OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sludging

Sludging is a very simple well drilling method developed in ancient India but still used extensively in developing countries, where capital is scarce, but manpower abundant.
A pipe is moved up and down in a hole filled with water (mud). Every time the pipe hits the bottom, some soil material is loosened and suspended into the drilling mud, which is continuously pumped out of the borehole by a valve, taking advantage of the same reciprocating movement.
In its basic form, a bamboo pipe (internal knots removed) is used, and the operator uses his hand on top of this pipe as a valve. On upstroke, a vacuum is created in the pipe under the operator's hand and the column of mud in the pipe is lifted. On downstroke, new mud enters the pipe from beneath and the upper portion is expulsed.
For wells deeper than about 10 metres, and especially when heavier metal drill pipe is used, a lifting device is installed. This ranges from a rope over a pulley or a pole, attached to the drill pipe with a rope and used as a lever. In this case, the driller only acts on downstroke, giving an extra push to the drill stem, while the upward movement is assured by other workers, pulling the rope or pushing down the lever, or by a small motor.
The basic method will work only in loose (clay, silt, sand and light gravel) soils, but adaptations of the principle are applied in a number of modern hand drilling methods, with valves either at the top or at the bottom of the pipe and with various models of drill bits for different soil conditions. Well documented examples are the Rota-sludge, Baptist and some variants of the EMAS drilling methods.
Perhaps the simplest and cheapest of them all is the Baptist well drilling method, which uses lightweight and cheap PVC pipe for most of the drill stem and in which the drill bit doubles as a foot valve. Wells over 100 metres deep have been drilled this way.
# Sludge incineration

Sludge incineration is a sewage sludge treatment process using incineration. It generates thermal energy from sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants. The process is in operation in Germany where Klärschlammverbrennung GmbH in Hamburg incinerates 1.3m tonnes of sludge annually. The process has also been trialed in China, where it has been qualified as an environmental investment project. However the energy balance of the process is not high, as sludge needs drying before incinerating.
Sewage sludge can be incinerated in mono-incineration or co-incineration plants. In co-incineration, sewage sludge is not the only fuel and it can be processed at coal fired power plants, cement plants and in some waste incineration facility.

## Examples

Germany currently has around 27 mono-incineration facilities, where only sewage sludge is processed.
# Tägerschen

Tägerschen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.
The municipality also contained the villages Karlishub and Thürn.
In 1999 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Tobel to form a new and larger municipality Tobel-Tägerschen.

## History

The village was first recorded in year 762 as Tegarascha.
In the 8th and 9th century much of the village was acquired by the Abbey of St. Gallen. The court rights were originally held by the Counts of Toggenburg through their servants, the Heitnau family. These rights transferred in 1258 to the Knights Hospitaller Commandry of Tobel. These rights gradually expanded until 1500, by which time they had complete manor and court rights. The only exceptions was a house that had been granted freedom from local lords in 1547. The ownership of this house changed often in the following centuries. Between 1798 and 1871 this house served as the headquarters of the district governor of Tobel. Later, it housed an embroidery, and then a dairy that is still in existence.
Catholics and Protestants were divided into the parishes of Tobel and Affeltrangen.
The first village laws were documented in 1490 and regulated the daily life. Grain was cultivated in the three-field system with some viticulture. In the 19th century the economy transitioned to produce hay, with some fruit production starting in 1911. Between 1870 and 1914 the village shared in the embroidery boom and in 1910 there were 26 embroidery workers in the village. In 1924, a needle factory opened followed in 1978 by a tank farm for petroleum products with rail access to the Thurgau-Bahn rail-line.

## Historic population

The historical population is given in the following table:
| Year | Population |
| 1850 | 226 |
| 1880 | 188 |
| 1910 | 253 |
| 1970 | 263 |
| 1990 | 389 |
# Skyguard

Skyguard may refer to:
* Skyguard (area defense system)
* The Skyguard radar system used with Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon
* Skyguard Ltd Lone Worker Protection
# Täheke

Täheke is a children's magazine published in Tallinn, Estonia, by Kultuurileht SA.
Its first issue was published in January 1960. From 1960 to 2005, the magazine was published by Perioodika.
# Anil Chopra (admiral)

Vice Admiral Anil Chopra, PVSM, AVSM is a retired Indian Navy Flag officer, who served as Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command from 2014 to 2015.
He previously served as Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command from 1 November 2011, after having served as Director General Indian Coast Guard from 2008.

