OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schaum

Schaum may refer to:
* Hermann Rudolph Schaum (1819–65), German entomologist
* John W. Schaum (1905–88), American pianist, composer and tutor
* Schaum (manufacturer), defunct automobile manufacturer
* Schaum's Outlines, teaching text supplement
# Schaumann body

In pathology, Schaumann bodies are calcium and protein inclusions inside of Langhans giant cells as part of a granuloma.
Many conditions can cause Schaumann bodies, including:
* Sarcoidosis,
* Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and
* Berylliosis.
* uncommonly, Crohn's disease and tuberculosis.

## Etymology

These inclusions were named after Swedish dermatologist Jörgen Nilsen Schaumann.
# Werner van den Valckert

Werner van den Valckert (ca. 1585 - after 1635) was a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver.

## Biography

Though he was born in Amsterdam, he became a member of the Guild of St. Luke in the Hague between 1600 - 1605. By 1614 he had moved to Amsterdam, because his daughter was baptized there. His earliest dated etchings are from 1612. His surviving paintings are historical allegories and portraits. He also made a prestigious schuttersstuk, which features the Amsterdam burgermeester Albert Burgh.
According to Houbraken, he was a student of Hendrik Goltzius. He painted a series of 4 paintings showing a doctor as angel, Christ, a man, and the devil; these were all based on engravings by Goltzius. These paintings are now in the possession of the Boerhaave Museum, which has other similar series on display. He also made a series of 4 paintings about relief for the poor, now in the possession of the Amsterdam Historical Museum.
According to the RKD, his pupil was Andries Jeremias.
# Nashville Township, Martin County, Minnesota

Nashville Township is a township in Martin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 234 at the 2000 census.

## History

Nashville Township was organized in 1864, and named for A. M. Nash, an early settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.5 square miles (94.4 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 234 people, 94 households, and 75 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.4 people per square mile (2.5 people/km$^2$). There were 100 housing units at an average density of 2.7 per square mile (1.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.72% White, 0.43% Native American, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.
There were 94 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.5% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $39,750, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $24,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $25,088. About 2.4% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# Schlettenbach

The Schlettenbach is a river of Saxony, Germany. It flows into the Red Pockau near Rittersberg.
# Welsh Brigade

The Welsh Brigade was an administrative formation of the British Army from 1948 to 1964. The Brigade administered the regular Welsh infantry regiments.
After the Second World War the British Army had fourteen infantry depots, each bearing a letter. The depots were territorially organised, and Infantry Depot L at Brecon was the headquarters for the county regiments of Wales and Monmouthshire.
In 1948, the depots adopted names and this depot became the Welsh Brigade, with all regiments being reduced to a single battalion at the same time. The Welsh Brigade was formed on 14 July 1948 combining the depots of three regiments:
* The Royal Welch Fusiliers
* The South Wales Borderers
* The Welch Regiment
From 1958 all regiments in the Brigade adopted a common cap badge, depicting the plumes and motto of the Prince of Wales. From 1960 the Welsh Brigade was based at Cwrt y Gollen.
On 1 July 1968 the Welsh Brigade was united with the Wessex Brigade and Mercian Brigade, to form the Prince of Wales' Division.
# Cesante

Cesante is an album from the Chilean musical group Duo Quelentaro. It was released in 1972 on the EMI Odeón Chile label (catalog no. LDC 36789). It was the first album after Quelentaro's transition from a multiperson musical group originally known as Conjunto Quelentaro to a two-person duo known as Duo Quelentaro.

