OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# January 1961 nor'easter

The January 1961 nor'easter was a significant winter storm that impacted the Mid-Atlantic and New England regions of the United States. It was the second of three major snowstorms during the 1960–1961 winter. The storm ranked as Category 3, or "major", on the Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale.

## Synoptic history

The storm was preceded by a cold front that brought cold air, associated with an area of high pressure north of the Great Lakes, into the area. The low pressure system quickly moved towards the East Coast on January 19 from the southern United States. Its track was unusually far north, passing through the mid-Ohio Valley. The low tracked from Tennessee to the southern Appalachian Mountains, and moved off the coast of Virginia. It rapidly strengthened; from 0000 UTC to 1200 UTC on January 20, it intensified from 996 millibars to 972 mb. The storm's intensification was accompanied by an increase in the precipitation. It ultimately moved northeastward along the coast and reached its lowest barometric pressure of 964 mb late on January 20, while situated east of New England.
Widespread heavy snow fell from West Virginia and Virginia through Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire, with lighter amounts spreading into Maine. Totals of over 20 in (51 cm) were recorded from eastern Pennsylvania through central New England. Snowfall amounts were similar to that of a winter storm in February 1958. Following the storm, an anticyclone in the central United States maintained the cold air.

## Impact

The nor'easter is sometimes referred to as the Kennedy Inaugural Snowstorm, since it struck on the eve of the inauguration of John F. Kennedy. In advance of the storm, the Weather Bureau predicted a mix of rain and snow in Washington, D.C., but instead, the precipitation remained frozen. The unexpected snowfall resulted in chaos, and thousands of cars were marooned or abandoned, triggering massive traffic jams. According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "The Engineers teamed up with more than 1,000 District of Columbia employees to clear the inaugural parade route. Luckily much equipment and some men had been pre-positioned and were ready to go. In the end the task force employed hundreds of dump trucks, front-end loaders, sanders, plows, rotaries, and flamethrowers to clear the way." The snowstorm prevented former President Herbert Hoover from flying into Washington National Airport and attending Kennedy's swearing-in ceremony. Additionally, the storm dealt the final blow to the Texas Tower #4, a USAF radar installation in the Atlantic Ocean, causing her to sink with the loss of all 28 crew aboard.
# Agua Fria National Monument

Agua Fria National Monument is in the U.S. state of Arizona, approximately 40 miles (64 km) north of downtown Phoenix, Arizona. Created by Presidential proclamation on January 11, 2000, the 72,344-acre (113 sq mi; 293 km$^2$) monument is managed by the Bureau of Land Management, an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Land Management already managed the lands; however, under monument status the level of protection and preservation of resources within the new monument have been enhanced.
The monument is a unit of the BLM's National Landscape Conservation System. Over 450 distinct Native American structures have been recorded in the monument, some of large pueblos containing more than 100 rooms each. The enhanced protection status also provides greater habitat protection for the numerous plant and animal communities.

## Antiquities

Petroglyphs are scattered across the numerous puebloan ruins, which were built between 1250 and 1450 C.E. when several thousand Native Americans, known as the Perry Mesa Tradition, inhabited the region. The petroglyphs depict animals, geometric figures and abstract symbols and are found by the thousands. Numerous ruins of agricultural terraces and irrigation devices indicate that farming was widespread during this period. Other historical entities that are found include 19th century mining features and Basque sheep camps.

## Natural history

Situated between 2,150 feet (660 m) and 4,600 feet (1,400 m) in elevation, the monument is primarily composed of semi-desert grassland but also contains extensive riparian stands of cottonwoods and willows which are tied to the Agua Fria River. More than 140 bird species have been recorded at the monument.
Notable species of reptiles and amphibians, including the leopard frog, the garter snake, and the desert tortoise, can be seen at the monument. Mammals such as the pronghorn, mule deer, white-tail deer and javelina are relatively common. The elk, black bears and mountain lions are also found in the monument, but are much less common. Native fish including the longfin dace, the Gila mountain sucker, speckled dace, and three endangered native fish including the Gila intermedia, charalito, and desert pupfish exist in the 129-mile (208 km)-long Agua Fria River and its tributaries.
In late 2004, the BLM and the Sierra Club helped spark the formation of the Friends of the Agua Fria National Monument, a non-profit organization created to assist the federal agency in monument protection, management, and outreach.
# Calycina major

Calycina major is a species of beetle in the genus Calycina. It was described in 1967.
# The Angel Esmeralda

The Angel Esmeralda: Nine Stories is a collection of short stories by Don DeLillo. The nine stories are printed in chronological order and were written between 1979 and 2011. It is DeLillo's only such collection.

