OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old Newmarket Town Hall and Courthouse

Old Newmarket Town Hall and Courthouse is a historic structure in Newmarket, Ontario and served as town hall, county offices and courthouse.

## Architecture

The structure was designed in the Italianate style by the architectural firm of Mallory & Sons, in accordance with then-Mayor William Cane's desire for a modern building.

## Town hall and county office

The building was inaugurated on Dominion Day, July 1, 1883, as town hall for Newmarket, Ontario. It assumed the role as York County offices moved from Toronto City Hall in 1953 when Metropolitan Toronto was formed and until York Region was formed in 1971. Reverting the original role, it was replaced when the town offices moved out in 1975. Some Regional offices relocated to the York Region Administration Centre at 62 Bayview Parkway in 1957.

## Courthouse and community use

From 1975 to 1980 it was used as municipal courthouse while a new courthouse was being built at 50 Eagle Street.
After the 1980s the building became a cultural and social venue. The building has undergone renovations in the late 1970s and again in 2011. Scheduled to re-open in the autumn of 2015, the Old Town Hall will function as a cultural hub for theatre, music, dance and other cultural activities; construction includes renovations to the second floor theatre and conversion of the building to make it fully accessible.
The building has been protected as a heritage property since 1999.

## Renovations

Since 2012, Newmarket's Old Town Hall had undergone substantial renovations to achieve architectural renaissance. A new atrium extension was added to the south side of the building representing the blending of the old and the new. Renovations and improvements were made throughout the building to make it fully accessible and ensure it functions as a culture hub for theatre, music, dance, arts and cultural activities and numerous opportunities for continued economic
The restoration of Old Town Hall is part of a joint project with the Federal and Provincial government in which the Town of Newmarket received approximately $3.4 million in funding. As a key driver of the Town's Cultural Master Plan, this landmark will act as a hub for arts and culture and will play a key role in the revitalization of Newmarket's Historic Main Street area.
# Stein District

Stein District is one of districts of the Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
# Size homotopy group

The concept of size homotopy group is analogous in size theory of the classical concept of homotopy group. In order to give its definition, let us assume that a size pair $(M,\varphi )$ is given, where $M$ is a closed manifold of class $C^{0}\$ and $\varphi :M\to \mathbb {R} ^{k}$ is a continuous function. Consider the lexicographical order $\preceq$ on $\mathbb {R} ^{k}$ defined by setting $(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{k})\preceq (y_{1},\ldots ,y_{k})\$ if and only if $x_{1}\leq y_{1},\ldots ,x_{k}\leq y_{k}$. For every $Y\in \mathbb {R} ^{k}$ set $M_{Y}=\{Z\in \mathbb {R} ^{k}:Z\preceq Y\}$.
Assume that $P\in M_{X}\$ and $X\preceq Y\$. If $\alpha \$, $\beta \$ are two paths from $P\$ to $P\$ and a homotopy from $\alpha \$ to $\beta \$, based at $P\$, exists in the topological space $M_{Y}\$, then we write $\alpha \approx _{Y}\beta \$. The first size homotopy group of the size pair $(M,\varphi )\$ computed at $(X,Y)\$ is defined to be the quotient set of the set of all paths from $P\$ to $P\$ in $M_{X}\$ with respect to the equivalence relation $\approx _{Y}\$, endowed with the operation induced by the usual composition of based loops.
In other words, the first size homotopy group of the size pair $(M,\varphi )\$ computed at $(X,Y)\$ and $P\$ is the image $h_{XY}(\pi _{1}(M_{X},P))\$ of the first homotopy group $\pi _{1}(M_{X},P)\$ with base point $P\$ of the topological space $M_{X}\$, when $h_{XY}\$ is the homomorphism induced by the inclusion of $M_{X}\$ in $M_{Y}\$.
The $n$-th size homotopy group is obtained by substituting the loops based at $P\$ with the continuous functions $\alpha :S^{n}\to M\$ taking a fixed point of $S^{n}\$ to $P\$, as happens when higher homotopy groups are defined.
# Castro Street

