OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Panfuturism

Panfuturism (also known as Kverofuturism) is a Ukrainian avant-garde art movement developed by Mykhaylo Semenko, a Ukrainian poet.

## Overview
### History

Panfuturism originated in Ukraine. Mykhaylo Semenko developed it in 1914.

### Principles

Semenko outlined the following principles of Panfuturism in an essay, "What Panfuturism wants":
* Panfuturism "wants to be a scientific system which is attained by its being a system universal and synthetic."
* The goal of Panfuturism is to "abolish all 'isms' which is attained by neutralizing them...by regarding every single case as a private problem of the polyproblematic organism of art."
* Panfuturism is a "proletarian system of art."
* Panfuturism is an "organizational art."
* Panfuturism "is the whole art."
* Panfuturism "is at once Futurism, Cubism, Expressionism and Dadaism."
# Spiromoelleria

Spiromoelleria is a genus of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Colloniidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Spiromoelleria include:
* Spiromoelleria kachemakensis Baxter & McLean, 1984
* Spiromoelleria quadrae (Dall, 1897)
# Pair potential

In physics, a pair potential is a function that describes the potential energy of two interacting objects solely as a function of the distance between them.
Some interactions, like Coulomb's law in electrodynamics or Newton's law of universal gravitation in mechanics naturally have this form for simple spherical objects. For other types of more complex interactions or objects it is useful and common to approximate the interaction by a pair potential, for example interatomic potentials in physics and computational chemistry that use approximations like the Lennard-Jones and Morse potentials.

## Functional form

The total energy of a system of $N$ objects at positions ${\vec {R}}_{i}$, that interact through pair potential $v$ is given by
       $E={\frac {1}{2}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}\sum _{j\neq i}^{N}v\left(\left|{\vec {R}}_{i}-{\vec {R}}_{j}\right|\right)\ .$
Equivalently, this can be expressed as
       $E=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\sum _{j=i+1}^{N}v\left(\left|{\vec {R}}_{i}-{\vec {R}}_{j}\right|\right)\ .$
This expression uses the fact that interaction is symmetric between particles $i$ and $j$. It also avoids self-interaction by not including the case where $i=j$.

## Potential range

A fundamental property of a pair potential is its range. It is expected that pair potentials go to zero for infinite distance as particles that are too far apart do not interact. In some cases the potential goes quickly to zero and the interaction for particles that are beyond a certain distance can be assumed to be zero, these are said to be short-range potentials. Other potentials, like the Coulomb or gravitational potential, are long range: they go slowly to zero and the contribution of particles at long distances still contributes to the total energy.

## Computational cost

The total energy expression for pair potentials is quite simple to use for analytical and computational work. It has some limitations however, as the computational cost is proportional to the square of number of particles. This might be prohibitively expensive when the interaction between large groups of objects needs to be calculated.
For short-range potentials the sum can be restricted only to include particles that are close, reducing the cost to linearly proportional to the number of particles.

## Infinitely periodic systems

In some cases it is necessary to calculate the interaction between an infinite number of particles arranged in a periodic pattern.

## Beyond pair potentials

Pair potentials are very common in physics and computational chemistry and biology; exceptions are very rare. An example of a potential energy function that is not a pair potential is the three-body Axilrod-Teller potential. Another example is the Stillinger-Weber potential for silicon, which includes the angle in a triangle of silicon atoms as an input parameter.

## Common pair potentials

Some commonly used pair potentials are listed below.
* Hard Sphere potential
* Sutherland potential
* Buckingham (or exp-6) potential
* Mie potential
* Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential
* Stockmayer potential
* Coloumb potential
* Yukawa potential
* Morse potential
# Pallas Athena (disambiguation)

Athena, often given the epithet Pallas, is an ancient Greek goddess of wisdom.
Pallas Athena may also refer to:
* Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA), a planned space telescope
* Pallas Athena (song), song by David Bowie from the 1993 album Black Tie White Noise
* SS Flandre (1951), a former ship of the French Line rechristened the Pallas Athena as its final name
# Pallas Castle

Pallas Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in County Galway, Ireland.

## Location

Pallas Castle is located to the west of Pallas House, 2.8 km (1.7 mi) south of Tynagh, 1.6 km (1 mile) north of the Duniry River.

