OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Creamola Foam

Creamola Foam was a soft drink produced in the form of effervescent crystals that were mixed with water. It was manufactured in Glasgow and sold in the UK from the 1950s, until Nestlé ended production in October 1998.
In 2005, Allan McCandlish of Cardross started producing a re-creation of Creamola Foam under the name ‘Kramola Fizz’.
In April 2019, his daughter Agnes and son Andrew of McCandlish Farmhouse Confectionery relaunched the product under its original name of Creamola Foam (registered trademark) and is now available on the shelves again in Scotland as well as worldwide.

## Details

Creamola Foam came in the form of coloured crystals which were dissolved in cold water to form a sweet, fizzy drink. It was packaged in a small tin labelled with a cartoon girl and boy drinking with straws.
The drink originally came in raspberry, orange, and lemon flavours, and cola was later added.
The product was originally owned by Rowntrees before coming under the banner of Nestle UK until being sold off to Premier Foods.
The relaunched Creamola Foam drink comes in 17 flavours, including the original flavours which are Raspberry, Orange, Lemon, and Cola flavours.

## Early form

The original packaging consisted of a small tin with a tight metal lid, normally pried off with a teaspoon. A paper seal covered the foam crystals.
The packaging included the phrases:
* "CREAMOLA FOAM CRYSTALS"
* "MAKES 10 BIG DRINKS"
* "FULLY SWEETENED"
The original ingredient list read:
* Sugar
* Fruit acids
* Sodium bicarbonate
* Gum acacia, a thickener/stabiliser
* Saccharin
* Saponin, a foaming agent
* flavouring
* colour

## Later revision

The revision introduced in the 1980s featured a plastic lid and modernised branding. The label reads, "Creamola FOAM". The ingredients were:
* Sugar
* Citric acid
* Sodium bicarbonate
* Tartaric acid
* Flavouring
* Saccharin, sweetener
* Gum acacia, stabiliser
* Extract of quillaia, a foaming agent
* Carmine, food coloring agent (in this example, raspberry flavor)
The effervescence, when the powder dissolves as it is stirred into water, is due to the reaction of the citric and tartaric acids with sodium bicarbonate, forming carbon dioxide gas. These weak organic "fruit" acids also provide a sharp taste. The addition of stabiliser and saponaceous foaming agents extends the life of the bubbles. The artificial colouring and flavouring, plus the fruit acids, give the impression of a fruity base, although the recipe is essentially synthetic.
# Kai Tak Nullah

The Kai Tak Nullah (Chinese: 啟德明渠, also known as the Kaitak River or Kai Tak River (啟德河)) is a nullah or watercourse that collects water from the rivers and streams flowing from the hills in northern New Kowloon. It empties into a narrow channel leading into the Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter. Part of the nullah is covered by roads and other facilities.
The Kai Tak Nullah is about 2.4 km (1.5 mi) in length. It flows from Po Kong Village Road along Choi Hung Road, pass Tung Tau Estate and San Po Kong, into Kai Tak Development Area before discharging into the Victoria Harbour at the Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter. It has an upstream and a midstream. The nullah is one of the major flood relief drainage channels in the East Kowloon area. The improvement work of Kai Tak Nullah has been overseen by the Civil Engineering and Development Department since March 2012, aiming to turn the nullah into an attractive green river corridor. It was anticipated to be fully completed before 2021.

## History

Originally, the location of Kai Tak Nullah was a bay. During Japanese occupation, Kai Tak Airport was expanded through land reclamation. The extension of Fung Wong Kai Stream was named Lung Tsun River (龍津河). Lung Tsun River's original estuary is at the north of To Kwa Wan Road. After the airport expansion work, however, reclamation for the runway blocked the estuary, and the river was redirected to follow today's route.
During New Territories' new town development in the 1970s, the river become a nullah for Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works, Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works and illegal discharge pollutants. This resulted in pollutants and heavy pollutants being in the water, which resulted in the waterway giving off a putrid smell. After treatment work by the Drainage Services Department in 2000, Kai Tak Nullah has seen significant improvement. Herons are occasionally now seen along the nullah.
* Kai Tak Nullah was a bay, close to Lung Tsun Stone Bridge (1915)
* Map of Kowloon in 1915. The Kai Tak Nullah is next to Kowloon Walled City (or Chinese Town in this map) and Lung Tsun Stone Bridge.
* Kai Tak Nullah in 1960
* Water flow from Nullah to Kai Tak Airport in 2007
* Meeting point of Fung Wong Kai Stream and Kai Tak Nullah (2008)

