OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hydrophis sibauensis

Hydrophis sibauensis, also known as the Kalimantan sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae that is native to Indonesia, and endemic to Borneo. The specific epithet sibauensis refers to the Sibau River.

## Behaviour

The species is viviparous.

## Distribution and habitat

The range of the snake is limited to the Sibau River, a tributary of the Kapuas River, in West Kalimantan, Borneo, in fresh water some 1,000 km upriver from the sea. The type locality is Putussibau.
# Pervasive refusal syndrome

Pervasive refusal syndrome (PRS), also known as pervasive arousal withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) is a rare hypothesized pediatric mental disorder. PRS is not included in the standard psychiatric classification systems; that is, PRS is not a recognized mental disorder in the World Health Organization's current (ICD-10) and upcoming (ICD-11) International Classification of Diseases and the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

## Purported signs and symptoms

According to some authors, PRS symptoms have common characteristics with other psychiatric disorders, but (according to these authors) current psychiatric classification schemes, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, cannot account for the full scope of symptoms seen in PRS. Purported symptoms include partial or complete refusal to eat, move, talk, or care for oneself; active and angry resistance to acts of help and support; social withdrawal; and school refusal.

## Hypothesized causes

Trauma might be a causal factor because PRS is repeatedly seen in refugees and witnesses to violence. Viral infections might be a risk factor for PRS.

## Mechanism

Some authors hypothesize that learned helplessness is one of the mechanisms involved in PRS. A number of cases have been reported in the context of eating disorders.

## Hypothesized epidemiology

Epidemiological studies are lacking. Pervasive refusal syndrome is reportedly more frequent in girls than boys. The average age of onset is purported to be 7–15.
# Grui (disambiguation)

Grui is a suborder of crane-like birds.
Grui may also refer to:
* Mușetești, a village in Romania
* Grui, a tributary of the river Amaradia in Gorj County, Romania
* Grui, a tributary of the river Dâmbovița in Călărași County, Romania
# State Committee for Justice of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The State Committee for Justice of the Republic of Bashkortostan is an agency of the government of Bashkortostan, headquartered in Platonov House. It is the successor of the former Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
As of 2015, the chief of the committee was Vladimir Spele who previously served from 2001–2006.
# Pele La

Pele La (Pele Pass; la means pass in Dzongkha) is a high-mountain motorable pass located in Bhutan.

## Location

From Wangdue Phodrang, one can travel east to Pele Pass in Bhutan's central region, which is located at an elevation of 3,420 m (11,220 ft). From its vantage point, on days with clear weather, observers can view Jomolhari soaring at 7,326 m (24,035 ft), Mount Jitchu Drake at 6,662 m (21,857 ft), and Mount Kang Bum standing tall at 6,526 m (21,411 ft).
The pass acts as a demarcation between the western and central regions of the country. Just at the pass, local artisans sell traditional Bhutanese handicrafts and handlooms.

## Gallery

* Chorten at Pele La Pass, Central Bhutan, c. March 2023
* Chorten at Pele La Pass, Central Bhutan, c. March 2023
* Chorten at Pele La Pass, Central Bhutan, c. March 2023
* Biological Corridor 08, Pele La Pass, Central Bhutan, c. March 2023
# Black Point Power Station

Black Point Power Station (Chinese: 龍鼓灘發電廠) is a gas-fired power station in Lung Kwu Tan, New Territories, Hong Kong. The power station is operated by CLP Group.

## History

In the late 1980s, China Light and Power (CLP) examined several potential sites for the construction of a new power station. The company came to favour Fan Lau in southern Lantau Island, but this was rejected by the government for environmental reasons, particularly the effects the station would have on Lantau South Country Park. On 20 August 1990, the company announced that it had instead proposed to the government to build the station at Black Point.
The original eight GE 9FA combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) units (C1 to C8) of the power station were commissioned in stages between 1996 and 2006. These 8 units have since been upgraded to 337.5 MW.
In 2017, CLP ordered a 550 MW Siemens SGT5-8000H CCGT unit (D1). This unit was completed and was operational mid-2020. A second CCGT unit (D2) with a capacity of 600 MW is expected to be operational by 2023.

