OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Patrick Stuart, 8th Earl Castle Stewart

(Arthur) Patrick Avondale Stuart, 8th Earl Castle Stewart (18 August 1928 – 21 November 2023), styled Viscount Stuart from 1944 to 1961, was a nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland.

## Early life and education

The third son of Arthur Stuart, 7th Earl Castle Stewart, and his wife Eleanor May, daughter of Solomon Guggenheim and Irene Rothschild, he became his father's heir apparent after the death of his two elder brothers during the Second World War. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree from the latter in 1950. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Scots Guards on 1 January 1949 and was promoted to lieutenant on 31 May 1951.

## Career

From 1967 to 1997, Stuart was vice-president of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, and served on the advisory board of the Peggy Guggenheim Collection as vice-president from 1980 to 2011 and president from 2011 to 2013. He was also a trustee of The Christian Community in the United Kingdom from 1973 to 2001; a fellow of the Chartered Management Institute; and chair of the Foundation for International Security from 2000 to 2007.

## Family

In 1952 Stuart married his first wife, Edna Fowler (d. 2003), daughter of the land agent and surveyor William Edward Fowler, of Harborne, Birmingham. They had two children:
* Andrew Richard Charles Stuart, 9th Earl Castle Stuart (b. 1953), who married Annie Yvette le Poulain in 1973 (divorced in 2002) and has one daughter. In 2009 married second wife, Carol Ann Reid, a civil servant from Somerset.
* Bridget Ann Stuart (b. 1957), who married Robert William Wadey in 1990 and has one daughter
In 2004, Stuart married his second wife, Gillian Savill. She was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of County Tyrone in 2010; she is also a freeman of the City of London and a member of the Peggy Guggenheim Collection Advisory Board. Through marriage to Gillian, he has three step-children Elizabeth Maclean, Emma Lochery and Katherine Primus, as well as 3 grandchildren. Following the death of Patrick Stuart in November 2023, his wife is now styled Gillian Stuart, Dowager Countess Castle Stewart.
Stuart succeeded his father as Earl Castle Stewart in 1961. In 2013 Patrick lent his DNA to a University of Strathclyde study that confirmed his descent from Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland. Thus he was the senior living member of the royal Stewart family, descended in a legitimate male line from Robert II of Scotland.
Stuart died on 21 November 2023, at the age of 95.
# False Olaf

The False Olaf was a man executed on 28 October 1402 for impersonating King Olaf II of Denmark and Norway, who had died as a teenager in 1387. Condemned for treason, he was sentenced to be burned wearing a necklace of his letters.
The Prussian chronicler Johann von Posilge, parish priest of Deutsch Eylau (Iława), reported in about 1420 that a poor sick man came to that region in 1402 and stayed near the village of Graudenz (now Grudziądz in Poland). A group of Danish merchants asked him if he was not well known in Denmark, since he looked very much like the late King Olaf. The merchants left to find another who had seen the real king and returned with him. When the newcomer saw the one they took for Olaf, he cried out, "My lord king!" There was already a popular belief, especially in Norway, that Olaf's mother, Margaret I of Denmark, had poisoned him so that she could continue to rule as regent, and even a rumour that he had hid himself and escaped. News of the man in Graudenz reached another merchant, Tyme von der Nelow, who took the man to Danczik (now Gdańsk). The high born of the town welcomed Olaf as the rightful king of Denmark and Norway and gave him fine clothes and presents. A seal was made for him, and he wrote to Queen Margaret demanding the restoration of his lands and titles. Queen Margaret wrote back, saying that if he could prove himself her son, she would gladly accept him.
The Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Konrad von Jungingen escorted the pretender to Kalmar to be interviewed by the Queen. As soon as the man arrived, he was discovered to be an impostor. He could speak not a single word of Danish and, on questioning, admitted he was a Bohemian immigrant to Prussia and the son of peasants Wolf and Margaret from Erlau (now Eger). The false Olaf was taken to Lund in Scania. There, he admitted to his breach against the monarchy and was condemned to be burned at the stake. The letters he wrote to Queen Margaret were hung around his neck and a mock crown placed on his head before he was lowered into the flames. His possessions were given to a monastery, and the Queen had the false Olaf's seal destroyed. The Danish Council of the Realm released a detailed explanation of the real Olaf's death in 1387 to contradict the story that had spread around the Baltic.
In 2024, medieval historian Richard Cole wrote about "the relative amateurishness of the scheme" and concluded that "it belongs to a broader genre of hapless intervention that occurs when mercantile interests (or the interests of capital) fail to grasp properly the workings of governments."
# Orson Hyde Memorial Garden

