# England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–1872)

Between 1870 and 1872, the Football Association (FA) organised five representative association football matches between teams representing England and Scotland, all held in London. The first of these matches was held at The Oval on 5 March 1870, and the fifth was on 21 February 1872. The matches, which were organised by Charles W. Alcock, are the precursors to modern international football and were referred to as internationals at the time. They are not recognised, however, as full internationals by FIFA as the players competing in the Scotland team were drawn only from London-based Scottish players. They were followed by the 1872 match in Glasgow between Scotland and England which is recognised as the first international match.

## The first match

The 1870 match was initiated by Charles W. Alcock who placed advertisements in Scottish newspapers, including the following letter in the Glasgow Herald on 3 November 1870 regarding the second of the five fixtures:
   FOOTBALL. ENGLAND V SCOTLAND. Sir, will you allow me a few lines in your newspaper to notify to Scotch players that a match under the above title will take place in London on Sat 10th inst., according to the rules of the Football Association. It is the object of the committee to select the best elevens at their disposal in the two countries, and I cannot but think that the appearance of some of the more prominent celebrities of football on the northern side of the Tweed would do much to disseminate a healthy feeling of good fellowship among the contestants and tend to promote a still greater extent the extension of the game...
The first match, then, was organised by the FA and resulted in a 1–1 draw. The match was delayed two weeks from its advertised date due to excessive frost which had made the ground "dangerously unfit for play". Alcock captained the England team whilst Scotland were led by James Kirkpatrick. The match was 0–0 when the teams changed end at half-time – a rule that The Sporting Gazette of Saturday 12 March 1870 described as new – but Scotland took a lead through a goal by Robert Crawford after England had moved their goalkeeper upfield. England fought back to score through Baker to salvage a draw before the end of the game. W. H. Gladstone, an MP and son of the sitting Prime Minister W. E. Gladstone, appeared for Scotland and, according to the Manchester Guardian, "did good service on the part of the Scottish team".
| | Alfred H. Thornton |
| | Charles W. Alcock (c) |
| | Edward E. Bowen |
| | Alfred J. Baker |
| | William C. Butler |
| | William P. Crake |
| | Evelyn Freeth |
| | Edgar Lubbock |
| | Alexander Nash |
| | Giulio C. Smith |
| | Walpole Vidal |
| Team selection: ||
| Charles W. Alcock ||
| | James Kirkpatrick (c) |
| | Robert Crawford |
| | William H. Gladstone MP |
| | George C. Gordon |
| | Charles R. Baillie-Hamilton |
| | William A. Baillie-Hamilton |
| | Arthur F. Kinnaird |
| | William Lindsay |
| | John Wingfield Malcolm MP |
| | Alexander Morten |
| | Kenneth A. Muir Mackenzie |
| Team selection: ||
| Arthur Kinnaird ||

## Subsequent matches

The following four matches were held on: 19 November 1870, 25 February 1871, 17 November 1871 and 24 February 1872. All matches were advertised in Scottish newspapers, but the players were drawn from those who played by Football Association rules – still limited at the time and largely consisting of only London-based Scottish players. England were victorious 1–0 in the November 1870 match, 2–1 in the November 1871 match and 1–0 in the February 1872 match; the February 1871 match was drawn 1–1. The only recorded attendance figure known is 650, from the second match. Formation data does not exist from three of the matches, but it is known that in the third and fifth matches both teams lined up with a '1–1–8' formation.

