# Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness

The under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, or USD (P&R) is a high-ranking civilian position in the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) within the United States Department of Defense responsible for advising the secretary and deputy secretary of defense on recruitment, career development, pay and benefits, and oversight of the state of military readiness. The under secretary is appointed from civilian life by the president and confirmed by the Senate to serve at the pleasure of the President.
Additionally, he exercises day-to-day supervision of the Department of Defense Education Activity and the Defense Commissary Agency.

## Overview

The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (OUSD(P&R)) is the principal staff element for the Department of Defense for all human resources, human capital development, and personnel logistics matters. The USD(P&R) has oversight of the Defense Commissary Agency, Department of Defense Education Activity, Defense Human Resources Activity, the Military Health System, and the Defense Travel Management Office. The USD(P&R) is also responsible for training, health affairs, National Guard and Reserve affairs, personnel requirements for weapons support, and military and civilian family matters, subject to the authority of the Secretary of Defense. Through the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, the United States Military Entrance Processing Command also reports to the Under Secretary.
With the rank of Under Secretary, the USD(P&R) is a Level III position within the Executive Schedule. Since January 2010, the annual rate of pay for Level III is $165,300.

## History

The position was first mandated by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (P.L. 103-160), signed by President Clinton on 30 November 1993. Defense Directive 5124.2, passed 17 March 1994, officially established the position, incorporating the functions of the Assistant Secretary of Defense(Force Management and Personnel) and authorizing authority over the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Since the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 was signed on 5 October 1999, the Under Secretary has been responsible for establishing standards on deployment of units away from assigned duty stations, the length of time they may be away for a deployment away from assigned duty stations, and for establishing systems for reporting tracking deployments.
When created in 1993, the USD(P&R) assumed authority primarily over three DoD offices: the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy. The ASD(FMP) has since been abolished, its responsibilities assumed by other officials reporting to the USD(P&R).

## Reporting officials

Officials reporting to the USD (P&R) include:
* Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness
* Military Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness
** Director, Office of Diversity Management and Equal Opportunity
*** Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute
** Director, Defense Suicide Prevention Office
** Director, Personnel Risk Reduction Office
* Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness
* Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
** Military Health System
** Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Wounded Warrior Care & Transition Policy
* Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs
** Director, Defense Commissary Agency
** Director, Department of Defense Education Activity
** Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Civilian Personnel Policy
** Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy
** Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy
** Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness
** Director, Office of Total Force Planning & Requirements
** Director, Transition to Veterans Program Office
* Director, Defense Human Resources Activity
* Director, DoD/VA Collaboration Office

## Budget
### Budget totals

The annual budget for the USD (P&R) is contained in the Office of the Secretary of Defense's (OSD) budget, under the Defense-Wide Operation and Maintenance (O&M) account.
USD Personnel and Readiness Budget, FY 10-12 ($ in thousands) :
| Line Item | FY10 Actual | FY11 Estimate | FY12 Request |
| Core OSD Operating Program ||||
| Civilian Pay and Benefits, USD (P&R) | 23,688 | 35,457 | 24,816 |
| Program Structure ||||
| Contracts and other Support Services | 1,000 | 1,007 | 995 |
| Advancing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Program | 8,500 | 8,925 | 9,667 |
| Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) | 2,219 | 2,393 | 1,131 |
| Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) | 2,364 | 2,691 | 2,018 |
| Combatant Commander's Exercise | 688,632 | 760,837 | 766,450 |
| Defense Safety Oversight Council | 10,692 | 12,615 | 12,550 |
| Defense Readiness Reporting System | 13,354 | 6,900 | 3,882 |
| Lost Work Days System | 3,230 | 3,060 | 3,032 |
| Military Personnel Policy Naturalization Support | 5,799 | 6,345 | 6,463 |
| Military Spouse Intern Program | 0 | 17,500 | 16,689 |
| Studies Program | 0 | 2,820 | 2,792 |
| Training Transformation | 6,563 | 6,035 | 5,112 |
| Wounded Warrior Care and Transition Policy | 43,664 | 79,412 | 77,623 |
| Travel | 1,338 | 1,402 | 817 |
| Overseas Contingency Operations ||||
| OCO OUSD (Intel) | 2,064 | 0 | 0 |
| Totals ||||
| Total Budget | 813,107 | 947,399 | 934,037 |

