OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexandre-Joseph Doucet

Alexandre-Joseph Doucet (November 1, 1880 – July 28, 1951) was a farmer and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Kent in the House of Commons of Canada from 1923 to 1926 as a Conservative.
He was born in Grand Étang, Nova Scotia, the son of Joseph-Romuald Doucet and Sophie Le Blanc. Doucet was a farmer at Notre-Dame, Kent County. In 1903, he married Philomène Le Blanc. Doucet ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in 1921. He was first elected to the House of Commons in a 1923 by-election held following the death of Auguste Théophile Léger. He served on the municipal council for Dundas from 1923 to 1925. Doucet was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1926, 1935 and 1945. He was a director of the Potato Grower's Association of New Brunswick and auditor for the Farmer's Co-operative Creamery of Moncton. Doucet died in Moncton at the age of 70.

## Electoral record

vte1945 Canadian federal election: Kent :
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Liberal | Aurel Léger | 6,835 | 65.0 | +0.2 |
| Progressive Conservative | Alexandre-Joseph Doucet | 3,032 | 29.4 | -5.8 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Alcide LeBlanc | 584 | 5.6 | * |
vte1935 Canadian federal election: Kent :
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Liberal | Louis P. Robichaud | 6,504 | 68.2 | +20.2 |
| Conservative | Télésphore Arsenault | 4,884 | 16.7 | -35.3 |
| Independent | Alexandre-Joseph Doucet | 1,442 | 15.1 | * |
vte1926 Canadian federal election: Kent :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Alfred Edmond Bourgeois | 4,799 | 53.5 | +9.1 |
| | Conservative | Alexandre-Joseph Doucet | 4,173 | 46.5 | -9.1 |
| Source(s) "Kent, New Brunswick (1867 - 1966)". History of Federal Ridings Since 1867. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2024. |||||||
vte1925 Canadian federal election: Kent :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Alexandre-Joseph Doucet | 4,427 | 55.6 | +4.1 |
| | Liberal | Louis P. Robichaud | 3,534 | 44.4 | -4.1 |
By-election on December 20, 1923 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Alexandre-Joseph Doucet | 3,643 | 51.5 | +11.4 |
| | Liberal | Alfred Bourgeois | 3,435 | 48.5 | -11.4 |
# Frederick Bowhill

Air chief marshal Sir Frederick William Bowhill (1 September 1880 – 12 March 1960) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force before and during World War II.

## RAF career

Bowhill started his career as a midshipman in the merchant navy in 1896. In 1912 he attended the Central Flying School and in 1914 he was given command of the seaplane carrier HMS Empress. He became Officer Commanding No. 8 Squadron of the Royal Naval Air Service in 1915 and Station Commander at RNAS Felixstowe in 1918. Later that year he commanded RNAS Killingholme.
After the war Bowhill was not to rest for long from operational service. In 1920 he was the Chief of Staff to Group Captain Robert Gordon for the highly successful Somaliland campaign. He went on to be Officer Commanding the RAF Depot in Egypt in 1925, Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters RAF Iraq Command in 1928 and Director of Organisation and Staff Duties at the Air Ministry in 1929. In 1931 he was appointed Air Officer Commanding the Fighting Area of the Air Defence of Great Britain and in 1933 he became Air Member for Personnel.
He served in World War II initially as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Coastal Command, then as Air Officer Commanding RAF Ferry Command, in which capacity using his knowledge of the sea he properly identified the likely position of the German battleship Bismarck using a Catalina flying boat allowing it to be sunk. His last appointment was as Air Officer Commanding Transport Command in 1943 before retiring in 1945.
# DSB class P