Castro Street may refer to:
   * Castro Street Station, a Muni Metro underground station at the junction of Castro and Market streets in San Francisco
   * Castro Street Fair, a street fair in the Castro neighborhood
* Castro Street, the main street of Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California
* Castro Street (film), a 1966 short documentary film directed by Bruce Baillie and set in Richmond, California
# Operation Z

Operation Z may refer to:
* Attack on Pearl Harbor, known as Operation Z in planning
* Operation Z (1944), Japanese World War II plan for the defense of the Marianas Islands
* 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, using Z as a military symbol, and thus sometimes referred to as "Operation Z"
# Oswald, New South Wales

Oswald is a suburb of the City of Maitland local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 15 km (9 mi) from the Maitland CBD.
# Anodontodora

Anodontodora is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
* Anodontodora aurulans (Obenberger, 1922)
* Anodontodora capicola (Obenberger, 1922)
# Solhaug

Solhaug is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arne J. Solhaug (born 1942), Norwegian educator, singer, composer, and author
* Karsten Anker Solhaug (1914–2012), Norwegian salvationist
# Antheraea alleni

Antheraea alleni is a moth of the family Saturniidae first described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1987. It is found in Borneo.
The wingspan is 45–52 mm for males and about 55 mm for females.
# Antheraea exspectata

Antheraea exspectata is a moth of the family Saturniidae found in Sulawesi.
# Opus quadratum

Opus quadratum ("squared work") is an ancient Roman construction technique, in which squared blocks of stone of the same height were set in parallel courses, most often without the use of mortar. The Latin author Vitruvius describes the technique.

## Technique

This technique was used by the Romans from about the 6th century BC, and over time the precision and accuracy of the block cutting improved. The technique continued to be used throughout the age of the Roman Empire, even after the introduction of mortar, and was often used in addition to other techniques. The type of stone, the size of the blocks, and the way the blocks were put together can all be used to help archaeologists date structures that display the technique.

### Etruscan way

In early usage (often called the "Etruscan way"), the joints between the block introduce discontinuities, making the blocks uneven. Examples of such construction can be found in reservoirs, basements, terrace walls, and temple podiums in Etruscan cities and Rome.

### Greek way

Subsequently (the "Greek way"), the blocks would be placed in one of two rotations. "Stretchers" would be placed so the longer side was on the face of the wall, and "headers" would be placed so the shorter side was on the face of the wall, and would thus extend further back into the wall thickness. Various patterns could be produced by changing how the blocks were placed, and it was common to strengthen the wall by ensuring that the joints between blocks were centered over the blocks in the row below.

### Roman concrete

With the introduction of Roman concrete, continuous outer walls were often constructed, with some blocks laid as headers in order to attach to the inner wall. Tile or marble can be found cemented to such walls, but this was less common for those structures that were particularly load-bearing, such as arches and pillars used for bridges and aqueducts.
# USS Yukon

USS Yukon may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Yukon (AF-9) was a stores ship in commission from 1921 to 1922 and from 1940 to 1946
* USNS Yukon (T-AO-152), was an oiler in service in the Military Sea Transportation Service and Military Sealift Command from 1957 to 1985
* USNS Yukon (T-AO-202), is a fleet replenishment oiler in service with the Military Sealift Command since 1994
# USS Yucca

USS Yucca has been the name of three ships in the United States Navy:
* The first USS Yucca (1864) was a wooden hulled steamer, built near the end of the American Civil War and in commission from 1865 to 1868.
* USS Yucca (AT-32), a tugboat, was renamed USS Napa (AT-32) before her keel was laid in 1919.
* The second USS Yucca (IX-214), formerly named SS Utacarbon, was a tanker in commission from 1945 to 1946.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
# His Wife's Husband (1922 American film)

