# Malia, Crete

Malia (Greek: Μάλια) is a coastal town and municipal unit situated in the northeast corner of the Heraklion region of Crete, Greece. It is part of the municipality of Hersonissos and is located approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) east of Heraklion. As of 2021, the population of the municipal unit was 5,501. The area also encompasses the villages of Mochos (Greek: Μοχός), Krasi (Greek: Κράσι), and Stalida (Greek: Σταλίδα), covering a total area of 60.720 square kilometers (23.444 sq mi). Malia is renowned as a tourist destination, particularly famous for its vibrant nightlife. Additionally, the town is home to Minoan ruins located three kilometers to the east, spanning an area of approximately 1 square kilometer (0.4 sq mi).

## Palace of Malia

Close to the modern town lies an archaeological site housing the remains of a Minoan palace and an associated settlement. Dating back to the Middle Bronze Age, the palace suffered destruction from an earthquake during the Late Bronze Age, a fate shared by Knossos and other contemporaneous sites. Subsequently, the palace underwent reconstruction in the latter part of the Late Bronze Age, with the majority of the visible ruins dating from this period. The palace notably includes a sizable central courtyard measuring 48m x 23m. Positioned on the southern side are two sets of ascending steps, alongside a network of small chambers. An intriguing feature within the premises is a carved stone known as a kernos stone, resembling a millstone with an attached cup. On the northern side of the courtyard, storage rooms containing large earthenware pithos jars, some reaching heights of up to two meters. These vessels were utilized for storing various commodities such as grain and olive oil, with the rooms featuring a sophisticated drainage system designed to manage spilled liquids.
The palace of Malia was initially uncovered in 1915 by Greek archaeologist Joseph Hadzidakis. Subsequent excavation work commenced in 1922 under the auspices of the French School at Athens in collaboration with Greek scholars. Jean Charbonneaux oversaw the excavation of the Central Court starting in 1921. Following World War I, Fernand Chapouthier and Pierre Demargne resumed excavations, unearthing the palace and its residential neighborhood. In the 1950s, further excavation efforts were led by Micheline and Henri van Effenterre, Andre Dessene, Olivier Pelon, and Jean-Claude Poursat, who explored different sections of the site. Pascal and Claude Darcque Bourrain conducted additional investigations in 1981, focusing on the northwest corner of the palace. Soundings conducted by Olivier Pelon in 1981 and 1982 provided new insights into the palace's precursors. Since 1988, Alexandre Farnoux and Jan Driessen have continued excavation work at the site.
The Palace of Malia covers a floor area of 7,500 square meters and is aligned along a north-south axis, consistent with other Minoan palaces. In terms of architectural design and amenities, it is comparatively smaller and less elaborate than palaces like Knossos and Phaestos.
The Palace of Malia exhibits distinctive features that set it apart from other Minoan palaces. These include the presence of eight kouloures or silos located in the southwest corner, an oblique building situated in the north court, and an altar positioned in the Central Court.
The Central Court serves as the focal point around which various districts or ensembles are organized, interconnected by corridors and pathways. Each of these quarters is designated for specific functions, but they are best understood individually before considering their placement within the overall layout. Olivier Pelon identified four distinct functional areas: representative, residential, cultic-religious, and economic (Magazine).
Radiating outwards from the Central Court, the rooms were arranged centrifugally, resulting in the characteristic projections and recesses typical of Minoan Palace facades. The façade was imbued with a distinct significance:
The west façade holds particular significance at Malia. It features meticulously carved cuboid blocks of sandstone centrally placed atop a base running the full width (known as Ashlar masonry), with limestone blocks at the edges. These elements epitomize the typical attributes of Minoan façades, characterized by a succession of projecting and recessed walls.
The west façade is preceded by a sizable courtyard known as the West Court, measuring 100 meters long and 20 meters wide. Olivier Pelon identifies it as a transitional zone between the residential and administrative areas, bridging the secular and religious realms. Originally, the entire West Court was constructed with Kalderim, featuring 1.05-meter-wide limestone slabs. These "raised walks" likely served as ceremonial paths, leading to key points within the structure.
The West Court is flanked to the north and south by noteworthy complexes: to the north is the "Hypostyle Crypt," subject to much discussion. This space, connected underground to several storage areas, possibly served as a meeting place for councils during the era of the early palaces. To the south, large storage chambers were partially unearthed, not directly connected to the palace architecturally but evidently linked during the Protopalatial period. Many of these rooms still contain numerous Pithoi, or large storage jars.
Through archaeological soundings and dating analysis, the site reveals a core dating back to the Early Minoan III to Middle Minoan IA periods (mid 3rd millennium BCE/2300–1900 BCE). This pre-palatial phase is evident along the west façade (Quarter I) and in the north of the Central Court (Quartier IX). The construction of the initial palace structure occurred during the Middle Minoan IB to Middle Minoan II periods (1900–1700 BCE), similar to contemporary palatial sites.
During the subsequent New Palace Period, two major phases emerged, spanning Middle Minoan III and Late Minoan IA (1700–1450 BCE). The first palace, built around 1900 BCE, likely succumbed to an earthquake around 1700 BCE. This period witnessed the development of an urban center with settlements, the palace, villas, workshops, and cemeteries. While little remains visible from this stage within the palace, surrounding complexes like the "Hypostyle Crypt," "Agora," and "Quartier Mu" indicate the political center of the time.
The New Palace, constructed circa 1650 BCE, was later destroyed around 1450 BCE, akin to Phaestos and Zakros, possibly due to the eruption of Thera, subsequent earthquakes, or Mycenaean invasions. The palace was encompassed by a Minoan town, recently uncovered with ongoing excavations. Large semi-transparent roofs shield significant excavation areas, allowing tourist access in some sections while walkways enable passage above others. Identified structures include metal and ceramic workshops, meeting rooms, and a large residential dwelling with an en-suite bath, reminiscent of designs at Phaistos, all strategically positioned to maximize scenic views.

## Malia resort

Malia has transformed into a prominent holiday destination, boasting a bustling holiday resort characterized by tourism and commercial activities. The town's economy thrives on hotels, restaurants, gift shops, bars, and nightclubs, catering to the needs of tourists. Renowned for its vibrant nightlife, Malia has emerged as a top tourist hub in Crete and Europe, drawing comparisons to destinations like Ibiza and Magaluf. Predominantly frequented by young visitors from the United Kingdom and Northern Europe, Malia's nightlife scene is elevated by the presence of renowned DJs and events. The Main Strip serves as the focal point, hosting a plethora of bars, clubs, taverns, and restaurants, complemented by nearby accommodation options including hotels and apartments.
Malia boasts a scenic sandy beach stretching from the base of the strip and extending eastward toward the vicinity of the Minoan palace of Malia.
In the past, Malia was renowned for its agricultural output and iconic windmills. Presently, it's celebrated for its pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and the historic Minoan Palace of King Sarpidon, one of Crete's prominent ancient sites. The town offers a blend of tradition and modernity, divided by the main road. To the south lies the old town, characterized by charming alleyways and traditional architecture, including renovated buildings and ancient churches. Visitors can explore traditional taverns and restaurants. In contrast, the newer part of town, located north of the main road, features a vibrant nightlife scene with numerous bars and clubs, alongside shopping opportunities and eateries serving traditional cuisine.
Malia gained prominence as the setting for the 2011 British comedy film, The Inbetweeners Movie, depicting a lads' holiday adventure of the main characters. Over the years, Malia has seen a surge in popularity, surpassing other holiday resorts like Ayia Napa and Zante. Independent reviews of booking data from various travel agents indicated Malia as the favored destination among young adults in 2013. Additionally, the 2023 film How to Have Sex was also filmed in Malia.

## Villages in Municipal Unit of Malia
### Krasi village

Krasi village is situated approximately 46.3 km southeast of Heraklion city and just 6 km south of Malia town, nestled inland within Hersonissos Municipality at an elevation of 600 m. Its residents primarily engage in agricultural pursuits, particularly olive cultivation and livestock farming. A notable feature of the village is its square, adorned with three ancient plane trees. Located on the southern side of the village is the "Megalh Vrish- Ydragogio" fountain, which continues to supply water for local agricultural irrigation and the surrounding area. The village's church, Metamorphosis Sotiros, boasts intricate frescoes and a finely carved wooden temple. An archaeological highlight of the area is the "Protominoikos Tafos," a tomb unearthed in 1929 by Spiridon Marinatos, predating the Minoan era. Krasi also boasts a rich tradition in music and dance.

### Mochos village

Mochos village is situated approximately 12 km south of Stalis village, nestled on the mountainside about 45 km southeast of Heraklion city, within Hersonissos Municipality at an elevation of 400 m. It is renowned for its preservation of 16th-century architecture, featuring a splendid village square. Annually, on the 15th of August, the village hosts a celebration in honor of the Virgin Mary, drawing a large gathering of individuals who indulge in traditional culinary delights and revel in the sounds of Cretan traditional music and dance until the early hours of the morning. A visit to the Folklore Museum of Mochos offers insights into traditional Cretan life through the presentation of a typical Cretan house and a collection of tools and objects from traditional occupations of old.

### Stalis village

Stalis village, situated 31 km east of Heraklion city, lies just 3 km east of Hersonissos village and 3 km from Malia town. As a coastal resort, Stalis offers various amenities, including shops, restaurants, and accommodation options. It's popular among families for its serene ambiance and fully-equipped beaches. Stalis provides easy access to nearby nightlife hotspots in Malia and Hersonissos. The village hosts the annual Xwrodeion event on August 12th, featuring Cretan traditions and local delicacies. Admission to this event is free.