OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pearl, Kansas

Pearl is an unincorporated community in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States.

## History

Pearl had a post office from 1883 until 1935.
The Rock Island served the area for many years until the company was granted bankruptcy in 1980. The track was then used by the Missouri-Kansas-Texas (the Katy) railroad, which operated the line as the Oklahoma-Kansas-and Texas (OKT) until the Katy's assets were absorbed by the Union Pacific Railroad in 1988. While part of the line was scrapped, the remaining track from Abilene to Woodbine was purchased by the Abilene and Smoky Valley Railroad in 1993.
All that remains in Pearl today are the railroad tracks, the CO-OP grain elevator, and the ruins of a solitary stone house.

## Education

The community is served by Chapman USD 473 public school district.

## Notable people

* Sam R. Heller, former president of Eisenhower Foundation which helped build the Eisenhower Library & Museum in Abilene.
# Batman: War on Crime

Batman: War on Crime is a treasury giant prestige format graphic novel published by DC Comics in November 1999. The work is the second in a series of collaborations between artist Alex Ross and writer Paul Dini, following Superman: Peace on Earth. The comic received both a Harvey and Eisner Award, two of the comics industry's highest honors.

## Plot

Bruce Wayne is in a business meeting with corrupt Randall Winters, as he proposes to replace the Bayside area. That night in Bayside, Batman hears gunshots in a store and captures the mugger. When he checks the bodies, he notices something familiar and unexpected: a boy who saw his parents die. The boy, Marcus, is seen by Batman as a mirror to his eight-year-old self. The next night, Batman takes care of a gang with Marcus as one of them, and he runs off. The very next night, Batman stops a drug location and confronts a gun wielding Marcus. Talking him down, asking him not to become what killed his parents, and he lowers the gun. Having given Marcus new hope for the future, Bruce Wayne decides to make changes without the mask by helping rebuild Bayside, not replace it. Randall is not so happy, but due to other things going on, Randall is arrested. Batman knows he is fighting a war he cannot completely win, but the small victories encourage him to keep trying, and hopes that soon he'll move on from his pain.

## Production

In creating his Batman, Ross was inspired for his take by early iterations of the character. In order to honor the original appeal of the Batman, Ross opted to remove Batman's vehicles and advanced gadgetry and to have him just appear on the scene. At the time, the release of Batman & Robin had created a very different visual of Batman in the public eye and Ross was seeking to evoke a much darker, even scarier, vision of The Dark Knight while keeping the character's honest sense of justice and righteousness. For the mask, Ross came up with a concept of having the mask act as a second skin for the character by having the eyeholes cut right above and below the eyelids, giving the mask a human presence, allowing it to become the face of the character.

## Sales

War on Crime was the top-selling graphic novel in comic stores at the time of its release, selling an estimated 49,183 units. The comic went on to become the best-selling trade paperback of 1999 as well.

## Awards

* Harvey Awards
** 2000 Harvey Awards Best Graphic Album of Original Work, Batman: War on Crime by Paul Dini and Alex Ross, edited by Charles Kochman and Joey Cavalieri (DC)
* Eisner Awards
** 2000 Eisner Awards Best Painter/Multimedia Artist, Alex Ross, Batman: War on Crime (DC)
* Comics Buyers Guide Fan Awards
** Favorite Original Graphic Novel Award (1st place 26.4%) Batman: War on Crime
# Bosley (automobile)

The Bosley was an American prototype automobile built in Mentor, Ohio, U.S. in 1953 by American automotive engineer and designer Richard Bosley. Bosley wanted to build a car that would surpass any car available on the market at the time. The car featured a steel tube frame and a 5.4L Chrysler Hemi V-8 mated to a Borg-Warner 5-speed transmission. The car featured a very graceful fibreglass body, which was amazing considering Bosley was a horticulturist who had never studied design or engineering.
The car was featured in magazines such as "Motor World", "The Motor in England", Road and Track", "Motor Life" and "Hot Rod". Bosley clocked up approximately 100,000 miles on the car before trading it in the mid-1960s for a Chevrolet Corvette, which was to form the basis of a line of street cars called the Bosley Interstate.
The car still survives and appears occasionally at car shows.
# Base load

The base load (also baseload) is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time, for example, one week. This demand can be met by unvarying power plants or dispatchable generation, depending on which approach has the best mix of cost, availability and reliability in any particular market. The remainder of demand, varying throughout a day, is met by intermittent sources together with dispatchable generation (such as load following power plants, peaking power plants, which can be turned up or down quickly) or energy storage.
Power plants that do not change their power output quickly, such as some large coal or nuclear plants, are generally called baseload power plants. In the 20th century most or all of base load demand was met with baseload power plants, whereas new capacity based around renewables often employs flexible generation.

