OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Garrison train crash

41°22′02″N 73°57′18″W﻿ / ﻿41.3673°N 73.9550°W﻿ / 41.3673; -73.9550
The Garrison train crash occurred on October 24, 1897, in Garrison, New York, at approximately 5:47 am, when train No. 46 of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad derailed near King's Dock of the Hudson River division, about one and three-quarters miles south of Garrison. All but one of the 19 fatalities drowned when the embankment gave way, plunging the train into the Hudson River. Witnesses described feeling between one and three "thuds" before three of the five sleeper cars fell into the river. Several witnesses described seeing a "hole" in the trackbed after the accident, however, the cause of this was not determined. Early speculation blamed a large explosion of dynamite as the cause of the train's derailment. Two weeks previously, the same train had almost derailed near the same spot when a two-ton boulder was found on the tracks, with some believing it had been deliberately placed.
The final report on the cause of the accident was inconclusive, with investigators concluding that either the train derailed and then destroyed the embankment, or that the embankment gave way leading to the derailment. The commission noted that track walkers, employed to walk along the tracks to inspect them, and the embankment, for damage, were not employed during the summer except in periods of heavy storms. It recommended that the number of track walkers be immediately increased.
# Photoclinometry

Photoclinometry, or shape-from-shading, is the process by which a 2-dimensional image of a surface is transformed into a surface map that represents different levels of elevation. It uses the shadows and light direction as reference points. It is used mostly to depict the surface of sculptures, to give an idea of how it would look in 3-dimensions. The techniques depend on very specific conditions, especially light direction.

## The process

When light bounces off an object, it reflects with location-specific brightness that depends on the shape of the object and the position of the lighting source. This reflection map can be used to create a bump map of a surface, which uses grayscale levels to depict the height of a point on a surface. Knowing the direction and angle of the light source, one can calculate the approximate height that a point has. However, the light direction and angle is usually unknown, which leads to poor quality images, or having to create multiple bump maps, each time trying different settings.

## Usage

* Some artists use photoclinometry to digitize a 3-dimensional representation of a sculpture.
* Geologists and those that study planetary science use it to get an idea of how the surface of a planet looks like, and generate topographic maps and digital elevation models (see photometric stereo). Planetary applications began with investigations of lunar topography as early as 1951 and has since been applied to the Martian surface.
* Glaciologists have used photoclinometry to characterize the surfaces of Antarctica and Greenland. Repeat photoclinometry is a method of building surfaces from a series of satellite image to investigate changes in ice sheet topography over time.
* Photoclinometry has been used to measure volcanic plume top topography on Earth.

## Problems

Light direction is very important to the quality of a photoclinometric image. Light that comes from directly over the surface (behind the camera) makes it hard to distinguish the shadows. Multiple light sources are also a problem, since they destroy important shadows required for the algorithms to work properly.
In order to solve these problems, new missions to other planets plan to use a process similar to stereoscopy in order to get a more accurate depiction of the surface on another planet. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is one of the mission that attempts to do this. This process uses two images of one location taken from two separate lens on a camera, much in the same way humans do with their eyes. By using two images, they can get a 3-dimensional perspective of objects on the surface like we do.
# Suzi Carlson

Suzi Carlson is an American politician who served in the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 64th district. She was elected in 2018, succeeding Republican Susie Swanson, who did not seek reelection.
A former cosmetologist, Carlson served for 21 years as the city judge in Clay Center, Kansas. During that time she also served as a city judge for Wakefield, Kansas, Green, Kansas, Longford, Kansas and Miltonvale, Kansas. She lost the Republican nomination for re-election in 2022, several months after being arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol.
Kansas House of Representatives Committees 2019-2020
* Financial Institutions and Pensions
* Children and Seniors
* Social Services Budget
Kansas House of Representatives :
| Preceded bySusie Swanson | Kansas House of Representatives Representative from the 64th District 2019 - 2023 | Succeeded byLewis Bloom |
# Rosa Bonheur (Anna Elizabeth Klumpke)

Rosa Bonheur is an 1898 painting by Anna Elizabeth Klumpke. The portrait of the French artist Rosa Bonheur has been in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art since 1922.

