OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Via Brixiana

The Via Brixiana, or Via Cremonensis, was a Roman road created during the Roman-Gallic wars in the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul. It connected Cremona to Brescia, from which Roman roads passed and then branched out towards the entire Northern Italy.

## Route

The Via Brixiana started in Cremona, an important inland port long the Po and ended in Brixia (Brescia), traversed by Via Gallica, connecting the city to the other roman consular roads. Due to Cremona fedelissima et nobilissima colonia de Romani (1585), the road, left Cremona (Cremona), intersecting Via Postumia, Via Regina, and traversed the Bassa Cremonese, continuing through Plaxanum (Pozzaglio ed Uniti), Brazzuoli, a Plaxanum's frazione, and Rubeccum (Robecco d'Oglio). Then, the road traversed the Ollius (Oglio) in Pontis Vicus (Pontevico) by a bridge who gave the name to the town, traversing Bassa Bresciana through Bassianum (Bassano Bresciano), Minervium (Manerbio), Balneolum (Bagnolo Mella) and Brixia (Brescia).

## Sources

* ↑ La Via Postumia (in Italian). Pierluigi Tozzi. 1999. p. 22.
* 1 2 La Venetia nell'area Padano-Danubiana: le vie di comunicazione: convegno internazionale, Venezia, 6-8 aprile 1988 (in Italian). Giunta Regionale del Veneto (published 10 April 1988). 1990. p. 22. ISBN 9788813166786.
* ↑ Pierluigi Romeo, di Colloredo Mels (2017). Roma contro Roma: L'anno dei quattro imperatori e le due battaglie di Bedriacum (in Italian). Soldiershop Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 9788893272483.
* ↑ Kenneth, Wellesley (2002). Year of the Four Emperors. Routhledge. p. 282. ISBN 9781134562275.
* ↑ "VIA BRIXIANA". romanoimpero.com. Archived from the original on 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
# Xylococcus (insect)

Xylococcus is a genus of scales and mealybugs in the family Xylococcidae. There are about six described species in Xylococcus.

## Species

These six species belong to the genus Xylococcus:
* Xylococcus castanopsis Dong, 2017 (China)
* Xylococcus filiferus Löw, 1882
* Xylococcus japonicus Oguma, 1926 (Japan, Russia)
* Xylococcus quercicola Danzig, 1980 (Russia)
* † Xylococcus grabenhorsti Koteja, 2008
* † Xylococcus kutscheri Koteja, 2008
# Benge (disambiguation)

Benge may refer to:
* Benge, an African tribal ritual
* Benge, Democratic Republic of the Congo, a village in Bas-Uele Province
* Benge dialect of the Bwa language
* Benge, Washington, an unincorporated community in Adams County, Washington, USA
* Benge (musician), pseudonym of Ben Edwards, British musician and producer
* Benge (surname), a list of people with the surname Benge
# Interlude (1946 film)

Interlude (Swedish: I dödens väntrum) is a 1946 Swedish drama film directed by Hasse Ekman and starring Viveca Lindfors, Hasse Ekman and Erik 'Bullen' Berglund.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström.

## Cast

* Viveca Lindfors as Vellamo Toivonen
* Hasse Ekman as Vilhelm Canitz
* Erik 'Bullen' Berglund as Dr. Lautensack
* Stig Järrel as Martin Dahlberg
* Bengt Ekerot as Tjuven
* Ronald De Wolfe as Frank Graham
* Sven-Bertil Norberg as Defie
* Albert Gaubier as Dansören
* Juanita as Dansösen
# Patthargada

Patthargada is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3992 people living in 755 individual households.
# Asian Law Review

The Asian Law Review is an academic journal focusing on legal issues concerning Asia, published by an organization of J.D. and LL.M. students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. One or two issues are published in each volume, with an occasional additional issue reprinting papers from a symposium held by the Law Review.

