OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Rhodes (cricketer)

James Rhodes (27 July 1866 – 26 August 1939) was an English cricketer active in 1890s. Born at Aston, Warwickshire, Rhodes was a right-handed batsman.
Rhodes made his debut in first-class cricket for Warwickshire against Derbyshire at Edgbaston in the 1895 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in what was his only season of first-class cricket. He scored 89 runs in his three first-class matches, top-scoring with 64, made on debut.
He died at Solihull, Warwickshire on 26 August 1939.
# Associated Air Transport Trip 1-6-6A

On January 7, 1953, a Curtiss C-46F Commando operating as Associated Air Transport Trip 1-6-6A crashed into terrain approximately 8 miles west of Fish Haven, Idaho, killing all on board. The plane had descended into an area of severe icing, causing ice to form on the wing, eventually crashing into the bottom of a ravine.

## Accident

The flight departed Boeing Field at 12:50 AM MST, and proceeded en route to Cheyenne Airport. At 3:58 AM, the aircraft reported passing over Malad City, and estimated that it would reach Rock Springs at 4:45 AM. However, no further communications were received from the accident aircraft.
The aircraft was later found to have impacted several pine trees, slid down a ravine, and collided with the base of a hill on the other side of the ravine.

## Aircraft

The Curtiss C-46F Commando was registered as N1648M (MSN 22395). It had first flown in 1945, and at the time of the accident, the aircraft had 1941 airframe hours.

## Investigation

The investigation determined that, while flying near the mountains in between Malad City and Bear Lake, the aircraft involuntarily descended into an area of ice and turbulence, to avoid storm clouds. Ice began to form on the wings of the aircraft, which led to a decrease in aircraft performance and, eventually, the aircraft impacting a hill at the bottom of a ravine.

## Causes

The investigators determined that the aircraft experienced severe turbulence and wing icing, which led to the aircraft's crash. However, the investigators were unable to determine the reason for the aircraft's descent into severe turbulence and icing conditions.
# Cawdor (Roman fort)

Cawdor (Roman Fort), located near the small village of Easter Galcantray (15 miles or 24 kilometres east of Inverness), was suspected of being one of the northernmost Roman forts in Great Britain, although no evidence of Roman occupation has been found to date.

## Discovery

In 1984 cropmarks were identified at Easter Galcantray, south west of Cawdor, by aerial photography. The site was described as being on the "south bank of river Nairn, straight cropmark with gap in middle and suggestion of two more sides, truncated by river, at right angles to main mark.".
Excavations between 1985 and 1990 uncovered a ditch, post holes, a corner tower and a few pottery fragments. Studies of the pottery identified it as medieval.
The posisbility that the site may have been a Roman fort in Caledonia (as Scotland was called by Romans) was raised. Although no Roman pottery or artefacts were found, several features were identified that seemed supportive of this classification:
   Jones (1986a) interpreted the main structural phase within the (Cawdor) site’s history as potential evidence for the presence of a Roman military work. This assumption was based on a number of salient factors. These include: the rectilinear form of the enclosure ditch, with its V-shaped profile; the associated timber gate and corner tower; the presence of possible contemporary rectilinear timber buildings, which appear reminiscent in both size and form to barrack blocks; and finally, the dating evidence. This, based on the one sigma calibrated range, suggests the slighting of the site during the late first century AD, which would correspond to the governorship of Agricola, or possibly his unknown successor.
In mid-83 AD Agricola defeated the armies of the Caledonians, led by Calgacus, at the Battle of Mons Graupius. With this big victory, Agricola extracted hostages from the Caledonian tribes and instructed his fleet to sail around the north coast confirming to the Romans the province of Britannia was an island.
Agricola then may have marched his army to the northern coast of Scotland.
However, Romano-British scholars have been reticent in confirming Jones' interpretation. Maxwell and Wilson wrote: "For the present, it may be noted that, viewed as crop-mark sites, neither [Cawdor nor Thomshill] sits happily in the established morphological categories of standard Roman military installations in North Britain". David Breeze added that "the suggested Roman context for the sites at Easter Galcantray [Cawdor] and Thoms Hill - Daniels 1986 and Jones 1986 - fails to convince; most of the evidence from the former site would better sit within a medieval context". William Hanson concluded that "none of the postulated sites discovered by aerial survey in Moray and Nairn over recent years has the distinctive morphological characteristics of a Roman fort".
Radiocarbon tests of material recovered from the site gave possible dates of construction during Agricola's first century campaign, but its interpretation remains problematic because the site was occupied and abandoned quite quickly leaving no other evidence.
# Susanna Louise Patteson

