OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1979 Chicago blizzard

The Chicago blizzard of 1979 was a major blizzard that affected northern Illinois and northwest Indiana on January 13–14, 1979. It was one of the largest Chicago snowstorms in history at the time, with 21 inches (53 cm) of snowfall in the two-day period. Only 2 inches (5.1 cm) to 4 inches (10 cm) of snow was expected but by the end of Sunday, January 14, the depth of snow on the ground peaked at 29 inches (74 cm). The blizzard lasted for a total of 38 hours. At its peak, wind gusts reached speeds of 39 miles (63 km) per hour. Five people died during the blizzard, with approximately 15 others seriously injured due to conditions created by the storm. One of the five deaths came when a snowplow driver went berserk, hitting 34 cars and ramming a man.
O'Hare Airport was closed and all flights were grounded for 96 hours, from January 13 to 15. The cold weather and snowfall throughout the rest of January and February resulted in frozen tracks throughout the Chicago 'L' system. Consequently, commuters overwhelmed the capacity of CTA buses, causing bus commutes that normally would have taken 30 to 45 minutes to take up to several hours. To avoid huge snowdrifts in the streets, the overcrowded buses were obliged to take numerous detours, adding additional time to the commute.

## After the storm

Snow remained on the ground until March 6, a full fifty-one days. Deployment of plows was significantly delayed, and when they finally appeared they struggled to keep up with the snowfall. Much of the snow remained unmoved throughout the next two months, causing ongoing public transit delays and significant problems with trash collection. The city's inadequate response to the blizzard was blamed primarily on mayor Michael Bilandic, who had assumed the post after the 1976 death of Richard J. Daley. Newspaper articles at the time blasted Bilandic. Jane Byrne, Bilandic's main opposition in the Democratic primary, capitalized on this and defeated Bilandic in the February 27 primary, eventually becoming the first female mayor of Chicago.
# 1980 United States heat wave

The 1980 United States heat wave was a period of intense heat and drought that wreaked havoc on much of the Midwestern United States and Southern Plains throughout the summer of 1980. It was among the most destructive and deadliest natural disasters in U.S. history, claiming at least 1,700 lives. Because of the massive drought, agricultural damage reached US$20 billion (equivalent to $74 billion in 2023 dollars). It is among the billion-dollar weather disasters listed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

## Causes

The heat wave began in June when a strong high pressure ridge began to build in the central and southern United States allowing temperatures to soar to 90 °F (32 °C) almost every day from June to September. The high pressure system also acted as a cap on the atmosphere inhibiting the development of thunderstorm activity, leading to exceptionally severe drought conditions. The heat wave paused briefly when the decaying Hurricane Allen disrupted the prevailing weather pattern.

## Effects

The drought and heat wave conditions led many Midwestern cities to experience record heat. In Kansas City, Missouri, the high temperature was below 90 °F (32 °C) only twice and soared above the century mark (100 °F or 38 °C) for 17 days straight; in Memphis, Tennessee, the temperature reached an all-time high of 108 °F (42 °C) on July 13, 1980, part of a 15-day stretch of temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) that lasted from July 6 to 20. In Indianapolis, Indiana on July 15, the temperature reached 100 °F (38 °C) for the first time since 1954.
In Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas, high temperatures exceeded 100 °F (38 °C) a total of 69 times, including a record 42 consecutive days from June 23 to August 3, of which 28 days were above 105, and five days above 110. The area saw 29 days in which the previous record high temperature was either broken or tied, including its all-time high when the temperature hit 113 °F (45 °C) on three consecutive days (June 26 and 27 at DFW Airport and June 28 at Dallas Love Field).
Some 43% of American homes were without air conditioning in 1980.
Hurricane Allen briefly paused the heat wave in early August. The 2011 North American heat wave would ultimately surpass the 1980 heat wave in terms of number of days with highs exceeding 100 (with 71 days) and the highest-ever low temperature for a single day (86 degrees); however, that heat wave only had 40 consecutive days of temperatures exceeding 100 (two short of the record) and the 113 degrees of 1980 remains a DFW all-time high. The high temperatures of the 1980 heat wave were worse than 2011, as was its early start in June and its ultimate human toll.
On the northern rim of the high pressure ridge, several severe long-lived windstorms called derechos formed. The most notable was the "More Trees Down Derecho" that occurred on July 5. It raced from eastern Nebraska to Virginia in 15 hours, killing six and injuring about 70. The Western Wisconsin Derecho of July 15 killed three, and caused extensive property damage.
# Orlando High School

