OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ranpur State

Ranpur State was one of many small princely non-salute states of India during the period of the British Raj. It was one of the four native states located in present-day Nayagarh district, Odisha.
The state was bounded in the west by Nayagarh State and in all other directions by Puri district. It was very close to the seashore but had no coastline. Its southwestern part was thickly forested and was mostly uninhabited. The Ranpur ruling family claimed descent from the most ancient lineage of the princely rulers of the Orissa Tributary States. The capital of the state was Ranpur, a small town near Kalupara Ghat railway station where the Raja resided.

## History

According to legendary tradition, Ranpur State is of very ancient origin. The legendary date of its foundation is placed some time in the 18th century BC when the founder, a hunter named Basara Basuk, having defeated a giant demon named Ranasura, established his rule in the area. The name of the place is derived from the demon's name and was initially known as Ranasurapura, shortened to Ranpur in the course of time.
The Ranpur state rulers claimed to be the most ancient of all the lineages of the Orissa Tributary States, with a list of generations of rulers covering a period of 3,600 years with the Raja declaring indigenous origin in an inquiry in 1814. According to the family history, the founder of the kingdom was Biswabasab, a Sabara who hailed from the Nilagiri hills region, established his rule in the region after subduing the Bhuiyas of the neighbouring villages. Later the chiefs received the title of Narendra from the Eastern Ganga monarch Ananga Bhimadeva owing to his prowess in battle.
The state became a British protectorate in 1803 after the British defeated the Marathas in the Second Anglo-Maratha War and took over the region. The last Raja of Ranpur signed the instrument of accession to the Indian Union, on 1 January 1948, merging his state into Odisha

## Rulers

The rulers of Ranpur State:
* Narayan Narendra (1683–1692)
* Ramachandra Narendra (1692–1727)
* Sarangadhar Bajradhar Narendra (1727–1754)
* Narsingh Bajradhar Narendra (1754–1789)
* Brujdaban Bajradhar Narendra (1789–1821)
* Brajsundar Bajradhar Narendra (1821–1842)
* Benudar Bajradhar Narendra Mahapatra (1842–12 July 1899)
* Birbar Krishna Chandra Narendra Mahapatra (12 July 1899 – 21 June 1945)
* Brajendra Chandra Singh Deo Bajradhar Narendra Mahapatra (21 June 1945 – 1 January 1948)

### Titular

* Brajendra Chandra Singh Deo Bajradhar Narendra Mahapatra (1 January 1948 – 1980)
* Pradeep Chandra Singh Deo Bajradhar Narendra Mahapatra (1980–1982)
* Dileep Chandra Singh Deo Bajradhar Narendra Mahapatra (1980–current)
# Eliyahu Speiser

Eliyahu Speiser (Hebrew: אליהו שפייזר; 23 March 1930 – 12 November 2009) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1977 and 1988.

## Biography

Born in Haifa during the Mandate era, Speiser studied bacteriology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and economics and law at the University of Paris.
In 1965 he joined Mapai, and in 1968 became secretary of the newly formed Labor Party in the Tel Aviv district. He served as deputy mayor of Tel Aviv and chaired the association of cities of the Dan Area. He became international secretary of the Labor Party, and in 1977 was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list (an alliance of Labor and Mapam). He was re-elected in 1981 and 1984, before losing his seat in the 1988 elections.
He died in 2009 at the age of 79.
# Global manga (disambiguation)

Global manga is sequential art in the manga tradition that is produced outside Japan without Japanese involvement.
Global manga may more specifically refer to:
* Manfra
* Original English-language manga
# Ashwin Yadav

Ashwin Yadav (10 September 1987 – 24 April 2021) was an Indian cricketer. He played fourteen first-class matches for Hyderabad between 2007 and 2009.
Yadav died of heart attack on 24 April 2021, at the age of 33.
# Mount Chenaillet

The Mount Chenaillet (in French Mont Chenaillet or Le Chenaillet) is a 2,650 metres high mountain of the Cottian Alps, located on the Main chain of the Alps South of the Col de Montgenèvre.

## Geography

Administratively the mountain belongs to the French department of Hautes-Alpes close to the French-Italian border. On its summit the Susa Valley (tributary of the river Po) meets the valleys of the Durance (tributary of the Rhone) and of the Cerveyrette, the latter tributary of the Durance. The Main chain of the Alps connects northwards the Chenaillet to the Col de Montgenèvre, while towards NE it goes with the Monte Gimont. From the Chenaillet branches out from the main ridge a secondary chain dividing the valley of the Durance from the Cerveyrette one, which continues with the Sommet des Anges and the Sommet Château Jouan. Both the Durance and the Piccola Dora (an upper branch of Dora Riparia) have their sources on the slopes of the Chenaillet.

