# Ben Lear

Benjamin Lear (12 May 1879 – 1 November 1966) was a United States Army general who served in the Spanish–American War, Philippine Insurrection, World War I and World War II. He also competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

## Early career

Ben Lear was born in Hamilton, Ontario on 12 May 1879. His military service began in 1898, when he enlisted with the 1st Colorado Infantry, United States Volunteers, for the Spanish–American War as a first sergeant. He was promoted to second lieutenant during the Philippine–American War in the 1st Colorado and later in the 36th Infantry, USV, then joined the Regular Army as a sergeant at the end of the war. He subsequently served in World War I.
He was a 1912 Olympian, part of the equestrian team which won the bronze medal in the three-day team event.
Lear graduated from the Army School of the Line in 1922, the Army General Staff School in 1923, and the Army War College in 1926.
He was promoted to brigadier general in May 1936 and major general in October 1938. He commanded the 1st Cavalry Division from 1936 to 1938, and the Pacific Sector of the Panama Canal Zone from 1938 to 1940.

## World War II
### Stateside duty

Lear was promoted to lieutenant general in October 1940 and was commanding general of the U.S. Second Army from 20 October 1940 to 25 April 1943. As such, he was responsible for training a large number of U.S. soldiers during World War II. He became known as a strict disciplinarian. It was in the lead-up to the Louisiana Maneuvers of 1941 that Lear acquired the nickname "Yoo-Hoo". On July 6, 1941, Lear was playing golf at a country club in Memphis, Tennessee, in civilian clothes, when a convoy of 80 U.S. Army trucks carrying men of the 110th Quartermaster Regiment, 35th Division rolled past. The troops in the passing trucks subjected a group of women in shorts to a series of whistles and "lewd and obscene" catcalls.
Lear had the convoy stopped, telling the officers that their men's conduct was unacceptable and that they had disgraced the Army. Lear's punishment was to make every one of the 350 men in the convoy march 15 miles (24 km) of the 45-mile (72 km) trip back to Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas, in three five-mile sections. Many men straggled and a number collapsed in the 97 °F (36 °C) heat. There was a storm of public criticism of Lear's actions from people who felt that the soldiers had been harshly and collectively punished when many had done nothing wrong. The commander of the 35th Division, Major General Ralph E. Truman, was well-connected politically, his cousin being Senator Harry S. Truman, and some Congressmen called for Lear to be retired. However, in the eyes of the Army, the men's actions were not a case of sexual harassment, but of indiscipline, and no action was taken against Lear. The derogatory nickname "Yoo-Hoo" stuck.
During the Louisiana Maneuvers, Lear led his Second Army against the U.S. Third Army under Lieutenant General Walter Krueger. In these maneuvers, Lear judged Truman's control and discipline of his division to be unsatisfactory, making the decision to relieve him from his command. Lear continued in command of the Second Army until he was succeeded by Lieutenant General Lloyd Fredendall in April 1943.

### Retirement and recall to active duty

Lear was administratively retired in May 1943, having reached the mandatory retirement age of 64, but was immediately recalled to active duty to serve on the Personnel Board of the Secretary of War, retaining his rank of lieutenant general. He became Commanding General of the Army Ground Forces on 14 July 1944, shortly before Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair, his predecessor, was killed by friendly fire in Normandy on 25 July 1944.
After the German counter-attacks in the Ardennes intensifed the European Theater's manpower problems, Lear was appointed deputy commander of the European Theater of Operations, US Army, in January 1945. In part, he was responsible for the theater's manpower policies, and began to institute an overhaul of its replacement system; the war against Germany ended before the full benefits of his reforms could be realized, however.

## Retirement

Lear fully retired from the army in July 1945 and was promoted to four-star general on 19 July 1954 by a special act of Congress (Public Law 83-508). He settled in Memphis, Tennessee, after his retirement.
He died at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Murfreesboro, Tennessee on 1 November 1966 and was buried on 3 November 1966 in Arlington National Cemetery, Section 4, Grave 2690.

## Decorations and medals

* Army Distinguished Service Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster
* Silver Star
* Spanish War Service Medal
* Philippine Campaign Medal
* Army of Cuban Occupation Medal
* Army of Cuban Pacification Medal
* Mexican Border Service Medal
* World War I Victory Medal
* American Defense Service Medal
* American Campaign Medal
* European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with three service stars
* World War II Victory Medal
* Army of Occupation Medal
* Legion of Honour, Commandeur

## Promotions

| No pin insignia in 1898 | First sergeant, Volunteer Army: 1 May 1898 |
| No pin insignia in 1899 | Second lieutenant, Volunteer Army: 1 April 1899 |
| | First lieutenant, Volunteer Army: 12 July 1899 |
| No pin insignia in 1901 | Second lieutenant, United States Army: 12 June 1901 |
| | First lieutenant, United States Army: 9 December 1901 |
| | Captain, United States Army: 10 August 1912 |
| | Major, National Army: 5 August 1917 |
| | Lieutenant colonel, National Army: 26 January 1918 |
| | Colonel, temporary: 31 August 1918 |
| | Captain, Regular Army: 25 September 1919 |
| | Lieutenant colonel, Regular Army: 1 July 1920 |
| | Colonel, Regular Army: 19 September 1929 |
| | Brigadier general, Regular Army: 1 May 1936 |
| | Major general, Regular Army: 1 October 1938 |
| | Lieutenant general, Regular Army: 1 October 1940 |
| | Lieutenant general, Retired List: 31 July 1945 |
| | General, Retired List: 19 July 1954 |