## Proposal of covering nullahs

In January 2005, the Drainage Services Department announced plans for nullah-covering works for 16 nullahs, at the cost of 1.2 billion Hong Kong dollars. These included a plan to cover up part of the Kai Tak Nullah along Choi Hung Road, starting in 2010 and finishing by 2014. The Traffic and Transport Committee of Wong Tai Sin District Council demanded a faster timetable, in order to launch the greening work and widen Choi Hung Road.
As the water quality improved, at the urging of the pro-Beijing political party Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress, the Federation of Trade Unions, and environment concern group Conservancy Association, the Civil Engineering and Development Department launched a feasibility study on turning the nullah into Kai Tak River. They aim to turn it into a new river like the Cheonggyecheon in South Korea.
# Bialosky Bear

Bialosky was a line of teddy bear toys and related children's products popular in the USA during the 1970s and 80s.
The stuffed animals were manufactured by Gund. The bears were created by Alan and Peggy Bialosky. They sold the first bear at a charity flea market in Cleveland, Ohio. In addition to the stuffed animals, Bialosky products included a children's book series.

## Partial list of Bialosky titles

* A Camping Trip (1986)
* Bialosky and the Big Parade Mystery (1986)
* Bialosky's Special Picnic (1985)
* Bialosky's Best Behavior
* My First Cookbook: A Bialosky & Friends Book
* Bialosky's Christmas (1984)
* My First Computer Book: A Bialosky & Friends Book (1991)
# Augustus FitzRoy, 7th Duke of Grafton

Augustus Charles Lennox FitzRoy, 7th Duke of Grafton (22 June 1821 – 4 December 1918), styled Lord Augustus FitzRoy before 1882, was a British Army officer. He was the second son of Henry FitzRoy, 5th Duke of Grafton, and his wife Mary Caroline Cranfield Berkeley, daughter of Admiral the Hon. Sir George Cranfield Berkeley.
He joined the army in 1837 and was wounded in the Crimean War.
On 9 June 1847, he married Anna Balfour (15 June 1825 – 23 December 1857), daughter of James Balfour MP. Together, they had four children:
* Lady Eleanor FitzRoy (1853–1905), married Walter Harbord, son of Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield, and had issue.
* Henry James FitzRoy, Earl of Euston (1848–1912), married Kate Walsh; no issue.
* Alfred FitzRoy, 8th Duke of Grafton (1850–1930)
* Lord Charles Edward FitzRoy (1857–1911), married his distant cousin Ismay FitzRoy, daughter of the 3rd Baron Southampton, and had issue (Charles FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton).
He died in 1918, aged 97, at Wakefield Lodge near Potterspury, Northamptonshire.
# Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
A suicide bombing was carried out on 29 March 2002 by 17-year-old Ayat al-Akhras, who blew herself up at the entrance of the main supermarket in the Jerusalem neighborhood of Kiryat HaYovel, killing three people including a 17 year old girl and injuring 28, two seriously. Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.

## The attack

On 29 March 2002, during the afternoon, Ayat al-Akhras, an 17-year-old Palestinian girl, approached the Shufersal supermarket of Kiryat Yovel. The supermarket at the time was full of customers shopping for the weekend.
Haim Smadar, the 55-year-old security guard who guarded the entrance to the supermarket and spoke Arabic, became suspicious after two Arab women who usually sold vegetables outside the shop entrance had been warned by Akhras to leave. Akhras detonated the explosives at the entrance to the store while struggling with Smadar, killing him and Rachel Levy, a 17-year-old Israeli girl. In addition, about 30 people were injured in the attack. Smadar managed to forcefully keep her away from the crowd, thus preventing a larger loss of life had the attack taken place inside the store.
After the attack, it was discovered that the suicide bomber was also carrying an unexploded mortar bomb.
When news of the bombing reached Dheisheh, some of the residents celebrated, handing out candies and firing guns in the air.

## The perpetrator

Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack and identified the suicide bomber as 18-year-old Ayat al-Akhras from the Deheishe Refugee Camp near Bethlehem.

