OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stoke Charity

Stoke Charity is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wonston, in the City of Winchester district of Hampshire, England. It is on the River Dever, its nearest town is Winchester, which lies approximately 6.1 miles (9.9 km) south-west from the village. In 1931 the parish had a population of 111.
In past centuries, the manor was also known as Old Stoke, still remembered in the street name "Old Stoke Road".

## History

Stoke Charity is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Stoches. It appears as Stokecharite circa 1270. It was held by Henry de la Charite in the thirteenth century, so 'Charity' is thus a family name.
In 904, Edward the Elder probably granted the area of the present parish to Hyde Abbey as part of the manor of Micheldever. The Church of England parish church of St Mary and St Michael dates mainly from the 12th and 13th centuries. According to the church's guidebook, the Norman nave and chancel may have been added to a small Saxon church to form the north aisle of an enlarged church. The church stands in a field just to the east of the village.
Stoke Charity also had a manor house and home farm, which employed most of the population as farm labourers up until the late 19th century. Watercress beds were well developed and numerous in Stoke Charity until recently. These were fed by the River Dever, which is a tributary of the River Test. Some watercress beds have been brought back into use as of 2020.
On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Wonston.
# Sapphire quail-dove

The sapphire quail-dove (Geotrygon saphirina) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Taxonomy and systematics

At one time the sapphire quail-dove included what is now the purple quail-dove as a subspecies; the larger species was then named Osculatia saphirina. Since the early 2010s the purple quail-dove has been treated as a separate species. The sapphire quail-dove now has two subspecies, the nominate G. s. saphirina and G. s. rothschildi.

## Description

The sapphire quail-dove is 22 to 26 cm (8.7 to 10.2 in) long and weighs 139 to 199 g (4.9 to 7.0 oz). The male of the nominate subspecies has a white forehead, throat, and small patch below the eye. It has a conspicuous, long, purple-black malar stripe. Its dark bluish gray crown becomes bronzy green on the nape; below that is an iridescent patch of green, gold, and purplish pink. The back and wing coverts are purple-brown and the rump iridescent greenish or purplish blue. The central tail feathers are slaty black and the outer ones are blackish with blue-gray tips. The closed wing shows an elongated white spot. The breast is pale gray fading to white on the belly and adjoined by buff flanks. Its eyes are pale yellow to dark brown. The adult female has the same plumage pattern but is less brilliant. Juveniles are dark reddish brown above, a duskier gray below, and their facial markings are less intense. G. s. rothschildi is essentially the same as the nominate but for darker eyes.

## Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of sapphire quail-dove is found across far southern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador to southeastern Peru and east into extreme western Amazonian Brazil. G. s. rothschildi is found only in the area around Cadena in southeastern Peru's Marcapata District. The species inhabits the ground and undergrowth of primary and older secondary evergreen montane forest, often near streams. In Peru it ranges up 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in elevation and up to 1,350 m (4,430 ft) in Ecuador.

## Behavior
### Feeding

The sapphire quail-dove forages on the ground, singly or in pairs. Its diet has not been documented but it probably eats seeds and small invertebrates like other quail-doves.

### Breeding

The sapphire quail-dove's breeding season differs across its range, base on the dates that nests with eggs, nestlings, adults in breeding condition, and nesting behavior have been recorded. Nests are platforms made of sticks or twigs and the clutch size appears to be one or two.

### Vocalization

* Songs and calls
* Listen to sapphire quail-dove on xeno-canto
The sapphire quail-dove's song is "a two-note monotonous 'hu..huuuuu' or 'ca..whooooo'." It sings from a low hidden perch or on the ground at any time of day.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the sapphire quail-dove as being of Least Concern. "[The] limits of distribution of this distinctive species [are] poorly known...[the primary] threat to this species is accelerating deforestation in the Amazon basin".
# American Society of Forensic Odontology

Founded in 1970, the American Society of Forensic Odontology (ASFO) promotes interest and research in the field of forensic odontology (forensic dentistry). Prior to the formation of the ASFO, involvement in forensic odontology was limited to those dentists who were affiliated with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) or other law enforcement and scientific organizations such as the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Credited as one of the founders of the ASFO, Colonel Robert Boyers of the AFIP recognized the need to provide such inclusive opportunity for education and advancement in the field for all interested individuals.
As membership in the ASFO began to grow in the 1970s, the decision was made to meet annually in conjunction with the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Sponsorship of the scientific session at the annual meeting provided the opportunity for newer, less experienced members to meet and interact with more experienced peers. Additionally, the joint meeting provided individuals from a variety of forensic disciplines a chance to become familiar with forensic odontology and the ASFO organization. Membership has continued to grow and now includes over 480 active members making it one of the largest worldwide organizations dedicated to this forensic discipline. Membership in the ASFO remains open to any individual interested in developing their knowledge of forensic odontology.

