OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palakollu mandal

Palakollu mandal is one of the 46 mandals in the West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The headquarters is located at Palakollu City. The mandal is bordered by Yelamanchili mandal in the north, Narasapuram mandal in the east, Poduru mandal in the south and Veeravasaram mandal in the west.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 census, the mandal has a population of 258,625 in 48,377 households. The total population consists of 125,535 men and 5,872 women with a sex ratio of 1,010 women per 1000 men. 12,044 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 6,172 are boys and 6,064 are girls with a sex ratio of 951 girls per 1000 boys. The average literacy rate stands at 82.99% with 97,653 literates, of which 50,723 are men and 46,930 are women.
The majority of the population is identified as Scheduled Caste with a population of 27,110, whereas those identified as Scheduled Tribe number 1,218.

### Work Profile

As per the report published by Census India in 2018, 154,149 people are engaged in work activities out of a total population of 258,625. 98,647 workers describe their work as main work, 2,389 as cultivators, 20,355 as agricultural labourers, 2,371 in the household industry and 23,532 involved in other works. Of these, 5,502 are marginal workers.

## Administration

Palakollu mandal is administered under Palakollu (Assembly constituency) of Narsapuram (Lok Sabha constituency) and is one of the twelve mandals that fall under the Narasapuram revenue division.

## City and villages

As of the 2011 census, the mandal has 20 settlements, Witch is Includes 1 City 3 out growths and 17 villages. In Palakollu Mandal. Palakollu Rural, Poolapalli, and Ullamparru Full OG's to Palakollu (M). Palakollu Rural is the largest and Chandaparru is the smallest village in terms of population.
The settlements in the mandal are listed below:
* Agarru
* Aratlakatla
* Ballipadu
* Chandaparru
* Chintaparru
* Dagguluru
* Digamarru
* Gorintada
* Kapavaram
* Lankalakoderu
* Palakollu (M)
* Palakollu Rural (OG)
* Palamuru
* Pedamamidipalle
* Poolapalli (OG)
* Sivadevunichikkala
* Tillapudi
* Ullamparru (OG)
* Varidhanam
* Velivela
Note:
    M-Municipality
    (OG) denotes an Out Growth

## Education

The mandal plays a major role in the education of rural students in the nearby villages. The primary and secondary school education is imparted by the government in aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state. As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the mandal has more than 19,727 students enrolled in over 149 schools.
# Backeljaia najerensis

Backeljaia najerensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae.
# Guangzhou Huangpu International Tennis Open

The Guangzhou Huangpu International Tennis Open is a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was first held in Guangzhou, China in 2024.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2024 | Christopher O'Connell | Sho Shimabukuro | 1–6, 7–5, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$ |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2024 | Evan King Reese Stalder | Francis Alcantara Pruchya Isaro | 4–6, 7–5, [10–5] |
# Hot Dog with the Lot

Hot Dog with the Lot is a comedy game show created by Mark Ciobo that first aired in 2005 on community television (Channel 31) throughout Australia and New Zealand, but in 2007, the show was picked up for broadcast on Foxtel and Austar respectively in the two nations. The show was created and produced by a team of Melbourne filmmakers, some of whom created the successful Crazy Crosswords on Briz 31.
# Horace Bowker

Horace Bowker (May 13, 1877 in Boston–1954) was a farm economist and businessman, born in Massachusetts and attended Harvard University. He led the American Agricultural Chemical Company from 1918 - 1937 during the Great Depression and was one of the business leaders of 1920s. In 1931, Bowker advocated a 19-year farm relief government-sponsored program to help alleviate over-cultivation and agriculture. Despite the bleak economic conditions, Bowker's tenure saw a doubling in profitability through diversification into chemical products besides fertilizers.
# Trapananda

Trapananda can refer to:
* Trapananda National Reserve
* City of the Caesars
# Old Newark Comprehensive School

Old Newark Comprehensive School is a historic school building in Newark, Delaware. It was completed in 1884 and is a two-story, rectangular public building. It has five bays at the original north front facade, with a later addition to the west. It housed elementary school grades from the time of its construction to about 1900. It housed the high school's industrial arts program from 1935 until 1965 and then served as the location of the Christina School District's administrative offices, until 2009.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Heiward Mak

Heiward Mak Hei-yan (Chinese: 麥曦茵; Jyutping: mak6 hei1 jan1) is a Hong Kong film director, writer and producer. Her work has been featured at various international film festivals including Singapore, Bratislava and Fribourg. In 2011, she won a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Screenplay for her writing on Love in a Puff.

