OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ingoald

Ingoald (died 830) was the Abbot of Farfa from 815, succeeding Benedict. At the beginning of his abbacy he vigorously protested the policies of Pope Leo III (795–816), which had resulted in the abbey's loss of property. Ingoald complained about not only the—illegitimate, as he saw it—seizure of Farfa's lands, but also the application of dubious laws of Roman origin in a zone that followed Lombard law. While Ingoald also fostered close contacts with the Carolingian rulers of Francia and Lombardy, he resisted secular encroachments on the abbey's privileges as staunchly as he resisted papal ones. The rate of property transactions at Farfa seems to have peaked under Ingoald, but the surviving documentary evidence is far from complete.
In 817 Pope Stephen IV issued a bull claiming that Farfa's lands lay within the Papal patrimonium sabinense (Sabine patrimony) and under Papal ius (jurisdiction), and that therefore the abbey owed the Holy See an annual rent (pensio) of ten gold solidi. Hoping to recover Farfa's lost territories, Ingoald agreed to pay the pensio. When the lands were not returned, he sent a complaint to King Lothair I that the monastery was "constrained under tribute and payment to the Roman pontiffs" and its lands "violently taken away". In 824, on the occasion of the promulgation of the Constitutio Romana, the king and his father, the Emperor Louis I, responded with a privilege for Farfa. In the next pontificate, that of Paschal I (817–24), this claim to an annual rent was withdrawn, but in January 829 Farfa's advocate, Audolf, accused Leo III and the earlier Adrian II of having invaded the monastery's properties with force. By the time of this tribunal, held in the presence of imperial missi dominici and Pope Gregory IV in the Basilica of Saint John Lateran, the complaint of payment had been dropped, so the imperial privilege seems to have had its intended effect. Although Ingoald presented charters from Duke Theodicius of Spoleto and Queen Ansa with confirmations from King Desiderius and Charlemagne, and the tribunal found in Farfa's favour, Gregory IV "refused to do anything" (facere noluit).
Ingoald was succeeded by Sichard.
# Pettinger

Pettinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aldam Pettinger (1859-1950), Australian sportsman
* Andy Pettinger (born 1984), English footballer
* Billy Pettinger (born 1982), Canadian singer and songwriter
* Donald R. Pettinger (born 1961), American jockey
* Eric Pettinger (1904–1968), Canadian ice hockey player, brother of Gord
* Glenn Pettinger (1928–2019), Canadian basketball player
* Gord Pettinger (1911–1986), Canadian ice hockey player
* John Pettinger (born 1953), British Army officer
* Matt Pettinger (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player
* Paul Pettinger (born 1975), English footballer
* Rosi Pettinger (born 1933), German figure skater
* Tejvan Pettinger (born 1976), English cyclist
# Pettino

Pettino (Pitinum in Latin) is a frazione of the comune of Campello sul Clitunno and former Latin Catholic bishopric in the Province of Perugia, in central Italy's Umbria region.
It stands at an elevation of 1074 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001, it had only 74 inhabitants.

## Ecclesiastical history

The Diocese of Pitinum (or Pettino) was established circa 300 AD, but suppressed circa 400 AD and had its territory reassigned to the Diocese of Amiterno. No incumbents available.
* church of the saints Quirico e Giulitta dentro il borgo
* Fountain
* the church of Sant'Emidio
# Peter R. Romero

Peter R. Romero (February 18, 1920 – July 29, 2010) was an art director. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film The Right Stuff.

## Selected filmography

* The Right Stuff (1983)
# Peter R. Newman

Peter Richard Newman (4 June 1926 – 22 February 1975) was an English television screenwriter in the 1950s and 1960s.

## Early life

He was born in Ilford, Essex.

