# Monica Ali

Monica Ali CBE FRSL (Bengali: মনিকা আলী; born 20 October 1967) is a British writer of Bangladeshi and English descent. In 2003, she was selected as one of the "Best of Young British Novelists" by Granta based on her unpublished manuscript; her debut novel, Brick Lane, was published later that year. It was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize. It was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name. She has also published four other novels. Her fifth novel, Love Marriage, was published by Virago Press in February 2022 and became an instant Sunday Times bestseller.
Ali was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2024 Birthday Honours for services to literature.

## Early life and education

Ali was born in Dhaka, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), 1967 to a Bangladeshi father and an English mother. When she was three, her family moved to Bolton, England. Her father is originally from the district of Mymensingh. She went to Bolton School and then studied philosophy, politics and economics at Wadham College, Oxford.

## Brick Lane

Brick Lane is a street at the heart of London's Bangladeshi community. Ali's 2003 novel of the same name follows the life of Nazneen, a Bangladeshi woman who moves to London at the age of 18, to marry an older man, Chanu. They live in Tower Hamlets. At first her English consists only of sorry and thank you; the novel explores her life and adaptations in the community, as well as the character of Chanu, and their larger ethnic community. An additional narrative strand covers the experiences of Nazneen's sister, Hasina, through the device of her correspondence.

### Reception

Upon release, Brick Lane was generally well-received among the British press. In the November/December 2003 issue of Bookmarks, the book was scored 3.5 out of 5 stars. The Herald assessed reviews as the "critical thermometer" of "Hot". The magazine's verdict reads: "Ali displays the lightest touch. Her descriptions of teenage moodiness, of young men's braggadocio, and mid-life disillusion, of family outings and women's shopping trips, are acute, original, and loving".
The Observer described Chanu as "one of the novel's foremost miracles: twice her age, with a face like a frog, a tendency to quote Hume and the boundless doomed optimism of the self-improvement junkie, he is both exasperating and, to the reader at least, enormously loveable." Geraldine Bedell wrote in The Observer that the "most vivid image of the marriage is of her [Nazneen] cutting her husband's corns, a task she seems required to perform with dreadful regularity. [Her husband] is pompous and kindly, full of plans, none of which ever come to fruition, and then of resentment at Ignorant Types who don't promote him or understand his quotations from Shakespeare or his Open University race, ethnicity and class module."
Brick Lane was well received by critics in the United Kingdom and the United States, and was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize.
However, the novel provoked controversy within the Bangladeshi community in Britain. Some groups thought Ali had negatively portrayed people from the Sylhet Division, as they constitute the majority of the Bangladeshi immigrants living in the Brick Lane community.

### Film adaptation

When production was underway in 2006, some of the Bangladeshi community opposed Ruby Films' intention to film parts of the novel in the Brick Lane area. They formed the Campaign Against Monica Ali's Film Brick Lane. There were also demonstrations against the filming of Brick Lane by the Bangladeshi community in Brick Lane due to the films negative and stereotyped portrayal of the area and the Bangladeshi community more broadly, and as Sociologist Claire Alexander argues, due to it ignoring the areas rich, layered, and subaltern histories in favour of viewing the area through a essentialist, racialised, and prejudiced lens.
The writer and activist Germaine Greer expressed support for the campaign, writing in The Guardian:
   As British people know little and care less about the Bangladeshi people in their midst, their first appearance as characters in an English novel had the force of a defining caricature ... [S]ome of the Sylhetis of Brick Lane did not recognise themselves. Bengali Muslims smart under an Islamic prejudice that they are irreligious and disorderly, the impure among the pure, and here was a proto-Bengali writer with a Muslim name, portraying them as all of that and more.
Greer criticised Monica Ali's "lack of authenticity", as she had never spent much time in the Brick Lane community, and no longer spoke the Bengali language fluently. The writer Salman Rushdie criticised Greer for getting involved, saying that her statements were "philistine, sanctimonious, and disgraceful, but ... not unexpected."

## Love Marriage

After a ten-year hiatus, during which Ali suffered a "loss of confidence" according to an interview in The Guardian, she returned with her fifth novel, Love Marriage. Described in The Times' culture section as a "literary love story", the book is set in London in 2016–2017, and tells the story of Yasmin Ghorami, a 26-year-old junior doctor, who is engaged to be married to fellow doctor, Joe Sangster. In the same article, journalist Rosie Kinchen argues that we are living in "a time when feelings are so fraught and people seem to be itching to taking offence", going on to say "This is precisely why it's a good time to have her back. Nuance is one of Ali's greatest skills; she can lay out a character's flaws, self-delusions and inconsistencies and then make you love them anyway."
In a review in The Times Literary Supplement, novelist Tash Aw described it as a "rich, sensitive and gloriously entertaining novel...brimming with extremely funny moments of excruciating social comedy." Writing in The Financial Times, novelist Susie Boyt called it "wildly entertaining…a bold and generous book". David Sexton in the Sunday Times concurred, describing Love Marriage as:
'Enormously satisfying in its inventions and observations, and its exploration of cultural diversity in Britain. At once touching and satirical…engrossing and enjoyable'.
Critical responses were overwhelmingly positive, propelling the novel into The Sunday Times' bestseller list in its first week of publication. Ali announced on her website that television rights to Love Marriage had been sold to New Pictures after a 'heated auction', and that it is currently in development with the BBC.
In 2023, Love Marriage was shortlisted for the Comedy Women in Print Prize.

## Views

Ali opposed the British government's attempt to introduce the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006. She discussed this in her contribution to Free Expression Is No Offence, a collection of essays published by Penguin in association with English PEN in 2005.
Ali coined the term of "marketplace for outrage" in an article in The Guardian in which she gives her response to events around the filming of Brick Lane.
From 2015 to 2020, Ali served as a trustee for the Saint Giles Trust, a charity which helps ex-offenders and other marginalised people, and wrote about the need to help newly-released prisoners.
In 2020, Ali was appointed Patron of Hopscotch Women's Centre, a charity that was originally set up by Save the Children to support ethnic minority families who had come to join their partners in the UK. The organisation became independent in 1998 and continues to empower women and girls to achieve their full potential.

## Marks & Spencer's campaign

In 2013, Ali was announced as one of several new models for Marks & Spencer's 'Womanism' campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign saw Ali appear alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer Ellie Goulding, double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer Nicola Adams, and actress Helen Mirren.

## Personal life

Ali lives in South London with her husband, Simon Torrance, a management consultant. They have two children.

## Books

* Brick Lane (2003), Doubleday
* The Weekenders: Adventures in Calcutta (short story), Ebury (2004)
* The End of the Affair (introduction), Vintage Classics (2004)
* Free Expression is No Offence (essay), English PEN (2005)
* Alentejo Blue (2006), Doubleday
* The Painter of Signs (introduction), Penguin Classics (2006)
* In the Kitchen (2009), Doubleday
* Untold Story (2011), Scribner
* Dangerous Edges of Graham Greene (afterword), Continuum (2011)
* Closure: Contemporary Black British Short Stories (short story), Peepal Tree (2015)
* Refugee Tales III (essay), Comma Press (2019)
* Love Marriage (2022), Little, Brown