# Gapan

Gapan, officially the City of Gapan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Gapan, Ilocano: Siudad ti Gapan, Kapampangan: Ciudad/Lakanbalen ning Gapan), is a component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 122,968 people.
Gapan is nicknamed the "Footwear Capital of the North" due to the thriving footwear making industry in the city.

## History

Historical records called the town Ibon. Gapan was a town of Pampanga in the 16th century.
During Spanish rule, in 1595, Gapan was reinstituted as a Catholic Christian town by the Spanish priests Contres Tendilla, Caballo, and Salazar. This makes Gapan the oldest town in Nueva Ecija and one of the oldest in the Philippines under Spanish rule. The town had a large jurisdiction embracing an area as far as Cabanatuan in the north, which was its barangay with the name Cabanatuan before it separated in 1750; the Sierra Madre in the east; San Miguel, Bulacan in the south; and Candaba, Pampanga in the west. Most of the original settlers in Gapan were Tagalogs from Bulacan and Morong (now Rizal Province) and Kapampangans; other early settlers came from Ilocos and Tayabas (now Quezon Province). Gapan, along with Aliaga, Cabiao, San Antonio, and San Isidro, were transferred to the province of Nueva Ecija in 1848.
After the 1898 Philippine independence, some of the town's former districts became distinct towns until it remained to comprise only what are now the towns of Peñaranda, General Tinio, and San Leonardo (formerly called Manikling), all of which belong to Nueva Ecija province.
In 1982, the Gapan massacre occurred after the Marcos-controlled military killed a family, including children, in the town.

### Cityhood

By virtue of Republic Act No. 9022 and its ratification in a plebiscite subsequently held on August 25, 2001, Gapan was converted into a component city of Nueva Ecija. Ernesto L. Natividad became the first city mayor of Gapan.

## Geography

Gapan is located in the southern part of the province. It is bounded to the north by Peñaranda and San Leonardo, to the east by the Gen. Tinio, to the south by San Miguel in neighboring Bulacan province, and to the west by San Isidro.
Gapan is 23 kilometers (14 mi) from Cabanatuan, 37 kilometers (23 mi) from Palayan, and 93 kilometers (58 mi) from Manila.

### Climate

Climate data for Gapan, Nueva Ecija :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 33 (91) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 5 (0.2) | 11 (0.4) | 66 (2.6) | 99 (3.9) | 127 (5.0) | 113 (4.4) | 99 (3.9) | 84 (3.3) | 35 (1.4) | 14 (0.6) | 661 (26.1) |
| Average rainy days | 2.2 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 16.1 | 20.8 | 23.5 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 16.5 | 8.9 | 3.5 | 146.9 |
| Source: Meteoblue(modeled/calculated data, not measured locally) ||||||||||||||

### Barangays Captains of Gapan City, Nueva Ecija

Gapan is politically subdivided into 23 barangays. Each barangay consist of puroks and some have sitios.
* Balante
* Bayanihan
* Bulak
* Bungo
* Kapalangan
* Mabuga
* Maburak
* Macabaklay (Macabaclay)
* Mahipon
* Malimba
* Mangino
* Marelo
* Pambuan
* Parcutela
* Puting Tubig
* San Lorenzo (Poblacion)
* San Nicolas
* San Roque
* San Vicente (Poblacion)
* Santa Cruz
* Santo Cristo Norte
* Santo Cristo Sur
* Santo Niño

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1903 | 11,278 | — |
| 1918 | 13,617 | +1.26% |
| 1939 | 23,324 | +2.60% |
| 1948 | 25,719 | +1.09% |
| 1960 | 32,514 | +1.97% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1970 | 45,426 | +3.40% |
| 1975 | 50,506 | +2.15% |
| 1980 | 60,014 | +3.51% |
| 1990 | 70,489 | +1.62% |
| 1995 | 77,735 | +1.85% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2000 | 89,199 | +2.99% |
| 2007 | 98,795 | +1.42% |
| 2010 | 101,488 | +0.98% |
| 2015 | 110,303 | +1.60% |
| 2020 | 122,968 | +2.16% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :

### Languages

Tagalog is the main dialect of Gapan. Kapampangan and Ilocano are also used.