## Biography

Mak was born in 1984 and grew up in Tai Wai, Hong Kong where she attend Sha Tin Government Secondary School. She received a diploma in graphic design at Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2003. After graduation, she worked as a graphic artist before enrolling at City University of Hong Kong within the school of Creative Media. Her thesis film Lovers’ Lover won a Gold Award at the IFVA in their Open Category section. Her teacher Patrick Tam later showed Lovers’ Lover to actor Eric Tsang. This landed Mak a casting job on the comedy film Men Suddenly in Black 2, which Tsang acted in and co-produced. Mak had written a few lines of dialogue for the casting process as the screenplay had not been written that early into production. After Tsang read what Mak had written, he offered her a co-writer position.
She graduated with a BA in Creative Media in 2006.
In 2008, Mak made her directorial debut when producer Eric Tsang gave her the opportunity to film a remake of Winds of September which later became High Noon. For her work she was nominated for a Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Director and given a Film of Merit by the Hong Kong Film Critics Society.
After directing the film Ex, she worked alongside to Pang Ho-cheung to make romantic comedy Love in a Puff which went on to earn her a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Screenplay.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Director | Writer | Notes |
| 2006 | Men Suddenly in Black 2 | No | Yes | Co-writer |
| 2008 | High Noon | Yes | Yes | |
| 2010 | Ex | Yes | Yes | |
| 2010 | Love in a Puff | No | Yes | Co-writer |
| 2011 | I Love Hong Kong | No | Yes | Co-writer |
| 2012 | Diva | Yes | Yes | |
| 2014 | Uncertain Relationships Society | Yes | Yes | |
| 2018 | Golden Job | No | Yes | Co-writer |
| 2019 | Fagara | Yes | Yes | Co-writer |
# Simon Mansel

Simon Mansel (between 1205 and 1220 – after 1268) was a Constable of Antioch.
He belonged to the important Frankish Mansel family from Antioch. He was believed to be a son of Robert Mansel, who became constable to Antioch in 1207. Bartholomew Mansel, Bishop of Tartus, was probably his brother. Through his Armenian mother, he was related to King Hethum I, King of Armenia. He married a descendant of Simon de Bouillon, chamberlain of Antioch, then a daughter of Constantine of Baberon, Lord of Barbaron and Partzapert.
He was constable of Antioch when the city fortress was attacked and besieged by the Mamluks under Sultan Baibars on May 14, 1268 . Since Prince Bohemond VI was in Tripoli, Simon commanded the defence. On the first day of the siege, he led a sortie against the attackers, but was taken prisoner by the Mamluks. From captivity he tried to negotiate a capitulation of the city, but the remaining defenders rejected this and offered the attackers fierce resistance despite their great numerical inferiority. Finally, on May 18, the city was stormed and sacked by the Mamluks, and the remaining population was massacred or enslaved. Simon was among the few who were released and went into exile with relatives in Lesser Armenia.
# Obadiah's Barrow

Obadiah's Barrow or Obadiah's Grave is a Neolithic entrance grave located on the island of Gugh in the Isles of Scilly. The grave sits on a steep slope on the southwestern side of Kittern Hill, the highest point on Gugh. The grave was excavated in 1901 by British archaeologist, George Bonsor.

## Description

Obadiah's barrow is a Neolithic entrance grave, 22 ft (7m) in diameter and 2 ft (.6m) in height. It is located on Gugh, one of six inhabited islands in the Isles of Scilly. The grave is found on the southwestern side of Kittern Hill, the northernmost hill and highest point on the island. Kittern Hill is the site of several burial cairns, including five entrance graves. The largest entrance grave on Gugh is Obadiah's Barrow, also known as Obadiah's grave.
Obadia's barrow consists of a predominantly circular mound, approximately 33 ft (10m) in diameter and 4.92 ft(1.5m) high. The grave has a short passage leading to an inner chamber, which measures 17 ft (5.2m) long by 4.6 ft (1.4m) wide. The chamber's walls are 3.6 ft high (1.1m), with stone slabs along the base. There are four visible covering slabs that lie across the top of the chamber, two have fallen and lie partly in the chamber. The chamber entrance is partially blocked by large edge-set stones.

