OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# M75 hand grenade

The M75 grenade (English: kashikara, Serbian Latin: kašikara, Serbian Cyrillic: кашикара) is a Yugoslav hand grenade, efficient in trenches, forests and bunkers. The grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and "mouse trap" style fuse mechanism, all contained in a plastic transportation can.
The core contains 3,000 steel balls with a diameter of 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) with an effective killing radius of 12–18 m (39–59 ft), and a casualty radius of 30–54 m (98–177 ft). The explosive charge is 36–38 g (1.3–1.3 oz) of plastic explosive. The fuse, named "bušon" in Serbian, has a delay time of 3 to 4.4 seconds. Its name comes from the Turkish word for a spoon, "kašika". In American English, the lever of the grenade is colloquially known as the "spoon". The M-75 hand grenade was also produced in Macedonia, where it is designated M-93.

## Use by criminal gangs in England, Sweden and Belgium

A shipment of leftover grenades of this type (and the M-93) from the Yugoslav Wars was taken to Sweden and sold for as little as 20 kronor to organised criminals and street gangs, who have been using them in numerous attacks since 2008 (ongoing as of 2025).
Others were used by criminal families in England, including an attack that killed two police officers in 2012.
In 2018, two M75 hand grenades were used in Deurne, Antwerp. The attack is possibly linked to a drug war in Antwerp.
In 2021, one M75 hand grenade was used in Pakrac, Croatia. Milorad Arsenić, a former member of Serbian paramilitary forces in Croatia attacked three employees of Croatian power company HEP that came to disconnect his power for unpaid bills.
In 2023, one M75 hand grenade was used in the ethnically-mixed 'Bosniak Neighborhood' in North Mitrovica, Kosovo. A car was damaged, in what minister of interior Xhelal Sveçla claimed to be an attack by criminal structures in reaction to the arrest of 3 ethnic Serbs in the town of Vushtrri, suspected of war crimes in the Kosovo War.
The M75 was used during a gang war in Germany's Stuttgart region in 2023. During a funeral of a gang member at the cemetery of Altbach near Esslingen, a member of a rival gang threw one M75 at the mourners. The grenade bounced of a tree branch, throwing it off course, and exploded in a free area, still leaving 15 people injured.
In 2024, an M75 hand grenade exploded at a party in Knin, Croatia, killing a 25-year-old man and injuring four others.
# Battle of Mashkullorë

The Battle of Mashkullorë (Albanian: Beteja e Mashkullorës) was fought on either 5 or 18 March, 1908. It took place between Albanian rebel forces under the command of Çerçiz Topulli and the Ottomans.

## Background

On February 25, 1908, Çerçiz Topulli and his Albanian rebel group assassinated the Ottoman binbashi of Gjirokastër. After the assassination of the Ottoman binbashi, Çerçiz Topulli and his Albanian rebels fled to Mashkullorë, a village near Gjirokastër.

## Armed resistance in Mashkullorë

On March 5 or 18, the Albanian rebels were surrounded by Ottoman forces. The Ottoman forces had between 150 and over 200 soldiers and the Albanian rebels were outnumbered, nevertheless, Çerçiz Topulli was able to fight the soldiers, and emerge victorious. The Albanian rebel group of the detachment resisted attacks of the Turkish forces for an entire day and were able to break the siege. The Turkish forces lost 40 soldiers The Albanian rebels did not lose any soldiers, but Çerçiz Topulli and Myftar Axhemi were wounded.
# Scot Schmidt

Scot Schmidt (born July 21, 1961, in Helena, Montana) is a professional extreme skier.
Schmidt began ski racing in his hometown of Helena, Montana. He moved to Squaw Valley in 1979 to pursue a dream of making the U.S. Ski Team., and started skiing professionally in 1983. That year, Warren Miller Entertainment invited him to showcase his explosive and suspended style in what would be his first of over 40 films. In his 35th year as an athlete with The North Face, Schmidt became a designer and technical consultant for the Steep Tech line of ski wear.
In 2003 Schmidt began skiing at The Yellowstone Club, a resort in his home state of Montana, and in 2007 he became the Club’s Ski Ambassador.
In 2014, Schmidt was recognized by his peers and inducted into the US Ski Hall of Fame.
As of 2021, Schmidt currently resides in Big Sky, Montana.

