OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Dawson (mayor)

William Dawson (born in Ireland), was mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, from 1878 to 1881. He was born in County Cavan, Ireland on October 1, 1825. He was a successful banker. When he was elected as mayor, he became the first mayor to be Irish in Saint Paul. He died on February 19, 1901. He died poor after his Bank of Minnesota failed five years before he died. There is a two-acre park named after him in Saint Paul. He is the namesake of the city of Dawson, Minnesota.
# Puxian opera

Puxian opera (traditional Chinese: 莆仙戲; simplified Chinese: 莆仙戏), also known as Xinghua opera (traditional Chinese: 興化戲; simplified Chinese: 兴化戏) or Hinghwa opera, is a variety of Chinese opera from Putian, Fujian province, China. It enjoys a good popularity in Putian, but is endangered just like Puxian Min and other Chinese operas.
# Goulburn Rail Heritage Centre

The Goulburn Rail Heritage Centre is located at the heritage-listed former railway workshops in Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia, on the Main Southern railway line. Now a museum, it is also known as the Goulburn Rail Workshop and Goulburn Roundhouse. The workshops were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The workshops were saved from demolition by the Goulburn Locomotive Roundhouse Preservation Society and is now a museum open to the public with large collection of rolling stock and various exhibits, as well as privately owned locomotives and carriages with some commercial repair work happening on site.

## History

Following the completion of the first railway from Sydney to Parramatta Junction in 1855, proposals for the first railways to the rest of NSW included a line to the inland centre of Goulburn. A single line from Marulan to Goulburn opened on 27 May 1869.
A depot was built by the New South Wales Government Railways on the southern outskirts of the town when the line from Sydney was opened to Goulburn in May 1869. In 1918, a 42 road roundhouse opened.
Associated railway structures at Goulburn included the goods shed (1868), carriage shed (1869), engine shed (1869), a coal stage, water pump, turntable, and the station master’s residence (1870).
The roundhouse was constructed of brick and corrugated iron in 1918 around a 27.4 metres (90 feet) electric-powered turntable.
The locomotive depot closed in July 1986 with its allocation of locomotives transferred to Junee Locomotive Depot, but remained as a stabling and refueling point for a few years. Goulburn City Council took out a lease on the roundhouse hoping to establish a national rail museum.
The Goulburn Roundhouse Museum became home to several preserved locomotives with the New South Wales Rail Transport Museum transferring 2419 from Thirlmere in August 1989.
In 1980, a wagon building and maintenance facility was constructed to the north of the roundhouse. In July 2006 this was transferred to UGL Rail. Following UGL Rail deciding to close the workshop in June 2010, in September 2010 Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia signed a ten-year lease for the site to maintain both its locomotive and wagon fleets. As well as maintaining its own fleet, Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia also perform maintenance for other operators including Aurizon.

## Museum exhibits

The Museum has a collection of railway locomotives, carriages, wagons and other railway equipment including:
Other Locomotives
* 48 Class diesel locomotive 4821 (operational)
* General Electric Bo-Bo L80T diesel locomotive D1 (under restoration)
* Clyde Engineering Co-Co GM12 Class diesel locomotive GM19 (owned by RailPower)
* Beyer, Peacock & Co 4-6-0 C32 class steam locomotive 3237 (Operational, owned by Lachlan Valley Railway)

## Gallery

* Locomotive 4821
* Wheel Lathe
* Locomotive 3085
* Signalling Display
* General Electric Bo-Bo L80T
* Telegraphy
* Breakdown Crane 1072
* Carriages
* Entrance
* Carriage under restoration
* Heritage boundaries
# Tin(IV) nitrate

Tin(IV) nitrate is a salt of tin with nitric acid. It is a volatile white solid, subliming at 40 °C under a vacuum. Unlike other nitrates, it reacts with water to produce nitrogen dioxide.

## Structure

It is structurally very similar to titanium(IV) nitrate, with the only major difference being the Sn–O bond(2.161 Å) being slightly longer than the Ti–O bond(2.068 Å).

## Production

It was first prepared in the 1960s. Tin(IV) chloride was added to dinitrogen pentoxide at -78 °C, which produced tin(IV) nitrate and nitryl chloride:
    SnCl$_4$ + 4 N$_2$O$_5$ → Sn(NO$_3$)$_4$ + 4 NO$_2$Cl
Attempts to prepare this compound by reacting tin(II) oxide and nitric acid resulted in a formation of tin(II) nitrate hydroxide.