## Economy

Poverty Incidence of Gapan
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 2000 35.82
* 2003 13.44
* 2006 14.90
* 2009 14.01
* 2012 12.46
* 2015 14.55
* 2018 5.35
* 2021 12.26
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Current major sources of income include farming, slipper making, fishponds, poultry and piggery, and commercial establishments.
The city of Gapan held tremendous promise not only in its natural resources but also in its potentials in agri-base industries and in footwear industries which help sustain its virtual role in agricultural and industrial production. Commercial and trade activities in the city are further accelerated by the influx of financing lending institution and new businesses.
Like its sister city, Cabanatuan, Gapan also houses major shopping hubs in the province. The two major Philippine mall chains, Walter Mart and Robinsons Malls, has already established its presence in the city. Currently, major shopping centers in the city include: Walter Mart Gapan; Robinsons Gapan, Primark Town Center Gapan, Puregold, RCS Gapan, NOVO Gapan, Sansu Mall, Wilcon Depot, AllHome Gapan, A&S Drugmart, STM Drugmart. Gapan has also several local grocery, department, and hardware stores.

## Government
### Elected Barangay officials

Elected Officials of Gapan City (2022–2025) :
| Position | Name |
| District Representative (4th Legislative District of the Province of Nueva Ecija) | Emerson D. Pascual |
| Chief Executive of the City of Gapan | Mayor Emary Joy D. Pascual |
| Presiding Officer of the City Council of Gapan | Vice Mayor Inocencio T. Bautista Jr. |
| Members of the City Council | Jeffrey D. Bautista |
| Members of the City Council | Ronald Allan C. Yu |
| Members of the City Council | Gemma C. Pangilinan |
| Members of the City Council | Ryan T. Tecson |
| Members of the City Council | Pedro G. delos Santos |
| Members of the City Council | Jay Mark H. Mariano |
| Members of the City Council | Amelia P. Hernandez |
| Members of the City Council | Geraldo T. Matias |
| Members of the City Council | Eliser R. Padiernos |
| Members of the City Council | Danilo A. de Guzman |

## Transportation

Gapan serves many bus companies operating provincial and regional routes. Jeepney operators serve routes within the province with some reaching as far to nearby towns in Nueva Ecija. Much of the city's population rely on public transportation such as tricycles and jeeps to get around the city.
Two main highways serve the city of Gapan: Maharlika Highway and Jose Abad Santos Avenue. Maharlika Highway (or Pan-Philippine Highway) is the main highway traversing the city where most vehicles going to Cagayan Valley pass through. It links Gapan to its nearby city of Cabanatuan and town of San Miguel in the province of Bulacan. It also allows travelers to reach towns of Sta. Rosa and San Leonardo. On the other hand, Jose Abad Santos Avenue is the highway that links Gapan to the towns of San Isidro and Cabiao, where the road continues straightforward, again turning westward then eastward, entering Pampanga, and passes through Pampanga River.
One proposed expressway will pass through Gapan if built: it would be the North Luzon East Expressway (Quezon City to Cabanatuan).

## Tourism

Attractions:
* Lumang Gapan or Little Vigan
* National Shrine of La Virgen Divina Pastora - The center of Marian pilgrimages during the months of April and May is the National Shrine of Virgen La Divina Pastora as declared by the Catholic Bishops Conference in 1986
* Gapan City Plaza
* Gapan City Ferris Wheel

## Healthcare

* Good Samaritan General Hospital - a private hospital located at Don Simeon St, Gapan.
* Gapan District Hospital - a public hospital located at Divina Pastora Street, Divina Pastora Subdivision, Gapan.
* Dr. J.P. Cruz Cancer Clinic
* other clinics (dental, skin, etc.)

## Education

* Divina Pastora College
* Asian Institute of E-commerce (AIE) - Gapan Campus
* Gapan Computer Technical Institute
* Allen Institute of Technology
* College for Research and Technology
* Gapan City College formerly Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology – Gapan Academic Extension Campus
* Gapan City Technical School
* Provincial Manpower Training Center (Technical School)
* Kinect Academy Inc.
* Glorious Hope Academy
* SKD Academy Gapan Campus

## Notable personalities

* Mariano Llanera, the Revolutionary General of the battle Cry of Nueva Ecija in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.
* General Pantaleon Valmonte, the capitan municipal of Gapan who, together with General Mariano Llanera, capitan municipal of Cabiao, launched the "First Cry of Nueva Ecija" against the Spanish rule on September 2, 1896.
* Juan Liwag - former Senator of the Philippines
* Nida Blanca - award-winning actress
* Ryza Cenon - actress
* Eula Valdez - actress
* Joe Taruc - DZRH news anchor
* Frankie Evangelista Former TV Patrol News Anchor
* Coleen Perez - actress
* Daniel Figueroa - actor
* Deo Macalma - Radio and Television Anchor MBC and DZRH

## Sister cities

* Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija
* Cabiao, Nueva Ecija

## Gallery

* Lumang Gapan (Little Vigan)
* Gapan City Plaza
* City park
* Dry Market and the Water District