OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bullgill

Bullgill is a hamlet in Cumbria, England.

## Geography

It is located to the northeast of Dearham, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) by road northeast of Maryport and 0.5 miles (0.80 km) southeast of Crosby Villa. The River Ellen flows nearby.

## History

Bullgill was developed as a mining community. The Ellen Pit coal mine was sunk in 1859.
A railway station was formerly located at Bullgill connecting it with Carlisle. It closed to passengers on 7 March 1960.

## Governance

Bullgill, is part of the Penrith and Solway constituency of the UK parliament.
For Local Government purposes it is in the Cumberland unitary authority area.
The village also has its own Parish Council; Crosscanonby Parish Council.

## A Poem about Bullgill

This poem, attributed to Gordon Nicholl, describes the closure of Bulgill Colliery in about 1910.
Original West-Cumbrian Version:
   Bulgill's buggert marra Wukken out cum's fast If thou gits t'backshift in That cud be thee last
   T'Powney's gone till Riser T'Ingins gone till t'seals Thompson's up afoort t'boss Fer pinchun six inch neals
   Tyson's gone till Buthy Cass till Outerside Uncle Joe's at Number Fower An Tom's at Number Five
   Bulgill's buggert marra Just a wa' o stean Divent ga 'till Buthy Thoo's better off at yam.
   Ere we ga up t'clog trod In till t'Railway Pub Get thee wissel wet me lad See-un thou'll be on't club.
Translation:
   Bulgill Colliery is to close- The pillars are being robbed- Another backshift- And it could be the end.-
   The pit Pony has gone to Risehow- The loco is for sale- Mr. Thompson is on the carpet- For stealing six inch nails-
   Mr. Tyson is transferreed to Bertha Pit- Mr. Cass to Outherside Colliery- Uncle Joseph to Brayton Domain No. 4- And Tom to Brayton Domain No. 5-
   Bullgill Colliery is finished- We are looking at walls of stone- For Heaven's sake don't go to Bertha Pit- You will be better off at home-
   Here we go up the path- Into the Railway Inn- Have a good drink- You will soon be on Benefit.-
# National Board of Review Awards 1940

12th National Board of Review Awards
December 22, 1940
The 12th National Board of Review Awards were announced on 22 December 1940.

## Best American Films

* The Grapes of Wrath
* The Great Dictator
* Of Mice and Men
* Our Town
* Fantasia
* The Long Voyage Home
* Foreign Correspondent
* The Biscuit Eater
* Gone with the Wind
* Rebecca

## Winners

* Best American Film: The Grapes of Wrath
* Best Foreign Film: La femme du boulanger (The Baker's Wife), France
* Best Documentary: The Fight for Life
* Best Acting:
** Jane Bryan - We Are Not Alone
** Charles Chaplin - The Great Dictator
** Jane Darwell - The Grapes of Wrath
** Betty Field - Of Mice and Men
** Henry Fonda - The Grapes of Wrath and The Return of Frank James
** Joan Fontaine - Rebecca
** Greer Garson - Pride and Prejudice
** William Holden - Our Town
** Vivien Leigh - Gone with the Wind and Waterloo Bridge
** Thomas Mitchell - The Long Voyage Home
** Raimu - The Baker's Wife
** Ralph Richardson - On the Night of the Fire
** Flora Robson - We Are Not Alone
** Ginger Rogers - Primrose Path
** George Sanders - Rebecca
** Martha Scott - Our Town
** James Stewart - The Shop Around the Corner
** Conrad Veidt - Escape
# Oxymorrons

Oxymorrons are an American rap rock band from Queens, New York, consisting of vocalist Demi "Deee" and brother Kami "KI" drummer Matty Mayz and vocalist/guitarist/bassist Jafe Paulino.

## Career

Oxymorrons began as a collaboration between Queens-bred brothers, Kami (K.I.) and Demi (Deee), who joined forces to create a hip hop and rock fusion act. After years spent playing and touring with other groups, the brothers decided it was time to set the New York scene ablaze with their sonic creations. The lineup expanded with the addition of staple drummer Matty Mayz, whose blistering talent alongside Vocalist/bassist/guitarist Jafe Paulino has become an intricate part of the bands live show. The genre-blending masterminds use their musical platform to speak for, and to, the rejected. Their message of embracing ones individuality resonates with their fellow underdogs.
They have played in many festivals including SXSW, Firefly, and AfroPunk, while they have made partnerships with artists including Ludacris, Juicy J, Bruno Mars, and Rihanna.
The band released "Brunch" as the first single from their next project on February 2, 2018. VIBE dubbed them "The Mash Out Posse" for their clash of hip-hop, rock, funk and alternative sounds.

