OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quan (state)

The State of Quán (simplified Chinese: 权国; traditional Chinese: 權國) was a small Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) vassal state of Central China. A marquisate, then dukedom (侯), its rulers were descendants of Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) ruler Wu Ding with the surname Zi (子). Quan was founded by Wen Ding’s son Quan Wending (权文丁) in the area of modern-day Maliang Town (马良镇), Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, next to what would later emerge as the State of Chu.

## History

During the Xia (c. 2070–1600 BC) and Shang Dynasties, China was divided into the Nine Provinces at which time Jingmen City was classified as part of Jingzhou. In the 11th century BC, the Duke of Zhou received orders from King Cheng of Zhou to announce an edict concerning descendants of the royal Ji (姬) family. They were given land in the Shihui Bridge (拾回桥) area of Shayang County where they established the State of Ran (冉国), also known as the State of Na (那国) and the State of Quan. The initial ruler of Quan was given the title “First Duke of Quan” (权甲公 pinyin: Quán Jiǎ Gōng). The history of both Ran and Quan during the Western Zhou dynasty (1066–771 BC) is not recorded. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period (771 BC), Chu's power was in the ascendant and the state gradually expanded southwards. Chu rulers Xiong E (熊鄂) and Ruo’Ao (若敖) (799–764 BC) were anxious to expand southwards but this would require the overthrow of the State of Ran and bring the Zhou court onto the doorstep of Chu.
During the reign of King Huan of Zhou, in 704 BC, King Wu of Chu attacked the State of Sui at the Battle of Suqi near modern-day Suizhou (速杞之战). This was only one part of the Kings military campaign, and he subsequently invaded Quan, overthrowing its 22nd generation leader with the surname Zi, Duke Gui of Quan (权归公). Thereafter, King Wu established a county within Quan's former borders and installed his minister Dou Min (斗缗) as magistrate.
# Conrad Westermayr

Conrad Westermayr (30 January 1765 – 5 October 1834) was a German painter and engraver.

## Life and work

His father, Daniel Jacob Westermayr (1734–1788), was a goldsmith. He learned the craft from him, while attending the State Drawing Academy [de]. At first, he focused on creating portraits, as the best source of income. In 1788, he enrolled at the Kunsthochschule Kassel, to continue his studies with one of the numerous members of the Tischbein family; most likely Johann Heinrich Tischbein. His first oil paintings were copies of the Old Masters.
After 1791, Westermayr studied in Weimar, with the copper engraver, Johann Heinrich Lips. Later, he made engraved copies of larger works by other artists, and worked for the publishing house, "Industrie-Kontor", owned by Friedrich Justin Bertuch. He went to Dresden in 1795, to further his skills in landscape painting. In 1800, he returned to Weimar and married Henriette Stötzer [de], an artist who had also worked for Bertuch.
Westermayr was named a professor at the Hanau Academy in 1806. The old city gates were demolished that year, and his drawings provide the only visual record of them. In 1808, he became a member of the Wetterauische Gesellschaft [de], a scientific society, for which he drew minerals and other natural objects. Not long after, he became the academy's Director, a position he held for the rest of his life. In 1813, he made several paintings and engravings of the Battle of Hanau.
Despite these activities, his focus was on promoting his students, one of which was Moritz Daniel Oppenheim, considered to be one of the first modern Jewish painters.
Westermayr died in 1834, at the age of sixty-nine. He and Henriette had no children. Over 500 of his plates have been preserved at the Hanau Historical Museum [de].

## Sources

* Wilhelm Grotefend (1897), "Westermayr, Konrad", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 189–191
* Norbert Nail: "Semper lustig. Nunquam traurig: Marburger Studenten im Stammbuch des Conrad Westermayr", In: Alma Mater Philippina. Sommersemester 1994, pp. 22–25
* Georg Kaspar Nagler, "Westermayr, Conrad", In: Neues allgemeines Künstler-Lexicon, Vol.24, Schwarzenberg & Schumann, 1835, pp. 186–188 (Online)
* Ina Schneider: "Conrad und Henriette Westermayr – Leben und Arbeiten in Weimar und Hanau", In: Neues Magazin für Hanauische Geschichte, 1996, pp. 2–34
# R. V. G. Menon

