OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rafiqul Alam

Rafiqul Alam may refer to:
* Rafique Alam (1929–2011), Indian politician
* Rafiqul Alam (cricketer) (born 1957), Bangladeshi cricketer
* Rafiqul Alam (singer), Bangladeshi singer
# IDOM (company)

IDOM is a multi-national corporation which provides consulting, engineering, and architecture services in Spain and internationally.
From 1957 to the present day, IDOM has gradually developed into a multidisciplinary group in which more than 3,000 people work, distributed in 34 offices located in seventeen countries and five continents, having served more than 12,000 clients and carrying out 30,000 projects in 123 countries.

## History

IDOM (from the Spanish: Ingeniería y Dirección de Obras y Montaje) was founded in 1957 by Rafael Escolá (1919-1995), with the help of another young engineer, Luis Olaortúa (1932-2003).
# Aulacodes mesoleucalis

Aulacodes mesoleucalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917. It is found in Peru.
# Aulacodes psyllalis

Aulacodes psyllalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in Venezuela and Brazil.
# Ian Fahey

Ian Fahey (born 29 June 1994) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays as a centre-forward for the Tipperary senior team.

## Life

Born in Clonmel, County Tipperary, Fahey first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Tipperary minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 2013 championship. Fahey immediately became a regular member of the starting fifteen and has won one National League (Division 4) medal.
At club level Fahey is a one-time championship medal with Clonmel Commercials. He also plays soccer for Clonmel Celtic.

## Honours
### Player
#### Clonmel Commercials

* Tipperary Senior Football Championship (1): 2012

#### Tipperary

* National Football League (Division 4) (1): 2015
* Munster Under-21 Football Championship (1): 2015
* All-Ireland Minor Football Championship (1): 2011
* Munster Minor Football Championship (2): 2011, 2012
# Pattani language

Pattani, also known as Manchad, is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

## Names

The language has a variety of names, the most prominent being Manchati, Manchad kad, Patani, Mellog kad, Chamba Lahuli, Swangla, Songloboli or Changsapa Boli. Its native name is Hendubhashe. The Indian census erroneously includes the language as a dialect of Gujarati.

## Distribution

Pattani is spoken in the Lahul Valley, Pattan, Chamba-Lahul, and lower Mayar valleys. There are also some speakers in Kullu and Manali cities, and in Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir.

## General information

There are about 10,000 people in the western Himalayas who speak the Pattani Language. Pattani Language has several names. One of them is Manchad, which was given by the Tod valley people who live in the area where Manchad was originated. The religious belief of Manchad speakers is either Hinduism or Buddhism. Almost all of them can speak Hindi and Manchad is being increasingly restricted to home use only. Because there is no written tradition in Manchad, the article resources and stories of Manchad are usually recorded in Hindi or Tibetan orthography.

## Grammar

* The three-way contrast in number: singular, dual and plural.
* Gender is not grammatical and is lexically based.
* The verbal agreement system: person-number elements are indicated in verbs.
* The sentence structure: simple, compound and complex sentences.
* Pattani Language has complex pronominalisation and a complex verbal system.

## Syntax

Pattani word order is subject–object–verb (SOV)

## Dialects

Ethnologue lists three Pattani dialects.
* Chamba-Lahuli (Western Pattani)
* Eastern Pattani
* Central Pattani
There are 3 caste dialects, namely Pandit-Rajput, Harijan, and Lohar. The lower castes can understand Pandit-Rajput, but not vice versa.
# ISO/IEC 8859-3

ISO/IEC 8859-3:1999, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 3: Latin alphabet No. 3, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1988. It is informally referred to as Latin-3 or South European. It was designed to cover Turkish, Maltese and Esperanto, though the introduction of ISO/IEC 8859-9 superseded it for Turkish. The encoding was popular for users of Esperanto, but fell out of use as application support for Unicode became more common.
ISO-8859-3 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429. Microsoft has assigned code page 28593 a.k.a. Windows-28593 to ISO-8859-3 in Windows. IBM has assigned code page 913 (CCSID 913) to ISO 8859-3.

