OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conall Mag Eochagáin

Conall Mag Eochagáin (also known as Conall Mac Eochagáin, and in Anglicised forms as Conall MacGeoghegan, also known as Conall Mac Geoghegan) fl. 1620–1640, head of his lineage, was a historian and translator from Lismoyny, Co. Westmeath. In 1627, he translated Annals of Clonmacnoise into English, and thus gaining him the title Conall the Historian.

## Biography
### Family

Mag Eochagáinn was a direct Geoghegan descendant of Niall of the Nine Hostages – specifically from the branch of Fiachu mac Néill.
His paternal grandmother, Gyles "Shiela" O'Dempsey was sister to Terence O'Dempsey, 1st Viscount Clanmalier.
It is speculated that he was born in 1592, in Lismoyny (County Westmeath), near Clara, County Offaly, to Anne Fitzgerald (or Fitz Thomas; d. 1580), and Neal/Niall Mag Eochagáin, brother of Roche MacGeoghegan.
His wife is thought to have been Margaret Coughlin – his only known sons being Conla, husband of Marian Molloy (daughter of Art M’Cahir Molloy, of Ralehyn), and Anthony, Bishop of Meath. If this were the case, that would make him a common ancestor of many Geoghegans and Gahagans.
He died in 1644.

### The Annals of Clonmacnoise

The Annals of Clonmacnoise is also known as "Mageoghagan’s Book" in honor of MacGeoghegan's translating this history into Elizabethan English and preserving its memory.
Mag Eochagáin dedicated this translation to his brother-in-law, Toirdhealbhach Mac Cochláin (Terrence Coughlin), whose family was among the last to uphold and practice native Gaelic Irish customs.
The translation was completed on April 20, 1627, in the Castle of Lemanaghan in County Offaly. The original manuscript of MacGeoghegan's translation is lost, but there are several copies of it in both the Library of Trinity College and in the British Museum.
The original work was in Irish Gaelic. Mag Eochagáin more than once refers "to the ould Irish book out of which he wrote, to the old Irish book which he translates, out of which many leaves were lost or stolen.." MacGeoghegan seems to have preserved the value of the original Gaelic phraseology and rendered it every justice as far as we can determine in the absence of the original manuscript.
# Ponor

A ponor is a natural opening where surface water enters into underground passages; they may be found in karst landscapes where the geology and the geomorphology is typically dominated by porous limestone rock. Ponors can drain stream or lake water continuously or can at times work as springs, similar to estavelles. Morphologically, ponors come in forms of large pits and caves, large fissures and caverns, networks of smaller cracks, and sedimentary, alluvial drains.

## Etymology

The name for the karst formation ponor comes from Croatian and Slovene. It derives from the proto-Slavic word *nora, meaning pit, hole.
Several places in southeast Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Montenegro, Slovenia) bear the name Ponor due to associated karst openings.

## Description

Whereas a sinkhole (doline) is a depression of surface topography with a pit or cavity directly underneath, a ponor is kind of a portal where a surface stream or lake flows either partially or completely underground into a karst groundwater system. Steady water erosion may have formed or enlarged the portal in (mainly limestone) rock, in a conglomerate, or in looser materials. Karst terrains are known for surface water losses through small ponors and its resurgence after having traveled through vast underground systems.

## Prevalence

Ponors are found worldwide, but only in karst regions. The entire Adriatic watershed within Bosnia and Herzegovina sits on Dinaric karst, with numerous explored and probably many more unexplored ponors and underground flows. There are significant geological ponors in the Carpathian Mountains, the Dinaric Alps, Greece, Turkey, and parts of the southern United States.
* Polje of Feneos, Greece, lake until late 19. Century. Rain showers flood large parts even today
* Closeup of ponor in Câmpeneasca cave near Izbuc village, Romania
* A ponor where the Reka River disappears into Škocjan Caves, Slovenia
* The Risle River disappears into a ponor between Ajou and La Houssaye (Eure, France)
* A man-made ponor in Logatec, Slovenia
* In Polje "Argon Pedion" (untilled plain). Plain and ponor documented since 2nd century AD by Pausanias

## Dams and reservoirs in karst

Reservoirs in karst are prone to losses due to leakage through ponors. The construction of dams to capture water in karst terrains may pose a great financial risk despite initial investigations and thorough sealing treatments. It wasn't until the twentieth century that the first dams in karst were built, some of which famously failed.
# Project Magnet

Project Magnet may refer to:
* Project Magnet (UFO), a Canadian unidentified flying object (UFO) study
* Project Magnet (USN), a U.S. Navy geomagnetic survey project using aircraft and ships 1951–1994
# Ecdinii

The Ecdinii or Ecdini were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the valley of the Tinée (Alpes-Maritimes) during the Iron Age.

