OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States Senate Energy Subcommittee on Energy

The United States Senate Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy is one of four subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

## Jurisdiction

This subcommittee's jurisdiction includes oversight and legislative responsibilities for:
* nuclear, coal and synthetic fuels research and development;
* nuclear and non-nuclear energy commercialization projects;
* nuclear fuel cycle policy;
* Department of Energy National Laboratories;
* global climate change;
* new technologies research and development;
* nuclear facilities siting and insurance program;
* commercialization of new technologies including, solar energy systems;
* Federal energy conservation programs;
* energy information;
* liquefied natural gas projects;
* oil and natural gas regulation;
* refinery policy;
* coal conversion;
* utility policy;
* Strategic Petroleum Reserves;
* regulation of Trans-Alaska Pipeline System and other oil and gas pipeline transportation systems within Alaska Arctic research and energy development;
* oil, gas and coal production and distribution.

## Members, 119th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Dave McCormick, Pennyslvania, Chair John Barrasso, Wyoming Jim Risch, Idaho Tom Cotton, Arkansas Jim Justice, West Virginia Bill Cassidy, Louisiana Cindy Hyde-Smith, Mississippi John Hoeven, North Dakota | Ruben Gallego, Arizona, Ranking Member Ron Wyden, Oregon Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Angus King, Maine Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada John Hickenlooper, Colorado |
| Ex officio ||
| Mike Lee, Utah | Martin Heinrich, New Mexico |

## Historical subcommittee rosters
### 118th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Bernie Sanders, Vermont, Chair Ron Wyden, Oregon Martin Heinrich, New Mexico Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Angus King, Maine Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada John Hickenlooper, Colorado | Josh Hawley, Missouri, Ranking Member Jim Risch, Idaho Lisa Murkowski, Alaska John Hoeven, North Dakota Bill Cassidy, Louisiana Cindy Hyde-Smith, Mississippi |
| Ex officio ||
| Joe Manchin, West Virginia | John Barrasso, Wyoming |
# Rapid Refresh (weather prediction)

The Rapid Refresh (RR or RAP) is a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The model is designed to provide short-range hourly weather forecasts for North America. The Rapid Refresh was officially made operational on 1 May 2012, replacing the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC). The model also serves as the boundary conditions for the higher-resolution High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model, that uses a 3 km (1.9 mi) grid spacing on a domain covering the continental United States.
The Rapid Refresh is run at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). It is based on the framework of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF); the Global Forecast System (GFS) provides the boundary parameters. The grid points are spaced every 13 kilometres (8.1 mi), with 50 vertical intervals extending up to the 10-hectopascal (10 mb) level of the atmosphere. The model runs once each hour, with new information being integrated every 15 minutes. Forecasts are given hourly out to 18 hours and 48 hours every 6th run.
An experimental version of the Rapid Refresh runs at the Earth System Research Laboratories (ESRL), a NOAA unit that develops models in the research stage prior to operational implementation at NCEP.
# List of Mexican films of 2012

This is a list of Mexican films released in 2012.
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* External links
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| Cristiada (film) | Dean Wright | Andy Garcia, Eva Longoria, Eduardo Verastegui, Rubén Blades, Peter O'Toole | Drama | |
| After Lucia | Michel Franco | Tessa Ía González Norvind | Drama | Winner Un Certain Regard at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival |
| Post Tenebras Lux (film) | Carlos Reygadas | Adolfo Jiménez Castro, Nathalia Acevedo | Drama | Winner Prix de la mise en scène at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival |
# Shingle Creek (Florida)

Shingle Creek is a small waterway in central Florida that is generally considered to be the northernmost headwaters of the Everglades watershed. It is named after the cypress trees that lined the bank in the late 19th century, which were used to make wood shingles. The stream and surrounding areas are protected wetlands.
The creek begins in a swamp area in southern Orange County, a few miles east of the International Drive tourist corridor and west of John Young Parkway. From there, it flows south under the Beachline Expressway, Central Florida GreeneWay and Osceola Parkway to Kissimmee in Osceola County, where it turns directly east and flows into Lake Tohopekaliga, then into the Kissimmee River system to south Florida and the Everglades.
Name associations include the Shingle Creek Fishing, Shingle Creek Resort, Shingle Creek Elementary School, the Shingle Creek Toll Plaza on Osceola Parkway, and the Shingle Creek Transit & Utility Community Development District.