### Budget features

* Contracts and other Support Services - Funds contracts and other support services for mission requirements, including Intergovernmental Personnel Act requirements
* Advancing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Program - Funding to increase the number of people with targeted disabilities in the federal civilian workforce to support the DoD goal of two percent DoD-wide, emphasizing the benefit for wounded service members
* Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) - ASD (HA) is the principal medical staff advisor to the Secretary of Defense and principal program manager for all DoD health matters to include medical readiness, health care delivery, preventive medicine, medical military construction, and the procurement, development, training and retention of medical military and civilian personnel
* Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) - Funds managed by ASD (RA) are utilized to conduct valuable research and analysis for specific topics and issues that arise related to the National Guard and military Reserve components
* Combatant Commander's Exercise Engagement and Training Transformation (CE2T2) - The program was established as a result of direction from the Quadrennial Defense Review that re-aligned and consolidated joint training programs and applies resulting efficiencies against new mission areas and existing joint training shortfalls
* Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC) - Supports safety initiatives to reduce and prevent injuries to Defense Department personnel
* Defense Readiness Reporting System (DRRS) - Allows for quick analysis of force capability issues, effective program oversight, operator training, and data maintenance
* Lost Work Days System - Lost Work Days aims to increase operational readiness by providing data and analysis to eliminate preventable mishaps
* Military Personnel Policy (MPP) Naturalization Support - Funding to pay U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in the United States Department of Homeland Security to not charge fees to military members applying for naturalization to become US citizens
* Military Spouse Intern Program - Assists eligible spouses of active duty military in obtaining positions in federal agencies by paying the spouses' salary and benefits for the first year of employment
* Studies Program - The Department contracts for assistance in facilitating studies that improve the overall operation and efficiency of the OUSD(P&R) and the programs over which it exercises oversight
* Training Transformation - Provides oversight of the Department's Joint training effort
* Wounded Warrior Care and Transition Policy (WWCTP) - Funds WWCTP operations that provide OSD-level oversight of the development and implementation of comprehensive disability, non-medical care and case management, and transition programs, policies and standards Department-wide
* Travel - Funds employee travel to support USD(P&R) mission

## Office holders

Under Secretaries of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) :
| No. | Name | Tenure | Secretary(ies) of Defense Served Under | President(s) Served Under |
| 1 | Edwin Dorn | 16 March 1994 – 7 July 1997 | William Perry | Bill Clinton |
| 1 | Edwin Dorn | 16 March 1994 – 7 July 1997 | William Cohen | Bill Clinton |
| 2 | Rudy de Leon | 5 August 1997 – 31 March 2000 | William Cohen | Bill Clinton |
| - | Charles Cragin (acting) | 31 March 2000 – 23 May 2000 | William Cohen | Bill Clinton |
| 3 | Bernard D. Rostker | 23 May 2000 – 19 January 2001 | William Cohen | Bill Clinton |
| 4 | David S. C. Chu | 1 June 2001 – 20 January 2009 | Donald Rumsfeld | George W. Bush |
| 4 | David S. C. Chu | 1 June 2001 – 20 January 2009 | Robert Gates | George W. Bush |
| - | Gail H. McGinn (acting) | 21 January 2009 – 8 February 2010 | Robert Gates | Barack Obama |
| 5 | Clifford Stanley | 9 February 2010 – 27 October 2011 | Robert Gates | Barack Obama |
| 5 | Clifford Stanley | 9 February 2010 – 27 October 2011 | Leon Panetta | Barack Obama |
| - | Jo Ann Rooney (acting) | 27 October 2011 – 8 June 2012 | Leon Panetta | Barack Obama |
| 6 | Erin C. Conaton | 8 June 2012 – 31 December 2012 | Leon Panetta | Barack Obama |
| 7 | Jessica Wright | 1 January 2013 – 31 March 2015 | Leon Panetta | Barack Obama |
| 7 | Jessica Wright | 1 January 2013 – 31 March 2015 | Chuck Hagel | Barack Obama |
| 7 | Jessica Wright | 1 January 2013 – 31 March 2015 | Ash Carter | Barack Obama |
| - | Brad Carson (acting) | 2 April 2015 – 8 April 2016 | Ash Carter | Barack Obama |
| - | Peter Levine (acting) | 8 April 2016 – 20 January 2017 | Ash Carter | Barack Obama |
| - | Anthony Kurta (acting) | 20 January 2017 – 30 November 2017 | Jim Mattis | Donald Trump |
| 8 | Robert Wilkie | 30 November 2017 – 30 July 2018 | Jim Mattis | Donald Trump |
| - | Stephanie Barna (acting) | 30 July 2018 – 22 October 2018 | Jim Mattis | Donald Trump |
| - | James N. Stewart (acting) | 22 October 2018 – 13 December 2019 | Jim Mattis | Donald Trump |
| - | James N. Stewart (acting) | 22 October 2018 – 13 December 2019 | Mark Esper | Donald Trump |
| - | Matthew Donovan (acting) | 13 December 2019 – 2 March 2020 | Mark Esper | Donald Trump |
| - | Alexis Lasselle Ross (acting) | 3 March 2020 – 23 March 2020 | Mark Esper | Donald Trump |
| 9 | Matthew Donovan | 23 March 2020 – 20 January 2021 | Mark Esper | Donald Trump |
| - | Virginia S. Penrod (acting) | 20 January 2021 – 24 August 2021 | Lloyd Austin | Joe Biden |
| 10 | Gil Cisneros | 24 August 2021 – 8 September 2023 | Lloyd Austin | Joe Biden |
| - | Ashish Vazirani (acting) | 8 September 2023 – 20 January 2025 | Lloyd Austin | Joe Biden |
| - | Darin Selnick (acting) | 20 January 2025 - Present | Pete Hegseth | Donald Trump |

