OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mohammad Toaha

Mohammad Toaha (2 January 1922 – 29 November 1987) was a language activist of the 1952 language movement and a prominent left-wing politician from Bangladesh.

## Early life and education

Toaha was born on 2 January 1922 at Hajirhat village in Ramgati of Lakshmipur District. He finished his matriculation under Calcutta University in 1939. Later he received his MA in political science in 1948.

## Political career

Toaha participated as an activist in Sylhet Referendum under Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani in 1946. In 1947 he launched the East Pakistan Students Federation, the earliest left-wing student organisation in East Bengal. He was associated with the floating of Awami Muslim League in 1949.

### Bengali Language Movement

Toaha was first active during the initial stages of the Bengali language movement. On 11 March 1948, when a team led by Toaha went to Secretariat to give Khawaja Nazimuddin a memorandum, police arrested him. Later he was tortured by them and had to spend a week in the hospital for recovery. As one of the leaders of the Rashtrabhasha Shangram Committee (State Language Committee of Action), Toaha was used to take part in all the meeting with the government. He was also the VP of the Fazlul Haque Hall of Dhaka University. When Muhammad Ali Jinnah went there, Toaha submitted a memorandum to him about their language demand. He was also vocal at the government's attempt to write Bengali in Arabic script. He was the correspondent of Jubo League at Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrabhasha Kormoporishod (All-party Central Language Committee of Action). Later part of 1952, he was arrested for attachments in student politics.

### 1954–1970

After his release in 1954, he took part in the election that the United Front won. There he was elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly. In 1956 he floated a labour organization styled as Purba Pakistan Majdur Federation and was elected its president. In 1957, Toaha was associated with the National Awami Party of Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and was later elected its general secretary. With the promulgation of martial law by Ayub Khan in 1958, Toaha receded to underground politics. In 1969 he became one of the organizers of the anti-Ayub movement.

### Bangladesh Liberation War

Toaha along with communists Sukhendu Dastider and Abdul Haq of the East Pakistan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) refused to participate in the liberation war for Bangladesh.

### Post-liberation politics

After the independence of Bangladesh, a warrant was issued against him and he went into hiding. After the withdrawal of warrant in 1976 he came back to open politics. He was elected a member of the Jatiya Sangsad in 1979. In 1986, Toaha contested in the Jatiya Sangsad election as a nominee of 8-Party alliance.

## Death

Toaha died on 29 November 1987 at his native village of Hajirhat, Lakshmipur District.
# Daucus edulis

Daucus edulis (Portuguese: Cenoura-da-rocha) is a critically endangered species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae. It is endemic to Madeira.

## Description

Daucus edulis is a long-lived perennial plant, up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) in height. It has a hard woody unbranched stem with annual flowers and light yellowish-green, markedly shiny radial leaves, broadly triangular at the edges with pubescent petioles. It has scattered, paniculate inflorescences. Its fruits are 10–14 by 5–7 millimetres (0.39 in–0.55 in × 0.20 in–0.28 in), oblong to ellipsoid, pubescent and pale when ripe.
The species was previously known as Monizia edulis.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to Madeira Island and Deserta Grande Island and was once native to the Savage Islands. In 2008 its population was estimated to be around 50 individuals in a 226 square kilometres (87 sq mi) area. It extends from the Central Mountain Massif of Madeira and occupies rocky cliffs and terraces with soil accumulations up to 300 metres (980 ft) a.s.l. in Deserta Grande and up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) in Madeira.
It is mainly threatened by the introduction of exotic species, human collection, fires, droughts, storms, and landslides.
# Fraser Experimental Forest

The Fraser Experimental Forest is an outdoor research laboratory to study timber, water, wildlife management, and their integration in the high elevation subalpine coniferous forests. The experimental forest was established in 1937, and encompasses 9,328 hectares (36.02 sq mi). It is situated on the west side of the Continental Divide in north-central Colorado and includes the entire watershed of main Saint Louis Creek, a tributary of the Fraser River.
It is managed by the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the United States Forest Service and is located within the Arapaho National Forest. The forest was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1976, and was withdrawn from the UN reserve program as of June 14, 2017 at the request of the U.S. Government.

