OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Flanagan (bishop)

Thomas Joseph Flanagan (October 23, 1930 – October 9, 2019) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. He served as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of San Antonio in Texas from 1998 to 2005.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Thomas Flanagan was born on October 23, 1930, in Carbury, County Kildare, in the Republic of Ireland. He was the oldest of eight children born to Patrick and Mary McNamara Flanagan. Flanagan attended St Conleth's National School in Carbury and then Mungret College, a high school near Limerick. He then studied at St. Patrick's College, Thurles in Ireland. In 1956, on a visit to Ireland, Archbishop Robert E. Lucey recruited Flanagan to serve as a priest in Texas after his ordination.

### Priesthood

Flanagan was ordained into the priesthood on June 10, 1956, for the Diocese of San Antonio. After emigrating to the United States,Flanagan served in eight parishes in Texas. He also served as spiritual advisor of the Saint Vincent de Paul Society, Chairman of the Board of the archdiocese's Assumption Seminary, and diocesan chapter chaplain for its Knights of Columbus.
In 1969, Flanagan was appointed as administrator, then pastor, of St. Agnes Parish in Edna, Texas. Flanagan was awarded a Master of Divinity degree from the Oblate School of Theology in San Antonio in 1979. He was named a monsignor by Pope John Paul II on Nov. 29, 1989.

### Auxiliary Bishop of San Antonio

On January 5, 1998, Flanagan was appointed titular bishop for Bavagaliana and auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of San Antonio by Pope John Paul II. Flanagan was consecrated on February 16, 1998 at the Municipal Auditorium in San Antonio. His principal consecrator was Archbishop Patrick Flores. with Bishop Edmond Carmody, and Bishop John McCarthy as co-consecrators.

### Retirement

Flanagan retired as auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Antonio on December 15, 2005, at age 75 and died in San Antonio on October 9, 2019.
# Canadian Football League Players' Association

The Canadian Football League Players' Association (CFLPA) represents Canadian football players in the Canadian Football League (CFL). The association was established in 1965, when local lawyer John Agro became concerned by the number of Hamilton Tiger-Cats players approaching him with legal questions about contracts, medical coverage and pensions.
All CFLPA presidents have been active or retired CFL players. The first president was Gary Schreider, who had recently retired as a player for the Ottawa Rough Riders upon the union's founding. The current president (since 2020) is Solomon Elimimian.
In June 2010, the CFLPA and the CFL announced the details of a new four-year collective bargaining agreement.
The CFL's annual John Agro Special Teams Award, voted on by the players, is named for CFLPA co-founder and long-time legal counsel John Agro, QC.
On April 18, 2024, the CFLPA affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress.

## Presidents

* Gary Schreider (1965–1970)
* Mike Wadsworth (1970–1971)
* Greg Findlay (1971–1972)
* George Reed (1972–1981)
* Ed Chalupka (1981–1986)
* George Reed (1986–1993)
* Dan Ferrone (1993–2000)
* Stu Laird (2000–2012)
* Mike Morreale (2012–2014)
* Scott Flory (2014–2016)
* Jeff Keeping (2016–2020)
* Solomon Elimimian (2020–present)
# Gaffer

Gaffer may refer to:

## Media

* The Gaffer (TV series), a British comedy television series of the early 1980s
* Gaffer Gamgee, a hobbit character in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings franchise
* Gaffer, a character in The Muppets
* A nickname used by the perpetrator in the Sheffield incest case

## Other uses

* Gaffer (boss), a British colloquial term for "boss", "foreman" or "old man"
* Gaffer (occupation), the head of the electrical/lighting department in film or television production
* Gaffer District (Corning, New York), a historic district of downtown Corning
* Gaffer tape, or Gaffa tape, a type of adhesive tape
* Gaffer, a person who blows glass
* Gaffer (sailor), of a gaff rig boat
# Paddy Harte

Patrick Harte OBE (26 July 1931 – 8 January 2018) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served for 36 years as Teachta Dála (TD) for Donegal North-East.

## Early life and family

He was born in 1931 in Lifford, County Donegal. His son, Jimmy Harte, is a former Labour Party Senator.

## Political career

He was first elected to the 17th Dáil at the 1961 general election, and re-elected at eleven further general elections. From 1981 to 1982, he was Minister of State at the Department of Posts and Telegraphs in Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald's government. At the 1989 European Parliament election, he was an unsuccessful candidate in the Connacht–Ulster constituency. He temporarily lost the Fine Gael whip when he abstained in a vote on the Regulation of Information (Services Outside the State For Termination of Pregnancies) Bill 1995 proposed by the government.
He lost his seat at the 1997 general election to the Independent Fianna Fáil candidate Harry Blaney, and unsuccessfully contested the 1997 election to the 21st Seanad for the Industrial and Commercial Panel. After this, he retired from politics.

## Post-retirement

After his retirement, he was involved in a number of projects, including (along with Glenn Barr) the Messines Island of Ireland Peace Park in West Flanders in Belgium. This park was officially opened in November 1998 by President Mary McAleese, Queen Elizabeth II and King Albert II of Belgium to commemorate all Irishmen who died in World War I.
Harte died the morning of 8 January 2018 at the age of 86. The Dáil heard tributes to him in December 2018.

## Awards

He was appointed an Honorary OBE in October 2006 for his ecumenical works. He received an honorary doctorate of laws from the National University of Ireland in September 2007 in recognition of his contribution to politics.

## Publications

* Harte, Paddy (2005). Young Tigers and Mongrel Foxes: A life in politics. Dublin: The O'Brien Press.
# Vanina Biasi

Vanina Natalia Biasi (born 27 October 1973) is an Argentine national deputy, representing the city of Buenos Aires.
She assumed her seat in June 2024, taking over from Myriam Bregman.
She is a member of the Workers' Party within the Workers' Left Front

## Political career
### 2023 Elections

In the elections of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in 2023, after surpassing the list of Jorge Adaro of the Socialist Left in the PASO, Biasi was the candidate for Head of Government for FIT-U, accompanied by Jessica Gentile of the MST as a candidate for Vice Head of Government, obtaining 4.28% of the votes.

### National Deputy

In June 2024, after the resignation of Myriam Bregman due to the FIT-U bench rotation agreement, Biasi assumed the position of national representative for the City of Buenos Aires.
At his inauguration, Biasi swore for the women's and diversities movement, for the piquetero movement, for the rights of the working class, for ending capitalist barbarism in the world, for the end of the genocide in Palestine, for a workers' government and for socialism.
# Tomonaga Sanjūrō

Tomonaga Sanjūrō (朝永 三十郎, Tomonaga Sanjūrō, 1871–1951) was a Japanese academic and esteemed professor emeritus of medieval, renaissance, early modern, and Kantian philosophy at the University of Kyoto during the early 20th century. He was one of the leading thinkers of the Kyoto School.
His son, Shinichirō Tomonaga, is also renowned for receiving the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of quantum electrodynamics.

## Life

Tomonaga was born in Nagasaki Prefecture the second son of Tomonaga Jinjirō, a samurai of the Ōmura Domain, in 1871. After graduating from Nagasaki Ōmura Junior High School (now known as Nagasaki Prefectural Omura High School) and then First Higher School, he entered the Tokyo Imperial University. After graduating, he became the assistant professor of philosophy at Kyoto Imperial University in 1907 and then full professor in 1913. He mainly lectured on Western philosophy and history of philosophy, and along with Nishida Kitarō and Tanabe Hajime, constituted the important intellectual Kyoto School movement of modern Japan.
Tomonaga was well known to be an unprolific writer but left a prestigious body of work and was mentor to many renowned Japanese philosophers, including Amano Teiyū, Obara Kuniyoshi, Yamauchi Tokuryū and Kosaka Masaaki. He retired from Kyoto Imperial University in 1931 and then became full professor at Ōtani University.

## Works

* (1902) An Introduction to Philosophy (哲学綱要).
* (1905) A Dictionary of Philosophy (哲学辞典).
* (1907) Philosophy and Life (哲学と人生).
* (1909) Philosophy of Person and Philosophy of Beyond Person (人格の哲学と超人格の哲学).
* (1916) The History of Self-consciousness in relation to the Self of Modernity: New Idealism and Its Context (近世に於ける「我」の自覚史 新理想主義と其背景).
* (1922) Kant's Theory of Peace (カントの平和論).
* (1925) Decartes (デカート).
* (1936) Meditations of Descartes(デカルト省察録)
* (1948) A Short Work for the History of Philosophy: Rousseau, Kant, and Lotze (哲学史的小品 ルソー・カント・ロッツェ).
* (1949) "Philosophy From Renaissance to Kant" in Vol. 1 of the History of Western Philosophy (西洋近世哲学史 第1冊 ルネッサンス及び先カントの哲学).

### Collected essays

* Tomonaga Sanjūrō, The Collected Essays of Prof. Tomonoga in Honor of His 60th Birthday, eds. Amano Tenyū (Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1931).
# Trivizas

Trivizas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eugene Trivizas (born 1946), Greek sociologist and children's author
* Sotiris Trivizas (born 1960), Greek poet, essayist and translator
# Jade Starling

Jade Starling (born January 19, 1960) is an American singer-songwriter, and the lead vocalist for 1980s band Pretty Poison. She lives in New Jersey. Starling is a gay-rights activist and a supporter of same-sex marriage. She also speaks phonetic Spanish and often records songs in both Spanish and English.

## Philanthropy

Starling has worked as a gay-rights activist, performing on behalf of many gay-rights benefits including gay-rights parades and LGBT benefits. In 1997, her song "Let Freedom Ring" was used to help further the concept of legalizing gay marriage. She has also been active in the "Ball Community" through her work with Jay Blahnik.

## Musical career
### Pretty Poison

Starling has appeared on various Billboard Charts 9 times since 1984. Topping the Dance/Club chart 3 times with 2 of those club hits crossing over to both the Pop and R&B Chart.
* 1984 – "Nightime" – No. 13 Dance Svengali Records
* 1987 – "Catch Me (I'm Falling)" – No. 1 Dance, No. 8 Pop, No. 13 R&B – Svengali/Virgin
* 1988 – "Nightime" – No. 1 Dance, No. 36 Pop, No. 64 R&B
* 1997 – "Let Freedom Ring" – No. 17 Dance
* 1998 – "Catch Me 98" – No. 43 Dance
* 1998 – "My Heart Will Go On" – No. 37 Dance
* 1998 – "Honey Brown" – #41 Dance
* 2013 – "Insomniak" – No. 31 Dance
* 2014 – "Think About U" – No. 14 Dance
* 2015 – "Better & Better" – No. 3 Dance
She has released 4 LPS since 1988.
* 1988 – Catch Me (I'm Falling)
* 1995 – Sex in Violets - Deflowered
* 1997 – Pretty Poison's Greatest Hits Vol. 1
* 1998 – Euphoria – very rare as it was recalled shortly after its release.
* 2014 – Captive – Jade Starling solo LP
Starling has received numerous awards along with Pretty Poison founder and long time co-writer Whey Cooler.
# Silver Cave

Silver Cave (Chinese: 银子岩; pinyin: yín zi yán) is a national AAAA level scenic spot in Lipu County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province of China, 85 km from Guilin and 18 km away from Yangshuo.
Silver Cave lies in typical karst landscape, running through 12 hills. The cave is a floor-type cave, with three layers and more than ten scenic spots and different types of stalactites, which are crystal clear and sparkling like silver, giving the cave its name. The most three famous scenic areas are "Snow-Mountain With Waterfall" (Chinese: 雪山飞瀑; pinyin: xuěshān fēi pù), "Music Stone Screen" (Chinese: 音乐石屏; pinyin: yīnyuè shí píng), and "Jade Pool Wonderland" (Chinese: 瑶池仙境; pinyin: yáochí xiānjìng). In early 1999 it was listed as a "Guilin tourism scenic spot of civilization demonstration".
There is a Chinese proverb: "Anyone who has been to Silver Cave will never be short of money".
# Caseres

Caseres (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of la Terra Alta in Catalonia, Spain.
This town is located in picturesque surroundings, but many wind turbines are being constructed in the Serra dels Pesells hills nearby. The name of the village appears already in 1153 in documents of the Miravet castle, which belonged at that time to the Knights Templar order, and later to the Knights Hospitaller in 1359.
Presently the town derives some income from rural tourism.
# Anders Bagge

Sven Anders Bagge (Swedish pronunciation:; born 16 January 1968) is a Swedish composer, lyricist, musician and record producer.
Bagge is one half of the songwriter-producer duo Bagge & Peer, together with Peer Åström. He is also known for his frequent appearances as a judge on the TV series Idol on the Swedish TV4 channel, and for being a co-founder of the Stockholm-based music production company Murlyn Music Group.

## Early life

Bagge grew up in a family of musicians. His father, Sven-Olof Bagge, also worked as a producer and songwriter during the 20th century. Looking up to his father, Anders began practicing the trumpet and piano as a child. At seventeen years old, he started producing. By his early twenties, he started discovering artists. He also worked for some time with Cheiron before deciding to work independently.

## Music career

In the early 1990s, Bagge was a member of the group Legacy of Sound. He formed Murlyn in 1997, and would have a big hit the following year, co-writing and co-producing the song Because of You, performed by the American boy band 98 Degrees, which peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum in the United States.
He has written and produced songs for Westlife, Janet Jackson, Celine Dion, Madonna, Santana, Jennifer Lopez, Anastacia, Nick Lachey, Jessica Simpson, Samantha Mumba, Lara Fabian, Enrique Iglesias, Ace of Base and Ashley Tisdale, among others. In 2005, he was awarded Best Pop Song at the BMI London Awards, for producing Janet Jackson's "All Nite (Don't Stop)."
Bagge has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest twice as a songwriter, both times representing Azerbaijan; in 2010 with the song "Drip Drop" performed by Safura Alizadeh, and in 2012 with the song "When the Music Dies", performed by Sabina Babayeva. In 2022, he participated as a solo performer in Melodifestivalen with the song "Bigger than the Universe", hoping to represent his native Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. In the final, the song received the highest number of audience points, but ultimately finished second to Cornelia Jakobs' "Hold Me Closer".

## Other ventures

Bagge is known in Sweden for his many TV appearances, including as a judge on talent shows Idol and Made in Sweden, and as a contestant in Körslaget, Hela kändis-Sverige bakar, and Masked Singer Sverige.

## Personal life

Bagge was married to singer Laila Bagge Wahlgren between 1994 and 2001. In August 2018, Bagge married Johanna Lind, another music artist. Their wedding was the subject of a reality TV series, Cirkus Bagge, on Sjuan.
Bagge was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 2013.

## Discography
### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | SWE | Album |
| "Bigger than the Universe" | 2022 | 2 | Non-album single |

## Publication

* Bagge, Anders; Bjurberg, Helén (2019). Mitt liv [My life] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Månpocket. ISBN 978-91-7503-960-2. OCLC 1096232378. Autobiography.
# SK 48

SK 48 is a fossilized skull of the species Paranthropus robustus. It was found at Swartkrans, South Africa, in 1950 by a quarry-worker. Estimated to be about 1.8 million years old, it is characterized by a robust appearance, bulging and continuous brow, broad flat face and a deep jaw with large chewing teeth/muscle attachments. It retained a canine, premolar and three molars. SK 48 was an adult at the time of death, indicated by all three molars being present. In 1952, paleontologist Robert Broom inferred that it is a female due to the diminutive sagittal crest.
The mandible SK 23 was discovered at the same time and in the same location. Even though studies indicate that it came from a separate individual, the two fossils are considered so closely related that they can be studied together. The mandible is also very robust and contains a complete dentition.
# Sajad Shaheen

Sajad Shaheen is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Banihal Assembly constituency as a Member of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference party.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Votes % | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote % |
| 2024 | Banihal | JKNC | Won | 36.37% | Imtiaz Ahmed Shan | JKPDP | 29.66% |
| 2014 | Banihal | JKNC | Lost | 22.55% | Vikar Rasool Wani | INC | 30.65% |
| 2008 | Banihal | JKNC | Lost | 9.56% | Vikar Rasool Wani | INC | 17.38% |
# Bovera

Bovera (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in Catalonia in Spain. The village is in the comarca (county) of les Garrigues in the region of Lleida. Bovera is close to the town of Flix. The usually dry River Cana valley leads to the Ebre river at Flix.
In early November 2015 there was unusual rain that caused local flooding that was reported as particularly severe compared with other areas. Damage to 20 or 30% of crops such as olives over more than 1000 hectares was estimated.

## Demography

The population of Bovera in 2014 was 290.
# Acheilognathidae

The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinoid family Acheilognathidae. This subfamily contains seven genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in Acheilognathus, and at least 75 described species to date. Over half of the species are in the genus Acheilognathus.

## Genera

Acheilognathidae contains the following genera:
* Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859
* Paratanakia Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014
* Pseudorhodeus Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014
* Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832
* Sinorhodeus Li, Liao & Arai, 2017
* Tanakia D. S. Jordan & W. F. Thompson, 1914
# Bolbe

In Greek mythology, Bolbe (/ˈbɒlbiː/; Ancient Greek: Βόλβη) was a beautiful lake goddess or nymph, who dwelled in a Macedonian lake of the same name (modern Lake Volvi). Like other lake gods and goddesses, Bolbe's offspring were Limnades, nymphs who live in freshwater lakes. According to Athenaeus, Bolbe was the mother of Olynthus by Heracles.

