OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stuttgart Observatory

Stuttgart Observatory (German: Sternwarte Stuttgart; MPC 025) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the volunteer association Schwäbische Sternwarte e.V.. It is located on the hill Uhlandshöhe in Stuttgart, Germany.
The Observatory is accessible to the public since 1922.

## History

On the Initiative of the astronomer and author Robert Henseling, the astronomic association Schwäbische Sternwarte e.V. was founded in 1919. The purposes for the newfound association were, and still are, to spread and explain astronomical knowledge to a broad public and to provide support for the Planetarium Stuttgart.
To gather enough monetary funds for the construction of the Observatory at the site it still is today, even such famous guest speakers as Albert Einstein followed the invitation to give a speech about astronomy and donate the revenue to the Schwäbische Sternwarte e.V.. The construction of the observatory, designed by Wilhelm Jost, took place in 1921. Already in early January 1922 the association started operations at the new observatory. During World War II, all activities at the observatory were suspended, only to be resumed in September 1947.

## Instruments

The observatory is equipped with six telescopes, four of which are permanently mounted. The two others may be assembled if necessary.
Inside the bigger of the observatory's two astrodomes, the oldest of the six telescopes is attached to a mount reaching down to the bottom of the tower. This device is a 7-inch Zeiss telescope with 2.59-metre focal-length from 1911, one of the last still existent.
Another 7-inch refractor of newer design, a special H-alpha telescope and a 16-inch Newtonian telescope are located in separate sheds on the terrace between the two astrodomes. The latter telescope is frequently used by the members of the association for their scientific research – predominantly the observation of star occultations by minor planets. The results are sent to a Japanese institute. For observations made by the Stuttgart Observatory concerning occultations, the observatory code given by the Minor Planet Center is 025.
# House at 84 Adalia Avenue

The House at 84 Adalia Avenue is a historic home in the Davis Islands neighborhood of Tampa, Florida, United States. It is located at 84 Adalia Avenue. On August 3, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
In July 2015, the home was sold for $3.3 million. It was reported to be in "horrible disrepair" and was removed from the Register. The new owners will demolish the home and build a new one at the same location.

## References and external links

* Hillsborough County listings at National Register of Historic Places
* ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
* ↑ Kritzer, Ashley Gurbal (July 31, 2015). "Historic Davis Islands mansion sold, to be demolished". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
* This article about a property in Hillsborough County, Florida on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Yu Hung-chun

Yu Hung-chun (Chinese: 俞鴻鈞; pinyin: Yú Hóngjūn; 4 January 1898 – 1 June 1960), also known as O. K. Yui, was a Chinese political figure who served as mayor of Shanghai, chairman of the Taiwan Provincial Government and Premier of the Republic of China. He graduated from Saint Johns University in Shanghai, having majored in English Literature. He was later appointed as Mayor of Shanghai. During World War II he negotiated unsuccessfully with the Japanese not to expand military conflict. When the ROC government moved to Chungking, he was appointed as Director of Central Trust, Deputy minister of Foreign Affairs, and later became Minister of Department of Treasury. Yu replaced H.H. Kung as minister of finance in November 1944, following H.H. Kung's removal for corruption.$^{:73–76}$ Immediately before he replaced Kung, Yu served as vice minister of finance.$^{:75–76}$ Later he was appointed as Central Bank and started moving the gold reserve to Taiwan from China to keep it away from the advancing communists. He was COO of Central, Farmer and Communication Banks, In 1954 he was appointed as Governor of Taiwan Province. Then he was in charge of Executive Yuan from 1954–1958. Yu offered to resign when an Anti-American demonstration at US Embassy went out of control. Later he refused to appeal at court resigned and went back to Central Bank as an executive. In 1960 he died of an asthma attack at age 62.
His great-granddaughter is Michelle Dee, a Filipino actress and model.