## Writing

He wrote a television play, Yesterday's Enemy, which he later turned into a screenplay for Val Guest; the film version was released in 1959 by Hammer. As a three-act play, it was published by Samuel French in 1960. He was commissioned for further screenplays, but the relationship between Newman and Hammer deteriorated over financial concerns. His Western screenplay, The San Siado Killings, would become the basis for the 1961 Eurowestern film Savage Guns. The latter, one of the first Spaghetti Westerns, was credited to Edmund Morris. It was also the first western to be shot on location in Almeria, Spain, an area which would be often used in later Spaghetti Westerns during the next two decades.
He wrote The Sensorites for the first season of Doctor Who in 1963–64. This would be Newman's only contribution to Doctor Who, and indeed his last credit for British television. He subsequently developed severe writer's block and took a job as a porter at the Tate Gallery.

## Personal life

In an attempt to join the army before he was of age, Newman fled his school and exchanged clothes with a deserter he subsequently met, not knowing at the time that the soldier was a deserter. This resulted in some trouble with the police, who sought out his family under the belief that it was Newman who had deserted. Unable to return to school as he was expelled, he did eventually join the army legally and was deployed to Burma, where he met and befriended a Japanese soldier. It is likely his experiences there greatly influenced his writing in both Yesterday's Enemy and The Sensorites.

## Death

He died in 1975 after suffering a cerebral haemorrhage following an accident at work in which he fell down a flight of stairs and hit his head on an iron radiator.
# Wall High School

Wall High School may refer to:
* Wall High School (New Jersey) — Wall, New Jersey
* Wall High School (South Dakota) — Wall, South Dakota
* Wall High School (Texas) — Wall, Texas
# Petkovići

Petkovići (Cyrillic: Петковићи) is a village in the municipality of Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 34 in 1991.
# Petkovtsi, Gabrovo Province

Petkovtsi is a village in Dryanovo Municipality, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria.
# Pewley Down

Pewley Down is a 9.5-hectare (23-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the southern outskirts of Guildford in Surrey, adjacent to Pewley Hill. It is owned and managed by Guildford Borough Council. The site is on a hill offering views south to St Martha's Hill, Chantry Wood, and beyond.

## History

Pewley Down was owned by the Austens, a family of local merchants, from the early 16th century. Following the death of Robert Godwin-Austen in 1884, it passed to Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen. Partly as a result of the Agricultural Depression, his properties struggled financially, and Henry was declared bankrupt in 1898. In 1907, the bankruptcy trustees began to construct a road across Pewley Down in preparation for dividing the land into plots for housebuilding.
After local protest, Pewley Down was purchased by the Friary, Holroyd & Healy's Brewery and donated to the town of Guildford on 29 July 1920 to commemorate the conclusion of the First World War as a peace thank offering with the condition that it be "preserved for time immemorial as a playground for the people of Guildford". The deed of conveyance was formally handed over to the mayor by Mr Charles Hoskins Master the chairman of directors. The site was designated as a local nature reserve in July 2006. An adjacent set of fields, now known as Pewley Down Meadows, were purchased by the community in 2021 and are managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust as a local nature reserve.

## Nature

This site is an example of chalk downland, and has several species of rare flowering plants, including pyramidal and Man orchids.
Invertebrates include 26 species of butterflies, including the small blue and chalkhill blue, and 119 species of bees, wasps and ants.
# Phataria unifascialis

Phataria unifascialis is a species of starfish in the family Ophidiasteridae. It is sometimes known as the blue seastar or tan starfish, but both these names are also used for other species (e.g., blue seastar for Linckia laevigata). It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean where it ranges from the Gulf of California and Magdalena Bay (Mexico) to northwest Peru, including various eastern Pacific island groups such as the Galápagos. It remains fully active at temperatures down to 17 °C (63 °F), but becomes inactive when it drops to 14 °C (57 °F). It reaches a diameter of about 30 cm (1 ft).

## Distribution in Panama

In Panama this species has been collected from Monte Island (USNM E 11842), Pearl Islands Archipelago (USNM E 7595) and Taboga Island (USNM 39144), Taboguilla Island (USNM E 11832, depth 12 m), Culebra Island (USNM E 37379, USNM E 37377; Centroid Latitude: 8.9133, Centroid Longitude: -79.5317), Venado Island (USNM E 37376; Centroid Latitude: 8.8792, Centroid Longitude: -79.59583), Perico Island (USNM E 35150), Gulf of Panama, eastern Pacific.
# Phatanus

Phatanus was a city and episcopal see in Roman Egypt, which remains a Latin Church titular see. The titular see has also been held by one Coptic Catholic auxiliary eparch.