Orlando High School was a high school located in Orlando, Florida, United States. The first high school class, which was composed of 11 students, met in the second story of a frame schoolhouse graduated in 1892. In 1921 the school was relocated to a red brick building designed by Frederick H. Trimble on North Parramore Avenue. In 1952, Orlando High School closed, with students being split to two new schools, which were to be named North and South. On the final day of classes at OHS the principal died of a heart attack at his desk, after serving 31 years as the school's only principal at that location. South Orlando chose the name of William R. Boone High School in his honor. In 1987 the building was repurposed as Howard Middle School.

## Notable people

* Buddy Ebsen, actor
* Mary Evelyn Fredenburg, nurse missionary in Nigeria
* Pete Pihos, football player and coach
* John Young, astronaut, during Apollo 16 became the ninth person to walk on the Moon
# Oskaloosa Community School District

41°18′34″N 92°38′28″W﻿ / ﻿41.309327°N 92.640988°W﻿ / 41.309327; -92.640988
Oskaloosa Community School District is a public school district headquartered in Oskaloosa, Iowa. The district is completely within Mahasaka County, and serves the city of Oskaloosa and surrounding areas including the towns of Beacon, Keomah Village, and University Park.
Paula Wright was hired as district superintendent in 2018.

## Schools

The district operate three schools, and an administration building, all in Oskaloosa:
* Oskaloosa Elementary School
* Oskaloosa Middle School
* Oskaloosa High School
# Richard Proehl

Richard Proehl (born November 6, 1944) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 7th district (Parsons in Labette County) until January 9th, 2023. He was elected to his first term on December 21, 2005. He did not seek re-election in 2022.
Proehl received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Kansas State University and had worked in the banking industry for 35 years.
He has been active with a number of community organizations, including the Parsons Chamber of Commerce, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Lions Club, Red Cross, and the American Legion.

## Committee membership

* Financial Institutions (Vice-Chair)
* Energy and Utilities
* Insurance
* Transportation

## Major donors

The top 5 donors to Proehl's 2008 campaign were mostly professional associations:
* 1. Kansas Contractors Assoc $1,000
* 2. AT&T $750
* 3. Kansans for Lifesaving Cures $750
* 4. Kansas Bankers Assoc $600
* 5. Kansas Assoc of Realtors $500
# 1996 Yosemite Valley landslide

The 1996 Yosemite Valley landslide occurred on July 10, 1996, near the Happy Isles trailhead in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, Mariposa County, California. 162,000 tons of rocks and other debris fell to the ground at over 160 miles per hour. Of the 12 campers/hikers involved in the incident, one was killed. The landslide competes with the 1997 Merced River flood and the 2013 Rim wildfire for the designation of the worst natural disaster in Yosemite to date. The earthquake caused by the rock slide was followed almost immediately by a sonic boom. Soon afterward a granite dust mushroom cloud formed over Happy Isles. The immense pressure created at the base of the rock slide blew down giant pine trees. Afterwards the nearby campground tables and trees were covered with a thick coat of granite dust.