## Principal Deputy

The Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (PDUSD(P&R)) is the Under Secretary's chief staff assistant. PDUSD (P&R) is delegated full power and authority to act for the USD(P&R) and exercise the powers of the USD(P&R) on any and all matters that the USD(P&R) is authorized to act, except in those areas where delegation of the USD(P&R) authority is otherwise restricted by higher authority or prohibited by law.
Established as the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) by the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2002 (P.L. 107-107), the post took over the duties of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy, which was then abolished. The DUSD(P&R) was re-designated Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), or PDUSD(P&R) in July 2003 by DoD Directive 5124.8. As of 2012, the position again holds the rank of Principal Deputy Under Secretary.
Principal Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense for Personnel and Readiness :
| Name | Tenure | USD(P&R) served under | SecDef(s) served under | President(s) served under |
| Charles S. Abell | 14 November 2002 – 11 July 2006 | David S. C. Chu | Donald H. Rumsfeld | George W. Bush |
| Michael L. Dominguez | 11 July 2006 – 20 January 2009 | David S. C. Chu | Donald H. Rumsfeld | George W. Bush |
| William J. Carr (acting) | 20 January 2009 – 8 February 2010 | Michael L. Dominguez (acting) | Robert M. Gates | Barack Obama |
| Lynn C. Simpson (performing the duties of) | 8 February 2010 – 2 June 2011 | Gail McGinn (acting) | Robert M. Gates | Barack Obama |
| Jo Ann Rooney | 2 June 2011 - 24 May 2012 | Clifford Stanley | Leon Panetta | Barack Obama |
| Vacant | 24 May 2012 – 30 July 2014 | Jessica L. Wright (acting) | Chuck Hagel | Barack Obama |
| Laura Junor | 31 July 2014 – May 2015 | Jessica L. Wright Brad Carson (acting) | Chuck Hagel Ashton Carter | Barack Obama |
| Stephanie Barna (acting) | April 8, 2016 – January 20, 2017 | Peter Levine (acting) | Ashton Carter | Barack Obama |
| William G. Bushman (performing the duties of) | 29 June 2019 – 20 January 2021 | James N. Stewart (acting) Matthew Donovan (acting) Alexis Lasselle Ross (acting) Matthew Donovan | Mark Esper | Donald Trump |
| Julie Blanks (performing the duties of) | 20 January 2021 – 13 July 2022 | Virginia S. Penrod (acting) Gil Cisneros | Lloyd Austin | Joe Biden |
| Ashish Vazirani | 13 July 2022 – 20 January 2025 | Gil Cisneros | | Joe Biden |
| Jules W. Hurst III (performing the duties of) | 20 January 2025 – Present | Darin Selnick (acting) | Pete Hegseth | Donald Trump |