The Orson Hyde Memorial Garden is a 5.5 acres (0.022 km$^2$) park on the Mount of Olives in East Jerusalem, The occupied West Bank. The park was inaugurated on October 24, 1979, by the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), Spencer W. Kimball. The garden is dedicated to the memory of Orson Hyde, an early apostle in the church who visited Jerusalem and offered a prayer on October 24, 1841, dedicating the Holy Land for the return of the Jews.
A plaque inscribed with the prayer by Hyde in English and Hebrew once stood in the park; it was removed due to vandalism. The creation of the memorial garden and an agreement by the LDS Church not to proselytise in Israel played an important part in overcoming local opposition to the construction of BYU Jerusalem Center.
The park features a 150-seat stone amphitheatre, and is noted for its views of the Kidron Valley and the Old City of Jerusalem.
# Wagon tragedy

The wagon tragedy, also known as wagon massacre, was an incident which occurred during the Malabar rebellion against British colonial rule in India that led to the deaths of 70 Indian prisoners. In 1921, a rebellion against British colonial rule by Mappila Muslims broke out in the Malabar District of British India. Following the rebellion, 100 Mappila prisoners who had been taken into custody were ordered by the colonial authorities to be transferred from the Malabar Coast to Podanur as the jails in the Malabar District were overcrowded. Thousands of Mappila prisoners were transported to other regions of British India during and after the rebellion via train, though they were typically transported in open-air carriages in order to prevent suffocation.
However, for unknown reasons, the 100 prisoners (who were being transported in November of that year) were sent to Podanur in a closed train carriage by the sergeant and transport officer in charge of their detention and transfer. On 10 November, they were moved into the carriage and the train set off for Podanur. Air soon ran out in the carriage and several prisoners began to die due to asphyxiation. By the time the train arrived at the Podanur Junction railway station on 19 November, the carriage was opened by local authorities, who discovered that 64 prisoners had died.
The 36 surviving prisoners were taken to a nearby hospital, where a further six died of their injuries, bringing the total death toll up to 70. A prisoner later described his experiences on the train while it was in transit: "we were perspiring profusely and we realized that air was insufficient and we could not breathe. We were so thirsty that some of us licked the perspiration from our clothes. I saw something like gauze over the door with very small holes so that no air could come in. Some of us tried to put it away but we were not strong enough."
When news of the incident came out, there was a public outcry in British India at the colonial authorities over their perceived negligence. Several prominent Muslims dispatched telegraphs to British colonial officials in Delhi, including the Earl of Cromer, who demanded an investigation. The British responded by opening an inquiry into the deaths, which eventually convicted and sentenced the carriage manufacturer, transport officer and sergeant for negligence in sending the prisoners to Podanur in a closed carriage instead of an open-air one. The incident ultimately contributed to an increase in support for the Indian independence movement. A memorial to the incident was subsequently constructed at Tirur.
# Samuel Ellis (English cricketer)

Samuel Ellis (23 November 1851 – 28 October 1930) was an English first-class cricketer, who played as an amateur for an England XI against The Players of the North in 1878, and in two matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1880, against the touring Australians and Derbyshire.
Born in Dewsbury, Yorkshire, England, Ellis was a right-handed batsman who scored 16 runs, with a best of 9, for an average of 3.20.
Ellis died in October 1930, in Milnthorpe House, Sandal Magna, Wakefield, Yorkshire.
# Jane Fallon

Jane Elizabeth Mary Fallon (born 9 December 1960) is an English author and television producer.

## Early life and education

Born as the youngest of five children in Harrow, northwest London, Fallon's family moved to Buckinghamshire when she was a child, and she grew up in a flat above her parents' newsagent's shop.
She was educated at St Bernard's Convent School in Slough, Berkshire, and University College London, where she studied history, graduating with a bachelor of arts in 1982. Alongside her studies, she started writing for the history department's magazine, for the university newspaper, London Student, and for Pi Magazine.

## Career

After her studies, she began working for a theatrical literary agency. After a few years there, she decided to become a freelance script reader and script editor for different theatrical productions and television, and in 1994, she advanced to become a producer on the series EastEnders. This was followed by a number of awarded series, such as This Life, 20 Things to Do Before You're 30, and Teachers.
By 2006, Fallon had decided to leave television and become a full-time novelist. A year later, she debuted with her first national bestseller, Getting Rid of Matthew. She has followed this with Got You Back, Foursome, The Ugly Sister, Skeletons, Strictly Between Us, My Sweet Revenge, Faking Friends, Tell Me a Secret, Queen Bee, Worst. Idea. Ever. and Just Got Real. Her books have been translated into more than 20 languages.
Her 2008 novel, Got You Back, was made into a musical titled Joyride, with music by the Swedish pop group Roxette. The world premiere took place in Sweden at Malmö Opera on 6 September 2024.
In 2011, Foursome was nominated for the Melissa Nathan Award for Romantic Comedy Fiction and in 2018, Faking Friends was nominated in the popular fiction category of the National Book Awards. In 2019, it was longlisted for the Comedy Women in Print Prize. In 2020 she was awarded an honorary fellowship of University College London.