## Naval career

He joined the Indian Navy on July 1, 1975. and commanded the corvette INS Kuthar (1993–94), the destroyer INS Rajput (2000-2001) and the aircraft carrier, INS Viraat (2003-2004).
He was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal in 2007.

## Awards and decorations

| Param Vishisht Seva Medal | Ati Vishisht Seva Medal | Paschimi Star | Sangram Medal |
| Operation Parakram Medal | Videsh Seva Medal | 50th Anniversary of Independence Medal | 25th Anniversary of Independence Medal |
| 30 Years Long Service Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 9 Years Long Service Medal |
# Anil Das

Anil Das is a Malayalam film director and screenwriter from Kerala, India.
His debut movie was Sargavasantham (1995), written by the Kakkanadan. Another movie of Anil Das was Alice - A True Story (2014). The movie with the star cast of Priyamani, Rahul Madhav, and Pratap Pothen.

## Filmography

* Sargavasantham (1995)
* Bharathan Effect (2007)
* Alice : A True Story (2014)
# Anil Deshpande

Anil Deshpande (born 2 August 1952) is an Indian former first-class cricketer who played for Vidarbha. He worked as a selector for the Indian team from 1998 to 2000.

## Career

Deshpande played as an all-rounder for Vidarbha across 13 seasons. He made 62 first-class appearances, scoring more than 3000 runs and taking 88 wickets. He was a regular member of Central Zone cricket team during his career and made 21 first-class appearances for the team. Although he did not play international matches, Deshpande represented Central Zone against visiting Australian, English, Pakistani, Sri Lankan and West Indies teams in first-class matches.
In 1998, Deshpande became a member of the Indian team selection panel, representing Central Zone. He resigned from the position in 2000, citing personal reasons. Later in his career, he also stood as an umpire in cricket matches.
# Hibbitt

Hibbitt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kenny Hibbitt (born 1951), English footballer and manager
* Larry Hibbitt, English songwriter and record producer
* Terry Hibbitt (1947–1994), English footballer and manager
# Tywa

The Tywa is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the East Oder river with a length of 47.9 km and catchment area of 264.5 km$^2$. It flows from Lake Myślibórz the Plain Wełtyńską (at Coastland Szczecin), in Western Pomerania.
The river flows from a small lake south of Trzcińsko-Zdrój, through eight ribbon lakes (the largest of which is Lake Banská), and the Eastern Oder passes south of Gryfino, where its waters are used to cool the Dolna Odra Power Plant. Larger towns nearby include Trzcińsko-Zdroj, Strzeszów, Swobnica, Lubanowo, and Tywica.
SNQ reliable flow calculated for the section of the mouth of the river is 0.71 m$^3$/s.
* This article related to a river in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Omorgus nanningensis

Omorgus nanningensis is a species of hide beetle in the subfamily Omorginae.
# Omorgus monteithi

Omorgus monteithi is a species of hide beetle in the subfamily Omorginae.
# U-bit

In quantum mechanics, the u-bit or ubit is a proposed theoretical entity which arises in attempts to reformulate wave functions using only real numbers instead of the complex numbers conventionally used.

## Description

In order to discover the real probability of a given quantum event occurring, the conventional calculation carries out an operation, analogous to squaring, on an associated set of complex numbers. A complex number involves the use of the square root of minus one, a number which is described as "imaginary" in contrast to the familiar "real" numbers used for counting and describing real physical objects. Because the computed result is required to be a real number, information is lost in the computation.
This situation is regarded as unsatisfactory by some researchers, who seek an alternative formulation which does not involve the square root of minus one. Bill Wootters, of Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, and colleagues have derived such a model. This model requires the presence of a universal entity which is quantum-entangled with every quantum wave and which he calls the u-bit.
Mathematically the u-bit may be represented as a vector rotating in a real two-dimensional plane. It has no known physical representation in the real world.
# Slype