His Wife's Husband is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by Kenneth S. Webb and starring Betty Blythe, Huntley Gordon, and Arthur Edmund Carewe. It is an adaptation of the 1907 novel The Mayor's Wife by Anna Katharine Green.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, "Olympia Brewster, a young college-bred woman, becomes a waitress at a mediocre hotel, and then marries a man she does not love to escape this drudgery. Immediately after the ceremony, she realizes his true character and leaves him, fleeing the hotel just as a gunshot is fired downstairs. Through a window she sees her husband prostrate and believes him killed. Later she reads his death notice in a newspaper. Not long thereafter Olympia's uncle dies, leaving her a small fortune. She marries a prosperous young attorney who becomes mayor, and later a candidate for governor. During a political crisis, he hires a secretary that he takes into his home. The secretary gives his name as Steele, though he bares a sterling resemblance to the wastrel Olympia had one married. Steele disarms her suspicions, but, after arranging the betrayal of the mayor to his political opponents, Steele brazenly informs his employer that he is his wife's husband and will have to be so acknowledged, or the mayor will have to withdrawal his candidacy for governor. An aged lady who has become Olympia's guest through unusual circumstances places in Olympia's hands the papers needed to thwart Steele's scheme, a certificate of marriage between Steele and a servant that is now Olympia's housekeeper."

## Cast

* Betty Blythe as Olympia Brewster
* Huntley Gordon as George Packard
* Arthur Edmund Carewe as John Brainerd
* George Fawcett as Dominick Duffy
* Grace Goodall as Bess
* Blanche Davenport as Mrs. Althorpe
* Rita Maurice as Baby Packard
# His Wife's Money

His Wife's Money is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Ralph Ince and starring Eugene O'Brien, Zena Keefe and Louise Prussing.

## Cast

* Eugene O'Brien as Richard Flint
* Zena Keefe as Marion Phillips
* Ned Hay as Bob Uppington
* Louise Prussing as Eva Uppington
* Cyril Chadwick as James Cardwell
* Dorothy Kent as Mrs. Ralph
# His Wife's Friend

His Wife's Friend is a lost 1919 American silent mystery film directed by Joe De Grasse and written by John Burland Harris-Burland and R. Cecil Smith. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Warren Cook, Henry Mortimer, Richard Neill, S. Barrett, and William A. Williams. The film was released on December 21, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Lady Marion Grimwood (Dalton) finds little congeniality in her union with Sir Robert Grimwood (Cook) and welcomes the innocent attentions of John Heritage (Mortimer) when he shows an interest in her. The sudden death of her husband by drowning is apparently explained when she receives a note claiming that Sir Robert knew of her attachment to John before his death. While she ponders over this, unwilling to believe in its entirety, she is attacked by Sir Waiverly (Neill), whose attempt to kill her is blocked. It is then discovered that a Chinese man, Ling Foo, possesses a poison that paralyzes will power. This, it is discovered, was the cause of Sir Robert's death. With this last obstacle removed, Lady Marion and John look forward to a life of happiness.

## Cast

* Dorothy Dalton as Lady Marion Grimwood
* Warren Cook as Sir Robert Grimwood
* Henry Mortimer as John Heritage
* Richard Neill as Lord Waverly (credited as Richard Neil)
* S. Barrett as Insp. Marsh
* William A. Williams as Dr. Larner (credited as William Williams)
* Tom Cameron as Nind
* Paul Cazeneuve as Ling Foo
# Oscar II Land

Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.
The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.
The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
# USS Quinnebaug (1866)

The first USS Quinnebaug was a screw sloop-of-war in the United States Navy.

## Construction and commissioning

Quinnebaug was built by the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York. She was launched on 31 March 1866, sponsored by Lieutenant Commander David B. Harmony, and commissioned on 19 July 1867.

