# 74th New York State Legislature

The 74th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to July 11, 1851, during the first year of Washington Hunt's governorship, in Albany.

## Background

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators were elected in single-seat senatorial districts for a two-year term, the whole Senate being renewed biennially. The senatorial districts (except those in New York City) were made up of entire counties. 128 Assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts to a one-year term, the whole Assembly being renewed annually. The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all in the same county. The City and County of New York was divided into four senatorial districts, and 16 Assembly districts.
At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Whig Party. The Whigs were split into two opposing factions: the Seward/Weed faction (the majority, opposed to the Compromise of 1850) and the "Silver Grays" (supporters of President Millard Fillmore and his compromise legislation, led by Francis Granger whose silver gray hair originated the faction's nickname). The Anti-Rent Party mostly endorsed Whig or Democratic nominees. The radical abolitionists appeared as the Liberty Party.

## Elections

The 1850 New York state election was held on November 5.
Washington Hunt (Whig) was elected governor; and Sanford E. Church (Dem.) was elected lieutenant governor. The other three statewide elective offices up for election were carried by the Democrats.
82 Whigs, 44 Democrats and 2 Independents were elected to the State Assembly.

## Sessions

The Legislature met for the regular session at the Old State Capitol in Albany on January 7, 1851; and adjourned on April 17.
Henry J. Raymond (Whig) was elected Speaker with 80 votes against 42 for Noble S. Elderkin (Dem.). Richard U. Sherman (W) was elected Clerk of the Assembly with 81 votes against 44 for the incumbent James R. Rose (D).
On February 4, the Legislature failed to elect a U.S. Senator to succeed Daniel S. Dickinson (Dem.), and the seat became vacant on March 4, 1851.
On February 25, Joseph B. Varnum Jr. was elected Speaker pro tempore, to preside over the Assembly during the absence of Speaker Raymond.
On March 3, Senator William A. Dart questioned the right of Marius Schoonmaker to keep his seat in the Senate. Schoonmaker had been elected to Congress at the last State election, but Congress would not actually meet until December. After some debate, the Senate decided on March 5 that Schoonmaker "is a member of the present Senate... and will remain so, until he accepts the office of member of Congress, or until he otherwise vacates his seat in the Senate."
On March 19, the Legislature elected Hamilton Fish (W) to the vacant seat in the U.S. Senate.
On April 17, twelve Democratic state senators resigned, leaving the Senate without the necessary quorum of two-thirds to pass "An Act to provide for the completion of the Erie canal enlargement, and the Black River and Genesee Valley canals".
On May 27, a special election was held to fill the vacancies in the State Senate. Six of the resigned senators were re-elected; five vacancies were filled with men who later voted for the passage of the bill; and one election resulted in a tie.
The Legislature met for a special session on June 10, 1851; and adjourned on July 11.
Due to ill health, Speaker Raymond did not attend the special session, and Joseph B. Varnum Jr. was again elected Speaker pro tempore, to preside over the Assembly during the special session.
On June 24, the Canal Enlargement Bill was passed in the Senate by a vote of 22 to 8.
On July 2, the Whig majority admitted their party fellow Wiliam J. Gilbert to the vacant seat.

## State Senate
### Districts

* 1st District: Queens, Richmond and Suffolk counties
* 2nd District: Kings County
* 3rd District: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th wards of New York City
* 4th District: 7th, 10th, 13th and 17th wards of New York City
* 5th District: 8th, 9th and 14th wards of New York City
* 6th District: 11th, 12th, 15th, 16th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd wards of New York City
* 7th District: Putnam, Rockland and Westchester counties
* 8th District: Columbia and Dutchess counties
* 9th District: Orange and Sullivan counties
* 10th District: Greene and Ulster counties
* 11th District: Albany and Schenectady counties
* 12th District: Rensselaer County
* 13th District: Saratoga and Washington counties
* 14th District: Clinton, Essex and Warren counties
* 15th District: Franklin and St. Lawrence counties
* 16th District: Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer and Montgomery counties
* 17th District: Delaware and Schoharie counties
* 18th District: Chenango and Otsego counties
* 19th District: Oneida County
* 20th District: Madison and Oswego counties
* 21st District: Jefferson and Lewis counties
* 22nd District: Onondaga County
* 23rd District: Broome, Cortland and Tioga counties
* 24th District: Cayuga and Wayne counties
* 25th District: Seneca, Tompkins and Yates counties
* 26th District: Chemung and Steuben counties
* 27th District: Monroe County
* 28th District: Genesee, Niagara and Orleans counties
* 29th District: Livingston and Ontario counties
* 30th District: Allegany and Wyoming counties
* 31st District: Erie County
* 32nd District: Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties

### Members

The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Caleb Lyon and Moses P. Hatch changed from the Assembly to the Senate between the regular and the special session.
| District | Senator | Party | Notes |
| 1st | William Horace Brown* | Democrat | resigned on April 17; re-elected on May 27; died on July 4, 1851 |
| 2nd | John A. Cross* | Whig | |
| 3rd | Richard S. Williams* | Whig | |
| 4th | Clarkson Crolius* | Whig | |
| 5th | James W. Beekman* | Whig | |
| 6th | Edwin D. Morgan* | Whig | on March 29, elected president pro tempore |
| 7th | Benjamin Brandreth* | Democrat | |
| 8th | John Snyder* | Democrat | resigned on April 17 |
| 8th | Joseph Halstead | Whig | on May 27, elected to fill vacancy, in place of Snyder |
| 9th | James C. Curtis* | Democrat | resigned on April 17; re-elected on May 27 |
| 10th | Marius Schoonmaker* | Whig | on November 5, 1850, elected to the 32nd U.S. Congress; resigned his seat in the State Senate on July 26, 1851 |
| 11th | Stephen H. Johnson* | Whig | |
| 12th | Thomas B. Carroll* | Democrat | |
| 13th | James M. Cook* | Whig | on February 10, elected president pro tempore |
| 14th | Thomas Crook* | Democrat | |
| 15th | William A. Dart* | Democrat | resigned on April 17; re-elected on May 27 |
| 16th | George H. Fox* | Democrat | resigned on April 17 |
| 16th | John Sanford | Democrat | on May 27, elected to fill vacancy, in place of Fox |
| 17th | Sidney Tuttle* | Democrat | resigned on April 17; re-elected on May 27 |
| 18th | John Noyes* | Democrat | resigned on April 17; re-elected on May 27 |
| 19th | Charles A. Mann* | Democrat | resigned on April 17 |
| 19th | Benjamin N. Huntington | Whig | on May 27, elected to fill vacancy, in place of Mann |
| 20th | Asahel C. Stone* | Democrat | resigned on April 17 |
| 20th | Moses P. Hatch | Democrat | on April 17, resigned his seat in the Assembly; on May 27, elected to fill vacancy, in place of Stone |
| 21st | Alanson Skinner* | Democrat | resigned on April 17 |
| 21st | Caleb Lyon | Ind. | on April 26, resigned his seat in the Assembly; on May 27, elected to fill vacancy, in place of Skinner |
| 22nd | George Geddes* | Whig | |
| 23rd | Levi Dimmick* | Whig | resigned on November 12, 1851 |
| 24th | William Beach* | Whig | |
| 25th | Henry B. Stanton* | Democrat | resigned on April 17; re-elected on May 27 |
| 26th | George B. Guinnip* | Democrat | resigned on April 17 |
| 26th | William J. Gilbert | Whig | on July 2, seated by resolution of the State Senate to fill vacancy, in place of Guinnip |
| 27th | Samuel Miller* | Whig | |
| 28th | Alonzo S. Upham* | Whig | |
| 29th | Charles Colt* | Whig | |
| 30th | Charles D. Robinson* | Whig | |
| 31st | George R. Babcock* | Whig | |
| 32nd | Robert Owen Jr.* | Whig | |

### Employees

* Clerk: William H. Bogart
* Sergeant-at-Arms: George W. Bull
* Doorkeeper: Ransom Van Valkenburgh
* Assistant Doorkeeper: George A. Loomis

