OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cornish Art Colony

The Cornish Art Colony (or Cornish Artists’ Colony, or Cornish Colony) was a popular art colony centered in Cornish, New Hampshire, from about 1895 through the years of World War I. Attracted by the natural beauty of the area, about 100 artists, sculptors, writers, designers, and politicians lived there either full-time or during the summer months. With views across the Connecticut River Valley to Mount Ascutney in Vermont, the bucolic scenery was considered to resemble that of an Italian landscape.
The central figure of the Cornish Colony was Augustus Saint-Gaudens. Beginning around 1885, Augustus attracted a summer colony of artists that grew into a single extended social network. Some were related, some were friends, some were promising students from the Art Students League of New York that Saint-Gaudens had co-founded, and some were Saint-Gaudens' assistants who developed significant careers of their own.
After his death in 1907 it slowly dissipated. His house and gardens are now preserved as Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site.
Though the colony's name referred to its social center in the village of Cornish, geographically it was spread out over the villages of Windsor, Vermont, and Plainfield, New Hampshire, as well. Windsor was the mailing address for the entire area and the arrival point of most of the colonists, who usually came from New York City by train.

## People associated with the Cornish Colony

The following people are known to have been part of the colony:
* Adeline Pond Adams, poet and art historian
* Herbert Adams, sculptor
* Ethel Barrymore, actress
* George de Forest Brush, painter
* Witter Bynner, poet
* Winston Churchill, American novelist
* Kenyon Cox, painter and muralist
* Herbert Croly, author and architect
* Thomas Dewing, painter
* Marie Dressler, actress
* Isadora Duncan, dancer
* Arthur Farwell, composer
* Barry Faulkner, muralist and mosaicist
* Daniel Chester French, sculptor
* Henry Brown Fuller, painter
* Lucia Fairchild Fuller, painter
* Learned Hand, judge
* Percy MacKaye, dramatist
* Paul Manship, sculptor
* Rose Standish Nichols, garden designer, writer, and activist
* Maxfield Parrish, painter and muralist
* Stephen Parrish, painter and etcher
* Maxwell Perkins, editor
* Charles A. Platt, architect and garden designer
* Frederic Remington, painter, sculptor and author
* Augustus Saint-Gaudens, sculptor
* Louis St. Gaudens, sculptor and Augustus Saint-Gaudens' brother
* Everett Shinn, painter and illustrator
* Florence Scovel Shinn, illustrator and writer
* Ellen Biddle Shipman, landscape architect
* Bessie Potter Vonnoh, sculptor
* Robert Vonnoh, painter
* Woodrow Wilson, American president
* William Zorach, sculptor
* Willard Metcalf, painter
# Beyond Doubt

Beyond Doubt is a science fiction story written by Robert A. Heinlein, originally printed in Astonishing Stories in April 1941 under the pen name "Lyle Monroe and Elma Wentz".
It was published again in 1984 as by Heinlein in Election Day 2084: Science Fiction Stories on the Politics of the Future (edited by Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg), and posthumously in 2005 in the Heinlein collection Off the Main Sequence.

## Plot

The short story is prefaced by an excerpt from an article about Professor J. Howard Erlenmeyer, who claims to have solved the mystery of the Easter Island statues, saying they were beyond doubt religious artifacts.
On the continent Mu, in the province of Lac, a governor is about to be elected. Robar, Clevum and Dolph are three campaign workers trying to get Talus elected, but every time they have an idea to counter the smear campaign from incumbent governor Vortus, their boss Oric claims Talus is so noble that he won't allow it. Finally they decide to distribute stone statue caricatures (huge noses and bat ears) of Vortus to the polling places at election day. Oric agrees and says he will get a priest to levitate the statues, but no priest ever arrives. The three workers realize Oric has sold them out. In a last-ditch attempt, they recruit an alcoholic ex-priest to perform the levitation, but he only manages to scatter the statues over a short distance before succumbing to a drunken stupor. Admitting defeat, Clevus states that he sometimes thinks that what their country needs is an earthquake.
# Bows & Arrows

Bows & Arrows may refer to:
* Bows & Arrows (album), a 2015 album by Cindy Morgan
* Bows + Arrows, a 2004 album by The Walkmen
* "Bows & Arrows", a song by Kaiser Chiefs from the album Education, Education, Education & War
# Habronyx

Habronyx is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe, Australia, and North and South America.

## Distribution

Habronyx species are found in most realms, with the exception of the Afrotropical realm.