## Contents

| Story | Originally published in | Date |
| "Creation" | Antaeus | Spring 1979 |
| "Human Moments in World War III" | Esquire | July 1983 |
| "The Runner" | Harper's | September 1988 |
| "The Ivory Acrobat" | Granta | Autumn 1988 |
| "The Angel Esmeralda" | Esquire | May 1994 |
| "Baader-Meinhof" | The New Yorker | April 1, 2002 |
| "Midnight in Dostoevsky" | The New Yorker | November 30, 2009 |
| "Hammer and Sickle" | Harper's | December 2010 |
| "The Starveling" | Granta | Autumn 2011 |

## Reception

The collection was widely praised by critics. Culture Critic assessed it an aggregated critic score of 90%. Prosenotes gave it a "C" (73%) from critic reviews. The consensus says: "For those who enjoy older DeLillo, you will really like this book of short fiction. Some reviewers mentioned frustration that DeLillo made some of his characters hard to understand, but nearly all commended him for his artistic writing". In the March/April 2012 issue of Bookmarks, the book was scored 3.5 out of 5. The magazine's critical summary reads: "The book, while not groundbreaking and, like most short story collections, a little uneven, is a solid introduction for those who have never read DeLillo and comfort food for the ones who already know what they're getting".
The Guardian described the stories as "masterfully designed" and "great art." Writing in The New Yorker, Martin Amis said: "These nine pieces add up to something considerable, and form a vital addition to the corpus." The New York Times called the stories "excellent" and said "DeLillo packs fertile ruminations and potent consolation into each of these rich, dense, concentrated stories." The Daily Telegraph called the stories "robustly brilliant."

## Awards

* Finalist, 2011 The Story Prize
* Finalist, 2012 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction
# Melus of Bari

Melus (also Milus or Meles, Melo in Italian) (died 1020) was a Lombard nobleman from the Apulian town of Bari, whose ambition to carve for himself an autonomous territory from the Byzantine catapanate of Italy in the early eleventh century inadvertently sparked the Norman presence in Southern Italy. He was the first Duke of Apulia.

## Biography

Melus and his brother-in-law Dattus rebelled in 1009 and quickly took Bari itself. In 1010, they took Ascoli and Troia, but the new catapan, Basil Mesardonites, gathered a large army, and on 11 June 1011 Bari fell. Melus fled to the protection of Prince Guaimar III of Salerno and Dattus to the Benedictine abbey of Montecassino, where the anti-Greek monks, at the insistence of Pope Benedict VIII, gave him a fortified tower on the Garigliano. Melus' family, however, were captured and carted off to Constantinople.
In 1016, according to the Norman chronicler William of Apulia, Melus went to the Shrine of Saint Michael at Monte Gargano to intercept some Norman pilgrims. There he petitioned Rainulf Drengot and a band of Norman exiles to aid in his rebellion, assuring them of the ease of victory and the abundance of spoils. By 1017, Norman adventurers were already heading south. They joined with the Lombard forces under Melus at Capua and marched into Apulia immediately, trying to catch the Byzantines off-guard. Successful in an encounter in May on the banks of the Fortore against forces sent by the catapan Kontoleon Tornikios, they had seized all the territory between the Fortore and Trani by September and were ravaging Apulia; in October, however, they experienced a stunning reverse.
The new catapan, Basil Boioannes, had garnered a massive force of reserves and a contingent of the famed Varangian Guard from Emperor Basil II. He met the Norman and Lombard hosts on the Ofanto at the site of the famous defeat dealt the Romans by Hannibal in 216 BC: Battle of Cannae. This second battle of Cannae was a disaster both for the Normans, who lost their leader Gilbert, and for the Lombards, whose leaders fled: Melus to the "Samnite lands" (Amatus) of the Papal States and Dattus to Montecassino and the tower again.
Melus continued wandering through south and central Italy and finally northwards to Germany. He ended up at the imperial court of Henry II in Bamberg. Though greatly honoured (he was given the empty title Duke of Apulia by the emperor), he died a broken man only two years later, just after Pope Benedict arrived in Bamberg at Eastertide to discuss an imperial response to the Byzantine victories. He was given a lavish funeral and an ornate tomb in the new Bamberg Cathedral by his old ally, the emperor. His son Argyrus would carry on the struggle for Lombard independence in Apulia after his return from imprisonment in Constantinople.

