OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Westmill

Westmill is an English village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, with an area of 1036 hectares. A population of 264 was recorded in the 2001 National Census. It lies just to the south of Buntingford, beside the River Rib.

## Communications

The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Westmill, as does the Roman road Ermine Street, which ran from London to Lincoln and York. Its route is followed here by the A10 trunk road. There is a skeleton bus service to Buntingford.
West Mill railway station on the Great Eastern Railway's Buntingford Branch Line from St Margarets to Buntingford opened on 3 July 1863. Passenger traffic thrived until the mid-1950s and the rise of car ownership. The line and station closed to passengers on 16 November 1964. The station buildings had been demolished by 1968.

## Historic buildings

The large medieval parish church, dedicated to St Mary the Virgin and restored in the 19th century, shows signs of a Saxon origin. It is one of a large number of historic buildings in the village. One, a thatched cottage named Button Snap at Cherry Green, was owned by the writer Charles Lamb from 1812 to 1815. It was through the widow of his godfather, Francis Fielde (died 1809) that Lamb, as he put it, "came into possession of the only landed property which I could ever call my own."
The church is part of a joint benefice of Aspenden and Buntingford. The commons were enclosed in 1819.
The former 16th century watermill is now a private house.

## Facilities

The village has a pub/restaurant, the Sword Inn Hand, and a village hall, where a children's nursery is held.

## Notable residents

* The antiquary Nathanael Salmon (1675–1742) was a curate in the village for several years, but refused to take the oath of allegiance to Queen Anne in 1702 and later practised as a doctor in St Ives. His History of Hertfordshire appeared in 1728.
* Westmill was the 1833 birthplace of the child diarist Emily Pepys, whose father Henry Pepys, later bishop of Sodor and Man, then bishop of Worcester, was the rector from 1827 to 1840. He donated a stained-glass window in memory of four of his children, who died in childhood. This can be seen behind the altar.
* The murder of a small girl by her nine-year-old brother, Billy Game, at Westmill in 1848 became the subject of a ballad.
# Conditions races

Conditions races are horse races in which the weights carried by the runners are laid down by the conditions attached to the race. Weights are allocated according to the sex of the runners, with female runners carrying less weight than males; the age of the runners, with younger horses receiving weight from older runners to allow for relative maturity, referred to as weight for age; and the quality of the runners, with horses that have won certain values of races giving weight to less successful entrants.
Conditions races are distinct from handicap races, for which the weights carried are laid down by an official handicapper to equalise the difference in ability between the runners. In Great Britain, for example, the British Horseracing Authority's rules define a conditions race as being one "which is none of the following; a Handicap Race or a Novice Race, a race restricted to Maiden Horses, or a race governed by Selling or Claiming provisions."
Conditions races are staged at all levels of horse racing. As all of the most important races in Europe are conditions races, the term may also refer to races for the very best horses, known as Group races. That is not the case in North America and Australia, where handicaps are included in the Group race/Graded race system.
# Udhvaganathar Temple

Udhvaganathar Temple is a Hindu temple located at Thirumananjeri in the Kuthalam taluk of Mayiladuthurai district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is dedicated to the goddess Kokila.

## Location

Udhvaganathar Temple is located at a distance of 5 kilometres from Kuthalam on the Kumbakonam-Mayiladuthurai road.

## Deity

The presiding deity is Kokila.

## Speciality

Worship is offered by unmarried people and couples desiring children.
# Donta Abron

Donta Abron (born July 4, 1972) is an American former football player who played college football at Northern Arizona Lumberjacks and professional football for the Baltimore Stallions of the Canadian Football League and the Albany Firebirds and Grand Rapids Rampage of the Arena Football League.

## Professional career

On March 22, 1995, Donta was signed by the Baltimore Stallions. Abron was a member of the Albany Firebirds for the 1997 season. In 1998, he played for the Grand Rapids Rampage. He was moved from wide receiver/defensive back to defensive specialist next to Raphael Ball. In 1999, he did not play for the Rampage but was placed on recallable waivers.
# Barsaglina

Barsaglina is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in Tuscany and Liguria where it most often used to add color and tannins to blends. Some ampelographers speculate that grape may be related to Sangiovese due to morphological similarities. Barsaglina was near extinction until a Tuscan wine producer, Paolo Storchi, help revive the variety by making it a significant component of his red Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) Toscana blend. The grape is also permitted to be used in the Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) wines of Colli di Luni.

