OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Čermná ve Slezsku

Čermná ve Slezsku is a municipality and village in Opava District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

## History

The first written mention of Čermná ve Slezsku is from 1377. The village was founded in the 14th century.
# Van Nieuwerburgh

Van Nieuwerburgh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christian van Nieuwerburgh (born 1971), Lebanese executive coach
* Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh (fl. 2003), Belgian economist
# Tentax brunnea

Tentax brunnea is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in northern Vietnam.
The wingspan is about 11.5 mm.
# Trigeminal cave

The trigeminal cave (also known as Meckel's cave or cavum trigeminale) is a pouch of dura mater containing cerebrospinal fluid.

## Structure

The trigeminal cave is formed by the two layers of dura mater (endosteal and meningeal) which are part of an evagination of the cerebellar tentorium near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It envelops the trigeminal ganglion. It is bounded by the dura overlying four structures:
* cerebellar tentorium superolaterally
* lateral wall of the cavernous sinus superomedially
* clivus medially
* posterior petrous face inferolaterally
Within the dural confines of the trigeminal cave, there is a continuation of subarachnoid space along the posterior aspect of the cave, representing a continuation of the cerebral basal cisterns.

## History
### Etymology

It is named for Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder.
# Tigrioides luzonensis

Tigrioides luzonensis is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Schaus in 1922. It is found in the Philippines.
# Washington Avenue

Washington Avenue may refer to:

## United States

* Washington Avenue (Miami Beach) in Miami Beach, Florida
* Washington Avenue in Portland, Maine, a part of Maine State Route 26
* Washington Avenue (Milford Mill, Maryland)
* Washington Avenue (Towson, Maryland)
* Washington Avenue (Minneapolis), a major street in Minneapolis, Minnesota
* Washington Avenue Loft District in St. Louis, Missouri
* Washington Avenue (Las Vegas), Nevada
* Washington Avenue (Sayreville, N.J.)
* Washington Avenue (Brooklyn), New York
** Washington Avenue (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line), a station on the demolished BMT Myrtle Avenue Line and BMT Lexington Avenue Line
* Washington Avenue (Albany, New York), a major east–west route in the city of Albany, New York
* Washington Avenue (Philadelphia)
* Washington Avenue (Houston, Texas), a road in Houston, Texas
* Washington Avenue (Washington, D.C.)
# Woodmen Hall

Woodmen Hall may refer to:
* Woodmen Hall (Stuart, Florida)
* Woodmen Hall (Saint Onge, South Dakota)
# Port of Liverpool Staff Association

The Port of Liverpool Staff Association was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1969 as part of the Association of Clerical, Technical and Supervisory Staffs, itself part of the Transport and General Workers' Union. It replaced the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Salaried Staff Organisation, which was not a trade union.
# Phthorimaea molitor

Phthorimaea molitor is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham, in 1896. It is found in Yemen.
The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are meal-white with some indication of a darker shade above the base of the fold, a slight greyish shade spot at the end of the cell and some very faint greyish shade spots around the termen at the base of the costal and terminal cilia, which are also meal-white. The hindwings are somewhat iridescent, greyish white.
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle S8

The women's 100m freestyle S8 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 8 September. There were three heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 10:49.

#### Heat 1

Results of heat 1 :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Jacqueline Freney | Australia | 1:09.92 | Q |
| 2 | Xu Yanru | China | 1:13.51 | Q |
| 3 | Stefanie Weinberg | Germany | 1:14.65 | |
| 4 | Rhiannon Oliver | Australia | 1:15.57 | |
| 5 | Andrea Cole | Canada | 1:19.58 | |

#### Heat 2

Results of heat 2 :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Heather Frederiksen | Great Britain | 1:09.93 | Q |
| 2 | Julia Kabus | Germany | 1:12.64 | Q |
| 3 | Mariann Vestbostad | Norway | 1:14.62 | |
| 4 | Anna Vengerovskaya | Russia | 1:20.89 | |
| 5 | Desire Aguilar | Panama | 1:31.84 | |

#### Heat 3

Results of heat 3 :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Jessica Long | United States | 1:06.81 | Q, WR |
| 2 | Amanda Everlove | United States | 1:10.84 | Q |
| 3 | Cecilie Drabsch Norland | Norway | 1:11.68 | Q |
| 4 | Heidi Andreasen | Faroe Islands | 1:12.77 | Q |
| 5 | Chen Zhonglan | China | 1:17.13 | |
| 6 | Valeria Lira | Brazil | 1:20.16 | |

