OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Civil Aviation Safety Authority

The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) is an Australian statutory authority responsible for the regulation and safety oversight of Australia's civil aviation. CASA was formed on 6 July 1995 under the Civil Aviation Act 1988 when the Civil Aviation Authority was split into two separate government bodies: Airservices Australia and CASA.
CASA is an agency within the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts (DITRDCA). Directors are appointed by the minister.
CASA is responsible for monitoring civil air operations in Australia, issuing appropriate licences, enforcing safety requirements and protecting the environment from the effects of aircraft use.

## Role

CASA licences pilots, ground crew, aircraft and airfield operators. It is also responsible for enforcing safety requirements under the Commonwealth Civil Aviation Act 1988 and the Air Navigation Act 1920 and it must carry out its responsibilities in accordance with the Airspace Act 2007. Although it is a corporate body distinct from the Australian Government, CASA is responsible to the Federal Minister for Infrastructure and Transport.
CASA was established on 6 July 1995 and its functions are defined by the Civil Aviation Act 1988. Those functions include conducting the safety regulation of:
* civil air operations in Australian territory
* operation of Australian aircraft outside Australian territory
* developing and promulgating appropriate, clear and concise aviation safety standards
* developing effective enforcement strategies to secure compliance with aviation safety standards
* administering drug and alcohol management plans and testing
* issuing certificates, licenses, registrations and permits
* conducting comprehensive aviation industry surveillance
* conducting regular reviews of the system of civil aviation safety in order to monitor the safety performance of the aviation industry
* conducting regular assessment of international safety developments
CASA must regard the safety of air navigation as the most important consideration, however it must exercise its powers and perform its functions in a manner that ensures, as far as is practicable, the environment is protected from: (a) the effects of the operation and use of aircraft; and (b) the effects associated with the operation and use of aircraft. In practice there is uncertainty concerning which body assumes meaningful responsibility for the impact of aviation on the environment.
# Yaringa Marine National Park

The Yaringa Marine National Park is a protected marine national park located in Western Port, Victoria, Australia. The 980-hectare (2,400-acre) marine park is located between the mainland and Quail Island Nature Conservation Reserve, about 52 kilometres (32 mi) southeast of Melbourne. The area comprises saltmarsh, mangroves, sheltered intertidal mudflats, subtidal soft sediments and tidal channels. It is part of the Western Port Ramsar site.
# William of Chartres

William of Chartres or Guillaume de Chartres may refer to:
* Guillaume de Ferrières (d. ?1204), vidame of Chartres and troubadour
* William of Chartres (Templar) (d. 1219), grand master of the Knights Templar
* William of Chartres (Dominican) (d. c. 1280), chaplain and biographer of Louis IX of France
# Bilingual vase painting

Bilingual vase painting is a special form of ancient Greek vase painting. The term, derived from linguistics, is essentially a metaphorical one; it describes vases that are painted both in the black-figure and in the red-figure techniques. It also describes the transitional period when black-figure was being gradually replaced in dominance by red-figure, basically the last quarter of the 6th and the very beginning of the 5th century BC. Their appearance may be due to the initial uncertainty of the market for the new red-figure style, although that style subsequently became dominant rather fast.

## History

Bilingual vase painting was almost entirely restricted to belly amphorae of type B and to eye-cups. In some cases, either side of an amphora bore a depiction of the same motif, one in black-figure, the other in red-figure (e.g. on the belly amphora by the Andokides Painter, Munich 2301). Eye-cups usually feature a black-figure image on the interior, and red-figure motifs on the external surface. An exception to this is a kylix by the Andokides Painter in Palermo, on which the exterior is painted half in black-figure and half in red-figure. Apart from the Andokides Painter, bilingual works were produced primarily by Psiax (especially belly amphorae), as well as by Epiktetos and Oltos (eye-cups). Usually, both paintings (in both styles) on one vase are produced by the same artist. In some cases, however, this is controversial. This applies especially to the Andokides Painter, whose black-figure work is ascribed by some scholars to the Lysippides Painter, who, in turn, is sometimes seen as identical with the Andokides Painter.
# Bilingualism: Language and Cognition