## History

Ampelographers believe that the Ligurian synonym Massaretta could be derived from the province of Massa and Carrara in Tuscany that borders Liguria and hints at the potential birthplace of Barsaglina. Morphological similarities in the vine, leaves and cluster of the variety has also suggested to some ampelographers that there may be a potential relationship with the notable Tuscan wine grape Sangiovese.
While Barsaglina has had a long history of cultivation around Carrara and Massa, the grape was on the verge of extinction in the late 20th century until a Tuscan wine producer, Paolo Storchi, revived plantings of the variety at his Podere Scurtarola estate (much the same way Storchi help revived Vermentino nero).

## Viticulture

Barsaglina is a mid-ripening grape variety that is often harvested near the end of September. The vine can be very vigorous and prone to producing a large canopy of foliage if not kept in check by pruning and canopy management techniques. Among the viticultural hazards that Barsaglina is most susceptible to is the fungal infection of powdery mildew.

## Wine regions

In 2000, there were less than 30 hectares (74 acres) of Barsaglina planted in Italy, mostly in the province of Massa and Carrara in northwest Tuscany. Across the border in Liguria, some limited plantings of the grape are also found where it is known locally as Massaretta. The grape is currently permitted in several IGT wines, including the generic Toscana IGT and Val di Magra which runs through the province of Massa and Carrara. The grape is also permitted in the DOC wines of Colli di Luna in Tuscany.

## Styles

According to Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, Barsaglina tends to make deeply colored and tannic wines, due to the high anthocyanin and phenolic content of the grapes, with aromas of dark fruit and violets. In Tuscany, it is most often used as a blending component.

## Synonyms

Over the years, Barsaglina has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Barsullina, Bersaglina, Massareta (in Liguria) and Massaretta (in Liguria).
# Sajjad Shar

Sajjad Shar (Sindhi: سجاد شر) (born 26 March 1986), is the current Secretary General of banned Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz; A political organization working for freedom of Sindhudesh from Pakistan and was first president of JSMM's student wing Jeay Sindh Students' Federation (JSSF) & was former youngest president of Jeay Sindh Qoumi Mahaz's student wing. currently state had nominated him in several cases of treason and he is one of the underground leader of JSMM.he is now in england reason of BAGHi.

## Early life and career

Sajjad Shar was born on 1 March 1986 at Village of Rasool Pur, Khairpur, Pakistan.

### As a student leader

Sajjad Shar was the youngest president of Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz's student wing Jeay Sindh Students' Federation. Sajjad Shar struggling in Sindh on various issues of student politics and admissions policies. He also attended and represented Sindhis' students politics in conference on All Pakistan student leaders conference on peace-building in campuses, held in Lahore, Pakistan.

### As a leader of JSMM

Sajjad Shar joined Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz on 10 February 2010. Nowadays he is working as Secretary General of JSMM. His alleged steps against Pakistan, State had nominated him in several cases of treason. He was first president of JSMM's student wing Jeay Sindh Students' Federation (JSSF).

### As a writer

Sajjad Shar has written so many articles on various issues and about history. He mostly writes in leading Sindhi newspapers Daily Kawish. and Daily Awami Awaz. He is also regular writer in JSMM's official propaganda Magazine Khahorri.
On different occasions he meets with intellectuals of Sindh. He addressed Bar Counsels on the Sindh case. He also meets many times Baloch leader Nawab Khair Bakhsh Marri.
* Recently home town of Sajjad shar was under heavy siege of Rangers, Police and plain cloth personnel for several hours, Forces arrested two uncles of Sajjad shar after door to door search operation. Whereabouts of his uncles is still unknown.
# Wicked Willie

Wicked Willie is a humorous British cartoon character personified as a talking penis, created by Gray Jolliffe (illustrator) and Peter Mayle (writer). He first appeared in the book Man's Best Friend, published in 1984. He has subsequently appeared in Wicked Willie – The Movie, and the board game, The Wicked Willie Game. Jolliffe has said that the idea for Wicked Willie came to him one day, while he was in the bath. A more detailed history of Wicked Willie is found in the book Wicked Willie Reloaded.
Journalist Peter Silverton described it thus: "...comic books about a man and his Wicked Willie. It was a dialogue—mostly about women, of course—between the two. Its irony is that the 'dreadful little trouser mole' is by far the sharper of the two brains".