## Geology

The Chenaillet is a geological curiosity, being an ancient submarine volcano as old as 155 million years, which was uplifted to its present location during the Alpine orogeny. On the slopes of the Chenaillet are well distinguishable pillow lavas and ophiolite rocks. These features are explained on a geological footpath reaching the summit of the mountain by some didactic panels both in French and in Italian.
The Chenaillet Ophiolite is composed of three main regions. The top of the ophiolite is composed by pillow basalts, underneath the pillow basalts there are mafic intrusive rocks, and below those are metamorphic rocks.
The Chenaillet Ophiolite is evidence of subduction related processes that helped build the Alps Mountain Range. The abundant presence of low grade metamorphic minerals led researchers to believe that subduction in the area was shallow. However, a recent study showed that there are a few high grade metamorphic minerals present in the gabbro region of the ophiolite, specifically lawsonite and omphacite. The presence of these high pressure metamorphic minerals suggests that subduction in the area is much deeper than previously though and has caused researchers to reevaluate their models for subduction in the Western Alps.

## History

The mountain up to the end of the II World War was on the Franco-Italian border. Due to its prominent position overlooking the Col de Montgenèvre, from Louis XIV times until the ligne Maginot, the area was heavily fortified. On 23-6-1940 an Italian offensive conquered the mountain and also in 1944 it was the theater of heavy fights between German-Italian and French-Moroccan troops; and after many decades it is still possible to find howitzer chippings on the ground. After the end of the war, following the Paris Peace Treaties signed in February 1947, the border was modified and Mount Chenaillet is now totally in France.

## Access to the summit

The summit of the Chenaillet can be reached by footpath from several starting points. The way from the Col de Montgenèvre is considered quite an easy hike.
# Töö Ashuu

Tөө Ashuu (Kyrgyz: Төө-Ашуу, romanised: Tөө-Ashuu,; Russian: Туя Ашуу), literally "camel mountain pass", is a mountain pass in Kyrgyzstan on the highway from Bishkek to Osh (European route E010) in Kyrgyzstan approximately 120 km from Bishkek. The pass goes over part of the Kyrgyz Alatau range of the Tien Shan mountains. Its elevation is 3,586 m (11,765 ft). In the 1960s a 2.8-kilometre-long (1.7 mi) road tunnel was built under the pass at 3,120 m (10,240 ft) elevation, bypassing the uppermost part of the pass road.
A ski resort is situated on the south slope of the Too Ashuu pass at 2960 m.a.s.l. The resort has one blue 1,500-metre-long (4,900 ft) ski slope operated by a chairlift with height difference of 200 m. There is a possibility to ski further 1500 m down to the highway. Shuttle marshrutkas then take the skiers back to the top section of the resort.

## Climate

Climate data for Töö Ashuu (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.5 (5.9) | −13.3 (8.1) | −8.8 (16.2) | −3.3 (26.1) | 1.0 (33.8) | 4.6 (40.3) | 7.1 (44.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 3.7 (38.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | −8.2 (17.2) | −12.4 (9.7) | −3.3 (26.1) |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# Emile Eicher

Emile Eicher (born 30 June 1955) is a Luxembourgish politician. He has served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from North since 2009. He is a member of the Christian Social People's Party.
# Polish studies

Polish studies, Polish philology or Polonistics (Polish: filologia polska, or polonistyka) is the field of humanities that researches, documents and disseminates the Polish language and Polish literature in both historic and present-day forms.
The history of Polish studies dates back to the 16th century. The first Polish scholars to study the Polish language were Jan Mączyński and Piotr Stoiński (Pierre Statorius).
Academic activities in Polish Studies include conferences, workshops, and book publications by scholars who work and teach on Polish history, culture, art, and politics. The Polish Studies Association is part of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies and facilitates "the exchange of academic information regarding Polish history, culture, arts, politics, economics, and contemporary affairs, and seeks to enhance contacts between Polish and Western Affairs."
The Departments of Polish Studies exist in all major universities across Poland, and in many academic institutions across the world. They offer students a range of academic programmes with Bachelor and Masters' degrees in the field.

