OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Pedestrian

"The Pedestrian" is a science fiction short story by American writer Ray Bradbury. This story was originally published in the August 7, 1951 issue of The Reporter by The Fortnightly Publishing Company. It is included in the collection The Golden Apples of the Sun (1953), but was dropped from later editions of this collection (1990 and 1997).

## Summary

The story features Leonard Mead, a citizen of a television-centered world in November 2053. In the city the sidewalks have fallen into decay. Mead enjoys walking through the city at night, something which no one else does. "In ten years of walking by night or day, for thousands of miles, he had never met another person walking, not one in all that time." On one of his usual walks, he encounters a police car, which is robotic. It is the only police unit in a city of three million as the purpose of law enforcement has disappeared with everyone watching television at night. When asked about his profession Mead tells the car that he is a writer, which the car interprets as “no profession” since no one buys books or magazines in the television-dominated society. The police car, which is revealed to have no occupants, cannot understand why Mead would be out walking for no reason, and so it decides to take him to the Psychiatric Center for Research on Regressive Tendencies. As the car passes through his neighborhood, Mead, locked in the confines of the back seat says, "That's my house," as he points to a warm and bright house with all its lights on, unlike all the other houses. There is no reply, and the story concludes.

## Background

The address of the main character, Leonard Mead, happens to be the address of the house in which Bradbury grew up. This has caused speculation that this short story is actually referring to himself, or is in some related way a message to his home town of Waukegan, Illinois.
The 60th anniversary of Fahrenheit 451 contains the short piece "The Story of Fahrenheit 451" by Jonathan R. Eller. In it, Eller writes that Bradbury's inspiration for the story came when he was walking down Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles with a friend in late 1949. On their walk, a police cruiser pulled up and asked what they were doing. Bradbury answered, "Well, we're putting one foot in front of the other." The policemen did not appreciate Ray's joke and became suspicious of Bradbury and his friend for walking in an area where there were no pedestrians. Inspired by this experience, he wrote "The Pedestrian", which he sent to his New York agent Don Congdon in March 1950. According to Eller, "[the story's] composition in the early months of 1950 predates Bradbury's conception of 'The Fireman,'" the short novella that would later evolve into Fahrenheit 451. In Fahrenheit 451, Leonard's character can be considered similar to that of Clarisse McClellan's uncle, who tells of a similar story repeated by her niece to Montag.

## Adaptations

The story was adapted for radio and broadcast on the CBC program Theatre 10:30 (1968-71).
The story was made into an episode of The Ray Bradbury Theater, starring David Ogden Stiers as Leonard Mead.
# Arch–gravity dam

An arch–gravity dam is a dam with the characteristics of both an arch dam and a gravity dam. It is a dam that curves upstream in a narrowing curve that directs most of the force from the water against the canyon rock walls, which provide the force to compress the dam. It combines the strengths of two common dam forms and is a compromise between the two. They are made of conventional concrete, roller-compacted concrete (RCC), or masonry. A typical example of the conventional concrete dam is the Hoover Dam. Changuinola Dam is an example of the RCC arch–gravity dam. A gravity dam requires a large volume of internal fill. An arch–gravity dam can be thinner than a pure gravity dam and requires less internal fill.

## Overview

Arch–gravity dams are dams that resist the thrust of water by their weight using the force of gravity and the arch action.
An arch–gravity dam incorporates the arch's curved design which is effective in supporting the water in narrow, rocky locations where the gorge's sides are of hard rock and the water is forced into a narrow channel. Therefore, the span needed for the dam is also relatively narrow, and the dam's curved design effectively holds the water back while using less construction material than a pure arch dam or pure gravity dam. These dams are more reliable than arch dams. Typically, arch–gravity dams are built in canyon-like terrain, with the surrounding cliffs serving as supporting walls. An arch-shaped bank-fill design reduces the overall mass of the structure and the cost of construction compared to pure gravity dams. Arch dams and arch–gravity dams are most commonly used in hydraulic structures of more than 100 m in height.
# Rudi Ekkart

Rudolf 'Rudi' Ekkart (born 1947) is a Dutch art historian known for his expertise in Dutch portraiture and his work in art restitution. In 1997, he received his PhD from the University of Amsterdam, writing it on Dutch portraiture. He served as the director of the Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD) from 1990 to 2012. Ekkart has played a significant role in tracing the provenance of artworks that were looted during World War II, and has contributed to the identification and restitution of many pieces to their rightful owners. Ekkart has published extensively on Dutch Golden Age portraiture, and his work has been influential in the field of art history and museology. Since 2023, he has been an honorary member of the Association for Dutch Art Historians.
# Jonathon Cooper

Jonathon Cooper (born January 8, 1998) is an American professional football linebacker for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes.

