OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Morris Leiserson

William Morris Leiserson (1883–1957) was a labor relations scholar and mediator.
Leiserson was a professor, state and federal government administrator, mediator, arbitrator, and member of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "brain trust," which developed and wrote legislation such as the Railway Labor Act of 1934.

## Biography

Born in 1883, in Reval, Russia (modern-day Estonia) William Morris Leiserson emigrated to the United States at the age of seven with his mother and two brothers. As a student at the University of Wisconsin, he studied under Professor John R. Commons, whose life and work inspired Leiserson to pursue the fields of economics and labour relations. After graduation, he continued at Columbia University where he earned his Ph.D. under Henry Rogers Seager in 1911.
Leiserson then began a career as a research scholar, professor, and public administrator. Following his graduate studies, he returned to Wisconsin, where he led the establishment the State Employment Service. Returning to academia, he held professorships at the University of Toledo and Antioch College. His U.S. government service included being Chief of the Labor Administration Division of the United States Department of Labor, Secretary of the National Labor Board of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), and a member of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).
Leiserson's favorite government position was chairman of the National Mediation Board. This organization became the U.S. government's administrative arm for implementing the Railway Labor Act, which Leiserson was instrumental in writing for the U.S. Congress. The Act was later amended to include the airline industry.
Most of his government positions were appointments by Franklin D. Roosevelt. After leaving government service, he retired and returned to research and teaching at Johns Hopkins University. Leiserson died in 1957 at the age of 74. Leiserson was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by Oberlin College, on June 24, 1947.
# Baylè 1879 wallet / palm pistol

The Baylè Pistol was a 6 barrel pistol of French origin introduced in 1879. The barrels were stacked vertically and firing was actuated with a double-action trigger mechanism firing each round at a time.
# Chinatown, My Chinatown

"Chinatown, My Chinatown" is a popular song written by William Jerome (words) and Jean Schwartz (music) in 1906 and later interpolated into the musical Up and Down Broadway (1910). The song has been recorded by numerous artists and is considered an early jazz standard.

## Composition

Tin Pan Alley songwriters Jean Schwartz and William Jerome began their partnership in 1901, and collaborated successfully for more than a decade. They composed many popular songs together, including million-sellers "Mister Dooley" and "Bedelia". "Chinatown, My Chinatown" is considered their biggest hit, but it did not catch on when they wrote it in 1906, and the musical revue it was added to in 1910, Up and Down Broadway, was not especially successful. By the time "Chinatown, My Chinatown" became a national hit in 1915, the two were no longer collaborating.
The melody of the song uses pentatonicism, while the harmonies employ many parallel fourths and fifths, a common exoticist technique of the time based on Western stereotypes of Chinese and other East Asian musics. Through these musical techniques as well as racist lyrics, the song participates in the history of Orientalism.
The original tempo of the song was slow; later it was adapted to a fox-trot tempo, reflecting the popularity of the dance. Still later, jazz musicians played the song at a "hot jazz" tempo.

## Recording history

"Chinatown, My Chinatown" has been recorded by numerous artists. Several recordings in late 1914 presaged its popularity in 1915 when the American Quartet with Billy Murray had a number one record on Victor, and Grace Kerns and John Barnes Wells also had a popular recording on Columbia. The same year, Columbia also released a version by Prince's Orchestra, in a one-step medley with Alabama Jubilee and Sam Ash recorded an abbreviated version of it for the Columbia-affiliated, bargain-priced Little Wonder Records.
At least 25 jazz recordings of the song were done between 1928 and 1942; seven were recorded in 1935 alone. Fletcher Henderson, Louis Armstrong, Louis Prima, and Lionel Hampton were among the many jazz artists who recorded this song in the 1930s. Its recording history is one of the elements that qualifies it as an early jazz standard.
Subsequently, the accordionist John Serry Sr. also recorded an easy listening arrangement of the song for RCA Thesaurus in 1954.
# William Krawczewicz

William J. "Dollar Bill" Krawczewicz (born 1967) is an American illustrator and medalist.

