OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zulema Yoma

Zulema Fátima Yoma (born 18 December 1942) was the First Lady of Argentina from 1989 until 1991, when she divorced then President Carlos Menem.

## Biography

A native of Nonogasta in La Rioja Province, Yoma was married for twenty-five years (1966–91) to Carlos Saúl Menem, who served as President of Argentina from July 1989 to December 1999. Her parents were Syrian Muslims, as Menem's were. Yoma and Menem had two children, a son, Carlos Saúl Facundo Menem Yoma, who died in a helicopter crash in 1995, and a daughter, Zulemita, who, following her parents' divorce in 1991, fulfilled the role of First Lady at formal occasions for the remaining eight years of her father's presidency.

## Controversies

Her son, Carlos Saúl Facundo Menem, died in a helicopter crash in 1995. Although the crash was ruled an accident, there are conspiracy theories that say he was actually murdered, of which Zulema Yoma and her daughter Zulemita are convinced. Yoma felt her son's death was politically motivated and even stated that the corpse buried in the tomb of the Islamic cemetery is not that of her son, requesting an exhumation.
Her son had an illegitimate daughter named Antonella Pinetta, who was born in 1988. Yoma did not recognize her as her granddaughter and refused to have her DNA examined, requesting that the test should be matched from the body of her son, to support her request for the exhumation of the body. While President Menem agreed to participate in the DNA testing, he refused to proceed with the exhumation.
# PB-6 Duki

PB-6 Duki (پی بی-6 دوکی) is a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PB-6 Duki :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PML(N) | Sardar Masood Ali Khan Luni | 10,862 | 21.88 |
| | Independent | Sardar Muhammad Anwar Khan Nasar | 10,037 | 20.22 |
| | JUI (F) | Yahya Khan Nasir | 8,332 | 16.79 |
| | Independent | Azam Khan Tareen | 7,304 | 14.71 |
| | PMAP | Sardar Muhammad Shafiq Tareen | 7,097 | 14.30 |
| | IPP | Yahya Khan | 1,891 | 3.81 |
| | Independent | Muhammad Ashraf | 1,331 | 2.68 |
| | Others | Others (thirty four candidates) | 2,787 | 5.61 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 50,993 | 78.78 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 49,641 | 97.35 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 1,352 | 2.65 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 825 | 1.66 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 64,728 | |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |
# Amir Gulistan Janjua

Amir Gulistan Janjua (14 August 1925 – 19 February 2019) was a military officer who served as a governor of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. He also served as the ambassador to UAE, Nepal and Saudi Arabia.

## Early life and family

He was born on 14 August 1925 in village Gorha Rajgan, Chakwal District. His father, Raja Feroz Khan Janjua, then a Havildar of the 56th Punjabi Rifles (Frontier Force), upon hearing the birth news of the son at Fort Lockhart, shared this news with a local Malik. The Malik looked jubilantly at Fort Gulistan and said, “Amir of Gulistan has arrived ”. So, the child was named Amir Gulistan.
He was awarded Sitara-e-Quaid-e-Azam and Tamgha-e-Pakistan, Nishan-e-Taj (Iran), Grand Order of Kokab (Jordan) and Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu (Nepal).
Janjua died on 19 February 2019 in Rawalpindi.

## Awards and decorations

| Sitara-e-Quaid-e-Azam (Star of the Great Leader) (SQA) | Tamgha-e-Pakistan (Medal of Pakistan) (T.Pk) | Tamgha-e-Pakistan (Medal of Pakistan) (T.Pk) | Tamgha-e-Diffa (General Service Medal) 1. 1965 War Clasp 2. 1971 War Clasp |
| Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War (War Star 1965) | Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War (War Star 1971) | Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War (War Medal 1965) | Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War (War Medal 1971) |
| Pakistan Tamgha (Pakistan Medal) | Tamgha-e-Jamhuria (Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956 | 1939-1945 Star | Burma Star |
| War Medal 1939–1945 | India Service Medal 1939–1945 | Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953) | Order of the Crown (Pahlavi Iran) |
| Order of the Star of Jordan | Medal for the Silver Jubilee 1977 (Jordan) | King Birendra Coronation Medal (1975) | Order of the Gorkha Dakshina Bahu (Nepal) |