## Official reactions

US president George W. Bush condemned the attack, stating: "When an 18-year-old Palestinian girl is induced to blow herself up, and in the process kills a 17-year-old Israeli girl, the future itself is dying, the future of the Palestinian people and the future of the Israeli people." He also called on Yasser Arafat to convey a clear message to terrorists that blowing themselves up did not help the cause of the Palestinians.

## Aftermath

After the bombing, Ayat became an icon in Bethlehem and was hailed as a martyr and role model at Al Quds University. She was praised by American university professor Julio Pino.
Then Saudi Ambassador to the UK, Dr Ghazi Abdul Rahman Al Gosaibi, a leading politician in Saudi Arabia, wrote a poem in praise of al-Akhras in 2002.
# St. Louis light

The St. Louis Light, St. Louis Ghost Light, or St. Louis Ghost Train is a supposed paranormal phenomenon seen near St. Louis, Saskatchewan, Canada. It has been described by witnesses as a huge beam of white light, reminiscent of a locomotive headlamp.
The phenomenon has been featured on the television series Unsolved Mysteries and entails a strange light moving up and down along an old abandoned rail line at night, changing colours and varying in brightness. The line, located south of Prince Albert and north of St. Louis, has had its tracks removed, but the phenomenon still occurs on a regular basis.
Several stories attempt to explain the lights, including that it is a ghost train, or the ghost of a drunk brakeman who lost his head to a passing train and now wanders up and down the tracks with a lantern attempting to find it. In 2014 Canada Post issued a stamp depicting the St. Louis ghost train, one of a series of five depicting Canadian ghost tales.
Two grade 12 students from La Ronge, Saskatchewan won science fair gold medals for investigating and eventually duplicating the phenomenon, which they determined to be caused by the diffraction of distant vehicle lights. However, local residents claim that the light had been reported before the advent of cars.
# Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix)

"Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix)", also shortened to "I'm Sorry", is a 2012 song created for the satirical website The Poke by music producer Alex Ross. The song is a remixed version of a video of Nick Clegg (then Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom) apologising for voting in favour of raising tuition fees. The song reached number 143 in the UK singles chart.

## Background

In the 2010 general election, the Liberal Democrats stood on a platform of voting against any increase in university tuition fees and Clegg signed the National Union of Students' Vote for Students pledge against any increase. The result of the election meant that the Liberal Democrats were the third-largest party in the House of Commons and formed a coalition government with the Conservative Party. Following the Browne Review, there was a vote in Parliament to raise tuition fees to £9,000. It passed with a majority of 21; several Liberal Democrat MPs, including Clegg, voted in favour of it because of the principle of Cabinet collective responsibility.

## History

On 17 September 2012, Clegg issued a video apologising for voting in favour of raising tuition fees. On Thursday 20 September, the video of Clegg's apology was remixed and set to Auto-Tune music composed by Alex Ross. The chorus of the song consists of Clegg singing "I'm sorry". The video containing the song was published on YouTube by The Poke's official channel. The song became popular and The Poke announced plans to release the song as a single on iTunes and asked the Liberal Democrats for permission to do so. Clegg granted permission for the song to be released on the condition that the profits went to the Children's Hospital Charity in Sheffield. The single went on sale the day afterwards. Clegg was reported to have found the video personally amusing and remarked it was "very catchy". Clegg's wife, Miriam, described the song as "genius" and "very good".

## Charts

The song charted at number 143 in the UK Singles Chart. It was noted that the song would likely have charted higher had it been released earlier in the week instead of on the Friday when the charts were officially published on Sunday.
# Universal Audio Architecture

Universal Audio Architecture (UAA) is an initiative unveiled in 2002 by Microsoft to standardize the hardware and class driver architecture for audio devices in modern Microsoft Windows operating systems. Three classes of audio devices are supported by default: USB, IEEE 1394 (FireWire), and Intel High Definition Audio, which supports PCI and PCI Express.
Starting with Windows Vista, Microsoft requires all computer and audio device manufacturers to support Universal Audio Architecture in order to pass Windows Logo certification.

