OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chandrabindu

Chandrabindu (IAST: candrabindu, lit. 'moon dot' in Sanskrit) is a diacritic sign with the form of a dot inside the lower half of a circle. It is used in the Devanagari (ँ), Bengali-Assamese (ঁ), Gujarati (ઁ), Odia (ଁ), Tamil (◌𑌁 Extension used from Grantha), Telugu (ఁ), Kannada (◌ಁ), Malayalam (◌ഁ), Sinhala (◌ඁ), Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts.
It usually means that the previous vowel is nasalized.
In Hindi, it is replaced in writing by anusvara when it is written above a consonant that carries a vowel symbol that extends above the top line.
In Classical Sanskrit, it seems to occur only over a lla, yya, or vva conjunct consonant, to show that it is pronounced as a nasalized double l, y, or v which occurs if they have become assimilated in sandhi.
In Vedic Sanskrit, it is used instead of anusvara to represent the sound anunasika when the next word starts with a vowel. It usually occurs where in earlier times a word ended in -ans.

## Unicode

Unicode encodes chandrabindu and chandrabindu-like characters for a variety of scripts:
* U+0901 ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+A8F2 ꣲ DEVANAGARI SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU
* U+A8F3 ꣳ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU VIRAMA
* U+0900 ऀ DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU
* U+0A01 ਁ GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI
* U+0A70 ੰ GURMUKHI TIPPI
* U+0C80 ಀ KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU
* U+0C81 ಁ KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+0C01 ఁ TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+0C00 ఀ TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE
* U+0981 ঁ BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+0B01 ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+0D01 ഁ MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+0A81 ઁ GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+11000 𑀀 BRAHMI SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+115BC 𑖼 SIDDHAM SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+11301 𑌁 GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+11F00 𑼀 KAWI SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+0F82 ྂ TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA
* U+0F83 ྃ TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN
* U+A873 ꡳ PHAGS-PA LETTER CANDRABINDU
* U+11443 𑑃 NEWA SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+11C3C 𑰼 BHAIKSUKI SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+111CF 𑇏 SHARADA SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU
* U+1193C 𑤼 DIVES AKURU SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+A8C5 ꣅ SAURASHTRA SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+11080 𑂀 KAITHI SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+114BF 𑒿 TIRHUTA SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+11CB6 𑲶 MARCHEN SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+1B01 ᬁ BALINESE SIGN ULU CANDRA
* U+1B00 ᬀ BALINESE SIGN ULU RICEM
* U+1C34 ᰴ LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN NYIN-DO
* U+1C35 ᰵ LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN KANG
* U+11A35 𑨵 ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU
* U+11A36 𑨶 ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT
* U+11A37 𑨷 ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRA WITH ORNAMENT
* U+0310 ◌̐ COMBINING CANDRABINDU is a general-purpose combining diacritical mark intended for use with Latin letters in transliteration of Indic languages.
# Graphic facilitation

Graphic facilitation is the use of a combination of graphics such as diagrams, pictures, symbols, and writing to lead people toward a goal in meetings, seminars, workshops and conferences. The graphics are usually drawn by hand, by a person called a graphic facilitator, who may create the graphics in real time during the event and may work alone or together with another person called a facilitator who aids the discussion.$^{:9}$
The article "A Graphic Facilitation Retrospective", written by David Sibbet in 2001, told the story of early pioneers of graphic facilitation who were inspired by architects (with understanding of large imagery), designers, computer engineers (who started to cluster information in a new way), art and psychology. Sibbet described that what at a glance "just" looked like graphics was much more: "It was also dance, and story telling, since the facilitator was constantly in physical motion, miming the group and its communication with movement, as well as commenting on the displays, suggesting processes and the like."$^{:3}$ An early paper in the field of graphic facilitation was "Explicit Group Memory" by Geoff Ball, who claimed that a shared picture is the best way to support group learning or, more importantly, a lasting memory in the group.$^{:1}$
Graphic recording combines the skills of a note-taker and an artist to visually represent information communicated orally in a group of people, but usually without much interaction between the person doing the graphic recording and the other people.$^{:9}$ Graphic recording is used to create visual summaries of meeting dialogue or conference speakers' presentations. Key skills of graphic recording include listening to people, thinking about what information is most important in what they have said, organizing the information in a way that can be communicated graphically, and drawing graphics that are visually and emotionally appealing.
# Malik ibn Dalham al-Kalbi

Malik ibn Dalham al-Kalbi (Arabic: مالك بن دلهم الكلبي) was a governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving there for a part of 808.