The class P was a series of steam locomotives of the Danish State Railways, designed by chief mechanical engineer O.F.A. Busse and introduced in 1907. With a wheel arrangement of 4-4-2 (2'B1 in UIC classification), they were well suited to express trains, and were the first steam locomotives in Denmark heavier than 100 tons. They saw service on most DSB main lines, but were at their best on the relatively level Copenhagen to Korsør and Fredericia to Esbjerg services.
Due to shortages of powerful locomotives with low axle load during World War II, seven of the class P locomotives were rebuilt to a 4-6-2 arrangement and designated class PR, starting in 1943. Two of the class P locomotives have been preserved, as well as one unit of class PR.
# Fencing at the 1983 Pan American Games
## Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual épée details | Agapito Nussa Cuba | Jean-Marc Chouinard Canada | Timothy Glass United States} |
| Team épée details | Canada Canada | United States of America United States | Venezuela Venezuela |
| Individual foil details | Efigenio Favier Sando Cuba | José Rafael Magallanes Venezuela | Gregory Massialas United States |
| Team foil details | Cuba Cuba | United States of America United States | Venezuela Venezuela |
| Individual sabre details | Peter Westbrook United States | Luis Manuel Ortíz Cuba | Jean-Paul Banos Canada |
| Team sabre details | Cuba Cuba | United States of America United States | Canada Canada |

## Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual foil details | Margarita Rodríguez Cuba | Lourdes Lozano Rodríguez Mexico | Clara Alfonso Cuba |
| Team foil details | Cuba Cuba | United States of America United States | Argentina Argentina |

## Medal table

| Place | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | Cuba | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| 2 | United States | 1 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
| 3 | Canada | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Venezuela | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | Mexico | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Argentina | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
# This Means War (Tank album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 9/10 |
| Sounds | |
This Means War is the third album by English heavy metal band Tank, released in 1983. On this album, the line-up expanded to a four-piece, with the addition of second guitarist Mick Tucker, former member of the NWOBHM band White Spirit. Thanks to Tucker's songwriting contributions and to the sound being expanded by an extra guitar, the band changed their music in comparison with their previous albums with longer, more melodic compositions, which helped differentiate Tank from Motörhead, the band they were often compared to.

## Track listing

All songs written by Tank.

### Side one

* "Just Like Something from Hell" – 8:30
* "Hot Lead, Cold Steel" – 5:46
* "This Means War" – 5:18

### Side two

* "Laughing in the Face of Death" – 5:16
* "(If We Go) We Go Down Fighting" – 5:26
* "I (Won't Ever Let You Down)" – 4:40
* "Echoes of a Distant Battle" – 5:03

### CD edition bonus tracks

Since 2007, editions of the album have been available on CD with the following bonus tracks:
* "The Man Who Never Was" (B-side of "Echoes of a Distant Battle" single) – 4:31
* "Whichcatchewedmycuckoo" (additional B-side of "Echoes of a Distant Battle" 12") – 3:20
* "Swapiyayo" (hidden track on original LP releases, title taken from 1984 French release) – 1:13

## Personnel
### Tank

* Algy Ward – vocals, bass
* Peter Brabbs – guitar
* Mick Tucker – guitar
* Mark Brabbs – drums

### Production

* Produced by John Verity
* Cover art by Chris Webster
# William McDonald (Canadian politician)

William McDonald (October 7, 1837 – July 4, 1916) was a Canadian politician.
Born at the Settlement of River Deny's Road, Inverness, Nova Scotia, the son of Mary McDonald and Allan McDonald, who emigrated from South Uist, Scotland, McDonald was educated at St. Francois Xavier College, Antigonish, Nova Scotia.
A merchant, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for Cape Breton in the 1872 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1874, 1878, and 1882. In 1884, he was called to the Senate on the advice of John Alexander Macdonald representing the senatorial division of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He served for almost 44 years as a member of parliament and senator until his death in 1916.
The intersection of Main, Union and Commercial streets in downtown Glace Bay is named "Senator's Corner" in his honour.

