OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Slepian–Wolf coding

In information theory and communication, the Slepian–Wolf coding, also known as the Slepian–Wolf bound, is a result in distributed source coding discovered by David Slepian and Jack Wolf in 1973. It is a method of theoretically coding two lossless compressed correlated sources.

## Problem setup

Distributed coding is the coding of two, in this case, or more dependent sources with separate encoders and a joint decoder. Given two statistically dependent independent and identically distributed finite-alphabet random sequences $X^{n}$ and $Y^{n}$, the Slepian–Wolf theorem gives a theoretical bound for the lossless coding rate for distributed coding of the two sources.

## Theorem

The bound for the lossless coding rates as shown below:
    $R_{X}\geq H(X|Y),\,$
    $R_{Y}\geq H(Y|X),\,$
    $R_{X}+R_{Y}\geq H(X,Y).\,$
If both the encoder and the decoder of the two sources are independent, the lowest rate it can achieve for lossless compression is $H(X)$ and $H(Y)$ for $X$ and $Y$ respectively, where $H(X)$ and $H(Y)$ are the entropies of $X$ and $Y$. However, with joint decoding, if vanishing error probability for long sequences is accepted, the Slepian–Wolf theorem shows that much better compression rate can be achieved. As long as the total rate of $X$ and $Y$ is larger than their joint entropy $H(X,Y)$ and none of the sources is encoded with a rate smaller than its entropy, distributed coding can achieve arbitrarily small error probability for long sequences.
A special case of distributed coding is compression with decoder side information, where source $Y$ is available at the decoder side but not accessible at the encoder side. This can be treated as the condition that $R_{Y}=H(Y)$ has already been used to encode $Y$, while we intend to use $H(X|Y)$ to encode $X$. In other words, two isolated sources can compress data as efficiently as if they were communicating with each other. The whole system is operating in an asymmetric way (compression rate for the two sources are asymmetric).
This bound has been extended to the case of more than two correlated sources by Thomas M. Cover in 1975, and similar results were obtained in 1976 by Aaron D. Wyner and Jacob Ziv with regard to lossy coding of joint Gaussian sources.
# Wang Qiang (general)

Wang Qiang (Chinese: 王强; born 1963) is an air force general of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) who currently serves as the commander of the Northern Theater Command. Wang was promoted to major general in July 2014 and to lieutenant general in June 2019.

## Biography

Wang was born in Rong County, Zigong, Sichuan province in 1963. He served as commander of the 12th Division of the Air Force of Jinan Military Region before serving as its deputy chief of staff in July 2013. In January 2016, he was commissioned in the Western Theater Command where he was assigned as deputy chief of staff and chief of staff of its Air Force. In July 2018, he was promoted to deputy commander of the Western Theater Command and concurrently serves as commander of its Air Force since April 2020. In September 2022, he was promoted to commander of the Northern Theater Command, replacing Li Qiaoming.
He was promoted to the rank of major general (shaojiang) in July 2014, lieutenant general (zhongjiang) in June 2019, and general (shangjiang) in September 2022.
Wang was a full member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
# The Walking Dead (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Walking Dead is an EP by the American doom metal band Saint Vitus, released in 1985 through SST Records. This is the last release to feature original singer Scott Reagers, until he returned for Die Healing (1995). The EP was released on 12" vinyl in 1985, but there was no CD release until 2010. In that format, it was typically included with the band's 1985 LP, Hallow's Victim.

## Track listing

* "Darkness" - 3:26
* "White Stallions" - 5:24
* "The Walking Dead" - 11:32

## Personnel
### Saint Vitus

* Scott Reagers - vocals
* Dave Chandler - guitar
* Mark Adams - bass
* Armando Acosta - drums

### Production

* Joe Carducci - producer
* SPOT - producer, engineer
# Philip Kelland

Philip Kelland PRSE FRS (17 October 1808 – 8 May 1879) was an English mathematician. He was known mainly for his great influence on the development of education in Scotland.

## Life

Kelland was born in 1808 the son of Philip Kelland (d.1847), curate in Dunster, Somerset, England. He was educated at Sherborne, and was an undergraduate at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he was tutored privately by English mathematician William Hopkins and graduated in 1834 as senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman. He was ordained in the Church of England. From 1834 to 1838, he was a fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge.
Kelland was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1838 and Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1839. He served as Secretary of the RSE 1843-4, Vice-President 1857–77 and President 1878-9. He won their Keith Medal for the period 1849–51.
He lived his final years at 20 Clarendon Crescent in western Edinburgh.
Kelland is buried in Warriston Cemetery in the north of the city.