### Foreign Decorations

Foreign Awards :
| UK | 1939-1945 Star |
| | Burma Star |
| | War Medal 1939-1945 |
| | India Service Medal 1939–1945 |
| | Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal |
| Pahlavi Iran | Order of the Crown |
| Jordan | Order of the Star of Jordan |
| Jordan | Medal for the Silver Jubilee 1977 |
| Nepal | King Birendra Coronation Medal |
| Nepal | Order of the Gorkha Dakshina Bahu |
# Dunedin College of Education

The Dunedin College of Education (Te Kura Akau Taitoka, also known as Dunedin Teachers' College) was a former teacher training college in Dunedin, New Zealand. Founded in 1876, the college was the oldest teacher training college in New Zealand. In 2006, it merged with the University of Otago's Faculty of Education to form the University of Otago College of Education. The Dunedin College of Education's motto was maxima debetur pueris reverentia (the child deserves the greatest respect).

## History

The Dunedin College of Education's roots can be traced back to the Dunedin Training College, which was established in 1876 to provide training for primary school teachers. The Presbyterian scholar, educator, historian, and social worker Dr John Hislop is regarded as the "godfather" of the Dunedin Training College. The first rector of the Training College was W.S. Fitzgerald. Over the next decades, the Dunedin Training College continued supplying teachers to primary schools. During the First World War, it functioned as a secondary school to meet the shortfall in the new students' knowledge base.
During the Great Depression, the Dunedin Training College was closed down in January 1933 due to austerity measures. The college remained closed until 1936 when it was reopened by the newly elected First Labour Government, which adopted Keynesian social security policies. During the post-World War II baby boom, the Dunedin Training College supplied both primary and secondary teachers to meet the growing population demand. In 1953, the Dunedin Training College was renamed the Dunedin Teachers' College to reflect a nationwide naming trend for similar teacher training facilities throughout New Zealand.
During the post-war period, the college expanded its teacher education programmes to include undergraduate and postgraduate degrees and graduate diplomas in early childhood, primary and primary bilingual and secondary teacher education. In 1980, the college established a satellite campus in Invercargill. In addition, teacher support services were established at its Dunedin and its Invercargill campus. In 1976, the college cooperated with the University of Otago's Faculty of Education to provide a four-year joint Bachelor of Education degree. In 1989, the college was renamed the Dunedin College of Education.
In 2002, the Dunedin College of Education and University of Otago entered into merger talks to address the duplication of courses and programs. In August 2006, the Tertiary Education Minister Michael Cullen formally approved the merger of the two educational institutions, which came into effect in January 2007. Following the merger, the newly created University of Otago College of Education acquired the Dunedin College's former campuses and the Robertson Library, which is shared with Otago Polytechnic. The former Dunedin College's archives are stored at the Hocken Collections.
# Jyoti Gauba

Jyoti Gauba is an Indian television and film actress. She had done over 600 commercials till date and made her film debut with the film Idiot Box. She was also seen in the films like Take It Easy, Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic.
She has featured in many television shows like Ek Hasina Thi, Kavach... Kaali Shaktiyon Se, Badii Devrani, Maat Pitaah Ke Charnon Mein Swarg, Agent Raghav – Crime Branch, Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage, Ek Mutthi Aasmaan, Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki, Hello Friends, Phir Subah Hogi and Mastaangi - One Love Story Two Lifetimes.
She was last seen as Supriya Vyas in Piyaa Albela. Currently, she is portraying the role of Anuja Chaturvedi in Star Plus's Imlie.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Film | Role |
| 2008 | Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic | Ranbeer's mother |
| 2010 | Idiot Box | Anekta Kapoor |
| 2015 | Take It Easy | Seema |
| 2023 | Bholaa | Dr. Surbhi |
| TBA | 3 Monkeys | Sudha |

