OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anton Fils

Anton Fils (also Antonín Fils, Johann Anton Fils, Johann Anton Filtz), 22 September 1733 (baptized) – 14 March 1760 (buried) was a German classical composer.
Fils was born in Eichstätt, in the Bishopric of Eichstätt, Bavaria. Long thought to have been of Bohemian origin (e.g., Racek 1956), despite having been described as "from Bavaria" by Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg in 1756, his true origins were discovered in the 1960s (Wolf 2001). Fils studied law and theology at the University of Ingolstadt, and in 1754 became part of the "Mannheimer Hofkapelle" as a cellist. The Mannheim orchestra at the time was led by Johann Stamitz (Würtz & Wolf 2001). In 1757 Fils married Elizabeth Range, and in 1759 the couple bought a house.
Although he died at age 26, he left an extensive body of work, including at least thirty-four symphonies. Although he composed about thirty concertos, mainly for cello and for flute, only about half have survived (Wolf 2001).
Fils died in Mannheim and was buried on 14 March 1760 (Wolf 2001).
In his book Ideas for an Aesthetic of Music (posthumously published in 1806), author-musician Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart called Fils "the greatest composer of symphonies who ever lived" (Schubart 1806, 141). He also attributed Fils' early death to "his bizarre notion of eating spiders" (Schubart 1806, 141). Retellings of this legend were elaborated to include Fils assuring horrified observers that spiders tasted like fresh strawberries (Anon. n.d.). The tale still circulates as a curious bit of classical music trivia (Moore 2010,).
# 1910–11 Belfast Charity Cup

The 1910–11 Belfast Charity Cup was the 28th edition of the Belfast Charity Cup, a cup competition in Irish football.
Glentoran won the tournament for the 4th time, defeating Belfast Celtic 4–2 in the final.

## Results
### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Distillery | 0–1 | Cliftonville |
| Belfast Celtic | bye | |
| Glentoran | bye | |
| Linfield | bye | |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 3–2 | Linfield |
| Glentoran | 6–1 | Cliftonville |
# Yasunori Kikuchi

Yasunori Kikuchi (菊池 保則, born September 18, 1989, in Kuji District, Ibaraki) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
# Zheng Shaoyu

Zheng Shaoyu (Chinese: 郑少愚; pinyin: Zhèng Shǎoyú; 1911–1942), also spelled Cheng Hsiao-yu (Wades-Gile), was a Chinese fighter pilot in the Second Sino-Japanese War of World War 2. He was born in Qu County of Sichuan province. In 1933–1934, he passed initial qualifications for admission into the China Central Aviation School at Jianqiao Airbase. He graduated top-3 in the class in 1935. When the War of Resistance/World War II broke out between China and the Empire of Japan following the 7/7 Incident, then-Lieutenant Zheng Shaoyu was attached to the 22nd PS, 4th PG at Zhoujiakou Airbase of the centralized Chinese Nationalist Air Force in anticipation of operations in the northern front. On 13 August 1937, his fighter squadron would immediately be redirected from Zhoujiakou to Hangzhou Airbase, 175 kilometres (109 mi) southwest of Shanghai to engage the Imperial Japanese at what would be the first major battle of World War II in Asia; the Battle of Shanghai.
Lt. Col. Zheng Shaoyu was the fourth commanding officer of the famed "Zhihang Fighter Group" (the 4th PG), after Capt Wang Tianxiang, Col. Gao Zhihang himself, and Capt. Li Guidan to die in the war against Imperial Japan.
Zheng Shaoyu was portrayed in the patriotic war drama Heroes of the Eastern Skies (1977).
# Hidaka District, Wakayama

Hidaka District (日高郡, Hidaka-gun) is a district located in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2020, the district has an estimated Population of 48,661 and a Density of 74.25 persons/km$^2$. Hidaka’s total area is 655.49 km$^2$.