## Ecosystems

The Fraser Experimental Forest includes subalpine forests and alpine tundra typical of the central Rocky Mountains. In the forested areas below the timberline, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) are the predominant trees, at higher elevations, on north slopes, and along streams. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) is the predominant tree at lower elevations and on drier upper slopes. The majority of the forest was initiated after a fire in 1685. Pockets of older trees exist in draws and at higher elevations.

## Research

Fraser is one of few sites in the Rocky Mountains that maintains long-term records on hydrology, climate, forest structure and growth, and responses to forest management. Fraser provides the capacity for researchers to do whole-ecosystem manipulations in watersheds that are representative of high-elevation watersheds of southern and central Rockies.
Most early research was oriented toward timber or water cycle and production resulting from forest management. For this research, many long-term study plots were established in both lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce, and 7 watersheds were monitored for streamflow, climate and snow. Some of the records now exceed 60 years in length. Research on forest/wildlife interactions began in the 1950s. Biogeochemical studies began in the 1960s, were restarted in the 1970s, and have been continuous since 1982. Much of this work is done in cooperation with the National Park Service.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken from "UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory". "Licensing page".
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Forest Service.
# Daniel Byman

Daniel L. Byman (born 1967) is an American political scientist. His research focuses on terrorism, Counterterrorism and the Middle East. Byman is currently a professor in Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service and director of Georgetown's security studies program He is a former Vice-Dean of the school.
Byman is Senior Advisor to the U.S. Department of State as part of the International Security Advisory Board, a senior fellow with the Transnational Threats Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and the Foreign Policy Editor for Lawfare.
Byman played key roles in the post 9/11 intelligence committees and in many distinguished think tanks. He was a senior fellow at the Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution. He was also the research director of the Center for Middle East Public Policy at the RAND Corporation.
He is also the lead course instructor for Georgetown's massive open online course on Terrorism and Counter Terrorism.

## Education

Byman holds a BA from Amherst College and a PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Career

Byman was a professional staff member on both the 9/11 Commission and the Joint 9/11 Inquiry staff of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees.
Early in his career, he served as an analyst for the U.S. government.

## Publications

Byman's book Road Warriors: Foreign Fighters in the Armies of Jihad, published by Oxford University Press in 2019, provides a sweeping history of the jihadist foreign fighter movement. He also authored the book, Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know, published by Oxford University Press in 2015.
His most recent book is Spreading Hate: The White Power Movement Goes Global (Oxford, 2022).

## Selected bibliography

* Trends in Outside Support for Insurgent Movements. Rand Corporation. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8330-3052-8.
* Keeping the Peace: Lasting Solutions to Ethnic Conflicts. JHU Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-8018-6804-7.
* The Dynamics of Coercion: American Foreign Policy and the Limits of Military Might. w/ Matthew Waxman (co-author). Cambridge University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-521-00780-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
* Deadly Connections: States that Sponsor Terrorism. Cambridge University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-521-83973-0.
* Things fall apart: containing the spillover from an Iraqi civil war. w/ Kenneth M. Pollack (co-author). Brookings Institution Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-8157-1379-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
* A High Price:The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism. Oxford University Press, US. 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-983174-6.
* "The Wobbling Red Line in Syria", op-ed, New York Times. May 4, 2013. "Empty threats weaken America's credibility", regarding President Obama's "red line" comment on Syria's chemical weapons.
* Road Warriors: Foreign Fighters in the Armies of Jihad. Oxford University Press. 2019. ISBN 978-0-19-064651-6.
# 1924 WAAA Championships

The 1924 WAAA Championships were the second national track and field championships for women in the United Kingdom.
The event was held at the Woolwich Stadium on Woolwich Common, London, on 28 June 1924. The athletes competed in 12 events; up one event from the previous year with the addition of the discus throw.

