OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palaeopteryx

Palaeopteryx (meaning "ancient wing") is an extinct genus of dubious paravian theropod dinosaur from the Morrison Formation of Colorado. The type species is P. thomsoni.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype, BYU 2022, was collected sometime between 1972 and 1976 by a paleontological expedition from Brigham Young University directed by James A. Jensen in the "Dry Mesa" quarry on the Uncompahgre Upwarp in western Colorado (Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation). It was found among mixed fossil remains that included pterosaur and dinosaur material.
Palaeopteryx thomsoni was named by Jensen (1981), then re-described by Jensen and Padian (1989). At that time the binomial Palaeopteryx thomsoni was deemed invalid by Jensen.
One notable specimen found alongside the holotype of Palaeopteryx is the right femur of a derived maniraptoran theropod (BYU 2023). BYU 2023 is missing the distal end and is about 63 millimetres (2+1⁄2 in) long. It is probably too small to be from the same individual as BYU 2022. BYU 2023 shows apomorphies known only in advanced maniraptorans, including Microvenator, Microraptor, and Archaeopteryx.

## Description

The holotype bone is about 45 millimetres (1+3⁄4 in) long. It was described by Jensen (1981) as an "avian – like" proximal left tibiotarsus. It was then listed by Molnar (1985) in a survey of the earliest known birds. Jensen and Padian (1989) reidentified it as the distal right radius of "a small deinonychosaur or bird".

## Classification

Palaeopteryx has been the subject of much confusion on the internet, in the popular scientific press, and among creationist writers. It has been described as a possible bird older than Archaeopteryx, but it cannot be clearly assigned to Avialae, and its horizon is younger than that of Archaeopteryx, though it is still from the Jurassic.
Palaeopteryx is currently classified as a member of the Paraves, within Theropoda.
# Palaeorissoinidae

Palaeorissoinidae is an extinct family of fossil snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Rissooidea.
# Newark Township, Webster County, Iowa

42°37′N 94°08′W﻿ / ﻿42.62°N 94.14°W﻿ / 42.62; -94.14
Newark Township is a township in Webster County, Iowa.
# Bachant

Bachant (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Bachant | The arms of Bachant are blazoned : Gules, a chevron Or between 3 trefoils argent. (Bachant and Vieux-Mesnil use the same arms.) |
# Snagit

Snagit (formerly SnagIt) is screen capture and screen recording software for Windows and macOS. It is created and developed by TechSmith and was first launched in 1990. Snagit is available in English, French, German, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish versions.
Snagit replaces the native print screen function and extends it with additional features.

## Features

The features are structured around the three main steps of the software workflow: capture, edit and share.

### Capture

Snagit Capture allows the user to capture an image or record a video. There are various capture methods, including fullscreen selection, specific region selection, menu selection, text recognition (OCR with Grab text) and panoramic selection. Alternatively, the software can record a video (from a specific region or fullscreen).
Hotkeys (Windows) and shortcuts (Mac) are available to speed up the capture process.
The Snagit Capture file (.snagx) is a cross-platform compatible file format used to store image captures both on Windows and Mac. Snagit 2021 and earlier versions stored image captures in .snag (Windows) and .snagproj (Mac) formats; the two formats were not compatible.
Videos recordings are stored in .mp4 format.

### Edit

Using Snagit Editor, a captured image can be resized, annotated with arrows and callouts, or given other effects such as borders. Another feature is to create a video from the captured images (narrating a set of screenshots).
The software also allows the creation of tutorials (using the Step tool and/or using the Simplify tool, which allows you to create Simplified User Interfaces). There are also confidentiality features (blurring areas, cropping images). Video editing is limited to basic features such as trimming.

### Share

The resulting image or video can be shared as a local file (supported formats include PNG, JPEG, HEIF, WebP and MP4), to another application (Microsoft Outlook, Apple Mail, Camtasia) or uploaded online (YouTube, Google Drive, FTP).
Although most of the main features are identical between the Windows and Mac versions of the software, some effects are specific to one version (e.g.the watermark effect is only available on Windows and the reflection effect only on Mac).

