# Vetus Latina manuscripts

Vetus Latina manuscripts are handwritten copies of the earliest Latin translations of the Bible (including the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, the Deuterocanonical books, and the New Testament), known as the "Vetus Latina" or "Old Latin". They originated prior to Jerome from multiple translators, and differ from Vulgate manuscripts which follow the late-4th-century Latin translation mainly done by Jerome.
Vetus Latina and Vulgate manuscripts continued to be copied alongside each other until the Late Middle Ages; many copies of the Bible or parts of it have been found using a mixture of Vetus Latina and Vulgate readings.

## Studies

Textual critics such as the Cambridge scholars Alan Brooke, Norman McLean and Henry S. J. Thackeray (1906–1935, 8 volumes) have used the blackletter (𝕷) as a sign (known as a siglum) for categorising Vetus Latina manuscripts. David L. Everson (2014) used "OL" (an abbreviation of "Old Latin") as siglum instead.
In 1949, the Vetus-Latina-Institut of Beuron Archabbey introduced a new numerical system for Vetus Latina manuscripts, of which there are several hundreds altogether. These Beuron numbers are designed to provide unambiguous identification of witnesses in academic usage, yet they are not used very widely in general literature, as they may cause confusion with the Greek minuscule manuscripts.
The Vetus-Latina-Institut allocated numbers up to 99 to all existing Vetus Latina manuscripts of the New Testament, depending on what parts of NT they include, and how old their text is. The lowest numbers are allocated to the gospels, and to the most complete manuscripts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g$^1$) is a witness for the Gospel of Matthew and sparingly in the remaining gospels (Gosp), and four Old Testament Books, and as it is a full manuscript of the Bible is allocated number 7.$^{:+213-214}$
* Manuscripts 1-49 are witnesses to one or more Gospels.
* Manuscripts 50-74 are witnesses to Acts, General epistles or the Book of Revelation (Rev).
* Manuscripts 75-89 are witnesses to Pauline epistles (Paul).
* Manuscripts 91-96 are glosses in Spanish Bibles.
From Beuron no. #100 onwards, most Vetus Latina manuscripts are of the Old Testament, the Psalter, and the Apocrypha. There is occasional overlap between them, for example Old Testament glosses found in Spanish Bibles, or when a manuscript contains both Old and New Testament texts.