## Track listing

Side A
* "Cesante" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
* "De la Infancia" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
Side B
* "Jazminero Me Voy" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
* "Rosendo Villegas Velarde" (Gastón Suárez)
* "Del Cerezo" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
* "Del Hachero" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
* "Del Huerto" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
* "Pequeña Muerte" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
* "Remembranza" (Gastón and Eduardo Guzmán)
# Cesaperua

Cesaperua is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Cesaperua articulata (Wulp, 1892)
* Cesaperua xanthomelanodes (Townsend, 1934)
# West Moor SSSI

West Moor (grid reference ST420220) is a 213.0 hectare (526.3 acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the River Parrett in Somerset, notified in 1985.
West Moor lies south of Curry Rivel, Langport, and Drayton, and northwest of Kingsbury Episcopi and is part of the extensive grazing marsh grasslands and ditch systems of the Somerset Levels and moors. The site contains some of the most diverse aquatic plant communities in the country. Rhynes often have a rich aquatic flora Frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae). A rich invertebrate fauna, with many nationally and locally rare species is associated with the botanical diversity of the ditches.
# Ceriomydas

Ceriomydas is a genus of flies in the family Mydidae.

## Species

* Ceriomydas darlingtoni Papavero & Wilcox, 1974
* Ceriomydas fraudulentus (Williston, 1898)
* Ceriomydas fraudulentus Williston, 1898
* Ceriomydas vespoides Papavero & Wilcox, 1974
# Cerio (disambiguation)

Cerio can refer to:
* Cerio, a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain
* Cerio (surname), list of people with the name
# Ceriodaphnia

Ceriodaphnia is a genus of the Daphniidae; the genus was described in 1853 by James Dwight Dana. It has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Ceriodaphnia dubia (Richard, 1894)
* Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O.F. Müller, 1785)
* Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine, 1820)
# Schwarzer Berg (Spessart)

Schwarzer Berg is a wooded hill located in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis of Hesse, Germany. It is part of the Mittelgebirge Spessart and lies between Bad Orb and Jossgrund.
* This Hesse location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Schwarzer Berg

Schwarzer Berg may refer to:
* Schwarzer Berg (Jauernick), a mountain of Saxony, Germany
* Schwarzer Berg (Spessart), a hill of Hesse, Germany
# Schwarzenholz

Schwarzenholz is the second largest district of the municipality of Saarwellingen in Saarland, Germany.

## History

From the Middle Ages Schwarzenholz was owned by Fraulautern Abbey, which had been granted Imperial immediacy because its possessions in Schwarzenholz after a trial in the highest Imperial court, the Reichskammergericht.
The most famous daughter of the village is Katharine Weißgerber, called Schultze Kathrin, the Good Samaritan of the Battle of Spichern in early August 1870.

## Etymology

The last part of the word -olc or -holc denotes a fenced gentleman while the first part names the owner from the time of the first settlement: Suarto. Suarcenholc was therefore the enclosed master of the Suartos.
In various documents (gift and purchase certificates of the abbey Fraulautern ) from the period 1235-1279 is the name: Suarcenholf, Suarcenoth, Swarcenholc, Suarzenhoch, Suarzenholch.

## Geography

Schwarzenholz has a healthy village structure and is an attractive residential area surrounded by forests, and has direct motorway access to the A 8, so that the larger cities in the area (Saarbrücken, Neunkirchen, Saarlouis, Dillingen, Merzig, Völklingen) and the neighbouring countries France and Luxembourg are all reachable in 30 minutes or less.
Two general practitioners, a dentist, two banks, two grocery stores, two hairdressing salons, a bakery, a butchery, eight catering establishments, two driving schools, two florists, a stationery shop with post office, a car repair shop, a travel agency, a carpentry, an interior decorator and many other companies can be found in town. Next to the kindergarten is the school building of the former elementary school, which closed its doors in 2008; since then, the children of Schwarzenholz have to take the bus to Reisbach, where the Astrid Lindgren Elementary School is located. The place has a multi-purpose hall, named after Schultze Kathrin, another sports hall and an artificial turf pitch, on which the football team FV 1929 Schwarzenholz e. V. play their matches.
Other sports clubs are the gymnastics club, the table tennis club and the cycling club Spanische Bergziege ("Spanish mountain goats"). Cultural associations include the Musikverein Harmonie and the men's choral society "Deutsche Eintracht".
The parish church of St. Bartholomew in the Bartholomäusstrasse is a protected monument and was built in 1914-1915 by Ludwig Becker and Anton Falkowski.