## Operations

The station provides 3,225 MW of power. The complex consists of two halls with four turbines in each hall in C Station producing cleaner power when compared to coal. The last turbine was completed in 2006.
Since its commissioning, gas has been provided from the Yacheng offshore gas field, 750 km south of Hong Kong, in the South China Sea. CLP plans to increase usage of gas for its local generation when more gas becomes available, this change is in line with the Hong Kong Government's proposed enhancements to the Air Quality Objectives and Climate Change Strategy.

## Ownership

The station is owned by the Castle Peak Power Company Limited (CAPCO). CAPCO is 70 per cent owned by CLP Power Hong Kong Limited and 30 per cent by China Southern Power Grid International (HK) Co., Limited.
# Baburajapuram

Baburajapuram is a village in the Kumbakonam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Baburajapuram had a total population of 3101 with 1533 males and 1568 females. The sex ratio was 1023. The literacy rate was 75.24.
# Baburam Acharya

Baburam Acharya (Nepali: बाबुराम आचार्य) (1888–1971 AD) was a Nepalese historian and literary scholar. He is known as the historian laureate (इतिहास शिरोमणि) of Nepal. The four part biography of King Prithivi Narayan Shah, founder of Modern Nepal is a key series of work he created. He is known for the study of ancient Nepalese inscriptions.

## Sagarmatha

Nepal’s eminent historian late Baburam Acharya is credited with the Nepali name Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा) for Mount Everest that straddles Nepal-China border. Previously, Nepal had no official name of its own for the world’s tallest peak in Nepali, although names among many Nepalese people - Sherpa, Limbu, etc. existed long ago. What may not be true however is that he coined the name for the mountain. Baburam wrote an essay in the late 1930s in which he said that among the local population of the remote Everest region the mountain was popular by the name Sagarmatha (meaning the Head of the Earth touching the Heaven); some even called it Jhomolongma. In his own words:
   In the map of Nepal published by the then Survey of India Office, the name of the tallest peak of the Himalayan Mountain range was written as Mount Everest. In the map's second edition, the peak had two names: Mount Everest and the Tibetan name Chomolongma; but there was no Nepalese name. With a view to providing a Nepalese name, especially for the map, an investigative essay entitled as Sagarmatha or Jhomolongma was published in the Sharada, a Nepalese-language monthly.
The then rulers of Nepal took exception to publication of the essay and the historian was admonished. In his book A Brief Account of Nepal, Baburam wrote
   I was charged with attempting to bring about insult to the British by giving a Nepalese name to the peak already named after 'our friends,' and nearly deported from the country for publishing the article...
In his book China, Tibet and Nepal Baburam wrote: "The name Sagarmatha already existed; I only discovered it; it is not that I christened the mountain with a new name."
Two decades after the publication of the essay, the Nepalese government gave official recognition to the name.

## Publications

* The Bloodstained Throne: Struggles for Power in Nepal (1775–1914)
* Chin, Tibet ra Nepal
* Purana Kavi ra Kabita
* General Bhimsen Thapa: Yinko Utthan ra Patan
* Nepalko Sanskritic Parampara
* Hamro Rastrabhasa Nepali
* Shree Panch Pratapsingh Shah
* Prachinkaalko Nepal
* Nepalko Samchhipta Britanta
* Shree Panch Prithvi Narayan Shah ko Samchhipta Jeewani
* Baburam Acharya ra Unka Kriti

## Recognition

Acharya was commemorated in a stamp issued by the Government of Nepal 12 March 1973.

## Further Studies

* Sahitya ra Srasta.
# Vladimir Galuzin

Vladimir Galuzin (born August 6, 1988) is a professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with HC Vityaz in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

## Playing career

Galuzin made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing with Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod during the inaugural 2008–09 KHL season.
As one of the longest tenured players with Torpedo, Galuzin played the first fourteen seasons of his professional career with the club before leaving as a free agent following the 2018–19 season. On 1 May 2019, Galuzin agreed to a two-year contract with Metallurg Magnitogorsk. In the 2019–20 season, Galuzin struggled to adapt with Magnitogorsk in producing just 1 goal and 2 points in 17 games. On 17 December 2019, Galuzin left Metallurg on mutual grounds to join his third KHL club, Ak Bars Kazan, on a two-year deal.
On 4 July 2020, Galuzin continued his career in the KHL by agreeing to a one-year contract with HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk. In his lone season with Nizhnekamsk in 2020–21, Galuzin contributed with 5 goals and 18 points through 44 regular season games.
As a free agent, Galuzin signed a one-year contract with his fifth KHL club, Amur Khabarovsk, on 11 May 2021.
After splitting the 2021–22 season with Amur and Spartak Moscow, Galuzin signed as a free agent with HC Vityaz on 4 May 2022.
# BMG

