# 1991 Polish parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 27 October 1991 to elect deputies to both houses of the National Assembly. The 1991 election was notable on several counts. It was the first parliamentary election to be held since the formation of the Third Republic, the first entirely free and competitive legislative election since the fall of communism, the first completely free legislative election of any sort since 1928. Due to the collapse of the Solidarity political wing, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, the 1991 election saw deep political fragmentation, with a multitude of new parties and alliances emerging in its wake. Low voting thresholds within individual constituencies, along with a five percent national threshold allocated to a small portion of the Sejm, additionally contributed to party fragmentation. As a result, 29 political parties gained entry into the Sejm and 22 in the Senate, with no party holding a decisive majority. Two months of intense coalition negotiations followed, with Jan Olszewski of the Centre Agreement forming a minority government along with the Christian National Union, remnants of the broader Centre Civic Alliance, and the Peasants' Agreement, with conditional support from Polish People's Party, Solidarity list and other minor parties.
460 members of parliament (Polish: poseł) were elected; 391 from 6980 candidates from 37 regional lists of candidates and 69 from country-wide lists of candidates. In the Sejm elections, 27,517,280 citizens were eligible to vote, 11,887,949 (43.2%) of them cast their votes and 11,218,602 (94.4%) of the votes were counted as valid. In the Senate elections, 43.2% of citizens cast their votes, 96.5% were valid.
Elections were supervised by the National Electoral Commission (Polish: Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza). 37 regional (Polish: okręgowe) commissions were formed, and 22,341 district (Polish: obwodowe), staffed by 197,389 citizens.
A total of 111 parties contested the elections, of which 29 won parliamentary seats. The success of the satirical Polish Beer-Lovers' Party with 16 seats gained news coverage worldwide.

