OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Bell Macdonald

William Bell Macdonald (1807–1862) was a Scottish surgeon and linguist.

## Life

Macdonald, eldest son of Donald Macdonald, by Mary, daughter of William Bell of Rammerscales, near Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, was born in Scotland in 1807, and was educated at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated B.A. 1827. After studying medicine he served as surgeon in Sir Pulteney Malcolm's flagship in the Mediterranean from 1828 to 1831, and was afterwards a commissioner of supply.
On the death of an uncle named Bell he succeeded to the estate of Rammerscales, where he collected a large and valuable library. For some years he represented the burgh of Lochmaben in the general assembly of the church of Scotland. He died at 114 West Campbell Street, Glasgow, 5 December 1862, and was buried in Dalton churchyard.

## Publications

Macdonald had a reputation as a linguist, someone who could translate an old Scottish song into German, Latin, Greek, or Hebrew of his time. He studied the Coptic language.
* Lusus Philologici. Ex Museo Gul. B. Macdonald, Rammerscales, 1851.
* Ten Scottish Songs rendered into German, 1854.
* Sketch of a Coptic Grammar adapted for Self-Tuition, 1856.
* Philological Analysis Of Polysemy and Lexical Chicanery Present In Codex P. Kaufman 010169 Of The Murphy Gammon Collection Of Ancient Manuscripts Housed At T of I, 1862
To the Ray Society in 1846 he communicated reports on zoology and botany translated from German.

## Family

In 1839, Macdonald married Helen, third daughter of Thomas Johnstone of Underwood.
# Prosoplus sturninus

Prosoplus sturninus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1864. It is known from Moluccas.
# Covarion

| | Rate = 1 | Rate = 1 | Rate = 1 | Rate = 1 | Rate = 0 | Rate = 0 | Rate = 0 | Rate = 0 |
| | A1 | G1 | C1 | T1 | A0 | G0 | C0 | T0 |
| A1 | – | α | β | γ | δ | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| G1 | α | – | γ | β | 0 | δ | 0 | 0 |
| C1 | β | γ | – | α | 0 | 0 | δ | 0 |
| T1 | γ | β | α | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | δ |
| A0 | κδ | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| G0 | 0 | κδ | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 |
| C0 | 0 | 0 | κδ | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 |
| T0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | κδ | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
The method of covarions, or concomitantly variable codons, is a technique in computational phylogenetics that allows the hypothesized rate of molecular evolution at individual codons in a set of nucleotide sequences to vary in an autocorrelated manner. Under the covarion model, the rates of evolution on different branches of a hypothesized phylogenetic tree vary in an autocorrelated way, and the rates of evolution at different codon sites in an aligned set of DNA or RNA sequences vary in a separate but autocorrelated manner. This provides additional and more realistic constraints on evolutionary rates versus the simpler technique of allowing the rate of evolution on each branch to be selected randomly from a suitable probability distribution such as the gamma distribution. Covarions is a concrete form of the more general concept of heterotachy.
Developing a computational algorithm suitable for identifying sites with high evolutionary rates from a static dataset is a challenge due to the constraints of autocorrelation. The original statement of the method used a rough stochastic model of the evolutionary process designed to identify transiently high-variability codon sites. Abandoning the requirement that rates be autocorrelated on a given DNA or RNA molecule allows extension of substitution matrix methods to the covarion model.
The matrix at right represents a covarion-based modification to the three-parameter Kimura substitution model, where the vertical axis represents the original state and the horizontal axis the destination state. The two rates, 0 and 1, define a pair of mutation states; transitions can occur between state 0 and state 1 at any time, but nucleotides can only mutate in state 1. That is, the rate of mutation in state 0 is 0. Here α and β are the standard Kimura parameters for transition and transversion mutations, κδ is the rate of transition between a site being invariant (state 0) and variable (state 1), and δ is the rate of transition between a site being variable (state 1) and invariant (state 0). Because nucleotide sequences do not themselves reflect the difference between a 0 or 1 state, an observation of a given nucleotide is treated as ambiguous; that is, if a given site contains a C nucleotide, it is ambiguous between C0 and C1 states.
# Siphonaria australis

Siphonaria australis is a species of air-breathing sea snail or false limpet, a marine pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Siphonariidae, the false limpets.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand.
# Tuja

Tuja may refer to:
* Tuja (river), a river in Poland
* Tuja, Nowy Dwór Gdański County, a village in Poland
* KTRI Tuja, a Polish military vehicle
# Tarache huachuca

Tarache huachuca is a species of bird dropping moth in the family Noctuidae.
The MONA or Hodges number for Tarache huachuca is 9113.
# Ethopabate

Ethopabate is a coccidiostat used in poultry.
# Patu (disambiguation)

A patu is a generic term for a club or pounder used by the Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand.
Patu may also refer to:
* Patu (spider), genus of spiders in the family Symphytognathidae
* Kalateh-ye Mir Hasan, village in Iran also known as Patu
* Te Pātū, Māori tribe
* Police Anti-Terrorist Unit of the British South Africa Police in the Rhodesian Bush War
# Chondropoma auberianum

Chondropoma auberianum is a species of an operculate land snail, terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiidae.