## College career

Cooper played college football at Ohio State University from 2016 to 2020. Over 45 games during his career, he had 75 tackles and 10 sacks.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 2+5⁄8 in (1.90 m) | 253 lb (115 kg) | 32+1⁄8 in (0.82 m) | 9+5⁄8 in (0.24 m) | 4.71 s | 1.65 s | 2.78 s | 4.31 s | 7.02 s | 33.0 in (0.84 m) | 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m) | 28 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||||
Cooper was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the seventh round, 239th overall, of the 2021 NFL draft. On June 15, 2021, Cooper signed his four-year rookie contract with Denver.
Two days before the NFL draft, Cooper received bad news from doctors that there was an irregularity in his electrocardiogram test. Cooper had to have three separate heart procedures on the offseason to correct the irregular heartbeat.
On November 4, 2024, Cooper signed a four-year, $60 million extension with the Broncos.
# Kyung-ja Chun

Kyung-ja Chun (1924-August 6, 2015) was a prominent South Korean painter. She was born in 1924 in Goheung, South Jeolla Province, Chun studied painting at a college in Tokyo.
She was best known for her bold and vividly colorful paintings depicting mainly female figures, flowers, and animals. One of her most famous paintings, "Page 22 in My Sorrowful Legend" (1977) is a self-portrait with snakes on top of a woman's head.
# Shin Eui-kyung

Shin Eui-kyung (Korean: 신의경, 23 March 1898 – 1988) was a South Korean educator, independence activist and politician. In 1946 she was one of the four women who were appointed to the Interim Legislative Assembly [ko], becoming South Korea's first female legislators.

## Biography

Shin was born in Seoul in 1898, the daughter of Shin Jung-woo and Maria Shin. In 1919 she founded the Korean Patriotic Women’s Association with Maria Kim. She was arrested by Japanese police later in the year and sentenced to two years in prison. In 1922 she was one of the founders of the Korean branch of the YCWA.
After graduating from Ewha Womaen's College in 1924 with a degree in English literature, she studied history at Tohoku University in Japan, where she was the only female student. While there, she met her future husband Park Dong-gil. When she returned to Korea, she taught history at Ewha Women's College. She married Park in 1931.
Following the end of World War II, the United States Army Military Government established an Interim Legislative Assembly with 90 members; 45 elected and 45 appointed by Military Governor John R. Hodge. Although women were unable to vote in the election, Hodge appointed four women, including Shin. In 1947 she was amongst the founders of the Korean Red Cross. After the Interim Legislative Assembly was dissolved in 1948, she returned to education.
# Souleuvre Viaduct

Viaduc de la Souleuvre is a partially demolished railway viaduct over the Souleuvre River in La Ferrière-Harang, Normandy, France, and is now used for bungee jumping.

## History

Built by French engineer Gustave Eiffel for the Caen to Saint-Lô and Vire line, the Viaduc de la Souleuvre opened November 12, 1893. The total length of the viaduct was 364.20 m (1,200 ft), had a maximum height of 62.50 m (210 ft) and was set on five stone pillars. The height of these pillars varies between 26 m and 60 m, their bases are 18 m by 8 m and their tops are 7 m by 4 m. They were built with granite blocks from the Vire region quarries, each of a weight of 350 kg, and with mortar sand from the Chausey Islands, totaling 14000 m³.
Before World War II, about 15 trains a day crossed the viaduct. It was used by the Germans during the War. The Allied Forces tried to destroy the viaduct in 1944, but only managed to partially damage it. More than 500 bombs were dropped around it without hitting it. In August 1944, the viaduct was repaired by the Americans.
When the rail line closed in 1960, the viaduct went into disrepair. Despite large local preservationist opinion campaigns, the railway platform was demolished in 1970. Only the five large stone pillars remain.