## Towns and villages

* Hidaka
* Hidakagawa
* Inami
* Mihama
* Minabe
* Yura

## Merger

* On October 1, 2004 the village of Minabegawa merged into the expanded town of Minabe.
* On May 1, 2005 the towns of Kawabe, Nakatsu and Miyama merged to form the new town of Hidakagawa.
* On May 1, 2005 the village of Ryūjin merged into the city of Tanabe.
# Institute for Theoretical Physics

Institute for Theoretical Physics may refer to:

## China

* Institute of Theoretical Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
* Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China, at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
* Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

## United States

* Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.
* C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, New York, U.S.
* Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, U.S.
* Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, California, U.S.
* Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, U.S.
* William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, U.S.

## Other countries

* Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
* Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics, Florence, Italy
* Institute for Theoretical Physics, Copenhagen, Denmark
* Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
* Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Russia
* Lorentz Institute for theoretical physics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
* Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stockholm, Sweden
* Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
* Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Japan
# 1911–12 Belfast Charity Cup

The 1910–11 Belfast Charity Cup was the 29th edition of the Belfast Charity Cup, a cup competition in Irish football.
Belfast Celtic won the tournament for the 3rd time, defeating Distillery 3–0 in the final.
Due to a dispute the other clubs had with the Irish Football Association, Linfield competed in this tournament under the name Belfast Blues.

## Results
### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Cliftonville | 2–3 | Belfast Blues |
| Belfast Celtic | bye | |
| Distillery | bye | |
| Glentoran | bye | |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Distillery | 2–0 | Belfast Blues |
| Belfast Celtic | 0–0 | Glentoran |

#### Replay

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 3–1 | Glentoran |
# Ik (cuneiform)

The cuneiform sign ik, (and iq), is a common-use sign of the Amarna letters, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and other cuneiform texts (for example Hittite texts). It has a common secondary use in the Amarna letters for "iq", for the spelling of Akkadian "qabû", for English "to speak", in dialogue to the pharaoh in the letters.
Linguistically, it has the alphabetical usage in texts for k, or q, or g. And a replacement for any of the four vowels, a, e, i, u.

## Epic of Gilgamesh usage

The ik sign usage in the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: (eg, 2 times, ek, 13, eq, 2, ig, 9, ik, 51, iq, 27, and IG, 8 times).
# Out of Nowhere (Johnny Green song)

"Out of Nowhere" is a popular song composed by Johnny Green with lyrics by Edward Heyman and published by Famous Music. It was popularized by Bing Crosby, and was the first recording under his Brunswick Records contract. He recorded it on March 30, 1931 and it became his first number one hit as a solo artist. Crosby also sang it in the film Confessions of a Co-Ed (1931) and in his short film I Surrender Dear (1931). He recorded it again in 1954 for his album Bing: A Musical Autobiography.
Other 1931 recordings were by Leo Reisman and his Orchestra (vocal by Frank Munn) which reached No. 6 in the charts of the day, Smith Ballew and his Orchestra, Ruth Etting, and Roy Fox and His band (vocal: Al Bowlly) recorded July 31, 1931. (Al Bowlly Discography).
The song's harmonic progression has been used in several later songs, such as Alexander Courage's "Theme from Star Trek", Tadd Dameron's "Casbah", Fats Navarro's "Nostalgia", Gigi Gryce's "Sans Souci", and Lennie Tristano's "317 East 32nd Street."
It has become a jazz standard, with dozens of instrumental and vocal versions by various artists.