## Name

They are mentioned as Ecdini by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as Ecdiniorum on the Arc of Susa.
The meaning of the ethnonym remains obscure. If Celtic, Ecdinii is possibly formed with the prefix ec(s)- ('out of, without') attached to -dīn(i)- ('shelter, protection'). Xavier Delamarre has thus proposed to translate *Ec(s)-dīni-oi as the 'Homeless'. If this interpretation is correct, the name was probably an exonym given by a neighbouring tribe. Guy Barruol suggested that the name Tinius might be related.

## Geography

The Ecdinii lived in the valley of the Tinée, a tributary of the Var river. Their territory was located west of the Vesubiani and Tyrii, east of the Nemeturii, north of the Nerusii and Vediantii, and south of the Savincates and Caturiges. According to A. L. F. Rivet, "there appear to have been no significant settlements in the lands of the Ecdinii and the Vesubiani, so that they must have been controlled by Cemenelum when they had been detached from the Cottian kingdom."
Along with the Vesubiani and Veaminii, they were part of the Capillati.

## History

They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium. They also appear on the Arch of Susa, erected by Cottius in 9–8 BC.
# Elongated pentagonal bipyramid

In geometry, the elongated pentagonal bipyramid is a polyhedron constructed by attaching two pentagonal pyramids onto the base of a pentagonal prism. It is an example of Johnson solid.

## Construction

The elongated pentagonal bipyramid is constructed from a pentagonal prism by attaching two pentagonal pyramids onto its bases, a process called elongation. These pyramids cover the pentagonal faces so that the resulting polyhedron ten equilateral triangles and five squares. A convex polyhedron in which all of the faces are regular polygons is the Johnson solid. The elongated pentagonal bipyramid is among them, enumerated as the sixteenth Johnson solid $J_{16}$.

## Properties

The surface area of an elongated pentagonal bipyramid $A$ is the sum of all polygonal faces' area: ten equilateral triangles, and five squares. Its volume $V$ can be ascertained by dissecting it into two pentagonal pyramids and one regular pentagonal prism and then adding its volume. Given an elongated pentagonal bipyramid with edge length $a$, they can be formulated as: ${\begin{aligned}A&={\frac {5}{2}}\left(2+{\sqrt {3}}\right)a^{2}\approx 9.330a^{2},\\V&={\frac {1}{12}}\left(5+{\sqrt {5}}+3{\sqrt {5\left(5+2{\sqrt {5}}\right)}}\right)a^{3}\approx 2.324a^{3}.\end{aligned}}$
It has the same three-dimensional symmetry group as the pentagonal prism, the dihedral group $D_{5\mathrm {h} }$ of order 20. Its dihedral angle can be calculated by adding the angle of the pentagonal pyramid and pentagonal prism:
* the dihedral angle of an elongated pentagonal bipyramid between two adjacent triangular faces is that of a pentagonal pyramid between those, 138.19°.
* the dihedral angle of an elongated pentagonal bipyramid between two adjacent square faces is that of a regular pentagonal prism, the internal angle of a regular pentagon, 108°.
* the dihedral angle of an elongated pentagonal bipyramid between square-to-triangle is the sum of the dihedral angle of a pentagonal pyramid between triangle-to-pentagon with that of a pentagonal prism between square-to-pentagon, 37.38° + 90° = 127.38°.
The dual of the elongated square bipyramid is a pentagonal bifrustum.
# Zlatia

Zlatia or Zlatiya may refer to:
* Zlatia (region), a plateau in Montana and Vratsa Provinces, Bulgaria
* Zlatia, Dobrich Province, a village in Dobrichka Municipality, Bulgaria
* Zlatia, Montana Province, a village in Valchedram Municipality, Bulgaria
* Zlatiya Glacier, Antarctica
# Putney, West Virginia

