OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leo Gassmann

Leo Gassmann (born 22 November 1998) is an Italian singer and songwriter.

## Biography

Born in Rome, he is the son of the actors Alessandro Gassmann and Sabrina Knaflitz and the grandson of the actors Vittorio Gassman and Juliette Mayniel.
In 2018 he participated at the twelfth edition of the Italian X Factor; he ended up fifth and released his debut single "Piume".
Gassmann competed and won at the "Newcomers" section of the Sanremo Music Festival 2020 with the song "Vai bene così". His first studio album Strike was released on 7 February 2020.
On 4 December 2022, it was officially announced his participation in the Sanremo Music Festival 2023. "Terzo cuore" was later announced as his entry.

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of albums, with chart positions and certifications :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | ITA |
| Strike | Released: 7 February 2020 Label: Universal Music Format: Digital download, CD, LP | 36 |
| La strada per Agartha | Released: 24 February 2023 Label: Universal Music Format: Digital download, CD, LP | 64 |

### Singles

List of singles, with chart positions, album name and certifications :
| Single | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Single | Year | ITA | Album |
| "Piume" | 2018 | 18 | Non-album single |
| "Dimmi dove sei" | 2019 | — | Strike |
| "Vai bene così" | 2019 | 18 | Strike |
| "Maleducato" | 2020 | — | Strike |
| "Mr. Fonda" | 2020 | — | Strike |
| "Down" | 2021 | — | Non-album single |
| "La mia libertà" | 2022 | — | La strada per Agartha |
| "Lunedì" | 2022 | — | La strada per Agartha |
| "Terzo cuore" | 2023 | 28 | La strada per Agartha |
| "Volo rovescio" | 2023 | — | La strada per Agartha |
| "Capiscimi" | 2023 | — | La strada per Agartha |
| "Dammi Un Bacio Ja'" | 2023 | — | Non-album single |
| "Take That" | 2024 | — | Non-album single |
| "—" denotes an item that did not chart in that country. ||||

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2020 | The Croods: A New Age | Guy Crood | Italian dub; voice role |
| 2024 | Mufasa: The Lion King | Mufasa | Italian dub; voice role |
| 2024 | Una terapia di gruppo | | Post-production |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018 | X Factor | Contestant | Talent show (season 12) |
| 2020 | Sanremo Music Festival 2020 | Contestant | Annual music festival |
| 2023 | Sanremo Music Festival 2023 | Contestant | Annual music festival |
| 2024 | Califano | Franco Califano | Television movie |
# 1948 NCAA wrestling championships

The 1948 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 18th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Lehigh in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania hosted the tournament at Taylor Gymnasium.
Oklahoma A&M took home the team championship with 33 points and having two individual champions.
Bill Koll of Iowa State Teachers College was named the Outstanding Wrestler.

## Team results

| Rank | School | Points |
| 1 | Oklahoma A&M | 33 |
| 2 | Michigan State | 28 |
| 3 | Illinois | 23 |
| T-4 | Purdue | 15 |
| T-4 | Iowa State Teachers College | 15 |
| T-4 | Iowa | 15 |
| 7 | Minnesota | 12 |
| 8 | Waynesburg | 11 |
| T-9 | Navy | 9 |
| T-9 | Iowa State College | 9 |
| T-9 | Northern Colorado | 9 |
| Reference: |||

## Individual finals

| Weight class | Championship match (champion in boldface) |
| 114 lbs | Arnold Plaza, Purdue DEC William Mann, Illinois |
| 125 lbs | George Lewis, Waynesburg DEC Rometo Macias, Iowa |
| 136 lbs | Dick Dickenson, Michigan State DEC Nathan Bauer, Oklahoma A&M |
| 147 lbs | Bill Koll, Iowa State Teachers College DEC John Fletcher, Navy |
| 160 lbs | Jack St. Clair Oklahoma A&M DEC Gale Mikles, Michigan State |
| 174 lbs | Glen Brand, Iowa State College DEC Waldemar VanCott, Purdue |
| 191 lbs | Verne Gagne, Minnesota DEC Charles Gottfried, Illinois |
| UNL | Dick Hutton, Oklahoma A&M DEC Bob Maldegan, Michigan State |
| Reference: ||
# 1949 NCAA Wrestling Championships

The 1949 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 19th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Colorado A&M in Fort Collins, Colorado hosted the tournament at their South College Gymnasium.
Oklahoma A&M took home the team championship with 32 points and having two individual champions.
Charles Hetrick of Oklahoma A&M was named the Outstanding Wrestler.