## Chronology

* 23 March 1937 – the Executive Yuan resolved that Yu Hung-chun may act as mayor of Shanghai.
* 27 July 1937 – the Nationalist Government appointed Yu Hung-chun as mayor of Shanghai.
* 30 June 1958 – resigned as the president of the Executive Yuan.(Premier of the Republic of China)
* 1958 -Appointed as President of Central Bank.
# Rodolfo Robles

Rodolfo Robles (January 14, 1878 – November 8, 1939) was a Guatemalan physician and philanthropist. In 1915, he was the first to describe onchocerciasis in Latin America, which was known and widespread on the African continent, with the first description of the adult worms made there in 1890 by Sir Patrick Manson. Robles was the first person to describe the etiology of the disease, correctly attributing it to infection with Onchocerca volvulus parasites. He discerned the etiology from clinical observations among coffee plantation workers in Guatemala, extracting the parasitic worm from a nodule on a child's face. The disease was later referred to as "Roble's disease" in his honor. In the 1930s, Robles also played a role in establishing the first public health campaigns to address onchocerciasis in the Central Endemic Zone of Guatemala, which involved sending teams to endemic areas to provide surgical services and perform nodulectomies.

## Biography

Rodolfo Robles was born in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. As a young man, he was sent to school in the United States, returning to complete high school at the Instituto Nacional para Varones de Occidente (INVO) in 1894. He completed pre-university studies at Rouen, in France, before studying medicine in Paris and earning his degree from the University of Paris in 1904. He performed research at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he obtained the Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (French: "National Order of the Legion of Honour") in the degree of Grand Officier (Grand Officer).
Robles married Julia Isabel Herrera Dorión in 1914, and had one child, Rodolfo Robles Herrera, born in Paris in 1928.
He served as a professor in the Faculty of Medical Sciences for many years.

## Honors and tributes

Robles has been honored in Guatemala and Mexico with many schools and hospitals named in his honor, including a hospital in his hometown of Quetzaltenango as well as a hospital focused on eye and ear health in Guatemala City.
In 1955, the Order of Rodolfo Robles was established as award to recognize physicians for outstanding service in the field of public health.
A statue of his likeness can be found outside the old Faculty of Medical Sciences at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.
A bridge over the Suchiate River, which forms the border between the Mexican state of Chiapas and the Guatemalan department of San Marcos, has been named Puente Rodolfo Robles in his honor.
# Møre (newspaper)

Møre (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Urban East Norwegian:) is a local Norwegian newspaper published once a week in Møre og Romsdal county.
Møre covers news in Volda Municipality and Ørsta Municipality as well as throughout Møre og Romsdal county. It is Norway's oldest local newspaper that is still published, and it is the second-oldest newspaper in the country, after Adresseavisen. The newspaper is edited by Tore Aarflot. It is published three times a week (Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays) and all of the edited material is published in Nynorsk.
The newspaper is owned by the company Aarflots Prenteverk, which runs the media house, where the newspaper is a major component of its operations. The business is also engaged in graphic design and printing.

## History

In 1808 the farmer, bailiff, politician, and postmaster Sivert Aarflot received permission to start printing at Ekset in Volda. He started printing in 1809, and in 1810 he produced his first newspaper: Norsk Landboeblad. This newspaper changed its name many times, and since 1902 or 1903 it has been called Møre.
The Sivert Aarflot Museum is dedicated to the story of Sivert Aarflot and his press and newspaper. Among other items, the museum contains his first press and a somewhat more modern screw press. The museum was opened following an agreement with company CEO Tore Aarflot.

## Circulation

According to the Norwegian Audit Bureau of Circulations and National Association of Local Newspapers, Møre has had the following annual circulation:
* 2004: 3,775
* 2005: 3,746
* 2006: 3,759
* 2007: 3,752
* 2008: 3,735
* 2009: 3,722
* 2010: 3,690
* 2011: 3,650
* 2012: 3,578
* 2013: 3,449
* 2014: 3,373
* 2015: 3,317
* 2016: 3,195
# INS Vindhyagiri (2023)

