# Piracicaba

Piracicaba (Portuguese pronunciation: or) is a city located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The population is 423,323 (2022) in an area of 1,378.07 km$^2$. It is at an elevation of 547 m above sea level.

## Name

The place name comes from a word in the Tupi language that means "place where the fish stops", and it is formed by the junction of the terms pirá ("fish"), syk ("stop") and aba ("place"). The name refers to the waterfalls of the Piracicaba River, which bisects the city, which is a point where the "piracema"—fish swimming upstream to reproduce— are stopped.

## History

In 1766, Antonio Correa Barbosa, charged with the task of establishing a settlement on the estuary of Piracicaba river, opted for a location about 90 kilometres (56 mi) from it. The settlement was officially founded on August 1, 1767, as a povoação subordinated to the vila of Itu. In 1784, Piracicaba got emancipated from Itu, becoming a freguesia.
In 1821, the freguesia was promoted to vila, known as Vila Nova da Constituição. In 1856, Vila Nova da Constituição was promoted to city status and in 1877 it was officially named "Piracicaba", following a law by the then councilman and future Brazilian president Prudente de Morais.
In 1944, the city was made the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Piracicaba.

## Notable institutions, events, resources

Piracicaba is home to the oldest agricultural university in Brazil, the Luiz de Queiroz School of Agriculture of the University of São Paulo. Founded in 1901, the school is located on a farm with a large collection of trees and plants. It is also recognized as a leader in the field of precision agriculture. Other universities based in Piracicaba are the Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP) and the University of Campinas' School of Dentistry.
Piracicaba is known by the nickname "Noiva da Colina", meaning "Bride of the Hill", and is the annual host to the "Festa das Nações" (Nations' Party, where people may find foods from all over the world), and to the "Salão Internacional do Humor" (International Humor Exhibition), where cartoonists from around the world display comic drawings.
Piracicaba is famous for its sugarcane plantations, traditional cachaça production, and traditional music.

## Economy

The city is an important and traditional producer of sugarcane. The harvest of sugarcane allows for the production of many derivates, including sugar, oil, and ethanol. Copersucar, a large company that has a center of research on genetic improvement of sugarcane, participates in this growing industry.
Another characteristic economic feature is the presence of large industries, the main ones being Caterpillar, ArcelorMittal, Raizen and Hyundai.

## Geography

Piracicaba's altitude is 554 meters. Temperatures through the year vary from average highs of 30 °C to average lows of 12.0 °C, and Piracicaba experiences an average annual rainfall of 123 centimeters. The area of the city is 1,378 square kilometers, making it the 13th largest city in the State of São Paulo. The urban area of Piracicaba is 233.36 square kilometers.

### Climate

Climate data for Piracicaba, elevation 544 m (1,785 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–2021) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.5 (99.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 37.1 (98.8) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.3 (95.5) | 32.8 (91.0) | 33.1 (91.6) | 36.3 (97.3) | 41.5 (106.7) | 41.2 (106.2) | 40.5 (104.9) | 38.7 (101.7) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.5 (86.9) | 29.4 (84.9) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 26.2 (79.2) | 28.1 (82.6) | 29.4 (84.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.1 (84.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.1 (77.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 19.3 (66.7) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.2 (64.8) | 19.5 (67.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.2 (72.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 18.5 (65.3) | 15.9 (60.6) | 12.2 (54.0) | 10.8 (51.4) | 10.1 (50.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 13.9 (57.0) | 16.6 (61.9) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.0 (66.2) | 15.3 (59.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11.4 (52.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 0.8 (33.4) | −0.2 (31.6) | −1.8 (28.8) | −1.8 (28.8) | −2.6 (27.3) | 0.7 (33.3) | 3.0 (37.4) | 8.6 (47.5) | 10.7 (51.3) | −2.6 (27.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 252.7 (9.95) | 175.1 (6.89) | 161.5 (6.36) | 71.9 (2.83) | 62.3 (2.45) | 45.3 (1.78) | 30.4 (1.20) | 28.5 (1.12) | 66.3 (2.61) | 113.3 (4.46) | 159.1 (6.26) | 184.3 (7.26) | 1,350.7 (53.17) |
| Source: Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

The population in 2019 was 423.323. The Human Development Index for the city was 0.710 in 2000, and 0.785 in 2010, both falling in the "high" category.

### Religion

Religion in Piracicaba
Like the cultural variety in Piracicaba, there are several religious manifestations in the city. It is possible to find in the city dozens of different Protestant denominations, as well as the practice of Buddhism, Islamism, Spiritism, and others. In the last decades, Buddhism and Eastern religions have grown in the city. There also are the Jewish, Mormon and Afro-Brazilian religions. According to data from the 2019 Census conducted by the IBGE, the population of Piracicaba was composed that year by Catholics (59.78%), Evangelicals (27.42%), no religious affiliation (7.47%), Spiritist (2.9%) and Jehovah's Witnesses (0.95%). The remaining 2.09% of the resident population declared themselves of other denominations or of undetermined religion.
Source: IBGE - Census 2019

### Catholic Church

The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Piracicaba.

### Protestant Church

The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

## Culture
### Sports

The city has several sports clubs, including Esporte Clube XV de Novembro, founded on November 15, 1913, which is the city's main club. In the 1960s, when its president was the folkloric Romeu Italo Ripoli, it played international matches in Europe and Asia.
Within Brazil, XV de Piracicaba played mainly in the divisions of the Campeonato Paulista de Futebol and the Campeonato Brasileiro, winning the 1995 Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol - Série C and, more recently, the 2011 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol - Série A2. In the main divisions, its greatest achievement to date was the runner-up position in the 1st Division of São Paulo in 1976, also under Ripoli's command.
Other clubs that achieved prominence, at least regionally or even statewide, were Clube Atlético Piracicabano and MAF Futebol Clube. The main football stadiums are the Doutor Kok Stadium, with a capacity for 1,500 people, and the Barão de Serra Negra Stadium, with a capacity for more than 25,000 people.

## Utilities

As of 2010, water and power are supplied at a level approaching 100% of the households. As of 2019 there were 2.15 inhabitants per car in the city, and, in 2022, roughly 0.72 inhabitants per mobile phone line, with 99% of the city's population calculated as having access to a mobile phone.

## Transportation

The city is served by Pedro Morganti Airport.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

## Notable people

* José Altafini, also known as "Mazola", a professional footballer.
* Jonathan Cafú, footballer
* Gabriel Boschilia, footballer
* Lucas Beraldo, footballer
* Erik Cardoso, sprinter
* Cassiano Leal, swimmer
* Evaristo Conrado Engelberg, engineer and inventor
* André Cypriano, professional fotographer and documentarist
* Ronaldo Guiaro, footballer
* Marcos Pizzelli - footballer who played for the Armenian national team.
* Rubens Ometto Silveira Mello, the owner of Cosan.
* Guilherme Giovannoni, former basketball player
* Coutinho, former footballer
* Cristiano Zanin, minister and judge of brazilian supreme federal court

## Sister cities

* Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
* Santa Ana, El Salvador