## History

The Isles of Scilly were originally settled during the Neolithic era, circa 2500 BC. Burial monuments on the islands range in date from the later Neolithic period to the Middle Bronze Age (c.2500-1000 BC). Over eighty entrance graves have been recorded on the isles of Scilly. Entrance graves are distinguished by their burial chamber, typically constructed with edge-set slabs, coursed rubble walling or both, and roofed by large covering slabs. The chamber is usually accessible through an opening in the mound's stone outer edge. Excavations of entrance graves have generally uncovered cremation urns, pottery fragments and cremated and unburnt human bones.
Obadiah's grave was excavated in 1901 by the British archaeologist, George Bonsor, who discovered a crouching male skeleton in the middle of the chamber and a Bronze Age cremation urn and several cremation urn fragments. Near the entrance to the chamber, Bonsor uncovered a bronze awl, more urn fragments and cremated and unburnt bones. The grave was named for Obadiah Hicks, a farmer who lived on St. Agnes at the time of the excavation. Bonsor lodged with Hicks and named the burial monument after him. Bonsor's surviving plans, drawings and sections of the grave have provided a very detailed record of the entrance grave's chamber and archaeological finds.
# Obadiah (1 Kings)

Obadiah is a character in 1 Kings in the Hebrew Bible. He was a majordomo in charge of Ahab's palace.

## Biblical Account

According to 1 Kings 18:4, Obadiah hid a hundred prophets of God in two caves, fifty in each, to protect them from Jezebel, Ahab's wife. Later statements of the prophet Elijah, where he describes himself as the only remaining prophet of Yahweh led biblical theologian Otto Thenius to conclude that eventually they were captured and killed, but George Rawlinson and other commentators argue that Elijah means he is the only active prophet because the others are in hiding.
While Ahab and Obadiah are surveying the land for relief from famine, Obadiah meets the elusive prophet Elijah, whom Ahab has been hunting. Elijah asks him to arrange a meeting with Ahab. Obadiah fears that while he goes to Ahab to announce that Elijah has requested a meeting, Elijah will disappear again and Ahab will kill Obadiah as a punishment. This was because every nation and kingdom was forced to make an oath with Ahab to officially declare that they were not lying whenever they failed to find Elijah's whereabouts. Obadiah was subject to these conditions as well. After being reassured by Elijah, Obadiah arranges the meeting.
Peter Leithart compares Obadiah to Elijah and notes that both are faithful servants of God, but that they "radically differ in their position and mode of service": whereas "Elijah confronts Ahab from outside the court", Obadiah works for the preservation of the prophets from within Ahab's court.

## Authorship of the Book of Obadiah

According to both rabbinic tradition and the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church, this Obadiah is the same person as the prophet who wrote the Book of Obadiah.
# Obadiah (Khazar)

Obadiah was the name of a Khazar ruler of the late eighth or early ninth century. He is described as coming from among "the sons of the sons" of Bulan, but whether this should be taken literally to mean that he was Bulan's grandson, or figuratively to imply a more remote descent, is unclear. King Joseph's Reply claimed that Obadiah strengthened Rabbinic Judaism and Hebrew proficiency in Khazaria by building synagogues and schools and inviting Jewish sages to the country. In Sefer ha-Ittim, Judah ben Barzillai's list of Khazar Jewish kings lacked Obadiah's name, and several scholars have concluded from this that Obadiah was a fictional character. He was succeeded by his son Hezekiah.
# Obadiah Bowen

Obadiah Bowen (born May 16, 1907, Lincoln County, Oklahoma, US; d. Apr. 7, 2004, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada) was one of the original settlers to Amber Valley, Alberta, as well as a pastor and community leader. He was one of the first Black settlers to Alberta.

