# Miriam Weiner (genealogist)

Miriam Weiner (/ˈwiːnər/) is an American genealogist, author, and lecturer who specializes in the research of Jewish roots in Poland and the former Soviet Union. Weiner is considered to be one of the pioneers of contemporary Jewish genealogy through her work to open up archives and is described as a trail-blazing, highly respected guide and leading authority on archival holdings and resources in pre-war Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, and Ukraine.

## Personal Life

Weiner was born in Los Angeles, California, to Edward (who grew up in St. Louis, Missouri) and Helen Weiner (who grew up In Tulsa, Oklahoma). Weiner's parents were married in Los Angeles, California and both passed away in Florida. Weiner grew up in Des Moines, Iowa.
Weiner's family comes from Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. Her surname, Weiner, was originally Vinokur.
In 1960, Weiner graduated from Theodore Roosevelt High School in Des Moines. She attended the University of Oklahoma and Drake University in Des Moines. In 1986, she received a B.A. in Historical Studies with a concentration in Modern Judaic History and Holocaust Studies from Empire State College, SUNY.
Since 1986, Weiner has been based out of Secaucus, New Jersey. She also has an apartment in Mohyliv-Podilskyi, in southern Ukraine, which she uses as a base to conduct research.

## Career
### Early career

After attending college, Weiner moved to Southern California and worked for the Orange County Sheriff's Department in Santa Ana, California. During this time, she also took courses in criminal justice at Orange Coast College.
From 1969 to 1971, she was country singer Bobbie Gentry's assistant and road manager. She got the job by answering an advertisement in the newspaper.
Weiner worked as a paralegal for various attorneys in Beverly Hills, California. Weiner was then licensed as a private investigator by the State of California, which she said helped her later in her “next life” as a genealogist. Weiner moved to Northern California and lived on a horse ranch and worked as a real estate agent. In 1984, Weiner moved to Albany, New York, where her mother was born and many family members still lived, while she finished her college degree.

### Genealogy

In 1985, with the recommendation of Rabbi Malcolm H. Stern, genealogist for the American Jewish Archives in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Fellow of the American Society of Genealogists, Weiner became the first Jewish genealogist to be certified by the Board for Certification of Genealogists in Washington, D.C. As part of the ongoing certification process, the Board for Certification of Genealogists has required intensive review and continuing education, resulting in separate renewals (every 5 years) of Weiner's genealogical work over 30+ years. In 2015, the Board for Certification of Genealogists awarded Miriam "Emeritus" status based upon a "long and distinguished career with BCG."
From 1986 to 1988, Weiner was executive director of the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors in New York City, which was founded by Benjamin Meed. Amongst her duties, Weiner helped develop the database of Holocaust survivors, now known as the Benjamin and Vladka Meed Registry of Holocaust Survivors, that is now housed at the United States Holocaust Memorial.
From 1987 to 1996, Weiner was a syndicated columnist, writing the column "Roots and Branches", which was published in more than 100 Jewish newspapers and periodicals, both domestically and internationally.
In 1988, inspired by reconnecting with her extended maternal family from Albany at a funeral, Weiner expanded the research of her family's roots with a renewed focus on Eastern Europe. This was before the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, when it was virtually impossible to obtain access to archives for genealogical purposes in that part of the world. In 1989, as a result of the genealogy research and outreach from Weiner's syndicated column, "Roots and Branches", the Polish National Tourist Office (PNTO) extended an invitation for Weiner to visit Poland for the purpose of meeting with the head archivists and also to make plans for subsequent Jewish tour groups to visit their ancestral towns in Poland. Weiner found that the perception that Jewish documents were completely destroyed during World War II by the occupation of Nazi and Soviet governments was untrue. Weiner gained permission from the head archivist in Poland to create a town-by-town index to surviving Jewish and civil documents in archives throughout Poland. She did this with the official cooperation of the Polish State Archives.

### Routes to Roots

In 1990, Weiner founded the company, Routes to Roots, which offered archival research services to individuals throughout the world. Through Routes to Roots, Weiner organized customized tours to ancestral towns for individuals and groups interested in Poland and the former Soviet Union, including Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Lithuania, and Poland. Weiner undertook these tours of ancestral towns at a time when there was little to no technology, and difficulties specific to Jewish genealogy included the lack of surnames until the late 1700s, the fluidity of surnames due to immigration and language, and the destruction of documents during The Holocaust. Through Routes to Roots, Weiner has conducted genealogical research in the archives of Poland and the former Soviet Union.