## Old Testament

* Dates are estimated to the nearest 50 year increment.
* Beu indicates the number of the manuscript according to the Beuron system of the Vetus-Latina-Institut.
Unless specified otherwise, details in the below taken from Fitzmyer, Tobit.
| Beu | s. | Name | Date | Contents | Editor | Custodian | Location |
| 7 | G | Codex Sangermanensis 4 fonds lat. 11553 | 825 | Tobit 1:1–13:2 | Petrus Sabatier [fr] Brooke et al. | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris, France |
| 91 133 | L | Codex Gothicus Legionensis glosses$^{:1}$ | 960$^{:1}$ | Genesis (fragments) Tobit$^{:1}$ Judith$^{:1}$ | Sancho (author)$^{:1}$ Alban Dold &$^{:1}$ J. Schildenberger$^{:1}$ | Basilica of San Isidoro | León, Spain |
| 94 | | Valvanera Polyglot Bible glosses copy | 772$^{:2}$ 1561$^{:2}$ | Heptateuch Rg Par Jb Prv Ecl Sap Is Mcc Cath Apc (fragments)$^{:4}$ | Hernando del Castillo [es]$^{:2–4}$ Dold & Schildenberger$^{:4}$ | Incunable Escorial 54.V.35 | Madrid, Spain |
| 95 | | Madrid glosses | 1150 | Genesis (fragments) | | Real Academia de la Historia 2–3 | Madrid, Spain |
| 96$^{:5}$ | | Calahorra Codex 2 glosses$^{:5}$ | 1183$^{:5}$ | Exodus–Chron., Job (fragm.)$^{:5}$ | –$^{:5}$ | Calahorra Cathedral$^{:5}$ | Calahorra, Spain$^{:5}$ |
| 100 | OL$^L$ 𝔏$^r$ | Codex Lugdunensis Lyons Octateuch | 650 | Gen–Lev; Deut–Judges$^{:6–7}$ Exodus (695 vv.) | Ulysse Robert | Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon$^{:5}$ | Lyon, France |
| 101 115 | OL$^V$ 𝔏$^b$ | Vienna Palimpsest Palimpsestus Vindobonensis | 450 | Gen–Lev (fragments)$^{:8–9}$ 1 Samuel 1–14 (partial) 2 Samuel 4–18 (partial) | Johannes Belsheim Bonifatius Fischer | Biblioteca Nazionale$^{:7}$ | Naples, Italy |
| 102 | OL$^O$ | Codex Ottobonianus lat. 66 | 700 | Gen–Judges Vg/OL mixture$^{:10}$ | Carlo Vercellone | Vatican Library | Vatican City |
| 103 | OL$^W$ 𝔏$^w$ | Würzburg Palimpsest Palimpsestus Wirceburgensis | 450 | Exodus (503 vv.) | Ernst Ranke | Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg$^{:10}$ | Würzburg, Germany |
| 104 | OL$^M$ 𝔏$^z$ | Munich Palimpsest Monacensis Clm 6225 | 550 | Exodus–Deuteronomy (609 vv. of Exodus) | Leo Ziegler | Bavarian State Library | Munich, Germany |
| 105 | 𝔓 Oxy. 1073 | Oxyrhynchus Papyrus VIII 1073$^{:12}$ | 450 | Genesis 5:4–13, 5:29–6:2$^{:13}$ | | British Museum; Inv. 2052 | London, UK |
| 109 | X | Codex Complutensis I | 850 | Tobit | F. Vattioni | Complutense University Biblioteca Centr. 31 | Madrid, Spain |
| 111 | | Oxford pericopes | 825$^{:13}$ | Gen, Exo, Deut, Songs, Psalm 41, Is, Minor Prophets$^{:13}$ | | Bodleian Library; Auct. F.4.32 | Oxford, UK |
| 116 | 𝔏$^m$ | Magdeburg fragment | | 2 Samuel 2:29–3:5 | Wilhelm Weissbrodt [de] | | |
| 116 | 𝔏$^q$ | Quedlinburg Itala fragment | 450 | 1 Samuel 5:9–6:12 1 Samuel 9:1–8, 10:10–18 | Adalbert Düning Wilhelm Weissbrodt [de] | Berlin State Library Quedlinburg Abbey | Berlin, Germany Quedlinburg, Germany |
| 130 | M | Codex Monacensis Clm 6239 | 800 | Tobit, Judith, Esther | Johannes Belsheim | Bavarian State Library | Munich, Germany |
| 135 | J | Codex Bobbiensis E.26 | 875 | Tobit, Esther 1–2, 2 Macc. | Antonio Maria Ceriani | Biblioteca Ambrosiana | Milan, Italy |
| 145 | C | Codex Reginensis lat. 7 | 850 | Tobit 1:1–6:12 | Petrus Sabatier [fr] Brooke et al. | Vatican Library | Vatican City |
| 148 | Q | Codex Regius fonds lat. 93 or Regius 3564 | 850 | Tobit | Petrus Sabatier [fr] Brooke et al. | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris, France |
| 150 | P | Codex Corbeiensis fonds lat. 11505 | 822 | Tobit | Petrus Sabatier [fr] Brooke et al. | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris, France |
| 253 | 𝔏$^e$ | Einsiedeln fragment | 1420 | 1 Samuel 2:3–10 | S. Berger (1893) | Einsiedeln Abbey | Einsiedeln, Switzerland |
| | 𝔏$^h$ | Haupt fragments | | 2 Samuel 10:18–11:17, 14:17–30 | Joseph Haupt | | |
| | 𝔏$^j$ | Julius Toletanus fragment | | 2 Samuel 24:11–16 | Carlo Vercellone | | |

### Editions

| s. | Name | Date | Contents | Editor | Location |
| OL$^{Sb}$ 𝔏$^s$ | Bibliorum sacrorum latinae versiones antiquae | 1750 | Entire Bible | Petrus Sabatier [fr] | Paris |
| 𝔏$^v$ | Variae lectiones Vulgatae latinae editionis Bibliorum | 1860–64 | | Carlo Vercellone | Rome |
| | Vetus Latina: die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel | 1945–present | Entire Bible (half completed, in progress) Genesis 1951–1954 Ruth 2005 Esra I 2008–2016 Judith 2001–2020 Hester 2003–2008 Canticum Canticorum 1992 Sapientia Salomonis 1977–1985 Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) 1987–2005 Esaias 1987–1997 Danihel 2021–2022 | Vetus-Latina-Institut | Beuron |

