# Outline of Kazakhstan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kazakhstan:
The Republic of Kazakhstan is a landlocked sovereign country located across both Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km$^2$ (greater than Western Europe). It is bordered by Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and China. The country also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea.
Vast in size, the land in Kazakhstan is very diverse in types of terrain: flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, mountains, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, with a population density of less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.).
Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16, 1991, the last Soviet republic to do so. Its communist-era leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev, became the country's new president. Since independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced foreign policy and worked to develop its economy, especially its hydrocarbon industry. While the country's economic outlook is improving, President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country's politics. Several opposition leaders and journalists have been killed in recent years, and Western observers generally do not consider Kazakhstan's elections to be free and fair. Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's international prestige is building. It is now considered to be the dominant state in Central Asia. The country belongs to many international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. In 2010, Kazakhstan will chair the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. In 2011, it formed a customs union with Russia and Belarus.
Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse, in part due to the mass deportations of many ethnic groups to the country during Stalin's rule. Kazakhs are the largest group, followed by Russians. Kazakhstan allows freedom of religion, and many different beliefs are represented in the country. Islam is the primary religion, followed by Orthodox Christianity. The official language is Kazakh, though Russian is still commonly and most widely used for everyday communication.

## General reference

* Pronunciation:
* Common English country name: Kazakhstan
* Official English country name: The Republic of Kazakhstan
* Adjectives: Kazakhstani, Kazakh
* Demonym(s):
* Etymology: Name of Kazakhstan
* International rankings of Kazakhstan
* ISO country codes: KZ, KAZ, 398
* ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:KZ
* Internet country code top-level domain: .kz

## Geography of Kazakhstan

Geography of Kazakhstan
* Kazakhstan is: a landlocked country
* Location:
** Kazakhstan is a region or subregion of:
*** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
**** Eurasia
***** Asia
****** Central Asia
***** Europe
****** Eastern Europe (a small portion only; 381,567 km$^2$)
** Time zone:
*** Kazakhstan Time UTC+5
** Extreme points of Kazakhstan
*** High: Khan Tengri 7,010 m (22,999 ft)
*** Low: Caspian Depression −132 m (−433 ft)
** Land boundaries: 12,185 km
       Russia 6,846 km
       Uzbekistan 2,203 km
       China 1,533 km
       Kyrgyzstan 1,224 km
       Turkmenistan 379 km
   * Coastline: none
* Population of Kazakhstan: 20,286,084 – 61st most populous country
* Area of Kazakhstan: 2,724,900 km$^2$
* Atlas of Kazakhstan

### Environment of Kazakhstan

Environment of Kazakhstan
* Climate of Kazakhstan
* Environmental issues in Kazakhstan
* Renewable energy in Kazakhstan
* Protected areas of Kazakhstan
** National parks of Kazakhstan
* Wildlife of Kazakhstan
** Fauna of Kazakhstan
*** Birds of Kazakhstan
*** Mammals of Kazakhstan

#### Natural geographic features of Kazakhstan

* Islands of Kazakhstan
* Lakes of Kazakhstan
* Rivers of Kazakhstan
* List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan

### Regions of Kazakhstan
#### Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan

Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan
* Regions of Kazakhstan
** Districts of Kazakhstan

