OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Downstep

Downstep is a phenomenon in tone languages in which if two syllables have the same tone (for example, both with a high tone or both with a low tone), the second syllable is lower in pitch than the first.
Two main kinds of downstep can be distinguished. The first, more usually called automatic downstep, downdrift or catathesis, occurs when high and low tones come in the sequence H L (L) H; the second high tone tends to be lower than the first because of the intervening low-toned syllable. It is common in African languages, such as Chichewa. It has also been argued that the same phenomenon is heard in English sentences, if these sentences are pronounced with a falling intonation, for example I really believe Ebenezer was a dealer in magnesium, or I bought blueberries, bayberries, raspberries, mulberries, and brambleberries.
Downstep proper, or non-automatic downstep, is another phenomenon found in many African languages, such as Igbo (see for an overview of downstep in African languages). When two high tones are in succeeding syllables (thus in the sequence H H), and the second is lower than the first, there is said to be a downstep.
The symbol for the second kind of downstep in the International Phonetic Alphabet is a superscript down arrow, ⟨ꜜ⟩ ($^↓$). It is common to see instead a superscript exclamation mark ⟨ꜝ⟩ ($^!$) because of typographic constraints, though technically that would mean an incompletely or lightly articulated alveolar click release.
It has been shown that in most, if not all, cases of downstep proper, the lowering of the second high tone occurs when an intervening low-toned syllable has dropped out. What was H (L) H has become HꜜH. The missing low-toned syllable creates what is known as a 'floating tone'. An example occurs in Bambara, a language spoken in Mali. In Bambara, the definite article is a floating low tone. With a noun in isolation, it docks to the preceding vowel and turns a high tone into a falling tone:
| /bá/ | river |
| /bâ/ | the river |
However, when it occurs between two high tones, it downsteps the following tone:
| /bá tɛ́/ | it's not a river |
| /bá ꜜ tɛ́/ | it's not the river |
# Ophioblennius steindachneri

Ophioblennius steindachneri, the large-banded blenny or the Panamic fanged blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in coral reefs in the eastern Pacific ocean. This species reaches a length of 18 centimetres (7.1 in) SL.

## Description

The large-banded blenny exhibits dark coloration as a juvenile, but develops brownish to olive coloration with lighter markings, as well as a dark spot behind the eye and several broad bands from the head and fading behind the pectoral fins.

## Distribution

Ophioblennius steindachneri is found in the eastern Pacific from the Gulf of California to Peru. Its range encompasses the Revillagigedo Islands, Cocos Island, Malpelo Island and the Galápagos Islands.

## Habitat and biology

The adults of Ophioblennius steindachneri are mainly found in the surge zone of exposed rocky headlands which have steep slopes where they wedge themselves into crevices near the shore in shallow water. They are territorial and will dart out of their hiding place to defend their territory. They feed during the day when they graze on algae and prey on sessile invertebrates by using the incisor teeth, which are similar in shape to combs, to scrape food off the rock. Like all blennies they are oviparous, laying demersal eggs which are adhered to the substrate by a filamentous, adhesive pad or pedestal and their larvae are planktonic which are frequently recorded from shallow waters near the coast.

## Etymology

The specific name honours the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner (1834-1919) who reported this species as Blennophis webbii in 1879.
# Ostioneros de Guaymas

The Ostioneros de Guaymas were a professional baseball team based in Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. The Ostioneros played in the Mexican Pacific League and used the Estadio Abelardo L. Rodríguez as their home ballpark. During its existence, the club won seven league championships.

## History

The Ostioneros were one of the four original founding members of the Mexican Pacific Coast League, a winter league circuit that operated in Mexico in the seasons from 1945–46 through 1957–58. The team won pennant titles in the 1947–48 and 1950–51 seasons, managed by Juan Guerrero and Luis Montes de Oca, respectively. In 1950–51, Ostioneros shared the league championship with the Tacuarineros de Culiacán.
Before the 1958–59 season, the circuit was renamed Sonora Winter League and lasted through the 1991–92 season. This is considered the beginning of the modern era of what is now the Mexican Pacific League. The Guaymas club also competed in this second stage, winning titles in 1958–59 and 1959–60 guided by Manuel Magallón, in 1962–63 and 1964–65 with Guillermo Frayde at the helm, and 1967–68 with Ronaldo Camacho, to won seven league titles in both stints.
The Ostioneros played at the Estadio Abelardo L. Rodríguez during its entire existence.
The Ostioneros name has since been used by other sport clubs based in Guaymas.