## Reproduction

Habronyx adults lay their eggs inside Lepidopteran larvae (i.e. caterpillars) by piercing them with their ovipositor. Habronyx eggs consist of an equatorial disc and a caudal stalk, making them look a bit like the cartoon oil lamp from Aladdin. It's thought that the shape is adapted to attach the egg to the inside of the caterpillar's integument. Once the eggs hatch, the Habronyx larvae consume the caterpillar from the inside. They emerge from the deceased caterpillar as adults.

## Description

The adult of most Habronyx species are generally about 30 mm (1.2 in) in length.
Like all ichneumons, the genitals of the male Habronyx consists of a capsule formed by two lateral gonosquamae. The membraneous part of the aedeagus is covered in small spines; Habryonx shares this feature with several other genera but some genera have a smooth aedeagus.

## Species

* Habronyx aclerivorus (Rohwer, 1915)
* Habronyx albifrons (Spinola, 1851)
* Habronyx amoenus Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx ariasae Gauld & Bradshaw, 1997
* Habronyx atropos Gauld, 1976
* Habronyx australasiae (Morley, 1913)
* Habronyx baibarense (Uchida, 1928)
* Habronyx baibarensis (Uchida, 1928)
* Habronyx carmonai Gauld & Bradshaw, 1997
* Habronyx citrinus Porter, 2007
* Habronyx clothos Gauld, 1976
* Habronyx coarctatus (Ashmead, 1900)
* Habronyx columbianus Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx discoidellus (Sonan, 1930)
* Habronyx edwardsii (Cresson, 1879)
* Habronyx elegans (Shestakov, 1923)
* Habronyx flavistigma Davis, 1898
* Habronyx flavus (Alvarado, 2015) (subgenus Camposcopus)
* Habronyx foveolatus Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx fulvipes (Townes, Momoi & Townes, 1965) - taxon renamed from Habronyx Chinesis (Uchida 1955)
* Habronyx heros (Wesmael, 1849)
* Habronyx insidiator (Smith, 1874)
* Habronyx lachesis Gauld, 1976
* Habronyx latens (Brues, 1910)
* Habronyx limbatus Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx luteopectus (Norton, 1863)
* Habronyx magniceps (Cresson, 1872)
* Habronyx majorocellus Wang, 1989
* Habronyx minutus Ward, 2015
* Habronyx neomexicanus Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx nigricornis (Wesmael, 1849)
* Habronyx nigrifrons (Alvarado, 2015) subgenus Habronyx
* Habronyx oregonus Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx pammi Gauld, 1976
* Habronyx peltatus Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx perspicuus (Wesmael, 1849)
* Habronyx perturbans (Morley, 1913)
* Habronyx punensis Porter, 2007
* Habronyx pyretorum (Cameron, 1912)
* Habronyx regalis (Morley, 1913)
* Habronyx robustus (Morley, 1913)
* Habronyx saqsaywaman (Alvarado, 2015) subgenus Habronyx
* Habronyx severini Dasch, 1984
* Habronyx sonani (Uchida, 1958)
* Habronyx subinsidiator Wang, 1985
* Habronyx sulcator (Morley, 1913)
* Habronyx tonnaiensis (Uchida, 1929)
* Habronyx trilineatus (Cameron, 1906)
* Habronyx victorianus (Morley, 1913)
# Saint-Amand, Creuse

Saint-Amand (French pronunciation:; Auvergnat: Sent Amand) is a commune in the Creuse department of the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in central France.

## Politics and administration
### List of mayors

List of successive mayors of Saint-Amand :
| In office | In office | Mayor | Party | Capacity |
| Incomplete values are to be completed. ||||||
| March 2001 | March 2008 | Jean-Jacques Nadaud | DVD | General Councillor |
| March 2008 | July 2020 | Jean-Marie Le Guiader | DVD | Professor |
| July 2020 | Incumbent | Laurence Chevreux | | |

## Local culture and heritage
### Historic locations and monuments

* The Château de Fot in neo-gothic style.
* Saint-Amand church with its bell-gable.
# Wilhelm Anderson

Wilhelm Robert Karl Anderson (28 October [O.S. 16 October] 1880 – 26 March 1940) was a Russian-Estonian astrophysicist of Baltic German descent who studied the physical structure of the stars.

