OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mercedario

Cerro Mercedario is the highest peak of the Cordillera de la Ramada range and the eighth-highest mountain of the Andes. It is located 100 km to the north of Aconcagua, in the Argentine province of San Juan.

## Ascent history

It was first ascended on January 18, 1934, by Adam Karpiński [pl] and Wiktor Ostrowski [pl], members of a Polish andinist expedition led by Konstanty Jodko-Narkiewicz. The Polish party erected a cairn on the summit.
In 1968, after several attempts by some of the strongest Argentine climbers, a Japanese group led by Saburo Yoshida accomplished the first ascension of the south side. In 1971 an Austrian expedition led by Fritz Moravec and Othmar Kucera, climbed the north side. In 1972, Italians Sergio Job Gino and Antonio Beorchia Nigris climbed the Mercedario through the normal route and discovered some Inca ruins just below the summit. In January 1975 an Italian expedition led by Antonio Mastellaro managed to climb the east side. In 1983 a small expedition from Gorizia was able to traverse the south-west ridge, which is considered the most difficult trail of the mountain, and one of the last mountaineering issues in the Andes. On January 27 Mauro Collini, Sergio Figel, Mario Tavagnutti and Rudi Vittori reached the top.

## Photo gallery

* Vertical aerial photograph of glaciers on the southeast side of Cerro Mercedario
# Simon Hickey (politician)

Simon Hickey (6 June 1878 – 18 May 1958) was an Australian politician.
He was born at Botobolar near Mudgee to agricultural labourer Patrick Hickey, an Irish-American, and Mary, née Swift. His family moved to Menah in 1882 and to Auburn in 1890. Hickey received a primary education but at the age of thirteen left school to work as a drayman's assistant, eventually being apprenticed to a Mudgee saddler in 1893. He worked in Sydney for the saddler's firm, which failed. In 1911 he married Hilda Ellen Dacey, daughter of Labor MP John Dacey.
In 1912 he entered the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Alexandria on the death of his father-in-law; he moved to the multi-member seat of Botany in 1920. The 1920 election was evenly divided with Labor only able to govern due to Nationalist Daniel Levy controversially accepting re-election as speaker. Levy resigned as speaker and on 13 December 1921 Hickey was elected Speaker. This left the Dooley Labor Government without a majority in parliament. Eight days later the government was defeated on the floor and resigned. Hickey resigned as speaker, replaced by Levy which enabled Labor to regain government. His term remains the shortest in the history of the Assembly. He was defeated in 1922 but in 1925 was given a life appointment to the New South Wales Legislative Council, which he held until the council's reconstitution in 1934.
Hickey's memoir, Travelled Roads, was published in 1951.
Hickey died at Bellevue Hill on 18 May 1958(1958-05-18) (aged 79).
His son was Sir Justin Hickey.
# The Source of Self-Regard: Selected Essays, Speeches, and Meditations

The Source of Self-Regard: Selected Essays, Speeches, and Meditations, published in 2019 by Alfred A. Knopf in the U.S., is a non-fiction book by Toni Morrison, in which are collected 43 pieces of writing, structured into three sections: "The Foreigner’s Home", "Black Matter(s)" and “God's Language". The collection was also published in the U.K. in 2019 by Chatto & Windus under the title Mouth Full of Blood: Essays, Speeches, Meditations.
As summarized in R. O. Kwon's review for The Guardian, "there are 40 years of her essays, speeches and meditations, including her thoughts and arguments about politics, art and writing. The book contains exhortations and transcribed question-and-answer sessions, reflections and analyses, exegeses and commencement talks."