BMG may refer to:

## Music

* B.M.G., a 2019 song by Keung To and Anson Lo

## Organizations

* Music publishing companies:
** Bertelsmann Music Group, a 1987–2008 division of Bertelsmann that was purchased by Sony on October 1, 2008
*** Sony BMG, a 2004–2008 joint venture of Bertelsmann and Sony that was purchased by Sony in late 2008
*** Sony Music, the purchaser of Sony BMG in 2008 and owner of the rights to its catalog
*** Ariola Records, sometimes known as "BMG Ariola", originally a separate company, acquired in 1987 by Bertelsmann Music Group, then by Sony BMG in 2002, then by Sony Music in 2008
** BMG Rights Management, a company established in late 2008 as a joint venture between Bertelsmann and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
* Baader-Meinhof Group, the former name of the Red Army Faction, one of the most violent and prominent left wing groups of post–World War II West Germany
* Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika, the former name of the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics
* Banco BMG, formerly known as Banco de Minas Gerais, a Brazilian bank
* Bank Mendes Gans, a Dutch bank
* Beacon Medical Group, an Irish healthcare company
* Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a large U.S. charitable foundation
* Blue Man Group, a (primarily American) performance art group
* Bohlen, Meyer, Gibson and Associates, an architectural firm in Indianapolis, Indiana
* Borussia Mönchengladbach, a German football club based in Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia

## Places

* Beth Medrash Govoha, a Haredi yeshiva in Lakewood Township, New Jersey
* Monroe County Airport (Indiana) (IATA code: BMG), a county-owned public-use airport

## Publications

* BMG (magazine) (for banjo, mandolin, and guitar), a magazine founded in 1903 by Clifford Essex (1869–1946) of London, England

## Science and technology

* Bulk metallic glass (BMG), a type of alloy, amorphous metal
* β2-Microglobulin (BMG) a protein
* benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG)
* Bedside strip Measurement of venous/capillary blood Glucose (BMG)

## Weaponry

* Browning machine gun, various machine gun designs by John Browning
* .50 BMG, a cartridge developed for the Browning .50 caliber machine gun in the late 1910s
# Pedro Cerezo Galán

Pedro Cerezo Galán (born 14 February 1935, Hinojosa del Duque) is a Spanish philosopher and university professor. His specialty is contemporary Western philosophy, including modern Spanish thinkers such as José Ortega y Gasset, Xavier Zubiri and Antonio Machado.

## Biography

He graduated from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in 1958, with a degree in philosophy and literature, and obtained his doctorate there three years later. His thesis on the concept of ousia in Aristotle was published as a book in 1962. This was followed by studies at the University of Freiburg and the University of Heidelberg. He was also a Fellow at the Spanish National Research Council, the Goethe-Institut and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
In 1968, he became an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Barcelona then, two years later, obtained the chair of history and philosophy at the University of Granada, where he remained until his retirement, serving as dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and letters. He is currently a Professor Emeritus.
In the general elections of 1982, he was chosen as a deputy, representing the District of Granada for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. From 1989 to 1991, he was a member of the advisory committee at the Juan March Foundation. In 2014, he was awarded the Menéndez Pelayo International Prize.

## Selected writings

* Palabra en el tiempo: Poesía y filosofía en Antonio Machado, Gredos, 1975 ISBN 84-249-0661-6
* La voluntad de aventura: Aproximaciones críticas al pensamiento de Ortega y Gasset, Ariel, 1984 ISBN 978-84-344-8709-3
* Las máscaras de lo trágico: Filosofía y tragedia en Miguel de Unamuno, Trotta, 1996 ISBN 978-84-8164-067-0
* El mal del siglo. El conflicto entre Ilustración y Romanticismo en la crisis finisecular del siglo XIX, Biblioteca Nueva, 2004 ISBN 978-84-974276-7-8
* Ética pública. Ethos civil, Biblioteca Nueva, 2010 ISBN 978-84-994016-4-5
* José Ortega y Gasset y la razón práctica, Biblioteca Nueva, 2011 ISBN 978-84-994019-0-4
# Pedro Duarte (footballer, born 1978)

Pedro Miguel Mimoso Duarte (born 22 April 1978 in Setúbal) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a left back.
# Illuppaiyur

Illuppaiyur is a village in Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The village is near the river Kundaru. Illupai trees are found in abundance in this area; the village gets its name from this.
Mostly two communities reside here, Nadar and Chettiar. Illuppaiyur has more than five temples.

