OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ISO/IEC 8859-4

ISO/IEC 8859-4:1998, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 4: Latin alphabet No. 4, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1988. It is informally referred to as Latin-4 or North European. It was designed to cover Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Greenlandic, and Sámi. It has been largely superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-10 and Unicode. Microsoft has assigned code page 28594 a.k.a. Windows-28594 to ISO-8859-4 in Windows. IBM has assigned code page 914 (CCSID 914) to ISO 8859-4.
ISO-8859-4 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429. ISO-IR 205 (called Code page 58258 by FreeDOS) replaces the generic Currency Sign at 0xA4 with the Euro Sign.

## Codepage layout

Differences from ISO-8859-1 have the Unicode code point below them.
ISO/IEC 8859-4 :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 0x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | |
| 8x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ax | NBSP | Ą 0104 | ĸ 0138 | Ŗ 0156 | ¤ | Ĩ 0128 | Ļ 013B | § | ¨ | Š 0160 | Ē 0112 | Ģ 0122 | Ŧ 0166 | SHY | Ž 017D | ¯ |
| Bx | ° | ą 0105 | ˛ 02DB | ŗ 0157 | ´ | ĩ 0129 | ļ 013C | ˇ 02C7 | ¸ | š 0161 | ē 0113 | ģ 0123 | ŧ 0167 | Ŋ 014A | ž 017E | ŋ 014B |
| Cx | Ā 0100 | Á | Â | Ã | Ä | Å | Æ | Į 012E | Č 010C | É | Ę 0118 | Ë | Ė 0116 | Í | Î | Ī 012A |
| Dx | Đ 0110 | Ņ 0145 | Ō 014C | Ķ 0136 | Ô | Õ | Ö | × | Ø | Ų 0172 | Ú | Û | Ü | Ũ 0168 | Ū 016A | ß |
| Ex | ā 0101 | á | â | ã | ä | å | æ | į 012F | č 010D | é | ę 0119 | ë | ė 0117 | í | î | ī 012B |
| Fx | đ 0111 | ņ 0146 | ō 014D | ķ 0137 | ô | õ | ö | ÷ | ø | ų 0173 | ú | û | ü | ũ 0169 | ū 016B | ˙ 02D9 |
# Paul Gjesdahl

Paul Dessen Gjesdahl (22 December 1893 – 14 August 1969) was a Norwegian journalist and theatre critic. He was a theatre critic for the newspaper Dagbladet from 1919 to 1930, for Tidens Tegn from 1930 to 1937, and for Arbeiderbladet from 1937 to 1967.
He was a chairman of the Norwegian Students' Society in 1919 and a member of Mot Dag, a board member of the Norwegian Critics' Association for 36 years, and vice chairman of the Norwegian Broadcasting Council from 1946 to 1955.

## Selected works

* Premièrer og portretter. 1957.
* Centralteatrets historie. 1964.
# IVS

IVS is an abbreviation that can mean: Incredible Value Services

## Organizations

* Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture, Karachi, Pakistan
* International Vedanta Society, an Advaita Vedantic organization based in India
* International Voluntary Service, an international volunteering organisation based in the United Kingdom.
* International Voluntary Services, a private international volunteer organization
* NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw, a dummy company set up after World War I in order to maintain and develop German submarine know-how
* International Viola Society, an international organization dedicated to players of the viola

## Biology and medicine

* Intervening sequence, a nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing while the final mature RNA product of a gene is being generated
* Interventricular septum, a part of the heart
* Intravaginal slingplasty

## Other

* International Valuation Standards, technical and ethical standards for the conduct of valuations
* Indus Valley Script, short strings of symbols associated with the Indus Valley Civilization
* Ideographic Variation Selectors or Ideographic Variation Sequence, variation selector for, or variation sequence of, Ideographic characters in Unicode
# Audradus Modicus

Audradus Modicus (or Hardradus; fl. 847–53) was a Frankish ecclesiastic and author during the Carolingian Renaissance. He wrote in Latin.
Audradus was a monk of Saint Martin's of Tours. He served as an auxiliary bishop (chorepiscopus) to Archbishop Wenilo of Sens (836–65) from 847 until 849, when he was deposed by the Council of Paris. After his deposition, he went to Rome, where he presented his writings to Pope Leo IV.
Audradus was a prolific author. In verse, he composed the Liber de fonte vitae ("Book of the Source of Life") in 404 hexameters, the Carmen in honore sancti Petri ecclesiae ("Song in Honour of Saint Peter's Church"), some verses in honour of Saint Martin and a passion of Saint Julian (Passiones beatorum Iuliani et sociorum eius) in 800 lines. He also wrote the prose Liber revelationum, known from passages quoted by Alberic of Trois-Fontaines in the 13th century. They show him to have been a partisan of Charles the Bald, king of West Francia, and of Archbishop Hincmar of Reims, and extremely hostile to Charles's brothers, the Emperor Lothair I and Louis the German, king of East Francia. The Liber revelationum can be dated to no earlier than 853.
Audradus was buried in the church of Saint-Didier at Nevers. Like his superior, Wenilo, he morphed into a villain in popular memory. The chansons de geste, such as Amis et Amiles and Jordain de Blaivies, remember him as the henchman Hardré or Adradus to the archtraitor Ganelon, a figure based on Wenilo.
# Pierre Henri Cami

Pierre Henri Cami (20 June 1884 – 3 November 1958) was a French humorist.