R. V. G. Menon is a professor of engineering in Kerala, India. He was the principal of Government College of Engineering, Kannur. He was deputed as the director of Agency for Non-conventional Energy and Rural Technology (ANERT). He is the author of An Introduction To The History And Philosophy of Science, which is a part of the engineering curriculum in Kerala.
Menon served as president of Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad, the "Peoples' Science Movement".
# Senitam Khusro

Senitam Khusro, was an Iranian military officer, who served as the commander of Armenia from 605/6 to 606/7 under the Sasanian king Khosrow II (r. 590–628).
Senitam is first mentioned 605/6 as being appointed as the leader of the Sasanian invasion of Armenia, thus succeeding the previous Sasanian commander of Armenia, Datoyean. Senitam shortly outflanked the troops of the Byzantine commander at Anglon, Theodosius Khorkhoruni. The Byzantines then asked for an allowance to withdraw from the city, but were defeated and routed during a surprise attack by Senitam, who captured Theodosius. Senitam then defeated another army in Phasiane, while various fortresses fell under Sasanian control. Later in 606/7, Senitam was succeeded by Ashtat Yeztayar.

## Sources

* Martindale, John Robert; Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Morris, J., eds. (1992). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527–641. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20160-5.
* Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). New York, New York and London, United Kingdom: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). ISBN 0-415-14687-9.
| Preceded byDatoyean | Sasanian commander of Armenia 606/7 - 607/8 | Succeeded byAshtat Yeztayar |
* This Sasanian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Total algebra

In abstract algebra, the total algebra of a monoid is a generalization of the monoid ring that allows for infinite sums of elements of a ring. Suppose that S is a monoid with the property that, for all $s\in S$, there exist only finitely many ordered pairs $(t,u)\in S\times S$ for which $tu=s$.
Let R be a ring. Then the total algebra of S over R is the set $R^{S}$ of all functions $\alpha :S\to R$ with the addition law given by the (pointwise) operation:
    $(\alpha +\beta )(s)=\alpha (s)+\beta (s)$
and with the multiplication law given by:
    $(\alpha \cdot \beta )(s)=\sum _{tu=s}\alpha (t)\beta (u).$
The sum on the right-hand side has finite support, and so is well-defined in R.
These operations turn $R^{S}$ into a ring. There is an embedding of R into $R^{S}$, given by the constant functions, which turns $R^{S}$ into an R-algebra.
An example is the ring of formal power series, where the monoid S is the natural numbers. The product is then the Cauchy product.
# Sally McCormick

Sally Priscilla Anna McCormick is a New Zealand biochemistry academic. She is currently a full professor at the University of Otago.

## Academic career

After a 1992 PhD thesis titled 'Hypobetalipoproteinaemia and truncated forms of human apolipoprotein B' at Lincoln University, she moved to the University of Otago, rising to full professor in 2016.

## Selected works

* Murphy, Andrew J., Kevin J. Woollard, Anh Hoang, Nigora Mukhamedova, Roslynn A. Stirzaker, Sally PA McCormick, Alan T. Remaley, Dmitri Sviridov, and Jaye Chin-Dusting. "High-density lipoprotein reduces the human monocyte inflammatory response." Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 28, no. 11 (2008): 2071–2077.
* Stafforini, Diana M., Larry W. Tjoelker, Sally PA McCormick, Darius Vaitkus, Thomas M. McIntyre, Patrick W. Gray, Stephen G. Young, and Stephen M. Prescott. "Molecular basis of the interaction between plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase and low density lipoprotein." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 11 (1999): 7018–7024.
* Dichek, Helén L., Walter Brecht, Jianglin Fan, Zhong-Sheng Ji, Sally PA McCormick, Hassibullah Akeefe, LoriAnna Conzo et al. "Overexpression of hepatic lipase in transgenic mice decreases apolipoprotein B-containing and high density lipoproteins Evidence that hepatic lipase acts as a ligand for lipoprotein uptake." Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, no. 4 (1998): 1896–1903.
* McCormick, S. P., Jennifer K. Ng, Stacy Taylor, Laura M. Flynn, Robert E. Hammer, and Stephen G. Young. "Mutagenesis of the human apolipoprotein B gene in a yeast artificial chromosome reveals the site of attachment for apolipoprotein (a)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, no. 22 (1995): 10147–10151.
* Jones, Gregory T., Andre M. Van Rij, Jennifer Cole, Michael JA Williams, Emma H. Bateman, Santica M. Marcovina, Meiying Deng, and Sally PA McCormick. "Plasma lipoprotein (a) indicates risk for 4 distinct forms of vascular disease." Clinical chemistry 53, no. 4 (2007): 679–685.
# Tom Dinwoodie

Thomas Linn Dinwoodie (born November 15, 1954) is a cleantech entrepreneur, inventor, and founder of SunPower Corporation Systems (formerly PowerLight Corporation). He holds a long-standing interest in accelerating the transition to clean energy and other climate-sustaining practices. Dinwoodie is also an architect.

