OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berberis koreana

Berberis koreana, the Korean barberry, is deciduous shrub that can grow up to 5 feet (1.5 m) in height. The species is endemic to Korea. It is widely planted as an ornamental tree in North America, South America and Europe.

## Distribution

Berberis koreana is endemic to Korea. It has been recently used as an ornamental tree in the United States. The genus Berberis however, ranges widely in Temperate zones of North America and Eurasia. The species is reportedly naturalized in a few locations in the US State of Vermont.

## Habitat and ecology

Berberis koreana is a deciduous shrub that is considered hardy which means it can tolerate temperatures as low as 5 °F (−15 °C). The species can also tolerate a range of soil types; it can be in a well-drained or moist soil. B. koreana can be placed in full sun or part shade but does not prefer to be in full shade.

## Morphology

Individuals of this species are deciduous shrubs with berries that are purple to red in color. The leaf margins are dentate and have inflorescences in racemes on reddish branchlets. The leaves are simple, alternating, are either elliptical or oval shape and are dark to medium-green in color. They show pinnate venation with smooth edges that are 1–3 inches (2.5–7.6 cm) in length.

### Flowers and fruit

The flowers of Berberis koreana are approximately 0.2 inches (5.1 mm) in length, appear in clusters, and are yellow in color when they bloom in the spring. B. koreana has 0.2–0.3 inches (5.1–7.6 mm) egg-shaped, red to purple berries in the fall and winter months. The flower has six yellow sepals, six stamens and six petals that can be yellow to dark orange-red. B. koreana has 1-10 seeds that are tan to red-brown or black.

## Uses
### Food

Berberis berries are edible but sour and are mostly used in jams and jellies. However, eating high quantities of B. koreana berries can result in adverse side effects (see Intoxication section).

### Medicinal purposes

There are no established medical uses for barberry. However, roots of other Berberis species were used by American Indians and settlers to help with upset stomachs, hemorrhages, tuberculosis, and eye trouble. It has also been said, but not proved, that Berberis koreana can be used as an antibacterial agent. Recent studies found that compounds synthesized from the trunk of B. koreana showed cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines and inhibited the growth of a skin melanoma.

### Intoxication

Several species of Berberis contain alkaloids such as berberine, canadine, columbamine, corypalmine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine. These alkaloids are all very similar in chemical structure, but they vary in the effects they have on humans. Protoberberine relaxes smooth muscle and causes a decrease in overall blood pressure. Berberine, at high dosages, has been known to cause seizures and inhibit enzymes. Berberis can have adverse side effects such as severe digestive tract irritation that includes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The side effects are not life-threatening and can be treated.
# Pram service

A pram service is an informal Anglican Church religious service, such as eucharist or morning prayer, specifically tailored for babies and toddlers (up to five years of age), along with their parents, guardians, or child minders, and which is named for the British word for what Americans call a baby carriage. The short, informal service typically includes communion or prayer, singing, and age-appropriate Biblical stories, followed by a snack and hot beverages, play time, and informal conversation.
The service may be led by the vicar, or, more often, by a layperson, or Mothers Union volunteer. The mothers may lead the service themselves. Women in the priesthood may have gotten their first experience leading religious services with such forms of worship.

## History

Pram services have been conducted in Anglican and Methodist churches for at least thirty years, since the 1980s. Today, non-denominational Christian churches may also hold pram services. In 2014, it was called a "Messy Church and Pram Service". It is sometimes referred to as a 'toddler service'.

## Setting

A pram service is often held on a weekday morning, but may be held mid-afternoon (2:00 or 2:15 p.m.), with sufficient time for the children's guardians to pick up older children after the end of the school day. While it can be held in the church, the informal service can also be conducted in the chapter house the chancel, church house, or community center. A popular "how-to" guide to children's programming advises that when running a monthly pram service, make it as simple and in familiar circumstances as possible, to draw in parents who might "not feel at ease in a church."
The purposes of the service are to provide an opportunity for adults to meet others, as well as catechism and new friends for the children. Some parents just use the chance to get away from housekeeping for an hour. The cost is usually free; however, the church may ask for a small donation. The service can be used for evangelism of younger people.

