OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Great River Bridge

The Great River Bridge is an asymmetrical, single tower cable-stayed bridge over the Mississippi River. It carries U.S. Route 34 from Burlington, Iowa to the town of Gulfport, Illinois.

## History

Construction began in 1989, but work on the main tower did not begin until April 1990. The main tower is 370 feet (113 m) in height from the top of the tower to the riverbed. During the Great Flood of 1993, construction continued despite record crests on the Mississippi below. The final cost of the bridge was $49 million, about 16 percent over budget.
The Great River Bridge replaced the MacArthur Bridge, an aging two-lane, cantilevered, steel toll bridge built in 1917. At the time, the bridge was in desperate need of repair, or replacement, as it swayed ominously when two semis crossed the bridge at the same time on the two lanes of traffic. After the bridge was dismantled, the engineers discovered that the supports weren't sunk into the bedrock far enough, causing undermining of the piers. The new bridge is five lanes wide (two westbound, three eastbound), with piers sunk over 90 feet into bedrock, and provides a safer crossing across the Mississippi River than the old bridge.

## Events

In the early morning of May 1, 2008, five barges broke loose of their moorings, with two of those striking the easternmost pylon of the bridge on the Henderson County, Illinois side of the river. The bridge was closed while it could be inspected by the Iowa Department of Transportation for damage and repairs. A third barge continued downstream, striking the BNSF Railroad owned Burlington Rail Bridge. The highway bridge was reopened the following day.
On June 17, 2008, the bridge was closed due to major flooding of the Mississippi River. The Illinois side was damaged in the floods due to levee failure, trapping people who were rescued by helicopter, and decreasing population in Gulfport for the long term.
Every year on the second Saturday of May the Great River Bridge Race is run. The 6-mile (9.7 km) race starts at the Iowa on ramp and runs the first mile in Iowa including running up Snake Alley. It then runs across the bridge through Illinois on U.S. Route 34 and finishes on Front St. in front of the Port of Burlington.
# Philippe Gardent (handballer)

Philippe Gardent (born 15 March 1964) is a French handball player who was the captain of the French teams that won the World Championship in 1995 and placed second in 1993. He also won a bronze medal at the 1992 Olympics. He played six matches and scored 16 goals. Since retiring from competitions in 1996 he worked as a handball coach, with Chambéry Savoie Handball (1996–2012), Paris Saint-Germain Handball (2012–2015) and Fenix Toulouse Handball (since 2015).
# Dmitry Klokov

Dmitriy Vyacheslavovich Klokov (Russian: Дмитрий Вячеславович Клоков; born February 18, 1983) is a Russian former Olympic weightlifter, and World and European Champion. He competed in the 105 kg category.

## Biography

Klokov was born in Balashikha, the son of Vyacheslav Klokov, who was a world champion in the heavyweight category.
Klokov became world champion at the 2005 World Championships, with a total of 419 kg. He also participated in the 2005 and 2006 Arnold Sports Festivals in Columbus, Ohio. At the 2006 World Championships and 2007 World Championships he ranked 3rd.
Klokov won the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics, with a total of 423 kg. He won the silver medal at the 2011 World Weightlifting Championships, with a 196 kg snatch, 232 kg clean and jerk for a total of 428 kg at a body weight of 104.6 kg. He lost to a fellow Russian, Khadzhimurat Akkayev by 2 kilos (on the snatch). Klokov was scheduled to compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 105 kg class but was forced to withdraw due to undisclosed medical reasons.
In May 2015, Klokov announced his retirement from international competition. He later signed with the Baltimore Anthem of the National Pro Grid League.
In 2020, Klokov received retrospective doping charges from the International Testing Agency, for historic doping offences during his competitive weightlifting career.