## Reception

According to Book Marks, the book received a "positive" consensus, based on fifteen critic reviews: five "rave" and ten "positive". In the May/June 2019 issue of Bookmarks, the book received four and a half out of five stars. The magazine's critical summary reads: "This is a dense collection ... to be consumed and savored at a thoughtful pace. 'In other words, it's a large, rich, heterogenous book, and hallelujah' (Guardian), a worthy tome to Morrison's life work."
# Barb Wasinger

Barbara Wasinger (born July 7, 1958) is an American politician who was elected to the Kansas House of Representatives in 2019 as a Republican.
Prior to serving in the Kansas Legislature, she served as an Ellis County Commissioner, the first woman elected to the county commission. From 2005 to 2012 she served as a city commissioner in Hays, Kansas and served as Mayor of Hays from April 2008 to April 2009 and October 2010 to April 2012. While mayor, she served on the Hays Public Library Board.
2022-2024 Kansas House of Representatives Committee Assignments
* Chair of the Committee on Legislative Modernization
* Vice-chair of the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules and Regulations
* Special Committee on Foreign Trade and Regulatory Sandboxes
* Joint Committee on Information Technology
* Committee on Higher Education Budget
* Committee on Taxation
2020-2021 Kansas House of Representatives Committee Assignments
* Chairman of Joint Administrative Rules and Regulations
* Vice Chairman of Higher Education Budget
* Financial Institutions and Rural Development
* Taxation
2019-2020 Kansas House of Representatives Committee Assignments
* Financial Institutions and Pensions
* Higher Education Budget
* Taxation
* Joint Administrative Rules and Regulations
# Sweat scraper

A sweat scraper is a tool used in horse grooming and with other animals, such as dogs. It consists of a handle and a rubber blade. Sweat scrapers are available in both metal and plastic form, and also traditionally in wood (as seen in Mongolia). It is used to remove sweat and/or excess hair from larger pets. It is used in much the same manner as a window cleaner would scrape water or foam from a window with a rubber blade. The typical use of a sweat scraper is to remove excess water after washing a horse to help it cool down rather than for just sweat. Without the use of a sweat scraper, it would take more effort and additional rags to remove the same amount of excess water therefore the proper use of a sweat scraper helps to ensure an effective cool down process.
# Hampton School District (Arkansas)

Hampton School District is a public school district based in Hampton, Arkansas, United States. The school district encompasses 479.67 square miles (1,242.3 km$^2$) of land including all of Hampton and portions of several Calhoun County communities including Camden, Harrell, and Tinsman.
The district proves comprehensive education for pre-kindergarten through grade 12 is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE).

## History

In 1965 the Calhoun County School District merged into the Hampton School District.

## Schools

* Hampton High School, serving more than 250 students in grades 7 through 12.
* Hampton Elementary School, serving more than 250 students in pre-kindergarten and 6
# Jürgen Kaube

Jürgen Kaube (born 19 June 1962) is a German journalist and one of four editors-at large of the leading german conservative newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ).

## Life and journalism

Kaube was born 1962 in the Westgerman town of Worms and studied philosophy at the Free University Berlin. He was an assistant of Niklas Luhmann. Kaube works as a journalist since 1992 and became an editor-at large for culture of the FAZ in 2015. In 2014, Rowohlt Verlag published his biography of Max Weber, Max Weber. Ein Leben zwischen den Epochen, which focused on Weber's interactions with the cultural environment that he lived in.
# Let the Heartaches Begin

"Let the Heartaches Begin" is a song performed by British singer Long John Baldry. The single was a number one hit in the UK Singles Chart on 22 November 1967 where it stayed for two weeks. It was the second of two consecutive UK number one hits for the writing partnership of Tony Macaulay and John Macleod. The title of the B-side song is "Annabella (Who Flies To Me When She's Lonely)".

## Composition and recording

An early version of the song was written by Tony Macaulay a few years before it was recorded by Long John Baldry. Baldry was originally a blues singer, but he did not have much chart success for ten years. In 1967 he moved from United Artists to Pye Records to pursue a more pop-oriented recording career. Macaulay was tasked with writing songs for him by Pye managing director Louis Benjamin.
Macaulay met with Baldry to write the songs. Their initial attempt at writing failed to produce a satisfactory song until Macaulay remembered "Let the Heartaches Begin" that he had previously written. While they were writing the song, they were joined by John Macleod, who had just written with Macaulay a hit song "Baby Now That I've Found You" for The Foundations. McLeod wrote the second verse, as well as adding a chord or two. Macaulay was not certain that the song could be successful, and he credited Macleod's input including his orchestration for turning the song into one that became a hit.
The song was recorded first with a live orchestra, with orchestral arrangement by Macleod. Baldry then added the vocal, although as a bluesman he was not used to singing the notes exactly as written on the bar line. He drank brandy copiously while he was recording the vocal, which contributed to the seemingly emotional quality of the sound. Macaulay said of the recording session: "Long John Baldry sings it extraordinarily well, thanks to three-quarters of a bottle of Courvoisier". The song was mixed five times in one day.