### Routes to Roots Foundation

In 1994, Weiner founded the Routes to Roots Foundation, a nonprofit organization. The Routes to Roots Foundation hosts a website which includes a town-by-town index and inventory of surviving Jewish and civil documents held at archives and institutions in Eastern Europe, Israel and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. The website includes articles by archivists, historians and scholars; maps; document examples; name lists for about a dozen towns; as well as other reference material. Much of this information now available online was originally published in two books by the Routes to Roots Foundation, although the books include additional detailed content and images. As part of the activities of the Routes to Roots Foundation, Weiner donated copies of the books to the individual archives in Poland, Ukraine, and Moldova in appreciation of their assistance and as a way to improve the discoverability of their holdings relating to Jewish genealogical sources. Weiner also donated copies of the books to Jewish genealogical organizations.

#### Jewish Roots in Poland

In 1997, in official cooperation with the Polish State Archives (Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych in Warsaw, Poland), Weiner authored and published the book, Jewish Roots in Poland. The book includes archival holdings of the Polish State Archives, the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, local town hall documents throughout Poland, Holocaust documents found in the archives of the death camps located in Auschwitz near Kraków and Majdanek near Lublin. The book also features document examples, maps, antique postcards depicting towns and daily life, and modern-day photographs. There are individual town listings for localities with more than 10,000 Jews in 1939. Zachary M. Baker, Head Librarian of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research stated, "This book is a testimony to its author's resourcefulness, years of hard work, persistence, and meticulous attention to detail. She has skillfully identified and addressed several gaps in Jewish genealogical and family historical literature. Jewish Roots in Poland provides the means for researchers to go out and "do it themselves," through its extensive chapters on Polish Jewish communities, on Polish state, municipal, and concentration camp archives and on the Jewish Historical Institute; and through its exhaustive bibliographies, abundant photographs, maps and lists of addresses. These features, taken together, promise to make this a very successful reference book."

#### Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova

In a recent interview with Weiner, Tasha Ackerman commented,"Miriam's work hasn’t been just about extracting documents; it’s been about building trust and forming relationships with archivists who were often skeptical and who sometimes took a risk in order to help Miriam on her mission. When she began her trips to Ukraine, Miriam faced the enormous challenge of not speaking the language while attempting something unprecedented in her field. In the early years of her work, particularly when visiting small villages, she knew she might be the first American that many archivists and residents had ever encountered. Compensating for her lack of Ukrainian language skills, she arrived with big smiles and hugs." In 1999, in official cooperation with the Ukraine State Archives (Ukraïnskyi derzhavnyi arkhiv) and the Moldova National Archives (Arhivă Naţională a Republicii Moldova), Weiner authored and published Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova. The book includes archival holdings of the Ukraine State Archives and its branch archives throughout the country and the Moldova National Archives in Chișinău as well as local town hall documents throughout Ukraine and Moldova. The book also features document examples, maps, antique postcards depicting towns and daily life, and modern-day photographs. There are individual town listings for localities throughout both countries.

#### Belarus and Lithuania

The Routes to Roots Foundation website also includes articles by archivists and historians, maps and archive data from Belarus and Lithuania, presented in a similar format as Weiner's two books. Originally envisioned as a third book in the Jewish Roots series, this information is only found online.

#### Routes to Roots Foundation Website Databases

Archive Database
An online Archive Database containing detailed information about archives listed in Weiner's books on Poland, Ukraine, and Moldova was published in 2002 on the Routes to Roots Foundation website. The Archive Database was then supplemented with similar data from Belarus, Lithuania, and selected archives in Romania. The database continues to be updated by Weiner.
Image Database
A drop-down menu of 2,215 images (antique postcard views from the 1920s and before; Jewish cemetery photos from around the world, Holocaust memorials and other town views) of 358 towns in six countries in Eastern Europe.
Surname Databases
Standard Surname Search (surname lists, archive documents, books) and OCR Surname Search (telephone books and business directories).
Holocaust Lists
A new database which includes known Holocaust Collections from select towns in Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland and Ukraine. Choose the town from the drop-down menu. Typical entry example: Town: Pruzhany District (Belarus); documents in Brest Oblast Archives; entry: 1944-1945 (PARTIAL LISTS OF DISTRICT RESIDENTS SHOT OR HANGED BY THE GERMAN OCCUPIERS; LISTS OF PERSONS DEPORTED TO GERMANY).
Maps
* JOG Maps (Joint Operations Graphic) - The JOG Maps are regional maps for cities, towns and villages throughout Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine. The original paper maps were scaled at 1:250,000 including names and details of even small villages, plus roads and railways, rivers and lakes, and wooded areas. Borders between administrative districts in effect at the time are also marked. Topography is indicated by color bands and contour lines.
* Soviet Town Plans - The Soviet Town Plans are full-color maps of selected major cities and towns in Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania and Ukraine, produced in the 1970s-80s. The maps are printed at 1:10,000 scale generally, clearly showing the footprints of individual buildings and other man-made and natural features, with topographic contours. Many maps include multiple sheets and full street name indexes. In Russian language and place name conventions.
* Individual Town & Region Maps - Individual Town & Region Maps are both black & white and color maps for major cities and smaller towns in Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania and Ukraine, produced primarily in the 1980s-2010. Many of these maps were produced by the local town architect; others came from various historians and archivists in the relevant countries.