## Distribution

This species lives in Cuba.

## Ecology

Chondropoma auberianum is a tree dwelling species.
Predators of Chondropoma auberianum include larvae of firefly bug Alecton discoidalis.
# William L. Distin

William L. Distin (August 1789 – September 30, 1879) was a Canadian municipal politician. He was mayor of Hamilton, Ontario in 1849.
Born in England, little is known of the life of William L. Distin. He first appears as an active member of the Hamilton community in 1849, when he was elected mayor and served on the building committee of Christ's Church. From 1849 until 1853 he was chairman of the board of trustees for Common Schools, and in that capacity he presided at the opening of Central School 2 May 1853. A supporter of Sir Allan MacNab, he is believed to have lived on King Street West, until his death in 1858.
# Church of St Peter and St Paul, Over Stowey

Church Of St Peter And St Paul in Over Stowey, Somerset, England, is the Anglican parish church for the ancient parish of Over Stowey, now part of the Quantock Villages Benefice in the Diocese of Bath and Wells.
The tower and part of the nave date from the 14th century. There is also 15th century work but the building was heavily restored and enlarged by Richard Carver (architect) in the 19th century. There are some fine carved oak bench ends typical of the area and an unusual monument to the brothers Rich (died 1813 and 1815) depicting agricultural implements and a beehive. Several windows are by Morris & Co including two which are designed by Edward Burne-Jones. One depicts the Angel of the Resurrection and the other a band of angelic musicians. Two of the six bells in the tower are medieval, from Exeter and one dated 1714.
Many of the monuments inside and outside the church are to members of the Labouchere and later Stanley family who built and occupied Quantock Lodge, owned much of the parish and funded the church restoration. A large granite cross in the churchyard is a memorial to Henry Stanley, cricketer and heir to the Quantock Lodge Estate who was killed in the Boer War.
The diarist William Holland was the vicar of Over Stowey from 1779 until his death in 1819.
In 2000 the church was featured on the Royal Mail's First Class Christmas Stamp
# Pseudocoremia fluminea

Pseudocoremia fluminea is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is classified as Not Threatened by the Department of Conservation.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by Alfred Philpott in 1926 and named Selidosema fluminea. Philpott and Stewart Lindsay discovered this species at Flora River on the track to Mount Arthur tableland at an altitude of approximately 1000m. In 1928, in his book The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand, George Hudson discussed the species as a synonym of Selidosema productata. Later in 1928 Philpott stated that the moth he described in 1926 was a separate species explaining that although both productata and fluminea were variable, fluminea could be distinguished from the former species by its shorter antennal pectinations and the difference in the male genitalia. Hudson accepted this and discussed and illustrated the species under the name S. fluminea in his 1939 publication A supplement to the butterflies and moths of New Zealand. In 1988 John S. Dugdale assigned the species to the genus Pseudocoremia. The holotype specimen is held at the New Zealand Arthropod Collection.

## Description

Philpott described the adult male of the species as follows:
   ♂ ♀. 34–38 mm. Head brownish-ochreous. Palpi brown. Antennae strongly bipectinated, five or six apical segments simple, stalk ochreous, pectinations fuscous. Thorax greyish-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous, slightly mixed with brown. Legs ochreous, sprinkled with fuscous, and with tibiae and tarsi broadly annulated with dark fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa moderately and evenly arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, oblique; dark brownish-fuscous, olive-tinted and strigulated with ochreous; first line from 1⁄4 costa to 1⁄3 dorsum, prominent, curved or obtusely angulated at middle, white; posterior to the lower half of this line is a large ochreous patch, sometimes extending across to second line; second line forming a broad hardly-curved white band, more or less tinted, except on inner edge, with ochreous, and with some fuscous strigulation, inner edge very irregular, outer edge entire; subterminal line thin, irregularly dentate, more or less interrupted at middle, white; a series of linear black dots round termen: fringes ochreous mixed with fuscous. Hindwings whitish-ochreous faintly sprinkled with fuscous and with a fuscous discal dot; an interrupted blackish line round termen : fringes pale ochreous.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand. This species is found all through northwest Nelson to Stockton Plateau. This species has also been recorded in north Canterbury on black beech.

