OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hadith of black flags

The hadith of black flags or black banners are a body of purported eschatological hadith (traditions attributed to Muhammad) that describe an army emerging from Khorasan or "the east" bearing black flags, typically preceding the appearance of the Mahdi. Both Western scholarship and Muslim hadith scholars consider the traditions to be spurious. The medieval Muslim scholar Ibn al-Jawzi considered them to be forgeries.
The Abbasids used the traditions to legitimise and marshal support for their revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate, widely disseminating them through propaganda. The Abbasid partisans of Abu Muslim and Abu Salama Hafs al-Khallal flew black banners and were known as the musawwida (lit. 'the bearers of black'); the choice of black corresponded with the popular belief that the colour was associated with the Mahdi. Conscious of their implications, the Umayyads attempted to violently suppress the traditions' dissemination.
In the modern era, the traditions were frequently referenced during the first Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, thought to be a precursor to a return of the caliphate. They also inspired the colour of the flag of the Islamic State and have motivated Salafi jihadists.

## Sources
### Kitab al-Fitan

The Kitab al-Fitan (lit. 'Book of Tribulations') of Nu'aym ibn Ḥammād (d. 843), a compilation of apocalyptic hadith, contains multiple black banner traditions, including:
   Said ibn al-Musayyib: The Messenger of God said: Black banners belonging to the Abbasids will emerge from the east, and they will remain as long as God wills, then small black banners will emerge that will fight a man from the descendants of Abu Sufyan and his supporters from the direction of the east. They will give their obedience to the Mahdi.
   When you see the black banners emerging from the direction of Khorasan, then go to them, even crawling on the snow, for among them is the caliph of God, the Mahdi.
   Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya: A black banner belonging to the Abbasids will emerge, then another will emerge from Khorasan, with their qālansuwas black [a type of turban], their clothes white, at their vanguard, a man called Shu'ayb b. Salih b. Shu'ayb, from [the tribe of] Tamim, defeating the supporters of the Sufyani, until he settles at Jerusalem (bayt al-maqdis), preparing for the Mahdi his rule, supporting him with 300 from Syria. Between his emergence and the time when he gives over the rule to the Mahdi will be seventy-two months.

### Akhbar al-Abbas

Black banner traditions are also present in the Akhbar al-Abbas, the Abbasids' semi-official history of their revolution, in which the banners are presented as a sign of salvation. Some are given without a full chain of transmission (isnad). One such tradition is attributed to Ibn Abbas:
   If a man with a black flag comes out from the East in the year 130 AH (747–748 CE), be sure that this movement will triumph.
The text also describes a lengthy account where Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of Muhammad, gave Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya a "yellow scroll" detailing the emergence of the black banners, which was eventually given to the Abbasid leader Ibrahim al-Imam.
# Maharamau

Maharamau (also pronounced Mahra Mau) is a small village in the Sikandarpur Karan block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population was 550 in 106 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
Maharamau is known for its street dance programs that engage the whole village. Agriculture is the main income source of the village. The major problems that the locals face usually involve electrification, transportation, and water facilities.

## Location

The nearest railway stations to Maharamau are Bighapur and Rawat Pur Tikauli, and the village can be reached by car from Unnao. Visitors can take a shared auto to Sikanderpur 'Karan', which is about 11.2 km (7.0 mi) away. The distance between Maharamau and Kanpur Central railway station is approximately 78 km (48 mi), and Lucknow Airport is 100 km (62 mi) away. It has a post office at Nibai and a police station at Bighapur. The village is on the Ganga Katari River. The postal code of the Maharamau village is 209827.

## Education

The village has two schools and one college. One school is administered by the Government of Uttar Pradesh, and the other, Shree Gangotri Adarsh Inter College, is private. This village is the main education centre of the Katari area. P S Ambedkar Nagar School was established in 2012, consisting of 1st to 5th grade. It is directly managed by the Ministry of Education.

## Population

This village has had a total population of 550 in 2011.
# Talinum

Talinum is a genus of herbaceous succulent plants in the family Talinaceae (formerly in the family Portulacaceae) whose common names include fameflower. It includes 27 species native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Indian subcontinent, and Myanmar. Several species bear edible leaves, and Talinum fruticosum is widely grown in tropical regions as a leaf vegetable. Talinum paniculatum is grown as an ornamental plant.

