OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Literary Biography

The Dictionary of Literary Biography is a specialist biographical dictionary dedicated to literature. Published by Gale, the 375-volume set covers a wide variety of literary topics, periods, and genres, with a focus on American and British literature.

## Purpose and scope

The series editors write that "Our purpose is to make literature and its creators better understood and more accessible to students and the reading public, while satisfying the needs of teachers and researchers." They define literature as "the intellectual commerce of a nation; not merely belles lettres but as that ample and complex process by which ideas are generated, shaped, and transmitted." (emphasis in original) The series thus includes biographies of historians, journalists, publishers, book collectors, and screenwriters. Each volume is overseen by an expert in the field, and each volume contains approximately 30 entries around 4,000 to 6,000 words long. The biographies contain basic information, such as birth and death dates, a bibliography of the author's works, and a "further reading" list of sources on the author and his or her works. Each volume is illustrated by relevant drawings, paintings, or photographs of the authors as well as title pages of their works.
As of 2006, the series had 375 volumes, which included 23 yearbooks and 45 documentary volumes. Altogether, the series included 13,500 author biographies. The DLB exists in both print and electronic versions. As of 2006, approximately 85 percent of the series was online.

## History

The project was proposed by Frederick G. Ruffner, president of Gale, to the company Bruccoli Clark, in November 1975. After a few sample entries were written, an advisory board was appointed to design the format of the entire series. The first volume was published in 1978. DLB Yearbooks were published between 1981 and 2002 to keep the series up-to-date. These have now been discontinued. The series is currently published and distributed by Thomson Gale, but produced in Columbia, South Carolina by Bruccoli Clark Layman, a company composed of the well-known scholars Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman and the now deceased businessman, C. E. Frazer Clark, Jr.

## Reception

Michael Rogers wrote that "it is hands-down the best overall literary reference work ever published" but that many reference librarians had probably never heard of it. Choice has named the DLB an Outstanding Academic Book four times and American Library Association's Reference and User Services Association has twice named it as an Outstanding Reference Source. The American Library Association Guide to Reference called it "An indispensable reference tool for literary research in far-reaching genres and crossing political borders, the articles in this series are often the first critical and biographical treatment of a literary figure".
# Prasophyllum striatum

Prasophyllum striatum, commonly known as the streaked leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single thin, tube-shaped leaf and up to ten greenish and whitish flowers with reddish or purplish stripes. It differs from other leek orchids in having a very thin leaf and prominently streaked flowers.

## Description

Prasophyllum striatum is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single tube-shaped leaf 70–200 mm (3–8 in) long and about 0.5–1 mm (0.02–0.04 in) in diameter. The free part of the leaf is 25–70 mm (1–3 in) long. Up to ten flowers are arranged on a flowering spike 10–50 mm (0.4–2 in) high. The flowers are 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide on a short, thin ovary, and as with other leek orchids, are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is triangular, greenish with reddish or purplish stripes and is 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and about 4 mm (0.2 in) wide. The lateral sepals are a similar size and colour to the dorsal sepal, fused to each other and curve backwards. The petals are whitish with reddish or purplish stripes and are about 8 mm (0.3 in) long and 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. The labellum is white, about 7 mm (0.3 in) long and 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. It curves gently upwards and has wavy edges. There is a raised, creamy-white callus with two parallel ridges in the centre of the labellum and extending almost to its tip. Flowering occurs from March to June.

## Taxonomy and naming

Prasophyllum striatum was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. The specific epithet (striatum) is a Latin word meaning "furrowed", "channelled" or "striped".
In 2004 David Jones and Mark Clements proposed changing the name to Mecopodum striatum but the name has not been accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.

## Distribution and habitat

The striated leek orchid grows in shallow soil on sandstone and near swamps mainly near the coast from Bulahdelah to Nowra but also in the Blue Mountains.
# Woodboring beetle

The term woodboring beetle encompasses many species and families of beetles whose larval or adult forms eat and destroy wood (i.e., are xylophagous). In the woodworking industry, larval stages of some are sometimes referred to as woodworms. The three most species-rich families of woodboring beetles are longhorn beetles, bark beetles and weevils, and metallic flat-headed borers. Woodboring is thought to be the ancestral ecology of beetles, and bores made by beetles in fossil wood extend back to the earliest fossil record of beetles in the Early Permian (Asselian), around 295-300 million years ago.