## Biology and host species

This species is on the wing in January. The host species of the larvae of this moth is unknown. Adult moths frequent blossoms of Olearia and Hoheria galbrata. P. fluminea is itself a host for a species of wasp within the genus Dolichogenidea.

## Conservation status

This species has been classified under the New Zealand Threat Classification system as being Not Threatened.
# ETR Big Island Bridge

The ETR Big Island Bridge is a Pratt through truss bridge located near Green River, Wyoming, which carries Sweetwater County Road CN4-4 across the Green River. The bridge was built from 1909 to 1910 by contractor Charles G. Sheely. It was named the Big Island Bridge after the Big Island region of Wyoming, which the bridge connected to other parts of the state. The 352-foot (107 m), two-span bridge is one of the older Pratt through truss bridges in Wyoming, and its spans, each 155 feet (47 m) long, are some of the longest on bridges of this design in the state.
The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 22, 1985. It was one of several bridges added to the NRHP for their role in the history of Wyoming bridge construction.
# Siphonaria hispida

Siphonaria hispida is a species of air-breathing sea snail or false limpet, a marine pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Siphonariidae, the false limpets.
# Elvis Schoenberg's Orchestre Surreal

Elvis Schoenberg's Orchestre Surreal is a musical group founded in 1997 in Los Angeles. "Elvis Schoenberg" is the persona of composer Ross Wright.

## History

The Orchestre Surreal was created by Ross Wright who created "Elvis Schoenberg" as an alternate persona. He derived the name from Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg and American singer Elvis Presley. The group’s stated mission is to “boldly go where no orchestra has gone before.”
The group earned Best Rock Opera Of The Year, Best Orchestral Arranger, and Outstanding Performance Award by the Los Angeles Music Awards in 2003 and 2004. They have written and produced three fully staged musicals. The first, Dismembering the Classics, connected Shakespearian works with classic rock tunes. The next was Symphony Of the Absurd, which ran one night at the John Anson Ford Amphitheatre.
The group has also marched in the Pasadena Doo-Dah Parade.

## Configuration

The group was designed to be able to perform classical orchestral music, big band, and rock and roll. The ensemble consists of three woodwind sections, including a first section of three players who double on piccolo, flute, soprano and alto saxophone, a second section with a flute and tenor saxophone, and a third including a clarinet, bass clarinet, baritone saxophone, two French horns, two trumpets, a trombone, and a tuba. The band also includes an electric guitar player who also plays sitar, pipa, and other stringed, fretted instruments. There is a percussion section including keyboard, electric bass, and two mallet percussionists playing timpani and a wide assortment of hand percussion. Finally, there are two violins, a viola, a cello, and a contra bass. The size of the string section varies from 6 to 1 on a part.
Wright writes all the music for the group and is the group’s conductor.
Fronting the group are a variety of singers and performance artists, including Angela Carole Brown, Dan O’Callaghan, April Fissell, Susan Asbjornson, Jason Paige, and Becky Baeling. The musicians are working studio musicians who perform on Hollywood soundtracks of feature films.

## Critical reception

In a 2003 review of a performance at the Ford Amphitheatre, the Los Angeles Times wrote that the group was "not merely content to perform shotgun marriages between the likes of Wagner and Nancy Sinatra, Mussorgsky and Santana, etc., [Ross Wright] (er, [Elvis Schoenberg]) took on a more ambitious task Friday night at the Ford Amphitheatre -- a 'book musical' of a sort called 'Symphony of the Absurd!' It was, as Ed Sullivan would have said, 'a really big shew' in which Wright incorporated many of his set pieces and some newer numbers into a hellzapoppin' revue, with an eclectic assortment of dancers, sexy girls, pulp novel narrations, lighting effects, dry ice."

## Discography

* Air Surreal (1998)
* It's Alive (2003)
* Manic Voodoo Lady: Tribute To Jimi Hendrix (2009)
# Ponor (Pirot)

Ponor is a village in the municipality of Pirot, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 379 people.
# Ethopia

Ethopia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865.