## In the United States

In the United States, students taking Polish studies majors focus on the nation, current and historical inhabitants of Polish lands, both current and historical, and instruction includes a wide range of and humanities, such as culture, politics, and economics.

## University programs

Some of the Polish Studies programs at U.S. universities include:
* Polish Studies at Georgetown University
* Polish Studies Center at the Indiana University at Bloomington
* Polish Studies Program at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
* Polish Studies at Columbia University
* Copernicus Program in Polish Studies at the University of Michigan
* Polish and Polish American Studies at Central Connecticut State University
* Polish Studies at the University of Florida
* The Polish Studies Program at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the oldest Polish program in the United States
* Polish Studies Program at the University of Washington in Seattle
# Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil

Suzanne Georgette Anna Déchevaux-Dumesnil (7 January 1900 – 17 July 1989) was a French pianist who was the wife of writer Samuel Beckett.

## Relationship with Beckett

In the 1930s, Beckett chose Déchevaux-Dumesnil as his lover over the heiress Peggy Guggenheim. Six years older than Beckett, Déchevaux-Dumesnil was an austere woman known for avant-garde tastes and left-wing politics. She was a pianist.
During the Second World War, Beckett joined the French Resistance. For over two years, he and Déchevaux-Dumesnil hid from the Germans in a village in the South of France.
Beckett's Waiting for Godot has been called "a metaphor for the long walk into Roussillon, when Beckett and Suzanne slept in haystacks... during the day and walked by night..."
During the relationship between Beckett and Déchevaux-Dumesnil, which lasted more than 50 years, she maintained a private circle of friends and is credited with having influenced Beckett to produce more work.
During the late 1950s, Beckett often stayed in London, where he met Barbara Bray, a BBC script-editor, a widow in her 30s. James Knowlson writes of them: "Beckett seems to have been immediately attracted to her and she to him. Their encounter was highly significant for them both, for it represented the beginning of a relationship that was to last, in parallel with that with Suzanne, for the rest of his life." Soon, their association became "a very intimate and personal one". In a visit to Paris in January 1961, Bray told Beckett she had decided to move there. His response was unusual. In March 1961, he married Déchevaux-Dumesnil in a civil ceremony in Folkestone. On the face of it, this was to make sure that, if he died before her, Déchevaux-Dumesnil would inherit the rights to his work because there was no common-law marriage under French law. He may also have wanted to affirm his loyalty to her. In June 1961, Bray moved to Paris, and despite his recent marriage, Beckett spent much of his time with her. This side of his life was not well known, as Beckett's reserve was "allied to his fear of giving offence to Suzanne". Beckett's play Play (1963) may have been inspired by these events.
Déchevaux-Dumesnil died at age 89 in July 1989, five months before Beckett. They were interred together in the cimetière du Montparnasse in Paris.
# Marcin Kaczmarek (footballer, born 1979)

Marcin Kaczmarek (born 3 December 1979) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for regional league club Sparta Dwikozy.

## Club career

In August 2008, he joined Lechia Gdańsk on a three-year contract.
In February 2011, he signed a contract with ŁKS Łódź.
On 8 June 2019, 39-year old Kaczmarek joined KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski.

## International career

Kaczmarek earned two caps for the Poland national team. His debut took place in the game versus Iceland in Warsaw on 7 September 2005.

## Career statistics
### International

Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Poland |
| Poland | 2005 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 2 | 0 |

## Honours

ŁKS Łódź
* I liga: 2010–11
KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
* Polish Cup (Świętokrzyskie regionals): 2019–20, 2020–21
Star Starachowice
* IV liga Świętokrzyskie: 2022–23
# Merchants and Farmers National Bank Building

Merchants and Farmers National Bank Building was a historic bank building in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. It was built in 1871–1872, a three-story, brick building with a stuccoed front and Italianate style cast iron trim manufactured by the Mecklenburg Iron Works. The building housed Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodges that met there from the 1870s through 1920. It was the oldest surviving commercial building in the central business district of Charlotte until it was demolished in 1989.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The building was demolished in 1989 to make room for construction of the new corporate headquarter of NCNB, which later became Bank of America. Currently, the Bank of America Corporate Center sits at the former location of the building.
# Graeco-Aryan

Graeco-Aryan, or Graeco-Armeno-Aryan, is a hypothetical clade within the Indo-European family that would be the ancestor of Hellenic, Armenian, and the Indo-Iranian languages, which spans Southern Europe, Armenian highlands and Southern Asian regions of Eurasia.
The Graeco-Armeno-Aryan group supposedly branched off from the parent Indo-European stem by the mid-3rd millennium BC.

