OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ripplewood Holdings

Ripplewood is an American private equity firm based in New York City that focuses on leveraged buyouts, late stage venture, growth capital, management buyouts, leveraged recapitalizations and other illiquid investments.
Ripplewood was founded by its current CEO, Tim Collins. Managing partners include Lawrence Lavine, Harris Williams and Michael C. Duran. The company's main interests range from telecommunications to banking to entertainment. The firm manages more than $10 billion in capital.

## History

Founded in 1995, Ripplewood manages about $4.0 billion in four institutional private equity funds: Ripplewood Partners, L.P.; Ripplewood Partners II, L.P.; RHJ International, L.P. and New LTCB Partners C.V. The company invests in education publishing, telecom, automotive retail, specialty chemicals, consumer products & food manufacturing, and industrial products.
Ripplewood has invested in nearly a dozen industry groups and in companies with more than $20 billion of revenue. It has led several of the largest private equity transactions, including its takeover of the Long-Term Credit Bank, renamed Shinsei Bank, which helped restructure the Japanese economy.

## Investments

* Shinsei Bank
* Honsel International Technologies
* Kraton Polymers
* Japan Telecom
* Columbia Music Entertainment
* Denon
* Lillian Vernon
* Little Chef
* Old HB - known to the public as "Hostess Brands" and "Twinkies" - filed for bankruptcy
* The Reader's Digest Association (the company filed for bankruptcy in August 2009 and Ripplewood lost its entire investment)
* SAFT Power Systems (now renamed as AEG Power Solutions (acquired from Alcatel)
* Edwards Fine Foods (sold to Schwan Food Company in 2001)
# Volponi

Volponi (April 13, 1998 – February 14, 2025) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by trainer Philip G. Johnson's family operation, Amherst Stable, he was sired by Florida Derby winner Cryptoclearance. His dam, Prom Knight, was a daughter of the 1987 Irish Derby winner Sir Harry Lewis, who was a son of the great French runner Alleged, who won back-to-back editions of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.
In 2002, Volponi earned the most important win of his career when he won the Breeders' Cup Classic by 6½ lengths, the largest margin in the race's history at the time. In winning the Classic, Volponi overcame odds of 44-to-1 to beat an outstanding field that included runner-up Medaglia d'Oro, Milwaukee Brew, Evening Attire, Macho Uno, Hawk Wing, War Emblem, and Harlan's Holiday, among others. His longshot victory inadvertently exposed the largest betting scandal in the United States in a century.
At age five, Volponi made eight starts in 2003 without a win but had five seconds and two third-place finishes. Retired to stud duty, his offspring have met with limited success in racing. At the end of 2005, he was sent to Jeju Stud Farm in South Korea. His best runner in terms of career earnings is daughter Clearly Foxy, who won the 2007 Grade III Natalma Stakes.
Volponi died in South Korea on February 14, 2025, at the age of 27.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Volponi, bay stallion, 1998 :
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Fappiano | Mr. Prospector | Raise a Native |
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Fappiano | Mr. Prospector | Gold Digger |
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Fappiano | Killaloe | Dr. Fager |
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Fappiano | Killaloe | Grand Splendor |
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Naval Orange | Hoist The Flag | Tom Rolfe |
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Naval Orange | Hoist The Flag | Wavy Navy |
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Naval Orange | Mock Orange | Dedicate |
| Sire Cryptoclearance 1984 | Naval Orange | Mock Orange | Alablue |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Sir Harry Lewis | Alleged | Hoist The Flag |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Sir Harry Lewis | Alleged | Prince Pout |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Sir Harry Lewis | Sue Babe | Mr. Prospector |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Sir Harry Lewis | Sue Babe | Sleek Dancer |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Dancing Party | Danzig | Northern Dancer |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Dancing Party | Danzig | Pas de Nom |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Dancing Party | Irish Party | Irish Lancer |
| Dam Prom Knight 1992 | Dancing Party | Irish Party | Party Favor (family: 16-f) |
# Hari Pahlawantoro

Hari Pahlawantoro (born 26 November 1970) is an Indonesian army general who is currently serving as the Chief of the Army Procurement Services. He served in the position since 3 September 2022. Prior to his assignment, he was assigned to various territorial and combat unit, including commanding an engineer task force in the Garuda Contingent.