## Reactions

This compound is sensitive to water, it hydrolyzes into tin(IV) oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Tin(IV) nitrate reacts with trifloroacetic acid anhydride to yield (NO$_2$$^+$)$_2$[Sn(OOCCF$_3$)$_6$$^{2−}$] which is a nitronium salt. With trifluoroacetic acid a similar compound solvated with trifluoroacetic acid is produced.
It also reacts with acetic anhydride or acetic acid to produce tin(IV) acetate and with nitric oxide to produce tin(IV) oxynitrate.
The reaction of tin(IV) nitrate with triphenylphosphine and triphenylarsine yields dinitratotin(IV)bis(diphenylphosphonate) and dinitratotin(IV)bis(diphenylarsonate).
# Peter Eckerstrom

Peter J. Eckerstrom (born October 8, 1960) is a Judge of the Arizona Court of Appeals, Division Two, having been appointed to the post in 2003.
Born in St. James, Minnesota, Eckerstrom received his Bachelor of Arts magna cum laude from Yale University in 1982 and his Juris Doctor with Distinction from Stanford Law School in 1986. In 2018, he received a Master of Laws in Judicial Studies from the Duke University School of Law. His thesis for that degree, "The Garland Nomination, the Senate's Duty and the Surprising Lessons of Constitutional Text" has been published by the University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional law. 21 PA.J.Const.L 33 (2018)
Obtaining his license to practice law in California in 1986 and in Arizona in 1988, Eckerstrom was an Assistant Public Defender in Pima County, Arizona from 1988 to 1994. He was a criminal defense attorney from 1994 until 2003, when he was appointed to the Court of Appeals.
In June 2014, the judges of Division Two of the Court of Appeals selected Eckerstrom to be the Chief Judge of that court for a five-year term.
Eckerstrom resides in Tucson.
# Druitt

Druitt is a British surname. It originates from the old French words and names dru (lover), Drue and/or Druet, and is related to the name Drew. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cecil Druitt (1874–1921), Bishop of Grafton in Australia
* George Druitt (1775–1842), Australian pioneer and soldier
* Montague Druitt (1857–1888), one of the suspects in the Jack the Ripper murders
* Robert Druitt (1814–1883), British medical writer
* Tobias Druitt, British author of fantasy novels
# Gmina Wizna

Gmina Wizna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wizna, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Łomża and 54 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
The gmina covers an area of 133.05 square kilometres (51.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 4,313 (4,344 in 2011).
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Łomża Landscape Park.

## Villages

Gmina Wizna contains the villages and settlements of Boguszki, Bronowo, Janczewo, Jarnuty, Kokoszki, Kramkowo, Lisno, Małachowo, Męczki, Mrówki, Nart, Nieławice, Niwkowo, Nowe Bożejewo, Podkosacze, Ruś, Rusiniec, Rutki, Rutkowskie, Sambory, Sieburczyn, Srebrowo, Stare Bożejewo, Wierciszewo, Witkowo, Wizna, Włochówka and Zanklewo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Wizna is bordered by the gminas of Jedwabne, Łomża, Piątnica, Rutki, Trzcianne and Zawady.
# Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki

Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, German Gemeinde Groß Döbern is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Dobrzeń Wielki, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of the regional capital Opole.
The gmina covers an area of 91.42 square kilometres (35.3 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 9,457. Since 2009 the commune, like much of the surrounding area, has been a bilingual commune in German and Polish.
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Stobrawa Landscape Park.

## Villages

Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki contains the villages and settlements of: Dobrzeń Wielki, Borki, Brzezie, Chróścice, Czarnowąsy, Dobrzeń Mały, Krzanowice, Kup, Świerkle.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki is bordered by the city of Opole and by the gminas of Dąbrowa, Łubniany, Murów, Pokój and Popielów.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki is twinned with two other towns, these being:
* Heuchelheim, Germany
* Wil, Switzerland
# Percent (EP)

Percent is the eighth extended play by South Korean girl group Apink, released by Play M Entertainment on January 7, 2019. The EP features six tracks, with "%% (Eung Eung)" serving as the title track.

## Composition

Billboard's Tamar Herman defines the title track "%% (Eung Eung)" as a lush, ‘80s-influenced dance track.