Putney is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office is closed.
The community was named after Mose Putney, a local merchant.
# Wisłok Górny

49°31′N 22°05′E﻿ / ﻿49.517°N 22.083°E﻿ / 49.517; 22.083
Wisłok Górny is a village in the Sanok County in the East Małopolska in the Lesser Beskid mountains. It is now part of Wisłok Wielki. It is part of the parish of Nowotaniec.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1361. The wooden church replaced an older church from at least 1785. The church was destroyed in 1946. The village was burned down January 24, 1946 by the UPA. In 1785 the village lands comprised 6.14 km². There were 711 Catholics.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 482 metres and covers an area of 6.3 km². It has a population of about 250 people.
* This Sanok County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Schultesiophytum

Schultesiophytum is a genus of plants first described as a genus in 1958. It contains only one known species, Schultesiophytum chorianthum, native to Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador.
# Seiji Takaku

Seiji Takaku is professor of psychology and institutional research and assessment coordinator at Soka University of America (SUA). He was previously assistant professor of psychology at Minnesota State University, Mankato, from 2000 to 2002. He received his B.A. from University of California, Los Angeles, his M.A. from California State University, Long Beach, and his Ph.D. from Claremont Graduate University.

## Research

Takaku's research interests include apology and forgiveness, cross-cultural studies on interpersonal & intergroup conflict resolutions, and motivation theories in psychology and Weiner's theory of attribution in particular.
His significant publications (>10 citations on google scholar) include:
* "The effects of apology and perspective taking on interpersonal forgiveness: Introducing a dissonance-attribution model of interpersonal forgiveness," Journal of Social Psychology, 2001
* "A cross-cultural examination of people’s perceptions of apology, responsibility, and justice: From the U.S.S. Greenville accident to the E-P3 airplane accident," Tohoku Psychologica Folia., in press
* "Culture and status influences on account-giving: Comparison between the U.S.A. and Japan," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2000
* "Reducing road rage: A test of the dissonance-attribution model of interpersonal forgiveness," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2006
# Durapara

Durapara is a village in Kamrup rural district, in the state of Assam, India, situated in south bank of river Brahmaputra.

## Transport

The village is located north of National Highway 27 and connected to nearby towns and cities like Boko, Chaygaon and Guwahati with regular buses and other modes of transportation.
# Silicon tetrachloride (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on silicon tetrachloride.

## Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source, it this case, noting that one should "avoid all contact! In all cases consult a doctor! ... inhalation causes sore throat and Burning sensation".

## Structure and properties

Structure and properties :
| Index of refraction, n$_D$ | 1.41156 at 25 °C |
| Abbe number | ? |
| Dielectric constant, ε$_r$ | 2.248 ε$_0$ at 0 °C |
| Bond strength | 381 kJ/mol (Si-Cl) |
| Bond length | ? |
| Bond angle | 109° (Cl-Si-Cl) |
| Dipole#Molecular dipoles | 0 D |
| Magnetic susceptibility | −87.5 |
| Viscosity | 99.4 mPa.s at 25 °C 96.2 mPa.s at 50 °C |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.099 W/(m K) at 25 °C 0.096 W/(m K) at 50 °C |

## Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior :
| Triple point | ? K (? °C), ? Pa |
| Critical point | 508.1 K (235.0 °C), 3.593 MPa, 0.326vdm$^3$/mol |
| Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$H$^o$ | 7.60 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$S$^o$ | ? J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$H$^o$ | 28.7 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$S$^o$ | ? J/(mol·K) |
| Solid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Liquid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{liquid}$ | −687.0 kJ/mol |
| Std Gibbs free energy of formation, Δ$_f$G$^o$$_{liquid}$ | −619.8 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{liquid}$ | 239.7 J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 145. J/(mol K) |
| Gas properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{gas}$ | −657. kJ/mol |
| Std Gibbs free energy of formation, Δ$_f$G$^o$$_{gas}$ | −617.0 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{gas}$ | 330.7 J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 90. J/(mol K) |

## Spectral data

UV-Vis :
| λ$_{max}$ | ? nm |
| Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
| IR ||
| Major absorption bands | 610, 642 cm$^{−1}$ |
| NMR ||
| Proton NMR | |
| Carbon-13 NMR | |
| Other NMR data | |
| MS ||
| Masses of main fragments | 133, 135, 170 |
* view
* Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
* Reliability of data general note.
# Project Magic

Project Magic is a program, designed by David Copperfield, where teams of magicians and occupational therapists work together to teach sleight of hand to people with disabilities to aid in their rehabilitation and help the patients build self-esteem. The tricks taught in Project Magic were designed to help improve dexterity, coordination, visual perception, spatial relationships, and cognitive skills, with specific magic tricks developed for varying disabilities.

## Origin

When David Copperfield received a press clipping in a letter from a magician he had been corresponding with, he was surprised to learn from the photograph that the young man was in a wheelchair. "His self-image did not have a disability," said Copperfield. This led Copperfield to wonder if magic could help to recover patients and gain self-confidence.
In February 1982, Copperfield brought his idea to the Daniel Freeman Memorial Hospital in Inglewood, California, which was recognized by the National Association of Rehabilitation Facilities as the "outstanding rehabilitation center of 1981". Copperfield began collaborating with Julie DeJean, the hospital's director of occupational therapy, to develop tricks that could be applied to treat various disabilities. The participants also gained self-confidence by being able to do things that others could not.

## Structure

Teams of magicians and occupational therapists work together to teach sleight of hand to people with disabilities to aid in their rehabilitation. The occupational therapists using Project Magic work in teams with local volunteer magicians. The magician first teaches the illusions to the therapists, then together, they instruct the patients on how to perform the illusions. The therapist then helps the patients to master the techniques involved during the following week. After a week, the magicians return and give on how to polish up the trick by using other techniques such as misdirection and the proper stage presence.
The tricks taught in Project Magic were designed to help improve dexterity, coordination, visual perception, spatial relationships, and cognitive skills. There are specific magic tricks developed for varying disabilities. It also helps build self-esteem.
# ETS-VIII

JAXA Engineering Test Satellite ETS-VIII (Kiku 8) was the eighth technology test satellite in a series which started with ETS-1 in 1975 by NASDA. It was launched with the H-2A on December 18, 2006. ETS-VIII was developed by JAXA in cooperation with NICT and NTT. The aim of ETS-VIII was to enable satellite communications with small terminals. Unlike the Iridium satellites for mobile communication, ETS-VIII was positioned at GEO. However to fulfill the task, it was essential that the satellite carried two very large antennas. It was the first use of the 204 configuration (four strap-on boosters) of the H-IIA launch vehicle.

## Timetable

* December 20, 2000: Launch of LDREX, a demonstration of the large antenna reflector deployment, aboard Ariane 5. Deployment failed.
* October 14, 2006: Launch of LDREX-2 with the Ariane 5, model antenna deployed successfully.
* December 18, 2006: ETS-VIII was launched aboard H-IIA.
* December 26, 2006: Both antennas were deployed. Archived 2007-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
* January 9, 2007: GEO orbit injection. Archived 2007-02-19 at the Wayback Machine
* May 9, 2007: The satellite switched to normal operation phase.
* January 10, 2017: Decommissioned.
# Elizabeth Nugent

Elizabeth Nugent (died 1645) was an Irish noblewoman from an Old English family, and a major patron of the Jesuit order in Ireland. Her marriage to Gerald FitzGerald gave her the title of Lady Kildare, and after his death she became known as the Dowager Countess of Kildare.

## Biography

Elizabeth Nugent was the daughter of Christopher Nugent, an Irish nobleman of Old English descent. Around 1600, Nugent married her first cousin, Gerald FitzGerald. The couple had one child, a son named Gerald, who died at the age of nine. FitzGerald himself died soon after, in 1612, leaving Nugent as the Dowager Countess.
After Fitzgerald's death, the question of Nugent's jointure came before James I. In 1616, he proposed that she should receive a third of the FitzGerald estate; in 1620 this was granted, subject to claims from Lettice Digby and her husband. Nugent therefore received five FitzGerald estates for the remainder of her life.
In 1629, Nugent attempted to arrange a marriage between George FitzGerald and a daughter of Randal MacDonnell. The match fell through after interference from Charles I, who was concerned about the prospect of FitzGerald marrying into a Catholic family.
Nugent died on 26 October 1645.