The term slype is a variant of slip in the sense of a narrow passage; in architecture, the name for the covered passage usually found in monasteries or cathedrals between the transept and the chapter house, as at St Andrews, Winchester, Gloucester, Exeter, Durham, St. Albans, Sherborne and Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. At St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin, it is, with the chapter house, one of only two remaining rooms.
   In general, the Benedictine chapter-house, as it took form in England, was an oblong room about twice as long as wide ... either north or south of the transept, from which it was separated by a narrow passage or chamber called a "slype."
   Its place is supplied by the Sacristry in Cistercian houses. It occurs in the Clugniac convent of Bromholme, and in that of Austin Canons at Newstead. At New college, Oxford, it is the passage between the backs of the houses and the city walls ....
# Orin R. Smith

Orin R. Smith was chairman and chief executive officer of the Engelhard Corporation from 1995 to 2000. He joined Engelhard as vice president in 1977, became president in 1984. Prior to joining Engelhard, Smith served as president of M&T Chemicals. Smith served on the advisory board for the New Jersey Institute of Technology and is a trustee of Centenary College of New Jersey. He is also a board member for Ingersoll-Rand and Vulcan Materials Company.
Smith is also a recipient of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor. A resident of the Gladstone section of Peapack-Gladstone, New Jersey, Smith graduated with honors from Brown University and holds an M.B.A. from Seton Hall University's Stillman School of Business.
# Ann Twinam

Ann Twinam (born Cairo, Illinois 1946) is an American historian of colonial Latin America.

## Education

Twinam graduated from Northern Illinois University in 1968, and earned her master's (1972) and doctorate (1976) in history from Yale University. Her dissertation was published as a monograph in 1982 as Miners, Merchants, and Farmers in Colonial Colombia (University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1982) and in a Spanish translation, Comerciantes y Labradores: Las Raíces del Espiritu Empresarial en Antioquia: 1763-1810 (Fundación Antioqueña para los Estudios Sociales, Medellín, Colombia, 1985).

## Career

She is a professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin. She taught at the University of Cincinnati from 1974 to 1998, where she received tenure in 1981. She won the 2016 Beveridge Award from the American Historical Association, the Bolton-Johnson Prize from the Conference on Latin American History, the Bryce Wood Book Award from the Latin American Studies Association, and the Bandelier/Lavrin Book Prize in Colonial Latin American History from the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies (RMCLAS). She won the 2000 Thomas F. McGann Book Prize from RMCLAS for Public Lives, Private Secrets: Gender, Honor, Sexuality and Illegitimacy in Colonial Spanish America and Honorable Mention in 2001 Bolton Prize from the Conference on Latin American History. This work was translated to Spanish as Vidas públicas, secretos privados: Género, honor, sexualidad e ilegitimidad en la Hispanoamérica colonial Twinam was chair of the Conference on Latin American History (2003–04), the professional organization of historians of Latin America, affiliated with the American Historical Association.
# Hier

Hier is the surname of:
* Ethel Glenn Hier (1889–1971), American composer, teacher and pianist
* Marvin Hier (born 1939), dean and founder of the Simon Wiesenthal Center
# Small nucleolar RNA Z102/R77

In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA RZ102/R77 refers to a group of related non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules which function in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are modifying RNAs and usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis.
These two snoRNAs R77 and Z102 were identified in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and rice Oryza sativa respectively. These related snoRNAs are predicted to belong to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Z102 and R77 and are members of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
# Hierodula everetti

Hierodula everetti is a species of praying mantis in the family Mantidae.
# Tête aux Chamois

The Tête aux Chamois (2,525 m) is a summit of the Diablerets massif, overlooking the Col du Pillon in the canton of Vaud. It is accessible by aerial tramway from the Col du Pillon and from Reusch via Oldenegg (canton of Bern). From the summit of the Tête aux Chamois another aerial tramway leads to the summit of the Scex Rouge and the nearby Tsanfleuron Glacier.
On the northern cliffs is a via ferrata. The mountain hut Cabane des Diablerets, owned by the Swiss Alpine Club, is located on the saddle south of the summit (2,485 m).
# Onesidezero (album)

Onesidezero is the second studio album by Onesidezero. The album was released on June 5, 2007, almost six years after their major label debut Is This Room Getting Smaller. The album was promoted through a minor tour across the western United States alongside Re:Ignition and Adema.
A remastered version of the album was released in 2019 with a recoloured cover.