### Television

| Year | Serial | Role |
| 2009–2010 | Maat Pitaah Ke Charnon Mein Swarg | Yashoda Satyanarayan Tripathi |
| 2012 | Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage | Mansi's mother |
| 2012 | Phir Subah Hogi | Thakurayin |
| 2013 | Amita Ka Amit | Varsha Patel |
| 2013 | CID | Shilpa |
| 2013 | Ek Mutthi Aasmaan | Gauri Singhania |
| 2014 | Ek Hasina Thi | Suchitra Goenka |
| 2015 | Badii Devrani | Kaushalya Poddar |
| 2015 | Agent Raghav – Crime Branch | Arundhati Devi |
| 2016 | Kavach... Kaali Shaktiyon Se | Bhavya, a fairy |
| 2016 | Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki | Sharda Khurana |
| 2016 | Mastaangi - One Love Story Two Lifetimes | Yashwanti Khanna |
| 2017–2018 | Piyaa Albela | Supriya Vyas |
| 2018–2019 | Karn Sangini | Queen Shubra |
| 2019 | Ek Bhram...Sarvagun Sampanna | Anuradha Ashok Sharma |
| 2019 | Naagin 4 | Queen Vividha |
| 2020–2024 | Imlie | Anuja "Anu" Dev Chaturvedi |
| 2022–2023 | Katha Ankahee | Kavita Kailash Garewal |
| 2023–2024 | Do Chutki Sindoor | Jaya Pandey |
| 2024 | Qayaamat Se Qayaamat Tak | Radha |

### Web series

| Year | Title | Role | Platform |
| 2020 | State Of Siege: 26/11 | | ZEE5 |
| 2019-present | Kota Factory | Vaibhav Pandey's mother | YouTube (Season 1) Netflix (Season 2) |
| 2023 | Kafas | Deepali Guha | SonyLIV |
# PB-22 Lasbela

PB-22 Lasbela (پی بی-22 لسبیلہ) is a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan.

## By-election 2024

2024 Pakistani by-elections: PB-22 Lasbela :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PML(N) | Nawabzada Mir Muhammad Zarain Khan Magsi | 49,777 | 88.69 |
| | SIC | Shah Nawaz Hassan | 3,869 | 6.89 |
| | PPP | Muhammad Hassan | 2,253 | 4.01 |
| | Independent | Anwar Ali | 227 | 0.40 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 56,948 | 40.95 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 56,126 | 98.56 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 822 | 1.44 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 45,908 | 81.80 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 139,068 | |

## General elections 2024

General election 2024: PB-22 Lasbela :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PML(N) | Jam Kamal Khan | 38,562 | 49.46 |
| | PPP | Muhammad Hassan | 18,373 | 23.57 |
| | BNP (M) | Jhanzeb Qasim | 6,337 | 8.13 |
| | TLP | Rasool Baksh | 5,595 | 7.18 |
| | JUI (F) | Muhammad Naeem | 4,184 | 5.37 |
| | Independent | Shah Nawaz Hassan | 2,197 | 2.82 |
| | Independent | Muhammad Anwar Ronjho | 1,134 | 1.45 |
| | Others | Others (ten candidates) | 1,580 | 2.03 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 82,032 | 60.08 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 77,963 | 95.04 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 4,069 | 4.96 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 20,189 | 25.89 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 136,529 | |
# Jaehoon Ahn

Jaehoon Ahn (Korean: 안재훈; May 13, 1941 – June 1, 2011) was a Korean-born American journalist and researcher. Ahn worked as a researcher for The Washington Post for more than twenty-five years, until 1996. He was also the founding director of Radio Free Asia's Korean language service in 1997 and a board member of U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea.

## Biography

Ahn was born on May 13, 1941, in Pyongyang, Heian'nan-dō (South Pyongan Province), Korea, Empire of Japan, now North Korea. He fled with his family from their home in Pyongyang, where his family had lived for generations, to South Korea during the night when he was five years old to escape Communism. In 1960, he obtained a bachelor's degree from Seoul National University.
Ahn took a position as a reporter for JoongAng Ilbo, where he covered the Six-Day War as a foreign correspondent for the newspaper. He moved to the United States during the late 1960s and settled in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. He joined the staff of The Washington Post in 1969 as an assistant librarian for the newspaper's research department.
Ahn retired from the research department of The Washington Post in 1996. He worked for a Seoul-headquartered daily newspaper, where he helped to create the newspaper's style section and reorganize the structure of the newsroom.
In 1997, Ahn was hired as the founding director of Radio Free Asia's fledgling Korean language service. Ahn helped to build the service from the beginning. He launched the RFA's Korea language service's first half hour of programming and hired the service's first five staff members and journalists. Ahn expanded the half-hour format to a longer show and managed to report directly from North Korea during his tenure as director. He retired from Radio Free Asia in 2007. In addition, Ahn served as a board member for the U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea.
Ahn moved to Sandbridge Beach in southern Virginia Beach upon his retirement.
Jaehoon Ahn died from complications from a bleeding ulcer at a hospital in Virginia Beach, Virginia, on June 1, 2011, at the age of 70. He was survived by his wife, Soonhoon Lee Ahn, whom he had been married to for 42 years; two daughters, Soomie Lee Ahn and Yoomie Lee Ahn; four sisters; one brother; and three grandchildren. His father died in June 1997.
# Second Battle of Novi (1799)

