OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Kandahar (1648–1649)

The siege of Kandahar, also known as the Kandahar campaign, was led by Shah Abbas II of Safavid Empire against the Mughal-held city of Kandahar, in modern day Afghanistan. It lasted from 28 December 1648 to 22 February 1649, and ended in the permanent loss of Kandahar by the Mughals.

## Background

Kandahar had been under Mughal control since 1638 when the Safavid commander Ali Mardan Khan handed it over to the Mughals. Safavids did not make a move over the city until 1648, when the Mughals were engaged in the campaigns in Balkh and Badakhshan, which proved to be a disaster. In the summer of 1648 Shah Abbas II led an army numbering 40,000 and after taking the city of Bost besieged Kandahar.

## Siege

The 7000-men strong Mughal garrison under Daulat Khan fortified their positions but made a fatal mistake of not safeguarding the two watch towers on the top of a nearby hill from which guns could be fired into the fort. Persians at once seized them and opened fire into the fort's interior. Due to winter, the Mughal garrison did not expect any reinforcement to arrive before spring. A portion of army under two Tartar chiefs who had entered the Mughal service after the end of the Balkh war, mutinied and opened negotiations with the Persians. Daulat Khan failed to maintain discipline within the troops and consequently, surrendered the fort to the Persians on 22 February 1649, on the promise of safe passageway to India.

## Aftermath

Shah Abbas II appointed Mihrab Khan as the governor, and returned to Isfahan. The siege cost Safavids 2000 men including 600 Qizilbash while Mughals suffered 400 casualties. Subsequently Mughals besieged Kandahar thrice between 1649 and 1653, but failed to re-capture it, making the loss of Kandahar permanent.
# Kromnów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Kromnów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kamienica, within Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.
# Krościna Mała

Krościna Mała is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prusice, within Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# László Földi (politician)

László Földi (born 7 September 1952) is a Hungarian politician, who served as the mayor of Cegléd between 2006 and 2014. He is a member of the National Assembly (MP) for Cegléd (Pest County Constituency XV then XII) since 2010. He was appointed one of the recorders of the parliament in May 2014.

## Personal life

He is married. His wife is Lászlóné Földi. They have four children.
# Tom Vaughn (American football)

Thomas Robert Vaughn (February 28, 1943 – July 5, 2020) was an American professional football player and coach. He played college football at Iowa State and as a safety in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions from 1965 to 1971.
Vaughn was born in 1943 at Troy, Ohio. He attended Troy High School where he was a high school All-American.
At Iowa State, he played as a fullback on offense and as a safety on defense. He tallied 1,889 rushing yards for Iowa State between 1962 and 1964. He also led the Big Eight Conference in punt returns in 1963 and 1964. As a senior, he was selected by both the Associated Press and UPI as a first-team defensive back on the 1964 All-Big Eight Conference football team.
He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the fifth round of the 1965 NFL draft. Between 1965 and 1971, he appeared in 88 games with the Lions, 61 as a starter, tallying nine interceptions and nine fumble recoveries. He also returned 62 kickoffs for 1,595 yards (25.7-yard average) and 33 punts for 298 yards (9.0-yard average).
After missing much of the 1971 season due to a head injury, Vaughn announced his retirement in June 1972. He said at the time that he had been knocked out 20 times and was tired of it.
After retiring as a player, he held assistant coaching positions with the Detroit Wheels (1974), Iowa State (1975), Missouri, Wyoming, and Arizona State.
Vaughn died in 2020, at age 77. He is one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is caused by repeated hits to the head.
# Gornja Vas, Zreče

Gornja Vas (pronounced; Slovene: Gornja vas) is a small settlement west of Stranice in the Municipality of Zreče in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## History

Gornja Vas was administratively separated from Stranice in 1998 and made an independent settlement.
# Telephone numbers in Puerto Rico