## Championships

| Season | Manager | Opponent | Series score | Record |
| 1947–48 | Juan Guerrero | No final series | No final series | 38–22–1 |
| 1950–51 | Luis Montes de Oca | No final series | No final series | 37–23 |
| 1958–59 | Manuel Magallón | Naranjeros de Hermosillo | 3–2 | 25–16–1 |
| 1959–60 | Manuel Magallón | No final series | No final series | 31–17–1 |
| 1962–63 | Guillermo Frayde | Cañeros de Los Mochis | 3–1 | 35–29–2 |
| 1964–65 | Guillermo Frayde | No final series | No final series | 47–33–4 |
| 1967 | Ronnie Camacho | No final series | No final series | 58–36–2 |
| Total championships | Total championships | Total championships | 7 | 7 |

## Sources

* 1 2 Mexican Baseball History 3: The Mexican Pacific League. Baseball Mexico. Article by Bruce Baskin. Retrieved on 7 November 2018.
* 1 2 Campeones de la Liga del Pacífico. ESPN Deportes (in Spanish). Retrieved on 7 November 2018.
* ↑ Gastélum Duarte, Guillermo. Enciclopedia Conmemorativa del 75 Aniversario de la Liga Mexicana del Pacífico (in Spanish). Culiacán, Sinaloa: Moby Dick Editorial. p. 1031. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
* ↑ "El cuarto título de Guaymas". MexicaliSport (in Spanish). 15 August 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
* ↑ "Guaymas Apuesta por el Regreso Triunfal del Béisbol: Estadio Abelardo L. Rodríguez se Remodela con una Inversión de 80 Millones de Pesos". Hablemos De Béisbol (in Spanish). 10 August 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
# Mayfield, Washington

Mayfield is an unincorporated community on the southern shore of Lake Mayfield in Lewis County, Washington. It is located off U.S. Route 12, east of Silver Creek. The Mayfield Dam, which supplies hydroelectricity to Tacoma and its neighboring cities, sits 1-mile (1.6 km) west of the area.
The area hosted an indigenous village before the settlement of Mayfield in the 1890s. A post office existed until 1963. The town was moved in the 1950s during the build of the dam and the original location was permanently flooded under the lake.

## History

Before the arrival of non-native settlers, the location was used as a village for Native American people. A post office for the territory was established in 1890 or 1891 and named Ferry in recognition of Washington state's first governor. The community's eponym changed to Mayfield in either 1891 or 1895 and was done so in homage to the location's first postmaster, H.T. (or W.H.) Mayfield.
The first bridge to span the Cowlitz River was built approximately in 1879 in Mayfield. The bridge transported logs and was crossed by horse and buggy. The span washed out during a high water event years later, but replaced at a location of higher elevation.
The original center of the town was vacated and razed, with homes relocated to the surrounding area, beginning in 1955 during the building of the Mayfield Dam. Most residents, despite opposition, accepted buyouts for their property as the monetary offers were considered a "take it or leave it proposition". The post office was moved in 1962, but quickly closed the following year as the dam neared completion; the old town is permanently underwater.

## Geography

Mayfield was originally located on the southeast side of a bluff overlooking a canyon of the Cowlitz River. The community in the present-day is situated on the eastern shore of Mayfield Lake, immediately south of U.S. Route 12. The outflow of Winston Creek splits the community. The flooded remnants exist approximately 24 feet (7.3 m) under the lake.
# Nasr (missile)

The Nasr (Military designation: Hatf-IX Nasr, Transl.: Target-9, Urdu: نصر), is a solid fueled tactical ballistic missile system developed by the National Development Complex (NDC) of Pakistan, currently in service with the Pakistan Army.
The ISPR described the system as a "Multi-tube Ballistic Missile" because the launch vehicle carries multiple missiles. Its existence was revealed after a test in 2011 and it appears to have entered in military deployment after further testing in 2013.