Susanna Louise Patteson (1853-1922) was an American stenographer, librarian, educator, and author who wrote "Pussy Meow: the autobiography of a cat". She also wrote the children's book Letters from Pussycatville. She also wrote How to Have Bird Neighbors and When I was a Girl in Switzerland. Her photographs were used to illustrate her books on cats. She helped organize a group to aid vagrant cats.
She worked as a stenographer and librarian in Cleveland, Ohio. She wrote a book on stenography, Patteson's Pitmanic Phonography, and advocated for higher status and educational opportunities for women's professions of the time such as nursemaids. She was a local council candidate for the prohibition ticket. She was Swiss. The Cleveland Plain Dealer profiled her and included a sketch of her January 19, 1896.
She was a local superintendent.
In 1973, Cleveland sculptor Frank L. Jirouch was working on a sculpture honoring her.

## Books

* Letters from Pussycatville (1903)
* Patteson's Pianic Phonography
* How to Have Bird Neighbors George W. Jacobs & Co. Philadelphia (1918)
* How to Attract Birds
* Pussy Meow; The autobiography of a cat
* My Name is Meow
* Kitty-Kat Kimmie, A cat's tale
* Complete Manual of Pitmanic Photography, self published (1895)
* When I Was a Girl in Switzerland, her memoir

### Articles

* "Bird Architecture"
# Drew Skundrich

Drew Skundrich (born September 17, 1995) is an American professional soccer player who currently plays for Loudoun United FC in the USL Championship.

## Career
### Youth and college

Skundrich grew up in Pennsylvania, where he attended Hempfield High School. He played four years of college soccer at Stanford University between 2014 and 2017, where he made 82 appearances, scoring 9 goals and tallying 13 assists. He was captain his junior and senior year. During his senior season, Skundrich earned First Team All-Pac-12 honors as the team won its third-straight Pac-12 Championship. He was also a member of the league's second-team honors in 2016, while collecting conference All-Academic second team honors in 2015.
Skundrich also played with Premier Development League side Burlingame Dragons in 2016.

### Professional

On January 17, 2018, Skundrich was selected 40th overall in the 2018 MLS SuperDraft by LA Galaxy. However, he wasn't signed by the club.
On March 14, 2018, Skundrich signed with United Soccer League side Bethlehem Steel. On December 10, 2018, Skundrich signed with United Soccer League side Sacramento Republic.
On February 8, 2021, Skundrich moved to Loudoun United for the 2021 season. On May 12, 2021, Skundrich moved to Loudoun's MLS parent club D.C. United. The next day he made his MLS debut in a 1–0 win against the Chicago Fire. Following the 2022 season, his contract option was declined by D.C. United.
On December 5, 2022, it was announced Skundrich would join USL Championship side Colorado Springs Switchbacks for their 2023 season.

## Career statistics

| Clubs | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Clubs | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Burlingame Dragons | 2016 | USL League Two | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Bethlehem Steel | 2018 | USL Championship | 26 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 28 | 2 |
| Sacramento Republic | 2019 | USL Championship | 32 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 38 | 2 |
| Sacramento Republic | 2020 | USL Championship | 14 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 15 | 2 |
| Sacramento Republic | Totals | Totals | 46 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 53 | 4 |
| Loudoun United | 2021 | USL Championship | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| D.C. United | 2021 | MLS | 20 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| D.C. United | 2022 | MLS | 19 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 0 |
| D.C. United | Totals | Totals | 39 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| Colorado Springs Switchbacks | 2023 | USL Championship | 23 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 24 | 3 |
| Career totals | Career totals | Career totals | 142 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 156 | 9 |