## Species

27 species are accepted.
* Talinum albiflorum (Appleq.) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum ankaranense (Appleq.) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum arnotii Hook.f.
* Talinum aurantiacum Engelm.
* Talinum boivinianum (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum bosseri (Appleq.) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum afrum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
* Talinum crispatulum Dinter
* Talinum dauphinense (Scott Elliot) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum domingense Urb. & Ekman
* Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss.
* Talinum grevei (Danguy) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum humbertii (Appleq.) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum latifolium (Appleq.) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum lineare Kunth
* Talinum microphyllum (Eggli) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum nocturnum Bacig.
* Talinum pachypodum (Eggli) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.
* Talinum polygaloides Gillies ex Arn.
* Talinum porphyreum M.Mend. & J.R.I.Wood
* Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf.
* Talinum sonorae D.J.Ferguson
* Talinum tenuissimum Dinter
* Talinum tsitondroinense (Appleq.) Christenh. & Byng
* Talinum tuberosum (Benth.) P.Wilson
* Talinum xerophilum (Appleq.) Christenh. & Byng

### Formerly placed here

* Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. (as T. ciliatum Ruiz & Pav)
* Phemeranthus calcaricus (S. Ware)
* Phemeranthus mengesii (W.Wolf) Kiger (as T. mengesii W.Wolf)
* Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nutt.) Kiger (as T. parviflorum Nutt.)
* Lewisia pygmaea (A.Gray) B.L.Rob. (as T. pygmaeum A.Gray)
* Phemeranthus rugospermus (Holz.) Kiger (as T. rugospermum Holz.)
* Phemeranthus spinescens (Torr.) Hershk. (as T. spinescens Torr.)
* Montiopsis umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) D.I.Ford (as T. umbellatum Ruiz & Pav.)
# Siege of Ochakov (1788)

The siege of Ochakov or the siege of Özi (now Ochakiv, Ukraine) was one of the major events of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). It was known as "Özi Kuşatması" in Turkish.
In 1788, Russian forces led by Prince Grigory Potemkin and General Alexander Suvorov besieged the city, held by Ottoman troops commanded by Hasan Pasha. Despite Suvorov's urging to storm the city immediately, Potemkin had the Russian forces encircle Ochakov (Özi), bombarding the city and cutting off the defenders' supply of food and ammunition. By keeping his soldiers out of direct battle, Potemkin minimized Russian casualties, though he was accused by his generals of cowardice. The argument within the Russian headquarters about storming Ochakov continued during the entirety of the siege.
The first combat was on May 31, with the arrival of the Turkish navy. The Russian flotilla lost a double-sloop while attempting to retreat. The Russian army began assaulting the city on July 9. On July 18, 1788, the Russians captured the strategically important Pirezin Island.
The Turks made several attempts to break the siege. On July 27, about 5,000 Janissaries attacked positions held by Cossacks and forced them to retreat. Suvorov personally led reinforcements and drove the Janissaries to the gates of Ochakov, but was injured.
Hasan Pasha expected reinforcements from the Turkish fleet, which gathered in Limans. However, Turkish reinforcements were cut off after being attacked by Admiral Senyavin's fleet.
The conditions of both armies continued to decline, with the looming threat of disease and increasingly cold weather. Potemkin ultimately gave in to Suvorov's arguments for an assault on Ochakov. On the night of December 6 (December 17 in the Gregorian calendar), the Russians attacked and captured Hasan Pasha's palace, forcing its guards to surrender. Over 9,500 Turks were killed during the assault, and more than 4,000 were taken prisoner, including Hasan Pasha himself, but most of the city garrison was killed in the street fight, having lost about 20,000 men dead. The Russians lost 956 soldiers and had 1,829 wounded by the end of the operation.
Colonel of the Second Bug Regiment Pyotr Mikhailovich Skarzhinsky [ru], who "distinguished himself during the capture of Ochakov." He was one of the first to climb the ramparts of the fortress. He was awarded Russia's most prestigious military decoration the Order of St. George
The Russian victory was celebrated in a famous ode by Gavrila Derzhavin, and in a Te Deum by Giuseppe Sarti.
# EML Olev

EML Olev (M415) is a Frauenlob-class minelayer of the Estonian Navy Mineships Division.