## Notable churches with pram services

* Church of St Michael and All Angels, Beckwithshaw
* St Robert's Church, Pannal
* Wymondham Abbey
* St Oswald's Church, Sowerby

## In popular culture

Pram services may be used as a plot device or back story in British fiction. For example, in the novel Heaven Spent by Janice B. Scott, Polly uses the service to entice young parents with "an old-fashioned high tea" that church was worth attending on Sunday afternoons, but it involved hours of preparation. The Harlequin novel, A Secret Infatuation, includes a scene in which a parishioner must see the priest about helping the Mothers Union form a pram service. In the dramatic novel The Dark Mirror, the church starts a successful pram service.
# Who Killed Garrett Phillips?

Who Killed Garrett Phillips? is a 2019 documentary in two parts by American film director and producer Liz Garbus.

## Synopsis

On Oct. 24, 2011, 12-year-old Garrett Phillips was murdered in his home in Potsdam, a small town in upstate New York. Police quickly suspected Oral "Nick" Hillary, a Jamaican man in the mostly white community, who was a soccer coach at Clarkson University and the ex-boyfriend of Garrett's mother, Tandy Cyrus. The documentary chronicles the years following the murder including the interrogation, arrest, and trial for second degree murder of Nick Hillary, the prime suspect. He opted to be tried by a judge and was acquitted. In the course of the trial it is revealed that public state prosecutor, Mary E. Rain withheld exculpatory evidence from the defense. This, and additional instances of professional misconduct, led to Rain being banned for two years from practicing law.

## Reception

The film premiered on June 20, 2019, at AFI Docs Film Festival in Washington DC as part of the festival's "Truth and Justice" program. It was subsequently broadcast on July 23 and 24 2019 on HBO in the US. The documentary received positive reviews.
# Vilayati Bhabhi

Vilayati Bhabhi (transl. "Foreigner Sister in Law") is an Indian Punjabi language television series that premiered from 13 January 2020 on Zee Punjabi. It stars Isha Gupta and Kanwarpreet Singh. It is an official remake of Zee Marathi's TV series Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku. It ended on 15 January 2021.

## Plot

Sandy and Emily both live in Canada. Sandy as an NRI man marries Emily, who lives in Canada as well. Sandy is a loafer. He returns to his village Punjab with her wife. When Sandy returned to his village and spend few months in Punjab India. The villager want him to return to Canada with his wife and think that why he had gone to Canada for his desire and aim.

## Cast

* Isha Gupta as Emily
* Kanwarpreet Singh as Sukhwinder "Sandy" Singh
* Sushma Prashant
* Mandeep Mani
* Guru Sevak
* Damini Shetty
* Charanpreet Maan
# William Manger (disambiguation)

William Manger is an American sound editor.
William Manger (or variants) may also refer to:
* Bill Manger (1900–1958), Australian rules football player
* William M. Manger, Jr., in United States House of Representatives elections, 2004
* William Manger (general), American Secretary General of the Organization of American States
* William Manger (1865–1928), Co-founder of the Manger Hotels
# Turtle Mound

Turtle Mound is a prehistoric archaeological site located 9 miles (14 km) south of New Smyrna Beach, Florida, on State Road A1A. On September 29, 1970, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is the largest shell midden on the mainland United States, with an approximate height of 50 feet (15 m). The mound extends for over 600 feet (180 m) along the Indian River shoreline and contains over 35,000 cubic yards (27,000 m$^3$) of shells. Turtle Mound was estimated to be 75 feet (23 m) high before it was reduced by shellrock mining in the 19th and 20th centuries. Because it is visible seven miles out at sea, early Spanish explorers and subsequent mariners used the large mound as a landmark for coastal navigation. Today, the site is owned and managed by the National Park Service as part of Canaveral National Seashore.
The turtle-shaped mound contains oysters and refuse from the prehistoric Timucuan people, who caught a variety of small mammals and reptiles here. Archaeologists believe that these people may have used this site as a high-ground refuge during hurricanes. It has been estimated to have been constructed between 800 and 1400 CE; recent radio-carbon dating has dated it to around 1000 BCE.
The Timucuan experienced greater competitive forces for finite resources such as arable land resulting in increased open conflict. This is apparent in some of the material found in the Turtle Mound location where it occupied an important location along the coast. Archaeologists have recently found 1,200-year-old pottery on the site.

