OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Badminton Asia

Badminton Asia is the governing body of badminton in Asia. It is one of the five continental bodies under the flag of the Badminton World Federation. Established in 1959, it was headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia until it moved to Maldives briefly in 2021. In 2023, it was announced that it would be moved back to Malaysia. It aims to maintain Asia as the benchmark for world badminton in many years to come. It now has 43 member federations. At the Annual General Meeting in July 2006, the name of the confederation was changed from Asian Badminton Confederation to Badminton Asia Confederation.
During Badminton Asia Extraordinary General Meeting on 16 October 2015 in Kuwait, the organization re-branded itself by unveiling the new logo for the confederation renaming the organization as Badminton Asia.

## Member associations

Zones:

### West (11)

* Bahrain
* Iran
* Iraq
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Palestine
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* United Arab Emirates

### Central (5)

* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Tajikistan
* Turkmenistan
* Uzbekistan

### South (8)

* Afghanistan
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* India
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Sri Lanka

### East (8)

* China
* Hong Kong
* Japan
* Macau
* Mongolia
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Taiwan

### Southeast (11)

* Brunei
* Cambodia
* Indonesia
* Laos
* Malaysia
* Myanmar
* Philippines
* Singapore
* Thailand
* Timor Leste
* Vietnam

### Associate members

* Oman
* Yemen

## Tournaments

| Tournament | Latest | Champions | Next |
| Asia Championships | 2024 | Various | 2025 |
| Asia Team Championships | 2024 | China India | 2026 |
| Asia Mixed Team Championships | 2025 | Indonesia | 2027 |
* Asia Junior Championships (1997–)
* Asia U17 & U15 Championships (2006–)
* Asia Para Championships (2008–)
* Asia Senior Championships (2020–)
# John Russell, 4th Earl Russell

John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987), styled Viscount Amberley from 1931 to 1970, was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. His middle name was a tribute to the writer Joseph Conrad, whom his father had long admired. He was the great-grandson of the 19th-century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 2 February 1970.

## Education

John Russell was educated at the progressive Dartington Hall School, the University of California, Los Angeles and Harvard University. Upon leaving Harvard in 1943 he returned to Britain and enlisted in the Royal Naval Reserve. In the Reserve, he learned the Japanese language.

## Career

Russell had a distinguished early career, working for the FAO among other organisations, but in later life he was diagnosed as schizophrenic. This made him the only person in the United Kingdom to be denied the vote on two counts, first, for being a peer and, second, for being insane. He delivered a speech in the House of Lords on 18 July 1978 that was considered so outlandish that it was claimed to be the only speech unrecorded by Hansard, although it is included in the online version while lacking the final section that he had written but failed to read aloud after being interrupted.

## Personal life

He was married on 28 August 1946 to Susan Doniphan Lindsay, daughter of the poet Vachel Lindsay. They were divorced in 1955. They had three daughters: Lady Felicity Anne Russell (born 2 September 1945), Lady Sarah Elizabeth Russell (born 16 January 1946), and Lady Lucy Catherine Russell (21 July 1948 – 11 April 1975). Neither Sarah nor Lucy married or bore children; Felicity had one daughter, Rowan. Like their father and mother, the three daughters had mental illnesses. Lucy, who was Bertrand Russell's favourite grandchild, died from self-immolation, at the age of 26, in the forecourt of a church near Penzance, ostensibly protesting in the cause of world peace. Like her father Lucy was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Russell was succeeded as Earl by his half-brother, the historian Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell.
# American School of Paris

The American School of Paris (ASP), established in 1946, is a coeducational, independent international school in Saint-Cloud, France, in the Paris metropolitan area.
The school has over 800 students from pre-kindergarten to Grade 12 and post-Bac. Located on a private 10.5 acre (40,000+ m$^2$) campus on the edge of Paris, ASP provides an American education to an international student body of more than 50 nationalities.