## Ecology

Woodboring beetles most often attack dying or dead trees. In forest settings, they are important in the turnover of trees by culling weak trees, thus allowing new growth to occur. They are also important as primary decomposers of trees within forest systems, allowing for the recycling of nutrients locked away in the relatively decay-resilient woody material of trees. To develop and reach maturity woodboring beetles need nutrients provided by fungi from outside of the inhabited wood. These nutrients are not only assimilated into the beetles' bodies but also are concentrated in their frass, contributing to soil nutrients cycles. Though the vast majority of woodboring beetles are ecologically important and economically benign, some species can become economic pests by attacking relatively healthy trees (e.g. Asian longhorn beetle, emerald ash borer) or by infesting downed trees in lumber yards. Species such as the Asian longhorn beetle and the emerald ash borer are examples of invasive species that threaten natural forest ecosystems.

## Invasion and control

Woodboring beetles are commonly detected a few years after new construction. The lumber supply may have contained wood infected with beetle eggs or larvae, and since beetle life cycles can be one or more years, several years may pass before the presence of beetles becomes noticeable. In many cases, the beetles will be of a type that only attacks living wood, and thus incapable of "infesting" any other pieces of wood, or doing any further damage.
Genuine infestations are far more likely in areas with high humidity, such as poorly ventilated crawl spaces. Housing with central heating/air-conditioning tends to cut the humidity of wood in the living areas to less than half of natural humidity, thus strongly reducing the likelihood of an infestation. Some species will infest furniture.
Some beetles invade wood used in construction and furniture making; others limit their activity to forests or roots of living trees. The following lists some of those beetles that are house pests.
* Ambrosia beetle
* Common furniture beetle
* Deathwatch beetle
* Flat-headed wood-borer
* Powderpost beetle (Ptinidae, Bostrichidae)
* Old-house borer
# Pedro de Palencia

    To be distinguished from Pedro de Agén, bishop of Palencia (d.1139)
Pedro de Palencia (fl. 1584-1620s) was a Dominican friar and professor of Hebrew in the Convent of Saint Stephen in Salamanca. He is mainly notable for his treatise on rabbinical glosses. Pedro argued from the example of Jerome that knowledge of the Hebrew, over the Greek-language Septuagint translation, was needed to defend the Latin text, particularly in disputations against Jews and heretics.
# TrueDelta

TrueDelta.com is a car information site that claims over 106100 registered members as of June 2019 and more than 130,000 registered cars. The site focuses on the reporting of automobile reliability and gas mileage, and also contains vehicle pricing and comparison information. The site utilizes its membership base to gather data and report on each registered/owned vehicle monthly with data published quarterly.

## Reliability Data

The site collects and utilizes 'real-world' repair rates from regular survey data supplied by its user base. The site is one of a few services to utilize statistical analysis to report this data. The site then updates the results quarterly. With this frequency, information on new models will be at most 3 months old, making it possible for these models to be closely tracked as they age

## Fuel Economy

TrueDelta.com tracks and reports car model fuel efficiency. Truedelta.com collects additional information relating to gas mileage such as how, where, and when a car is driven. It also collects relevant geographical data such as how hilly the terrain is, and what the driving conditions are (i.e. stop-and-go city, suburb, highway), also collecting information such as air conditioner use.

## History and Method

TrueDelta.com was developed in 2004 by Dr. Michael Karesh, a contributor to the automotive site The Truth About Cars. For his PhD Thesis, Karesh studied within General Motors for a year and half, researching how well they understood consumers when developing new products. For his Masters thesis, Karesh did work with early research in consumer behavior. Additionally Karesh has written and published much on cars. He has been a contributor to the car review site The Truth About Cars, and was one of the category leads for the Epinions.com auto section before Epinions shut down volunteer contributed reviews.
TrueDelta's data collection methodology differs form other publications such as Consumer Reports. Consumer Reports compiles data from reader surveys once annually while Truedelta.com sends users quarterly survey emails. TrueDelta also differs in that it asks if a vehicle needed unscheduled service, how many days the vehicle was in the shop, and whether the problem was corrected.

## Limitations

Given its relatively small sample size, Truedelta.com has been accused of having a more limited selection of model data compared to Consumer Reports. Truedelta also allows for a smaller reportable base per model (25), compared to Consumer Reports (100).
# ProMax

ProMax is a chemical process simulator for process troubleshooting and design, developed and sold by Bryan Research and Engineering, Inc. Initially released in late 2005, ProMax is a continuance of two previous process simulators, PROSIM and TSWEET. ProMax is considered the industry standard for designing amine gas treating and glycol dehydration units.

## Program History

In 1974 Bryan Research and Engineering (BR&E) began developing simulation software for sulfur recovery units with a command-line interface. In 1976 this program was released under the name SULFUR. Amine sweetening, for which BR&E is most well known, was added in 1978 and the simulation package was renamed TSWEET. A second product, DEHY, was released in 1980 for modeling glycol dehydration units. Natural gas processing was added to the DEHY program in 1983 and the package was renamed PROSIM. In 1988 BR&E introduced a graphical user interface to both programs, a novelty for chemical process simulators at the time.
TSWEET and PROSIM were both MS-DOS based programs and were both incorporated into ProMax. ProMax is a late generation Windows application which uses Microsoft Visio as the graphical user interface. Other capabilities were included in ProMax besides those already available in TSWEET and PROSIM enabling it to model almost any process in the oil and gas industry.