## Academic career

Kelland was appointed Professor of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh in 1838. He was a successor to Scottish mathematician William Wallace. He became the first English-born and wholly English-educated mathematician to hold that chair.
Kelland joined with Scottish physicist James David Forbes in supporting reforms of the Scottish university system. He was an efficient education reformer. He won the respect of his colleagues, and was regarded highly as a mathematics instructor. He wrote on the reform of the Scottish universities.

## Research

Kelland's early research work, undertaken at the University of Cambridge, was influenced by mathematicians Joseph Fourier and Augustin Louis Cauchy. This research is described in his Theory of Heat (1837, 1842) and in some papers. However, this proved not to be based on sound principles.
In all, 28 papers published by Kelland, mainly on heat, light and water waves, are listed in the Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers. His theoretical work on water waves (1840, 1844), published in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, tried to explain aspects of the important experiments of John Scott Russell, then being carried out near Edinburgh. Although this work was flawed in some respects, it anticipated some of the results later obtained by George Biddell Airy and George Gabriel Stokes.
Kelland wrote analytical papers on General Differentiation in 1839, and Differential Equations in 1853. He gave a geometrical Theory of Parallels outlining a version of non-Euclidean geometry. He wrote mathematics books and edited works of mathematician John Playfair and polymath Thomas Young.

## Family

He married twice: firstly to "Miss Pilkington" secondly to Miss Boswall of Wardie.
# Come Down, O Love Divine

"Come Down, O Love Divine" is a Christian hymn usually sung for the festival of Pentecost. It makes reference to the descent of the Holy Spirit as an invocation to God to come to into the soul of the believer. It is a popular piece of Anglican church music and is commonly sung to the tune "Down Ampney" by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

## History

The text of "Come down, O Love divine" originated as an Italian poem, "Discendi amor santo" by the medieval mystic poet Bianco da Siena (1350-1399). The poem appeared in the 1851 collection Laudi Spirituali del Bianco da Siena of Telesforo Bini, and in 1861, the Anglo-Irish clergyman and writer Richard Frederick Littledale translated it into English. The first publication of the English version was in Littledale's 1867 hymn-book, The People's Hymnal.
For the hymn's publication in The English Hymnal of 1906, the hymnal's editor Ralph Vaughan Williams composed a tune, "Down Ampney", which he named after the Gloucestershire village of his birth. This publication established the hymn's widespread popularity. When Vaughan Williams died in 1958, "Come Down, O Love Divine" was sung at his funeral in Westminster Abbey as the composer's ashes were ceremonially interred in the Musicians' Corner.

## Text

Come down, O Love divine,
Seek Thou this soul of mine,
And visit it with Thine own ardour glowing;
O Comforter, draw near,
Within my heart appear,
and kindle it, Thy holy flame bestowing.
O let it freely burn Till earthly passions turn To dust and ashes in its heat consuming: And let Thy glorious light Shine ever on my sight, And clothe me round, the while my path illuming.
Let holy charity Mine outward vesture be, And lowliness become my inner clothing, True lowliness of heart, Which takes the humbler part, And o'er its own shortcomings weeps with loathing.
And so the yearning strong, With which the soul will long, Shall far outpass the power of human telling; For none can guess its grace, Till he become the place Wherein the Holy Spirit makes His dwelling.

## Tune

The following setting of the tune appears in The English Hymnal (1906):
# In the Mood for Life

In the Mood for Life is a full-length album by French hip hop producer Wax Tailor. It was released on 22 September 2009 and licensed for release in North America by Le Plan and in Australia by Blend Corp.

## Track listing

| # | Title |
| 1 | "City Vapors" |
| 2 | "Dragon Chasers (feat. Charlotte Savary)" |
| 3 | "Already Begun (skit)" |
| 4 | "B-Boy on Wax (feat. Speech Defect)" |
| 5 | "Street Scent (skit)" |
| 6 | "No Pity" |
| 7 | "Dry Your Eyes (feat. Sara Genn)" |
| 8 | "Masquerade Theme (skit)" |
| 9 | "Until Heaven Stops The Rain (feat. Mattic)" |
| 10 | "More Songs (skit)" |
| 11 | "Leave It (feat. Dionne)" |
| 12 | "Escape Theme (skit)" |
| 13 | "Go Without Me (feat. Charlotte Savary)" |
| 14 | "This Train (feat. Voice & Ali Harter)" |
| 15 | "Sit & Listen" |
| 16 | "Fireflies (feat. Charlotte Savary & Mattic)" |
| 17 | "Say Yes (feat. ASM)" |
| 18 | "I Own You (feat. Charlie Winston)" |
| 19 | "Greenfields (feat. Charlotte Savary)" |
# Yema Auto

Sichuan Yema Automobile Co., Ltd. is a Chinese automobile manufacturer which has built buses and automobiles under the Yema brand since 2002. The company was founded in the 1980s. In January 2019, Yema Auto was acquired by Levdeo, a Chinese low-speed electric vehicle company that produces Neighborhood Electric Vehicles.