## State Assembly
### Assemblymen

The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.
Party affiliations follow the vote on Speaker.
| District | District | Assemblymen | Party | Notes |
| Albany | 1st | Robert Babcock | Democrat | |
| Albany | 2nd | Adam I. Shultes | Whig | |
| Albany | 3rd | Hamilton Harris | Whig | |
| Albany | 4th | Eli Perry | Democrat | |
| Allegany | 1st | Emery E. Norton | Whig | |
| Allegany | 2nd | Anson Congdon | Democrat | |
| Broome | Broome | Roger W. Hinds | Whig | |
| Cattaraugus | 1st | Alonzo A. Gregory | Whig | |
| Cattaraugus | 2nd | William J. Nelson | Whig | |
| Cayuga | 1st | Levi Colvin | Democrat | |
| Cayuga | 2nd | George Underwood | Whig | |
| Cayuga | 3rd | Delos Bradley | Whig | |
| Chautauqua | 1st | Austin Smith | Whig | |
| Chautauqua | 2nd | Daniel W. Douglass | Whig | |
| Chemung | Chemung | Samuel Minier | Democrat | |
| Chenango | 1st | Levi Harris | Whig | |
| Chenango | 2nd | Laman Ingersoll | Whig | |
| Clinton | Clinton | Henry G. Hewit | Whig | |
| Columbia | 1st | John D. Langdon | Whig | |
| Columbia | 2nd | Philetus W. Bishop | Whig | |
| Cortland | Cortland | Alvan Kellogg | Whig | |
| Delaware | 1st | Samuel Doyle | Democrat | |
| Delaware | 2nd | William Gleason Jr. | Whig | |
| Dutchess | 1st | Charles Robinson* | Democrat | |
| Dutchess | 2nd | Howland R. Sherman | Whig | |
| Dutchess | 3rd | William H. Feller | Whig | |
| Erie | 1st | Orlando Allen* | Whig | |
| Erie | 2nd | William A. Bird | Whig | |
| Erie | 3rd | Henry Atwood | Whig | |
| Erie | 4th | Charles C. Severance | Whig | |
| Essex | Essex | Abraham Welden | Whig | |
| Franklin | Franklin | William A. Wheeler* | Whig | |
| Fulton and Hamilton | Fulton and Hamilton | John Stewart | Democrat | |
| Genesee | 1st | Albert Rowe | Whig | |
| Genesee | 2nd | Levi Fisk | Whig | |
| Greene | 1st | J. Atwater Cooke | Whig | |
| Greene | 2nd | Henry Kinsley | Democrat | |
| Herkimer | 1st | John H. Wooster | Democrat | |
| Herkimer | 2nd | Daniel Shall | Democrat | |
| Jefferson | 1st | William A. Gilbert | Whig | |
| Jefferson | 2nd | John Pool Jr. | Democrat | |
| Jefferson | 3rd | Lorin Bushnell | Democrat | |
| Kings | 1st | George E. Baker | Whig | |
| Kings | 2nd | Howard C. Cady | Whig | |
| Kings | 3rd | Edward T. Backhouse | Whig | |
| Lewis | Lewis | Caleb Lyon | Ind. | ran as an Independent, but voted for Raymond as Speaker; resigned on April 26; elected to the State Senate on May 27 |
| Lewis | Lewis | Dean S. Howard | | on May 27, elected to fill vacancy, in place of Lyon |
| Livingston | 1st | Alvin Chamberlin | Whig | |
| Livingston | 2nd | Orrin D. Lake | Whig | |
| Madison | 1st | Jairus French | Democrat | |
| Madison | 2nd | Franklin B. Hoppin | Whig | |
| Monroe | 1st | Nathaniel H. Fordyce | Whig | |
| Monroe | 2nd | William A. Fitzhugh | Whig | |
| Monroe | 3rd | Caleb B. Corser | Whig | |
| Montgomery | 1st | Solomon P. Heath | Whig | |
| Montgomery | 2nd | Conrad P. Snell | Democrat | |
| New York | 1st | Albert A. Thompson | Democrat | |
| New York | 2nd | Charles R. Swords | Whig | |
| New York | 3rd | Henry J. Allen* | Democrat | |
| New York | 4th | Abram Wakeman* | Whig | |
| New York | 5th | Michael Dougherty | Democrat | |
| New York | 6th | Wyllis Blackstone | Whig | |
| New York | 7th | Henry J. Raymond* | Whig | elected Speaker |
| New York | 8th | Sanford L. Macomber | Whig | |
| New York | 9th | John Ryan | Whig | |
| New York | 10th | Lebbeus B. Ward | Whig | |
| New York | 11th | James Dewey | Whig | |