## Life

Wilhelm Anderson was born in Minsk (now in Belarus) into a Baltic German family. His younger brothers were the well known mathematician Oskar Anderson (1887–1960) and the folklorist Walter Anderson (1885–1962). Anderson spent some of his youth in Kazan, where his father Nikolai Anderson (1845–1905) was a university professor for Finno-Ugric languages.
He studied at the University of Kazan, where he graduated from the department of mathematics and science in 1909. Between 1910 and 1920, he worked as a physics teacher first in Samara and then from 1918 in Minsk. Together with his brother Walter Anderson, he moved to Tartu (Estonia) in 1920. At the University of Tartu, he first gained a Masters degree in Astronomy in 1923 and then a Doctorate in 1927. In 1934 he became a habilitation candidate at the university, and in 1936 he received an assistant professorship there, but early in 1939 he suffered a mental breakdown which left him unable to work. Like the majority of Baltic Germans, in January 1940 he was resettled to Germany, where he died in the Sanatorium of Meseritz-Obrawalde, shortly thereafter. It has been suggested that Anderson may have been a victim of the National Socialist "euthanasia" program.
Anderson is probably best known for his work on the mass limit for a white dwarf (one of the final evolutionary states of a star), extending Edmund Stoner's earlier work by relativistic amplification (1929, Tartu), which was in turn further improved by Stoner. The Stoner-Anderson equation of state, a result of Anderson's correspondence with Stoner, is named after him. The white dwarf mass limit was further refined by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and is now known as the Chandrasekhar limit.

## Work (selection)

* Über die Existenzmöglichkeit von kosmischem Staube in der Sonnenkorona. Zeitschrift für Physik 28, Berlin, 1924.
* Die physikalische Natur der Sonnenkorona. PhD Thesis published in six parts in Zeitschrift für Physik (in German): I. Z. Phys. 33, 1925, II. Z. Phys. 34, 1925, III. Z. Phys. 35, 1926, IV. Z. Phys. 37, 1926, V. Z. Phys. 38, 1926, VI. Z. Phys. 41, 1927,
* Gewöhnliche Materie und strahlende Energie als verschiedene "Phasen" eines und desselben Grundstoffes. Zeitschrift für Physik 54, Berlin, 1929.
* Über die Grenzdichte der Materie und der Energie. Zeitschrift für Physik 56, Berlin, 1929.
# Brian Russell (priest)

Brian Kenneth Russell (born 1 August 1950) is a British Anglican priest. He was Archdeacon of Aston from 2005 to 2014.
Russell was educated at Bristol Grammar School, Trinity Hall Cambridge and Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was ordained deacon in 1976, and priest in 1977. He was Curate at St Matthew, Redhill from 1976 to 1979; Priest in charge at St John, Kirk Merrington from 1979 to 1983; Director of Studies and Lecturer in Christian Doctrine at Lincoln Theological College from 1983 to 1986; Secretary to the Committee for Theological Education of the ACCM from 1986 to 1993; and the Bishops Director for Ministries for the Diocese of Birmingham from 1993 until his appointment as Archdeacon.
Since 2014 he has been Senior Chaplain at St Edmund, Oslo.
# Deuriopus

Deuriopus or Derriopos (Strabo: Δευρίοπος Deuriopos; Stephanus of Byzantium: Δουρίοπος Douriopos) was a subdivision of Paionia, in what is today North Macedonia. Its exact limits are unclear, but it is known that it contained lands around the river Crna (ancient Erigonus). The towns Bryanium (Bruanion in ancient Greek) and Styberra (also known as Stuberrha) (near today's Prilep) were located in Deuriopus. According to Livy, Philip V of Macedon founded the city of Perseis in Deuriopus, named after his eldest son, Perseus.
After the defeat in the Battle of Pydna in 168 BCE, Macedonia was severely punished and reduced to a Roman province when also Perseida as a town must have been quickly renamed to Deuriopus, to carry the same name as the whole region of Deuriopus. There is a stone with inscription said to be found on the site of Styberra, erected there with the aim to commemorate a donation of 1500 denari, by Philip, who was a politarch of Deuriopus, i.e. an elected governor of the town during the Roman era of Macedonia.
# Corinth (municipality)

The municipality of Corinth is a Greek municipality located in the Peleponnese region established on 1 January 2011 under the Kallikratis Plan for local government reform. The municipality is made up of five previous municipalities: Assos-Lechaio, Corinth, Saronikos, Tenea and Solygeia. The area of the new municipality is 611.29 square kilometers and it has a population of 55,641, based on the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality is Corinth and its symbol is the Pegasus.