## Awards and nominations

Music program wins :
| Song | Program | Date |
| "%% (Eung Eung)" | Show Champion | January 16, 2019 |
| "%% (Eung Eung)" | M Countdown | January 17, 2019 |
| "%% (Eung Eung)" | Inkigayo | January 20, 2019 |

## Accolades

Year-end lists :
| Publisher | Year | Listicle | Work | Rank | Ref. |
| Billboard | 2019 | Best K-Pop Songs of 2020 | "%% (Eung-Eung)" | 2 | |
| Dazed | 2019 | The 20 Best K-Pop Songs of 2019 | "%% (Eung-Eung)" | 11 | |

## Commercial performance

The EP debuted at number three on the Gaon Album Chart in South Korea.

## Charts

Sales chart performance for Percent :
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 3 |
| US World Albums (Billboard) | 14 |
Sales and streaming chart performance for "%% (Eung Eung)" :
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| South Korea (Gaon) | 17 |
| South Korea (K-pop Hot 100) | 14 |
| US World Digital Songs (Billboard) | 8 |
# Applied Research in Patacriticism

The Applied Research in Patacriticism (ARP) was a digital humanities lab based at the University of Virginia founded and run by Jerome McGann and Johanna Drucker. ARP's open-source tools include Juxta, IVANHOE, and Collex. Collex is the social software and faceted browsing backbone of the NINES federation. ARP was funded by the Mellon Foundation.

## Projects
### IVANHOE

IVANHOE is an open source electronic role-playing game for educational use. It was developed by ARP at the University of Virginia. It is so named because Sir Walter Scott's novel, Ivanhoe, was used as the source text for the very first IVANHOE game. IVANHOE is notable as an example of the use of ludic or game-related techniques in higher education in the humanities.

### NINES

NINES is the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship, a scholarly organization in British and American nineteenth-century studies supported by ARP, a software development group assembling a suite of critical and editorial tools for digital scholarship. It was founded in 2003 by Jerome McGann at the University of Virginia.
NINES serves as a clearinghouse for peer-reviewed digital resources, which can be collected, annotated, and re-used in online "exhibits." It is powered by open-source Collex software.
In 2011, the NINES model was expanded to include a sister site in eighteenth-century studies, called 18thConnect.

### Collex

Collex is an open source social software and faceted browsing tool designed for digital humanities. It includes folksonomy features and is under construction at ARP. The first release of Collex is used in the NINES initiative, but it is a generalizable tool that can be applied to other subject domains. Collex is an early example of a scholar-driven Library 2.0 initiative and, like NINES, was conceived as a response to economic problems in tenure and academic publishing.

### Juxta

Juxta is an open-source tool for performing bibliographical collations for scholarly use in textual criticism. It was developed by ARP at the University of Virginia under the direction of textual theorist Jerome McGann. The original application was a Java-based client available for free download.
In October 2012, the Research and Development team at NINES released Juxta Commons, a fully online version of the software.
# Cheirodontops

Cheirodontops geayi is a species of characin endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the Orinoco River basin. It is the only member of its genus. This species can be found in a freshwater environment within a benthopelagic range. They are native to tropical climates. The average length of an unsexed male is about 4 cm (1.5 in).
# Pythagorean

Pythagorean, meaning of or pertaining to the ancient Ionian mathematician, philosopher, and music theorist Pythagoras, may refer to:

## Philosophy

* Pythagoreanism, the esoteric and metaphysical beliefs purported to have been held by Pythagoras
* Neopythagoreanism, a school of philosophy reviving Pythagorean doctrines that became prominent in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD
* Pythagorean diet, the name for vegetarianism before the nineteenth century

## Mathematics

* Pythagorean theorem
* Pythagorean triple
* Pythagorean prime
* Pythagorean trigonometric identity
* Table of Pythagoras, another name for the multiplication table

## Music

* Pythagorean comma
* Pythagorean hammers
* Pythagorean tuning

## Other uses

* Pythagorean cup
* Pythagorean expectation, a baseball statistical term
* Pythagorean letter
# Poema de Yuçuf

The Poema de Yuçuf or Poema de Yusuf is an anonymous poem written in Aragonese in the Aljamiado Arabic script from the fourteenth century. It was written in a strophic form called "cuaderna vía" by a Morisco poet. The text was discovered incomplete, but 380 verses have been preserved.

