OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Human Friendly Transmission

The Human Friendly Transmission is the marketing name of a proprietary continuously variable transmission (CVT) made by Honda for its motorcycles, including the Honda DN-01 and EVO6 concept motorcycle.
The electronically controlled automatic transmission system is unlike more familiar belt-driven CVT systems used on scooters, nor does it have a torque converter, typical of automotive applications. Instead it is a hydrostatic drive that employs a variable displacement axial piston pump with a variable-angle swashplate. Prior to the DN-01, this type of system had not been used in road-going consumer motor vehicles, though it is familiar in industrial applications and heavy equipment such as forklifts and the US Air Force's MJ-1 bomb lift truck, in use since the 1950s. Honda has also dabbled in this technology since the 1950s. It appeared on their 2001 FourTrax Rubicon 4-wheel, off-road ATV.
The electronic controls allow the motorcycle to be operated in three modes: Drive, Sport and Manual. In Drive and Sport, it functions much like a CVT scooter, with infinitely variable gearing upshifted and downshifted automatically for what the system determines to be optimal performance. Unlike a scooter, engine braking is always available when decelerating. The difference between Drive and Sport modes is that Drive is optimized for economy while Sport is more responsive. In Manual mode, the transmission operates in one of six discrete gears chosen by the rider by pushing a plus/minus button on the left handlebar. It feels much like a normal motorcycle, including hitting the rev limiter at the top of each gear, but the electronic control unit (ECU) prevents upshifting and downshifting too soon. In all modes, it automatically returns to the lowest gear when stopped. It is also possible to switch into neutral while stopped, unlike a scooter.
# Grünbach, Saxony

Grünbach is a municipality in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany.

## Population development

Historical population (31 December):
| 1971: 2,374 1998: 2,085 1999: 2,054 2000: 2,098 | 2001: 2,097 2002: 2,069 2003: 1,997 2004: 1,975 | 2007: 1,894 2008: 1,881 2012: 1,810 2013: 1,787 |
# The Hub of Hubbard

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The Hub of Hubbard is an album by trumpeter Freddie Hubbard. It was recorded at Villingen, Black Forest, Germany on December 9, 1969. It was released on the MPS label and features performances by Hubbard, Eddie Daniels, Sir Roland Hanna, Richard Davis and Louis Hayes.

## Track listing

* "Without a Song" (Edward Eliscu, Billy Rose, Vincent Youmans) - 12:50
* "Just One of Those Things" (Cole Porter) - 7:14
* "Blues for Duane" (Freddie Hubbard) - 7:32
* "The Things We Did Last Summer" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne) - 7:19
* "Muses for Richard Davis" (Hanna) - 5:49 Bonus track on CD reissue

## Personnel

* Freddie Hubbard - trumpet
* Eddie Daniels - tenor saxophone
* Roland Hanna - piano
* Richard Davis - bass
* Louis Hayes - drums
# The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is a major report on the genetic resources of breeds of farm livestock in the world. It was published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2007. It covers mammalian and avian domestic livestock breeds, but does not include fish or honey bees and other invertebrates. It is based on information submitted to the FAO, in the form of reports of participating countries, thematic studies prepared by experts and data on individual breeds submitted to DAD-IS. An annex to the report, the List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, gives an estimate of conservation status for all breeds for which sufficient data had been received. The report has been translated into Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, Russian and Spanish.
In 2015 a second edition of the report, The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources, was published. The second report emphasizes changes in the status and management of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture that occurred in the eight-year period following the publication of the original version. The second report has been translated into Chinese.
# Pleiospilos nelii

Pleiospilos nelii, the split rock, splitrock or living granite, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aizoaceae, native to South Africa. It grows in semi-arid areas with rainfall of between 150mm and 300mm, in the Karoo of South Africa.

## Etymology

The species epithet nelii honours the South African botanist Gert Cornelius Nel. The common name "split rock" refers to the appearance of the plant's leaves.

## Description

Pleiospilos nelii is a succulent perennial which can reach a height of 5–8 cm (2–3 in) and a diameter of about 10 cm (4 in). This very short-stemmed, nearly stemless plant has one or more pairs of opposite, almost hemispherical, grey-green or brownish leaves. The surface of the leaves has many small dark spots. A new pair of leaves is produced each year, replacing an older pair. This plant closely resembles a small cracked rock (hence the common name), an appearance which may have evolved as a defence against herbivory. The superficially daisy-like flowers are yellow-orange, 6–7.5 cm (2–3 in) across, and emerge from the plant's apical bud. The flowers are large in relation to the size of the plant. Each flower opens in the afternoon and closes at sunset, over a bloom period of several days.