## Background

According to defence analysts and missile technology experts the system appears to have been developed as a "low-yield battlefield deterrent" targeted at "mechanized forces like armed brigades and divisions." Therefore, it is believed by analysts that the system is deployed to deter and respond to India's "Cold Start" doctrine. The military ISPR maintains that the Hatf IX was developed to "add deterrence value... at shorter ranges... with high accuracy, shoot and scoot attributes" for "quick response."
Pakistan confirmed that these tactical nuclear weapons are intended to be used against Indian troops on Pakistani soil. According to analysts, if used just inside Pakistani territory, it would counter the cold start doctrine and maximize ionizing radiation exposure while minimizing blast effects which would be more dangerous for the Indian army than for local people as the blast yield is much lower than strategic nuclear weapons.

## Design

The Hatf IX Nasr is a ballistic missile which carries a sub-kiloton tactical nuclear weapon out to a range of 60 km (37.3 mi). Four missiles are carried on the same Chinese-origin 8x8 transporter erector launcher (TEL) as the Pakistan Army's A-100E 300mm Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), a Chinese version of the BM-30 Smerch.

## Capabilities

The missile can carry nuclear warheads of appropriate yield with high accuracy. Pakistan has claimed that it was designed to overcome missile defense systems. It is also claimed that this missile is accurate. In one of the released test fire footage; the Nasr missile can be seen hitting a target with pinpoint accuracy. However actual figures of the CEP have not been disclosed. Mansoor Ahmed, of Quaid-e-Azam University's Department of Defence and Strategic Studies claimed: "Its in-flight maneuverability is being improved to defeat potential Indian missile defenses against artillery rockets and short-range ballistic missiles, such as the Israeli Iron Dome system." He further went on to say that the system is "fully integrated into the centralized command-and-control structure through round the clock situational awareness in a digitized network centric environment to the decision makers at National Command Center. Nasr is obviously India-specific and the salvo launch capability is a key ability in stopping Indian armored thrusts into Pakistani territory."

## History

The missile's existence was first reported after a test-firing on 19-April-2011. A 4-missile salvo fired on 5 October 2013 is believed to have marked the conclusion of the testing programme and the system's likely entry into service. An extended range missile was tested recently.
# Matt Miller (baseball, born 1971)

Jacob Matthew Miller (born November 23, 1971) is a former right-handed Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played for the Colorado Rockies and Cleveland Indians. He was noted for his distinct sidearm delivery.

## Independent and Minor League career

Miller began his professional baseball career playing for the Greenville Bluesmen in the independent Big South League (1996–1997) and Texas–Louisiana League (1998). He signed with the Texas Rangers in December 1997, was released at the end of spring training in 1998 and then re-signed with the Rangers in June. He played in their minor league system for the Savannah Sand Gnats (1998), Charlotte Rangers (1999), Tulsa Drillers (1999–2000) and Oklahoma RedHawks (2000). In November 2000, he was signed as a minor league free agent by the San Diego Padres and played for their triple-A Pacific Coast League affiliate, Portland Beavers, in 2001. He was signed by the Oakland Athletics after the 2001 season and played for their triple-A affiliate, Sacramento River Cats, in 2002.

## Major League career

He signed with the Colorado Rockies during the off-season and spent most of 2003 at Triple-A with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox, but finally made his major league debut with the Rockies June 27 against the Pittsburgh Pirates. He appeared in only four games for Colorado that season and was again granted free agency in November.
The Cleveland Indians became Miller's fifth major league organization in five years when they signed him in February 2004. He became an integral part of the Indians' bullpen, appearing in 57 games and posting a 4-1 record, 3.09 ERA, 55 strikeouts, 23 walks and one save. He continued his success in 2005 before a strained elbow tendon in his throwing arm landed him on the disabled list in mid-July. He made two rehabilitation appearances in August, but was shut down for the season when the soreness in his elbow recurred. He appeared in 23 games for Cleveland in 2005 and was 1-0 with one save and a 1.82 ERA. He made the Indians opening day roster in 2006 and appeared in six games in April. But when his elbow symptoms returned during a game on April 19, he was again placed on the disabled list and the following week underwent surgery to repair the flexor tendon in the elbow. He returned in September and was effective in eight appearances. For the season, he was 1-0 with a 3.45 ERA in just 152⁄3 innings.
In 2007, Miller began the season on the disabled list with a right forearm strain. When he returned May 9, he was optioned to Buffalo and made 14 appearances for the Bisons before he was recalled to Cleveland June 10, when Jeremy Sowers was sent down to Buffalo. He made only two appearances for the Indians and was returned to Buffalo to make room on the roster for Jason Stanford who was inserted into the starting rotation in place of the ineffective Sowers.
After the 2007 season, Miller signed with the Boston Red Sox, but did not appear in a game for their organization before being traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates. On July 29, 2008, Miller announced his retirement, after posting a 4-7 record with a 5.82 ERA for Triple-A Indianapolis.
# Wallace Gordon