## Filmography

Career Film Highlights:
Major Films:
* 2019, “Ski Bum – The Warren Miller Story”
* 1994, “True Lies”
* 1992, “Aspen Extreme”
Ski Films:
Greg Stump Productions:
* 2012 “Legends of Aahhh’s”
* 1996, "Siberia"
* 1994, "P-tex, Lies, & Duct Tape"
* 1992, "Skiers Guide to the Galaxy"
* 1991, "Steep Techniques"
* 1991, "Groove Requiem"
* 1990, "Dr. Strangelove"
* 1989, "License to Thrill"
* 1988, "Rhythm Divine"
* 1988, "The Blizzard of Aahhh's"
Warren Miller Productions:
* 2020, “Future Retro”
* 2014, “Ticket to Ride”
* 1996, "Locals Only"
* 1995, "Five Winter Stories"
* 1994, "In Search of Powder"
* 1993, "Steeper and Deeper"
* 1992, "The Scot Schmidt Story"
* 1989, "White Magic"
* 1988, "Escape to Ski"
* 1987, "White Winter Heat"
* 1986, "Beyond the Edge"
* 1985, "Steep and Deep"
* 1984, "Ski Country"
* 1983, "Ski Time"
Scot Gaffney Productions:
* 1997, "The Promised Land"
* 1995, "Walls of Freedom"
Matchstick Productions:
* 2017, “Drop Everything”
* 2013, “McConkey”
* 1996, "Fetish"
* 1995, "The Hedonist"
The North Face:
* 1999, "Higher On The Mountain"
Eric Perlman Productions:
* 1992, "Extreme Skiing IV"
* 1991, "Extreme Force"
* 1990, "Extreme Skiing III"
* 1989, "Extreme Skiing II"
* 1988, "Extreme Skiing I”
Mike Douglas, Salomon Freeski TV Series:
* 2014 Season 7/Episode 12, “Legend Scot Schmidt”
Outlook: Icons Revealed: Season 3 / Episode 4:
* 2016 – Scot Schmidt
Matt Herriger
* 2012 - Winter’s Wind
# Paloma Elementary School District

Paloma School District 94 is a public school district based in Maricopa County, Arizona.
# Desulfobacter

Desulfobacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Desulfobacteraceae. Desulfobacter has the ability to oxidize acetate to CO$_2$.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Desulfobacter D. hydrogenophilus Widdel 1988 D. curvatus Widdel 1988 D. postgatei Widdel 1981 D. vibrioformis Lien & Beeder 1997 D. halotolerans Brandt & Ingvorsen 1998 D. latus Widdel 1988 | Desulfobacter D. postgatei D. vibrioformis D. latus D. curvatus D. hydrogenophilus |
# M Innas Ali

M Innas Ali (September 1, 1916 – May 3, 2010) was a Bangladeshi physicist. He was the founding chairman of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. He was selected National Professor of Bangladesh in 1994.

## Education

Ali completed his M.Sc. in Physics from University of Dhaka in 1940. Later he earned M.E.E. from New York University and Ph.D. in nuclear physics from London University in 1948 and 1955 respectively.

## Career

Ali served as the president of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences and vice chancellor of University of Chittagong.

## Awards

* Independence Day Award for Science and Technology (1991)
# Yura River (Japan)

The Yura River (由良川, Yuragawa) is a river in Kyoto Prefecture and Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.
# Willis A. Gorman

Willis Arnold Gorman (January 12, 1816 – May 20, 1876) was an American lawyer, soldier, politician, and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Gorman was born near Flemingsburg, Kentucky. He was the only child of David and Elizabeth Gorman, both of Irish descent. In 1835, the family moved to Bloomington, Indiana, where Gorman attended Indiana University and then established a law practice. In January 1836, he married Martha Stone in Bloomington. By 1837 he began his move into politics, becoming a clerk in the Indiana State Senate. From 1841 to 1844, he was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives.
In 1845 he returned to Indiana University and completed his law degree. In 1846 he volunteered for the army, enlisted as a private, and went to fight in the Mexican–American War. He was appointed as a major in the 3rd Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and led an independent rifle battalion at the Battle of Buena Vista, where he was severely wounded. When his term of service expired, he re-enlisted and was appointed colonel of the 4th Indiana. He served in the capture of Huamantla and in several other campaigns and battles under General Joseph Lane. In 1848 he was civil and military governor of Puebla, but soon after he returned to Indiana. He served in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1853, as a representative of that state.
Gorman, politically a Democrat, served as the second Territorial Governor of Minnesota from May 15, 1853, to April 23, 1857, at the appointment of President Franklin Pierce. During his time as Governor of Minnesota, he masterminded an unsuccessful plan to move the capital of the territory from St. Paul to St. Peter, where he owned land that would have been eminently suitable for use as the new capitol grounds. The plan was sidetracked when legislator Joe Rolette disappeared with the bill until the last seconds of the legislative session.
He spent a number of years practicing law in St. Paul, Minnesota, and served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from May 11, 1858, to January 1859.
With the secession of several Southern slave states, Gorman offered his services to the army. He was appointed Colonel of the 1st Minnesota Infantry, serving in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. On September 7, 1861, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and assigned to command a brigade in the II Corps in Army of the Potomac during the Peninsular Campaign. His troops suffered high casualties during the Battle of Antietam in an ill-fated attack on Confederate positions in the West Woods. Later in the year, he was assigned to command the District of Eastern Arkansas.