## Personnel
### Onesidezero

* Jasan Radford — vocals
* Levon Sultanian — guitars, backing vocals
* Cristian Hernandez — bass, backing vocals
* Rob Basile — drums
# Ann Rowles

Ann Rowles is an American mixed-media sculptor. She lives and works in Atlanta, U.S.

## Early life and education

Rowles received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Studio Art in 1969,and a Master of Fine Arts degree in Sculpture in 1990, both from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

## Career

Rowles has had several solo exhibitions in the United States, and participated in many group shows in the US and abroad. She has been a visiting artist at the Vermont College of Fine Arts and Western Carolina University, among others, and served as a juror and curator at venues throughout the Southeastern US. Rowles has been active with the Women's Art Movement since 1980, and affiliated with SOHO20 Gallery since 1992. She is the co-founder of the Women’s Caucus for Art of Georgia and has been on the National Women's Caucus for Art Board of Directors since 2004.

## Work

Rowles uses mixed media to investigate the material substance and structure of the human body. Her major series of work include Re-constructions (2014- ); Contortions (2004–13); Hyperplasia (1989–98); and Vests (1982-). Prior to 2000, Rowles’s work dealt with the social and emotional associations of clothing. For Vests, she created soft, suspended sculptures from a variety of materials, such as vinyl, rubber, plastic toys, zippers, and chenille wire, which playfully critique gender norms. With the Contortion series, Rowles turned to the structure of the body itself, crocheting forms suggestive of osteoporotic bones and digestive tracks. Specifically invoking the aging body, the sculptures were inspired by the artist’s experience of caring for her elderly mother. For Re-Constructions, Rowles created suspended sculptures out of molded layers of sheer fabric, to which she added wire mesh, crepe hair, rubber, bone, and silkscreened imagery. The visceral, skin-like quality of this work is reminiscent of Louise Bourgeois’s sculptures of the 1960s.

### Major solo exhibitions

Riffs and Contortions, The Arts Exchange Gallery, Atlanta, GA, 2013.
Soft Works, Jim Cherry LRC Gallery, Georgia Perimeter College, Clarkston, GA, 2009.
Cut to Size, Chelsea Gallery, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, 2003.
Closet Installation: Memory & Fantasy, Artspace, Raleigh, NC; University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Cone Galleries, Charlotte, NC; Durham Art Guild, Durham, NC; Gallery A, Raleigh, NC; Brevard College, Brevard, NC.
Threads, Spirit Square Center for the Arts, Charlotte, NC; Meredith College, Weems Gallery, Raleigh, NC.
Hyperplasia, Hanes Art Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Durham Art Guild, Durham, NC, 1988.
Garments, Center/Gallery, Carrboro, NC, 1987.
Emerging Icons, Center/Gallery, Carrboro, NC, 1987.

### Public collections

William King Regional Art Center, Abingdon, VA.
North Carolina Center for the Advancement of Teaching, Cullowhee, NC.
# Orange Walk

Orange Walk may refer to:
* Orange Walk District, a district of Belize
* Orange Walk Town, the town of Belize
* Orange walk, a series of parades held annually by members of the Orange Order
# Orazly Annageldyev

Orazly Annageldyev (born 1960) is a Chess Grandmaster from Turkmenistan.
# Smith & Wesson Model 6904

The Smith & Wesson 6904 is a 9mm DA/SA (traditional double action) semi-automatic pistol.

## History and design

The 6900-series is a third-generation version of Smith & Wesson's 69 series, which were compact 9mm pistols with double-column magazines. The 69-series pistols were designed to be small enough for easy concealed carry, but possessed considerable firepower, making them suitable as service weapons. It supplanted the Smith & Wesson Model 469, but featured some minor refinements. As with the Model 469, the barrel length was 3.5 inches, and the magazine capacity was 12 rounds.
The Model 6904 featured a blued carbon steel slide and a black anodized aluminum alloy frame. The Model 6906 was similar to the Model 6904 except that the 6906 had a stainless steel slide and a matching color satin-finished aluminum alloy frame.