## TechSmith Fuse (Android and iOS)

Snagit can connect through Wi-Fi to the TechSmith Fuse app. Images, videos and screen recordings stored on mobile devices can be sent directly to the Snagit file library.
# Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture

The Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture (PBHJV), previously Pacific Coast Joint Venture is a partnership established in 1991 between governments, organizations, and conservation groups along the Pacific Coast of the United States and Canada, established to protect and enhance wetlands important to migratory birds, within the framework of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP). Participants include the provincial government of British Columbia in Canada, and the state governments of Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon and Washington in the United States. The venture's scope covers an area from San Francisco Bay to Alaska, west of the Coast Mountains, and it was the first joint venture of the NAWMP to have an international scope.
Between 2001 and 2004, Ducks Unlimited Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service ran a project supported by PBHJV partners to identify and map estuaries in British Columbia that would be targets for conservation. These are located in an expanse covered by the PBHJV of 220,000 km$^2$ of landscape, 460,000 km$^2$ of seascape, and over 30,000 km of shoreline.
In California, the joint venture focuses on coastal northern California, specifically in Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Trinity, and Siskiyou Counties. The project in Washington focuses on bird habitats in its western and coastal regions, specifically the bays and straits of northern Washington, the southern Puget Sound and Hood Canal, the Olympic Peninsula, the southern Washington coast, and the Lower Columbia River.
In British Columbia, the partnership is focused on the east coast of Vancouver Island and the Fraser River delta. with a goal to "protect, restore, and enhance the natural integrity of coastal wetlands". It also launched Operation Orange, a scientific survey to track spartina, which is "choking the Pacific shoreline and endangering native species". The project also extends to Washington, where the Washington State Department of Agriculture, The Nature Conservancy, and the Puget Sound Joint Venture team track spartina in Puget Sound and the Georgia Strait. Program execution is conducted by Ducks Unlimited Canada in British Columbia.
# Oison

Oison (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
# Under the Counter (musical)

Under the Counter is a musical comedy composed by Manning Sherwin from a book by Arthur Macrae with lyrics by Harold Purcell. The plot is centred around shortages and black market activity during wartime rationing.
After premiering at the Grand Theatre, Leeds, before transferring for a lengthy run of 665 performances at the Phoenix Theatre in London's West End between 22 November 1945 and 5 July 1947. It starred Cicely Courtneidge, who was replaced for a month by Florence Desmond before she returned to the role. It was produced by Courtneidge's husband Jack Hulbert. The cast also included Cyril Raymond, Thorley Walters, Hartley Power, Robert Dorning, Irene Handl and Jeanne Stuart. It then toured the British provincial theatres.
In late 1947, the musical ran for 27 performances at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway, with Courtneidge and several other cast members reprising their roles alongside Ballard Berkeley and Wilfred Hyde-White. Critics praised Courtnedge but were critical of the plot and musical numbers. It was the first British musical to transfer to New York in a decade, and its failure discouraged other producers for several years. Courtneidge took the play to tour Australia for a year where it was a great success.
# Austorc de Segret

Austorc de Segret or Austau de Segret (fl. 1270) was an Auvergnat troubadour with only one surviving sirventes, "No sai quim so, tan sui desconoissens".
Written in a rime mimicking that of the Italian troubadour Sordello's "Aitant ses plus viu hom quan viu jauzens", Austorc's sirventes is almost a planh for Louis IX of France, who died in 1270 on the Eighth Crusade. Besides lamenting Louis, the troubadour laments the defeat suffered by the Crusaders against the "Saracens, Turks, and Arabs". He concludes that either God or Satan is misleading Christians: there is no other possible explanation for the power of the Muslims. But among the humans Austorc is nonetheless willing to excoriate for the failed Crusade is Louis's brother Charles of Anjou, the caps e guitz (head and guide)—in Austorc's words—of the infidels because he convinced Louis to attack Tunis, not the Holy Land, and he immediately negotiated a peace with the Muslims after Louis's death.

## Sources

* Cabré, Miriam. "'En breu sazo aura.l jorn pretentori' (BDT 434A,20): Jaume I i Cerverí interpreten els fets de 1274." Actes del X Col·loqui de l'Associació Hispànica de Literatura Medieval. Alicante, 2003.
* Throop, Palmer A. "Criticism of Papal Crusade Policy in Old French and Provençal." Speculum, Vol. 13, No. 4. (Oct., 1938), pp 379–412.