## Development

Yema Auto has three manufacturing bases located separately in Chengdu and Mianyang: the Chengdu HQ, Chengdu New Energy Branch and Mianyang Branch. The Chengdu HQ includes Chengdu Passenger Vehicle Co. and Chengdu Bus Co., where coaches, commuter buses, city buses, passenger vehicles (SUVs and MPVs) and new energy vehicles are made. In September 2002, with the approval of the Chengdu Municipal Government, Sichuan Fulin Industrial Group Co., Ltd. implemented an overall merger and reorganization, and was listed as a key automobile manufacturing enterprise in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" of Sichuan Province and Chengdu Municipal People's Government.
In August 2006, it was officially renamed Sichuan Automobile Industry Group Co., Ltd.
In 2011, Sichuan Automobile Industry Co., Ltd. was established through share reorganization.
In 2012, the Yema Automobile New Energy Branch was established, and the Sichuan New Energy Automobile Industry Research Institute was jointly established with Zhongneng Dongdao Group.
In 2014, the new logo was officially launched. The Mianyang Branch is located in Mianyang Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, covering an area of around 1.3 million square meters, with total investment of over 3 billion RMB. It has established a first-rate-equipped manufacturing base with four complete vehicle-production processes of multi-vehicle & full automation production lines for both traditional and new energy vehicles in the year of 2014. In April 2015, it was renamed "Sichuan Yema Automobile Co., Ltd."
As of January 2019, Levdeo acquired Yema Auto and revealed plans to strategically reorganized it, launching electric vehicles built on existing Yema gasoline vehicle platforms under the newly launched Letin brand. Since Levdeo declared bankruptcy in May 2023, Yema Auto also fell into crisis.
In 2023, Yema Auto was filed for bankruptcy review twice.

## Models

Non production
* SQJ6480 Estate (prototype only)
* SQJ6485 Estate SUV (prototype only)
Van
* SQJ6450/6450N (Austin Maestro van)
MPV
* Spica (MPV, shaped like the Toyota Alphard)
CUV
* SQJ6451/F99 (Subaru Forester lookalike)
* F10 (Subaru Forester lookalike with an Audi-style grille)
* F12 (Subaru Forester lookalike with a Kia-style front end)
* F16 (Subaru Forester lookalike with a slightly different Kia-style front end)
* T60 (博骏) (Since 2018)
* T70 (Compact CUV, with 1.5T, 1.8L and 1.8T of displacement)
* T80 (Mid-size CUV)
New Energy Vehicle (NEV)
* EC70 (Electric CUV based on the T70)
* EC60 (Electric compact CUV based on the T60)
* EC30 (Electric MPV based on the Spica)
* Yema Bojun
* Yema Letin Mengo
* Yema T70
* Yema F12
* Yema F99 rear
# BMG Heritage Records

BMG Heritage Records was the record label of the BMG Strategic Marketing Group reissue division of Sony BMG Music Entertainment which handled the reissue of recordings first issued on the RCA Victor, Arista, Buddah, Windham Hill and Jive Records (when BMG bought Zomba in 2003), as well as other labels BMG or predecessor companies acquired over the years. It was founded in November 2001 and formally established on January 1, 2002 as the successor company to the Buddha Records reissue label. In 2005, Sony BMG folded BMG Heritage into Legacy Recordings.
# Grey dagger

The grey dagger (Acronicta psi) is a moth of the family Noctuidae.

## Distribution

This species can be found from Europe and North Africa to northern Iran, central Asia, southern and central Siberia and Mongolia. In the Levant it is found in Lebanon and Israel.

## Habitat

These moths mainly inhabit deciduous forests, hedgerows, parks and gardens, at an elevation up to 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) above sea level.

## Description

Acronicta psi has a wingspan of 34–45 mm (1.3–1.8 in). These moths have grey forewings with bold black dagger-shaped markings. (The Latin specific name also refers to these markings, as resembling the Greek letter psi, ψ.) The hindwings are dirty grey, generally paler in the male.
The moth is very similar to the dark dagger (Acronicta tridens) and identification is generally only possible by minute examination of the genitalia. See Townsend et al. However, in general this moth is generally darker in colour than the dark dagger and always lacks the white hindwings often present in the male of that species. Moreover, the larvae of the two species are very different.
The larva of Acronicta psi is quite hairy, greyish or brownish below and black above, with red spots along the sides and a bold yellow stripe along the back. It has a distinctive horn just behind the head (absent from the larva of dark dagger).