## Governorship

He was appointed to Egypt by the caliph Harun al-Rashid, and he arrived in the province to take up his position in early 808. Upon his entry the army commander Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim ended his stay in the Hawf District, where he had been pacifying a rebellion that had broken out under Malik's predecessor al-Husayn ibn Jamil, and set up residence in the provincial capital of Fustat instead. After Yahya subsequently received orders to return to the caliphal court he wrote to the people of the Hawf, requesting that they present themselves to Malik in order to reach a settlement with the governor on issues on taxation. The heads of the local Yaman and Qays factions accordingly showed up for the meeting, but this proved to be a trap and they were instead seized, put in chains and sent as prisoners to the caliph.
Malik remained as governor until late 808, when he was dismissed and replaced with al-Hasan ibn al-Takhtakh.
# Kung Fu Palace

Kung Fu Palace is the first album released by Diego's Umbrella.

## Track listing

All song written, performed and arranged by Diego's Umbrella.

## Personnel

* Tyson Maulhardt – Electric guitar
* Vaughn Lindstrom – Acoustic guitar
* Michael Pinkham – Drums
* Kevin Blair – Upright Bass

### Additional personnel

* Yair Evnine – Cello, Electric guitar, Lapsteel Guitar
* Jason Kleinberg – Violin
* Mike Hicks – Vocals
* Arlen Ginsberg – Accordion
* Renee Tyler – Piano
* Prince Marvelous – Facehorn

## Production

* Produced by John Anaya
* Coproduced by Diego's Umbrella
* Recorded at Prairie Sun Studios & Humpback Studios
* Mixed by John Anaya
* Mastered by John Cuniberti
# Moore-Howland Estate

Moore-Howland Estate is a historic estate complex located at Catskill in Greene County, New York. The property includes a large estate house that was constructed during two major building programs in 1866 and 1900–1901. A number of small additions, alterations, and interior remodeling occurred between the 1920s and the present. It is a long, rambling building, one and one half to two and one half stories tall. The first floor is built of stone, with wood frame and board and batten siding above. There is an octagonal, wood shingled water tower near the northwest corner. In addition to the main house there are seven contributing dependencies: a carriage house, garden house, pump house, tool shed, gazebo, well house, and foundation of an original barn.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
# Christopher Kovacevich

Christopher Kovacevich (Serbian: Христофор Ковачевић / Hristofor Kovačević; December 25, 1928 – August 18, 2010) was metropolitan bishop of Libertyville and Chicago in the Serbian Orthodox Church making him Primate of Serbian Orthodox Christians in America. He was also the first American-born bishop to serve a diocese of the Serbian Church in North America.

## Early life

Metropolitan Christopher (Kovacevich) was born in Galveston, Texas into a family of Serbian immigrants from Montenegro (he was the ninth of twelve children). His baptismal and secular name was Velimir Kovacevich (Serbian: Велимир Ковачевић / Velimir Kovačević). After graduation from high school, he attended Nashotah House, an Anglo-Catholic seminary of the Episcopal Church located in Nashotah, Wisconsin and subsequently studied and graduated from St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Seminary in Libertyville, Illinois where he learned Serbian. He earned a B.A. (Philosophy) and a Master of Letters (History) at the University of Pittsburgh and a Master of Divinity from Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology, Brookline, Massachusetts. He also completed courses and examinations for a doctorate at the Chicago Theological Seminary. Later in life, Metropolitan Christopher was awarded a Doctor of Divinity degree (honoris causa) by Nashotah House