## Sources

* Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
* Amatus of Montecassino. History of the Normans Book I. Translated by Prescott N. Dunbar. Boydell, 2004. ISBN 1843830787
# Warren Druetzler

Warren Oliver Druetzler (June 8, 1929 – September 21, 2017) was an American athlete, who competed mainly in the 1500 m. Druetzler was a finalist in the 1500 m at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

## College career

Growing up in Illinois, he ran for Lyons Township High School where he set the state record in the mile that stood for 23 years. He was the 1947 IHSA State Champion.
In cross country running Druetzler was a 3-time NCAA top-10 placer and national runner-up (1950) individually for the Michigan State Spartans. He was also a member of two national champion teams (1948 and 1949) and one runner-up team (1950) at the NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship.
In track and field Druetzler won the NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships title in the mile run in 1951. He was also a member of the 4x880 yard relay team that set the world record in 1950. That year he was also the United States national champion in the 3000 meters steeplechase.
He continued in the sport as an official.

## Olympic career

At the 1952 Olympics Druetzler won his heat, finished 4th in his semi-final, and finished 12th in the final.

## Military career

Druetzler served in the United States Army where he achieved the rank of Captain by the time he retired from the reserves.
# Alex Bowen (water polo)

Alexander Brant "Alex" Bowen (born September 4, 1993) is an American water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2016, 2020 and 2024 Olympics. Bowen is a product of Santana High School and Stanford University.
# China Railways JF8

The China Railways JF8 (解放8, Jiěfàng, "liberation") class steam locomotive was a class of 2-8-2 steam locomotives operated by the China Railway, originally built by the Škoda Works in Czechoslovakia in 1935 for the Huainan Railway.

## History

At least seven of these locomotives were originally built for the Huainan Railway, and after the establishment of the Japanese puppet government of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China, they were operated by the Central China Railway, which had been created in 1939 to manage all railway operations in the territory of the collaborationist government by nationalising all privately owned railways in the territory.

## Postwar

After the end of the Pacific War, these locomotives were passed on to the Republic of China Railway. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, China Railways designated them ㄇㄎ8 (MK8) class in 1951. Numbered in the 3651−3670 range, they were reclassified 解放8 (JF8) class in 1959.
JF8 3651, 3661, 3662, and 3669 were noted to be in dump around Hainan Island in May 1985. The last engines of the class were retired in 1990.
# Ann Davison (politician)

Ann Davison is an American attorney and politician serving as the Seattle City Attorney. She was elected in November 2021.

## Career

Davison had practiced law for 15 years prior to being elected Seattle city attorney. In 2019, Davison unsuccessfully challenged Debora Juarez, an incumbent member of the Seattle City Council. She had run on a platform of removing homeless encampments from public areas and constructing emergency shelters to house them.
A former Democrat, in 2020, Davison left the Democratic Party to became a Republican. She made an unsuccessful bid for lieutenant governor of Washington, finishing third in the nonpartisan primary with 12 percent of the vote, behind Democrats Denny Heck and Marko Liias. She promoted her status as an ex-Democrat, associating with the WalkAway campaign of Democrats-turned-Republicans. In making the case for her party switch, Davison posted a video to YouTube in June 2020 outlining her belief that the Democratic Party had become “far left” and stating she had come to no longer identify with it. She later confirmed she voted for Democrat Joe Biden for president that same year.
In 2021, Davison ran for Seattle city attorney. She played down her party affiliation in the overwhelmingly Democratic city, focusing instead on the views of her opponent, Democrat Nicole Thomas-Kennedy, who had advocated for the abolition of police. While Thomas-Kennedy received the support of many labor unions and Democratic politicians during her campaign, her rhetoric repelled many Democratic-aligned voters who ultimately supported Davison in protest of the positions taken by Thomas-Kennedy. Three former governors of Washington endorsed Davison, Democrats Christine Gregoire and Gary Locke, and Republican Dan Evans.
Davison earned a BA in sociology from Baylor University in 1990, and her Juris Doctor degree from Willamette University College of Law in 2004.
# Zaghawa alphabet