## Description

Grid operators take long and short term bids to provide electricity over various time periods and balance supply and demand continuously. The detailed adjustments are known as the unit commitment problem in electrical power production.
While historically large power grids used unvarying power plants to meet the base load, there is no specific technical requirement for this to be so. The base load can equally well be met by the appropriate quantity of intermittent power sources and dispatchable generation.
Unvarying power plants can be coal, nuclear, combined cycle plants, which may take several days to start up and shut down, hydroelectric, geothermal, biogas, and biomass.
The desirable attribute of dispatchability applies to some gas plants and hydroelectricity. Grid operators also use curtailment to shut plants out of the grid when their energy is not needed.

## Economics

Grid operators solicit bids to find the cheapest sources of electricity over short and long term buying periods.
Nuclear and coal plants have very high fixed costs, high plant load factor but very low marginal costs. On the other hand, peak load generators, such as natural gas, have low fixed costs, low plant load factor and high marginal costs.
Some coal and nuclear power plants do not change production to match power consumption demands since it is sometimes more economical to operate them at constant production levels, and not all power plants are designed for it. The IEA has suggested that coal power plants should not run as baseload, because that emits a lot of carbon dioxide, which causes climate change. Some nuclear power stations, such as those in France, are physically capable of being used as load following power plants and do alter their output, to some degree, to help meet varying demands.
Some combined-cycle plants usually fuelled by gas, can provide baseload power,as well as being able to be cost-effectively cycled up and down to match more rapid fluctuations in consumption.
According to National Grid plc chief executive officer Steve Holliday in 2015, and others, baseload is "outdated". By 2019, Steve Holliday had left his position as CEO of National Grid plc and went on the record to say that, "It’s hard to conceive that nuclear does not have an important role to play"
# Osage Nation Museum

The Osage Nation Museum (ONM) in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, is devoted to Osage history, art, and culture. Highlights include an extensive photograph collection, historical artifacts, and traditional and contemporary art.
Founded in 1938, the ONM is the oldest tribally owned museum in the United States. Historian Louis F. Burns donated much of his extensive personal collection of artifacts and documents to the museum.
The Osage Nation also has a historic preservation office, archives, and cultural office. It is working to revive the Osage language, with immersion in Head Start classes and elementary school, as well as classes for youth and adults.
# Tartarus Montes

The Tartarus Montes are a mountain range on the planet Mars, stretching over 1070 km and located around the coordinates 15.46º N, 167.54º E, between Orcus Patera and the Elysium volcanic region.
Albedo was first identified from the contrast of bright and dark signals photographed by Eugène Antoniadi.

## Etymology

The mountain range was named in 1985. It has been named after Greek deity of the underworld, Tartarus, by the standard planetary nomenclature for Martian landforms. According to Greek myth, Tartarus is the lowest part of Hades. Zeus imprisoned the Titans in Tartarus. The second part of the name "Montes" means mountains.

## Features

Photographs taken by the Mars Global Surveyor indicate that there are cones and volcanic rings near the Tartarus Montes. Narrow grabens and fractures are present around the regions of this mountain range. Both the hilly areas and the intervening plains are cut with similar marks. This implies that there is a widespread tensional fracture system associated with Cerberus Fossae. At one point, Grjota’ Vallis, an outflow channel, crosses the bedrock ridge of the Tartarus Montes.
# Pettyville, West Virginia

Pettyville is an unincorporated community in Wood County, West Virginia, United States.
# Iglesia de Santiago (Arlós)

Iglesia de Santiago (Arlós) is a church in Llanera, Asturias, Spain.
# Thitarodes meiliensis

Thitarodes meiliensis is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It was described by Liang in 1988, and is known from Yunnan, China.
# Giuseppe Pambieri

Giuseppe Pambieri (born 18 November 1944) is an Italian stage, television and film actor.

## Life and career

Born in Varese, Pambieri studied acting at the Drama School of the Piccolo Teatro in Milan where he also met his future wife, the actress Lia Tanzi. He began his career appearing in television programs for children, then his breakout role was Remo in the 1972 RAI television series Le sorelle Materassi. Also active in films, Pambieri is mainly known for his works on stage, often starred together with his wife Tanzi and their daughter Micol. He considers himself Roman Catholic.