## Impacts

   At 6:52 pm PDT Wednesday, July 10, 1996, a large block of granite, with an estimated volume of 78,000 cubic yards, detached from the cliff between Washburn Point and Glacier Point, in Yosemite Valley.
The first impact occurred at 18:52:28.0 Pacific Daylight Time (02:52:28 UTC), and the second at 18:52:41.6 PDT (02:52:41 UTC).
   After detaching from the cliff, the rock mass slide [sic] down a rock shelf for 600 feet at an angle of 50 degrees from vertical and acquired sufficient speed to free-fall ballistically an estimated 1800 feet (550 m) prior to impacting about 200 feet (60 m) from the base of the cliff in the Happy Isles area of the valley floor in Yosemite National Park (field investigation with Gerald Wieczorak and Richard Waitt).

### Effects

One of the impacts killed a hiker near the cliffs.
The force of the impacts was comparable to a 2.15-magnitude earthquake. The impacts also triggered the formation of a massive dust cloud. One witness "noted that the sky went black for six minutes as the dust raised by the cloud blocked out the late afternoon light." The rock fall also caused the uprooting or damage of about 1,000 trees in the immediate blast zone. Structures damaged by the snapping of these trees included the Happy Isles Nature Center, a snack bar, and a bridge. On the day of the incident, the park was hosting as many as 20,000 visitors.
# DR HD

DR HD was a Danish high-definition television channel and DR's sixth licence-funded channel. The channel launched on 1 November 2009. All content on DR HD were in HD quality; no upscaled standard definition programmes were broadcast. The channel acts as a testing ground for the then-new HD technology, as DR and other broadcasters are increasingly moving to HD broadcasting.
The channel was shut down on 28 January 2013 and replaced by DR3.
# 2002 Central Plains ice storm

The 2002 Central Plains ice storm was a major winter storm that affected the Midwestern United States, causing significant damage across the region, especially in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.

## Meteorological history

An Arctic front moved slowly southward into the Central Plains from January 29 to January 30, resulting in a shallow layer of cold air near the surface. Meanwhile, a strong southwesterly jet stream began transporting a large surge of moist air with connections to the tropical Pacific. A strong temperature boundary developed, separating the warm, moist airmass across the southern U.S. from the colder, drier airmass to the north. As surface impulses moved along the frontal boundary, the stage was set for a widespread variety of winter weather. An upper level low progressing eastward across the central Pacific provided the added ingredients for a prolonged precipitation event.

## Aftermath

The storm left up to 2 inches of ice over the affected regions on the evening of January 30. Affected infrastructure initially held, but began to crumble as the night wore on. Electric transformers were prone to explosion and in some cases created small fires, and trees shattered under the weight of hundreds of pounds of ice. Larger trees were actually more susceptible to cracking and falling than smaller trees, with mature pin oak trees falling, while saplings remained undamaged. After the 31st, more than 650,000 residents were without power, including 350,000 in the Kansas City metropolitan area alone and 250,000 in Oklahoma. In some cases, power didn't return to residents for nearly 14 days. Approximately 500,000 trees were affected in Kansas City alone, including two "Bicentennial Trees" which were estimated at being over 200 years old. States of emergency were announced by the governors of all three states. Then on the tail end of the storm, some places got snow on top of the ice that had fallen, only worsening the problem.
# 2002 North American drought

The 2002 North American Drought was an exceptional and damaging drought which impacted the Western United States, Midwestern United States and the Mountain States, as well as the Eastern Seaboard.

## Overview

The drought of 2002 began around spring and spread over numerous states, including Nebraska, Iowa, Colorado, Wyoming and Utah. Denver was forced to impose water restrictions for the first time in over 20 years. The drought of 2002 had a negative impact in many states.
As usually happens during dry spells in the eastern United States, the 2002 drought was caused by a westward extension of the semi-permanent Bermuda High, which resulted in a continuous flow of hot south-southwesterly air north and caused the storm track to be pushed well off to the west. The density of the Bermuda High also kept hot air at ground level and prevented the formation of convective clouds. The Midwestern states and Mississippi Valley for contrast had a quite wet summer as most rainfall from frontal systems fell in that region. This was much the same weather pattern as the earlier 1999 North American drought, but in 2002 a secondary and unusual event happened when a high pressure system formed over the Gulf of Mexico, a rare occurrence during the summer months. This further blocked the flow of Gulf moisture northward. Precipitation deficits were greatest from New Jersey southward to Georgia and less so in New York and New England with the Great Lakes states and the Mississippi watershed being unusually wet. A shift to an El Nino pattern in fall 2002 brought about wetter, cooler conditions for much of 2003-04 which erased the precipitation deficits from the 1998-02 drought events.