## Works

* Les Amours de Mathusalem, 1925
* Vendetta ! ou Une aventure corsée. éd. E. Flammarion, Paris, 1926, 248
* Cami-Voyageur ou Mes aventures en Amérique, coll. Les Auteurs gais, éd. E. Flammarion, Paris, 1927, 242
* Les Mémoires de Dieu le père, 1930
* Pssitt et Pchutt dans le cirque de la vie (entrées camiques), 1932
* L'Œuf à voiles, 1934
* Quand j'étais jeune fille…, mémoires d'un gendarme. éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1937, 320
* Le Voyage inouï de monsieur Rikiki, 1938
* Album de Roussignoulet, impr. de Lescher-Moutoué, Pau, 1941, 16
* Les Nouveaux Paysans, 1943 (?)
* Détective à moteur : L'Énigme des cinq pavillons, 1945
* Un beau jour de printemps, 1946
* Détective à moteur (Krik-robot) : Les Kidnappés du panthéon, éd. P. Dupont, Paris, 1947
* Sans-un au purgatoire ou Après le jugement dernier, 1948
* Le Poilu aux mille trucs et autres nouvelles et drames comiques, Grande Collection nationale No. 66, éd. F. Rouff, Paris, 36

### Novels

* Les Amours de Mathusalem, coll. Les Auteurs gais, éd. E. Flammarion, Paris, 1925, 284
* Le Jugement dernier, roman prématuré, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1928, 320
* Le Scaphandrier de la Tour Eiffel, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1929, 320
* Le Fils des Trois Mousquetaires, roman héroï-camique, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1929, 232
* Christophe Colomb ou La Véritable Découverte de l'Amérique, roman sonore, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1931, 288
* Les Amants de l'entre-ciel, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1933, 351
* Les Chevaliers du gai, roman de jaquette et d'épée, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1935, 286
* Les Nouveaux paysans, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1943, 251
* La Ceinture de dame Alix, roman à clé, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1946, 224
* Je ferai cocu le percepteur, roman fiscal et passionnel, éd. Baudinière, Paris, 1949, 253
# Varangu

Varangu may refer to several places in Estonia:
* Varangu, Haljala Parish, village in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia
* Varangu, Väike-Maarja Parish, village in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia
# Il crepuscolo dei filosofi

Il crepuscolo dei filosofi (lit. 'The Twilight of the Philosophers') is a 1906 book by the Italian writer Giovanni Papini. It is an evaluation of modern Western philosophy, with special attention to what Papini viewed as errors in the works of Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer and Friedrich Nietzsche. Papini here used scepticism and Nietzscheanism to reach a radical form of pragmatism and defend irrational vitalism.
Papini was not trained in philosophy but contributed to introducing the works of John Dewey and Henri Bergson to Italian readers. Il crepuscolo dei filosofi was his first major work, after he had developed his writing and positions in magazines such as Leonardo, founded in 1903 and associated with the Florentine School of pragmatism.
# William Gayner

William Charles Gayner (c. 1825 — 27 January 1892) was an English first-class cricketer and barrister.
The son of William Gayner senior, he was born at St James's in 1825. He was educated at St Paul's School, before going up to the University of Oxford where he studied at Pembroke College in 1847, before transferring to St Mary Hall in 1848. Gayner made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Oxford University at Oxford in 1851. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run by Charles Marsham, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Charles Bere. A latecomer to the legal profession, Gayner was called to the bar as a member of the Inner Temple in January 1872. Gayner died at Chelsea in January 1892. He had been the proprietor of Boodle's gentlemen's club until his death.
# Ponmudiyar

Ponmudiyār (Tamil: பொன்முடியார்) was a poet of the Sangam period, to whom four verses of the Sangam literature have been attributed, including verse 14 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai.

## Biography

Ponmudiyar lived during the time of the Chera king Thagadur Erindha Peruncheral Irumporai. She was the well-wisher of the Athiyaman king Nedumananji, who is known for giving an eternal gooseberry fruit to Avvaiyar, and has written in praise of him.