## Results
### Sejm

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Democratic Union | 1,382,051 | 12.32 | 62 |
| | Democratic Left Alliance | 1,344,820 | 11.99 | 60 |
| | Catholic Electoral Action | 980,304 | 8.74 | 49 |
| | Centre Civic Alliance | 977,344 | 8.71 | 44 |
| | Polish People's Party | 972,952 | 8.67 | 48 |
| | Confederation of Independent Poland | 841,738 | 7.50 | 46 |
| | Liberal Democratic Congress | 839,978 | 7.49 | 37 |
| | Peasants' Agreement | 613,626 | 5.47 | 28 |
| | Solidarity | 566,553 | 5.05 | 27 |
| | Polish Beer-Lovers' Party | 367,106 | 3.27 | 16 |
| | Christian Democracy | 265,179 | 2.36 | 5 |
| | Real Politics Union | 253,024 | 2.26 | 3 |
| | Labour Solidarity | 230,975 | 2.06 | 4 |
| | Democratic Party | 159,017 | 1.42 | 1 |
| | German Minority Electoral Committee | 132,059 | 1.18 | 7 |
| | Party of Christian Democrats | 125,314 | 1.12 | 4 |
| | Polish Ecological Party - Greens [pl] | 91,726 | 0.82 | 0 |
| | "Healthy Poland" - Ecological Alliance | 89,034 | 0.79 | 0 |
| | Freedom Party [pl] | 78,704 | 0.70 | 0 |
| | National Party | 74,082 | 0.66 | 0 |
| | Coalition of the Polish Ecological Party and Polish Greens Party [pl] | 71,043 | 0.63 | 0 |
| | Party X | 52,735 | 0.47 | 3 |
| | Democratic-Social Movement | 51,656 | 0.46 | 1 |
| | Ludowe Porozumienie Wyborcze "Piast" | 42,031 | 0.37 | 1 |
| | Silesian Autonomy Movement | 40,061 | 0.36 | 2 |
| | Christian-Peasant Bloc | 36,665 | 0.33 | 0 |
| | Christian-Social Movement "Covenant" [pl] | 30,092 | 0.27 | 0 |
| | Minority Electoral Bloc | 29,428 | 0.26 | 0 |
| | Solidarni z Prezydentem | 27,586 | 0.25 | 1 |
| | Związek Podhalan [pl] | 26,744 | 0.24 | 1 |
| | Polish Western Union | 26,053 | 0.23 | 4 |
| | Republican Coalition [pl] | 23,506 | 0.21 | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Union of Greater Poland [pl] | 23,188 | 0.21 | 1 |
| | Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Policemen [pl] | 22,444 | 0.20 | 0 |
| | Jedności Ludowej | 18,902 | 0.17 | 1 |
| | Craftsmanship and Petty Bourgeoisie | 14,089 | 0.13 | 0 |
| | Orthodox Electoral Committee | 13,788 | 0.12 | 1 |
| | "Solidarność 80" [pl] | 12,769 | 0.11 | 1 |
| | Self-Governing Republic Union | 11,955 | 0.11 | 0 |
| | NSZZ "Solidarność 80" [pl] | 11,297 | 0.10 | 0 |
| | Coalition of Female Circles | 10,587 | 0.09 | 0 |
| | Citizens' Committee in Tarnów | 9,704 | 0.09 | 0 |
| | Unia Wielkopolan [pl] | 9,019 | 0.08 | 1 |
| | Confederation of Private Employers | 8,446 | 0.08 | 0 |
| | List of Chairman Zbigniew Morawski | 8,379 | 0.07 | 0 |
| | Regional Electoral Forum | 7,724 | 0.07 | 0 |
| | German Minority "Reconciliation and Future" | 6,108 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Belarusian Electoral Committee | 6,081 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Greater Polish Self-Governing Coalition | 5,939 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Independent - Entrepreneurs | 5,604 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Tenants and Pensioners in Solidarity | 5,497 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Our Poland - Independents list | 5,472 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Radom Popular-Selfgoverning List | 5,318 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Polish National Community - Polish National Party [pl] | 5,262 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | Trade Union of PKP Machinists [pl] | 5,142 | 0.05 | 0 |
| | VICTORIA Party | 5,000 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Handicapped, Retirees and Pensioners | 4,955 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Citizens' Committees | 4,934 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Electoral Committee of Selfgoverning Gmina | 4,711 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Movement of Common Ownership | 4,648 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Citizens' Agreement with the "S" Delegation | 4,501 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Independent Farmers "Kłos" | 4,190 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | NSZZ "Solidarność" 80 im.ks.J.Popiełuszki [pl] | 4,073 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Nonpartisan List of Radom Voivodeship Gmina | 4,003 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Polish Union of Pensioners and the Handicapped in Legnica | 3,958 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Association of Catholic Families [pl] | 3,939 | 0.04 | 0 |
| | Nonpartisan List of Independents | 3,763 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Trade Unions in the Defence of Society | 3,759 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Agreement of Citizens' Committees | 3,611 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Polish Party of the Homeless | 3,491 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Movement in the Defence of Selfgovernance | 3,354 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Provincial Farmers' Self-Defence Committee | 3,247 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | God, Honor, Fatherland | 3,195 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Voters of Gmina in Kurpie | 3,060 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Social Committee for Defending the Rule of Law [pl] | 3,007 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Polish Society of War Veterans | 2,910 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Polish People's Christian Forum "Fatherland" [pl] | 2,902 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Lesser Polish Independent Electoral Committee | 2,786 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Wrocław Beyond Divisions | 2,743 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Wielkopolan Union | 2,718 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Regional Movement of Citizens' Committees in Zawiercie [pl] | 2,684 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Independent Entrepreneurship List | 2,632 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Conservative-Liberal Party | 2,578 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Selfgoverning Electoral Committee | 2,361 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Craftsmanship | 2,261 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | National Electoral Committee [pl] | 2,102 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Association 2000 | 2,044 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Polish Nursing Society [pl] | 1,934 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Northeastern Farming Association | 1,928 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Alliance of Women Against the Hardships of Life | 1,922 | 0.02 | 1 |
| | Bloc of Industry and Technical Circles | 1,914 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Polish Prosperity Party | 1,892 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | National-Liberal Movement | 1,818 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Mazowsze Electoral Union | 1,793 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Social Justice Party | 1,792 | 0.02 | 0 |
| | Movement "Rescue for Zagłębie" | 1,658 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Labour Movement Independents | 1,609 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Social-Military Voters' Forum "Baszta" | 1,475 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Polski Związek Działkowców [pl] | 1,464 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Independent Electoral Committee of Wielkopolan Women 91 | 1,345 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Labour Movement Independents | 1,329 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Self-Governance | 1,119 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Group of Independent Candidates | 1,075 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Independents '91 | 1,048 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | "Give Us a Chance" | 1,000 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | New Poland Movement | 967 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Polish Independence Party [pl] | 831 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Electoral Committee of PKPS Workers | 696 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Independent Social Association "WIS" | 694 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Firefighters' Social Electoral Committee | 671 | 0.01 | 0 |
| | Electoral Committee Polish Charity Society | 608 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 11,218,602 | 100.00 | 460 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 11,218,602 | 94.37 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 669,347 | 5.63 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 11,887,949 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 27,517,280 | 43.20 | |
| Source: National Electoral Commission |||||