Bilingualism: Language and Cognition is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of linguistics focusing on the study of multilingualism, including bilingual language competence, perception and production, bilingual language acquisition in children and adults, neurolinguistics of bilingualism (in normal and brain-damaged populations), and non-linguistic cognitive processes in bilinguals. The journal is published by Cambridge University Press and was co-established by François Grosjean in 1998.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts
* Scopus
* EBSCOhost
* MLA International Bibliography
* Social Sciences Citation Index
* E-psyche
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.707, ranking it 7th out of 181 journals in the category "Linguistics" and 22nd out of 85 journals in the category "Experimental Psychology".
# Bilingualism in Ottawa

Ottawa offers municipal services in English and French but is not officially bilingual, despite a December 2017 bill intent on requiring the designation.
One controversial aspect of the City of Ottawa Act was the manner in which it addressed official bilingualism within Ottawa's municipal government. Before the enactment of the Act, Glen Shortliffe, a special advisor appointed by the provincial government to make recommendations on municipal governance in Ottawa–Carleton, recommended in 1999 that the new amalgamated city of Ottawa be designated as officially bilingual, with municipal services available in both English and French.
The provincial government of the time, led by the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, refused to enshrine official bilingualism in the City of Ottawa Act, but made clear that the new city was free to establish its own language policy. In 2001, Ottawa City Council passed a bilingualism policy modelled on the policy of the former Ottawa–Carleton Region, whereby English and French were both recognized as having the same rights, status and privileges within the municipal government, while allowing for differences in services based on local needs throughout the amalgamated city.
In 2003, the Ontario Liberal Party returned to power at the provincial level, and the new Premier, Dalton McGuinty, publicly stated that the city should be designated bilingual in the Act. Rather than reignite the controversy through a designation, however, the province ultimately announced amendments to the Act in 2004 (which came into force in 2005) to require the city of Ottawa to have a policy respecting its use of French and English. City council revised its bilingualism policy in 2004, offering all its municipal services in both French and English.
# Yadurwadi

Yadurwadi is a village situated at the banks of the Krishna River in Belagavi district in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Sugarcane is a main source of income for the people here. Farmers also grow soybeans in the monsoon season and wheat in the winter season. Yadurwadi is the part of Yadur Gram Panchayat. Neighbouring villages are Chandur, Shahapur, Khotwadi, Hale Yadur, Hosa Yadur and Khidrapur

## Transportation
### Road

The village is about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from State Highway 12. There are both public and private buses running on State Highway 12. The village has direct bus to Chikodi every two hours during the daytime.

### Railway

Near by railway stations are at Raibag Miraj and Ugar.

### Air

Air travel is available from nearby airports at Belagavi, Hubli, and Kolhapur.

## "Laxmi Jatre" The village fair

Every year at the end of May or in June, Goddess Laxmi Devi Jatre Is celebrated for two days. Friday is the main Day of the Jatre, People enjoy mango juice On Jatre Days.

### Events In Jatre
#### Tuesday

Akshata On Goddess Laxmi.

#### Friday

Morning 11.00 AM Naivedde. Night 10.00 PM Pallakki.

#### Saturday

Morning 9.00 AM Sharayattu. Evening 04.30 PM Jangi Kusti

## Krishna River

The village is situated on the banks of Krishna River One of the India's largest river and therefore never faces any water scarcity.

## CROPS

1.Sugar Cane 2.Soyabean 3.All types of vegetables 4.Bengal Gram 5. Hesar Kalu 4.Udad

## Flood

Yadurwadi is surrounded by the Krishna River from all four sides. During monsoon season the water level rises in the river. In the year (2019), & 2021 Due to heavy flood 50 % of village affected by flood water. 60 % of the village was evacuated. In 2005, a monsoon caused heavy flooding and the village was fully surrounded by water. People were unable to go out from the village. But water never entered inside the village and Village remained safe.
# Verda Colvin

Verda M. Colvin (born 1965) is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia and former judge of the Georgia Court of Appeals.

## Education

Colvin received her bachelor's degree from Sweet Briar College and her Juris Doctor from the University of Georgia School of Law in 1993.

## Legal career

Previously, she served as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Middle District of Georgia, Assistant District Attorney for the Clayton County District Attorney's Office, Assistant General Counsel for Clark Atlanta University, Assistant Solicitor for the Solicitor's Office in Athens-Clarke County, and as an associate for Ferguson, Stein, Watt, Wallas, and Gresham.