## Species

* Ethopia gigantea Owada, 1986
* Ethopia roseilinea Walker, 1865
# ILQ

ILQ may refer to:
* The airport-code of the Ilo Airport in Peru.
* The abbreviation for InLine Qualified, a brand of bearings used in inline-skates.
* ILQ is an acronym for I Love Qatar.
* Lechang East railway station, China Railway telegraph code ILQ
# Chloride potassium symporter

The chloride potassium symporter is a membrane transport protein of the solute carrier family 12 that is present in the S3-segment of the renal proximal tubule and in the neuron. It functions in renal chloride reabsorption to transport chloride across the basolateral membrane. Chloride potassium symporter can lower intracellular chloride concentrations below the electrochemical equilibrium potential.
The concentrations of K$^+$ and Cl$^−$ ions are high inside the cell due to the activities of Na$^+$/K$^+$ ATPase and NKCC cotransporter, respectively. Hence, their net driving force acting on the K/Cl cotransporter favours the exit of both K$^+$ and Cl$^−$ from the cell.

## Types

Chloride potassium symporter are classified into:
* Chloride potassium symporter 4, predominating in the kidney.
* Chloride potassium symporter 5, predominating in neurons.
Each is encoded by a separate gene of the solute carrier family 12, hence accounting for the numbers succeeding its name. For example, chloride potassium symporter 5, or KCC2, is expressed through the SLC12A5 gene. Notably, symporters prior to 4 in the same family are other types of ion pumps. SLC12A3, for instance, is the sodium-chloride symporter.
# William Porteous

William Porteous is a Canadian-born Australian land developer and real estate agent.

## Biography

Born in Ottawa, Canada, Porteous was raised and educated in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He attended Simon Fraser University in British Columbia where he attained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Resource Management and Town Planning. He worked for a short time as a trainee stock broker trader before coming to Australia in September 1970, when he was employed by the Bond Corporation from 1971 to 1979 as their project manager for various large Bond Corporation ventures.
Porteous undertook several substantial property development projects of his own in Western Australia. In 1979 he accepted Acton Consolidated's offer to join their organization. He was appointed a director and partner of the Acton Group in 1983. In 2008, he embarked on his own and created William Porteous Properties International. Porteous specialises in prestige properties and developments. He is best known for his success in the top price range luxury properties and developments, especially in the Western suburbs, and as an auctioneer. In December 2009, he sold a property in Mosman Park for A$57.5 million, setting a record for the most expensive house ever sold in Australia.
On 25 June 1992, he married Perth socialite Rose Hancock whose former husband (deceased a few months earlier) was Lang Hancock, the iron ore magnate, William's friend.
# The Revolution EP

The Revolution EP is the third release on US label Sub Pop by Duluth, Minnesota based band, Retribution Gospel Choir. The EP was released on March 27, 2012.
# Pseudaclytia major

Pseudaclytia major is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1906. It is found in Peru.
# Tune of Li Zhongtang

National anthems of China :
| "Pu Tian Yue" (unofficial) | 1878–1896 |
| "Tune of Li Zhongtang" (unofficial) | 1896–1906 |
| "Praise the Dragon Flag" (unofficial) | 1906–1911 |
| "Cup of Solid Gold" | 1911–1912 |
| "Song of Five Races Under One Union" | 1912–1913 |
| "Song to the Auspicious Cloud" | 1913–1915 |
| "China Heroically Stands in the Universe" | 1915–1921 |
| "Song to the Auspicious Cloud" | 1921–1928 |
| "Three Principles of the People" | 1930–present |
| "The Internationale" | 1931–1937 |
| "March of the Volunteers" | 1949–present |
vte :
The Tune of Li Zhongtang (simplified Chinese: 李中堂乐; traditional Chinese: 李中堂樂; pinyin: Lǐ Zhōng táng Yuè) is the first semi-official national song of China, written by Li Hongzhang in 1896 during the Qing dynasty. As an unofficial anthem for the dynasty, it was so named because "Zhongtang" was a bureaucratic title meaning viceroy or grand secretary.

## History

In 1896, (the 22nd year of Guangxu), Li Hongzhang (李鴻章), Minister of Beiyang and Governor of Zhili, paid a diplomatic visit to Western Europe and Russia. As a national anthem was requested for the welcome ceremony, Li Hongzhang adopted a Tang dynasty poem by Wang Jian for the event.
As a former commander of the Beiyang Fleet, Li also wrote an anthem for it to the same tune.

## Lyrics
### Simplified Chinese

金殿当头紫阁重， 仙人掌上玉芙蓉， 太平天子朝天日， 五色云车驾六龙。

### Traditional Chinese

金殿當頭紫閣重， 仙人掌上玉芙蓉， 太平天子朝天日， 五色雲車駕六龍。

### Hanyu Pinyin

Jīndiàn dāng tóu zǐgè chóng,
Xiānrén zhǎng shàng yù fúróng,
Taìpíng Tiānzǐ cháo tiān rì,
Wǔ sè yúnchē jià liù lóng.