## Politics

The mayor of Schwarzenholz has been Josef Werth (SPD) since the last local election, whose party holds six of the eleven seats in the local council and thus the absolute majority of the seats; his deputy is Rudi Schmitt (SPD). The CDU won three seats in the local elections in 2009; the FWG and the left have one each.

## Parish Church

St. Bartholomew is the name of a parish and parish and the associated parish church in Saarwellingen district Schwarzenholz. The Parish and church belong to the Diocese of Trier and, the church is heritage listed as a single monument.
# Schwarzer

Schwarzer may refer to:
* Trollinger, a German/Italian wine grape variety
* St. Laurent (grape), a red wine grape variety

## Persons with the surname

* Alice Schwarzer (born 1942), German feminist
* Christian Schwarzer (born 1962), German handballer
* Johann Schwarzer (1880–1914), Austrian photographer and film producer
* Mark Schwarzer (born 1972), Australian footballer
* Mitchell Schwarzer, American architectural historian
* William Schwarzer (1925–2017), American judge
* Zbigniew Schwarzer, Polish rower
# Schönwalde

Schönwalde may refer to the following places in Germany:
* Schönwalde, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a municipality in the district Uecker-Randow, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Schönwalde, Saxony-Anhalt, a municipality in the district of Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt
* Schönwalde am Bungsberg, a municipality in the district Ostholstein, Schleswig-Holstein
* Schönwalde-Glien, a municipality in the district Havelland, Brandenburg
* Schönwalde, a village part of the municipality of Wandlitz in the district of Barnim, Brandenburg
# Schönwalde, Saxony-Anhalt

Schönwalde is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 31 May 2010, it is part of the town Tangerhütte.
# Ceromitia turpisella

Ceromitia turpisella, the dusted longhorn, is a species of moth of the family Adelidae. It is known from South Africa and Zimbabwe. It is found in a wide range of habitats and is common in semi-arid areas.
# Ceromitia vansoni

Ceromitia vansoni is a species of moth of the family Adelidae. It is known from South Africa.
# Nathaniel Alexander

Nathaniel Alexander may refer to:
* Nathaniel Alexander (governor) (1756–1808), governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina, 1805–1807
* Nathaniel Alexander (bishop) (1760–1840), Anglican bishop in Ireland
* Nathaniel Alexander (MP) (1815–1853), Irish politician
* Nathaniel Alexander, inventor of the folding chair equipped with a book rest
# Cevizlibağ (Metrobus)

Cevizlibağ is a station on the Istanbul Metrobus Bus rapid transit line. It is located between the D.100 state highway in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul. The station is served by six of the seven metrobus routes and a terminus for two of them; 34A and 34C. Connection to the T1 tram line is available.
Cevizlibağ station was opened on 17 September 2007, as part of the original 16 stations of the Istanbul Metrobus system.
# Sciaenuropsis

Sciaenuropsis is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish.
# School of Tuam

The School of Tuam was founded by Jarlath. During the eleventh century, it rivaled Clonmacnoise as the centre of Celtic art.
It was founded when Brendan told Jarlath to go eastward from Cluainfois (now Cloonfush) and where his wheel of his chariot should break on the journey "there you shall build your oratory, for God will that there shall be the place of your resurrection, and many shall arise in glory in the same place along with you". Soon after Jarlath departed Cluainfois, his chariot broke down on the site of the present Protestant, formally Catholic, cathedral in Tuam where he built his church and monastic school.
After the death of Jarlath there is little in the national annals about the School of Tuam. There is reference in the "Four Masters", under date 776, to the death of an Abbot of Tuam, Nuada O'Bolcan. Under the same date in the "Annals of Ulster", there is reference to the death of Ferdomnach of Tuaim da Ghualann. At the year 969 is set down the death of Eoghan O Cleirigh, Bishop of Connacht, but more distinct reference to a Tuam prelate, is found in 1085, when the death of Aedh O Hoisin is recorded. The "Four Masters" call him Comarb of Jarlath and High Bishop of Tuam.
# School of Toronto Dance Theatre

The School of Toronto Dance Theatre is a dance school located in the Cabbagetown neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1968, the School today runs under the Artistic Direction of Sasha Ivanochko and is a national leader for performing arts education, at the forefront of training in contemporary dance.