#### By constituency

| No. | Constituency | Total seats | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won |
| No. | Constituency | Total seats | UD | SLD | WAK | PSL | KPN | POC | KLD | PL | KO "S" | PPPP | KWMN | Others |
| 1 | Warsaw I | 17 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | 1 | 3 | 3 | | | 1 | | 3 |
| 2 | Warsaw II | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | | | | | |
| 3 | Płock | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | |
| 4 | Łódź | 12 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | |
| 5 | Piotrków Trybunalski | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | | | |
| 6 | Konin | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | | |
| 7 | Radom | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | | | | |
| 8 | Kielce | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | |
| 9 | Częstochowa | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | | 1 | |
| 10 | Opole | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | | 3 | |
| 11 | Wroclaw | 12 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | |
| 12 | Wałbrzych | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | 1 | | |
| 13 | Jelenia Góra | 11 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | |
| 14 | Zielona Góra | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | 1 | | 1 |
| 15 | Kalisz | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | 1 | 1 | | | |
| 16 | Toruń | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | | 2 |
| 17 | Bydgoszcz | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | 2 |
| 18 | Poznań | 14 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 3 |
| 19 | Gorzów Wielkopolski | 10 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | | 1 |
| 20 | Szczecin | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | 1 |
| 21 | Koszalin | 9 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 1 | | | 3 |
| 22 | Gdańsk | 15 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | | |
| 23 | Olsztyn | 13 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 1 |
| 24 | Ostrołęka | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 2 | | | | 1 |
| 25 | Białystok | 12 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | | 2 |
| 26 | Siedlce | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 3 | | | | |
| 27 | Zamość | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | | | | |
| 28 | Lublin | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | |
| 29 | Rzeszów | 13 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 1 | | | 2 |
| 30 | Przemyśl | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | | |
| 31 | Tarnów | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | | | | | 2 |
| 32 | Nowy Sącz | 7 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | | | | 1 |
| 33 | Kraków | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | | 3 |
| 34 | Bielsko-Biała | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 1 |
| 35 | Sosnowiec | 10 | 1 | 2 | | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | |
| 36 | Katowice | 17 | 2 | 2 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 37 | Gliwice | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| National list | National list | 69 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
| Total | Total | 460 | 62 | 60 | 49 | 48 | 46 | 44 | 37 | 28 | 27 | 16 | 7 | 36 |
| Source: National Electoral Commission |||||||||||||||
* Voivodeships with winning majority.
* Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by electoral district.