## Publications

In 1980, Drs. Robert Siegel and Norman Sperber compiled the ASFO Forensic Odontology Workbook. Over the years, many Society members contributed to this effort which led to the publishing of the "Manual of Forensic Odontology". Currently in the fifth edition, this manual provides a general reference for forensic dentists and others studying the science. This reference manual covers a wide variety of subjects encompassed in forensic odontology some of which include: human identification, bite mark analysis, abuse and neglect as well as current technology and advancements in the field matter.

## Education and research

In addition to the annual scientific session, the ASFO provides various opportunities for continuing education through course listings and online case presentations. To encourage further investiagion in the field, research grants are available through the ASFO Research Committee through an application process available online. Links to other significant forensic organizations are also provided on the ASFO web site.

## Objective

The objective of this Society shall be to advance the cause of forensic dentistry and to develop and maintain the highest standards of practice. This shall be done via study, discussion, seminars, publications and liaison with other organized agencies.
# ILS

ILS or ils may refer to:

## Organizations

* ILS Law College, of the Indian Law Society
* International Launch Services
* International Life Saving Federation
* International Lenin School

## Science and technology

* Instrument landing system, for aircraft
* Integrated library system, an enterprise resource planning system for libraries
* Iterated local search, in computing
* Internet Locator Server, for Microsoft NetMeeting
* Integrated logistics support, in systems engineering

## Medicine

* Intermediate Life Support, a level of training in emergency/prehospital medical care

## Business and military

* Inventory Locator Service, LLC, a digital aviation warehouse company
* ILS (company), a Finnish engineering company

## Finance

* Insurance-Linked Securities (ILS)
* Israeli new shekel, ISO 4217 currency code

## Other uses

* Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, a book of Latin inscriptions
* Ils (musician)
* Them (2006 film) (French: Ils), a French horror film
# Ture Wersäll

Claës Ture Wersäll (12 August 1883 – 18 December 1965) was a Swedish gymnast who won a bronze medal in the tug of war event at the 1906 Summer Olympics. The team consisted of five gymnasts, two weightlifters and a javelin thrower.
Wersäll was born to the Swedish Finance Minister Claës Wersäll and Charlotta Wersäll, in a family of 10 siblings. Two of his eight brothers, Claës-Axel and Gustaf also competed at Summer Olympics.
# Perhaps a Poet

Perhaps a Poet (Swedish: Kanske en diktare) is a 1933 Swedish drama film directed and produced by Lorens Marmstedt and starring Gösta Ekman, Gunnar Olsson and Karin Kavli.

## Cast

* Gösta Ekman as Filip, rockvaktmästare
* Gunnar Olsson as Viding
* Karin Kavli as Jane
* Hjalmar Peters as Kurtz
* Hugo Björne as Domaren
* Hjördis Petterson as Cigarrfröken
* Hugo Tranberg as Källarmästaren
* Olof Widgren as Notarien
* Eric Abrahamsson as Irate Guest at the Restaurant
* Alice Carlsson as Restaurant Guest Putting on Lipstick
* Calle Flygare as Waiter
* Bengt Janzon as Bisittare i rätten
* Helge Kihlberg as Older Waiter
* Ernst Marcusson as Court Secretary
* Holger Sjöberg as Fat Guest at the Restaurant
# Sevno, Šmartno pri Litiji

Sevno (pronounced) is a small dispersed settlement in the Primskovo area near Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Nolan McDonald

Nolan McDonald (born July 29, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the 6th round (147th overall) of the 1996 NHL Entry Draft.
McDonald spent the majority of his professional career playing in the German 2nd Bundesliga where, in 2003, he was selected as the Goaltender of the Year. Nolan is credited as being the first goaltender in the history of the German Bundesliga to be named his team's captain.
McDonald now owns a film studio in New Brunswick, Canada. He has a credit as an executive producer of the film Decoding Annie Parker, which starred Helen Hunt, Samantha Morton and Aaron Paul.
# National Service Act 1951

The National Service Act 1951 is a repealed Act of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia. It provided for the compulsory call-up of males turning 18 on or after 1 November 1950, for service training of 176 days. Trainees were required to remain on the Reserve of the Commonwealth Military Forces (CMF) for five years from initial call up. Men could nominate the service in which they wished to be trained. Those nominating the Navy or the Air Force were considered only if they volunteered for service outside Australia. The first call-up notice was issued on 12 April 1951.

## Background

In the midst of communist insurgencies around Southeast Asia and the start of the Korean War, the Menzies Government introduced this act to parliament. Additionally, the 1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum was held as fear of Communism reached fever pitch in Australia.