## Postwar

In 1864 he left the service and resumed his law practice in St. Paul. He was elected City attorney in 1869, and continued in that position until his death. He is buried in Oakland Cemetery in St. Paul.
# The Little Cafe (play)

The Little Cafe (French:Le petit café) is a French comedy play written by Tristan Bernard which was first performed in 1911. An English-language musical version The Little Cafe was successfully staged in the United States in 1913.

## Synopsis

Albert Loriflan, a waiter in a Paris cafe, unexpectedly inherits a large sum of money from a wealthy relative. His unscrupulous boss, Philibert, refuses to release him from his long-term contract in the hope that Albert will buy him off with a large payment. But Albert refuses, and continues to work at the cafe even though he is now very rich. Before long he falls in love with Philibert's daughter Yvonne.

## Film adaptations

In 1919 the play was turned into a French silent film The Little Cafe directed by Tristan Bernard's son Raymond Bernard. In 1930 Paramount Pictures made an American adaptation Playboy of Paris directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Maurice Chevalier. Paramount also produced a French-language version, Le Petit Café (1931), again starring Chevalier.
In the 1960s, the play was turned into an Italian television film (1963) and a later Yugoslavian version (1967).
# Heritage Property Act (Nova Scotia)

The Heritage Property Act is a provincial statute which allows for the identification, protection and rehabilitation of cultural heritage properties in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
The Act offers five types of protection:
* Provincial Registry of Heritage Properties (a list of properties designated by the provincial Minister of Communities, Culture and Heritage as possessing provincially significant heritage value);
* Provincial Cultural Landscape (a cultural landscape listed on the Provincial Registry);
* Municipal Registries of Heritage Properties (a list of properties which the local municipality has determined have a local or community level of heritage value);
* Municipal Heritage Conservation Districts (a specific area within a municipality having unique heritage value and subject to regulations intended to ensure the preservation of the district's character while accommodating new development); and
* Municipal Cultural Landscapes (a cultural landscape listed on a Municipal Registry).
The Heritage Property Act was first enacted in 1980, and was subject to amendments in 1991, 1998 and 2010.
Nova Scotia also has related legislation to protect archaeological and natural sites (the Special Places Protection Act) and to protect burial plots and cemeteries (the Cemeteries Protection Act).
# Felix Howard

Felix Howard (born January 14, 1973) is a British songwriter, record producer, A&R and publisher.
A former model as a child, Howard was photographed by Jamie Morgan and styled by the world renowned Ray Petri for the cover of The Face magazine. Throughout the 1980's he appeared in music videos for several songs, including Sting's video for "Russians" in 1985, the Madonna video "Open Your Heart" in 1986, and the Sinitta video "Toy Boy" in 1987. He also appeared in the Mantronix video for "Got to Have Your Love" and in the Nick Kamen video for "Each Time You Break My Heart".
His songwriting credits include working alongside Amy Winehouse, Sia, The Sugababes among many others. In 2007, he joined EMI Publishing as an A&R manager where he signed Calvin Harris, Lana Del Rey, MNEK, James Vincent McMorrow, Tinchy Stryder, Sam Sparro, Hurts, Beverley Knight, Tom Jones, and many others.
In 2008, Felix Howard was made VP, A&R at EMI and in 2009 he was made head of A&R EMI UK and Europe Creative.
After leaving EMI before the Sony merger, he went on to consult for Daniel Lieberberg at Universal Records and was involved with the Klangkarussell album and signed Lewis Capaldi with Lieberberg.
Previously, Howard was Director of A&R for the US division of Budde Publishing in Los Angeles. Howard worked at Method Management in an A&R role. In December 2020, Howard joined BMG as Director A&R (New Recordings) in London. At BMG, Howard has worked with Gabrielle, Ultra Nate, Katie Melua, Louis Tomlinson, Zak Abel and Lady Blackbird. He has a son called Herby. And dog
As a child, Howard had systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and was a patient at Great Ormond Street Hospital under Barbara Ansell. He has vitiligo and what he has called "a number of extremely tiresome and dull auto immune illnesses". Howard has two children and lives in London and California. In October 2021, Howard married actress/producer/writer Andrea Lewis. He supports Chelsea FC.

