OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chulia Street, George Town

Chulia Street is one of the oldest roads in the city of George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Created after the founding of George Town in 1786, it forms part of the city's Little India enclave, whilst also boasting a multicultural character due to Indian Muslim and Chinese influences.
In addition, Chulia Street has a large concentration of budget accommodation for tourists, as several shophouses along the road have been converted into hostels and guesthouses. Chulia Street is also well-known as a food paradise within Penang, due to the numerous hawker stalls and restaurants along the street that serve local cuisine.

## Etymology

Originally, the street was named Malabar Street, after the Indians from Malabar who moved to George Town.
The term 'Chulia' is a corruption of 'Chulier', which was once used to refer to the Indians who originated from the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu in India. That particular region was formerly part of the Chola Kingdom, hence the term 'Chulier'.

## History

Malabar Street was laid out soon after the founding of Penang in 1786 by Captain Francis Light. The road marked the original southern limits of the new settlement of George Town.
The street was renamed Chulia Street in 1798, as the British recognised that most of the Indians who moved to the street were, in fact, from Tamil Nadu. The early inhabitants were Muslims, and they subsequently built a number of religious buildings along Chulia Street, such as the Nagore Durgha Shrine and the Noordin Family Tomb.
Due to the influx of ethnic Indians along Chulia Street, the road has become part of George Town's Little India enclave. However, while the population of Indian Muslims along Chulia Street began to decline in the late 19th century, ethnic Chinese were simultaneously moving into the road, thus contributing to Chulia Street's multicultural character.
Since the early 20th century, Chulia Street has gained its reputation as the destination for budget tourists. Budget hostels and guesthouses, along with businesses such as laundries, restaurants, bars and travel agencies, now operate out of the rows of shophouses lining the road. In recent years, upmarket hotels have also been established along Chulia Street.
# Biji Kurdistan

Biji Kurdistan (Kurdish: بژی کوردستان, romanized: Bijî Kurdistan, Kurdish pronunciation:; English: Long live Kurdistan) is a popular slogan expressing Kurdish patriotism and support for the independence of Kurdistan. The phrase is widely used in Kurdish nationalist and cultural movements.
Despite its Kurdish nationalist nature, the president of Iran, Ebrahim Raisi, shouted the phrase during his trip to Sanandaj in 2022. In Turkey, Its use has led to legal repercussions; in 2024, a Kurdish academic was detained for posting it online, and another was warned by a university for similar actions. Critics argue that criminalizing the slogan violates freedom of speech and stifles peaceful dialogue.

## Usage and significance

"Biji Kurdistan" is chanted during political rallies, festivals, and activism, symbolizing Kurdish unity and resistance. It is prominent in diaspora activism, such as weekly vigils in abroad demanding freedom for Abdullah Öcalan. The phrase gained additional significance during celebrations of Kurdish resistance against the Islamic State in 2014.
# Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex

Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex, 6th Baron Bourchier, 3rd Count of Eu and 2nd Viscount Bourchier (died 13 March 1539) was an English soldier, peer and courtier at the courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII. He married Mary Say, by whom he had one child, Anne, who became his heir.

## Family

Bourchier was the son of William Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier and Anne Woodville. He was born between 1472. Through his mother, he was the nephew of Elizabeth Woodville, queen consort to Edward IV. He inherited the titles of 2nd Earl of Essex, 6th Baron Bourchier, 3rd Count of Eu and 2nd Viscount Bourchier from his grandfather Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex on his death in 1483. He married twice, about 1512 to Mary Say(e) (1474-1535), then about 1536 to Mary Blount (1498-1555).