## Jesuit patronage

Nugent was a close friend of her cousin, Robert Nugent, the mission superior of the Jesuits in Ireland, and provided financial support for many of his endeavors. In 1627, she financed the building of a Jesuit novitiate on land she leased from Christ Church Cathedral. The novitiate was forced to shut down soon after, due to political strife, but in 1637 Nugent again offered funding to re-establish it. In gratitude, Mutio Vitelleschi, the superior general of the Jesuits, ordered all Jesuits to offer three Masses and three rosaries for Nugent's soul.
In 1634, Nugent invited Robert Nugent and his Jesuit companions to take up residence in one of her estates, Kilkea Castle. This became a headquarters of Jesuit operations in Ireland. Nugent also left a sizable bequest to the Jesuits upon her death.
Due to her extensive patronage of the Jesuit mission in Ireland, Nugent is often considered as a secondary founder of the mission. Robert Nugent described her as the mother of the Society of Jesus in Ireland.
# Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman

The Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman (CAO) is a recourse mechanism for projects supported by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) of the World Bank Group. It was established in 1999 and is based in Washington, D.C. Its formation was a concession to the anti-globalization movement to ensure accountability for World Bank-financed projects. The Mission of the CAO is to address complains of people affected by IFC and MIGA projects, and to improve the accountability of both institutions
In 2014, the CAO reported that IFC funding was tied to the murder of Indigenous peoples in Honduras. Later in 2014, Osvaldo Gratacós became ombudsman. In September 2020, the CAO intensified its sexual assault investigation of the IFC-funded Bridge International Academies's schools in Kenya. In October 2020, Gratacós was replaced by Janine Ferretti.
# Q&A (Hyuna song)

"Q&A" is a song recorded by South Korean singer-songwriter Hyuna, released on May 2, 2024 under At Area, simultaneously with the accompanied music video and her ninth EP Attitude. The song also mark Hyuna's first release under the new label At Area, following her departure from her previous company, P Nation, in August 2022.

## Composition

The song was written by Hyuna, Bang Hye-hyun, Na Jung-ah (153/Joombas), Kwaca and GroovyRoom. The song is composed in the key A-flat minor and has 130 beats per minute and a running time of 2 minutes and 46 seconds.

## Music video

On May 1, the official teaser for the music video of "Q&A" was released. On May 2, the official music video was released, Which she held an online comeback show to commemorate the release of her EP through her official YouTube channel.

## Promotion

On May 2, Hyuna held her first and only comeback stage for the song on Mnet's M Countdown, this is considered to be the only live performance of the song's music show promotion. On May 5, Hyuna perform the song on Daegu Hiphop Festival, which she also perform her hit song such as Bubble Pop! (2011), Red (2014), and I'm Not Cool (2021).

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Melon.
* Hyuna – vocals, songwriting, composing, chorus
* GroovyRoom – songwriting, composing, producer
* Bang Hye-hyun – songwriting
* Na Jung-ah (153/Joombas) – songwriting
* Kwaca – songwriting
* LDN Noise (Greg Bonnick & Hayden Chapman) – composing, arrangement
* Peter Renshaw – composing, arrangement
* Shorelle – composing
* Young Chance – composing
* Noisy Choice – arrangement

## Charts

Chart performance for "Q&A" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| South Korea Download (Circle) | 52 |

## Release history

Release history for "Q&A" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Various | May 2, 2024 | Digital downloadstreaming | At Area |
# Saint-Amand, Pas-de-Calais

Saint-Amand (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

Saint-Amand lies about 27 miles (43 km) northwest of Arras, at the junction of the D15 and D16 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of St. Amand, dating from the sixteenth century.
* The fifteenth century cemetery chapel.
* The Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery.
# Pseudocoremia foxi

Pseudocoremia foxi is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
# Hazard quotient

A hazard quotient is the ratio of the potential exposure to a substance and the level at which no adverse effects are expected. If the Hazard Quotient is calculated to be less than 1, then no adverse health effects are expected as a result of exposure. If the Hazard Quotient is greater than 1, then adverse health effects are possible. The Hazard Quotient cannot be translated to a probability that adverse health effects will occur, and is unlikely to be proportional to risk. It is especially important to note that a Hazard Quotient exceeding 1 does not necessarily mean that adverse effects will occur.