### Final

Competed at 20:01.
Results of the finals :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Jessica Long | United States | 1:06.91 |
| | Heather Frederiksen | Great Britain | 1:08.48 |
| | Jacqueline Freney | Australia | 1:08.56 |
| 4 | Amanda Everlove | United States | 1:10.65 |
| 5 | Cecilie Drabsch Norland | Norway | 1:11.88 |
| 6 | Heidi Andreasen | Faroe Islands | 1:11.99 |
| 7 | Julia Kabus | Germany | 1:12.68 |
| 8 | Xu Yanru | China | 1:13.66 |
# Cory Kennedy

Kory or Cory Kennedy may refer to:
* Cory Kennedy (model) (born 1990), American Internet celebrity
* Cory Kennedy (skateboarder) (born 1990), American professional skateboarder
* Kory Kennedy (born 1993), Canadian ice hockey player in 2013–14 OJHL season
# Van Noort

Van Noort is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from (the) north". Among variant forms are Noort, Van de Noort, and Van Noordt. Before 1811 the spellings "Noordt" and "Noort" were interchangeable. People with this name include:
* Aat van Noort (1908–1998), Dutch middle-distance runner
* Adam van Noort (1561/62–1641), Flemish painter and draughtsman, son of Lambert
* Anthoni van Noordt (c.1619–1675), Dutch composer and organist, nephew of Sybrandt
* Ginie Van De Noort (born 1979), French journalist and television presenter
* Jan van Noordt (1623–1681), Dutch landscape, portrait and allegory painter
* Joël van Noort (born 1980s), Dutch Rubik's Cube speedsolver
* Lambert van Noort (1520–1571), Dutch painter and architect active in Antwerp, father of Adam
* Olivier van Noort (1558–1627), Dutch merchant captain and the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world
* Peter van der Noort (born 1974), Dutch rower
* Pieter van Noort (1622–1672), Dutch still life painter
* Roald van Noort (born 1960), Dutch water polo player
* Robert Van de Noort, Dutch historian and archaeologist
* Sybrandus van Noordt [fr; it; nl; ru] (1659–1705), Dutch composer and keyboardist
# Tigrioides fulveola

Tigrioides fulveola is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1900. It is found in Kolkata and Sikkim in India.
# Waterhen Lake

Waterhen Lake may refer to:

## Lakes

* Waterhen Lake (Manitoba)
* Waterhen Lake (Saskatchewan)

## Places

* South Waterhen Lake, Saskatchewan
* Waterhen Indian Reserve No. 45 in Manitoba
* Waterhen Indian Reserve No. 130 in Saskatchewan
* Waterhen Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan
# The Restless Supermarket

The Restless Supermarket is a novel by Croatian-South African author Ivan Vladislavic. It tracks the changes in Hillbrow, Johannesburg, during the 1990s, through the eyes of a grumpy, retired proof-reader who spends his life in one café. It was published by David Philip Publishers in Cape Town in 2001 and was recently reissued. The book was published again in 2014 by publishing house 'And Other Stories.'

## Critical reception

The novel won the Sunday Times CNA Literary Awards in 2002.
A reviewer for The Independent, after describing it as "a masterpiece of voice", said, "A work of such immense imaginativeness, of such extraordinarily serious playfulness, comes along very rarely."
# Phthorimaea interjuncta

Phthorimaea interjuncta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Brazil.
# Pietrasze

Pietrasze may refer to the following places:
* Pietrasze, Giżycko County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Pietrasze, Gołdap County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Pietrasze, Olecko County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Council of Constantinople (1923)

The Council of Constantinople of 1923 was a meeting of representatives of several local Eastern Orthodox Churches held in Constantinople from 10 May to 8 June 1923, convened at the initiative of Ecumenical Patriarch Meletius Metaxakis. In spite of being called by some as the "Pan-Orthodox Council of Constantinople of 1923", or otherwise referred to as "pan-Orthodox" or as an "ecumenical council", the council is not recognized as an ecumenical council: "Calling the 1923 Council 'ecumenical' cannot be accepted, since representatives of the Alexandrian, Antiochian, Jerusalem and most of the other Local Churches did not participate in its work."
The primary topic of the Council of 1923 was calendar reform. The Roman Catholic Church and almost all of Western Europe completed their switch from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, the current international standard, during the 16th century. Russia, and the rest of the Orthodox world, however, remained on the old calendar until this council. At this council, the Greek Orthodox Church, and many other branches of the Eastern Orthodox Church adopted the new calendar, which they called "the new Julian calendar", which corresponds with the Gregorian calendar until 2800.
This council is extremely controversial within Eastern Orthodoxy—it led to many schisms in many autocephalous churches of different Old Calendarist groups. Even academic sources note the controversy of this council.
The acts and decisions of this council were first translated into English only in 2006, by the Rev. Dr. Patrick Viscuso.

## Sources

* Viscuso, Patrick Demetrios (2006). A Quest for Reform of the Orthodox Church: The 1923 Pan-Orthodox Congress—an analysis and translation of its acts and decisions. Foreword by Demetrios Constantelos. Berkeley, California: Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute InterOrthodox Press. pp. 1–205. ISBN 978-1-932401-09-7. OCLC 71778926.
# Hugh Green

Hugh Green may refer to:
* Hugh Green (martyr) (1584–1642), English Catholic priest and martyr
* Hugh Green (politician) (1887–1968), American politician, member of the Illinois House of Representatives
* Hughie Green (1920–1997), British television presenter
* Hugh Green (American football) (born 1959), former American football linebacker in the National Football League
# Sir Robert Cann, 1st Baronet

Sir Robert Cann, 1st Baronet (c. 1621–1685), of Small Street, Bristol and Stoke Bishop, Westbury-on-Trym, Gloucestershire, was an English politician.
He was the son of William Cann, merchant of Bristol and Margaret, the sister of Robert Yeamans. He followed his father into trade, becoming a member of the Merchant Venturers of Bristol in 1646.
He was Mayor of Bristol in 1662-3, when Charles II visited the city. He was knighted in April 1662 and created a baronet in September. By 1669 he had built Stoke House on land he had acquired at Stoke Bishop, which has been interpreted as a means of establishing his family within the landed gentry. However, his Bristol house remained his main residence.
He entered parliament as Member MP for Bristol February 1678, following the death of his first wife's nephew Humphrey Hooke, apparently without opposition. He was a moderately active member and considered at this stage as 'worthy' by Shaftesbury. He was re-elected in March 1679, but his failure to support Exclusion led to opposition from its supporters in Bristol. His subsequent re-election in October 1679 was disputed and eventually declared void, leading to his expulsion from the House of Commons in 28 October 1680.
Cann campaigned for a law against kidnapping of white children for plantation work, but was himself fined in 1685 for taking criminals from Bristol to work on Bristol-owned Caribbean plantations.

## Family

He married firstly Cecily, daughter of Humphrey Hooke, alderman of Bristol in 1642. They had 2 children:
* Sir William Cann, 2nd Baronet (died 1698)
* Anne married 1) Sir Robert Gunning of Cold Ashton and 2) Sir Dudley North
In 1647 he married his second wife Anne, daughter of Derrick Popley, merchant of the Red Lodge, Bristol. Their son Thomas served as High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1687 and was knighted by James II.
He died in November 1685 and was buried at St Werburgh's, Bristol.
# Trimerotropis bifasciata

Trimerotropis bifasciata, the two-banded grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
# Yuxarı Qışlaq

Yuxarı Qışlaq (also, Yukhary Kyshlak, Maghara-Kishlag and Ismail Kyshlak) is a village and municipality in the Shahbuz District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 17 km in the north-east from the district center, on the bank of the Yukhary Kyshlak River (tributary of Nakhchivanchay River). Its population is busy with gardening and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, club, library and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 535. Nearby, registered the Kelekli II settlement of the Middle Ages.

## Etymology

Yuxarı Qışlaq is located on the slope of the Zangezur ridge. According to researchers, the second component of the name of Yukhary Kyshlak, can not be taken to mean as "wintering". Because the area which the villages of the Yukhary (Upper) Kyshlak and Ashaghy (Lower) Kyshlak are located is not suitable for the wintering. The name is associated with the name of one of the arms of the Gyzyl Kyshlak tribe (orta kyshlak, gyullu kyshlak, yazly kyshlak, yazy kyshlak or dyuz kyshlak) of the Turkic Kengerli. The name of Yukhary Kyshlak as ethno toponym means "as the upper part of the territory, inhabited by the tribe of the kyshlak".

## Kelekli II

Kələkli II is the settlement of the Middle Ages in the Shahbuz rayon, between the villages of Aşağı Qışlaq and Yuxarı Qışlaq. It was recorded in 1990. Its area is 41500 m2. It is located at the slope of the mountain which is surrounded by the deep valleys from all sides. The main part of the settlement was plowed by the tractor and being used as an arable land. The surface materials, mostly, consists from the fragments of cooked clay pot in gray and pink colored (pot, jar, cup, little pot-type containers, etc.). Near the place of residence, there are sanctuary, as well as the place of the temple (now completely destroyed). It is supposed that the place of residence belongs to the 8-13 centuries.
# Cheran, Nalanda

Cheran village is located in the Harnaut subdivision of the Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. The locality is located 20 kilometers away from the sub-district headquarter Harnaut and 20 kilometers away from the district headquarter Biharsharif. According to 2009 statistics, Cheran village is also a gram panchayat.
The village covers a total area of 310 hectares. Cheran has a total population of 6100 people, of whom 3100 are males and 3000 are females. Cheran village has a literacy rate of 57.03%, of which 64.23% are males and 49.14% are females. Cheran village has approximately 1,376 houses.
Cheran is approximately 20 kilometers away from Biharsharif, which is the nearest town for all major economic activities.
The village is under the Harnaut Assembly constituency. The MLA is Hari Narayan Singh. Lok Sabha constituency is Nalanda and MP is Kaushlendra Kumar.

## People from the Village

Chandra Mohan Kumar
# Berkenthin

Berkenthin is a municipality in the district of Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the Elbe-Lübeck Canal, approx. 10 km northwest of Ratzeburg, and 15 km south of Lübeck.
Berkenthin is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Berkenthin.
# Sinum perspectivum

Sinum perspectivum, common name the white baby ear, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.

## Distribution

Sinum perspectivum is found on the eastern coast of America from Maryland south to Brazil, and also round Bermuda.

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 51 mm. It has a shallowly coiled shell with a wide opening and graceful curved outline. It is white both outside and inside. Like the other members of its family, it is carnivorous.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 70 m.
# Superconducting coherence length

In superconductivity, the superconducting coherence length, usually denoted as $\xi$ (Greek lowercase xi), is the characteristic exponent of the variations of the density of superconducting component.
The superconducting coherence length is one of two parameters in the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity. It is given by:
    $\xi ={\sqrt {\frac {\hbar ^{2}}{2m|\alpha (T)|}}}$
where $\alpha (T)$ is a parameter in the Ginzburg–Landau equation for $\psi$ with the form $\alpha _{0}(T-T_{c})$, where $\alpha _{0}$ is a constant.
In Landau mean-field theory, at temperatures $T$ near the superconducting critical temperature $T_{c}$, $\xi (T)\propto (1-T/T_{c})^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}$. Up to a factor of ${\sqrt {2}}$, it is equivalent to the characteristic exponent describing a recovery of the order parameter away from a perturbation in the theory of the second order phase transitions.
In some special limiting cases, for example in the weak-coupling BCS theory of isotropic s-wave superconductor it is related to characteristic Cooper pair size:
    $\xi _{BCS}={\frac {\hbar v_{f}}{\pi \Delta }}$
where $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant, $m$ is the mass of a Cooper pair (twice the electron mass), $v_{f}$ is the Fermi velocity, and $\Delta$ is the superconducting energy gap. The superconducting coherence length is a measure of the size of a Cooper pair (distance between the two electrons) and is of the order of $10^{-4}$ cm. The electron near or at the Fermi surface moving through the lattice of a metal produces behind itself an attractive potential of range of the order of $3\times 10^{-6}$ cm, the lattice distance being of order $10^{-8}$ cm. For a very authoritative explanation based on physical intuition see the CERN article by V.F. Weisskopf.
The ratio $\kappa =\lambda /\xi$, where $\lambda$ is the London penetration depth, is known as the Ginzburg–Landau parameter. Type-I superconductors are those with $0<\kappa <1/{\sqrt {2}}$, and type-II superconductors are those with $\kappa >1/{\sqrt {2}}$.
In strong-coupling, anisotropic and multi-component theories these expressions are modified.
# Pink-headed fruit dove

The pink-headed fruit dove (Ptilinopus porphyreus) also known as pink-necked fruit dove or Temminck's fruit pigeon, is a small colourful dove.
The pink-headed fruit dove is a resident breeding endemic bird in Indonesia where it occurs in the mountain forests of Sumatra, Java and Bali at altitudes of 1000–2200 m. It builds a flimsy nest in a tree and lays one or sometimes two white eggs which are incubated for 20 days to hatching, with a further 15–16 days to fledging. It is a shy and inconspicuous species, generally seen singly or in pairs, but flocks of up to 17 birds may form at favoured fruit trees.
The male has a purple-pink head, neck and throat, bordered below with a white band outlined in greenish black. The upperparts are green and the underparts grey, with yellow undertail coverts. The iris is orange, the bill is greenish, and feet are pink. The female is duller than the male, with a weaker breast band, and the juvenile is an even drabber version of the female. The call is a soft hoo.
This dove feeds on figs, small fruit and berries in the upper canopy of the forest, where it is well-camouflaged amongst the green foliage.
The pink-headed fruit dove is restricted to less than 12,000 km² of forest in three sites on Sumatra, sixteen on Java and one on Bali, always on forested mountains at least 2000m high. Most sites are smaller than 200 km² and shrinking. However the species is very inconspicuous and it is not yet thought to be threatened.
The pink-headed fruit dove is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. While in the past the species was rarely found on offer in traditional bird markets in Indonesia, in 2022 it was found that dozens of pink-headed fruit doves were openly offered for sale on Indonesian Facebook pages and other social media platforms
# İbişler, Kastamonu

İbişler is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 157 (2021).
# Hugh Gray (politician)

Hugh Gray (19 April 1916 – 1 April 2002) was a British Labour Party politician and lecturer at the University of London.
In 1966 he defeated the Conservative incumbent Anthony Fell to become the Member of Parliament (MP) for Yarmouth until 1970, when Fell regained the seat from him. He unsuccessfully fought South Norfolk in October 1974 but never re-entered Parliament.
Gray died on 1 April 2002, aged 85.
# Great Valley

Great Valley may refer to:

## Places

* Central Valley (California), or Great Valley, or Great Central Valley, that runs through the center of California.
* The Great Appalachian Valley extending from Canada to Alabama
* Great Valley, New York, a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, USA

### Pennsylvania

* Great Valley (Pennsylvania)
* Great Valley School District
* Great Valley Corporate Center
# Czech draughts

Czech draughts is a board game played in the territory formerly occupied by Czechoslovakia (the present day Czech Republic and Slovakia). It is governed by the Czech Draughts Federation.

## Game rules

The draughtsboard has eight ranks and eight files. Players each have twelve draughtsmen on opposite sides of the board, arranged on black squares only, in three rows. Men move one square diagonally forward. Once a man has reached the furthest rank of the board from the owning player, it becomes a king. Kings move diagonally forward or backward any number of positions.
A player who cannot move, either because he has lost all of his pieces, or because no legal move remains, has lost. The game is a draw when it is theoretically impossible (i.e. with perfect play) to capture any of the opponent's pieces.

### Capture rules

* Captures are mandatory in Czech draughts: when a man is found adjacent to an opposing piece behind which is an empty position, the player must attain this empty position and remove the opposing man from the board.
* Should a player be able to capture either with a man or a king, he must do so with the king.
* If multiple captures are possible, the player may choose between capturing one piece or the entire line; the capture of a partial line is not permitted. If multiple captures are performed, the pieces are removed from the board en masse when the capture is concluded.
* Players cannot capture their own pieces.

### Variant

A misere game, as with other competitions, is known, where the object is to lose all one's pieces.

## Regional differences

Although Czech draughts is itself a regional variant of the draughts game, the version played in the Slovak Republic is slightly different in that each player begins with only two ranks of men, and that the huffing rule is enforced: if a piece that must capture does not do so, the opponent may, at his option, take it before his own move. Furthermore, if a player has no legal moves, but does have men on the board, the game is a draw. This variant is played only in Slovakia (Slovak Republic) and probably by the children.
# Chasselay, Isère

Chasselay (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.