## Contribution to the Sangam literature

Ponmudiyar wrote four Sangam verses, including three in Purananuru (verses 299, 310, and 312) and one in Tiruvalluva Maalai (verse 14).

### Views on Valluvar and the Kural

Ponmudiyar opines about Valluvar and the Kural text thus:
   It is said that the Cural (meaning Vishnu in his incarnation as a dwarf) produced by Casypa in times of yore measured the earth; but the Cural now produced by Valluvar has measured both the earth and the heaven. [Emphasis in original]
# Pamela Rotner Sakamoto

Pamela Rotner Sakamoto is an American historian and writer on Japanese and Japanese American history, best known for her 2016 book Midnight in Broad Daylight. As of June 2024 she teaches history at Punahou School in Honolulu, Hawaii.

## Early life and education

Pamela Rotner Sakamoto was born in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the son of Howard Rotner. and grew up in Swampscott, Massachusetts, where she attended Swampscott High School.
She is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Amherst College (1984) and holds a doctorate from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
Sakamoto lived in Kyoto and Tokyo for seventeen years and is fluent in Japanese.

## Career

In 2007, Sakamoto moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where she teaches history at Punahou School. As of June 2024 she is coordinator of the Davis Democracy Initiative within the Social Studies Faculty.
She also works as an expert consultant on Japan-related projects for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C..

## Books

Sakamoto is the author of Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees (1998), based on her dissertation. This work was among the first English-language works that investigated Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara and the role of Japanese diplomacy in saving thousands of Jewish lives on the eve of the Holocaust.
Her 2016 book Midnight in Broad Daylight, a true-life story about the Japanese-American Fukuhara family divided by World War II, and the Japanese-American war hero Harry K. Fukuhara, was listed by Kirkus Reviews as one of the best nonfiction books of 2016. This book also touches on the internment of Japanese Americans, life in wartime Japan, the Japanese-American Military Intelligence Service, and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. It takes its title from a poem by Japanese poet and peace activist Sankichi Tōge.

## Recognition

At Amherst College, Sakamoto was a Phi Beta Kappa student and a XXIV Amherst-Doshisha Fellow. She won the Pedro Grases Award for Excellence in Spanish, and the Robert L. Leeds Jr. Honor Award for Dedication to Social Programs.
At the Fletcher School, she was awarded the Charlotte W. Newcombe Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship by the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation.
Midnight in Broad Daylight garnered starred reviews in Kirkus Reviews and the Library Journal, and was Amazon Editors' "Best of the Month Picks" for January 2016 in both History and Nonfiction categories.

## Personal life

From the age of three, she has suffered from Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.
# Viktor Láznička

Viktor Láznička (born January 9, 1988, in Pardubice) is a Czech chess grandmaster.

## Chess beginnings

After learning the game at age six, he progressed quickly to playing junior tournaments and achieved many prize-winning performances in the national championships across the range of age limits. These included wins in the under-10 category (1997) and the under-12 category (1998 and 1999). He also finished second in the under-18 event in 2001.
At the European Youth Chess Championship, held in Herceg Novi in 2005, he was a bronze-medallist in the under-18 category.
Upon leaving school, he enrolled at the Charles University, Prague, to study Business Administration.

## Results in international competitions

In the early part of Láznička's tournament career, he was a joint winner at Olomouc in 2002 and at Mariánské Lázně in 2003. He was successful in Brno in both 2005 and 2006, the latter when he won the full national Czech Championship. This was also the year that he qualified as a grandmaster and commenced his Olympiad career, scoring the best individual result of the Czech team in Turin.
In 2007, he was joint winner of the Czech Open (with Vlastimil Babula), held in his home town. He qualified for the Chess World Cup 2007, but was eliminated in the first round by strong Polish player Bartłomiej Macieja.
In 2008, he shared victory with Krishnan Sasikiran at Calcutta and was declared winner on tie-break. He then took a share of second place at the EU Individual Open Chess Championship in Liverpool, behind Jan Werle (and equal with the highly rated Michael Adams and Nigel Short).
In December 2009, he tied for 1st-4th with Georg Meier, Julio Granda and Kiril Georgiev in the 19th Magistral Pamplona Tournament.
In June 2010, he won the City of Good Wine Rapid tournament in Hustopeče. In July 2010, he took clear first place at the World Open Chess Tournament with 7½/9. In August 2010, Láznička won convincingly the prestigious invitation Gyorgy Marx Memorial tournament with 8/10.
Between 2006 and 2014 he participated in the Chess olympiad with the Czech team five times.
In 2019, he reached 2nd place in the Czech Blitz Championship with a score of 13/15.
Láznička has had several coaches during his chess career, but most recently has been tutored by Sergei Movsesian, a high-ranking Slovak player and one of his teammates in the Czech league.
As of September 2023, he is the Czech Republic's third highest-rated player.
# Ambatoharanana, Vavatenina