## Demographics

As per census 2001, Illuppaiyur had a total population of 3231 with 1511 males and 1720 females.
# Stigmella eberhardi

Stigmella eberhardi is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is widespread in the Mediterranean region, north to southern central Europe. It has been recorded from the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, south-eastern France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sardinia, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Greece and Turkey.
The wingspan is 4.9-6.8 mm. Adults are on wing from April to September. There are two generations per year.
The larvae feed on Quercus ilex, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus robur and Quercus suber. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Imeni Shaumyana

Imeni Shaumyana may refer to:
* Shahumyan, Lori, Armenia
* Shahumyan, Yerevan, Armenia
* Şaumyanovka, Azerbaijan
* Selo imeni Shaumyana, Dagestan, Russia
# Imeni Sverdlova, Kazakhstan

Imeni Sverdlova is a village in Almaty Region, in south-eastern Kazakhstan.
# Igornay

Igornay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Babu Khan Tahir

Babu Khan Tahir is a former Pakistani cricketer and umpire. He stood in one ODI game in 1984.
# Stiretrus

Stiretrus is a genus of predatory stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. There are about six described species in Stiretrus.

## Species

These eight species belong to the genus Stiretrus:
* Stiretrus anchorago (Fabricius, 1775) (anchor stink bug)
* Stiretrus bifrenatus Breddin, 1906
* Stiretrus cinctellus Germar, 1839
* Stiretrus decastigmus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838
* Stiretrus decemguttatus (Lepeletier & Serville, 1828)
* Stiretrus erythrocephalus (Lepeletier & Serville, 1828)
* Stiretrus loratus Germar, 1839
* Stiretrus quinquepunctatus Germar, 1839
# Stiremania

Stiremania is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Stiremania karoo Cerretti & O'Hara, 2016
* Stiremania robusta Cerretti & O'Hara, 2016

## Distribution

South Africa.
# Pelitçik, Osmancık

Pelitçik is a village in the Osmancık District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 78 (2022).
# Pellaea andromedifolia

Pellaea andromedifolia, with the common names coffee cliffbrake and coffee fern, is a species of cliff brake fern in the Cheilanthoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is native to California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico.

## Description

This plant does not have the immediately recognizable sharply pointed leaflets on its fronds that many other ferns have. Its leaves bear rounded or oval-shaped segments widely spaced along the rachis. Each segment may curl under along its edges. The leaves are green when new, then turn red, purplish, or brown.
Some individuals of this species are diploid and reproduce sexually, while some are triploid or tetraploid and reproduce by apogamy (growth of a plant from a gamete without fertilization).

## Habitat

Pellaea andromedifolia is found on rocky outcrops and dry slopes in coastal, Mojave Desert, and California chaparral and woodlands habitats. It is able to take long periods without water, when it will shrivel and appear dead. Then shortly after rainfall new growth appears quickly from the ground. It is not crown forming, but spreading slowly and forming clumps.
# Pellaea calidirupium

Pellaea calidirupium, the hot rock fern, is a fern of eastern Australia and New Zealand restricted to rocky areas in relatively arid environments. In Tasmania, where it is considered rare, it is only found on the East Coast, the Midlands, and lower slopes of the Central Plateau on dry rock faces. It is also found in Victoria and Queensland. The species was originally described from New Zealand.
The fronds may be up to 50 cm long. They are sexually dimorphic with shorter sterile fronds with up to 12 pinnae. The stipe can occupy nearly half the length of the frond. Reddish brown scales and hairs cover both the stipe and rachis. The spore bearing rachis may have up to 40 pinnae each borne on a short stalk. The leaves are glossy green with characteristic in-rolled sori as a band around the paler green underside of each pinna. The terminal pinnae is sometimes greatly enlarged.
# Visa policy of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Visitors to Saint Kitts and Nevis must obtain a visa, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.