## Band members

* Dave "D" Bellevue - Vocals
* Ashmy "KI" Bellevue - Vocals
* Matty Mayz - Drums
* Jafe Paulino - Vocals/Bass/Guitar

## Discography

* Mohawks and Durags (June 2021)
* Complex But Basic (October 2016)
* Melanin Punk (October 20, 2023)

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name :
| Title | Year | Peak Chart Positions | Album |
| Title | Year | US Main. Rock | Album |
| "Look Alive (Netic)" | 2023 | 28 | Melanin Punk |

### Music videos

List of music videos, showing year released and directors :
| Title | Year | Director(s) |
| "808 Clap" | 2014 | Wearenotnatives |
| "Hello Me" | 2016 | Eric Schneider |
| "Asleep" | 2016 | A1 Productions |
| "Brunch" | 2018 | Brian Nunez |
| "See Stars" | 2018 | A1 Vision |
| "Green Vision" | 2021 | A1 Vision |
| "Definition" | 2021 | Michael Danners |
| "Enemy" | 2023 | Un­known |
| "Last Call" | 2023 | Un­known |
| "Look Alive (Netic)" | 2023 | Mike of I Am Eye Photos |
# North Texas Mean Green track and field

The North Texas Mean Green track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of North Texas. The Mean Green compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference. The team is based in Denton, Texas at the Mean Green Soccer and Track & Field Stadium.
The program is coached by Doug Marshall. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams, as the NCAA regards men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.
In 1972, Bill Schmidt qualified for the Munich Olympics in the javelin throw. He won the bronze medal, ending a U.S. drought in the event and becoming the first Mean Green track and field medallist.

## Postseason
### AIAW

The Mean Green have had 11 AIAW All-Americans finishing in the top six at the AIAW outdoor or indoor championships.
AIAW All-Americans :
| Championships | Name | Event | Place |
| 1969 Outdoor | Nancy Carlson | 100 yards | 6th |
| 1969 Outdoor | Susan North | Javelin throw | 6th |
| 1969 Outdoor | Nancy Carlson | Long jump | 6th |
| 1973 Outdoor | Sherry Session | 880 yards | 6th |
| 1980 Indoor | Ileana Hocking | 1000 meters | 2nd |
| 1980 Indoor | Debra Pinnix | 4 × 440 yards relay | 5th |
| 1980 Indoor | Joan Bennett | 4 × 440 yards relay | 5th |
| 1980 Indoor | Ileana Hocking | 4 × 440 yards relay | 5th |
| 1980 Indoor | Julie Bergeron | 4 × 440 yards relay | 5th |
| 1980 Outdoor | Debra Pinnix | 200 meters | 6th |
| 1981 Indoor | Ileana Hocking | 1000 meters | 2nd |
| 1981 Indoor | Donna Thomas | Long jump | 3rd |
| 1981 Outdoor | Donna Thomas | Long jump | 1st |
| 1982 Indoor | Donna Thomas | Long jump | 1st |
| 1982 Outdoor | Sharon McDonald | 100 meters | 4th |
| 1982 Outdoor | Donna Thomas | Long jump | 2nd |
| 1982 Outdoor | Donna Thomas | Sprint medley relay | 2nd |
| 1982 Outdoor | Anita Whitley | Sprint medley relay | 2nd |
| 1982 Outdoor | Sharon McDonald | Sprint medley relay | 2nd |
| 1982 Outdoor | Ella Smith | Sprint medley relay | 2nd |

### NCAA

As of 2024, a total of 7 men and 2 women have achieved All-American status at the men's outdoor, women's outdoor, men's indoor, or women's indoor national championships.
First Team NCAA All-Americans :
| Team | Championships | Name | Event | Place |
| Men's | 1955 Outdoor | Paul Patterson | 800 meters | 6th |
| Men's | 1957 Outdoor | Denny Andrews | Javelin throw | 8th |
| Men's | 1960 Outdoor | Dave Clark | Pole vault | 2nd |
| Men's | 1965 Outdoor | Doyle Magee | 400 meters | 8th |
| Men's | 1970 Outdoor | Bill Schmidt | Javelin throw | 2nd |
| Men's | 1980 Outdoor | Rudy Levarity | 200 meters | 7th |
| Women's | 1982 Outdoor | Donna Thomas | Long jump | 5th |
| Women's | 1983 Indoor | Donna Thomas | Long jump | 4th |
| Women's | 1983 Outdoor | Donna Thomas | Long jump | 7th |
| Men's | 2013 Outdoor | Steven White | 400 meters hurdles | 3rd |
| Women's | 2013 Outdoor | Shahaf Bareni | High jump | 7th |
# Acton family

The Acton family was a 14th-century English political family. The four members, Laurence Acton Sr., Laurence Acton Jr., William Acton Sr. and William Acton Jr., all served as members of parliament (MPs).