## Personal life

In December 2019, Skundrich married Andi Sullivan. On Feb. 14, 2025, they announced that they were expecting a baby girl.
# Berchem, Luxembourg

Berchem (Luxembourgish: Bierchem) is a small town in the commune of Roeser, in southern Luxembourg. As of 2024, the town has a population of 1,309.
It is notable for being the nearest settlement to one of the world's largest retail petrol stations.
# Dehran Asanov

Dehran Asanov, also known as Abdelhamid, is a Romani German Muslim preacher from Düsseldorf, Germany.

## Early life

Not much is known about Asanovs early life. He was born in 1991 in North Rhine-Westphalia into a Muslim family. According to Welt, he visited and preached in majority-Romani mosques and was a part of Ansaar International, a German Muslim organisation that supported people in Syria and Palestine through charity, but was accused of "supporting terrorist organisations with donations".

## Religious life

Dehran Asanov used to preach in various mosques up until his arrest in 2024, such as the mosque in Herford or the Masjid as-Salam in Düsseldorf, mainly in German but earlier also Romani. He is especially known for his activities on social media, with 200,000 followers on Instagram and almost 600,000 on TikTok. With his insane amount of views and attention, he used it to collect donations for "charitable purposes" 19 times. On 19 January 2024, he was supposed to be the moderator of a Europe-wide Islamic tour by Mohamed Hoblos, another Islamic preacher, in Berlin. However, Hoblos' entry into Germany was denied. Additionally, Asanov has been described as a "Salafist extremist" and "hate preacher".

## Arrest

Asanov was arrested by German authorities in 2024 on allegations of "misusing donations". With his big reach, he had been advocating for charity donations since 2021, however, in late 2024, his house was stormed, he arrested, after which the police found multiple "sacks of money and expensive luxury cars" in and around his property. The authorities accuse him of having used the donations for his personal life instead of giving it away like promised. Asanov hasn't responded to the allegations yet and there are no reports of him being free from arrest.
# Banner Mine disaster

The Banner mine disaster of April 8, 1911 near Littleton, Alabama was a coal mine explosion that killed 128 people. The event ranks among the 15 deadliest coal mine disasters in U.S. history.
The exact cause of the early-morning blast is unknown. It is likely that an accidental spark ignited gas in the air, which directly killed seven men and knocked out a ventilation fan. Without the fan, levels of blackdamp rose in the mine. Another 121 miners suffocated. About 40 other workers were able to dig their way through rubble and escape.
The Banner Mine was run by Pratt Consolidated Coal Company, then owned by Tennessee Coal & Iron. Seventy-two of the casualties were black convicts leased from the state and from Jefferson County. The explosion brought enough attention to horrific mine conditions for new governor Emmet O'Neal to push a mine safety bill through the legislature.
# Lake Kanariku

Kanariku is a lake of Estonia.
# James Smurthwaite

James Smurthwaite (17 October 1916 – 20 October 1989) was an English first-class cricketer, who played seven matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1938 and 1939.
Born in North Ormesby, Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, England, Smurthwaite was a fast-medium swing bowler, who could also bowl medium-pace off-breaks. He was a successful bowler for Guisborough in the North Yorkshire and South Durham Cricket League before appearing for Yorkshire. In his first first-class match, in 1938, Yorkshire declared and won by an innings, and Smurthwaite neither batted nor bowled; it was his only County Championship match of the season.
He is most noted for a spell against Derbyshire at Bramall Lane in June 1939, when he and Frank Smailes routed Derbyshire for 20 on a rain-affected pitch. Smurthwaite took five wickets for seven runs, in only four eight-ball overs. This was not the start of a famous career, however, and he was omitted from the team for the next match to make way for Yorkshire's returning Test players. He went back to the Yorkshire Second XI in the Minor Counties Cricket Championship, for whom he took 36 wickets at 12.94 that year.
His hopes of further first-class cricket were dashed by the onset of World War II and the loss of the tip of a finger on his bowling hand. He played as a professional in the North Yorkshire and South Durham League for many years after the war.
In all first-class games, Smurthwaite scored 29 runs, with a best of 20 not out against Worcestershire, and took 12 wickets at 19.75.
He worked as an engineer with ICI, and lived with his wife Lynn in their home in Hutton Lane, Guisborough. He died in October 1989 in North Ormesby.
# Barataria Bay