## Priesthood

After graduating from St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Seminary he married the late Milka Kovacevich and afterward was ordained to the diaconate and priesthood in 1951. During his parochial ministry, he served Serbian Orthodox parishes in Johnstown, Pittsburgh, and Chicago. While ministering to parishes in the Pennsylvania and Chicago areas, he served as chaplain at four local universities.
Becoming a widower in 1970, he was elevated to the episcopate (i.e. he became a bishop) by the Bishops' Council of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade in 1978 and tonsured with the monastic name of Christopher, becoming the first American-born bishop to serve a diocese of the Serbian Church in North America (he was consecrated bishop of the Eastern American Diocese, serving in that capacity from 1978 until 1991). Upon the 70th anniversary of the Midwestern Diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the United States in 1991, he was elevated to the rank of Metropolitan, making him the first metropolitan of the newly formed Metropolitanate of Midwestern America, thereby becoming the Primate of the Serbian Orthodox in America. In 2009, during the restructuring of the dioceses in the United States and Canada, the Metropolitanate of Midwestern America became the Metropolitanate of Libertyville-Chicago. In May 2010 he served as secretary of the North American Episcopal Assembly of the Orthodox Church.
Metropolitan Christopher also frequently returned to the city of his birth to preside at weddings and baptisms at Saints Constantine and Helen Serbian Orthodox Church.

## Death

Metropolitan Christopher died on August 18, 2010, in Libertyville, Illinois due to complications from bone, brain, and stomach cancer. He is interred in the Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Monastery cemetery.
# Estigmena chinensis

Estigmena chinensis, commonly known as Green standing bamboo borer, is a species of leaf beetle found in India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. It is a major pest of bamboo.

## Description

Body length of female is about 14.34 mm and male is about 10.91 mm. Body elongated and parallel sided with blunt and moderate stout. Antennae with 11 segments.
Eggs are elongated with round ends and transparent. Grubs are translucent white. Head, antennae and pronotum are brownish. Eyes and claw tips are black. Anal shield also brownish. Length of final instar grub is about 14.71 mm.

## Biology

Host plants are several species of bamboos such as Bambusa bambos, Bambusa wamin, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa tulda, Bambusa multiplex, Bambusa striata, Dendrocalamus giganteus, Dendrocalamus longispathus, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus calostachys, Dendrocalamus strictus, Schizostachyum pergracile.
Adults emerge before the onset of monsoon. Adults feed on tender leaves and grubs feed on the culm sheaths and the internodes. After mating, adult female lays about 18 eggs in clusters of 2, 3 or 4. Pre-oviposition period is about 2 days. Egg laying is highest during mid July to August. Eggs are laid on the internodes of leaf axils of bamboo covering. After laying, eggs are covered with masticated fragments of leaves and a sticky secretion. Oviposition period is only one day. Incubation period is about 24 days. Larval period is about 64 days.
Heavy infestations of the beetle on bamboo can be controlled by using contact insecticides such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos as well as systemic insecticides: dimethoate, monocrotophos and imidacloprid.
# List of amphibians of Nepal

The amphibians of Nepal represent a variety of species, including:

## Anura (frogs and toads)
### True frogs

Order: Anura Family: Ranidae
* Assam sucker frog (Amolops formosus)
* Yembung sucker frog (Amolops gerbillus)
* Himalaya sucker frog (Amolops himalanus)
* Marbled sucker frog (Amolops marmoratus)
* Mountain sucker frog (Amolops monticola)
* Humerana humeralis
* Black striped frog (Sylvirana nigrovittata)

### True toads

Order: Anura Family: Bufonidae
* Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus)
* Marbled toad (Duttaphrynus stomaticus)

### Fork-tongued frogs

Order: Anura Family: Dicroglossidae
* Indian skitter frog (Euphlyctis cyanphlyctis)
* Jerdon's bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus crassus)
* Asian bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus)
* Northern frog (Ingerana borealis)
* Annandale's paa frog (Nanorana annandalii)
* Arnold's paa frog (Nanorana arnoldi)
* Blandford's paa frog (Nanorana blanfordii)
* Torrent paa frog (Nanorana ercepeae)
* Sikkim paa frog (Nanorana liebigii)
* Nepal paa frog (Nanorana minica)
* Mountain slow frog (Nanorana parkeri)
* Langtana paa frog (Nanorana polunini)
* Rara paa frog (Narorana rarica)
* Dubois' paa frog (Nanorana rostandi)
* Ombrana sikimensis
* Indian burrowing frog (Sphaerotheca breviceps)
* Sphaerotheca maskeyi
* Sphaerotheca swani
* Nepal cricket frog (Zakerana nepalensis)
* Pierre's cricket frog (Zakerana pierrei)
* Long legged cricket frog (Zakarena syhadrensis)
* Terai cricket frog (Zakerana teraiensis)