## Other recordings

* Ray Anthony - Ray Anthony Plays for Dream Dancing (1956)
* Chet Baker – Rare Chet
* Dave Brubeck with Paul Desmond – Jazz Goes to College (1954)
* Don Byas – recorded as "You Came Along" on June 27, 1945 for Jamboree
* Vic Damone – That Towering Feeling! (1956) and Closer Than a Kiss (1958).
* Ella Fitzgerald – recorded June 29, 1939 as a single for Decca
* Russell Garcia – The Johnny Evergreens (1958), with John Williams on piano and Don Fagerquist on trumpet
* Stephan Grappelli with Django Reinhardt (1939)
* Coleman Hawkins with Benny Carter and Django Reinhardt (1937)
* Lena Horne with Teddy Wilson and His Orchestra – recorded September 15, 1941 for Columbia
* Frank Ifield - released March 31, 1967 Columbia Records 45 RPM Disc
* Bunk Johnson – Last Testament (1947)
* Patti Page – In the Land of Hi-Fi (1956)
* Charlie Parker with Miles Davis (1947)
* Anthony Perkins – On a Rainy Afternoon (1958) (RCA)
* Frank Sinatra with the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra – recorded July 30, 1942
* Art Tatum – (1947)

## Film appearances

* 1931 Dude Ranch
* 1931 Confessions of a Co-Ed – sung by Bing Crosby
* 1931 I Surrender Dear – sung by Bing Crosby
* 1945 You Came Along – sung by Helen Forrest
* 1951 A Place in the Sun - arr. by Franz Waxman
* 1954 Sabrina – instrumental
* 1957 The Joker Is Wild – sung by Frank Sinatra, parody lyrics by Harry Harris
* 1959 The Rat Race
* 1969 They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
* 1974 The Conversation
* 1987 September – Bert Ambrose and His Orchestra
* 1993 Manhattan Murder Mystery – Coleman Hawkins and His All-Star Jam Band
* 1997 Deconstructing Harry – Django Reinhardt
* 1999 Sweet and Lowdown – Dick Hyman
# Letter from a Thief

"Letter from a Thief" is a song by American rock band Chevelle. The song serves the second single from the band's album, Sci-Fi Crimes. It was released on December 7, 2009. Chevelle originally debuted this track on April 9, 2009, at a concert in Atlanta. Frontman Pete Loeffler said the song is about a personal experience for the band when their gear was stolen in Dallas, and his prized red PRS guitar seen in the video for "Send the Pain Below" was stolen, along with the rest of the band's gear, and returned by a man in California who returned the guitar to PRS after learning it was Loeffler's.

## Critical reception

Loudwire ranked it the eighth greatest Chevelle song.

## Music video

Mobile videos of the band recording "Letter from a Thief" were posted on the band's website on November 30, 2009.
On December 18, 2009, the music video premiered. It shows the band members performing the song in an otherwise empty room.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2009–2010) | Peak position |
| Canada Rock (Billboard) | 41 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 4 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2010) | Position |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 23 |
# Dheeraj Hinduja

Dheeraj Gopichand Hinduja (born August 1971) is a British-Indian businessman, the chairman of Ashok Leyland since October 2010.

## Early life

Dheeraj Hinduja was born in Iran in August 1971, the son of Gopichand Hinduja. The Hinduja family is of Sindhi heritage.
He received a bachelor's degree from University College London in 1993, and an MBA from Imperial College London in 1994.

## Personal life

He married Shalini Chandiramani, a fellow student at Imperial College, and the daughter of a Morocco-based film distributor, some time before 1996. As of 2005, they had two children, Vedika and Vedant.
# Grav (CMS)

Grav is a free software, self-hosted content management system (CMS) written in the PHP programming language and based on the Symfony web application framework. It uses a flat file database for both backend and frontend.
Grav is designed to have a shallow learning curve, and to be easy to set up. The focus of Grav is speed and simplicity, rather than an abundance of built-in features that come at the expense of added complexity.
The name Grav is a shortened version of the word gravity.
Grav is the most starred PHP CMS on GitHub, with over 14,565 stars.

