# Timeline of Baghdad

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baghdad, Iraq.
* 2000 BCE – Babylonian city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).
* 762 CE
** Round City construction begins per Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur.
** Al-Khassakiyya mosque built.
* 767 – Al-Mansur Mosque built.
* 775 – Bab al-Taq (gate) built.
* 786 – Harun al-Rashid in power.
* 794 – Paper mill in operation.
* 799 – Mashhad al-Kazimiyya built.
* 812-813 Siege of Baghdad, Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
* 814 – City captured by al-Ma'mun.
* 827 – Tomb of Zobeide built.
* 836 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tasim relocated from Baghdad to Samarra.
* 850 – Book of Ingenious Devices published.
* 855 – Funeral of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
* 861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.
* 865 – City wall built.
* 865-866 Caliphal Civil War, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra" between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz.
* 892 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tamid relocated to Baghdad from Samarra.
* 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.
* 908 – Al-Khulafa Mosque built.
* 946 – Battle of Baghdad; Shia Buyids in power.
* 993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.
* 1055 – Seljuq Nizam al-Mulk in power.
* 1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.
* 1066 – Abu Hanifa Mosque restored.
* 1067 – Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (college) established.
* 1095 – City wall rebuilt.
* 1157 - Siege of Baghdad, Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
* 1180 – Caliph al-Nasir in power.
* 1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.
* 1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).
* 1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.
* 1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.
* 1226 - al-Baghdadi compiles Kitab al-Tabikh (1226) [ar] (cookbook).
* 1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.
* 1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).
* 1232 – Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah established.
* 1252 – Shrine of Abdul-Kadir built.
* 1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol Hulagu Khan during the Siege of Baghdad; most of population killed.
* 1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).
* 1326 – Ibn Battuta visits city.
* 1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.
* 1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.
* 1393 – City captured by Timur.
* 1401 – City captured by Timur again.
* 1405 – Sultan Ahmed Jalayir in power.
* 1417 – City taken by Qara Yusuf.
* 1468 – Aq Qoyunlu in power.

## 16th–19th centuries

* 1508 - City taken by Persian Ismail I.
* 1534
** Capture of Baghdad by Ottomans.
** Mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir al-Gilani built.
* 1535 – City becomes capital of the Baghdad Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
* 1544 – City taken by forces of Suleiman I.
* 1578 – Al-Muradiyya Mosque built.
* 1601 – Coffeehouse built.
* 1602 – City taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia.
* 1623 – 23 January: Capture of Baghdad by Safavids.
* 1625 - Siege of Baghdad, Ottoman–Safavid Wars
* 1638 – Capture of Baghdad by forces of Ottoman Murad IV.
* 1682 – Khaseki mosque built.
* 1683 – City besieged.
* 1780 – Mamluk Sulayman Pasha the Great in power.
* 1795 – Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya built.
* 1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.
* 1816 – Mamluk Dawud Pasha in power.
* 1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).
* 1826 – Haydar-Khana Mosque constructed in its current form.
* 1830
** British East Indian Company in residence (approximate date).
** Plague.
* 1831 – Flood, then famine.
* 1841 – Lynch Brothers in business.
* 1848 – Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad established.
* 1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from Babylonian city of Baghdadu.
* 1861 – Istanbul-Baghdad telegraph line installed.
* 1865
** Basrah-Baghdad telegraph line installed.
** Alliance Israélite boys' school established.
* 1869 – Midhat Pasha in power.
* 1870
** Municipal council established.
** City walls demolished.
* 1871 – Population: 65,000.
* 1880 – Turkish camel post begins operating (approximate date).
* 1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).
* 1899 – Alliance Israélite girls' school established.

## 20th century
### 1900s–1940s

* 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).
* 1909 – Cinema built.
* 1911 – Ottoman XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
* 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).
* 1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.
* 1915
** Istanbul-Baghdad railway begins operating.
** Al-Rasheed Street laid out.
** Cholera epidemic.
* 1917
** March: Fall of Baghdad (1917); British in power.
** Cinema opens.
** Rasheed Street becomes the first to be electrically illuminated in Iraq
* 1919 – Guardians of Independence organized.
* 1920
** City becomes capital of the British Mandate of Iraq.
** Iraqi revolt against the British.
** Maktabat al-Salam (library) established.
* 1926 – Baghdad Antiquities Museum founded.
* 1927 – British Imperial Airways begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.
* 1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
* 1931 – Strike.
* 1932 – Third Eastern Women's Congress is held.
* 1936 – Military coup.
* 1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.
* 1941 - Iraqi coup d'état in Baghdad, World War II
* 1941
** May: Anglo-Iraqi War.
** June: Farhud (pogrom against Jews).
* 1944 – Baghdad Symphony Orchestra founded.
* 1946 – Al-Sarafiya bridge built.
* 1947 - Population: 352,137.
* 1948
** Uprising.
** Popular Theatre Company and filmmaking Studio of Baghdad formed.
22. 1948 - Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries

### 1950s–1990s

* 1952
** Uprising.
** Modern Theatre Company formed.
* 1953 – Baghdad Central Station built.
* 1956
** Samarra Barrage constructed on the Tigris River near the city.
** May: Government television begins broadcasting.
** Uprising.
** Iraqi Artists Society formed.
* 1957
** University of Baghdad established.
** Demonstration.
* 1958
** 14 July: Iraqi coup d'état against king Faisal II at Royal Palace.
** City becomes capital of the Republic of Iraq.
* 1959
** Revolution City built.
** Al-Mabda' newspaper begins publication.
** Unknown Soldier monument erected on Firdos Square.
* 1960 – September: OPEC founded at Baghdad Conference (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela).
* 1961 – Iraq National Library and Archive established.
* 1963
** 8–10 February: Iraqi coup d'état.
** Khulafa Central Mosque built.
** Al-Mustansiriya University and Al-Rasheed Sport Club established.
* 1964 – Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital established.
* 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.
* 1966
** Film festival held at Al-Rashid Cinema.
** Al-Shaab Stadium and Martyrs' Mosque built.
* 1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.
* 1968 – National Theatre Company established.
* 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).
* 1971 – Baghdad Zoo opens.
* 1975 – Central Post Office built.
* 1978 – November: Arab League summit.
* 1980
** Iran–Iraq War begins.
** Film school of the Institute of Fine Arts established.
* 1981 – National Film Center and Saddam Hussein Gymnasium (now Baghdad Gymnasium) built.
* 1982
** Saddam International Airport, Al Rasheed Hotel, Palestine Meridien Hotel, and Baghdad Conference Palace built.
** Ishtar Sheraton Hotel opens.
** The Monument to the Unknown Soldier inaugurated.
* 1983 – Al-Shaheed Monument built.
* 1985
** Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.
** Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.
* 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.
* 1988 – Saddam University established.
* 1989 – Victory Arch erected.
* 1991
** Gulf War.
** 13 February: Amiriyah shelter bombing.
* 1993 – 26 June: Missile strikes by United States.
* 1994 – Baghdad Tower constructed.

## 21st century
### 2000s

* 2002 – April: Statue of Saddam Hussein erected in Firdos Square.
* 2003
** 3–12 April: Battle of Baghdad (2003); United States in power; Green Zone established.
** 9 April: Firdos Square statue destruction.
** 7 August: Jordanian embassy bombing.
** 19 August: Canal Hotel bombing.
** 27 October: Bombings.
* 2004
** 2 March: Ashura bombings.
** 29 May: Alaa al-Tamimi becomes mayor.
** 25 August: Baghdad International Airport reverts to civilian control.
** 12 September: Haifa Street helicopter incident.
** 14 September: Bombing.
* 2005
** 8 August: Municipal coup d'état.
** 31 August: 2005 Baghdad bridge stampede.
** Baghdad International Film Festival begins.
* 2006
** 22 February: Battle of Baghdad (2006–2008)
** 7 April: Buratha Mosque bombing.
** 1 July: Sadr City bombing.
** 9 July: Hay al Jihad massacre.
** 23 November: Sadr City bombings.
* 2007
** 16 January: Mustansiriya University bombings.
** 22 January: Bombings.
** 3 February: Market bombing.
** 14 February: Baghdad Security Plan effected.
** 18 February: Bombings.
** 5 March: Mutanabbi Street bombed.
** 29 March: Bombings.
** April: Adhamiyah neighborhood Wall construction begins.
** 26 July: Market bombing.
** 1 August: Bombings.
* 2008
** Baghdad Metro resumes operation.
** 6 March: Bombing.
** 17 June: Bombing.
* 2009
** 1 January: Control of Green Zone transferred from US to Iraq.
** Dismantling of war-time blast walls begins.
** 19 August: Bombings.

### 2010s

* 2010
** 17 August: Bombings.
** Baghdad FC Stadium opens.
* 2012
** 5 January: Bombings.
** 27 January: Bombing.
** 23 February: 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks.
** 4 June: Bombing of Shia office.
* 2015 - Air pollution in Baghdad reaches annual mean of 88 PM2.5 and 208 PM10, much higher than recommended.
* 2016 - 3 July: Bombing in Karrada.
* 2018 - 10 June: Election ballot warehouse catches fire.
* 2019
** 1 October: Protests erupted in Baghdad in Liberation Square
** 7 October: Dozens of protesters were killed and hundreds were injured in Sadr City.
** 28 October: Safaa Al Sarai killed
** 14 November: Four people were killed and 62 injured in Baghdad in clashes between security forces and protesters.

### 2020s

* 2020
** 3 January: Qasem Soleimani was assassinated by a U.S. drone strike near Baghdad International Airport.
* 2021
** 21 January: Bombings.
** 24 April: Hospital fire.
** 25 May: anti-government protests.
** 19 July: Bombing.