18°13′20″N 66°25′49″W﻿ / ﻿18.2223°N 66.4303°W﻿ / 18.2223; -66.4303
Telephone numbers in Puerto Rico are assigned under the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). Their area codes are 787 and 939.
Prior to March 1, 1996, Puerto Rico was one of many Caribbean islands served by area code 809. On that date Puerto Rico was assigned the new area code 787. Permissive dialing of 809 ended January 31, 1997.
Within only four years, 787 was already on the brink of exhaustion due to the proliferation of cell phones and dial-up Internet connections. To solve the problem, 787 was overlaid with area code 939 in or about September 2001, with ten-digit dialing required for all calls.
# Matthias Pennypacker Farm

The Matthias Pennypacker Farm, also known as the Tinker Dam Farm, is an historic, American farmhouse that is located in Schuylkill Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## History and architectural features

This historic structure consists of two sections in the shape of an "L" and s designed in the Georgian style. It is constructed of rubble masonry and has a slate gable roof. The older section pre-dates the American Revolution and is two stories and two bays wide. The main portion dates to 1830, and is three stories high and five bays wide. Also located on the property are a small stone smokehouse, spring house, root cellar, and large stone barn measuring forty feet by sixty feet, which dates to 1830.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
# European Youth Portal

The European Youth Portal is a multi-lingual website addressing young people in Europe and providing access to youth related European and national information. The aim of the European Youth Portal is to provide young people aged 13 to 30 across Europe with information and opportunities around a wide range of topics based on the EU Youth Strategy, including education, employment, participation, culture, social inclusion, health, mobility and volunteering. One of its major strengths is that this content is provided at European and national levels through a partnership between the European Commission and Eurodesk, and is available in up to 27 different languages, covering 33 countries.

## Background

The European Youth Portal is an initiative of the European Commission and was launched in 2004. The portal was suggested in the European Commission's White Paper "A new impetus for European Youth". It has been developed with and for young people, particularly in association with Eurodesk and the European Youth Forum. In April 2009, the European Commission adopted the EU Youth Strategy. One of the strategy's objectives is to enhance the participation of all young people in society and to increase their participation in civic life and in representative democracy. It is also stated in the Council Resolution of 27 November 2009 on a renewed framework for European cooperation in the youth field (2010–2018)." To this end, the European Commission re-launched the European Youth Portal in May 2013 with a new look and feel, and new content. It replaced the previous one which was no longer meeting the growing expectations of its young audience.

## Management

The Eurodesk network - a permanent support structure of the European Union's 'Youth in Action' programme - is responsible for managing the content, contributing to its translation and promoting the portal.
# Élysée Accords

The Elysée Accords were an agreement signed at the Élysée Palace on 8 March 1949 by ex-emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, Bảo Đại, which gave the State of Vietnam greater independence from France within the French Union. The Accords received final ratification by the French National Assembly on 29 January 1950, and were signed by French President Vincent Auriol on 2 February. The agreement was intended to increase U.S. support for France's actions in Indochina as well as to convince Bảo Đại that France would give Vietnam greater independence. The accords stated that Vietnam could conduct its own foreign affairs, control its finances and have an army; although, the agreements fell short of granting complete independence.
The agreements led to the U.S. moving from a position of neutrality to supporting Bảo Đại. The French portrayed their actions in Indochina as fighting the communism of Hồ Chí Minh while attempting to regain control of their colonies after World War II.

## Content

The agreement was compared to the British Commonwealth of Nations, though fell short in many aspects. Vietnam was empowered to control its own finances and the path was paved for the creation of the Vietnamese National Army. Vietnam was granted the right to appoint diplomats to China, Thailand, and the Vatican City, whilst the remainder of Vietnamese foreign policy remained under French control.

## Effects

Whilst intending to prevent further nationalist sentiment, the Elysée Accords had the opposite effect - showing Vietnamese nationalists that the French were unwilling to compromise their interests in Indochina. Ngo Dinh Diem rejected an offer of Prime Minister in the new Vietnam, saying "the national aspirations of the Vietnamese people will be satisfied only when our nation obtains the same status India and Pakistan enjoy".
On 22 July 1949, the United States State Department declared that the Elysée Accords were developments that realized the aspirations of the Vietnamese people, though the US did not immediately recognize the new state, much to the disappointment of France. US support in South Vietnam grew steadily in 1949 and 1950 and with the loss of China in October 1949 and the recognition of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam by the Soviet Union in January 1950, the United States eventually recognized the Bảo Đại government in February and granted $15 million in military aid.
# Jasper Becker

Jasper Martin Becker (born 19 May 1956) is a British author, commentator, and journalist who has spent two decades as a foreign correspondent, mostly in China.