## School overview

ASP is organized into three divisions: Lower School (Early Childhood through Grade 5, or 3–10 years old), Middle School (Grades 6-8, or ages 11–13) and Upper School (Grades 9-12 and post-Bac, or 14–18 years old). Approximately one-third of the students are American, and 17% are French. The other half of the students come from over 50 countries.
Approximately 75% of students are expatriates with parents serving diplomatic or corporate posts in the Paris region. ASP offers a transportable education, thus students are able to transition from and to schools in the United States and elsewhere with little disruption.
Class sizes are small, and except for foreign language courses, are delivered in English. ASP accepts students who do not speak English up to the age of 8 and has extensive support programs for English as an Additional Language (EAL) learning for those students, as well as other support services for students from age 3 to Grade 12. ASP graduates matriculate at colleges and universities in the USA and around the world.

## Notable alumni

* General James L. Jones '62. President Obama's National Security Advisor and supreme allied commander, Europe
* Adam Cohen '91. Singer, songwriter, and music producer
* Geoff Chutter ’70. Founder, president, and CEO of WhiteWater West, the world's largest creator of water parks
* Elissa Freiha '08. Angel investor and founder of WOMENA
* Dexter Goei '89. American businessman, former chief executive office (CEO) of Altice
* Eva Green '97. French actress and model
* Chris Stills '93. Musician and actor
* Tim Westergren '84. Founder and CEO, Pandora
* Francesca Zambello '74. General & artistic director of Glimmerglass Festival
* Charles Martinet '74. Voice actor known primarily for providing the voice of Mario in the Super Mario franchise from 1991 to 2023
* Mark Landler ‘83. New York Times London Bureau Chief
# Masonic Temple (Springfield, Massachusetts)

The Masonic Temple is an historic former Masonic building at 339–341 State Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. The four story Neo-Classical building was built in 1923 to serve as the headquarters of the local Masonic lodge. It occupies a prominent position opposite the Springfield Armory, just outside the downtown area. The building, which is no longer owned by the Masons, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
The first Masonic lodge was established in Springfield in 1817. Between then and the early 1920s, Masonic organizations in the city met in a variety of places, including the town hall, and facilities in an insurance company building. The various lodges banded together to build their first dedicated space in 1893 at the corner of State and Main Streets. In the 1920s a fund drive was organized to construct a new facility. The firm of Edward McClintock and Charles Craig, both active Masons, was hired to design the building, which was built by A.E. Stephens beginning in October 1923, and formally dedicated in June 1924.
Unlike the lodge built in 1893 (in which the ground floor contained retail space), the entire building was used for lodge purposes. The main entrance opened into a two-story foyer with marble floors and staircase, and was decorated with Greek Doric columns. The first floor housed two Blue Lodge facilities, one with space for 240 people the other for 450. Each of these rooms had inlaid cork floors and limestone walls, and house a pipe organ. The balance of the first floor included a reception area, and a meeting room for the lodge trustees. A mezzanine area had an office for the blue lodge secretary and a fireproof vault.
The second floor housed a large space devoted to York Rite activities. The large space accommodated 500 people and was, like the first floor chambers, floored in inlaid cork, with limestone walls and a pipe organ. The chamber also had an arcade supported by pillars. Smaller offices and storage rooms line the remainder of this level, and there was again a mezzanine area with more storage. The third floor had the largest space in the building. With a capacity of 1,500, including 300 in a balcony, this chamber was used for Scottish Rite ceremonies, and featured a large and elaborate stage flanked by the pipes of an organ.
On November 10, 1983, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was acquired in 2007 by the Archdiocese of New England of the International Communion of the Holy Christian Orthodox Church, which made substantial renovations, converting some of the space into an art gallery, and repurposing others for religious use. The archdiocese had financial difficulties, and the property was sold at a foreclosure auction to its mortgage holder in January 2012.
# Hero (2019 Trinidad and Tobago film)

Hero, also released as Hero: Inspired by the Extraordinary Life of Mr. Ulric Cross, is a Trinidad and Tobago dramatic film inspired by the life of the Trinidadian RAF officer, lawyer and diplomat Ulric Cross (1917–2013). It was produced and directed by Frances-Anne Solomon and won an award in the 2019 Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Diaspora Narrative Feature Film category.