## History

The city, near modern El-Batanu or El-Batnu, was important enough in the Late Roman province of Aegyptus Primus to become one of the suffragans of the Metropolitan of the capital, none other than the original Patriarchate of Alexandria. Later it faded.

## Titular see

The diocese was nominally restored Latin Church titular see of the episcopal (lowest) rank under the name of Phatanus (Latine), Phatanen(sis) (Latin adjective) or Fatano (Curiate Italian).
It is vacant since decades, having had only two incumbents, so far of the fitting episcopal rank, including one Eastern Catholic :
* Jean Wolff, Holy Ghost Fathers (C.S.Sp.) (1941.07.08 – 1955.09.14), first as Apostolic Vicar of Majunga (Madagascar) (1941.07.08 – 1947.02.13), then as Vicar Apostolic of Diégo-Suarez (Madagascar) (1947.02.13 – 1955.09.14); later succeeded as last suffragan Bishop of Diégo-Suarez (Madagascar) (1955.09.14 – 1958.12.11), promoted with his see first Metropolitan Archbishop of Diégo-Suarez (1958.12.11 – 1967.04.13), emeritate as Titular Archbishop of Gummi in Byzacena (1967.04.13 – 1971.05.24)
* Youhanna Nueir, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1955.12.08 – 1965.03.26) as Auxiliary Bishop of Luqsor of the Copts (Egypt) (1955.12.08 – 1965.03.26), Eparch (Bishop) of Assiut of the Copts (once Lycopolis, Egypt) (1965.03.26 – retired 1990.03.20)

## Sources

* GCatholic
# Wallach rearrangement

The Wallach rearrangement, also named Wallach transformation, is a name reaction in the organic chemistry. It is named after Otto Wallach, who discovered this reaction in 1880. In general it is a strong acid-promoted conversion of azoxybenzenes into hydroxyazobenzenes.

## General reaction scheme

The Wallach rearrangement is an organic reaction converting an aromatic azoxy compound with sulfuric acid or other strong acids to an azo compound with one arene ring substituted by a hydroxyl group in the aromatic para position.
Conceptually related reactions are the Fries rearrangement, the Fischer–Hepp rearrangement, the Bamberger rearrangement, the benzidine rearrangement and the Hofmann–Martius rearrangement.
In the first part of the reaction, two equivalents of acid tease the oxygen atom away from the azoxy group. The resulting dicationic intermediate with an unusual R–N$^+$=N$^+$–R motif in this scheme has been observed by proton NMR in a system of fluoroantimonic acid and azoxybenzene at −50 °C. In the second part, the HSO$_4$$^−$ anion is a nucleophile in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution followed by hydrolysis.

## Reaction mechanism

The reaction mechanism for this reaction is not known with great precision despite experimental evidence:
* The primary kinetic isotope effect for the arene proton is close to one excluding the corresponding C–H bond from breaking in the rate-determining step.
* The chemical kinetics of the reaction point to involvement of two protons in the reaction: the reaction rate of the rearrangement continues to increase beyond the stage of complete monoprotonation of the substrate.
* Other kinetic evidence identifies the second proton donation as the rate-determining step.
* The phenolic oxygen atom in the product is not the oxygen atom in the reactant but provided by solvent, based on isotopic scrambling experiments.
* Furthermore, isotope labeling of the N–O nitrogen atom in azoxybenzene gives the azo compound with the $^{15}$N isotope distributed over both nitrogen atoms indicating a symmetrical intermediate.
A mechanism not inconsistent with these findings is depicted below:
First, azoxybenzene undergoes protonation twice to afford a gitionic intermediate. The difficulty of protonating next to an already cationic nitrogen makes this second protonation step rate-determining. Water is eliminated to give the inferred symmetric intermediate, which is again gitionic and superelectrophilic. Water adds at the terminal position to give an intermediate that undergoes two successive deprotonation steps to give the 4-hydroxyazobenzene.