## Awards

* CMS Critic Awards – Best Open Source CMS 2016
* CMS Critic Awards – Best Flat File CMS 2017
* CMS Critic Awards – Best Flat File CMS 2019
* CMS Critic Awards – Best Flat File CMS 2020
* CMS Critic Awards – Best Flat File CMS 2021
# The Ten Thousand Things (Spurling novel)

The Ten Thousand Things is a historical novel by author and playwright John Spurling, based on life of 14th-century Chinese artist Wang Meng during the Yuan dynasty. It was published by Duckworth Overlook in 2014 and won the Walter Scott Prize in 2015. Spurling worked on the book for over fifteen years and in the process his work was rejected by 44 publishers.

## Content and publishing

The book narrates the life of artist Wang Meng, and life in general of people during the Yuan dynasty. As the Yuan dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire, was the first foreign empire to rule a large part of China, the themes of loyalty and a non-native ruler form major parts of the novel. Spurling describes the dilemmas in the minds of Wang and other artists, including Wang's maternal grandfather Zhao Mengfu, regarding loyalty towards the foreign ruler.
The novel starts with 78-year-old Wang narrating his life story, starting from when he resigned from his post of legal secretary in the Yuan court when he was 36. He leaves for peaceful countryside, observing nature and discussing Tao and Buddhist philosophies. He is now imprisoned by the first emperor of the Ming dynasty. He narrates his own story in the third person, reasoning that he wants to view his life as he "see[s] a tree in a landscape and to look at myself as someone else". A bandit under her pseudonym "White Tigress" approaches him seeking help in avenging her husband's wrongful death by the magistrate. In one incident, all his works in the studio catch fire and his servant dies in it trying to save the works. He helps in the White Tigress' plan in killing the magistrate; but White Tigress dies too. The political landscape of China changes drastically with the Yuan dynasty falling and a peasant-turned-king holding the reins, with whom Wang had interacted long ago in a monastery. Wang Meng is released from the jail and given other bureaucratic positions. The Ming rule brings in changes like regulated education, a system of registering households, prescribed clothes, etc. which find mention in the novel.
The Ten Thousand Things is Spurling's fourth novel and took 15 years to write. It "was rejected by 44 publishers in 14 years", before being finally published by Duckworth Overlook in 2014.

## Review and reception

In 2015, the novel won Spurling the Walter Scott Prize, an award given for best historical novel which is set at least 60 years back in history. The award was presented at the Borders Book Festival in Melrose and includes a £25,000 monetary prize. The judges called it "mesmerising, elegantly drawn picture of old imperial China, which feels remarkably modern". In her review for Washington Independent, Alice Stephens calls the book "deceptively simple". Publishers Weekly called it a novel that combines "the delicacy of an old Chinese landscape painting with the brutality of Chinese history". Kirkus Reviews summarizes the novel to be a "work of art in itself" and notes its strength to be "the rich detail that sets the reader in the middle of China".
# Chanda Rigby

Chanda Rigby (born April 16, 1968) is an American basketball coach. Since 2012, she has been the head coach of the Troy Trojans women's basketball team.

## Head coaching record
### NJCAA

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| Tabor College Bluejays (Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference) (2000–2001) ||||||
| 2000–01 | Tabor College | | | | |
| Holmes Community College Bulldogs (MACJC) (2001–2005) ||||||
| 2001–02 | Holmes CC | 10–11–2 | 0–0 | | |
| 2002–03 | Holmes CC | 13–13 | 7–5 | | |
| 2003–04 | Holmes CC | 14–11 | 6–6 | 2nd | |
| 2004–05 | Holmes CC | 19–7 | 9–3 | 2nd | NJCAA First Round |
| Holmes: | Holmes: | 56–42 (.571) | 0–0 (–) | | |
| Pensacola State Pirates (Panhandle Conference) (2005–2012) ||||||
| 2005–06 | Pensacola State | 9–13 | 1–11 | 6th | |
| 2006–07 | Pensacola State | 15–16 | 4–11 | 6th | |
| 2007–08 | Pensacola State | 16–14 | 3–12 | 5th | |
| 2008–09 | Pensacola State | 22–8 | 15–7 | 3rd | |
| 2009–10 | Pensacola State | 24–6 | 8–4 | 3rd | |
| 2010–11 | Pensacola State | 35–1 | 12–0 | 1st | NJCAA Final Four |
| 2011–12 | Pensacola State | 32–6 | 12–0 | 1st | NJCAA Final Four |
| Pensacola State: | Pensacola State: | 153–64 (.705) | 55–45 (.550) | | |
| Total: | Total: | 0–0 (–) | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||

### NCAA

Source:
* Troy
* Sun Belt
Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| Troy Trojans (Sun Belt Conference) (2012–Present) ||||||
| 2012–13 | Troy | 7–24 | 3–17 | 6th (East) | |
| 2013–14 | Troy | 12–18 | 8–10 | T–5th | |
| 2014–15 | Troy | 20–11 | 15–5 | 3rd | WBI First Round |
| 2015–16 | Troy | 20–13 | 12–8 | 4th | NCAA First Round |
| 2016–17 | Troy | 22–11 | 12–6 | 3rd | NCAA First Round |
| 2017–18 | Troy | 18–13 | 12–6 | T-3rd | |
| 2018–19 | Troy | 22–9 | 13–5 | 3rd | WNIT First Round |
| 2019–20 | Troy | 25–4 | 16–2 | 1st | NCAA Cancelled |
| 2020–21 | Troy | 22–6 | 15–2 | 1st (East) | NCAA First Round |
| 2021–22 | Troy | 24–9 | 13–2 | 1st | WNIT First Round |
| 2022–23 | Troy | 17–13 | 12–6 | T–4th | |
| 2023–24 | Troy | 22–12 | 15–3 | 2nd | WNIT Fab 4 |
| 2024–25 | Troy | 12–7 | 6–1 | 2nd | |
| Troy: | Troy: | 243–150 (.618) | 152–73 (.676) | | |
| Total: | Total: | 243–150 (.618) | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Nikolay Zhukovsky (revolutionary)

Nikolay Ivanovich Zhukovsky (Russian: Николай Иванович Жуковский; (November 2 [O.S. October 21] 1833 in Ufa – May 10 [O.S. April 28] 1895) was a Russian revolutionary and narodnik, a follower of Mikhail Bakunin; he was born in Ufa and died in Geneva.
# Tip of My Tongue (Diesel song)

"Tip of My Tongue" is a song by Australian rock musician Diesel. It was included on his debut album, Hepfidelity (1992). Released in 1992, the song peaked at number four in Australia and number three in New Zealand. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993, the song was nominated for Single of the Year, but it lost to "The Day You Went Away" by Wendy Matthews.

## Track listings

Australian CD single
* "Tip of My Tongue" – 4:12
* "Rear View Mirror" – 5:12
European maxi-CD single
* "Tip of My Tongue" – 4:12
* "Come to Me" – 4:22
* "One Thing After Another" – 5:03
Vinyl
* "Tip of My Tongue" – 4:12
* "Tell the Truth"

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Platinum | 30,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# List of airlines with more than 100 destinations

This list only contains airlines that fly passengers to over 100 destinations. (Excludes Defunct)
| # | Airline | Number of destinations | Remarks | Country of origin |
| 1 | United Airlines | 363 | | United States |
| 2 | American Airlines | 353 | | United States |
| 3 | Turkish Airlines | 352 | | Turkey |
| 4 | Lion Air | 312 | including Batik Air, Batik Air Malaysia, Super Air Jet, Thai Lion Air, Lion Air, Wings Air | Indonesia |
| 5 | Delta Air Lines | 311 | | United States |
| 6 | China Southern Airlines | 237 | | China |
| 7 | Ryanair | 235 | including Ryanair DAC, Malta Air, Buzz, Ryanair UK and Lauda | Ireland |
| 8 | China Eastern Airlines | 223 | | China |
| 9 | Lufthansa | 229 | Including Lufthansa Regional | Germany |
| 10 | British Airways | 206 | | United Kingdom |
| 11 | Air France | 201 | | France |
| 12 | Air China | 203 | | China |
| 13 | Qatar Airways | 198 | | Qatar |
| 14 | Wizz Air | 200 | including Wizz Air Hungary, Wizz Air Malta, Wizz Air UK and Wizz Air Abu Dhabi | Hungary |
| 15 | Air Canada | 192 | | Canada |
| 16 | KLM | 164 | | Netherlands |
| 17 | EasyJet | 183 | Including EasyJet Switzerland | United Kingdom |
| 18 | LATAM Airlines | 93 | | Brazil |
| 19 | Eurowings | 152 | | Germany |
| 20 | Ethiopian Airlines | 161 | | Ethiopia |
| 21 | Azul Brazilian Airlines | 163 | Including Azul Conecta | Brazil |
| 22 | Sichuan Airlines | 142 | | China |
| 23 | Emirates | 152 | | United Arab Emirates |
| 24 | Pegasus Airlines | 134 | | Turkey |
| 25 | Iberia | 130 | | Spain |
| 26 | Alaska Airlines | 128 | | United States |
| 27 | AirAsia | 166 | Total of AirAsia Group | Malaysia |
| 28 | Singapore Airlines | 144 | Includes Scoots | Singapore |
| 29 | Flydubai | 124 | | United Arab Emirates |
| 30 | Austrian Airlines | 121 | | Austria |
| 31 | Scandinavian Airlines | 125 | | Denmark, Norway, Sweden |
| 32 | Allegiant | 124 | | United States |
| 32 | Chengdu Airlines | 113 | | China |
| 33 | Hainan Airlines | 104 | | China |
| 34 | IndiGo | 126 | | India |
| 35 | Aegean Airlines | 118 | Including Subsidiary | Greece |
| 36 | Southwest Airlines | 117 | | United States |
| 37 | Swiss | 120 | | Switzerland |
| 38 | Norwegian Air Shuttle | 105 | Total of Norwegian Group | Norway |
| 39 | JetBlue | 114 | | United States |
| 40 | WestJet | 104 | | Canada |
| 41 | Aeroflot | 104 | | Russia |
| 42 | Volotea | 79 | | Spain |
| 43 | Finnair | 104 | | Finland |
| 44 | Spring Airlines | 103 | | China |
| 45 | Xiamen Airlines | 99 | | China |
| 46 | Vueling | 99 | | Spain |
| 47 | Qantas | 104 | | Australia |
| 48 | EgyptAir | 102 | | Egypt |
| 49 | SunExpress | 98 | | Germany, Turkey |
| 50 | Korean Air | 108 | | South Korea |
| 51 | Tianjin Airlines | 104 | | China |
# Starstruck (company)

Starstruck Inc. was a company cofounded by James Bennett and Phil Salin that attempted to perform low-cost orbital rocket launches using experimental, sea-launched hybrid rockets. While a commercial failure, it is an important part of hybrid rocket history, responsible for restarting commercial development of hybrid rockets. One of its core leadership was former first Apple CEO Michael Scott. It was based in Redwood City, California.
The company folded after three rockets were built and one was successfully launched to suborbital space. Several veterans of Starstruck founded the American Rocket Company (AMROC), which also eventually failed. AMROC's intellectual property was acquired by SpaceDev.

## Sources

* Jim Schefter. (May 1984) High-tech Rockets on the Cheap. Popular Science
# Parsimony

Parsimony may refer to:
* The law of parsimony, or Occam's razor, a problem-solving principle
** Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics), an optimality criterion in phylogenetics
* Parsimony Press, a fine press brand ran by typographer Robert Norton
* Parsimonious reduction, a type of reduction in complexity theory