The Zaghawa or Beria alphabet, Beria Giray Erfe ('Zaghawa Writing Marks'), is an indigenous alphabetic script proposed for the Zaghawa language (also known as Beria) of Sudan, Chad, and Libya.
In the 1950s, a Sudanese Zaghawa schoolteacher named Adam Tajir created an alphabet for the Zaghawa language, sometimes known as the camel alphabet, deriving its glyphs from the clan brands used for camels and other livestock. He copied the inventory of the Arabic script, so the system was not ideal for Zaghawa.
In 2000, a Zaghawa veterinarian named Siddick Adam Issa adapted Tajir's alphabet to a form which has proven popular in the Zaghawa community. The typography is somewhat innovative in that capital letters have descenders which drop below the baseline of the lower-case letters and punctuation, contrasting with the capital letters which rise above most lower-case letters in the Latin alphabet. Beria Giray Erfe is a full alphabet, with independent letters for vowels; however, diacritics are used to mark tone (grave accent for falling tone and acute accent for rising tone; high, mid, and low tone are unmarked), as well as advanced tongue root vowels (a macron derives /i e ə o u/ from the letters for /ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ/).
The letter for /p/, which does not occur in Zaghawa or in Arabic, is written by adding a tail to the letter for /b/; and /ʃ/ is derived from the letter for /s/ with a cross stroke. There apparently is no letter for /ħ/, nor a distinction between /ɾ/ and /r/, both of which have been reported for Zaghawa.
European numerals and punctuation are used.
# Lion's Share (band)

Lion's Share are a heavy metal band, formed in Sundsvall, Sweden in 1987 and later relocated to Stockholm, by guitarist Lars Chriss, and keyboardist Kay Backlund. The band has since experienced multiple line-up changes, with Lars Chriss the only constant presence in the band through the years. Some of the past members are now or have been featured in bands such as King Diamond, HammerFall, Treat, Sorcerer, Therion, Glenn Hughes, The Poodles, and 220 Volt.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Lion's Share (1995)
* Two (1997)
* Fall From Grace (1999)
* Entrance (2001)
* Emotional Coma (2007)
* Dark Hours (2009)
* TBA (2025)

### Singles

* Ghost Town Queen (1988)
* Flash in the Night (1997)
* Sins Of A Father (re-recording) (2018)
* We Are What We Are (2019)
* Aim Higher (2020)
* Killed By Death (Motörhead cover) (2020)
* Shotgun Messiah (re-recording) (2020)
* Baptized In Blood (2021)
* Under Attack (2021)
* Youphoria (2021)
* Knock On Wood (Amy Stewart cover) (2021)
* City Of The Night (2022)
* Infernal Soul (2022)
* Throne Of Steel (2022)
* United (2023)
* Life On Mars (David Bowie cover) (2024)

### Demos

* Demo 1988 (1988)
* Demo 1990 (1990)
* Demo 1991 (1991)
* Sins of a Father (1995)

### Live albums

* Magic Circle Festival Vol.1 Manowar DVD (2008)
# Big John Mazmanian

John Mazmanian (May 18, 1926 – July 21, 2006), also known as Big John Mazmanian, was an Armenian-American NHRA drag racer.

