# Assiniboine Park Zoo

Assiniboine Park Zoo is a Canadian zoo facility located in the west end of Assiniboine Park in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Established in 1904, Assiniboine Park Zoo is managed by the Assiniboine Park Conservancy. It holds accreditation from the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.
Covering 80 acres, there are currently over 160 species of animals living in the zoo.

## History
### Early years

In 1904, the City of Winnipeg Parks Board purchased native animals, including deer, bison, and elk to establish the zoo. A bear enclosure was built in 1908. In 1909, the zoo housed 116 animals, representing 19 different species. In 1935, it acquired its first lion; a lioness. Four years later, a wild orphaned polar bear cub named Carmichael was added to the zoo. In February 1940, Carmichael was joined by a female named Clementine.
The 1960s saw significant additions, including a gibbon and monkey house, a snow leopard, and another orphaned polar bear cub. The polar bear enclosure was renovated in 1967, adding an upper story and two more orphaned cubs. In 1968 and 1969, the Tropical House, Native Animal Exhibit, and a new south gate were added.
In the 1980s, the Zoological Society of Manitoba began to provide money for new signage, exhibits, and infrastructure. The Zoological Society reconstructed the main entrance to include a new gift store and renovated the Carousel Restaurant.

### 2000's

As late as the 2000's, the zoo was open from 9 AM to 9 PM. However, its hours have since been significantly reduced due to the behavioral changes in animals in evening. In July 2015, the zoo extended visiting hours every Wednesday until 8 PM due to visitor requests for later closing times to accommodate working schedules.
In 2000, the Zoological Society of Manitoba and the zoo started work on a new Master Plan Development Proposal for the zoo—the first since 1960. Initial proposals were for a redesign of the existing polar bear enclosure, but this eventually grew into a much larger Master Plan Development project. In 2008, the Assiniboine Park Conservancy was created to develop, govern, and manage Assiniboine Park, including the zoo. In June 2009, the Conservancy unveiled a comprehensive $200 million, 10-year redevelopment plan.
In 2004, thanks to collaboration with the University of Manitoba Architecture Department, substantial improvements were made to the Education Center.
In 2009, the Assiniboine Park Conservancy announced a redevelopment plan for both the Assiniboine Park and Zoo, to be completed in several phases. The revitalization of the zoo was involved in the plan's second phase, with its main attraction being the opening of the "Journey to Churchill" exhibit.
In September 2014, the Assiniboine Park Zoo became one of only five Canadian zoos to be accredited by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums.

### Incidents

* In July 2014, the wolves and polar bears were temporarily removed from their display areas after one or more wolves dug their way into the polar bear enclosure. No one was hurt in the incident.
* Concerns about safety protocols increased in September 2014 when one Amur tiger gained access to another enclosure and killed another tiger.
* In November 2014, a blind seal died after getting trapped in a drain.
* In January 2019, a five-year-old polar bear named Blizzard died due to fluid in its chest.

## Exhibits and facilities
### Animals of Asia

The Animals of Asia section of the zoo contains various rare and exotic animal species, including (as of December 2024):
* Domestic Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus domestic)
* Sichuan Takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana)
* Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
* Domestic Yak (Bos grunniens)
* Turkmenian Markhor (Capra falconeri heptameric)
* White-handed (Lar) Gibbon (Hylobates lar)
* Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica): two endangered Amur (Siberian) tigers, one female and one male
* Canadian Lynx (Lynx canadensis)
* Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens refulgens)
* Steller’s Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus)
In June 2010, the Pavilion of Lions exhibit was opened, introducing a pair of African lions as the exhibit's first residents. In April 2012, the African lions were replaced with Asian lions in the Pavilion of Lions, making Assiniboine Park Zoo the very first facility in North America to house a pair of Asian lions. In 2013, a new 2,400 m$^2$ (26,000 sq ft) expansion of the enclosure for the Siberian tigers was constructed and opened. The new enclosure would assist the breeding program.

