# Toby the Tram Engine

Toby the Tram Engine is a fictional anthropomorphic tram engine who debuted in The Railway Series by the Reverend Wilbert Awdry. Toby has cowcatchers and sideplates, and is the North Western Railway's number 7. He works on the Ffarquhar Branch Line alongside Thomas the Tank Engine.
Toby first appeared in the seventh and eponymous book in The Railway Series, Toby the Tram Engine, in 1952, and appeared in several subsequent books. The second book focused on Toby was the sixth of Christopher Awdry's books, Toby, Trucks and Trouble.

## Prototype and backstory

Toby is based on a J70 tram engine from the Great Eastern Railway (GER Class C53). His cowcatchers and sideplates allow him to run on roadside tramways, which other engines are not allowed to do for safety reasons. J70s were used for light duties, such as branch line work and dock shunting.
Several J70s worked on the Wisbech and Upwell Tramway in East Anglia only 28 miles (45 km) from Awdry's parish at Elsworth. Awdry published Toby the Tram Engine in 1952, shortly before he was transferred to Emneth. The Tramway ran through Emneth and it was well known to him. The inspiration for Toby came from the Awdrys watching J70 68221. Further inspiration was drawn soon after when Teddy Boston, then curate at Wisbech, arranged for Awdry to ride on the footplate of one of the last surviving steam tram engines on the Tramway. Fascinated by the unusual engines, Awdry sought a way to incorporate them in the stories. Research by Awdry's brother, George, revealed that tramway regulations required the fitting of cowcatchers and sideplates for railway locomotives running on tracks alongside roads, and the story "Thomas in Trouble" (published in 1952, the year steam trams were replaced) evolved to provide a reason for Toby being summoned to Sodor. The story includes a description of Toby's final journeys on the line:
   People come to see Toby, but they come by bus...The months passed. Toby had few trucks, and fewer passengers...That day [Toby's last] Henrietta had more passengers than she could manage. They rode in the trucks and crowded in the brake van.
This was a common occurrence during the closing of real railway lines; demand decreased to an unprofitable amount, but services were often full for the last workings of steam. Christopher Awdry has said that Toby is his favourite character, partly because he was there when his father received the inspiration to create him, but also because as a child he had travelled in the cab of two J70s.
Awdry served as parish priest in two parishes in Cambridgeshire, the county associated with Toby. First, he was Rector of Elsworth with Knapwell from 1946 to 1953, then he was Vicar of Emneth from 1953 until 1965 when he retired from full-time ministry and moved to Stroud, Gloucestershire.
On Awdry's model railway, Toby was represented by a Y6, an 0-4-0 locomotive similar to but smaller than the J70 and better suited to the 4-wheel motor bogie available to power the model. In 1961, Awdry wrote an article for Railway Modeller magazine on the construction of this locomotive.

## Biography
### The Railway Series

Toby is introduced in the seventh book in The Railway Series. The first story, Toby and the Stout Gentleman, describes the closure of his old tramway due to the lack of passengers and freight. Shortly before the line was going to close, a "stout gentleman" arrived on a holiday with his family; the children rode on Toby every day for a fortnight and the stout gentleman gave Toby's crew a present. The day after the Tramway closed, ironically after an overcrowded final journey by Toby and Henrietta, a letter arrived from the stout gentleman which was to give Toby a reprieve.
In Thomas in Trouble, Thomas encounters an officious policeman, who says that, when running from the quarry, along public roads, engines who have the right to go on public roads must be fitted with cowcatchers and sideplates for safety to prevent people and animals from getting killed if they should have the right to stray onto the line. The Fat Controller, urgently needing to rectify this, is discussing the fitting of these, when Thomas remarks that "everyone will laugh...they'll say I look like a tram". The Fat Controller (the "stout gentleman") remembers Toby immediately and arranges for him to come to Sodor. Toby arrives with his coach, Henrietta, and befriends Thomas after Toby rings his bell and frightens the policeman.
In Dirty Objects, James makes fun of Toby and Henrietta's "shabby" appearance. James later has an accident with tar wagons. Toby and Percy help to clear up the mess and Toby is rewarded with a new coat of paint. His chosen livery of chocolate brown with blue sideplates replicates that which he would have worn on the Great Eastern Railway.
Toby has small water tanks, meaning he is unsuitable for long-distance work. In Double Header (in The Eight Famous Engines), Toby uses the Main Line to travel to the Works for servicing. Stopping at a water tower to refill his tanks, he is urged on to the next station by a new signalman who did not know about Toby's small tanks. Toby tries to hurry to the next station but uses up the water and runs out of steam, leaving him marooned on the mainline, far away from the next station. Toby is pushed by James to the station, where some boys misunderstand the situation and suggest that James was unable to pull the Wild Nor' Wester, and Toby was needed to double-head the train.
In Tramway Engines, Toby tried to mentor a young diesel named Mavis to work at the quarry. However, Mavis was stubborn and after not listening to Toby, got stuck on a level crossing and halted traffic. This led her to get stuck in the yard shunting trucks. Mavis told the trucks to bump her at the level crossing so she could get out of the quarry without it seeming her fault. However, Toby was the next engine to take the trucks. The trucks carried out their plan regardless and Toby was left on a wrecked bridge dangling over a raging river. Mavis saved Toby and the trucks, and afterwards, they became friends. Toby arranged for Mavis to be allowed to take the trucks wherever she wanted.
In Thomas and Victoria, Toby is also associated with Furness Railway coach Victoria, who forms the "Vintage Train" with Henrietta that takes workers to and from the quarry.