## Homesteading

Obadiah Bowen came to Canada from Oklahoma in 1909 with his parents Willis Reese Bowen and Jeanie Gregory Bowen and several siblings, as well as four other families his father helped organize.
Bowen's father homesteaded Obadiah Place (Bowen Residence) in 1913. His original log cabin was a community meeting place, post office, and site of the first telephone. In 1938, his son Obadiah Bowen replaced the cabin, building a house. It was recognized as an Alberta historic site in 1999.

## Civic leadership

Bowen served as the town preacher for people of various denominations. His interdenominational church was built on land he donated in 1953, about a half mile from the house.

## Work

Bowen also worked in construction at the Banff Springs Hotel and built roads and railways, and worked as a freighter.

## Family

Bowen married Eva Mae Mapp Bowen and had four children, including Oliver Bowen. In 1996, he moved from Amber Valley to an Athabasca nursing home.
# Amperima rosea

Amperima rosea is a species of sea cucumber in the family Elpidiidae. It is found on the seabed at abyssal depths of 4,000 m (2.5 mi) or more. Around 1996, its numbers in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the northeastern Atlantic increased dramatically from a few individuals per hectare to over six thousand per hectare, a phenomenon that became known as the "Amperima event".

## Distribution and habitat

Amperima rosea is a small sea cucumber growing to a length of between 20 and 35 mm (0.8 and 1.4 in). It occurs on the sediment-covered seabed of the deeper parts of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the northeastern Atlantic.

## Behaviour

Amperima rosea is a detritivore and feeds on phytodetritus by sifting through the sediment on the seabed. The phytodetritus is the remains of phytoplankton from shallow water locations which drifts down like snow or under certain conditions sinks rapidly to the sea floor. Amperima rosea breeds at any time of year. The eggs are small (less than 200μm in diameter) and lack much yolk indicating that larval development is likely to be planktonic. The species displays a high level of fecundity and it is likely that mass spawning takes place after some external stimulus such as a sudden increase in food supply.

## Amperima event

In the mid-1990s in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, the density of Amperima rosea on the seabed increased from pre-1995 levels of two or three individuals per hectare to over six thousand per hectare, and this new high population level was maintained in subsequent years. During the same period, other species of sea cucumber in the area also increased in number but decreased in average size and the brittle star Ophiocten hastatum also had an explosive increase in population density. The rate at which 100% of the surface layer of the seabed was completely turned over was reduced from two and a half years to six weeks. The increase in density of the sea cucumbers has been linked to a greater abundance of phytodetritus and this in turn may be due to higher surface water temperatures caused by climate change. The rapid increase in sea cucumber populations as a response to increased food supply may have reduced the build-up of organic materials in the sediment which would otherwise have occurred.
# Transcrime

Transcrime is a Research Centre on Transnational Crime of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan. The Centre, directed by Ernesto U. Savona, Professor of Criminology at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, represents the multi-year union between experience and innovation in the field of criminological research.
Transcrime has offices in Milan. In each office there is a team of researchers and secretaria/management personnel.
Transcrime also plays an important role in the support and development of education activities at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan. Its principal aim is to achieve a strong integration between scientific innovation and academic education. In particular, since the academic year 2005/06, Transcrime has been managing the MA programme in Applied Social Sciences (curriculum Crime&Tech, Crime Sciences and Technologies for Security, under the coordination of Professor Savona). In addition, Transcrime has been contributing to the development of the International Ph.D. programme in Criminology, coordinated by Professor Savona, which, at the moment, is the only third level academic course study dedicated to criminological issues in Italy.
# O'Brien's Castle

O'Brien's Castle may refer to:
* O'Brien's Castle (Inisheer)
* Dromore Castle (County Clare)
* A castle near to Dough Castle
* Any other castle associated with the O'Brien dynasty
# William Nicholls (Royal Marines officer)

General Sir William Charles Nicholls, KCB (25 February 1854 – 1 December 1935) was a Royal Marines officer who served as Adjutant-General Royal Marines.