## Service history

Quinnebaug departed New York City on 31 August 1867 and cruised along the Atlantic coast of South America for almost three years before arriving at Norfolk, Virginia, on 18 July 1870. She was decommissioned there on 29 July 1970 and was laid up until broken up in 1871.
# Anthony Higgin

Anthony Higgin was Dean of Ripon from 1608 until his death in 1624.
Anthony Higgin was the son of Thomas Higgin of Manchester and his wife, Elisabeth Birch, and was probably born in the early 1550s. The family was clearly of a certain standing and his uncle was a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Anthony was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, matriculating in 1568 and taking his BA in 1571-72. He remained in Cambridge after graduation, taking his M.A. in 1575 and BD in 1582. In 1583 he left Cambridge to become Rector of Kirk Deighton near Wetherby. In 1605 he was appointed Master of St. Michael’s Hospital in the village of Well, north of Ripon, and in 1608 he was made Dean of Ripon. However it seems likely that he continued to reside in Well since it is there that he made his will in 1624, shortly before his death in that same year.
By the time of his death, Higgin had assembled what was, by contemporary standards, a very substantial library. Around 1250 volumes survive as part of the Ripon Cathedral Library, but the original figure was undoubtedly significantly higher, perhaps approaching 2,000. The majority were in Latin; theological writings and the classical authors constituted the majority although medicine, geography, astronomy and law were also represented. In his will, Higgin bequeathed his books to his cousin, William Cleburne (who was a prebend of Ripon from 1616) and to his nephew Mr. Lumley, but with the condition that when they died, they should give the books to Ripon Cathedral “for a library”. In the 1980s the Ripon Cathedral Library was acquired by the Library of the University of Leeds.
One of the books owned by Higgin was a book on rhetoric by Lorenzo Gulielmo Traversagni, Epitome margaritae eloquentiae.
# Osmo Jussila

Osmo Tapio Jussila (14 March 1938 in Haukipudas – 15 March 2019), was a Finnish historian.
Jussila was 1980-83 assistant professor in political history at Helsinki University and professor 1983-2001. He had in his research treated foremost the Finland–Russia relations. Suomen tie 1944-1948 is a research about the acts of the Finnish communist party after the second world war.

## Publications

* Nationalismi ja vallankumous venäläis-suomalaisissa suhteissa 1899-1914 (1979)
* Terijoen hallitus 1939-40 (1985)
* Suomen tie 1944-1948 (1990)
# USS Riverside

USS Riverside may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Riverside (1890), a wooden, schooner-rigged barge, was built during 1890 at Brooklyn, New York.
* USS Riverside (APA-102), a Bayfield-class attack transport which saw service during World War II
# USS Rival (MSO-468)

USS Rival (AM-468/MSO-468) was an Agile-class minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing mines that had been placed in the water to prevent the safe passage of ships.
Rival was laid down 1 February 1952 by the Luders Marine Construction Co., Stamford, Connecticut; designated AM-468; launched 15 August 1953; sponsored by Mrs. F. X. Forest; and commissioned 3 September 1954.

## East Coast operations

Redesignated MSO-468 in February 1955, Rival was assigned as flagship, Mine Division 85 during shakedown. In March 1955 she began operations out of her homeport of Charleston, South Carolina. Based there since that time, she has operated primarily along the U.S. East Coast, rotating biennially, except for 1962, to the U.S. 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean.
She participated in Fleet and NATO exercises and, in 1966, in the successful search (20 February to 8 April) for a nuclear bomb lost off Palomares, Spain in the Palomares hydrogen bombs incident. During her operations with the U.S. 2d Fleet, she has conducted exercises in the Charleston area and off Puerto Rico and has provided services at Yorktown, Virginia, and at Mayport, Florida, and Panama City, Florida. In 1961, she added Caribbean deployments to her schedule and continued them through the decade.

## Last Mediterranean cruise of the 1960s

In December 1968, Rival returned from her last Mediterranean cruise of the 1960s. Through 1969 she remained in the western Atlantic Ocean and in the Caribbean. In 1970, she prepared for modernization. She arrived at the Todd Shipyard, Brooklyn, New York, on 10 June to begin the work, however the contract was terminated 16 October 1970 for the convenience of the government. Rival, along with three other ships of her class, was towed to Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for storage pending final disposition.