## Personal life

Klokov and his wife, Elena Klokova, have a daughter named Anastasia.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 2008 | Beijing, China | 105 kg | 185 | 190 | 193 | 3 | 222 | 226 | 230 | 2 | 423 | |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2005 | Doha, Qatar | 105 kg | 186 | 190 | 192 | | 222 | 227 | — | | 419 | |
| 2006 | Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep | 105 kg | 180 | 185 | 188 | | 218 | 227 | 227 | 4 | 406 | |
| 2007 | Chiang Mai, Thailand | 105 kg | 185 | 189 | 190 | 4 | 221 | 234 | 234 | 5 | 411 | |
| 2010 | Antalya, Turkey | 105 kg | 185 | 190 | 192 | | 218 | 223 | 227 | | 415 | |
| 2011 | Paris, France | 105 kg | 187 | 192 | 196 | | 220 | 225 | 232 | | 428 | |
| European Championships |||||||||||||
| 2010 | Minsk, Belarus | 105 kg | 185 | 190 | 190 | | 217 | 224 | — | | 409 | |
# Principles of user interface design

The principles of user interface design are intended to improve the quality of user interface design. According to Lucy Lockwood's approach of usage-centered design, these principles are:
* The structure principle: Design should organize the user interface purposefully, in meaningful and useful ways based on clear, consistent models that are apparent and recognizable to users, putting related things together and separating unrelated things, differentiating dissimilar things and making similar things resemble one another. The structure principle is concerned with overall user interface architecture.
* The simplicity principle: The design should make simple, common tasks easy, communicating clearly and simply in the user's own language, and providing good shortcuts that are meaningfully related to longer procedures.
* The visibility principle: The design should make all needed options and materials for a given task visible without distracting the user with extraneous or redundant information. Good designs don't overwhelm users with alternatives or confuse with unneeded information.
* The feedback principle: The design should keep users informed of actions or interpretations, changes of state or condition, and errors or exceptions that are relevant and of interest to the user through clear, concise, and unambiguous language familiar to users.
* The tolerance principle: The design should be flexible and tolerant, reducing the cost of mistakes and misuse by allowing undoing and redoing, while also preventing errors wherever possible by tolerating varied inputs and sequences and by interpreting all reasonable actions reasonable.
* The reuse principle: The design should reuse internal and external components and behaviors, maintaining consistency with purpose rather than merely arbitrary consistency, thus reducing the need for users to rethink and remember.
According to Jef Raskin there are two laws of user interface design:
* First Law: A computer shall not harm your work or, through inactivity, allow your work to come to harm.
* Second Law: A computer shall not waste your time or require you to do more work than is strictly necessary.
Additionally he mentions that "users should set the pace of an interaction", meaning that a user should not be kept waiting unnecessarily and that an interface should be monotonous with no surprises "the principle of monotony".
# Kazim Cecen

Kazim Cecen (August 23, 1919 – August 8, 1997), was a Turkish hydraulic engineering academic and historian of science.

## Life

Kazim Cecen was born in Elazig in 1919. In 1937, he completed his high school at İzmir Atatürk High School. After that he went to Germany in 1938 to study hydraulic engineering on a scholarship from the Turkish Ministry of National Education, and he completed his degree in engineering in 1943 from the Technische Hochschule in Berlin (now Technische Universität Berlin). Despite enrolling in a doctoral program at the same university, the onset of the Second World War and worsening war conditions within Germany forced him to return to Turkey in 1945 without completing his program.
After his return to Turkey, he started teaching at Istanbul Technical University (ITU), where he attained an associate professorship in 1949, and full professorship in 1960. In 1959, he attained his PhD from Graz University of Technology in Austria. In 1982, he became the dean of Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering Department at ITU. In 1985, he went to teach at Technische Universität Braunschweig. For his research output, he was awarded the Gotthilf Hagen Medal in 1967. in 1976, he won the Tübitak Science award for his study on water intake facilities and groundwater flows in Istanbul.

## Works

Cecen was the author of numerous works in Turkish and some in English on the waterways of Istanbul, as well as many entries in the Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Encyclopedia of Islam), a Turkish academic encyclopaedia for Islamic studies published by the TDV.
His books include:
* İstanbul'da Osmanlı Devrinde Su Tesisleri (Istanbul: Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1979).
* Süleymaniye Suyolları (Istanbul: Istanbuk Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Araştırma Merkezi, 1986).
* Hüseyin Tevfik Paşa ve "Linear Algebra" (Istanbul: Istanbu Teknik Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1988).
* Mimar Sinan ve Kırkçeşme Tesisleri (Istanbul: Istanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi İSKİ Yayınları, 1988).
* İstanbul'un Vakıf Sularından Üslüdar Suları (Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Yayınları, 1991).
* Taksim ve Hamidiye Suları (Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Yayınları, 1992).
* Sinan's Water Supply System in Istanbul (Istanbul: İSKİ Yayınları, 1996).
* The Longest Roman Water Supply Line (Istanbul: Turkiye Sinai Kalkinma Bankasi, 1996)
* II. Bayezid Suyolu Haritaları (Istanbul: İSKİ Yayınları, 1997).
* Topkapı Sarayı'na Su Sağlayan İsale Hatları (Istanbul: İSKİ Yayınları, 1997) (along with Celal Koray).
* İstanbul'un Osmanlı Dönemi Suyolları (Istanbul: İSKİ Yayınları, 1999) (along with Celal Koray).
He also wrote many articles in Turkish on the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, especially on the Byzantine and Ottoman waterways of Istanbul.
# Vezir Coşkun Parlak