### Thomas and the Magic Railroad

In the 2000 film Thomas and the Magic Railroad, Toby is first seen reminding the other engines that they must not let Diesel 10 push them around. Later, after Diesel 10 overhears Thomas and Percy's conversation about how Mr. Conductor travels to Sodor, Toby manages to stall Diesel 10 by ringing his bell. Diesel 10 tries to attack Toby with his claw, but instead fails and brings a shed down onto himself as well as his cronies.
Colm Feore provided the voice of Toby in the film, portraying the character with an old English dialect. While the movie itself has received polarising views from fans, Toby's scene and portrayal throughout has generally been seen as one of its highlights.

## Henrietta

Henrietta is Toby's faithful coach, based on the Wisbech and Upwell Tramway non-articulated GER four-wheeled coach. She worked with Toby on their old railway, and when that line closed Toby could not bear to leave her behind. The stationmaster had wanted to turn her into a henhouse, but The Fat Controller agreed that "that would never do." The two are inseparable, and whenever they are apart, they worry about each other:
   Toby had wanted to take Henrietta, but the Fat Controller had said, "No!"...He wondered if Henrietta was lonely. Percy had promised to look after her; but Toby couldn't help worrying. "Percy doesn't understand her like I do," he said.
Henrietta carries passengers and is used to bring quarry workers to and from work. In "The Fat Controller's Engines" (The Eight Famous Engines), she is used as the Fat Controller's private coach when the locomotives take a trip to The Other Railway.
Henrietta was the only named character not to be illustrated with a face in The Railway Series until book 41 of the series, Thomas and Victoria. In this book, Henrietta is depicted with a small rectangular face where a window on the end doors would be. It was the same colour as her cabin, like the other coaches. She would not be depicted with a visible face in the television series until the eighteenth series. Her face in this series is larger than in the Railway Series, and it completely replaces the door on one end, as well as the immediately adjoining window on both sides. The face is also whitish-grey, as are those of the engines and much of the rolling stock, as opposed to the same brown as her paintwork as she appears in the book.
Toby also has a baggage car named Elsie, mentioned in The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways and the 1979 Thomas the Tank Engine Annual. However, she did not appear in any stories in The Railway Series or Thomas & Friends. According to the Rev. W. Awdry, she is based upon a Wisbech and Upwell Tramway luggage van and shares a shed with Henrietta.

## Heritage railways

There are no surviving J70 trams; however, there is a replica based at the East Anglian Railway Museum, albeit it is a diesel-hydraulic 0-4-0 shunter with a metal casing over it. When this diesel was converted, a replica Henrietta was built from scratch. The underframe was taken from an old box van, but the body was a complete new build. Toby and Henrietta can be seen running on the museum's Day Out with Thomas events.
A project to build a steam-powered replica of a GER Class G15 Wisbech and Upwell tram based on a Belgian Cockerill 0-4-0 tram engine has been underway for some time at the Nene Valley Railway. Named "Toby", work on the project stalled following the deaths of the tram's owners, but the project was sold in January 2011 with a view to recommencing work on the replica.
A project to build a J70 replica to resemble a tram engine based on the Wisbech and Upwell Tram Railway's "Toby the Tram Engine" is under way at Mangapps Railway Museum near Burnham on Crouch in Essex. The engine is a Drewry – Vulcan industrial diesel locomotive '11104'.