### Narrow-mouthed frogs

Order: Anura Family: Microhylidae
* Ornamented pygmy frog (Microhyla ornata)
* Indian painted bullfrog (Uperodon taprobanicus)

### Shrub frogs

Order: Anura Family: Rhacophoridae
* Common tree frog (Polypedates leucomystax)
* Annandale's bush frog (Raorchestes annandalii)
* Nepal flying frog (Zhangixalus smaragdinus)

### Goose frogs

Order: Anura Family: Megophryidae
* Small spadefoot toad (Megophrys parva)
* Bengal spadefoot toad (Megophrys robusta)
* Himalayan stream frog (Scutiger boulengeri)
* Nepal lazy toad (Scutiger nepalensis)
* Scutiger nyingchiensis
* Sikkim lazy toad (Scutiger sikimmensis)

## Gymnophiona (caecilians and relatives)

Family: Ichthyophiidae
* Darjeeling caecilians (Ichthyophis sikkimensis)

## Urodela (salamanders and relatives)

Family: Salamandridae
* Himalayan newt (Tylototriton verrucosus)
# Bringing Up Bobby (2011 film)

Bringing Up Bobby is a 2011 comedy-drama film written, directed and produced by Famke Janssen (marking her directorial debut). Milla Jovovich stars as a European ex-con artist and single mother in the United States. The film had its world premiere at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival on May 12 and received a limited release in the United States on September 28, 2012.

## Synopsis

Ukrainian con artist Olive and her 10-year-old son Bobby arrive in Oklahoma to begin a new life and enjoy a series of adventures. However, when Olive's criminal past catches up to her, she faces putting her son's happiness before her own. Mary deals with the death of her own son by becoming an adoptive mother to Bobby, providing him a home with her husband Kent.

## Cast

* Milla Jovovich as Olive
* Bill Pullman as Kent
* Rory Cochrane as Walt
* Marcia Cross as Mary
* Spencer List as Bobby
* Ray Prewitt as Chuck Lee Buck
* Justin Hall as Jamie

## Production

In the summer of 2010, the film was shot over 20 days in Oklahoma. The film was inspired by Janssen's own perception as a European who came to live in the United States.

## Soundtrack

The original film score was composed by Junkie XL (as Tom Holkenborg). In addition, the soundtrack includes a cover version of "Proud Mary", sung by lead actress Milla Jovovich in Ukrainian. The song plays in the background at the beginning of the film. The recording, which is credited to Milla Jovovich with The Modern Mothers, is based on Ike & Tina Turner's popular version of the song. After the recording session, Jovovich's voice was hoarse for a few days.
The American alternative rock band The Flaming Lips recorded a version of "Amazing Grace", also in Ukrainian. The recording plays during the end credits. Lead singer Wayne Coyne does not speak the language but sang the lyrics phonetically. The soundtrack also contains various country, folk and jazz songs by artists such as Johnny Paycheck, Count Basie, Jack Teagarden, Cat Stevens, Jorma Kaukonen, Ray Hatcher, Roy Lanham & The Whippoorwills, and Joe Mahan. A soundtrack album was not released.

## Release

Video Film Express holds all media rights for the Netherlands, while Monterey Media holds all rights for the United States and Canada.

### Festivals

Bringing Up Bobby was selected to screen at the following film festivals:
* 2012 Newport Beach Film Festival
* 2012 Dallas International Film Festival
* 2012 Santa Cruz Film Festival
* 2012 Nashville Film Festival
* 2012 White Sands International Film Festival
* 2012 Omaha Film Festival
* 2010 Deauville American Film Festival
* 2011 Savannah Film Festival

## Reception

The film has received mainly negative reviews, with a 'rotten' 17% rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes and a 4.9 rating on the Internet Movie Database.
# Shaul Avigur

Shaul Avigur (Hebrew: שאול אביגור; 11 September 1899 – 29 August 1978) was a founder of the Israeli Intelligence Community.