Vezir Coşkun Parlak is an electronic engineer and politician. Since June 2023 he is a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey representing Hakkari for the Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party (DEM Party).

## Early life and education

Vezir Coşkun Parlak was born in 1989 in Çukurca in Hakkari province. In 1997, he and his family moved to Ankara where he completed primary and secondary education. Following he studied electronic engineering and graduated from the Yüzüncü Yıl University in Van.

## Political career

Since 2008, he is active in politics, and was involved in the HDK and also the Democratic Regions Party (DBP) or the Peoples Democratic Party (HDP). In 2020, when he was the co-chair of the HDP branch in Ankara, he was detained for a short while after he protested against the dismissal of the mayors of the HDP. In the parliamentary election of May 2023, he was elected into the Grand National Assembly of Turkey representing Hakkari for the YSP. The day he was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, a prosecutor initiated a criminal investigation against him for terror related charges due to his support of prisoners in a prison in Rize.
# Joshua Bayes

Joshua Bayes (1671–1746) was an English Nonconformist minister.

## Life

Bayes was son of the Rev. Samuel Bayes, who was ejected by the Act of Uniformity of 1662 from a living in Derbyshire, and after 1662 lived at Manchester until his death. Believed to be born in 1671, he received his entire secular education in the grammar school of his native town, Manchester. Being dedicated from his birth to the nonconformist ministry, he was placed under the tuition of Richard Frankland, of Attercliffe in Yorkshire, on 15 Nov. 1686.
On the conclusion of his course he proceeded to London, and was admitted for "examination" by a number of the elder ministers "according to the practice of the times". He was ordained preacher of the gospel and minister on 22 June 1694. This—the first public ordination amongst dissenters in the city after the Act of Uniformity—took place in the meeting-house of Samuel Annesley in Little St. Helens. There were six candidates, one of whom was Edmund Calamy.
It appears that young Bayes served the churches around London as a kind of itinerant or evangelist for some years. But about 1706 he settled at St. Thomas's meeting-house, Southwark, as assistant to John Sheffield, one of the most original of the later puritan writers. This engagement requiring his attendance only in the morning of each Sunday, he also acted as assistant to Christopher Taylor at Leather Lane.
When Matthew Henry died, leaving his Commentary unfinished, its completion was entrusted to a select number of Presbyterian divines, including Bayes, to whom was assigned the Epistle to the Galatians. The continuation has never secured the unique acceptance of Matthew Henry's own writing, but the "Galatians" is among the best of the supplements.
With Taylor of Leather Lane dying in 1723, Bayes, his assistant, was invited to succeed him. Accordingly he resigned the morning service at St. Thomas's. Subsequently he himself appointed ‘assistants’, first John Cornish, and next his own son, Thomas Bayes. Dr. Calamy's death in 1732 caused a vacancy in the Merchants' lectureship at Salters' Hall, and Bayes was chosen to succeed him.
In 1735 he associated himself with a number of divines in a course of lectures—also delivered at Salters' Hall—against popery. His own subject was "The Church of Rome's Doctrine and Practice with relation to the Worship of God in an unknown tongue". He died on 24 April 1746, and was buried in Bunhill Fields.

## Works

Besides the publications already named, he published several occasional sermons. There is a very fine portrait of him (in oil) in Dr Williams's library, engraved in Wilson's History and Antiquities of Dissenting Churches.
# Sunpak

Sunpak was a Japanese manufacturer of photographic equipment, namely third-party electronic flashes.

## History

Sunpak's first product, a compact flash unit called the Sunpak 7, was released in 1963, although the company was only incorporated in 1972.
Sunpak was a popular brand of auto-thyristor flashes in the 1970s and 1980s. Along with on-camera and handle-mounted "potato masher" flashes, the company produced various flash accessories as well as a waterproof flash.
In 2007 Sunpak — at the time the lighting division of Tocad Energy [ja] — was merged with Sea&Sea, a manufacturer of accessories for underwater photography; the combined entity was renamed to SEA&SEA SUNPAK Co.Ltd., while Tocad America continued to be the brand's U.S. distributor.
By mid-2019, with no formal announcement, Sunpak's website was reverted to show Tocad Energy as the company's legal entity, while the 2007 corporate site (www.ss-sp.com) redirected to Sea&Sea's. In 2022 Sunpak's website was reduced to a single page in Japanese merely mentioning the discontinuation of support for all products.

## List of products

* AP-52 Handle Mount Flash
* Auto14 flash
* Auto 16R Pro
* Auto20 flash
* Auto 32B flash
* Auto 383 Super
* Auto 500
* Auto zoom 600 flash
* D macro
* DC7 Flash
* G Flash
* PF20XD
* PF30X
* PZ40X
* PZ42X
* PZ5000AF
* RD2000
* Remote Lite II
# Kevin Burns (swimmer)

Kevin Robert Burns (born 19 September 1955) is a British former swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1976 Summer Olympics, becoming the first black swimmer to represent Great Britain at the Olympic Games.
He represented England and won a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 metres freestyle relay, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. He won the 1976 ASA National Championship 100 metres freestyle title.
# Chen Ming-tong

Chen Ming-tong (Chinese: 陳明通; pinyin: Chén Míngtōng; born 25 November 1955) is a Taiwanese political scientist and politician who served as the director-general of the National Security Bureau from 2021 to 2023 and the minister of the Mainland Affairs Council from 2018 to 2021 and 2007 to 2008.

## Academic career

Chen earned his bachelor's, master's and his Ph.D. in political science from National Taiwan University (NTU) in 1979, 1981 and 1991, respectively. Chen worked as a researcher in the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of the Taipei City Government in 1983-1984. After finishing his doctoral degree, he worked as associate professor followed by professor at the Graduate Institute of National Development of NTU from 1992 to 2000.
He was a thesis adviser to several politicians affiliated with the Democratic Progressive Party, including Chiu Chih-wei, Kao Chia-yu, Lin Chih-chien, Pan Men-an, Cheng Wen-tsan and Shen Fa-hui.
In 2022, several master theses he advised were pointed out for plagiarism, and his students Lin Chih-chien and Cheng Wen-tsan's master degrees had been canceled by National Taiwan University. Then he was fired by the university. In 2024, he published a book with Puma Shen's preface, claiming that the "theses event" was political persecution influcented by mainland China. However, the university declared that Lin and cheng had accept the degree cancellation, so Chen needs to apologize to the public as an advisor of master graduates.

## Political career

He led the Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) between 2007 and 2008, then returned to NTU. In 2018, he succeeded Katharine Chang as MAC minister.

## National Security Bureau

In 2022, he publicly claimed on the basis of intelligence that China was not going to invade Taiwan within the next several years while Tsai Ing-wen remained in office and that the Russian invasion of Ukraine had caused the mainland to re-evaluate their military plans regarding Taiwan. He also claimed that Taiwan had some knowledge of what the makeup of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was going to be after the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party to be held later in 2022.
His public revelation of this information was criticized by former army Major General Yu Beichen, he alleged that revealing such specific information put intelligence gathering in the mainland at risk.
# Beylerbeyi S.K.

Beylerbeyi S.K. is a Turkish football club in Istanbul. The team plays at the 6,500 capacity Beylerbeyi 75. Yıl Stadium, sharing the ground with Anadolu Üsküdar. Beylerbeyi S.K. was the recruitment resource of Galatasaray Sports Club between 2003 and 2009.

## League participations

* TFF First League: 1963–69, 1981–83, 1996–98
* TFF Second League: 1969–72, 1984–96, 1998–2001, 2008–09
* TFF Third League: 2001–08, 2009–
* Turkish Regional Amateur League: 1972–81, 1983–84

## Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 53 | GK | TUR | Mehmet Aşlamacı |
| 48 | DF | TUR | Onur Uğlu |
| 33 | DF | TUR | Mehmet Ballı |
| 15 | DF | TUR | Fatih Sercan Ekinci |
| 24 | DF | TUR | Kaan Dorak |
| 44 | DF | TUR | Umut Yavaş (C) |
| 54 | DF | TUR | Kubat Ceyhun Sarı |
| 66 | MF | TUR | Çetin Turan |
| 88 | MF | TUR | Çağdaş Topal |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 18 | MF | TUR | Gökhan Günaydın |
| 22 | MF | TUR | İsmail Erdoğan (C) |
| 98 | MF | TUR | Ömer Halis Güven |
| 19 | MF | TUR | Ünal Avcı |
| 5 | MF | TUR | Sertaç Ergen |
| 23 | MF | TUR | Eren Ahmet Balkan |
| 80 | MF | TUR | Sinan Çınar |
| 9 | FW | TUR | Çağrı Yasan |
| 21 | FW | TUR | Osman Mertoğlu (C) |
| 70 | FW | TUR | Hayri Mert Yomralıoğlu |
| 27 | FW | TUR | Erhan Göç |
| 14 | FW | TUR | Okan Demir |
# Arncliffe, North Yorkshire

Arncliffe is a small village and civil parish in Littondale, one of the Yorkshire Dales in England. Littondale is a small valley beside Upper Wharfedale, 3 miles (4.8 km) beyond Kilnsey and its famous crag. It is part of the Craven district of the non-metropolitan county of North Yorkshire, but is in the historic West Riding of Yorkshire. The population of the civil parish was estimated at 80 in 2015.

## Overview

Situated on a gravel delta above the flood-plain of the River Skirfare, Arncliffe's houses, cottages, and other buildings face a large green, and green hillsides etched with limestone scars. A barn to the north of the green is a good example of the local style, with an unusual entrance, and a datestone of 1677.
Behind the village buildings are several small crofts, nearly one to each house, and beyond these, limestone walls climb the surrounding hills separating higher fields. St Oswald's Church lies close to the river a little north of the village, and the road up the dale crosses the river past Bridge End where Charles Kingsley stayed, and Old Cotes, built in 1650, whose gabled porch has a 3-light window somewhat characteristic of late 17th century houses in this area of the dales. A narrow, winding road climbs steeply southwards from the village, across the fells towards Malham. Paths also go towards Kettlewell and Starbotton.
Arncliffe was the original setting for the fictional village of Beckindale in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale Farm, from its inception in 1972 until moving to Esholt in 1976. Some scenes for the 2020 TV series All Creatures Great and Small were filmed in Arncliffe. The village pub, The Falcon Inn, has appeared in both shows.
The village is the birthplace of Up Series participant Nicholas Hitchon.

## History

Arncliffe was first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. The toponym is of Old English origin, meaning "eagles' cliff" (from earn "eagle").
The ancient parish of Arncliffe was part of Staincliffe Wapentake in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The parish also included the townships of Hawkswick, Litton, Halton Gill and Buckden. All these places became separate civil parishes in 1866.
Arncliffe was transferred to the new county of North Yorkshire in 1974.
# Barbara Mannucci

Barbara Mannucci (born 15 January 1982, Rome) is an Italian politician.

## Biography

She is the daughter of Corrado Mannucci, a unionist with the UGL and former general secretary of CISNAL and the secretary of the political missino Pino Romualdi.
In January 2007, while serving as a parliamentary assistant, she founded and chaired the Rome EUR club affiliated with the good governance network of Marcello Dell'Utri, which selected her to be a parliamentary candidate the following year. At the age of 26, during the 2008 general elections she was elected to the XVI Legislature of Italy in the Puglia constituency for The People of Freedom, serving until 2013.
In June 2009, she was a candidate for the 2009 European Parliament elections with the PdL in the Central Italy constituency, but received 6,309 votes and was not elected.
In December 2014, she joined We with Salvini, the southern and central Italy branch of Lega Nord, becoming the national coordinator for women. She supported the party's hardline positions on immigration, proposing in January 2016 mandatory and preventive chemical castration for any repeat offender of rape entering Italy.