## Career

Bourchier was a member of Henry VII's privy council. He was present at the Siege of Boulogne in 1492 and five years later led a detachment against the rebels at Blackheath. When Henry VIII became king, he was made captain of the new bodyguard.
In 1513, he commanded the cavalry vanguard at the Battle of the Spurs, where he ordered the charge which routed the French gendarmes. As Lieutenant-general of the Spears, he was subsequently present at the sieges of Terouanne and Tournai and was appointed Chief Captain of the King's forces the following year. in 1520 he was part of King Henry's entourage when he met in France with the French king at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, where he carried the Sword of State.
He was one of the judges at the trial in 1521 of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, when the latter was tried on a charge of treason. Bourchier received the manor of Bedminster as his share of the Duke's forfeited estates.
In March 1539, he broke his neck after falling from his horse and died from his injury and was buried at Little Easton church in Essex. Without male issue, his earldom and his countship became extinct. His barony was inherited by his daughter Anne, who had married William Parr, Baron Parr of Kendal, brother of Queen Katherine Parr, who was created Earl of Essex in 1543 and Marquess of Northampton in 1547. Anne had already separated from her husband in 1541 due to her own adultery.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex :
# Ivan Pidkova

Ivan Pidkova (Ukrainian: Іван Підкова) or Ioan Potcoavă (died 16 June 1578), also known as Ioan Crețul, and Nicoară Potcoavă among Romanians, was a prominent Cossack Ataman, and short-time ruler of Moldavia (November–December 1577). His moniker ("pidkova" in Ukrainian/"potcoavă" in Romanian – "horseshoe") is said to originate in the fact that he used to ride his stallions to the point of breaking off their horseshoes; another version says that he could break and unbend both horseshoes and coins with his fists. He is perhaps best known as the hero of Ukraine's bard Taras Shevchenko's poem Ivan Pidkova (1840). Celebrated as a Ukrainian hero he led the Moldavian and Ukrainian struggle against Turkish domination. Most notably, led his famous Moldavian campaign in November 1577, due to which he temporarily took power in Moldavia. In his poem on Pidkova, Shevchenko "lets his mind travel over the Ukrainian past," expressing his admiration for the Ukrainian Cossacks.

## Biography

His ethnic origins are not known, but he is generally regarded as of Ukrainian ethnicity. However, Paul Robert Magocsi states he was a Ukrainian Cossack of Romanian origin. More broadly, Pidkova was a "Kozak Otaman who led the Moldavian and Ukrainian struggle against the Turks." After rising to prominence as a successful soldier, he became a leader (Otaman) and the sworn brother of Hetman Yakiv Shah, elected by the Cossacks of the Registered Zaporozhian Host from Ukraine neighbouring Moldavia. In 1574, Ioan Vodă cel Cumplit, whose brother Pidkova claimed to be, had named the territory "Our Country from over the Dniester". Other Moldavian Atamans and Hetmans of the Cossacks were Grigore Lobodă (Hryhoriy Loboda; 1593–1596) and Dănilă Apostol (Danylo Apostol; 1727–1734).
Pidkova was one of the so-called Domnișori ("Little Princes"), named so because of a more or less based claims of belonging to Moldavian ruling families, thus exercising demands of the throne. Claiming to be Ioan III Vodă's half-brother, he together with Hetman Yakiv Shah chased Peter the Lame from the throne and resisted the first wave of violent Ottoman reaction. The Turks, their Wallachian vassal Mihnea Turcitul and their Transylvania vassal and Polish partner, King Stefan Báthory, managed to remove him. In the end, Pidkova was taken prisoner by Poles and decapitated in Lviv.
He is the hero of Taras Shevchenko's romantic 1839 poem Ivan Pidkova, of Romanian writer Mihail Sadoveanu's socialist realist 1952 novel Nicoară Potcoavă, and of several Cossack ballads. His monument is placed on one of the small central squares in Lviv, Ukraine.
# Max and Claire Brombacher House

Max and Claire Brombacher House, also known as Hemlock Hill, is a historic home located at Brevard, Transylvania County, North Carolina. It was built in 1940, and is a one-story, rectangular, Rustic style stone dwelling. It has a pyramidal roof over the south block and a side-gable over the north wing. It was constructed of irregular, jagged-edge stones by local stonemasons.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
# Cho Sang-woo

Cho Sang-woo (Korean: 조상우; born September 4, 1994) is a South Korean professional baseball pitcher currently playing for the Kiwoom Heroes of the KBO League.
Cho Sang-woo, along with Park Dong-won in 2018, has been unable to play since June, being tied to a sexual assault case. No charges were filed.
# Lord-Dane House

The Lord-Dane House is a historic house in Alfred, York County, Maine. Built in about 1803 as a country retreat for a ship's captain, it is a high-quality example of Federal architecture in a rural context. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