## Biography

In the 1960s and 1970s, Mazmanian became a well-known name in Southland racing circles, largely due to his promotions for gasser and funny car competitions at local drag strips every weekend.
In "Billy the Mountain," a song rich with inside jokes about Southern California, Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention mention a Mazmanian funny car competition held at the Irwindale Speedway.
Standing at 6 feet 5 inches, Mazmanian loomed over many of his fellow owners. Born in East Los Angeles, he excelled in football at Garfield High School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the Navy and served in the Pacific, where he sustained shrapnel wounds during the battle for Leyte Gulf.
He began his journey in car building before he was even old enough to drive, reconstructing a 1932 Ford into a “highboy roadster” for an auto shop class when he was just 14. Before long, he was building and customizing other cars, painting them his signature candy apple red and racing them at tracks across the country. He began with "gassers," modified street-legal cars powered by gasoline. During this time, he transformed standard stock model Corvettes and Willys. One of his most famous cars from this era was a 1941 Willys equipped with a Chrysler Hemi engine.
In 1967, late-model cars were introduced into the Gasser ranks for the first time. Stone-Woods-Cook had already exited the class, and Mazmanian recognized the trend. The following year, he transitioned to Funny Cars, and before long, Gassers had completely vanished from the scene.
He advanced to funny cars, high-powered vehicles fueled by a potent blend that includes nitromethane, producing a massive cloud of burnt rubber smoke from their large back tires at the start of a drag race. His cars were driven by notable figures in the sport, including Mike Snively and Danny Ongais.
# Jungle Boogie

"Jungle Boogie" is a funk record by Kool & the Gang from their 1973 album Wild and Peaceful. It reached number four as a single, and became very popular in nightclubs. Billboard ranked it as the number 12 single for 1974, despite as many as 36 No. 1 singles that year.
In 1994, Jungle Boogie was repopularized on the soundtrack of the film Pulp Fiction. It was also used in promo packages by wrestling promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling in the mid-1990s.
In 1992, Madonna sampled Jungle Boogie in the song "Erotica".

## Background

The spoken main vocal was performed by the band's roadie Don Boyce. An instrumental version of the tune with an overdubbed flute part and additional percussion instruments, titled "Jungle Jazz", appeared on the album Spirit of the Boogie. There is a Tarzan yell at the track's end and grunting, panting and scatting heard throughout.

## Track listing

De-Lite Records – DE-559:

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## In other media

* The song was used in the teaser trailer for Dunston Checks In.
* This song was played in films such as The Lion King 1½, Undercover Brother, Ready to Rumble and Beerfest.
* This song was featured in the setlist for Rock Band Blitz and subsequently playable as both import and DLC track in Rock Band 3.

## Charts

| Chart (1973–1974) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 4 |
| US Hot Soul Singles (Billboard) | 2 |
# No Gold for a Dead Diver

No Gold for a Dead Diver (German: Ein toter Taucher nimmt kein Gold) is a 1974 West German adventure film directed by Harald Reinl and starring Horst Janson, Monika Lundi and Marius Weyers. A thriller about deep sea divers searching for buried treasure, it was shot on location in South Africa. The film's sets were designed by the art director Dieter Bartels.
After the success of Jaws (1975), the film was released in the US with the title Deadly Jaws.

## Cast

* Horst Janson as Hans Faerber
* Hans Hass Jr. [de] as Peter Damms
* Marius Weyers as René Chagrin
* Monika Lundi as Ellen
* Sandra Prinsloo as Pascale
* Keith Grenville as Coast Guard Captain
* Percy Sieff as Don Pedro
* Bill Flynn as Thug
* Len Sparrowhawk as Jeweler
* Gordon Van Rooyen as Hotel Manager
* Philip Boucher (uncredited)
* Christian Bruckner as Hans Faerber (voice) (uncredited)
* Gert Gunther Hoffmann as Erzahler (voice) (uncredited)

## Home video

In October 2017, RetroVision Entertainment released the film on DVD, paired with Night of the Sharks.
# Anga Lipi

Anga Lipi (𑂃𑂁𑂏) was a historical writing system. The Anga Lipi finds its mention in the Buddhist text "Lalitvistar" which says Anga lipi was among the 64 scripts known to Lord Budhha.

## Etymology and history

The Anga Script is mentioned in an ancient Sanskrit language Buddhist book, the Lalitavistara, which names Anga Lipi relatively early in the list of 64 scripts known to the Buddha. Arthur Coke Burnell thought that some of the sixty-four scripts mentioned in the Lalitavistara were mythical, but he considered some, including Dravid, Anga and Banga, to be real, though not appearing as distinct alphabets until the 9th or 10th century CE. (Burnell regarded this passage as a late interpolation.)

## Characteristics and comparison

Anga Lipi and Bengali script might have been derived from Brahmic, with some regional characteristics. This supports the belief that the development of local characteristics in alphabets was continuing from earlier times.
It reflects the early development of local variants of Indian alphabets.