## Electoral record

vte1878 Canadian federal election: Cape Breton :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Hugh McLeod | 2,056 | – | Y |
| | Conservative | William McDonald | 2,051 | – | Y |
| | Liberal | Newton LeGayet Mackay | 1,153 | | |
| | Unknown | Walter Young | 696 | | |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
vte1874 Canadian federal election: Cape Breton :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
| | Conservative | William McDonald | 1,251 | – | Y |
| | Liberal | Newton LeGayet Mackay | 1,136 | – | Y |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Hugh McLeod | 1,108 | – | |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
vte1872 Canadian federal election: Cape Breton :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
| | Conservative | Newton LeGayet MacKay | 1,240 | – | Y |
| | Conservative | William McDonald | 1,038 | – | Y |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Hugh McLeod | 932 | | |
| | Liberal–Conservative | James McKeagney | 882 | | |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
# São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company

São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company, also known as Light São Paulo or simply Light (Portuguese pronunciation:), was a privately owned utility company operating in São Paulo, Brazil from 1899 until 1981.

## History

Canadians William Mackenzie and Frederick Stark Pearson founded the São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company in 1899. In 1900 Light São Paulo began operating the first tram line in the city of São Paulo which ran to Barra Funda.
Work began in 1901 on the hydroelectric plant in Santana de Parnaíba. It opened in 1905. In 1905 the company installed the first electric street lights on Rua Barão de Itapetininga. In 1906 the company constructed a reservoir at Guarapiranga. In 1907 they installed 50 more lights on Direita Street, Rua 15 de Novembro, and Rua São Bento.
The company signed a contract with the state of São Paulo for the first time in 1911. By 1916 they had installed 8,605 gas lights and 864 electric street lamps in the city.
In 1927 the company won a government contract to transfer the surplus flow of the Tietê River to feed the Henry Borden hydroelectric power plant in Cubatão, requiring the inversion of the natural flow of Pinheiros River. As part of the concession contract, the company received the right to expropriate wetlands surrounding the river basin for both its own use and city infrastructure projects, with a clause giving previous owners priority in subsequent real estate auctions. In February 1929 the region was subjected to above-average precipitation which, due to company operations (the opening of the Guarapiranga and Billings Reservoir sluices while closing the Santana de Parnaíba dam, trapping the surplus water in the metropolitan region of São Paulo) resulted in the worst flooding in the city history, the water level rising 3.45 meters above the normal levels and resulting in 38 deaths. When the water level receded, the company identified the affected areas with bronze plaques which marked them for expropriation, totaling 20.779.443 square meters (about 1/3 of the total metropolitan area). To avoid the buy-back clause the company resorted to side agreements with expropriated proprietors, only 10% of the expropriated properties returning to their original owners. Despite ample press coverage at the time, the company was never formally indicted due to political pressure.

## Successors

SPTL&P's tramways were acquired by Companhia Municipal de Transportes Coletivos in 1946, SPTL&P line disappeared in the early 1960s and eventually the city's remaining tram routes by 1968 with buses or trolleybuses.
In 1916 the telephone companies merged to create the Companhia Telefônica Brasileira (CTB) and now succeeded by what is now Telebrás.
During the 1930s, while Fábio da Silva Prado was mayor, electric light was brought to the rest of the city. This expansion continued under Prestes Maia in the following decades.
In 1947 the utility companies were nationalized.
In 1981 the city government under Mayor Paulo Maluf created Eletropaulo.
# Kawarau Gibbston Dark Sky Park