##### Regions of Kazakhstan

Regions of Kazakhstan
| RegionStatusFull Kazakh nameTime zone AkmolaregionАқмола облысыUTC+5 AktoberegionАқтөбе облысыUTC+5 Almatycity$^{(1)}$Алматы қаласыUTC+5 Almaty (region)regionАлматы облысыUTC+5 Astanacity$^{(1)}$Астана қаласыUTC+5 AtyrauregionАтырау облысыUTC+5 Baikonurcity$^{(2)}$Байқоңыр қаласыUTC+5 East KazakhstanregionШығыс Қазақстан облысыUTC+5 KaragandaregionҚарағанды облысыUTC+5 KostanayregionҚостанай облысыUTC+5 KyzylordaregionҚызылорда облысыUTC+5 MangystauregionМаңғыстау облысыUTC+5 North KazakhstanregionСолтүстік Қазақстан облысыUTC+5 PavlodarregionПавлодар облысыUTC+5 ShymkentcityШымкент қаласыUTC+5 South KazakhstanregionОңтүстік Қазақстан облысыUTC+5 West KazakhstanregionБатыс Қазақстан облысыUTC+5 ZhambylregionЖамбыл облысыUTC+5 | Provinces of Kazakhstan |
Notes:
* (1) Almaty, Astana and Shymkent cities have the status of State importance and do not relate to any province.
* (2) Baikonur city has a special status because it is currently being leased to Russia with Baikonur cosmodrome through the year 2050.

##### Districts of Kazakhstan

Districts of Kazakhstan
| Province | District(s) |
| Akmola Province | Akkol District Arshaly District Astrakhan District Atbasar District Birzhan sal District Bulandy District Egindikol District Ereymentau District Esil District, Akmola Province Korgalzhyn District Sandyktau District Shortandy District Shuchinsk District Zerendi District Zhaksy District Zharkain District |
| Aktobe Province | Alga District Ayteke Bi District Bayganin District Kargaly District Kobda District Khromtau District Martuk District Mugalzhar District Oiyl District Shalkar District Temir District Yrgyz District |
| Almaty Province | Aksu District, Almaty Province Alakol District Balkhash District Enbekshikazakh District Eskeldi District Ile District, Kazakhstan Karasay District Karatal District Kerbulak District Koksu District Panfilov District, Kazakhstan Raiymbek District Sarkant District Talgar District Uygur District Zhambyl District, Almaty Province |
| Atyrau Province | Inder District Isatay District Kurmangazy District Kyzylkoga District Makat District Makhambet District Zhylyoi District |
| East Kazakhstan Province | Abay District, East Kazakhstan Ayagoz District Beskaragay District Borodulikha District Glubokoe District Katonkaragay District Kokpekti District Kurshim District Shemonaikha District Tarbagatay District Ulan District Urzhar District Zaysan District Zharma District Zyryanovsk District |
| Karagandy Province | Abay District, Karagandy Province Aktogay District, Karagandy Province Bukhar-Zhyrau District Karkaraly District Nura District Osakarov District Shet District Ulytau District Zhanaarka District |
| Kostanay Province | Altynsarin District Amangeldi District Auliekol District Denisov District Fyodorov District Kamysty District Karabalyk District Karasu District Kostanay District Mendykara District Nauyrzym District Sarykol District Taran District Uzunkol District Zhangeldi District Zhetikara District |
| Kyzylorda Province | Aral District Karmakshy District Kazaly District Shieli District Syrdariya District Zhalagash District Zhanakorgan District |
| North Kazakhstan | Aiyrtau District Akkayin District Akzhar District Esil District, North Kazakhstan province Gabit Musirepov District (Tselinniy) Kyzylzhar District Magzhan Zhumabayev District (Bulaev) Mamlyut District Shal akyn District (Sergeev) Taiynsha District Timiryazev District Ualikhanov District Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Province |
| Pavlodar Province | Akkuly District Aktogay District, Pavlodar Province Bayanaul District Ertis District Kashyr District May District Pavlodar District Sharbakty District Uspen District Zhelezin District |
| South Kazakhstan Province | Baydibek District Kazygurt District Maktaaral District Ordabasy District Otyrar District Saryagash District Sayram District Shardara District Sozak District Tole Bi District Tulkibas District |
| West Kazakhstan Province | Akzhaik District Bokey Orda District Borili District Karatobe District Kaztal District Shyngyrlau District Syrym District Taskala District Terekti District Zelenov District Zhanakala District Zhanybek District |
| Zhambyl Province | Bayzak District Korday District Merke District Moiynkum District Sarysu District Shu District Talas District Turar Ryskulov District Zhambyl District, Zhambyl Province Zhualy District |

