OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Turnip crinkle virus

Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tombusviridae. It was first isolated from turnip (Brassica campestris ssp. rapa).

## Structure

TCV is a small (4054 nucleotides), single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus (viral RNA is in the same orientation as mRNA). It has been shown to infect various types of plant species, including the common plant models Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Its gRNA encodes for five proteins: p28 and p88 (replication), p8 and p9 (movement) and CP (coat protein or encapsidation). The structure of the virus was determined to 3.2 Ångstrom resolution using x-ray crystallography in 1986. It is structurally quite similar to the tomato bushy stunt virus.
A number of non-coding RNA elements have been characterised in the TCV genome; examples are hairpin 5 and the core promoter.

## Replication

Replication of the viral RNA begins with the migration of p28 to the mitochondrial membrane. p28 migrates to and invaginates the outer mitochondrial membrane; several p88 molecules are brought the newly formed vesicles. The viral RNA binds to the p28 bound to the membrane and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase, or p88, initiates replication of the positive strand RNA to produce a minus strand intermediate. The negative-strand intermediate is used as a template to produce progeny positive strand RNA. The coat proteins p8, p9, and p38, are involved in movement in the plant.

## Satellite viruses

Small, helper viruses known as satellite RNA have been found to co-infect plants only in the presence of TCV. These non-coding RNAs up-regulate the symptoms of TCV infection. The satellite RNA are dependent of the TCV and host machinery to propagate. Satellite C shares sequence homology with the 3'end of the TCV, while satellite D shares sequence homology with the 5'end of satellite C.

## Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to TCV

Much research has been done on TCV and the way that it affects Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). Arabidopsis tents to be very susceptible to TCV, along with several other species other than turnips. It is used for research as its susceptibility and simplicity make it a good model organism. Research has shown that only satellite C produces any symptoms in Arabidopsis. The same research has shown that how much the plant is affected by the Virus depends largely on the ecotype, as the Dijon-ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana seems to be far more susceptible than other types. It has also been shown that light affects the resistance of Arabidopsis to TCV, and that inoculations proved to be ineffective without the plant being exposed to light. Research has also been done on what part of TCV is recognized by the strains of Arabidopsis that are resistant to TCV, and it appears to be the Amino terminus of the coat protein. This was determined by using Viruses both with and without the Amino terminus.
# Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) repressor of minus strand synthesis H5

The TCV hairpin 5 (H5) is an RNA element found in the turnip crinkle virus. This RNA element is composed of a stem-loop that contains a large symmetrical internal loop (LSL). H5 can repress minus-strand synthesis when the 3' side of the LSL pairs with the 4 bases at the 3'-terminus of the RNA(GCCC-OH).
# Turnip mosaic virus

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is a Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae that causes diseases in cruciferous plants, among others. The virus is usually spread by 40-50 species of aphids in a non-persistent manner. Infected plants, especially the natural hosts, show symptoms such as chlorotic local lesions, mosaic, mottling, puckering or rugosity. TuMV is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus, consisting of a non-enveloped, helical capsid that is filamentous and flexuous, with an average length of 720 nm. The TuMV genome is linear and monopartite (single particle). The virus has a thermal inactivation point (TIP) of 62 °C, and longevity in vitro (LIV) of 3–4 days.

## Evolution

This virus probably evolved from a virus of wild orchids in Germany spreading to wild and domestic brassicas. Via Southern Europe it moved to Asia Minor within the last 700 years.
# Heritage structures in Mumbai

Many heritage structures are found in Mumbai, India.

## Background

Mumbai consists of seven islands by the coast of Arabian Sea that are connected by bridges and land fill. It is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the business and financial capital of India. Mumbai transferred from Portuguese to British rule as part of Catherine of Braganza’s dowry to Charles II in 1661. It rose to become India's largest city, driven in large part by its status as a leading cotton trading market and shipping port.