## Description and history

The Lord-Dane House is set at the northwest corner of Federal and Gore Streets, a few miles north of Alfred's village center. Federal Street was, at the time of the house's construction, the primary road from the village to the northern reaches of the geographically large municipality. The house is a rambling two story L-shaped wood-frame structure, with a main block connected via ells to a former storehouse and carriage barn, which are now fully integrated into the structure. The main block has a hip roof, central chimney, and clapboard siding. There are major entrances on both the south and east-facing facades of the main block. Extending west from the main block is a gable-roof ell, which joins a similar ell at right angles. That ell extends south to connect to the carriage barn, whose door bays have been replaced by false fronts resembling doors. Portions of the house's exterior exhibit 19th-century stylistic alterations, including Greek Revival and Italianate elements.
The house was built about 1803 by Tobias Lord, a wealthy ship's captain and merchant operating out of Kennebunk. His second wife, Hepzibah Conant, whom he married in 1781, was an Alfred native, and the couple moved to Alfred after building this house. He died in 1808, she in 1816, and it was sold out of the family in 1821 by their heirs. Its most notable 19th-century resident was Nathan Dane, a lumber merchant and banker who also served in the state senate and as state treasurer in the 1860s. Dane lived here from 1830 to 1868.
# Macalister Road, George Town

Macalister Road is a major thoroughfare in the city of George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. The road stretches out of Magazine Circus next to Komtar towards Western Road, a leafier enclave within the city centre.
The road was named after one of the Governors of Penang in the early 19th century. Originally a dirt track, the eastern section of Macalister Road has become urbanised as part of the city centre. Notably, the westernmost section of Macalister Road still retains a quieter, greener character, with mature Angsana trees providing shade along this particular section of the road.

## Etymology

Macalister Road was named in honour of a Scotsman, Colonel Norman Macalister, who served as the Governor of the Prince of Wales Island (now Penang Island) between 1808 and 1810.

## History

During the colonial era, the Europeans tended to build their residences at Macalister Road. Tall Angsana trees were planted along the westernmost section of Macalister Road by Charles Curtis, who was the curator of the Penang Botanic Gardens in the late 19th century. In addition to the Angsana trees, a baobab tree, planted by Captain Speedy, was planted at this section of Macalister Road as well and still remains at the same spot to this day; it is one of the only three baobab trees in Penang.
Among the European residences at this particular stretch of Macalister Road are the Mayfair, Union Villa and Seri Teratai, the latter of which is the official residence of the Chief Minister of Penang. St. George's Girls School, one of the premier English schools in Penang, was relocated to its present grounds at this stretch of Macalister Road in 1954.
Further east, the King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, named after King Edward VII who was the British monarch between 1901 and 1910, was completed in 1915. This maternity hospital was in operation until 1955; the building now houses a branch of the Penang State Museum and Art Gallery.
In 2013, a thunderstorm led to the collapse of the spire of Menara Umno, a high-rise at the eastern section of Macalister Road.

## Landmarks

* Seri Teratai
* King Edward VII Memorial Hospital (now Penang State Museum and Art Gallery branch)
* Sun Yat-sen Memorial Centre
* JKP Tower

## Education

* St. George's Girls' School
* St. Christopher's International Primary School
* Hua Xia International School
* DISTED College

## Health care

* Loh Guan Lye Specialists Centre
* Island Hospital
# Promotion (song)

"Promotion" is a song by the American hip hop superduo ¥$, composed of rapper Kanye West and singer Ty Dolla Sign, from their second studio album, Vultures 2 (2024). The song features vocals from Future. Prior to the song's release, Adin Ross previewed a snippet in July 2024.
"Promotion" peaked at number 76 on the Billboard Hot 100, and is Future's 200th entry on the chart. Critical responses to the song were generally unfavorable.

