# Timeline of Milan

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Milan, Italy.

## BC era

Part of a series on the :
History of Italy :
Early
Prehistoric Italy
Nuragic civilization (18th–3rd c. BC)
Etruscan civilization (12th–6th c. BC)
Magna Graecia (8th–3rd c. BC) :
Ancient Rome
Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC)
Republic (509 BC–27 BC)
Roman expansion in Italy
Roman Italy
Populares and Optimates
Empire (27 BC–286 AD)
Western Empire (286 AD–476 AD)
Praetorian prefecture of Italy :
Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms Odoacer's 476–493 Ostrogothic 493–553 Vandal 435–534 Lombard 568–774 Frankish (Carolingian Empire) 774–962 Germanic (Holy Roman Empire) 962–1801 :
Medieval
Italy in the Middle Ages
Byzantine reconquest of Italy (6th–8th c.)
Islam and Normans in southern Italy
Maritime republics and Italian city-states
Guelphs and Ghibellines :
Early modern
Italian Renaissance (14th–16th c.)
Italian Wars (1494–1559)
Catholic revival (1545–1648)
Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
Napoleonic Italy (1801–1814)
Republic
Kingdom
Risorgimento (1815–1871)
Young Italy :
Modern
Monarchy (1861–1946)
Colonial Empire (1882–1960)
Italy in World War I (1914–1918)
Fascism (1922–1943)
Italy in World War II (1940–1945)
Fascist Italian Social Republic, Partisans and Italian Civil War (1943–1945)
Republic (1946–present)
Years of Lead (1970s–1980s)
Maxi Trial (1986–1992)
Mani pulite (1992–2001)
Great Recession (2007–2009)
European migrant crisis (2014–2016)
COVID-19 pandemic (2020–present) :
By topic
Citizenship
Currency and coinage
Economy
Fashion
Flags
Genetic
Historic states
Judaism
LGBT
Military
Music
Name
Postage
Railway :
Timeline
Italy portal :
vte :
* 400 BCE - Founded by the Celts under the name Medhelanon.
* 222 BCE - Medhelanon was conquered by the ancient Romans, who Latinized the name of the city into Mediolanum.
* 49 BCE - Mediolanum becomes municipium.

## 3rd–8th centuries

* 3rd C. CE - Roman Catholic diocese of Milan established.
* 286 CE - Western Roman Empire capital moves from Rome to Mediolanum.
* 313 - Edict of Milan.
* 370 - Basilica of San Lorenzo consecrated.
* 379 - Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio consecrated.
* 382 - San Nazaro in Brolo construction begins.
* 402 - City besieged by Visigoths.
* 452 - City besieged by Huns.
* 539 - City sacked by Ostrogoths.
* 569 - Lombards conquer city.
* 774 - Milan surrenders to the Franks.
* 833 - San Vincenzo in Prato built.
* 899 - Hunnish invasion

## 11th century

* 1045 - Milan adopts the commune form of local city-state government.

## 12th–14th centuries

* 1135 - Chiaravalle Abbey founded.
* 1157 - Circular moat, (Naviglio), constructed round the town.
* 1158 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa besieges and sacks the city, but it soon rebels.
* 1162 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa seizes and destroys the city.
* 1183 - After the Peace of Constance Milan returns to the commune form of government.
* 13th C. - Palazzo Borromeo (Milan) established.
* 1233 - Palazzo della Ragione built.
* 1237 - After the Battle of Cortenuova Pagano della Torre rallied and saved Milan.
* 1259 - Milan is ruled as a Signoria with the Della Torre family ruling as Signores.
* 1277
** The Battle of Desio is fought between the Della Torre and Visconti families for the control of Milan.
** The Visconti of Milan emerges as the victors at Desio and begin their rule of Milan as the Signores.
* 1302 - Guido della Torre deposes Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
* 1311 - Henry VII restores Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
* 1321 - Loggia degli Osii built, with two open porticos in black and white marble.
* 1330
** Piazza del Duomo, Milan work begins.
** San Gottardo, Milan work begins.
* 1336 - Public clock installed.
* 1360 - Castello Sforzesco construction begun.
* 1381 - Chiesa di Santa Maria alla Scala built.
* 1386 - Milan Cathedral begins construction.
* 1395 - Milan is formally elevated to a Duchy when Wenceslaus IV titles Gian Galeazzo Visconti the Duke of Milan.