## Chart performance

The song reached top 10 the second week it was released, and on November 22, 1967, it reached No. 1 after Baldry appeared on Top of the Pops, replacing as No. 1 "Baby Now That I've Found You" that was also written by Macaulay and Macleod. The song also charted in the United States, peaking at No. 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of 20 January 1968, and in the Republic of Ireland, where the song reached No. 2 in the charts.

## Charts

| Chart (1967–1968) | Peak position |
| Australia (Go-Set) | 14 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 2 |
| New Zealand (Listener) | 20 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 1 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 88 |
# Combat Cars

Combat Cars is a vehicular combat racing game developed by Scangames and published by Accolade, and released for the Sega Genesis in 1994.

## Gameplay

The player races against other cars and can use various kinds of weapons and gadgets to damage their opponents. The game contains eight playable characters: Jackyl, Sadie Marks, Ray Shades, Mekmac, Metro 1200, Growl, Big Bad Mama and Andrew Alien. Each character has his/her own strengths and weaknesses (speed, car handling, etc.), as well as unique weapons, including a shotgun, glue spots that they can leave to slow other cars, homing missiles, mines, and others. There are 24 different tracks available in the game. The player earns money for winning or placing in races, and this money is used to calculate their score. As the player spends this money on upgrades for their vehicle, their score lowers accordingly.
The player must complete the 24 circuit tracks in multiple laps in linear fashion within a time limit if the player can reach the only checkpoint (which is the start/finish line) in a race to extend the time limit, and should the player run out of time or fail a race, the game is over. The player then must enter their name onto the scoreboard, the background being the type of environment the last race took place. After entering their name, the game resets to the SEGA introduction screen. The game also has a 2-player co-op mode.

## Development

Combat Cars was originally developed by Scangames in 1992 as Fun Car Rally. The game's art was done by Stefan Holmqvist. Scangames sold the game to Accolade through MagiCom (later Funcom). However, Accolade wanted the game to have a "cooler" appearance, so the game was renamed Combat Cars, the eight playable characters were redesigned, and weapons were added. John Carehag composed the soundtrack in Microsoft Works in five to six weeks. It was mostly inspired by 2 Unlimited, of which he had a cassette in his Walkman. The exceptions were the main menu and character select screens, which were inspired by "What Is Love" by Haddaway, and the Beach circuit track, which was based on "Justify My Love" by Madonna. Carehag had about 8 minutes to make the former tracks.

## Reviews

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Consoles + | 85% |
| Computer and Video Games | 67% |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 6.6 |
| Mean Machines Sega | 71% |
Combat Cars received average reviews upon release. Mean Machines Sega described the game as "unexpectedly addictive" and enjoyable due to its variety of tracks and two-player mode, but found the game's graphics to be "competent but unsurprising", the cars to have "lacklustre special powers", and critiqued the lack of track customisation or editing. Computer & Video Games enjoyed the "pop techno" music but found that the "slidey" control system and "bland" sprites spoiled the game's fun. Electronic Gaming Monthly found the game to be "a blast with two drivers", although noting some of the variety of cars had "unfair advantages" over others.
# Hardin County Schools

Hardin County Schools (HCS) is an American school district headquartered in a portion of Radcliff, Kentucky that has an Elizabethtown mailing address. It serves most of Hardin County. However areas in Elizabethtown are instead zoned to Elizabethtown Independent School District. Additionally Fort Knox residents are zoned to Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools.

## History

In 2020 the county school district absorbed the former West Point Independent School District.