## Team results

| Rank | School | Points |
| 1 | Oklahoma A&M | 32 |
| 2 | Iowa State Teachers College | 27 |
| 3 | Cornell College | 21 |
| 4 | Michigan State | 13 |
| 5 | Minnesota | 11 |
| 6 | Purdue | 9 |
| T-7 | Nebraska | 5 |
| T-7 | Iowa | 5 |
| 9 | Syracuse | 4 |
| T-10 | Illinois | 3 |
| T-10 | Colorado A&M | 3 |
| Reference: |||

## Individual finals

| Weight class | Championship match (champion in boldface) |
| 121 lbs | Arnold Plaza, Purdue DEC Grady Peninger, Oklahoma A&M, 3–1 |
| 128 lbs | Charles Hetrick, Oklahoma A&M DEC Leo Thomsen, Cornell College, 4–1 |
| 136 lbs | Lowell Lange, Cornell College DEC Dick Dickenson, Michigan State, 6–0 |
| 145 lbs | Keith Young, Iowa State Teachers College DEC Don Anderson, Michigan State, 3–0 |
| 155 lbs | Bill Nelson, Iowa State Teachers College DEC Ken Hunte, Syracuse, 3–0 |
| 165 lbs | Bill Smith, Iowa State Teachers College DEC Melbourne Flesner, Oklahoma A&M, 6–1 |
| 175 lbs | Jim Gregerson, Oklahoma A&M DEC Joe Scarpello, Iowa, 3–1 |
| UNL | Verne Gagne, Minnesota RD Dick Hutton, Oklahoma A&M, 1–1 |
| Reference: ||
# Andre Branch

Orlandus Andre Branch (born July 14, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Clemson Tigers. He was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the second round of the 2012 NFL draft with the 38th overall pick.

## College career

Branch attended Clemson University from 2007 to 2011. For his career he had 179 tackles and 17.5 sacks. As a senior in 2011, he was a first-team All-ACC pick after recording 77 tackles and 10.5 sacks.

## Professional career
### Jacksonville Jaguars

Branch was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the second round of the 2012 NFL draft with the 38th overall pick. On May 29, 2012, he signed a 4-year, $5.1 million contract.

### Miami Dolphins

Branch signed with the Miami Dolphins in on March 17, 2016. In his first year in Miami, Branch started 11 of 16 games for the Dolphins, posting a career-high 49 tackles to go along with 5.5 sacks and two forced fumbles.
On March 8, 2017, Branch signed a three-year, $24 million contract extension with the Dolphins. He started 14 games in 2017, recording 23 combined tackles and 4.5 sacks.
Following a Week 1 game in 2018, Branch was fined $10,026 for taunting Taylor Lewan after delivering a concussion to Lewan with a blind side hit.
On March 2, 2019, Branch was released by the Dolphins.

### Arizona Cardinals

On July 30, 2019, Branch signed a one-year contract with the Arizona Cardinals after visiting earlier in June. He was released on August 25, 2019.

## NFL career statistics

Legend :
| Bold | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2012 | JAX | 13 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | JAX | 16 | 0 | 37 | 30 | 7 | 6.0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | JAX | 9 | 0 | 18 | 12 | 6 | 3.0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015 | JAX | 13 | 9 | 24 | 18 | 6 | 4.0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 49 | 1 |
| 2016 | MIA | 16 | 11 | 49 | 27 | 22 | 5.5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017 | MIA | 14 | 14 | 23 | 12 | 11 | 4.5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018 | MIA | 14 | 1 | 25 | 17 | 8 | 1.5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| | | 95 | 38 | 188 | 125 | 63 | 25.5 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 49 | 1 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2016 | MIA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Kilvelur Assembly constituency

Kilvelur is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, India newly formed after constituency delimitations in 2008. It is included in Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency. It comprises Kilvelur, Keezhayur and a part of Nagapattinam panchayat union. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Winner | Party |
| 2011 | Nagaimaali V P | Communist Party of India |
| 2016 | U. Mathivanan | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| 2021 | Nagaimaali V P | Communist Party of India |

## Election results

Vote share of winning candidates :
| 2021 | 2021 | 47.85% | 47.85% |
| 2016 | 2016 | 44.95% | 44.95% |
| 2011 | 2011 | 48.99% | 48.99% |