## Codepage layout

Differences from ISO-8859-1 are shown with their Unicode code point below.
ISO/IEC 8859-3 :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 0x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | |
| 8x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ax | NBSP | Ħ 0126 | ˘ 02D8 | £ | ¤ | | Ĥ 0124 | § | ¨ | İ 0130 | Ş 015E | Ğ 011E | Ĵ 0134 | SHY | | Ż 017B |
| Bx | ° | ħ 0127 | ² | ³ | ´ | µ | ĥ 0125 | · | ¸ | ı 0131 | ş 015F | ğ 011F | ĵ 0135 | ½ | | ż 017C |
| Cx | À | Á | Â | | Ä | Ċ 010A | Ĉ 0108 | Ç | È | É | Ê | Ë | Ì | Í | Î | Ï |
| Dx | | Ñ | Ò | Ó | Ô | Ġ 0120 | Ö | × | Ĝ 011C | Ù | Ú | Û | Ü | Ŭ 016C | Ŝ 015C | ß |
| Ex | à | á | â | | ä | ċ 010B | ĉ 0109 | ç | è | é | ê | ë | ì | í | î | ï |
| Fx | | ñ | ò | ó | ô | ġ 0121 | ö | ÷ | ĝ 011D | ù | ú | û | ü | ŭ 016D | ŝ 015D | ˙ 02D9 |
# IVT

IVT may refer to:

## In computing

* Interrupt vector table, a memory construct in some processors
* Intel Virtualization Technology, a computer processor feature to simplify virtualization

## Other

* Intermediate value theorem, an analysis theorem
* Initial value theorem, a mathematical theorem using Laplace transform
* Integrated water vapor transport, a meteorological term used in describing atmospheric rivers.
* Current, Voltage, Temperature
* Infinitely Variable Transmission, a type of continuously variable transmission system for motor vehicles and other applications
* Illini Variable Temperature diluent
* In Vitro transcription/translation, a molecular biology technique to produce RNA in a tube
* Intermittent vacuum therapy, a medical treatment for venous and arterial issues
# Autobiography of an Actor

Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 is the autobiography of Indian actor Sivaji Ganesan published by Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust. It is told in a Q&A format between Ganesan and T. S. Narayanaswamy. The book was originally published in Tamil under the title Enathu Suya Sarithai (transl. My Autobiography) on 1 October 2002, and the English translated version by Sabita Radhakrishna was released on the same date five years later.

## Background

T. S. Narayanaswamy's desire to write a biography on Ganesan began in 1974, and he began collecting resources the same year. In 1996, after Narayanaswamy retired from UNICEF, he believed it was the right time to begin writing the book; Ganesan too agreed to talk to him. After Narayanaswamy spent over a year collecting press material related to Ganesan published between 1952 and 1996, he was ready to ask Ganesan questions. Ganesan saw numerous factual errors in the press material collected by Narayanaswamy, who then emphasised the need for Ganesan to "set things right". Ganesan asked him if he could write a book "as it comes out of my mouth", and the biography was changed into an autobiography.
The book is told in the manner of a Q&A format, from nearly 80 hours of audio recordings; according to Narayanaswamy, Ganesan told him that by following the Q&A format, "there won't be any editorial licence or pussy-footing; instead, it will be all that I've experienced, as I've seen and felt it, and you'll record it without changing anything". Narayanaswamy spent four years working on the book. Over 2000 photographs of Ganesan had been collected for using in the book, but only 200 were used. The recordings of the conversations between Ganesan and Narayanaswamy are stored at the archives of All India Radio, Chennai.

## Release

The book was originally published in Tamil under the title Enathu Suya Sarithai on 1 October 2002, exactly one year after Ganesan's death, and the English translated version by Sabita Radhakrishna was released in 2007 on the same date. Ganesan's sons Prabhu, Ramkumar and nephew Giri Shanmugam said the profits made from the book sales would be donated to "education and social development projects" sponsored by the publisher Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust. While the Tamil original has 310 pages, the English version has 250 pages.

