OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute

The W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute, formerly the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research, is part of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research located at Harvard University. Its main work is in the provision of fellowships to scholars studying a wide variety of topics relating to its central concerns, which are African and African American studies.

## History

The W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research was established in 1975. It is named after W. E. B. Du Bois, who was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University (1895).
The center was the basis for the foundation of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research, and became one of several institutes under the umbrella of this center.

## Functions

The Institute awards up to twenty fellowships annually to scholars at various stages in their careers in the fields of African and African American studies to facilitate the writing of doctoral dissertations. The appointed fellows conduct individual research for a semester or two in fields broadly related to African and African American Studies. It has as of 2020 supported more than 300 Fellows.
The institute co-hosts the W. E. B. Du Bois Society, an academic and cultural enrichment program for African American secondary school students, along with Ella J. Baker House in Dorchester, Boston. The society was founded by Jacqueline and Rev. Eugene C. Rivers, and its director as of 2020 is Jacqueline O. Cooke Rivers.
Henry Louis Gates Jr. is the director of the institute.
In 2013 the institute alongside the Hip-Hop Archive and Research Institute established the Nasir Jones Hip-Hop Fellowship as a scholarship for the arts.
# Gardiner, Washington

Gardiner is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Washington, United States. Additionally, part of Clallam County, located along the Jefferson County line adjacent to Gardiner is often referred to as being part of Gardiner.

## History

Timber in the area was originally cleared in the late 19th century, as was much of Discovery Bay, and was planted with fruit trees – primarily apples and pears. Gardiner took the name of the original farmer, Herbert Gardner. The spelling was eventually changed to its current form, due to a conflict with another Gardner, Washington; this was needed to enable mail delivery. Gardiner lost its post office in the 1990s and residents were given mailing addresses in Sequim, Washington.

## Geography

Gardiner is located on the Miller Peninsula, at the northern coast of the Olympic Peninsula on Discovery Bay, which enters the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Gardiner is primarily a rural-residential community, with mostly five- and 20-acre (81,000 m$^2$) parcels, plus several large landholders. Gardiner also has a few retail establishments, a community center, and a church, all located on U.S. Route 101. There is still some farming, lumbering, and fishing, but the area is following the Jefferson County trend away from agriculture, as old homesteads and family farms get subdivided into residences.
The community has roughly 300 people, and is located 12 miles (19 km) east of Sequim, just north of U.S. Route 101.

## Parks and recreation

Gardiner has a public boat ramp that provides access to Discovery Bay; the ramp is maintained by the Port of Port Townsend. Popular salmon fishing derbies are held here each February; in the 2011 event, 760 ticket holders fished in an area spanning 500 square miles.
# 11:11 (Biig Piig album)

11:11 is the debut studio album by Irish singer Biig Piig. It was released through Sony Music on 7 February 2025, and was met with favourable reviews.

## Background and release

Leading up to the release of 11:11, Biig Piig released three singles: "4AM" on 27 September 2024, "Decimal" on 11 October 2024, and "Favourite Girl" on 23 October 2024. Alongside the release of "Favourite Girl", she announced the title of the album.
11:11 was released through Sony Music on 7 February 2025. It is Biig Piig's debut album, and follows her debut mixtape Bubblegum (2023).

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Beats Per Minute | 72% |
| Clash | 7/10 |
| DIY | |
| The Observer | |
| The Skinny | |
According to the review aggregator Metacritic, 11:11 received "generally favorable reviews" based on a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 from 6 critic scores. It received positive reviews from DIY, Clash, and Beats Per Minute, and mixed reviews from The Skinny and The Observer.

## Charts

Chart performance for 11:11 :
| Chart (2025) | Peak position |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 75 |
# The Claw

The Claw may refer to:

## Characters

* The Claw (Dick Tracy), a fictional character in the Dick Tracy film serial Dick Tracy's Dilemma
* The Claw (Lev Gleason Publications), a fictional golden-age comic book villain
* The Claw, the main villain in the animated series Karate Kommandos

## Film

* The Claw (1918 film), an American silent film
* The Claw (1927 film), an American silent film

## Literature

* The Claw (novel), a 1911 novel by Cynthia Stockley
* The Claw, a 1981 novel by Norah Lofts
* The Claw, a 1983 novel by Ramsey Campbell
* The Claw, a 1995 novel in the Point Horror series by Carmen Adams