## Applications

This reaction has a general application in the preparation of hydroxyazobenzenes and hydroxyazonaphthalenes. They are used for coloration of soap, lacquer and resin.
# Inocyclus

Inocyclus is a genus of fungi in the family Parmulariaceae.
# Walsh baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Walsh, one in the Baronetage of Ireland and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.
* Walsh baronets of Little Ireland (1645)
* Walsh baronets of Ormathwaite and Warfield (1804): see Baron Ormathwaite
# Wallamba River

Wallamba River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

Wallamba River rises on the northern slopes of Kyle Range, near the locality of Gangat. The river generally flows east and then south, joined by five minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Coolongolook River at Wallis Lake; descending 271 metres (889 ft) over its 72 kilometres (45 mi) course.
The river is transversed by the Pacific Highway south of Nabiac.
At one stage, a riverboat milk pick-up service operated for the dairy farmers who farmed along the banks of the river. This service was discontinued in the mid-1970s due to economic reasons. Road milk tankers were then used to pick up from the farms.
Water skiing and fishing is popular along the Wallamba.
# Barsø

Barsø is a small populated island which is part of the Aabenraa municipality (Danish, kommune) in South Jutland County on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark. It has a car ferry connection to the mainland.
# Petros Klampanis

Petros Klampanis (born July 15, 1981), is a Greek bassist, composer, arranger, producer, and educator.
Named a “Bass Ace” by Bass Player Magazine, composer and bassist Petros Klampanis grew up in Greece. In addition to his appearances in the US, he has performed at the JazzAhead Festival in Bremen, XJazz Festival in Berlin, and others.
His 3rd album, Chroma, released by Motema records, was awarded as the best Live album of 2017, by the Independent Music Awards and was featured in radio and press outlets including WBGO. Since 2011, he has recorded 5 albums as a leader. His debut album “Contextual” was released by Inner Circle Music, while his second album “Minor Dispute”, was selected as one of the best jazz records in 2015 by NPR (National Public Radio USA). His music has been performed by Greek Public Symphonic Orchestra and by MOYSA the Symphonic Youth Orchestra of Thessaloniki.
His 4th album 'Irrationalities' was released in October 2019 by Enja/Yellowbird. It is a trio album, featuring long-time collaborators Kristjan Randalu and Bodek Janke. JazzTimes praised it as 'A dazzling, multifaceted thing of Beauty'. 'Irrationalities' received 3 awards at the 2020 Independent Music Awards: 'Jazz Instrumental' & 'Vox Pop' for the track 'Easy Come Easy Go' and 'Jazz Producer' for Petros Klampanis.
# Bartlett, North Dakota

Bartlett is an unincorporated community in Ramsey County, North Dakota, United States. In recent years, the town's population has dwindled.
A BNSF rail line runs through Bartlett.

## History

A post office called Bartlett was established in 1883, and remained in operation until being discontinued in 1975. The community was named for Frank Bartlett, the original owner of the town site.
# Walter Gordon

Walter Gordon may refer to:
* Jamaa Fanaka (Walter Gordon, 1942–2012), African-American filmmaker
* Walter A. Gordon (1894–1976), African-American political figure and American football player for University of California, Berkeley
* Walter Henry Gordon (1863–1924), American World War I general
* Walter L. Gordon (1906–1987), Canadian politician and cabinet minister
* Walter L. Gordon Jr. (1908-2012), American attorney
* Walter Gordon (veteran) (1920–1997), American World War II veteran
* Walter Gordon (physicist) (1893–1939), physicist active in the 1920s
# Intelsat III F-1

Intelsat III F-1 was a communications satellite intended to be operated by Intelsat. Launched towards geostationary orbit in 1968 it failed to achieve orbit.