## New Testament

The table below employs the following conventions.
* Dates are estimated to the nearest 50-year increment (but 'first half of 5th century' = '425', 'second half of 5th century' = '475').
* Content is given to the nearest book (or sometimes chapter); verses and lacunae are not listed.
* Editions are those consulted by UBS4; in many cases, better editions are also available.
* Locations are given in anglicised form, unless linked to sources in other languages.
* Manuscripts will sometimes be referred to as "it" followed by the siglum.
* Beu indicates the number of the manuscript according to the Beuron system of the Vetus-Latina-Institut.
Unless specified otherwise, details taken from Piggin, The Original Beuron Numbers of 1949.
| Beu | s. | Name | Date | Contents | Editor | Custodian | City, State | Country |
| 1 | k | Codex Bobiensis | 350 | Matthew; Mark | Jülicher | Turin National University Library | Turin | Italy |
| 2 | e | Codex Palatinus | 350 | Gospels | Jülicher | Buonconsiglio Castle (Ms 1589) Trinity College Dublin (MS 1709) British Library (Add. MS 40107) | Trento Dublin London | Italy Ireland United Kingdom |
| 3 | a | Codex Vercellensis | 375 | Gospels | Jülicher | Vercelli Cathedral Library | Vercelli | Italy |
| 4 | b | Codex Veronensis | 500 | Gospels | Jülicher | Verona Cathedral Library | Verona | Italy |
| 5 | d | Codex Bezae | 400 | Gosp; Acts; 3J | Jülicher | Cambridge University Library | Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 6 | c | Codex Colbertinus | 1200 | Gosp; Acts; 3J | Jülicher | National Library of France (lat. 254) | Paris | France |
| 7 | g$^1$ | Codex Sangermanensis I | 800 | Matthew, OT parts | Sabatier | National Library of France (lat. 11553) | Paris | France |
| 8 | ff$^2$ | Codex Corbeiensis II | 450 | Gospels | Jülicher | National Library of France (lat. 17225) | Paris | France |
| 9 | ff$^1$ | Codex Corbeiensis I | 950 | Matthew | Jülicher | Russian National Library | Saint Petersburg | Russia |
| 10 | f | Codex Brixianus | 525 | Gospels | Jülicher | Biblioteca Queriniana | Brescia | Italy |
| 11 | l | Codex Rehdigeranus | 700 | Gospels | Jülicher | Berlin State Library (Depot Breslau 3) | Berlin | Germany |
| 12 | h | Codex Claromontanus V | 500 | Matthew; Rev | Jülicher | Vatican Library | Vatican City | Vatican City |
| 13 | q | Frisingensia Fragmenta 24 Frisingensis/Monacensis | 650 | Gospels | Jülicher | Bavarian State Library (clm 6224) Frising. 24 | Munich | Germany |
| 14 | r$^1$ | Codex Usserianus Primus | 600 | Gospels | Jülicher | Trinity College Dublin | Dublin | Ireland |
| 15 | aur | Stockholm Codex Aureus Aureus Holmiensis | 650 | Gospels | Jülicher | National Library of Sweden | Stockholm | Sweden |
| 16 | n | Codex Curiensis Fragmenta Curiensa a$^2$ | 450 | Luke 11; 13 | Jülicher | Rätisches Museum | Chur | Switzerland |
| 16 | n | Codex Sangallensis 1394 II | 450 | Gospels | Jülicher | Abbey library of Saint Gall Cod. Sang. 1394 II p. 50–89 | St. Gallen | Switzerland |
| 16 | n | Codex Sangallensis 1394 III Fragmentum Sangallense | 450 | Mark 16:14–20 | Jülicher | Abbey library of Saint Gall Cod. Sang. 1394 III p. 91–92 | St. Gallen | Switzerland |
| 17 | i | Vindobonensis Lat. 1235 | 600 | Mark; Luke | Jülicher | National Library of Naples | Naples | Italy |
| 18 | w π | Fragmenta Stuttgartensia Fragmenta Weingartensia Fragmenta Constantiensia | 650 | Gospel pericope fragments | Jülicher | | Stuttgart Darmstadt Donaueschingen | Germany |
| 19 | t | Fragmenta Bernensia | 550 | Mark 1–3 | Jülicher | Bern University Library | Bern | Switzerland |
| 20 | p | Codex Sangallensis 1395 VII | 750 | John 11 | Jülicher | Abbey library of Saint Gall | St. Gallen | Switzerland |
| 21 | s | Codex Ambrosianus O. 210 sup. | 600 | Luke 17–21 | Jülicher | Ambrose Library | Milan | Italy |
| 22 | j z | Codex Sarzanensis | 500 | Luke 24, John | Jülicher | | Sarezzano | Italy |
| 23 | | Papyrus 2aE. | 450 | John 7 | | Aberdeen University Library | Aberdeen | United Kingdom |
| 24 | ρ | Codex Ambrosianus M. 12 sup., Palimpsest | 700 | John 13 | Jülicher | Ambrose Library | Milan | Italy |
| 25 | v | Vindobonensis Lat. 502 | 650 | John 19–20 | Jülicher | Austrian National Library | Vienna | Austria |