### External links

* "Aitant ses plus viu hom quan viu jauzens" with notes by Saverio Guida (2005).
* Lyric allusions to the crusades and the Holy Land
# Something (Shirley Scott album)

Something is an album by organist Shirley Scott recorded in 1970 and released on the Atlantic label. It includes instrumental covers of several contemporary hits from artists such as the Beatles and the Jackson 5, along with the original song "Messie Bessie".

## Track listing

* "Games People Play (Joe South) – 3:52
* "Because" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:46
* "Can I Change My Mind" (Barry Despenza, Carl Wolfolk) – 2:57
* "Someday We'll Be Together" (Jackey Beavers, Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua) – 3:04
* "Something" (George Harrison) – 3:28
* "I Want You Back" (Berry Gordy, Alphonso Mizell, Freddie Perren, Deke Richards) – 2:41
* "Messie Bessie" (Shirley Scott) – 4:18
* "Brand New Me" (Theresa Bell, Jerry Butler, Kenny Gamble) – 4:10
* Recorded at Atlantic Studios in New York City on February 24 (tracks 2, 3 & 5), February 25 (tracks 1, 6 & 8) and February 26 (tracks 4 & 7), 1970

## Personnel

* Shirley Scott – organ, ondioline
* Billy Butler, Eric Gale – guitar
* Chuck Rainey – electric bass
* Jimmy Johnson – drums
* Ralph MacDonald – congas (tracks 1, 6 & 8)
# Ukaruchan Arena

Ukaruchan Arena is an arena in Otsu, Shiga, Japan. It is the home arena of the Shiga Lakestars of the B.League, Japan's professional basketball league.

## Facilities

* Main building - 1,890m$^2$（45m×42m）
* Annex - 858m$^2$（33m×26m）
* Sports square
* Running course - 180m
* Conference room
# Orphans of God

Orphans of God is a 1996 two-CD compilation of songs performed by various artists in tribute to songwriter Mark Heard. Recorded and released after Heard's death in 1992, proceeds from the album benefit the Heard Family Fund. This album was listed at #25 in the book, CCM Presents: The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music.
Some of the tracks had been released in 1994 as part of the single disc collection Strong Hand of Love. One song from that album, Phil Keaggy's version of "I Always Do," was replaced by his version of "Everything Is Alright." Two tracks were dropped: "Castaway," by Bruce Carroll and "How to Grow Up Big and Strong," by Rich Mullins.

## Track listing

An asterisk denotes tracks that had appeared on 1994's Strong Hand of Love.

### Disc one

* "Orphans of God" (by Buddy and Julie Miller) *
* "We Know Too Much" (by Michael Been) *
* "Freight Train To Nowhere" (by Vigilantes of Love) *
* "It's Not Your Fault" (by Ashley Cleveland) *
* "I Just Wanna Get Warm" (by Dan Russell) *
* "Satellite Sky" (by Kate Taylor) *
* "Mercy of the Flame" (by Pat Terry)
* "Rise From The Ruins" (by Brooks Williams)
* "Strong Hand of Love" (by Bruce Cockburn) *
* "What Kind of Friend" (by Victoria Williams) *
* "House of Broken Dreams" (by The Williams Brothers)
* "Tip of My Tongue" (by Tom Prasada-Rao)
* "Everything Is Alright" (by Phil Keaggy)
* "How To Grow Up Big and Strong" (by Olivia Newton-John)
* "All She Wanted Was Love" (by Big Faith)
* "Another Good Lie" (by Hezze)
* "Treasure of the Broken Land" (by Chagall Guevara) *

### Disc two

* "Lonely Moon" (by Kevin Max) *
* "Worry Too Much" (by Harrod and Funck)
* "Fire" (by bob.)
* "Big Wheels Roll" (by John Austin)
* "Rise From The Ruins" (by Parmin Sisters)
* "Watching the Ships Go Down" (by Iain)
* "Another Day In Limbo" (by Tonio K.) *
* "Love Is So Blind" (by Carolyn Arends)
* "Nod Over Coffee" (by Pierce Pettis) *
* "Remarks To Mr. McLuhan" (by Ramona Silver)
* "Long Way Down" (by Swinging Steaks)
* "Look Over Your Shoulder" (by Randy Stonehill & Pam Dwinell Miner) *
* "Threw It Away" (by Glenn Kaiser)
* "Dry Bones Dance" (by Colin Linden)
* "Tip of My Tongue" (by The Choir) *
* "Strong Hand of Love" (by Daniel Amos)
* "Hammer and Nails" (by Marvin Etzioni formerly of Lone Justice)
# Anthidium cingulatum