## Bungee jumping

In 1990, a permanent platform for bungee jumping was established by A. J. Hackett atop the highest pillar. A light gangway was established where the railway platform used to be, allowing access to the platform from the side of the bridge.

## Photo gallery

* Calvados viaduct at Souleuvre
* Entrance to the Calvados viaduct at Souleuvre
* Bungee jump from the Souleuvre Viaduct
* Bungee Jump from Viaduc de la Souleuvre
# John Hughes (neuroscientist)

John Hughes (born 6 January 1942) is a British neuroscientist who shared the 1978 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research for the discovery of met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin. This discovery demonstrated that opiate drugs exert their effects on the human brain by mimicking endogenous neurotransmitters, the opioid peptides.

## Education

Hughes was born and grew up in South London. He received BSc and PhD degrees from King's College London.

## Career and research

After his PhD, Hughes did postdoctoral research at Yale Medical School, where he studied the effects of angiotensin on the heart. He took a position as lecturer in Pharmacology at Aberdeen University, where he had a laboratory in Marischal College, and also collaborated in research with Hans Kosterlitz. He went on to become Reader in Pharmacological Biochemistry, and subsequently Professor, at Imperial College London. Later, he became Director of the Parke-Davis Neuroscience Centre at the University of Cambridge, where he is now an Emeritus Fellow of Wolfson College. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society.

### Discovery of enkephalins

While working with Kosterlitz at Aberdeen, Hughes helped discover the enkephalin peptides. Kosterlitz had developed assays for responses to opiate drugs, using pieces of guinea pig intestine and mouse vas deferens. Hughes sought to determine whether molecules present in brains could mimic the effects of the drugs. Reflecting in 1995 about that time, Hughes said: "From my personal point of view, I think that the reason I got interested in searching for an endogenous opioid-like substance is that I had been previously involved during my PhD student work in looking at non-adrenergic, noncholinergic innervation of various blood vessels and that's what my PhD thesis was eventually written on." He would bicycle daily to a slaughterhouse, where he would trade bottles of whiskey to the butchers in exchange for pig heads, and he subsequently prepared brain extracts using acetone. After testing many samples in Kosterlitz's assays, the two scientists were able to isolate and identify two peptides, met- and leu-enkephalin, as naturally occurring molecules from the brain, that have activity resembling opioids. Hughes and Kosterlitz first announced their findings at a scientific conference in May 1974, and published the structures of the two enkephalins in 1975. In 1978, they shared the Lasker award with Solomon H. Snyder, and Hughes in particular was credited with predicting the existence of endogenous opioids.
# Nazmi Mustafa

Nazmi Mustafa (6 January 1924 – 21 August 1997) was an Albanian politician from Kosovo, he is best known for his time as the mayor of Pristina, Kosovo from 1972–1978.

## Other political and social activities

* Member of Provincial Parliament of the Autonomous Socialist Province of Kosovo.
* Member of Provincial Committee.
* Vice-President of the Society of Technicians and Engineers of Yugoslavia.
* Kosovo's Representative in the Central Parliament.
* This article about a Kosovar politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Peace Iced Tea

Peace Iced Tea (often labeled Peace Tea) is an American brand of assorted iced tea beverages produced by the Coca-Cola Company. It was originally produced by the Monster Beverage Company. The product launched on December 21, 2007. Peace Tea contains no artificial flavors or coloring, although it does contain an artificial sweetener, sucralose. The only flavor not to include sucralose was the Unsweetened Tea (also branded as High Tea), but it was discontinued in early 2012. Peace tea is served in 23 oz cans in the United States, and 695 mL cans in Canada.
Peace Tea is also an avid competitor of Arizona brand of iced teas in the ready-to-drink beverage category, as well as drinks from Snapple and Pepsi.
The Coca-Cola Company purchased 16.7% of the Monster Beverage Company in 2015 and as a result, all non-energy drink products, including Peace Tea, were transferred to the Coca-Cola Company.
The current CEO of Peace Iced Tea is Marc Rampolla, having worked with the Coca-Cola Company for 18 years consecutively.

