OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scroggs The Last Laugh

The Last Laugh was a prototype tailless dart-shaped aircraft built in 1929 by Roy Scroggs in the US. Designed as a lifting body, it was based on an earlier 1917 delta-winged patent.
It underwent flight testing but the design was not developed further.

## Origin

Roy Scroggs was a tailor living in Eugene, Oregon, US. He sought to develop an airplane that would bring safety, economy and STOL performance to everyday flying, and patented his first low-aspect-ratio delta design in 1917.
His unconventional ideas were rejected by aeronautical experts and he received much ridicule for his persistence. When he finally built a full-size machine in 1929, his chosen name, The Last Laugh, reflected his faith in his invention. The Handley Page HP.115 of 1961, designed to test the Concorde wing plan at low speeds, had a very similar Delta leading edge angle of swept.

## Design

Shaped like a long, narrow delta with the nose cut off, the aircraft was conceived as a lifting body, having a deep trapezoidal kite-section fuselage which tapered in proportion to the high-mounted, low aspect ratio wing. The fuselage thus formed a deep keel which provided both lift and directional stability. The original delta-winged design of 1917 proved impractical and the nose had to be drastically cut back to provide adequate mounting for an engine and propeller.
The structure was primarily of welded metal tubing with fabric covering. Twin main undercarriage wheels were located on struts immediately behind the engine, lifting the forward fuselage well clear of the ground. With the wings level the rear fuselage almost reached the ground and was fitted with a small tailskid.
The aircraft was powered by a 90 hp Curtiss OX-5 engine driving a two-bladed propeller.
The enclosed cockpit was located well aft in the wider part of the fuselage and initially had only two small side windows for vision. These were much increased in size before flight testing began. Aft of it the fuselage tapered more sharply to an angular tail with no separate fin.
A split rudder was fitted for lateral control, with each half attached to the fuselage at its widest and deepest point. Elevon control surfaces were also fitted on the wing trailing edge.
Modifications during flight testing included the addition of twin rudder surfaces, mounted aft of the fuselage on short struts.

## Career

The Last Laugh was registered in the US as NC10648.
It is claimed to have risen to about 10 ft (3 m) in flight.
Following initial flight tests he filed for a new patent on its design in July 1930.
The machine was damaged during attempted flight trials at Eugene Municipal Airport when it missed the taxiway and tipped over.
Its registration was cancelled in 1934.

## Specifications

Data from Eugene Guard 1929, unless otherwise stated.
General characteristics
* Length: 26 ft (7.9 m)
* Wingspan: 18 ft (5.5 m)
* Wing area: 350 sq ft (33 m$^2$)
* Gross weight: 1,200 lb (544 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Curtiss OX-5 liquid-cooled V-8, 90 hp (67 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed, 10 ft (3.0 m) diameter (estimated)
Performance
* Wing loading: 3.5 lb/sq ft (17 kg/m$^2$)
# Merle Whitman Tourist Cabin

The Merle Whitman Tourist Cabin is a historic traveler's accommodation at 200 North Bell Street in Ozark, Arkansas. It is a distinctively styled vernacular structure, built out of local fieldstone, cut sandstone, and concrete. Built in 1933–34, it is the only known tourist building in Franklin County using this combination of materials. It was used as tourist accommodation until the 1960s, when it was purchased by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as part of land taking for the Jeta Taylor Lock and Dam project. It housed the offices of the local chamber of commerce between 1966 and 1995.
The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Camille Arambourg

Camille Arambourg (February 3, 1885 – November 19, 1969) was a French vertebrate paleontologist. He conducted extensive field work in North Africa. In the 1950s, he argued against the prevailing model of Neanderthals as brutish and simian.
During World War 1, he was in Military service. After that he was a professor of Geology at the Institut Agricole d'Alger, and after that a professor of Paleontology at Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, where he succeeded his teacher Marcellin Boule. The pterosaur Arambourgiania is named after him. He was President of the PanAfrican Archaeological Association from 1959 to 1963.