## Judicial career
### State court service

Colvin was appointed to the Macon Circuit Superior Court by Georgia Governor Nathan Deal on March 24, 2014. A March 25, 2016, address by Colvin to a group of students as part of a “Consider the Consequences” program for at-risk students that Judge Colvin was unaware was being recorded went viral and was viewed hundreds of thousands of times, picked up by local, national and international media, and played by teachers for their students. In June 2019, she was appointed to a state judicial commission.

### Appointment to Georgia Court of Appeals

On March 27, 2020, Governor Brian Kemp appointed Colvin to the Georgia Court of Appeals. She was sworn in on April 10, 2020. She is the state's first African-American female appointed to the Georgia Court of Appeals by a Republican governor.

### Appointment to Georgia Supreme Court

On July 20, 2021, Colvin was appointed to the Supreme Court of Georgia by Governor Brian Kemp, to the seat vacated by justice Harold Melton, who retired on July 1, 2021.
# Valašské Příkazy

Valašské Příkazy is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Valašské Příkazy lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Vsetín, 28 km (17 mi) east of Zlín, and 283 km (176 mi) east of Prague.

## History

The first written mention of Valašské Příkazy is from 1503.
From 1 January 2021, Valašské Příkazy is no longer a part of Vsetín District and belongs to Zlín District.
# Australian cricket team in England in 2019

The Australia national cricket team toured England between May and September 2019 to play in the 2019 Cricket World Cup, the Ashes and tour matches against Worcestershire and Derbyshire. In the Cricket World Cup, Australia failed to defend the title they won in 2015 and were knocked out in the semi-finals.
Cricket Australia named a 25-man preliminary squad for the Test series. Ahead of the first Test, they were scheduled to play against the Australia A team. However, this match was replaced by a four-day, intra-squad warm-up match, with Brad Haddin and Graeme Hick named as mentors of the two 12-man teams. Australia retained the Ashes after winning the fourth Test to take an unassailable 2–1 lead in the series, but England's victory in the final Test meant the series was drawn 2–2, the first drawn Ashes series since 1972.

## Tour matches
### Four-day match: Brad Haddin XII vs Graeme Hick XII

* 23–26 July 2019 Scorecard
* Graeme Hick XII won by 5 wickets Rose Bowl, Southampton Umpires: Nick Cook (Eng) and Robert White (Eng)
* Graeme Hick XII won the toss and elected to field.

### Three-day match: Worcestershire vs Australia

* 7–9 August 2019 Scorecard
* Match drawn New Road, Worcester Umpires: Hassan Adnan (Eng) and Neil Mallender (Eng)
* Worcestershire won the toss and elected to field.
* Only 13 overs of play were possible on day 3 due to rain.
* Jack Haynes (Worcestershire) made his first-class debut.

### Three-day match : Derbyshire vs Australia

* 29–31 August 2019 Scorecard
* Australia won by an innings and 54 runs County Ground, Derby Umpires: Neil Bainton (Eng) and Neil Pratt (Eng)
* Derbyshire won the toss and elected to bat.
* Dustin Melton (Derbyshire) made his first-class debut.

## Test series
### 1st Test

* 1–5 August 2019 Scorecard
| Australia 284 (80.4 overs) & 487/7d (112 overs) | v | England 374 (135.5 overs) & 146 (52.3 overs) |
* Australia won by 251 runs Edgbaston, Birmingham

### 2nd Test

* 14–18 August 2019 Scorecard
| England 258 (77.1 overs) & 258/5d (71 overs) | v | Australia 250 (94.3 overs) & 154/6 (47.3 overs) |
* Match drawn Lord's, London

### 3rd Test

* 22–26 August 2019 Scorecard
| Australia 179 (52.1 overs) & 246 (75.2 overs) | v | England 67 (27.5 overs) & 362/9 (125.4 overs) |
* England won by 1 wicket Headingley, Leeds

### 4th Test

* 4–8 September 2019 Scorecard
| Australia 497/8d (126 overs) & 186/6d (42.5 overs) | v | England 301 (107 overs) & 197 (91.3 overs) |
* Australia won by 185 runs Old Trafford, Manchester

### 5th Test

* 12–16 September 2019 Scorecard
| England 294 (87.1 overs) & 329 (95.3 overs) | v | Australia 225 (68.5 overs) & 263 (77 overs) |
* England won by 135 runs The Oval, London
# Give It All You Got

"Give It All You Got" is an instrumental song from 1980 by the American flugelhorn player Chuck Mangione. It was composed and produced by Mangione, and can be found on his 1980 album Fun and Games, which also includes a slower-paced version of the same selection, played in C minor (as opposed to the original, which is played in B-flat minor), titled "Give It All You Got, But Slowly."