## Background and composition

On July 23, 2024, American influencer Adin Ross shared a snippet of "Promotion", revealing rapper Future's appearance. At a concert in August, Ty Dolla Sign mistakenly said that Vultures 2 topped the US Billboard 200 prior to a performance of the song. "Promotion" includes synthesizer tones and drum machine sounds, with emphasis on reverb and sparse vocal samples. During the songs outro, West references his hit single "Good Life" (2007), rapping "Like we always do at this..."
The song was initially recorded in 2021 as a Future song featuring Ty Dolla Sign, titled "Gorgeous", which contained additional lines from each artist and different, Chinese classical-inspired production. The song was shelved until it was brought to West in 2023, and was reworked during the Vultures 1 recording sessions in Japan. On the released version, the original hi-hats can be faintly heard during Future's parts, as the audio bled through the channels during recording; this is also true for fellow Vultures 2 track "Forever Rolling" as heard during American rapper Lil Baby's verse.

## Reception

"Promotion" was met with generally negative reviews from music critics. Writing for Slant Magazine, Paul Attard felt that West is not bothered with the song and called it "too-cutesy". Gabriel Bras Nevares of HotNewHipHop was highly critical of the production, seeing the synth tones and drums as among the most generic work of 2024. In a positive review at Billboard, Michael Saponara wrote that the song features West's strongest performance on the album as he utilizes his "Midas touch" and also praised Future's appearance.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Promotion" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 80 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 138 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 5 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 94 |
| UK Indie (OCC) | 34 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 76 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 21 |
# R v Grantham

R v Grantham [1984] QB 675 is a UK insolvency law case which decides that an intent to defraud, now under the Insolvency Act 1986 section 213, needs to be established for a conviction for fraudulent trading, and knowing that there was no prospect of being able to pay debt when they fell due, even if there might be a distant prospect in the future, constituted an intent to defraud.

## Facts

Mr Grantham was tried for fraudulent trading, contrary to the Companies Act 1948 section 332(3) (now Insolvency Act 1986 section 213). The jury were directed that they could find dishonesty and intent to defraud if they thought Mr Grantham obtained credit when he knew there was no good reason for thinking that his company would be able to repay the debt when it became due.
Mr Grantham was convicted. He appealed that the jury was given the wrong direction.

## Judgment

Lord Lane CJ, Boreham J and Stuart-Smith J dismissed Mr Grantham's appeal. They held there was no error in the direction. Applying the House of Lords case Welham v DPP [1961] AC 103, under section 332 (now section 213, Insolvency Act 1986) an intent to defraud was established on proof of intention to dishonestly prejudice creditors in being repaid.

## Significance

In a previous case from 1960, Re White & Osmond (Parkstone) Ltd Buckley J held that 'there is nothing to say that directors who genuinely believe that the clouds will roll away and the sunshine of prosperity will shine upon them again and disperse the fog of their depression are not entitled to incur credit to help them get over the bad time.' But this approach, allowing directors to keep incurring losses when they knew a company was unable to meet debts was disapproved by R v Grantham. If a director knew there was no short term prospect of repaying debts, it was irrelevant that he thought there may some hypothetical day be "blue skies" ahead.
# WPVC-LP

WPVC-LP was a progressive talk radio and electronic dance music formatted low-power radio station licensed to Charlottesville, Virginia, serving Charlottesville and Albemarle County in Virginia. WPVC-LP was owned and operated by Promise Land Communications.

## History

On September 20, 2015, WPVC-LP first signed on the air for the first time.
In September 2019, Saga Communications, which operates the Charlottesville Radio Group under the Tidewater Communications licensee, filed a petition with the FCC requesting that WXRK-LP's license not be renewed. Saga claimed the station, along with other Charlottesville-based low-power FMs, were operating as "a de facto cluster". WXRK-LP station's founder Mike Friend called the petition to deny "'legal junk' and a deliberate 'misinterpretation' of FCC rules". F riend pointed to other attempts by Saga to shutter low-power FM stations within Saga markets.
Saga, in 2004, claimed that KFLO-LP in Jonesboro, Arkansas, was airing announcements that "sound suspiciously like commercials". Saga also petitioned the FCC to revoke the license of WLCQ-LP, a Christian station in the Springfield, Massachusetts, market, "for equipment violations" in 2015. In both cases, the FCC "admonished the station" but denied Saga's complaints.
Jeff Lenert, co-founder of WPVC-LP, said that "though [the stations] share a building" all of "the stations all operate separately, having only limited and largely incidental contact with each other". Lenert turned in the license for WPVC-LP on June 16, 2020, "As a result of the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic and recent increased costs of station ownership and operation, it has become impossible to operate station WPVC-LP in the manner that I wish." Lenert largely blamed the "legal action by Saga Communications combined with a loss of sponsors during the pandemic" for the signing off of that station. The station's license was deleted and its pending renewal dismissed on July 7 of the same year.
The FCC effectively denied the petition from Saga regarding WPVC, in a ruling for the license of WREN-LP, housed in the same building, filed on September 30, 2024.
# Teinopalpus aureus