## Company history

Bryan Research & Engineering, Inc. (BR&E) is a privately owned provider of software and engineering solutions to the oil, gas, refining and chemical industries. Since the company’s inception in 1974, BR&E has combined research and development in process simulation to provide clients with simulation tools.
# RCW 103

RCW 103 is a supernova remnant with right ascension 16$^h$17$^m$30$^s$ and declination −51° 02′. It is approximately 2000 years old and contains x-ray source 1E 161348-5055 at its heart. It is 10,000 light years away in the constellation Norma (constellation).
# Eucalyptus splendens

Eucalyptus splendens, commonly known as apple jack, is a species of small, spreading tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia. It has fibrous or corky bark on the trunk and thicker branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical to cup-shaped fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus splendens is a tree that typically grows to a height of 10 m (33 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, firm to corky fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth light brown bark on the thin branches. The branchlets are conspicuously yellow. Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are square in cross-section and leaves that are glossy green, lance-shaped, 45–90 mm (1.8–3.5 in) long and 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped to curved, 100–250 mm (3.9–9.8 in) long and 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in) wide on a petiole 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) long. Mature buds are oval to spindle-shaped, about 5 mm (0.20 in) long and 2–33 mm (0.079–1.299 in) wide with a conical operculum. The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, hemispherical to cup-shaped capsule 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide with the valves protruding.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus splendens was first formally described in 1996 by Kevin James Rule in the journal Muelleria. The specific epithet (splendens) is a Latin word meaning "shining", "gleaming" or brilliant", referring to the bright green juvenile leaves.

## Distribution

This eucalypt is only known from a single location near Mount Richmond, north-west of Portland, where it grows in heavy soils of volcanic origin.
# Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (1940)

The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography was published in two volumes in 1940 by Guy Scholefield. Scholefield had worked on the publication for over 30 years and received government assistance when the biography was included in the list of books to be published for the New Zealand centenary.
Scholefield was a journalist, historian, and librarian. He first had the idea of compiling a dictionary of New Zealand biographies in 1907. Together with Emil Schwabe, he edited the 1908 edition of Who's Who in New Zealand and the Western Pacific. He was the primary editor of the two 1940 volumes of the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography and wrote about 95% of the biographies. For the two volumes, he received an honorarium from the government of £300. The 1940 edition was part of a series a state-funded publications celebrating the country's centenary. Scholefield's work received glowing reviews in the newspapers, with the sentiment of Kerehi, the reviewer for The New Zealand Herald, echoed by most newspapers:
   Dr. G. H. Scholefield's Dictionary of New Zealand Biography stands out as one of the most permanently valuable works of reference yet produced in the Dominion. It is an excellent legacy from the Centennial year.
The work was modelled on the British Dictionary of National Biography. The New Zealand Herald estimated that 2,250 biographies are contained in the two volumes. Of those New Zealanders who reached the age of 24, the Auckland Star estimates that 1 in 2500 people received an entry in Scholefield's biography.
The agreement with Scholefield allowed for further editions and corrigenda at perhaps ten-yearly intervals. By 1955, Scholefield had enough material for a third volume covering the 1941–1951 period, but this did not go ahead. Instead, the government approved in 1959 the production of An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand by the then-parliamentary librarian, Alexander Hare McLintock. Government officials regarded that there was thus no need for a third volume and whilst they allowed for Scholefield to privately issue a supplement, they did not allow him to have the original volumes reprinted. By then, the original print run of 2,000 copies had sold out. The set's retail price was £2 10s.
The 1940 volumes have been scanned with OCR technology, resulting in searchable PDFs, and put online. The 1940 biography is unrelated to the current work of the same name.
# Prasophyllum stygium

Prasophyllum stygium, commonly known as the elfin leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to Victoria. It has a single tube-shaped leaf and up to twenty greenish-brown flowers with a white labellum. It is a recently described plant, previously included with P. fitzgeraldii, but distinguished from that species by its greenish-brown flowers with their white labellum and narrower brown callus. It is only known from a single population of about thirty plants.