## Biology

The grey dagger flies at night from June to August and is attracted to light and sometimes to sugar.
It feeds on a wide range of plants, mainly trees and shrubs (see list below). The species overwinters as a pupa.

## Food plants

Recorded food plants include:
* Acer platanoides – Norway maple
* Aegopodium podagraria – ground-elder
* Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana – alder
* Amelanchier spicata
* Betula verrucosa, Betula pubescens – birch
* Corylus avellana – hazel
* Cotoneaster
* Crataegus oxyacantha, Crataegus coccinea – hawthorn
* Hedlundia hybrida (formerly Sorbus hybrida, and S. fennica)
* Malus domestica – apple
* Photinia – red robin
* Populus tremula, Populus suaveolens – poplar spp.
* Prunus domestica, Prunus cerasus, Prunus avium, Prunus padus
* Pyrus communis – pear
* Quercus robur – oak
* Rosa – rose
* Rubus idaeus – bramble
* Salix caprea, Salix phylicifolia – willow
* Sorbus aucuparia; Sorbus intermedia; Hedlundia hybrida (formerly Sorbus hybrida, and S. fennica)
* Spiraea salicifolia
* Tilia – lime
* Ulmus glabra – elm

## Gallery

* Half-grown caterpillar of Acronicta psi feeding on Rosa canina
* Mature larva feeding on a Japanese cherry tree in early autumn
* Mature larva in early autumn
* Pupa
* Imago. Mounted specimen
# Bathymophila gravida

Bathymophila gravida is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

## Description

The diameter of the shell attains 16 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand and occurs at the Three Kings Rise at depths between 1082 m and 1570 m.
# William Pendleton

William Pendleton may refer to:
* William N. Pendleton (1809–1883), American teacher, Episcopal priest, and soldier
* William Frederic Pendleton (1845–1927), first Executive Bishop of the General Church of the New Jerusalem
* William W. Pendleton, former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
# Philip Kennedy (footballer)

Philip Kennedy was a Scottish football player, who played for Dumbarton and Bathgate during the 1920s. He also had a season on loan with Bo'ness.
# Duck Island (Vilas County, Wisconsin)

Duck Island is a small island located just inside the Wisconsin border, in the town of Phelps, Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. The island is one of two inhabited islands in Lac Vieux Desert, the other being Draper Island, Michigan.

## Climate

Duck Island :
Climate chart (explanation) :
# In the Morning

In the Morning is the title of:

## Songs

* "In the Morning" (Boom Crash Opera song), 1993
* "In the Morning" (J. Cole song), 2010
* "In the Morning" (The Coral song), 2005
* "In the Morning" (Itzy song), 2021
* "In the Morning" (Jack Johnson song), 2011
* "In the Morning" (Razorlight song), 2006
* In the Morning (Ledisi song), 2007
* "In the Morning" (Jennifer Lopez song), 2020
* "Morning of My Life", written by Barry Gibb and originally titled "In the Morning"
* "In the Morning", by Built to Spill from the 1994 album There's Nothing Wrong with Love
* "In the Morning", by Graham Coxon from the 2009 album The Spinning Top
* "In the Morning", by E-40 from the 2011 album Revenue Retrievin': Overtime Shift
* "In the Morning", by Aretha Franklin from the 1998 album A Rose Is Still a Rose
* "In the Morning", by Jefferson Airplane, first released on the 1974 compilation album Early Flight
* "In the Morning", written by Irving Berlin and performed by Al Jolson in the 1930 film Mammy
* "In the Morning", by Junior Boys from the 2006 album So This Is Goodbye
* "In the Morning", by Soulsavers from the 2012 album The Light the Dead See
* "In the Morning", by the Trews from the 2014 album The Trews
# Yem people

The Yem are an ethnic group living in south-western Ethiopia. Their native language is Yemsa, one of the Omotic languages, although many also speak Amharic. The neighbors of the Yem include the Gurage, Hadya, and Kembata to the east across the Omo River and the Jimma Oromo to the south, north and west.

## History

The first reference to Yem as a political unit is found, under the name of Jangero, in the victory song of King Yeshaq I (1412-1427) of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, as paying tribute in the form of horses to the king. The first European traveler to mention Yem was the European traveler Father Fernandez, who travelled through their homeland in 1614.