## Composition and recording
### Origins

The song was originally featured as the official theme of the 1980 Winter Olympics, held in Lake Placid, New York. The TV network ABC had used Mangione's recordings four years earlier during their coverage of the 1976 Summer Olympics, and the then President of ABC Sports, Roone Arledge, asked the musician to create the theme song for the Winter games. Mangione also performed the song live at the Closing Ceremonies on February 24. The C minor version was also used for sign-off music on CBUT Vancouver and WFLD Chicago in the early-to-mid 1980s. It was also used by WJAR-TV in Providence, Rhode Island in their 1986 sign-off.
Released as a single just before the Olympics, "Give It All You Got" peaked at No. 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1980. The song charted at No. 32 on the Billboard R&B chart and spent three non-consecutive weeks atop the Billboard adult contemporary chart. This was Mangione's second single to reach No. 1 on the AC chart, following "Feels So Good" from 1978.
The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1981 in the category Best Instrumental Composition, losing out to composer John Williams and his score to the film The Empire Strikes Back.
Mangione has described the process of composing the instrumental's music, saying that his "vision was to think about the athletes and their efforts to do their best now. They're giving it all they've got. And we almost got to be like the athletes because we also got to perform the song at the ceremonies for a worldwide audience."

## Personnel

* Chuck Mangione: flugelhorn, electric piano
* Chris Vadala: sax
* Grant Geissman: electric guitar
* Charles Meeks: bass
* James Bradley, Jr.: drums
# Paul Dawson (actor)

Paul Dawson is an American actor. In the 2006 comedy-drama film Shortbus, written and directed by John Cameron Mitchell, he played the secretly suicidal former prostitute James.

## Career
### Shortbus

The film Shortbus is noted for its explicit depiction of sexual activity, and, though Dawson is featured in one of the film's most graphic scenes, it was his portrayal of depression that garnered the critics' attention. "Dawson's James haunts," said David Ansen of Newsweek, "the bitter taste of his despair feels real;" and a reviewer for TV Guide said that James and Jamie (played by PJ DeBoy) were perhaps the "most adorable gay couple ever."

### Other film credits

In 1999, Dawson played Tar in The Blur of Insanity, an underground comedy written and directed by John Hussar about partying and drug use in college. The following year, he played a bellboy in The Big Kahuna, which starred Kevin Spacey and Danny DeVito. Also in 2000, Dawson appeared as the Bloodied Man in Urbania, an independent drama based on the play Urban Folk Tales. Urbania premiered at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival and was seen at a number of LGBT film festivals. That same year Dawson played a hustler in "The Mountain King," a short film included in the 2001 LGBT-themed anthology Boys to Men.

### Television credits

In 1999, Dawson appeared in the pilot episode of Strangers with Candy, "Old Habits – New Beginnings," and was also featured as "Derek Harland" in the Law & Order episode "Hate".

### "Mattachine"

Dawson is the graphic designer and a disc jockey for international "Mattachine" dance parties, which he co-founded in New York City in 2008.
# Paula Donovan

Paula Donovan is an American AIDS and women's rights activist. She is the co-executive director with Stephen Lewis of AIDS-Free World, an international advocacy organization that works to promote more urgent and effective global responses to HIV/AIDS. In recognition of her work in HIV/AIDS advocacy, Donovan received the Salem Award for Human Rights and Social Justice in 2005 and an alumni humanitarian award from Fairfield University in 2007.
Donovan is also an advocate for women's rights. She called for the United Nations to create a UN agency for women with financial and political clout. Her efforts and those of others resulted in the UN General Assembly passing a resolution in 2010 which supported a new consolidated body, UN Women – to be headed by an under-secretary-general – to deal with issues concerning women. The resolution merged the UN Development Fund for Women, the Division for the Advancement of Women, the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW).
Donovan previously served as a Senior Advisor in the office of the United Nations Secretary General's Special Envoy for AIDS in Africa and is a 20-year veteran of international development, women's rights and HIV/AIDS. In the early '90s, she worked at UNICEF and ran the global advocacy campaign for breastfeeding. Later, she became chief aide to UNICEF's deputy executive director, and spent four years in Kenya as East and Southern Africa's Regional AIDS advisor for UNICEF.

