OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gordon Smith (philatelist)

Gordon Smith (15 January 1856 – 29 January 1905) was a British barrister and philatelist who was one of the Fathers of Philately named on the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1921.

## Early life

Smith was born at Greenwich, London, the son of John N Smith, a civil engineer, and his wife Emma B Smith. He was educated at King's College School, London, and obtained a degree in mathematics from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge in 1879. He was a tutor in maths at Truro College but left that to study for the bar, being called at Lincoln's Inn in 1882. He was in the chambers of James Aspinall K.C. and Mr. Butler Aspinall.

## Philately

Smith rekindled his boyhood interest in philately in 1885, from where it grew to be a consuming passion and a career that he pursued in preference to the law. He was a specialist in the stamps of South Australia and worked for Stanley Gibbons from 1893, becoming a director in 1898. He was active in organising the London Philatelic Exhibition 1897. His collection of South Australia, noted for being the best mint collection formed at the time, passed to Leslie L. R. Hausburg. He was a member of the London Philatelic Society, now the Royal Philatelic Society London, from 1892 and a member of their Council from 1897.
Stanley Gibbons Monthly Journal, in their obituary for Smith, summed up his particular aptitude for philatelic research, and no doubt its appeal to him also, thus: "His legal training had taught him that there are always two sides to a question, and, combined with his mathematical capability, enabled him to distinguish evidence from proof. He recognised the weakness of specialism as well as its strength".

## Other interests

Smith was a rower at Cambridge, and after graduating was well known as an oarsman on the River Thames for the Thames Rowing Club. He rowed at stroke in the Grand Challenge Cup, the oldest and best-known event at the annual Henley Royal Regatta at Henley-on-Thames. He was an active freemason and a Major in the Queen's Own Battalion of West Kent Volunteers.

## Death

Smith's death at a fairly early age came after a decline in his health over several years, eventually diagnosed as a stomach ulcer. He was operated on but complications set in and he died the following day.

## Publications

* South Australia. London: Stanley Gibbons, 1894. (With F.H. Napier)
# Endoclita viridis

Endoclita viridis is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1892. It is known from India.
# Willy Schwedler

Willy Schwedler (4 August 1894 – 26 March 1945) was a German international footballer.
# Biblioteca Augusta

The Biblioteca Augusta (est. 1582) is a public library in Perugia, Italy, founded by Prospero Podiani [it]. It opened in 1623, housed in the former Palazzo Meniconi on the Piazza Piccola. It currently operates from the Palazzo Conestabile della Staffa [it] in the Porta Sole [it] area of the city.
# The Beatnuts: Street Level

The Beatnuts is the self-titled full-length debut album by American hip hop trio the Beatnuts. It was released on June 21, 1994, via Violator/Relativity Records. The recording sessions took place at LGK Studios in Leonia, New Jersey, at Soundtrack Studios and Greene St. Recording in New York. The album was produced by the Beatnuts, except for one song produced by Lucien. It features guest appearances from Gab Gotcha of Triflicts, Grand Puba and Miss Jones. The album reached number 182 on the Billboard 200 and number 28 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums in the United States. Two singles were released: "Props Over Here", which peaked at number 39 on the US Hot Rap Singles, and "Hit Me with That". The music video for "Props Over Here" was directed by Abraham Lincoln Lim.
The album's title is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Street Level, because those words appear on the album cover; however, the words "Street Level" do not appear anywhere else on the CD (in the liner notes or on the CD spine label). The song "Psycho Dwarf" previously appeared on the 1993 Intoxicated Demons: The EP. It is the last Beatnuts album to include Fashion, who left the group to pursue a solo career under the alias Al' Tariq.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B |
| RapReviews | 8/10 |
| (The New) Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| The Source | |
The Washington Post noted that "the Beatnuts stance is hard but not impenetrable, though the laid-back geniality of the first single, 'Props Over Here', seems a little forced and radio-friendly."
In 2012, the album was listed at No. 23 on Complex magazine's "The 50 Greatest Debut Albums in Hip-Hop History". In 2014, the album was listed at No. 19 on Vibe's "The 50 Best Rap Albums of 1994" list.