## Career

Hari Pahlawantoro was born on 26 November 1970. He began his career in the army after graduating from the Indonesian Military Academy in 1992. In 2004, as a major, Hari was entrusted to command an engineer task force in the 20th Garuda Contingent. His task force of 163 men was sent to Bunia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The task forces provided health services to the locals, constructed roads, and assisted the local authorities in maintaining public infrastructure in the midst of the Ituri conflict. The task force was replaced by a new one in September 2005.
After his return to Indonesia, Hari commanded several territorial units in the army, including the 9th Combat Engineers Battalion in the Army Strategic Reserve Command from 2010 to 2011 and Trenggalek Military District. He became the engineer chief of the Wirabuana Regional Military Command in Sulawesi for about a year until 27 October 2015.
Less than a month later, on 13 November 2015, Hari officially became the engineer chief of the Brawijaya Regional Military Command in East Java. He ended his tenure as engineer chief on 5 December 2017 and was reassigned as the assistant for logistics to the commander of the Brawijaya Regional Military Command.
After his stint in East Java, Hari was appointed by the Commander of the Cenderawasih Regional Military Command in Papua, Yosua Pandit Sembiring, as his expert staff in economics. He served in the position until 2020 and was posted to the Army Procurement Services as the head of the material, engineering, construction, and services procurement section. Two years later, on 3 September 2022 Hari was made as the Chief of the Army Procurement Services and he received promotion to the rank of brigadier general on 14 October 2022.
# Lintgen railway station

49°43′15″N 06°07′23″E﻿ / ﻿49.72083°N 6.12306°E﻿ / 49.72083; 6.12306
Lintgen railway station (Luxembourgish: Gare Lëntgen, French: Gare de Lintgen, German: Bahnhof Lintgen) is a railway station serving Lintgen, in central Luxembourg. It is operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, the state-owned railway company.
The station is situated on Line 10, which connects Luxembourg City to the centre and north of the country.
# Pierangelo Bertoli

Pierangelo Bertoli (5 November 1942 – 7 October 2002) was an Italian singer-songwriter and poet. Close to libertarian communist issues his works told mainly about environment, laïcité, antimilitarism and social issues regarding marginalized and rebellious people.

## Biography

Born in Sassuolo, in the Province of Modena and belonging to a working-class family, when he was four, he developed poliomyelitis and he lost use of his legs. He started his career of singer at the end of 1973 with the album Rosso colore dell'amore (1974) and one year later with the self-produced album Roca Blues. One of his most famous album was A muso duro of 1979.
In 1990, he collaborated with Elio e le Storie Tese. In 1991 (with Tazenda) and 1992 he took part to the Sanremo Music Festival.
His last album, 301 guerre fa (2002) was composed with the collaboration of his son Alberto and Luciano Ligabue. He also collaborated and released a single called "Promissas" with the Sardinian band Istentales. Bertoli died in Modena on 7 October 2002 of a heart attack due to a tumor.
Married to Bruna, Bertoli had 3 children, Emiliano, Petra and Alberto, also a singer.

## Discography

* Rosso colore dell'amore (1974)
* Roca Blues (1975)
* Eppure soffia (1976)
* Il centro del fiume (1977)
* S'at ven in meint (1978)
* A muso duro (1979)
* Certi momenti (1980)
* Album (1981)
* Frammenti (1983)
* Dalla finestra (1984)
* Petra (1985)
* Canzone d'autore (1987)
* Tra me e me (1988)
* Sedia elettrica (1989)
* Oracoli (1990)
* Italia d'oro (1992)
* Gli anni miei (1993)
* Una voce tra due fuochi (1995)
* Angoli di vita (1997)
* 301 guerre fa (2002)
* Promissas (2002, single)
# Fábiánsebestyén

Fábiánsebestyén (Hungarian pronunciation:) is a village in Csongrád county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 71.72 km$^2$ (28 sq mi) and has a population of 1970 people (2015).
# 1926–27 Celtic F.C. season

The 1926–27 Scottish football season was Celtic's 39th season of competitive football, in which they competed in the Scottish First Division and the Scottish Cup.
Celtic were unable to retain their league champions title as they ended the season third below Motherwell and champions Rangers.
However, their cup campaign proved way more successful as they reached the final for the third year in a row and they managed to win it 3-1 against surprise finalists, Division Two team East Fife.
This was Celtic's 12th Scottish Cup and their 29th major honour, a record at the time.
# DMZ Colony

DMZ Colony is a 2020 poetry collection by Korean American poet and translator Don Mee Choi, published by Wave Books. Centered around the Korean War, the book combines poetry with other forms of media, such as photographs, drawings, and oral histories. Its title refers to the Korean Demilitarized Zone between South Korea and North Korea along the 38th parallel north. Choi's third book of poetry, it won the National Book Award for Poetry in 2020.