## Sources

* ↑ Municipality of Corinth, Municipal elections – October 2023, Ministry of Interior
* ↑ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
* ↑ "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
* ↑ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
# Coisogenic strain

Coisogenic strains are one type of inbred strain that differs by a mutation at a single locus and all of the other loci are identical. There are numerous ways to create an inbred strain and each of these strains are unique. Genetically engineered mice can be considered a coisogenic strain if the only difference between the engineered mouse and a wild-type mouse is a specific locus. Coisogenic strains can be used to investigate the function of a certain genetic locus.
Coisogenic strains can be induced chemically or through radiation however, other types of alterations within the genome may also occur. Coisogenic strains may also occur through a spontaneous mutation that occurs in an inbred strain. To create a coisogenic strain through breeding, a mouse with the specific mutation on a locus is mated to an inbred strain (e.g., C57BL/6J) mouse.
The offspring of the mutated mouse with the inbred strain has a 50% chance of carrying the mutation. From this, the offspring with the mutation can be mated to a heterozygous carrier which then creates offspring with 75% of the genetic background. This backcrossing is then continued until more than 99% is genetic background and the mutated locus is inherited. However, if the specific mutation cannot be passed on, heterozygous animals should be used to breed with the original inbred strain. Full-sib mating are used to maintain coisogenic strains if the specific gene locus is homozygous. However, a regular backcrossing of these coisogenic strains with their standard parental strain is preferred in order to avoid subline divergence.
# Philip Sugden (artist)

Philip Sugden (born April 1949) studied art in Paris under French painter, Arnaud D'Hauterives (winner Grand Prix de Rome). After graduating from the New York School of Visual Arts and the Paris American Academie des Beaux Arts in Paris, he made twelve journeys throughout the Himalaya and Tibet, including the Kingdom of Mustang and Ladakh. In May 2007, he and writer, Carole Elchert were married by Lama Nawang Tenzin at Tengboche Monastery near Mt. Everest.
In 1990, Philip and his wife were awarded grants from the Ohio Joint Projects in the Arts and Humanities and the National Endowment for the Humanities, to create a Public Television presentation and companion book based on their 1988 Cultural Arts Expedition to the Himalaya and Tibet. They were guests of the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government in Exile, and spent six months in Tibetan communities throughout India, Nepal, Ladakh and Tibet gathering images and recordings for the production entitled, White Lotus, An Introduction to Tibetan Culture, (companion book published by Snow Lion 1991). According to the 1991 articles from the Cleveland Plain Dealer and The Toledo Blade Sunday magazine articles, Sugden completed 165 ink drawings on location during that trip.
In 1991, Sugden co-organized the Dalai Lama's two-day visit to his home and studio in Findlay, Ohio. While there the Dalai Lama spoke at The University of Findlay, where Mr. Sugden was a part-time art faculty at the time. According to The Findlay Courier articles written at the time, the Dalai Lama visited Sugden's studio where he accepted one Sugden's drawings.
During that same year, Sugden was a guest curator at the Nicholas Roerich Museum in New York City, where he organized a six-month series of exhibitions, which included a solo show of works by Robert Rauschenberg, celebrating the 1991 International Year of Tibet. In the summer of 1998 Sugden was invited by, "Artists for Tibet," to mount a solo exhibition at the Denis Bibro Gallery in New York City as part of “Art Against Chinese Human Right Abuses.”
During his thirty-five-year career, Sugden's work has been exhibited in over one-hundred solo shows internationally including New York City, Los Angeles, London, Paris, Washington D.C., Melbourne, and Kathmandu. Mr. Sugden became the first visual artist to be placed on the Marathon Performing Arts Center's "Wall of Fame" in 2019. He is the Co-Producer and Director of the Documentary, "Activismo: Art & Dissidence in Cuba," that focuses on five Cuban artists, including Tania Bruguera, who have been labeled as dissidents by the Cuban government. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Fine Arts at Bluffton University.
# Circular-arc graph

In graph theory, a circular-arc graph is the intersection graph of a set of arcs on the circle. It has one vertex for each arc in the set, and an edge between every pair of vertices corresponding to arcs that intersect.
Formally, let
    $I_{1},I_{2},\ldots ,I_{n}\subset C_{1}$
be a set of arcs. Then the corresponding circular-arc graph is G = (V, E) where
    $V=\{I_{1},I_{2},\ldots ,I_{n}\}$
and
    $\{I_{\alpha },I_{\beta }\}\in E\iff I_{\alpha }\cap I_{\beta }\neq \varnothing .$
A family of arcs that corresponds to G is called an arc model.

## Recognition

Tucker (1980) demonstrated the first polynomial recognition algorithm for circular-arc graphs, which runs in ${\mathcal {O}}(n^{3})$ time. McConnell (2003) gave the first linear $({\mathcal {O}}(n+m))$ time recognition algorithm, where $m$ is the number of edges. More recently, Kaplan and Nussbaum developed a simpler linear time recognition algorithm.