## Synopsis

In 1941, Ulric Cross, a young man from Trinidad, leaves his island home to seek his fortune. He emerges from World War II as the RAF's most decorated West Indian. His life takes a dramatically different course when he follows the call of history, and joins the independence movements sweeping Africa in the 1950s and '60s.
Reviewed in The Guardian, the film was described as "stimulating and provocative – filmed history that means to prompt debate, rather than light matinee snoozing."

## Cast

* Nickolai Salcedo as Ulric Cross
* Pippa Nixon as Ann Cross
* Peter Williams as Anthony "Pony" MacFarlane
* Eric Kofi Abrefa as Kofi Mensah
* Jessica B. Hill as Nicola Cross
* Joseph Marcell as C. L. R. James
* Fraser James as George Padmore
* Jimmy Akingbola as Kwame Nkrumah
* John Dumelo as P. K. Asante
* Valerie Buhagiar as Daphne Park
* Prince David Osei as Mobutu Sese Seko
* O. C. Ukeje as Julius Nyerere
* Tessa Alexander as Ulric's Mother
* Adjetey Anang as Patrice Lumumba
* Ekow Smith Asante as Edouardo Mondlane
* Sam Asante as Journalist
* Jonathan Blaize as Young Ulric
* Ayinde Blake as RAF Pilot
# List of the oldest buildings in Delaware

This article attempts to list the oldest extant buildings surviving in the state of Delaware in the United States of America, including the oldest houses in Delaware and any other surviving structures. Some dates are approximate and based upon dendrochronology, architectural studies, and historical records. Sites on the list are generally from the First Period of American architecture or earlier. To be listed here a site must:
* date from prior to 1776; or
* be the oldest building in a county, large city, or oldest of its type (church, government building, etc.),
| Building | Location | First Built | Use | Notes |
| Block House | Claymont, Delaware | 1654 | Defense | Possibly the oldest building in Delaware, however, some date the building to ca. 1723 |
| Ryves Holt House | Lewes, Delaware | 1665 | Residence | Likely the oldest house in Delaware |
| Town Point | Dover, Delaware | 1677 | Residence | |
| Lombardy Hall | Wilmington, Delaware | 1683 (earliest part) | Residence | National Historic Landmark (NHL), home to Gunning Bedford Jr., a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and a signer of the U.S. Constitution. |
| Belmont Hall | Smyrna, Delaware | 1685 (earliest part) | Residence | large Georgian addition built about 1753 by Thomas Collins, who would become the sixth governor of Delaware. |
| Hendrickson House | Wilmington, Delaware from Chester, Pennsylvania | 1690 | Residence | Moved from Chester, PA to Wilmington, DE in 1958 |
| Holy Trinity Church (Old Swedes) | Wilmington, Delaware | 1698 | Religious | Oldest Swedish Church in the United States |
| Brecknock | Camden, Delaware | ca. 1700 | Residence | |
| Dutch House | Newcastle, Delaware | 1701 | Residence | Built either in the mid 1690s or 1701. Historic home and museum |
| Maston House | Seaford, Delaware 1703 Historic Home and residence | Woodstock House | [Wilmington, Delaware] | 1727 | Residence |
| New Castle County Court House | New Castle, Delaware | 1732 | Government | One of the oldest continuously used courthouses in America |
| Prince George's Chapel | Dagsboro, Delaware | 1755 | Religious | Episcopal chapel of ease |
| Barratt's Chapel | Frederica, Delaware | 1780 | Religious | Oldest Methodist church building in the U.S. |
| Pratt House | Milford, Delaware | 1785 | Residential | Former home of the influential Pratt family. |
# Lathrop House

The Lathrop House, also known as the Bryan Lathrop House, is a Georgian style house at 120 E Bellevue Place in the Gold Coast neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. The house was built in 1892 by McKim, Mead & White for Bryan Lathrop. In 1922 the house was sold to the Fortnightly Club. The club still occupies the building. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on May 9, 1973, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# Gold Flex