INS Vindhyagiri is a Nilgiri-class (Project-17 Alpha) frigate of the Indian Navy. It was built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) in Kolkata and was formally launched by the President of India, Srimati Droupadi Murmu on 17 August 2023.
Named after the Vindhyagiri Hill in Karnataka, Vindhyagiri is the sixth ship of the P-17A frigates, which are the advanced version of Shivalik-class frigates with enhanced stealth features, upgraded weapons and sensors and better platform management system on-board. Seen as demonstration of Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence sector, this indigenously evolved stealth guided-missile frigate equipped with state-of-the-art technology is successor of the erstwhile INS Vindhyagiri (F42), the Leander-class ASW frigate.
# Ed Graham

Edwin James Graham (born 20 February 1977) is an English musician who is best known as the original drummer of the rock band The Darkness, as well as the subsequent successor band Stone Gods fronted by guitarist and singer Richie Edwards.

## Early life

Graham grew up in Oulton Broad in Lowestoft, attending Kirkley High School with the Hawkins brothers. Not particularly sporty, Graham would spend his break times isolated in the music room where he began to play the drums. After school Graham studied art at Lowestoft College. In 1998 and 1999, Graham studied Film and Television at Salisbury College, gaining a Higher National Diploma.

## Career

After leaving Salisbury College, Graham returned to Lowestoft and worked in a Sanyo factory for six months to raise money to move to London. In the year 2000 he moved to Finsbury Park, soon relocating to Camden Town, where he remained for over ten years. His first band in London was Q*Sling fronted by Norwegian born Paul-Ronney Angel, who later went on to form the Urban Voodoo Machine.
The Darkness were conceived at a millennium eve party by the Hawkins brothers, Justin and Dan. The line up was completed some months later by Graham and bass player Frankie Poullain. Graham played on three studio albums: Permission to Land, One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back and Hot Cakes. In 2006, the Darkness split due to Justin Hawkins leaving. Graham and Dan Hawkins went on to form the Stone Gods, recruiting Toby Macfarlaine and promoting Darkness guitar technician Richie Edwards to frontman.
In July 2008, it was announced that he was permanently leaving the band due to health issues. SPIN magazine confirmed that Graham was suffering with avascular necrosis, a rare condition causing lack of blood supply to the femur. In 2009, Graham underwent bilateral hip surgery (a major operation) which was a complete success.
Subsequently, he formed the band Karaoke for Beginners with ex Silverfish guitarist Andrew "Fuzz" Duprey.
In 2011, the Darkness reunited with all four founding members, with Download 2011 being one of their first come back shows. Following this, the band played numerous European and U.S festivals and toured with Lady Gaga. In October 2014, it was announced that Graham and the band were no longer working together, stating that "for various reasons, we have all decided to move on. We love Ed and we wish him happiness."
In 2015, Graham was the subject of a photographic documentary by photographer Nick Elliott recording Graham's personal and professional life since his departure from the Darkness.
In 2015, Graham formed another band with singer-songwriter Angus Duprey, brother of Fuzz Duprey. The band, Puppets to the Supreme Commander, intended to release an EP and play UK shows ahead of an album release.
In 2017, Graham performed drums for a one-off band, the Venus Reaction. The project, set up by friend and Puppets to the Supreme Commander bandmate David Donley, also featured Amie Conradine, Jim Lowe, and Glen Matlock of the Sex Pistols. The band released a double A side vinyl single, in a limited run of 500 copies.
# English folk music (1900–1949)
## Births and deaths
### Births

* Stan Hugill (1906–1992)
* A.L. Lloyd (1908–1982)
* Copper Family (c. 1912 – 1915)
* Phoebe Smith (1913)
* Walter Pardon (1914–1996)
* Ewan MacColl (1915–1989)
* Fred Jordan (1922–2002)
* Shirley Collins (1935)
* Martin Carthy (1941)
* Dave Swarbrick (1941)
* Bert Jansch (1943)
* Peter Bellamy (1944–1991)
* Ralph McTell (1944)
* John Renbourn (1944)
* Ashley Hutchings (1945)
* June Tabor (1947)
* Maddy Prior (1947)
* Sandy Denny (1947–1978)
* Richard Thompson (1949)