## Design

The first of eight Intelsat III satellites to be launched, Intelsat III F-1 was built by TRW. It was a 293-kilogram (646 lb) spacecraft equipped with two transponders to be powered by body-mounted solar cells generating 183 watts of power. It had a design life of five years and carried an SVM-2 apogee motor for propulsion.

## Launch

Intelsat III F-1 was launched on the maiden flight of the Delta M rocket, flying from Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The launch took place at 00:09:00 UTC on September 19, 1968, with the spacecraft bound for a geosynchronous transfer orbit.
It was to go in operation above the Atlantic Ocean in time to relay broadcasts of the next month's Olympics in Mexico City.
Twenty seconds after liftoff a fault became apparent in the gyroscope used to monitor the rate at which the rocket pitched over. Control of the rocket was subsequently lost, with it beginning to disintegrate around 102 seconds into the flight. At 108 seconds after launch the rocket was destroyed by range safety.
# Intelsat II

Intelsat II was a series of four communications satellites operated by Intelsat which were launched in 1966 and 1967. Built by the Hughes Aircraft Company, the Intelsat II series was a follow-up to the Intelsat I series, of which only one satellite was launched.
Intelsat II spacecraft were based on the HS-303A satellite bus, which was cylindrical in shape and spin-stabilised. The satellites had a diameter of 1.42 metres (4 ft 8 in), and were 0.67 metres (2 ft 2 in) long. They were equipped with an SVM-1 apogee motor to circularise their orbits following launch atop Delta E1 carrier rockets. All four satellites were launched from Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Kennedy Air Station. Each satellite had a mass at launch of 162 kilograms (357 lb), which decreased to around 86 kilograms (190 lb) once the satellite had fired its apogee motor and manoeuvred into its orbital position.
Intelsat II spacecraft were designed to be operated in geostationary orbit; however the first satellite's apogee motor malfunctioned leaving it in a lower than planned orbit. It was able to perform a limited communications mission, however the other three spacecraft successfully achieved geostationary orbit. Each satellite carried two transponders, powered by solar cells mounted on the body of the spacecraft, which generated 85 watts of power.

## Operations

Intelsat II F-1 provided a transpacific communications link for 240 telephone channels or two television channels. Provision was made for 180 hours of telecasting per year (an average of 30 minutes per day) via the satellite.
A 50-minute programme was relayed between Tokyo and Washington, D.C. via Intelsat II F-1 on 27 January 1967. It was the first newscast and the first colour programme to be telecast across the Pacific. Japan's Fuji Television used the satellite to present direct telecasts of the world featherweight boxing title match between Vicente Saldivar and Mitsunori Seki from Mexico City on 29 January. It was the first live transmission of a sport event across the Pacific. Stars and Stripes reported that the pictures were clear.

## Satellites

| Spacecraft | Nickname | COSPAR ID | SATCAT | Launch date | Longitudes | Remarks |
| Intelsat II F-1 | Blue Bird | 1966-096A | 2514 | 26 October 1966 UTC | n/a | Apogee motor failure, limited operations from transfer orbit |
| Intelsat II F-2 | Lani Bird | 1967-001A | 2639 | 11 January 1967 UTC | 174° East (1967-1969) | |
| Intelsat II F-3 | Canary Bird | 1967-026A | 2717 | 23 March 1967 UTC | 15° West (1967-1971) 35° West (1972) 15° West (1973) | |
| Intelsat II F-4 | Pacific-2 | 1967-094A | 2969 | 28 September 1967 UTC | 176° East (1967-1970) 166° West (1971) | |
# Phanogomphus exilis

Phanogomphus exilis, the lancet clubtail, is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae widespread and common throughout southern Manitoba, Ontario, and the northeastern United States.
The adults are approximately 4.3 cm (1.7 in) long. The males claspers are 'lancet' shaped, hence the common name. The body is black with green stripes on the thorax and green triangles on the abdomen. The last two abdominal segments have yellow patches on the outer edges.
Their flight period is from June to July.
The IUCN conservation status of Phanogomphus exilis is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018.