## Early history and creation

Bonheur was an artist whom Klumpke "had long admired." The two artists had been corresponding for some time prior to 1898. Klumpke was persuaded by a conversation with members of the Douglas Miller family to ask to paint Bonheur. On September 14, 1897, Klumpke wrote to Bonheur, asking if she might paint her portrait. On March 31, 1898, Bonheur responded, "I am at your disposal, dear mademoiselle, for the portrait."
Kumpke started work on the oil on canvas portrait in June 1898. Klumpke wrote that she "was delighted that Rosa Bonheur had offered of her own accord to pose in women's clothes." Bonheur would not pose for Klumpke every day, saying that she "can't stand long sittings." During the times she posed for Klumpke, the two artists talked about art and literature, told stories, and discussed religion and morality. Klumpke's work on the painting was also dictated by Bonheur, who wanted the younger artist to follow her suggestions about sketching and artwork. Maria Tamboukou writes that the interplay of conversation and sittings for the creation of the painting show Bonheur to be "a woman in love" with Klumpke.

## Description and interpretation

The work depicts French painter Rosa Bonheur. Klumpke was also a biographer for Bonheur's life and work. Bonheur is depicted sitting at her easel and wearing her medal of the Legion of Honor. Bonheur is wearing a long frogged coat and a stiff white collar. In her hand is a drawing and on the easel is the beginning of a painting of three horses. The expression of Bonheur's face "hovers between the pensive and the provocative," according to Britta C. Dwyer.
Klumpke remained with Bonheur in France as her companion. On Bonheur's death in 1899, the year after the portrait was completed, Klumpke inherited Bonheur's home and studio at the Château de By near Fontainebleau. The painting was owned by Klumpke and her sister and agent, Dorothea Roberts, until 1922. In that year, Klumpke gifted the work to the Met.
# Catholic studies

Catholic studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the teaching, life and culture of the Catholic Church.
A number of Catholic universities started offering programs in Catholic studies as a response to Pope John Paul II's 1990 encyclical Ex corde Ecclesiae. Such universities include Ave Maria University, DePaul University, Georgetown University, Loyola University Chicago, Franciscan University of Steubenville, and the University of Mary. The University of St. Thomas has a specialist Center for Catholic Studies, which was founded in 1992.
# Ron Shulamit Conservatory

The Ron Shulamit Conservatory is a music conservatory in Israel.

## History

Music education developed in Israel largely due to the pioneering efforts of Selma Shulamit Ruppin [he] (1873–1912), an opera singer trained in Berlin and Arthur Ruppin's first wife, who established the first conservatory in Jaffa in 1910.
In 1923 the Shulamit Conservatory Orchestra accompanied Mordechai's Golinkin's production of La Traviata, the first opera performed in pre-state Israel.
Ron Conservatory was established and directed by the violinist Yariv Ezrachi [he], himself a graduate of the Shulamit Conservatory. Famous musicians who studied at Ron include Daniel Benyamini and Shlomo Mintz. In 1968 the two conservatories were merged under the Ron Shulamit name, directed by Ezrachi. Ezrahi's daughter Ofra Broshi later opened a branch in Jerusalem, and today the Ron Shulamit Conservatory operates a coed branch in Bet Hakerem, and one for Orthodox girls in Har Nof.

## Mission and projects

The conservatory's mission is to make music and all its benefits, available to everyone, regardless of religious/ethnic background, age, gender, socio-economic status, physical, mental or emotional disabilities. Free open houses are held on a regular basis in addition to performances in nursing homes, community centers, fundraisers for charitable organizations and explained concerts in schools.
The conservatory's "Jewish Music Renaissance Project" researches, collects, records and performs traditional music pieces from Jewish communities around the globe.
The conservatory provides music therapy to children with disabilities and emotional problems. It employs many immigrant musicians, thereby aiding in their absorption process.

## Performing ensembles

The performing ensembles include:
* CameRon Student Orchestra – Established in 1995 in an effort to bring people closer to classical music, this chamber orchestra performs a broad repertoire including pieces written specially for them by Israel Edelson and performed as part of the Jewish Music Renaissance Project. Students in the BA program have a chance to conduct the orchestra during rehearsals and performances, and occasionally play with the Zmora orchestra. The state music commission has praised CameRon for its uniqueness and importance.
* Zmora – the only professional all-female string orchestra in Israel recognized by the Ministry of Culture. Established in 2002, it has 15 musicians. Educational concerts in schools, and benefit concerts for charity organizations, as well as free concerts in nursing homes and areas hurt by acts of terror, are all part of the orchestra's unique contribution to the community, and beyond as Zmora performs in the cultural and geographical periphery.
* AccordiRon – A crowd favorite, this student accordion orchestra, is often invited to perform throughout the country. As part of the Jewish Music Renaissance Project, the AccordiRon repertoire continues to grow, and includes their own CD of Jewish folk music.
# Thunai Mudhalvar

Thunai Mudhalvar (transl. Deputy Chief Minister) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language political satire film written by K. Bhagyaraj and directed by R. Vivekanandan. The film stars Bhagyaraj and Jayaram in the lead roles while Shweta Menon, and Sandhya among others form an ensemble cast. Music for the film was composed by four different music directors and the film opened to negative reviews in April 2015.

## Cast

* K. Bhagyaraj as Periya Pandi
* Jayaram as Chinna Paandi
* Sandhya as Rukmani
* Swetha Menon as Thangam
* Junior Balaiah
* Tarun Kumar
* Mohan Raman
* Kovai Senthil
* Nellai Siva
* Manobala
* T. P. Gajendran
* Ranganathan
* Sembuli Jagan
* Gowtham (vijith)
* Koshr
* Raju Jeyamohan

## Production

During the audio launch of Bharathiraja's Annakodi (2013) in January 2013, Bhagyaraj announced that he was working a script titled Thunai Mudhalvar Unopposed and that he was finalising the cast for the project. The film was launched in December 2013, with Jayaram signed on to appear alongside Bhagyaraj in the lead roles, while newcomer Vivekanandan would handle the film's direction. Shweta Menon was also signed on, marking her fourth film in the Tamil film industry, as was Meenakshi, and the team began shoot in Pollachi.
Bhagyaraj "ghost-directed" the film, often changing the script and dialogues of the film on location. Meenakshi later opted out of the project and was replaced by Sandhya, who played Jayaram's wife in the film.

## Soundtrack

Music composed by Jai; Balaji; PradeepHarish-Jai.

## Release

The film opened to negative reviews in April 2015, with a critic from The Hindu noting it "is an outdated film that verges on the obscene" and that "its plot, its setting, its pace, its depiction of women — is dated". Likewise, a critic from The Times of India noted "the whole enterprise feels like some badly made TV serial", particularly criticizing the film's depiction of women.
# En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom

En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom (transl. My Lover's Sandal is Missing) is a 2017 Tamil-language comedy drama film written and directed by K. P. Jagan. Thamizh, Anandhi, and Yogi Babu play the film's lead roles, amongst an ensemble cast. Production for the film began in February 2017 and it was released on 17 November 2017. The films music was composed by Ishaan Dev. It performed below average at the box office.

## Plot

Sandhya (Anandhi) loses her slippers and pleads with the conductor to stop the bus and says that her slippers were bought by her father Mohanrajan (Jayaprakash). When the conductor refuses to stop, Krishnan (Thamizh), who has been in love with Sandhya for a long time, jumps from the moving bus to retrieve the slippers, but they go missing. Meanwhile, Mohanrajan gets kidnapped in Syria, and a godwoman claims that Mohanrajan will be safe as soon as Sandhya gets her lost pair of slippers.

## Cast

* Thamizh (earlier credited as Pakoda Pandi) as Krishnan Kithan
* Anandhi as Sandhya
* Yogi Babu as 'Remo' Ravi
* K. S. Ravikumar as Politician
* Rekha as Sandhya's mother
* Jayaprakash as Mohanarajan
* Bala Saravanan as Mahesh
* Livingston as Bhai
* Singampuli as Soosai
* Abhirami as Sandhya's friend
* Kadhal Sukumar as Bus Conductor
* Thalapathy Dinesh as Don
* Devipriya as Malavika
* Rajendranath as Head Constable
* Supergood Subramani as Police Writer
* MooMaaran as Wine Shop Owner
* Subramani as Doctor
* Udhayabhanu as Sandhya's grandfather
* Kayal Devaraj as Tricycle Beggar
* Siththan as Saloon Shop Owner

## Production

In December 2016, director K. P. Jagan announced that he would make a comeback as a director and chose to cast Anandhi in the lead role for his next film. Jagan also selected Thamizh, previously credited Pandi in films including Pasanga (2009), to play the lead role in the film, while Yogi Babu was also picked for a leading role. Production began in Cuddalore at the end of 2016. The film's title and first look were released in April 2017. This film Music Rights were Sold to Gautham Vasudev Menon's Ondraga Entertainment.

## Release

The Times of India gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of five and wrote that "While we expect inventiveness, Jagannath gives us inanity. Neither the events that happen during the hero's search for the missing slipper nor the characters he comes across in his adventures are interesting".
# Mithran R. Jawahar

Mithran R. Jawahar (born 8 June 1979) is an Indian film director who works predominantly in Tamil cinema.

## Career

Jawahar, an former assistant of Selvaraghavan, began working on his first film starring Dhanush in December 2004. A remake of the Telugu film Arya (2004), the film was later put on hold and restarted at a later date. As a result, his debut venture was the 2008 film Yaaradi Nee Mohini, starring Dhanush and Nayantara, which was a runaway hit. The film was a remake of the Telugu film Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule, directed by Selvaraghavan.
His next two films Kutty (2010) and Uthamaputhiran (2010), both again remakes and again featuring Dhanush in the lead role, also became successful.
In 2014, Jawahar began work on Saamiyattam, a remake of the Telugu film Swamy Ra Ra, produced and featuring Srikanth in the lead role, but it was later shelved.
He then moved on to direct a remake of the Malayalam film Thattathin Marayathu, titled Meendum Oru Kadhal Kadhai, in 2016.
In 2021, Jawahar made his first original script with the social drama Mathil, which starred director-actor K. S. Ravikumar in the lead role which was made for digital platform Zee5.
In 2022, he directed the film Thiruchitrambalam, which was his fourth collaboration with Dhanush, which also went to do well at the box-office.
In 2023, Jawahar directed Ariyavan, the debut film of actor Ishaaon and the Tamil debut of actress Pranali Ghogare.

## Filmography

* All films are in Tamil, unless mentioned otherwise.

### Films

Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| Year | Film | Notes |
| 2008 | Yaaradi Nee Mohini | Remake of 2007 Telugu film Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule |
| 2010 | Kutty | Remake of the 2004 Telugu film Arya |
| 2010 | Uthamaputhiran | Remake of the 2008 Telugu film Ready |
| 2016 | Meendum Oru Kadhal Kadhai | Remake of the 2012 Malayalam film Thattathin Marayathu |
| 2021 | Mathil | Released on ZEE5 |
| 2022 | Thiruchitrambalam | Cameo appearance as a traffic police officer |
| 2023 | Ariyavan | |
| TBA | Adhirshtasaali † | Filming |
# Kalavani 2

Kalavani 2 (transl. Thief 2) is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed and produced by A. Sarkunam. The film stars Vimal and Oviya, with RJ Vigneshkanth amongst others in supporting roles. This is Vimal's 25th film. A standalone sequel to Kalavani (2010), the film began production in February 2018. The film was released on 5 July 2019 to negative reviews.

## Plot

Arivazhagan (Vimal) continues his fraudulent existence with a new friend Vicky (RJ Vigneshkanth) in town. When the Panchayat elections are announced Arivazhagan 's uncle and his lover Maheswari (Oviya) father are contesting for the Local body elections. The Kalavani plans to file nomination on his own hoping that either side would pay him off to avoid splitting of votes and cheats Panchayat (Ganja Karuppu) to finance this scheme.