## The Peace Symbol Inspiration

The Peace Symbol is a universal symbol for peace which was the very inspiration behind the creation of Peace Tea. "Peace Tea is whatever you want it to be," says the brand's official Web site, which is festooned with peace signs. Peace Tea "stands for social awareness while maintaining its soul. In the form of a mere liquid, it can be your own form of poetry."

## Label art

The company took it upon themselves to promote their products as a form of artwork as to move away from the commercial use of the peace symbol, though the Monster logo could be found in each original design.
The original Peace Tea can designs were created by Steve Jugan (Peace Tea Brand Manager) and artist John Malloy aka FLuX in homage to the different peace movements throughout history. Mr. Malloy is a mixed-media artist who began drawing at a very young age. He later earned a background in old master's style painting and has since been self-taught in fine art, illustration, comics, and design. His illustrations have been featured in a variety of publications, including The Big Book of Contemporary Illustration and the 'Illusive 3' Book of Contemporary Illustration. His artwork led each Peace Tea packaging can to tell a story behind a significant peace movement throughout history.
Upon Peace Tea's 2015 transfer to the Coca-Cola Company, they produced simpler can designs.

## Flavors

* Razzleberry (Raspberry)
* Sweet Lemon
* Sno-berry (Blueberry)
* Green Tea
* Caddy Shack (Lemon-Flavored Tea)
* Just Peachy (Called Peach Party in Canada)
* Pineapple Groove Zer-Oh
* Hello Mango (Mango Green Tea)
* Cheeky Cherry (Canada only)
* Cheeky Cherry Fizz (Canada only)
* Sweet Lemon Fizz (Canada only)
* Strawberry Lemon Love (Strawberry Lemonade, Canada only)
* Mango Mood

### Discontinued flavors

* Ceylon
* Cranberry
* Diet Green Tea
* Pink Lemonade and Tea
* Unsweetened Tea
* Texas Style Sweet Tea
* Strawberry Lemon Love (discontinued in US)
# Sonchus ustulatus

Sonchus ustulatus, also known as a leituga, is a species of herb in the Asteraceae family. It is endemic to Madeira, an island group in the Atlantic which is politically part of Portugal. It grows to be around 0.2 meters.

## Description

The leituga is a perennial plant that either has no stem or a very short one. It does not have many floral heads and generally grows on a rocky shoreline. It is herbaceous.

## Subspecies

The leituga has 2 subspecies:
* Sonchus ustulatus subsp. ustulatus
* Sonchus ustulatus subsp. mederensis (Syn.: S. latifolius)

## Found near

* San Cristóbal de la Laguna
* Distrito Anaga
* Funchal
* Calheta
* São Vicente
# Maa Vishhari Sthan Diwari

Maa Vishhari Sthan, also known as Diwari Sthan, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Goddess Vishhari, located in the Saharsa district of Bihar, India. It is a significant religious site, attracting thousands of devotees, especially during festivals like Navratri.
# Hemet Public Library

The Hemet Public Library is a public library in Hemet, California, United States which opened its current building in July 2003.

## History

The library can trace its history back to 1906, when members of the Hemet Woman's Club wanted a place to gather and read literature, so they opened a reading room on the second floor of a bank on the Bothin Block.
After the city's incorporation in 1910, citizens voted for their own library, and the new city took over the operation of its library facility. Soon, the upstairs reading room opened by the Woman's Club quickly outgrew itself. Woman's Club members—along with many other community organizations—campaigned to get a public building built to house a permanent library collection. The late Mrs. E. A. Davis composed a letter to Andrew Carnegie asking for the funds to help the community build a new facility. Mr. Carnegie responded by sending a check for $7,500. However, Carnegie placed a contingency on his donation: the City of Hemet had to contribute the remainder of the $12,000 necessary to complete the construction. The City of Hemet agreed to contribute the funds soon after. The land used for the first library facility was donated by Mr. and Mrs. James St. John and the library was built there on the corner of Buena Vista Street and Florida Avenue. Construction of the "Carnegie Library" was completed in early 1913.
The Carnegie Library remained open and operated by the city for 52 years. The Carnegie Library was eventually razed in 1969 having stood in the community for 56 years. This made room for the C. B. Covell Memorial Library Building which began construction in March 1971. Named after Clarence B. Covell, a Library Board member from 1910 to 1920, the Covell Memorial Library Building was designed by Hemet architect James Calkins. The Covell Library was 11,400 square feet (1,060 m$^2$) and contained approximately 60,000 items.
By the start of the new millennium, the library facilities became too small to accommodate the increasing number of visitors from the growing city, and an expansion of the library was initiated. After months of construction, the City of Hemet opened its current facility on June 21, 2003. Designed by architect John Loomis of 30th Street Architects, the library is approximately 52,000 square feet (4,800 m$^2$).
# Maria Nazareth Farani Azevêdo