## Publications

* (1942) "L’ Elephas recki Dietrich. Exposition systématique et ses affinités". Bull. Soc. géol. France sér. 5, 12: 73-87.
* (1947) Mission scientifique de l’Omo (1932-1933). Géologie et Anthropologie. Mus. Natl.
* (1948) "Observations sur le Quaternaire de la région du Hoggar", Travaux de l'Institut de Recherches Sahariennes, t. V, pp. 7–18.
* (1955) "L'ancien lac de Tihodaïne et ses gisements préhistoriques - I. Historique et stratigraphie", Actes du IIème Congrès Panafricain de Préhistoire d'Alger (1952), pp. 281–292.
* (1957) "Récentes découvertes de paléontologie humaine réalisées en Afrique du Nord française (L'Atlanthropus de Ternifine - L'Hominien de Casablanca)", Third Panafrican Congress on Prehistory, Livingstone 1955, Clark, J.D. & Cole, S., Eds., London, Chatto & Windus, pp. 186–194.
* (1958) "Les artisans des industries acheuléennes", Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique de l'Ariège (Préhistoire Spéléologie Ariégeoises), t. XIII, pp. 43–47.
* (1962) "État actuel des recherches sur le Quaternaire de l'Afrique du Nord", Actes du IVème Congrès Panafricain de Préhistoire et de l'Etude du Quaternaire, Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale - Tervuren (Belgique) - Annales, série in 8° - Sciences humaines, n° 40, pp. 255–277.
* (with P. Biberson) (1956) "The fossil human remains from the Paleolithic site of Sidi Abderrahman (Morocco)", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, v. 14 n.s., n° 3, pp. 467–490.

## Tribute

The fish Enteromius arambourgi is named in his honor.
# Pedro Pelaez

Pedro Peláez y Sebastián (June 29, 1812 – June 3, 1863) was a Filipino Catholic priest who favored the rights for Filipino clergy during the 19th century. He was diocesan administrator of the Archdiocese of Manila for a brief period of time. In the early 19th century, Pelaez advocated for the secularization of Filipino priests and is considered the "Godfather of the Philippine Revolution." His cause towards beatification has been initiated; he is designated with the title "Servant of God."

## Life

Pelaez was born on June 29, 1812, to Jose Pelaez, the Spanish alcalde (mayor) of Laguna and his wife Josefa Sebastian, a Filipino from Manila. When both of his parents died in 1823, he was taken in by the Dominican friars in Manila. They sent him to study at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he completed a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas to finish his studies for the priesthood. Pelaez studied under Francisco Ayala.
Pelaez was ordained in 1837. Although Pelaez decided to become a secular priest, he maintained close ties with the Dominicans his whole life. He served at the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. A gifted theologian, he became Diocesan administrator of the Manila Archdiocese.
From 1836 to 1839, he taught philosophy at the Colegio de San Jose and later taught various subjects at the University of Santo Tomas from 1843 to 1861.

## Defense of local clergy

In the mid-19th century, the Philippines was still a Spanish colony. Travel to the Philippines from Spain became easier due to the Suez Canal. An increase of Peninsulares from the Iberian Peninsula threatened the secularization of the Philippine churches. In state affairs, the Criollos, known locally as Insulares (lit. "islanders") were displaced from government positions by the Peninsulares, whom the Insulares regarded as foreigners.
In 1849, a royal decree removed a few parishes from the secular clergy, which was mainly Filipinos, and gave those parishes to the Recollects and Dominicans. According to Peláez, the parishes had been successfully managed for the past eighty years and the parishioners were happy. Along with Father Mariano Gomez, Pelaez started organizing activities calling for the return of control of Philippine parishes to Filipino seculars. This can be seen as the first signs of nationalist awakening.
Seeking to have the royal decree cancelled or changed, Peláez published anonymously a long formal protest titled "El Clero Filipino" (The Filipino Clergy) in a Spanish newspaper, El Clamor Público, in 1850. The seculars lost further parishes when the Jesuits returned to the Philippines in 1861. Together with Francisco Gaínza, Peláez founded El Católico Filipino, the first Catholic newspaper in the Philippines. With his knowledge of canon law, Peláez wrote against this policy; nor did he hesitate to criticize the clergy both secular and regular priests, Spanish or Filipinos when appropriate.
Pelaez died in the collapse of the Manila Cathedral during the 1863 earthquake in Manila.

## In popular culture

* Portrayed by Piolo Pascual in the 2023 film, GomBurZa.
# Latham Confederate Monument

The Latham Confederate Monument in Hopkinsville, Kentucky's Riverside Cemetery, is a monument on the National Register of Historic Places.
A native of Hopkinsville then living in New York City, John C. Latham, desired that deceased veterans on both sides in Hopkinsville be buried together. Latham was a millionaire in the cotton business, who fought for the Confederate States of America during the conflict. However, most of the Union veterans had already been buried at the Fort Donelson National Cemetery, so instead the mass burial would involve only Confederate veterans, 101 in total, that were scattered at various burial locations. Latham gave $14,000 to the city of Hopkinsville for the project. The dedication of the monument and the accompanying graves was on May 19, 1887, with a book, The Story of a Monument, was published by Dennison & Brown in 1888 with notes about the monument and its dedication. Latham would also donate $50,000 for the construction of turnpikes.
Latham had Hallowell Granite Works, a company based in Bangor, Maine, build the monument. The monument is made of granite and is 37 feet tall. The monument has several decorations: 18-inch-diameter (460 mm) cannonballs, Laurel wreaths, bronze cannons, and two swords.
On July 17, 1997, the Latham Confederate Monument was one of sixty different monuments related to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission. The Confederate Memorial Fountain in Hopkinsville is also in Hopkinsville; it is located by the Christian County Courthouse in downtown Hopkinsville.
# 2010 Oaxaca earthquake

The 2010 Oaxaca earthquake struck Oaxaca, Mexico on June 30, 2010, with an M$_w$ magnitude of 6.3. Many people in different cities left their beds and ran into the street, as the quake struck at 2:22 am.

