military defence policy.
    4. Public commitment to use civilian defence in resisting all threats formerly dealt with by military methods. Completion of process of transarment. (p. 338)

## Offensive to defensive

"Transarmament" has later been used—for example, by Johan Galtung—as a technical term to describe a shift in military strategy. Galtung distinguishes between offensive and defense armaments and suggests transitioning to a defensive system of national defense. His use of the term does not imply nonviolence. Galtung advocates precise weapons with limited range and destructive effects.
# Hectometre

The hectometre, (SI symbol: hm), spelt hectometer in American and Philippine English, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one hundred metres and to one tenth of a kilometre. The word comes from a combination of "metre" and the SI prefix "hecto-", meaning "hundred". It is not commonly used in English. A football field (either soccer or American) is approximately 1 hectometre in length. The hectare (ha), a common metric unit for land area, is equal to one square hectometre (hm$^2$).
The hectometer has sometimes been used for expressing the distance to a target in warfare.
# John R. Perry (judge)

John Robert Perry (November 12, 1954) is a Retired Wyoming State District Judge who served primarily in the Sixth Judicial District, which consists of Campbell, Crook, and Weston Counties, Wyoming. He was appointed to the bench in 2000 by Governor Jim Geringer and successfully stood for retention in 2002, 2008, 2014, and 2020. As part of his duties, Perry served for 11 years on Wyoming's Board of Judicial Policy and Administration.
In January of 2022, Perry was named chair of the Judicial Branch Innovation Task Force, which was charged with reviewing the administrative structure of Wyoming's Judicial Branch of government. At the conclusion of its two-year mission, the task force issued its final report and many of the recommendations were adopted by the Wyoming Judicial Council, the successor to the Board of Judicial Policy and Administration.
In September of 2023, Perry was presented with the Lehman Award for Judicial Excellence. He continues to serve as a judicial mentor and continuing education instructor.
Prior to serving as a District Judge, Perry served eight years as a member of the Wyoming State Senate for the Campbell and Johnson Counties senatorial district. During his time in the State Senate, he was appointed Chair of the Judiciary Committee. Among his many legislative efforts, he was the prime sponsor of the Wyoming Government Reorganization Act of 1989, which was signed into law by Governor Mike Sullivan. In 1994, he unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Wyoming, losing in the Republican Primary to Governor Jim Geringer.
Perry received his undergraduate degree from the University of Utah in 1977 and his law degree from the University of Wyoming in 1980.
He currently resides in Wyoming with his wife, Dr. Christina S. Perry. He has three children: Alexander Truesdale Perry, Dr. Lauren E. Perry-Rummel, City Councilwoman Joanna Settineri, and two step-children.
Legal offices :
| Preceded byTerrence L. O'Brien | Wyoming State District Judge, Sixth Judicial District 2000–2022 | Succeeded byMichael James Causey |