| 26 | | Codex Carinthianus | 650 | Luke 1–2 | Jülicher | Saint Paul's Abbey, Lavanttal | Sankt Paul | Austria |
| 27 | δ | Codex Sangallensis 48 | 850 | Four Gospels | Jülicher | Abbey library of Saint Gall | St. Gallen | Switzerland |
| 28 | r$^2$ | Codex Usserianus II | 800 | Gospels | Jülicher | Trinity College Dublin | Dublin | Ireland |
| 29 | g$^2$ | Codex Sangermanensis II fond lat. 13169 | 950 | Gospels | Sabatier | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 30 | gat | Codex Gatianum | 750 | Gospels | | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 32 | | Lectionary | 500 | OT/NT Vg/VL mix | — | Duke Augustus Library | Wolfenbüttel | Germany |
| 34 | | Pericope | | John 1 | — | Grottaferrata Abbey | Grottaferrata | Germany |
| 35 | μ | Book of Mulling | 800 | Gospels | — | Trinity College Dublin | Dublin | Ireland |
| 47 | Hu | Codex Sangallensis 60 | 800 | John | Jülicher | Abbey library of Saint Gall | St. Gallen | Switzerland |
| 48 | Hs | Codex Sangallensis 51 | 800 | Matthew | Jülicher | Abbey library of Saint Gall | St. Gallen | Switzerland |
| 50 | e | Codex Laudianus | 550 | Acts | Tischendorf | Bodleian Library | Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 51 | gig | Codex Gigas | 1250 | Acts; Rev | Wordsworth | National Library of Sweden | Stockholm | Sweden |
| 52 | g$^2$ | Codex Mediolanensis | 775 | Acts 6-7 | | Biblioteca Ambrosiana | Milan | Italy |
| 53 | s | Codex Bobiensis | 550 | Acts; Cath | White | National Library of Naples | Naples | Italy |
| 54 | p | | 1250 | Acts; Cath | Wordsworth | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 55 | h | Codex Floriacensis Palimpsestus Floriacensis | 450 | Acts; Cath; Rev | Buchanan | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 56 | t | Liber Comicus | 1050 | Acts; Paul; Cath; Rev | Morin | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 57 | r | Codex Schlettstadtensis | 700 | Acts | Morin | Humanist Library of Sélestat | Sélestat | France |
| 58 | w | — | 1450 | Acts | — | Bibliothek Stolberg | Wernigerode | Germany |
| 59 | dem | Codex Demidovianus | 1250 | Acts; Paul; Cath | Matthaei | lost | | Russia |
| 61 | D | Book of Armagh | 800 | Acts | Gwynn | Trinity College Dublin | Dublin | Ireland |
| 62 | r | Biblia de Rosas latin 6, 1–4 | 950 | Acts | - | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 63 | | Ms. 146 | 1150 | Acts | Sanders | University of Michigan Library | Ann Arbor, Michigan | United States |
| 64 | q | Codex Monacensis | 700 | Cath | Bruyne | Bavarian State Library clm 6220, 6230,6277,6317,28135 | Munich | Germany |
| 64 | r | Frisingensia Fragmenta 236 | 700 | Cath | — | Bavarian State Library clm 6436 (Frising. 236) | Munich | Germany |
| 64 | r$^3$ | Codex Monacensis | 700 | Paul | Bruyne | Bavarian State Library clm 6220, 6230,6277,6317,28135 | Munich | Germany |
| 65 | z | Harley 1772 | 750 | Cath, Paul, Rev | Buchanan | British Library | London | United Kingdom |
| 66 | ff | Codex Corbiensis | 1000 | James | Wordsworth | Russian National Library | Saint Petersburg | Russia |
| 67 | | León palimpsest | 650 | Cath, 1–{2 Mcc | Fischer | León Cathedral Archive | León | Spain |
| 75 | d | Codex Claromontanus | 500 | Paul | Tischendorf | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 76 | e | Codex Sangermanensis | 850 | Paul | Tischendorf | Russian National Library | Saint Petersburg | Russia |
| 77 | g | Codex Boernerianus | 850 | Paul | Matthaei | Saxon State Library | Dresden | Germany |
| 78 | f | Codex Augiensis | 850 | Paul | Scrivener | Trinity College, Cambridge | Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 79 | w gue | Codex Carolinus Guelferbytanus 64 palimp. | 550 | Romans† | Tischendorf | Duke Augustus Library | Wolfenbüttel | Germany |
| 80 | p | — | 550 | Romans 5–6† | — | University Library Heidelberg | Heidelberg | Germany |
| 81 | v | Codex Parisiensis fond lat. 653 | 800 | Heb | Souter | National Library of France | Paris | France |
| 82 | | — | 850 | Hebrews | — | Bavarian State Library | Munich | Germany |
| 83 | w | Codex Waldeccensis | 1050 | Paul | Schultze | City archives Mengeringhausen | Mengeringhausen | Germany |

### Editions
#### by editor

For precision, publication data is given in the language of the title page of the edition. To make this information comprehensible to the English language reader, links are provided to English language article titles, where necessary and possible.
When a single editor is responsible for more than one edition, these are listed in alphabetical order of the sigla of the relevant manuscripts. In such cases, if the manuscript is not readily identifiable from the title, its name (siglum and number) are appended after the citation.
* Buchanan, Edgar S. The Epistles and Apocalypse from the Codex Harleianus. Sacred Latin Texts 1. London, 1912.
* Buchanan, Edgar S. The Four Gospels from the Codex Corbeiensis, together with fragments of the Catholic Epistles, of the Acts and of the Apocalypse from the Fleury Palimpsest. Old Latin Biblical Texts 5. Oxford, 1907. [Codex Floriacensis (h 55)]
* Bruyne, Donatien de. Les Fragments de Freising— épitres de S. Paul et épttres catholiques. Collectanea Biblica Latina 5. Rome, 1921. (in French)
* Fischer, Bonifatius. Ein neuer Zeuge zum westlichen Text der Apostelgeschichte. Pages 33–63 in J. Neville Birdsall and R.W. Thomson (eds). Biblical and Patristic Studies in Memory of Robert Pierce Casey. Freiburg im Breisgau: Verlag Herder, 1963. (in German)
* Frede, HJ. Altlateinische Paulus-Handschriften. Freiburg im Breisgau: Verlag Herder, 1964. (in German)
* Gwynn, John. Liber Ardmachanus: The Book of Armagh. Dublin, 1913.
* Jülicher, Adolf, Walter Matzkow and Kurt Aland (eds). Itala: Das Neue Testament in altlateinischer Überliefung. 4 volumes [Matthew–John]. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter and Company, 1938–1972. (in German)
* Matthaei, C. F., Novum Testamentum, XII, tomis distinctum Graece et Latine. Textum denuo recensuit, varias lectiones nunquam antea vulgatas ex centum codicibus MSS.... 12 volumes. Rigae, 1782-1788. (in Latin)
* Matthaei, C. F., Novum Testamentum, XIII. Epistolarum Pauli Codex Graecus cum versione Latino veteri vulgo Antehieronymiana olim Buernerianus nunc Bibliothecae Electoralis Dresdeiisis ... Lipsiae, 1791. (in Latin)
* Morin, Germain. Études, textes, découvertes. Contributions a la littérature et a l'histoire des douze premiers siècles. Anecdota Maredsolana, 2e Série 1. Paris: Abbaye de Maredsous, 1913. (in French) [Codex Schlettstadtensis (r 57)]
* Morin, Germain. Liber Comicus sive Lectionarius missae quo Toletana Ecclesia ante annos mille et ducentos utebatur. Anecdota Maredsolana 1. Marodsoli, 1893. (in French)
* Sanders, HA. 'The Text of Acts in Ms. 146 of the University of Michigan'. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 77 (1937): –.
* de:Schultze, Victor. Codex Waldeccensis. München, 1904.
* Scrivener, FHA. An Exact Transcript of the Codex Augiensis. Cambridge and London, 1859.
* Souter, Alexander. Miscellanea Ehrle 1. Studi e Testi 137. Roma, 1924.
* Tischendorf, Constantin von. Codex Claromontanus. Lipsiae, 1852.
* Tischendorf, Constantin von. Codex Laudianus, sive Actus apostolorum Graeces et Latine. Monumenta sacra inedita, nova collectio 9. Lipsiae, 1870.
* Tischendorf, Constantin von. Anecdota Sacra et Profana. Editio repetita, emendata, aucta. Lipsiae, 1861. [Codex Guelferbytanus (gue 79)]
* White, Henry Julian. Portions of the Acts of the Apostles, of the Epistles of St. James, and of the First Epistle of St. Peter from the Bobbio Palimpsest. Old Latin Biblical Texts 4. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1897.