OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mandaya language

Mandaya is an Austronesian language of Mindanao in the Philippines. It may be intelligible with Mansaka. Mandaya is a language native to some parts of Davao Oriental, Mindanao.

## Geographical distribution

Ethnologue reports that Mandaya is spoken in Manay, Caraga, Baganga, and Cateel municipalities of Davao Oriental Province, as well as in Davao del Norte Province.

## Varieties

Ethnologue lists the following varieties of Mandaya.
* Carraga Mandaya
* Cateeleño
* Manay Mandayan
* Mandaya
* Cataelano
* Karaga
* Sangab
* Mangaragan Mandaya
Pallesen (1985) lists the following varieties of Mandaya.
* Kabasagan
* Caragan
* Boso: spoken just inland from Mati, Davao Oriental
* Maragusan
* Mandaya Islam (or Kalagan Piso): spoken on the east coast of Davao Gulf directly east of Davao City, in Davao del Norte.
# SN1CB mechanism

In coordination chemistry, the S$_N$1cB (conjugate base) mechanism describes the pathway by which many metal amine complexes undergo substitution, that is, ligand exchange. Typically, the reaction entails reaction of a polyamino metal halide with aqueous base to give the corresponding polyamine metal hydroxide:
    ${\ce {[Co(NH3)5Cl]^2+ + OH- -> [Co(NH3)5OH]^2+ + Cl-}}$
The rate law for the reaction is:
    $r=k[\mathrm {Co(NH_{3})_{5}Cl^{2+}} ][\mathrm {OH} ^{-}]$
The rate law is deceptive: hydroxide serves not as a nucleophile but as a base to deprotonate the coordinated ammonia. Simultaneously with deprotonation, the halide dissociates. Water binds to the coordinatively unsaturated complex followed by proton transfer to give the hydroxy complex. The conjugate base resulting from deprotonation of the amine is rarely observed.
# Professional association

A professional association (also called a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.

## Roles

The roles of professional associations have been variously defined: "A group of people in a learned occupation who are entrusted with maintaining control or oversight of the legitimate practice of the occupation;" also a body acting "to safeguard the public interest;" organizations which "represent the interest of the professional practitioners," and so "act to maintain their own privileged and powerful position as a controlling body." Professional associations are ill defined although often have commonality in purpose and activities. In the UK the Science Council defines a professional body as "an organisation with individual members practicing a profession or occupation in which the organisation maintains an oversight of the knowledge, skills, conduct and practice of that profession or occupation". The Quality Assurance Agency distinguishes between statutory bodies and regulators that "have powers mandated by Parliament to regulate a profession or group of professions and protect the use of professional titles" and professional bodies that "are independent membership organisations that oversee the activities of a particular profession and represent the interests of [their] members" and which "may offer registration or certification of unregulated occupations on a voluntary basis."
Many professional bodies are involved in accrediting degrees, defining and examining the skills and competencies necessary to practice, and granting professional certifications to indicate that a person is qualified in the subject area.
Many professional bodies also act as learned societies for the academic disciplines underlying their professions, such as the American Statistical Association.
# Qaleh, Kurdistan

Qaleh (Persian: قلعه) is a neighborhood in the city of Qorveh in the Central District of Qorveh County, Kurdistan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Badr Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Veyhaj.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The neighborhood is populated by Kurds.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Qaleh's population was 4,029 in 995 households, when it was a village in Badr Rural District. After the census, Qaleh merged with the city of Qorveh.
# As We Speak

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
As We Speak is a studio album by David Sanborn, released in 1982 on Warner Bros. Records.
The album reached No. 70 on the Billboard 200, number 32 on Billboard's R&B Albums chart and number 1 on Billboard's Jazz Albums chart.

## Personnel

* David Sanborn – alto saxophone (1, 4, 5, 7, 8), saxophone section (1, 4), soprano saxophone (2, 3, 6, 9)
* Don Freeman – keyboards, synthesizers (2, 7, 8)
* Michael Sembello – guitars, lead vocals (5, 9), (5) background vocals, only guitars, (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)
* Marcus Miller – bass guitar, synthesizers (4)
* Omar Hakim – drums, tambourine (4)
* Paulinho da Costa – percussion
Additional musicians
* George Duke – clavinet (1)
* Lance Ong – synthesizers (2, 8)
* James Skelton – Hammond B3 organ (4)
* Spike – synthesizer and IRT strings (5, 6, 8, 9)
* Buzz Feiten – rhythm guitar (1)
* Malando Gassama – percussion (5)
* Bob Mintzer – bass clarinet (1)
* Bill Evans – saxophone (4), saxophone section (4)
* Robert A. Martin – French horn (9)
* Cruz Baca Sembello – backing vocals (5, 9)

### Production

* Robert Margouleff – producer
* Howard Siegel – engineer, mixing
* Karat Faye – second engineer
* Rudy Hill – assistant engineer
* Gregg Mann – assistant engineer
* Mike Morongell – assistant engineer
* Wayne Yurglin – assistant engineer
* Barbara Rooney – assistant engineer
* Stephen Marcussen – mastering at Precision Lacquer (Hollywood, CA).
* Ilyce Weiner – production coordinator
* Christine Sauers – art direction, design
* Richard Seireeni – art direction
* Kohei Onashi – illustration
* Michael Halsband – photography
* Patrick Raines & Associates – management
Sources:

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1982 | Billboard 200 | 70 |
| 1982 | Billboard Top Black Albums | 32 |
| 1982 | Billboard Jazz Albums | 1 |
# Zelczyna

Zelczyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skawina, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.
# Skelton, East Riding of Yorkshire

Skelton is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Kilpin, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, and a linear settlement on the east bank of the River Ouse. It is situated about 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Howden and 19 miles (31 km) south-east from the county town of York. Skelton lies within the constituency of Goole and Pocklington. In 1931 the parish had a population of 258.

## Civil parish

Skelton was formerly a township in the parish of Howden, from 1866 Skelton was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Kilpin, Eastrington and Howden.
# Torthorwald

Torthorwald is a village and civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Dumfries on the A709 road to Lochmaben. The area was the property of the de Torthorwald family until the end of the 13th century, when the estate passed by marriage to the Kirkpatricks. In 1418, William de Carleil married the Kirkpatrick heiress. He may have been the builder of Torthorwald Castle, which was erected around this time, possibly on top of an earlier a motte. Torthorwald was erected as a burgh of barony in 1473. Torthorwald Castle was occupied until 1715; only two of its walls still stand, to a height of around 18 metres (59 ft).
The pre-Reformation church at Torthorwald belonged to the Trinitarian Friars of Fail in Ayrshire. The present parish church was erected in 1782 on the site of this earlier foundation. Torthorwald is now within the united Parish of Kirkmichael, Tinwald and Torthorwald, which was created in 1981. The 19th-century missionary John Gibson Paton (1824–1907) grew up in Torthorwald. His evangelical work in the New Hebrides is commemorated in the church gate piers.
Another building of interest is a 19th-century cruck-framed and thatched cottage. Restored in the 1990s, the cottage is protected as a category A listed building, and is maintained by a local heritage association. The village has a hotel, a village hall, and formerly had a primary school which closed in 2010. An annual Scarecrow Fun Day involves villagers erecting scarecrows in their front gardens.

## Transport

There is a frequent bus service to Dumfries which takes about 15 minutes. The village was also previously served by the nearby Racks railway station which closed in 1965.
# Ptolemy XI Alexander II

Ptolemy XI Alexander II (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος, Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros) was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty who ruled Egypt for a few days in 80 BC. He was a son of Ptolemy X Alexander I and Cleopatra Selene.

## Biography

Ptolemy XI was born to Ptolemy X Alexander I and supposedly Cleopatra Selene. His uncle Ptolemy IX Lathryos died in 81 BC or 80 BC, leaving only his sole legitimate daughter as his heir, and so Cleopatra Berenice (= Berenice III) ruled alone for a time. Rome's Sulla wanted a pro-Roman ruler on the throne, and sent the young son of Ptolemy X to Egypt, displaying Ptolemy Alexander's will in Rome as supposed justification for this obvious interference.
The will also apparently required Ptolemy XI to marry Berenice III, who was his stepmother, cousin, and possible half-sister. Nineteen days after the marriage, Ptolemy murdered his bride for unknown reasons, an unwise move since Berenice was very popular. Ptolemy was soon lynched by the citizens of Alexandria.
He was succeeded by his cousin Ptolemy XII, an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX.
# List of current Iran governors-general

This is current list of Iranian provincial Governors General in the cabinet of Masoud Pezeshkian.

## List
### Legend

Reformist (7)
Principlist (4)
Military (0)
Iran governors-general :
| Province | Governor | Party | Prior public experience | Inauguration |
| Alborz | Mojtaba Abdollahi | Principlist | Executive Director | November 7, 2021 |
| Ardabil | Masoud Emami Yeganeh | Independent | Executive Director | November 17, 2024 |
| East Azerbaijan | Bahram Sarmast | Reformist | Executive Director | September 29, 2024 |
| West Azerbaijan | Reza Rahmani | Independent | Executive Director and MP of Iran | December 4, 2024 |
| Bushehr | Arsalan Zare | Independent | Executive Director | November 3, 2024 |
| Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | Jafar Mardani | Independent | Executive Director | November 6, 2024 |
| Fars | Hossein-Ali Amiri | Independent | Executive Director | October 9, 2024 |
| Gilan | Hadi Haghshenas | Reformist | Executive Director and MP of Iran | October 2, 2024 |
| Golestan | Ali-Asghar Tahmasbi | Independent | Executive Director | November 17, 2024 |
| Hamadan | Hamid Mollanouri Shamsi | Independent | Executive Director | September 29, 2024 |
| Hormozgan | Mohammad Ashouri Taziani | Independent | Executive Director | December 1, 2024 |
| Ilam | Ahmad Karami | Independent | Executive Director | November 6, 2024 |
| Isfahan | Mehdi Jamalinejad | Principlist | Executive Director | October 15, 2024 |
| Kerman | Mohammad Ali Talebi | Independent | Executive Director | November 10, 2024 |
| Kermanshah | Manouchehr Habibi | Independent | Executive Director | November 27, 2024 |
| North Khorasan | Bahman Nouri | Independent | Executive Director | October 27, 2024 |
| Razavi Khorasan | Gholam-Hossein Mozaffari | Reformist | Executive Director and MP of Iran | October 9, 2024 |
| South Khorasan | Mohammad-Reza Hashemi | Principlist | Executive Director | November 20, 2024 |
| Khuzestan | Mohammad-Reza Mavalizadeh | Independent | Executive Director and MP of Iran | October 20, 2024 |
| Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad | Yadollah Rahmani | Reformist | Executive Director | September 18, 2024 |
| Kurdistan | Arash Zarehtan Lahoni | Reformist | Executive Director and MP of Iran | September 18, 2024 |
| Lorestan | Saeed Shahrokhi | Reformist | Executive Director | October 20, 2024 |
| Markazi | Mahdi Zandiyeh Vakili | Independent | Executive Director | November 3, 2024 |
| Mazandaran | Mahdi Younesi Rostami | Independent | Executive Director | November 24, 2024 |
| Qazvin | Mohammad Nozari | Reformist | Executive Director | November 24, 2024 |
| Qom | Akbar Behnamjoo | Independent | Executive Director | October 20, 2024 |
| Semnan | Mohammad Javad Kolivand | Independent | Executive Director and MP of Iran | November 24, 2024 |
| Sistan and Baluchestan | Mansour Bijar | Independent | Executive Director | October 30, 2024 |
| Tehran | Mohammad-Sadegh Motamedian | Independent | Executive Director | October 20, 2024 |
| Yazd | Mohammad-Reza Babaei | Principlist | Executive Director | October 9, 2024 |
| Zanjan | Mohsen Sadeghi | Independent | Executive Director | November 20, 2024 |
# Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles

Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, an American physician, is the David S. Gottesman Professor of Immunology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. a specialist in primary immunodeficiency disorders. She is also director of the Immunodeficiency Clinic at Mount Sinai Hospital, and the program director of their Allergy Immunology Fellowship training program.

## Education

Cunningham-Rundles grew up in North Carolina, the daughter of Dr. Wayne Rundles and Professor Mary Alice Cunningham-Rundles. She graduated from Duke University in 1965 with a bachelor's degree in zoology. She received a M.D, in 1969 from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, completed in 1972 her internship and residency at Bellevue Hospital in New York City, and received a Ph.D. in immunology in 1974 from New York University School of Medicine,

## Career

She specializes in allergy and immunology. She worked as the director of the immunodeficiency clinic at Sloan-Kettering Memorial Hospital until she moved to Mount Sinai Hospital in 1986. She is currently the David S. Gottesman Professor of Immunology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. She is also a professor of medicine and pediatrics at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and a member of the Immunology institute. She is the director of the Immunodeficiency Clinic at Mount Sinai, where she treats patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders. She also does important drug research related to immunodeficiency disorders. And, she is the director of the Allergy Immunology Fellowship training program. According to her Mt Sinai hospital profile,"Rundles is an expert in the more than 150 Primary Immune Deficiency diseases, conditions that result from genetic defects of the immune system." Rundle has earned the Clinical Immunology Society President's Award, the Boyle Award Immune Deficiency Foundation award, the Abbott Award from the American Society for Microbiology due to her notable contributions to research in Immunology.

## Memberships, societies, and committees

She is a fellow of
* the American Federation for Clinical Research,
* the American College of Physicians,
* the American Association of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, where she is chair of the research committee.
She is a member of
* American Board of Internal Medicine
* American Association of Immunologists
* Clinical Immunology Society, (secretary treasurer, 1994–1999, elected councilor, 1999, publications chair; president, 2003–2004)
* European Society for Immune Deficiency
* The Mucosal Immune Society
* The Harvey Society
* The Henry Kunkel Society
# Curtis Green

Curtis Green (born June 3, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). Green was selected in the second round by the Detroit Lions out of Alabama State University in the 1981 NFL draft. He played nine seasons for the Lions.
# Wilfrid Butt

Wilfrid Roger Butt (2 May 1922 – 1 May 2006) was an English biochemist and reproductive endocrinologist. He pioneered the isolation and purification of several hormones, particularly follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), from cadavers, and used his isolates of FSH to treat female infertility.

## Early life and education

Wilfrid Butt was born in 1922 in Southampton and later moved with his family to Rochester, Kent. In Rochester, he attended Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School from 1933 to 1939. He was recruited into the Ministry of Supply as a chemist at the Royal Arsenal in his final year of school. While working at the Royal Arsenal during the Second World War, he completed a Bachelor of Science in chemistry at London University in 1944.

## Career

After the war, Butt began working at the London Hospital as a research assistant to the endocrinologist Carl Crooke. He moved with Crooke to the Birmingham and Midlands Hospital for Women in 1948, where their research focused on the pituitary-ovarian-uterine axis and female infertility. This was the subject of the PhD he earned in 1954 and a DSc in 1968. Butt became a consultant endocrinologist at Birmingham in 1964, and in 1970 he took over from Crooke as the head of the department of endocrinology. Butt's laboratory was among the first to isolate follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and prolactin from the pituitary glands of cadavers, when other research groups were extracting the same hormones from urine. The hormones Butt isolated were considered so pure compared to other isolates that they were used as references in the standardisation of hormones. In the 1960s he also pioneered a programme that treated infertile women who had ovarian failure with his isolates of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Butt served as a Special Professor in Clinical Endocrinology at the University of Nottingham from 1968 and as Honorary Professor of Endocrinology at the University of Birmingham from 1976. He received the Wellcome Prize in Clinical Chemistry in 1978 and the Society for Endocrinology's Silver Plate in 1989. He was the author of six books, including the popular reference text Hormone Chemistry (1967), and over 250 journal articles. From 1965, he was a consultant to the World Health Organization, providing advice to developing countries on opening laboratory services.

