# Billie Whitelaw

Billie Honor Whitelaw (6 June 1932 – 21 December 2014) was an English actress. She worked in close collaboration with Irish playwright Samuel Beckett for 25 years and was regarded as one of the foremost interpreters of his works. She was also known for her portrayal of Mrs. Baylock, the demonic nanny in the 1976 horror film The Omen.
Whitelaw was nominated for three Television BAFTAs, winning two in 1961 and 1973. She was also nominated for four Film BAFTAs, winning the Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for both Charlie Bubbles and Twisted Nerve in 1969.

## Early life

Whitelaw was born on 6 June 1932 in Coventry, Warwickshire, the daughter of Frances Mary (née Williams) and Gerry Whitelaw. She had one sister, Constance, who was 10 years older. Whitelaw grew up in a working class part of Bradford and later attended Grange Girls' Grammar School in Bradford.
At age 11, she began performing as a child actress on radio programmes, including the part of Bunkle, an extrovert prep-schoolboy on Children's Hour from Manchester, and later worked as an assistant stage manager and acted with the repertory company at the Prince's Theatre in Bradford during high school. Her father died of lung cancer when Billie was 9 years old. Money was tight and her mother struggled to support the family. "It's something I haven't come to terms with ... I'm rather ashamed of having the good life I have", she later recalled.
At the age of sixteen, Whitelaw met the director Joan Littlewood at the BBC in Manchester and was invited to join her Theatre Workshop troupe. She was encouraged by her mother to join Harry Hanson's Leeds company in 1948 and then went on to play in repertory theatres in Dewsbury, New Brighton in Liverpool and Oxford, eventually making her London debut in 1950.

## Film career

Whitelaw made her film debut in The Sleeping Tiger (1954), followed by roles in Carve Her Name with Pride (1958) and Hell Is a City (1960). Whitelaw soon became a regular in British films of the 1950s and early 1960s. In her early film work, she specialised in blousy blondes and secretaries, but her dramatic range began to emerge by the late 1960s. She starred with Albert Finney in Charlie Bubbles (1967), a performance which won her a BAFTA award as Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She would win her second BAFTA as the sensuous mother of college student Hayley Mills in the psychological study Twisted Nerve (1969). She continued in film roles including Leo the Last (1970), Start the Revolution Without Me (1970), Gumshoe (1971) and the Alfred Hitchcock thriller Frenzy (1972).
Whitelaw gained international acclaim for her chilling role as Mrs Baylock, the evil guardian of the demon child Damien in The Omen (1976). Her performance was considered one of the more memorable of the film, winning her the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress. Other films included performing the voice of Aughra in The Dark Crystal, as the hopelessly naive Mrs. Hall in Maurice (1987), one of two sisters, with Joan Plowright, struggling to survive in war-time Liverpool in The Dressmaker (1988), the fiercely domineering and protective mother of psychopathic twin murderers in The Krays (1990), a performance that earned her a BAFTA nomination, as the nurse Grace Poole in Jane Eyre (1996) and the blind laundress in Quills (2000). She returned to film, in a comedy turn, as Joyce Cooper in Hot Fuzz (2007).
In 1970, she was a member of the jury at the 20th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Theatre and Beckett

In 1963, Billie Whitelaw met Irish playwright Samuel Beckett. She and Beckett enjoyed an intense professional relationship until his death in 1989. He wrote many of his more experimental plays especially for her, referring to Whitelaw as "a perfect actress". Whitelaw became Beckett's muse, as he created, reworked and revised each play while she physically, at times to the point of total exhaustion, acted each movement.
Whitelaw remained the foremost interpreter of the man and his work. She gave lectures on the Beckettian technique and explained: "He used me as a piece of plaster he was moulding until he got just the right shape". They collaborated on Beckett plays such as Play, Eh Joe, Happy Days, Not I, Footfalls and Rockaby for both stage and screen. For her performance in Rockaby Whitelaw was nominated for a Drama Desk Award.
From 1964 to 1966, she was a member of Britain's National Theatre Company. In 1965, she took over the part of Desdemona opposite Laurence Olivier's Othello from Maggie Smith.

## Television career

Whitelaw also appeared frequently on television and won acclaim for her work. A very early TV appearance was in the first series of the long-running BBC1 police series Dixon of Dock Green (1955), as Mary Dixon, daughter of George (Jack Warner). She also appeared as a woman who tries to join Robin Hood's outlaw band in a 1957 episode of The Adventures of Robin Hood, "The Bride of Robin Hood" and won a BAFTA award as Best Actress for her performance in The Sextet (1972). She starred on the 1958–59 sitcom Time Out for Peggy. She also appeared in an episode of Wicked Women (1970), the BBC adaptation of Thomas Hardy's Wessex Tales (1973), A Tale of Two Cities (1980), Private Schulz (1982), A Murder of Quality (1991), Duel of Hearts (1991), Firm Friends (1992–1994) with Madhur Jaffrey, Jane Eyre (1996), Born to Run (1997), Merlin (1998) and A Dinner of Herbs (2000).