## Characteristics

The shell mound is a deposit of refuse composed mostly of oyster shells, but no extensive excavations have been made. The mound contains several species of tropical plants. Surveys have confirmed the presence of Amyris elemifera, Heliotropium angiospermum, Plumbago scandens, Harrisia fragrans, Sideroxylon foetidissimum, Schoepfia chrysophylloides, and other species. The site represents the northernmost distribution for several species. The heat retention of shells and the proximity to the Atlantic Ocean maintains warmer temperatures than surrounding areas.

## History

Currently called Turtle Mound, it has had several names throughout history including Surruque in the 16th century, named after the cacique (chief) and Indian tribe that lived in the area, Mount Belvedere (1769), The Rock (1769), Mount Tucker (1796), and Turtle Mount (1823). In 1605, the Spanish explorer Alvaro Mexia visited the site and reported natives launching their dugout canoes at the mound's base. Over many years of this practice, the mound began to take the form of a turtle, giving the feature its name.

## Gallery

* Oyster shells visible beneath the overgrowth
* 1924 Photo of Turtle Mound
* 1929 Photo of Turtle Mound
* Sign pointing the way to mound
* Walkway towards mound
* Shells visible through vegetation
* Looking west from top of mound
* Boardwalk to top of mound
# Bottini

Bottini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alberto Bottini (born 1967), Swiss swimmer
* Anna Maria Bottini (1916-2020), Italian actress
* Dante Bottini (born 1979), Argentine tennis coach
* Estefanía Bottini Alemany (born 1974), former professional Spanish tennis player
* Gastone Bottini (born 1987), Italian footballer
* Ivy Bottini (1926-2021), American activist
* Marianna Bottini (1802–1858), Italian classical composer and harp teacher
* Oliver Bottini (born 1965), German crime writer and non-fiction author
* Prospero Bottini (1621–1712), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
* Reg Bottini (1916–1999), British trade union leader
* Silvia Bottini (born 1981), Italian actress and model
# Desalpar Gunthli

Desalpar Gunthli is a village and site belonging to Indus Valley civilisation located at Nakhtrana Taluka, Kutch District, Gujarat, India. Desalpar is approx 25 km away from Bhuj. This site is of modest dimensions,(130 m (427 ft) by 100 m (328 ft)) situated on the northern banks of once depredatory (erosive) stream, Bamu-Chela, an affluent of the Dhrud river.

## History

The line of the walls, 2250 yards round and something of an oblong square in shape, though much decayed may be clearly traced. Inside is nothing but a heap of ruins, the remains of houses and temples. In I828, the villagers constantly turned up pieces of old vessels, ass coins, and occasional boxes of money. An old Mahadev temple was believed to hold snake-guarded treasured.
On the bank of a small lake to the west of the fort, seven grave stones, palias, with peculiar designs but no writings, are said to have been raised in honour of seven claimants for the hand of Guntri the adopted sister of the seven Sands, possibly Vaghela Rajputs, once the rulers of the fort. It was from these seven Sands, probably early in the fourteenth century, that the Sammas captured the fort and made themselves masters of western Kutch.
The story is that Mod and Mandi, two Samma outlaws from Sindh, by treachery gained possession of Vagham - Chavdagadh ten miles north of Kora near Lakhpat. Vagham Chavda, whom the Sammas killed, was a vassal of the seven Sands. They at first threatened punishment, but were appeased by the offer of a larger tribute and of one of the Samma brothers as hostage. Part of the tribute was paid in grass, and one year the Sammas, in each cart of grass, hid some armed men. As the carts passed through the city gate, the blind gatekeeper smelling something more than grass, said, "There is either flesh or pulse in the cart?". A spear driven into one cart cut the thigh of a Jat soldier. But he, uttering no sound of pain, as the spear was pulled out rubbed off the blood, and, in spite of the blind man's warning, the carts passed in. At night the armed men left the carts, fell on the garrison, seized the fort, and drove the seven Sands into Kathiawar.

## Excavation

Archaeological Survey of India undertook excavation at this site during 1963.