## Results

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 100 yards | Eileen Edwards | 11.3 | Rose Thompson | 1 yd | Mary Lines | inches |
| 220 yards | Eileen Edwards | 27.6 | Vera Palmer | 2 yd | Rose Thompson | 2 yd |
| 440 yards | Vera Palmer | 65.2 | Edith Trickey | 67.4 | Alice Cast | 3 yd |
| 880 yards | Edith Trickey | 2:30.4 | Phyllis Hall | 2:41.8 | Ivy Wilson | 5 yd |
| 120 yards hurdles | Mary Lines | 18.4 | Daisy Wright | 5 yd | Peggy Batt | 1 yd |
| High jump | Sophie Eliott-Lynn | 1.448 | Sylvia Stone | 1.410 | Ivy J. Lowman | 1.397 |
| Long jump | Mary Lines | 5.17 | Gladys Elliott | 5.12 | Sylvia Stone | 4.84 |
| Shot put | Mary Weston | 16.17 | Beatrice Manton | 15.99 | Florence Birchenough | 15.61 |
| Discus throw | Florence Birchenough | 20.57 NR | Beatrice Manton | 20.11 | Sophie Eliott-Lynn | 19.60 |
| Two-Handed Javelin | Sophie Eliott-Lynn | 52.78 NR | Ivy Wilson | 38.52 | Beatrice Manton | 37.86 |
| 880 yards walk | Edith Trickey | 4:17.4 | Betty Keeling | 15 yd | Florence Faulkner | 5 yd |
| 660-yard relay | London Olympiad | 1.21.3/5 | | | | |
# Ludwig von Friedeburg

Ludwig von Friedeburg (21 May 1924 – 17 May 2010) was a German politician and sociologist and a German naval officer during World War II. He served as Minister for Education for the state of Hesse from 1969 until 1974. During that period he forced the installation of Comprehensive Schools in the state of Hesse, heavily opposed by the Christian Democratic Union. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
His father was Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, Commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine. During the last year of World War II, Ludwig von Friedeburg became the youngest U-boat-commander of Germany ever during war periods, aged only 20. He served as commander of U-155 and U-4710.
# Aylesby

Aylesby is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is situated near the A18 road, approximately 4 miles (6 km) west from Cleethorpes and north of Laceby. The population at the 2001 census was 135, increasing to 155 at the 2011 Census.

## History

The village's name in 1086 was Alesbi, and A.D. Mills in A Dictionary of British Place Names, gives its meaning as a 'Farmstead or village of a man called Áli’.
Aylesby has three entries in the Domesday Book and comprised 36 households with a tax assessment of 3.7 geld units.
A Post mill in Aylesby was operated by the Cistercians of Meaux Abbey, East Riding of Yorkshire, during the Middle Ages. Around 1300, the Cistercians gave the mill to the Austin Canons of Wellow Abbey, Grimsby.
In the east of the village are six Grade II* listed almshouses, built in 1925, in memory of F.W. McAulay who was killed during the First World War at Fonquervillers, France, on 21 May 1916.
In 1950, Major Harry Spilman, of Aylesby Manor, held the position of High Sheriff of Lincolnshire.

## St Lawrence's Church

Aylesby Grade I listed Anglican church is dedicated to St Lawrence. It has a Decorative chancel and Perpendicular tower. Its arcades to the nave, with circular bench tables around the piers, and font, are Early English. Simon de Luda was appointed rector in 1278 and, after his death, in early 1306, he was buried near the south door of the church. In the pavement of the church is a slab to rector John Martin (d. 1352). The pews were hand crafted in 1759 by James Harrison of Middle Rasen, brother of clockmaker John Harrison. The church is surrounded by three large sycamore trees and a large copper beech tree on the Southern curtilage.

## Agriculture

From the mid-1700s, the manor farm was known for its English Leicester sheep. In 1848, the farm was purchased by William Torr and, under his management, 'the Aylesby flocks and herds were sent to all parts of the United Kingdom and to the continent, the colonies, and even Japan'.
The village lies in a small vale. At each side of Aylesby are two farms: one to the east on the road to Great Coates, the other to the west on Nooking Lane; both farms cover the countryside surrounding the village. Towards the east fields give way to the fishing port of Grimsby; towards the west arable land rises to the Lincolnshire Wolds.
# Bees in His Bonnet

Bees in His Bonnet is a 1918 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd. It is presumed to be lost.