## Biography

Krawczewicz was born in 1967, in Severna Park, Maryland. He graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park, and worked at the United States Mint. He later worked for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) as a coin and banknote designer. As of 2007, he is one of three banknote designers working for the BEP.
He was the designer of the obverse of the 1993 Bill of Rights commemorative silver dollar. He was also the designer of the 2000 Maryland quarter, which was minted over 1.2 billion times. In 2017, some Maryland quarters were flown into space.
Krawczewicz is also a charcoal llustrator. He donated some of his works to the Maryland State Archives.
# William Chirchir

William Chirchir (born 6 February 1979, in Bomet) is a Kenyan runner who specializes in the 1500 metres. He is a former holder of the world junior record over the distance with 3:33.24 minutes from 1998.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Kenya ||||||
| 1998 | World Junior Championships | Annecy, France | 1st | 800 m | 1:47.23 |
| 1999 | Grand Prix Final | Munich, Germany | 5th | 800 m | 1:44.75 |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 4th | 1500 m | 3:31.91 |
| 2001 | Grand Prix Final | Melbourne, Australia | 3rd | 1500 m | 3:34.06 |
| 2002 | Commonwealth Games | Manchester, United Kingdom | 2nd | 1500 m | 3:37.70 |
| 2002 | Grand Prix Final | Paris, France | 9th | 1500 m | 3:39.11 |

### Personal bests

* 800 metres - 1:43.33 min (1999)
* 1500 metres - 3:29.29 min (2001)
* One mile - 3:47.94 min (2000)
* 3000 metres - 7:55.78 min (1998)
# Chikkin

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#REDIRECT Chicken as food
# The English Boy at the Cape: An Anglo-African Story

The English Boy at the Cape: An Anglo-African Story is a children's novel by Edward Augustus Kendall, first published in 1835. After writing a number of stories for children, Kendall toured America, worked in Canada, visited the West Indies, British India and the Cape Colony. On his return to England, he became a campaigner for the rights of the poor, and especially of children.
The English Boy at the Cape: An Anglo-African Story was one of the first novels to be set in South Africa. At the time, children's rights in the Cape were a subject of scandal with Britain exporting thousands of unwanted children as child labour to its colonies. In the 1830s some were sent to the Cape by the Children's Friend Society. Some of these teenagers were not only literate but determined enough to pay postage out of their meagre wages to write letters home detailing the conditions under which they were kept. While some had no complaint, others reported that they were treated badly. Their families, in turn, passed the letters on to the newspapers, where they were published. They created such a storm that the Colonial Secretary ordered an investigation, as a result of which no more children were sent to South Africa, while Canada and Australia continued to receive them right up to the middle of the twentieth century.
In The English Boy at the Cape: An Anglo-African Story, Kendall makes a graphic plea for religious and racial tolerance. A little English boy, Charles, becomes a street child in Cape Town. He is taken in by a Muslim family, who teach him cleanliness, godliness, schooling and industry. A shocking episode occurs when a gang of drunken British midshipmen break up a Muslim festival, accusing the participants of devil-worship. Even Charles is injured in the brawl. People of all colours, except the English and Dutch, tend the injured, and Charles is cared for by "the Jew Benjamin". At other points in the long story, he is also cared for by various indigenous people.

## Publication details

The English Boy at the Cape: An Anglo-African Story, 3 volumes, London, Whittaker, 1835.
* Children's literature portal
# Chinnery

Chinnery is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Broderick Chinnery (1742–1808), Irish politician and baronet
* Dennis Chinnery (1927–2012), British actor
* Derek Chinnery (1925–2015), controller of BBC Radio 1
* Doug Chinnery (b. 1964), landscape photographer
* Ernest Chinnery (1887–1972), Australian anthropologist
* Esmé Chinnery (1886–1915), English soldier and aviator
* George Chinnery (1774–1852), English painter
* George Chinnery (bishop) (d.1780), Anglican bishop in Ireland
* Harry Chinnery (1876–1916), English cricketer
* Patrick Chinnery (born 1968), professor of neurogenetics at the University of Cambridge
* Sarah Chinnery (1887–1970), British-Australian photographer
* Tony Chinnery, builder of historical keyboard instruments
# Chilotan architecture

Chilotan architecture is a unique architectural style that is mainly restricted to the Chiloé Archipelago, and neighboring areas of southern Chile. This style shows the blending of European styles with indigenous building methods and material. Catholic churches built here show the most significant representation of this style, with 16 being designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

## History

The Chiloé Archipelago, a group of islands off the West coast of Chile, has a unique colonial architecture that differs substantially from typical Chilean Spanish colonial architecture. These differences are due to both the physical isolation of these islands and their access to different materials, mostly wood.
Spanish colonists arrived in the 16th century and were followed by Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century. The combination of indigenous culture and Jesuit influences lead to a mestizo culture and a unique architecture.