## History

The castle was built by the Burkes c. 1500. In 1574 it was owned by Jonyck Fitzthomas Burke, but after the restoration it passed to the Nugent Earls of Westmeath. Near the tower at the west end, there is a rectangular flanker, an 18th-century malt house and the remains of a large 17th-century gabled house. Some buildings in the southwest corner probably date from the 19th century. The Burke family name lives on with the Burke family descendants living down the road and in surrounding areas.

## Building

The tower is 5 storeys high, with the third storey vaulted. The thick end wall contains a tier of mural chambers and a winding stair.
There are a number of good fireplaces preserved on the various floors.
The fourth floor has attractive mullioned windows framed in arches. The roof was still thatched in the early part of the 20th century, the bottom being covered with stone flags for protection.
The tower is surrounded by a well-preserved bawn, entered via a two-storey gatehouse. The bawn has two towers with turrets at each corner, and has internal steps and parapets.
# Arthropodium

Arthropodium is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the subfamily Lomandroideae of the family Asparagaceae. Members of this genus are native to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Madagascar.

## Taxonomy
### Accepted species

Species accepted as of July 2014 are:
* Arthropodium bifurcatum Heenan, A.D.Mitch. & de Lange – New Zealand North Island
* Arthropodium caesioides H.Perrier – Madagascar
* Arthropodium candidum Raoul – New Zealand North and South Islands
* Arthropodium cirratum (G.Forst.) R.Br. – rengarenga, renga lily, New Zealand rock lily, or maikaika – New Zealand North and South Islands
* Arthropodium curvipes S.Moore – Western Australia
* Arthropodium dyeri (Domin) Brittan – Western Australia
* Arthropodium milleflorum (Redouté) J.F.Macbr. – pale vanilla lily – New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania
* Arthropodium minus R.Br. – small vanilla lily – New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania
* Arthropodium neocaledonicum Baker – New Caledonia

### Formerly included species

* Arthropodium fimbriatum R.Br. – see Dichopogon fimbriatus
* Arthropodium strictum R.Br. – chocolate lily – see Dichopogon strictus

## Human uses

The rhizomes of some species can be eaten as root vegetables, including A. cirratum, A. milleflorum, A. minus, and A. strictum. A. cirratum is native to New Zealand, where it may once have been farmed. It is used for medicine as well as food, and has symbolic importance in traditional Māori culture.
# Hotel Charlotte

Hotel Charlotte may refer to:
* Hotel Charlotte (Groveland, California)
* Hotel Charlotte (Charlotte, North Carolina)
# Paolo Regio

Paolo Regio (1545–1607) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Vico Equense (1583–1607).

## Biography

Paolo Regio was born in 1545. On 10 January 1583, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Vico Equense. He served as Bishop of Vico Equense until his death in 1607.
# Pantaleu

Es Pantaleu (Catalan) or El Pantaleu (Spanish) is an uninhabited islet in the Balearic Islands, Spain, located just off the west coast of Majorca. It is currently a natural park, part of the natural park of its neighboring island Dragonera. It has an area of 2,4 ha and its highest point is 26 m AMSL.

## Geography

Geologically speaking, Pantaleu is an emerged part of the geologic system running southwest–northeast in the Iberian Peninsula. This runs from the Province of Málaga through Cap de la Nau and then gets submerged under the Mediterranean Sea. It surfaces again to form the island of Ibiza, the Tramuntana Range in the island of Majorca and Pantaleu itself.
The island is a part of the municipality of Andratx, which is, along with Sant Elm (both in nearby Majorca), the closest towns to the island.

## History

This islet gained historical importance in 1229 when James I of Aragon in September of this year dropped anchor by this island in order to protect his ships from the storm. They explored the coast of Majorca from here and chose the strand near today's Santa Ponça as an ideal landing point for the Crusaders to start the Reconquista of the Balearic Islands. The gulf of Sant Elm proved to be a good place for defense.
Lying about 300 m from the strand of Sant Elm, the island is a popular destination for good swimmers. Since 1998 it belongs to the Dragonera nature reserve and must not be entered.
# Pantaleone Giustinian

Pantaleone Giustinian (before 1229 – 1286) was a Venetian nobleman and cleric, who served as the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople from 1253 until his death.
Pantaleone Giustinian was the son of Philip Giustinian, lord of the Greek islands of Keos and Serifos after the Fourth Crusade. Born in the early 13th century, he is first mentioned in 1229. His appointment to the vacant Latin see of Constantinople was part of a papal effort to secure firm Venetian support for the decaying Latin Empire. For the same reason, to enhance Giustinian's authority, he was also appointed papal legate to the Latin Empire. However, in 1261, Constantinople fell to the restored Byzantine Empire. From then on until his death, Giustinian resided mostly in Venice.