## Personification

Author Peter Mayle describes Wicked Willie as "a rampant penis". In her book Communicating Gender, Suzanne Romaine notes:
    "The personification metaphor suggests that the penis leads a life of its own. It has been popularized in Britain in the form of the Wicked Willie books, where Willie is referred to as "Man's Best Friend".
Scottish feminist linguist Deborah Cameron notes that:
    "In England, there is a popular cartoon character called "Wicked Willie" [...] The underlying conceit is that men secretly regard their penis as an individual in its own right (and one to whom they are deeply attached). Though the cartoon is a joke, it presumably speaks to a widely recognized, culturally constructed experience of the penis as an uncontrollable Other, with a life of its own".
The character also contributed to the permissiveness and acceptance of sex on the high street. British journalist Libby Purves writes:
    "High street shops no longer bother to put their hopping penises on a high shelf, and nor do bookshops selling Wicked Willie and the like."

## Reception

In March 1987, the book Wicked Willie's Guide to Women was in the number 7 position in the Paperback Non-Fiction section of the Month's Bestsellers. Almost a year later, Wicked Willie's Low-down on Men had reached number 6 in the same chart.
# Puberty menorrhagia

Excessive menstruation between puberty and 19 years of age is called puberty menorrhagia. Excessive menstruation is defined as bleeding over 80 ml per menstrual period or lasting more than 7 days. The most common cause for puberty menorrhagia is dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The other reasons are idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hypothyroidism, genital tuberculosis, polycystic ovarian disease, leukemia and coagulation disorders. The most common physiological reason for puberty menorrhagia is the immaturity of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, leading to inadequate positive feedback and sustained high estrogen levels. Most patients present with anemia due to excessive blood loss.
The patient is assessed with a thorough medical history, physical examination (to look for features of anemia), gynaecological examination (to rule out local causes) and laboratory investigations (to rule out coagulopathies and malignancy). It is mandatory to exclude pregnancy. The treatment is determined based on the cause of menorrhagia. In case of puberty menorrhagia due to immaturity of hypothalamic axis, hormonal therapy is beneficial. Treatment for blood loss should be done simultaneously with iron therapy in mild to moderate blood loss and blood transfusion in severe blood loss.
# Don Bassman

Don Bassman (April 2, 1927 – January 24, 1993) was an American sound engineer and VP of Special Sound Projects at 20th Century Fox. He won an Academy Award for Best Sound and was nominated for three more in the same category. He also won an Emmy Award for Eleanor and Franklin in 1976.

## Selected filmography

Bassman won an Academy Award and was nominated for three more:

### Won

* Patton (1970)

### Nominated

* Die Hard (1988)
* The Abyss (1989)
* The Hunt for Red October (1990)
# Bomphiologia

Bomphiologia, also known as verborum bombus, is a rhetorical technique wherein the speaker brags excessively.

## History

The term verborum bombus is used by the sixteenth-century English rhetorician Richard Sherry in his 1550 book A treatise of Schemes & Tropes. In it, Sherry says
   Verborum bombus, when small & triflyng thynges are set out wyth great gasyng wordes. Example of this have you in Terrence of the boasting souldiar.
Sherry mentions the miles gloriosus character from the plays of the Roman playwright Plautus. The miles gloriosus (meaning "braggart soldier") is a stock character from a play by Plautus. The miles gloriosus was a soldier who, although a coward, bragged excessively about past experiences.
The most famous miles gloriosus in theatre is probably Shakespeare's Sir John Falstaff. Falstaff is a fat old knight in the service of the English king who brags about his battle experiences, despite being cowardly and averse to battle. In one scene, Falstaff says
   I would to God my name were not so terrible to the enemy as it is. I were better to be eaten to death with a rust than to be scoured to nothing with perpetual motion (Henry IV, Part 2 1.2.218-221).
Falstaff here is lamenting the fact that because his name is so terrifying, enemies avoid fighting him. This is obviously bomphiologia on Falstaff's part.