## Personal life and death

Whitelaw was married to the actor Peter Vaughan from 1952 to 1966. She later married the writer and drama critic Robert Muller. The couple had a son together. Muller died in 1998.
Having divided her time between a home in Hampstead, north London and a cottage near Glemsford in Suffolk, Whitelaw spent the last four years of her life as a resident of Denville Hall, the actors' retirement and nursing home in Northwood, Hillingdon. She died there aged 82, following a bout of pneumonia on 21 December 2014.
Billie Whitelaw...Who He? An Autobiography, was published by St Martin's Press in 1995.

## Honours

Whitelaw was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in the 1991 Birthday Honours.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Awards | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| 1961 | British Academy Film Awards | Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles | Hell Is a City | Nominated |
| 1961 | British Academy Television Awards | Best Actress | — | Won |
| 1969 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Charlie Bubbles / Twisted Nerve | Won |
| 1973 | British Academy Television Awards | Best Actress | The Sextet (8 Plays) | Won |
| 1974 | British Academy Television Awards | Best Actress | Wessex Tales: The Withered Arm | Nominated |
| 1977 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | The Omen | Nominated |
| 1977 | Evening Standard British Film Awards | Best Actress | The Omen | Won |
| 1979 | Laurence Olivier Awards | Actress of the Year in a Revival | Happy Days | Nominated |
| 1988 | Evening Standard British Film Awards | Best Actress | The Dressmaker | Won |
| 1991 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | The Krays | Nominated |

## Selected filmography

* The Fake (1953) as Waitress
* The Sleeping Tiger (1954) as Receptionist at Pearce & Mann
* Companions in Crime (1955)
* Room in the House (1955)
* Mr. Arkadin (1955) (voice)
* Miracle in Soho (1957) as Maggie
* Small Hotel (1957) as Caroline Mallet
* Carve Her Name with Pride (1958) as Winnie
* Gideon's Day (1958) as Christine (uncredited)
* Time Out for Peggy (1958–1959, TV Series) as Peggy Spencer
* Breakout (1959) as Rose Munro
* Bobbikins (1959) as Lydia Simmons
* The Flesh and the Fiends (1960) as Mary Patterson
* Hell Is a City (1960) as Chloe Hawkins
* Make Mine Mink (1960) as Lily
* Payroll (1961) as Jackie Parker
* No Love for Johnnie (1961) as Mary
* Mr. Topaze (1961) as Ernestine
* The Devil's Agent (1962) as Piroska Maslov
* The Comedy Man (1964) as Judy
* Charlie Bubbles (1967) as Lottie Bubbles
* The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1968, TV Movie) as Gwyn Thomas
* Twisted Nerve (1968) as Joan Harper
* The Adding Machine (1969) as Daisy Devore
* Start the Revolution Without Me (1970) as Queen Marie Antoinette
* Leo the Last (1970) as Margaret
* Gumshoe (1971) as Ellen
* Eagle in a Cage (1972) as Madame Bertrand
* Frenzy (1972) as Hetty Porter
* Follow the Yellow Brick Road (1972, TV Series) as Judy Black
* Night Watch (1973) as Sarah Cooke
* Napoleon and Love (1974, TV Mini-Series) as Josephine
* The Omen (1976) as Mrs. Baylock
* Space: 1999 (1976, TV Series ) as Zamara
* The Water Babies (1978) as Mrs. Doasyouwouldbedoneby / Old Crone / Mrs Tripp / Woman in Black / Water Babies 'Gate Keeper'
* Leopard in the Snow (1978) as Isabel James
* A Tale of Two Cities (1980) as Madame Therese Defarge
* Private Schulz (1980) as Bertha Freyer
* An Unsuitable Job for a Woman (1982) as Elizabeth Leaming
* The Dark Crystal (1982) as Aughra (voice)
* Jamaica Inn (1983, TV Series) as Aunt Patience
* Terror in the Aisles (1984) as Madge
* The Chain (1984) as Mrs. Andreos
* Camille (1984, TV Movie) as Prudence Duvorney
* Tangiers (1985) as Louise
* Shadey (1985) as Doctor Cloud
* Murder Elite (1985) as Margaret Baker
* Maurice (1987) as Mrs. Hall
* The Secret Garden (1987) as Mrs. Medlock
* Joyriders (1988) as Tammy O'Moore
* The Dressmaker (1988) as Margo
* The Krays (1990) as Violet Kray
* Freddie as F.R.O.7 (1992) as Messina (voice)
* Deadly Advice (1994) as Kate Webster
* Jane Eyre (1996) as Grace Poole
* Merlin (1998, TV Mini-Series) as Ambrosia
* The Lost Son (1999) as Mrs. Spitz
* The Last of the Blonde Bombshells (2000) as Evelyn
* Quills (2000) as Madame LeClerc
* Hot Fuzz (2007) as Joyce Cooper (final film role)