Anthidium cingulatum is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter bees or mason bees which is found in south and central Europe east to Siberia and south to North Africa and Iran. It feeds on the nectar and pollen of plants in the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae while males have been recorded as pollinators of the lizard orchid Himantoglossum caprinum in Crimea.
# Orbital part

Orbital part may refer to:
* Orbital part of frontal bone
* Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus
# Orbital part of frontal bone

The orbital or horizontal part of the frontal bone (pars orbitalis) consists of two thin triangular plates, the orbital plates, which form the vaults of the orbits, and are separated from one another by a median gap, the ethmoidal notch.

## Surfaces

* The inferior surface of each orbital plate is smooth and concave, and presents, laterally, under cover of the zygomatic process, a shallow depression, the lacrimal fossa, for the lacrimal gland; near the nasal part is a depression, the fovea trochlearis, or occasionally a small trochlear spine, for the attachment of the cartilaginous pulley of the obliquus oculi superior.
* The superior surface is convex, and marked by depressions for the convolutions of the frontal lobes of the brain, and faint grooves for the meningeal branches of the ethmoidal vessels.
** The ethmoidal notch separates the two orbital plates; it is quadrilateral, and filled, in the articulated skull, by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.
*** The margins of the notch present several half-cells which, when united with corresponding half-cells on the upper surface of the ethmoid, complete the ethmoidal air cells.
** Two grooves cross these edges transversely; they are converted into the anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals by the ethmoid, and open on the medial wall of the orbit.
*** The anterior canal transmits the nasociliary nerve and anterior ethmoidal vessels,
*** the posterior, the posterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels.
* In front of the ethmoidal notch, on either side of the frontal spine, are the openings of the frontal air sinuses.
** These are two irregular cavities, which extend backward, upward, and lateralward for a variable distance between the two tables of the skull; they are separated from one another by a thin bony septum, which often deviates to one or other side, with the result that the sinuses are rarely symmetrical.
** Absent at birth, they are usually fairly well-developed between the seventh and eighth years, but only reach their full size after puberty.
** They vary in size in different persons, and are larger in men than in women.
** They are lined by mucous membrane, and each communicates with the corresponding nasal cavity by means of a passage called the frontonasal duct.

## Additional images

* The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit.
* Medial wall of left orbit.
* Orbital part of frontal bone
* Orbital part of frontal bone
# Udayadivākara

Udayadivākara (c. 1073 CE) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician who has authored an influential and elaborate commentary, called Sundari, on Laghu-bhāskarīya of Bhāskara I. No personal details about Udayadivākara are known. Since the commentary Sundari takes the year 1073 CE as its epoch, probably the commentary was completed about that year. Sundari has not yet been published and is available only in manuscript form. Some of these manuscripts are preserved in the manuscript depositories in Thiruvananthapuram. According to K. V. Sarma, historian of the astronomy and mathematics of the Kerala school, Udayadivākara probably hailed from Kerala, India.

## Historical significance of Sundari

Apart from the fact that Sundari is an elaborate commentary, it has some historical significance. It has quoted extensively from a now lost work by a little known mathematician Jayadeva. The quotations relate to the cakravala method for solving indeterminate integral equations of the form $Nx^{2}+1=y^{2}$. This shows that the method predates Bhaskara II contrary to generally held beliefs. Another important reference to Jayadeva’s work is the solution of the indeterminate equation of the form $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$, $C$ being positive or negative.

## A problem and its solution

Udayadivākara used his method for solving the equation $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$ to obtain some particular solutions of a certain algebraic problem. The problem and Udayadivākara's solution to the problem are presented below only to illustrate the techniques used by Indian astronomers for solving algebraic equations.