Maria Nazareth Farani Azevêdo (born 15 August 1957) is a career diplomat. She has been the Brazilian Consul General in New York City since 2021.

## Life

Azevêdo was born in Alegre, Espírito Santo, in 1957. She trained to be a diplomat at the Rio Branco Institute and she joined the diplomatic service in 1982 as a third secretary. She was promoted to second secretary in 1986.
In 2001 she gained her Master's degree from the Rio Branco Institute when she defended her thesis on "The Precautionary Principle and the Agreement on the Application of WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures - The Implications for the Agricultural Reform Process".
On 14 September 2016 she was appointed her country's ambassador to the United Nations Office at Geneva. She succeeded Regina Maria Cordeiro Dunlop, who went on to be Brazil's Ambassador in The Hague.
She is currently the Consul General of Brazil in the United States, occupying that position at the Consulate General of Brazil in New York since 2021.

## Private life

Azevedo is married to Roberto Azevêdo, who served as the director-general of the World Trade Organization from 2013 to 2020. They have two daughters, Paula and Luísa.
# Mondo (Cesare Cremonini and Jovanotti song)

"Mondo" is a song by Italian singers-songwriters Cesare Cremonini and Jovanotti. It was released on 23 April 2010 through Warner Music Italy, as the lead single from Cremonini first greatest hits album 1999–2010 The Greatest Hits.

## Composition

The song was the first artistic collaboration between Cremoni and Jovanotti, whos also wrote the lyrics. In an interview with Rockol Cremonini explained the meaning of thes song:
   "When I listened to the two unreleased tracks in the collection, "Mondo", made together with Jovanotti, "Hello!" with Malika Ayane, I realized that it was the only time my voice had changed. That made me think that it was the right time to look back and reread everything that had happened from the beginnings to now, and in ten years I have discovered so many things, both in the world of music and in my inner world, and I have always remained enthusiastic about everything. Today I think I have somehow found a balance that I hope to bring with me to future records as well."

## Music video

The music video for the song, directed by Gabriele Muccino, was released on January 1, 2010, through the singer's YouTube channel.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 4 |
| Italy Airplay (EarOne) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2010) | Position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 15 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Mondo" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | Platinum | 30,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Fatma Omar An-Najar

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Fatma Omar Mahmoud An-Najar (Arabic: فاطمة عمر محمود النجار, romanized: Fāṭimah ʻUmar Maḥmūd al-Najjār; died November 23, 2006) was a Palestinian grandmother and suicide bomber who lived in the Gaza Strip. On November 23, 2006, she detonated explosives she was wearing on a belt, and injured several Israeli soldiers near Beit Lahia and the Jabalia Camp in northern Gaza. Hamas claimed responsibility for the bombing. Her family said she was 64.

## Life

An-Najar was a mother of nine children and a grandmother of between 35 and 38 people. During the First Intifada she had sheltered Hamas militants and the Israeli army had demolished her home. Her husband had died in 2005 and a grandson had been shot dead in 2002. At the time of her death, she was 57 according to Hamas and her family said she was 64.

## Death

An-Najar blew herself up on 23 November 2006, becoming the oldest out of the one hundred suicide bombers from the previous six years. Her motivation was Israeli attacks on the nearby Jabalia Camp in the Gaza Strip. She approached Israeli soldiers near the town of Beit Lahia and detonated the explosives on her belt when they threw stun grenades at her. Several soldiers were reported to have been wounded. In her martyrdom video, An-Najar said she made the attack in the name of Hamas and its military leader Mohammed Deif.