## Members
### William Acton Sr.

William Acton was bailiff of Newcastle upon Tyne "almost continuously" from 1336 until 1351. He represented the town's constituency as MP twice during this period. Two of his sons – William Jr. and Laurence Sr. – and a grandson Laurence Acton Jr. were also MPs.

### William Acton Jr.

William Acton was an English politician who was MP for an unknown constituency and a mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne. The History of Parliament Online described his career as having been similar to that of his father, William Acton Sr., also an MP from Newcastle. His younger brother, Laurence Acton Sr. and nephew, Laurence Acton Jr., were also MPs.

### Laurence Acton Sr.

Laurence Acton (died 1386 or 1387) was a Member of Parliament during the 1370s and a six-time bailiff of Newcastle upon Tyne. His father, William Acton, his elder brother – also named William – and his namesake son, were all MPs.

### Laurence Acton Jr.

Laurence Acton (died 1410) was an MP for Newcastle upon Tyne in 1386, 1391, September 1397, and 1399. The son of the MP of the same name, his grandfather and uncle were both MPs named William Acton. He was also bailiff (1385 to 1393), justice of the peace (26 December 1390), and mayor (1393–1396) of the aforementioned town.
# TeXworks

TeXworks is free and open-source application software, available for Windows, Linux and macOS. It is a Qt-based graphical user interface to the TeX typesetting system and its LaTeX, ConTeXt, and XeTeX extensions. TeXworks is targeted at direct generation of PDF output. It has a built-in PDF viewer using the poppler library; the viewer has auto-refresh capability, and also features SyncTeX support (which allows the user to synchronize the PDF viewer position with the source, and vice versa with a single click).
The developer of TeXworks is Jonathan Kew (who also developed XeTeX), who deliberately modelled TeXworks on Richard Koch’s award-winning TeXShop software for macOS to lower the entry barrier to the TeX world for those using desktop operating systems other than macOS. Kew argued against complex user interfaces like that of TeXnicCenter or Kile, which he described as intimidating for new users.
TeXworks requires a TeX installation: TeX Live, MiKTeX, or MacTeX. MiKTeX 2.8 (and 2.9) comes bundled with TeXworks, even in the base installation.
One limitation of TeXworks is, that it does not by itself support multi-stage typesetting, like, for example, PNG or SVG output via intermediate DVI. This is a design choice, because such workflows are considered too advanced for the beginning user. The user has to write a shell or batch script to use such workflows with TeXworks.
# Palla Srinivasa Rao

Palla Srinivasa Rao is an Indian politician. He was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Gajuwaka on behalf of Telugu Desam Party in 2014 and in 2024. He won with highest majority in the state in the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election with 95,235 votes. On 14 June 2024 he was appointed the Andhra Pradesh State President of the Telugu Desam Party by the National President of Telugu Desam Party Shri. N. Chandrababu Naidu. Palla Srinivasa Rao has become well-known for his staunch opposition to the privatization of the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. He is referred to as "the People's Leader" by the people of Visakhapatnam.

## Education Details

Shri Palla Srinivasa Rao completed Post Graduate MBA in 1995 and completed Master of Technology in Structural Engineering In 1998 from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

## Political Career

He hailed from a political family. In 1994 general elections, his father Palla Simhachalam was MLA from Vizag-2 from Telugu Desam Party.
In 2009 elections, Palla Srinivas contested as the Praja Rajyam Party's MP candidate for Vizag and lost by narrow margin.
Subsequently, he joined TDP and contested from Gajuwaka in the 2014 election. He won with a huge majority and worked for the development of his constituency.
He lost the 2019 elections from the same constituency, which due to votes splitting as Janasena's chief Pawan Kalyan too contested from the same constituency.
After 2019 elections, TDP appointed him as Visakhapatnam Parliament President.
He continued to work for strengthening the party and building the cadre in the Vizag city.
On behalf of the TDP, he played an active role in the protest against the privatisation of the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) which is the heart of Vizag city and went on a hunger strike for 7 days in February 2021 and from then people of Vizag started calling him People's Leader.
His outstanding efforts paid off in the 2024 elections, when he won in assembly election with a majority of 95,235 votes.
# John Miles discography

This is the discography of English musician John Miles (1949–2021). Over the years he released ten studio albums, two live albums, five compilation albums and eighteen singles.