### Senate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Democratic Union | 3,764,156 | 16.42 | 21 |
| | Democratic Left Alliance | 2,431,178 | 10.61 | 4 |
| | Solidarity | 2,219,160 | 9.68 | 11 |
| | Centre Civic Alliance | 2,071,045 | 9.04 | 9 |
| | Catholic Electoral Action | 1,995,866 | 8.71 | 9 |
| | Polish People's Party | 1,691,566 | 7.38 | 7 |
| | Liberal Democratic Congress | 1,497,718 | 6.53 | 6 |
| | Confederation of Independent Poland | 1,071,364 | 4.67 | 4 |
| | Peasants' Agreement | 719,778 | 3.14 | 5 |
| | Party of Christian Democrats | 507,722 | 2.22 | 3 |
| | Democratic Party | 453,721 | 1.98 | 0 |
| | Party X | 417,857 | 1.82 | 0 |
| | Real Politics Union | 371,891 | 1.62 | 0 |
| | Local lists and independents | 3,708,344 | 16.18 | 21 |
| Total | Total | 22,921,366 | 100.00 | 100 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 11,474,846 | 96.53 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 413,019 | 3.47 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 11,887,865 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 27,517,280 | 43.20 | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||||

#### By voivodeship

| Voivodeship | Total seats | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won |
| Voivodeship | Total seats | UD | KO "S" | POC | WAK | PSL | KLD | PL | SLD | KPN | PChD | Others |
| Biała Podlaska | 2 | | | | | 1 | 1 | | | | | |
| Białystok | 2 | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Bielsko | 2 | | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | |
| Bydgoszcz | 2 | | 1 | | | | 1 | | | | | |
| Chełm | 2 | | 1 | | | 1 | | | | | | |
| Ciechanów | 2 | | | | | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| Częstochowa | 2 | | | | | | | | 1 | 1 | | |
| Elbląg | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | 1 | | | |
| Gdańsk | 2 | | 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Gorzów | 2 | 1 | | | 1 | | | | | | | |
| Jelenia Góra | 2 | 1 | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
| Kalisz | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Katowice | 3 | | 1 | 1 | | | | | | 1 | | |
| Kielce | 2 | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| Konin | 2 | | | | | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| Koszalin | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Kraków | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| Krosno | 2 | | | 1 | | | | 1 | | | | |
| Legnica | 2 | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| Leszno | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Lublin | 2 | | 1 | | | | | | | 1 | | |
| Łomża | 2 | | | | 2 | | | | | | | |
| Łódź | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | | | | 1 |
| Nowy Sącz | 2 | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | |
| Olsztyn | 2 | 1 | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
| Opole | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Ostrołęka | 2 | | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | | |
| Piła | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| Piotrków | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | | | | 1 |
| Płock | 2 | | | | | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| Poznań | 2 | 1 | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
| Przemyśl | 2 | | | 1 | | | | | | 1 | | |
| Radom | 2 | | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | |
| Rzeszów | 2 | | | | | | | 1 | | | | 1 |
| Siedlce | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | | | | |
| Sieradz | 2 | | | | | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| Skierniewice | 2 | | | | | 1 | | 1 | | | | |
| Słupsk | 2 | 1 | | | | 1 | | | | | | |
| Suwałki | 2 | | | | 1 | | 1 | | | | | |
| Szczecin | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| Tarnobrzeg | 2 | | 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Tarnów | 2 | | | | | | | | | | 1 | 1 |
| Toruń | 2 | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| Wałbrzych | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Warsaw | 3 | 2 | | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| Włocławek | 2 | | | | | | | | 2 | | | |
| Wrocław | 2 | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| Zamość | 2 | | | | | | | 1 | | | | 1 |
| Zielona Góra | 2 | | | | | | | | | | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 100 | 21 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 18 |
| Source: National Electoral Commission |||||||||||||