## Heritage structures

Mumbai's history offers many heritage structures and historical precincts. Most are located in the south of Mumbai, as historically, access to the city was only through the port there. The southern tip of the city is home to the Fort precinct, the urban core of Mumbai during the colonial period that was once enclosed by fortified walls. Mumbai had 591 heritage structures registered as of 2012. These include buildings, archaeological sites, colonial, industrial, domestic architectural sites and public spaces. A consulting committee called "The Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee" guides the process. All work related to heritage structures needs approval from this committee. Heritage structures are classified as Grade I, Grade IIA, Grade IIB or Grade III. Most of the structures were built in the British period. They are in the Victorian Neo Gothic architectural style, Indo-Saracenic Revival (Mulji Jetha Fountain) or Neoclassical styles.
The Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus and The Victorian & Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai are recognised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Mumbai is home to a large number of Art Deco structures, with the largest count of buildings in this style after Miami. Many of these buildings are cinema halls, such as Eros Cinema and Regal Cinema. A string of Art Deco apartment buildings lines the city's waterfront promenade, Marine Drive.

## Awards

Some Mumbai heritage structures have received Unesco awards. The Lal Chimney Compound received an award of distinction in the 2013 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards and the Royal Bombay Yacht Club Residential Chambers won an award of merit in the 2013 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards.

## Mumbai Heritage Walks

Walking tours expose many residents and visitors to the structures. They are sponsored by the Mumbai Heritage Walks group, established in 1999. The group was established by city architects Abha Bahl and Brinda Gaitonde. Their aim is to "raise the awareness of the people of Mumbai and visitors, about the city’s architecture and heritage monuments. Personalized, educative and imaginative; the walking tours highlight the vast range of architectural styles, planning elements and ornamental details, tracing the social and cultural history of the city."
# Andrews, Florida

Andrews may refer to one of the following places in the US state of Florida:
* Andrews, Levy County, Florida, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
* Andrews, Nassau County, Florida, an unincorporated community north of Hilliard, Florida
* St. Andrews, Florida, a former city annexed by Panama City
* St. Andrews State Park southwest of Panama City
# Oldenlandia ocellata

Oldenlandia ocellata is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a rosette-forming subshrub endemic to the island of Abd al Kuri in Yemen's Socotra Archipelago. It has a distinctive clear eye at the tip of its succulent leaves and calyces, which may act as a lens to focus sun rays on photosynthetic cells around the sides of its semi-globose leaf tips. It grows on shaded rocky slopes and ledges from 30 to 500 metres elevation, and is particularly common in limestone cracks on Jebal Saleh. O. ocellata is in the "vulnerable" category of the IUCN Red List.
# Twin-Traction Beam

Twin-Traction Beam (TTB) is an independent suspension system for front drive axles in four-wheel drive Ford F-Series trucks and sport utility vehicles.

## Background

Twin-Traction Beam was invented by John A. Richardson and Donald G. Wheatley of Ford Motor Company covered by US patent 3,948,337 issued April 6, 1976. The patent name was “Independent front suspension for front-wheel drive” which was assigned to Ford Motor Company.
The Dana Holding Corporation manufactured the TTB axle for Ford. It uses a universal joint in the center that allows the wheels to move independently of each other. The differential is offset to the driver's side, and a slip yoke is used on the long axle side to allow the shaft to change length. The TTB axles are variations of the Dana 28, Dana 35, Dana 44, and Dana 50.

## Applications

Common applications include:
* 1980–1997 F-150/F-250
* 1991–1994 Ford Explorer
* 1984–1990 Ford Bronco II
* 1980–1996 Ford Bronco
* 1983–1997 Ford Ranger (North America)
* 1993-1997 Mazda B series
* 1991-1993 Mazda Navajo
# Twimight

Twimight was an open source Android client for the social networking site Twitter. The client let users view in real time "tweets" or micro-blog posts on the Twitter website as well as publish their own.

## Added value

In addition to being a fully functional, ad-free and open-source Twitter client, Twimight allowed communication if the cellular network is unavailable (for example, in case of a natural disaster). Twimight was also equipped with a feature called the "disaster mode", which users could enable or disable at will. When the disaster mode was enabled and the cellular network was down, Twimight used peer-to-peer communication to let users tweet in any circumstance. Enabling the disaster mode enabled on the phone's Bluetooth transceiver and connected the user to other nearby phones. This created a mobile ad hoc network or MANET, which could be used, for example, to locate missing persons even when the communication infrastructure had failed.