## Overview

The goal of the Universal Audio Architecture is to solve a very common problem in older Microsoft Windows products, that of inconsistent support for audio. Due to the lack of a common system by which audio devices could describe their capabilities to the operating system, not to mention a lack of ability to control those capabilities, audio device manufacturers (such as Creative Labs, Realtek, Turtle Beach and others) have had to provide a series of control panels and custom interfaces to let a user control the device. This, in turn, requires kernel-mode drivers so that the user's actions can be communicated to the hardware itself. Poorly written audio drivers have been a common source of system instability in Windows, especially with games that make use of extended audio card capabilities. These concerns prompted Microsoft to disable the audio stack entirely by default in Windows Server 2003.
UAA seeks to resolve problems by putting forth a standardized interface which audio devices can follow, ensuring that the device's capabilities will be recognized and used effectively by Windows, without the need for additional drivers or custom control panels. It also provides a reasonable assurance that an audio device will still be able to work many years down the road, without requiring vendor-supplied drivers for a newer version of Windows.
Another goal of UAA is to provide better support for multi-channel audio in Windows so that, for example, multi-channel WMA Pro audio streams can be played without special driver support.
UAA is intended to be a complete replacement for developing WDM Audio Drivers; however, in some cases it may be necessary for an otherwise UAA-compliant audio device to expose capabilities that cannot be done through UAA. Windows will continue to fully support audio drivers that use the PortCls and AVStream drivers.

## History

In 2004, Microsoft provided the first version of UAA as an update to Windows 2000 Service Pack 4, Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003, but is only available by contacting Microsoft support directly. However, almost all manufacturer supplied drivers contain the UAA class driver. Windows XP Service Pack 3 also includes the updated driver, as well as Windows XP Professional x64 Edition with Service Pack 1 and 2.
In Windows Vista, the Windows Logo program requirements state that any machine shipped with Vista must include a UAA-compliant audio device that works without additional drivers.
In Windows 11, SoundWire is supported by UAA.
# KKDM

KKDM (107.5 FM) is a commercial radio station in Des Moines, Iowa. The station airs a top 40 (CHR) radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. KKDM uses the KISS-FM branding used by many iHeart CHR/Top 40 stations. It carries the syndicated Elvis Duran and the Morning Show from co-owned Premiere Networks.
KKDM's studios and offices are located on Grand Avenue in Des Moines. Its transmitter is at South 57th Avenue West and West 124th Street South, near Colfax. KKDM broadcasts in the HD Radio format. Its HD-2 subchannel carries a simulcast of KXNO, which airs a sports format. The HD-3 subchannel carries the K-Love Christian Contemporary music format from the Educational Media Foundation which is also heard on translator station 95.3 K237GC.

## History

KKDM was established by local businessman Rich Eychaner as Midwest Radio, Inc. KKDM signed on the air for the first time as modern rock-formatted "107.5 the Dot", on September 20, 1995. Eychanner sold Midwest Radio Inc. to Clear Channel Communications in July 1999. At 6 p.m. on July 2 of that year, Clear Channel swapped KKDM's modern rock format and programming with new sister station KCCQ (which had recently moved to a new frequency and increased power) in exchange for that station's CHR format. KKDM was rebranded as "Kiss 107.5", which later rebranded as "107.5 KISS FM".

## HD Radio subchannels

KKDM operates two HD Radio subchannels on 107.5 - 2 (The Heat) and 107.5 - 3 (K-Love Christian radio) respectively.
# Vladimir Tolmachyov (politician)

Vladimir Nikolayevich Tolmachev (Russian: Влади́мир Никола́евич Толмачёв; October 19, 1887 – September 20, 1937) was a Soviet politician and statesman.