### 2021

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Kilvelur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | CPI(M) | V. P. Nagaimaali | 67,988 | 47.85% | +35.88 |
| | PMK | S. Vadivel Ravanan | 51,003 | 35.89% | +33.98 |
| | NTK | S. Ponelavazhaki | 15,173 | 10.68% | +9.55 |
| | MNM | G. Sidhu | 2,906 | 2.05% | New |
| | AMMK | M. Neethimohan | 2,503 | 1.76% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 896 | 0.63% | −0.13 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 16,985 | 11.95% | 4.58% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 142,099 | 79.52% | −4.88% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 378 | 0.27% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 178,686 | | |
| | CPI(M) gain from DMK | CPI(M) gain from DMK | Swing | 2.90% | |

### 2016

2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Kilvelur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | U. Mathivanan | 61,999 | 44.95% | −3.44 |
| | AIADMK | N. Meena | 51,829 | 37.58% | New |
| | CPI(M) | V. P. Nagaimaali | 16,499 | 11.96% | −37.03 |
| | PMK | A. Vanitha | 2,637 | 1.91% | New |
| | NTK | G. Palanivel | 1,553 | 1.13% | New |
| | BJP | S. Kumar | 1,142 | 0.83% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 1,049 | 0.76% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 10,170 | 7.37% | 6.78% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 137,929 | 84.40% | −1.48% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 163,415 | | |
| | DMK gain from CPI(M) | DMK gain from CPI(M) | Swing | -4.04% | |

### 2011

2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Kilvelur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | CPI(M) | V. P. Nagaimaali | 59,402 | 48.99% | New |
| | DMK | U. Mathivanan | 58,678 | 48.39% | New |
| | Independent | G. Devaki | 1,487 | 1.23% | New |
| | BSP | J. Shajahan | 743 | 0.61% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 724 | 0.60% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 121,254 | 85.88% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 141,185 | | |
| | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) |
# 1952 NCAA wrestling championships

The 1952 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 22nd NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Colorado A&M in Fort Collins, Colorado hosted the tournament at their South College Gymnasium.
Oklahoma took home the team championship with 22 points and having two individual champions.
Tommy Evans of Oklahoma was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.

## Team results

| Rank | School | Points |
| 1 | Oklahoma | 22 |
| 2 | Iowa State Teachers College | 21 |
| 3 | Oklahoma A&M | 20 |
| 4 | Toledo | 10 |
| 5 | Penn State | 8 |
| T-6 | Waynesburg | 7 |
| T-6 | Illinois | 7 |
| T-6 | Colorado | 7 |
| T-9 | Pittsburgh | 6 |
| T-9 | Indiana | 6 |
| T-9 | California | 6 |
| Reference: |||

## Individual finals

| Weight class | Championship match (champion in boldface) |
| 115 lbs | Hugh Peery, Pittsburgh DEC Will Howard Denver, 13–6 |
| 123 lbs | Bill Borders, Oklahoma MAJOR Harry Arthur, Indiana, 15–6 |
| 130 lbs | Gene Lybbert, Iowa State Teachers College DEC Donald Reece, Oklahoma, 8–1 |
| 137 lbs | George Layman, Oklahoma A&M DEC Bob Morris, Iowa State Teachers College, 6–4 |
| 147 lbs | Tommy Evans, Oklahoma MAJOR Jim Harmon, Iowa State Teachers College 16–2 |
| 157 lbs | Bill Weick, Iowa State Teachers College DEC Tom Titsworth, Oklahoma A&M, 6–0 |
| 167 lbs | Joe Lemyre, Penn State DEC George Bender, Michigan State, 6–0 |
| 177 lbs | Bentley Lyon, California SRD Maynard Skinner, Colorado, 3–3 |
| 191 lbs | Harry Lanzi, Toledo DEC George Myers, Iowa, 7–5 |
| UNL | Gene Nicks, Oklahoma A&M WBF John Witte, Oregon State, 4:19 |
| Reference: ||
# Refaat