## Personal life

Fallon has been in a relationship with comedian Ricky Gervais since 1982; they met while studying at University College London. The couple have lived together since 1984 and reside in Hampstead. Fallon's niece, Elsie Fallon, is an actress.

## Filmography (producer)

* EastEnders (1985–1994)
* This Life (1996–1997)
* Undercover Heart (1998)
* Massive Landmarks of the 20th Century (1999)
* Teachers (2001)
* 20 Things to Do Before You're 30 (2002)
* Single (2003)
# His Name Is George Floyd

His Name Is George Floyd: One Man's Life and the Struggle for Racial Justice is a 2022 biography about murder victim George Floyd written by Washington Post journalists Robert Samuels and Toluse Olorunnipa.

## Synopsis

The book uses the life of George Floyd and his murder by police officer Derek Chauvin as a lens through which to examine racism in the United States. It draws from interviews with Floyd's friends, family, and local community members. Floyd's ancestors are discussed—they worked as tenant farmers during the Reconstruction era. Aspects of Floyd's life, such as his parenting, drug addiction, and convictions, are covered. Race-related commentary about education housing segregation, incarceration, police brutality and terrorism in the United States is connected to the life of Floyd.

## Reception

His Name is George Floyd was awarded the 2023 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction with the following citation: "An intimate, riveting portrait of an ordinary man whose fatal encounter with police officers in 2020 sparked an international movement for social change, but whose humanity and complicated personal story were unknown." According to Book Marks, the book received a "rave" consensus, based on ten critic reviews: seven "rave", two "positive", and one "mixed".
The book was also a finalist for the 2022 National Book Award for Nonfiction, J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize, and Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography. Several organizations named it one of the top books of 2022, including TIME and Kirkus Reviews.
Kehinde Andrews of The Guardian praised the book's coverage of Floyd, saying that it "does not paint him as a saint but explains his flaws in the context of his experiences". Andrews approved of the authors' "valiant effort to use Floyd's story to educate society about the ills of structural racism", but suggested that they could have focused on a subject such as Breonna Taylor to draw attention to the lesser covered oppression of Black women in the United States.
In The Atlantic, Imbolo Mbue similarly praised the authors "for presenting Floyd as the complex character that he was". Mbue recommended the book as "expertly researched" and "a necessary and enlightening read", highlighting in particular passages that celebrate African American culture and "depict how much Floyd was loved and how much he loved back". However, Mbue criticized that the book could have "more pointedly" highlighted the "hypocrisy of governments and corporations and all manners of institutions" that showed support for the Black Lives Matter movements out of ulterior motives.
# Vikinglotto

Vikinglotto (formerly known in Denmark as Onsdags Lotto, "Wednesday Lotto", as Víkingalottó in Iceland, and formerly known in Lithuania as Vikingų Loto) is a partnership between the national lotteries of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Slovenia (in 2017) and Belgium (in 2020). Vikinglotto started in 1993 and was the first multi-national lottery in Europe.

## Tickets and draws

Draws are held at 20:00 CET every Wednesday evening, and they take place at Norsk Tipping in Hamar, Norway.
Tickets can be purchased online or from authorised retailers in each of the ten participating countries. The cost per combination varies in each member country, ranging from €1.00 (US$1.07) in Latvia to 90kr. (approximately €0.71) (US$8.51) in Iceland, and up to €10.00 ($10.68) in Belgium.

## Play

For every line or combination a player enters into the draw, they must select six numbers, which can be any distinct integers from 1 to 48. Then, they must also pick one bonus number, known as the Viking number, from between 1 and 5 (previously 8).
In the past drawings, two bonus numbers and one special number were drawn, but these were replaced by the Viking number in May 2017.
During the draw, six main numbers are drawn from 1 - 48 and the additional Viking number is drawn from a separate pool of 1 - 5 (again previously 8). As the Viking number is drawn from a different pool, the same number could appear twice in a single draw - once as a main number and once as the Viking number.

## Prize structure

The Vikinglotto jackpot starts at €3 million (US$3.2 million) and can grow to a maximum of €25 million (US$26.6 million) (previously €35 million). The jackpot and the second prize are shared between all participating countries on a pari-mutuel basis, and all contribute to the prize fund for these two tiers. Smaller prizes are determined nationally, using the remaining funds from ticket sales. This arrangement differs from EuroMillions and Eurojackpot, where all prize categories are common to all participating countries.
# Ali Hayan

Ali Mohamed Abdirahman "Ali Hayan" (Somali: Cali Maxamed Cabdiraxmaan "Cali Hayaan"; 1950 - 2013, Arabic: علي محمد عبدالرحمن - علي هيان), widely known as Ali Hayan, was a Somali politician, educator, and administrator. He held various prominent roles in Somalia's education and political sectors, including serving as the Director of the General Examinations Board of the Ministry of Education of Somalia from 1984 to 1991, Governor of the Nugaal Region from 1994 to 1996, and Director General of the Ministries of Interior and Security in Puntland span from 2002 to 2013.