### Additional work

Weiner is a former Advisory Board Member of the American Red Cross organization, Holocaust and War Victims Tracing and Information Center. Weiner lectures and gives workshops and has presented her research at Jewish genealogy organizations and events, both domestically and internationally.

## Legacy

Weiner has been described as "the Indiana Jones of prewar Polish Jewry." Weiner has discovered previously unknown archival holdings and then had this information translated and made available to the public via her books and website; in so doing, she has been described as “the genealogist who lifted the archival iron curtain.”
Weiner changed the perception that there were no Jewish ancestral documents available after The Holocaust. Because of her early travels to Eastern Europe, beginning in Poland in 1989 and Ukraine in 1990, and the time she spent working in the archives there, Weiner was able to debunk the myth that existed at that time, an assumption that all Jewish documents were destroyed during the Holocaust. With her column “Roots and Branches” and along with her lecture schedule, she made this discovery available and accessible to Jews throughout the world. In addition to finding that documents had survived, Weiner organized the information, pre-internet, so that it was easier for genealogists researching their families to find information about archives, museums, and libraries with family documents. The original data in the archives needed to be translated, coded by document type and manually entered into an organized format. The result was the Archive Database created by Weiner, which then became available to the public in her two books and via the Routes to Roots Foundation website.

### Donations of genealogical and archival material

Weiner has donated collected materials and organized research to various archives, institutions and organizations. The items include books, maps, town brochures, video cassettes, archive inventories, and document copies. Listed below are societies and organizations that have received donations of genealogical and archival material from Weiner:
* American Sephardi Federation
* Association of Holocaust Organizations
* Association of Jewish Libraries
* Center for Jewish History's Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute
* Center for Jewish History Collections
* Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv
* Chernivtsy Regional Welfare Fund In Chernivtsy, Ukraine
* Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society
* Jewish Genealogy Society of Greater Philadelphia
* JewishGen Bessarabia SIG Group
* JewishGen Belarus SIG Group
* Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, Poland
* JRI-Poland
* Judaica Foundation - Center For Jewish Culture in Kraków, Poland
* Latvian State Historical Archives (Latvijas Valsts Vēstures Arhīvs) in Riga, Latvia
* Library of Congress
* Lithuanian State Archives (Lietuvos Archyvų Departamentas) in Vilnius, Lithuania
* Russian American Jewish Experience
* St. Louis County Library
* Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine in Kyiv, Ukraine
* Yeshiva University and Yeshiva University's Sephardic Reference Room
* YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

### Partnership agreements

In 2009, the Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation, Inc. and The Generations Network, Inc. now known as Ancestry.com entered into a partnership agreement that granted Ancestry.com a semi-exclusive right and limited license to display the Archive Database and 1,200 images on the Ancestry.com website.
In April 2012, Weiner entered into a partnership with the Center for Jewish History in New York City, donating data from the Routes to Roots Foundation Eastern European Archival Database and Image Database for integration into the Center for Jewish History's online catalog. Weiner also became the Senior Advisor for Genealogy Services for the Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute at the Center for Jewish History.
In 2016, Weiner entered into partnerships with two JewishGen Special Interest Groups (SIGs) for Belarus and Bessarabia which involved the donation of research materials so it is available on each group's website.
Later that same year, Weiner entered into an agreement with the Library of Congress where she donated 95 volumes of telephone books for cities, towns and villages in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. After acquiring digital rights from Moldova, several of their telephone books were scanned are now accessible at the Library of Congress website via a surname search, as well as the RTRF website. Weiner's 90+ telephone book collection from cities and town in Ukraine were also scanned are now available at the Library of Congress website in a keyword searchable format.
Additionally, in that same year, Weiner entered into a license agreement with JRI-Poland where Weiner and the Routes to Roots Foundation will contribute extensive archive data, articles, name lists, and other reference material to be processed by JRI-Poland and placed on its website.
In 2018, Weiner entered into a partnership agreement with JewishGen and the Museum of Jewish Heritage: A Living Memorial to the Holocaust in New York City, wherein Weiner and the Routes to Roots Foundation contributed extensive material from Belarus and Moldova including archive inventories, archive documents, articles, name lists, maps, images, and other reference material that were subsequently placed on the JewishGen website.