## Sources

Catholic Church titles :
| VacantTitle last held byNiccolò Visconti da Castro Arquato | Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (from 1261 in exile) 1253–1286 | Succeeded byPietro Correr |
Gaffuri, Laura (2001). "GIUSTINIAN, Pantaleone". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 57: Giulini–Gonzaga (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
# Panli Lu station

Panli Lu Station (Chinese: 盘蠡路站) is a station of Line 2 and Line 3 of Suzhou Rail Transit. The station is located in Wuzhong District of Suzhou. It started operation on December 28, 2013, the same time of the operation of Line 2. The Line 3 platforms opened along with the opening of the line in December 2019.
# Houston Open (early PGA Tour)

The Houston Open was a golf tournament in Texas in the early years of the PGA Tour, played sporadically in Houston between 1922 and 1938. The last two editions were at par-71 River Oaks Country Club, played February 11–14, 1937, and December 29–31, 1938.
The area received an annual tournament in 1946, and River Oaks was the site for its first edition.
| Year | Player | Country | Score | To par | Winner's share ($) | Purse ($) |
| Houston Open ||||||||
| 1938 | Jug McSpaden | United States | 212# | –1 | 700 | 3,000 |
| 1937 | Harry Cooper | United States | 280 | –4 | 700 | 3,000 |
| 1933–36: No tournament ||||||||
| 1932 | Clarence Clark | United States | 220# | +4 | 500 | 2,000 |
| 1931: No tournament ||||||||
| 1930 | Al Espinosa | United States | 281 | –7 | 600 | 2,500 |
| 1925–29: No tournament ||||||||
| 1924 | Joe Kirkwood, Sr. | Australia | 259^ | | 500 | |
| Houston Invitational ||||||||
| 1923 | Joe Kirkwood, Sr. | Australia | 151* | | 200 | |
| Houston Professional Golf ||||||||
| 1922 | George Bowden Peter O'Hara (tie) | | 147* | | | |
# Scheduled 54 holes ^ Played over 64 holes (holes 16 and 17 unplayable) * Scheduled 36 holes
# Arthur Edward Grasett

Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Edward Grasett, KBE, CB, DSO, MC (20 October 1888 – 4 December 1971) was a British-Canadian soldier who served with the British Army in Canada, the United Kingdom, British India and China.

## Early life and education

Grasett was born on 20 October 1888 in Plymouth, the eldest son of Arthur Wanton Grasell of Toronto, Ontario, and Catharine Frances Hewett of Halifax, Nova Scotia, daughter of Army officer Edward Osborne Hewett. He was educated at Upper Canada College in Toronto. He enrolled at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario in 1906.

## Military career

Grasett was commissioned into the Royal Engineers on 24 June 1909. He was promoted to lieutenant on 4 February 1911.
He served with distinction during the First World War, earning the Military Cross (MC) in 1915, the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1918, and was five times mentioned in despatches.
The war now over, he then attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1920 to 1921. He served on operations on the North West Frontier of India from 1921 and then as a General Staff Officer at the Staff College from 1935. As a brigadier, a rank he had been promoted to in April 1937, he served on the General Staff in the headquarters of Northern Command from 1937 and was promoted to major general in September 1938 (with seniority backdated to 9 January 1938) and soon after was appointed Commander of British Troops in China in 1938.
Grasett served in the Second World War as General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 48th (South Midland) Division from 1941 and, promoted to acting lieutenant general on 7 November 1941, was made GOC of VIII Corps on the south coast of England from November 1941. His lieutenant general's rank was made temporary in November 1942. In 1944 he was posted to the War Office in London and served as Chief of the European Allied Contact Section of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force under General Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1944 to 1945. He was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Jersey and Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers in 1945 and retired from the army in 1947.