## Architecture

Desalpar had a massive stone fortification with a base of about 4 m (13 ft), and height measuring from 2 m (7 ft) to 5 m (16 ft). Several houses were built adjacent to fort wall inside the town and central part of the settlement had a structural complex with foundation offsets, massive walls and spacious rooms.

## Findings

Regular Harappan pottery, a thin grey ware carefully potted and painted with lines of bluish green pigment were found at lower excavation levels, similar to that found at Mohenjodaro, which is commonly described as 'glazed ware'. Alongside the Harappan pottery, three scripts bearing seals were found. On each script the seal was made of a different material, one of steatite, one of copper and one of terracotta.
# Pram race

A pram race is a light-hearted sporting event held in several towns in England, often to raise money for local charities. Small teams race an unpowered "pram" vehicle through the streets of their town, one member riding inside it while the others push. Vehicles are sometimes of an elaborate home-made design, with team members wearing costumes. The events often involve stopping for a drink at each of several local pubs along the route, as part of the race.
The concept of the pram race originated in Pagham in 1946. The race was established there by a group of demobilised military servicemen who performed a three-mile race around the town, stopping for a drink at each pub they passed, and competing to win a Christmas cake. From that year on, the race became an annual Boxing Day tradition in the town, with recent races having as many as sixty teams participating. The president of the Pagham event is racing driver Derek Bell.
Pram races have since become regular events in other English towns. The Dawlish pram race has been staged since 1972.
Rules for the Sutton Valence event specify that for a team of three, two runners must push while the other rides inside the pram, which must have four wheels, and the two pushers must maintain physical contact with both the pram and the ground at all times.
# Benjamin F. Saffold

Benjamin Franklin Saffold (1826–1889) was an American lawyer, politician and judge. He was a justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1868 to 1874.

## Biography

Saffold was born in Pleasant Hill, Dallas County, Alabama to parents Reuben Saffold and Mary (née) Phillips Saffold. Benjamin's father had immigrated from Georgia in 1813 and had served as a frontier huntsman, lawyer and a constitutional delegate that brought Alabama into the Union. By 1835, Reuben Saffold had become the chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court.
Benjamin Saffold graduated from the University of Alabama in 1845 and was admitted to the bar in 1847.
He was a Democrat until the party took steps to ensure secession. He fiercely campaigned against it and failed to secure a seat as a unionist. During Reconstruction after the Civil War, he served as a judge of the circuit court and Mayor of Selma. He was a delegate to the 1867 Constitutional Convention as a representative of the 16th district. In 1868, Governor William Hugh Smith appointed Saffold an associate of the Alabama Supreme Court. He served until 1874. He died at age 63 in Mobile, Alabama.
# Payen PA-22

The Payen PA-22 was a French experimental aircraft designed by Nicolas Roland Payen.
The aircraft had an unconventional design: it had a set of delta wings, in front of which were a set of short conventional wings. It had a fixed front landing gear and the cockpit was further back than usual.

## Design and development

In 1935 the prolific aircraft designer Roland Payen developed a radical tandem-wing configuration aircraft which he dubbed the "Fléchair" (Arrow). The PA 22/1R was to be powered by an early form of ramjet known as the Melot 1R engine. This design was to participate in the 1939 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe air race. Unfortunately the Melot engine was not able to develop the required thrust and the 1939 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe was cancelled due to the start of World War II.
Payen redesigned the aircraft around a Regnier 180 hp 6B-01 six-cylinder, air-cooled inverted in-line engine, which was designated PA 22/2, and was completed in 1939. During its testing in the wind tunnel at Chalais-Meudon (Paris), the Germans invaded France and confiscated it. The German occupation forces were intrigued by the design and completed the wind tunnel testing. Redesignated the PA 22 V5, painted in German colors and coded BI+XB, the aircraft was transferred to Villacoublay. In October 1942 Payen's test pilot Jacques Charpantier, completed the first flight. A flight test program was started, but before it was completed Payen convinced the German authorities that modifications were necessary and had the prototype returned to his factory at Juvisy.
Improvements including a variable-pitch propeller and supplementary fuel tanks were started but in 1943 an Allied air raid on the Juvisy railway yard also struck the factory, destroying the PA 22.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 7.48 m (24 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in)
* Height: 2.35 m (7 ft 9 in)
* Wing area: 10 m$^2$ (110 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 560 kg (1,235 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 955 kg (2,105 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Regnier R.6 6-cyl. inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine, 130 kW (180 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 360 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn)
* Cruise speed: 330 km/h (205 mph, 178 kn)
* Range: 1,200 km (750 mi, 650 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 5,600 m (18,500 ft)
# Elaeocarpus griffithii

Elaeocarpus griffithii is a tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is found in parts of Island and Mainland Southeast Asia. It is used in construction, as firewood and in dyeing.