## Decommissioning

Rival was decommissioned 15 May 1970 and struck from the Navy list on 1 February 1971. In August 1971, Rival, and her three sisters, were sold to Mr. Charles Gural of Rahway, New Jersey, with the Navy receiving $2,700 for Rival.
# Hippo grass

Hippo grass is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Echinochloa stagnina
* Vossia cuspidata
# Sogdini

Sogdini is a tribe of round fungus beetles in the family Leiodidae. There are about 7 genera and at least 20 described species in Sogdini.

## Genera

* Hydnobius Schmidt, 1841
* Kalohydnobius Peck & Cook, 2009
* Macrohydnobius Peck & Cook, 2009
* Platyhydnobius Peck & Cook, 2009
* Sogda Lopatin, 1961
* Stereus Wollaston, 1857
* Triarthron Märkel, 1840
# Otto Schury

Otto Schury (22 October 1903 – 11 December 1979) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
In February 1945, Schury was appointed commander of the 100th Jäger Division. Promoted to major general (Generalmajor) in April, his command surrendered to the Soviet Army in Silesia the following month and Schury was imprisoned in the Soviet Union. He was released in 1955. and died in 1979.

## Awards

* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (20 September 1939) & 1st Class (23 February 1940)
* German Cross in Gold on 10 May 1943 as Oberstleutnant in Jäger-Regiment 229
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 17 July 1941 as Major and commander of the II./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 100
** Oak Leaves on 21 September 1944 as Oberst and commander of Jäger-Regiment 229
# Orara

Orara is a historical town and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.Before Partition, Orara fell under the Lahore District and Tehsil Kasur. The village was largely populated with Mirza, Gujjar and Jatts, predominantly Sikhs who have now settled in East Punjab. It is part of Kasur Tehsil and is located at 31°12'1N 74°21'44E with an altitude of 194 metres (639 feet).
# Operculum

Operculum may refer to:

## Human biology

* Operculum (brain), the part of the brain covering the insula
* Operculum (dentistry), a small flap of tissue which may cover an erupting or partially erupted molar
* Cervical mucus plug, the cervical mucus plug that blocks the cervix of the uterus after conception

## Animal biology

* Operculum (animal), a structure resembling a lid or a small door that opens and closes
* Operculum (bird), a structure which covers the nares of some birds
* Operculum (bryozoa), a lid on the orifice of some bryozoans
* Operculum (fish), a flap covering the gills of bony fish
* Operculum (gastropod), a sort of trapdoor used to close the aperture of some snails
* Operculum papillare, the iris found in the eyes of elasmobranchs (skates, sharks, and rays)
* The anterior end of the puparium in some insects, through which the adult emerges; for example the wasp Stenogastrinae

## Botany

* Operculum (botany), various lids and flaps pertaining to plants, algae, and fungi
# Antal Berkes

Antal Berkes (1874–1938) was a Hungarian painter, born in Budapest, Hungary. He lived in Paris for some time and produced cityscapes there as well as similar street scenes of Budapest and Vienna.

## Early career

Berkes studied at the Academy of Fine Arts between 1889 and 1894 in Budapest, Hungary. He first started painting landscapes, and later changed to painting street scenes of Budapest. His popularity and sales increased so he started "mass producing" many of his works, meeting the requirements of the art dealers of his age. His work went through light and dark periods as he experimented with light.

## Modern exhibition

His paintings were showcased at the Ottó Herman Museum in the exhibition entitled "Paris through the eyes of a Hungarian". The display was organized by the RadaR - European Contemporary Art Association. The exhibition was accompanied by the Miskolc Opera Festival entitled Bartok + Paris 2007.
# Anthalia bulbosa

Anthalia bulbosa is a species of hybotid dance flies in the family Hybotidae. It is commonly found near Prunus serotina flowers.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Anthalia schoenherri

Anthalia schoenherri is a species of hybotid dance fly in the family Hybotidae.

## Distribution

Europe, United States.