## Introduction

The minelayer Olev is a vessel of the Estonian Navy Mineships Division and also the third modernized Frauenlob class minelayer. In 2003, a cooperation contract was signed between the Paldiski city council and the minelayer Olev which gave the vessel a right to wear the Paldiski town coat of arms and to introduce the city in all foreign harbors across the world.

## History

The Olev (M415) was built in West-Germany, in a Krögerwerft shipyard in Rendsburg. The vessel was launched on 13 December 1966, and she entered service a year later on 21 September 1967. The German Navy decommissioned Diana and two of her twin sisters Minerva and Undine in late 1990s and gave the vessels to the Estonian Navy to operate. On the ceremony the vessel received an Estonian name Olev. Olev was decommissioned in 2005 and sold in 2008. She then sat "abandoned" in Tallinn Seaplane Harbor till she was towed to Noblessner, where its superstructure got a new coat of paint. She is currently sitting in Noblessner Harbor.
# Dale Sandler

Dale Pearlman Sandler is an American epidemiologist specialized in prospective cohort studies designed to study the impact of environmental exposures on population health. She is chief of the Epidemiology Branch at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Sandler is a past president of the American College of Epidemiology and received a Dr. Nathan Davis Award in 2015.

## Education

Sandler completed a B.A. in Mathematics and Philosophy, cum laude at the Boston University College of Arts and Sciences in June 1972. She earned a M.P.H. in Chronic Disease Epidemiology from Yale School of Medicine in May 1975. Her thesis was titled Serum Cholesterol, Serum Uric Acid, and ABO Blood Groups in West Point Cadets. In October 1979, Sandler completed a Ph.D. in Epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. Her dissertation was titled Health Consequences of Nasopharyngeal Radium Irradiation. Genevieve Matanoski was Sandler's doctoral advisor.

## Career and research

Sandler joined the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in 1979 as a health statistician. She heads the Chronic Disease Epidemiology group and has been chief of the Epidemiology Branch in the Division of Intramural Research at NIEHS since 2003. Stephanie J. London is the Deputy Chief. Sandler is adjunct professor of Epidemiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Sandler has authored more than 230 articles in peer-reviewed journals.
Sandler's research involves prospective cohort studies designed to study the impact of environmental exposures on population health. She is a principal investigator of the following three studies: The Agricultural Health Study (AHS), The Sister Study, and the GuLF Study.

## Awards and honors

Sandler received a NIH Director's Award in 2009 for developing the Sister Study. In 2010, Sandler received the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Honor Award, a Bronze Medal team award. She was selected NIEHS DIR Scientist of the Year in 2010. Sandler received an NIH Director's Award in 2011 for her work in developing the GuLF STUDY. She was elected as a fellow of the American College of Epidemiology, a member of the American Epidemiological Society, and an alumni member of the Alpha chapter of the Delta Omega public health honor society. The American College of Epidemiology presented her with its Leadership and Distinguished Service Award and its Leadership Recognition. In 2015, Sandler received the Dr. Nathan Davis Award for Outstanding Government Service.
She is a past president of the American College of Epidemiology.
# Gowthorpe

Gowthorpe is a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Pocklington town centre and 3 miles (5 km) east of the village of Stamford Bridge.
Gowthorpe forms part of the civil parish of Bishop Wilton.
From 1886 Gowthorpe was part of the civil parish of Youlthorpe with Gowthorpe which was abolished on 1 April 1935 with the creation of the civil parish of Bishop Wilton.
# Lovey Dovey (TV series)

Lovey Dovey (Thai: Lovey Dovey – แผนร้ายนายเจ้าเล่ห์; Lovey Dovey – Phaen Rai Nai Chao-le) is a 2016 Thai television series starring Chutavuth Pattarakampol (March), Sheranut Yusananda (Namcha), Nichaphat Chatchaipholrat (Pearwah) and Thassapak Hsu (Bie).
Produced by GMMTV, the series is an adaptation of the novels Lovey Brother and Dovey Sister by May 112. It premiered on One31 and LINE TV on 19 June 2016, airing on Sundays at 16:00 ICT and 18:00 ICT, respectively. The series concluded on 4 December 2016.

## Cast and characters

Below are the cast of the series:

### Main

* Chutavuth Pattarakampol (March) as Daoneu
* Sheranut Yusananda (Namcha) as Kookai
* Nichaphat Chatchaipholrat (Pearwah) as Khaiwan
* Thassapak Hsu (Bie) as Kongfa

### Supporting

* Tawan Vihokratana (Tay) as Dew
* Rutricha Phapakithi (Ciize) as Koi
* Pronpiphat Pattanasettanon (Plustor) as Shang
* Korn Khunatipapisiri (Oaujun) as a young Kongfa
* Methika Jiranorraphat (Jane) as a young Kookai
* Ingkarat Damrongsakkul (Ryu) as a young Daoneu
* Thanaboon Wanlopsirinun (Na) as News
* Praeploy Oree as Coco
# Ruscombe

Ruscombe is a village and civil parish, east of Twyford in the Borough of Wokingham in Berkshire, England.

## History

Reports from the late 1800s provided summaries of the status of the village; in 1876, the population was 200 and that increased to 349 by 1895. The village was served by a National school. The primary landowners were TC Garth and Rev. A Barker. St James the Great church was described as "a building of flint and brick, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch, and an embattled western tower". A history of the parish published in 1923 provided extensive coverage of the previous centuries. At that time, the settlement included "a few modern cottages" as well as the manor and church.

## Parish church

The Church of England parish church of St James was built in the late 12th century. Its Norman chancel survives but its nave and west tower were rebuilt in 1638–39. Additional modifications were made in the 1800s. The church has been a Grade I listed building since 1967. St James' is part of a united benefice with St. Mary's, Twyford. The benefice is in turn part of a local ecumenical partnership with Twyford United Reformed Church. In March 2020, the partnerships included St Mary's Twyford, St Nicholas Hurst, St James Ruscombe and Twyford United Reformed Church.

## Manor

The manor of Southbury was the home of William Penn from 1710 until his death in 1718. The house was torn down in 1829.

## Notable people

* William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, lived in Ruscombe from 1710 until his death in 1718.
* Dennis Price, co-star of the film Kind Hearts and Coronets, was born in Ruscombe in 1915.

## Amenities

Ruscombe Football Club plays in the Reading Sunday League.
# Templar House, Toledo

The Templar House in Toledo, is a residence in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It was built and decorated between the years 1085 and 1114.
The property was once owned by the Knights Templar, and founds use as a guest house in the 14th century.

## Description

The most primitive elements of the whole are the remains of the hall of Caliphal time (10th century), located in the subsoil or basement, under the hall of the eastern wing. This hall has stucco walls and bicromo ornamentation, reminiscent of Mozarabic. It corresponds to an earlier state of the building, in which it would constitute the hall of the western wing of another courtyard located to its eastern side.
The ground floor is distributed around the courtyard. From the 11th–12th century the hall, the alcove and the upper chamber of the western wing are conserved, with its corresponding alfarje. It highlights the transformation of the entrance arch made of gemade of horseshoe taifa to have a Mudéjar yeseria, decorated with vegetal motifs.
In the hall of the southern wing, the most important modification consists of the suppression of the lower part of the facade, to realize in yeseria gable door, flanked by two lion protomes and framed by double-arched stone, of slightly pointed horseshoe, which has two medallions with Castilian emblems. The ensemble is framed by a rectangular ornament (arrabá) with kufic legend inscribed, from the end of the 12th century or the beginning of the 13th century.
In front, occupying space that originally belonged to another room, a raised porch was added, with a terrace on the deck, made up of two factory masons (originally also covered with yeseria); They support a complex framework of carpentry, which imitates a thick beam, in which suras III and XLVIII of the Quran are partially carved.
# Kabuki-za

Kabuki-za (歌舞伎座) in Ginza is the principal theater in Tokyo for the traditional kabuki drama form.