## Impact

Helicopters and police vehicles were sent to inspect possible damage in Mexico City, primarily in downtown and central areas, where some buildings were evacuated. Many boroughs reported power outages as a result of the earthquake, namely Azcapotzalco, Iztapalapa, and Benito Juárez. Additionally, damages to structures and infrastructure were reported throughout the city. One person died in San Andrés Huaxpaltepec, Oaxaca. Many of the houses were damaged and slanted due to the earthquake. The buildings that suffered the most were those that were more than 1 story houses or buildings. The reason for that is because a lot of them came down affecting things around it.

## Tectonic setting

Tectonic plates are large shaped pieces of the Earth's crust. With this said, the tectonic setting of Oaxaca, Mexico is located in a region where the Cocos and North America plates converge. It is close to the Tehuantepec zone. Earthquakes tend to occur as a shallow dipping fault plane typical in subduction regions. As for the geology of Oaxaca, Mexico rocks are large and often referred to granodiorite.

## Aftermath

A little after the earthquake, there was DF police from la Cuidad de Mexico in certain areas. In several areas the power was out due to the earthquake. Police would do what they could when arrived to the effected areas mentioned above. There was about 5 police helicopters that arrived from la Ciudad de Mexico and helped who they could in the streets. Overall, the press did not address that there were many people affected by this earthquake.

## Aftershocks

There was 2 aftershocks reported after this June 30 earthquake. The earthquake was on a Wednesday. Monday and Tuesday another 2 earthquakes occurred. They were each 3.9 magnitude in the state on Oaxaca.
# Darren Jordon

Darren Jordon (born 23 November 1960 in London, England) is a British journalist working for the Al-Jazeera 24-hour English-language news and current affairs channel, Al Jazeera English. He is also a former officer of the Jamaica Defence Force.

## Early life

Born in London to Jamaican parents, Jordon was brought up in the West Indies.
Jordon was trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, in the United Kingdom, and became a professional army officer. He spent eight years in the Jamaica Regiment, and was part of the 1983 American-led force in the invasion of Grenada. He retired from the army as a captain.
Jordon became an accomplished military and sports parachutist, setting a new record in 1983 for parachuting onto Jamaica's highest mountain. Following his retirement from the army, he worked briefly as a parachute stunt double, appearing in the film Club Paradise.
Upon leaving the army, Jordon sold TV advertising, and was a group sales manager for Yorkshire Television, London Weekend Television, Granada Television with soap expert and TV critic Chris Stacey and M-Net in South Africa.

## Broadcasting career

Jordon started his media career as a sports broadcaster in South Africa.
He joined the BBC in 1998 as a BBC Sport correspondent on BBC News 24, where he later presented the Sportsday programme. He became a regular newsreader on the channel in 1999, before moving to present the relaunched breakfast news programme Breakfast in 2000, working with co-presenters Sophie Raworth, Jeremy Bowen and Sarah Montague. He also later became deputy presenter of the BBC One O'Clock News and presented all types of bulletins on BBC One.
Jordon left the BBC to join Al Jazeera at the end of October 2006, his departure having been announced on 5 October. In the announcement by Al Jazeera of his appointment, he was reported as saying "I think the world will benefit from a news channel like Al Jazeera English which will become the much needed channel of reference for Middle Eastern events with unique access to the region. We will set the news agenda rather than following others." He has become a regular newsreader based in Doha in Qatar.
# Borowskie Michały

Borowskie Michały is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Turośń Kościelna, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Turośń Kościelna and 18 km (11 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Prakash Koliwad

Prakash Koliwad (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is an MLA from Ranebennur Assembly constituency which is in Haveri district. He won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Koliwad is from Ranebennur, Haveri district. His father Krishnappa Koliwad was 21st speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly. He completed his bachelor's degree in Engineering at Malnad Technical College, Hassan in 1991.