### Spanish Colonial Churches

The activities of the Jesuits resulted in the building of 150+ wooden Catholic churches and other religious buildings as a part of the Indian Reductions mandated by the Crown for Spanish colonization of the Americas, 60 of which remain today.
Typical elements of Catholic churches, basilica layout, vaulted ceilings, symmetrical tower facades, and arched entrances, are presented in these churches but without the recognizable material stone. Instead, locals built these churches entirely out of wood, using ship-building techniques. Even fasteners and other typically metal connections were made with wood. These churches were mostly placed along the coastline to serve as navigational aids for sailors.

### Houses and other buildings

Wood is the main building material in all Chilotan architecture and many different species are used for different reasons. Cypress, mañio, ulmo, plum, coigue, and larch, or fitzroya wood are the most commonly used. Ulmo wood is primarily used for structural elements and fitzroya was often used for shingles due to its good properties to resist moisture and other environmental factors. Used in both churches and houses, it became a very recognizable material for its rich color. The roof shingles of fitzroya came to be used as money and called Real de Alerce.
Palafitos, or stilt houses are a staple in Chiloe. These houses typically consist of a base of stilts or piles, with a gable roof and a central kitchen to help heat the entire home. The reason for these houses being built into the water was to accommodate fishing, a large part of Chilotan culture. This style is observed in other parts of the world, however, the longevity of these houses is notably higher in Chiloe, primarily due to the properties of the wood available in the area.
# The Geography of Nowhere

The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape is a book written in 1993 by James Howard Kunstler exploring the effects of suburban sprawl, civil planning, and the automobile on American society and is an attempt to discover how and why suburbia has ceased to be a credible human habitat, and what society might do about it. Kunstler proposes that by reviving civic art and civic life, we will rediscover public virtue and a new vision of the common good: "The future will require us to build better places," Kunstler says, "or the future will belong to other people in other societies."
# William Simons (priest)

Rev. William Charles Simons (19 November 1844 – 7 January 1921) was an English Anglican priest who served as Dean of Brechin from 1913 until 1917.
The third son of The Rev. John Simons, sometime Vicar of Dymock, Gloucestershire, he was educated at the University of Oxford and ordained in 1868. After a curacy at Kirby Underdale he was Priest in charge at Knowle, Bristol. He was Rector of All Souls, Invergowrie from 1883; and Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Brechin from 1906.
# Battle of Štip

The Battle of Štip was a clash between the forces of the Habsburg Monarchy and Ottomans during the Austrian counteroffensive of the Great Turkish War on November 10, 1689. The battle ended in victory for the Austrians, the Ottomans suffered heavy losses of about 2,000 dead, and were forced to retreat.

## Background

After setting Skopje on fire, the Austrians continued to make breakthroughs deep into Macedonia, whose task was to observe the area in order to prevent and disrupt the concentration of enemy forces. One such breakthrough was made by Prince Johann George von Holstein, who took command of Enea Silvio Piccolomini's troops after he died of cholera.

## Battle

Learning that the Turkish army had concentrated in Štip, he decided to smash it and drive it out of the city with a swift attack. Leaving their camp near the Kumanovo village of Orizari, Johan Georg von Holstein's Austrian troops arrived in Štip at dawn on November 10, 1689. This was the fiercest and largest clash between the Austrian and Ottoman armies on Macedonian territory. The battle ended in a convincing victory for the Habsburg monarchy.
The Ottomans were completely smashed. Leaving behind some 2,000 dead, they were forced to retreat. The Austrians set the city on fire and returned to Kosovo, carrying a substantial cargo of several thousand barrels of goods. Returning, they smashed another Turkish reconnaissance unit of 300 men.