## Cast

* Harold Lloyd
* Snub Pollard
* Bebe Daniels
* William Blaisdell
* Sammy Brooks
* Lige Conley (as Lige Cromley)
* William Gillespie
* Helen Gilmore
* Bud Jamison
* Charles Stevenson
* Noah Young
# Clement Ikenna

Clement Ferdinard Chigozie Ikenna (born 16 March 2003) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays mainly as a defensive midfielder for Ukrainian Premier League club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, on loan from Levski Sofia.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 14 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Dubrava | 2022–23 | Prva NL | 29 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 3 |
| Dubrava | 2023–24 | Prva NL | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Levski Sofia | 2024–25 | First League | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 70 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 3 |
# Megalohyrax

Megalohyrax is an extinct hyrax-grouped genus of herbivorous mammal that lived during the Oligocene, about 33-30 million years ago. Its fossils have been found in Africa and in Asia Minor.

## Description

This animal was very different from the current hyraxes and much larger, generally reaching the size of a tapir and sometimes exceeding 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in length. The legs were strong and the body very massive. The skull was long and low, unlike that of today's hyraxes, and could reach 391 mm (15.4 in) in length. Length of upper premolars and molars is 75 mm (3.0 in) and 86 mm (3.4 in), respectively. The dental formula of Megalohyrax was composed of three incisors, one canine, four premolars and three molars. It likely had an eustachian sac, a pouch-like structure found in some mammals that is connected to the eustachian tube.

## Classification and habitats

It was first described by Andrews in 1903. The type species is Megalohyrax eocaenus, was found in the El Fayum area in Egypt. Other fossils attributed to this kind have been found in Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia.
# Harvey Hall

Harvey Hall may refer to:
* Harvey Hall (politician), American businessman and mayor of Bakersfield, California
* Harvey Hall (actor), English television and film actor
* Harvey Monroe Hall, American botanist
# Gijs de Vries

Gijsbert Marius "Gijs" de Vries (born 22 February 1956) is a retired Dutch-American politician and diplomat who served as State Secretary for the Interior and Kingdom Relations from 1998 to 2002 and European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator from 2004 until 2007. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) until 2010, when he joined the Democrats 66 (D66) party.

## Career

From 1984 to 1998, Gijs de Vries was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for three consecutive terms. From 1994 to 1998, he was chairman of the group of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party. He resigned from the European Parliament to become State Secretary for the Interior and Kingdom Relations under the Second Kok cabinet. He was later appointed the European Union's anti-terrorism coordinator from March 2004 to March 2007. As of September 2008, he was chairman of the European Security Research and Innovation Forum (ESRIF).
As the EU anti-terrorism coordinator, he worked for Javier Solana in the Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (PJCCM) pillar. Solana outlined his duties as being to streamline, organise and co-ordinate the EU and its members fight against terrorism.
He stood down from the post in March 2007, citing personal reasons, although it is commonly understood that the position's mandate did not have the necessary operational powers, as well as an overall reluctance within member states to supply information regarding anti-terror activities, even though the member states fully supported the establishment of the anti-terrorism coordinator after the 2004 Madrid train bombings. In September 2007, MEPs called for the post to be filled, having been vacant for six months, as well as for it to be given real powers to carry out the post's tasks. On 20 September 2007, the Belgian Gilles de Kerchove was appointed to succeed De Vries in the post.
Prior to 2010 De Vries had been a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). However, due to dissatisfaction at the VVD's decision to form the First Rutte cabinet, a minority government with the support of the Party for Freedom (PVV) led by nationalist Geert Wilders he left the party and joined the social-liberal Democrats 66 (D66) party then in opposition.

## Decorations

Honours :
| Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date | Comment |
| | Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau | Netherlands | 1 March 2007 | Elevated from Knight (10 December 2002) |
# Sandra Mansour

Sandra Mansour is a Swiss-born French-Lebanese fashion designer. She is the first Arab designer to collaborate with Swedish fashion label H&M.