Barataria Bay (French: Baie de Barataria), also Barrataria Bay, is a bay of the Gulf of Mexico, about 15 miles (24 km) long and 12 miles (19 km) wide, in southeastern Louisiana, in Jefferson Parish and Plaquemines Parish, United States. It is separated from the gulf by two barrier islands, Grand Isle and Grand Terre.
The bay takes its name from the Spanish novel Don Quixote, in which the insula Barataria, or Barataria island, appears as a fictional territory governed by Sancho Panza.

## Geography

The bay is indented and marshy, with many islands. The surrounding low-lying Barataria country, south of New Orleans and west of the Mississippi River Delta, is noted for its shrimp industry (based at villages built on pilings above the coastal marshes), muskrat trapping, natural gas wells, oil wells, and sulfur production. Its inlet is connected to the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway system.

## History and economy

Barataria Bay was used in the early 19th century as the base of pirates, privateers, and smugglers led by the pirate Jean Lafitte. They were referred to as the Baratarians.
Today the bay is a notable source of shrimp and sulfur, as well as of muskrat fur, natural gas, and petroleum.
Until Hurricane Betsy made landfall in 1965, Barataria Bay was home to Manila Village.
Barataria Bay along with Biloxi Marsh, Pointe-au-Chien and Adam’s Bay since 2014 have been part of an oyster shell recycling program to build reefs and protect against erosion and create marine habitats.

## 2010 oil spill

On 27 July 2010, the tugboat Pere Ana C. struck an abandoned wellhead owned by Houston-based Cedyco Corp, while pulling a barge near Bayou St. Denis in Barataria Bay, causing a 20-to-100-foot (6.1 to 30.5 m) oil and gas geyser.
The geyser was brought under control and the wellhead was repaired and capped on 1 August 2010, five days after the collision.
# Cefn Hirgoed

Cefn Hirgoed is a ridge in Bridgend county borough in South Wales. The ridge extends for about 5 km east from the village of Sarn just north of Bridgend to Pen-prysg north of Pencoed. At the point where it reaches its highest elevation of 142m, are a couple of covered reservoirs. Towards the west the M4 motorway runs along the hill’s southern edge.

## Geology

The hill is formed from relatively hard-wearing sandstones of the South Wales Lower Coal Measures with mudstone layers between the sandstones which here dip steeply northwards into the South Wales Coalfield syncline.

## Access

Almost the entire hill is mapped as open country under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 giving a general right of access on foot to the public. It and the adjacent Hirwaun Common are also crossed by several public footpaths. A couple of minor roads, Heol Spencer and Heol Llan/Heol-Las, run north-south across the ridge.

## Duel

Early records refer to Robert Thomas who is 1661 was charged at the Great Sessions of Glamorgan with the murder of Edmund Thomas in a duel fought on Cefn Hirgoed on the 4th February 1660.
He was outlawed and his lands and possessions taken from him. In 1669 he was pardoned with a restitution of lands and possessions, including Tregroes House in Pencoed.
# George Lichtheim

George Lichtheim (Berlin; 1912 – 1973; London) was a German-born intellectual whose works focused on the history and theory of socialism and Marxism.
George Lichtheim was the son of the scholar and Zionist activist Richard Lichtheim. He defined himself as a socialist and stated in a 1964 letter to The New York Review of Books that "I am not a liberal and never have been. I find liberalism almost as boring as communism and have no wish to be drawn into an argument over which of these two antiquated creeds is less likely to advance us any further."
His work appeared in the Palestine Post, Commentary, Partisan Review, Dissent, the New Leader, Encounter, the Times Literary Supplement and The New York Review of Books. He also translated Gershom Scholem's Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism.
Having moved to London after the Nazis came to power in 1933, he committed suicide in Hampstead in 1973.
His sister was the Egyptologist Miriam Lichtheim.

## Selected works

* The Pattern of World Conflict (1955)
* Marxism (1961)
* Marxism: An Historical and Critical Study (1964)
* Marxism in Modern France (1966)
* The Concept of Ideology, And Other Essays (1967)
* The Origins of Socialism (1969)
* A Short History of Socialism (1970) ISBN 978-0006540267
* Lukács (Fontana Modern Masters, 1970)
* Imperialism (1971) ISBN 978-0713901979
* From Marx to Hegel (1971)
* Europe in the Twentieth Century (1972)
* Thoughts Among the Ruins: Collected essays on Europe and beyond (1973)
# Custody (2019 film)

Custody is a 2019 short Indian film directed by Ambiecka Pandit and written by Pandit and Karan Pandit. The film received critical acclaim and won the Best Short Fiction Film award at the 67th National Film Awards.

## Synopsis

Set over a few hours during a New Year's Eve celebration, Custody revolves around a group of old friends whose lives take a nerve-wracking turn when the host's baby chokes in a fire. As they struggle to save the baby's life and maintain their bond of years, the film delves into questions of morality and the subjective nature of right and wrong.

## Production

Before entering the film industry, Ambiecka Pandit worked as a lawyer for several years. She eventually quit her legal career to pursue her passion in filmmaking, using her savings to make her debut film, Custody. The film was produced by Priyanka Bangia, Tariq Chauhan, Ambiecka Pandit, and Mitchell Speers. Satya Nagpaul served as the cinematographer, while Atanu Mukherjee handled the editing. Devika Dave was responsible for the production design, and Shivani Shivkumar designed the costumes. The film also had Aishwarya Chodankar and Leron D'Souza as assistant directors, Bulganin Baruah as the dialogue editor, Allwin Rego as the sound editor, Sasank Sekhar Sahoo as the assistant camera, and Xavier Joseph as the colorist.

## Reception

Custody garnered positive reviews from critics. Cinestan described it as "A clever film that is masterfully executed, Custody keeps you hooked till the end, making you wonder about the characters long after the film is over."

## Awards

The film received the Best Short Fiction Film award at the 67th National Film Awards.

## Screening

Custody was screened at the 19th Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles, which took place from 20 May – 27 May 2021.
# King Wei of Chu

King Wei of Chu, personal name Xiong Shang, was a monarch of the Chu state, reigning from 339 BC to 329 BC. During his reign, the Chu state reached its peak in territorial size, encompassing the middle to lower stretches of the Yangtze and the basin of the Huai River.

## Name

The precise nature of the Chu language is uncertain but it was probably non-Sinitic. This figure's personal name was calqued or translated into Old Chinese using the character now written 商, pronounced Shāng in Standard Mandarin and with the proposed ancient pronunciation of *S-taŋ. He belonged to the Chu royal house, the Xiong (熊, *Gʷəm, "Bear") branch of the Mi (羋) family, now conjectured to transcribe a Kam–Tai word for "bear".
He was known posthumously as the Awesome King of Chu (楚威王, Chǔ Wēiwáng or Chǔ Wēi Wáng, *S.r̥aʔ ʔujɢʷaŋ), often mistreated as a personal name in English.

## Life

Shang was the son of Xiong Liangfu, known posthumously as the Xuan King of Chu. Upon his father's death in 340 or 339 BC, Shang succeeded him as king of Chu.
During his reign, Chu and Qi defeated and partitioned the state of Yue to their southeast in 334 or 333 BC, giving Chu control over Suzhou, the Yangtze River Delta, and Wu's canal network.
Shang died in 329 BC and was succeeded by his son Huai, known posthumously as the Huai King.

## In fiction and popular culture

* Portrayed by Winston Chao in The Legend of Mi Yue (2015)