## Mission statement

The Asian Law Review has the following mission statement:
   The University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review is committed to addressing legal developments in Asia by providing a forum for scholars and students to contribute to the development of legal affairs in the region. To further this end, we publish and distribute a leading journal and host a variety of events at Penn Law.

## History

The journal was founded as the Chinese Law & Policy Review, and published its first two volumes (for a total of three issues) under that title. It originally published articles both in English and in Mandarin Chinese. In 2008, it adopted the name East Asia Law Review, reflecting its intention to expand its focus from China to the greater East Asia region. It simultaneously became an English language only publication. The journal held its first symposium in 2009, titled "Repeating History? Lessons from the 1997 East Asia Financial Crisis and What they Mean Today."
In 2016 the journal was re-titled again to Asian Law Review. According to the journal's web page, the name changes are meant to reflect the "ever broader focus on the continent and its legal issues."

## Editor selection

The journal is managed by a board selected by its previous executives, and selects promising candidates from the law school's students as associate editors.
# Poecilogony

The term poecilogony was coined by Alfred Mathieu Giard to describe a polymorphism in larval development in marine invertebrates. To date, this life history trait is only known in a small number of polychaete taxa, as well as some sacoglossan mollusks. In some cases, the variation in larval type is a 'plastic' trait in that it is environmentally mediated. In other cases, the larval type is genetically determined - a good example is the polychaete Streblospio benedicti, where some mothers release small planktotrophic eggs and other mothers release large lecithotrophic eggs. In either case, the variation in larval type generally involves the production of larvae that differ in feeding mode and/or developmental time.
# Hélène Perdrière

Hélène Perdrière (born 17 April 1912 in Asnieres-sur-Seine, died 27 August 1992 in Boulogne-Billancourt) was a French stage and film actress. After earning a first prize for comedy at the National Conservatory of Dramatic Art in 1928, she became the first resident of Comédie-French. She resigned to become the partner of Pierre Fresnay in the boulevard theaters of the time, before returning to the Comédie-French circuit in April 1952, and remaining until its end in December 1973. She then went on to play with the Renaud-Barrault Company until her retirement a year later. At the Comédie-French, she staged several plays of Marivaux. She was also an election interpreter.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1930 | Le Roi des resquilleurs | Lulu |
| 1932 | La foule hurle | Anne |
| 1932 | Mon coeur balance | Henriette |
| 1933 | Criminal | Mary Brody |
| 1933 | La merveilleuse tragédie de Lourdes | Odile Duprat |
| 1934 | Jeanne | Evodie |
| 1935 | Gangster malgré lui | |
| 1935 | The Squadron's Baby | Isabelle |
| 1935 | La marmaille | Ninette |
| 1939 | Three from St Cyr | Françoise le Moyne |
| 1946 | Women's Games | Simone |
| 1946 | The Ideal Couple | Diana |
| 1946 | Night Warning | Hélène |
| 1948 | Route sans issue | Evelyne Cléry |
| 1948 | The Ironmaster | Claire de Beaulieu |
| 1948 | Man to Men | Elsa Kastner |
| 1949 | The Mystery of the Yellow Room | Mathilde Stangerson |
| 1949 | The Perfume of the Lady in Black | Mathilde Stangerson - la fille de feu le professeur Stangerson |
| 1950 | Rome Express | Éliane |
| 1950 | The New Masters | Yvonne Durand |
| 1950 | A Certain Mister | L'Index |
| 1950 | Mystery in Shanghai | Floriane Aboody |
| 1951 | Topaze | Suzy Courtois |
| 1956 | If All the Guys in the World | Christine Largeau |
| 1974 | The Phantom of Liberty | La vieille tante / Aunt |
# Ashish Pradhan

Ashis Pradhan (born 5 June 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Indian Super league club Punjab.