### Aunt Sally's Farm

The zoo contains a child-friendly learn-and-play area, Aunt Sally's Farm, which is located next to a playground, and has a wishing well.
Unlike the current exhibit, the old Aunt Sally's Farm used to be a petting zoo that operated between 1959 and 1989. It was replaced by the Kinsman Discovery Center, which opened on March 23, 1990.
The current farm includes the following mammals:
* American miniature horse (Equus caballus)
* Kiko goat (Capra hircus)
* Llama (Lama glama)
* Nubian goat (Capra hircus)
* Pygmy goat (Capra hircus)
* Sardinian miniature donkey (Equus asinus domesticus)
* Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa)

### Grasslands and Boreal Forests

The Grasslands & Boreal Forest section features animal species that are native to North America.
After the exhibit Journey to Churchill opened in 2014, an enclosure for an additional species of wolves was added. In June 2018, the Grasslands & Boreal Forest exhibit opened, featuring four male and one female gray wolves.
As of 2024, species contained in the grasslands and boreal forest include:
Mammals
* American Bison (Bison bison)
* American Elk (Cervus canadensis)
* Grey Wolf (Canis lupus)
* Cougar (Puma concolor)
* Rocky Mountain Big Horn Sheep (Ovid canadensis canadensis)
* Llama (Lama glama)
* Kiko goat (Capra hircus)
* Snow leopard (Panthera uncia)
Birds
* American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
* Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)
* Florida Sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pratensis)
* Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)

### Journey to Churchill

Journey to Churchill is an exhibit representing various habitats of northern Manitoba and is the most comprehensive northern species exhibit of its kind in the world. The exhibit is named for the town of Churchill, on Hudson Bay in Northern Manitoba, which is home to the largest polar bear denning area in the world. The exhibit features expansive habitats for:
* Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus)
* Harbor (Common) Seal (Phoca vitulina)
* Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)
* Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
* Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
* Snowy owls (Nyctea scandiaca)
The exhibit also features the Gateway to the Arctic, which includes: an underwater viewing tunnel called the Sea Ice Passage that houses polar bears and seals, who are separated by a clear wall; a short-film experience inside the 360-degree Aurora Borealis Theatre; and other interactive and interpretive components.
Inside the Journey to Churchill exhibit is also the Leatherdale International Polar Bear Conservation Centre (IPBCC), an interpretive center sponsored by Calm Air that offers information regarding polar bears, the Arctic ecosystem, research in action, climate change, etc. Also located inside the Journey to Churchill exhibit is the Tundra Grill is a 150-seat restaurant, with views of the largest of three polar bear habitats in the exhibit.
The International Polar Bear Conservation Center was opened in January 2012, followed by the Journey to Churchill Northern Species exhibit in July 2014 as a permanent area.

### Kinsmen Discovery Center

The Kinsmen Discovery Center contains six galleries about different life forms—water, grasslands, air, underground, and two forest galleries—and is the Zoo's second biggest indoor exhibit with fish, snakes, reptiles, etc.
Announced in November 1986 and originally planned to open in the fall of 1987, the center broke ground in June 1988. Costing $1.75 million, the 743 m$^2$ (8,000 sq ft) Kinsman Discovery Center opened on March 23, 1990, two and a half years late and $550,000 over budget. It replaced the old Aunt Sally's Farm, which operated between 1959 and 1989.
A statue honoring Winnipeg the Bear—the bear that was made famous as Winnie-the-Pooh—was unveiled in 1992 and has since been relocated to the Nature Playground in the general Park area.
As of 2021, species contained at the Kinsmen Discovery Center include:
Crustaceans and Insects
* Anemones
** Bubble-tip anemone (Entacmaea quadricolor)
** Pink-tipped anemone (Condylactis)
* Central American giant cave cockroach (Blaberus giganteus)
* Crabs
** Emerald crab (Mithraculus sculptures)
** Red Reef hermit crab (Paguristes cadenati)
** Thinstripe hermit crab (Clibanarius vittatus)
** Tricolor hermit crab (Clibanarius tricolor)
* Emerald false (shaggy mushroom) coral (Ricordea Florida)
* Shrimp
** Banded coral shrimp (Stenopus hispidus)
** Peppermint shrimp (Lysmata wurdemanni)
* Snails
** Antillean tooth snail (Nerita)
** Channeled turban snail (Turbo)
** Crowned astrea snail (Astraea)
** Middle-spined cerith snail (Cerithium)
** Nassarius snail (Nassarius)
** Turban snail (Turbo fluctuosus)
** Zebra nerite snail (Neritina natalensis)
Fish
* Banded archerfish (Toxotes jaculatrix)
* Bristlenose pleco (Ancistrus)
* Catfish
** Blotched upside-down catfish (Synodontis nigriventris)
** Featherfin squeaker catfish (Synodontis uterus)
* Dottybacks
** Dottyback (Pseudochromidae)
** Orchid dottyback (Pseudochromis fridmani)
* Gilled African lungfish (Protopterus amphibius)
* Leopard bush fish (Ctenopoma acutirostre)
* Mexican blind cave fish (Astyanax jordani)
* Saddled bichir (Polypterus endlicheri)
* Tomini surgeon (Ctenochaetus tominiensis)
* Tangs
** Blue regal (hippo) tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)
** Purple (Yellow-tailed) tang (Zebrasoma xanthurum)
** Yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens)
Reptiles and Amphibians
* Geyr's spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx geyri)
* New Caledonia Bumpy (Gargoyle) Gecko (Rhacodactylus auriculatus)
* Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans)
* White’s Tree (Dunny) Frog (Pelodryas caerulea)
Birds
* Doves
** Black-naped fruit dove (Ptilinopus melanospilus)
** Common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica)
* Tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides)
* Snowy-headed robin-chat (Cossypha niveicapilla)
* Speckled mousebird (Colius striatus)
* Violet-backed (amethyst) starling (Cinnyricinclus leucogaster)
* Weavers
** Village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus)
** Taveta golden weaver (Ploceus castaneiceps)
Mammals
* Greater spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus hastatus)
* Prevost's squirrel (Callosciurus prevostii)
* Slender-tailed meerkat (Suricata suricatta)