### Player appearances

The following players appeared in the five matches:
| Player | Club(s) | Appearances | Goals |
| Charles W. Alcock | Wanderers and Harrow Pilgrims | 5 | |
| Alfred J. Baker | N.N. Club and Wanderers | 3 | 1 |
| Thomas S. Baker | Clapham Rovers | 1 | |
| Morton Betts | West Kent, Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 2 | |
| Alexander Bonsor | Wanderers | 1 | |
| Edward E. Bowen | Wanderers | 1 | |
| William C. Butler | Barnes Club and Civil Service | 2 | |
| Thomas N. Carter | Eton College | 1 | |
| Charles Chenery | Crystal Palace and Wanderers | 1 | |
| Charles Clegg | Wednesday | 1 | 1 |
| John Cockerell | Brixton Club | 2 | |
| William Crake | Harrow School, Barnes Club, Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 4 | |
| Evelyn Freeth | Civil Service and Wanderers | 1 | |
| Thomas Hooman | Wanderers | 3 | |
| Jarvis Kenrick | Clapham Rovers | 1 | |
| Edgar Lubbock | Old Etonians, West Kent and Wanderers | 5 | |
| Alexander Nash | Clapham Rovers and Wanderers | 1 | |
| Walter Paton | Harrow School | 1 | |
| Henry J. Preston | Eton College | 1 | |
| Giulio C. Smith | Crusaders and Wanderers | 1 | |
| Charles W. Stephenson | Westminster School and Wanderers | 3 | |
| Albert Thompson | Eton College and Wanderers | 2 | |
| Alfred H. Thornton | Old Harrovians and Wanderers | 1 | |
| Walpole Vidal | Westminster School, Wanderers and Old Westminsters | 5 | |
| Robert S. F. Walker | Clapham Rovers and Wanderers | 3 | 4 |
| Percy Weston | Barnes Club | 2 | |
| Charles Wollaston | Oxford University and Wanderers | 1 | |
| William Bailey | Civil Service | 1 | |
| Charles R. Baillie-Hamilton | Civil Service | 1 | |
| William A. Baillie-Hamilton | Old Harrovians | 1 | |
| Galfred Congreve | Old Rugbeians | 1 | |
| Fitzgerald H. Crawford | Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 2 | |
| Robert Crawford | Harrow School, Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 4 | 1 |
| Edward H.M. Elliot | Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 2 | |
| Harold S. Ferguson | Royal Artillery | 2 | |
| William H. Gladstone | Old Etonians and Wanderers | 2 | |
| George C. Gordon | No Names | 1 | |
| Quintin Hogg | Wanderers | 2 | |
| John F. Inglis | Charterhouse School and Wanderers | 1 | |
| Gilbert G. Kennedy | Wanderers | 1 | |
| Arthur Kinnaird | Crusaders and Wanderers | 3 | |
| James Kirkpatrick | Civil Service and Wanderers | 4 | |
| William Lindsay | Old Wykehamists, Rochester Club and Civil Service | 5 | |
| Frederick Maddison | Rochester Club and Oxford University | 1 | |
| John W. Malcolm | London Scottish Rifles | 1 | |
| Hugh Mitchell | Royal Engineers | 2 | |
| Alexander Morten | Crystal Palace and Wanderers | 1 | |
| Kenneth Muir Mackenzie | Old Carthusians | 1 | |
| Montague Muir Mackenzie | Old Carthusians | 1 | |
| Charles Nepean | Oxford University and Wanderers | 4 | 1 |
| Gilbert E. Primrose | Civil Service | 1 | |
| Henry Primrose | Civil Service | 1 | |
| Edward V. Ravenshaw | Charterhouse School | 1 | |
| Henry W. Renny-Tailyour | Royal Engineers | 1 | 1 |
| Arnold Kirke Smith | Civil Service and Oxford University | 2 | |
| Robert Smith | Queen's Park | 3 | |
| Henry H. Stewart | Wanderers | 1 | |
| Charles Thompson | Cambridge University and Wanderers | 1 | |

## Reaction and the creation of international football

Following the games, there was resentment in Scotland that their team did not contain more home grown players. Alcock himself was categorical about where he felt responsibility for this fact lay, writing in the Scotsman newspaper:
   "I must join issue with your correspondent in some instances. First, I assert that of whatever the Scotch eleven may have been composed the right to play was open to every Scotchman [Alcock's italics] whether his lines were cast North or South of the Tweed and that if in the face of the invitations publicly given through the columns of leading journals of Scotland the representative eleven consisted chiefly of Anglo-Scotians ... the fault lies on the heads of the players of the north, not on the management who sought the services of all alike impartially. To call the team London Scotchmen contributes nothing. The match was, as announced, to all intents and purposes between England and Scotland".
Many of the players in Scotland did not play to the FA's rules at the time, inhibiting the possibility of a truly representative match between the two countries. Eventually, the FA decided in its minutes of 3 October 1872 note that:
   In order to further the interests of the Association in Scotland, it was decided that during the current season, a team should be sent to Glasgow to play a match v Scotland.
The challenge was eventually taken up by Queen's Park and this match, in 1872 is the earliest international football match recognised by FIFA, though at the time it was considered as a continuation of the previous internationals. In March 1873 the Scottish Football Association was created to support the coordination of football in Scotland, taking on responsibility for selecting Scottish teams, and the Football Association began to take the role as an English only organisation.