## Personnel

* Lester "Psycho Les" Fernandez – vocals, producer
* Jerry "JuJu" Tineo – vocals, producer
* Berntony "Fashion" Smalls – vocals
* Victor "V.I.C." Padilla – producer
* Lenny Underwood – keyboards (track 3)
* Joel "Mista Sinista" Wright – additional scratches (track 5), scratches (track 6)
* Maxwell "Grand Puba" Dixon – vocals (track 5)
* Tarsha Nicole Jones – vocals (track 9)
* Gabriel "Gab Gotcha" Velasquez – vocals (track 14)
* Lucien M'Baïdem – producer (track 2)
* Troy Hightower – recording, mixing
* Kirk Yano – recording, mixing
* Rich Keller – recording
* Andy Blakelock – assistant recording & mixing engineer
* Chris Curran – assistant recording & mixing engineer
* Matt Tuffi – assistant recording & mixing engineer
* Danny Madorsky – assistant recording engineer
* Emerson Mykoo – assistant recording engineer
* Djinji Brown – assistant recording engineer
* Steve Souder – assistant mixing engineer
* Jack Hersca – assistant mixing engineer
* Chris Gehringer – mastering
* Chris Lighty – executive producer
* Peter Kang – executive producer
* David Bett – art direction
* Danny Clinch – photography

## Charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 182 |
| US Top R&B Albums (Billboard) | 28 |
# Zion Hill

Zion Hill may refer to:
* Thompson, Texas, also known as Zion Hill
* Zion Hill Mission, in Queensland, Australia
# Swiftcurrent Lake

Swiftcurrent Lake is located in the Many Glacier region of Glacier National Park, in the U.S. state of Montana. The Many Glacier Hotel, the largest hotel in the park, is along the east shore of the lake. Many hiking trails originate from the area and scenic tour boats provide access to the lake for visitors.
Swiftcurrent Lake lies at 4,878 feet (1,487 m) above sea level. Nearby lakes include the much larger Lake Sherburne to the east and Lake Josephine to the immediate southwest. The mountains immediately west of the lake rise 3,000 feet (910 m) above the lake. The fast disappearing Grinnell Glacier is one of several glaciers and snowfields that provide water for the streams that replenish the lake. Mount Gould, Grinnell Point and Mount Wilbur are the largest mountains immediately west of the lake. It consists of two basins, each between 15 feet (4.6 m) and 30 feet (9.1 m) in depth.
# Venmani Vishnu Nambudiripad

Venmani Vishnu Nambudiripad was an early 19th-century Malayalam poet belonging to the well known Venmani family. He was the uncle of famous Venmani Achhan Nambudiripad. He was also involved in religious and philosophical pursuits. Some of his works include Ganapath Praathal, Raghuvamsam and Samsariyute Paaraavasyam.
# Endoclita warawita

Endoclita warawita is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from Borneo.
# Processing medium

In industrial engineering, a processing medium is a gaseous, vaporous, fluid or shapeless solid material that plays an active role in manufacturing processes - comparable to that of a tool.

## Examples

A processing medium for washing is a soap solution, a processing medium for steel melting is a plasma, and a processing medium for steam drying is superheated steam.

## Synonyms

* Operating medium
* Working medium.
* This article about a mechanical engineering topic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Western Palaearctic

The Western Palaearctic or Western Palearctic is part of the Palaearctic realm, one of the eight biogeographic realms dividing the Earth's surface. Because of its size, the Palaearctic is often divided for convenience into two, with Europe, North Africa, northern and central parts of the Arabian Peninsula, and part of temperate Asia, roughly to the Ural Mountains forming the western zone, and the rest of temperate Asia becoming the Eastern Palaearctic. Its exact boundaries differ depending on the authority in question, but the Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic (BWP) definition is widely used, and is followed by the most popular Western Palearctic checklist, that of the Association of European Rarities Committees (AERC). The Western Palearctic realm includes mostly boreal and temperate climate ecoregions.
The Palaearctic region has been recognised as a natural zoogeographic region since Sclater proposed it in 1858. The oceans to the north and west, and the Sahara to the south are obvious natural boundaries with other realms, but the eastern boundary is more arbitrary, since it merges into another part of the same realm, and the mountain ranges used as markers are less effective biogeographic separators. The climate differences across the Western Palearctic region can cause behavioural differences within the same species across geographical distance, such as in the sociality of behaviour for bees of the species Lasioglossum malachurum.
# Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra

The Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra (XPO) Chinese: (厦门爱乐乐团) is based in Xiamen, Fujian Province, the People's Republic of China. It is one of the top orchestras in China, and the only non-state-owned and self-financing orchestra in the country. Founded in 1998, XPO plays the majority of its concerts at Music Island Philharmonic Hall, Xiamen. XPO's founder is Zheng Xiaoying, and the current artistic director is Fu Renchang.
Under the dynamic directorship of Zheng, the orchestra's reputation has increased rapidly. Zheng attempts to make "symphonic music more accessible to those not accustomed to it." The orchestra gives more than 80 concerts annually, including education programs and regular weekend concerts in Xiamen. XPO has performed throughout China, East Asia and Europe, with over 350 guest musicians. The XPO "stands shoulder to shoulder with the finest State symphony orchestras of China."
XPO was founded by Zheng in 1998. The orchestra started out with 30 members and had 80 by 2002. The XPO was created by an invitation to Zheng from the local Xiamen government.
XPO has made short tours to 41 cities across China. In 2002, the Orchestra performed in three cities in Japan and received high praise from world-class juries in the Fourth International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians held in Xiamen. In 2003, XPO performed in Hong Kong and participated in the Shanghai International Art Festival. In October 2006, it took part in the International Chorus Competition in Xiamen, and in the same Autumn, they performed in Taiwan. In April 2007, XPO made a European tour, holding very successful concerts dedicated to Chinese symphonic compositions in France, Germany, Austria and Italy. The orchestra has performed together with world famous musicians including Edward Auer and Midori Gotō.
Coming from all across China, the 80 orchestra members are devoting their efforts to the objective of developing Xiamen into the "Music Island of the Orient" and ensuring that it can live up to this name.
# Gudbrand

Gudbrand is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:
* Gudbrand Bøhn (1839–1906), Norwegian violinist, concertmaster, and music teacher
* Gudbrand Granum (1893–1984), Norwegian politician
* Gudbrand Gregersen de Saág (1824–1910), Norwegian-born Norwegian-Hungarian bridge engineer, architect and member of the Hungarian nobility
* Gudbrand Helenus Hartmann (1832–1900), Norwegian schoolteacher, rector and civil servant
* Gudbrand Østbye (1885–1972), Norwegian army officer and historian
* Gudbrand Skatteboe (1875–1965), Norwegian rifle shooter
* Gudbrand Bernhardsen Tandberg (1903–1949), Norwegian politician
# Dutton's river snail

Dutton's river snail also known as the helmet rocksnail, scientific name Lithasia duttoniana, is a species of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pleuroceridae. This species is endemic to the United States.
# Swiftcraft Swift 18

The Swift 18 is an 18-foot trailer sailer yacht which was designed by Colin Sylvester and was in production in the UK between 1982 and 1990. Some 200–300 boats were made, most of which remain in the UK. The Swift 18 has four full-length berths, a sink, a cooker and room for a porta loo. With sitting headroom it is a comfortable weekend cruiser for a small family.

## Specifications

| LOA Length | 18 ft 0 in (5.49 m) | |
| Length waterline | 16 ft 4 in (5 m) | |
| Beam Width | 7 ft 11 in (2.41 m) | |
| Draft Keel down | 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) | |
| Draft Keel up | 0 ft 9 in (0.22 m) | |
| Displacement | 1520 lb (690 kg) | |
| Ballast | 375 lb (170 kg) | |
| Rigging | Fractional sloop |
| Sails | Main | 94 ft$^2$ (8.7 m$^2$) |
| Sails | Working Jib | 60 ft$^2$ (5.6 m$^2$) |
| Sails | Genoa | 105 ft$^2$ (9.8 m$^2$) |
| Sails | Storm Jib | 25 ft$^2$ (2.3 m$^2$) |
| Sails | Total sail area | 199 ft$^2$ (18.5 m$^2$) |
| Spinnaker | 199 ft$^2$ (18.5 m$^2$) |
I = 21 ft 6 in (6.55 m)
J = 7 ft 8 in (2.34 m)
P = 23 ft 9 in (7.25 m)
E = 7 ft 1 in (2.12 m)

## History

The Swift 18 was unveiled at the 1981 Southampton Boat show. It was originally intended to be made from aluminium but went into production in GRP. The boat was designed to comply with the French micro cupper rules with a maximum sail area of 199 ft2.
However it is not an all out racing boat and is rather a comfortable trailer sailor, capable of coastal cruising for small families. The boat is virtually unsinkable with foam buoyancy built in. It was met with enthusiastic reviews from the press and went on to sell some 200-300 boats.
The original manufacturer, JCA, built about 220 boats from 1982 to 1985. The company changed name to Swiftcraft and relocated to Shamrock Quay in Southampton during this period.
In 1985 the business was sold and ended up in the hands of Honnor Marine at Totnes Devon. They built a modified boat, marketed as the 300 series. These featured a number of modifications from the original boats, reputedly for cost reduction reasons. Notably these changes include different toerails and non-tapered masts. Honnor Marine built about 35 to 40 boats.
Then around 1988 Marlin International bought the rights, moulds and materials from Honnor Marine. Some of the cost reductions that Honnor Marine had made were reversed and the new boats were marketed as the 400 series, with manufacturing returning to Southampton. Only about 10 of the 400 series boats were built before production ceased in around 1990.