### Problem

Find positive integers $x$ and $y$ satisfying the following conditions:
    ${\begin{aligned}x+y&={\text{a prefect square}},\\x-y&={\text{a prefect square}},\\xy+1&={\text{a prefect square}}.\end{aligned}}$

### Solution

To solve the problem, Udayadivākara makes a series of apparently arbitrary assumptions all aimed at reducing the problem to one of solving an indeterminate equation of the form $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$.
Udayadivākara begins by assuming that $xy+1=(2y+1)^{2}$ which can be written in the form $x-y=3y+4$. He next assumes that $3y+4=(3z+2)^{2}$ which, together with the earlier equation, yields
    ${\begin{aligned}x&=12z^{2}+16z+4,\\y&=3z^{2}+4z,\\x+y&=15z^{2}+20z+4.\end{aligned}}$
Now, Udayadivākara puts
    $15z^{2}+20z+4=u^{2}$
which is then transformed to the equation
    $(30z+20)^{2}=60u^{2}+160.$
This equation is of the form $Nx^{2}+C=\lambda ^{2}$ with $N=60$, $C=160$ and $\lambda =30z+20$. Using the method for solving the equation $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$, Udayadivākara finds the following solutions $(u=2,\lambda =20)$, $(u=18,\lambda =140)$ and $(u=8802,\lambda =68180)$ from which the values of $x$ and $y$ are obtained by back substitution.
# Solanum sarrachoides

Solanum sarrachoides is a species of South American nightshade known as the hairy nightshade or leafy-fruited nightshade.
The scientific name Solanum sarrachoides was long misused for a different species, Solanum physalifolium, by various authors. The original misidentified S. sarrachoides were held to be the variety S. physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum (also treated as distinct species, Solanum nitidibaccatum). The actual S. sarrachoides was also considered a variety of S. tweedianum, under this plant's obsolete name S. atriplicifolium, as established by Gilli based on Nees.
S. sarrachoides occurs as an introduced species in the Southeastern United States and many other parts of the world.
# Sonning Bishop's Palace

Sonning Bishop's Palace was a former episcopal palace at Sonning, east of Reading, in Berkshire, England.
The palace was in Holme Park near the River Thames. It was a residence of the Bishops of Salisbury.
In 1135, while staying at the palace, Bishop Roger of Salisbury attended the funeral of King Henry I at Reading Abbey. In September 1216, King John stayed for six days at the palace. In 1337, defences were added by Bishop Robert Wyville of Salisbury. After the abdication of King Richard II and his cousin King Henry IV's coronation in October 1399, Richard II's then 9-year-old wife, Isabella, was kept under house arrest at the palace.
The Bishops of Salisbury continued in residence, some more often than others, until they sold it to Queen Elizabeth I. She visited the palace twice, but later it fell into disrepair.
The site of the palace was excavated in 1912–14 and evidence of a hall, chapel and other rooms was found. The remains dated from the 13th century with alterations in the 14th and 15th centuries. The buildings were surrounded by a moat on three sides.
Today nothing can be seen of the palace from the surface apart from some unevenness in the ground. It is in a grass field used for cows between St Andrew's Church and Sonning Lock.
# Orphnophanes ankarampotsyalis

Orphnophanes ankarampotsyalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hubert Marion and Pierre Viette in 1956. It is found on Madagascar.
# Orphnodactylis

Orphnodactylis is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae.

## Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;
* Orphnodactylis kalmiae Malloch & A. Mallik (1998)
* Orphnodactylis wittrockii (Erikss.) Malloch & Mallik (1998)
# Uleodothis

Uleodothis is a genus of fungi in the family Venturiaceae.
The genus was circumscribed by Ferdinand Theissen and Hans Sydow in Ann. Mycol. vol.13 on page 305 in 1915.
The genus name of Uleodothis is in honour of Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule (1854–1915), who was a German botanist and plant collector.

## Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;
* Uleodothis balansiana (Sacc., Roum. & Berl.) Theiss. & Syd. (1915)
* Uleodothis coonoorensis T.S. Ramakr. & K. Ramakr. (1950)
* Uleodothis eupatoriicola Garcés (1941)
* Uleodothis indica Tilak & S.B. Kale (1968)
* Uleodothis munkii (Speg.) Syd. & P. Syd. (1921)
* Uleodothis paspali F. Stevens (1924)
* Uleodothis pteridis F. Stevens (1920)
* Uleodothis rhynchosporae (Rehm) Theiss. & Syd. (1915)
Former species;
* U. andina Chardón (1930) = Achorella andina, Dothideomycetes family
* U. aphanes (Rehm) Theiss. & Syd. (1915) = Tomasellia aphanes, Naetrocymbaceae family
* U. tamarindi Bat. & A.F. Vital (1955) = Stigmochora controversa, Phyllachoraceae family
# Ouinné River

The Ouinné River is a river of New Caledonia. It has a catchment area of 146 square kilometres.