The Kawarau Gibbston Dark Sky Park is a dark-sky preserve located between Cromwell and Queenstown in the Queenstown-Lakes District in the South Island of New Zealand. It covers an area of 25 km$^2$ (9.7 sq mi) along a section of the Kawarau River, and is centred on the small community of Gibbston. The Kawarau Gibbston Dark Sky Park was accredited as an International Dark Sky Park by DarkSky International in May 2024. It is the first dark sky preserve to be accredited in the Otago Region, the seventh dark sky preserve in New Zealand, and the third International Dark Sky Park in the country (after Wai-iti Dark Sky Park and Oxford Forest Conservation Area).
The Kawarau Gibbston Dark Sky Park is located in a valley and shielded from light pollution by high mountains, leading to a particularly dark night sky. Central regions of the Magellanic Clouds and the Milky Way galaxy can be readily viewed and photographed, as well as the Aurora Australis.
The application for the dark sky park accreditation was prepared by a volunteer group, the Gibbston Community Association. The lead author for the application was Brian Boyle, an astrophysicist who moved to the Queenstown-Lakes District at the end of 2019. The application reports that night sky luminance in the park is 21.75 mag/arcsec$^2$ (corresponding to Bortle scale 2 and on the threshold of Bortle scale 1).
The Gibbston Community Association is a registered charity in New Zealand. The association advocates for the protection of the dark sky, promotes good lighting practices and is introducing a voluntary certification code for lighting of homes and businesses. The association hopes to work with nearby communities at Lowburn, Bannockburn and Cardrona to expand the dark sky preserve to include the Remarkables and Pisa conservation areas.
# American University in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The American University in Bosnia and Herzegovina (abbr. AUBiH) was a private university located in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In 2021, the State Investigation and Protection Agency raided the university, the founder and owner Denis Prcić was arrested on charges of providing diplomas illegally. AUBIH is currently not conducting education and their website is not active.

## Staff

The lecturing staff were mainly domestic teachers with many guest lecturers and American staff.
As part of the now-defunct partnership agreement with State University of New York at Canton (SUNY), some students from AUBIH received double diplomas (both from the US and Bosnia & Herzegovina) and attended one semester in USA. Through this partnership, some students had opportunities for work placement with leading US companies such as Xerox, Microsoft, Johnson & Johnson and Kodak.
The President and founder of American University in Bosnia and Herzegovina was Denis Prcić, an entrepreneur from Tuzla who lived in Rochester, New York in the 1990s.

## Academics

In 2007, the university opened a postgraduate department in Sarajevo, offering a fast-track master's degree in business administration (MBA). In 2009, it opened an undergraduate department in Banja Luka. In 2011, the AUBIH opened an undergraduate department in Mostar.
The University was organized around the following colleges:
* Faculty of Economics
* Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology
* Faculty of Public Affairs
* Academy of Modern Arts
The university offered degrees in law, economics, international relations, cyber security and engineering

## Partnerships

West Virginia University Partnership
On 21 June 2012, West Virginia University made a partnership with American University in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It's one of over 100 universities with which WVU has a global partnership.
New International Partnerships
American University in Bosnia and Herzegovina in September 2015 expanded its international partnership with universities in Turkey, Canada and the United States of America. The international partnership list was amended with the following universities: Western Kentucky University, Saint Louis University, Fontbonne University; Saint Paul University from Canada; Northwest Normal University form China and Doğuş University from Turkey. The purpose of cooperation between AUBIH and mentioned universities are student and faculty exchange, research cooperation, joint academic publications, and cooperation on joint academic projects.
# WRMA

WRMA (95.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Cubatón format. Licensed to North Miami Beach, Florida, United States, the station serves the Miami metropolitan area. The station is owned by Spanish Broadcasting System subsidiary WXDJ Licensing, Inc.

## History

The station was assigned the call letters WRFM on July 8, 1986. On May 12, 1987, the station changed its call sign to WXDJ, and on January 7, 2014, to the current WRMA. The station's original format was new age jazz and it was called both The Wave and The Breeze. On August 15, 2016, WRMA changed formats to Cuban reggaetón or Cubatón, rebranded as "Ritmo 95.7".
# Andamooka Opal

The Andamooka Opal is a famous opal which was presented to Queen Elizabeth II in 1954 on the occasion of her first visit to South Australia. The opal was mined in Andamooka in 1949. The opal was cut and polished by John Altmann to a weight of 203 carats (40.6 g). It displays a magnificent array of reds, blues, and greens and was set with diamonds into an 18 karat (75%) palladium necklet.
# William Young (Nova Scotia politician)