## Cast

* Vimal as Arivazhagan (Arikki) / A. M. R.
* Oviya as Maheshwari (Mahesh) Arivazhagan
* RJ Vigneshkanth as Vicky
* Saranya Ponvannan as Lakshmi
* Durai Sudhakar as Rajendran (A) Raavana
* Ilavarasu as Annamalai
* Ganja Karuppu as Panchayathu
* Villain Raj as Chelladurai, Maheshwari's father
* Senthi Kumari as Mrs. Chelladurai, Maheshwari's mother
* Vinodhini Vaidyanathan as Manimekalai Rajendran
* Mayilsamy as Chinnasaamy (Thosai)
* Imman Annachi as Nallathambi
* TSR as Election Commissioner
* Usha Elizabeth as Chinnasaamy's wife
* Shanthi Mani
* Sindhiya as Maheshwari's friend
* Mannai Sathik as Maheswari's blackmailer
* Kannayiram

## Production

Upon release in 2010, Kalavani, produced by Nazir, had become a surprise success and performed well at the box office, effectively making the careers of director Sarkunam, actor Vimal and actress Oviya. In November 2016, reports emerged that Sarkunam and Vimal were coming together for a sequel but Sarkunam continued to concentrate on the pre-production of a film starring Madhavan. In October 2017, Vimal denied signing the film and dispelled reports that a sequel was in production for producer Nazir.
In a turn of events in February 2018, Sarkunam shelved his proposed film with Madhavan and announced that he would make a sequel to Kalavani. He launched his own production house, Varmans Productions, to fund the film and cast Vimal Oviya, while titling the project as K2. Soon after Sarkunam's announcement, Nazir revealed that he was unhappy at this proposal, and that he would begin work on a separate film titled Kalavani 2 as he had the original rights to the title. He suggested that production would begin in mid-2018 after he had finished making a film titled Vadam with Poonam Kaur.
Despite the ongoing issue, Sarkunam began shooting the film with Vimal in February 2018, with Oviya joining the team in May 2018. Several members of the original film's cast joined the project, except Soori, with Vigneshkanth signed on instead.
# Huliya Haalina Mevu

Huliya Haalina Mevu (pronunciation transl. The yield of Tiger's milk) is a 1979 Indian Kannada-language epic historical drama film directed by Vijay, based on a novel of the same name by Bharathisutha starring Rajkumar as Chengumani, the commander-in-chief of the 18th-century Kingdom of Coorg. Jayachitra and Jayapradha feature in pivotal roles. The movie was dubbed in Telugu as Prachanda Bheri. This was also Rajkumar's first cinemascope movie.

## Plot

Chengumani, a tiger hunter becomes the king's commander-in-chief after saving his life, but his life gets complicated when he falls in love with Poovi and marries her.

## Cast

* Rajkumar as Chengumani
* Jaya Prada as Poovi
* Jayachitra as Thanga
* M. P. Shankar as Dodda Veerappa
* Balakrishna as Uttanayaka
* Vajramuni as Bhima, Uttanayaka's son
* Sampath as Somaiah, Thanga's father
* Shakti Prasad as Muthanna
* Srinivasa Murthy as Kalaiah
* Thoogudeepa Srinivas as Nadatakka Subbaiah
* Tiger Prabhakar as Pemmaiah
* Uma Shivakumar
* M. S. Rajashekar
* Shani Mahadevappa as Biddaiah
* Rajanand as Chikka Virarajendra
* Papamma as Ponnamma, Chengumani's mother
* Bhatti Mahadevappa
* Honnavalli Krishna

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. K. Venkatesh, with lyrics penned by Chi. Udaya Shankar.

### Tracks
## Trivia

* The movie was 7th of the nine movies (excluding cameo appearances in Shiva Mecchida Kannappa and Gandhada Gudi Part 2 )from Dr. Rajkumar - director Vijay duo and the duo's second movie made on the backdrop of royal family after the 1975 classic Mayura.
* The movie has the protagonist enacted by Dr. Rajkumar dying in the climax which is said to have caused a massive outrage among his fans. However, the climax was not changed.
* The makers had announced that the movie collected ₹40.50 lakhs within 3 weeks of its release.
# Léo Borges (footballer, born 2001)

Leonardo "Léo" Borges da Silva (born 3 January 2001) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Polish club Pogoń Szczecin.

## Club career

Borges signed with Internacional in 2017. Borges made his professional debut with Internacional in a 0-0 Copa Libertadores tie with América de Cali on 30 September 2020.
On 3 August 2021, he joined Porto B in Portugal on a season-long loan.
On 10 July 2022, Polish side Pogoń Szczecin announced they had signed Borges on a three-year contract.