## Selected filmography

* The Police Serve the Citizens? (1973)
* La liceale (1975)
* Legend of the Sea Wolf (1975)
* L'affittacamere (1976)
* Confessions of a Lady Cop (1976)
* Hit Squad (1976)
* The Desert of the Tartars (1976)
* Yellow Emanuelle (1976)
* Ligabue (1978)
* Mathias Sandorf (1979)
* Count Tacchia (1982)
* My First Forty Years (1987)
* Everything's Gonna Be Alright (2020)
# Boujeloud

Boujeloud is a CD by the Moroccan Sufi musicians Master Musicians of Joujouka.

## Album details

It was released in September 2006 on Sub Rosa Records. It was produced by Frank Rynne under the direction of Mohamed Hamri. The group on this CD includes veteran Joujouka musician Mujehid Mujdoubi (1893–1997). The Cd records the music of Boujeloud or Pan, the ancient deity still recognised in the small Moroccan village of Jajouka or Joujouka.

## Track listing

* 1. Boujeloud Al Boudadi 07.42
* 2. Boujeloud – (featuring Mujehid Mujdoubi). 04.30
* 3. Boujeloud / Joujouka Ei Calihoun Boujeloud / Joujouka Black Eyes. 04.30
* 4. Mali Mal Hal M'Halmaz Everyone is Together 05.48
* 5. Boujeloud Solo Drums 00.59
* 6. Boujeloud 09.06
* 7. Allah A Mohamed El Hub Tenani Allah And Mohamed – Kiss My Heart 03.23
* 8. Boujeloud 05.34
* 9. Joujouka Ei Calihoun / T`werkia D`Boujeloudia: Aishi H`liba Bab Dar Joujouka Black Eyes / Boujeloud / Wait While I Open The :Door Of The House 03.20
* 10. Jewash Halal / Tweka Miserisa 03.51

## Musician credits

* Ahmed El Attar drum and vocal
* Mohamed El Attar lira and rhiata and vocals
* Mustapha El Attar drum
* Ahmed Bouhsini rhiata lira
* Abdelslam Boukhzar drum vocal
* Abdelslam Errtoubi rhiata and lira
* Mujehid Mujdoubi lira
* Muinier Mujdoubi drum
* Muckthar Jagdhal drum and vocal
* Mohamed Mokhchan rhiata and lira
* Abdelslam Dahnoun drum, rhiata, lira
* El Hadj clapping and vocal
* Si Ahmed violin

## Catalogue number

* SR243
# Autrèche

Autrèche (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
# Intelsat III F-4

Intelsat III F-4 was a geostationary communications satellite above the Pacific. It was built by TRW and owned by Intelsat, a company currently based in Luxembourg. The satellite had an estimated useful life of 5 years.
The Intelsat III F-4 was part of the Intelsat III series which consisted of eight satellites, which were used for retransmission of global commercial telecommunications, including live TV.
The satellite was stabilized by rotation with a minus antenna structure (The antenna was 34 inches high). It had a hydrazine propulsion system with four propellers and four tanks, and a passive thermal control. With solar cells producing 178W peak, nine Ahr NiCd batteries. The load consisted of two transponders that used 12 watt TWTA amplifiers for multiple access, 1500 audio circuits or four TV channels. The Intelsat III F-1 was disabled due to launch vehicle failure.
The satellite was successfully launched into space on May 22, 1969, by means of a Delta M vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, United States. It had a launch mass of 293 kg.
# Opam

Opam or OPAM may refer to:

## Opam

* Emmanuel Opam-Brown Akolbire (born 1960), Ghanaian politician and member of Ghanaian Parliament

## OPAM

* OCaml Package Manager, for the Caml programming language implementation
* Ōita Prefectural Art Museum (OpAm), an art museum and community exhibition venue in Japan
* OPAM, a sculpture park by Lucien den Arend
# Tartarus (spider)

Tartarus is a genus of spiders in the family Stiphidiidae. All four described species are found in cave systems of Western Australia. These are located in the karst area of the Nullarbor Plain. They are likely relict species from a time when the region was much more humid, given the fact that the other members of the family Stiphidiidae in Southern Australia live in forests.

## Names

The genus name is derived from Tartarus, a place in the underworld of Greek mythology, even lower than Hades. All four species take their common names, and the specific epithet, from the caves in which they were first collected.
Tartarus murdochensis and Tartarus thampannensis are both commonly called Murdoch sink cave spider, Tartarus nurinensis is also known as the Nurina cave spider.