## Education

Donovan earned both her Bachelor of Arts in English in 1977 and Masters in corporate and political communications in 1988 from Fairfield University.
# Aya (queen)

Aya was an ancient Egyptian king's wife of the early Thirteenth Dynasty (between 1803 and 1649 BCE).
Aya in hieroglyphs :
Era: Middle Kingdom (2055–1650 BC) :

## Attestations

She is known from two sources. She can be associated with vizier Ankhu.

### Würzburg Martin von Wagner Museum H 35

At Abydos, Aya appears on a stela now in Würzburg. From this source it is clear that she was part of an influential family of high court officials and was related to the Vizier . Importantly, is a certain Royal Scribe and Overseer of a Half-Domain, Wepwawethotep {ḫtmw-bjtj; jmj-rꜣ gs-pr wp-wꜣwt-ḥtp}, who married Senebhenas, daughter of Vizier Ankhu.

### Papyrus Boulaq 18

She appears in the Papyrus Boulaq 18. This is an administrative account belonging to the Theban palace of a Thirteenth Dynasty king. It was found in the tomb of the scribe of the great enclosure Neferhotep. The name of the king in this papyrus is only partly preserved.
High officials mentioned in this text includes Vizier Ankhu and High Steward Aabeni.

### Speculations

Many scholars read the remains of the king's name in the Papyrus Boulaq 18 as Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep. However, the reading is disputed and other suggestions include King Sehetepkare Intef and King Imyremeshaw. Therefore, there is some doubt over the identification of Aya's husband.
# Aya (musician)

Aya Sinclair, known as just aya, is a musician and producer from Huddersfield, England.

## History

Sinclair began her career recording music under the moniker LOFT.
In 2016, Sinclair released an EP titled Turbulent Dynamics.
In 2018, Sinclair released a compilation of her bootlegs and edits from that year.
In 2019, she released another EP under the moniker Loft, titled and departt from mono games.
In 2021, Sinclair changed her recording name from Loft to Aya. She released her debut album, im hole as aya the same year. The album received "Best New Music" designation from Pitchfork.
In 2024, aya released a new EP titled Lip Flip.
# Ibadan Ring Road

The Ibadan Ring Road is a major urban road in the city of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, spanning approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles). It serves as a transportation link, facilitating both intra-urban and inter-city connectivity.

## History
### Early development

The origins of the Ibadan Ring Road can be traced back to the early 1960s, a period of profound urbanisation in post-independence Nigeria. Acknowledging the necessity for contemporary infrastructure to support Ibadan's burgeoning population and economy, the Nigerian government initiated the ambitious task of constructing a circular road system encircling the city's central business district.
Construction commenced in 1960, with the road developed in progressive phases, each tailored to accommodate the city's expanding requirements. In 1963, the Ibadan Ring Road was officially inaugurated.

### Phases of expansion

Throughout its history, the Ibadan Ring Road has undergone multiple expansion and renovation phases to address escalating traffic volumes and urban development.
In the late 1970s, the road underwent widening, transforming it into dual carriageways that substantially improved traffic flow.
Strategic installation of flyovers and interchanges enhanced safety and alleviated congestion. Prominent among these additions are the Cocoa House Interchange and Mokola Flyover.
Ongoing efforts focus on modernising the road, incorporating contemporary traffic management systems, enhanced lighting, and improved road surfaces.

## Route description

The Ibadan Ring Road encircles the city's central districts, serving as a crucial link between key neighbourhoods. Originating from the Iwo Road Interchange in the northwest, it terminates at the Ibadan-Ife Road in the southeast. This well-maintained road traverses densely populated areas, connecting pivotal neighbourhoods such as Mokola, Dugbe, and Bodija.
The road boasts multiple lanes, well-kept medians, and efficient street lighting, exemplifying Nigeria's urban infrastructure standards.