## Journalism

In 1995, he joined the staff of the Hong Kong–based South China Morning Post. He was later promoted to the senior position of Beijing bureau chief, which meant he was in charge of all mainland content. In 2002, he lost his job, in an experience he writes about in a Washington Post column headlined "Why I Was Fired in Hong Kong."
Given his often critical views of China, his abrupt removal was considered by some to be a sign of deteriorating press freedoms in Hong Kong. Becker's dismissal for "insubordination" was widely reported in the international media. He was fired after commenting that the paper was restricting his reporting and downplaying coverage on AIDS and labour disturbances on the Mainland.

## Publications

Becker's books include:
* The Lost Country: Mongolia Revealed (1992)
* Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine (John Murray, 1996), about the Great Chinese Famine
* The Chinese (John Murray, 2000)
* Rogue Regime: Kim Jong Il and the Looming Threat of North Korea (Oxford University Press, 2005).
* Dragon Rising: An Inside Look at China Today (2007)
* Mongolia: Travels in the Untamed Land (2008)
* The City of Heavenly Tranquility: Beijing in the History of China (2008)
* Made in China: Wuhan, Covid and the Quest for Biotech Supremacy (2021)
Becker has published both reportage and commentary for many news publications, including The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Globe and Mail in Canada, Business Week, the London Review of Books and the Times Literary Supplement.

## Commentator

He is considered an expert in Asian politics, and has appeared as a commentator on CNN and the BBC. American television networks often use him as a guest expert. He discussed the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 with CBS's 60 Minutes and North Korea on ABC's Nightline with Ted Koppel, Primetime Live with Diane Sawyer, and ABC World News Tonight with Peter Jennings.

## Political career

Between 2015 and 2019, Becker was elected as a Conservative councillor for the Widcombe ward of Bath and North East Somerset Council.
# Björn Skúlason

Björn Skúlason (born July 20, 1973) is an Icelandic businessman and husband of Halla Tómasdóttir, the current president of Iceland.
* This business-related Icelandic biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This biographical article related to politics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# San Marino at the 1984 Summer Olympics

San Marino competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. 19 competitors, 18 men and 1 woman, took part in 26 events in 7 sports.

## Coins commissioned

There were 2 coins commissioned in celebration the participation of The Republic of San Marino. One coin with a face value of 500 Sammarinese lira depicting the Three Towers of San Marino, three people and the Olympic symbols. The other worth a face value of 1000 Sammarinese lira showing the Three Towers of San Marino and two people standing on the Olympic symbols holding up a bird of prey.

## Athletics

Men's 20 km Walk
* Stefano Casali
   * Final — 1:35:48 (→ 35th place)
Men's 800 meter
* Manlio Molinari
   * Heat — 1:57.09 (→ 62nd place)

## Cycling

One cyclist represented San Marino in 1984.

### Individual road race

* Maurizio Casadei — did not finish (→ no ranking)

## Gymnastics

* Maurizio Zonzini

### Men's individual all around

ranked 65

### Men's floor exercise

Ranked 66

### Men's horse vault

Ranked 63

### Men's parallel bars

Ranked 61

### Men's horizontal bars

Ranked 68

### Men's rings

Ranked 68

### Men's pommeled horse

Ranked 34

## Judo
### Men's extra-lightweight

* Alberto Francini
   * Ranked 18

### Men's middleweight

* Franch Casadei
   * Ranked 18

## Sailing
### Men's windsurfer

* Flavio Pelliccioni
   * ranked 29

## Shooting
### Men's Rapid-Fire Pistol, 25 metres

* Eliseo Paolini
   * Ranked 29
* Bruno Morri
   * Ranked 34

### Men's Free Pistol, 50 metres

* Germano Bollini
   * Tied for 51 with Gianfranco Giardi
* Gianfranco Giardi
   * Tied for 51 with Germano Bollini