## Reception

Sri Lankan historian Sachi Sri Kantha criticised the book for omitting numerous aspects of Ganesan's life, stating, "As an autobiographer, Sivaji’s performance – like many of his movies – provides glimpses of some class in a flop, leaving much to be desired [...] But for fans of Sivaji, it is a good memento to cherish." Writing for India Today in 2013, Sadanand Menon compared Tamil film actors' biographers to the ones "who light a candle to look at the sun ... The few books till now in this genre have crashed on the rock-bed of a comprehensive incomprehension of the audience base of the Tamil film star ... Sivaji Ganesan's Autobiography of an Actor (2007) is but a series of snippets from interviews done by T.S. Narayana Swamy."
# IL Sparta

IL Sparta is a multi-sport club from Sarpsborg, Norway. The club was founded on 23 November 1928, and today it has sections for football and ice hockey. While the club have had a football department since the foundation, the ice hockey department was founded in 1959. The club has previously also been playing bandy.
Sparta is regarded as one of the big clubs of Norwegian ice hockey, having played in the top division uninterrupted since 1980, and having won the Norwegian ice hockey championship three times (1984, 1989 and 2011) as well as four regular-season titles. Sparta's football department enjoyed its best run in the 1950s when the club played nine seasons in the top division and won the Norwegian Cup in 1952, but currently plays in the lower divisions.

## Ice hockey

Sparta's ice hockey department is officially named Ishockeyklubben Sparta Sarpsborg, but is promoted under the name Sparta Warriors. The club became Norwegian champions in 1984 and 1989, and won Eliteserien in 1984, 1986, 2009 and 2011. Sparta was the first sports-club in Norwegian history to bankrupt in 1995, withdrew from Eliteserien and restarted at the lowest tier of Norwegian ice hockey. Sparta have in the recent years had the highest average home attendance of the Norwegian ice hockey clubs, with the local derbies against Stjernen having the highest attendance throughout the season. Sparta also fields a women's team, which was Norwegian champions in 2009

## Football

Sparta's football department is officially named Fotballklubben Sparta Sarpsborg, which has been its name since 2004. The club won the Norwegian Cup in 1952, having scored all the five goals in the final against Solberg which Sparta won 3-2. Sparta played in Hovedserien from the start in 1948–49 until 1957–58, only interrupted by one season at the second tier. In the ten seasons at the top tier the average attendance differed between 1300 and 5000. After decades in the lower divisions, Sparta secured promotion to Adeccoligaen in 2005, with a 15-0 win against Fram Larvik on 22 October 2005. Ahead of the 2008 season Sparta withdrew their team and gave place to the new club called Sarpsborg 08. Sparta is currently playing in the fourth division, having won promotion from the fifth division in 2010.

### Honours

* Norwegian top division
** Runners-up: 1947–48
* Norwegian Cup
** Winners: 1952
# Vijaya Kumara

Vijaya Kumara was King of Anuradhapura in the 3rd century, whose reign lasted for only one year from 247 to 248. He succeeded his father Siri Naga II as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Sangha Tissa I.
# Patrick Bettoni

Patrick Bettoni (born 29 December 1975) is a Swiss-Italian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He last played for FC Thun in the Swiss Challenge League. He weighs 78 kg.
# Patrick Bernard Delany

Patrick Bernard Delany (28 January 1845 – 19 October 1924) was an Irish-American engineer and inventor. Newspaper feature coverage in 1909 called him "the world's greatest telegraph expert and inventor."

## Biography

He was born in King's County, Ireland (now Offaly). He came to the U.S. at the age of 10 and learned telegraphy in Hartford, Connecticut. Gradually he worked up from office boy to be superintendent of lines. In 1872 he and Thomas Edison worked together as engineers for the Automatic Telegraph Company.
His first patent, related to telegraph relays, was granted in 1873. In 1877 Delaney left the industry entirely, to work as a newspaper correspondent, editor, and writer, until the discovery in 1880 that his patent could be used as an alternative technology to challenge the Western Union Telegraph Company's monopoly on telegraph relays. Delaney's later inventions included more than 150 patents registered in the U.S. through 1922. Almost all relate to telegraphy in some way: they cover anti-induction cables which were "extensively manufactured at Pittsburg, Penn" as of 1895, synchronous multiplex telegraphy to send six messages simultaneously over one wire, and rapid-machine telegraphy for land lines. His automatic telegraph system was capable of transmitting and recording 3000 words a minute over a single wire. In the 1890s he was experimenting at the Heart's Content Cable Station in Newfoundland and Labrador to improve the through-put of the transatlantic telegraph cable.
Delany was awarded gold medals at the International Inventions Exhibition in London (1885), at the Pan-American Exposition (1901), and at the St. Louis Exposition (1904), and the John Scott Medal of the Franklin Institute. Delany was a two-time recipient of the Elliott Cresson Medal awarded by the Franklin Institute, one in 1886 for "Synchronous Telegraphy" and another in 1896 for "Telegraphy, High speed system". A copy of Delany's Telegraph Relay is in the permanent collection of the National Museum of American History of the Smithsonian Institution.
From 1893 to 1895 he was a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
# Ian Hicks