## Manuscripts and origins

The poem has been passed on two codices. The most complete is Manuscript B, written, according to Ramón Menéndez Pidal in a very hispanicised Aragonese, while Manuscript A uses phonetic, morphosyntactic, and lexical features more typical of Aragonese. According to Menéndez Pidal, the poem dates from approximately the second half of the fourteenth century, and is directed toward mudéjars.

## Summary

The poem recounts the story of the patriarch Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, not as recorded in the Old Testament but rather in the Islamic tradition. Its content reflects a commentary on Sūrat Yūsuf—the twelfth sūrah of the Qur'an—and Golden Legend by Jacobus de Voragine and the Sēfer ha-Yāšār—a Hebrew midrash and collection of legends.
The poem relates the story of Joseph (Yuçuf) and the jealousy he aroused in his brothers, who mistreated him and abandoned him. Yuçuf was sold as a slave and brought to Egypt, where he is trained by Zalifa, the wife of Potiphar. She, along with her ladies, fall in love with Yuçuf, in part due to their admiration for his miracles and predictions. His brothers and father believe him dead, but a wolf reveals to Jacob that his favourite son is still alive. Yuçuf falls into disgrace and is imprisoned, but his ability to interpret the dreams of the servants of the king wins his freedom. The story ends (in Manuscript B, the more complete of the two) with the summoning of his brothers to Egypt, the anagnorisis of his younger brother Benjamin, who loved Yuçuf so much, and the return of the others, ashamed by their earlier behaviour.

## Style

According to Antonio Pérez Lasheras, the poem shines with the poet's emotional expressive ability. He highlights passages of lyrical intensity, despite the poet's obligation to conform to the well-known development of the narrative. He provides as an example Yuçuf's lament, after he has been beaten and caned by his brothers (strophe 17):
Later, we find another lyrical description of the landscape and environment, a rare occurrence in romance literature of this period, though less so for the Andalusian tradition (strophe 59):
# Conrad Roland

Conrad Roland (Konrad Roland Lehmann; 1934 – 25 September 2020) was a German architect and pioneer of the construction of space nets (tensile structures), which primarily are to be found as rope climbing frames on playgrounds. In 1978 he designed and constructed the biggest spacenet of the world until today, the Super Four Mast Spacenet, for the Federal Horticultural Show (BUGA).

## Life

Roland was born in München. After his final secondary-school examinations, he completed an apprenticeship as a carpenter. From 1954 until 1963 he studied architecture at Technical University of Munich, at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago and at TU Berlin. During his studies from 1959 till 1961 he was an assistant in Mies van der Rohe's office in Chicago.
In 1963 Roland began to work self-employed in Berlin. He mainly compiled studies, projects and documentations on Hanging-houses and Spacenets. The plans for the construction of a sports stadium in Abu Dhabi, which he developed in co-operation with Jörn-Peter Schmidt-Thomsen in the 1960s, won the tendering competition, but has never been realized.
The subject of spatial net architecture was elaborately covered in his book publication Frei Otto – Spannweiten (1965). A scholarship of the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts, Chicago allowed the work of this monograph. In 1967 Roland worked as guest lecturer in Portsmouth; in 1967 and 1969 he held lectures on “Hanging Houses” in Canada and the United States.
From 1970 onwards the architect devoted himself to the development of the Play-Spacenets. His accomplishments concerning this principle of construction have been honoured with several prizes in and outside the country. In 1974 Roland founded the company “Conrad Roland Spielbau”, which planned and constructed rope play equipment and climbing nets from 1974 until 1985. The succeeding corporation COROCORD Raumnetz GmbH has been carrying the initial letters of his name in the corporate name until today.
Already in 1975 the “Super Two Mast Spacenet” came into being for the Federal Horticultural Show (BUGA) in Mannheim, Germany. For the BUGA in Düsseldorf in 1987 Roland constructed the biggest Spacenet of the world until today, the “Super Four Mast Spacenet” in Südpark Düsseldorf, which is still in use after remedial maintenance in 2007. Predominantly, the architect developed Spacenets for playgrounds. In his publication, such as the patent specification for “Spatial Networks” in 1974, Conrad Roland revealed the multitude of applicability of the Spacenets: e.g. multi-level sun terraces, trellis, summer houses, beach and exhibition pavilions or as frame structure for exhibition spaces and sales areas, seat and reclining furniture and also work scaffoldings.
Since 1987 Roland lived in Hawaii.
# Dream Number 29

Dream Number 29 is the seventh album by Cindy Bullens, released on Blue Rose Records in 2005. This album was produced by Bullens herself and Ray Kennedy. It also includes "Dream #29" with Delbert McClinton, featuring Elton John on piano.