Gold Flex is a non-woven fabric manufactured by Honeywell from Kevlar, and is often used in ballistic vests and body armor. Gold Flex is lighter than woven Kevlar, Twaron and other Ballistic material. Gold Flex is a laminated material consisting of cross-laid, non-woven fibers in a resin matrix. The fibers are laid straight and not in a woven fabric configuration. When an object strikes this material, a "web" of its clusters absorb the impact and minimizes penetration.
Honeywell describes "Gold Shield" as being almost identical, only either using two plies instead of four, or using a different resin, depending on version. Both products use Honeywell's patented "Shield" technology, which is present in their Spectra Shield.

## Protection

Gold Flex gives resistance to abrasion and resists organic solvents making it non-conductive and non-flammable. Its degradation point starts at 500 °C (932 °F) and it has no melting point. It is sensitive to salts, acids, and ultraviolet radiation. GolfFlex also causes static build up. Protection is also based on the pressure of the impact. Some of these fabrics are only designed with hand-guns in mind basically making anything with a bigger caliber a threat potential. One cannot wear a GoldFlex and expect a large caliber round (E.G .50 BMG round) to be stopped from penetrating it. Also GoldFlex is not the only material that is responsible for minimizing penetration and absorbing the attack. Along with GoldFlex there are other layers on top of this fabric to ensure that the object does not penetrate through the material.

### Armor

When a bullet strikes the body armor, it hits ballistic fibers which are strong enough to not penetrate through. This fiber absorbs and disperses the impact that has been made by the bullet to the body armor. This process continues and every layer of this material is effected until the bullet has come to a full stop. All layers combined form a larger area of the impact to disperse and keep the bullet from penetrating the carrier. This helps in reducing the risk of blunt force trauma.

## Production

Element Table :
| Characteristics |
| Roll Weight | Pounds | 122.7 |
| Width | Inches | 63.0 |
| Length | Feet | 492 |
| Total Area Density | Testing Method | ASTM D3776-96 (2002) |

## Comparison with other materials

Kevlar is five times stronger than steel of equivalent weight. It was invented by a Polish-American chemist Stephanie Kwolek and introduced in the 1970s. It is used for body armor and racing tires but is more expensive than Gold Flex. Twaron is another alternative to Gold Flex but is not much in demand. Occasionally several materials are used in one product.
# Forever (Cranes album)

Forever is the second studio album by English rock band Cranes. It was released on 26 April 1993 by Dedicated Records.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | |
Melody Maker ranked Forever as the 24th best album of 1993.
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Ned Raggett stated that Forever saw Cranes building on the mixture of "elegant restraint" and "brusque power" that characterised their 1991 debut album Wings of Joy. He noted that Forever "went to extremes in both directions – the quieter moments were even more hushed and shadowed, the louder points all that much more whip-snap cruel."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alison Shaw and Jim Shaw

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
Cranes
* Matt Cope – guitar
* Mark Francombe – guitar, keyboards
* Alison Shaw – vocals, bass
* Jim Shaw – drums, guitar, keyboards, bass
Additional musicians
* The Falseharmonics – strings on "Golden"
* Audrey Riley – string arrangements on "Golden"
Production
* Cranes – production, engineering
* Giles Hall – engineering
* Marcus Lindsay – engineering
* Andy Wilkinson – engineering
Design
* Miles Aldridge – photography
* John Barnbrook – Cranes logo design
* Albert Tupelo – design

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 40 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 4 |
# Najmuddin Ali Khan

Najmuddin Ali Khan or Najm ud-din Ali Khan, better known as Najm-ud-Daulah (or Nazam-ud-Daulah) (c. 1747 – 8 May 1766), was the Nawab of Bengal and Bihar from 1765 to 1766. He was the second son of Mir Jafar.
Najm-ud-Daulah was crowned as the Nawab following the death of his father Mir Jafar. During his coronation he was only 15 years old. He ascended to the throne on 5 February 1765.
In 1765 after the victory in the Battle of Buxar the British had formally gained Dewani of Bengal and Bihar from Shah Alam II. The Nawab formally conferred this Dewani to the British on 30 September 1765.
Najmuddin died soon afterwards, on 8 May 1766, apparently from a fever caught at a formal party given at Murshidabad fort in honour of Robert Clive. He was buried at Jafraganj Cemetery and was succeeded by his younger brother Nawab Najabat Ali Khan.