## History

The School was established in 1968 by the founders of Toronto Dance Theatre: Patricia Beatty, David Earle, and Peter Randazzo, disciples of Martha Graham. In January 1978, after a decade of growth, the School incorporated separately from the company. In 1979 the Professional Training Program was established by David Earle, and together the company and School moved into the studios and offices of their current home in Cabbagetown. Today the School maintains its affiliation with Toronto Dance Theatre, currently under the artistic direction of Christopher House.

## Programs offered

The School of Toronto Dance Theatre comprises four divisions:

### Professional Training Program (PTP)

The School offers a full-time, three-year program in contemporary dance. The professional program is a post-secondary course of study aimed at training aspiring dancers in the skills and experience to succeed in a theatrical dance career. This program is uniquely linked to the York University dance department, giving students the opportunity to apply for admission to the York Bachelor of Fine Arts (Hons) Dance program.

### Summer School in Contemporary Dance

The Summer School is an intensive 2-week program of classes in contemporary dance designed for professionals, pre-professionals, and students with a strong background in dance.

### Young Dancers' Program (YDP)

A non-competitive program designed to introduce children and young people (up to the age of 17) to creative movement and contemporary dance.

### Contemporary Dance Classes

The School also runs an adult recreational program of contemporary dance classes, offered for different experience levels, held on Tuesday evenings.

## Faculty and affiliations

The School's artistic director is Sasha Ivanochko, and the faculty are all practising artists.
The School is affiliated with Toronto Dance Theatre, whose artistic director is Christopher House, and many graduates of the school have become members of that company.
A number of graduates of the School have gone on to join major Canadian and international companies, whilst others have initiated their own dance collectives, festivals and schools.
The School is also affiliated with York University, in Toronto, and graduates may apply credits from their courses at the school towards a BFA in dance.

## Notable alumni

* Emily St. John Mandel studied contemporary dance at STDT from the age of 18.
# School of Violin Making, Newark

The School of Violin Making, Newark is housed in a Grade II listed building on Kirkgate, Newark on Trent which was built for the Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank in 1887.

## History

The Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank first established a branch in Newark in 1835 branch but this was replaced by a new building designed by the architect Watson Fothergill and erected between 1886 and 1887. It is in early Italian Gothic style and incorporates a manager's house. In 1891 the bank suffered an embarrassment when it was revealed that the manager of the Newark branch, Robert James Beard, had defrauded the bank of £25,000 (equivalent to £3,448,700 in 2023) before drowning himself in the River Trent. The bank covered the loss from its reserves.
It became the London, County, Westminster & Parr's Bank in 1919. The tower was reduced in height in 1957.

## School of Violin Making

Around 1972 the building was surplus to requirements and was converted for the use of the School of Violin Making. This is now part of Lincoln College, Lincolnshire.
# West Lorne Baptist Church

West Lorne Baptist Church is a Baptist church in West Lorne, Ontario, Canada.

## History

In 1876 the Baptists met in West Lorne at first in Trigger Hall. The Hall was devoured by fire, and the church moved to Bainard Hall as the next "sanctuary" until the "First" Baptist church was built. It was dedicated on February 24, 1878. A Sunday School began in 1880.