## Amendments

The act was amended multiple times. The notable listing includes:
* National Service Act (No. 2) 1951
* National Service Act 1953
* National Service Acts 1957
* National Service Act 1964
* National Service Act 1965
* National Service Act 1968
* National Service Act 1971

## Legacy

Between 1951 and 1959, over 500,000 men registered, 52 intakes were organised and some 227,000 men were trained.
In 1957, National Service with the Navy and the Air Force was discontinued. Registration remained compulsory but the intake to the Army was cut to almost a third (12,000 trainees) by instituting a ballot for selection. On 24 November 1959, Cabinet decided that National Service call-ups should be terminated and that arrangements for the January 1960 intake would be cancelled.
# Percival Willoughby

Sir Percival Willoughby (died 23 August 1643) of Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire was a prominent land owner, businessman, and entrepreneur involved during his lifetime variously in mining, iron smelting, and glass making enterprises in Nottinghamshire. He was also an important investor in the Newfoundland Company.
He was the eldest son of Thomas Willoughby of Bore Place, Chiddingstone, Kent and educated at Furnival's Inn and Lincoln's Inn (1579). He married Bridget Willoughby, his second cousin, the daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby, builder of Wollaton Hall. She, as co-heiress of her father, inherited Wollaton Hall. Sir Percival sold all the lands he had inherited from his father in Kent to pay off some of the enormous debts the construction of the Hall had entailed. Sir Percival and his wife Lady Bridget eventually occupied the new building but in later generations it was never the principal home of the Willoughby family. Middleton Hall in Warwickshire was the family's usual residence.
Willoughby was knighted by King James I on 20 April 1603 at Worksop. On 21 June he hosted Anne of Denmark and her children Prince Henry and Princess Elizabeth at Wollaton Hall. Shortly afterwards was returned as member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire and Tamworth in King James' first parliament, choosing to sit for Nottinghamshire. He was returned again and sat for Tamworth in 1614.
Percival Willoughby's business partner, Huntingdon Beaumont, was responsible for constructing the Wollaton Wagonway.

## Newfoundland

Willoughby was drawn into the Newfoundland Company venture by John Slany, to whom he was heavily in debt. Appointed to the council which managed the company's affairs in 1610, he sent his third son Thomas to Cuper's Cove in 1612 along with Henry Crout and six apprentices.
The orders to the party were to leave the colony and develop Willoughby's own tract which was all that land north of a line drawn between Carbonear and Heart's Content on the Bay de Verde Peninsula. This also included the rich fishing grounds around Baccalieu Island. Bartholomew Pearson and a surveyor named Olney had made the trip to Newfoundland to access its mineral and agricultural potential. Willoughby's main interest lay in the mining potential of Bell Island and was very critical of his party's lack of exploration on the island upon their return to England.
Willoughby's partnership in 1618 with Thomas Rowley and William Hannam to give them half of his tract for a nominal fee had turned sour. Willoughby's entitlement to the land was becoming increasingly harder to maintain as he could not find anyone to settle on it. Then in 1631 he entered into a partnership with Nicholas Guy, who at the time was living in Carbonear.
His grandson was Francis Willughby of Wollaton, father of Cassandra, Duchess of Chandos.
# Percnarcha lilloi

Percnarcha lilloi is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Paul Köhler in 1941. It is found in Tucumán Province, Argentina.
# Baler (disambiguation)

A baler is a piece of farm machinery. Baler may also refer to:
* Baler, Aurora, a municipality in Aurora, Philippines
* Baler (film), a 2008 film
* Baler, or Baler shell, a sea snail in the genus Melo
# Straszów

Straszów may refer to the following places:
* Straszów, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Straszów, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
* Straszów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
# Percy Mason

Percy Mason (19 November 1873 – 27 November 1952) was an English first-class cricketer active 1896–1901 who played for Nottinghamshire. He was born in East Bridgford; died in Gunthorpe.
# Balisong

Balisong may refer to:
* Butterfly knife, also known as a "balisong"
* Balisong (film), a 1955 Filipino film
* "Balisong" (song), a 2003 song by Rivermaya
# WAPE

WAPE may refer to:
* WAPE-FM, a radio station (95.1 FM) licensed to Jacksonville, Florida, United States
* WOKV (AM), a radio station (690 AM) licensed to Jacksonville, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WAPE from 1958 to 1989
# Baguley valve gear

The Baguley valve gear is a type of steam engine valve gear invented by Ernest E. Baguley, the Chief Draughtsman of the W.G. Bagnall company of locomotive manufacturers and patented in 1893. It was used by Bagnall during Baguley's time there, then by his own company of Baguley Cars Ltd.