Wallace Clifford Gordon (April 21, 1881 - November 5, 1955) was a Negro leagues Utility player for several years before the founding of the first Negro National League.
Sportswriter Harry Daniels named Gordon to his 1909 "All American Team" saying he is "the best man ever to play third base in colored base ball." Daniels added that Gordon was "the peer of base-stealers."
Gordon played for many different teams, and played with some of the top pre-Negro leagues players, such as Dizzy Dismukes, Bingo DeMoss, Oscar Charleston, and Ben Taylor.
# Carla Quílez

Carla Quílez Alonso (Catalan:; born February 2008) is a Spanish actress and dancer. She is known for her starring role in the teen drama film Motherhood (2022), for which she won the Gaudí Award for Best New Performance.

## Early life

Carla Quílez Alonso was born in Barcelona, Spain, in February 2008, to Eva, a logistics administrator. She is a native of Horta, Barcelona.
Quílez has been dedicated to dance since the age of 6, covering various genres, starting with ballet, contemporary, ballet with tap, urban dance, and hip hop.

## Career

Quílez made her feature film debut in Pilar Palomero's teen drama Motherhood, portraying Carla, a pregnant teenager who arrives at a shelter for teenage mothers, where she receives support and forms bonds with other girls in the same situation. She got an audition for the film after Irene Roqué, the casting director, discovered one of her choreography videos on Instagram.
Her performance earned her the Silver Shell for Best Leading Performance ex aequo alongside Paul Kircher at the 70th San Sebastián International Film Festival, the Gaudí Award for Best New Performance, the CEC Medal for Best New Actress, and received a Feroz Award nomination for Best Actress in a Film.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes productions that have not yet been released |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2022 | Motherhood | Carla | |
| 2024 | La niña tatuada | Irene | Short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2024 | The Last Night at Tremore Beach | Bea | | |
| 2025 | Dime tu nombre † | | Miniseries |

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Title | Result |
| CEC Medals | 9 February 2022 | Best New Actress | Motherhood | Nominated |
| Feroz Awards | 28 January 2023 | Best Actress in a Film | Motherhood | Nominated |
| Gaudí Awards | 22 January 2023 | Best New Performance | Motherhood | Won |
| San Sebastián International Film Festival | 24 September 2022 | Silver Shell for Best Leading Performance | Motherhood | Won |
# Finnish rock art

Finnish rock art pictographs created during the Stone Age have been found at 127 sites around Finland. They consist mainly of brownish-red figures and markings painted onto steep granite walls, often overlooking waterways. There are scenes featuring people, boats, elk, fish and mysterious part human figures. The survival of the art in adverse climatic conditions is due to their protection by a naturally forming thin layer of silicon dioxide on the rock surface.
The Comb Ceramic Culture who lived in what is now Finland between 5000 BC and 2000 BC is credited with their production. The paints used included a mix of iron oxide, blood, and animal fat or egg, although traces of the organic materials are no longer detectable. Characteristic to the art are sacrificial parts (arrow points, bones, signs of fire, etc.) and the location on steep cliffs at water’s edge. Similar sites can be found in parts of Northern Sweden, Norway and Russia – mainly, it seems, in areas once populated by the Saami or other Finno-Ugric peoples.
The first paintings to be recognised as Stone Age were reported in 1911 by Jean Sibelius, whose eye was caught by strange patterns on a lakeside cliff near Hvitträsk, the home of his friend, architect Eliel Saarinen.
More paintings were discovered in the 1960s a few miles west of Hvitträsk at Juusjärvi. At first they were thought to be recent graffiti daubed by power line workers, but they were soon ascertained to be several thousand years old.
Most of the paintings lie in the Saimaa and Päijänne lake districts. By far the best-known site, at Astuvansalmi, has been proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Another site is Värikallio in the Hossa Hiking Area. This has unusual figures with triangular heads. The biggest painted area is in Central Finland, where the Saraakallio rock paintings includes 50–200 pictures, maybe even more.