## Future production

The moulds for the Swift 18 have recently been acquired by Boats4fun, a family run Boatbuilders in East Sussex, the moulds are currently being re-furbished ready for building the first boat for RCD certification.
The "new" Swift 18 will be similar in layout to those previously built by Swiftcraft and Honnor Marine but the boat will be built with cruising in mind rather than its original target audience of Micro Cup racers.
Where possible all materials and components will be sourced from UK manufacturers.
Boats4fun subsequently announced that due to a change in premises, offers were being invited for the Swift 18 moulds
# Gornja Bejašnica

Gornja Bejašnica is a village in the municipality of Prokuplje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 30 people.
# Emmy Köhler

Emmy Köhler, born 22 May 1858 in Stockholm, Sweden, died 2 February 1925 in Fresta, Sweden was a Swedish hymnwriter and writer. Among of her more famous works is the Christmas carol Nu tändas tusen juleljus and the music for the children's Christmas song Raska fötter springa tripp, tripp, tripp ("Liten julvisa"), the later with lyrics by Sigrid Sköldberg-Pettersson.
# Battle Island Light

Battle Island Light is a lighthouse on the Canadian shore of Lake Superior. It is located on the westerly point of Battle Island, 28.5 miles (45.9 km) east-northeast from Lamb Island Light.
It was built as a white light, visible for 18 miles (29 km) in clear weather. When built, it operated as a bright flash, four-second interval, bright flash, four-second interval, and then bright flash, 16-second interval, with a concurrent lower-strength light operating at 12-seconds constant/ 12 seconds eclipsed. Its fog horn (originally referred to as a "fog diaphone") blasted for 3½ seconds and was then silent for 26½ seconds. The lighthouse was rebuilt in 1915–16 in response to increased demand from local wood pulp carriers and commercial fishing boats.
# Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers

The term Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers is used to refer to a group of similar-looking birds in the genus Ficedula:
* Atlas pied flycatcher F. speculigera which breeds in Northwest Africa
* Collared flycatcher F. albicollis which breeds in Eastern Europe
* European pied flycatcher F. hypoleuca which breeds in Western Europe
* Semi-collared flycatcher F. semitorquata of Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia
European pied and collared flycatchers hybridise to a limited extent where their ranges meet; the hybrids have reduced fitness and usually do not survive their first winter (Parkin 2003). Female hybrids are usually sterile (Gelter et al. 1992; see also Haldane's Rule).
All species leave their breeding grounds to winter in Sub-Saharan Africa.
# Bibbs

Bibbs is a surname of English origin, a variant of Bibb, which is derived from a pet form of the given name Isabel. Notable people with the surname include:
* E. J. Bibbs (born 1991), American football player
* Junius Bibbs (1910–1980), American baseball player
* Justin Bibbs (born 1996), American basketball player
* Kapri Bibbs (born 1993), American football player
* Nick Bibbs (born 1991), American soccer player
# Gudbrand Bøhn

Gudbrand Bøhn (November 10, 1839 – January 18, 1906) was a Norwegian violinist, concertmaster, and music teacher.
Bøhn was born in Nes in Akershus county, Norway. He was the son of the violinist Ole Gulbrandsen Bøhn (1803–1882).
He was a central figure in the capital city's artistic community, where he started holding regular chamber music evenings, and he was the concertmaster at the Christiania Theater until 1899, when it closed. Bøhn premiered Edvard Grieg's Violin Sonata No. 1 in F major, Op. 8 in 1867 with the composer at the piano. His students included Christian Sinding, Sigurd Lie, Michael Flagstad, Harald Heide, William Farre, and Johan Halvorsen.
Bøhn died in Kristiania (now Oslo).
# Dutton, Illinois

Dutton is a ghost town in New Salem Township, Pike County, in the U.S. state of Illinois.
The town derived its name from David Dutton, a county official.
# Pizzo Malora

Pizzo Malora is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located in the Swiss canton of Ticino. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Pizzo Castello.
# Plottage

Plottage is the increase in value realized by combining adjacent parcels of land into one larger parcel. The process of combining the parcels is known as assemblage. Generally, the value of the whole parcel will be greater than the sum of the individual smaller parcels.