## Albums
### Studio albums

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| Year | Title | SWI | NOR | SWE | UK | US | AUS | CAN | Certifications |
| 1976 | Rebel | — | — | 25 | 9 | 171 | 33 | 34 | BPI: Silver |
| 1977 | Stranger in the City | — | 15 | 13 | 37 | 93 | — | 82 | BPI: Silver |
| 1978 | Zaragon | — | 3 | 3 | 43 | — | — | — | |
| 1979 | More Miles Per Hour | — | 6 | 10 | 46 | — | — | — | |
| 1980 | Sympathy | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 1981 | Miles High | — | — | 28 | 96 | — | — | — | |
| 1983 | Play On | — | — | 29 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1985 | Transition | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 1993 | Upfront | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 1999 | Tom and Catherine | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart ||||||||||

### Live albums

| Year | Title |
| 1992 | John Miles in Concert |
| 2009 | The Best of John Miles at the Night of the Proms |

### Compilation albums

| Year | Title |
| 1982 | John Miles' Music |
| 1993 | Anthology |
| 1999 | Millennium Edition |
| 2000 | John Miles His Very Best |
| 2016 | John Miles - The Decca Albums |
| 2024 | John Miles -The Albums 1983 -1993 |

## Singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album |
| Year | Title | SWI | NLD | UK | US | AUS | CAN | Certifications | Album |
| 1975 | "Highfly" | — | — | 17 | 68 | — | 74 | | Rebel |
| 1976 | "Music" | 4 | 1 | 3 | 88 | 38 | — | BPI: Silver | Rebel |
| 1976 | "Slow Down" | — | — | 10 | 34 | — | 68 | | Stranger in the City |
| 1976 | "Remember Yesterday" | — | — | 32 | — | — | — | | Stranger in the City |
| 1976 | "Manhattan Skyline" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Stranger in the City |
| 1978 | "No Hard Feelings" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Zaragon |
| 1979 | "Can't Keep a Good Man Down" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | More Miles Per Hour |
| 1979 | "Oh Dear" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | More Miles Per Hour |
| 1979 | "(Don't Give Me Your) Sympathy" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | More Miles Per Hour |
| 1981 | "Turn Yourself Loose" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Miles High |
| 1981 | "Reggae Man" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Miles High |
| 1983 | "The Right to Sing" | — | — | 88 | — | — | — | | Play On |
| 1983 | "Song for You" | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | | Play On |
| 1985 | "Blinded" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Transition |
| 1985 | "I Need Your Love" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Transition |
| 1993 | "One More Day Without Love" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Upfront |
| 1993 | "What Goes Around" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Upfront |
| 1994 | "Oh How the Years Go By" | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Upfront |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart ||||||||||
# Carmen Pignatiello

Carmen Peter Pignatiello (born September 12, 1982) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher and independent league pitching coach. He is a graduate of Providence Catholic High School in New Lenox, Illinois. He is currently working as an insurance agent in Illinois.

## Professional career
### Minor league career

Drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the 20th round of the 2000 MLB amateur draft, Pignatiello would spend seven seasons in various ranks within the farm system before being promoted in 2007, his eighth season in professional baseball. In 2003, he led the Florida State League with a career-high 140 strikeouts in 156.1 innings for the Daytona Cubs.

### Major league career

Pignatiello was called up by the Cubs on August 14, 2007, due to the need for left-handed relievers in the bullpen. Two days later, he made his major league debut against the Cincinnati Reds and pitched one scoreless inning of relief of a 12-4 victory. In March, 2009 Carmen was signed to a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins. Then released by the Twins, Pignatiello signed with the Schaumburg Flyers for the 2009 season as a starter, which saw him have a less-than-stellar season, going 6-9 in 20 starts with a 5.87 ERA. Following the season, Pignatiello retired.

### Coaching career

On February 16, 2011, Pignatiello signed a contract with the Joliet Slammers to be their pitching coach.

### Life After baseball

Pignatiello is currently working as a Nationwide insurance agent in Palos Heights, Illinois.

### Personal life

He is married, and has two sons. The Pignatiello family lives in Wheaton, Illinois.
# Van Arkel–de Boer process

The van Arkel–de Boer process, also known as the iodide process or crystal-bar process, was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile titanium, zirconium and some other metals. It was developed by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 for Philips Nv. Now it is used in the production of small quantities of ultrapure titanium and zirconium. It primarily involves the formation of the metal iodides and their subsequent decomposition to yield pure metal, for example at one of the Allegheny Technologies' Albany plants.
This process was superseded commercially by the Kroll process.