## Life
### Birth

Nazam-ud-Daulah was the son of Munni Begum (noble) and Mir Jafar.
Nazam-ud-Daulah was appointed as Mir Jafar's heir with the title of Murshidzada Bahadur, by Mir Jafar himself on 29 January 1764.

### Reign as a Nawab

After the death of Mir Jafar Nawab Nazim Najm-ud-din Ali Khan succeeded him to the Nawab's throne under the titles of Shuja-ul-Mulk (Hero of the Country), Nazam-ud-Daulah (Star of the State) and Mahabat Jang (Horror in War) at the age of 15 on 5 February 1765; it was confirmed by the East India Company on 23 February 1765. This cost him £140,000 which was divided among the members of the Calcutta Council.

## Death and succession

Nawab Nazim Najm-ud-din Ali Khan died on 8 May 1766, of fever he caught at a party, which was given in honour of Robert Clive. The Nawab was buried at Jafarganj Cemetery on the west of his father, Mir Jafar's grave. The Nawab was childless. Najabat Ali Khan, Nazim-ud-din's brother, according to Mohammedan law was the right successor of the late Nawab, on the throne. Thus, Najim-ud-din was succeeded by his brother as Nawab Nazim Najabat Ali Khan.
# Alan West (footballer)

Alan West (born 18 December 1951 in Hyde, Cheshire) is an English retired football central midfielder. He attended Greenfield Street Boys' Secondary Modern School in Hyde, Cheshire.
West began his career at Burnley, a product of the club's prolific youth system. In 1973, he was set for a move to Sunderland but was told by medical staff that he had a condition which meant he would be crippled if he continued playing. He believed there was nothing wrong, and moved to Luton Town that year.
He spent eight seasons at Luton Town, becoming an important player as well as club captain. West made his name as a cultured midfielder who though not prolific was a fine passer of the ball. He was ever-present in his one top-flight season with the Hatters (1974–75). In 1976, he moved the Minnesota Kicks of the North American Soccer League, playing with the team through the 1979 season. Moving to Millwall in 1981, West spent two seasons there before moving on to non-League football - as player-manager of Isthmian League Hitchin Town, being sacked in September 1988 after a poor start to the season.

## Personal life

West became a Christian whilst in New Zealand aged 25 and regularly talks of his faith. He trained at seminary to become a christian minister and was Lead Pastor at Luton Christian Fellowship and the Ealing Church also returning as pastor and club chaplain at Luton Town Football Club until 2017.
# Chiricahua Peak

Chiricahua Peak is a 9,773 feet (2,979 m) peak located in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, located about 35 miles (56 km) north of the United States–Mexico border. It is the highest summit in the Chiricahua Mountains and the highest point in Cochise County.
As with the rest of the Chiricahua Mountains, the peak was formed as the result of a violent volcanic eruption about 27 million years ago.
The peak contains one of the southernmost Engelmann spruce stands in the world. There are also extensive stands of quaking aspen on the north slope. Much of the peak was severely burned in recent times, causing aspens to take up once occupied by evergreen trees. Through the trunks of trees, views can be seen northward and westward. This includes views across the Basin and Range to Mount Lemmon, Mount Graham, and Mount Wrightson. In addition, Willcox Playa is visible in the basin below.
In 2011 the Horseshoe 2 Fire burned a total of 223,000 acres (90,000 ha) within the Chiricahua Mountains causing considerable damage to the trail system. Most trails still receive infrequent volunteer maintenance.