## Species

* Tartarus mullamullangensis Gray, 1973 (Western Australia)
* Tartarus murdochensis Gray, 1992 (Western Australia)
* Tartarus nurinensis Gray, 1992 (Western Australia)
* Tartarus thampannensis Gray, 1992 (Western Australia)
# Iglesia de Santa María del Rosario

The Iglesia Parroquial de Santa María del Rosario is a church located some 20 km southeast of downtown Havana, Cuba, in the municipality of Cotorro.

## History

It was built between 1760 and 1766 and is known by the title given by the Obispo Espada: “The Cathedral of the fields of Cuba”. It has been declared in two occasions (1946 and 1984) a National Monument. It has a baroque altar of amazing beauty, only comparable with the altar of the Church of Remedios. The gigantic altar still contains its Solomonic column covered in gold.

## Famous visitors

The first Cuban scientist graduated in medicine, the Dr. Tomás Romay and Chacón, was baptised in the Iglesia Parroquial de Santa María del Rosario in 1764. The Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier married in this church by the decade of 1940.
José María Chacón and Calvo, famous hispanist and sixth earl of House Bayona was baptised in this church. The church was visited by Queen Sofia of Spain in 1999.
# Thitarodes namensis

Thitarodes namensis is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in China.
# R.E.M.: Singles Collected

R.E.M. Singles Collected is a compilation album from R.E.M. released in Europe by I.R.S. Records in 1994. The album includes the A-side and B-sides of singles spanning from their debut LP Murmur in 1983, right through to Document in 1987.
This was the last R.E.M.-related album to be released by I.R.S. Records, which would fold two years after its release.

## Track listing

All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe, except where noted:
* "Radio Free Europe" (Edit) – 3:11
* "There She Goes Again" (Lou Reed) – 2:50
* "So. Central Rain" – 3:16
* "King of the Road" (Roger Miller) – 3:13
* "(Don't Go Back To) Rockville" (Edit) – 3:54
* "Catapult" (Live) – 3:55
* "Cant Get There from Here" (Edit) – 3:13
* "Bandwagon" (Berry, Buck, Mills, Stipe, and Lynda Stipe) – 2:16
* "Wendell Gee" – 3:02
* "Crazy" (Randall Bewley, Vanessa Briscoe, Curtis Crowe, Michael Lachowski) – 3:03
* "Fall on Me" – 2:50
* "Rotary Ten" – 2:00
* "Superman" (Mitch Bottler, Gary Zekley) – 2:52
* "White Tornado" – 1:55
* "The One I Love" – 3:16
* "Maps and Legends" (Live) – 3:15
* "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" (Edit) – 3:11
* "Last Date" (Floyd Cramer) – 2:16
* "Finest Worksong" (Other Mix) – 3:47
* "Time After Time Etc." (Live, September 14, 1987) (includes parts of "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)", and "Red Rain", written by Peter Gabriel) – 8:22

## Sales certifications

| Organization | Level | Date |
| BPI – UK | Silver | July 22, 2013 |
# Sterchi

Sterchi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Beat Sterchi (born 1949), Swiss author
* James G. Sterchi (1867–1932), American businessman
# Barsine mactans

Barsine mactans is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found in India and China.
# Opalton grasswren

The Opalton grasswren (Amytornis rowleyi) is an insectivorous bird in the family Maluridae. It is found in the Forsyth Range, Queensland, Australia. Formerly considered a sub-species of the striated grasswren (Amytornis striatus rowleyi), then known as the rusty grasswren. It is found around the opal mining area of Opalton and Lark Quarry south of Winton, Western Queensland. It was named as a full species by the I.O.C. in July 2020.
# Popular (M.I.A. song)

"Popular" is a song by British rapper M.I.A. It was released on 12 August 2022 as the second single from her sixth studio album Mata.

## Music video

The official music video for the song was directed by Arnaud Bresson. It stars what was described as an "influencer-bot-in-training" named M.A.I. – a pun alluding to artificial intelligence. In the video, the singer trains her robot alter ego to dance to the title song. In the end, she kills it with a water gun. The video was released on 12 August 2022.

## Track listing

* Digital download
* "Popular" – 3:06
* Streaming
* "Popular" – 3:06
* "The One" – 2:25

## Charts

Chart performance for "Popular" :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| UK Asian Music (Official Charts Company) | 11 |
# Phallobrycon adenacanthus

Phallobrycon adenacanthus is a species of characin endemic to Brazil, where it is found in the Rio Xingu basin.
# Circle Round the Sun

Circle 'Round the Sun is the third album by American guitarist Leo Kottke, released in 1970.