## 15th–16th centuries

* 1412 - Gian Maria Visconti assassinated in front of the San Gottardo, Milan.
* 1447
** The death of Filippo Maria Visconti (1392–1447) ends more than two centuries of Visconti rule in Milan.
** The Golden Ambrosian Republic begins.
* 1450 - The House of Sforza takes power.
* 1456 - Ospedale Maggiore begins construction.
* 1463 - Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan begun.
* 1471 - Printing press in operation.
* 1482 - Santa Maria delle Grazie built.
* 1493 - Santa Maria presso San Celso begins construction.
* 1496 - Chiesa di Santa Maria della Passione built.
* 1497 - Apicius de re Coquinaria cookbook published.
* 1498 - Leonardo paints The Last Supper in the Santa Maria delle Grazie church.
* 1508 - Santa Maria alla Fontana built.
* 1515 - Battle of Marignano and Francis I of France takes Milan.
* 1522 - Francesco II Sforza in power.
* 1535 - City becomes part of Habsburg Spain.
* 1562 - Palazzo dei Giureconsulti begins construction.
* 1565 - Casa degli Omenoni built (approximate date).
* 1577 - Milan Cathedral consecrated by Charles Borromeo, cardinal saint.
* 1579 - San Fedele built.
* 1580 - Plague.

## 17th century

* 1608 - Palazzo del Senato construction begins.
* 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens.
* 1618 - Pinacoteca Ambrosiana opens.
* 1630 - Plague begins.
* 1631 - Palazzo Annoni construction begins.
* 1640 - The gazette named Milano was published for the first time.
* 1644 - Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine rebuilt.

## 18th century

* 1717 - Teatro Regio Ducale built.
* 1761 - Palazzo Litta built.
* 1762 - Madonnina (statue) erected.
* 1772 - Royal Palace of Milan renovated.
* 1774 - Orto Botanico di Brera (garden) established.
* 1776 - Brera Academy founded.
* 1778
** La Scala inaugurated.
** Royal Palace of Milan expanded.
* 1779 - Teatro Lirico built.
* 1784 - Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli established.
* 1785 - The newspaper Il Corriere di Gabinetto - Gazzetta di Milano was published for the first time.
* 1786
** Biblioteca di Brera (library) opens.
** Archivio di Stato di Milano (state archives) established.
* 1793 - Palazzo Serbelloni built.
* 1796 - Milan declared capital of Cisalpine Republic.
* 1797 - 1st Grenadier Battalion and 2nd Rifle Battalion of the Polish Legions founded in Milan.

## 19th century

* 1802 - Milan becomes capital of the Napoleonic Italian Republic.
* 1805 - Coronation of Napoleon as King of Italy.
* 1807
** Milan Conservatory established.
** Arena Civica opened.
* 1808
** Milan Stock Exchange established.
** Casa Ricordi music publisher in business.
* 1817 - Caffè Cova in business on Via Monte Napoleone.
* 1820 - Revolutionary Carbonari arrested.
* 1824 - Pasticceria Marchesi in business.
* 1838 - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano founded.
* 1840 - Milan-Monza railway begins operating.
* 1842 - Premiere of Verdi's opera Nabucco.
* 1848 - Five Days uprising against Austrian Empire.
* 1853 - abortive Milan Uprising against Austrian rule.
* 1860
** Campari in business.
** Antonio Beretta becomes mayor.
* 1861
** Milan becomes part of Kingdom of Italy.
** City hall opens in Palazzo Marino.
* 1863 - Istituto Tecnico Superiore founded.
* 1864 - Stazione di Milano Centrale (1864) [it] opens at Piazza della Repubblica (Milan) [it].
* 1866 - Cimitero Monumentale di Milano opened.
* 1870 - Hoepli publisher in business.
* 1871 - Population: 261,976.
* 1872
** Pirelli company founded.
** Ca' de Sass built.
** Teatro Dal Verme opens.
* 1873 - Società Storica Lombarda (history society) founded.
* 1876
** Corriere della Sera newspaper begins publication.
** Trams begin operating.
* 1877 - Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II built.
* 1879
** Milano Affori railway station and Milano Bovisa-Politecnico railway station open.
** "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" founded.
* 1881 - Population: 321,839.
* 1883 - Salumi Peck (company) [it] in business.
* 1886
** Breda manufactory in business.
** German School of Milan founded.
** Piazza della Scala established.
* 1888
** Parco Sempione established.
** Via Dante constructed.
* 1891 - Camera del Lavoro (labor centre) and Società escursionisti milanesi [it] (hiking club) founded.
* 1894 - Touring Club Italiano established.
* 1896
** Casa di Riposo per Musicisti founded.
** Italo Pacchioni creates "first Italian film" Arrivo del treno alla Stazione di Milano.
* 1897 - Population: 470,558.
* 1898 - Bava-Beccaris massacre.
* 1899
** Milan Football and Cricket Club founded.
** Parini statue erected in Piazza Cordusio.

