OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martin-Guillaume Biennais

Martin-Guillaume Biennais (French pronunciation:; La Cochère, April 29, 1764 – Paris, March 27, 1843) was a French goldsmith and silversmith.

## Biography

Martin-Guillaume Biennais was born in La Cochère on April 29, 1764.
After his father's death, Biennais moved to Paris in 1788, where he initially engaged in commerce; he married but was widowed after a year.
The first part of his career he dedicated mainly to goldsmithing, but after the end of the revolutionary period, he approached more to silverware, since gold and silver objects during the Napoleonic Empire could be worked and produced.
In addition to all kinds of silverware, jewelry, porcelain, religious objects, various white weapons embellished with military decorations, he produced mahogany furniture, such as chests of drawers, consoles, coffee tables, toilets and beds.
He was one of the best silversmiths in the translation of the classical style spread for Napoleon Bonaparte by his "ornatisti". While Robert Joseph Auguste gave the best of his art in the period of Louis XVI, Biennais and Jean-Baptiste-Claude Odiot proved to be the most capable interpreters of the Napoleonic model.
Of the two, however, Biennais was the most appreciated among his contemporaries, and also the most prolific.
Biennais was responsible for the execution of the insignia of Napoleon's coronation ceremony on December 2, 1804: the sword, the laurel wreath, the great necklace of the legion of honor, the Grand-Septre, the ball of the world and the hand of justice.
The work that made him famous in his time was the silver cradle made for the king of Rome, although Biennais was probably only the executor, because the design was provided by Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine or by the other great "ornatist" of the Empire, Charles Percier.
All the other works he produced were instead designed by Biennais himself, and sometimes executed by his collaborators, as evidenced by the marks present next to his.
He made most of the silver service for the King of Bavaria crowned in 1806, now housed in the Residenzmuseum in Munich, and his clients included the Grand Duchess of Tuscany, the King of the Netherlands, Jerome of Westphalia, Prince Camillo Borghese.
At the end of his career, in the early years of the Restoration, Biennais worked mainly for a foreign clientele.
In 1819, Biennais suddenly decided to leave the company, passing the hand to one of his main collaborators. He spent his last years in La Verrière, his country residence. Biennais died at his home in Paris on March 27, 1843, at the age of seventy-eight, surrounded by his children.
# Calegaro

45°22′22″N 11°44′08″E﻿ / ﻿45.3728676°N 11.735417°E﻿ / 45.3728676; 11.735417
Calegaro is an Italian silversmith and jewellery company founded in Padova, Italy, in 1921.

## History

Luigi Calegaro opened a laboratory in 1921 in Via del Santo, midtown Padova, and was one of its first jewellery and silversmith makers with hallmark 4PD. Business quickly developed and in 1968 a new location for production was chosen in Teolo, the area of Colli Euganei in the surrounding of Padova. It was under the guide of Luigi's son, Francesco Calegaro, that Company constantly grew making its name in the market. At present, the facility has a production complex of 12.000 m$^2$ on a total area of 40.000 m$^2$. Apart from its wide sterling silver and gold collection, Calegaro partners as a vendor for Luxury major Brands producing their exclusive designs.
In 2010 some of these productions have been shown in the British Museum of London.

## Expansion

In 2012 Calegaro opened its second boutique in Tehran, Iran.
In 2016 the first collection for interior design has been presented featuring furniture in finest wood and sterling silver.
# Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty

Part of a series on the :
Arab world :
Political Issues
Arab Winter
Syrian Civil War
Somali Civil War
Western Sahara conflict
Arab–Israeli conflict
Pan-Arabism
Weapons of mass destruction
Egypt
Iraq
Libya
Syria :
Geography
Middle East and North Africa
Regions
Maghreb
Mashriq
Nile Valley
Eastern Arabia
Bab-el-Mandeb
Deserts
Sahara
Arabian
ad-Dahna :
Governance
Founding Charter
Human Rights Charter
Secretary General (Ahmed Aboul Gheit)
Institutions
Council
Summits
Parliament :
Unity
Arab leaders
King Salman
King Abdullah
Fattah el-Sisi
Ideology
Arab nationalismNasserism
Arab socialismBa'athism
Third International Theory
IslamismSunni Islam
Anti-Iranian sentimentAnti-Shi'ism
AntisemitismAnti-Zionism
Attempts at political union
Arab Federation
Arab Islamic Republic
Federation of Arab Republics
Unified Political Command
Union of Arab Republics
United Arab Kingdom
United Arab Republic
United Arab States
Organizational unions
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
Arab Maghreb Union :
Foreign relations
Multilateral
African Union
ASEAN
European Union
Latin America
Bilateral
Brazil
China
Eritrea
France
India
Eritrea
Iran
Israel
Pakistan
Turkey
United States
Uzbekistan
Venezuela :
Military
Expenditure
Arab Revolt
Joint defence
Joint Defence Council
United Arab Command
Peninsula Shield
Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) :
Economy
Economic and Social Council
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
Arab Monetary Fund
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
Union for the Mediterranean
Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)
Chambers of Commerce
Arab Customs Union
International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions (ICATU)
Federation of Arab Trade Unions and Labor Societies (FATULS)
Qualifying Industrial Zone (QIZ) :
Transportation
Aviation
Railways
Berlin–Baghdad
Hejaz
ONCF
Palestine
Bridges
Dubai Smile
Qatar–Bahrain Causeway
King Fahd Causeway
Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing
Saudi–Egypt Causeway
Bridge of the Horns :
Culture
Media
Arab-SAT
Nile-SAT
Arab Media Group
Arabian Television Network
Arab International Media Services
Al Arabiya
Al Jazeera
Arab Capital of Culture
Algiers (2007)
Jerusalem (2008)
Damascus (2009)
Doha (2010)
Arabic language
Cuisine
Art
Literature Mu'allaqat)
Dress
Sport
Pan Arab Games
Arab Champions League ( Cup Winners' Cup)
Arabian Gulf Cup
Arab Cup :
Demographics
Religion
Muslims (majority)
Christians
Jews
Yazidis
Shabaks
Mandaeans
Hinduism
Ethnicities
Arabs (Arabization)
Berbers
Kurds
Nubians
Somalis
other
Arab diaspora
Lifestyles
Bedouin
Marsh Arabs
Language
Arabic (majority)
Afar
Armenian
Berber
Hebrew
Kurdish
Nubian
Persian
Somali :
vte :
The Treaty of Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation of the League of Arab States (commonly, the Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty) is a treaty among the member states of the Arab League signed on 18 June 1950 in Cairo, Egypt.
The Treaty created two of the principal institutions of the Arab League:
* the Joint Defence Council
* the Economic Council (renamed Economic and Social Council in 1980)
Both councils report to the Council of the Arab League.
# Charles Lacheroy

Charles Lacheroy (22 August 1906 – 25 January 2005) was a French Army officer, theorist of counterinsurgency warfare, and member of the Organisation armée secrète.

## Biography

Lacheroy was born to a military family. His father was a decorated infantry second lieutenant (Legion of Honour and Croix de Guerre), killed on 2 August 1916 at Fleury, next to Douaumont fort. Lacheroy was raised by his grandfather, attended the Prytanée National Militaire, and graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1927 among the 20 best students of the promotion (promotion "Maroc-Syrie").
Lacheroy chose the Colonial infantry and obtained a commission as second lieutenant in the 3rd Méhariste company in Levant at Latakia, where he remained until 1935. Promoted to captain, Lacheroy served as instructor for the air group in Rabat from 1936. There, he met Antoine Argoud. Lacheroy married in 1937. From 1941, Lacheroy served in the staff of General de Lattre de Tassigny in Tunisia.
In 1951, he was sent to French Indochina, where he was tasked to protect a railroad to Saigon and secure the sector of Bien Hoa. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, Lacheroy was transferred to Paris and made director of the Centre d'études asiatiques et africaines (CEAA). There, he developed a theory of Counter-insurgency warfare, by then known as "psychological action". In 1954, he served as adviser to Defence minister Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, and Defence minister André Morice in 1956.
In 1958, Lacheroy was dismissed by Jacques Chaban-Delmas and sent to the Constantine Province. On 13 May, he was made director of information and psychological action services in Algiers. In December, he gave conferences at the École supérieure de guerre, and later made director of the École supérieure des officiers de réserve spécialistes d'état-major.
In the early 1960s, Lacheroy resigned his commission to organise a coup d'état against President Charles de Gaulle. For seven years, he lived underground, along with Antoine Argoud, Pierre Lagaillarde and Jo Ortiz, and directed the OAS. He was sentenced to death in absentia in April 1961. Lacheroy was amnestied in 1968. He returned to Paris, where he retired. Charles Lacheroy died on 25 January 2005 in Aix-en-Provence.
# Mithapukur Mosque

The Mithapukur Mosque is an early 19th-century mosque in Mithapukur, in the Rangpur District of Bangladesh. Evidence shows it was built in the Mughal era, and in recent years the Department of Archeology has listed it as an archaeological monument of Bangladesh.
The mosque is situated on Rangpur-Bogra highway, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the town of Rangpur District; northwest of Mithapukur at the Upazila headquarters.

