# Indaiatuba

Indaiatuba is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. The population is 256,223 (2020 est.) in an area of 311.5 km$^2$ (120.3 sq mi). The elevation is 624 m (2,047 ft). The city's name derives from the Tupi language. It is an important city in one of Brazil's main industrial regions.
Based on the latest IFDM social index data, Indaiatuba ranks number one of the "Top 100 best cities to live in, in Brazil".
The Federation of Industries of Rio de Janeiro, surveyed data and compared information on education, health, income and employment (including wages and formal job creation) of all the municipalities within the country and, with this data, they have created the Firjan Development Index Municipal (IFDM), which enabled the elaboration of a ranking system of the top 100 best cities to live in Brazil.
Data was collected from the Ministries of Education, Health and Labour for all municipalities.

## History

Indaiatuba was established in the late 18th century as a rural neighborhood within the town of Itu. Its location was along a route used for transporting troops and goods, contributing to its growth. The settlement, initially known as Indayatiba, was documented in a 1768 census. The area was also referred to as Cocais due to the abundance of Indaiá palm trees.
In the early 19th century, Indaiatuba was primarily an agricultural region. A significant landmark from this period is the Casarão do Pau Preto, a large house built between 1810 and 1820. The house was part of a sugar plantation and later a coffee plantation, reflecting the agricultural activity of the time.
The establishment of a chapel allowed Indaiatuba to become a local civic center. The chapel, which later became the Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Candelária, is one of the few remaining colonial-era religious buildings made of rammed earth in São Paulo. The area around the chapel developed into a town square, Largo da Candelária, which was the heart of the community.
Indaiatuba gained political autonomy from Itu in 1859 when it was elevated to the status of a village. This led to the establishment of its own Câmara de Vereadores (town council).
The arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century significantly changed Indaiatuba's urban landscape. The railroad connected the town to São Paulo, facilitating the movement of people and goods. It also led to the arrival of immigrants from various countries, who primarily engaged in agriculture and contributed to the town's economic development.
With the beginning of the Republican period in Brazil, Indaiatuba's civic center shifted to the Largo da Cadeia (currently called Praça Prudente de Moraes). The square housed important civic buildings, including the Câmara, the Cadeia (jail), and the Prefeitura (city hall).
The mid-20th century saw a period of modernization and growth in Indaiatuba. The town's economy diversified into various agricultural products and industries. The population doubled between 1954 and 1964, accompanied by the establishment of various businesses and public services.
Indaiatuba's urban development was guided by a grid plan in the 19th century, which is still preserved in its historic center. In the 1960s, the town implemented its first urban plan. Later, in the 1980s, a new plan designed by Ruy Ohtake proposed the creation of the Parque Ecológico as a central element of the town's urban expansion.
Indaiatuba has experienced rapid population growth and economic development in recent decades. The town has consistently ranked high in economic growth indices and is well-connected to the surrounding region and the world through modern highways and Viracopos International Airport.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.
The company is currently an operator of cellphones, landlines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

## Transportation

Viracopos International Airport is located 10 km from the city of Indaiatuba, with easy access via the SP-75. There are metropolitan bus lines that run this route, leaving from the Indaiatuba Bus Station directly to Viracopos and vice versa.

## Climate

Climate data for Indaiatuba, elevation 595 m (1,952 ft), (2008–2020 normals, extremes 2007–2022) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.9 (100.2) | 37.8 (100.0) | 35.5 (95.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 31.6 (88.9) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.2 (88.2) | 34.7 (94.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.2 (104.4) | 36.9 (98.4) | 36.8 (98.2) | 40.2 (104.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.0 (87.8) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.6 (83.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 29.6 (85.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 28.4 (83.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.5 (77.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 18.7 (65.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 22.2 (72.0) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 25.1 (77.2) | 22.5 (72.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 13.8 (56.8) | 12.5 (54.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 15.5 (59.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 16.5 (61.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 13.0 (55.4) | 8.7 (47.7) | 5.2 (41.4) | 1.8 (35.2) | 2.4 (36.3) | 1.7 (35.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | 10.0 (50.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 12.2 (54.0) | 1.7 (35.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 205.2 (8.08) | 144.8 (5.70) | 133.7 (5.26) | 79.4 (3.13) | 53.3 (2.10) | 64.0 (2.52) | 38.2 (1.50) | 36.6 (1.44) | 58.7 (2.31) | 84.3 (3.32) | 129.7 (5.11) | 179.5 (7.07) | 1,207.4 (47.54) |
| Source: Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas ||||||||||||||