## Description

It has smooth bark, and grows 10-25m tall in dense and flooded forests.

## Distribution

The tree is found in Borneo, Sumatera, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar.

## Habitat

The tree occurs in ombrotrophic (rain-fed) coastal peat swamp forest in Kubu Raya Regency, and in the ombrotrophic peatland forest of Berasap and Tulak in the Ketapang Regency, of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the southernmost province of Thailand, Narathiwat, within the To Daeng peat swamp forest, Elaeocarpus griffithii is found among the primary forest, but not the secondary formations. The species grows in choams (Khmer, permanently inundated evergreen swamp forests) of northern Stung Treng Province, Cambodia, occurring in both seasonally and permanently inundated areas. The species is one of the most common species of tree in the wetland swamp forests of the Mekong floodplain of southern Vietnam, along with Barringtonia acutangula, Diospyros cambodiana, Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, Hydnocarpus castaneus, and Mallotus plicatus.

## Ecology

While investigating the effects of forest degradation (clearfelling and other old-growth forest reduction) on the peatland forest of Berasap and Tulak in the Ketapang Regency of West Kalimantan, Astiani showed increasingly reduced density of Elaeocarpus griffithii as degradation increased. In another study looking at waterflow from trees to the soil, conducted in coastal peat swamp forest of Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, Elaeocarpus griffithii was found to have high stemflow down to the soil. This is consistent with other smooth-barked taxa, as opposed to coarse- and mid-barked taxa.

## Vernacular names

The plant is named in various ways in a number of languages: mempening (Kabu Raya Regency, Kalimantan), luët chum, rumdé:nh phluk, chorm nhi (Khmer); côm tầng, côm griffith (Vietnamese)

## Uses

The wood is used in construction and as firewood in Cambodia, and in construction as well as a source of tannin for dyeing in Vietnam.

## History

The species was first described by the eminent US botanist Asa Gray in his 1854 publication within the official report of the Wilkes Expedition (1838–42) of the Pacific and surrounding lands.
# Big John Hamilton (actor)

Big John Hamilton (October 29, 1916 - December 5, 1984) was an American restaurateur and actor known for various small roles in American films, especially western films. He had roles in several John Wayne films.
Hamilton, who was born in Asheville, North Carolina, was 6-ft 4-in tall and owned a steak house in San Antonio where he met Wayne and was offered a small, uncredited role in The Alamo. He continued to have roles in other Wayne films and a few other films and guest appearances on several television series.
He died of an apparent heart attack at Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio on December 5, 1984.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1956 | Gunsmoke | Big John | Episode: "Poor Pearl" |
| 1957 | Blondie | Wildcat | Episode: "Howdy Neighbor" |
| 1958 | Mackenzie's Raiders | Lane | Episode: "Hostage" |
| 1960 | The Alamo | Bowie's Man | Uncredited |
| 1961 | Two Rode Together | Settler | Uncredited |
| 1961 | The Deadly Companions | Gambler | Uncredited |
| 1963 | Bonanza | Miner | Episode: "Calamity Over the Comstock" |
| 1963 | McLintock! | Fauntleroy Sage | |
| 1966 | The Rounders | Big John | Episode: "Some Things Are Not for Sale" |
| 1968 | Bandolero! | Bank customer | |
| 1968 | Hellfighters | Lipman | |
| 1969 | The Undefeated | Mudlow | |
| 1974 | The Sugarland Express | Big John | |
| 1974 | Ride in a Pink Car | Big John | |
| 1978 | Flying High | Big John | Episode: "South by Southwest" |
| 1983 | Tough Enough | Big John | (final film role) |