## Early life and education

Ali Hayan was born in Gaalkacyo, the capital of Mudug region in 1950. After completing his primary education in Gaalkacyo in the mid 1960s, he went to Jamaal Abdinasir School in the capital, Mogadishu, for his secondary school education from 1966 to 1969.
Ali Hayan earned a bachelor's degree with a major in Arabic and a minor in geography from the faculty of education at Lafoole University. He also obtained master's degrees in the same field of education from Egypt and Kuwait in the 1980s.

## Career

From 1969 until the beginning of the 1970s, Hayan worked as a teacher in schools like Eylo School in the Jowhar District. After that, he managed schools in a number of Somali districts, including the town of Ceelbuur in the Galguduud Region.
Ali Hayan joined the Ministry of Education after graduating from Lafoole University and worked the department in charge of secondary schools. From 1984 to 1991, he served as the Chairman of the General Examinations Board of the Ministry of Education of Somalia. Ali gained national recognition for this job, particularly for his well-known signature on the secondary leaving certificates.
When the civil war broke out, Ali Hayan moved to Garoowe, the Nugaal region's capital, in 1993. There, he began the work of rebuilding the region’s educational system after the conflict had destroyed it. His attention was focused on restoring high-quality education in the region.
Ali Hayan served as the Governor of Nugaal Region from 1994 to 1996. He was also instrumental in forming of the Puntland state, which was eventually established in 1998 in Garoowe.
He worked with UNESCO twice, in 1999 and 2005, for developing a quality curriculum that was strengthening of the Somali education.
Ali Hayan has lately served as the Director General of Puntland Interior Ministry from 2002 to 2005 during Abdullahi Yusuf's presidency since later was appointed by President Adde Muse as Director general Puntland Security Minister from 2005 to 2009 after the president Farole succeeded Adde, Hayan continued his term until his death 2013.

## Death

Ali Hayan who was 63 years old, died in Garoowe on July 10, 2013. He ended up leaving 9 children and was known for his legacy of contributions to the Somali education sector.
# Sarah Corbett (poet)

Sarah Corbett (born 1970) is a British poet.
She graduated with a degree in English and sociology from the University of Leeds in 1992, an MA in creative writing from the University of East Anglia in 1998, and a PhD in creative and critical writing from the University of Manchester in 2013. She has published five collections of poetry, including the verse-novel, 'And She Was' (2015) and 'A Perfect Mirror' (2018). The Red Wardrobe won an Eric Gregory Award in 1998, and was shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize and Forward Prize. She is a lecturer at Lancaster University, having previously taught for the Open University.

## Awards

* 1997 Eric Gregory Award, The Red Wardrobe
# List of aircraft of Finland in World War II

This is a list of aircraft used by the Finnish Air Force during World War II. Finland operated a wide variety of aircraft during World War II from several countries. The main objective of the Finnish Air Force during World War II was to maintain air superiority over Finland to prevent Soviet aircraft reinforcing the advance of Soviet ground forces into Finland. However Finnish bombers did exist and provided support to Finnish ground troops. The Finnish Air Force caused far higher losses during the war to the Soviet Air force than they received, shooting down 1,621 Soviet aircraft as opposed to 210 Finnish aircraft shot down.

## Fighters

* Polikarpov I-15
* Gloster Gauntlet
* Gloster Gladiator
* Hawker Hurricane
* Messerschmitt Bf 109
* Morane-Saulnier M.S.406
* Fokker D.XXI
* Fiat G.50 Freccia
* Curtiss P-36 Hawk
* Brewster F2A Buffalo
* Caudron C.714
* Petlyakov Pe-3
* Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3
* Curtiss P-40 Warhawk
* VL Myrsky

## Bombers

* Tupolev SB
* Bristol Blenheim
* Dornier Do 17
* Junkers Ju 88
* Petlyakov Pe-2
* Fokker C.X

## Torpedo bombers

* Blackburn Ripon
* Dornier Do 22
* Heinkel He 115
* Fokker T.VIII

## Reconnaissance

* Aero A.11
* Beriev MBR-2
* Heinkel He 59

## Liaison/army cooperation

* Fieseler Fi 156 Storch
* Westland Lysander

## Transport

* Junkers Ju 52
* Douglas DC-2

## Trainers

* Polikarpov Po-2
* De Havilland Tiger Moth
* Avro Anson

## Prototypes

* VL Humu
* VL Pyörremyrsky