## Cultivation

P. nelii is one of several plants cultivated for their rocklike appearance. They are sometimes collectively called mesembs. In temperate regions it is grown under glass for protection from excessive rain and hard freezes. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Gallery

* Plants with roots
# Edward Taylor (scriptwriter)

Edward Taylor, (born 1931) is a British dramatist and radio producer best known for the BBC Radio Comedy series The Men from the Ministry.
Originally intending to seek a career in acting, Taylor applied to join Cambridge University, appearing in the 1955 Cambridge Footlights revue and becoming a scriptwriter after being noticed by a BBC talent scout and hired for a one-year contract. Taylor's career with the BBC subsequently lasted for 36 years, during which he wrote a total of 2,300 programmes. He also produced several shows, not just situation comedies that he had written (or co-written) himself but also comedy panel games, including some editions of Just a Minute.
Taylor came up with the idea for The Men from the Ministry after a lunch with actor friend Richard Murdoch in the early 1960s, during which Murdoch asked Taylor to write a comedy for him to appear in.
The Men from the Ministry ran for 144 episodes and versions were also produced in South Africa, Sweden and Finland, Taylor continuing to write additional episodes for the Finnish version right up to 2008.
In 1992, Taylor wrote the stage thriller Murder by Misadventure that appeared at the Vaudeville Theatre and then the Whitehall Theatre in London's West End. The play starred Gerald Harper as Harold and William Gaunt as Riggs as a pair of television crime writers, one of whom wishes to end the partnership.
Taylor currently lives in London he was married to Sue. They have a daughter, Imogen.
# Human Footprint

The Human Footprint is an ecological footprint map of human influence on the terrestrial systems of the Earth. It was first published in a 2002 article by Eric W. Sanderson, Malanding Jaiteh, Marc A. Levy, Kent H. Redford, Antoinette V. Wannebo, and Gillian Woolmer. A map of human influence became possible with the advent of high-resolution satellite imagery in the 1990s.

## Method

The map is made to a resolution of 1 km$^2$ (0.39 sq mi) and is an aggregate of eight factors: major roadways, navigable waterways, railways, crop lands, pasture lands, the built environment, light pollution, and human population density. In order to compare the effect of influence from different factors, the magnitude of influence for each factor was ranked on a scale of 0–10. These eight factors measure four types of data, which are cumulatively used as a measure of human influence: population density, land transformation, accessibility, and electrical power infrastructure. The first Human Footprint map was published in 2002 with data that had been collected in the early 1990s, approximately 1993. In 2016, an updated map was published using the same methodology, using data from 2009.
Due to incomplete satellite imagery, the original Human Footprint map did not include Antarctica nor some of the Small Island Developing States of the Pacific Ocean. Marine and freshwater systems are excluded, as different factors would be necessary to map human influence.

## Change over time

The Human Footprint increased by 9% from 1993 to 2009, at least partly attributable to a human population increase of 23% and a global economy increase of 153% during the same period. Though population and economic growth far exceed the growth of the Human Footprint, the areas that saw increased human influence were those with the highest biodiversity.
# Emetullah Sultan (disambiguation)

Emetullah Sultan may refer to:
* Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan (c. 1642 - 1715) - Haseki of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, mother of Mustafa II and Ahmed III
* Fatma Emetullah Sultan (c. 1679 - 1700) - Ottoman princess, daughter of Mehmed IV and Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan
* Emetullah Sultan (1701 - 1727) - Ottoman princess, daughter of Mustafa II
* Emetullah Kadın (dead in 1740) - consort of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III
# Grünbach

Grünbach may refer to:
* Grünbach, Saxony, a municipality in the Vogtlandkreis, Saxony, Germany
* Grünbach, Upper Austria, a municipality in the district of Freistadt, Upper Austria, Austria
* Grünbach am Schneeberg, a town in the district of Neunkirchen, Lower Austria, Austria
* Grünbach (Tauber), a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Korzecznik-Szatanowo, German name Grünbach, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Babiak, within Koło County, in west-central Poland
* Grünbach Formation, a geological formation in Austria
# Como Zoo (Italy)