## Awards

Miriam Weiner has won almost every award that there is to be given from numerous genealogy organizations. She has been called “A Rock Star in the Jewish Genealogy World,” "The Genealogist Who lifted the Archival Iron Curtain,” and “The First Lady of Jewish Genealogy.”
* 1988: Council of Genealogy Columnists, General Writing, Special Interest Writing Award
* 1990: The Lidman Prize Competition, Writing Award for "A Window Into the Past" in Outlook (Honorable Mention)
* 1991: Council of Genealogical Columnists, Writing Award
* 1991: Federation of Genealogical Societies, Distinguished Work in Genealogy & History
* 1991: National Genealogical Society, Individual Achievement
* 1999: International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies, Outstanding Contribution via Print Award: Miriam Weiner for Jewish Roots in Poland
* 1999: Jewish Book Council, National Jewish Book Award, Reference (Finalist) for Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova
* 2000: Neographics, Best of Category: Reference Books/Directories to Routes to Roots Foundation
* 2000: Association of Jewish Libraries, AJL Research and Special Libraries Division Reference Award for Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova
* 2000: International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies, Outstanding Contribution to Jewish Genealogy via Print for Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova
* 2003: International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies, Lifetime Achievement Award
* 2015: Board for Certification of Genealogists, Awarded Emeritus status
* 2017: Jewish Women's Archive Award, honored with Profile entry.
* 2019: National Genealogical Society, honored with the President's Citation.
* 2020: Federation of Genealogical Societies, honored with the Rabbi Malcolm H. Stern Humanitarian Award.
* 2023: National Genealogical Society, honored with the Genealogy in Tourism Award
* 2024: International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies, Outstanding Resource Award (RTRF Website)
* 2024: International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies, Outstanding Project/Resource/Program

## Works and publications

* Weiner, Miriam (December 1990). "Can You Name Your Eight Great-Grandparents?: Exploring Your Jewish Roots Leads to a Link with the Past." Moment Magazine, Washington DC. Vol. 15, no. 6.
* Kurzweil, Arthur; Weiner, Miriam, eds. (1991). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Genealogy. Northvale, NJ: J. Aronson. ISBN 978-0-87-668835-9. OCLC 609144865.
* Weiner, Miriam (1992). "Genealogy". In Fischel, Jack; Pinsker, Sanford (eds.). Jewish-American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland. pp. 198–206. ISBN 978-0-82-406622-2. OCLC 23654269.
* Weiner, Miriam; Polish State Archives (in cooperation with) (1997). Jewish Roots in Poland: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories. Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. ISBN 978-0-96-565080-9. OCLC 38756480.
* Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan National Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories. Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. ISBN 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.
* Weiner, CG, Miriam (Fall 2001). "Eastern European Archival Database Planned". Avotaynu. XVII (3): 1–2.
* Weiner, Miriam (2003). "Genealogical Resources in Ukraine" (PDF). In Sack, Sallyann Amdur; Mokotoff, Gary (eds.). Avotaynu Guide to Jewish Genealogy. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, Inc. ISBN 978-1-88-622316-5. OCLC 53254059.
* Weiner, Miriam (2007). "International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies" (PDF). In Skolnik, Fred (ed.). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. pp. 810–811. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
* Weiner, Miriam (2008). "Archives". In Hundert, Gershon David (ed.). The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30-011903-9. OCLC 608616449.

### Selected syndicated columns

* Weiner, Miriam, April 8, 1988, Yad Vashem Affirms Deaths
* Weiner, Miriam, May 1988, Digging Roots in a Dictionary
* Weiner, Miriam, September 1987, Glasnost and Genealogy
* Weiner, Miriam, January 1989, Ships of our Ancestors
* Weiner, Miriam, April 30, 1993, Family Reunion: Planning Ahead or Standing in Line at the Deli
* Weiner, Miriam, August 4, 1988, Passing on a Legacy of Love to the Next Generation
* Weiner, Miriam, January 1991, Search Bureau for Missing Relatives
* Weiner, Miriam, June 29, 1990, Soviet Jews Search for Family in Israel
* Weiner, Miriam, November 1988, The Other Ellis Island
* Weiner, Miriam, May 1987, Jewish Genealogy "By the Book"
* Weiner, C.G., Miriam (26 May 1989). "Ancestor Hunting in Spain". Jewish Transcript.
* Weiner, Miriam (21 March 1996). "Jewish Genealogy: An American Buys A "Second Home" in Ukraine". San Diego Jewish Times.
* Weiner, Miriam, December 1988, Is This My Dad?