Ian Hicks may refer to:
* Birth name of Baron Mordant, see Skull Disco
* Birth name of Hixxy, happy hardcore musician
* Ian Hicks, electronic musician (fl. 1980–1987) in Portion Control (band)
# Victor Bell

Victor Clarence Bell (1878 – 4 August 1965) was an Australian Methodist and Presbyterian minister in New South Wales. He was recognised as one of the most effective preachers in the country.

## History

Bell was born in Grenfell, New South Wales, son of Alison Bell and William James Bell (c. 1857–1916), and was educated at the local public school. He became preacher at the Methodist church, Wyalong, later serving at Lockhart and Gulgong. He conducted the first service at the Hiawatha Wesleyan Church, West Wyalong, in April 1908. After two years' study at Newington College he served as minister at Murwillumbah, Camden, Lindfield, and Quirindi. He left the Methodist church for the Presbyterians in 1917, and was stationed at Greenwich. He transferred to St Enoch's, Newtown, in 1921, then accepted a call to call to St Paul's Church, Invercargill, New Zealand in 1925, but the Newtown church refused to release him, an unusual circumstance.
He supported inter-faith dialogue and served as secretary to the Council of Churches in New South Wales from 1926 to 1929, when he was elected president.
He was elected moderator of the Sydney Presbytery in January 1927, and inducted into the Strathfield Presbyterian charge in June 1927.
In 1933 he graduated M.A. from Sydney University consequent on publication of his thesis on Personality in the New Testament.
He qualified Doctor of Divinity at the Presbyterian College, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, with the publication of his Religion and Reality in, the Light of the Christian Soul in 1935.
In 1940 he was unanimously appointed State Moderator for NSW for the following year.

## Some insights

In 1908 he rattled a few bars when he first omitted the word "obey" from the marriage ceremony. He justified this variation 20 years later:
   I left 'obey' out of the marriage ceremony because I believed that, if the partners sincerely loved each other, their love would guarantee all the obedience that was needed. But I do not like the word at all. Obedience conveys the idea of authority on the one side and submission on the other. In business circles, military systems, education, and other spheres, it is quite necessary — but what gives a man authority over a woman whom he asks to be his wife?
After countless burials, he officiated at his first cremation in 1928, and was immediately converted to this more hygienic method of disposing of human remains which, he observed, was also less distressing to the relatives.
He was a firm supporter of women in all fields of activity — but not, as in Russia and Japan – as coalers and farm workers.

## Criticism

The Catholic Church and its approval of games of chance for fundraising were particular targets of Bell's sermons while, according to his critics, turning a blind eye to greater evils.

## Family

Bell married Lucy May "Maisie" Heard (died 1959) on 23 March 1910. They had one son, Leonard Stewart Bell BA LLB (1922–1968). In 1948 he won Rotary International's Paul Harris Memorial Fellowship, which he used to fund a year's tuition at Harvard University. He was the first Australian so honoured.
In 1928 they had a home at Elsie Street, Homebush.
# Stenoma meligrapta

Stenoma meligrapta is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Pará, Brazil.
The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are violet grey with an oblique irregular blackish mark from the base of the costa, edged with whitish-ochreous suffusion. There are two oblique irregular blackish shades, the first from the costa at one-fifth to the fold, edged with light ochreous suffusion, a slender light ochreous-yellowish costal streak from this to three-fourths. The second shade is rather curved from the middle of the costa to the dorsum at three-fourths, edged anteriorly by a suffused light yellow-ochreous streak interrupting it in the middle. There is also a very oblique blackish mark on the costa at four-fifths, preceding a narrow ochreous-yellowish terminal fascia attenuated to the tornus. Four or five minute groups of black scales are located on the terminal edge. The hindwings are dark grey.
# Patton Home

The Patton Home is a historic building and low-income housing facility in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was once known as the Patton Home for the Friendless. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.