## History

Twimight started out as a project for a Master thesis at ETH Zurich in the spring of 2011.
# Operational Distinguishing Device

The Operational Distinguishing Device ("O" device) is a miniature silver 5⁄16 inch letter "O" that is authorized by the United States Coast Guard as a ribbon device which may be authorized for wear on certain awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard.
The "O" device is either centered on the suspension and service ribbon of the medal or unit award ribbon, or to the middle-right if there are an even number of letter devices on the ribbon. Any authorized gold 5⁄16 Inch Stars alternate around the "O" device. The first star is placed to the wearer’s right of the "O" device and the second star is placed to wearer's left of the "O" device. Only one "O" device may be worn per ribbon.
Eligibility criteria are based on a member's or unit's direct participation in missions of an operational "hands on" nature. To qualify for this device on a decoration, both the person's work and unit must be operational in nature.
Such examples include search and rescue, fire fighting, maritime law enforcement, disaster relief, pollution response, and aids to navigation maintenance and operations.
The decision to authorize an Operational Distinguishing Device is made by the award approving authority, giving a wide discretion as to what actions may qualify.

## Authorized awards

The Operational Distinguishing Device may be authorized for wear on the following awards:
Personal awards
* Meritorious Service Medal
* Coast Guard Commendation Medal
* Coast Guard Achievement Medal
* Commandant's Letter of Commendation Ribbon
Unit awards
* Coast Guard Unit Commendation
* Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation
* Coast Guard Meritorious Team Commendation
# Tugnet Ice House

The Tugnet Ice House is a Category A listed building in Spey Bay, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Spey. It was built as an industrial ice house used to store ice for packing salmon from the Spey fishery before it was sent to market. The current structure dates from 1830, having been built to replace an older structure damaged by flooding. It is the largest surviving ice house in the United Kingdom. The building currently forms part of the Scottish Dolphin Centre.

## Description

Tugnet is the largest surviving ice house in the United Kingdom. The building consists of three long brick-vaulted chambers, each divided into two compartments, with square three-gabled elevations at either end and curving turf roofs. The chambers are mostly subterranean, with only one third of their volume apparent from the outside. The main entrance leads into the central chamber, from which the remaining five chambers can be accessed; the cobbled floors in each chamber slope towards central drainage sumps; additional higher openings in the north and east elevations served as ice chutes, allowing ice, collected in winter from pools near the shore, to be deposited into the chambers.

## History

The ice house was a part of the Tugnet salmon-fishing station that was built up in the late 18th century by the Gordon Estate, which employed some 150 people. Fish would be caught in nets strung across the mouth of the river, cleaned and processed, and then packed in ice to be transported to market in London by a fleet of boats. Several 18th-century buildings survive, including the former fish house, boiler house and the manager's dwelling, but the original ice house was destroyed in a flood in 1829, necessitating the construction of the current building, which was completed in 1830. A lintel above the main entrance, which originally showed the construction date of 1830, was altered in 1977 to show the erroneous date of 1630.
The building remained in use as an ice house until 1968. In 1971 it was designated a Category A listed building. In 1981, it was converted into a museum about local wildlife and the historic salmon fishing and boat building industries. The site was later acquired by the charity Whale and Dolphin Conservation, and forms part of their Scottish Dolphin Centre, which offers tours of the building as well as wildlife watching activities.
# Herbert Murray

Herbert Murray may refer to:
* Herbert Harley Murray (1829–1904), Scottish colonial governor
* Herbert Frazier Murray (1923–1999), United States federal judge
* Herbert Murray (footballer) (1886–1918), Scottish footballer
* Herbert Leith Murray (1880–1932), professor of obstetrics and gynaecology
# Hermann Oncken

Hermann Gerhardt Karl Oncken (16 November 1869 in Oldenburg, Germany – 28 December 1945 in Göttingen, Germany) was a German historian and political writer. He was one of the most notable historians of pre-Nazi Germany.
He lectured at the universities of Chicago (1905), Giessen (1906), Heidelberg (1907–1923), Munich (1923–1928), and Berlin (1928–1935). In 1935 he was forced to retire by the Nazi regime, which he opposed.
He specialized in the 19th century, history of historical thought, history of political thought.
Notable students:
* Franz Schnabel (1887–1966), Ph.D. 1910
* Gerhard Ritter (1888–1967), Ph.D. in 1912
* Ernst Simon (1899–1988), Ph.D. in 1923
* George W. F. Hallgarten (1901–1975), Ph.D. 1925
* Walter Frank (1905–1945), Ph.D. 1927
* Michael Freund (1902–1972), Ph.D. 1928
* Paul Kluke (1908–1990), Ph.D. 1931
* Margret Boveri (1900–1975), Ph.D. 1932
* Felix Hirsch (1902–1982), Ph.D 1924