Teinopalpus aureus, the golden Kaiser-i-Hind, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in China, Vietnam and Laos, with several named subspecies The species is considered threatened by the wildlife trade hence is under Appendix II of CITES as part of the listed genus Teinopalpus. It is also specifically protected in China as grade-1 under the Wildlife Protection Law of the PRC (First-class of National Key Protected Animals).

## Distributopn

Species distribution models show that montane forests in mid to high elevations of Southern China, Laos, and Vietnam present suitable habitats for T. aureus. However, many of these areas have poorly connected habitat networks and the extent of distribution is predicted to be declining as several portions are facing extensive deforestation and severe climate change effects.

## Subspecies

* Teinopalpus aureus aureus Mell, 1923
* Teinopalpus aureus eminens Turlin, 1991
* Teinopalpus aureus guangxiensis Chou & Zhou, 1994
* Teinopalpus aureus hainanensis Lee, ? (per Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998)
* Teinopalpus aureus laotiana Collard, 2007
* Teinopalpus aureus nagaoi Morita, 2003
* Teinopalpus aureus shinkaii Morita, 1998
* Teinopalpus aureus wuyiensis Lee, ? (per Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998)
# Blanfordia simplex

Blanfordia simplex is a species of land snail that has an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.
Henry Augustus Pilsbry described it as Blanfordia japonica var. simplex in 1902. He has elevated this taxon to specific level in 1903.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Japan. It occurs widely along the Sea of Japan. The type locality is Nishigo, Uzen Province, Honshu.
It is a Near Threatened species.

## Description

Blanfordia simplex has a shell with 4.1-5.1 whorls. Pilsbry (1902) described the first whorl to be more or less worn. The color of the shell is yellowish-olivaceous. It has the lip hardly visible, only a mere trifle expanded.
The width of the shell is 3.7-4.2 mm. The height of the shell is 5.9-6.9 mm.
| Drawing of apertural view of a shell. The scale is 1 mm. | Drawing of lateral view of a shell. The scale is 1 mm. |
The shell of Blanfordia simplex is shorter and broader than that of Blanfordia bensoni.

## Ecology

This species lives on coastal dunes and in littoral forests.
# Westside Connection (song)

"Westside Connection" is a single by American rapper Rod Wave, released on January 10, 2025. It was produced by T5, Wonderyo, Lay-Z and Fielry.

## Composition and lyrics

"Westside Connection" is a melodic trap song with piano keys and 808 drums. Lyrically, Rod Wave reflects on a difficult and confusing relationship with a lover that is causing him heartache and sorrow. He sings about persevering while critically addressing her disloyalty ("I don't get it, let's switch this chapter, I don't like the story, I'm changin' it / Just met a uphill battle, it's okay I was made for this / And you were never there for me, I tried to give you everything / You can't get away with this / We was in the bottom together, you're supposed to be right here with me / Hate me for what I did to you, I'on hate you for what you did to me"). At the same time, he acknowledges her helping him during a time when he was suffering.

## Critical reception

Zachary Horvath of HotNewHipHop wrote, "Selling this entire complicated love story is Rod's terrific and passionate vocals and melodies. He's always able to sound so delicate yet powerful, and this track could be a sign of more great music to come in 2025." Preezy Brown of Vibe, who called the song a "lovelorn salvo", remarked that "Rod Wave has all but mastered the composition of emotive serenades, as he rarely misses when sticking to his tried-and-true script."

## Charts

Chart performance for "Westside Connection" :
| Chart (2025) | Peak position |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 36 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 6 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 31 |