## Relation to other graph classes

Circular-arc graphs are a natural generalization of interval graphs. If a circular-arc graph G has an arc model that leaves some point of the circle uncovered, the circle can be cut at that point and stretched to a line, which results in an interval representation. Unlike interval graphs, however, circular-arc graphs are not always perfect, as the odd chordless cycles C$_5$, C$_7$, etc., are circular-arc graphs.

## Some subclasses

In the following, let $G=(V,E)$ be an arbitrary graph.

### Unit circular-arc graphs

$G$ is a unit circular-arc graph if there exists a corresponding arc model such that each arc is of equal length.
The number of labelled unit circular-arc graphs on n vertices is given by $(n+2){\binom {2n-1}{n-1}}-2^{2n-1}$.

### Proper circular-arc graphs

$G$ is a proper circular-arc graph (also known as a circular interval graph) if there exists a corresponding arc model such that no arc properly contains another. Recognizing these graphs and constructing a proper arc model can both be performed in linear $({\mathcal {O}}(n+m))$ time. They form one of the fundamental subclasses of the claw-free graphs.

### Helly circular-arc graphs

$G$ is a Helly circular-arc graph if there exists a corresponding arc model such that the arcs constitute a Helly family. Gavril (1974) gives a characterization of this class that implies an ${{\mathcal {O}}(n^{3})}$ recognition algorithm.
Joeris et al. (2009) give other characterizations of this class, which imply a recognition algorithm that runs in O(n+m) time when the input is a graph. If the input graph is not a Helly circular-arc graph, then the algorithm returns a certificate of this fact in the form of a forbidden induced subgraph. They also gave an O(n) time algorithm for determining whether a given circular-arc model has the Helly property.

## Applications

Circular-arc graphs are useful in modeling periodic resource allocation problems in operations research. Each interval represents a request for a resource for a specific period repeated in time.
# Quota (2020 film)

Quota is a 2020 Indian Tamil-language film directed by P. Amudhavanan, produced by Team A Ventures, and starring Chella, Saji Subarna, Naresh Madeswar, Bhavass, and Niharika. The film tells the story of two underprivileged children who struggle to achieve their dreams.

## Plot

The plot revolves around a talented child from a tribal hamlet who yearns to become a gymnast. But, his economic condition and identity are a huge deterrent to his dream. Though the film begins with a tribute to the tribal freedom fighter and leader Birsa Munda, it does not focus on a particular caste or tribe. The spotlight is primarily on how children from underprivileged backgrounds continue to struggle to achieve their dreams, when it shouldn’t be so. Why can’t every talented child get his/her due?
It relates the situation faced by an ambitious, loyal and happy family in their daily walks of financially uncontrollable lifestyle. Adding much to the movement of the story, the pinching of the boys with an acute sense of humour lifts it to a different level. The difference in opportunities, opinions, judgements, reservations between the rich and poor forces him to challenge his talent which results in attaining the prejudice with his determination and hard work. The plot moves the experience with satire, more of pun, fun and frolic of its kind.

## Cast

* Aadhil as Sadukodu
* Bhavaas as Paari
* Chella as Manickam
* Naresh Madeswar as Moses
* Niharika as Amudha
* Saji Subarna as Selvi

## Music

The music for the film was composed by Allen Sebastian.

## Release

The Times of India opined that the film was "earnest but overly melodramatic". The New Indian Express opined that "It is quite tiring to keep reiterating that good intentions alone don’t make good cinema".
# Habrophila

Habrophila is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae. This genus was described by Edward Meyrick in 1889. It consists of only one species, Habrophila compseuta, which is endemic to New Zealand.

## Description of species

The wingspan is 11 mm. The forewings are very elongate and whitish-ochreous, suffusedly irrorated with dark fuscous, but less towards the base. The hindwings are whitish-grey.
# Saihangol mine

The Saihangol mine is a mine located in the north of Mongolia. Saihangol represents one of the largest manganese reserve in Mongolia having estimated reserves of 293 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 36.7% manganese metal.
# World Builder (disambiguation)

World Builder is an authoring system for point-and-click adventure games.
World Builder may also refer to:
* World Builder (film), a 2007 short film by Bruce Branit
* World Builder (map editor), a map editor for the Command & Conquer: Generals computer game
* World Builder, a map editor for the Civilization IV computer game
* Bonei Olam (בוני עולם, "Builders of the World"), a Brooklyn, New York-based fertility assistance organization that assists Jewish couples