## Overview

According to inscriptions, the mosque was built by Sheikh Mohammed Asin, the son of Sheikh Sabir and grandson of Sheikh Moazzam. It was completed on a Friday, in AH 1226 (1811/1812 CE).
The mosque has a rectangular base and three domes.
# Höffern

Höffern, von Höffer or von Hoeffer (fl. 1722), was a German noblewoman and fortune teller. She became famous in Sweden during the first half of the 18th century, where she has been called the first famous fortune teller in Stockholm.

## Life

She was born in a noble family in Pomerania in Germany named von Hoeffer, but in Sweden, her name was to be spelled von Höffer or simply Höffern. She moved to Sweden as a Lady's companion to a Swedish countess, Amalia Königsmarck, who lived in Germany for many years but moved back to Sweden in 1722. In Stockholm, she became an appreciated part of the aristocratic society of the Swedish capital: "This woman never made a fuss over her enlightenment, was very polite and well mannered and very loved and cherished by everyone."
Höffern was not a professional fortune teller, but she became famous for her predictions in high society, which she made of people by use of the physiognomy or by reading signs in the hands. She made several predictions which attracted attention. Among them was a prediction to King Frederick I of Sweden: "She predicted to the late King Fridric, that he would make the greatest and highest luck in the world through a woman".
In Hamburg, she happened to see the hand of an officer and cried out: "Oh my, what is this hand of a poor wretch!" When the officer apologized, she replied: "You have in no way offended me, but you will soon have a great misfortune." Some weeks later, his corpse was found outside the city, apparently killed by highway robbers.
During a game of Hazard (game), she warned countess Ascheberg of a dangerous fall: "She was as careful as ever, but still she fell in a garden upon a spot of ice and broke her hip, from which she was affected for the rest of her life; she held on to a miss Sass, but still fell and dragged her along with her."
She warned Charles Emil Lewenhaupt for hunting and rifles. Shortly afterward, he accidentally shot a hunter he mistook for a hare: "Not long after this, he created his own greatest misfortune and lost his head": Lewenhaupt was executed in 1743. Upon meeting countess Beata Elisabet Stenbock, whom she had never before met nor had been informed of, she predicted that Stenbock: "would be very lucky with sailors". The spouse of Stenbock, Carl Georg Siöblad, was made admiral in 1741 and high admiral in 1747.
Höffern and her predictions were described by Johan Wellander and kept at the National Library of Sweden.
# Hepburn Library

Hepburn Library is a historic library building located at Norfolk in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was designed by architects Rossiter & Muller and built in 1919–1920. It is a T-shaped, cross-gable-roofed Georgian Revival style brick building on a full, raised basement. Funding for its construction was provided by local philanthropist A. Barton Hepburn.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
# KIDO'Z

KIDOZ is a Content Discovery network designed for children. The platform is based upon a sophisticated COPPA compliant machine learning technology platform which analyses big data and knows to recommend the most relevant content for each and every kid based on their usage behaviour.

## Features

KIDOZ offer several solutions: Its stand-alone state-of-the-art Child Mode app which allows children to explore the World Wide Web and the full array of mobile and tablet devices safely. Parents may download the app for free from the Google Play Store and begin to empower their children to explore their interests independently and safely.
There is a password-protected Parental Control Account for parents to set account parameters. Some of the features of this account are security enhancement and content customisation tools, and the tools for the addition of new content.
KIDOZ for businesses provides kid developers and publishers an SDK/JS to integrate within their property and begin monetizing safely and easily. The kid-friendly recommendation widget creates engagement with users by offering them more FREE videos, games, and apps to discover and enjoy. Advertisers may promote their children's content on the network and get exposed to millions of targeted kids and enjoy high conversion rates and positive brand engagement.
The system is designed as a platform for user-generated content. All content is moderated and approved by a moderation team before it is allowed. The system blocks links, scripts and any other attempts that lead to sites and content that have not been approved.
The system is internally developed around what is termed a Smart Content Engine, which filters and individualizes content for users based on certain variables, such as age, gender and languages.
KIDOZ came out of its beta testing phase in May 2009 and v1.0 is available in 30 languages: English, German, Chinese Traditional, Chinese Simplified, French, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Czech, Dutch, Swedish, Turkish, Polish.
KIDOZ is available as a free download from its maker's website. The current categories are Websites, Videos and Games for children. It has been disclosed that future Freemium versions will include additional features, and that there will be a Premium model, offering certain specialized features at a small monthly fee.