## Shingle Creek Regional Park

Shingle Creek Regional Park, 456-acres, includes several old homes from the historic Shingle Creek community. The park includes fishing, hiking trails, picnicking, play area, and restrooms. Stefee Landing has a launch onto the Designated Paddling Trail, outfitter, boardwalk and bridge. The Shingle Creek Regional Trail runs through the park, when complete it will run 32 miles from Kissimmee to Wekiwa Springs State Park in Seminole County.

## Paddling Trail

Shingle Creek is a newly (2015) Florida Designated Paddling Trail. The trail totals about 7 miles from Babb Landing to Lake Tohopekaliga.
# Kyiv Victory Parade (1920)

The 1920 Kyiv Victory Parade was a joint Polish–Ukrainian military parade on 9 May 1920 in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv. It was held on Khreshchatyk Street, after the city was captured from the Bolshevik Red Army by the allied forces of Poland and the Ukrainian People's Republic in the course of their Kyiv offensive. It was the first formal military parade to be held under the auspices of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

## The parade

On the morning of 9 May, to the accompaniment of cannon fire from the Darnytskyi District, which marked the beginning of the military procession. Although originally, the parade was to be presided by Polish Chief of State Józef Piłsudski and Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian Army Chief Otaman Symon Petliura, certain plans for the two forced this not to happen, with the parade being commanded by General Edward Rydz-Śmigły (representing the Polish 3rd Cavalry Corps) and Colonel Marko Bezruchko (the commander of the 6th Ukrainian Infantry Division). Among other officials in attendance were representatives of the directorate of the chief of staff of the Polish Army as well as attaches from France and Japan.
The procession was as follows:
* 1st Legions Infantry Division
* 15th "Greater Poland" Infantry Division
* Heavy artillery
* 6th Ukrainian Infantry Division
* Military Band
The units marched from Prorizna Street to Duma Square (Independence Square nowadays), after which they began to march back to the starting point of the parade. Many Kyivans greeted Polish liberators with flowers and loud shouts of Slava! (Glory). Following the ceremonial parade, all Polish forces in Kyiv were withdrawn, to which control was given to the Ukrainian 6th division under the control of Petliura and the Directorate of Ukraine.

## Legacy

In the 21st century the parade was often overshadowed against the backdrop of the Victory Day over Nazism in World War II holiday and the Victory Day Parades held on that day. On the 100th anniversary of the parade in 2020, Ukrainian and Polish journalists toured the parade route. Initially, before the COVID-19 pandemic, it was planned that the capital would host large celebrations to mark the centenary. Polish President Andrzej Duda addressed the idea of commemorating the parade with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the latter's visit to Auschwitz. Among others, there has also been petitions to replace the traditional 9 May holiday celebration with a commemoration of the parade, in an effort to break with the Russian holiday schedule and reduce the Russification of Ukraine. Since 2024 Ukraine commemorates World War II on May 8.

## Gallery

* Cavalry
* Polish infantry on Dumskaya ploshchad (currently Maidan Nezalezhnosti)
* Artillery
# Rune Larsson (athlete)

Karl Rune Larsson (17 June 1924 – 17 September 2016) was a Swedish sprinter and hurdler who specialized in 400 m events. He competed at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics and won two bronze medals in 1948: in the 400 m hurdles and 4 × 400 m relay. He also won bronze medals in the same events at the European championships of 1946 and 1950. Larsson received the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 1951.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Sweden ||||||
| 1948 | Olympics | London, United Kingdom | DNS, Heat 1, SF | 400 m | |
# Kirpal Singh Batth

Kirpal Singh Batth (born 19 May 1992 in Punjab) is an Indian discus thrower.
Discus thrower Kirpal Singh Batth has seen his career getting waylaid by injuries.
Kirpal is a self-coached discus thrower, relying on YouTube for videos of top throwers in the world, and recording clips of himself to self-analyse. He said that "I'm also my own coach. It's difficult to coach yourself. But, you know, now you have smartphones, and you get to watch a lot of videos. I shoot clips of myself throwing and then rewatch them to spot errors. It's okay. Everything is good. Life's good," chuckled Kirpal as he walked off.