## History

The building, originally used as a retirement home, was built in 1890 on Michigan Avenue in the Albina district of Portland. Matthew Patton, who arrived in Oregon in 1847, donated the land for use as a home for the aged. Since its opening, the Patton Home has served the Albina neighborhood of north Portland for over 100 years. The Patton Home offers shelter and care for those in need.
During the late 1990s, the Patton Home was purchased by the Ecumenical Ministries of Oregon (EMO) who then invested $6 million in renovating the building in order to briefly operate the Patton Home as a residential care facility before EMO transitioned the facility to serve as a specialized drug- and alcohol-free living environment for low-income individuals.
The grounds of the Patton Home occupy the whole block of Michigan Avenue and are located on the east side of Interstate 5. The Patton Home currently provides housing to 63 low-income residents. The grounds also contain a veranda for socializing and a community garden.
# Victoria Street, Christchurch

Victoria Street is a road in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand. It runs from the intersection of Papanui Road and Bealey Avenue in the north-west, and terminates in the south-east at the corner of Kilmore and Durham Streets. One of the two diagonal roads that break the original grid plan (the other being High Street), it was very important in the development of Christchurch.

## Geography

Victoria St runs for roughly 800 metres (0.50 mi) from north-west to south-east towards the centre of Christchurch. It stops at Kilmore and Durham Streets, which form the boundary of Victoria Square. There is a slight deviation in direction at the intersection of Salisbury and Montreal Streets. Originally, the street began at the intersection of Colombo and Armagh Streets and went through what is now Victoria Square, including a crossing of the Avon River on what is now known as the Hamish Hay Bridge.

## History

Victoria Square is one of four squares located in the Christchurch Central City. It is located just north-west from its centre, Cathedral Square. The square was initially bisected by Whately Road (named after the Archbishop of Dublin, Richard Whately, who was a member of the Canterbury Association), later renamed Victoria Street, and this formed a major route to the north towards Papanui and beyond. Victoria Street was stopped in 1988 at Kilmore and Durham Streets under much public protest when the Parkroyal Hotel, the later Crowne Plaza, was built. When the Crowne Plaza was demolished in 2011/12 following the earthquakes, some were calling for the road to be restored; this included central city business leader Paul Lonsdale. This caused quite a storm of opposition, and soon after, the idea of restoring the road was dropped.
# IWP

IWP may refer to:

## Education

* The Institute of World Politics, Washington DC, US
* International Writing Program, Iowa, US

## Government and politics

* International Workers Party, an American psychoanalytic-Marxist group (founded 1974)
* Internationalist Workers Party (Fourth International), an American Trotskyist group (founded 1980)
* Interview Waiver Program, for United States visa applicants

## Science and technology

* GSM Interworking Profile (DECT), a mobile telephony standard
* Indo-West Pacific, a biogeographical region
# Vietnam Assistance for the Handicapped

Vietnam Assistance for the Handicapped (VNAH) is a non-profit organization established to help war amputees and other disabled people in Vietnam. It was founded by Vietnamese American Ca Van Tran in 1991 and is based in McLean, Virginia.
The organization collaborates closely with the government of Vietnam and receives funding and support from several U.S. agencies (including United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Department of Labor).

## Programs

* Technical assistance to regional prosthetics clinics in the production and delivery of limbs and braces.
* Technical assistance to government and private wheelchair factories in the production of high quality and low cost wheelchairs.
* Technical assistance in vocational training to two national vocational training centers and selected centers in the provinces of Vietnam.
* Promoting programs and policies to integrate the disabled into all aspects of their community, social and economic life.
# Paul Ewald

Paul Ewald may refer to:
* Paul Peter Ewald (1888–1985), German-born American crystallographer and physicist
* Paul W. Ewald (born 1950s), American evolutionary biologist