## Sources

* ↑ Mastering Real Estate Principles. Cortesi. 2004.

## External sources

Estimating assemblage value to help buyers and sellers
* This real estate article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Training Boat for Cadets

The Training Boats for Cadets (LICA) are a class of training boats developed by the Río Santiago Shipyard (ARS) to equip the Argentine Navy. With these additions, the ESNM will once again be in tune with the training institutes of the foreign Armed Forces of reference.

## Design and development

This class of ships began to be designed in 2014, as part of an agreement signed between the Argentine Navy and the Río Santiago Shipyard. Its design has been based on the Yard Class training boats of the United States Navy, although the hull lines, propulsion, structure, internal spaces, and engineering in general, are of national development. The LICA will have practical and theoretical instruction capacity for cadets, in coastal navigation up to 12 nautical miles from the coast. It has equipment and systems in accordance with the regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). In its construction, nationally manufactured materials will be prioritized. Each unit will have a classroom with capacity for 20 people that can be adapted to nursing if the situation requires it. It will also have HF, VHF and UHF communications and food storage for voyages lasting a minimum of 10 days. Its design characteristics will also allow the practice of the typical seafaring tasks of a warship. Due to its navigation capacity throughout the sea and river coast, its specific purpose of instruction can be complemented with humanitarian aid tasks in case of natural disasters.
The Navy has ordered two units for the Military Naval School with the first expected to enter service in late 2018 or early 2019. In November 2017, the assembly of the first boat was completed, which was launched in October 2021.
# Hybrid models of forest production

Hybrid models of forest production, sometimes abbreviated to hybrid models, combine growth and yield modelling with physiological modelling.
# Emmy Kaiser

Emmy Kaiser (born May 16, 1990) is an American wheelchair tennis player.

## Biography

Kaiser was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. A graduate of St. Henry High School, she is a 2011 Parapan American Games gold medalist for doubles wheelchair tennis and silver medalist for singles. She resides at Fort Mitchell, Kentucky and is living with spina bifida. She has a bachelor's degree in psychology and attended Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana for a degree in exercise and sport psychology in which she got enrolled right after the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Her passion for such career persuasion started at the age of 14 when she met sports psychologist during a training session at the U.S. Paralympic Junior National team. Her tennis passion was inspired after she saw a tennis player named Esther Vergeer. In 2012, she was defeated by Lucy Shuker of Great Britain with 6–0, 6–2 loss in London Paralympic Games. In 2014, she lost to Jordanne Whiley with the score being 6–2 twice.
In 2016 Kaiser was named Player of the Year by the International Tennis Federation and in 2017 she was inducted into the Northern Kentucky Sports Hall of Fame.
# Chartwell Mansion

The Chartwell Mansion is a Chateauesque mansion in Bel-Air, California. Built in 1933, it is best known for its role as the Clampett family home in the 1960s television sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies. It was the most expensive home for sale in the United States in 2018.

## History

The house was designed by Sumner Spaulding in 1933 in the style of a French chateau. It was built for engineer and contractor Lynn Atkinson, who commissioned the property for his wife. She found it "pretentious", so the couple never lived there. The house, located on 10 acres (4 hectares), with gardens designed by Henri Samuel, later was owned by Arnold Kirkeby and then Jerry Perenchio.
In 2019 the mansion was sold to Lachlan Murdoch for about $150 million, which was the highest sale price for any house in California history.
# Bibby (disambiguation)

Bibby is a surname.
Bibby may also refer to:
* Bibby Island, Nunavut, Canada
* Bibby Point, James Ross Island, Antarctica
* Bibby Line, a British shipping company
** Bibby Financial Services, a multinational corporation and subsidiary of the Bibby Line Group
# The Beautiful Wife

The Beautiful Wife or Love's Sacrifice (Italian:La moglie bella) is a 1924 Italian silent film directed by Augusto Genina and starring Carmen Boni.

## Cast

* Linda Moglia
* Ruggero Ruggeri
* Luigi Serventi
* Carmen Boni
* Carlo Tedeschi