## Career

Batth broke the national record at the 2022 Federation Cup Senior Athletics Championships and won a gold medal. His best throw was 61.83 meters.
He also won gold medals in 2019 at the South Asian Games in Katmandu with a throw of 57.88 meters and at the National Open Athletics in Hanamkonda, Telangana with a throw of 59.58 meters.
# Dyngö

Dyngö is a small island in the archipelago of Sweden's west coast, located in the province (landskap) of Bohuslän, near the village Fjällbacka. Formerly a fishing community, the island now has few or no permanent inhabitants, hosting instead a number of summer residents. In the 1950s one prominent summer resident was Per Nyström, the then county governor of the provinces of Bohuslän and Gothenburg.
# Yo (greeting)

Yo is a slang interjection, commonly associated with North American English. It was popularized by the Italian-American community in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the 1940s.
Although often used as a greeting and often deployed at the beginning of a sentence, yo may also come at the end of a sentence and/or may be used to place emphasis on or to direct focus onto a particular individual, group, or issue at hand, or to gain the attention of another individual or group. It may also be used to express excitement, surprise, disbelief, enthusiasm, anger, or amazement.

## Etymology and history

The interjection yo was first used in Middle English. In addition to yo, it was also sometimes written io.
Though the term may have been in use in an isolated manner in different contexts earlier in English, its current usage and popularity derives from its use in Philadelphia's Italian American population in the twentieth century, which spread to other ethnic groups in the city, notably among Philadelphia African Americans, and later spread beyond Philadelphia.
From the late twentieth century, it frequently appeared in hip hop music and became associated with African American Vernacular English.

## Other uses

* In Baltimore, and possibly other cities, yo (or a word coincidentally identical to it) has become a gender-neutral pronoun.
* Among the first times the word was used in mass media, "Yo" was seen in the title Yo! MTV Raps, a popular American television hip-hop music program in the late 1980s.
# Hapoel Haifa B.C.

Hapoel Haifa Basketball Club is a professional basketball team based in Haifa, Israel. The club plays in the Israeli Basketball Premier League, the top tier of Israeli basketball. It was founded in 1930, and is owned by Hapoel Haifa Supporters Trust - Ultras Gate 5.

## History

Hapoel Haifa was founded in 1924 in the port city of Haifa in the . It began to play basketball in the Israeli Basketball Premier League in 1955.
The club has a rich history, and has been part of the Israeli Basketball Premier League for many years. Hapoel Haifa finished as runner-up to Maccabi Tel Aviv in 1962 and 1965. It came in second in the competition for the Israeli State Cup, in 1970/1971, 1984/1985, 2008/2009, and 2012/2013.
In the 2011/12 season, its fans formed the club again. Hapoel Haifa was Israeli Artzit League Group North Runner-Up in 2015, and Champion in 2016, and Israeli National League Runner-Up in 2020.
Hapoel Haifa plays its home games in Romema Arena.

## Roster
### Depth chart

| Pos. | Starting 5 | Bench 1 | Bench 2 |
| C | Jaylen Johnson | Alex Sobel | |
| PF | Tyler Bey | Daniel Rosenbaum | Liav Bokovza |
| SF | | Willy Workman | |
| SG | Cameron Young | Amit Gershon | Rotem Ovadia |
| PG | Matt Coleman III | Gil Noyovitch | Itay Schneider |
* The Israeli League rule requires every team to have at least one Israeli on the court at any time.
* There should be at least 7 Israelis and up to 5 foreigners on a 12-men game sheet.