## Schools
### Middle-high schools

* College View Campus

### High schools

* Central Hardin High School
* John Hardin High School
* North Hardin High School
* Hardin County Schools Early College and Career Center

### Middle schools

* Bluegrass Middle School
* East Hardin Middle School
* J. T. Alton Middle School
* North Middle School
* West Hardin Middle School

### Elementary schools

* Cecilia Valley Elementary School
* Creekside Elementary School
* G. C. Burkhead Elementary School
* Heartland Elementary School
* Lakewood Elementary School
* Lincoln Trail Elementary School
* Meadow View Elementary School
* New Highland Elementary School
* North Park Elementary School
* Radcliff Elementary School
* Rineyville Elementary School
* Vine Grove Elementary School
* Woodland Elementary School
# May 1921 geomagnetic storm

The three-day May 1921 geomagnetic storm, also known as the New York Railroad Storm, was caused by the impact of an extraordinarily powerful coronal mass ejection on Earth's magnetosphere. It occurred on 13–15 May as part of solar cycle 15, and was the most intense geomagnetic storm of the 20th century.
Since it occurred before the extensive interconnectivity of electrical systems and the general electrical dependence of infrastructure in the developed world, its effect was restricted; however, its ground currents were up to an order of magnitude greater than those of the March 1989 geomagnetic storm which interrupted electrical service to large parts of northeastern North America.

## Effects

The storm's electrical current sparked a number of fires worldwide, including one near Grand Central Terminal which made it known as the "New York Railroad Storm". Contemporary scientists estimated the size of the sunspot (AR1842) which began on May 10—and caused the storm—as 151,000 by 34,000 km (94,000 by 21,000 miles).
The storm was extensively reported in New York City, which was a center of telegraph activity as a railroad hub. Auroras ("northern lights") appeared throughout the eastern United States, creating brightly lit night skies. Telegraph service in the U.S. first slowed and then virtually stopped at about midnight on 14 May due to blown fuses and damaged equipment. Radio propagation was enhanced during the storm due to ionosphere involvement, however, enabling unusually good long-distance reception. Electric lights were not noticeably affected.
Undersea telegraph cables were affected by the storm. Damage to telegraph systems was also reported in Europe and the Southern Hemisphere.

### Comparison to other geomagnetic storms

In space weather, the disturbance storm time index (Dst index) is a measure often used for determining the intensity of solar storms. A negative Dst index means that Earth's magnetic field is weakened—particularly the case during solar storms—with a more negative Dst index indicating a stronger solar storm.
A paper in 2019 estimated that the May 1921 geomagnetic storm had a peak Dst of −907±132 nT.
For comparison, the Carrington Event of 1859 had a peak Dst estimated to be between −800 nT and −1750 nT. The March 1989 geomagnetic storm had a peak Dst index of −589 nT.
# Bhor (film)

Bhor is an Indian Hindi-language film directed by Kamakhya Narayan Singh and Produced by Anjani Kumar Singh. It stars Nalneesh Neel, Saveree Sri Gaur, Devesh Ranjan, Pavleen Gujral. The movie is streaming on MX Player.

## Release

The film was released on 5 February 2021 on MX Player.

## Cast

* Nalneesh Neel
* Saveree Sri Gaur
* Pavleen Gujral
* Devesh Ranjan
* Annukampa Harsh
* Devendra Patel

## Premiere

* International Film Festival of India, Goa 2018 (November)
* Cairo International Film Festival, Cairo, Egypt 2019
* Indian Film Festival of Melbourne, Australia
* Indo-Germany Bollywood week
* Bengaluru International Film Festival, Bengaluru.
* Asian Film Festival, Pune
* Aurangabad International Film Festival
* Indian Panorama, Delhi
* Jharkhand International Film Festival, Ranchi
* India Habitat International Film Festival, Delhi
* Chalachitra, Guwahati
* Jagran Film Festival, Patna
* Jagran Film Festival, Ranchi
* Jagran Film Festival, Mumbai
* Azamgrah International Film Festival, Uttar Pradesh
* Kalinga International Film Festival, Bhubneshwar
* Raipur International Film Festival, Raipur,
* Woodpecker International Film Festival, Delhi
* Lonavla International Film Festival, Lonavla
* Siliguri International Film Festival, Chennai,
* India Panorama, Chennai
* India Panorama, Cochin

## Awards

* Won Best Director at Ottawa Indian Film Festival, Ottawa, Canada 2019
* Won Best Film Social Issue at Caleidoscope Indian Film Festival of Boston, 2020
* Won Best Actor in Negative Role at Caleidoscope Indian Film Festival of Boston, 2020
# James B. Frazier Jr.