## Canada

The drought of 2002 also ravaged certain parts of Canada, particularly Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
# 2010 Aguas Buenas earthquake

The 2010 Aguas Buenas earthquake, also referred to as the 2010 Christmas Eve earthquake (Spanish: Temblor de Nochebuena de 2010), occurred on December 24 at 7:43 p.m. local time in Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico. It measured 5.1 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). The event was the largest in Puerto Rico since May 16th of the same year, and the largest to impact the San Juan metropolitan area since 1975. The earthquake was felt throughout the island of Puerto Rico, the island municipalities of Vieques and Culebra, the American and British Virgin Islands, and even in the Dominican Republic across the Mona Passage.

## Earthquake

The shock originated in the Great Northern Puerto Rico fault zone (GNPRfz) in the central eastern mountainous region of the island between the Juan Asencio and Sonadora barrios of Aguas Buenas, about 7 miles (11 km) from Caguas and 14 miles (23 km) from San Juan. This fault zone is located in the boundary between the North American and Caribbean plate tectonics, on a complex geologic zone with both subduction and strike faults. It was initially reported as measuring 5.4 on the Richter magnitude scale. The main shock was followed by two aftershocks (4.8 and 4.7) about 30 minutes after. Given its moderate size and its epicenter being located on land, the earthquake did not cause any tsunami. The strongest shaking was felt in the municipalities of Aguas Buenas, Bayamón, San Lorenzo and Caguas, and moderate to strong shaking was felt throughout the San Juan metropolitan area. There were more than 4,000 initial entries on the USGS and the Puerto Rico Seismic Network "Did you feel it? reports".
The earthquake was felt by most due to its epicenter on land close to some of the major urban areas of Puerto Rico and the fact that it hit during Christmas Eve celebrations when people are usually gathered in large family groups, often indoors or attending church services. There were more than 50 emergency calls in Bayamón and Guaynabo.

### Damage

The earthquake was widely felt throughout Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands. There were initial reports of limited localized damages throughout the island, particularly in the municipalities of Adjuntas, Aguas Buenas, Arecibo, Arroyo, Ceiba, Coamo, Fajardo, Humacao, Juncos, Las Marías, Las Piedras, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Patillas, Salinas and San Lorenzo. There were reports of power outages in Aguas Buenas and Caguas. There were no deaths or major damages and there were no reports of life-threatening injuries.
# Chatra (umbrella)

The chatra or chhatra, also known under various translations including the ceremonial, state, royal, or holy umbrella or parasol, is a symbol of royal and imperial power and sanctity in Indian art and a symbol of holiness in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. There are also various specific forms, including 3-, 7-, 8-, and 9-tiered chatra and the bejewelled chatraratna.

## India and Tibet

In India, the chatra was an ancient symbol of kingship and emperorship, representing both kingly power and righteousness. In particular, it is employed in depictions of chakravartis, the supposed holy emperors over the entire earth. It is also reckoned one of the ashtamangala, the eight holy symbols of enlightened sages and buddhas, in Digambar Jainism, Vajrayana Buddhism, and other Dharmic faiths.
In Hindu mythology, Chatra can itself be recognized as a deity, yidam, and ishta-devata. More often, it is an emblem of various gods including Varuna, Ganesha (particularly during Ganesh Chaturthi), Revanta, Surya, Vishnu in his Vamana avatar, and Vishvakarman.
In the chakra systems of Dharmic faiths and traditional Indian and Tibetan medicine, the chatra is used as a symbol of the sahasrara, the crown chakra.
* A chatra crowning Vāsudeva-Krishna on a coin of Agathocles of Bactria, c. 180 BCE
* Mathura statue of a bodhisattva crowned by a chatra
* Mathura chatra, c. 1st or 2nd century CE
* Vishvakarman with chatra
* Chandragupta Maurya with chatra
* The chatra of the Tijara Jain temple in Rajasthan
* A chatra diagram