## Aftermath

After two years, in 1691, the city was reconquered by the Ottomans. The city suffered severe damage. Due to the destruction, Štip could not recover until the 19th century.
# Weidinger

Weidinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andreas Weidinger (born 1970), German composer, producer, conductor, and arranger for film, television and records
* Anton Weidinger (1766–1852), Austrian trumpeter
* Christine Weidinger (born 1946), American operatic soprano
* Otto Weidinger (1914–1990), SS commander in Nazi Germany
* Morgan Weidinger (born 1998), American artist
# The Fields (album)

The Fields is the third album by the American jazz saxophonist Glenn Spearman Double Trio, recorded in 1994 and released on the Italian Black Saint label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
The Penguin Guide to Jazz notes that "[t]he supporting cast is strong and supportive, though very often the band seem to be playing set charts while the two horns duel in the foreground."

## Track listing

All compositions by Spearman except where noted
* "Melts" (Ochs) – 15:11
* "Fields Before the Ram" – 12:39
* "Hot" – 3:39
* "Stepping Out" – 9:39
* "Extrapolation of the Inevitable" – 8:59
* "Just There" (Ochs) – 5:13
* "Sound Section" – 21:11

## Personnel

* Glenn Spearman – tenor sax
* Larry Ochs – tenor sax, sopranino sax
* William Winant – drums, tympani
* Donald Robinson – drums
* Chris Brown – piano
* Lisle Ellis – double bass
# William F. Kerby

William F. Kerby (July 28, 1908 – 1989) was chairman and CEO of Dow Jones & Co. and publisher of The Wall Street Journal from 1966 to 1975.
Kerby was responsible for building The Wall Street Journal into the second largest national newspaper in the United States with a circulation in excess of 2 million. He championed the company's diversification from a one-newspaper journal into a worldwide publishing entity.
Kerby born in Washington, D.C., and was a graduate of the University of Michigan. He was awarded honorary degrees from DePauw University and Moravian College.
Kerby was selected as one of the "Great American Business Leaders" of the 20th Century by Harvard Business School.
# China–Montenegro relations

China–Montenegro relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and Montenegro. People's Republic of China has officially recognized Montenegro on June 14, 2006. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on July 7, 2006. China transformed its consulate into an embassy in Podgorica on July 7, 2006. The Montenegrin embassy in China opened in Beijing on November 13, 2007.

## Economic relations

In 2012, total trade between the two countries amounted 134,406,987 euros, of which imports from Montenegro were 130,605,327 euros, and exports to China were 3,801,660 euros. Direct investment from China to Montenegro amounted to 440,000 euros. China has several projects of investments in the field of construction of highways, power plants and other infrastructures.
In 2018, it was reported that a Chinese loan for the first phase of a highway designed to link the Port of Bar on Montenegro's Adriatic coast to landlocked neighbor Serbia sent Montenegro's debt soaring and forced the government to raise taxes, partially freeze public sector wages and end a benefit for mothers.
Despite those measures, Montenegro's debt was expected to approach 80 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018 and the International Monetary Fund said the country could not afford to take on any more debt.
As of 2021, China holds a quarter of Montenegro's debt.
In 2021, it was reported that the first 41 km section of the Bar-Boljare motorway cost €20m per km, making it one of the most expensive highways per km in the world. If Montenegro were to default, the terms of the contract give China the right to access Montenegrin land as collateral.
# The Fuzz (band)

The Fuzz was an American female vocal trio from Washington, D.C. They started out in 1970 as The Passionettes, but changed their name when they signed to Calla Records in 1971. Their self-titled debut, which came out that year, was significant in that it was one of the first "concept" albums by a female artist and interspersed monologues (then referred to as "raps") and musical selections, built around a theme comparing love to the four seasons. Further, most of the songs were written by a group member (Shelia Young). The group had a great influence on the style Love Unlimited would later popularize under the tutelage of Barry White. The single "I Love You for All Seasons" went Top 10 on the US Billboard R&B chart and peaked at #21 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The follow-up single, "Like an Open Door", hit #14 on the R&B chart, and after releasing two more singles with little or no success, they disbanded in 1972. The group reunited in the 1990s and performed at the Art Leboe Concert Hall in California with a new member on September 11, 2010, more than two years after the death of Barbara Gilliam, and with Val Williams and two new members at The WAVE's Love Affair Concert at Honda Center, Anaheim, California on February 11, 2017.