## Selected discography
### Songwriting credits

| Year | Artist | Song | Album | Notes |
| 2000 | Sugababes | "Overload" | One Touch | |
| 2002 | Sugababes | "Stronger" | Angels with Dirty Faces | |
| 2002 | Sia | 'Blow it All Away" | Healing Is Difficult | |
| 2002 | Holly Valance | "Hush Now" | Footprints | |
| 2003 | Sugababes | "Million Different Ways" | Three | |
| 2003 | Sugababes | "In the Middle' | Three | |
| 2003 | Lene | "Up in Smoke" | Play with Me | |
| 2003 | Amy Winehouse | "You Sent Me Flying"/"Cherry" | Frank | Also backing vocals, producer, engineer |
| 2003 | Kylie Minogue | "You Make Me Feel" | Body Language | |
| 2004 | Sia | "Numb" | Colour the Small One | Also guitar |
| 2004 | Beverley Knight | "Straight Jacket" | Affirmation | |
| 2006 | Amy Winehouse | "Close to the Front" | Back to Black | |
# Jens Boden

Jens Boden (born 1978) is a German former competitive speed skater, who won the bronze medal in the 5000 metres at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Boden was born on August 29, 1978 in Dresden, Sachsen, Germany.
At 23 years old, he competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, where he beat his personal best by 15 seconds to win a bronze in the 5000 meters. His time of 6:21.73 broke the world record, but Jochem Uytdehaage and Derek Parra also skated under the world record to win gold and silver respectively. Boden also finished fifth in the 10,000 meters at the same Olympics.
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, he finished 20th in the 5000 meters. Boden retired in 2007.

## Personal records

Personal records :
| Men's speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 500 m | 38.90 | 2000-01-22 | Calgary | |
| 1500 m | 1:53.14 | 2002-01-26 | Calgary | |
| 5000 m | 6:20.15 | 2005-11-19 | Salt Lake City | |
| 10000 m | 13:23.43 | 2002-02-22 | Salt Lake City | |
# Ujazdów Avenue, Warsaw

Ujazdów Avenue (Polish: Aleje Ujazdowskie) is a major thoroughfare parallel to the Vistula River in the downtown district of Warsaw, Poland.

## History

The Avenue's origins date to 1724–31, when King Augustus II the Strong ordered the construction of a Calvary Road (Droga Kalwaryjska). By 1766 the route was part of the Royal Route as Belweder Avenue, leading to the Belweder Palace. In the second half of the 19th century, a number of Polish aristocrats' and industrialists' villas and palaces were built along the route. Following the restoration of Polish independence in 1918, the majority of these houses and mansions were transformed into foreign embassies. During World War II under the Nazi occupation, it was planned to be transformed into a German district, according to the so-called Pabst Plan. Nazi authorities renamed the avenue Lindenallee, and later Siegenallee. On 1 February 1944, Franz Kutschera, the SS Police Chief in German-occupied Warsaw was assassinated by members of the Polish resistance outside Ujazdów Avenue number 23 - an action known as Operation Kutschera.
During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, the street and the surrounding buildings were mostly destroyed, however the majority of the historical residences and some tenements along the route survived. In the war's aftermath, the avenue experienced massive reconstruction, with works lasting until 1955. In 1953, following the death of Joseph Stalin, authorities renamed the thoroughfare as Stalin Avenue (Aleja Stalina). Three years later during the Polish October, a period of de-Stalinization, the avenue's traditional name was restored.
In September 1994, as part of the Royal Route, Ujazdów Avenue was included in Poland's official national List of Historical Monuments by President Lech Wałęsa. In 2009, Ujazdów Avenue underwent a complete renovation, with the planting of new trees, the complete reconstruction of sidewalks, bus turnouts, and creating bike paths for the route.

## Location

Located in the Śródmieście district, Ujazdów Avenue begins at Belweder Street and runs for 1.6 km to Three Crosses Square. The contemporary avenue is surrounded by many notable historical villas, parks and palaces, as well as politically important buildings. Notable landmarks along Ujazdów include the Chancellery of the Prime Minister, Ujazdów Castle, Ujazdów Park, Łazienki Park, the Botanical Gardens, the Ministry of Justice, St. Alexander's Church and several embassies, including those of Switzerland, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Montenegro.
In addition to street traffic, Ujazdów is also used for ceremonial purposes as a military parade route during Armed Forces Day, held annually on 15 August.