Como Zoo was a Zoo in Como, Lombardy, northern Italy, created in 1937 and closed in 1988.
# Xingkang Bridge

The Xingkang Bridge or Luding Yaye Expressway Bridge as is a suspension bridge in Luding County, Sichuan, China that opened in 2018. The 285 m (935 ft) high deck is one of the highest in world. The bridge forms part of the G4218 Ya'an–Kargilik Expressway carrying traffic over the Dadu River. The bridge began construction in 2014 and opened in 2018. The main span of the bridge is 1,100 m (3,600 ft) making it one of the longest ever built.
The bridge is located just 2 kilometres upstream from the Luding Dam and crosses the reservoir formed by the dam. Although the bridge is 285 metres above the original river the bridge sits 235 metres above the reservoir. The bridge was constructed as part of the new expressway from Ya'an to Kangding massively reducing travel times in the area.
# Smythe's Green

Smythe's Green is a hamlet on the B1022 road, in the Colchester district, in the county of Essex, England. It is located in between the villages of Tiptree and Birch.
51°49′55″N 0°47′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.832°N 0.786°E﻿ / 51.832; 0.786
* This Essex location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Godunov map

The Godunov map was an ethnographic map of Siberia commissioned by Alexis of Russia on 15 November 1667. The original is no longer extant, but two copies were made: one by Claes Johansson Prytz and the other by Fritz Cronman. It is named after Petr Ivanovich Godunov the governor (voivode) of Tobolsk.
# T1 road (Tanzania)

The T1 is a Trunk road in Tanzania. The road runs from the intersection of Morogoro Road/Bibi Titi Mohamed St in Dar es Salaam all the way to Zambian border at Tunduma. The route is approximately 924 km (574 mi). The T1 in its entirety forms the Tanzanian part of the Tanzam Highway. The road is a major road artery between Dar es Salaam and the cities in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The road is entirely paved.
# Trabea

Trabea (pl.: trabeae) is the name of various pieces of Roman clothing. A distinct feature of all trabeae was their color – usually red or purple. They were formed like a toga and possibly in some cases like a mantle and worn by more distinguished members of Roman society.
A garment known as the trabea triumphalis was commonly worn by consuls in late antiquity. When Emperor Justinian I abolished the office of consul as a separate entity from the Emperor himself, the trabea triumphalis developed into the loros, which was the worn only by the imperial family and senior administrative officials. Although Emperor Leo VI abolished the ancient title of consul altogether, the loros persisted until the end of the empire as the formal, ceremonial dress of the emperors.
# Parque de los Mártires

Parque de los Mártires (Martyrs Park) is a park in Santa Clara, Cuba. It is a few blocks from Parque del Carmen in front of Santa Clara railway station.

## Overview

A triangular shaped space with many points of interests. Its center piece is a truncated column, the only one in rural Cuba in honor of those fighters who lost their lives in the Independence War. 18th- and 19th-century buildings surround the park. The Railway Station is an example of colonial architecture, a building supposedly donated to the city by philanthropist Marta Abreu. Across from the station a colonial wooden family house still stands. Another important building in the park area is an art deco former Spanish garrison transformed in a school after the revolution. Its interior walls were considered the best example of The Vanguardist Movement Murals in Cuba. Cuban painter Amelia Peláez contributed to it, but the paintings have been almost completely lost. This building is a school for young children and has not been retouched for last five decades.
A statue of poet and independence leader José Martí is in Martyrs Park instead of Parque Vidal, the main plaza of the city.
The oldest domestic examples of architecture in the city are found in streets connecting this park with nearby Parque del Carmen traveling east of them towards Parque Vidal.

## Gallery

* Historic postcard of Parque de los Mártires, circa 1945–50, at the moment was named Parque Martí, to honor José Martí (bust at the back), it was later renamed to honor all Independence fighters, to whom the truncated pillar monument was built.
* Marta Abreu train station across Martyrs' Park. At the centre the truncated pillar monument dedicated to the martyrs of the colonial independence war. Photo from 2010
* Marta Abreu train station, across the Martyrs Park. A line of horse drawn taxi carriages awaits their turn to fill up with travelers. Photo from 2010
# The BBC John Peel Sessions, 1990–1992

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The BBC John Peel Sessions, 1990–1992 is an expanded version of the earlier release, The Peel Sessions by Babes in Toyland. It was produced by James Birt Whistle and released on 27 November 2001 by Cherry Red Records, which was also responsible for releasing Babes In Toyland's first live album, Minneapolism.

