# Rhino Camp Refugee Settlement

Rhino Camp Refugee Settlement is a refugee camp located in the districts of Madi-Okollo and Terego District (which were formerly part of Arua District) in North Western Uganda.

## Location and geography

Rhino settlement covers and approximated area of 225 km$^2$. It extends in Odupi, Omugo and Uriama sub-counties in Terego District.

## Background

It was opened in 1980 and expanded in the wake of the South Sudanese civil war to host the sudden influx of refugees into Northern Uganda.
As of January 2018, the settlement had 123,243 registered refugees, mostly South Sudanese, and continues to receive new arrivals.
As of 2021, Rhino camp hand the following number of refugees from different countries.
Residents of Rhino Refugee settlement :
| Country of origin | Number of refugees |
| South Sudan | 121,440 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 3,275 |
| Sudan | 836 |
| Rwanda | 49 |
| Burundi | 26 |
| Central African Republic | 12 |
| Kenya | 10 |
| Total | 125,648 |

## Education

Rhino camp Refugee settlement has seven zones which includes, Ofua Zone, Omugo Zone, Ocea Zone, Odobu Zone, Siripi Zone, Tika Zone and Eden Zone.
As of 2020 Rhino camp Refugee settlement has a few of the following schools which have been established in the various zones as follows:
Ofua Zone
* Amuru Primary School
* Royal Nursery and Primary School
* Cinya Primary School
* Ofua Secondary school
* Bright Star Primary School
* Alengo ECD
* Ofua 3 Primary School Project 25.
Omugo Zone
* Komoyo Primary school
* St Mary's Ociea Primary school
* St Luke Ayitu Primary School
* St Kizito Odra primary school
* St Luke widi secondary school
* Tinate ECD centre
* St Mary's ECD centre
* Loketa ECD centre
* St Mary's Ocia ECD centre
* St James ECD centre
Ocea Zone
* Yoro Primary School
* Hope Primary School
* Harmony CED
* Ocea Primary School
* Katiku Primary School
Siripi Zone
* Siripi Primary school
* Wanguru Primary School
* Ariwa Primary School
* Yelulu Primary School
* Ariaze Primary School
Tika Zone
* Tika Primary School
* Olujobo Primary School
Odobu Zone
* Odobu Primary School
* Wanyange Primary School
* Rhino Camp High Secondary School
Eden Zone
* Eden Primary School

## Health

Health concern is a growing demand as health conditions become more reported in the camp. With the large influx and continuous arrival of refugees, health centers have been crowded with the demanding numbers, hence causing delays in service providing and referrals.
The refugee health report ascertains that the number of deaths per 1,000 population across Palabek, Imvepi, Rwamwanja and Rhino Camp had the highest incidences of reports still suggests that the health conditions in Rhino camp is demanding.
In response, UNHCR supported 95 health facilities across 12 refugee hosting districts by 2017 that provided a total of 2,129,027 medical consultations in 2017 out of which 22% were to host population. ... There were 19 maternal death across all refugee settlements which were all investigated and documented.
Local reports from the RWC (Refugee welfare council) still out cries for a better and professionalized mode of treatment, they continued to demand for more local language speaking volunteers to be added to the hospital as language aids hence increasing communication efficiency between the patients (Refugees) and the medical officers
Rhino camp refugee has a number of mini health facilities:
1. Ocea Zone, Ocea Health Center 2
2. Siripi Zone, Siripi Health Center 3
3. Odobu Zone, Odobu Health Center 2
4. Tika Zone, Olujobu Health Center 3
5.Ofua Zone, Ofua Health Center 3
6. Omugo Zone, Omugo Health Center 3
7. Omugo Health Center IV
8. Ocia Health Center 3

## Agriculture

Some of the refugees grow cash crop such as Tobacco while others grow food crops. And also some rear animals such as goats

## Water

According to the Uganda Refugee Response Monitoring Settlement Fact Sheet: Rhino Camp (January 2018), there are few water sources and difficult-to-pump boreholes contribute to long wait times for refugees to access water. Poor-quality ground water means expensive piped water networks have to be constructed; with the settlement dependent on water provisioning through trucking as construction is ongoing. Additionally, the quality of water from the tanks is poor, with reports of occasional contamination.
The other water sources in Rhino Camp refugee Settlement Arua District include:
* Boreholes in all the seven Zones of Rhino Camp Refugee Settlement
* Motorized Solar Power Borehole
* Water solar pump system which pumps water and produces 200,000-300,000 litres of water per day helping to raise the amount of water each refugee household gets from the initial average of 5-7 litres per day to 18 litres per person per day.
* Water trucking
* The main organization dealing with water in Rhino camp is Danish refugee council.

## Environment/Natural resources

Two settlements of Rhino camp and Imvepi host 13% of the refugee population with majority women, children and youth hailing from South Sudan.
With the intense pressure on natural resources, refugees are conflicting with host communities on natural resources for survival, there is increased degradation of soils, water, tree cover leading to high temperatures, low water table, drought, irregular rainfall patterns, low crop yields, heavy winds that cause intense destruction to the temporary houses and food crops among others. With support from CARE International in Uganda, Rural Initiative for community West Nile, a local NGO based in Arua district in West Nile Sub region initiated climate action programs like planting of trees, recycling non biodegradable materials, and others. The refugees were also bedeviled with the inability to access natural energy when the need arises. This situation will spur them to rely heavily on unclean and nonrenewable energy sources such as charcoal, wood, traditional biomass, and kerosene which will eventually pollute the environment as these energy sources can emit high intensity of carbon content
Rhino camp is divided in to main regions, Upper Rhino and Lower Rhino, and each of these different segments of Rhino camp refugee settlement have a diverse texture and terrain in its lands, for example the upper part of Rhino which includes, Ofua zone, Omugo, Amuru and the rest has a rocky terrain, and the lower Rhino which includes Ocea zone, Eden zone, Odobu zone and the rest has a sandy terrain of soils which affects the farming.

## Social work environment

Rhino camp refugee settlement has been blessed with numerous and yet sprouting community led initiatives that work tirelessly alongside other partners and donors in levying support in different thematic areas to the refugees. These community based initiatives are organized and recognized by the Office of the prime minister Uganda and work under a district directive. These initiatives seek to provide a platform for refugees in skills development, peace building and social cohesion, gender equality, entrepreneurship and livelihood, education, health etc.
Some of the youths in rhino camp have been trained on how to make briquettes to improve their status of living by different organization like Kulika-Uganda, YSAT.

## Relocation

Due to the current influx of refugees, Rhino camp settlement has been a host to 116,000 refugees with more still coming.
Upon arrival, refugees are registered and sent to reception centers where their data is taken and then they are transferred or relocated to settlements.
They receive social amenities and domestic items which include blankets, mats, solar lights, saucepans, and food.
pollution