# Kenneth Fang

Dr Kenneth Fang Hung GBS CBE JP (Chinese: 方鏗; November 20, 1938 - August 28, 2022) was a Hong Kong billionaire industrialist and philanthropist. He was known as the "King of Textiles".

## Early Life

Fang was born on November 20, 1938, in Xiaohai Town, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. He lived in Hong Kong from the 1950s onward. For his early education, he graduated from Pui Ching Secondary School in 1956. Fang received a Bachelor of Science from the University of Michigan and a Masters of Science in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Family Background

The Fang family with roots in Haimen, Nantong, Jiangsu, China has long had a prominent position in Hong Kong.
Fang's father, Fang Shui Chow (Chinese: 方肇周), made his first fortune in the yarn trade in Shanghai. Fang Shui Chow later moved to Hong Kong on the eve of the Communist takeover and founded S.C. Fang & Sons in 1949, which was "Hong Kong’s largest textile maker". He was regarded as one of the pioneers of Hong Kong's 20th century industrial boom. Fang's brother is Vincent Fang, a Hong Kong businessman and notably the former chairman & leader of the Liberal Party of Hong Kong.

## Career
### Textile and apparel manufacturing

In the 1960s, Fang joined his father's textile-making business, S.C. Fang & Sons, for one year. Fang’s family was reportedly one of the largest holders under Hong Kong’s textile quota system, which was in place throughout the second half of the 20th century and abolished in 2005. This allowed them to enjoy near-monopolistic practices, control, and investments in the textile industry.
Fang was best known for founding Fang Brothers Knitting Limited (Chinese: 肇豐針織) in 1965, which remains one of the largest apparel manufacturers in the world. As of 2002, Fang Brothers Knitting operated 25 factories in mainland China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, Mexico, Honduras, the United States and the United Kingdom; employed over 25,000 workers; produced over 30 million pieces of high quality knitwear, t-shirts, and jeans annually. The firm supplied to companies including Ralph Lauren, Burberry, Brooks Brothers, Calvin Klein, J.Crew, and more.
Fang was widely regarded as the leader of Hong Kong's textile & garment industry for his contributions. Fang was credited with modernizing the industry by introducing Western production and business formats and employing vertical-integration practices. During the 1980s, he led and successfully defended Hong Kong against a case raised by the US Department of Commerce on a US Anti-Dumping Duty Order against MMF Sweaters from Hong Kong. In 1999, he chaired the Textiles and Garment Industry Revitalisation Committee and established a plan to strengthen Hong Kong’s position as a world fashion hub, which was implemented by the Hong Kong government in 2000. In 2001, he led the establishment the Hong Kong Fashion and Design Centre.

### Fang Brothers Holdings Limited

Fang was also the chairman of Fang Brothers Holdings Limited. Through Fang Brothers Holdings, he diversified beyond the textile industry, investing into retail & trading, property development, electronics, energy storage, and beverages amongst other sectors.
Fang started the retailing & trading arm in 1973, which included Pringle of Scotland, Episode, Jessica, and Color Eighteen amongst other owned brands, operating over 1,000 stores worldwide. Knitwear brand Pringle of Scotland, acquired in 2000, holds a royal warrant and is one of the world's oldest continually operating fashion companies. GRI, a subsidiary operating Fang's licensing and franchising business, distributed a wide range of brands, including being the exclusive licensee of Nine West, Anne Klein New York, and Easy Spirit in Asia and Europe.
Fang's electronics arm managed Yeebo International Holdings (SEHK: 259), a manufacturer of liquid crystal displays, OLED, and eyewear. He acquired Yeebo in 1997, being deemed an "white knight" by the media for turning around the company's debt and legal issues. Fang also operated Nantong Jianghai Capacitor Co (SHE: 002484), a manufacturer of capacitors. Under Fang's leadership, he injected 100 million yuan into then-struggling Nantong Jianghai three times in 2005. Nantong Jianghai became China's largest, and the third largest globally, manufacturer of alumnimum capacitors (by sales volume). Aside from its core business, in 2013, Nantong Jianghai developed lithium-ion supercapacitor technology; in 2018, established a joint venture with Yageo to manufacture automotive film capacitors.
Fang was praised for re-investing heavily into his hometown, Nantong, and other regions in Jiangsu. He reportedly established over ten businesses in the beer, printing & dyeing, real estate, and healthcare industries. Amongst those businesses included hypermarket chain Times Ltd, which he sold to Lotte Shopping in 2009 for US$630 million, remaining as the largest acquisition of a Chinese company by a Korean firm to date. He personally pocketed over US$450 million from the sale. Another was Jiangsu Dafuhao Breweries, one of China's 10 most popular beer brands and the most popular in the Jiangsu province. It was later sold to Heineken for an undisclosed amount.

### Others

Fang was an independent non-executive director of Wing Tai Properties Limited, Jiangsu Expressway Company Limited, and Nan Hai Corporation Limited. He was also a non-Executive Director of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.
In 2009, his fortune was estimated at 10 billion Yuan (US$1.6 billion).

## Political positions

Fang, as a pro-Beijing entrepreneur, maintained good relations with the Chinese government, and was appointed a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and a member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference of Jiangsu Province.
Some of his other past appointments include:
* Chairman of the Hong Kong Productivity Council
* Chairman of the Hong Kong Research Institute of Textiles and Apparel
* Chairman of Hong Kong Examinations Authority
* Honorary Chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Textiles
* Honorary Chairman of the Hong Kong Textile Council
* Member of the Selection and Preparatory Committee (Hong Kong)
* Member of the Election Committee (Hong Kong)
* Member of the Hong Kong Affair Advisers to Beijing
* Member of the Textile Advisory Board of the Hong Kong Government
* Member of the One Country Two Systems Research Institute

## Awards and recognition

Fang received several honours and awards:
* Justice of the Peace (Hong Kong, 1986)
* Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (United Kingdom, 1990)
* Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (United Kingdom, 1997)
* Gold Bauhinia Star (Hong Kong, 2004)
* Honorary Citizen of Nantong, PRC
* Honorary University Fellow by the University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong, 2002)
* Honorary Degree of Doctor of Business Administration by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Hong Kong, 2005)
* Honorary Doctorate by the Nanjing University (PRC, 2014)
* Industrialist of the Year by the Federation of Hong Kong Industries (2002)
* Outstanding Leader in Business by the Sing Tao News Corporation (2011)

## Personal life

Fang was married to Diana Bin since April 1967, with three daughters and one son, Katherine, Susanna, Jean, and Douglas. He lived on Osmanthus Road, Kowloon Tong.
Since 1990 Fang has donated more than $100 million to his hometown, Nantong, and mainland China. He focused on developing China's educational landscape. He donated to higher education institutions such as Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Nanjing University, where a gymnasium is named after his late father, as well as constructed various primary & secondary schools in Nantong. He also established and sponsored a program that sent 30 gifted students from Nantong to Hong Kong each year on a multi-day exchange.