## Building history
### Original building

In 1877, Jim McCall was contracted to build the church hall. Edward Evans handcrafted the pews and pulpit. In 1908 an addition was made to the back of the building to accommodate Bible Class.
In 1921, a house was purchased and moved onto the lot north of the church building. Reconstruction finished in late 1921 or early 1922. Rev. R. J. McLaren was the first minister to live in it.
On July 31, 1921, a new baptistery was built. Norman Thompson and Mrs. Gammon were among the first to be baptized in it.
On April 21, 1946, at 3am, Mrs. Humphries awakened to discover the church on fire. Pastor Rev. J.F. Ward and the fire department were contacted. When congregants gathered at 7am for the Easter Sunrise service, they discovered the smoldering building. Arson was suspected.

### Second building

Following the fire, Isaac Lambert drew up plans for a new building on Graham St. Frank Haviland donated the steel for the construction. On April 20, 1947, Rev. J. Frank Ward with Rev. D. A. Burns conducted the Re-Opening services both morning and evening.
# Nathaniel Crouch

Nathaniel Crouch (born c. 1632) was an English printer and bookseller, and under the pseudonym Robert or Richard Burton (sometimes, R.B.) wrote historical books as well. As a historian, he is considered a hack, borrowing material from other books and rewriting them under his pseudonym, then publishing and marketing them under the Crouch imprint. Though he was the type of writer/publisher denounced in the following century by writers such as Samuel Butler (Prose Observations) and Alexander Pope (The Dunciad), more recent assessments of his life and career see him as an important figure in the development of historiography, especially in the popularization of a hitherto high-culture genre of discourse.
Crouch was one of the authors who covered the 1655 Whitehall Conference to consider the resettlement of the Jews in England (the other being Henry Jessey). The report is found in the 1719 edition of his Two Journeys to Jerusalem. It is different from Jessey's version in two respects: firstly it actually names the participants and secondly it includes some anti-Semitic additions to the conclusions of the conference.
Around September 30, 1681, an unlikely forerunner of Reader's Digest, called Historical Rarities in London and Westminster was first published by Crouch. Robert Chambers' Book of Days (1864) elaborated:
"With probably little education, but something of a natural gift for writing, Crouch had the sagacity to see that the works of the learned, from their form and price, were kept within a narrow circle of readers, while there was a vast multitude outside who were able and willing to read, provided that a literature suited to their means and capacities was supplied to them. He accordingly set himself the task of transfusing large and pompous books into a series of small, cheap volumes, modestly concealing his authorship under his nom de plume. Thus, he produced Surprising Miracles of Nature and Art, and many other treatises on very plain paper, and sold [them] at an exceedingly reasonable rate. His enterprise and diligence were rewarded by large sales and considerable wealth."
# Schöllnach

Schöllnach is a municipality in the district of Deggendorf in Bavaria in Germany.
# Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine

The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine is a discontinued peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Commission for Scientific Medicine and Mental Health. It was established by Wallace Sampson (Stanford University) and Paul Kurtz (Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal) and claimed to be "the only peer-reviewed journal devoted exclusively to objectively analyzing the claims of 'alternative medicine.'"
The journal's website stated:
   The purpose of the Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine is to apply the best tools of science and reason to determine whether hypotheses are valid and treatments are effective. It will reject no claims because it fits, or fails to fit, some paradigm. It will simply seek justified answers to two questions: "Is it true?" and "Does this treatment work?"
A statement "In Defence of Scientific Medicine," welcoming the founding of the journal, was signed by a long list of notable individuals, including five Nobel laureates. The statement expressed skepticism towards alternative medicine and the need for "objective, scientific critiques" of the field.
The journal was evaluated at least three times by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) for indexing in MEDLINE, but rejected each time. In an editorial published on the journal's site, Sampson says that NLM director Donald Lindberg revealed that the first review of the journal had been performed by fourteen individuals or organizations who support alternative medicine. Sampson contends that, because the journal critically examines alternative medicine, such a panel of reviewers would not be able to objectively consider the journal. According to Sampson, the only information he received regarding the third review was that it was conducted by National Institutes of Health independent reviewers. Sampson states, "This was not what we had in mind when requesting outside review, as there was no assurance that the reviewers were either objective or authorities in pseudoscience."