## Collections of songs or music

* 1905: Songs of the West (2nd ed) by Sabine Baring-Gould (1834–1924)
* 1907: English Folk Song: Some Conclusions by Cecil Sharp (1859–1924)
* 1908: Traditional English Songs by Lucy Broadwood (1858–1929)
* 1913: The Morris Book by Cecil Sharp
* 1913: Sword Dances of Northern England by Cecil Sharp
* 1919: English Folk Songs From the Southern Appalachian by Cecil Sharp
* 1922: The Country Dance Book by Cecil Sharp
* 1923: Folk Songs of the Upper Thames by Alfred Williams
* 1924: The Dance by Cecil Sharp

## Early recordings

The dates of early commercial recordings, and the modern reissue albums on which they can be heard
* 1908: Scott Skinner (1843–1927) The Music of Scott Skinner
* 1908: Joseph Taylor (1832 – c. 1908) Unto Brigg Fair
* 1937: Phil Tanner (1862–1950) The Gower Nightingale
# House at 89 Rawson Road and 86 Colburne Crescent

89 Rawson Road and 86 Colbourne Crescent are two historic Shingle Style houses located in Brookline, Massachusetts.

## Description and history

The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house that was designed by Chapman & Frazer for Thomas Shepard, and built in 1900. It is a large Shingle-style house, with a profusion of gables and recesses, and a uniform covering of wood shingles. The house occupies a large lot on Aspinwall Hill, with commanding views of the area. Thomas Shepard worked in his father's lumber business in Boston, and was responsible for developing family-owned land in northern Brookline.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 17, 1985.
# European route E8

The European route E8 is a European route that runs between Tromsø, Norway and Turku, Finland. The length of the route is 1,410 kilometres (880 mi).

## History

In the older E-road system that was used from 1950 to 1985 (in the Nordic countries until 1992), the E8 went London – Colchester – Harwich – ferry connection – Hook of Holland – The Hague – Utrecht – Oeynhausen – Hanover – Berlin – Poznań – Krośniewice – Łowicz – Warsaw – USSR border (Brest). It connected with E1, E2, E5, E31, E107, E108 and E113 routes.
The current E8 route was introduced in early 1990s between Tromsø and Tornio and extended from Tornio to Turku in 2001. In the older E road system it had been called E78 since 1962.

## Route

* Norway
** E8: Tromsøya - Nordkjosbotn ( E6) - Skibotn ( E6)
* Finland
** Vt 21: Kilpisjärvi - Karesuvanto ( E45) - Tornio ( E4)
** Vt 29: Tornio ( E4) - Kemi ( E75)
** Vt 4: Kemi ( E75) - Oulu ( E75)
** Vt 8: Oulu ( E75) - Vaasa ( E12) - Pori - Turku ( E18 E63)
# Chunnakam Police station massacre

The Chunnakam Police station massacre refers to the killing of 19 ethnic Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan Police, at Chunnakam, a suburb of Jaffna in 1984. This was among the first of the series of massacres of Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan state forces, since the outbreak of the Sri Lankan Civil War.

## Massacre

Chunnakam is situated in the Uduvil Assistant Government Agent Division in the Jaffna District. Ten kilometers from the Jaffna town, on the Kankesanthurai road, there is the Chunnakam Junction situated. The Chunnakam Police station was located about 250 metres south of this junction.
Many Tamil youth had been previously arrested since the escalation of conflict between the Army and the Tamil groups in the peninsula. Almost all of them were arrested under the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) without evidence and were kept in various government buildings in the region.
On 8 January 1984, the State Police placed a time bomb in the Chunnakam Police station where at least 19 Tamil youth were held under the POTA and left the building. When the bomb exploded, all of them inside were killed. One man who attempted to rescue his friends inside also lost his life.
# Bak (surname)