### Open Range

The Open Range section is located at the center of the Zoo and features various animals from around the world, including:
Mammals
* Alpine ibex (Capra ibex)
* Llama (Lama glama)
* Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana)
* Red kangaroo (Macropus rufus)
* Turkmenian markhor (Capra falconeri heptneri)
Birds
* Common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) — free roaming
* Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo)
* Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) — free roaming

### Toucan Ridge

Toucan Ridge, originally known as the Tropical House, is an exhibit featuring animal, bird, and plant life of the new-world tropics of Central and South America.
Constructed in 1971 for $500,000, the original 1,230-square-metre (13,200 sq ft) Tropical House building first opened to the public in November 1972 and almost doubled the Zoo's total species. Temperatures inside the Tropical House would be maintained at a constant 27 °C (80 °F).
In 2009, the Zoo contracted with demolition company Klassen Concrete to demolish the early 1970s Tropical House. Instead of demolishing the structure, plans were implemented to repurpose the existing building while re-configuring its displays. The project took five months to complete, with infrastructure renewal costing $900,000 and exhibit renewal costing $2.1 million.
On April 20, 2011, the first new exhibit as part of the Assiniboine Park Zoo's redevelopment plans, Toucan Ridge, was opened.
As of 2021, species contained at the Toucan Ridge include:
Mammals
* Common squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
* Cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus)
* Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii)
* Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
* Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
* Red panda (Ailurus fulgens refulgens)
* Seba’s short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata)
Birds
* Blue-throated piping guan (Pipile cumanensis)
* Cinnamon teal (Spatula cyanoptera)
* Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
* Monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus)
* Peruvian thick-knee (Burhinus superciliaris)
* Red-crested wood partridge (Rollulus rouloul)
* Red-winged parrot (Aprosmictus erythropterus)
* Ringed teal (Callonetta leucophrys)
* Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja)
* Scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber)
* Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)
* Sun Conure (Aratinga solstitialis)
* Sunbittern (Eurypyga helias)
* Toco toucan (Ramphastos toco)
* Yellow-green grosbeak (Caryothraustes canadensis)
Reptiles and Amphibians
* Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
* Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus)
* Green-and-black poison dart frog (Dendrobates auratus)
* Panther Chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)
* Yellow-and-blue poison dart frog (Dendrobates tinctorius)
* Yellow-spotted Amazon river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis)
* Common Boa Constrictor
Fish
* Convict cichlid (Archocentrus nigrofasciata)

### Others

Dinosaurs Uncovered is an interactive dinosaur exhibit that opens during the summer. Outdoors, it features 17 life-size animatronic dinosaurs along a forested trail; indoors, it features dinosaur skeletons, fossils, and artifacts. It consists of species from the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods, including the Tyrannosaurus Rex and the feathered Dakotaraptor.
The McFeetors Heavy Horse Center is a year-round exhibit that is currently home to two breeds of horses (Equus caballus)—the Percheron draft horse and the Clydesdale draft horse—and includes a barn, pastures, paddocks, and a carriage shed. The 1.9 ha (4.7 acres) center was announced in September 2014 and officially opened on August 28, 2015.
The Shirley Richardson Butterfly Garden, located next to the Toucan Ridge exhibit, is a permanent seasonal exhibit of various butterfly species and is open from late spring to early fall. It was opened in June 2009 and covers 200 m$^2$ (2,200 sq ft).