## Background

The KIDOZ Kid's Web Environment Operating System is developed by KIDO'Z Ltd, an Israeli start-up based in Tel Aviv. The CEO is Gai Havkin.

## Business Model

KIDOZ currently follows the Freemium model as the application is available as a free download from the website. Future versions will include additional features, such as e-mail and instant messaging in a closed network. It has been revealed that in the next few months, KIDO’Z will launch its Premium Package that will offer additional tools, services and content.
# Señor Juez

"Señor Juez" (English: "Your Honor") is a song by Puerto Rican rapper Ozuna with Dominican singer Anthony Santos. It was released on November 4, 2021, by Aura Music Corp. and Sony Music Latin. They both performed this song live at the 22nd Annual Latin Grammy Awards on November 18, 2021.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2021–22) | Peak position |
| Dominican Republic Bachata (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Dominican Republic General (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Mexico Airplay (Billboard) | 3 |
| Mexico Mexico Español Airplay (Billboard) | 7 |
| Mexico Popular Airplay (Billboard) | 6 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 66 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 30 |
| US Latin Airplay (Billboard) | 16 |
| US Tropical Airplay (Billboard) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2021) | Position |
| US Tropical Airplay (Billboard) | 16 |
# Western Cwm

The Western Cwm (/kuːm/) is a broad, flat, gently undulating glacial valley basin terminating at the foot of the Lhotse Face of Mount Everest. It was named by George Mallory when he saw it in 1921 as part of the British Reconnaissance Expedition that was the first to explore the upper sections of Everest, searching for routes for future summit attempts; a cwm is a valley fully enclosed by mountains, from the Welsh word for "valley".
The Western Cwm is traversed by climbers using the southeast route to the summit of Everest and is typically accessed by climbing through the Khumbu Icefall. The central section is cut by massive lateral crevasses which bar entrance into the upper Western Cwm. In this section, climbers must cross to the far right, over to the base of Nuptse, to a narrow passageway known as the Nuptse corner. From there, climbers can see the upper 2,400 m (7,900 ft) of Everest—the first glimpse of Everest's upper slopes since arriving at Base Camp.
The snow-covered, bowl-shaped slopes surrounding the Western Cwm reflect and amplify solar radiation, warming the valley basin despite its high elevation of 6,000 m (20,000 ft) through 6,800 m (22,300 ft).
# Attila Kotányi

Attila Kotányi (Hungarian:; 1924 – 18 October 2003) was a poet, philosopher, writer and architect-urbanist.
In his early years in Budapest, Attila Kotányi belonged to the Budapest Dialogical School an intellectual circle of philosopher Lajos Szabó (with whom he maintained a philosophical conversation for 20 years) and Béla Hamvas. In 1956, after the failed Hungarian revolution, he emigrated with his family to Brussels where he continued studying and eventually graduated in urbanism.
In 1960 he became a member of the Situationist International (SI). His contributions to the SI's journal include Gangland and Philosophy (1960), Basic Program of the Bureau of Unitary Urbanism (1961) co-authored with Raoul Vaneigem, and Theses on the Paris Commune (1962) co-authored with Guy Debord and Raoul Vaneigem. He was excluded from the SI in December 1963. Later he moved to Düsseldorf, Germany, where he taught for 12 years at the Düsseldorf Art Academy. Beyond poetry and philosophical conversations he also painted and did smaller architectural works. In the 1990s he returned to Budapest where he pursued the last active period of his life, gathering a steady circle of young intellectuals in his Saturday afternoon conversations where he was elaborating on his Sabbath-theory, the radical suspension of activity. He died in Düsseldorf due to complications of a stroke.
# Michael Gibson (rugby union)