## Gallery

* Astuvansalmi rock paintings (moose, human figures and a boat)
* Saraakallio rock paintings (moose)
# Doug Edwards (musician)

Douglas Fraser Edwards (March 15, 1946 – November 11, 2016) was a Canadian musician, composer and multi-instrumentalist best known for co-creating the hit song "Wildflower" for the pop/rock band Skylark. He was also part of The Hometown Band and later was bassist for Vancouver band Chilliwack.

## Early life

Edwards was born in Edmonton, Alberta to Dr. William Edwards and Muriel (née Brown) and learned piano from a young age.
His father was a doctor who frequently moved the family around to Saskatchewan and England for brief periods of time. Eventually they moved to Victoria, British Columbia when Edwards was a teenager, which was around the time he began to learn electric guitar and bass. He began playing in bands while in high school in Victoria.

## Music career

Edwards moved to Vancouver to join a band called The Villains, which had a regular gig at a night-club called Oil Can Harry's. He then toured with The 5th Dimension where he took on a role as session musician. Eventually that led him to join the band for TV appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show and secured an opening gig for Frank Sinatra and the Harry James Orchestra in Las Vegas.
As his career continued, Edwards began to look for other opportunities. He met singer B.J. Cook and David Foster, the latter of whom had just exited Ronnie Hawkins’s band and was looking to forge his next career step with Skylark.

### "Wildflower" creation and release

Edwards came across the blueprints for "Wildflower" almost by chance. Lyrics for the song were originally penned by Dave Richardson, a police officer in Saanich, B.C., who was good friends with Foster. He had sent a pile of poems over to him in hopes that Skylark might find inspiration for a song. Foster asked Edwards to sift through the pile, which is when he found the words to "Wildflower" and started to poke away at a melody on a Hammond organ.
The song appeared on the band's self-titled debut album and went gold in Canada and hit No. 9 on the U.S. Billboard charts. Edwards left the band before its breakup in 1975.

## Later career and death

He contributed to The Poppy Family’s "Which Way You Goin’, Billy?" in 1970. After Skylark broke up Edwards became a member of The Hometown Band, which released several albums in the late '70s including one with folk singer Valdy.
When The Hometown Band broke up, Edwards returned to session work, contributing bass guitar to Glass Tiger's "Don't Forget Me (When I'm Gone)"
He played in the band Chilliwack until illness forced him to stop performing in early 2016. Edwards died of cancer in Vancouver, British Columbia, at the age of 70.
# Élisabeth Gille

Élisabeth Gille (20 May 1937 in Paris – 30 September 1996) was a French translator and writer. She was the younger daughter of the French-Russian-Jewish writer Irène Némirovsky and Michel Epstein. She was the author of Le Mirador (1992), an imaginary biography of her mother. In addition to her book about her mother, she was also the primary editor at the French publishing house, Denoël. She died shortly after her novel, Un pays de cendres, based on the story of her and her sister Denise's survival, was published.
# Claude Gallimard

Claude Gallimard (10 January 1914 – 29 April 1991) was a French publisher and business leader.
The son of Gaston Gallimard, he was, from 1976 to 1988, the head of the publishing house Gallimard, founded by his father in 1911.

## Biography

Claude Gallimard worked in the family business of which he would become the president at the death of his father on 15 January 1976.
Married to Simone Cornu, he had with her four children who all worked in the book trades: Françoise, Christian, Antoine, and Isabelle.
In 1988, ill, Claude Gallimard handed the management of the group to his son Antoine, after removing his eldest son, Christian.
# François-Louis Schmied

François-Louis Schmied (November 8, 1873, in Geneva – January 1941 in Tahanaout, Morocco), was a French painter, wood engraver, printer, editor, illustrator, and bookbinder.
Of Swiss origin, François-Louis Schmied established himself in France, where he was later naturalized, and ultimately was exiled in Morocco around 1931 or 1932. He is considered a major artist in the Art Deco style, particularly in the area of publishing for bibliophiles. He is the father of engraver Théo Schmied, who directed François-Louis Schmied's workshop beginning in 1924.
In 1910, Schmied was commissioned to engrave and print Paul Jouve's illustrations for The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling.