OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FedEx Express Flight 630

FedEx Express Flight 630 was a regular scheduled cargo flight from Seattle-Tacoma International Airport to Memphis International Airport, Memphis, Tennessee. On July 28, 2006, the McDonnell Douglas MD-10-10F operating the flight, crashed upon landing due to a landing gear failure. The main left undercarriage collapsed seven seconds after touchdown causing the MD-10 to roll off the runway out of control. The aircraft finally came to a stop near taxiway M4 and caught fire. The fire consumed the wing and port engine and the crash and evacuation left everyone onboard injured.

## Background
### Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a 32-year old McDonnell Douglas MD-10-10F, registration N391FE manufactured in 1974.

### Crew

In command was 57-year-old Captain Jayne C. Akin, who had been working for FedEx Express since 1979. She had 16,000 flight hours, including 4,223 hours on the MD-10/11. The first officer was 38-year-old Andrew D. Macha, who had been with the airline since 2004 and had 5,000 flight hours, with 300-350 of them on the MD-10/11. Macha previously served for the U.S. Air Force from 1991 to 2004.

## Accident

FedEx Flight 630 was a regular scheduled cargo flight from Seattle-Tacoma International Airport to Memphis International Airport, Memphis, Tennessee, which was operated by the company's 82 McDonnell Douglas MD-10F aircraft. On 28 July, N391FE was conducting a visual approach to runway 18R which was initially flown with the autopilot engaged and coupled to the ILS. The first officer was the pilot flying for the landing. At 1600 feet the airplane was configured for a landing. At 400 feet the autopilot was disconnected, the final approach segment was smooth. Upon touchdown, the left main gear collapsed without warning, causing the left wing to contact the runway, with the jet veering violently to the left and eventually coming to a stop near taxiway M4.

## Investigation

The NTSB launched an investigation into the crash of the flight. The final report, released in 2008, cited a fatigue crack in the air filler valve hole caused by inadequate maintenance on the aircraft.
# Kannika

Kannika is a 1947 Indian Tamil-language film starring M. S. Sarojini, T. E. Varadan and M. R. Santhanalakshmi. The film was directed and produced by S. M. Sriramulu Naidu.

## Plot

King Paligna is a demon king whose life is imprisoned inside a dove. He constantly sacrifices young women, with a belief that by doing this, his soul will be made immortal. Shiva creates a man, Kumaran, to kill the king and end the sacrifices. After many twists and turns, Kumaran destroys Paligna by killing the dove and marries the king's daughter, Malini.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by A. V. Natarajan and the lyrics were penned by Papanasam Sivan except "Nadanam Aadinaar", which was penned by Gopala Krishna Bharathiyaar. Singers are M. S. Sarojini, T. E. Varadan and M. R. Santhanalakshmi. Playback singer is S. S. Mani.
| No | Song | Singer | Length(m:ss) |
| 1 | "Nadanam Aadinaar" | M. S. Sarojini | 04:07 |
| 2 | "Enadhu Manam Thudikkuthe" | M. S. Sarojini | 05:52 |
| 3 | "Manam Kaninthu Intha Varam Tha" | M. R. Santhanalakshmi | 00:72 |
| 4 | "Narayana Hari Narayana Hari" | Narasimhan | 02:46 |
| 5 | "Yaanai Mugane Karunakarane" | M. S. Sarojini | 02:29 |
| 6 | "Sundareswarane Subakara" | S. S. Mani | |
| 7 | "Engum Niraindirukkum" | S. S. Mani | 02:21 |
| 8 | "Oon Naadi Kodiya Vilangukal Pol" | S. S. Mani | 02:35 |
| 9 | "Enna Anandam Paar" | M. S. Sarojini | 03:38 |
| 10 | "Yaaro Vanthen Iru Kann Pothinaar" | M. S. Sarojini, S. S. Mani | 04:25 |
| 11 | "Thaye Bhairaviye" | S. S. Mani | 09:40 |
| 12 | "Natarajan Un Thiru Nadam Kandu" | M. S. Sarojini, S. S. Mani | 05:10 |
| 13 | "Velli Malaikkarase" | M. S. Sarojini | |
| 14 | "Thikkutheriyadha Kaattil" | S. S. Mani | |
| 15 | "Buvanesa Shankarabharana Menru" | S. S. Mani, M. S. Sarojini, Narasimhan | 03:46 |
| 16 | "Maamanaar Muthalukku" | N. S. Krishnan | 03:53 |
| 17 | "Shiva-Mohini Dance" | Dance Music | 04:01 |

## Release and reception

Kannika was released on 11 November 1947, and distributed by Narayanan Company. It emerged a box-office bomb. Film historian Randor Guy wrote in 2011 that the film will be "Remembered for the melodious music, impressive cinematography and the interesting onscreen narration."
# Pakeha parrotti

Pakeha parrotti is a species of Cycloctenidae spider that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1973 by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton from male and female specimens. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The male is recorded at 3.90mm in length whereas the female is 4.00mm.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Westland, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size" and "Data Poor: Trend".
# Lankesha

Lankesha is a 2001 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed by B. C. Patil and starring himself, Bhavana and Sheetal Bedi. The film was released to mixed reviews.

## Cast

* B. C. Patil as Lankesha
* Bhavana
* Sheetal Bedi as Janaki
* Shobaraj
* Rami Reddy
* Shivaram
* Avinash
* Rathnakar
* Srikanta
* Shashi Kumar
* Baby Srushti
* Shailaja Joshi

## Production

Bhavana shot for this film alongside Ellara Mane Dosenu (2001), Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu (2001), and Rashtrageethe (2001). She plays a sacrificial character. Mumbai based-Sheetal Bedi made her Kannada debut through this film.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Hamsalekha, who also wrote the lyrics.
* "Jinchakka Jinchakka" - Hemanth, Anuradha Sriram
* "Mahesha Papa Vinasha (Title Song)" - Hemanth
* "Kennege Hyange Banthu Kempu" - Hemanth
* "Mere Samane Wale" - Hemanth
* "Ranne Oh Ranne" - Hemanth
* "Bandaga Obbane Bande" - Manu

## Reception

A critic from Chitraloka.com called the film liked by everyone including Ravana and Rama. A critic from indiainfo.com rated the film two out of five and wrote that "Just when we feel a little too tired with all the violence in the film, sentiments breeze in excess. There are only two emotions one can feel for this film, you can either like it or hate it".
# Karolina Bielawska

Karolina Bielawska is a Polish beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World 2021.

## Personal life

Bielawska was born in Łódź. She is a business student with a bachelor's degree in management and she is studying for her master's degree.
She is the daughter of Agnieszka Zakrzewska-Bielawska, dean of the Faculty of Organization and Management of the Łódź University of Technology, and Łukasz Bielawski, former president of ŁKS Łódź.

## Pageantry
### Miss Polonia 2019

On 24 November 2019, Bielawska represented Łódź at Miss Polonia 2019 and won the title, making her Poland's Miss World 2020 candidate. Miss World 2020 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. She retained the Miss World Poland 2021 title.
After being selected, she engaged in charity activities, such as volunteering for "Soup na Pietrynie", initiator of the Polish National Charity Action "Korona z Głowy" supporting those in need during the pandemic, ambassador of the social campaign "Dotykam = Wygrywam" acting to fight breast cancer and a participant in the "FASS OFF" campaign for the Dom Foundation in Łódź. She supports the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity and the DKMS Foundation, is an ambassador of the charity action fighting COVID-19 in Peru, the action included in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs "Polonia4Neighbors", and as part of the charity project "Beauty with a purpose" together with the Foundation "Zupa na Pietrynie" created the first bathhouse in Łódź for people who are homeless.

### Miss World 2021

Bielawska won Miss World 2021 at the Coca-Cola Music Hall in San Juan, Puerto Rico on 16 March 2022. She became the second Pole to win Miss World after Aneta Kręglicka in 1989.
During her reign as Miss World, she visited Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, Poland, Romania, United States, Ecuador, Ivory Coast, Lebanon, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Botswana, Finland, United Arab Emirates, India, Philippines, and Ukraine.
# Karuppu Panam

Karuppu Panam (transl. Black Money) is a 1964 Indian Tamil-language crime film directed and photographed by G. R. Nathan. The screenplay was written by Valampuri Somanathan from a story by Kannadasan. The music was by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy. It stars T. S. Balaiah, K. Sarangapani, Balaji, K. R. Vijaya and Sheela. The film was commercially successful.

## Cast
### Male cast

* T. S. Balaiah as Sattanathan
* K. Sarangapani as Dhamodharan
* Balaji as Gandhi
* Kuladeivam Rajagopal as Raju
* V. S. Raghavan as Sambasivam
* Shanmugasundaram as Sundaram
* Ramanathan as Devi's brother
* Kannadasan as Thanikachalam

### Female cast

* K. R. Vijaya as Devi
* Sheela as Lucy
* C. K. Saraswathi as Shankari
* S. N. Lakshmi as Sattanathan's first wife
* S. Varalakshmi as Kamala

## Production

Karuppu Panam was directed and photographed by G. R. Nathan. The screenplay was written by Valampuri Somanathan from a story by Kannadasan. Editing was handled by S. Surya (for whom this was a posthumous release) and R. Devarajan, and art direction was handled by Alagappan. Kannadasan also played the antagonist, and many viewers believed the film parodied actor M. G. Ramachandran's public life, given the tumultuous relationship between him and Kannadasan.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy. Lyrics were written by Kannadasan.
| Song | Singers | Length |
| "Ellarum Ellamum" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan | 3:15 |
| "Iraikka Iraikka" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan | 1:00 |
| "Kanmani Kanmai Kanne" | P. Susheela | 3:22 |
| "Ammamma Keladi" | L. R. Eswari | 5:28 |
| "Kayilae Panamirundhal" | L. R. Eswari | 3:28 |
| "Aadavarellam Aadavaralam" | L. R. Eswari | 3:23 |
| "Pattu Chiragukonda" | A. L. Raghavan L. R. Eswari | 3:44 |
| "Thangachi Chinna Ponnu" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan L. R. Eswari | 6:24 |
| "Iraiva Iraiva" (Unthan Rajasabai) | S. Janaki | 4:21 |

## Reception

The Indian Express wrote, "As a photographer, G. R. Nathan's work is slick but as a director it is slack at many places [...] Kannadasan writes better than he acts".
# Harlem Hospital School of Nursing

Harlem Hospital School of Nursing was a training school for African-American women, which was established at Harlem Hospital in Harlem, New York City in 1923. It was founded due to the lack of nursing schools in New York that accepted African American women. Until 1923, the Lincoln Hospital School for Nurses in The Bronx was the only school that allowed the enrollment of Black women.

## Formation

When Mayor Hylan sought reelection in 1921, the NAACP and other community organizations lobbied the mayor to improve healthcare access. Around the same time, Lurline Vassall of Brooklyn, was denied entry to the Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing because of her race. Lurline's father William Vassall launched a campaign to open a school for black nurses. In response, Hylan's administration supported the creation of the Harlem Hospital School of Nursing.
The school opened on January 3, 1923, with a class of twenty black women. It was a two and a half year program. An additional thirteen students were enrolled in April 1923 and another sixteen students were enrolled in September 1923. Thirty-six of these students would go on to graduate on April 23, 1925, becoming the first graduating class.

## Early student experience

Students followed a rigorous twelve-hour schedule. This schedule included academic activities as well as work in the hospital. Some of their activities included cleaning, making beds and caring for patients. Students were often subject to the prejudice of white doctors and nurses, many of whom refused to work with black nursing students.
Students were required to wear pink long-sleeved dresses that came down to six inches off the ground. In addition, each wore an attached collar and cuffs and a long white apron. For shoes they were black high tops. The color of the uniform was soon changed from pink to blue. Shortly after being admitted, students attended a capping ceremony in which they received nurse's caps that symbolized their initiation into the school. Some students were surprised that they were not given the same caps as Bellevue students, but instead were given standard caps. Rumors spread that they hadn't received Bellevue caps because of concerns that black hair would be too greasy. In 1949, a committee formed to replace the standard cap with a more unique design. The design chosen featured a distinctive three point brim representing faith, hope and charity.

## Dissolution

The Harlem Hospital School of Nursing closed in 1977. The decision to close the school was made in part due to lack of funding.

## Notable alumni and personnel

* Renee Amoore
* Goldie Brangman-Dumpson – graduated in 1943
* Rosetta Burke – graduated in 1957.
* Irma Dryden – graduated in 1942
* Alma Vessells John – attended 1926–1929.
* Hazel Johnson-Brown attended 1947–1950 the first Black female general in the United States Army and the first Black chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps.
* Salaria Kea O'Reilly – attended 1930–1934.
* Estelle Massey Osborne – taught in the late 1920s.
* Laura Holloway Yergan, became nursing educator in Africa, Caribbean, Asia, and Middle East
# Callum Newman

Callum Joseph Newman (born 31 August 2002) is an English professional wrestler. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a member of the United Empire stable.

## Early life

Newman's grandfather was Toni Granzi, one of the UK's greatest heel wrestlers, active in the 1950s and 1960s. Influenced by his grandfather, he attended a professional wrestling school near his home while continuing to play football. That's when Newman met Will Ospreay, who took Newman under his wing as his protege.

## Professional wrestling career
### Early career (2017–2023)

Callum made his in-ring debut in December 2017. Newman proceeded to mainly wrestling on the British independent scene.

### New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2023–present)

On 8 September 2023, at Road to Destruction, Newman made his New Japan debut with the United Empire, facing Los Ingobernables de Japon in an eight-man tag team match in a losing effort. He participated in the 2024 New Japan Cup, where he lost to Gabe Kidd in the first round. On July 5, Newman defeated Yoshi-Hashi in a six-man tournament final to win one of two qualification spots for the 2024 G1 Climax. From July to August, he took part in the G1 Climax finishing the tournament with a record of two wins and seven losses, failing to advance to the play-off match of the tournament.

## Championships and accomplishments

* London Lucha League
** LLL Championship (2 times)
* Pro Wrestling Illustrated
** Ranked No. 373 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2024
* Reloaded Championship Wrestling Alliance
** RCWA British Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Maverick Mayhew
# Kizhakku Africavil Sheela

Kizhakku Africavil Sheela (transl. Sheela in East Africa) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language film produced and directed by Dwarakish. A remake of the 1986 Kannada film Africadalli Sheela and inspired by the works featuring Sheena, Queen of the Jungle, the film stars Suresh, Sahila Chadha, and Nizhalgal Ravi. It was released on 14 January 1987.

## Plot

A doctor named Ramu goes deep into the dark continent of Africa with his wife to help tribals. The couple are killed before that can be done, and their daughter is raised by apes, growing up to be Sheela. Ramu's father sends an expedition to search for his son. Unbeknownst to him, the members of this expedition have other goals. How one of the expedition's members checkmates their moves and does the rescue forms the rest of the plot.

## Cast

* Suresh
* Sahila Chadha as Sheela
* Senthil
* Nizhalgal Ravi as Ramu
* Charuhasan as Ramu's father
* Delhi Ganesh as Accountant
* Disco Shanti as Naagini
* Kanchana
* Kovai Sarala as Chikki Mukki
* Sudheer
* Omakuchi Narasimhan as Mathaguru (uncredited)

## Production

Kizhakku Africavil Sheela is a remake of the 1986 Kannada film Africadalli Sheela, and was also inspired by the works featuring Sheena, Queen of the Jungle. The film was shot predominantly in Zimbabwe. Directed by Dwarakish, it was also produced by him under his banner Dwarakish Chitra. Sahila Chadha, who starred as the eponymous Sheela in Kannada, reprised her role in the remake.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Bappi Lahiri and lyrics written by Vaali.

## Release and reception

Kizhakku Africavil Sheela was released on 14 January 1987. In a review dated 6 February 1987, The Indian Express felt the film largely resembled the "listless" television series Appu Aur Pappu as it was "stilted and trashy" like the dubbed Telugu action films that were common in that era. The reviewer criticised the characterisation of the villains, but praised the "catchy disco rhythms" composed by Bappi Lahiri, and Disco Shanti's "raw appeal". Jayamanmadhan of Kalki panned the film, saying it might have worked better in a language other than Tamil.
# Kokilavani

Kokilavani (transl. Singing (Indian) Cuckoo) is a 1956 Indian film directed by S. A. Natarajan. The film stars Raghuveer and Tambaram Lalitha. It was produced in Tamil and Kannada languages. The Tamil version was released on 30 March 1956.

## Cast

The list is adapted from the database of Film News Anandan and from Thiraikalangiyam.

### Male cast

* S. A. Natarajan
* Raghuveer (debut)
* K. M. Balakrishnan
* K. Sarangapani
* S. V. Subbaiah
* V. M. Ezhumalai
* Kaka Radhakrishnan

### Female cast

* Tambaram Lalitha
* B. Saroja Devi
* P. Susheela
* A. Sakunthala
* R. Bharathi

## Production

The film was produced by S. A. Natarajan and J. G. Vijayam who also handled the cinematography. Choreography was done by P. S. Gopalakrishnan. The film was produced in Kannada with the same title.

## Soundtrack

Music was composed by G. Ramanathan. A Thiruvarutpa by Ramalinga Swamigal was included in the film.
| Song | Singer/s | Lyricist | Duration (m:ss) |
| "Kambiyile Vaasikiren" | Baby Saroja, Devaki, Moorthi, P. S. Thangamani, Elangovan, S. R. Ramadas | T. K. Sundara Vathiyar | 03:06 |
| "Oonuyirgal Ullamellaam" | S. C. Krishnan | T. K. Sundara Vathiyar | |
| "Jilu Jilu Mittaai Paarungo" | S. C. Krishnan | Lakshmanadas | 02:19 |
| "Ammaiyappa Unnai" | T. M. Soundararajan | Lakshmanadas | 02:35 |
| "Thaditha Or Maganai Thandhai" | T. M. Soundararajan | Ramalinga Swamigal | 00:53 |
| "Vanjanaiyariyaa Vaanambaadi" | D. B. Ramachandran & T. R. Gajalakshmi | S. D. Sundharam | 04:38 |
| "Sarasa Mohana Sangeedhaamrudha" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan | S. D. Sundharam | 04:12 |
| "Anboli Veesi" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan | S. D. Sundharam | 03:17 |
| "Azhagodaiyil Neendhum Annam" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan & Jikki | S. D. Sundharam | 04:43 |
| "Thiruve En Deviye" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan & Jikki | A. Maruthakasi | |
| "Ulagam Pugazhum Ezhil Raani" | Jikki & group | A. Maruthakasi | 05:28 |
| "Maalaiyile Manasaanthi" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan | A. Maruthakasi | 02:34 |
# James Bowles

    disambiguation: for the pro wrestler's dad see James Henry Bowles
James Bowles (born 1985 in Newtownshandrum, County Cork) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Newtownshandrum and was a substitute on the Cork senior inter-county team in the early 2000s.
# Kuchela (film)

Kuchela (transl. Devotee Kuchela) is a 1936 Indian devotional film in Tamil language directed and produced by lawyer turned filmmaker K. Subramaniam. The film featured Papanasam Sivan as Kuchela and S. D. Subbulakshmi in dual roles as Lord Krishna and Kuchela's wife Susheela.

## Plot

The film depicted the tale of friendship between the poor Brahmin Kuchela who had 27 children and Lord Krishna.

## Cast

The following list was adapted from The Hindu review article by Randor Guy and from the film's song book.

## Production

Subramanyam cast Subbulakshmi in a double role as a male (Lord Krishna) and a female (Susheela, Kuchela's wife). Such casting was the first of its kind in Tamil film history and even Indian cinema. Cinematography was handled by Sailen Bose and the continuity (Editing) was supervised by G. Pattu Iyer.

### Title

The Encyclopedia of Indian cinema and The Hindu review article gives the title of the film as Bhaktha Kuchela. Whereas, Film News Anandan's database and the Song Book gives the title as Kuchela.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Papanasam Sivan who also penned the lyrics. There were more than 30 songs in the film. The song book gave the details of orchestra.
* Parthasarathy Naidu – Harmonium
* Rajam Iyer – Fiddle (Violin)
* Ekambara Achari – Mridangam

## Reception

Writing in 2010, Randor Guy said the film was a success. He said the film is "Remembered for the innovative casting, pleasing music and Subbulakshmi's performance."
# Kudumbam (1954 film)

Kudumbam (transl. Family) is a 1954 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Jampana. The film stars Sri Ram and G. Varalakshmi.

## Plot

Dharmalingam is a clerk in a pawn shop. His wife is Seetha and they have a son, Rajendran. Dharmalingam finds it difficult to meet ends with his meagre salary. Seetha's father Veeraiah visits them and realises the family's financial problems. He tells his daughter Seetha that he wants Rajendran, when he grows up, to marry his grand-daughter Sarada. ie: his son Ramanna's daughter. Veeraiah takes Rajendran with him. Ramesh is the son of a Zamindar. One day he cleverly steals a diamond necklace from the pawn shop. Dharmalingam is charged with the theft and sent to jail. Seetha takes refuge with her brother Ramanna. Though Ramanna and father Veeraiah are sympathetic towards her, Ramanna's wife Kamatchi ill-treats her. Seetha goes away with son Rajendran and lives a simple life in a hut. Rajendran grows up and joins a college. Sarada also now grown up and joins the same college. They meet and fall in love with each other. Ramesh returns from abroad after studies. Dharmalingam is released from jail and he goes to work as a domestic aid in Ramesh's house. He waits for a chance to take revenge. Kamatchi is trying to marry daughter Sarada to Ramesh as he is a rich man. Ramesh learns about the love affair between Rajendran and Sarada and gets furious. How things are sorted out forms the rest of the story.

## Cast

List adapted from the song book.

## Production

The film was produced by Jambana Nandhi Productions and was directed by Jampana. M. S. Subramaniam and A. L. Narayanan wrote the story and dialogues. The film was produced in Telugu also with the title Menarikam.

## Soundtrack

Music was composed by Pendyala Nageswara Rao and the lyrics were penned by M. S. Subramaniam. Playback singers are M. L. Vasanthakumari, P. A. Periyanayaki, P. Leela, Jikki, Ssheela, Ghantasala, Rajah, T. M. Soundararajan, M. S. Rama Rao and Nageswara Rao.
| Song | Singer/s | Duration (m:ss) |
| "Pandigai Dhinamithadah" | M. L. Vasanthakumari | |
| "Naalidhuve Nan Naalidhuve" | A. M. Rajah | |
| "Azhuthu Azhuthu Sorndha" | P. Leela | |
| "Ulagile Thanimanithanukku Unavum" | | |
| "Kanneeril Un Kathaiyum" | | |
| "Pagaliravum Paaraamal" | | |
| "Paartheeraa Ivar Sarasam" | Ghantasala & P. Leela | 03:11 |
| "Yeh Kutti Ennai" | Nageswara Rao & P. Susheela | |
| "Ambuli Maamaa Shokku Paarka" | A. M. Rajah & Jikki | 03:11 |
| "Anandamey Anandam" | Jikki | |
| "Pudhumalar Roja Naaney" | P. A. Periyanayaki | |
# Kumaraguru

Kumaraguru is a 1946 Indian Tamil language film produced by Chitrakala Movietone and directed by Jyotish Sinha. The film featured D. S. Krishna Iyer, Jayabala and others.

## Cast

The following list was adapted from the database of Film News Anandan.
* D. S. Krishna Iyer
* Jayabala
* Vidwan Mani
* Radha
* Thanjavur Mani

## Production

This is the first film produced by Chitrakala Movietone a company that was located in Madurai. The company was owned by S. M. Nayagam who also was the producer of this film. Kumaraguru was directed by Jyotish Sinha. Prabhakar handled the cinematography.