## History

Eight of its eleven songs are studio re-recordings of songs from his first (live) album 12-String Blues. Although they should have been improved by being recorded in a professional studio, there is noticeable oversaturation in many of the songs, causing his vocal to break up. Kottke has often been quoted as being unhappy with the recording quality. It has not been re-issued on CD.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Writing for Allmusic, music critic Chip Renner called the album "This is a good, hard to find record."

## Track listing

All songs by Leo Kottke except as noted

### Side one

* "If Momma Knew" § – 2:30
* "Furry Jane" § – 1:45
* "Sweet Louise" § – 3:04
* "Tell Me Mama" (Traditional) – 2:58
* "Long Way Up the River" § – 2:18

### Side two

* "Circle 'Round the Sun" § – 3:23
* "So Cold in China" § – 4:04
* "Easter and the Sargasso Sea" § – 3:09
* "The Prodigal Grave" § – 2:39
* "Living in the Country" § (Pete Seeger) – 1:21
* "Tell Me This Ain't the Blues" – 2:53
§ = previously recorded on 12-String Blues

## Personnel

* Leo Kottke - 6 & 12-string guitar, vocals

## Production notes

* Engineered by Bob Schultz, Roger Wilhelmi, Skip Hotchkiss, George Hanson
* Production: Skip Hotchkiss, George Hanson
# Pearson's Coupling

Pearson's Coupling was a safety relevant improvement for connecting the hoses of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company between railway carriages.

## History

If a train was accidentally divided, the drawing apart of the hose pipes would cause the brakes to be applied on both sections of the severed train. However, in shunting operations, it was necessary to have an arrangement by which the carriages may be disconnected when required, without the application of the brakes. Thus, a train-cock was installed at each end of the carriage where the hose-pipes were attached. If the hose-pipes were disconnected, and the train-cocks left open, the brakes were applied throughout the train. Therefore, train-cocks had to be provided.
The not infrequent forgetfulness of a shunter to open the train-cocks after coupling-up the hose-pipes has caused accidents in the past. A further risk in connection with these cocks lied in the fact that they could be tampered with by passengers. Out of eleven accidents in New Zealand, eight have been the result of somebody's negligence in leaving train-cocks closed.
In Pearson's invention the cocks are necessarily closed and the levers engaged by the lugs, before the heads could be coupled together. The action of turning the heads upon one another, while the levers were engaged by the lugs caused the cocks to open, because the ports of the plugs registered with the ports in the cocks, leaving the brakes in a condition ready to be applied. The heads could not be uncoupled in the ordinary way without the operations being reversed and the cocks left open. If the heads were accidentally pulled apart, as by the severance of a train, the cocks remained open, and the brakes were thereby applied.
* Pearson's Westinghouse brake coupling for railway use
* Pearson's Westinghouse brake coupling
* Pearson's Westinghouse brake coupling
# Yujiulü Tuhezhen

Yujiulü Tuhezhen (Chinese: 郁久閭吐賀真; pinyin: Yùjiǔlǘ Tǔhèzhēn) was the ruler of the Rouran from September 444 to 464 with the title of Chu Khagan (處可汗; Rouran: Ču Qaγan). He was the son of Yujiulü Wuti.

## Reign

He inherited a war with Northern Wei from his father but 5 years of his reign went relatively calm. In the winter of 448 and spring 449, Emperor Taiwu and Crown Prince Huang attacked Rouran together, but Tuhezhen eluded them and did not engage them. In the fall of 449, however, Tuoba Na, Wei general was able to inflict heavy losses on Rouran, and for several years, Rouran did not attack.
In the winter of 458, Emperor Wencheng launched a major attack against Rouran, but considered abandoning it when his troops encountered a snowstorm. At Yuchi Juan's urging (arguing that a withdrawal would unduly signal weakness to Rouran), however, Emperor Wencheng continued, and while he was not able to deal a major defeat to Tuhezhen, a number of Rouran tribesmen surrendered.
During his reign, the last remnant of Northern Liang was invaded and Juqu Anzhou deposed in 460. Tuhezhen made Kan Bozhou (闞伯周) the King of Gaochang instead.
He was succeeded by Yujiulü Yucheng in 464.

## Sources

* History of the Northern Dynasties, vol. 86.
* Book of Wei, vol 103.