# Nash County, North Carolina

Nash County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 94,970. Its county seat is Nashville.
Nash County is part of the Rocky Mount, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

The area eventually comprising Nash County was originally organized as a part of Edgecombe County. Settlement first occurred in the 1740s; the earliest land grants date to 1743. As the population of Edgecombe increased, citizens in the western portion of the county found it difficult to travel to the county seat of Tarboro to conduct official business. Legislator Nathan Boddie proposed to the North Carolina Provincial Congress that the county be divided. As a result, Nash was formed from all parts of Edgecombe west of the Falls of the Tar River in 1777. It was named for American Revolutionary War Brigadier General Francis Nash, who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Germantown. The first session of the county court met on April 1, 1778, in the home of Micajah Thomas. Court was then held in a temporary building at Peach Tree until a permanent courthouse was erected in Nashville in 1784. Nashville was formally designated the seat of county government in 1815 and was incorporated in 1823. In 1833, the county's first courthouse burned down and was replaced by a brick building.
In 1786, the state of North Carolina conducted a census which recorded a total population of 5,277 in Nash County. The first U.S. Census in 1790 recorded a total population of 7,393, of whom 2,099 were slaves, 183 were free blacks, and the rest whites. Several early communities in Nash County developed as stops along stagecoach routes, including Dortches, Red Oak, Stanhope, Hilliardston, and Castalia. Settlement also occurred along rivers and creeks, accompanied by the construction of gristmills. In the 1830s the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad was laid, leading to further settlement. The building of a spur line in 1840 led to the eventual creation of the community of Whitakers. By the 1860s, Nash County had a population over 11,600 and an economy centered on agriculture. In 1855, parts of Nash, Edgecombe, Johnston, and Wayne counties were combined to form Wilson County. Over 1,000 men from the county fought in the American Civil War.
In 1871, after significant political controversy, all parts of Edgecombe County west of the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad were annexed to Nash leading to the bifurcation of the Edgecombe communities of Battleboro and Sharpsburg between the two counties. As a result of the boundary shift, Nash County's black population grew and a greater portion of the town of Rocky Mount also lay within Nash County's border, including Rocky Mount Mills, the second textile mill to exist within in the state. In 1899, the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad established repair shops in Rocky Mount, precipitating the city's rapid growth. In 1921 the county's third courthouse was built.

## Geography

Nash County rests in the northeastern part of North Carolina along the dividing line between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 542.82 square miles (1,405.9 km$^2$), of which 540.44 square miles (1,399.7 km$^2$) is land and 2.38 square miles (6.2 km$^2$) (0.44%) is covered by water. Elevation in the county gradually rises from the east to the west.

### State and local protected areas

* Flower Hill Nature Preserve (part)
* Sandy Creek Game Land (part)
* Shocco Creek Game Land (part)

### Major water bodies

* Fishing Creek
* Moccasin Creek
* Pig Basket Creek
* Sapony Creek
* Stoney Creek
* Swift Creek
* Tar River
* Tar River Reservoir
* Toisnot Swamp
* Turkey Creek

### Adjacent counties

* Franklin County
* Johnston County
* Wilson County
* Edgecombe County
* Halifax County

### Major highways

* Future I-87
* I-95
* Future I-587
* US 64
* US 64 Alt.
* US 64 Bus. (Nashville)
* US 64 Bus. (Rocky Mount)
* US 264
* US 264 Alt.
* US 301
* US 301 Bus.
* NC 4
* NC 33
* NC 43
* NC 43 Bus.
* NC 48
* NC 56
* NC 58
* NC 97
* NC 98
* NC 231
* NC 561
* NC 581

### Major infrastructure

* Rocky Mount-Wilson Regional Airport

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Nash County racial composition :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 46,317 | 48.77% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 36,679 | 38.62% |
| Native American | 615 | 0.65% |
| Asian | 904 | 0.95% |
| Pacific Islander | 28 | 0.03% |
| Other/Mixed | 3,105 | 3.27% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 7,322 | 7.71% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 94,970 people, 37,574 households, and 27,002 families residing in the county.

### Demographic change

Historical population :
After decades of growth, between 2010 and 2020, Nash County recorded an almost one percent population loss.

## Government and politics
### Government

Nash County is run by a commission–manager government. Legislative and policy-making power is vested in a seven-member board of commissioners, with the commissioners elected in districts to serve four-year staggered terms. The board passes ordinances, adopts the county budget, and appoints the county manager. The manager wields executive authority over county administration, appoints directors of county government departments, and implement the commission's decisions. County government provides various services, including public safety, social services, cultural activities, and the provision of utilities.
Nash County is represented in the General Assembly by the Senate's 11th district and the House of Representatives' 24th and 25th districts. It lies within the bounds of North Carolina's 8th Prosecutorial District, the 8A Superior Court District, and the 8th District Court District.
Nash County is a member of the regional Upper Coastal Plain Council of Governments.