## Relation to the possible homeland

In the context of the Kurgan hypothesis, Graeco-Aryan is also known as "Late Proto-Indo-European" or "Late Indo-European" to suggest that Graeco-Aryan forms a dialect group, which corresponds to the latest stage of linguistic unity in the Indo-European homeland in the early part of the 3rd millennium BC. By 2500 BC, Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian had separated and moved respectively westward and eastward from the Pontic Steppe.
If Graeco-Aryan is a valid group, Grassmann's law may have a common origin in Greek and Sanskrit. However, Grassmann's law in Greek postdates certain sound changes that happened only in Greek, not Sanskrit, which suggests that it could not have been inherited directly from a common Graeco-Aryan stage. Rather, it is more likely that an areal feature spread across a then-contiguous Graeco-Aryan–speaking area. That would have occurred after early stages of Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian had developed into separate dialects but before they ceased to be in geographic contact.

## History of research and related proposals

Evidence for the existence of a Graeco-Aryan subclade was given by Wolfram Euler's 1979 examination on shared features in Greek and Sanskrit nominal inflection. Graeco-Aryan is invoked in particular in studies of comparative mythology such as Martin Litchfield West (1999) and Calvert Watkins (2001).
Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze and Vyacheslav V. Ivanov included Armenian in Graeco-Aryan and argued for a primary split of Graeco-Aryan into a Greek branch with Greek as its only member, and a Armenian-Aryan branch that comprises Armenian and Indo-Iranian.
Graeco-Aryan has comparatively wide support among Indo-Europeanists who support the Armenian hypothesis, which asserts that the homeland of the Indo-European language family was in the Armenian Highlands.
A related proposal, Graeco-Armenian, assumes a special relation between Greek and Armenian to the exclusion of other Indo-European branches and has been popular among experts since the beginning of the 20th century, although it has not gained generally acceptance, and its validity has been questioned.
# A Life of Grime

A Life of Grime (a play on the expression A Life of Crime) is a BBC reality series following the work of environmental health inspectors. Launched during an explosion of reality television, the idea found something of a cult following.

## Overview

With Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World" as the title music, the episodes were narrated by John Peel and later by Arthur Smith in sardonic tones. Its appeal was based on disgust and the eccentric but often vivid and eloquent characters, most famously Edmund Trebus, encountered either hoarding rubbish or keeping huge numbers of animals. The original series was set in Haringey; subsequent series have been set in Bristol, Salford, Sheffield, Tower Hamlets, City of Westminster, New York and Edinburgh.

## U.S. version

An American version of the series titled A Life of Grime New York, aired on the Discovery Times Channel that takes place in New York.

## Syndication

Both A Life of Grime and A Life of Grime New York have been aired on UKTV People.
# Abel Tasman Inland Track

The Abel Tasman Inland Track is a 38 km (24 mi) tramping track that runs through the centre of the Abel Tasman National Park and is maintained by the Department of Conservation. It diverts from the main Abel Tasman Coast Track between Tinline Bay and Torrent Bay. Although the coast track has the reputation of being New Zealand's most popular walking track, the inland track is a much less walked route, with regular back-country huts.

## Location

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
| Point | Coordinates (links to map & photo sources) |
| Marahau, southern gateway | 40°59′45″S 173°00′18″E﻿ / ﻿40.995745°S 173.005051°E﻿ / -40.995745; 173.005051﻿ (Marahau, southern gateway) |
| Holyoake's Shelter | 40°57′51″S 173°00′06″E﻿ / ﻿40.964175°S 173.001611°E﻿ / -40.964175; 173.001611﻿ (Holyoake's Shelter) |
| Castle Rocks Hut | 40°57′42″S 172°57′13″E﻿ / ﻿40.961683°S 172.953595°E﻿ / -40.961683; 172.953595﻿ (Castle Rocks Hut) |
| Moa Park Shelter | 40°56′17″S 172°56′09″E﻿ / ﻿40.938024°S 172.935947°E﻿ / -40.938024; 172.935947﻿ (Moa Park Shelter) |
| Track to Canaan car park | 40°56′09″S 172°55′44″E﻿ / ﻿40.935914°S 172.928776°E﻿ / -40.935914; 172.928776﻿ (Track to Canaan car park) |
| Track to Wainui Hut | 40°54′25″S 172°55′50″E﻿ / ﻿40.907074°S 172.930559°E﻿ / -40.907074; 172.930559﻿ (Track to Wainui Hut) |
| Awapoto Hut | 40°51′46″S 172°56′19″E﻿ / ﻿40.862912°S 172.938701°E﻿ / -40.862912; 172.938701﻿ (Awapoto Hut) |
| Pigeon Saddle | 40°49′58″S 172°58′08″E﻿ / ﻿40.832799°S 172.968755°E﻿ / -40.832799; 172.968755﻿ (Pigeon Saddle) |
| Wainui car park | 40°48′34″S 172°57′22″E﻿ / ﻿40.809564°S 172.956111°E﻿ / -40.809564; 172.956111﻿ (Wainui car park) |
# Cognitive Abilities Test