## Early business initiatives

From 1978 to 1983, Dinwoodie was a research assistant at the MIT Energy Laboratory, where he authored numerous papers on the economics and policy of distributed solar and wind generation, as well as flywheel energy storage.
In 1981, Dinwoodie was awarded a contract from the U.S. DOE for development of an ultra-low-cost, polymer solar thermal collector.
He was founder, president and CEO of TDEnergy, a wind power developer in the U.S. Northeast, from 1982 to 1988. TDEnergy constructed one of the earliest New England wind power facilities in Canaan, NH.
Dinwoodie then founded PowerLight Corporation in 1994, and served as its CEO and chairman of the board from 1995 to 2007. PowerLight was a global manufacturer, supplier, and systems integrator of solar products and services for the residential, commercial, and utility sectors. In 2004, PowerLight was inducted into the INC 500 Hall of Fame. PowerLight merged with SunPower Corporation in 2007, where Dinwoodie served as CEO and later CTO for the subsidiary, SunPower Corporation, Systems. SunPower produces high-efficiency solar cells and modules.
Dinwoodie holds over 30 patents on PV-related products.

## Education

Dinwoodie holds a BS in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Cornell University, an MS from the department of mechanical engineering from MIT, and an MArch in architecture from the University of California at Berkeley.

## Current business initiatives

Dinwoodie is executive producer of Time to Choose, a film by Charles Ferguson that seeks to raise awareness of the causes of, and solutions to, climate change. The film released in June, 2016.
Dinwoodie is or has been an advisor to, board member, seed investor or founder of a range of clean-tech startups, spanning wind and solar technologies, electric transportation, off-grid micropower, financial services, and clean utilities. These companies include AllPower Labs, Ethical Electric, Etrion Corporation, Fenix Int’l, Keystone Tower Systems, Mosaic, MyDomino, NEW GmbH, NEXTracker, PowerLight, SCOOT, Sistine Solar, Sungevity, SunPower Systems, Solar Grid Storage, and TDEnergy.
Dinwoodie serves as lead independent trustee of the Rocky Mountain Institute, a nonprofit think-and-do tank focused on solutions for the transition to a clean energy economy. He also serves on the Sierra Club's Climate Cabinet and Scientific Advisory Panel, the MIT Mechanical Engineering Visiting Committee, and the advisory board to The Solutions Project, and is an advisor to the MIT Energy Club.
# Popol Ace

Popol Vuh, later known as Popol Ace, was a 1970s Norwegian progressive rock band from Oslo, that became popular in the 1970s Norwegian rock scene with such songs as "All We Have Is the Past", "Queen of all Queens" and "Music Box". The band was originally a larger jazz-rock inspired act that featured a brass section named Arman Sumpe Dur Express. The horn players left the group and they named the new band Popol Vuh. The band later changed its name to Popol Ace to avoid confusion with the German band Popol Vuh. In 1972 they won Norway's Grammy award, the Spellemannprisen, for the Group category. The band's downfall came with the lead singer Jahn Teigen leaving the band for a solo career.
In 2017 they were inducted into Norway's Rockheim rock music hall of fame. Grappa Musikkforlag released the 3LP box set It Was 50 Years Ago Today on November 11, 2022 featuring live recordings taken from Sveriges Radio and NRK's archives. Sven Ohrvik played keyboards on tracks 11-20. In 2023, French progressive rock label Musea Records reissued Stolen From Time in a remastered version.