## Selected works

* Lasalle. Zwischen Marx und Bismarck (Lassalle. Between Marx and Bismarck), 1904
* Rudolf von Bennigsen. Ein deutscher liberaler Politiker (Rudolf von Bennigsen. A German liberal politician), 1910
* Historisch-politische Aufsätze (Historical-political Essays), 1914
* Das alte und das neue Mitteleuropa, 1917
* Die Utopia des Thomas Morus und das Machtproblem in der Staatslehre, 1922
* Die Rheinpolitik Kaiser Napoleons III von 1863 bis 1870 (The Rhine policy of Emperor Napoleon III from 1863 until 1870), 3 vol., 1926
* Napoleon III. und der Rhein. Der Ursprung des Krieges von 1870/71 (Napoleon III. and the Rhine. The Origin of the War of 1870/71), 1926 (= separately published Introduction of Die Rheinpolitik Kaiser Napoleons III (The Rhine policy of Emperor Napoleon III))
* Über das Motiv der "Sicherheit" in der europäischen Geschichte, 1926
* Großherzog Friedrich I. von Baden und die deutsche Politik von 1854–1871 (Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden and the German policy of 1854–1871, 1927
* Das Deutsche Reich und die Vorgeschichte des Weltkrieges (The German Reich and the Origin of the Great War), 2 vol., 1927
* Cromwell. Vier Essays über die Führung einer Nation, 1935
* Nation und Geschichte. Reden und Aufsätze 1919–1935 (Nation and History. Speeches and Essays 1919–1935), 1935
# Hermann Olshausen

Hermann Olshausen (21 August 1796 – 4 September 1839) was a German theologian.

## Biography

Olshausen was born at Oldeslohe in Holstein. He was educated at the universities of Kiel (1814) and Berlin (1816), where he was influenced by Schleiermacher and Neander. In 1817 he was awarded the prize at the Festival of the Reformation for an essay, Melanchthons Charakteristik aus seinen Briefen dargestellt (1818). This essay brought him to the notice of the Prussian Minister of Public Worship, and in 1820 he became Privatdozent at Berlin. In 1821, he became professor extraordinarius at the University of Königsberg, and in 1827 professor. In 1834, he became professor at the University of Erlangen.
Olshausen's expertise lay in New Testament exegesis; his Kommentar über sämmtliche Schriften des Neuen Testaments (Commentary on the complete text of the New Testament; completed and revised by Ebrard and Wiesinger) began to appear at Königsberg in 1830, and was translated into English in 4 volumes (Edinburgh, 1847–1849). He had prepared for it by his other works, Die Echtheit der vier kanonischen Evangelien, aus der Geschichte der zwei ersten Jahrhunderte erwiesen (The veracity of the four canonical Gospels demonstrated from the history of the first two centuries, 1823), Ein Wort über tieferen Schriftsinn (1824) and Die biblische Schriftauslegung (1825). In the latter two works, he presents his method of exegesis, and rejects the doctrine of verbal inspiration.

## Family

He was a brother of politician Theodor Olshausen and orientalist Justus Olshausen.
# Andriy Sirovatchenko

Andriy Sirovatchenko is a Paralympic swimmer from Ukraine competing mainly in category S9 events.
Andriy has twice competed at the Paralympics in 2004 and 2008. In 2004 he competed in the 100m backstroke and 100m freestyle finishing last in both heats, the 50m freestyle finishing eighth in the final. He was also part of the Ukrainian quartets that finished sixth in the 4 × 100 m medley and fifth in the heat of the 4 × 100 m freestyle. In the 2008 games he was again part of the 4 × 100 m medley but this time they picked up a bronze medal, he also competed in the 50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, 100m butterfly failing to make the final of any of them and finished sixth in the final of the 100m backstroke.
# Ohio Board of Regents