## Freedom of movement

Citizens of the following 5 countries have the right to reside and work indefinitely in Saint Kitts and Nevis without any restrictions:
* Antigua and Barbuda
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

## Visa exemption

Citizens of the following countries and territories can visit Saint Kitts and Nevis as tourists without a visa, for stays up to the duration listed below:
| Bahamas  Barbados  Belize | Canada  Guyana  Jamaica | Suriname  Trinidad and Tobago  United States |
| Albania  Argentina  Australia  Bahrain  Bangladesh  Bolivia  Botswana  Brazil  Brunei  Chile  Colombia  Costa Rica  Ecuador  Egypt  El Salvador  Eswatini  Fiji  Gambia  Georgia  Ghana  Guatemala | Honduras  Hong Kong  Iceland  India  Israel  Japan  Jordan  Kenya  Kiribati  Kuwait  Lesotho  Liechtenstein  Malawi  Malaysia  Maldives  Malta  Mauritius  Mexico  Moldova  Monaco  Nauru | New Zealand  Nicaragua  Nigeria  North Macedonia  Norway  Panama  Papua New Guinea  Paraguay  Peru  Qatar  Russia  Rwanda  San Marino  Saudi Arabia  Serbia  Seychelles  Sierra Leone  Singapore  Solomon Islands  South Africa  South Korea | Sri Lanka  Switzerland  Taiwan  Tanzania  Tonga  Turkey  Tuvalu  Uganda  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates  United Kingdom$^1$  Uruguay  Vanuatu  Vatican City  Venezuela  Zambia  Zimbabwe |
| Belarus | China | Indonesia | Macao |
* Cuba
$_{1—6monthsforBOTCpassportholdersofMontserrat,and3monthsforallotherclassesofBritishnationality.}$
Additionally, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs does not name the following countries on the list of countries that need visas to travel to Saint Kitts and Nevis:
| Marshall Islands  Morocco  Montenegro  Oman | South Sudan  Sudan  Togo |
Cruise ship passengers can visit Saint Kitts and Nevis for up to 24 hours without a visa.
Holders of diplomatic or official passports issued to nationals of Haiti and holders of normal passports travelling on business do not require a visa for Saint Kitts and Nevis for up to 6 months.
Visa exemption agreements for all passports were signed with San Marino on 1 February 2019, Togo on 24 March 2019, Marshall Islands on 29 October 2019 and they are not yet ratified. A visa-waiver agreement was signed with Sudan; however, it has yet to be ratified.

## e-Visa

Visitors from countries that require a visa for Saint Kitts and Nevis can apply for an e-Visa. With a printed approval they are issued a visa on arrival by an Immigration Officer for a fee of USD 100. The maximum length of stay is 30 days.
# Iguaçu

Iguaçu or Iguazú may refer to:

## Inhabited places

* Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
* Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
* Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Nova Iguaçu de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
* Iguaçu Territory, a former Brazilian federal territory
* Iguaçu state, a proposed Brazilian state

## Rivers

* Iguazu River, a river in Brazil and Argentina
** Iguazu Falls, on the Iguazu River

## Other uses

* Iguaçu, a 1977 album by Passport
* 1684 Iguassú, a main belt asteroid
* Iguaçu National Park (Brazil)
* Iguazú National Park (Argentina)
# Volaka

Volaka (pronounced) is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of Hotavlje in the Municipality of Gorenja Vas–Poljane in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

The name Volaka is believed to refer to early foreign-born residents of the settlement, related to the word Vlach.

## History

Volaščica Creek, which runs through the settlement, was set as the original border of the Dominion of Freising in AD 973. Oral tradition states that in the 11th century a castle owned by Hemma of Gurk stood on Gradišče Hill above the settlement. In the 17th century, iron ore was dug in the area and carried across the hills to Potok and Železniki for processing. For a number of years a foundry operated in Volaka.
# Volana

Volana is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was erected by Paul Griveaud in 1976.

## Species

Some species of this genus are:
* Volana cyclota (Collenette, 1959)
* Volana flavescens Griveaud, 1977
* Volana lakato Griveaud, 1977
* Volana lichenodes (Collenette, 1936)
* Volana masoala Griveaud, 1977
* Volana mniara (Collenette, 1936)
* Volana perineti Griveaud, 1977
* Volana phloeodes (Collenette, 1936)
# Vitis chungii

Vitis chungii is a polygamo-dioecious species of wild grape native to China (in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi provinces) where it is known by the name min gan pu tao, or Fujian Jianxi grape. It is a forest inhabitant, 200–1000 meters above sea-level, on hillsides, in valleys, or other areas having wild, shrubby growth. It bears globular, ruddy-purple berries, 8–10 mm in diameter.