## Last line-up

* Jahn Teigen – vocals
* Pete Knutsen – guitar, keyboards
* Arne Schulze – guitar
* Terje Methi – bass
* Thor Andreassen – drums and percussion
* Pjokken Eide – flute, trombone

## Honors
### Spellemannsprisen

* Spellemannprisen 1972 won in the class Group

### Other

* 2017: Rockheim Hall of Fame inductees

## Discography

as Popol Vuh
* 1972 Popol Vuh, Polydor 2923 009
* 1973 Quiche Maya, Polydor 2382 038
as Popol Ace
* 1975 Stolen From Time, Polydor 2480 332
* 1978 Curly Sounds, Polydor 2383 498
* 1994 Cat of 9 Tales, Polydor 523908-2 (compilation)
* 2003 All We Have, Universal/Polydor (albums 1-4 + 5th disc of rarities)
* 2006 The Best of Popol Ace, Universal (compilation)
* 2022 It Was 50 Years Ago Today, Grappa GRLP4748-1 (LP)
* 2023 Stolen From Time, Musea Records FGBG 5067 (CD + LP)
# Enyelbert Soto

Enyelbert Soto (born August 20, 1982 in Maracaibo, Venezuela) is a former professional baseball pitcher. Soto played for the Chunichi Dragons and Yokohama DeNA BayStars in Nippon Professional Baseball from 2011 to 2014. He played for the Gunma Diamond Pegasus in Japan's Baseball Challenge League in 2015 and 2016.
Soto played in the Houston Astros minor league system from 2004 to 2007.
# E-Arsenal

E-Arsenal was an Estonian arms manufacturing company operating in Tallinn from 1994 to 2012.

## History

In 1910, the electromechanic company Russian Admiralty Arsenal (Estonian: Vene Admiraliteedi Arsenal) was founded.
In 1920, the company was renamed to Arsenal. After the Second World War, Arsenal factories housed a Soviet weapons factory. Aleksander Silberg became the head of Arsenal until 1925.
In 1926, the Arsenal Submachine gun was designed and produced by Arsenal. The Arsenal Crossley (M 27/28) armored car was produced from 1926 to 1928, the engines being produced by Crossley Motors, and 13 being assembled in the Arsenal factory and used in the Estonian Army. Arsenal also had a prototype of the Arsenal Tallinn M1938, which never saw mass production due to the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states.
From 1994 to 2009, a new state-owned company was founded on the foundations of Arsenal, and the company was owned by the Ministry of Defense. In 2009, the company was renamed E-Arsenal.
In 2012, the Ministry of Defense liquidated E-Arsenal.

## Legacy

A shopping center, Arsenal Centre [et] (Estonian: Arsenali Keskus), was opened in Põhja-Tallinn on Erika Street in 2016, in the former Arsenal building.
# Bottino

Bottino is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cecilia Bottino, Uruguayan lawyer and politician
* Filippo Bottino (1888–1969), Italian heavyweight weightlifter
* Louis Bottino (1907–1979), American educator and politician
* Nestor Bottino (born 1955), Argentine-born American architect
# Hattie Ladbury

Harriet Louise Ladbury (known as Hattie Ladbury) (20 May 1974 – 20 January 2022) was a British actress.

## Early life

Ladbury was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, in 1974, to Roger Ladbury and Jean Scott. She grew up in Britford, and attended South Wilts Grammar School for Girls. She joined the Salisbury youth theatre group Stage '65 at the age of 10, and was trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where she won the drama gold medal. She then spent a year with the Forest Forge theatre company at Ringwood.

## Stage work

Ladbury's stage work included Catherine Winslow in The Winslow Boy and Silvia in The Game of Love and Chance at the Salisbury Playhouse; Marlene in Top Girls at the Oxford Stage Company; Gwendolen Fairfax in The Importance of Being Earnest at the Bath Theatre Royal; Luciana in The Comedy of Errors at the Sheffield Crucible; Amanda in Private Lives at the Chichester Festival Theatre; Beatrice in Much Ado about Nothing at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch; and Hester in The Deep Blue Sea at the Watermill Theatre, Newbury. She performed in five productions at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre: Josephine Vanderwater in Lady, Be Good (2007), Helena in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2007), Lady Macduff in Macbeth (2007), Maudie Atkinson in To Kill a Mockingbird (2013) and Mum / Geraldine in Running Wild (2016). In 2018 she was cast as Sophie in Nine Night at the National Theatre and then on West End transfer. Three weeks before her death, she performed as the Duke in Measure for Measure at the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, in a performance described by The Guardian's Arifa Akbar as "stately and mischievous".

## Film and television

Her television work included roles in Sherlock, Jenny in EastEnders, Nurse Banks in Call the Midwife, Scarlett Lyle and Kim Felix in Holby City, Penny Dear, Martha Newman and Nina Fraser in Doctors, Interviewer in Hollyoaks, Miss Keneally in Casualty 1906, Cathy Hewlett in Midsomer Murders, Viv in The Worst Week of My Life, PC Paula Redwin in Family Affairs, and Heidi in Casualty.
Her film work included Beth in The Black Forest, Rich Woman in A Street Cat Named Bob, Princess Alice in Mrs Brown, and the short films Death of a Pet and Emily.