The Ohio Board of Regents was created in 1963 by the Ohio General Assembly to: provide higher education policy advice to the Governor of Ohio and the Ohio General Assembly; develop a strategy involving Ohio's public and independent colleges and universities; advocate for and manage state funds for public colleges; and coordinate and implement state higher education policies. In 2015 the Ohio General Assembly renamed the office of the Board of Regents as the "Department of Higher Education."
The board consists of nine members, in addition to two ex-officio representatives from the state legislature. The nine regents are not compensated and are appointed by the Governor to nine-year terms of service. The Governor appoints the chancellor who leads a professional staff in the service of higher education.
The Ohio Technology Consortium (OH-TECH), created in 2011 as the technology and information division of the Ohio Department of Higher Education, comprises the Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC), the Ohio Academic Resources Network (OARnet), and the Ohio Library Information Network (OhioLINK).
# Okhre

Okhre is ward no. 1 of Ram Prasad Rai Rural Municipality in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 2729 persons living in 534 individual households. Here lies a calcium ore.
# Olamide Faison

Olamide Aladejobi Patrick Alexander Faison (Listen /oʊˈlɑːmɪˌdeɪ feɪˈzɒn/) is an American actor and musician.

## Early life

Olamide Aladejobi Patrick Alexander Faison was born in New York City.

## Career

Faison has worked in television, film and commercials - portraying the young Malcolm X in the film Seven Songs for Malcolm X and appearing in the 1996 TV movie Rebound: The Legend of Earl 'The Goat' Manigault. Faison appeared in commercials for Pizza Hut, Chevy trucks, and Mattel Toys. He has also appeared in character as Miles at the Sesame Place theme park, promoting "Healthy Habits" in 2006.
Faison played Miles Robinson on the children's television show Sesame Street, after joining the cast in 2003. He is the third actor to play the role, after Miles Orman and Imani Patterson. Before taking over as Miles, Faison appeared on the series as an imaginary son of Maria and Luis in Episode 2608 (season 20), and as one of the kids during season 21.

## Music

In addition to acting, Faison is the lead singer and the guitarist for the Universal/Motown group Imajin. He spends much of his time between tapings of Sesame Street, practicing in the halls of the Kaufman Astoria Studios, where the show is shot.
In 2010, Faison contributed background vocals on the song "Skybourne" from Currensy's 2010 album Pilot Talk.

## Personal life

Olamidé is the youngest brother of Donald Faison, who is best known for playing Turk in Scrubs.
He dated reality television personality Natalie Nunn from 2003 to 2009.
His first given name is of Yoruba origin, meaning "my wealth has come."
# Skiwasser

Skiwasser or schiwasser is an alcohol-free soft drink, in the simplest and original version based on raspberry syrup, lemon juice and water. It has its origin in the winter sports resorts of Austrian Tyrol, as part of the beverage offer on ski huts or lodges. Typically, it has red-pink color. Syrup mixtures are also commercially available, which only need to be diluted with water, similar to other soft drinks in the catering trade. In addition, variants of the same name prepared from fresh fruits are offered, even as cocktail creations with alcohol.
# Anesthesia (disambiguation)

Anesthesia or anaesthesia has traditionally meant the condition of having the perception of pain and other sensations blocked. In some countries, the term is also used to mean anesthesiology.
Anesthesia, Anaesthesia, or, Anæsthesia, may also refer to:

## Film

* Anesthesia (2015 film), a 2015 U.S. indie drama film
* Anesthesia (1929 film), a 1929 German silent film

## Music
### Albums

* Anesthesia (album), a 1995 album by Fun People
* Anesthesia, a 1992 album by Premature Ejaculation

### Songs

* "Anesthesia", the sixth track on the album Against the Grain (1990) by Bad Religion
* "Anesthesia", the thirteenth track on the album Life Is Killing Me (2003) by Type O Negative
* "Anesthesia", the fifth track on the album Errorzone (2018) by Vein
* "(Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth", the fifth track (an instrumental by Cliff Burton) on the album Kill 'Em All (1983) by Metallica

## Other

* Anaesthesia (journal), a medical journal