## Biography

Avigur was born in Dvinsk (now Daugavpils in Latvia) under the name Saul Meyeroff (later Meirov; Hebrew: מאירוב), but when his son Gur Meyeroff was killed in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, he changed it to Avigur, meaning "Father of Gur". Along with Reuven Shiloah, Avigur was instrumental in forming SHAI, the intelligence wing of the Haganah, in 1934. Since 1939 he was involved in the Mossad Le'aliyah Bet operations to smuggle Jews into the British Mandate of Palestine and was named its commander. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, he acted as David Ben-Gurion's deputy defense minister. In 1953 he was appointed the founding head of the "Liaison Bureau" (Lishkat Hakesher), also known as "Nativ", an Israeli organization that maintained contact with Jews in the Soviet Union during the Cold War. He headed the organization until 1970. Avigur was the brother-in-law of former Prime Minister Moshe Sharett.

## Awards

In 1973, Avigur was awarded the Israel Prize, for his special contribution to society and the State.
# The Eken

The Eken is a 2022 Indian Bengali-language detective crime film directed by Joydeep Mukherjee. The film is produced by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films. In the film, Anirban Chakrabarti plays the title role of Ekenbabu, a fictional detective created by the Bengali author, Sujan Dasgupta. Padmanabha Dasgupta has written the screenplay for the film. The film was a commercial as well as a critical success. It was released in theatres on 14 April, 2022 and despite clashing with K.G.F: Chapter 2, it was well received by the audience and had a great run at the box office.

## Plot

During his trip to Darjeeling with Bapi and Promotho, Lalbazar detective, Ekendra Sen (Ekenbabu) has a chance of meeting with the famous film star, Bipasha Mitra, and gets caught up in the investigation of a missing ancestral photograph and a precious stamp that belonged to her grandfather. At the same time, Ekenbabu gets an offer from Bipasha's friend and business partner, Debraj Singh, to work on a murder case. The mystery deepens when he discovers a valuable Lord Vishnu idol has been stolen from Bipasha's statue collection. He suspects that both the cases are linked to each other and doubts if both of his clients are telling the truth. He sets forth to find out the criminals with the help of the local police. The case becomes complicated as new facts come to light every now and then. However, Ekenbabu solves the case, catching the culprits with the help of a stranger who turns out to be on the same team as him.

## Cast

* Anirban Chakrabarti as Ekenbabu
* Payel Sarkar as Bipasha Mitra
* Suhotra Mukhopadhay as Bapi
* Somak Ghosh as Pramatha
* Debasish Mondal as Debraj Singh
* Debopriyo Mukherjee as Bubun Kar
* Indrajit Mazumder as Jiten Ghosh
* Kaushik Chattopadhyay as Jayanta Biswas

## Production

The principal photography of the film began on 28 January 2022. The film was wrapped up in February 2022 with a few scenes shot during the pandemic.
The cinematographer of the film is Ramyadip Saha. The editing of the film is done by Rabiranjan Maitra and Md. Piyasuddin. The production is designed by Ranjit Gorai. The costume designer is Jayanti Sen. The makeup is done by Sourav Ganguly. The sound is designed and mixed by Srijit Gupta.

## Release

The teaser of the film released on 22 March, 2022. The trailer of the film released on 25 March, 2022. The film released in theatres on 14 April, 2022 coinciding with Poila Baisakh or the Bengali New Year.

## Reception

Shamayita Chakraborty rated the film 4/5, reviewing for The Times of India and opined that the movie is worth watching for Eken Babu's humour and great performances but the plot is weak thus making the storyline predictable. Roushini Sarkar, reviewing for Cinestaan, rated 2/4 and opined that the movie has multiple twists, however, the writing is poor and the execution of twists is boring. She praised the performances of Mukhopadhay and Ghosh but criticized that of the others.