## Process

As seen in the diagram, impure titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, thorium or protactinium is heated in an evacuated vessel with a halogen at 50–250 °C. The patent specifically involved the intermediacy of TiI$_4$ and ZrI$_4$, which were volatilized (leaving impurities as solid).
At atmospheric pressure TiI$_4$ melts at 150 °C and boils at 377 °C, while ZrI$_4$ melts at 499 °C and boils at 600 °C. The boiling points are lower at reduced pressure. The gaseous metal tetraiodide is decomposed on a white hot tungsten filament (1400 °C). As more metal is deposited the filament conducts better and thus a greater electric current is required to maintain the temperature of the filament. The process can be performed in the span of several hours or several weeks, depending on the particular setup.
Generally, the crystal bar process can be performed using any number of metals using whichever halogen or combination of halogens is most appropriate for that sort of transport mechanism, based on the reactivities involved. The only metals it has been used to purify on an industrial scale are titanium, zirconium and hafnium, and in fact it is still in use today on a much smaller scale for special purity needs.
# María Teresa Prieto

María Teresa Prieto (1896 – 1982) was a Spanish composer and pianist who lived and worked in Mexico. Prieto's music was often performed in prestigious venues such as the Palacio de Bellas Artes but was largely forgotten after her death.

## Biography
### Early life

María Teresa Prieto was born in Oviedo in 1896 to a middle-class Asturian family. Having received musical education themselves, Prieto's parents strongly encouraged her and her siblings to study piano, singing and violin. She studied with pianist and composer Saturnino del Fresno in Asturias. In 1931, she moved to Madrid where she studied with Benito de la Parra at the Conservatory of Madrid. During this time, she was introduced to modal music which greatly influenced her later works. In 1917, she composed a miniature for piano: Escena de niños. This is one of her only surviving early works.

### Exile

In 1935, Prieto's mother died, leaving her alone in Spain. Prieto went to stay with her brother Carlos in Mexico in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War. During her first years in Mexico, Prieto studied with composer Manuel Ponce. She also studied with Darius Milhaud at Mills College in Oakland, California, in 1946 and 1947. She returned to Spain briefly in 1958 to receive the Samuel Ross prize for Modal Quartet, but never returned to live there.

### Death

In 1982, Prieto's health deteriorated. She died on January 24th, 1982, in Mexico City.

## Compositional style

During her early music education, Prieto was introduced to the works of J.S. Bach and baroque counterpoint. While studying with Rodolfo Halffter in Mexico, she became interested in the twelve-tone technique. Prieto's music draws inspiration from both Spanish and Mexican culture. She was influenced by Mexican nationalism and Indigenous culture. Her symphonic poem Chichen Itza is inspired by a trip to the Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza. Her song cycle Seis melodias uses nationalist songs from Spain and poetry from Spanish authors including Frederico García Lorca and Juan Ramon Jiménez.
While her first compositions from Mexico are for piano, Prieto soon started composing for orchestra. Around the 1950s, she gained an interest in string quartets.

## Selected works
### Orchestral works

* Impresión sinfónica (1940) piano and symphony orchestra
* Symphony No. 1 'Asturiana' (1942)
* Chichen Itza, symphonic poem (1944)
* Symphony No. 2 'Breve' (1945)
* Symphony No. 3 'De la danza prima' (1951)
* Cuadros de la naturaleza (1965–67) includes movements Asturias and El valle de México
* El palo verde, ballet suite (1967)

### Chamber music

* Adagio y Fuga (1953) for violoncello and piano
* Modal String quartet (1957)

### Voice and piano

* Seis melodías (1940)
* Ave Maria para Canto y Organo o Piano (1966)
* Cuatro Canciones para Canto y Piano (1971)
* Anoche, cuando dormía (1977)

### Piano

* Añada (1937)
* Preludio y Fuga en Do M (1938)
* Tema y tres variaciones (1938)
# 1983 in Brazilian television

This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1983.

## Events

* 3 January - Reorganization of the local news bulletins on TV Globo, with Jornal das Sete being replaced by Praça TV.

## Debuts

* 7 March - Balão Mágico (1983-1986)

## Television shows
### 1970s

* Turma da Mônica (1976–present)
* Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (1977–1986)

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date | Notes | Source |
| Rede Manchete | Cable and satellite | 5 June | | |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |

### Closures

| Network | Type | Closure date | Notes | Source |

## Births

* 4 June - Fernanda Paes Leme, actress, TV host & director
* 11 August - Tatá Werneck, Brazilian actress, television presenter and comedian
* 26 November - Sheron Menezzes, actress
* 14 December - Igor Rickli, actor
* 16 December - Raphael Viana, actor