### Men's Air Rifle, 10 metres

* Pasquale Raschi
   * Ranked 51

### Men's Small-Bore Rifle, Three Positions, 50 metres

* Pasquale Raschi
   * Ranked 49
* Alfredo Pelliccioni
   * Ranked 51

### Men's Small-Bore Rifle, Prone, 50 metres

* Francesco Nanni
   * Ranked 5 (best performance of entire Olympic team)
* Pier Paolo Taddei
   * Ranked 62

### Mixed Trap

* Luciano Santolini
   * Ranked 31
* Elio Gasperoni
   * 48

## Swimming

Men's 100m Freestyle
* Michele Piva
   * Heat — 59.26 (→ did not advance, 63rd place)
Men's 200m Freestyle
* Michele Piva
   * Heat — 2:15.39 (→ did not advance, 54th place)
Men's 100m Breaststroke
* Michele Piva
   * Heat — 1:16.21 (→ did not advance, 48th place)
Men's 200m Individual Medley
* Michele Piva
   * Heat — 2:29.81 (→ did not advance, 41st place)
Women's 100m Freestyle
* Daniela Galassi
   * Heat — 1:06.19 (→ did not advance, 44th place)
Women's 200m Freestyle
* Daniela Galassi
   * Heat — 2:19.22 (→ did not advance, 34th place)
# Krościna Wielka

Krościna Wielka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prusice, within Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was part of Germany.
# George Floyd protests in Alaska

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This is a list of George Floyd protests in Alaska, United States. Protests occurred in at least thirteen various communities in the state.

## Locations
### Anchorage

Two peaceful demonstrations were held on May 30. A march, organized by a high school student via Instagram, began at Town Square. About a hundred protesters marched for about 45 minutes while chanting and holding signs. A rally, organized separately and attended by hundreds of people, took place in midtown where pastors and community activists spoke in solidarity for justice.

### Bethel

On June 2, a crowd of over 100 residents gathered at the Bethel Cultural Center and peacefully protested the murder of George Floyd. Protesters marched, carried signs and chanted, "I can't breathe" in support of the Black Lives Matter Movement.

### Fairbanks

On May 30, over 400 peaceful protesters took part in a rally and march from Veteran's Memorial Park to Golden Heart Plaza organized by the Fairbanks NAACP and the statewide group Native Movement.

### Haines

On June 2, an event drew approximately 200 people, where a moment of silence lasting eight minutes and 46 seconds was held, among other activities.

### Homer

More than 80 people attended a gathering on June 1 and 40 additional people on the next day. One young mother, whose children were in attendance, held a sign that read "Mama", one of Floyd's last words. The event was held at Wisdom, Knowledge, Faith & Love Park on Pioneer Avenue.

### Juneau

On May 30, people held signs decrying violence against black people and calling out institutional racism, many supporting the Black Lives Matter movement. June 6: Hundreds of vocal protesters gathered in Marine Park for a Black Lives Matter rally followed by a march to Douglas Bridge to drop flowers in the water.

### Ketchikan

Protesters demonstrated at the corner of Tongass Avenue and Jefferson Street on June 3.

### Kodiak

In Kodiak on June 4, dozens of people gathered, carrying signs and showing support for George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter movement.

### Kotzebue

At least 20 people marched through Kotzebue on June 2.

### Nome

150 people gathered for a protest across from town hall on June 10.

### Palmer

1,400 people peacefully gathered and marched in the town's historic downtown on June 6 with a call to end racism and to protest the murder of George Floyd.

### Sitka

Around 250 local residents gathered in Totem Square on June 1, the attendees shared in a seven-minute moment of silence and two traditional Tlingit songs of peace.

### Soldotna

On June 3, around 50 people gathered at Soldotna Creek Park and marched to the intersection at Sterling Highway and Kenai Spur Highway to demand justice for George Floyd.