## Critical Reception

Publishers Weekly, in a starred review, called the book a "stunning third collection" and "a feat of docupoetics, collage, and translation". It would later be included on their Best Books 2020 list.
Several critics, like those in American Poets and The Los Angeles Review, lauded Choi's experimental usage of language to interrogate the Korean War. Critics also examined the particular choices which Choi made in her translations of primary source material, viewing certain instances of untranslatability or mistranslation as a parallel to the inexplicability of Choi's subject matter of war, borders, and colonization. The Chicago Review of Books, in particular, noted that the book "imagines the DMZ as an abundant poetic and intertextual landscape, and an axis in relation to which she carries out her trademark translational, transnational, and transliteral experiments."
The book was a finalist for the Poetry Society of America's Four Quartets Prize in 2021.
# Jayiram Samal

Jayiram Samal (born 1948), also known as Jayee, is an India actor known for his comic roles in Odia cinema (Ollywood). He is accredited in over 300 works, including films, television serials, and plays. He started his career in the 1970s as a comic actor. He was known for his trademark laugh. He has also appeared in negative roles in some films.
In 2008, Samal was presented with a Lifetime Achievement award at the 40th Banichitra Awards presented by the Banichitra film magazine along with singer Raghunath Panigrahi.

## Filmography

* 2013 Om Sai Tujhe Salaam
* 2002 Sindura Nuhein Khela Ghara
* 1997 Sabitree
* 1996 Jeevan Saathi
* 1994 Gadhi Janile Ghara Sundar
* 1992 Anti Churi Tanti Kate
* 1988 Thili Jhia Heli Bohu
* 1987 Jor Jaar Mulak Taar
* 1987 Tunda Baaida
* 1985 Hakim Babu
* 1985 Jaga Hatare Pagha
* 1984 Jaaiphula
* 1984 Jaga Balia
* 1984 Janani
* 1984 Pratidhwani
* 1983 Jheeati Sita Pari
* 1983 Kaberi
* 1983 Swapna Sagara
* 1982 Basanti Apa
* 1982 Mu O Se Tume
* 1981 Arati
* 1981 Bilwa Mangala
* 1981 Maana Abhiman
* 1980 Danda Balunga
* 1979 Sautuni
* 1978 Balidan
* 1978 Janmadata
* 1978 Pati Patni
* 1977 Naga Phasa
* 1977 Ae Nuhen Kahani
* 1976 Krishna Sudama
* 1975 Jajabara
# Anaranya

Anaranya (2) (Sanskrit: अनारण्य, romanized: anaaraṇya) is a king of the Suryavamsha (Solar dynasty) featured in Hindu literature. His legend is described in the Hindu epic Ramayana. he was killed by ravana. His son Prishadashva became the new king.

## Legend

Anaranya is a descendant of Ikshvaku, and a king of Ayodhya. According to the Ramayana, after the rakshasa king Ravana gained the Pashupatastra from Shiva, he declared war against humans, and decided to battle Anaranya. A fierce battle ensued between their forces. Due to the sorcery employed by the rakshasas, Anaranya, along with his army, were defeated. He was thrown away from his chariot after being struck down by Ravana's mace. Even as the rakshasa derided the king and his dynasty, Anaranya issued a curse that Ravana would meet his end by one of his descendants from the same dynasty. This curse comes true when Rama defeats Ravana.
# Jerry McNertney

Gerald Edward McNertney (born August 7, 1936) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher in 1964 and then from 1966 to 1973.

## Career

Born in Boone, Iowa, McNertney signed with the Chicago White Sox in 1958 after attending Gilbert High School and Iowa State University. During his first three seasons in minor league baseball, he was a first baseman and outfielder and converted to catcher in his fourth professional season, 1961, while playing for the Charleston White Sox of the Class A South Atlantic League.
Despite his late conversion, McNertney developed into a good defensive catcher and made his major league debut at the age of 27 with the White Sox in 1964. He played in 1964 and from 1966 to 1973 for the White Sox, Seattle Pilots / Milwaukee Brewers, St. Louis Cardinals, and Pittsburgh Pirates. McNertney led American League catchers in 1967 with a 54.8% caught stealing percentage.
McNertney was the regular catcher for the Pilots in 1969—the only year the franchise played in the Pacific Northwest—where he reached career highs in at bats (410), home runs (8) and runs batted in (55). 1969 was also his best year defensively as he led the league's catchers in base runners caught stealing and finished second in assists and in putouts.
McNertney was the last player to bat in Seattle Pilots history, striking out for the final out of the team's final game on October 2, 1969. The 1969 Seattle Pilots season was immortalized by the book Ball Four, written by his Seattle teammate, Jim Bouton. McNertney played in his final major league game for the Pittsburgh Pirates on June 15, 1973 at the age of 36.

## Career statistics

In a nine-year major league career, McNertney played in 590 games, accumulating 337 hits in 1,423 at bats for a .237 career batting average, along with 27 home runs, 163 runs batted in and an on-base percentage of .298. He had a career fielding percentage of .987.

## Coaching career

After his playing career ended, McNertney was the bullpen coach for the New York Yankees in 1984 and for the Boston Red Sox during the latter half of the 1988 season, after coaching in the Yankees' farm system during the early 1980s.
# Exposure

Exposure or Exposures may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Films

* Exposure (1932 film), an American film
* Exposure, another name for the 1991 movie A Grande Arte starring Peter Coyote
* Exposure (2023 film), an American psychological thriller film

### Literature

* Exposure (Peet novel), a 2008 sports novel by Mal Peet
* Exposure (Reichs novel), a 2014 novel in the Virals series by Kathy and Brendan Reichs
* Exposure: Poisoned Water, Corporate Greed, and One Lawyer's Twenty-Year Battle Against DuPont, a 2019 book by Robert Bilott
* Exposure, a 2016 novel by Helen Dunmore
* "Exposure", a 1918 poem by Wilfred Owen

### Music

* The Exposures, a stage name of German electronic musician Jan Jelinek

#### Albums

* Exposure (Exposé album), 1987
* Exposure (Robert Fripp album), released in 1979
* Exposure (Gary Numan album), a compilation album, 2002
* Exposure (Esperanza Spalding album), 2017
* Exposures – In Retrospect and Denial, a 2004 compilation album by metal band Dark Tranquility

#### Songs

* "Exposure", a song from Projector by Dark Tranquillity
* "Exposure", a song from Discoveries by Northlane
* "Exposure", a song from the self-titled 1978 album Peter Gabriel

### Photography

* Exposure (photography), the quantity of light or other radiation reaching a photographic film
* Exposure value, a value given to all combinations of camera shutter speed and aperture that gives the same exposure

### Television
#### Series

* Exposure (American TV series), a short film anthology series on Sci-Fi Channel from 2000–2002
* Exposure (British TV series), a current affairs strand on ITV which began in 2011

#### Episodes

* "Exposure" (Dark Angel)
* "Exposure" (The Unit)

### Other uses in arts and entertainment

* Exposure (magic), revealing magicians' secrets
* Exposure (sculpture), a 2010 steel frame sculpture located in the Netherlands
* Exposure, a webcomic from Red Giant Entertainment

## Law

* Exposure, potential for legal damages
* Exposure, child abandonment

## Other uses

* Exposure (heights), in climbing and hiking, a terrain likely to cause injury when falling
* Exposure, an insurance company's potential to provide coverage under an insurance policy
* Indecent exposure, the display of unclothed parts of the human body that is against local custom and law
* Exposure (infant), a form of child abandonment
* Market exposure, a measure of the proportion of money invested in the same industry sector
# David Chadwick (Liberal Democrat politician)

David Wain Chadwick (born 1991 or 1992) is a British politician who has been the Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Brecon, Radnor and Cwm Tawe since the 2024 UK general election.
Chadwick currently sits on the Liberal Democrat frontbench team as their Spokesman for Wales.

## Early life

Chadwick grew up in Gloucestershire, to a mother from Maesteg. At the age of 19 he was accepted into the Army Intelligence Corps, but had to drop out due to "over-training". He then went to study international studies at Leiden University.
In 2012, he was hit by a car, which split his leg in two, which took 3 months to recover from. When in 2014, he decided to move his studies to Argentina, he had yellow fever vaccination which triggered a rare condition called Guillain-Barré syndrome. This caused him to become "totally paralysed".
In 2017, Chadwick attended St Cross College, Oxford, where he studied a master's degree in European History.

## Political career

Chadwick contested North Dorset in the 2019 general election. He was selected to stand for the Brecon, Radnor and Cwm Tawe in 2024 UK general election in 2022. He won the seat with a majority of 1,472 votes, becoming the only Lib Dem MP in Wales.
Chadwick's political focuses are rural depopulation and agriculture.
On 18 September 2024, Ed Davey announced his new Frontbench Team. David Chadwick became Spokesperson for Wales within the team.