## Track listing

* "Catatonic" - 2:53
* "Ripe" - 3:36
* "Primus" - 3:58
* "Spit to See the Shine" - 2:40
* "Pearl" - 2:03
* "Dogg" - 5:11
* "Laugh My Head Off" - 3:30
* "Mad Pilot" - 2:50
* "Handsome and Gretel" - 1:55
* "Blood" - 3:05
* "Mother" - 3:31
* "Dirty" - 2:23
* "Jungle Train" - 2:36
* "Right Now" - 2:25
* "Sometimes" - 3:43
* "Magic Flute" - 3:20

## Personnel

* Kat Bjelland - Guitar, vocals
* Lori Barbero - drums, vocals on "Primus","Dogg", and "Magic Flute"
* Michelle Leon - Bass on tracks 1-12
* Maureen Herman - Bass on Tracks 13-16
# Concórdia

Concórdia is a city in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. It was founded by colonizers of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, basically descendants of Italians and Germans, who immigrated to Brazil in the 19th century. It is located 480 km west of Florianópolis. The population is 75,167 (2020 est.) in an area of 799.88 km².
The city is served by Olavo Cecco Rigon Airport.
The municipality contains the 741 hectares (1,830 acres) Fritz Plaumann State Park, created in 2003.
The city is also founding place to Sadia, one of the largest meat manufacturers in Brazil, as well as Coopercarga, a large cargo transportation company.
# Chiriquí River

The Chiriquí River is a river of Panama located at Chiriquí province at the districts of Boquete, David, Dolega, and Gualaca. Its length is 130 km. Its principal tributaries are El Platanal, David, Majagua, Cochea, Caldera, Los Valles, El Sitio, Gualaca, and Estí.
# William Laughton

William Laughton (1812–7 November 1897) was a Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland who served as Moderator of the General Assembly to the Free Church 1881/82.

## Life

Laughton was born in London in 1812, the eldest son of Captain William Laughton from Orkney in Scotland. His father died of yellow fever in the West Indies in 1813, while he was an infant. His mother then moved to stay with relatives in Fife before moving to lodgings at 10 Carnegie Street in Edinburgh in 1825. From around 1826 William lived at lodgings with a Secession minister, the Rev Mr Jamieson of East Linton. Mrs Laughton died in 1837.
He studied divinity at the University of Edinburgh from around 1830 to 1833. He worked as a missionary in St Mary's parish in Edinburgh under Rev Henry Grey from 1835 to 1837, and assisted Rev Mr Sieveright from 1837 to 1839 in Markinch in Fife.
He was ordained by the Church of Scotland at the newly built St Thomas's Church in Greenock in 1839. From 1841 he campaigned against the patronage system in the Scottish church. In the Disruption of 1843 he left the established church and joined the Free Church of Scotland. The building and congregation also transferred to the Free Church. In 1857 a new St Thomas's Free Church was opened by Rev Robert Candlish on Blackhall Street in Greenock and William Laughton took charge of this new church. In the winter of 1860 Laughton spent the winter in Rome holding services covertly in the fledgling congregation.
In 1845 he is listed as Chaplain of the Greenock Gaelic School Society. He was also for many years chaplain of the Female Benevolent Society, a director of Greenock Academy, and a member of the first Burgh School Board.
In 1881 he succeeded Rev Thomas Main as Moderator of the General Assembly, the highest position in the Free Church. The University of Edinburgh awarded him an honorary doctorate (DD) during his year in office.
He retired in 1886 having become deaf and blind (retirement being referred to in the Free Church as becoming a "senior minister"). When the Presbytery met to decide the matter of his retirement, so much was he looked up to, that one of their number said that he never had known a minister who stood in the same relation to his brethren as did Dr. Laughton. "Every co-presbyter, regards him with an affection and veneration that is quite singular." He moved to Edinburgh to live with friends. He had a ground-breaking operation which restored his eyesight in 1895 and moved to a house at 28 Greenhill Gardens. He fell ill on 1 November 1897 and was tended by Dr Patrick Heron Watson. He died at home in Edinburgh on 7 November 1897 aged 85.