## Awards and recognition

* Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1945)
* Companion of the Order of the Bath (16 July 1940)
* Distinguished Service Order (5 June 1919)
* Military Cross (17 January 1916)
* Order of the Red Banner (Soviet Union; 21 June 1945)
* Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States; 8 November 1945)
* Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Belgium; 15 August 1946)

## Family

In 1935, Grasett married Joan Mary, who was the daughter of JK Foster of Egton Manor, Yorkshire.
# Paolo Alberto Rossi

Paolo Alberto Rossi (28 October 1887 - 2 November 1969) was an Italian diplomat who experienced the fall of Shanghai during the communist Shanghai Campaign and authored The Communist Conquest of Shanghai: A Warning to the West.

## Early life

Rossi was born in Rome in 1887. His father, Egisto, was a Tuscan scholar of Sanskrit and his mother was American, whose uncle was Laurenus Clark Seelye, the first president of Smith College. After high school graduation in Mount Vernon, New York, in 1912 Rossi received a law degree from the University of Rome.

## Career

Rossi served in the Italian Army as an infantry officer in World War I. He was wounded in the Karst region in southwestern Slovenia. After a brief legal practice in Rome, in 1920 he was nominated and assigned to serve as Italian Vice Consul of New York and then Italian Consul General of Pittsburgh and New Orleans. In the 1930s Rossi served in the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Rome and the consulates of Aleppo, Smirne and Sarajevo. In 1947 he reopened the Consulate General's office in Marseille.

## Service in Shanghai

Between 1948 and 1952 Rossi was the Plenipotentiary Minister of the Italian Consulate of Shanghai. He witnessed the fall of Shanghai by the communists led by Mao Tse-tung. In 1970, Rossi published a book about it: “The Communist Conquest of Shanghai;: A Warning to the West”.
In Shanghai, Rossi was known to be a "very cultured man, that spoke english splendidly". He participated in the Foreign Correspondents' Club of China, hosted at the Broadway Mansions Hotel.
At the conclusion of his diplomatic career, Rossi opened a law practice in New York to serve Italian immigrants.

## Personal life

Rossi married Giacinta Porfilio, sister of Italian American entrepreneur Almerindo Portfolio and had three sons. Rossi wrote a biography in Italian about his brother in law, titled La Vita di Almerindo Portfolio, (1966).
# Paper Tapes

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | link |
| Absolute Punk | 3.9/10 link |
| Christianity Today | link |
Paper Tapes is the debut album by the band The Lonely Hearts. A previous album, Photographs & Tidalwaves was recorded under the name "Holland," which was changed for legal reasons; the composition of the group also changed at the same time.

## Track listing

* "Passive Aggressive"
* "Mermaid"
* "Love Comes Quickly"
* "Heartbreaker"
* "Weary Eyes"
* "Love and Politics"
* "Death of Me"
* "War Brides"
* "Good Intentions"
* "Movie Night"
# Arthur Middleton (disambiguation)

Arthur Middleton (1742–1787) was an American Revolutionary War figure.
Arthur Middleton may also refer to:
* Arthur Middleton (1681–1737), acting governor of South Carolina
* Arthur Middleton (bass-baritone) (1880–1929), American opera singer
* Arthur Edward Middleton (1891–1953), British politician
# Arthur Middleton (1681–1737)

Arthur Middleton (October 29, 1681 – September 17, 1737) was a South Carolina planter and Acting Governor of the Province of South Carolina from May 7, 1725, to December 1730.

## Biography

In 1678, Middleton's father (Edward) and his uncle, Arthur, moved from Barbados to South Carolina, and settled on 1,780 acres of land 14 miles north of Charles Town. His father, Edward had purchased his uncle's share of the landgrant, plus another 3,130 acres, then settled with his wife, Sara, on the plantation; and named the plantation The Oaks.
Middleton was born on October 29, 1681. He married Mary Williams and Sarah Middleton.