## Myanmar

In Burmese culture, the chatra is known as the hti. It is used as regalia and employed at the crowns of Burmese pagodas.
* Htis flanking the throne in Saya Chone's 1907 "Royal Audience"
* Shwedagon Pagoda's hti
* Kuthodaw Pagoda's hti

## Thailand

In Thai culture, the chatra developed into the white Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella, part of the country's regalia. Properly, only a crowned king may use the 9-tiered umbrella, uncrowned kings and other members of the royal family being restricted to a 7-tier form. The 9-tiered chatra is used as the logo of Royal Umbrella rice.
* Thailand's Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella attached to a throne inside a hall in the Grand Palace, Bangkok
* A 9-tiered umbrella beside the throne as King Prajadhipok signs a constitution in Ananta Samakhom Hall
* A 7-tiered umbrella over the urn of Princess Bejaratana Rajasuda as it is moved to the Great Chariot of Victory
* A 9-tiered umbrella over the funeral pyre of King Bhumibol Adulyadej
# Omar Jumaa

Omar Jumaa (Arabic:عمر جمعه) (born 2 August 1995) is an Emirati footballer who plays as a winger.
# Felicitas Abt

Felicitas Katharina Abt (December 18, 1741 – September 16, 1783) was a German actress.

## Life

Felicitas Abt was born in Biberach an der Riß to the Surgeon Johann Adam Knecht (1710–1775) and his wife Benigna Friederike (née Dinglinger); she had two brothers and a sister. Her uncles were the composer Justin Heinrich Knecht and the poet Christoph Martin Wieland.
Together with her siblings she performed at the theater in Biberach and there met the actor Karl Friedrich Abt, who had been performing in the comedians' company at the Comedy House since 1762 under the direction of her uncle Christoph Martin Wieland.
# Chinese ship Zhanjiang

A number of vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy have borne the name Zhanjiang, named after the city of Zhanjiang
* Chinese destroyer Zhanjiang (1988), a Type 051G destroyer commissioned in 1988 and decommissioned in 2020 with the pennant number 165
* Chinese destroyer Zhanjiang (2021) [zh], a Type 052D destroyer commissioned in 2021 also with the pennant number 165
# Chiesa della Madonnalta, Acqui Terme

44°40′31.901″N 8°26′34.073″E﻿ / ﻿44.67552806°N 8.44279806°E﻿ / 44.67552806; 8.44279806The Chiesa della Madonnalta is a Renaissance-style, Roman Catholic church located on Viale Savona (an old Roman road) about three miles from the center of Acqui Terme, Province of Alessandria, region of Piedmont, Italy.

## History

The church was first documented from a reconstruction in the 17th century. The church is notable for a portico of tuscan columns. In the lateral altars are a Virgin and Child with Saints Guido and Antony of Padua and a Madonna and Child with young St John the Baptist and St Joseph, from the 17th century. To the left of the entrance is a 16th-century relief of Madonna and child.
# Farmington Public Schools (Connecticut)

Farmington Public Schools is a school district headquartered in Farmington, Connecticut, United States.

## Schools

* Farmington High School (9-12)

### Middle schools

* Irving A. Robbins Middle School (7-8)

### Elementary schools

* East Farms Elementary School (K-4)
* Noah Wallace Elementary School (K-4)
* Union Elementary School (K-4)
* West District Elementary School (K-4)
* West Woods Upper Elementary School (5-6)

## Administrators

* Eric Martin (Director of Curriculum and Instruction)