#### Events

Major community events take place annually in both the Zoo and Park. As of 2021, events held at the Zoo include the following:
* Brew at the Zoo is an event showcasing Manitoba's local craft beer, wine, and spirits industry.
* Wildest Dreams is a zoo experience offered to families facing health and/or socio-economic barriers.
* The Zoo Lights Festival is the holiday light show that takes place between the late fall and early winter months and has been held since 2019.

#### Former exhibits and events

* A special Australian exhibit featuring koalas from the San Diego Zoo was created in 1993 and was open to the public between May 12 and September 19 in the former Aunt Sally's Farm space. After the koalas left, this enclosure was used for Matschie's tree kangaroos.
* Boo at the Zoo was started in 1996 as a Halloween event. In the first year, 40,000 people attended over ten days. By its 10th anniversary in 2006, when the Pumpkin Patch Maze, Area 54, and Boo Alley were added to the attractions, the event was attended by 57,400 visitors.
* Lights of the Wild, featuring animal light sculptures presented by the Zoo and the Society, was first opened in 1996 for 3 weeks in the winter. It was discontinued in 2000, and the lights were all sold to Portage Island of Lights.
* Stingray Beach was a rotating exhibit that debuted in 2019 on the May long weekend. However, after a month and a half, three male specimens died from undetermined causes.
* A temporary exhibit, Extreme Bugs, was featured at the Zoo during the summer of 2018.

## Operations

The Zoo hosts summertime day camps for children of all ages, as well as guided school and group tours.

### Conservation and research

Located inside the Journey to Churchill exhibit, the Leatherdale International Polar Bear Conservation Center (IPBCC), named after Doug and Louise Leatherdale and sponsored by Calm Air, is the Zoo's central hub for research projects and conservation, as well as an interpretive center providing wildlife education. Opened in 2012, it was established with funding from the Government of Manitoba as part of the provincial Polar Bear Protection Amendment Act and houses the Conservation and Research Department of Assiniboine Park Conservancy. IPBCC is overseen by an advisory board, currently chaired by Dr. Stephen Petersen, who is also the Zoo's Director of Conservation and Research.
The Zoo's conservation efforts are focused on three areas: arctic and subarctic species conservation; Manitoba species conservation; and conservation of international species that are at risk.
As of 2021, current projects relating to arctic and subarctic species conservation include a study mapping out denning areas of polar bears; the study of polar-bear biology through non-invasive techniques; a collaborative project with researchers at the University of Manitoba into the technologies that enable the identification of individual polar bears; a project collecting and classifying underwater images of beluga whales in the Churchill River, in partnership with Polar Bears International, Zooniverse, and Explore.org, and support by the RBC Foundation; and a project (sponsored by Calm Air) monitoring the response of ringed and harbor seal in the Hudson Bay to changes in sea ice.
As of 2021, current projects relating to Manitoba species conservation include:
* A head-starting program, initiated in 2017, for Poweshiek Skipperling
* A project involving the recovery of burrowing owls
* The Saving Animals From Extinction (SAFE) project, is currently involved in saving the monarch butterfly and North American songbirds.

### Admission fees

At its inception, the Zoo was made free to the public. Various attempts at raising funds (beyond taxpayer funds) had been made, including coin boxes inside the Zoo and a gift shop. By 1993, it was decided to start charging an admission fee for zoo maintenance upgrading and expansion of exhibit spaces.
In 2015, the Zoo had offered discounts on Tuesdays at the cost of $10 for adults. However that year the admission fee was raised to $12 per adult.
The Zoo has offered free children's admission during the days of the Christmas break in years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018.
Zoo admission fees (2024) :
| Visitor | Gate ticket fee | Online ticket fee |
| Children (Age 2 and under) | Free | Free |
| Children (Age 3-17) | $14.00 | $12.75 |
| Student (with student ID) | $21.60 | $19.65 |
| Adults (up to age 59) | $24.70 | $22.45 |
| Seniors | $21.60 | $19.65 |
The Zoo also offers annual membership options; an annual membership grants unlimited free admission to the zoo, as well as discounts on guest passes, food, retail, and birthday parties.