## Career

Born in Sikkim, he hails from a Nepali Newar family. Pradhan started his career in his home state with the Namchi Sports Hostel. In 2012, he was selected to join the AIFF Regional Academy after being successful in a trial. After two years, Pradhan moved to the Tata Football Academy where he graduated from in 2018.
On 2 January 2018, Pradhan appeared on the bench for the first time in his professional career for Indian Arrows, an All India Football Federation I-League development club. On 23 February 2018, Pradhan made his professional debut for the Arrows in a league match against Aizawl. He came on as an 85th-minute substitute for Suresh Singh Wangjam as Indian Arrows lost 3–0.
For the 2018–19 season, Pradhan joined the ATK Reserves before being promoted to the senior squad.

## International

Pradhan has been selected for the India under-20 side.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 8 April 2023
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Indian Arrows | 2017–18 | I-League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| ATK | 2018–19 | Indian Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| ATK | 2019–20 | Indian Super League | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| ATK | ATK total | ATK total | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Garhwal | 2020 | I-League 2nd Division | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| RoundGlass Punjab | 2022–23 | I-League | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 15 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Durand Cup
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Super Cup
# Hasan ibn Rashid

Hasan ibn Rashid or Abu Ali ibn Rashid was a representative of Ali al-Hadi in Baghdad, Mada'in, and the Sawad. These representatives were responsible for the financial and religious affairs of the Imamite Shias especially for the collection of religious taxes like Khums and following the same tenet of political quietism of the Shia Imams, they took on the role of directing and organising the Shia community. Hasan predeceased al-Hadi and was praised by him, "He [Hasan] lived content and died a martyr."
A letter attributed to al-Hadi asks Hasan and Ayyub ibn Nuh, another representative of the imam, to resolve their dispute and work only within their defined areas. al-Hadi's representatives appear to have been split up into four distinct regions: the first one included Baghdad, Mada'in, the Sawad, and Kufa; the second, Basra and Ahwaz; the third, Qom and Hamadan; and the fourth, the Hejaz, Yemen, and Egypt. According to al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Hasan was one of the famous jurisprudents and chiefs from whom people took the verdicts of halal and haram and who were uncriticized and unblameable.
# William Lafferty

William "Bill" Lafferty (1931–2003) was a politician, Canadian Forces officer and newspaper columnist from Northwest Territories, Canada. He served as a member of the Northwest Territories Legislature from 1975 until 1979.
Lafferty was first elected to the Northwest Territories Legislature in the 1975 Northwest Territories general election. He won the Mackenzie-Laird electoral district defeating incumbent Nick Sibbeston. Lafferty would only serve a single term in office and would not return when the legislature was dissolved in 1979.
He died in 2003 due to cancer.
# When All Is Said and Done (disambiguation)

"When All Is Said and Done" is a song by ABBA.
When All Is Said and Done may also refer to:
* "When All Is Said and Done", a song by Boyzone from Said and Done
* "When All Is Said and Done", a song by Napalm Death from Smear Campaign
* "When All Is Said and Done", a song by Tyrone Wells
* "When All Is Said and Done", a song by Trapt from Trapt
* When All Is Said and Done, an album by From Satellite
# Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program

The Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program (its acronym is ITP) was a part of the University of Colorado at Boulder and offered graduate degrees in telecommunications: a Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Science in Telecommunications and a Master of Engineering in Telecommunications. It was the oldest telecommunications program in the United States and was founded in 1971 by Frank S. Barnes (Engineering) and George Codding (deceased, International Relations). Since its inception, ITP took an interdisciplinary approach to telecommunications, involving the study of engineering, law, politics, economics and business. Over the course of the past 35 years, ITP has graduated approximately 2,000 alumni who are in various positions around the world as CEOs, government officials, and management.
In 2004, ITP founder Frank S. Barnes was awarded the prestigious Gordon Prize for having founded ITP due to its innovative character and the influence that it has had within academia and industry. As the first program of its kind in the United States, it broke ground for the many academic programs that followed. When Peterson's first started listing telecommunications programs in 1996, the director of ITP was asked to write the introduction on the topic for Peterson's publisher. There is no question that many other prominent university programs have been directly influenced by ITP. For further information, there is now a consortium of universities that teach the telecommunications discipline, known as ITERA.