## Uses

Bomphiologia can be used to comic effect, as in the above hyperbolic instance with the character of Falstaff. This is an ironic use of the term, because Falstaff is an old, fat drunkard—-obviously in no condition to be scaring enemies as he claims to be.
Edgar Allan Poe used bomphiologia as a part of his style. One instance of this is in the following passage
   two cats ... alighting opposite one another on my visage, betook themselves to indecorous contention for the paltry consideration of my nose. ("Loss of Breath" 2:159)
This could have been simply stated, "Two cats fought over my nose." Instead, Poe presents a more stylized version which fills out the personality of his narrator. It lets the reader know that the story is told by an unreliable narrator who is prone to exaggeration.
# Behavioral treatment program

Behavioral treatment programs include:
Psychological behavioral therapy in general, such as:
Congregate care facilities such as:
* Residential treatment center
* Therapeutic boarding school
* Wilderness therapy programs
# Conditum

Conditum, piperatum, or konditon (κόνδιτον) is a family of spiced wines in ancient Roman and Byzantine cuisine.
The Latin name translates roughly as "spiced". Recipes for conditum viatorium (traveler's spiced wine) and conditum paradoxum (surprise spiced wine) are found in De re coquinaria. This conditum paradoxum includes wine, honey, pepper, mastic, laurel, saffron, date seeds and dates soaked in wine.
In the Levant of the 4th-century CE, the main ingredients of conditum were wine, honey and pepper corns. Conditum was considered to be a piquant wine.
A 10th-century redaction of an earlier Greek Byzantine agricultural work brings down the relative portions of each ingredient:
   Let eight scruples of pepper [corns] washed and dried and carefully pounded; one sextarius of Attic honey, and four or five sextarii of old white wine, be mixed.
# Donnchadh III, Earl of Fife

Donnchadh III or Duncan was Earl of Fife (or Mormaer) from 1270 to 1288.
He succeeded as only a child, the son of the previous Mormaer Colbán, who died young. During his minority, William Wishart, Bishop of St Andrews, became custos of the Mormaerdom. Perhaps owing to a power-struggle within the Mormaerdom, the Bishop confiscated some lands from the MacDuib chief, head of Fife's Gaelic society. Later, King Edward I of England ordered the Guardians of Scotland to restore these lands. Donnchadh himself was one of these guardians, responsible for supervising the government of Scotland in the absence of the King. He had in 1284 joined with other Scottish noblemen who acknowledged Margaret of Norway as the heir of Alexander III.
Donnchadh married Johanna (or Joan), daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester by his first wife Alice de Lusignan (div. 1271) and had at least two sons, Duncan and an anonymous MacDuibh (=MacDuff). The latter's first name is unknown, but the style implies he was head of Clann mac Duib. He also had a daughter, Isabella, who married John Comyn, Earl of Buchan.
The Mormaer's last historical appearance is in a document (possibly after his death) dated August 1289. He was murdered in his prime at Pittillock near Falkland, Fife, while on his way to Dunfermline, the seat of Scottish government at that time, by some of his kinsmen in September. The Chronicle of Lanercost called the mormaer "cruel and greedy beyond the average" (Barrow, Robert Bruce, p. 332, note 33). He was buried at Cupar Abbey.
# Philbrick

Philbrick is a locational surname of British origin. An alternative spelling is Philbrook. The surname spread to America when Thomas Philbrick emigrated to Massachusetts in 1633. The name may refer to:
* Clancy Philbrick (born 1986), American artist
* David Philbrick Conner (born 1949), American businessman
* Donald Philbrick (1937-2022), American politician
* Frank Philbrick (born 1978), American writer
* George A. Philbrick (1913–1974), American engineer
* Herbert Philbrick (1915–1993), American businessman
* Inigo Philbrick (born 1987/1988), American art dealer and convicted fraudster
* John Dudley Philbrick (1818–1886), American educator
* Joseph Philbrick Webster (1819–1875), American musician
* Nathaniel Philbrick (born 1956), American writer
* Rodman Philbrick (born 1951), American writer
* Stephen Philbrick (born 1949), American writer
# Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire

The Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire, which ran for 3 days every February from 2006 to 2016 (and a reborn event in 2018), was a yearly adult-themed fair with programming geared towards ages 16 and up. It was founded by Jeff Mach.

## Description

The Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire was an indoor renaissance festival for ages 16 and up. The event started with Renaissance-themed programming, but later expanded to include additional themes including Steampunk, Gothic, Burlesque shows, Pirates, Ninjas, Fairtales, and Villans. An adult section was also added in the early years.