## Track listing

* "Oriental Silk"
* "Jellico Highway"
* "Box of Broken Heart"
* "Paper & Glass"
* "Dream 29 (One True Love)"
* "Mockingbird Hill"
* "7 Days"
* "This Ain´t Love"
* "Too Close to the Sun"
* "Love Letter from Las Vegas"
* "January Sky"
# Gmina Witkowo

Gmina Witkowo is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Witkowo, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-east of Gniezno and 59 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
The gmina covers an area of 184.4 square kilometres (71.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,446 (out of which the population of Witkowo amounts to 7,855, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,591).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Witkowo, Gmina Witkowo contains the villages and settlements of Chłądowo, Ćwierdzin, Czajki, Dębina, Folwark, Gaj, Głożyny, Gorzykowo, Jaworowo, Kamionka, Kołaczkowo, Królewiec, Krzyżówka, Mąkownica, Małachowo-Kępe, Małachowo-Szemborowice, Małachowo-Wierzbiczany, Małachowo-Złych Miejsc, Malenin, Mielżyn, Odrowąż, Ostrowite Prymasowskie, Piaski, Popielarze, Raszewo, Ruchocin, Ruchocinek, Skorzęcin, Skorzęcin-Nadleśnictwo, Sokołowo, Stary Dwór, Strzyżewo Witkowskie, Wiekowo, Wierzchowiska and Witkówko.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Witkowo is bordered by the gminas of Gniezno, Niechanowo, Orchowo, Powidz, Strzałkowo, Trzemeszno and Września.
# Piney Creek Falls

Piney Creek Falls is a 95 feet (29 m) waterfall located along Piney Creek, a mile or so above its confluence with Cane Creek. A trail leads an overlook above the falls. There is no trail to the base of the falls which can only be accessed by rappel or a rugged hike up the Piney Creek Gorge. The falls are located near Spencer, Tennessee in Fall Creek Falls State Park.
# Baisha, Hunan

Baisha (Chinese: 白沙) is a town of Changning, Hunan, China. As of 2018, it has two residential communities and 15 villages under its administration.
# Soviet destroyer Bezzavetny (1951)

Bezzavetny was a Skory-class destroyer of the Soviet Navy which later transferred to the Indonesian Navy and renamed RI Sultan Iskandar Muda (304).

## Development

The development of the first post-war destroyer project based on the previous project 30 was entrusted to the TsKB-17 team. The composition of the armament was finally specified on November 28, 1945. The technical design materials and working drawings were developed under the leadership of the chief designer A. L. Fisher (deputies G. D. Agul, K. A. Maslennikov) in the new, recreated, TsKB-53. The technical design was approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 149-95 of January 28, 1947.
The lead ship of this project was accepted into the USSR Navy on December 21, 1949, on the occasion of J.V. Stalin's birthday. Engineer-Lieutenant Colonel A.T.

## Construction and career

The ship was built at Mykolayiv Shipyard in Nikolaev and was launched on 30 March 1951 and commissioned into the Black Sea Fleet on 11 November 1951.
She was decommissioned on 30 June 1959 and sold to the Indonesian Navy. She was renamed RI Sultan Iskandar Muda (304).
She was again retired from service in 1973.
# Blue scrotum sign of Bryant

The blue scrotum sign of Bryant, also known as Bryant's blue sign, is bruising of the scrotum, typically associated with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It generally appears three or four days after first experiencing pain, though may occur hours after and sometimes weeks after the rupture.
The sign is named after British physician John Henry Bryant, who first described it in 1903.

## Definition

Blue scrotum sign of Bryant is a medical sign associated with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that is leaking relatively slowly.

## Signs and symptoms

Bruising of one side or both sides of the scrotum may be seen three or four days after leakage of the aneurysm.

## Cause and mechanism

Rupture of the aneurysm causes blood to accumulate in the retroperitoneal space and extravasate into the scrotal tissue via the inguinal canal and spermatic cord.

## Epidemiology

The sign is uncommon.

## History

The sign was first described in 1903 by John Henry Bryant (1867–1906) in autopsies conducted on people who died from ruptured AAA.