## The New ITP

In 2019, ITP was incorporated into the Department of Computer Science. This merge resulted in ITP being separated into two individual degrees: 1) Network Engineering and 2) Technology, Cybersecurity and Policy (TCP). The hands-on, technical piece of ITP was branched to form a Professional Master's of Science in Network Engineering degree, and the cybersecurity focus of ITP was branched into a new degree (TCP). These new degrees build on the historical success of CU Boulder’s ITP, and are a well-recognized source of talented individuals for the communications industry, with employment success rates approaching 100%.

## Prominent alumni

* Sharon K. Black, ITP's first graduate (class of 1971) international lawyer, adjunct professor and author of the book Telecommunications Law in the Internet Age (ISBN 1-55860-546-0)
* Claus F. Kroeger, Senior Vice President, Operations, Cox Communications
* Michelle A. McClure, lawyer and partner at the Washington D.C. communications law firm Irwin, Campbell & Tannenwald, P.C.
* Thomas E Moore, founder and former CEO of Wild Blue
* David Weiss, former Chairman, President and CEO of StorageTek (now part of Sun Microsystems)
* Hari V. Krishnan, CEO, PropertyGuru Group. ex-MD, APAC for LinkedIn (hired as first employee based in Asia).
# Interdisciplinary peer review

Interdisciplinary Peer Review (IPR) is a peer review process with an additional focus outside of the area of the author's subject of expertise. Disciplines such as telecommunications, political science, engineering, and medicine require specific subject matter expertise, however, they still cross multiple disciplines and may require review from many alternate functional areas to achieve maximum perspective to prevent duplication or improper publication. Reviews of this nature may also cross cultures, race, and other demographics to gain perspective.

## Reduplication and Interdisciplinarity

In Peer Commentary on Peer Review: A case study in scientific quality control, Stevan R. Harnard (p. 15) begins to touch on the concept by addressing how well the review process works and what factors prevent re-duplication. Julie Klein, a professor of interdisciplinary studies at Wayne State University, defined interdisciplinarity as "new divisions of intellectual labor, collaborative research, team teaching, hybrid fields, comparative studies, increased borrowing across disciplines, and a variety of unified, holistic perspectives that have created pressures upon traditional divisions of knowledge". Klein has also described how interdisciplinarity is used to "find answers to complex questions, address broad issues, explore disciplinary and professional relations, to solve problems beyond the scope of any one discipline, and to achieve unity of knowledge whether on a limited or grand scale".

## Differences

The difference between an Interdisciplinary Peer Review and Interdisciplinarity is that the peer group in Interdisciplinary Peer Review crosses social, economic, and educational groups. Access to the review process allows greater input from a wider array or potential researchers.

## Open Interdisciplinary Peer Review Via Social Networking

Open Interdisciplinary Peer Review via Social Networking –The nature and ease of social networking sites makes Interdisciplinary Peer Review a reality. The issue becomes the informality of the review. This informality makes the review more of an "Open Peer Review" rather than a formalized review. Surprisingly in Encouraging Formative Peer Review Via Social Networking Sites, Bassford (E.67) finds that a high percentage of student's feel social networking is useful for enhancing learning, but only a small portion want to use it for such activities.

## Dilemma

Validation of information in an Open Interdisciplinary Peer Review is an ongoing or second Interdisciplinary Peer Review. Interdisciplinary Peer Review is a continual process of review. When publication is instant and prior to a review, the accuracy falls under scrutiny in the Open review nature of social media. The level of accuracy potentially becomes more variable as the non peer group dissemination increases.
# Sujecheon

Sujecheon is a Korean court music composition in four movements dating to the mid-7th century Baekje era. It is the most representative piece in the jeongak repertoire. It is performed by an ensemble composed primarily of wind instruments, including the piri and daegeum. It originally had a vocal part, but today is performed instrumentally. The title Sujecheon may be translated as "Long Life, Immeasurable as the Heavens."