## History

The valve gear was invented by Ernest E. Baguley, the Chief Draughtsman of the W.G. Bagnall company of locomotive manufacturers and patented in 1893. A modified version was introduced in 1895 which eliminated a curved link.
Following Baguley's departure from Bagnall's in 1901 that company developed the Bagnall–Price valve gear which was primarily based on Walschaerts valve gear. Baker identifies one common feature retained from Baguley in Bagnall–Price: "the application of the lap and lead motion by oscillating the expansion link (or sector) bodily, and thus superimposing this motion on the. normal die block travel, the lead remaining constant in all positions of the gear."
Baguley formed his own company, Baguley Cars Ltd, in 1911, which constructed internal combustion engine vehicles. In 1920 a petrol-hydraulic engine, works No. 621, which had been started in 1914 but delayed by World War One, was completed as an 0-4-0ST steam locomotive works No. 2001 with original Baguley valve gear, the only standard gauge locomotive to ever be so fitted. The Company went on to complete 30 more steam locomotives through to 1928 all of which were fitted with Baugley value gear, mostly the modified variant.

## Operation

The valve gear is used to operate the inlet and outlet valves of reciprocating steam locomotives. It uses a rocking sector whose motion is driven via a link from a crankpin between the coupling and connecting rods. The ends of this link are circular and offset from the pivots. On these circular bosses the sector is oscillated by a second link from the rod to an extension to the rear of the sector.

## Locomotives with Baguley valve gear

Only a few locomotives with Baguley valve gear remain, the list is known to include:
* Isabel at Amerton Railway, an 0-4-0ST built in 1897 by W. G. Bagnall.
* Ledo Coal Mines 885 at the National Rail Museum, New Delhi, a 0-4-0ST built in 1897 by W. G. Bagnall.
* Rishra at the Leighton Buzzard Light Railway, an 0-4-0T built in 1921 by Baguley.
* Sea Lion at the Groudle Glen Railway, a 2-4-0T built in 1896 by W. G. Bagnall.
# Vânătorii Mici

Vânătorii Mici is a commune located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Corbeanca, Cupele, Izvoru, Poiana lui Stângă, Vâlcelele, Vânătorii Mari, Vânătorii Mici, and Zădăriciu.
The commune is situated in the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 126 m (413 ft), on the banks of the rivers Argeș and Neajlov. It is located at the northwestern extremity of Giurgiu County, on the border with Dâmbovița and Teleorman counties.
Vânătorii Mici is 80 km (50 mi) north of the county seat, the port city of Giurgiu, and 48 km (30 mi) west of the country's capital, Bucharest. It is crossed by national road DN61 [ro], which connects the town of Găești, 36 km (22 mi) to the northwest, to Giurgiu.
# Vârciorog Waterfall

The Vârciorog Waterfall is a tourist attraction and a protected area, located in the Apuseni Natural Park, Romania. It is situated on a small right tributary of the river Arieșul Mare, near the village Vanvucești. The waterfall is 15 m high.
# Catherine Dean (artist)

Catherine Dean (also known as Catherine Houthuesen) (16 October 1905 – 24 January 1983) was a British landscape and still-life artist, and at St Gabriel's Training College at the University of London, she was an instructor and head of the Art Department.

## Early life and education

Catherine Dean was born in Liverpool on 16 October 1905. Due to poor health, she attended a small private school from 1912 to 1920.
Dean obtained a scholarship to Liverpool School of Art in 1921. She was awarded a traveling scholarship and a scholarship to attend the Royal College of Art (RCA) in 1926. She met Albert Houthuesen, a fellow art student, in 1927. The following year she received a diploma in ARCA. In 1929 she took one year postgraduate training at RCA in painting.

## Career

She taught art in Manchester at Withington School for Girls beginning in 1929. She was a part-time lecturer at LCC training college and taught classes for teachers at Blackheath and Camberwell Schools of Art between 1931 and 1937.
In 1931, she married Albert Houthuesen. Sheep's Skull and Ferns (1935) is in Tate's collection.
She taught art at University of London's St Gabriel's Training College and became a lecturer in 1939, Senior Lecturer in 1945, and was made Principal Lecturer in 1956. She was known for her sensitivity and ability to bring out student's best qualities. During World War II, the college evacuated to Coventry and later near Doncaster. In 1945, she returned to London, but had no home. She became warden of the Elephant and Castle student's hostel. She lived with friends near Oxted in 1950 and purchased a house in Camberwell in 1952.
A third-year course with Catherine Houthuesen was offered to students to advance beyond the standard two-year art program. Her husband found works of art which became the 61-item St Gabriel's College Collection that spanned four centuries. In 1967, Catherine Houthuesen retired.

## Later years

Houthuesen took care of her seriously-ill husband from her retirement until his death in 1979. She then coordinated the Memorial Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings by Albert Houthuesen (1903–79) held in 1981 at the South London Art Gallery. In 1982, a solo exhibition of her work was held in London at the Mercury Gallery.
She died on 24 January 1983 and a memorial exhibition was held the following year at the Mercury Gallery.