Sir William Young, KCB (8 September 1799 – 8 May 1887) was a Nova Scotia politician and jurist.
Born in Falkirk, the son of John Young and Agnes Renny, Young was first elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1836 as a Reformer (or Liberal) and, as a lawyer, defended Reform journalists accused of libel. When responsible government was instituted in 1848, Young hoped to become the first Premier but was passed over in favour of fellow reformer James Boyle Uniacke and Young became Speaker. However, Young succeeded Uniacke in 1854.
His government was accused of overlooking Catholics and tensions with Catholics were exacerbated by Joseph Howe's rupture with Nova Scotia's Irish Catholic community over his recruitment of Americans to fight on the British side in the Crimean War.
In February 1857, ten Catholic and two Protestant Liberals voted with the Tories to bring down Young's government.
Young returned to power in January 1860 when the Tory government was unable to command a majority in the legislature after an election. In July, the colony's Chief Justice died and Young, who had long coveted the job, was appointed to the position by the lieutenant governor. He was noted for placing cushions on his chair so he would tower above his fellow justices. Young served as Chief Justice for twenty-one years and resigned in 1881.

## Death

Sir William Young died in Halifax on May 8, 1887.

## Legacy

* Young Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia is named after Sir William Young
* In 1887 (the same year that the Bandstand was built), the estate of chief justice Sir William Young, donated three statues and six urns from his own garden, to Halifax Public Gardens.
* Nova Scotian artist William Valentine painted Young's portrait.
* The Private and Local Acts of Nova-Scotia By Nova Scotia, Sir William Young
# Siege of Toruń (1658)

The siege of Toruń was one of the battles during the Swedish invasion of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Second Northern War / Deluge). It started on 2 July 1658 and ended on 30 December 1658. Swedish garrison capitulated and Toruń returned to Polish hands.

## Siege and Activities in Prussia

In mid- September 1657, after the Siege of Krakow (1657), the Holy Roman Empire army of 15,000, allied to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, marched northwards. In late September, the Austrians concentrated near Plock. Polish King Jan Kazimierz wanted to use them to capture the fortified city of Toruń, but Austrian preparations for the siege were very slow and not completed before winter. Due to weather conditions, all military activities were postponed until spring 1658, and the Austrians spent the winter in Greater Poland.
Polish plans for 1658 were concentrated on gradual recapture of the province of Royal Prussia. First objective was Toruń, a strategically located Vistula river port, with modern fortifications. Due to Dano-Swedish War, most Austrians, under Field Marshal Raimondo Montecuccoli, left Poland and marched to Jutland.
On July 2, 1658, Austrian division of 4,000, under General Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches began the siege of Toruń. The Austrians were reinforced by Polish infantry, while the city was defended by a Swedish garrison of 2,400, commanded by General Barthold Hartwig von Bulow. Swedes were supported by German-speaking, Protestant residents of Toruń.
In the first weeks, Austrian and Polish commandants limited their activities to blocking the city. On July 26, artillery barrage initiated an assault, which resulted in capture of several Swedish strongpoints. On August 1, Krzysztof Grodzicki arrived with 3,000 infantry. Soon afterwards, Jan Fryderyk Sapieha brought 1,000 soldiers, also the division of Stefan Czarniecki (4,000 cavalry) joined the Polish - Austrian forces. Furthermore, Brandenburg-Prussia division under Boguslaw Radziwill, which had switched alliances, cooperated with Poles. The division of Czarniecki remained near Toruń until early September, when it left Poland, marching towards Denmark. On October 12, Czarniecki and his soldiers reached Hamburg.
In September 1658, Polish-Austrian forces were reinforced with a division of Jerzy Lubomirski, and on September 23, Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga arrived to Torun, together with her court. By that time, the Polish army stationed near the city had almost 19,000 soldiers, while Austrian forces numbered 4,600, with 40 cannons. Main assault took place in the night of November 16/17, when Polish-Austrian soldiers captured three bastions, losing 1,000 men. The Swedish garrison finally capitulated on December 30. During the siege, the Swedes lost 1,200 men, while Poles and Austrians lost 1,800 soldiers, including 1,500 Poles.