Refaat is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Syed Refaat Ahmed (born 1958), Bangladeshi lawyer, 25th chief justice of Bangladesh
* Refaat Alareer (1979–2023), Palestinian writer, poet, professor, and activist from the Gaza Strip
* Refaat Al-Gammal (1927–1982), Egyptian spy in Israel for 17 years
* Mohamed Refaat El-Saeed (1932–2017), Egyptian politician, scholar and writer
* Refaat El-Sayed (born 1946), businessman of Egyptian and Swedish nationality
* Ashraf Refaat Nabih Henin (born 1965), Pakistani terrorist, al-Qaeda Head of Propaganda
* Refaat Kaid (born 1949), Egyptian sports shooter
* Refaat R. Kamel, Egyptian surgeon, world president of the International College of Surgeons
* Ahmed Refaat (1993–2024), Egyptian footballer
* Hady Refaat or Hady Shahin (born 1986), Egyptian handball player
* Mahmoud Refaat (born 1978), international relations scholar, writer and lawyer
* Omar Refaat, professional squash player
# Kensuke's Kingdom (film)

Kensuke's Kingdom is a 2023 animated adventure film based on the 1999 children's novel of the same name by Michael Morpurgo. The film debuted at the Annecy International Animation Film Festival on 11 June 2023. The UK premiere was at the 67th BFI London Film Festival on 14 October 2023. The general release in France was on 7 February 2024, under the title Le Royaume de Kensuké.
The film was nominated for the inaugural BAFTA Award for Best Children's & Family Film at the 78th British Academy Film Awards, though it lost to Wallace & Gromit: Vengeance Most Fowl.

## Premise

A boy (Aaron MacGregor) swept overboard during a storm on a worldwide sailing trip with his family washes ashore on an island in the Pacific Ocean. While there, he realises someone (Ken Watanabe) is nearby, aiding him with his survival.

## Cast

* Aaron MacGregor as Michael Morpurgo
* Sally Hawkins as Mum (Mrs. Morpurgo)
* Cillian Murphy as Dad (Mr. Morpurgo)
* Ken Watanabe as Kensuke
* Raffey Cassidy as Becky
* Alfred Kodai Berglund as Michiya (Kensuke's Son)

## Production

It was announced in February 2019 that an animated film adaptation of the children's novel Kensuke's Kingdom by Michael Morpurgo was in development, with Sally Hawkins, Cillian Murphy, Ken Watanabe and Raffey Cassidy set as part of the voice cast, like the novel following a fictionalised version of Morpurgo himself as he is stranded on a desert island as a child.
In September 2020, the film entered production after securing new financing. Animation was provided primarily by the Cardiff-based firm Bumpybox.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 97% of 29 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's consensus reads: "Remaining loyal to its source material, Kensuke's Kingdom is a quietly engaging story with meticulous 2D animation that's more profound than average offerings". Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 68 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.
# Chinese Taipei Handball Association

The Chinese Taipei Handball Association (CTHBA; Chinese: 中華民國手球協會) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in Republic of China. CTHBA is a member of the Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and member of the International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1972.

## National teams

* Chinese Taipei men's national handball team
* Chinese Taipei men's national junior handball team
* Chinese Taipei women's national handball team
* Chinese Taipei national beach handball team
* Chinese Taipei women's national beach handball team

## Competitions hosted

* 2009 World Games
* 2007 Asian Women's Youth Handball Championship
# Sceloporus madrensis

Sceloporus madrensis, the lesser torquate lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
# Williston Basin School District 7

Williston Basin School District 7 (WBSD7) is a school district headquartered in Williston, North Dakota.

## History

In 2020 a vote was held on whether it was to merge the Williston School District 1 with the Williams County Public School District 8 to form a new district. The respective votes in each district were 2,527 in District 1 (86.6%) and 541 (59.6%) in District 8, while the no votes were 391 (13.4%) in District 1 and 367 (40.4%) in District 8.
All members of the North Dakota State Board of Public School Education approved the merger plans.
In 2021 the districts officially merged. There are seven board seats, with two for people outside of the Williston city limits.

## Schools
### High schools

* Williston High School (Williston)
* Del Easton Alternative High School (Williston)

### Middle schools

* Williston Middle School (Williston)
* Missouri Ridge School (unincorporated area)
* ASB Innovation Academy

### Elementary Schools

* Bakken Elementary School (Williston)
* Garden Valley Elementary School (unincorporated area)
* Hagan Elementary School (Williston)
* Lewis & Clark Elementary School (Williston)
* McVay Elementary School (Williston)
* Rickard Elementary School (Williston)
* Round Prairie Elementary School (unincorporated area)
* Wilkinson Elementary School (Williston)
# 1898–99 Columbia men's ice hockey season

The 1898–99 Columbia men's ice hockey season was the 3rd season of play for the program.