## Description

Prasophyllum stygium is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single tube-shaped, shiny, pale green leaf which is 150–200 mm (6–8 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide at its maroon base. Between eight and twenty greenish-brown flowers are arranged along a flowering spike 50–80 mm (2–3 in) long, reaching to a height of 180–260 mm (7–10 in). The flowers are 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is lance-shaped to egg-shaped, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and about 2.5 mm (0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, 1–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in) wide and free from each other. The petals are brownish-green with whitish edges, linear to oblong, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 1–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in) wide. The labellum is white, lance-shaped to egg-shaped, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long, 2–2.5 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide and turns sharply upward at 90° about half-way along, reaching the lateral sepals. The edges of the upturned part are wavy or crinkled with hair-like papillae. There is a raised, oblong, coffee-coloured callus in the centre of the labellum and extending almost to its tip. Flowering occurs in late October or early November and only lasts a few days.

## Taxonomy and naming

Prasophyllum stygium was first formally described in 2017 by David Jones and Dean Rouse and the description was published in Australian Orchid Review from a specimen collected in the Deep Lead Nature Conservation Reserve near Stawell. The specific epithet (stygium) is a Latin word meaning "stygian" after the mythological river Styx, referring to the type location, a former mining area where gold was extracted from buried river beds.

## Distribution and habitat

The elfin leek orchid is only known from about thirty plants growing in forest at the type location.
# Wilhelm Josef Oomens

Wilhelm Josef Oomens SJ (1918 – 2007) was a Dutch Jesuit priest and painter who was a pastor in Germany. In 1949, he entered the congregation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). He was the longstanding director of the centre of orientation and cultural studies in Limburg, Netherlands. From 1985 to 2005, he was a pastor in Eschweiler, Germany, and worked on his painting. His illustrated book, Worte in Bildern Erleben, was published by Verlag Dohr. He died in 2007.

## Works

The emphasis of his art was the rendering and interpretation of biblical motifs. He painted the Christmas story (In dulci jubilo, 1991, The Adoration of the Magi) and the history of Jesus' suffering (for example Man of Sorrows, Stations of the Cross, 1994, The body of Jesus taken off the cross, 1981 and 1992, and Ecce Homo) and his resurrection and the coronation of the Eucharist (The doubting Thomas, 1993; The path to the Light, 1998).
The manner of painting shows the clear influence of such classical Dutch masters as Lucas van Leiden and Hieronymus Bosch.
He also painted mythological scenes (for example, Phaeton in 1978, and The Three Graces in 1983).

## Works

* Wilhelm Josef Oomens: Worte in Bildern erleben. Verlag Dohr, 2000 (an anthology of selected works of W.J. Oomens, with meditative texts in English and German)
* Schriften aus der Röher Zeit Band I: Philosophisch-theologische Unterweisungen (1997 – 2000). epubli, 2023. ISBN 9783757570569
* 150 Jahre Pfarre St. Antonius Eschweiler-Röhe (published by St. Antony's Parish, Eschweiler-Röhe, 1995)
# Iljimae (1993 TV series)

Iljimae (Korean: 일지매; Hanja: 一枝梅; RR: Iljimae; MR: Ilch'ima'e) is a 1993 South Korean mini series based on the novel with the same title by Choi Jung-joo starring Jang Dong-gun and Yum Jung-ah. It aired on MBC from August 9 to August 31, 1993, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:50 until 22:50 for 8 episodes.

## Cast

* Jang Dong-gun as Iljimae (일지매)
* Yum Jung-ah as Lee Hwa (이화)
* Im Kyung-wook as Jung Ran (정란)
** Park Sun-young as Jung Ran (later replace by Im Kyung-wook)
* Kim Dong-hyun as Heo-Kyoon (허균)
* Park Soon-ae as Sul Hwa (설화)
* Jeon In-taek as a Grand Master (포도 대장)
* Shin Choong-shik as a Buddhist monk (법열 스님)
* Park Young-ji as Mae Yun (매연)

## Other

* Initially, Park Sun-young was cast as Jung Ran, but he was pushed out of the role as he cut his hair short for filming, and Im Kyung-wook replaced him. Because of this incident, Park was banned from appearing on MBC for six months due to the disruption to the production.
# Elena's Serenade

Elena's Serenade is a children's picture book written by Campbell Geeslin (Dec. 5, 1925 - Aug. 30, 2017) and illustrated by Ana Juan. First published in 2004, it received the Parents' Choice Award the same year and was commended for the Americas Award for Children's and Young Adult Literature.

## Story

Elena dreams of becoming a glassblower like her father but he doesn't think it is a suitable job for a girl. So Elena sets off on her own, dressed as a boy, and travels to Monterrey, home of Mexico’s best glassblowers. The road is long but Elena has her songs to keep her company and soon, a few friends to sing for.

## Adaptation

Actress Sarah Wayne Callies has adapted the story into a screenplay, which has been optioned by French production company FullDawa Films. David Atrakchi is producing the animated feature and has received a grant from the French film board (CNC) for the Pilot.