Cognitive Abilities Test can refer to two different educational assessment tests.

## CogAT

The Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is a group-administered K–12 assessment published by Riverside Insights and intended to estimate students' learned reasoning and problem solving abilities through a battery of verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal test items. The test purports to assess students' acquired reasoning abilities while also predicting achievement scores when administered with the co-normed Iowa Tests. The test was originally published in 1954 as the Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test, after the psychologists who authored the first version of it, Irving Lorge and Robert L. Thorndike. The CogAT is one of several tests used in the United States to help teachers or other school staff make student placement decisions for gifted education programs, and is accepted for admission to Intertel, a high IQ society for those who score at or above the 99th percentile on a test of intelligence.
Forms 7 and 8 provide comparable scores and may be administered separately or together. Form 7 of the CogAT was designed to be appropriate for non-native English speakers.

### Subtests

Each level of the CogAT includes test batteries with verbal, quantitative, or nonverbal items. Scores are reported separately for each category, and the three batteries may be administered separately.

## CAT4

The Cognitive Abilities Test Fourth Edition (CAT4) is an alternative set of cognitive tests used by many schools in the UK, Ireland, and internationally. The tests were created by GL Education to assess cognitive abilities and predict the future performance of a student. It consists of eight subtests: figure classification; figure matrices; verbal classification; verbal analogies; number analogies; number series; figure analysis; figure recognition.
These tests are used to evaluate different foundational cognitive abilities of a student:
* non-verbal,
* verbal,
* quantitative
* spatial abilities.
The CAT4 tests are levelled by age / year group and are also used by many schools as part of their admissions process. There is some overlap between CAT4 levels to allow for the same cohort sitting the same test. The tests were primarily created to predict future attainment and are based on a significant sample of students in the UK who were tested at multiple stages during the childhood. Their results were then cross-referenced with their achievements to determine the previous score that predicted future attainment. The impact of the school and home environment is significant of course on learning but an innate ability to learn new skills and problem solve is something which selective schools find much easier.
# Gilles Baum

Gilles Baum (born 16 January 1973) is a Luxembourgish politician. He has served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from East since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
# Alifa

Alifa (Bengali: আলিফা) is an Indian Bengali drama feature film written and directed by Deep Choudhury and produced by Arman Ahmed. It stars Baharul Islam and Jaya Seal.
Alifa won the Best Debut Film of A Director award to Deep Choudhury in 2017 64th National Film Awards.

## Story

This movie carries the story of a couple and their daughter Alifa as they had lost their home to soil erosion by the Beki River at Barpeta and settled in Guwahati for their livelihood.

## Cast

* Baharul Islam
* Jaya Seal
* Victor Banerjee
* Al-Mamun Al Siyam as Saif
* Prasun Gayen
* Satya Ranjan
* Pakija Hasmi
* Rayan Abdul
* Swapna Dey
* Mahmuda Begum
* Tajmal Hussain
* Pabitra Rabha as Ranjan

## Festivals

Alifa premièred at 22nd Kolkata International Film Festival in at Kolkata, West Bengal in November 2016.
Alifa was also screened at Ottawa Indian Film Festival Awards 2017 at Ottawa, Canada

## Reception
### Critical response

NEZine.com writes about the film as "Alifa- in search of hope and humanity amidst chaos and despair"
Alifa was also featured in North East Today article in April 2017.

## Accolades

The film was screened at 22nd Kolkata International Film Festival

## Awards and nominations
### 64th National Film Awards

* Best Debut Film of A Director – Deep Choudhury. Alifa (2016)