## Members

* Sheila Young (born 16th August 1951)
* Val Williams (born 26th March 1951)
* Barbara Gilliam (born 16th August 1952 Washington D.C, USA, died August 4, 2008, Alexandria, Virginia)
* Danielle Angelique Mims

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album | US Pop | US R&B | Record label |
| 1971 | The Fuzz | 196 | 43 | Calla Records |

### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Record Label | B-side | Album |
| Year | Title | US Pop | US R&B | AUS | Record Label | B-side | Album |
| 1970 | "Sister Watch Yourself" (as The Passionettes) | — | — | — | Uni Records | "Stand by Your Man" | |
| 1970 | "I Love You for All Seasons" | 21 | 10 | 100 | Calla Records | "I Love You for All Seasons" (Instrumental) | The Fuzz |
| 1971 | "Like an Open Door" | 77 | 14 | — | Calla Records | "Leave It All Behind Me" | The Fuzz |
| 1971 | "I'm So Glad" | 95 | 35 | — | Calla Records | "All About Love" | The Fuzz |
| 1972 | "Mr. Heartaches and Miss Tears" | — | — | — | Calla Records | "Do Just What You Can" | |
# William Papwell Brigstocke

William Papwell Brigstocke (1788 – January 1834) was a British politician.
Brigstocke lived in Combe Hay. He stood as a Whig in the 1832 UK general election in East Somerset, winning a seat. He supported electoral reform, and the immediate abolition of slavery. He died in January 1834, while still in office.
Brigstocke's eldest daughter was Georgina Anne Dalrymple, who became an author.
# Welcome Home (1935 film)

Welcome Home is a 1935 American comedy film directed by James Tinling and starring James Dunn, Arline Judge, Raymond Walburn, Rosina Lawrence, William Frawley and Charles Sellon. Written by Marion Orth and Paul Gerard Smith, the film was released on August 9, 1935, by 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation.

## Plot

Elmdale's chamber of commerce is all but broke. A decision is made to spend what remains of the budget on a reunion that hopefully will entice one of America's wealthiest men, Andrew Anstruther, to return to the place of his birth and build a new factory there.
Con men get wind of it. Richard "Dickie" Foster is the brains of a quartet of con-artists that includes 'Giltedge', a fake bond salesman; 'Painless', a gold-tooth-stealing phoney dentist; and 'Gorgeous', Dickies girlfriend. They have already taken the town for $10,000 in bogus bonds.
Anstruther takes a liking to Dickie, but Giltedge swindles the millionaire out of $36,000 for worthless bonds. Dickie bets on a horse for Susan's sake to win the money back, but the horse loses. The crooks are charged with murder after Anstruther vanishes, but he turns up just in time to vouch for Dickie as a friend. After he learns Susan has a boyfriend, Dickie goes back to the arms of Gorgeous, who tells him, "Welcome home."

## Cast

* James Dunn as Richard Foster
* Arline Judge as Gorgeous
* Raymond Walburn as Giltedge
* Rosina Lawrence as Susan Adams
* William Frawley as Painless
* Charles Sellon as Andrew Anstruther
* Charles Ray as Andrew Carr
* Frank Melton as Willis Parker
* George Meeker as Edward Adams
* James Burke as Michael Shaughnessy
* Arthur Hoyt as Titwillow
* Dave O'Brien as Stanley Phillips
* Spencer Charters as Constable Mulhausen
* Harry Holman as Flink
* Sarah Edwards as Mrs. Edwards
* Mamie Stark As Pianist
* Florence Gill As Singer
* George Chandler as Barber
# William Nichols (English priest)

William Nichols was a seventeenth-century English priest.
Mawdesley was born in London and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a Fellow of Caius from 1592 to 1600. He was Rector of Cheadle from 1624 to 1644; and was appointed Dean of Chester in 1644. He died on 16 December 1657.
# Paul's Wharf

Paul's Wharf is a waterside hythe in the City of London historically located between Upper Thames Street and the River Thames. Originally part of Castle Baynard ward, Paul's Wharf is now located in Queenhithe. It constitutes the northern river bank underneath the Millennium Bridge.
# Sonora mosaueri

Sonora mosaueri, Mosauer's ground snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
The snake is found in Mexico.