## Early life and education

Mansour was born and raised in Geneva, Switzerland. Her parents fled from Lebanon to Switzerland during the Lebanese Civil War. She moved to Beirut with her parents at age thirteen, where she lived until she was eighteen. She moved back to Switzerland to study business management at Webster University Geneva. After graduating from Webster, Mansour pursued an arts degree from Beaux Arts in Geneva. She later trained in fashion design under Elie Saab. She obtained a master's degree in fashion design at the Istituto Marangoni in Paris.

## Career

Mansour founded her fashion house, named after her, in Beirut in 2010. She serves as the principal designer and the chief executive officer of the fashion label. Mansour's company mainly marketed to Middle Eastern and European clients until she partnered with Moda Operandi to expand the customer base.
In 2017 Mansour was named as an "international emerging designer", representing the Middle East, at the Buro Fashion Forward Initiative. She created a collection for Farfetch in collaboration with Buro 24/7.
Mansour's atelier and home were damaged in the 2020 Beirut explosion on 4 August 2020. In her Vogue interview regarding the explosion, she noted that the citizens in the streets helping each other afterwards gave her hope for Lebanon's future. She was in Geneva at the time of the explosion. Later that month she released the fashion line Fleur du Soleil as a collaboration with H&M. The line, which includes fifteen pieces, was scheduled to be released on 6 August but was postponed due to the explosion. The collection was inspired by woman artists including Toyen, Dorothea Tanning, Lena Leclercq, and Bibi Zogbé. Following the release of Fleur du Soleil, Sandra Mansour x H&M donated $100,000 from the proceeds to the Lebanese Red Cross. Mansour is the first Arab designer to partner with the Swedish fashion company.
Her Spring 2020 and 2021 ready-to-wear lines were featured in Vogue.
She has dressed celebrities including Sarah Jessica Parker, Cleo von Adelsheim, Ekaterina Malysheva, Gigi Hadid, Ming Xi, and Zoë Pastelle.
# AP NFL Assistant Coach of the Year award

The AP NFL Assistant Coach of the Year (ACOY) award is presented annually by the Associated Press (AP) to the top assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL). The winner is decided by votes from a nationwide panel of sportswriters who regularly report on the NFL. The ACOY is presented alongside seven other AP awards at the NFL Honors and was first awarded following the 2014 season at the 4th NFL Honors. It is the first new NFL award presented by the AP since the Comeback Player of the Year award was re-introduced in 1998. Though all coaches aside from head coaches are eligible, it has only been awarded to offensive or defensive coordinators so far.
Todd Bowles was the inaugural winner of the award and, following his award-winning season, was hired as the head coach of the New York Jets. Five other coaches—Vic Fangio, Ben Johnson, DeMeco Ryans, Kyle Shanahan, and Pat Shurmur—were hired to head coaching positions following the seasons for which they won the award. Two coaches—Brian Daboll and Dan Quinn—remained assistant coaches for at least another season after winning the award but were subsequently hired as head coaches. Brian Daboll is the only person to have been named both the AP NFL Coach of the Year and ACOY. Ben Johnson, the offensive coordinator for the 2024 Detroit Lions, is the most recent winner of the award.

## Winners

Legend :
| * | Denotes team won the Super Bowl that season |
Winners of the AP NFL Assistant Coach of the Year award :
| Season | Coach | Position | Team |
| 2014 | Todd Bowles | Defensive coordinator | Arizona Cardinals |
| 2015 | Wade Phillips | Defensive coordinator | Denver Broncos* |
| 2016 | Kyle Shanahan | Offensive coordinator | Atlanta Falcons |
| 2017 | Pat Shurmur | Offensive coordinator | Minnesota Vikings |
| 2018 | Vic Fangio | Defensive coordinator | Chicago Bears |
| 2019 | Greg Roman | Offensive coordinator | Baltimore Ravens |
| 2020 | Brian Daboll | Offensive coordinator | Buffalo Bills |
| 2021 | Dan Quinn | Defensive coordinator | Dallas Cowboys |
| 2022 | DeMeco Ryans | Defensive coordinator | San Francisco 49ers |
| 2023 | Jim Schwartz | Defensive coordinator | Cleveland Browns |
| 2024 | Ben Johnson | Offensive coordinator | Detroit Lions |