## Personal life

He lives in Brecon with his wife and son.
# Denning

Denning can refer to:

## Places

* Denning (lunar crater), a crater located on the far side of the Moon
* Denning (Martian crater), a crater on Mars
* Denning (Munich), a district of Munich, Germany
* Denning, New York, a town in Ulster County, New York, US
* Denning, Arkansas, a town in Franklin County, Arkansas, US

## People

* Blaine Denning (1930–2016), American basketball player
* Chris Denning (1941–2022), British disc jockey
* Dorothy E. Denning (born 1945), American information security researcher
* Rev. James Denning (1814–1875), Anglican clergyman
* Margaret B. Denning (1856–1935), American missionary and temperance worker
* Norman Denning (1904–1979), British officer of the Royal Navy and brother of Reginald and Tom Denning
* Peter J. Denning (born 1942), American computer scientist
* Sir Reginald Denning (1894–1990), British army officer
* Richard Denning (1914–1998), American actor
* Richard J Denning (born 1967), British author
* Robert Denning (1927–2005), American socialite and interior designer
* Scott Denning, American atmospheric scientist
* Sheila Mary Denning (1920–2015), British artist
* Tom Denning, Baron Denning (1899–1999), British lawyer and judge
* Troy Denning (born 1958), American writer
* William A. Denning (1817–1856) American jurist and politician
* William Frederick Denning (1848–1931), British amateur astronomer

## Other

* Denning, a form of hibernation
* Denning Manufacturing Australian bus manufacturer
# Mohar Singh (dacoit)

Mohar Singh Gurjar (1926 or 1927 – May 5, 2020) was a former dacoit bandit turned political leader. He was one of the most dreaded dacoits of the Chambal valley in the 1960s. Singh had 315 cases against him, of which 85 were murder cases.

## Criminal career and life

He had become a dacoit after murdering a man over a property dispute in the year 1955. Mohar Singh carried a reward of 12 Lakh rupees now about 1.5crores on his head in the late 1960s and '70s. He surrendered in front of Jayaprakash Narayan in 1972 along with his gang of over 150 dacoits.
At the time of his surrender, as part of the negotiation, he was promised that he would not be given a death sentence and was kept in an open prison. He was given agricultural land by the government as a means of livelihood.

## Politics

After serving eight years in prison Mohar Singh was released in 1980 and entered into local politics. He was elected unopposed in a local body election in 1995. He was elected to Mehgaon municipality and served as a councilor for two terms in the 1990s. He was associated with Indian National Congress, he later supported Bharatiya Janata Party in Madhya Pradesh.
In September 2019, Singh had written a letter to the prime minister Narendra Modi for the restoration of the Bateswara temple, a historic structure, which was constructed by the Gurjara-Pratiharas.

## Death

He died on 5th May 2020 at the age of 92. He was survived by his two sons and a daughter.

## In popular culture

Mohar Singh starred in a 1982 Hindi film named, Chambal Ke Daku, which marketed with the tagline: 'first time real dacoits on-screen'.
In May 2006, it was reported that a film named Pakad was being made, featuring three dacoits Malkhan Singh, Man Singh and Mohar Singh and the story was reported to be written by M. C. Dwivedi, former chief of police of Uttar Pradesh.
# Catherine of Bourbon, Duchess of Guelders

Catherine of Bourbon (1440 in Liège – 21 May 1469 in Nijmegen) was Duchess of Guelders from 1465-1469 by her marriage to Adolf, Duke of Guelders. She was a daughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon and his wife Agnes of Burgundy.

## Marriage and issue

Both before and after his accession to the throne Catherine was on several occasions proposed as a bride for Edward IV of England. The marriage negotiations came to nothing, and Edward went on to astonish his own people, and the Courts of Europe, by marrying for love Elizabeth Woodville, the daughter of an obscure knight.
On 28 December 1463 in Bruges, she married Adolf II, Duke of Guelders, who succeeded his father Arnold as Duke of Guelders in 1465. Catherine and Adolf had twin children:
* Philippa (1467-1547), who married in 1485 with René II, Duke of Lorraine (1451-1508)
* Charles (1467-1538), who later became Duke of Guelders (1492–1538)
Catherine died in 1469 and was buried in the St. Stephen Church in Nijmegen.
# Vanished Kingdoms

Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe (sometimes referred to with another subtitle as Vanished Kingdoms: Exploring Europe's Lost Realms) is a history book about fourteen former European countries, such as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Kingdom of Aragon and Prussia, written by the English historian Norman Davies. It was published by Allen Lane in 2011.

## Reception

On The Omnivore, an aggregator of British press reviews, the book received an "omniscore" of 4.5 out of 5.