James Beriah Frazier Jr. (June 23, 1890 – October 30, 1978) was a U.S. Democratic politician.

## Early life

Frazier was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. His father was James B. Frazier, who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1903 to 1905 and as a United States senator from Tennessee from 1905 to 1911. His mother was Louise Douglas (Keith) Frazier.
He was educated in the public schools and Baylor Preparatory School in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He attended the University of Virginia at Charlottesville and graduated from Chattanooga College of Law in 1914. Admitted to the bar in the same year, he began his practice of law in Chattanooga.

## Career

During the First World War, Frazier volunteered for service in the United States Army on April 21, 1917, and was discharged as a major in March 1919. Frazier was appointed United States attorney for the eastern district of Tennessee on September 25, 1933, and served until his resignation on April 12, 1948. He married Elizabeth Hope on March 30, 1939, and they had one daughter, Elizabeth Hope Frazier.
Elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee, Frazier served from January 3, 1949 to January 3, 1963. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth Congress, and resumed the practice of law in Chattanooga.
He was a signatory to the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education.

## Death

Frazier died in Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tennessee, on October 30, 1978 (age 88 years, 129 days). He is interred at Forest Hills Cemetery, Chattanooga, Tennessee.
# Evening Telegraph

Evening Telegraph is a common newspaper name, and may refer to:
* Evening Telegraph (Dundee), Scotland
* Evening Telegraph (Dublin), Ireland, published 1871–1924.
* Coventry Evening Telegraph, England, now the Coventry Telegraph
* Derby Evening Telegraph, England, now the Derby Telegraph
* Grimsby Evening Telegraph, England, now the Grimsby Telegraph
* Northamptonshire Evening Telegraph, England
* Peterborough Evening Telegraph, Cambridgeshire, England
* Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, Pennsylvania, United States, published 1864–1918
* The Evening Telegraph (Charters Towers), Queensland, Australia, published 1901–1921
# Trop v. Dulles

Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to revoke citizenship as a punishment for a crime. The ruling's reference to "evolving standards of decency" is frequently cited in Eighth Amendment jurisprudence.
Albert Trop was a natural born citizen of the United States who, while serving as a private in the United States Army in 1944, escaped from an Army stockade in Casablanca, Morocco. The next day, he willingly surrendered to an army officer and was taken back to the base, where he was subsequently court-martialed, convicted of desertion, and sentenced to three years at hard labor, forfeiture of pay, and a dishonorable discharge.
In 1952, Trop applied for a US passport, which was denied because §401(g) of the Nationality Act of 1940 provided that members of the armed forces of the United States who were convicted and dishonorably discharged for wartime desertion would lose their citizenship.
Trop filed suit in US federal courts seeking declaratory judgment that he was a US citizen.
The US district court ruled in favor of the government, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld the decision of the district court. The Supreme court granted certiorari. The petitioner was represented by Osmond K. Fraenkel.

## Decision

The Supreme Court reversed. The decision, written by Chief Justice Earl Warren, cited Perez v. Brownell. In Perez the Court had held that citizenship could be divested in the exercise of the foreign affairs power. However, "denationalization as a punishment is barred by the Eighth Amendment," describing it as "a form of punishment more primitive than torture" as it inflicts the "total destruction of the individual's status in organized society." Further, the Court declared that the Eighth Amendment's meaning of cruel and unusual must change over time and "must draw its meaning from the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society".
Noting that "the civilized nations of the world are in virtual unanimity that statelessness is not to be imposed as punishment for crime”, the Court says that some countries allow expatriation of naturalized citizens who "engage in conduct in derogation of native allegiance".
Dissenting, Justice Felix Frankfurter noted that desertion from the military can be punished by the death penalty, leading him to ask, "Is constitutional dialectic so empty of reason that it can be seriously urged that loss of citizenship is a fate worse than death?". Frankfurter notes a case was decided that very day upholding loss of citizenship as a consequence of marrying a foreigner. He say it is "incongruous" for loss of citizenship to be "cruel and unusual" only when imposed as a consequence for criminal conduct.

## Notelist

* ↑ A 1944 amendment modified the Act such that a deserter would lose his citizenship only if, on these grounds, he had been dishonorably discharged or dismissed from the military.