## Note

* ↑ Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 8.334e
# Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air

From 1848 to 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau used a toothed wheel apparatus to perform absolute measurements of the speed of light in air.
Subsequent experiments performed by Marie Alfred Cornu from 1872 to 1876 improved the methodology and made more accurate measurements.

## Fizeau's determination of the speed of light

In 1848–49, Hippolyte Fizeau determined the speed of light using an intense light source at the bell tower of his father's holiday home in Suresnes, and a mirror 8,633 meters away on Montmartre. The light source was interrupted by a rotating cogwheel with 720 notches that could be rotated at a variable speed several times a second. (Figure 1) Fizeau increased the rotation speed of the cogwheel until light passing through one notch of the cogwheel would be completely eclipsed by the adjacent tooth. At 12.6 rotations per second, the light was eclipsed. At twice this speed (25.2 rotations per second), it was again visible as it passed through the next notch. At 3 times the speed it was again eclipsed. Given the rotational speed of the wheel and the distance between the wheel and the mirror, Fizeau was able to calculate a value of 2 × 8633m × 720 × 25.2/s = 313,274,304 m/s for the speed of light. Fizeau's value for the speed of light was 4.5% too high. The correct value is 299,792,458 m/s. It was difficult for Fizeau to visually estimate the intensity minimum of the light being blocked by the adjacent teeth. Other sources of error include the measurement of the distance from the wheel to the mirror, and the measurement of the speed of rotation of the wheel. Fizeau's paper appeared in Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires de séances de l’Academie de Sciences (Paris, Vol. 29 [July–December 1849], pp. 90–92).

## Cornu's refinement of the Fizeau experiment

At the behest of the Paris Observatory under Urbain Le Verrier, Marie Alfred Cornu repeated Fizeau's 1848 toothed wheel measurement in a series of experiments from 1872 to 1876. The goal was to obtain a value for the speed of light accurate to one part in a thousand. Cornu's equipment allowed him to monitor high orders of extinction, up to the 21st order. Instead of estimating the intensity minimum of the light being blocked by the adjacent teeth, a relatively inaccurate procedure, Cornu made pairs of observations on either side of the intensity minima, averaging the values obtained with the wheel spun clockwise and counterclockwise. An electric circuit recorded the wheel rotations on a chronograph chart, which enabled precise rate comparisons against the observatory clock. A telegraph key arrangement allowed Cornu to mark the precise moments when he judged that extinction had been entered on this same chart or exited. His final experiment was run over a path nearly three times as long as that used by Fizeau. This experiment yielded a figure of 300,400,000 m/s, which is 0.2% above the actual value.
# Long Lake (Lake County, South Dakota)

Long Lake is a natural lake in South Dakota, in the United States.
Long Lake was descriptively named on account of the lake's relatively long outline.
# Byais

Byais (also spelled bya-is, biya-is, or biyais), is a traditional Filipino wine from the Mansaka people of Davao de Oro. It is made from boiled lengkuas (pal'la, palla, panla, or pangla in Mansaka) mixed with honey or sugarcane juice which are then fermented in tightly sealed earthen jars (tadyaw). It has a sharp flavor reminiscent of citrus fruits or pine needles.
# Moplah sword

The Moplah sword or Sumraal Khanjar is a sword used by the Malabar Muslim population in the Malabar Coast in southwestern India. The sword has been used since medieval times.
It is also known as the ayda katti.

## Characteristics

The Moplah sword has a wide blade that is broader near to the tip and runs slightly concave. The blade is polished smooth, with no hollow-ground. In some versions, the blade has a strong middle section, which extends up into the tip. The hilt can be made of wood, horn or bone. The pommel is often covered with a metal disk. At the transition between the blade and hilt, decorations are often found, and they are made of silver or brass. These decorations are of traditional or religious significance in most cases.
The blades are about 35 cm (14 in) long, at the widest point about 10 cm (3.9 in) wide and the sword has a total length of about 60 cm (24 in).
The sword is held in a belt worn on the back with the blade facing upwards. It is not kept in a scabbard.

## History

The Moplah sword is named after the Muslim Mappilahs, an Indian Muslim community.
# Teddy Heri Setiawan

Teddy Heri Setiawan (born 21 April 1991) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga 2 club Persipa Pati.

## Club career

Setiawan joined Indonesia Super League club Arema in November 2017. He was released in July 2018. Then he played for Martapura, Persiba Balikpapan and Babel United during 2018 and 2019.
In February 2020, Persiraja Banda Aceh confirmed that he will join to the club to compete in 2020 Liga 1. This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021.