# Irish exonyms

This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).

## Algeria

Algeria an Ailgéir :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Dzayer | Berber | |

## Belgium

Belgium an Bheilg :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
| Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
| Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Bruxelles | French | |
| Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
| Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
| Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
| Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
| Wallonia | an Vallúin | Walonreye | Walloon | |

## Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina an Bhoisnia agus Heirseagaivéin :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian | |

## Canada

Canada Ceanada :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
| Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |
| Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
| Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Newfoundland | English | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
| Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Terre-Neuve | French | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
| Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |
| Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Nova Scotia | English | |

## China

China an tSín :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Beijing | Bésing | Beijing (北京) | Mandarin | |
| Tibet | Tibéid | Bhö (བོད) | Tibetan | |

## Croatia

Croatia an Chróit :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
| Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb | |

## Cyprus

Cyprus an Chipir :
| English name | Irish name | Endony | Endony | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
| Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkoşa | Turkish | |

## Czech Republic

Czech Republic an tSeic :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
| Prague | Prág | Praha | |

## Denmark

Denmark an Danmhairg :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym |
| Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København |
| Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland |
| Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland |

## Egypt

Egypt an Éigipt :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Cairo | Caireo | | | |

## France

France an Fhrainc :
| English name | Irish name | French place | French place | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
| Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula |
| Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
| Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Bretagne | French | |
| Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
| Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
| Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corsica | Italian | |
| Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
| Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lottringe | West Franconian | |
| Lorraine | an Lorráin | Louréne | Lorrain | |
| Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
| Normandy | an Normainn | Normaundie | Norman | |
| Paris | Páras | Paris | French | |

## Germany

Germany an Ghearmáin :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
| Berlin | Beirlín | Berlin | German | |
| Saxony | an tSacsain | Sachsen | German | |
| Saxony | an tSacsain | Saggsn | Upper Saxon | |
| Saxony | an tSacsain | Sakska | Upper Sorbian | |

## Great Britain

Great Britain and Crown dependencies: an Bhreatain Mhór :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
| Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
| Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlisle | English | |
| Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
| Cornwall | Corn na Breataine | Kernow | Cornish | |
| Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
| Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
| England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”). |
| Guernsey | Geansaí | | | |
| Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used |
| Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
| Jersey | Geirsí | | | |
| Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
| London | Londain | London | English | |
| Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | From Latin Mancunia |
| Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
| Perth | Peairt | Peairt | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
| Severn | an tSabhrainn | Severn | English | |
| Severn | an tSabhrainn | Hafren | Welsh | |
| Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
| Strathclyde | Srath Chluaidh | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Thames | an Tamais | Thames | English | |
| Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain." |
| York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |

## Greece

Greece an Ghréig :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Language | Notes | Notes |
| Athens | an Aithin | | | |
| Crete | an Chréit | | | |
| Rhodes | Ródas | | | |
| Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé | | | |

## Iceland

Iceland an Íoslainn :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Reykjavík | Réicivíc | Reykjavík | |

## India

India an India, an Ind :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Delhi | Deilí | | | |
| Kolkata | Calcúta | | | |

## Indonesia

Indonesia an Indinéis :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian | |

## Israel

Israel an Iosrael :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |

## Italy

Italy an Iodáil :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Florence | Flórans | | | |
| Lombardy | an Lombaird | | | |
| Milan | Milan/ Milano | | | |
| Piedmont | Píodmant | | | |
| Rome | an Róimh | | | |
| Sardinia | an tSairdín | | | |
| Sicily | an tSicil | | | |
| Tuscany | an Tuscáin | | | |
| Venice | an Veinéis | | | |

## Libya

Libya an Libia :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Tripoli | Tripilí | | | |

## Lithuania

Lithuania an Liotuáin :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian | |

## Moldova

Moldova an Mholdóiv :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Chişinău | Císineá | | | |

## Myanmar

Myanmar Maenmar :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Yangon | Rangún | | | |

## Palestine

Palestine an Phalaistín :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Bethlehem | Beithil | بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) | Arabic | |
| Bethlehem | Beithil | בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) | Hebrew | |
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | القُدس‎ (Al-Quds) | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) | Hebrew | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| Nazareth | Nazarat | النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) | Arabic | |
| Nazareth | Nazarat | נָצְרַת‎ (Natsrat) | Hebrew | |
| Nazareth | Nazarat | ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) | Imperial Aramaic | |

## Poland

Poland an Pholainn :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish | |

## Portugal

Portugal an Phortaingéil :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
| Madeira | Maidéara | | | |

## Romania

Romania an Rómáin :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian | |

## Russia

Russia an Rúis :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
| Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
| Siberia | an tSibéir | | | |
| Ural | an Úrail | | | |

## Serbia

Serbia an tSeirbia :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Belgrade | Béalgrád | Beograd | |

## South Korea

South Korea an Chóiré Theas :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Seoul | Súl | | |

## Spain

Spain an Spáinn :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| A Coruña | an Choróin | | | Obsolete |
| A Coruña | Cathair na Cruinne | | | |
| Aragon | an Aragóin | | | |
| Galicia | an Ghailís | | | |
| Mallorca | Mallarca | | | |
| Menorca | Mionarca | | | |
| Seville | Seville | | | |

## Sudan

Sudan an tSúdáin :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Khartoum | Cartúm | | | |

## Sweden

Sweden an tSualainn :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
| Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish | |

## Switzerland

Switzerland an Eilvéis :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
| Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genève | French | |

## Syria

Syria an tSiria :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic | |

## Tunisia

Tunisia an Túnéis :
| English name | Irish name | Tunisian place | Tunisian place | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Tunis | Túinis | | | |

## Ukraine

Ukraine an Úcráin :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Crimea | an Chrimé | | | |
| Kyiv | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian | |

## United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí | | | |

## United States

United States Stáit Aontaithe :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
| Ellis Island | Oileán an Choraintín | Ellis Island | English | Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
| Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
| New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |

## Vietnam

Vietnam Vítneam :
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Endonym | Notes |
| English name | Irish name | Name | Language | Notes |
| Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese | |