# List of Mesopotamian dynasties

The history of Mesopotamia extends from the Lower Paleolithic period until the establishment of the Caliphate in the late 7th century AD, after which the region came to be known as Iraq. This list covers dynasties and monarchs of Mesopotamia up until the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BC, after which native Mesopotamian monarchs never again ruled the region.
The earliest records of writing are known from the Uruk period (or "Protoliterate period") in the 4th millennium BC, with documentation of actual historical events, and the ancient history of the region, being known from the middle of the third millennium BC onwards, alongside cuneiform records written by early kings. This period, known as the Early Dynastic Period, is typically subdivided into three: 2900–2750 BC (ED I), 2750–2600 BC (ED II) and 2600–2350 BC (ED III), and was followed by Akkadian (~2350–2100 BC) and Neo-Sumerian (2112–2004 BC) periods, after which Mesopotamia was most often divided between Assyria in the north and Babylonia in the south. In 609 BC, after about a century of the kings of the Neo-Assyrian Empire ruling both Assyria and Babylonia, the Neo-Babylonian Empire destroyed Assyria and became the sole power in Mesopotamia. The conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC initiated centuries of Iranian rule (under the Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian empires), which was only briefly interrupted by the Hellenistic Argeads and Seleucids (331–141 BC) and the Roman Empire (AD 116–117).
This list follows the middle chronology, the most widely used chronology of Mesopotamian history.

## Early dynastic period (c. 2900–2350 BC)

Before the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 24th century BC, Mesopotamia was fragmented into a number of city states. Whereas some surviving Mesopotamian documents, such as the Sumerian King List, describe this period as one where there was only one legitimate king at any one given time, and kingship was transferred from city to city sequentially, the historical reality was that there were often many political leaders at any one given time. The Sumerian King List is generally not regarded as historically reliable given the exaggerated reign lengths (some rulers are described as ruling for hundreds or even thousands of years) and the fact that out of the massive amount of pre-Akkadian rulers listed in the SKL, very few are actually attested in surviving evidence from the Early Dynastic period. It is considered most appropriate by modern scholars to rely solely on actual Early Dynastic sources for reconstructing historical events during the Early Dynastic period. As such, the table below only lists rulers whose existence is attested by other more contemporary sources.
| Century | Kish | Uruk | Ur | Lagash | Umma | Adab |
| c. 2600s BC | Enmebaragesi Aga of Kish Uhub Mesilim Meskiagnun Elulu | Gilgamesh | A-Imdugud Ur-Pabilsag Meskalamdug Akalamdug Mesannepada A'annepada Meskiagnun Elulu | | | |
| c. 2500s BC | | | | En-hegal Lugalshaengur Ur-Nanshe Akurgal | Pabilgagaltuku Ush | |
| c. 2400s BC | Lugal-kinishe-dudu Lugal-kisalsi | Lugal-kinishe-dudu Lugal-kisalsi | Lugal-kinishe-dudu Lugal-kisalsi | Eannatum Enannatum I Entemena Enannatum II Enentarzi | Enakalle Ur-Lumma Il Gishakidu Edin Meanedu Ushurdu | Lugal-Anne-Mundu Mug-si E-iginimpa'e |
| c. 2300s BC | Lugal-zage-si | Enshakushanna Lugal-zage-si | Lugalanda Urukagina Lugal-zage-si | Lugalanda Urukagina Lugal-zage-si | Ukush Lugal-zage-si | Meskigal Lugal-zage-si |

## Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian periods (c. 2334–2004 BC)

| Akkad | Akkad | Akkad | Gutium | Gutium | Gutium | Lagash | Lagash | Lagash | Uruk / Ur | Uruk / Ur | Uruk / Ur |
| Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref |
| Sargonic dynasty | Sargonic dynasty | Sargonic dynasty | | | | | | | | | |
| Sargon | c. 2334–2279 BC | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rimush | c. 2278–2270 BC | | | | | | | | | | |
| Manishtushu | c. 2269–2255 BC | | | | | Second dynasty of Lagash | Second dynasty of Lagash | Second dynasty of Lagash | | | |
| Naram-Sin | c. 2254–2218 BC | | Gutian dynasty | Gutian dynasty | Gutian dynasty | Lugal-ushumgal | c. 2230–2210 BC | | | | |
| Shar-Kali-Sharri | c. 2217–2193 BC | | Erridupizir | c. 2220–2202 BC | | Puzer-Mama | around 2210 BC | | Fourth dynasty of Uruk | Fourth dynasty of Uruk | Fourth dynasty of Uruk |
| Shar-Kali-Sharri | c. 2217–2193 BC | | Imta | c. 2202–2199 BC | | Ur-Ningirsu I | around 2200 BC | | Ur-nigin | around 2200 BC | |
| Shar-Kali-Sharri | c. 2217–2193 BC | | Imta | c. 2202–2199 BC | | Pirig-me | around 2200 BC | | Ur-gigir | around 2200 BC | |
| Shar-Kali-Sharri | c. 2217–2193 BC | | Inkishush | c. 2199–2195 BC | | Pirig-me | around 2200 BC | | Ur-gigir | around 2200 BC | |
| Igigi (non-dynastic) | c. 2193 BC | | Sarlagab | c. 2195–2192 BC | | Pirig-me | around 2200 BC | | Kuda | uncertain | |
| Imi (non-dynastic) | c. 2192 BC | | Shulme | c. 2192–2186 BC | | Lu-Baba | uncertain | | Puzur-ili | uncertain | |
| Nanum (non-dynastic) | c. 2191 BC | | Shulme | c. 2192–2186 BC | | Lu-Baba | uncertain | | Puzur-ili | uncertain | |
| Ilulu (non-dynastic) | c. 2190 BC | | Shulme | c. 2192–2186 BC | | Lugula | uncertain | | Ur-Utu | uncertain | |
| Dudu | c. 2189–2169 BC | | Elulmesh | c. 2186–2180 BC | | Lugula | uncertain | | | | |
| Dudu | c. 2189–2169 BC | | Inimabakesh | c. 2180–2175 BC | | Lugula | uncertain | | | | |
| Dudu | c. 2189–2169 BC | | Igeshaush | c. 2175–2169 BC | | Kaku | uncertain | | | | |
| Shu-turul | c. 2168–2154 BC | | Yarlagab | c. 2169–2154 BC | | Kaku | uncertain | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Ibate | c. 2154–2151 BC | | Ur-Baba | c. 2157–2144 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Yarla | c. 2151–2148 BC | | Ur-Baba | c. 2157–2144 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Kurum | c. 2148–2147 BC | | Ur-Baba | c. 2157–2144 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Apilkin | c. 2147–2144 BC | | Ur-Baba | c. 2157–2144 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | La-erabum | c. 2144–2142 BC | | Gudea | c. 2144–2124 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Irarum | c. 2142–2140 BC | | Gudea | c. 2144–2124 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Ibranum | c. 2140–2139 BC | | Gudea | c. 2144–2124 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Hablum | c. 2139–2137 BC | | Gudea | c. 2144–2124 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Puzur-Suen | c. 2137–2130 BC | | Gudea | c. 2144–2124 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Yarlaganda | c. 2130–2123 BC | | Gudea | c. 2144–2124 BC | | | | |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Si'um | c. 2123–2116 BC | | Ur-Ningirsu II | c. 2124–2119 BC | | Fifth dynasty of Uruk | Fifth dynasty of Uruk | Fifth dynasty of Uruk |
| Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Akkad defeated by the Gutians | Tirigan | c. 2116 BC | | Ur-gar | c. 2117–2113 BC | | Utu-hengal | c. 2119–2113 BC | |
| Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Ur-gar | c. 2117–2113 BC | | Third dynasty of Ur | Third dynasty of Ur | Third dynasty of Ur |
| Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Nam-mahani | c. 2113–2110 BC | | Ur-Nammu | c. 2112–2095 BC | |
| Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Shulgi | c. 2094–2047 BC | |
| Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Amar-Sin | c. 2046–2038 BC | |
| Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Shu-Sin | c. 2037–2029 BC | |
| Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Gutians defeated by Utu-Hengal of Uruk | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Lagash defeated by Ur-Nammu of Ur | Ibbi-Sin | c. 2028–2004 BC | |

## Isin–Larsa and rise of Babylon (c. 2025–1750 BC)

| Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Southern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia |
| Isin | Isin | Isin | Larsa | Larsa | Larsa | Babylon | Babylon | Babylon | Uruk | Uruk | Uruk | Eshnunna | Eshnunna | Eshnunna | Assyria | Assyria | Assyria |
| Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref |
| First dynasty of Isin | First dynasty of Isin | First dynasty of Isin | Dynasty of Larsa | Dynasty of Larsa | Dynasty of Larsa | | | | | | | Dynasty of Eshnunna | Dynasty of Eshnunna | Dynasty of Eshnunna | Puzur-Ashur dynasty | Puzur-Ashur dynasty | Puzur-Ashur dynasty |
| Ishbi-Erra | c. 2017–1985 BC | | Naplanum | c. 2025–2005 BC | | | | | | | | Ituria | uncertain | | Puzur-Ashur I | uncertain | |
| Ishbi-Erra | c. 2017–1985 BC | | Emisum | c. 2004–1977 BC | | | | | | | | Ilushuilia | uncertain | | Shalim-ahum | uncertain | |
| Shu-Ilishu | c. 1984–1975 BC | | Emisum | c. 2004–1977 BC | | | | | | | | Nurakhum | uncertain | | Ilu-shuma | uncertain | |
| Iddin-Dagan | c. 1974–1954 BC | | Samium | c. 1976–1942 BC | | | | | | | | Kirikiri | uncertain | | Erishum I | c. 1974–1935 BC | |
| Ishme-Dagan | c. 1953–1935 BC | | Zabaia | c. 1941–1933 BC | | | | | | | | Bilalama | uncertain | | Erishum I | c. 1974–1935 BC | |
| Lipit-Eshtar | c. 1934–1924 BC | | Gungunum | c. 1932–1906 BC | | | | | | | | Azuzum | uncertain | | Ikunum | c. 1934–1921 BC | |
| Ur-Ninurta | c. 1923–1896 BC | | Abisare | c. 1905–1895 BC | | Amorite dynasty (Dynasty I) | Amorite dynasty (Dynasty I) | Amorite dynasty (Dynasty I) | | | | Ipiq-Adad I | uncertain | | Sargon I | c. 1920–1881 BC | |
| Bur-Suen | c. 1895–1874 BC | | Sumuel | c. 1894–1866 BC | | Sumu-abum | c. 1894–1881 BC | | | | | Shiqlanum | uncertain | | Sargon I | c. 1920–1881 BC | |
| Lipit-Enlil | c. 1873–1869 BC | | Sumuel | c. 1894–1866 BC | | Sumu-abum | c. 1894–1881 BC | | | | | Abdi-Erah | uncertain | | Puzur-Ashur II | c. 1880–1873 BC | |
| Erra-imitti | c. 1868–1861 BC | | Nur-Adad | c. 1865–1850 BC | | Sumu-la-El | c. 1880–1845 BC | | Sixth dynasty of Uruk | Sixth dynasty of Uruk | Sixth dynasty of Uruk | Belakum | uncertain | | Puzur-Ashur II | c. 1880–1873 BC | |
| Enlil-bani | c. 1860–1837 BC | | Sin-Iddinam | c. 1849–1843 BC | | Sumu-la-El | c. 1880–1845 BC | | Sin-kashid | uncertain | | Warassa | uncertain | | Naram-Sin | c. 1872–1829 BC | |
| Zambiya | c. 1836–1834 BC | | Sin-Eribam | c. 1842–1841 BC | | Sabium | c. 1844–1831 BC | | Sin-eribam | uncertain | | Ibal-pi-El I | uncertain | | Naram-Sin | c. 1872–1829 BC | |
| Iter-pisha | c. 1833–1831 BC | | Sin-Iqisham | c. 1840–1836 BC | | Sabium | c. 1844–1831 BC | | Sin-gamil | uncertain | | Ipiq-Adad II | uncertain | | Naram-Sin | c. 1872–1829 BC | |
| Iter-pisha | c. 1833–1831 BC | | Silli-Adad | c. 1835 BC | | Sabium | c. 1844–1831 BC | | An-am | uncertain | | Naram-Sin | uncertain | | Naram-Sin | c. 1872–1829 BC | |
| Ur-du-kuga | c. 1830–1828 BC | | Warad-Sin | c. 1834–1823 BC | | Sabium | c. 1844–1831 BC | | Irdanene | uncertain | | Dadusha | uncertain | | Naram-Sin | c. 1872–1829 BC | |
| Suen-magir | c. 1827–1817 BC | | Rim-Sin I | c. 1822–1763 BC | | Apil-Sin | c. 1830–1813 BC | | Rîm-Anum | uncertain | | Ibal-pi-El II | c. 1762 BC | | Erishum II | c. 1828–1809 BC | |
| Shamshi-Adad dynasty |||
| Damiq-ilishu | c. 1816–1794 BC | | Rim-Sin I | c. 1822–1763 BC | | Sin-Muballit | c. 1812–1793 BC | | Nabi-ilishu | c. 1802 BC | | Ibal-pi-El II | c. 1762 BC | | Shamshi-Adad I | c. 1808–1776 BC | |
| Isin defeated by Rim-Sin I of Larsa | Isin defeated by Rim-Sin I of Larsa | Isin defeated by Rim-Sin I of Larsa | Rim-Sin I | c. 1822–1763 BC | | Hammurabi | c. 1792–1750 BC | | Uruk defeated by Hammurabi of Babylon | Uruk defeated by Hammurabi of Babylon | Uruk defeated by Hammurabi of Babylon | Eshnunna defeated by Siwepalarhuhpak of Elam | Eshnunna defeated by Siwepalarhuhpak of Elam | Eshnunna defeated by Siwepalarhuhpak of Elam | Ishme-Dagan I | c. 1775–1735 BC | |

## Fragmentation of Babylonia (c. 1749–1475 BC)

| Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) | Northern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia | Northern Mesopotamia |
| Babylon | Babylon | Babylon | Kassites | Kassites | Kassites | Sealand | Sealand | Sealand | Assyria | Assyria | Assyria |
| Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref |
| Amorite dynasty (Dynasty I; continued) | Amorite dynasty (Dynasty I; continued) | Amorite dynasty (Dynasty I; continued) | Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III) | Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III) | Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III) | First Sealand dynasty (Dynasty II) | First Sealand dynasty (Dynasty II) | First Sealand dynasty (Dynasty II) | Shamshi-Adad dynasty (continued) | Shamshi-Adad dynasty (continued) | Shamshi-Adad dynasty (continued) |
| Samsu-iluna | c. 1749–1712 BC | | Gandash | c. 1729–1704 BC | | Ilum-ma-ili | c. 1725–? BC | | Mut-Ashkur | uncertain | |
| Samsu-iluna | c. 1749–1712 BC | | Gandash | c. 1729–1704 BC | | Ilum-ma-ili | c. 1725–? BC | | Rimush | uncertain | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Asinum | uncertain | |
| Seven usurpers |||
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Ashur-dugul | uncertain | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Ashur-apla-idi | uncertain | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Nasir-Sin | uncertain | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Sin-namir | uncertain | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Ipqi-Ishtar | uncertain | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Adad-salulu | uncertain | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Itti-ili-nibi | uncertain | | Adasi | uncertain | |
| Adaside dynasty |||
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Agum I | c. 1703–1682 BC | | Damqi-ilishu | uncertain | | Bel-bani | c. 1700–1691 BC | |
| Abi-Eshuh | c. 1711–1684 BC | | Kashtiliash I | c. 1681–1660 BC | | Damqi-ilishu | uncertain | | Libaya | c. 1691–1674 BC | |
| Ammi-Ditana | c. 1683–1647 BC | | Abi-Rattash | uncertain | | Ishkibal | uncertain | | Sharma-Adad I | c. 1673–1662 BC | |
| Ammi-Ditana | c. 1683–1647 BC | | Abi-Rattash | uncertain | | Ishkibal | uncertain | | Iptar-Sin | c. 1661–1650 BC | |
| Ammi-Saduqa | c. 1646–1626 BC | | Abi-Rattash | uncertain | | Shushushi | uncertain | | Bazaya | c. 1649–1622 BC | |
| Samsu-Ditana | c. 1625–1595 BC | | Kashtiliash II | uncertain | | Gulkishar | uncertain | | Lullaya | c. 1621–1616 BC | |
| Samsu-Ditana | c. 1625–1595 BC | | Kashtiliash II | uncertain | | Gulkishar | uncertain | | Shu-Ninua | c. 1615–1602 BC | |
| Samsu-Ditana | c. 1625–1595 BC | | Kashtiliash II | uncertain | | Gulkishar | uncertain | | Sharma-Adad II | c. 1601–1598 BC | |
| Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Urzigurumash | uncertain | | Peshgaldaramesh | c. 1599–1549 BC | | Erishum III | c. 1598–1586 BC | |
| Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Agum II | uncertain | | Peshgaldaramesh | c. 1599–1549 BC | | Shamshi-Adad II | c. 1585–1580 BC | |
| Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Babylon destroyed by the Hittites | Harba-Shipak | uncertain | | Peshgaldaramesh | c. 1599–1549 BC | | Ishme-Dagan II | c. 1580–1564 BC | |
| Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III) | Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III) | Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III) | Shipta'ulzi | uncertain | | Peshgaldaramesh | c. 1599–1549 BC | | Shamshi-Adad III | c. 1564–1548 BC | |
| Burnaburiash I | c. 1530–1500 BC | | Burnaburiash I | c. 1530–1500 BC | | Ayadaragalama | c. 1548–1520 BC | | Ashur-nirari I | c. 1548–1522 BC | |
| Burnaburiash I | c. 1530–1500 BC | | Burnaburiash I | c. 1530–1500 BC | | Akurduana | c. 1519–1493 BC | | Puzur-Ashur III | c. 1522–1498 BC | |
| Ulamburiash | around 1475 BC | | Ulamburiash | around 1475 BC | | Melamkurkurra | c. 1492–1485 BC | | Enlil-nasir I | c. 1498–1485 BC | |
| Ulamburiash | around 1475 BC | | Ulamburiash | around 1475 BC | | Ea-gamil | c. 1484–1475 BC | | Nur-ili | c. 1485–1473 BC | |

## Babylonia and rising Assyria (c. 1475–539 BC)

| Babylonia | Babylonia | Babylonia | Assyria | Assyria | Assyria |
| Name | Reign | Ref | Name | Reign | Ref |
| Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III; continued) | Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III; continued) | Kassite dynasty (Dynasty III; continued) | Adaside dynasty (continued) | Adaside dynasty (continued) | Adaside dynasty (continued) |
| Ulamburiash | around 1475 BC | | Ashur-shaduni | c. 1473 BC | |
| Kashtiliash III | uncertain | | Ashur-rabi I | c. 1473–1453 BC | |
| Kashtiliash III | uncertain | | Ashur-nadin-ahhe I | c. 1453–1431 BC | |
| Agum III | uncertain | | Enlil-nasir II | c. 1430–1425 BC | |
| Agum III | uncertain | | Ashur-nirari II | c. 1424–1418 BC | |
| Karaindash | around 1415 BC | | Ashur-bel-nisheshu | c. 1417–1409 BC | |
| Karaindash | around 1415 BC | | Ashur-rim-nisheshu | c. 1408–1401 BC | |
| Kadashman-Harbe I | around 1400 BC | | Ashur-nadin-ahhe II | c. 1400–1391 BC | |
| Kadashman-Harbe I | around 1400 BC | | Eriba-Adad I | c. 1390–1364 BC | |
| Kurigalzu I | uncertain | | Ashur-uballit I | c. 1363–1328 BC | |
| Kadashman-Enlil I | c. 1374–1360 BC | | Ashur-uballit I | c. 1363–1328 BC | |
| Burnaburiash II | c. 1359–1333 BC | | Ashur-uballit I | c. 1363–1328 BC | |
| Kara-hardash | c. 1333 BC | | Enlil-nirari | c. 1327–1318 BC | |
| Nazi-Bugash | c. 1333 BC | | Enlil-nirari | c. 1327–1318 BC | |
| Kurigalzu II | c. 1332–1308 BC | | Arik-den-ili | c. 1317–1306 BC | |
| Nazi-Maruttash | c. 1307–1282 BC | | Adad-nirari I | c. 1305–1274 BC | |
| Kadashman-Turgu | c. 1281–1264 BC | | Shalmaneser I | c. 1273–1244 BC | |
| Kadashman-Enlil II | c. 1263–1255 BC | | Shalmaneser I | c. 1273–1244 BC | |
| Kudur-Enlil | c. 1254–1246 BC | | Shalmaneser I | c. 1273–1244 BC | |
| Shagarakti-Shuriash | c. 1245–1233 BC | | Tukulti-Ninurta I | c. 1243–1207 BC | |
| Kashtiliash IV | c. 1232–1225 BC | | Tukulti-Ninurta I | c. 1243–1207 BC | |
| Enlil-nadin-shumi | c. 1224 BC | | Tukulti-Ninurta I | c. 1243–1207 BC | |
| Kadashman-Harbe II | c. 1223 BC | | Tukulti-Ninurta I | c. 1243–1207 BC | |
| Adad-shuma-iddina | c. 1222–1217 BC | | Tukulti-Ninurta I | c. 1243–1207 BC | |
| Adad-shuma-usur | c. 1216–1187 BC | | Ashur-nadin-apli | c. 1206–1203 BC | |
| Adad-shuma-usur | c. 1216–1187 BC | | Ashur-nirari III | c. 1202–1197 BC | |
| Adad-shuma-usur | c. 1216–1187 BC | | Enlil-kudurri-usur | c. 1196–1192 BC | |
| Meli-Shipak | c. 1186–1172 BC | | Ninurta-apal-Ekur | c. 1191–1179 BC | |
| Marduk-apla-iddina I | c. 1171–1159 BC | | Ashur-dan I | c. 1178–1133 BC | |
| Zababa-shuma-iddin | c. 1158 BC | | Ashur-dan I | c. 1178–1133 BC | |
| Enlil-nadin-ahi | c. 1157–1155 BC | | Ashur-dan I | c. 1178–1133 BC | |
| Marduk-kabit-ahheshu | c. 1153–1136 BC | | Ashur-dan I | c. 1178–1133 BC | |
| Itti-Marduk-balatu | c. 1135–1128 BC | | Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur | c. 1132 BC | |
| Itti-Marduk-balatu | c. 1135–1128 BC | | Mutakkil-nusku | c. 1132 BC | |
| Ninurta-nadin-shumi | c. 1127–1122 BC | | Ashur-resh-ishi I | 1132–1115 BC | |
| Nebuchadnezzar I | c. 1121–1100 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser I | 1114–1076 BC | |
| Enlil-nadin-apli | c. 1099–1096 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser I | 1114–1076 BC | |
| Marduk-nadin-ahhe | c. 1095–1078 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser I | 1114–1076 BC | |
| Marduk-shapik-zeri | c. 1077–1065 BC | | Asharid-apal-Ekur | 1075–1074 BC | |
| Adad-apla-iddina | c. 1064–1043 BC | | Ashur-bel-kala | 1073–1056 BC | |
| Adad-apla-iddina | c. 1064–1043 BC | | Eriba-Adad II | 1055–1054 BC | |
| Adad-apla-iddina | c. 1064–1043 BC | | Shamshi-Adad IV | 1053–1050 BC | |
| Marduk-ahhe-eriba | c. 1042 BC | | Ashurnasirpal I | 1049–1031 BC | |
| Marduk-zer-X | c. 1041–1030 BC | | Ashurnasirpal I | 1049–1031 BC | |
| Nabu-shum-libur | c. 1029–1022 BC | | Shalmaneser II | 1030–1019 BC | |
| Second Sealand dynasty (Dynasty V) | Second Sealand dynasty (Dynasty V) | Second Sealand dynasty (Dynasty V) | Ashur-nirari IV | 1018–1013 BC | |
| Simbar-shipak | c. 1021–1004 BC | | Ashur-nirari IV | 1018–1013 BC | |
| Ea-mukin-zeri | c. 1004 BC | | Ashur-rabi II | 1012–972 BC | |
| Kashshu-nadin-ahi | c. 1003–1001 BC | | Ashur-rabi II | 1012–972 BC | |
| Eulmash-shakin-shumi | c. 1000–984 BC | | Ashur-rabi II | 1012–972 BC | |
| Ninurta-kudurri-usur I | c. 983–981 BC | | Ashur-rabi II | 1012–972 BC | |
| Shirikti-shuqamuna | c. 981 BC | | Ashur-rabi II | 1012–972 BC | |
| Mar-biti-apla-usur | c. 980–975 BC | | Ashur-rabi II | 1012–972 BC | |
| Nabu-mukin-apli | c. 974–939 BC | | Ashur-resh-ishi II | 971–967 BC | |