##### Municipalities of Kazakhstan

Municipalities of Kazakhstan
* Capital of Kazakhstan: Capital of Kazakhstan
* Cities of Kazakhstan

### Demography of Kazakhstan

Demographics of Kazakhstan

## Government and politics of Kazakhstan

Politics of Kazakhstan
* Form of government: semi-presidential republic
* Capital of Kazakhstan: Capital of Kazakhstan
* Elections in Kazakhstan
* Political parties in Kazakhstan
* Taxation in Kazakhstan

### Branches of the government of Kazakhstan

Government of Kazakhstan

#### Executive branch of the government of Kazakhstan

* Head of state: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Kazakhstan
* Head of government: Oljas Bektenov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan

#### Legislative branch of the government of Kazakhstan

* Parliament of Kazakhstan (bicameral)
** Upper house: Senate of Kazakhstan
** Lower house: Mazhilis

#### Judicial branch of the government of Kazakhstan

Court system of Kazakhstan
* Supreme Court of Kazakhstan

### Foreign relations of Kazakhstan

Foreign relations of Kazakhstan
* Diplomatic missions in Kazakhstan
* Diplomatic missions of Kazakhstan

#### International organization membership

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a member of:

### Law and order in Kazakhstan

Law of Kazakhstan
* Constitution of Kazakhstan
* Human rights in Kazakhstan
** LGBT rights in Kazakhstan
** Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan
* Law enforcement in Kazakhstan

### Military of Kazakhstan

Military of Kazakhstan
* Command
** Commander-in-chief:
* Forces
** Army of Kazakhstan
** Navy of Kazakhstan
** Air Force of Kazakhstan

## History of Kazakhstan

History of Kazakhstan

## Culture of Kazakhstan

Culture of Kazakhstan
* Cuisine of Kazakhstan
* Languages of Kazakhstan
* Media in Kazakhstan
* National symbols of Kazakhstan
** Coat of arms of Kazakhstan
** Flag of Kazakhstan
** National anthem of Kazakhstan
* People of Kazakhstan
** Kazakhs
*** Russians in Kazakhstan
*** Ukrainians in Kazakhstan
*** Germans of Kazakhstan
*** Armenians in Kazakhstan
*** Greeks in Kazakhstan
*** Kazakh Jews
* Prostitution in Kazakhstan
* Public holidays in Kazakhstan
* Religion in Kazakhstan
** Buddhism in Kazakhstan
** Christianity in Kazakhstan
** Hinduism in Kazakhstan
** Islam in Kazakhstan
** Judaism in Kazakhstan
* List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan

### Art in Kazakhstan

* Cinema of Kazakhstan
* Literature of Kazakhstan
* Music of Kazakhstan
* Television in Kazakhstan

### Sports in Kazakhstan

Sports in Kazakhstan
* Football in Kazakhstan
* Kazakhstan at the Olympics

## Economy and infrastructure of Kazakhstan

Economy of Kazakhstan
* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 55th (fifty-fifth)
* Agriculture in Kazakhstan
* Banking in Kazakhstan
** National Bank of Kazakhstan
* Communications in Kazakhstan
** Internet in Kazakhstan
* Companies of Kazakhstan
* Currency of Kazakhstan: Tenge
** ISO 4217: KZT
* Energy in Kazakhstan
** Energy policy of Kazakhstan
* Health care in Kazakhstan
* Mining in Kazakhstan
* Kazakhstan Stock Exchange
* Tourism in Kazakhstan
* Transport in Kazakhstan
** Airports in Kazakhstan
** Rail transport in Kazakhstan
** Roads in Kazakhstan

## Education in Kazakhstan

Education in Kazakhstan

## Health in Kazakhstan

Health in Kazakhstan