## Biography

He was born on October 19, 1887, in Kostroma, in the family of a teacher. In 1904, as a gymnasium student he joined the RSDLP. A member of the Bolshevik wing since 1905 and a member of the Kostroma Committee of the RSDLP. In 1906, he was arrested for revolutionary activities, and sentenced to 5 years under police supervision in the Yarensky district of the Vologda province. After serving his term, he lived on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. In 1911, he was drafted into the Imperial Army and spent two years in military service. In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, he was again drafted into the army and served in Novorossiysk. In March 1917 he organized and headed the Council of Soldiers' Deputies of the Novorossiysk garrison. After the October Revolution in November 1917 he was appointed head of the military department, and then the military commissar of Novorossiysk. In June 1918 he participated in the sinking of the ships of the Black Sea Fleet that refused to surrender to the Germans under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. From 1919 he was deputy head of the political department of the 14th Army.
From June 28, 1920, he was a Revolutionary Military Council of Crimea member. In the years 1921–1922 he was executive secretary of the Kuban-Black Sea Regional Party Committee. From 1922 to 1924 he was chairman of the executive committee of the Kuban-Black Sea Regional Council. From July 1924 – deputy chairman of the executive committee of the North Caucasus Regional Council. Appointed People's Commissar for Interior on January 2, 1928, succeeding A.G. Beloborodov, until the abolition of that office on February 10, 1931.
After January 1931, he became the head of the Main Road Transport Administration under the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR and a member of the economic council. On November 25, 1932, V.N. Tolmachev, together with N.B. Eismont, was accused of participating in a "right-opportunist anti-party counter-revolutionary group". He was expelled from the CPSU and arrested. On January 16, 1933, by a decision of the Special Meeting of the OGPU of the USSR, he was sentenced under Article 58-10 of the Criminal Code of the USSR to 3 years in a forced labor camp. After serving his sentence, in 1935, he returned to Kostroma, where he was appointed head of the coastal development of the fuel office. On March 30, 1937, was arrested on suspicion of participating in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organization. Tried by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on September 20, 1937, Tolmachev sentenced to death, and executed on the same day.
By the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR of August 23, 1962, he was posthumously rehabilitated and reinstated in the party.
# Memphis Xplorers

The Memphis Xplorers were a professional arena football team. They were a 2001 expansion member of the af2. They played their home games at DeSoto Civic Center in Southaven, Mississippi (a suburb of Memphis, Tennessee). The team's logo featured the likeness of the namesake of both the venue and the team, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto.
On October 11, 2006, the team announced that they would not return for the 2007 season.
In October 2007, local teacher Patrick Smith and a partner purchased the Memphis Xplorers for $100,000. There were plans to bring the team back for the 2009 season, with the possibility of the team's name being changed to the Midsouth Mafia. These plans never came to fruition.

## Season-by-season

Season records :
| Season | W | L | T | Finish | Playoff results |
| 2001 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 7th NC South Central | -- |
| 2002 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 4th NC Central | -- |
| 2003 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 3rd NC Central | -- |
| 2004 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 2nd AC Mid-South | Lost Round 1 (Florida 35, Memphis 33) |
| 2005 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 1st NC Midwest | Won Round 2 (Memphis 71, Amarillo 30) Won National Conference Championship (Memphis 58, Rio Grande Valley 49) Won ArenaCup VI (Memphis 63, Louisville 41) |
| 2006 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 2nd AC Southern | Won Round 1 (Memphis 83, Louisville 61) Lost Round 2 (Green Bay 67, Memphis 50) |
| Totals | 52 | 50 | 0 | (including playoffs) | (including playoffs) |
# Vukojevac (Kuršumlija)

Vukojevac is a village in the municipality of Kuršumlija, Serbia. Per the 2002 census, the village population was 0.
# Emma Kanerva

Emma Kanerva (born 13 July 1985) is a Finnish dressage rider. She represented Finland in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing 22nd. She also competed at the World Equestrian Games in 2010 and 2018. Kanerva represented Finland five times during the European Championships in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2021 and 2023.
In 2024 Kanerva represented the Finnish team at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris with her horse Greek Air. She finished 8th in the team competition and 12th in the individual freestyle. She was the first Finnish dressage rider after Kyra Kyrklund to make it to the freestyle final at the Olympic Games.
# U.S. Office of Palestinian Affairs

The U.S. Office of Palestinian Affairs is a division within the United States Department of State that is charged with contacts with the Palestinian Authority and with issues related to the Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

## Background

In 2019, the US Consulate General in Jerusalem was closed down as part of President Trump's policy of recognizing Jerusalem as Israel's capital. Palestinian affairs were transferred to the responsibility of the US Embassy in Jerusalem, and placed under the newly created Palestinian Affairs Unit.

## Creation of the office

Following the US Presidential elections of 2020, US policy towards the Palestinian Authority shifted once more. In June 2022, as US President Joe Biden was interested in removing relations with the Palestinian Authority from the schedule of the US Embassy in Jerusalem, he created the Office of Palestinian Affairs within the Department of State. The office itself is located within the same building as the Embassy in Jerusalem, but reports to the Department of State in Washington independently. The chief of the U.S. Office of Palestinian Affairs is Hans Wechsel.