Bak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aad Bak (1926–2009), Dutch footballer
* Alexander Bak (born 1991), Danish basketball player
* Per Bak (1948–2002), Danish physicist
* Robert C. Bak, Hungarian psychoanalyst
* Samuel Bak (born 1933), Israeli artist
* Stéphane Bak (born 1996), French actor and radio host of Congolese descent
* Thomas Bak (born 1978), German artist and art director
* Thomas H. Bak (born 1961), Polish-British cognitive neuroscientist
# House at 9 North Front Street

House at 9 North Front Street is a historic home located in the Jonestown Historic District in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a 2+1⁄2-story brick townhouse with a 2-story rear wing. It is three bays wide and two rooms deep. The main house features a gable roof with two dormers on each side and two interior chimneys connected by a parapet. The house is located at 9 North Front Street and was built by either John Beale Bordley or Charles Torrence circa 1790. The house was the residence of Thorowgood Smith, second Mayor of Baltimore (1804-1808). It rests on an area of downtown Baltimore traditionally known as “Old Town”. Even earlier on, it was known as “Jones Town”. This area was annexed to Baltimore in 1745 and its settlement predates that of Baltimore Town. More specifically, the house is located in a neighborhood known today as Shot Tower Park. Once part of a whole row of Conservative Conservative Georgian style brick masonry 2+1⁄2-story townhomes, this house is the last extant example on the street, and one of just a few 18th century townhouses remaining in all of Baltimore.
The House at 9 North Front Street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
# Nation, Governance, and Modernity in China

Nation, Governance, and Modernity in China: Canton, 1900-1927Alternate capitalization: Nation, governance, and modernity in China : Canton, 1900&#x2D;1927 is a 1999 non-fiction book by Michael Tsang-Woon Tsin, published by Stanford University Press.
The book describes competing attempts by the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang to build a "society and nation" (社會國家) society in Guangzhou in the early 20th Century.
Hanchao Lu (traditional Chinese: 盧漢超; simplified Chinese: 卢汉超; pinyin: Lú Hànchāo) of the Georgia Institute of Technology stated that this was the first English-language "analytical "biography"" of Guangzhou.

## Background

The work originated as a PhD thesis at Princeton University, published in 1990.
Tsin worked for Columbia University as an associate professor. After publication of the book, he moved to the University of Florida.
Many primary sources came from the People's Republic of China. They included documents from the two political parties and the British Foreign Office, as well as memoirs. The secondary sources used for research were written in Chinese, English, and Japanese. Some secondary sources came from the Western countries. The works describing theory were also sourced from Western countries.

## Contents

The book discusses the Xinhai Revolution, the 1922 seamen's strike, the Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising, and the Canton-Hong Kong strike.
Roger R. Thompson of Stanford University stated that the book "tries to escape the straitjacket of both [KMT] and CCP historiography".

## Reception

Charlotte Beahan of Murray State University praised the sourcing and the content about theory, while she felt the narrative aspect was not as strong.
Ryan Dunch of the University of Alberta praised the "fascinating detail" about the subject. He felt that people not already familiar with the subject may have some trouble comprehending the book since the work "assumes some familiarity with Guangdong local history", and he stated that the some narration of events Dunch described as "dramatic" were done "laconically".
Joan Judge of University of California, Santa Barbara described the book as "elegantly written and meticulously researched" and she praised the "success in bringing social-historical and theoretical analysis together".
Thompson stated that the book is "a worthy addition" to its field.
# Rajasthan Khadi and Village Industries Board

Rajasthan Khadi and Village Industries Board is an agency of Government of Rajasthan set up in 1955 for assisting and encouraging Khadi and village industries in Rajasthan.
General Secretary Rajasthan :
| Year | Name |
| 2020 | Shri Gopal Ram Kumawat |

## Khadi history

Mahatma Gandhi began promoting the spinning of Khadi for rural self-employment in 1920s in India. He also wanted to spread the message of not using foreign clothes. The freedom struggle revolved around the use of Khadi fabrics and the dumping of foreign-made clothes. Thus it symbolized the political ideas and independence itself, and to this day most politicians in India are seen only in Khadi clothing. The flag of India is technically only allowed to be made from this material.