## History

The Kabuki-za was originally opened by a Meiji era journalist, Fukuchi Gen'ichirō. Fukuchi wrote kabuki dramas in which Ichikawa Danjūrō IX and others starred; upon Danjūrō's death in 1903, Fukuchi retired from the management of the theater. The theater is now run by the Shochiku Corporation which took over in 1914.
The original Kabuki-za was a wooden structure, built in 1889 on land which had been either the Tokyo residence of the Hosokawa clan of Kumamoto, or that of Matsudaira clan of Izu.
The building was destroyed on 30 October 1921, by an electrical fire. The reconstruction, which commenced in 1922, was designed to "be fireproof, yet carry traditional Japanese architectural styles", while using Western building materials and lighting equipment. Reconstruction had not been completed when it again burned down during the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. Rebuilding was finally completed in 1924.
The theater was destroyed once again by Allied bombing during World War II. It was restored in 1950 preserving the style of the 1924 reconstruction, and was until recently one of Tokyo's more dramatic and traditional buildings.
The 1950 structure was demolished in the spring of 2010, and rebuilt over the ensuing three years. Reasons cited for the reconstruction include concerns over the building's ability to survive earthquakes, as well as accessibility issues. A series of farewell performances, entitled Kabuki-za Sayonara Kōen (歌舞伎座さよなら公演, "Kabuki-za Farewell Performances") were held from January through April 2010, after which kabuki performances took place at the nearby Shinbashi Enbujō and elsewhere until the opening of the new theatre complex, which took place on 28 March 2013.

## Architecture

The style in 1924 was in a baroque Japanese revivalist style, meant to evoke the architectural details of Japanese castles, as well as temples of pre-Edo period. This style was kept after the post-war reconstruction and again after the 2013 reconstruction.
Inside, with the latest reconstruction the theatre was outfitted with four new front curtains called doncho. These are by renowned Japanese artists in the Nihonga style and reflect the different seasons.

## Performances

Performances are exclusively run by Shochiku, in which the Kabuki-za Theatrical Corporation is the largest shareholder. They are nearly every day, and tickets are sold for individual acts as well as for each play in its entirety. As is the case for most kabuki venues, programs are organized monthly: each month there is a given set of plays and dances that make up the afternoon performance, and a different set comprising the evening show. These are repeated on a nearly daily schedule for three to four weeks, with the new month bringing a new program.
* Postcard depicting the original structure (1889-1911)
* Postcard depicting the theatre as rebuilt in 1911 (1911-1921)
* Postcard depicting the pre-war reconstructed theatre (1924-1945)
* Photo of the post-war reconstructed theatre (1950-2010)
* Theatre interior (2017)
# Zenon Świętosławski

Zenon Bolesław Świętosławski (December 22, 1811 in Warsaw – December 6, 1875 in St Helier, Jersey) was a Polish emigre and socialist utopian, participant of the November Uprising in 1830. He earned a living as a printer.
He was a member of the Polish Democratic Society, and co-founder and ideologist of the Gromady Rewolucyjnej Londyn in London along with Henryk Abicht, Jan Krynski and Ludwik Oborski, He published a collection of documents in exile in England.
# John Martin (Missouri politician)

John Martin (born 1968 or 1969) is an American politician who was elected member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 44th district in 2024. The district covers the eastern and southern portions of Boone County, including the cities of Centralia, Hallsville, and Ashland.
Martin holds a degree in Political Science and Economics from Southwest Baptist University and a Master of Theology degree from Midwestern Baptist Seminary. Martin is a small business owner in Columbia.
# Christopher Dickman

Christopher Richard Dickman is an Australian ecologist specialised in the ecology of small vertebrates in Australia in general, and of marsupials in particular. He is a professor in terrestrial ecology at the School of Life and Environmental Sciences of the University of Sydney, and a co-director of its Desert Ecology Research Group.

## Recognition

Dickman is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, Fellow of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales and fellow of the Zoological Society of India. In 2022 he was made an international honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He has received the Ellis Troughton Memorial Award of the Australian Mammal Society (1980), the NSW Science & Engineering Award (2010), the Clarke Medal of the Royal Society of New South Wales (2015) and a gold medal from the Ecological Society of Australia (2018).

## Books
### As author

* Secret lives of carnivorous marsupials. (Clayton South, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, 2018), 328 pp.
* A Fragile Balance: the Extraordinary Story of Australia's Marsupials. (Fishermans Bend (Vic.) : Craftsman House, 2007), 246 pp. Details
* A Zoological Revolution: Using Native Fauna to Assist in its Own Survival. (Sydney: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales and Australian Museum, 2002), 176 pp. Details

### As editor

* A Clash of Paradigms: Community and Research-Based Conservation. (Mosman: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales., 2002), 104 pp. Details
* Desert Channels: The Impulse to Conserve. (Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, 2010), 352 pp.