## Season

Note: Columbia University adopted the Lion as its mascot in 1910.

## Standings

1898–99 Collegiate ice hockey standingsvte :
| | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| | GP | W | L | T | PCT. | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Brown | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | .500 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 9 |
| Columbia | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | | |
| Harvard | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Pennsylvania | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Western University of Pennsylvania | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yale | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 8 |
1898–99 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standingsvte :
| | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| | GP | W | L | T | PTS | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Yale | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 8 |
| Pennsylvania | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Brown | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 9 |
| Columbia | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | | |

## Schedule and results

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record |
| Regular Season |||||
| | ? | | W | 1–0–0 |
| December 20 | Cutler's School* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | W 5–0 | 2–0–0 |
| January 25 | at Yale | Clermont Avenue Skating Rink • Brooklyn, New York | L 0–2 | 2–1–0 (0–1–0) |
| February 3 | at Pennsylvania | West Park Ice Palace • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | L 2–3 | 2–2–0 (0–2–0) |
| February 18 | Brown | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | L 0–2 | 2–3–0 (0–3–0) |
| *Non-conference game. |||||
# Journal of Biomaterials Applications

The Journal of Biomaterials Applications is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the development and clinical applications of biomaterials. The editor-in-chief is Jonathan Knowles (University College London). The journal was established in 1986 and is published by SAGE Publications.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Academic Search (Ebsco)
* MEDLINE
* Biological Science Database (ProQuest)
* Scopus
* Science Citation Index Expanded
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.9.
# Narcotic Control Act

The Narcotic Control Act (French: Loi sur les stupéfiants), passed in 1961, was one of Canada's national drug control statutes prior to its repeal by the 1996 Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. It implemented the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
The "narcotics" included in the Act are drugs such as heroin, cocaine and cannabis. The Act prohibits activities such as possession of a "narcotic", possession for the purpose of trafficking, cultivating, importing or exporting.
Section 3 of the Act prohibits the possession of the "narcotic". A person is authorized to have a narcotic in his or her possession if he or she requires the narcotic for his business or profession and is a licensed dealer, a pharmacist, or a practitioner who is registered and entitled to practice in the province in which he has such possession. The maximum penalty for possession of narcotics is 7 years' imprisonment.
Section 4 of the Act prohibits the trafficking of a narcotic or the possession of a narcotic for the purpose of trafficking. Section 2 of the Act defines "traffic" as (a) to manufacture, sell, give, administer, transport, send, deliver or distribute, or (b) to offer to do anything referred to in part (a). The maximum penalty for the offense of trafficking is life imprisonment.
Section 5 of the Act prohibits importing or exporting narcotics. This offence has a maximum penalty of life imprisonment. The minimum penalty of importing or exporting narcotics is 7 years' imprisonment. Section 6 of the Act prohibits the growing of opium or marijuana without a federal licence. The penalty for the offence is a maximum of 7 years in prison.

## Revision of the Act

In February 1994, Bill C-7 proposed a revision of illegal drug legislation. The new drug legislating aimed to be more coherent and consistent with Canada's obligations under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances signed in 1988. Failing to succeed, the bill was reintroduced in the House of Commons on March 6, 1996, as Bill C-8. The House of Commons referred Bill C-8 to the Canadian Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, which conducted a detailed study of it. The Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs proposed 15 amendments as well as the striking of a joint parliamentary committee of the House of Commons and the Senate, which would review Canada's drug policy. Bill C-8 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 20, 1996, and is thus Canada's current illegal drug legislation, known as Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
# Narcotic Drugs Act

The Narcotic Drugs Act (German: Betäubungsmittelgesetz, pronounced or BtMG) is the controlled substances law of Germany. In common with the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971 of the United Kingdom and Controlled Substances Acts of the US and Canada, it is a consolidation of prior regulation and an implementation of treaty obligations under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Convention on Psychotropic Substances and other treaties.
The BtMG updated the German Opium Law 1929 and mirrors the Swiss BtMG and Austrian Suchtmittelgesetz.
The German Narcotics Act was re-announced on 1 March 1994. The last change to the law was the legalization of Cannabis in Germany on 1 April 2024. Since then, the handling of this drug has been subject to the German cannabis control bill.