## Military career

Educated at Cheltenham College, Nicholls was commissioned into the Royal Marine Artillery on 15 July 1872. He saw action in South Africa in 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War. He became Deputy Adjutant-General at Headquarters, Royal Marine Forces in June 1911. At that time the Deputy Adjutant-General was the professional head of the Royal Marines. His post was redesignated Adjutant-General Royal Marines in early 1914 shortly before the Gallipoli landings, in which the Royal Marine Forces took a prominent role, in June 1915 during the First World War. He retired in June 1916.
# Stefano Alfonso

Stefano Alfonso (born 10 January 1968 in Este, Italy) was a speedway rider who raced for the Scottish Monarchs and Edinburgh Monarchs in the United Kingdom.

## Career Summary

After starting out as a MotoCross rider, Alfonso switched to speedway in 1992 at the age of 24.
In 1995 Alfonso finished second in both the Continental semi-final in Lonigo and the Continental Speedway final in Miskolc before finishing 15th out of 16 in the Grand Prix Challenge in Lonigo.
These performances were enough to get him noticed by British League clubs and he signed for the Scottish Monarchs for the 1996 season.
The highlight of Alfonso's career came during the 1996 season when he competed in the 1996 Italian Grand Prix, a meeting where he defeated the eventual 1996 World Champion, Billy Hamill.
An arm injury in June interrupted his British League season in 1996, and he only made a few more appearances before the end of the season. Alfonso didn't return to the UK in 1997 after being banned from racing due to failing a drugs test at the Italian Championships in 1996.
In 1998, Alfosno became the national champions of Italy. After competing on the Continent during 1998, Alfonso returned to the UK with Edinburgh Monarchs near the end of the season. However, he didn't make the expected impact while competing on sub-standard, borrowed machinery and failed to return to the Monarchs after a return home for an Italian Championship meeting. His failure to complete the necessary 6 matches to gain a new league average saw him excluded from the 1999 team and he never raced in UK speedway again.
He continued to compete on the Continent, including racing in the Italian League in 2002, before a broken leg ended his career.
# Paul Le Claire

Paul Vincent Le Claire (born 1963) is a Jersey politician who was a member of the States of Jersey from 1999 to 2011. He represented the Saint Helier District No.1 constituency and between 1999 and 2005 had an island-wide mandate as a senator.

## Biography

He was born in 1963 in Jersey.

## Electoral history

Le Claire first stood in a by-election for a vacant senatorial seat in a by-election held in February 1999, coming second to Jerry Dorey with 1,811 votes. In a subsequent by-election in April 1999, he was, however, successful in gaining one of the three seats as a deputy for St Helier No.1 District.
Later that year, Le Claire again sought an island-wide mandate as senator. He was elected in the October 1999 general election, coming fourth with 8,287 votes in a contest for six seats. In 2005 he was a founder member of the Jersey Democratic Alliance, but following the resignation of Senator Ted Vibert as chairman and the subsequent election of a more left-leaning leadership, he resigned to lead the Centre Party. In the October 2005 elections he polled ninth of fifteen candidates and failed to gain re-election as a senator. Following the election he announced that he was resigning his membership of the Centre Party.
Le Claire turned his attentions again to the St Helier No.1 District constituency, where he stood successfully as an independent in the 2005 and 2008 Deputies elections. In the 2011 general elections he failed to retain his seat, finishing fourth out of eight candidates.
# Paulo Ricardo

Paulo Ricardo may refer to:
* Paulo Ricardo (musician) (born 1962), Brazilian musician
* Padre Paulo Ricardo (born 1967), Brazilian priest and television host
* Paulo Ricardo (footballer, born 1987), Brazilian football right-back
* Paulo Ricardo (footballer, born 1994), Brazilian football centre-back
# Ibadan North-West

Ibadan North-West is a Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are at Dugbe/Onireke. The postal code of the area is 200.
History
Ibadan North-west Local Government Area was created in 1991.

## Demographics/geography

The average temperature of Ibadan Northwest Local Government Area (LGA) is 28 degrees Celsius, with a total area of 26 square kilometers. The area has an average humidity of 61%, and the LGA receives 2100 mm of precipitation annually.
It has an area of 26 km$^2$ and a population of 152,834 at the 2006 census.

## Economy

The Agbeni and Eleyele markets are located in the Ibadan Northwest local government area, which has a thriving trading industry. There are also a number of hotels, banks, and manufacturing facilities in the region.