The Second Battle of Novi or Battle of Bosco (24 October 1799) saw a Republican French corps under General of Division Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr face a division of Habsburg Austrian soldiers led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas Karaczay. For several hours the Austrians defended themselves stoutly, relying on their superior cavalry and artillery. By the end of the day the French and allied Poles routed the Austrians from their positions in this War of the Second Coalition action. Novi Ligure is south of Alessandria, Italy.
A string of defeats, culminating with the Battle of Novi on 15 August 1799 left the French Army of Italy clinging to Genoa, Cuneo and the crests of the Ligurian Alps. An Austrian threat to Genoa was met with Saint-Cyr's strong thrust north through Novi against Karaczay's division at Bosco Marengo. Farther west, Jean Étienne Championnet with the main body of the Army of Italy clashed with Michael von Melas's Austrians at Genola on 4 November.
# Loser (hand gesture)

The loser is a hand gesture made by extending the right thumb and index fingers, leaving the other fingers closed to create the letter L, interpreted as "loser", and generally given as a demeaning sign. Sometimes this is accompanied by raising the hand to the giver's forehead.
The gesture was popular in the 1990s, partly popularized by the 1994 movie Ace Ventura: Pet Detective.

## Usage of an "L" hand sign in specific contexts

In Brazil, the "L" is the political symbol of voting in Lula da Silva for president. Also, in Brazil, Germán Cano, soccer player from Fluminense, use the L to commemorate when he scores a goal.
Also in Brazil, an "L" handsign is used for cheering for Brazilian e-sports players from LOUD organization (e.g. during "VCT 2023: LOCK // IN" event in São Paulo).
# Ramsay (publishing house)

Ramsay is a French publishing house belonging to the Vilo group.

## History

Les Editions Ramsay were founded in 1976 in the form of a Société à responsabilité limitée by Jean-Pierre Ramsay, who sold them in 1982 to Gaumont. They stood out at the end of 1982 with the publication of La Bicyclette bleue [fr] (the Blue Bicycle), which soon became a bestseller. After a long empty passage and the threat posed to the publishing house by the lawsuit filed for infringement against Regine Deforges by the rightholders of Gone with the Wind, it was ceded to Éditions Régine Deforges.
Following the filing of bankruptcy and the judicial liquidation of Éditions Régine Deforges in 1992, Editions Ramsay were bought out by Michel Lafon and then in 1998 by the Vilo group.
In 2014, Ramsay publishes a book on President Edgar Faure entitled Edgar Faure, secrets d’État, secrets de famille, written by his grandson, Rodolphe Oppenheimer-Faure and Luc Corlouër, prefaced by Jean-Michel Baylet and Jean-Louis Borloo.
# Yagnam (1991 film)

Yagnam (English: The Offering) is a 1991 Indian Telugu-language social problem film directed by Gutha Ramineedu based on a 1964 play by Kalipatnam Ramarao. The film has garnered the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor, and the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film. The film won two Nandi Awards.

## Plot

The film deals with the life of a poor farmer (P. L. Narayana) and his dysfunctional family. The farmer sacrifices his own son (Bhanu Chander) as an offering to overcome his debt.

## Awards
### National Film Awards

* National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor - P. L. Narayana

### Nandi Awards

* Best Feature Film - Gold - Gutha Ramineedu
* Second Best Story Writer - Kalipatnam Ramarao
# Karl Ahrens

Karl Ahrens (13 March 1924 – 6 March 2015) was a German Social Democratic Party politician who served as member of the German Bundestag from 1969 to 1990. He had a doctorate in law and was an assistant secretary of the Lower-Saxon ministry of the interior. As a member of the Bundestag, he worked mainly in the committee on economic affairs. Ahrens was president of the Association of European Border Regions from 1984 to 1996. He served as president of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1983 to 1986 and was the first German to do so.
# Rashad Mahmood

Rashad Mahmood NI(M) (Urdu: راشد محمود), is a retired four-star army general in the Pakistan Army who served as the 15th Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. He was appointed as Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of Pakistan by prime minister Nawaz Sharif on November 27, 2013. He retired on November 27, 2016.

## Biography

He was commissioned in 1979 in 7th Battalion of the Baloch Regiment. He belongs to a Kashmiri Sheikh family settled in Sialkot.
He attended a Company Commander course in France and is a graduate of the Canadian Army Command and Staff College, National Defence University, Pakistan. He has varied experience of command, staff and instructional appointments. His major appointments include Platoon Commander, Pakistan Military Academy, Brigade Major Infantry Brigade, Instructor at Command and Staff College and National Defence University. He has remained Chief of Staff of Bahawalpur Corps and Military Secretary to the President.
Mahmood has commanded two infantry battalions, two infantry brigades and a United Nations contingent in Congo, Infantry Division at Sialkot, Director General at Inter-Service Intelligence Directorate, Islamabad and Commander 4 Corps (Lahore). After commanding the Corps, he took over as Chief of General Staff (Pakistan) in January 2013. He has been conferred with Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Military) and Nishan-e-Imtiaz (military).
# Twin Tombs, Iksan

The Twin Tombs (Korean: 쌍릉; Hanja: 雙陵) are Baekje-era tombs in Iksan, South Korea. They are so named because they are placed side-by-side. On January 21, 1963, they were made a Historic Site of South Korea.
They are considered to be both royal tombs. One is larger than the other. They were excavated in 1916, during the Japanese colonial period, but no relics from the excavation have been given to South Korean archaeologists. The larger tomb had a coffin in it; it has been restored. The larger tomb possibly belongs to King Mu, whom founded the nearby temple of Mireuksa. The smaller tomb possibly belongs to his wife Princess Seonhwa.
# Ambis University

The Ambis University (AMBIS VŠ; Czech: AMBIS vysoká škola) is a private university in Prague, Czech Republic.

## History

The Ambis University, formerly known as the Banking Institute University, was authorized by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in 1999 as the first private higher education institution in the Czech Republic. It began its operation in 2000. In 2001, a German training company-holding company COGNOS AG, partnered with the university and it became the first private Czech university with a strategic foreign partner. Within the framework of its external development it has established new regional consulting centers both in Czechia and Slovakia.

## Programs of study

The study system includes three programs:
* Bachelor study program, available in daily and combined studies
* Master study program, with two branches available in the forms of daily and combined studies
* Lifelong learning qualification and re-qualification programs focused on the study of banking, information technologies, property valuation and languages
# White sugar

White sugar, also called table sugar, granulated sugar, or regular sugar, is a commonly used type of sugar, made either of beet sugar or cane sugar, which has undergone a refining process. It is nearly pure sucrose.

## Description

The refining process completely removes the molasses from cane juice or beet juice to give the disaccharide white sugar, sucrose. It has a purity higher than 99.7%. Its molecular formula is C $_{12}$H $_{22}$O $_{11}$. White sugars produced from sugar cane and sugar beet are chemically indistinguishable: it is possible, however, to identify its origin through a carbon-13 analysis.
White sugar (and some brown sugar) produced from sugar cane may be refined using bone char by a few sugar cane refiners. Beet sugar has never been processed with bone char and is vegan. In modern times, activated carbon and ion-exchange resin may be used – see Sugar refinery § Purification.
From a chemical and nutritional point of view, white sugar does not contain—in comparison to brown sugar—some minerals (such as calcium, potassium, iron and magnesium) present in small quantities in molasses. The only detectable differences are, therefore, the white color and the less intense flavor.

## Health Impacts

The overconsumption of white sugar (or any sugar) brings many health consequences. Such as heart disease, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and more. The CDC recommends limiting daily sugar consumption to less than 200 calories worth (about 12 teaspoons/48 grams) on a 2000 calorie diet.