## Image gallery

* Sobański Palace
* The Chancellery
* Leszczyński Palace
* Ujazdów Park
* Ujazdów Castle
* Chopin Statue
* American embassy in Warsaw during German air raid in September 1939.
* President Lech Kaczyński reviewing troops on Ujazdów Avenue during Armed Forces Day in 2007
* Dom Dochodowy building, seat of the Embassy of New Zealand
* The official embassy of Montenegro
* The German Historical Institute of Warsaw
# Rocco Pirro

Rocco A. Pirro (June 30, 1916 – January 26, 1995) was an American football player and politician.

## Football career

He was a fullback for The Catholic University of America and played in the 1940 Sun Bowl, where he was described as "5-foot 10-inch and 185-pound Arizona jackrabbit."
Pirro was drafted in the 12th round of the 1940 NFL Draft. Pirro was a professional American football Guard who played from 1940 to 1941 with the Pittsburgh Steelers and from 1946 to 1949 with the Buffalo Bills.

## Political and business career

During World War II, Pirro served in the United States Navy. Pirro worked as executive director of the Solvay-Geddes Youth Center and the Onondaga County, New York Youth Board. Pirro served on the Geddes, New York Town Board and as town supervisor. He was involved with the Republican Party. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (120th D.) in 1974. In November 1974, he ran for re-election, but was defeated by Democrat/Conservative Melvin N. Zimmer.

## Death

Pirro died on January 26, 1995, in Syracuse, New York, at the Van Duyn Home and Hospital.
# Burak Kapacak

Burak Kapacak (born 8 December 1999) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Turkish club Fenerbahçe.

## Professional career

A youth product of Bursaspor, Burak signed his first professional contract on 26 March 2018. Kapacak made his professional debut for Bursaspor in a 1-0 Süper Lig loss to Gençlerbirliği S.K. on 18 May 2018.

### Fenerbahçe

On 6 August 2021, Fenerbahçe announced that they have signed an agreement with Kapacak.
# Lorne J. Acquin

Lorne Joe Acquin (March 21, 1950 – June 2015) was a Canadian-American mass murderer who killed his foster brother's wife, her seven children, and their niece in their home at Cedar Hill Drive in Prospect, Connecticut, on July 22, 1977, by beating them to death with a tire iron. He afterward set fire to the building and escaped, but was arrested the following day and sentenced to 105 years in prison two years later.
It was the largest mass murder in Connecticut history until the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.

## Murders

On Friday, July 22, 1977, Lorne Acquin went to the home of his foster brother Fred Beaudoin, who was at work at the time, and killed the latter's wife Cheryl, their seven children, and a niece of theirs by bludgeoning them to death with a tire iron. Acquin also sexually molested one of the children, 10-year-old Sharon Lee Beaudoin, before killing her. He afterward spread gasoline around the house, set it on fire, and escaped.
The charred body of Cheryl Beaudoin was later found on the kitchen floor, while the bodies of three children were found in one bedroom, and two more children in another. One further child was found dead in the master bedroom and two more bodies were found in the bathroom. Several of the children, as well as Cheryl Beaudoin, had their hands tied behind their backs. Two of the other children's feet were tied together. All of the children appeared to have head wounds.
Within 24 hours, police interviewed more than a hundred witnesses, including Fred Beaudoin and Lorne J. Acquin. The following Sunday night, Acquin agreed to make a statement to police in which he admitted to attacking his sister-in-law and the children. Later that day, he was charged with nine counts of murder and one count of arson.
The Supreme Court of Connecticut described the murders as "brutal and apparently motiveless". Prosecutors, however, speculated that Acquin's motivation may have stemmed from the sexual assault of one of the children. Prosecutors speculated that Cheryl may have caught Acquin molesting one of her daughters and, out of fear that she would press charges, Acquin decide to murder the whole family before that could happen.

## Victims

* Cheryl Beaudoin, age 29
* Frederick Beaudoin, 12
* Sharon Lee Beaudoin, 10
* Debra Ann Beaudoin, 9
* Paul Beaudoin, 8
* Roderick Beaudoin, 6
* Holly Lyn Beaudoin, 5
* Mary Lou Beaudoin, 4
* Jennifer Santoro, 6

## Trial and conviction

Acquin went to trial on July 16, 1979. He was sentenced to 25 years to life on each murder conviction and 20 years for arson. He served his sentence in MacDougall-Walker Correctional Institution until his June 2015 death from a severe brain bleed at the UConn Health Center in Farmington.
# Phymaturus tenebrosus

Phymaturus tenebrosus is a species of lizard in the family Liolaemidae. It is from Argentina.