## Career

Koliwad won from Ranebennur Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 71,830 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Arunkumar Guththur of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 9,800 votes.
# Lathrop Russell Charter House

The Lathrop Russell Charter House is a historic home located at West Union, Doddridge County, West Virginia, U.S.A. It was built in 1877, and is a two-story, T-shaped frame dwelling, with a low-pitched hipped roof with bracketed eaves. It features tall crowned windows and a two-story side porch. Also on the property is a contributing guest house.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## Description

The L.R. Charter House, located at the end of High Street in West Union, is an intact and representative example of the Italianate style. The two-story house, constructed in 1877, remains substantially unaltered from its original appearance when the Charter family occupied the house. The building's most significant characteristics are its size; tall, crowned windows; low-pitched, hipped roof with broad, bracketed eaves; and two-story side porch. The Charter house has undergone few alterations and it retains the characteristics that are most illustrative of the Italianate style.
The house sits on a coursed, rough stone foundation and under its original metal roof. It has a T-shaped plan and an intersecting hipped roof. The front main block of the house is a symmetrical two-story box with three bays across both levels of the front and one bay of paired windows on the side. The main entrance faces south towards High Street. The panelled double doors are located in the center of the facade. The doors stand behind the original wooden storm doors in a segmental-arched frame. )4 molded, wooden crown tops the opening. The house's porch was recently removed because of its rotted condition but photographs taken during the 1970s reveal a typical Italianate porch located in front of the center bay. Arched openings, broad fluted supports, and a bracketed cornice adorned the porch. The porch supported a balcony above with a closed railing and finials on its corners. Tall, paired windows stand directly over the entrance and open onto the balcony. These windows and all other windows on the main block of the house stand in segmental arched openings and display decorative metal crowns over the top.
Other decorative features that embellish the house are the brick quoins that define each corner, the corbelled brick string course under the roofline, and the paired center chimneys. Another characteristic typical of Italianate houses is the bracketed roofline. The brackets across the eaves are small, simple, and decorative. On the corners of the house and over the brick pilasters flanking the entrance bay are larger, more elaborate scroll brackets that are only decorative but appear to be holding the broad eaves. The low-pitched hipped roof with its overhanging eaves and pronounced brackets, recalls the style's Italian Renaissance roots from which it is derived. The building's three-story rear wing was probably constructed at the same time or shortly after the front section. It was built more simply than the front section but still displays the same Italianate detail. The lindows and doors stand in segmental arched openings and have exterior shutters.
# John Fleming (judge)

John Fleming (November 1697–1766) was a judge in Cumberland County, Virginia who served in the Virginia House of Burgesses for more than a decade, working with John Robinson and Peyton Randolph.

## Family Background and Personal Life

Fleming was born in November 1697 in Henrico County, Virginia, to Charles Fleming and Susanna Tarleton. He married Mary Bolling on January 20, 1727, in Chesterfield, Virginia. They had several children, including sons John, Thomas, William, Richard, and Charles, and daughters Mary and Caroline.

## Judicial and Legislative Roles

In 1764, he worked alongside Patrick Henry, George Johnston, and Robert Munford to draft the Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions, a significant precursor to American revolutionary sentiment.

## Involvement in the John Chiswell Scandal

Fleming played a judicial role in the John Chiswell scandal, where he ordered Chiswell's imprisonment following a controversial homicide.

## Legacy

His legacy continued through his son, William Fleming, who later succeeded him as Cumberland County's representative in the House of Burgesses.
# Château de Suresnes

The Château de Suresnes was a French château in Suresnes, a commune in the western inner suburbs of Paris, France. Located in Hauts-de-Seine, 9.3 km (5.8 mi) from the centre of Paris.

## History

In 1826 Salomon von Rothschild (the founder of the Austrian branch of the Rothschild family) purchased the Suresnes château and estate along the banks of the Seine (across from his daughter, Betty's Château de Boulogne, today known as Château Rothschild). Sold as state property during the Revolution, it had been acquired by the Count de Lagarde who built a château there in the 19th century. On the estate, Rothschild built a farm and cultivated crops. Between 1832 and 1841, Swiss architect Joseph-Antoine Froelicher (the official architect to the duchess of Berry) built a number of conservatories which Rothschild used to grow exotic plants and fruits. Salomon was a shareholder of the de Rothschild Frères bank when it was opened in Paris by his brother James Mayer de Rothschild (considered founder of the French branch of the family).
During the French Revolution of 1848, the estate was plundered, "led by the local poultry butcher, smashing furniture and gilt mirrors while slashing paintings and stealing what they could carry, before then burning it to the ground." The royal Château de Neuilly was also sacked at the same time. Upon Salomon's death in Paris in 1855, the estate was inherited by his brother James, who reportedly considered restoring it, but instead, had the house was taken down and the land sold off in 94 parcels. James' son, Salomon James de Rothschild, retained land in Île de Puteaux nearby, and built a model farm.

## Gallery

* Postcard of the orangery at Suresnes, between 1900 and 1910
* Postcard of the Château de Suresnes, 1910
* Medal engraved from 1848