## Personal life

Ladbury married Oliver Fenwick, a lighting designer, in 2007; they had two children, Lucy and Ted. She died in 2022, aged 47, from cancer.
# Helen Morris Lewis

Helen Morris Lewis (December 7, 1852 – August 19, 1933) was an American suffragist based in North Carolina. She was the first woman in North Carolina to seek elected office, when she ran for a municipal office in Asheville in 1899.

## Early life

Helen Morris Lewis was born in Charleston, South Carolina, one of the ten children of John Williams Lewis and Anna Raven Vander Horst Lewis. She was a descendant of Lewis Morris, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and also of Arnoldus Vander Horst, an eighteenth-century South Carolina governor. During the American Civil War, she fled Charleston for Columbia, South Carolina with her family; her mother died in childbirth during their flight, and the surviving children sought refuge in Aiken. After the war, she attended St. Mary's School.

## Career

As a young woman, Helen Morris Lewis gave recitals as an elocutionist in various states, to some critical acclaim, with newspapers noting her "undoubted dramatic talent." Her tour was marred when she was the victim of fraud.
In the 1890s, she and her sister Raven, both unmarried, started a boarding house in Asheville. They also taught music to supplement their income. In 1894, the Lewis sisters gathered several dozen residents of Asheville, men and women, at the mayor's house, and founded North Carolina's first equal suffrage association. Helen Morris Lewis was elected president of the association. The following year she attended the National American Woman Suffrage Association meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, representing North Carolina, and returned in 1896 when the meeting was held in Washington, D. C. She also spoke to the Senate Committee on Woman Suffrage during that trip. "I want to vote because so long as women are prevented from legislation, so long will they be cramped and paralyzed by powers over which they have no control," Lewis said to summarize her motivations for suffrage work.
In 1896, Helen Morris Lewis received five votes for a seat in Congress, despite never having run for the office. She did announce her candidacy in 1899 for Superintendent of Waterworks in Asheville, making her the first North Carolina woman to seek elective office. She received four votes. By 1900, the suffrage association she founded had disbanded.

## Personal life

Helen Morris Lewis and her sister left Asheville in 1906, and started an inn near Summerville, South Carolina in 1912. Helen died at a summer house in Asheville in 1933; her remains were interred in Charleston at St. Lawrence Catholic Cemetery. She was 80 years old at the time of her death. Her sister Raven Lewis was her heir.
# Total angular momentum quantum number

In quantum mechanics, the total angular momentum quantum number parametrises the total angular momentum of a given particle, by combining its orbital angular momentum and its intrinsic angular momentum (i.e., its spin).
If s is the particle's spin angular momentum and ℓ its orbital angular momentum vector, the total angular momentum j is $\mathbf {j} =\mathbf {s} +{\boldsymbol {\ell }}~.$
The associated quantum number is the main total angular momentum quantum number j. It can take the following range of values, jumping only in integer steps: $\vert \ell -s\vert \leq j\leq \ell +s$ where ℓ is the azimuthal quantum number (parameterizing the orbital angular momentum) and s is the spin quantum number (parameterizing the spin).
The relation between the total angular momentum vector j and the total angular momentum quantum number j is given by the usual relation (see angular momentum quantum number) $\Vert \mathbf {j} \Vert ={\sqrt {j\,(j+1)}}\,\hbar$
The vector's z-projection is given by $j_{z}=m_{j}\,\hbar$ where m$_j$ is the secondary total angular momentum quantum number, and the $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant. It ranges from −j to +j in steps of one. This generates 2j + 1 different values of m$_j$.
The total angular momentum corresponds to the Casimir invariant of the Lie algebra so(3) of the three-dimensional rotation group.
# Cooley

Cooley may refer to:
* Cooley (surname), a surname (and a list of people with the surname)
* Cooley Distillery, an Irish whiskey distillery
* Cooley LLP, a Silicon Valley–based law firm
* Cooley Peninsula, Ireland
* Cooley High School, Detroit, Michigan, United States
* Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, Michigan, United States
* McNary, Arizona, formerly known as Cooley
* Cooley, County Tyrone, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland