OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edmund Routledge

Edmund Routledge (30 January 1843 – 25 August 1899) was a British publisher of boys' magazines and an author of books about sports.

## Early life

Edmund Routledge was born in London on 30 January 1843, the second son of George Routledge (1812–1888), the founder of the publishing house Routledge.

## Career
### Publishing

Routledge started with his father's publishing house in 1859. He founded and edited the magazines The Broadway, one of the earliest sixpenny monthly magazines, and Every Boy's Magazine.
In 1865 Frederick Warne left Routledge, Warne, & Routledge (with rights to some of its titles) and established Frederick Warne & Co. Younger son Edmund became a Routledge partner in July, and the company then became George Routledge & Sons.

### Politics

In 1886, he stood as the Liberal Party candidate for Parliament for Kensington North, but came second to the incumbent, Sir Roper Lethbridge for the Conservative Party.
In 1887, he stood as the Liberal candidate for Parliament for Paddington North in a by-election, but came second to Sir John Aird, 1st Baronet for the Conservatives.
From 1889 to 1895, he was a member of the London County Council for the Progressive Party.

## Selected publications

* Routledge's Dramatic Readings, 196 pages

## Personal life

In 1865, he married Martha Stephenson.
On 25 August 1899, he died of a heart attack at Queen Ann's Mansion, London, leaving five sons and three daughters. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London.
# Dahlstedtia

Dahlstedtia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. The genus includes 16 species, which range from Costa Rica to Panama, and from Ecuador and northeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
* Dahlstedtia araripensis (Benth.) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia bahiana (A.M.G.Azevedo) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia burkartii M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia calcarata (F.J.Herm.) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia castaneifolia (M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia confertiflora (Benth.) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia dehiscens M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia floribunda (Vogel) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia glaziovii (Taub.) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia grandiflora (A.M.G.Azevedo) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia hylobia (Harms) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia lewisiana M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia muehlbergiana (Hassl.) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia peckoltii (Wawra) M.J.Silva & A.M.G.Azevedo
* Dahlstedtia pentaphylla (Taub.) Burkart
* Dahlstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme
# Prilednikovoye Lake

Prilednikovoye Lake (70°45′S 11°35′E﻿ / ﻿70.750°S 11.583°E﻿ / -70.750; 11.583) is a lake 1.25 nautical miles (2.3 km) south-southwest of Tyuleniy Point in the Schirmacher Hills, situated at the edge of the continental ice sheet in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named "Ozero Prilednikovoye" ("fore-glacier lake"), presumably for its location.
# The Garlic Ballads

The Garlic Ballads (Chinese: 天堂蒜薹之歌) is a 1988 novel by Nobel Prize–winning author Mo Yan. When it was published in the 1980s it was banned in China. The book is about the 1987 garlic glut.
# Wushu at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's nanquan

The men's nanquan competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand, was held on 17 December at the Thammasat Gymnasium 6.

## Schedule

All times are Indochina Time (UTC+07:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Thursday, 17 December 1998 | 20:00 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Score |
| | Lang Rongbiao (CHN) | 9.51 |
| | Leung Yat Ho (HKG) | 9.38 |
| | Voradej Puangthong (THA) | 9.30 |
| | Ho Ro Bin (MAS) | 9.30 |
| | Picasso Tan (SIN) | 9.30 |
| 6 | Lee Chin-hui (TPE) | 9.26 |
| 7 | Leong Hong Man (MAC) | 9.21 |
| 8 | Cheng Ka Ho (HKG) | 9.20 |
| 9 | Yuji Hirai (JPN) | 9.20 |
| 10 | Ochirbatyn Tüvshintögs (MGL) | 9.15 |
| 11 | Binod Lama (NEP) | 9.00 |
# Praya (animal)

Praya is a genus of marine invertebrates in the order Siphonophorae. They are colonial, but the colonies can superficially resemble jellyfish; although they appear to be a single organism, each specimen is actually a colony of Siphonophora. It contains the following species:
* Praya dubia (Quoy & Gaimard in de Blainville, 1830)
* Praya reticulata (Bigelow, 1911)
# Gmina Ełk

Gmina Ełk is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ełk, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.
The gmina covers an area of 378.61 square kilometres (146.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,148 (10,980 in 2011).

## Villages

Gmina Ełk contains the villages and settlements of Bajtkowo, Barany, Bartosze, Białojany, Bienie, Bobry, Borecki Dwór, Borki, Brodowo, Buczki, Buniaki, Chełchy, Chojniak, Chruściele, Chrzanowo, Ciernie, Czaple, Ełk POHZ, Giże, Guzki, Janisze, Judziki, Kałęczyny, Karbowskie, Konieczki, Koziki, Krokocie, Lega, Lepaki Małe, Lepaki Wielkie, Mącze, Mąki, Maleczewo, Malinówka Mała, Malinówka Wielka, Małkinie, Miluki, Mołdzie, Mostołty, Mrozy Małe, Mrozy Wielkie, Niekrasy, Nowa Wieś Ełcka, Oracze, Piaski, Pisanica, Pistki, Płociczno, Przykopka, Przytuły, Regiel, Regielnica, Rękusy, Rostki Bajtkowskie, Rożyńsk, Ruska Wieś, Rydzewo, Rymki, Sajzy, Sędki, Siedliska, Skup, Śniepie, Sordachy, Straduny, Suczki, Szarejki, Szarek, Szeligi, Talusy, Tracze, Wityny, Woszczele, Zdedy and Zdunki.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Ełk is bordered by the gminas of Biała Piska, Kalinowo, Olecko, Orzysz, Prostki, Stare Juchy and Świętajno.
# Edmund Rowley

Edmund Butler Rowley (4 May 1842 – 8 February 1905) was an English cricketer active from 1860 to 1880 who played for Lancashire and was the original club captain from institution of the post in 1866 until 1879. He was born in Manchester and died in Chorlton-on-Medlock. He appeared in 89 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who sometimes kept wicket. He scored 1,853 runs with a highest score of 78 and completed 19 catches with one stumping.
# Vattikuti Urology Institute

The Vattikuti Urology Institute (VUI) at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, is a clinical and research center for urological care.
It is known for being the first institute to implement robotic surgery as a type of treatment for patients with prostate cancer. To date, the institute has performed more than 10,000 robotic procedures.
The Vattikuti Urology Institute has been ranked highly by U.S. News & World Report. The VUI treats nearly 50,000 patients annually.

## History

The Henry Ford Hospital recruited Dr. Mani Menon as department chair in 1997. In 1999, Raj Vattikuti announced a research initiative to help patients with prostate cancer. The University of Michigan, William Beaumont Hospital, and Henry Ford Hospital competed for the funds. Menon's proposal, submitted by Henry Ford Hospital, was to establish an institute to develop techniques for minimally invasive surgery for prostate cancer. This proposal was accepted by the Vattikuti Foundation, and the Vattikuti Urology Institute was initialized in 2001.

## The Vattikuti Foundation

The Vattikuti Foundation was registered with the State of Michigan as a nonprofit on October 30, 1997 and is named after Raj Vattikuti and his wife, Padma Vattikuti. The Vattikuti Foundation is a philanthropic organization located in Michigan, founded by the Vattikuti's. Vattikuti is also the founder and CEO of Covansys Corporation in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The Vattikuti Foundation is notable for making the largest philanthropic contribution to cancer research in Michigan. The Foundation donated $20 million to the Henry Ford Hospital and also $20 million to the William Beaumont Hospital, establishing the Vattikuti Digital Breast Diagnostic Center in 2001. The donation to Henry Ford Hospital was used to support the treatment and study of prostate cancer, research, and treatment advances.

## Chairmen

* 1997–2019: Dr. Mani Menon (Chairman Emeritus)
* 2019–present: Dr. Craig Rogers
# Dahlström (surname)

Dahlström, Dahlstrom or Dalström is a Swedish surname, Norwegian version is Dahlstrøm. It derives from the Swedish/Norwegian words dal which means valley and ström/strøm which means stream.
People with the surname include:
* Alexandra Dahlström (born 1984), Swedish actress
* André Dahlström (born 1991), Swedish e-sports player
* Andreas Dahlström (born 1991), Swedish ice hockey player
* Annica Dahlström (born 1941), Swedish neuroscientist
* Anton Dahlström (born 1990), Swedish footballer
* Axel Hampus Dalström (1829–1882), Finnish architect
* Carl Dahlström (born 1995), Swedish ice hockey player
* Carl Magnus Dahlström (1805–1875), Finnish merchant and industrialist
* Cully Dahlstrom (1912–1998), American ice hockey player
* Daniel O. Dahlstrom (born 1948), American philosopher
* Donald A. Dahlstrom (1920–2004), American chemical engineer
* Emma Dahlström (born 1992), Swedish skier
* Erik Dahlström (1894–1953), Swedish footballer
* Ernst Dahlström (1846–1924), Finnish businessman and philanthropist
* Fredrik Dahlström (born 1971), Swedish footballer
* Gus Dahlström (1906–1989), Swedish actor
* Gustaf Dalstrom (1893–1971), American artist
* Harald Dahlstrøm (born 1961), Norwegian musician
* John Dahlström (born 1997), Swedish ice hockey player
* Kata Dalström (1858–1923), Swedish writer and political activist
* Magnus Dahlström (1859–1924), Finnish businessman and philanthropist
* Malin Dahlström (born 1989), Swedish pole vaulter
* Nancy Dahlstrom (born 1957), American politician
* Ole Eskild Dahlstrøm (born 1970), Norwegian ice hockey player
* Patti Dahlstrom, American singer
* Robert Dahlstrom (born ca. 1958), American business theorist
* Robin Dahlstrøm (born 1988), Norwegian ice hockey player
* Sebastian Dahlström (born 1996), Finnish footballer
* W. Grant Dahlstrom (1922–2006), American psychologist
# Prilep, Dobrich Province

Prilep is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.
# Zenik

Zenik (Serbian Cyrillic: Зеник) is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Ilidža.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 108.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 103 | 95.4% |
| other/undeclared | 5 | 4.6% |
| Total | 108 | 100% |
# Beam park

Beam park is a radar mode used for space surveillance, particularly tracking space debris. In beam-park mode, a radar beam is kept in a fixed direction with respect to the Earth, while objects passing through the beam are tracked. In 24 hours, as a result of the Earth’s rotation, the radar effectively scans a narrow strip through 360° of the celestial sphere. The scattered waves are detected by a receiver and the measurements obtained during the observations can be used to determine object radar cross-section, time of peak occurrence, polarization ratio, doppler shift and object rotation. The obtained information for each object is then processed and matched against data from previously catalogued objects. The beam-park mode can be used to detect both previously known and uncatalogued objects at any altitude, provided that the reflected power captured by the receiver can be distinguished from the noise. This limits the use of radar-based beam park observations to objects in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO). Optical instruments, in turn, have very good performance for objects in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and in Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). The radar technique typically outperforms optical facilities in LEO and can conduct observations for longer periods, both during day and night, independently of the weather and object illumination by sunlight.
The tracking sensitivity of radar-based space debris tracking systems can be further improved if they are working in conjunction with another transmitter or receiver, forming a bistatic radar system.

## History

Several US radars were the first to start carrying out beam-park tracking. These were the Haystack Radar in Massachusetts, Goldstone Radar in California, and multiple radars at the Kwajalein Atoll. Most notable, the Haystack radar is capable of tracking objects as small as 2 mm.
The first known European beam-park experiments were carried out by the German TIRA system in 1993. Performing observations in the L-band during a 10-hour long experiment, the system was able to detect small-sized objects in LEO. The first 24-hour operational measurement campaign was performed on 13–14 December 1994, with TIRA and the Fylingdales Phased-Array Radar. TIRA can also be used as a transmitter, part of a bistatic system, in conjunction with the Effelsberg Radio Telescope, functioning as a receiver, where the combined system has a detection size threshold of 1 cm.
Dedicated space surveillance sensors, often operating in beam-park mode, include the French GRAVES bistatic radar, the defunct US Air Force Space Surveillance System (Space Fence) and its replacement Space Fence. Other systems currently used for space surveillance that operate in beam-park mode include the multistatic EISCAT incoherent scatter radar system and the Medicina Radio Observatory's Northern Cross Radio Telescope and 32 m parabolic dish antenna.
# Berček

Berček is a Serbo-Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksandar Berček (born 1950), Serbian actor
* Daniela Berček (born 1984), Serbian tennis player
# Pierre Vernet

Pierre Vernet (21 March 1943 – 12 January 2010) was a Haitian linguist and lexicographer, who created the Center for Applied Linguistics in Port-au-Prince. He was instrumental in standardizing Haitian Creole (Krèyol) spelling as an aid to literacy, and the elaboration of French-Krèyol lexicons of terminology. He also published dictionaries with Alain Bentolila [fr] and with Bryant Freeman.
Vernet went to high school at Petit Séminaire Collège Saint-Martial before beginning studies at Paris Descartes University, where he would eventually earn his doctorate.
On 12 January 2010, Vernet died in the 2010 Haitian earthquake on 12 January 2010, while serving as the dean of the Applied Linguistics department of the Université d'État d'Haïti.
# Plasma cannon

Plasma cannon may refer to:
* Plasma weapon, a type of directed-energy weapon that fires a beam, bolt, or stream of plasma
* Plasma railgun, a linear accelerator which uses two long parallel electrodes to accelerate a "sliding short" armature
** MARAUDER, a United States Air Force Research Laboratory project concerning the development of a coaxial plasma railgun
* Plasma-powered cannon, an experimental weapon which accelerates a projectile by means of a plasma discharge between electrodes at the rear of the barrel
# Edmund Rowlatt

Edmund Rowlatt (1633–1693) was an Anglican priest in the second half of the seventeenth century.
Rowlatt was born in Loddington, Northamptonshire and educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He was Archdeacon of Achonry from 1668 to1693.
# St. Leo, Kansas

St. Leo is an unincorporated community in southwestern Kingman County, Kansas, United States. It is six miles north of K-42. St. Leo features a Catholic church and has an active parish community. Its ZIP Code is 67112, and area code is 620.

## Geography

The statistics of St. Leo are as follows: elevation is 1759 feet, latitude is 37° 31′ 45″N, longitude is 98° 24′ 37″W.

## Education

The community is served by Cunningham–West Kingman County USD 332 public school district.
# Elsa Barker

Elsa Barker (1869–1954) was an American novelist, short-story writer and poet. She became best known for Letters from a Living Dead Man (1914), War Letters from the Living Dead Man (1915), and Last Letters From the Living Dead Man (1919), books containing what she said were messages from a dead man produced through automatic writing.

## Biography

Barker was born in 1869 in Leicester, Vermont to Albert G. and Louise Marie Barker, both of whom died while she was young. Her earliest work was as a shorthand reporter, teacher, and newspaper writer. She was an editor of the Consolidated Encyclopedia Library in 1901, was a lecturer for the New York Board of Education in 1904-1905, and was on the editorial staff of Hamptons magazine in 1909-1910. She also authored a "labor play", The Scab, produced in New York and Boston in 1904-1906. Her first novel, The Son of Mary Bethel, was published in 1909.
Barker's father had been interested in the occult and she shared this interest, becoming a member of the Theosophical Society. She also was initiated into the Rosicrucian Order of Alpha et Omega.
Barker lived in Europe from 1910 to 1914, first in Paris and then in London. She was in London at the outbreak of World War I. In 1912, while in Paris, she felt compelled to write a passage, although she said she did not know where the words came from. She said she was "strongly impelled to take up a pencil and write." She signed the passage "X", which at first meant nothing to her. She was told that "X" was the nickname of a Los Angeles judge called David P. Hatch and then discovered that Hatch had died before she "received" the message. In 1914 she published a book of these messages called Letters from a Living Dead Man. She said that the passages were genuine messages from the dead man and Hatch's son also believed that the communications were from his father. She published two more volumes of Hatch's messages — War Letters from the Living Dead Man (1915), and Last Letters From the Living Dead Man (1919).
Around the time of the publication of War Letters from the Living Dead Man in 1915, Barker developed an interest in psychoanalysis. By 1919 she was studying 14 hours a day. From 1928 to 1930 she lived on the French Riviera. Barker died August 31, 1954.

## Selected works

* The Son of Mary Bethel (1909)
* The Frozen Grail & Other Poems (1910)
* Stories from the New Testament for Children (1911)
* The Book of Love (1912)
* Letters from a Living Dead Man (1914, 1920)
* War Letters from the Living Dead Man (1915)
* Songs of a Vagrom Angel (1916)
* Last Letters From the Living Dead Man (1919)
* Fielding Sargent (1922)
* The Cobra Candlestick (1928)
* The C.I.D. of Dexter Drake (1929)
* The Redman Cave Murder (1930)
# Prilep (disambiguation)

Prilep is a city in North Macedonia.
Prilep (Cyrillic: Прилеп) may also refer to:
* Lordship of Prilep, a successor-state of the Serbian Empire
* Prilep, Burgas Province, a village in the Burgas Province, Bulgaria
* Prilep, Dobrich Province, a village in the Dobrich Province, Bulgaria
* Prilep, Kosovo, a village in Kosovo
* Prilep Knoll, a hill in Graham Land, Antarctica
* Prilep Municipality, North Macedonia
# Dudley Fichite

Dudley Fichite (born 29 June 1978) is a retired Zambian football midfielder.
# Chilihueque

The chilihueque/chiliweke or hueque/weke (Lama araucana) is an extinct hypothetical species of South American camelid. It lived in central and southern Chile until the colonial period.

## Taxonomy

The chilihueque was first scientifically described by Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782, who named it Camelus araucanus. In 1829, Johann Baptist Fischer reassigned the species to Lama. Pierre Boitard proposed the alternate name Lama chilihueque in 1841. There are two main hypotheses for its origin: the first suggests that it was a locally-domesticated guanaco and the second that it was a llama or alpaca introduced from the north. The former hypothesis is supported by a mitochondrial DNA analysis of bones from Mocha Island.

## Description

According to Molina, Joris van Spilbergen observed the Mapuche of Mocha Island using chilihueques as plough animals. They were also ritually slaughtered by the Mapuche, as attested by various 16th century Spanish records. White individuals were reserved for dignitaries, while those of other colors were shared with commoners (including for the purpose of bride prices). Chilihueque populations declined through the 16th and 17th centuries, becoming outnumbered by sheep and other livestock brought by Europeans. The exact date of their extinction is uncertain, but it was likely in the late 18th century. At this time, only the Mapuche in Huequén (near Angol) and Mariquina still raised the species according to Tomás Guevara.
# William Field (cricketer)

William Field (17 March 1816 – 22 June 1890) was an Australian cricketer, who played one game for Tasmania.
Field was born in Port Dalrymple, Tasmania. He has the distinction of having participated in the first ever first-class match in Australia, in which he unfortunately failed to make an impact.
Field died on 22 June 1890, in Bishopsbourne, Tasmania at the age of 74.
# Grias haughtii

Grias haughtii is a species of woody plant in the Monkeypot family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia in non-flooded lowland forests. Its most remarkable feature is its leaves, which can be up to 5.5 feet (170 centimeters) in length by 16.5 inches (42 centimeters) in width. It also produces exceptionally large seeds, up to 2.7 inches (69 mm) in length by one inch (25 mm) in diameter.
# Swatek

Swatek is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Barret Swatek (born 1977), American actress and comedian
* Edwin Swatek (1885–1966), American swimmer and water polo player
# Ednaswap (album)

Ednaswap is the first album by Los Angeles band Ednaswap, released in 1995 by East West Records.
Natalie Imbruglia covered the song "Torn" for her 1997 debut album Left of the Middle. Sinéad O'Connor covered the song "The State I'm In" for her 2000 album Faith and Courage. American-Norwegian singer Trine Rein covered both songs for her 1996 album Beneath My Skin.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Anne Preven, except where noted; all music is composed by Preven and Scott Cutler, except where noted