For other places called Ambatoharanana, please see: Ambatoharanana (disambiguation)
Ambatoharanana I is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vavatenina, which is a part of Analanjirofo Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 15,000 in the 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 6% receive their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and cloves; coffee is also an important agricultural product. Services provide employment for 4% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
17°18′S 49°7′E﻿ / ﻿17.300°S 49.117°E﻿ / -17.300; 49.117
* This Analanjirofo location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Touolongou

Touolongou is a village in the Liptougou Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 652.
# Showground railway station

Showground or Showgrounds railway station may refer to:

## Australia

* Adelaide Showground railway station, current station in Adelaide
* Hills Showground railway station, a Sydney Metro station
* Showground Central railway station, former station in Adelaide that served Adelaide Showground
* Showgrounds railway station, Melbourne, serves the Melbourne Showground
* Showgrounds railway station, Perth, serves the Claremont Showgrounds
# Harvard Pilgrim Health Care

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care is a non-profit health services company based in Canton, Massachusetts serving the New England region of the United States.
On August 14, 2019, the boards of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Tufts Health Plan announced plans for the two insurers to merge their organizations into a new company. The new company serves 2.4 million members in Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. The merger completed on January 1, 2021, making the then unnamed company the second largest health insurer in Massachusetts. On June 15, 2021, the new name of the parent company was announced as Point32Health, named for the 32 points on a compass.

## Overview

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care was formed in 1994 from the merger of the Harvard Community Health Plan (HCHP) and the Pilgrim Health Plan. Harvard Community Health Plan had been founded in 1969. One of its founders was Maurice Lazarus.
Harvard Pilgrim is home to the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, a collaboration with Harvard Medical School. As Harvard Medical School’s Department of Population Medicine, the Institute is the only appointing department of a U.S. medical school housed within a health plan. Funded primarily through external government and private sources, it provides information to the health care system on issues affecting population health and health care delivery.

## Awards and recognition

* Boston Business Journal - a Best Place to Work (2003 - 2017)
* Boston Business Journal - a Top Corporate Philanthropist (2007 - 2015)
* The Boston Globe - a Top Place to Work (2009 - 2015)
* Human Rights Campaign - a Best Place to Work (2013 - 2016)

## Key people

* Charlie Baker, former CEO and governor of Massachusetts
# Notes on the Folklore of the Fjort

Notes on the Folklore of the Fjort is a book by Richard Edward Dennett (introduction by Mary H. Kingsley) published in 1898.
It contains more than 30 traditional stories from French Congo which were collected by the Folklore Society of London.
# Novikombank

Novikombank is a Russian bank specializing in financing of enterprises in the heavy-machinery, automotive, high-tech, oil and gas industry. Novikombank is ranked among the top 40 largest Russian banks. Member of the deposit insurance system.

## Ownership

At the end of 2008 after the additional issue of shares, AvtoVAZ OJSC joined the bank's shareholders, which in 2011 sold its 20 percent stake to Rostechnologii Group of Companies (formerly Rostec). At the end of May 2014, Rostec acquired 23.63% of the bank's shares. In April 2018, he increased his stake to 74.23%, and on July 26 of the same year, he signed agreements to buy out shares from all remaining shareholders. Thus the state corporation has collected 100% of Novikombank.
Since March 14, 2016 the Chairman of the Board of Novikombank has been Elena Georgieva, who previously headed the Rostec Treasury since 2013.

## Subsidiaries and associated companies

According to the decision of the Bank of Russia Board of Directors in April 2015, Novikombank participates in the financial rehabilitation of OJSC FundServiceBank.
In September 2021, the analytical credit rating agency ACRA upgraded Novikombank's credit rating to A+(RU) (outlook stable).

## Activities

Novikombank is one of the banks authorized to work under the state defence order.
"Banking Business" prize winner.
"Most Export Oriented Russian Bank" prize winner in the "Exporter of the Year 2014" competition.
Recapitalization of Novikombank though Federal Loan Obligations (PFZ) in July 2015.
At the end of 2022, Novikombank received a record profit of 19.4 billion rubles. It was decided to allocate 4.9 billion rubles for the payment of dividends.

## Sanctions

Sanctioned by New Zealand in relation to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
On 24 February 2022 the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned Novikombank under E.O. 14024 for operating or having operated in the financial services sector of the Russian Federation economy. Subsidiary companies were also sanctioned. Sanctioned by the US Department of the Treasury.
In December 2023 the United Kingdom subjected the bank to additional sanctions, including a prohibition on correspondent banking relationships on top of an asset freeze.