### Utqiaġvik

People met at the whale bone arch near the Top of the World Hotel in Utqiaġvik on June 6 to protest the murder of Floyd and police brutality. Protesters raised their fists in solidarity and observed a moment of silence for eight minutes. One of the organizers also expressed hope for police reform, including demilitarizing the police and banning the use of chokeholds such as the knee-on-neck choke.
# Uncas (brig)

Uncas was one of three brigs used as slave ships that were owned by the American slave-trading firm Franklin & Armfield. Uncas was built in Connecticut in 1833 and weighed 155 tons. The two-masted brig cost US$7,250 (equivalent to $228,900 in 2023).
She was a packet-style coastwise transport between Alexandria, Virginia and New Orleans, Louisiana. Her sisters were Isaac Franklin and Tribune. Rice Ballard owned one-third of Uncas.
As of approximately 1836, the master of Uncas was Nathaniel Boush. Around 1837 she was sold to slave trader William H. Williams, owner of the Yellow House in Washington, D.C. While owned by Williams, she was used to ship 27 enslaved convicts from Virginia who had been condemned to death but were sold to Rudolph Littlejohn with Williams as surety. The slaves were sold on the terms that they could be sold outside the United States but not within. The governor of Virginia corresponded with the mayor of Mobile, Alabama, and warned him that Williams and Littlejohn might try to land the Uncas in Mobile and sell them there.
Still later she was sold to Brazilian slave trader Manoel Pinto da Fonseca.
# Fabio (footballer, born 1996)

Fabio de Sousa Silva (born 30 January 1996) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Swedish club Trollhättan.
# Yael Dayan

Yael Dayan (Hebrew: יעל דיין; 12 February 1939 – 18 May 2024), also known as Yaël Dayan, was an Israeli politician and author. She served as a member of the Knesset between 1992 and 2003, and from 2008 to 2013 was the chair of Tel Aviv city council. Her service on the city council ended with the 2013 election. She was the daughter of Moshe Dayan and the sister of Assi and Udi Dayan.

## Early life and education

Dayan was born in Nahalal during the British Mandate, the daughter of Moshe Dayan and Ruth Schwartz, granddaughter of Shmuel Dayan. After serving in the IDF as a captain in the Spokesperson's Unit, Dayan studied international relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and biology at the Open University of Israel.

## Career

Between 1959 and 1967, Dayan was in a relationship with Greek Cypriot theatre and film director, writer, producer, and actor Michael Cacoyannis and lived in Greece. She later married Dov Sion, with whom she had two children. Dayan died from lung disease on 18 May 2024, at the age of 85.

## Literary career

Dayan first made a name for herself as an author and newspaper columnist, writing columns for Yedioth Ahronoth, Ma'ariv, Al HaMishmar, and Davar. She published five novels as well as a memoir of the Six-Day War called Israel Journal: June 1967 and a biography of her father titled My Father, His Daughter.

## Political career

Dayan became a peace activist, joining the leadership of Peace Now, and was also involved in Bat Shalom, the International Center for Peace and the Council for Peace and Security, giving lectures around the world on the topics of peace and security. In Israel, she campaigned for human rights, women's rights, and LGBT rights.
In 1992, Dayan was elected to the Knesset on the Labor Party list and served as chairwoman of the Committee on the Status of Women. She was instrumental in pushing forward Israel's sexual harassment law in the 1990s. Re-elected in 1996 and 1999 (as a member of One Israel, an alliance of Labor, Meimad and Gesher), Dayan became chairwoman of the Committee on the Status of Women for a second time in 1999. She lost her seat in the 2003 elections, and left Labor to join Meretz with Yossi Beilin. Dayan headed the Meretz list in the Tel Aviv municipal elections in 2004, with the party winning 5 out of 31 Seats on council and joining Ron Huldai's coalition. Until 2008 she served as Deputy Mayor and until 2013 she was responsible for social services. Huldai chose not to include Dayan on his list of candidates for the 2013 election, effectively ending her political career.

## Published works
### Fiction

* New Face in the Mirror – 1959
* Envy The Frightened – 1961
* Dust – 1963
* Death Had Two Sons – 1967
* Three Weeks in the Fall – 1979

### Non-fiction

* The Promised Land: Memoirs of Shmuel Dayan (editor) – 1961
* Israel Journal: June 1967 (also known as A Soldier's Diary) – 1967
* My Father, His Daughter – 1985