## Honors

* Domestic Championship:
** Runners-up (1): 1961–62,
* Israeli National League:
** Champions (1): 1998-99
* Liga Bet:
** Champions (1): 2006-07
* Liga Alef:
** Champions (1): 2007-08
* Liga Artzit:
** Champions (1): 2008-09
** Champions (2): 2015/16

## Notable players

* Shimon Amsalem
* Stanley Brundy
* Cory Carr
* Guy Goodes
* Adi Gordon
* Mickey Gorka
* Albert Hemmo
* Howard Lassoff
* Barry Leibowitz
* Jake Pemberton
* Hubert Roberts
* Isaac Rosefelt
* Jerry Simon
* Bar Timor
* Igal Volodarsky
* John Willis
* Jahmar Young
* Tony Younger
* Chaim Zlotikman
# Koalang

Koalang is a fictional language in Janusz A. Zajdel's 1984 novel Paradyzja. The novel is set on a space station where activity is tracked by automatic cameras and analysed, mostly, by computers. To avoid surveillance, the station's inhabitants adopt an Aesopian language which is full of metaphors that are impossible for computers to grasp. The meaning of every sentence depended on the context. For example, "I dreamt about blue angels last night" means "I was visited by the police last night."
The software that analyzes sentences is self-learning. Thus, a phrase that is used to describe something metaphorically should not be used again in the same context.
The ko-al in koalang derives from the Polish words kojarzeniowo-aluzyjny ("associative-allusive"). Zajdel paid tribute to George Orwell's Newspeak and to Aldous Huxley by naming one of the main characters Nikor Orley Huxwell.
In the 1980s, the youth magazine Na Przełaj ("Short Cut") printed rock lyrics in a column titled KOALANG, hinting that the songs' texts contained content camouflaged from censorship.
# Daniel W. Bird Jr.

Daniel Woodrow Bird Jr. (born December 26, 1938) is an American attorney and politician who served as a member of the Virginia Senate from 1976 to 1992. He mounted an unsuccessful bid for Governor in 1989, dropping out and supporting Douglas Wilder before the Democratic primary.
His father, D. Woodrow Bird, served for many years in the General Assembly.
# Russian Tsunami Warning System

Russian tsunami warning system (Russian: Российская система предупреждения о цунами), also known as Russian tsunami warning service (Russian: Российская служба предупреждения о цунами), is a tsunami warning system in the Russian Far East which is operated and maintained by the Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences together with the Far Eastern Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute (Russian: Дальневосточный региональный научно-исследовательский гидрометеорологический институт (ДВНИГМИ)). It is subordinated to the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. The Russian tsunami warning system is known under the Russian acronym FP RSCHS-Tsunami (Russian: ФП РСЧС-Цунами).

## History

The Russian tsunami warning system development began in 1956 to 1959. This followed the tsunami and damage which occurred during the 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake. After this, a government decree was issued for the organization of a tsunami warning service. Since 1956, the seismic part of the work was carried out by the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk seismic station.
In 2003, following the creation of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations (RSChS; (Russian: РСЧС), the tsunami warning service received the status of a functional subsystem of the unified system with the acronym FP RSChS-Tsunami (Russian: ФП РСЧС-Цунами).
In the second half of 2000, the system began a modernization process which included the deployment of new buoys.

## Operations

The Russian tsunami warning system includes a network of seismological stations, a hydrophysical (level) network, tsunami warning centers, and a communication system for tsunami warnings. System components are located in Sovetskaya Gavan, Nevelsk, Rudnaya Pristan, Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Preobrazhenye, Uglegorsk, Poronaysk, Starodubskoye, Kholmsk, Korsakov, Cape Crillon, Yuzhno Kurilsk and Vodopadnaya.
# Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary

The Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary is located along the tidal Patuxent River in southern Maryland, United States. It was established in 1985 and is operated by the Anne Arundel County Department of Recreation and Parks. It includes more than 1,700 acres (6.9 km$^2$) of tidal freshwater wetlands, forests, meadows and fields. The wetlands, with large stands of aquatic plants including wild rice, are home to many birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. Miles of trails and boardwalks traverse a variety of habitats and provide glimpses into the rich history of the region. Notably, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of a large Native American settlement at Jug Bay which spanned 2 miles along the Patuxent, with the oldest arrowhead-like artifact dated between 8,000 and 8,900 years old.
In 1990, the Sanctuary became a component of the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System. The sanctuary is also recognized as a Nationally Important Bird Area by the American Bird Conservancy and the National Audubon Society. Jug Bay is located within the Atlantic Flyway and is a haven for more than 100 species of birds, including native and migratory waterfowl, songbirds, and raptors.
The goals of the sanctuary are to provide environmental education opportunities to the public, to conduct ecological research, and to conserve Jug Bay's unique ecosystem. Several hundred volunteers act as docents and guides to the public and assist with long-term ecological studies.
The sanctuary is located in Bristol, Maryland, 43 miles (69 km) from the mouth of the 115-mile (185 km) long river. The Wetlands Center is at 38°47′05″N 76°42′06″W﻿ / ﻿38.78472°N 76.70167°W﻿ / 38.78472; -76.70167, three miles (5 km) southeast of Upper Marlboro and six miles (10 km) west of Lothian, with a mailing address of 1361 Wrighton Road, Lothian, MD 20711. It is 17.5 miles (28.2 km) southwest of Annapolis and 19.5 miles (31.4 km) southeast of Washington, DC.

## McCann Wetlands Study Center

The McCann Wetlands Study Center houses interactive exhibits about wetlands, estuaries and the Patuxent River watershed, focusing on their importance and health, as well as the plants and animals that live there. The center also contains classroom lab facilities and a gift shop.

## The Friends of Jug Bay

The Friends of Jug Bay is a non-profit organization, incorporated in 1986, to support and promote the sanctuary. They foster activities that increase public appreciation of the natural environment of Jug Bay and the Patuxent River. The Friends receive funds from membership dues, donations, grants, fundraisers, and the sale of merchandise. There are over 400 member families. Some of the projects and activities supported by the Friends include research fellowships, summer camp scholarships and junior counselors, hospitality support, staff development, scientific and education equipment and materials, and other special projects.
# 1980 South Korean presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in South Korea on 27 August 1980 to fill the vacancy caused by President Choi Kyu-hah's resignation.
Under the 1972 Yushin Constitution, the president was elected by the National Conference for Unification, whose 2,540 members had been elected for a six-year term of office in December 1978. General Chun Doo-hwan was the only candidate, and was elected unopposed.
Chun was to serve for the remainder of the 1978–1984 term of longtime president Park Chung-hee, who had died in 1979 and been replaced by Choi. However, Chun subsequently decided to stage a coup and end the Fourth Republic and draft a new constitution, which was promulgated in October 1980 after being approved in a referendum. The first presidential election under the new constitution was held in February 1981, and Chun was elected by an overwhelming majority under controversial circumstances.

## Background

After the assassination of the military dictator President Park Chung-hee in October 1979, Prime Minister Choi Kyu-hah was elected president in the December 1979 elections. However, General Chun Doo-hwan staged the Coup d'état of December Twelfth and effectively took control of the government, making President Choi a figurehead. However, on 16 August 1980, following the Coup d'état of May Seventeenth, Chun removed Choi from office so he could become president himself.

## Results

In order to be elected, a candidate had to receive the vote of over 50% of the incumbent members of the National Conference for Unification. With 2,540 delegates present, Chun had to receive at least 1,271 votes to be elected. He received 2,524 votes, 99.37% of the total possible.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Chun Doo-hwan | Independent | 2,524 | 100.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 2,524 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,524 | 99.96 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 1 | 0.04 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,525 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,540 | 99.41 |

### Electors per region

| Region | Eligible electors | Vacancies | Total |
| Seoul | 388 | 3 | 391 |
| Busan | 145 | 0 | 145 |
| Gyeonggi | 315 | 4 | 319 |
| Gangwon | 148 | 3 | 151 |
| North Chungcheong | 129 | 2 | 131 |
| South Chungcheong | 229 | 6 | 235 |
| North Jeolla | 202 | 1 | 203 |
| South Jeolla | 308 | 4 | 312 |
| North Gyeongsang | 367 | 12 | 379 |
| South Gyeongsang | 282 | 8 | 290 |
| Jeju | 27 | 0 | 27 |
| Total | 2,540 | 43 | 2,583 |