## Family

His sister was Jane Laughton (1809–1887), who lived with him as his housekeeper. He died unmarried.
# Smythe (disambiguation)

Smythe is a surname, a less common spelling of the surname Smith.
Smythe may also refer to:
* Smythe, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Mount Smythe, Jasper National Park, Canada
* Mount Smythe (British Columbia) in British Columbia, Canada
* Rockcliffe-Smythe, Toronto, Canada
* Smythe's Megalith, lost Neolithic tomb in Kent, England
* Smythe baronets
* Smythe Division of the National Hockey League
# Godvakker-Maren

Godvakker-Maren (Good Pretty Maren) is a Norwegian comedy film from 1940 directed by Knut Hergel, who also wrote the film script together with Alf Sommer and Einar Tveito. The script is based on Oskar Braaten's novel Bak høkerens disk and play Godvakker-Maren. The film premiered on October 31, 1940.

## Plot

Two young girls from Hedmark get jobs at a grocery store run by Nils Andresen in Oslo. Andresen's wife is in bed with an illness, and Andresen is interested in his two young female employees. Maren, played by Eva Sletto, is also exposed to other vices in the capital before things settle down.

## Cast

* Eva Sletto as Maren
* Pehr Qværnstrøm as Nils Andresen, a grocer
* Dagmar Myhrvold as Matea, Andresen's wife
* Aasta Voss as Inga
* Bjarne Bø as the doctor
* Harald Heide-Steen as Even
* Alf Sommer as Tore
* Einar Tveito as the priest
* Øyvind Øyen as the constable
* Helge Essmar as Aksel
# Gordon Allen

Gordon Allen may refer to:
* Gordon P. Allen (1929–2010), Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly
* Gordon F. Allen (1908–1973), professor and administrator at the State University of New York at Brockport
# Edwin Holt

Edwin Bissell Holt (/hoʊlt/; August 21, 1873 – January 25, 1946) was a professor of philosophy and psychology at Harvard from 1901–1918. From 1926–1936 he was a visiting professor of psychology at Princeton University.

## Biography

Holt was born in Winchester, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard in 1896 and received his Ph.D., also from Harvard, in 1901. His mentors at Harvard were William James, Hugo Münsterberg, and Josiah Royce.
Holt retired from teaching at Harvard in 1918. Kuklick (1977) has suggested that Holt's retirement from Harvard was due to various causes. First, Holt shared William James' concerns and criticisms of academia, and resented the fact that academic life had by his time turned into a quest for personal glory and prestige, rather than an honest quest for knowledge. Second, members of his intellectual group of friends, which included Robert Yerkes, Herbert Langfeld, and Ralph Barton Perry, left Cambridge or withdrew for familial reasons. Heft (2001) has also suggested that Holt's homosexuality might have generated some further conflicts in Cambridge in the early decades of the 20th century. Finally, Kuklick argued that Holt had assumed the care of his aging mother, which decreased his social interactions, and was likely the reason why Holt turned down an academic offer from the University of Manchester. Holt quit Harvard immediately after her death.
His doctoral dissertation was in the area of perception, under the direction of Münsterberg. Around 1910 he started with others the philosophical movement of new realism, as a response to Royce's criticisms of William James' views on realism. After attending Sigmund Freud's famous lecture in Clark University in 1909, Holt was highly impressed with psychoanalysis, which influenced his book The Freudian Wish. His most famous work was published in 1931, Animal Drive and the Learning Process: An Essay Toward Radical Empiricism, which presented his views on learning and development.
Holt's psychology was related to the behaviorism of Watson, but his views about behavior were broader and more philosophically oriented than Watson's, including for instance notions such as goals, purposes, and plans, clearly observable in the actions of organisms (See discussions in Charles, 2011). For Holt, then, behavior is purposive and goal directed, a notion that influenced directly the theorizing of one of Holt's most famous students, Edward C. Tolman, who later emphasized many of Holt's points through his own work on purposive behavior.
After his retirement, Holt moved to Tenants Harbor, Maine, with his long-time male companion, George X. Bernier. Holt came out of retirement and taught at Princeton for a decade between 1926 and 1936, before returning to Maine. Holt died in Rockland, Maine, in 1946, and is buried in Winchester, Massachusetts.
# Parque de las Mujeres

Parque de las Mujeres is a park in Olímpica, Puerto Vallarta, in the Mexican state of Jalisco. The park features a memorial to victims of femicide.
* Victoria del Bicentenario
* Memorial