### Politics

From the turn of the 20th century North Carolina established barriers that effectively disfranchised the large black population, which had been supporting Republican candidates. Conservative whites voted overwhelmingly Democratic and the county and state were part of the resulting political "Solid South" county. Although it gave a plurality to Populist candidate James B. Weaver in 1892, unlike Sampson County or Alabama's Chilton County, it did not subsequently turn to the Republican Party.
Nash County would vote Democratic in every election from 1896 to 1964 – in Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman's five elections, the Republicans never received eleven percent of the county's limited electorate's ballots. Many whites supported George Wallace's American Independent candidacy in 1968, after passage of the Voting Rights Act. More voted Republican for the first time in 1972.
While Nash voters supported favorite son and Southern Democrat Jimmy Carter in 1976, the county's majority white voters shifted to Republican candidates from 1980 to 2004. But the last four elections have been closely contested. The margin of victory has been less than 1,000 votes in every election since. Nash County has emerged in recent years as a swing county and a bellwether county. As of 2024, it is the only North Carolina county to support the winning U.S. presidential election four times in a row, supporting Barack Obama in 2012, Donald Trump in 2016, Joe Biden in 2020, and Trump in 2024. In 2024, it also split its majority vote between Republican and Democratic statewide candidates.
United States presidential election results for Nash County, North Carolina :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 26,431 | 50.37% | 25,508 | 48.61% | 532 | 1.01% |
| 2020 | 25,827 | 49.41% | 25,947 | 49.64% | 497 | 0.95% |
| 2016 | 23,319 | 48.92% | 23,235 | 48.75% | 1,111 | 2.33% |
| 2012 | 23,842 | 49.17% | 24,313 | 50.14% | 337 | 0.69% |
| 2008 | 23,728 | 50.36% | 23,099 | 49.02% | 291 | 0.62% |
| 2004 | 21,902 | 58.14% | 15,693 | 41.66% | 78 | 0.21% |
| 2000 | 17,995 | 58.97% | 12,376 | 40.56% | 142 | 0.47% |
| 1996 | 15,309 | 54.17% | 11,142 | 39.42% | 1,811 | 6.41% |
| 1992 | 14,446 | 48.34% | 10,809 | 36.17% | 4,631 | 15.50% |
| 1988 | 15,906 | 64.34% | 8,740 | 35.35% | 76 | 0.31% |
| 1984 | 17,295 | 66.73% | 8,588 | 33.14% | 34 | 0.13% |
| 1980 | 11,043 | 56.34% | 8,184 | 41.75% | 374 | 1.91% |
| 1976 | 8,477 | 48.12% | 8,937 | 50.73% | 202 | 1.15% |
| 1972 | 12,679 | 71.39% | 4,503 | 25.35% | 579 | 3.26% |
| 1968 | 4,602 | 24.08% | 5,283 | 27.64% | 9,230 | 48.29% |
| 1964 | 6,396 | 41.11% | 9,163 | 58.89% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 3,896 | 27.86% | 10,086 | 72.14% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 2,665 | 21.09% | 9,969 | 78.91% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 2,636 | 20.18% | 10,424 | 79.82% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 684 | 7.98% | 7,590 | 88.50% | 302 | 3.52% |
| 1944 | 876 | 10.36% | 7,577 | 89.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 613 | 6.76% | 8,456 | 93.24% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 517 | 5.62% | 8,682 | 94.38% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 532 | 6.61% | 7,472 | 92.79% | 49 | 0.61% |
| 1928 | 2,066 | 32.72% | 4,249 | 67.28% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 823 | 20.16% | 3,129 | 76.63% | 131 | 3.21% |
| 1920 | 1,556 | 27.85% | 4,031 | 72.15% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 826 | 27.22% | 2,189 | 72.15% | 19 | 0.63% |
| 1912 | 172 | 6.49% | 1,862 | 70.21% | 618 | 23.30% |
| 1908 | 1,334 | 44.29% | 1,678 | 55.71% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1904 | 645 | 31.02% | 1,428 | 68.69% | 6 | 0.29% |
| 1900 | 1,337 | 33.96% | 2,600 | 66.04% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1896 | 1,699 | 36.81% | 2,916 | 63.17% | 1 | 0.02% |
| 1892 | 476 | 16.96% | 997 | 35.53% | 1,333 | 47.51% |
| 1888 | 1,719 | 44.08% | 2,181 | 55.92% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1884 | 1,556 | 45.75% | 1,845 | 54.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1880 | 1,406 | 46.59% | 1,612 | 53.41% | 0 | 0.00% |

### Sheriff

The Sheriff's Office provides police services for the unincorporated areas of the county.

## Economy

As of 2023, the biggest sectors in Nash County's economy were manufacturing, healthcare and social services, retail, food and accommodation services, and education. The largest private employer is Hospira, which operates a vaccine manufacturing facility in Rocky Mount.
As of 2023, over 40 percent of the county's area is cultivated farmland. Its top agricultural products are poultry, eggs, tobacco, and sweet potatoes. Nash is one of the top sweet potato-producing counties in the state.

## Communities
### Cities

* Rocky Mount (largest community; parts located in Edgecombe County)

### Towns

* Bailey
* Castalia
* Dortches
* Middlesex
* Momeyer
* Nashville (county seat)
* Red Oak
* Spring Hope
* Sharpsburg (part)
* Whitakers (part)
* Zebulon (part)

### Townships

* Bailey
* Castalia
* Coopers
* Dry Wells
* Ferrells
* Griffins
* Jackson
* Mannings
* Nashville
* North Whitakers
* Oak Level
* Red Oak
* Rocky Mount
* Spring Hope
* South Whitakers
* Stony Creek

### Unincorporated community

* Corinth