# Macedonius I of Constantinople

Macedonius I of Constantinople (Greek: Μακεδόνιος; died after 360) was a Greek bishop of Constantinople from 342 up to 346, and from 351 until 360. He inspired the establishment of the Pneumatomachi (also called Macedonians), a sect later declared heretical.

## Biography

After bishop Alexander of Constantinople's death in 336, his orthodox followers supported Paul I of Constantinople. On the other hand, the Arians rallied round Macedonius I. The former was ordained bishop but did not hold his bishopric long. The Semi-Arian Roman emperor Constantius II came to Constantinople, convened a synod of Arian bishops, banished Paul I, and, to the disappointment of Macedonius I, translated Eusebius of Nicomedia to the vacant see. This was thought to have been in 338.
Eusebius's death in 341 restarted hostilities between the partisans of Paul I and Macedonius I. Paul I returned, and was introduced into the Irene church of Constantinople; Arian bishops immediately ordained Macedonius in St. Paul's church. So violent did the tumult become that Constantius II sent his general Hermogenes (died 342) to eject Paul I for a second time. His soldiers met with open resistance; the general was killed and his body dragged through the city.
Constantius II at once left Antioch and punished Constantinople by depriving the people of half their daily allowance of corn. Paul I was expelled; Macedonius I was severely blamed for his part in these disturbances, and for allowing himself to be ordained without imperial sanction; but over all the Arians triumphed. Macedonius I was permitted to officiate the church in which he had been consecrated. Paul I went to Rome, and he and Athanasius of Alexandria and other orthodox bishops expelled from their sees were sent back by Pope Julius I with letters rebuking those who had deposed them. Philip the prefect executed the fresh orders of the emperor in hurrying Paul into exile to Thessalonica, and in reinstating Macedonius, but not without bloodshed.
Macedonius held the see for about six years, while letters and delegates, the pope and the emperors, synods and counter-synods, were debating and disputing the treatment of Paul I and Athanasius. In 349 the alternative of war offered by Constans, emperor of the West, induced Constantius II to reinstate Paul I; and Macedonius I had to retire to a private church. The murder of Constans in 350 placed the East under the sole control of Constantius II, and Paul I was at once exiled. Imperial edicts followed, which permitted the Arians to claim to be the dominant faction in the church.
Macedonius I is said to have signalled his return to power by acts which, if truly reported, brand him as a cruel bigot. The Novatianists suffered perhaps even more fearfully than the orthodox and some of them were stung into a desperate resistance: those of Constantinople removing the materials of their church to a distant suburb of the city; those at Mantinium in Paphlagonia daring to face the imperial soldiers sent to expel them from their home. "The exploits of Macedonius", says Socrates Scholasticus, "on behalf of Christianity, consisted of murders, battles, incarcerations, and civil wars".
An act of presumption finally lost him the imperial favor in 358. The Sepulchre containing the body of Constantine the Great was in danger of falling to pieces, and Macedonius determined to remove them. The question was made a party one. The orthodox assailed as sacrilege "the disinterment of the supporter of the Nicene faith", the Macedonians pleaded the necessities of structural repair. When the remains were conveyed to the church of Acacius of Caesarea, the excited populace met in the church and churchyard; so frightful a carnage ensued that the place was filled with blood and slaughtered bodies. Constantius II's anger was great against Macedonius I because of the slaughter, but even more, because he had removed the body without consulting him.
When Macedonius I presented himself at the council of Seleucia in 359, it was ruled that being under accusation it was not proper for him to remain (Socrates, II, 40). His opponents, Acacius of Caesarea, Eudoxius of Antioch, and others, followed him to Constantinople, and, availing themselves of the emperor's indignation, deposed him in 360 on the ground of cruelty and canonical irregularities. Macedonius I retired to a suburb of the city and died there.
He is said to have elaborated the views with which his name is connected in his retirement. The "Macedonians", his followers, did not believe in the divinity of the Holy Spirit.