## History

Wicked Faire was an event organized by Widdershins, LLC DBA Wicked Events by Jeff Mach. The first Wicked Faire was held in February 2006 at the New Jersey Convention and Expo Center.
In 2013, the Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire was the largest indoor Renaissance Faire in the world.
The 2016 edition of the Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire was announced to be the last one, founder Jeff Mach explaining that the Faire reached maturity and that the event had lost its novelty spark.
In 2017, Jeff Mach launched the Glimmerdark festival in Princeton, which was presented as the successor of the Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire. Jeff Mach said the Glimmerdark festival retained the best elements of the Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire.
Tammy Shipps, president of Silver Phoenix, purchased the intellectual rights of the Wicked Winter Renaissance Faire on 13 March 2018 and renamed JME from Jeff Mach Events to Just Magical Events. Wicked Faire 2018 was funded by a buyout from Turtle Hill Events.

## Controversy

In 2018, allegations of exploitation, harassment, falling through on financial agreements and sexual misconduct by founder Jeff Mach were posted by venders, volunteers, employees, event guests, and partners on social media and gathered on an anonymous Blogspot called Owl Eye View and in the Daily Beast. Assertions included a description of one woman being forced to take sleeping medication, consent violations, offering of sexual favors, and BDSM practices without clear consent. In response, Jeff Mach stepped down from hosting events, and Jeff Mach Events was renamed Just Magical Events. As of 2023 Just Magical Events has returned to hosting events under the name Jeff Mach Events and is currently run by Jeff Mach.
# Blue Planet Prize

The Blue Planet Prize recognises outstanding efforts in scientific research or applications of science that contribute to solving global environmental problems. The prize was created by the Asahi Glass Foundation in 1992, the year of the Rio Earth Summit, and since then the foundation has awarded the prize to two winners every year. In 2012, twenty of the Blue Planet Prize winners collaborated on a joint paper that was launched at the UN Environment Programme's Governing Council meeting in Nairobi on 20 February.

## List of laureates

* 1992 Dr. Syukuro Manabe and the International Institute for Environment and Development
* 1993 Dr Charles D. Keeling and IUCN-The World Conservation Union
* 1994 Prof. Dr. Eugen Seibold and Mr. Lester R. Brown
* 1995 Mr. Maurice F. Strong and Dr. Bert Bolin
* 1996 Dr. Wallace S. Broecker and M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation
* 1997 Dr. James E. Lovelock and Conservation International
* 1998 Prof. Mikhail I. Budyko and Mr. David R. Brower
* 1999 Dr. Paul R. Ehrlich and Prof. Qu Geping
* 2000 Dr. Theo Colborn and Dr. Karl-Henrik Robèrt
* 2001 Lord (Robert) May of Oxford and Dr. Norman Myers
* 2002 Professor Harold A. Mooney and Prof. J. Gustave Speth
* 2003 Dr. Gene E. Likens / Dr. F. Herbert Bormann and Dr. Vo Quy
* 2004 Dr. Susan Solomon and Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland
* 2005 Prof. Sir Nicholas Shackleton and Dr. Gordon Hisashi Sato
* 2006 Dr. Akira Miyawaki and Dr. Emil Salim
* 2007 Professor Joseph Sax and Dr. Amory B. Lovins
* 2008 Dr. Claude Lorius and Professor José Goldemberg
* 2009 Professor Hirofumi Uzawa and Lord (Nicholas) Stern of Brentford
* 2010 Dr. James Hansen and Dr. Robert Watson
* 2011 Dr. Jane Lubchenco and Barefoot College
* 2012 Professor William E. Rees / Dr. Mathis Wackernagel and Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy
* 2013 Dr. Taroh Matsuno and Dr. Daniel Sperling
* 2014 Prof. Herman Daly and Prof. Daniel H. Janzen / Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)
* 2015 Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta FBA FRS and Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs
* 2016 Mr. Pavan Sukhdev and Prof. Markus Borner
* 2017 Prof. Hans Joachim Schellnhuber and Prof. Gretchen C. Daily
* 2018 Prof. Brian Walker and Prof. Malin Falkenmark
* 2019 Prof. Eric Lambin and Prof. Jared Diamond
* 2020 Prof. David Tilman and Dr. Simon Stuart
* 2021 Prof. Veerabhadran Ramanathan and Prof. Mohan Munasinghe
* 2022 His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the Fourth King of Bhutan and Prof. Stephen Carpenter
* 2023 Richard Thompson / Tamara Galloway / Penelope Lindeque and Debarati Guha-Sapir