## DAO Models

The Model 6944 and Model 6946 are double-action-only (DAO) variants of the 6904 and 6906, respectively. These models omit the manual safety/decocking lever found on the latter pistols.
# U52

U52 may refer to:

## Naval vessels

* German submarine U-52, various vessels
* HMIS Godavari (U52), a sloop of the Royal Indian Navy
* U-52-class submarine of the Austro-Hungarian Navy

## Other uses

* Beaver Municipal Airport (Utah)
* Great stellated dodecahedron
* Small nucleolar RNA SNORD52
# U57

U57 or U-57 may refer to:
* German submarine U-57, various vessels
* Great snub icosidodecahedron
* HMS Black Swan (U57), a sloop of the Royal Navy
* Small nucleolar RNA SNORD57
# U5

U5 or U-5 may refer to:

## Biochemistry

* U5 spliceosomal RNA
* mtDNA haplogroup U5, within Haplogroup U

## Transport
### Aviation

* SkyUp MT (IATA code U5), a Maltese airline subsidiary of SkyUp Airlines
* Karinou Airlines (former IATA code: U5), former airline of the Central African Republic
* USA3000 Airlines (former IATA code: U5), former airline based in Pennsylvania, US

### Land transport

* U5 (Berlin U-Bahn), a subway line in Germany
* U-5, a Munich U-Bahn subway line in Germany
* Aiways U5, a 2019 Chinese electric car model
* Luxgen U5, a 2017 Taiwanese car model
* Utah State Route 5 (disambiguation), one of two American highways
* Beijing U5, a Chinese car

### Submarines

* German submarine U-5, several submarines
** SM U-5 (Germany), the lead boat of the class
* U-5-class submarine (Austria-Hungary), a class of three built 1908–1911
** SM U-5 (Austria-Hungary), the class's lead boat

## Other uses

* U5, a music partnership between the X5 Music Group and Universal labels
* U5, an unemployment figure released by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
* Ultima V: Warriors of Destiny, a 1988 computer role-playing game
# U56

U56 may refer to:
* German submarine U-56, various vessels
* Rhombicosahedron
* Small nucleolar RNA SNORD56
# Order of Defence Merit

The Order of Defence Merit is an award of the Brazilian Military, established on 10 June 2002 by decree No. 4263. The order is presented in five grades and recognizes distinguished service and exceptional contributions to Brazil by members of the Brazilian Military and the armies of friendly nations as well as civilians, and, less common, to organizations and institutions.

## Grades

The five grades are Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer, and Knight.
Ribbons :
| Grand Cross Grã-Cruz | Grand Officer Grande-Oficial | Commander Comendador | Officer Oficial | Knight Cavaleiro |

## Notable recipients

* Édouard Guillaud, France (Officer)
* Elon Musk, American Inventor (2022, Commander)
# Smoke exhaust ductwork

Smoke exhaust ductwork, in Europe, is typically protected via passive fire protection means, subject to fire testing (typically to NBN EN 1366-8) and listing and approval use and compliance. It is used to remove smoke from buildings, ships or offshore structures to enable emergency evacuation as well as improved firefighting. In North America, fireproofed ductwork may be used for the purpose of smoke exhaust, but it is more common to use unfireproofed return air ductwork, whereby no fire testing or listings are employed to qualify the ductwork for this use.

## Means of construction

Smoke exhaust can be built using:
* ordinary sheet metal with external fireproofing treatment; or
* a proprietary duct that is inherently fire-resistant; or
* Fire resistant materials, such as calcium silicate.
# Onion Creek Bridge

Onion Creek Bridge may refer to:
* Onion Creek Bridge, the former name of the bridge in the Moore's Crossing Historic District, in rural Travis County, Texas, nine miles southeast of Austin, Texas
* Onion Creek Bridge (Coffeyville, Kansas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Kansas
# Onion Lake 119-1

Onion Lake 119-1 is an Indian reserve of the Onion Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.