## Career

Middleton's father died in 1685, leaving to his wife, Sara, and their young son, Arthur, the plantation. In the following decade, English colonists learned how to cultivate rice in fresh water swamps, exploiting the knowledge and labor of enslaved Africans. The Oaks plantation had begun to make money. By 1720, the estate consisted of over 5,000 acres and Middleton owned over 100 slaves.
A well-established member of the Carolina gentry, Middleton became an influential figure. In 1710, he traveled to London to discuss the political problems in the Carolinas.

## Death

Middleton died on September 17, 1737, at the age of 56, and at that time he owned 107 slaves. Though he had eight children, only three survived. His widow, Sarah Middleton died on September 24, 1765.
# Uspenka (rural locality)

Uspenka is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Uspenka, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai
* Uspenka, Tabunsky District, Altai Krai
* Uspenka, Astrakhan Oblast
* Uspenka, Arkhangelsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
* Uspenka, Blagoveshchensky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
* Uspenka, Perm Krai
# Spilonota grandlacia

Spilonota grandlacia is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Caledonia in the south-west Pacific Ocean.
The wingspan is about 14 mm.
# Howard Wood

Howard Wood may refer to:

## Politicians

* Howard R. Wood, politician
* Howard Kingsley Wood, politician

## Others

* Howard Wood (basketball)
* Howard Wood (environmentalist)
* Howard Wood (curler)
* Howard Wood (coach), American football, basketball, and baseball coach
* Howard Wood, Jr., see Granite Curling Club (Winnipeg)
# Howard Wolfson

Howard Wolfson (born 1967) is an American Democratic political strategist. He served as a counselor to the former mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg, replacing Kevin Sheekey as Deputy Mayor of New York City for governmental affairs. He currently directs the education program at Bloomberg Philanthropies.

## Early life and education

He graduated from the University of Chicago and holds a Master of Arts in American History from Duke University.

## Career

Wolfson began his career in politics working for Nita Lowey as her chief of staff and press secretary, and was executive director of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee from 1998 to 2000. He served as communications director for the U.S. Senate campaigns of Charles Schumer (1998), Hillary Clinton (2000, 2006), and Ned Lamont (2006).
Wolfson was co-chief strategist and communications director for the Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign, after which he became managing director at The Glover Park Group, a communications consulting firm based in Washington, D.C. He advised the campaign of Bill Thompson for New York City Comptroller in 2005. He was a senior strategist for New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's 2009 re-election campaign. Wolfson served as a strategic adviser to News Corp. in its public relations campaign against Nielsen Holdings. He was a Fox News contributor, and advised Ned Lamont's campaign for governor of Connecticut. Wolfson is also the author of the music and politics blog Gotham Acme. From August to November 2008, Wolfson wrote a blog on The New Republic's website, called "The Flack", that covered the final months of the 2008 presidential campaign. He also sits on the board of directors for The 74, an education news website.
Wolfson served as a senior advisor to the Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign.

## Personal life

Wolfson married fellow Democratic Party operative Terri McCullough in 2002. They have a daughter, Sarah Cate, and a son.
# Oliver Korittke

Oliver Korittke (born 6 April 1968) is a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films since 1972. In Wilsberg he plays the role of Ekkehard Talkötter, an official tax inspector.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1991 | Keep on Running [de] | Zorro | |
| 1996 | Rohe Ostern [de] | Frieder Kopp | |
| 1997 | Cologne's Finest [de] | Oliver Dretzke | TV film |
| 1998 | Dunckel | Freddy Dunckel | TV film |
| 1999 | Bang Boom Bang | Keek | |
| 2000 | A Handful of Grass | Udo Hellkamp | |
| 2000 | Sumo Bruno | Kalle | |
| 2002 | Poppitz | Uwe Schalk | |
| 2002 | The Year of the First Kiss [de] | Tristan | |
| 2004 | Agnes and His Brothers | Rudi | |
| 2008 | Evet, I Do! [de] | Dirk Heidenreich | |
| 2011 | My Life in Orange [de] | Gopal | |
| 2012 | Men Do What They Can | Günther | |
| 2012 | Die Männer der Emden | Kluthe | |
| 2012 | Guardians | | |
| 2014 | Playing Doctor | Tom | |
| 2014 | Die Schlikkerfrauen [de] | Malte | TV film |
| 2015 | Alky Alky [de] | Siggi | |
| 2016 | How Men Talk About Women | DJ | |