| Nabu-mukin-apli | c. 974–939 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser II | 967–935 BC | |
| Ninurta-kudurri-usur II | c. 939 BC | | Ashur-dan II | 935–912 BC | |
| Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina | c. 938–? BC | | Ashur-dan II | 935–912 BC | |
| Shamash-mudammiq | c. ?–901 BC | | Ashur-dan II | 935–912 BC | |
| Nabu-shuma-ukin I | c. 900–887 BC | | Adad-nirari II | 912–891 BC | |
| Nabu-apla-iddina | c. 886–853 BC | | Tukulti-Ninurta II | 891–884 BC | |
| Marduk-zakir-shumi I | c. 852–825 BC | | Ashurnasirpal II | 884–859 BC | |
| Marduk-zakir-shumi I | c. 852–825 BC | | Shalmaneser III | 859–824 BC | |
| Marduk-balassu-iqbi | c. 824–813 BC | | Shamshi-Adad V | 824–811 BC | |
| Baba-aha-iddina | c. 813–812 BC | | Adad-nirari III | 811–783 BC | |
| Ninurta-apla-X | uncertain | | Adad-nirari III | 811–783 BC | |
| Marduk-bel-zeri | uncertain | | Adad-nirari III | 811–783 BC | |
| Marduk-apla-usur | uncertain | | Shalmaneser IV | 783–773 BC | |
| Eriba-Marduk | c. 769–760 BC | | Ashur-dan III | 773–755 BC | |
| Nabu-shuma-ishkun | c. 760–748 BC | | Ashur-nirari V | 755–745 BC | |
| Nabonassar | 748–734 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser III | 745–727 BC | |
| Nabu-nadin-zeri | 734–732 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser III | 745–727 BC | |
| Nabu-shuma-ukin II | 732 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser III | 745–727 BC | |
| Nabu-mukin-zeri (non-dynastic) | 732–729 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser III | 745–727 BC | |
| Tiglath-Pileser III | 729–727 BC | | Tiglath-Pileser III | 745–727 BC | |
| Shalmaneser V | 727–722 BC | | Shalmaneser V | 727–722 BC | |
| Sargonid dynasty ||||||
| Marduk-apla-iddina II (non-dynastic) | 722–710 BC | | Sargon II | 722–705 BC | |
| Sargon II | 710–705 BC | | Sargon II | 722–705 BC | |
| Sennacherib | 705–703 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Marduk-zakir-shumi II (non-dynastic) | 703 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Marduk-apla-iddina II (non-dynastic) | 703 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Bel-ibni (vassal king) | 703–700 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Ashur-nadin-shumi | 700–694 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Nergal-ushezib (non-dynastic) | 694–693 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Mushezib-Marduk (non-dynastic) | 693–689 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Sennacherib | 689–681 BC | | Sennacherib | 705–681 BC | |
| Esarhaddon | 681–669 BC | | Esarhaddon | 681–669 BC | |
| Shamash-shum-ukin | 668–648 BC | | Ashurbanipal | 669–631 BC | |
| Kandalanu (vassal king) | 647–627 BC | | Ashur-etil-ilani | 631–627 BC | |
| Sinsharishkun | 627–626 BC | | Sinsharishkun | 627–612 BC | |
| Sin-shumu-lishir (usurper) | 626 BC | | Sinsharishkun | 627–612 BC | |
| Nabopolassar | 626–605 BC | | Ashur-uballit II | 612–609 BC | |
| Nebuchadnezzar II | 605–562 BC | | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon |
| Amel-Marduk | 562–560 BC | | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon |
| Neriglissar (non-dynastic) | 560–556 BC | | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon |
| Labashi-Marduk (non-dynastic) | 556 BC | | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon |
| Nabonidus (non-dynastic) | 556–539 BC | | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon | Assyria defeated by Nabopolassar of Babylon |