## 20th century
### 1900s–1940s

* 1902 - Bocconi University founded.
* 1903 - Palazzo Castiglioni built.
* 1906
** Confederazione Generale del Lavoro (labor union) headquartered in Milan.
** Milan International (1906) world's fair held
** Simplon Tunnel opens.
** Casa Campanini built.
** Population: 560,613.
* 1907 - Turci Calzature [it] (shoe shop) in business.
* 1908 - Internazionale Milano football club founded.
* 1909 - Malpensa Airport established.
* 1911 - Bar Jamaica [it] in business.
* 1912 - Messina tram depot built.
* 1915
** Castello Cova built.
** American Chamber of Commerce established.
* 1917
** Galleria Pesaro opens.
** La Rinascente (shop) in business.
* 1919
** March: Fascio di Combattimento political group founded.
** August: Honorary Consulate of Poland opened, later elevated to Consulate-General (see Italy–Poland relations).
* 1921
** Milan Sample Fair begins.
** Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore established.
* 1922 - Novecento Italiano art movement active.
* 1924 - University of Milan founded.
* 1926 - Stadio San Siro opens.
* 1927 - A. Rizzoli & Co. founded.
* 1930 - Planetario di Milano inaugurated.
* 1931 - Milano Centrale railway station opens.
* 1932 - Palazzo Mezzanotte (stock exchange) built.
* 1933
** Trolleybuses begin operating.
** Torre Branca built in Parco Sempione.
* 1934 - Institute for International Political Studies founded.
* 1935 - Villa Necchi Campiglio (residence) built.
* 1937 - Linate Airport opens.
* 1939
** A.C. Milan football club active.
** Anteo Spazio Cinema opens.
* 1942 - Teatro Smeraldo [it] opens.
* 1945 - 29 April: Corpse of executed Mussolini brought to Piazzale Loreto.
* 1947 - Piccolo Teatro founded.

### 1950s–1990s

* 1954 - Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea inaugurated.
* 1955
** FrancoAngeli publisher in business.
** Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea founded.
* 1956 - Palazzo dell'Arengario built.
* 1958 - Milan Fashion Week begins.
* 1960 - Cinema Ambasciatori opens.
* 1961 - Milan Furniture Fair begins.
* 1962 - Amica fashion magazine in publication.
* 1964 - Milan Metro begins operating.
* 1965 - Milan Cathedral final details completed.
* 1968 - IULM University of Milan founded.
* 1969 - Piazza Fontana bombing.
* 1974 - Quelli di Grock [it] theatre troupe founded.
* 1975 - Armani fashion house founded.
* 1979 - MIP- Politecnico di Milano School of Management formed.
* 1980
** Plastic (nightclub) [it] opens.
** Parco Alessandrini inaugurated.
* 1982 - Domus Academy established.
* 1985 - Dolce & Gabbana fashion house founded.
* 1986 - Class Editori founded.
* 1987
** MF Milano Finanza newspaper begins publication.
** Massimo De Carlo art gallery opens.
* 1990
** Milan Metro Line 3 begins operating.
** Parco Agricolo Sud Milano established.
* 1991
** July: City hosts the final round of the 1991 FIVB Volleyball World League.
** Viafarini (art entity) established.
** 10 Corso Como in business.
* 1994 - July: City hosts the final round of the 1994 FIVB Volleyball World League.
* 1995 - Documentation Center for Visual Arts founded.
* 1996 - Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Trussardi Foundation established.
* 1997 - Milan Passante railway begins operating.
* 1998
** June: University of Milan Bicocca established.
** July: City hosts the final round of the 1998 FIVB Volleyball World League.
* 1999 - Malpensa Express begins operating.

## 21st century

* 2001
** 23 May: 2001 UEFA Champions League Final held in Milan.
** 8 October: 2001 Linate Airport runway collision.
** City website online (approximate date).
** O’artoteca (art organization) founded.
* 2002
** Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa established.
** Teatro degli Arcimboldi opens.
* 2004
** Gruppo A12 [it] architects active.
** Bulgari Hotel in business.
* 2006
** Lettera27 headquartered in Milan.
** Letizia Moratti becomes mayor.
* 2008
** BikeMi launched.
** Ecopass congestion charge begins.
* 2009
** Peep Hole and Cardi Black Box art gallery active.
** Homeless World Cup football contest held.
* 2010 - Population: 1,315,803.
* 2011 - Giuliano Pisapia becomes mayor.
* 2012
** Portello Park inaugurated.
** Milan Area C congestion charge begins, replacing Ecopass.
** Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori high-speed train service begins operating, connecting Milan to Naples via Rome.
* 2013 - Population: 1,262,101 municipality; 3,075,083 province.
* 2015 - 1 May: Expo 2015 world fair opens.
* 2016 - June: Milan municipal election, 2016 held.