### English translation

In the Golden Palace, amongst the overlapping purple pavilions, Like a jade lotus flower in an immortal's palm, The Son of Heaven of Supreme Peace pays tribute to Heaven's sun, In its five-colour chariot of clouds, drawn by six dragons.
# Grauanthus

Grauanthus is a genus of African flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

## Species

* Grauanthus linearifolius (O.Hoffm.) Fayed - Tanzania, Kenya
* Grauanthus parviflorus Fayed - Tanzania, Zaire
# UD Quon

The UD Quon (kana: UD・クオン) is a heavy-duty commercial vehicle produced by the Japanese manufacturer UD Trucks. Quon was originally developed by Nissan Diesel Corporation with the world first implementation of Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to an automobile.

## History

First Generation (2004-2017) Quon was released on November 18, 2004 in Japan, as the successor of BigThumb. It is said that it was named for the term "Kuon (久遠)" with the same pronunciation, meaning "timeline forever" or "permanent". Not only equipped with SCR system, Quon was the world's first truck which has SRS knee airbag as standard equipment.
Second generation (2017- ) The second generation Quon was released in 2017. It has improved drivability with a new 11-litre GH11 (based on Volvo D11) and 8-litre GH8 (based on Volvo D8) diesel engine.

## Awards

* 2005: Jidōsha-gijyutukai Gijyutsu-kaihatsu-syō (自動車技術会 技術開発賞) (Techinology Development Award) from JSAE

## Line up

* CK 4x2
* CD 6x2R
* CV 6x2F
* CW 6x4
* CX 6x4 (low floor variant)
* CG 8x4
* CF 4x4
* CZ 6x6
* GK 4x2
* GW 6x4
* CV-P 6x2
* CW-P 6x4

## Engine

Quon engines using AdBlue Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction technology.
* MD92-TB Straight-6 OHC 9.203 cc 340HP
* MD92-TC Straight-6 OHC 370HP
* GH8 Straight-6 OHC 7.700cc 280HP
* GH11-TA Straight-6 OHC 10.836 cc 350HP
* GH11-TB Straight-6 OHC 380HP
* GH11-TC Straight-6 OHC 410HP
* GE13-TB Straight-6 OHC 13.074 cc 380HP
* GE13-TC Straight-6 OHC 410HP
* GE13-TD Straight-6 OHC 440HP
* GE13-TF Straight-6 OHC 520HP
# Aurélien

    see also Aurélien (given name), for individuals with the masculine given name.
Aurélien is a novel by Louis Aragon, the fourth of the Le Monde réel cycle. It was ranked 51st in Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century.

## Plot

Aurélien explores the moral quandaries and aesthetic diversions of its titular bourgeois hero. Through the lens of its protagonist, a forty-something who has never quite recovered from his experiences in the First World War, Aragon's novel depicts a forgotten and wayward inter-war generation, devoid of any definite identity. The action unfolds against a backdrop of the famous Roaring Twenties (complete with cameos from Picasso and the Dadaists in Pigalle, mentions of the backlash against Cocteau, and allusions to fashionable outings in the Bois de Boulogne).
Despite the meaningless pursuits that surround him, Aurélien becomes swept up in an all-consuming, tortuous and impossible love for Bérénice, a young woman fresh from the provinces with a husband and a "taste for the extreme" ("le goût de l'absolu"). Their love cannot, however, withstand the pressures of their reality. Bérénice eventually returns to her provincial existence, leaving Aurélien to embrace a life of disaffection and hedonism with renewed vigour. Eighteen years later, they meet again and re-live the impossibility of their lost love.

## Genesis

In his 1969 essay Je n'ai jamais appris à écrire ou les Incipit ("I never learned to write, or Incipits"), Aragon describes Aurélien as having stemmed from a single sentence that came to him while he was walking in Nice: "La première fois qu'Aurélien vit Bérénice, il la trouva franchement laide" ("The first time Aurélien saw Bérénice, he found her downright ugly"). This sentence became the incipit of the finished novel.

## Adaptations

Aurélien (1978), TV film directed by Michel Favart, screenplay adapted by Michel Favart and Françoise Verny, starring Philippe Nahoun as Aurélien and Françoise Lebrun as Bérénice.
Aurélien (2003), TV film directed by Arnaud Sélignac, screenplay adapted by Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt, starring Olivier Sitruk as Aurélien and Romane Bohringer as Bérénice.