## Personal life and death

Butt retired in 1987 to Stratford-upon-Avon. He died in 2006.
His nephew is the organist and conductor John Butt.
# David Coffin

David Coffin is an American traditional folk musician specializing in early music and maritime music, based in Gloucester, Massachusetts, United States. He is the song leader for the Revels music programs in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He also presents music enrichment programs for schools throughout New England. One program is based on the history of the recorder, and the other is called Life at Sea: A Voyage in Song.
Coffin has a bass-baritone voice and plays various types of concertinas, recorders, and whistles, in addition to archaic instruments like the shawm, rackett, or gemshorn. He comes from a musical background: his father, Reverend William Sloane Coffin, studied to be a concert pianist with Nadia Boulanger in Paris, his grandfather was pianist Arthur Rubinstein, and his great-grandfather was Polish conductor Emil Młynarski.
He leads several sea shanties, including the title song, onscreen in the 2019 Maine-set film Blow the Man Down.

## Discography

In addition to contributing to a variety of collaborative CDs for Revels Records and North Star Records (both are local New England recording labels), Coffin has also recorded four solo albums: Flight of Time, Nantucket Sleighride, Safe in the Harbour, and Last Trip Home which he recorded with his daughter Linnea. All feature traditional and maritime music, some of which is taken from the singing of Ewan MacColl and Stan Rogers.
He is credited on four songs on the 2020 soundtrack album for Blow the Man Down.
# Ugandan kob

The Ugandan kob (Kobus kob thomasi) is a subspecies of the kob, a type of antelope. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa in South Sudan, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Ugandan kob is normally reddish-brown, differentiating it from other kob subspecies.
A Ugandan kob appears on the coat of arms of Uganda, along with a grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum gibbericeps), representing the abundant wildlife present in the country.

## Description

The Ugandan kob is similar in appearance to the impala but it is more sturdily built. Only the males have horns, which are lyre-shaped, strongly ridged and divergent. Males are slightly larger than females, being 90 to 100 cm (3.0 to 3.3 ft) at the shoulder, with an average weight of 94 kg (207 lb), while females are 82 to 92 cm (2.7 to 3.0 ft) at the shoulder and on average weigh about 63 kg (139 lb). Apart from the throat patch, muzzle, eye ring and inner ear, which are white, the coat is golden to reddish-brown, the colour differentiating it from other kob subspecies. The belly and inside of the legs are white, and the front of the forelegs are black.

## Distribution and habitat

This subspecies is native to East Africa. It occurs in South Sudan, to the west of the Nile, Uganda and the north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Its range used to extend into northwestern Tanzania, where it grazed the grasslands margining Lake Victoria, and into southwestern Kenya, but it has been extirpated from these countries. It is typically found in open or wooded savanna, within a reasonable distance of water, and it also occurs in grasslands near rivers and lakes. Its habit of lying out in open grassland make it an accessible target for poachers, and 98% of the present population are found in national parks and other protected areas.

## Naming

Traditionally, Uganda kob is named differently according to tribes and ethnical backgrounds. In Acholi, its called "Till," the Bugisu people call is "Ishisi," Baganda people call it "Ensiima" and other tribes have their respective naming. Ugandan Kob local name "Til" was derived and used in Uganda's oil industry called the Tilenga project in western Uganda .

## Ecology

Ugandan kobs are herbivores and feed largely on grasses and reeds. The females and young males form loose groups of varying size which range according to food availability, often moving along watercourses and grazing in valley bottoms. One group in South Sudan was recorded as travelling 150 to 200 km (93 to 124 mi) during the dry season. Sometimes non-breeding males form their own groups. Females become sexually mature in their second year, but males do not start breeding until they are older.
Larger populations of kob tend to have a lek mating system, the females living in loose groups and only visiting the traditional breeding grounds in order to mate. For this purpose, males hold small territories of up to 200 m (660 ft) in diameter, the smallest territories being in the centre of crowded leks. Calving takes place at the end of the rainy season; a single calf is born in November or December, after a gestation period of about nine months.