| New York | 12th | William S. Gregory | Whig | |
| New York | 13th | Joseph B. Varnum Jr.* | Whig | on February 25, elected Speaker pro tempore; on June 10, re-elected Speaker pro tempore |
| New York | 14th | George Clark | Whig | |
| New York | 15th | John J. Townsend* | Whig | |
| New York | 16th | William D. Greene | Whig | |
| Niagara | 1st | Abijah H. Moss | Whig | |
| Niagara | 2nd | Jeptha W. Babcock | Whig | |
| Oneida | 1st | Joseph Benedict | Whig | |
| Oneida | 2nd | Lorenzo Rouse | Whig | |
| Oneida | 3rd | Lewis Rider | Democrat | |
| Oneida | 4th | George Brayton | Whig | |
| Onondaga | 1st | Demosthenes C. Le Roy | Democrat | |
| Onondaga | 2nd | John F. Clark | Democrat | |
| Onondaga | 3rd | George Stevens | Whig | |
| Onondaga | 4th | Daniel Denison | Democrat | |
| Ontario | 1st | Thomas J. McLouth | Whig | |
| Ontario | 2nd | Henry Pardee | Whig | |
| Orange | 1st | Oliver Belknap | Whig | |
| Orange | 2nd | Phineas Rumsey | Whig | |
| Orange | 3rd | Milton Barnes | Democrat | |
| Orleans | Orleans | Silas M. Burroughs* | Democrat | |
| Oswego | 1st | Moses P. Hatch | Democrat | resigned on April 17; elected to the State Senate on May 27 |
| Oswego | 1st | William P. Curtis | | on May 27, elected to fill vacancy, in place of Hatch |
| Oswego | 2nd | Benjamin F. Lewis | Democrat | |
| Otsego | 1st | Henry J. Campbell | Whig | |
| Otsego | 2nd | Edwin S. Coffin | Ind. | ran as a "Free Soil Independent", but voted for Elderkin as Speaker |
| Otsego | 3rd | Worthington Wright | Democrat | |
| Putnam | Putnam | William Bowne* | Democrat | |
| Queens | Queens | James Maurice | Democrat | |
| Rensselaer | 1st | George Lesley* | Whig | |
| Rensselaer | 2nd | William Russell | Democrat | |
| Rensselaer | 3rd | Oliver C. Thompson | Democrat | |
| Richmond | Richmond | William H. Anthon | Whig | |
| Rockland | Rockland | Jacob Sickles | Democrat | |
| St. Lawrence | 1st | Smith Stilwell | Democrat | |
| St. Lawrence | 2nd | John Horton* | Democrat | |
| St. Lawrence | 3rd | Noble S. Elderkin* | Democrat | |
| Saratoga | 1st | Abraham Leggett | Whig | |
| Saratoga | 2nd | John L. Perry | Whig | |
| Schenectady | Schenectady | Reuben Ellwood | Whig | |
| Schoharie | 1st | Lewis Rockwell | Democrat | |
| Schoharie | 2nd | Abraham L. Lawyer | Democrat | |
| Seneca | Seneca | Orin Southwick | Whig | |
| Steuben | 1st | Charles G. Higby | Democrat | |
| Steuben | 2nd | James H. Miles | Whig | |
| Steuben | 3rd | Joel Carrington | Whig | |
| Suffolk | 1st | Franklin Tuthill | Whig | |
| Suffolk | 2nd | Egbert T. Smith | Democrat | |
| Sullivan | Sullivan | Jonathan Stratton | Democrat | |
| Tioga | Tioga | James Ely | Whig | |
| Tompkins | 1st | Alexander Graham | Whig | |
| Tompkins | 2nd | Benjamin G. Ferris | Whig | |
| Ulster | 1st | William F. Russell | Democrat | |
| Ulster | 2nd | John P. Davis* | Democrat | |
| Warren | Warren | David Noble 2d | Democrat | |
| Washington | 1st | Thomas C. Whiteside | Whig | |
| Washington | 2nd | James Farr | Whig | |
| Wayne | 1st | Edward W. Bottum | Whig | |
| Wayne | 2nd | Theron G. Yeomans | Whig | |
| Westchester | 1st | Daniel Clark Briggs | Whig | |
| Westchester | 2nd | Theodore H. Benedict | Whig | |
| Wyoming | Wyoming | Wolcott J. Humphrey | Whig | |
| Yates | Yates | Samuel Jayne Jr. | Democrat | unsuccessfully contested by John Underwood |

### Employees

* Clerk: Richard U. Sherman
* Sergeant-at-Arms: Willett B. Goddard
* Doorkeeper: Samuel R. Tuell
* First Assistant Doorkeeper: John Parks
* Second Assistant Doorkeeper: Thomas E. Osborn