Michael Edward Gibson (born 3 March 1954) is an Irish former rugby union international. Born in Dublin, Gibson attended St Andrew's College and is a graduate of Trinity College Dublin.
Gibson, a 6 ft 6 in number eight, was capped ten times for Ireland, debuting in the 1979 Five Nations campaign. Most of his provincial rugby was with Leinster, with some matches for Munster, and he made an Irish Universities team for a tour of New Zealand during his time at Trinity College. His work with the Guinness Group brought him to various locations during his rugby career, with appearances at club level for Cork Constitution, Lansdowne and London Irish.
# Ishqeria

Ishqeria (transl. Lovers; Hindi pronunciation:) is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film written and directed by Prerna Wadhawan. The film stars Richa Chadda and Neil Nitin Mukesh in the lead roles. The dialogues are written by Radhika Anand. Ishqeria was theatrical released on 21 September 2018 after a delay of three years. The film's motion poster were released on 2 August 2018, followed by the theatrical trailer on 29 August 2018.

## Cast

* Richa Chadda as Kuhu
* Neil Nitin Mukesh as Raghav
* Gurbani Judge
* Mrinalini Sharma as Radhika
* Mridula Sathe

## Production

Ishqeria was shot between 2012 and 2014 in Mussoorie and Allahabad where the unit had faced problems due to the rough weather and production constraints. The film was slated to release in 2015, however due to Prerna's marriage, it was delayed.

## Soundtrack

The songs are composed by Rashid Khan, Papon and Wasim-Emraan. The lyrics are written by Rashid Khan, Protiqe Majumder, Ajay K. Garg and Haider Najmi.
# 1986 Hoshiarpur bus massacre

1986 Hoshiarpur Bus Massacre was a massacre of 24 Hindu bus-passengers by Khalistani militants. The bus massacre was the worst terrorist incident in Punjab of the year 1986. It occurred on Sunday, 30 November 1986, near Khuda located in the Hoshiarpur district in the northern state of Punjab, India close to the Indo-Pak border.
According to the local police officials four Khalistani militants carrying automatic weapons (AK-47) and revolvers hijacked public bus No. PJG 7284, shouting pro-Khalistan slogans and taking it to a remote area. The terrorists then commanded all Hindu passengers to get off the bus. While the passengers were getting down, the terrorists opened fire on them killing twenty-four of them and injuring seven with gunshots. The gunmen then fled the location after the killings in motorcycles and scooters.

## Objective

The goal of the terrorists behind the massacre was to drive out the millions of Hindus living in the Punjab state and force the Sikhs living in the other states of India to move in. This would have enabled the Sikh separatists to claim the Punjab state as a sovereign country of Khalistan. Thousands of refugees belonging to the Hindu religion from Punjab had already moved to New Delhi to escape the communal violence.
In July same year, after a similar incident of the killing of 15 people in Muktsar in July, Hindu-Sikh riots had broken out in western part of New Delhi, where a majority of Hindu refugees from Punjab lived. Five people were killed in those Riots. The Police in New Delhi were put on increased vigilance with more patrolling to prevent a similar rioting that had happened in July.

## Reactions

The Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, made a condolence statement on the Sunday night where he had expressed sympathy for the "sorrowing mothers, fathers, wives and children of the victims." He said, "I am with them in this moment of grief, and I resolve with them not to rest until we have conquered the evil designs of disruptive forces,". The attack was called a "grave provocation to secularism, love and brotherhood, the basic principles of new, resurgent India."
The Governor of Punjab, S.S. Ray, called the incident an "act of madness" and he requested both the Sikhs and the Hindus in the state to maintain peace by keeping restraint.
According to the Police director of Punjab, Julio Ribeiro, in the last 11 months, more than 400 civilians were killed with an overall figure of more than 450 killed in sectarian violence in Punjab.
# Palatinate-Simmern and Zweibrücken

Palatinate-Simmern and Zweibrücken (German: Pfalz-Simmern-Zweibrücken) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based in the Simmern and Zweibrücken in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Palatinate-Simmern and Zweibrücken was created in 1410 out of the partition of the Palatinate after the death of King Rupert III for his son Stephen. In 1444 the County of Veldenz was added to the state but later in the year Stephen partitioned his territories between his sons Frederick (who received Simmern) and Louis (who received Zweibrücken and Veldenz). In 1448, Stephen inherited half the territories of Palatinate-Neumarkt but sold them to Palatinate-Mosbach.

## Count Palatine

* Stephen, 1410–59