## Population

Their number was not definitely known until recently, as Aklilu Yilma states, "Bender gives the estimate as '1000' (Bender 1976: 4), whereas the Ethnologue reported 1,000 to 4,000 Yemsa speakers in 1992. The report of the Central Statistical Office gives the 1984 census figures of the Yem people as 34,951 (Central Statistical Office 1991:61), but this census seems to comprise only the Fofa area." The 1994 national census reported 60,811 people identified themselves as Yem in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR), of whom 59,581 lived in the around Fofa, and 52,292 speakers of the Yemsa language in the SNNPR, of whom 51,264 were living in the same area.Now the administration city is saja. The more recent 2007 national census reports that 160,447 were identified as Yem, of whom 84,607 lived in the Oromia Region and 74,906 in the SNNPR.
# Bataan Peninsula State University

Bataan Peninsula State University (BPSU) is one of the state universities in the province of Bataan, Philippines. It is a conglomeration of higher education institutions in Bataan.

## History

Before the conversion, BPSU had three campuses; two were located in the City of Balanga while the third was situated in Orani, Bataan. The passage of RA 9403 resulted in the expansion of BPSU's campuses as the Act integrated the Bataan State College in Dinalupihan and its satellite campus in Abucay.
The Bataan Peninsula State University was established by Republic Act 9403 which was signed into law on 22 March 2007.
In June 2008, the university made education more accessible to the residents of the towns of Bagac and Morong by establishing an extension in the Municipality of Bagac. The extension offers courses like BS Entrepreneurship, BS Hotel and Restaurant Management, first two years of Nursing, and General Engineering courses. In December 20, 2023, President Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr. signed the Republic Act 11969 officially elevating Bagac as BPSU's sixth campus.
The university has three programs granted with Level 1 Accreditation from AACCUP. Fifty-six programs are scheduled for accreditation from 2008 to 2012.

## Campuses and locations

* Capitol Compound (Main campus)
* Abucay Campus
* Balanga Campus
* Dinalupihan Campus
* Orani Campus
* Bagac Campus
* Morong, Bataan - soon to rise
* Mariveles - no plan yet

## Gallery

* The Bell is a landmark at BPSU Main Campus - located in front of ESF-Medina Lacson Building
* BPSU Balanga Campus along Don Manuel Banzon Avenue
* BPSU Abucay Campus Agriculture Engineering Building
* Automated Guideway Transit prototype in Bataan Peninsula State University Main Campus
* Medina Lacson De Leon Building in Bataan Peninsula State University Main Campus
* Bataan Peninsula State University Main Campus Library
# Stigmella eurydesma

Stigmella eurydesma is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1915. It is known from British Guyana.
# Umbo

Umbo may refer to:

## Anatomy

* Umbo (eye), tiny depression in the center of the foveola corresponding to the foveal reflex
* Umbo of tympanic membrane, the central, most inverted portion of the eardrum

## Flora and fauna

* Umbo (bivalve), part of a bivalve shell which was formed when the animal was a juvenile
* Umbo (conifer cone), the first year's growth of a seed scale on a conifer cone, showing up as a protuberance at the end of the two-year-old scale
* Umbo (mycology), at the top of some mushrooms

## Other

* Otto Umbehr (1902–1980), a German photographer known as "Umbo"
* A shield boss, a round, convex, or conical piece of material at the center of a shield
# Golden Nugget Laughlin

The Golden Nugget Laughlin (formerly the Nevada Club) is a hotel and casino located on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Landry's, Inc. It offers a number of restaurants, 300 guest rooms and suites, a casino floor, and meeting spaces. The Golden Nugget offers water taxi service from Bullhead City, Arizona, on the opposite side of the river.
Restaurants at the Golden Nugget include Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, Claim Jumper, Saltgrass Steak House and Bean and Bread.

## History

The property was previously known as the Nevada Club. In 1986, the resort underwent a major renovation. In 1988, the Del Webb Corporation sold the Nevada Club to Golden Nugget Inc. for $40 million, and it was renamed as the Golden Nugget Laughlin. The 300-room hotel was added to the property in 1992, along with a parking garage, new restaurants, and tropical theming, including an indoor rainforest.
In 2004, it was acquired by Poster Financial Group. On May 31, 2005, it was acquired by Landry’s, which was purchasing the Golden Nugget Las Vegas at the same time. Rooms underwent renovation in 2006.
In the years since Landry’s acquired Golden Nugget Las Vegas and Laughlin, three additional Golden Nugget resorts have been developed in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Biloxi, Mississippi and Lake Charles, Louisiana.