## Background

Sujecheon originated from a mid-7th century song called Jeongup or Jeongupsa (Jeongupsa refers to the music's lyrics). During the Goryeo dynasty, in the 10th century, the song was sung together with a dance performance. In the 14th century, it was sung as an accompaniment for the procession of the king or crown prince. It was passed down to the Joseon dynasty where it was written down in the Hangul script, the first song to be so-written. It then became a purely instrumental piece performed by 6 musicians, but it can also be performed by a larger ensemble.
The song is about a woman who waits on top of a mountain for her husband to return.
# Pfaffroda

Pfaffroda is a village and a former municipality in the district Erzgebirgskreis, in Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2017, it is part of the town Olbernhau.
# Sugar Creek Township, Montgomery County, Indiana

Sugar Creek Township is one of eleven townships in Montgomery County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 376 (down from 448 at 2010) and it contained 160 housing units.

## History

William Fisher Polygonal Barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 33.83 square miles (87.6 km$^2$), all land.

### Unincorporated towns

* Bowers at 40°09′25″N 86°43′29″W﻿ / ﻿40.156983°N 86.724728°W﻿ / 40.156983; -86.724728

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Bowers, Clouser, Peterson and Rice.

## School districts

* North Montgomery Community School Corporation

## Political districts

* Indiana's 4th congressional district
* State House District 41
* State Senate District 23
# Battalion (1795 ship)

Battalion was launched at Whitby in 1795. She traded with the Baltic and then in 1796 became a Liverpool-based West Indiaman. A French privateer captured her in 1797 in a single ship action as Battalion was outbound on her first voyage to Jamaica. The Royal Navy quickly recaptured her. She was last listed in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1797.
Battalion first appeared in Lloyd's Register in 1795.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1797 | T.Banks | J.Atty | London–Gothenburg | LR |
| 1797 | T.Banks Thomas Oxton | J.Atty Litt & Co. | London–Gothenburg Liverpool–Jamaica | LR |
Battalion was sold to Liverpool in 1796. Her new owners sailed her as a West Indiaman.
Captain Thomas Oxton acquired a letter of marque on 4 January 1797. On 29 January Battalion, Oxton, master, was sailing from Liverpool to Jamaica when the French privateer Jeune Emilie captured her at 45°53′N 10°30′W﻿ / ﻿45.883°N 10.500°W﻿ / 45.883; -10.500, after an engagement between the two vessels of three-quarters of an hour. Jeune Emilie was armed with 10 guns and eight swivel guns, and had a crew of 80 men.
On 11 February HMS Triton took the 10-gun privateer brig Jeune Emilie, which was forty days out of Saint-Malo and had taken the sloop Friendship as well as the 10-gun letter of marque Battalion. Triton captured Jeune Émilie at 49°10′N 12°24′W﻿ / ﻿49.167°N 12.400°W﻿ / 49.167; -12.400.
Battalion was sold for Livres 93,249, about £stg3800.
# Philip Turvey

Philip Joseph Turvey (28 June 1875 – 27 October 1955) was an Australian educator and politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1911 to 1914, representing the seat of Swan.
Turvey was born in Glenorchy, Victoria, to Bridget (née Roach) and John Turvey. He moved to Western Australia in 1898 and began working for the Education Department as a country schoolteacher, at various points teaching in Northam, Greenbushes, Narrogin, and Mundaring. Turvey served on the Northam Town Council in 1906, and was also a vice-president of the State School Teachers Union. He entered parliament at the 1911 state election, standing for the Labor Party in Swan and defeating Mathieson Jacoby (a former speaker). Turvey lost his seat to William Nairn of the Liberal Party at the 1914 election. He subsequently returned to teaching, working at Scotch College from 1915 to 1919. He later served as the commercial master at Perth Technical College from 1923 to 1940. Turvey died in Perth in October 1955, aged 80. He had married Annie Draffin in 1900, with whom he had three children.