# Malheur National Forest

The Malheur National Forest is a National Forest in the U.S. state of Oregon. It contains more than 1.4 million acres (5,700 km$^2$) in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. The forest consists of high desert grasslands, sage, juniper, pine, fir, and other tree species. Elevations vary from about 4,000 feet (1,200 m) to the 9,038-foot (2,755 m) peak of Strawberry Mountain. The Strawberry Mountains of eastern Oregon extend east to west through the center of the forest. U.S. Route 395 runs south to north through the forest, while U.S. Route 26 runs east to west.

## Overview

The forest was established by President Theodore Roosevelt on June 13, 1908, and is named after the Malheur River, from the French, meaning "misfortune". It is managed by the United States Forest Service for timber extraction, cattle grazing, gold mining and wilderness use. A 1993 Forest Service study estimated the extent of old growth in the forest at 312,000 acres (1,260 km$^2$).
In descending order of land area, the forest is located in parts of Grant, Harney, Baker, and Malheur counties. There are three ranger districts in the forest, with offices in John Day, Prairie City, and Hines.

### Armillaria - among the largest organisms on earth

The Malheur National Forest contains the largest known organism (by area) in the Northern Hemisphere: an Armillaria ostoyae (fungus) that spans 2,200 acres (8.9 km$^2$) and is located high on a ridgeline immediately west of Clear Creek (44°28′23″N 118°28′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.4731°N 118.4816°W﻿ / 44.4731; -118.4816﻿ (The Humongous Fungus)).

## Wilderness

There are two wilderness areas in the Malheur National Forest.
* Strawberry Mountain Wilderness at 68,700 acres (278 km$^2$)
* Monument Rock Wilderness at 19,620 acres (79 km$^2$), located partially within the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest

## Climate

The hottest temperature recorded in the Malheur National Forest was 110 °F (43.3 °C) on July 23, 2003, while the coldest temperature recorded was −26 °F (−32.2 °C) on January 22–23, 1962.
Climate data for Malheur Branch Experimental Station, Oregon, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–2022 :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 64 (18) | 66 (19) | 80 (27) | 91 (33) | 100 (38) | 106 (41) | 110 (43) | 108 (42) | 100 (38) | 94 (34) | 77 (25) | 65 (18) | 110 (43) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 49.4 (9.7) | 57.4 (14.1) | 69.3 (20.7) | 80.2 (26.8) | 89.8 (32.1) | 96.3 (35.7) | 102.4 (39.1) | 100.8 (38.2) | 93.6 (34.2) | 81.8 (27.7) | 64.0 (17.8) | 52.4 (11.3) | 103.0 (39.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 37.2 (2.9) | 45.1 (7.3) | 56.8 (13.8) | 64.6 (18.1) | 74.1 (23.4) | 82.1 (27.8) | 92.9 (33.8) | 91.5 (33.1) | 81.4 (27.4) | 66.1 (18.9) | 49.0 (9.4) | 38.0 (3.3) | 64.9 (18.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.4 (−0.9) | 35.9 (2.2) | 44.6 (7.0) | 51.2 (10.7) | 60.3 (15.7) | 67.6 (19.8) | 76.4 (24.7) | 74.3 (23.5) | 64.5 (18.1) | 51.7 (10.9) | 38.7 (3.7) | 30.6 (−0.8) | 52.2 (11.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 23.5 (−4.7) | 26.6 (−3.0) | 32.5 (0.3) | 37.8 (3.2) | 46.6 (8.1) | 53.2 (11.8) | 59.9 (15.5) | 57.1 (13.9) | 47.7 (8.7) | 37.2 (2.9) | 28.5 (−1.9) | 23.2 (−4.9) | 39.5 (4.2) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 7.7 (−13.5) | 14.3 (−9.8) | 21.5 (−5.8) | 26.0 (−3.3) | 33.2 (0.7) | 40.9 (4.9) | 49.1 (9.5) | 46.1 (7.8) | 36.2 (2.3) | 25.0 (−3.9) | 15.3 (−9.3) | 9.6 (−12.4) | 1.6 (−16.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −26 (−32) | −24 (−31) | 5 (−15) | 18 (−8) | 25 (−4) | 30 (−1) | 36 (2) | 37 (3) | 25 (−4) | 10 (−12) | −6 (−21) | −21 (−29) | −26 (−32) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.44 (37) | 0.97 (25) | 1.04 (26) | 0.91 (23) | 1.29 (33) | 0.78 (20) | 0.24 (6.1) | 0.20 (5.1) | 0.41 (10) | 0.82 (21) | 1.00 (25) | 1.56 (40) | 10.66 (271.2) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.1 (15) | 2.3 (5.8) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.1 (2.8) | 5.4 (14) | 15.4 (38.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.6 | 8.4 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 7.0 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 90.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 3.8 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 11.2 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service ||||||||||||||