## Television

* "The Claw", Bluey series 1, episode 19 (2018)
* "The Claw", Dark Knight season 2, episode 4 (2001)
* "The Claw", Hong Kong Phooey episode 9a (1974)

## Other uses

* The Claw (Dreamworld), an Intamin Gyro Swing located at Dreamworld on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
* "The Claw", a guitar instrumental composition by Jerry Reed
* The Claw (University of South Florida), a golf and cross country course
* White Memorial Fountain, nicknamed The Claw, a fountain at Stanford University that resembles a claw

## People

* Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas, Mexican suspected drug lord nicknamed "la Garra" ("the Claw")
* Peter Clohessy (born 1966), Irish former rugby union footballer nicknamed "the Claw"
# Julien Fraipont

Julien Jean Joseph Fraipont (17 August 1857 – 22 March 1910) was a Belgian paleontologist who worked as a professor of zoology at the University of Liège and is best known for his descriptive work on Neanderthal man. His son Charles Fraipont also became a paleontologist.
Fraipont was born in Liege where his father directed a bank. He went to study humanities at the University of Liege so as to be able to work at his father's bank but shifted to the natural sciences after listening to the zoology lectures of Edouard Van Beneden. In 1881 he became an assistant to Van Beneden and began to lecture in paleontology from 1884, taking the position of Gustave Dewalque. In 1886 he became a professor and served as a rector in 1909. His major work was in the anatomical examination of the Neanderthal fossils found along with Max Lohest and others in Spy cave in 1886. He also worked on the systematics of the protozoa, hydrozoa, cestodes and the Archiannelida. He also wrote a monograph on the genus Okapia which was discovered in the then Belgian Congo.
# Jessica Gavora

Jessica Lynn Gavora (born 1963) is an American conservative writer on politics and culture, a speechwriter, and a former policy advisor at the United States Department of Justice.

## Early life and education

Gavora was born in Fairbanks, Alaska, one of nine children of Paul (1931–2018) and Donna Gavora (1931-2017), the owners of shopping centers, beverage stores and other businesses. She grew up in Fairbanks where she played high school basketball against future Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin. She studied political science and journalism at Marquette University, then earned a master's degree in American foreign policy and international economics from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University in 1993.

## Career

In the 1990s, she was director of programs at the New Citizenship Project, an organization which initiated the neoconservative Project for the New American Century. Gavora later became U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft's chief speechwriter and was a senior policy adviser at the U.S. Department of Justice. She worked as a speechwriter and advisor for Nikki Haley during Haley's time as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. She has written speeches for various public figures, including former House speaker Newt Gingrich, and former U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales. In November 2010, Sarah Palin cited Gavora for her "important work" on Palin's book, America by Heart: Reflections on Family, Faith, and Flag.
Gavora is the author of the 2001 book Tilting the Playing Field: Schools, Sports, Sex, and Title IX, a critical review of the effect that gender equity policies have had on male and female school sports (ISBN 978-1893554801). She has written for conservative magazines including The Weekly Standard and National Review.

## Personal life

Gavora has been married to conservative commentator Jonah Goldberg since 2001. She and Goldberg have one child and they live in the Washington, D.C., area.
# Christian Marty

Christian Henri Marty (12 November 1945 – 25 July 2000) was a French pilot who served as the captain of Air France Flight 4590. Prior to the crash, Marty was an athlete in extreme sports.

## Athletic career

Marty specialized in long-distance windsurfing, as well as rally driving, cycling, skiing, and hang-gliding. In 1980, Marty windsurfed from Nice, France, to Calvi, Corsica, covering a distance of 169 kilometres (105 mi; 91 nmi).
Equipped with a specially designed sailboard and accompanied by a supply boat, he embarked from Dakar, Senegal on his first, though unsuccessful, attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean on 28 November 1981. His second attempt, on 12 December 1981, was successful and he arrived in Kourou, French Guiana, on 18 January 1982, making him the first person to cross the Atlantic on a sailboard. In total he covered a distance of 4,222 kilometres (2,623 mi; 2,280 nmi) in nearly 38 days.

## Aviation career

Marty obtained his pilot's license on 12 July 1967. Two years later, in 1969, he earned his commercial pilot's license and began flying for the prestigious Air France. During his career, Marty was a pilot and flight instructor, operating a range of aircraft models including the Boeing 727 and 737, as well as the Airbus A300, A320, and A340.
He joined the elite ranks of pilots certified to fly Concorde airliners on 16 August 1999.

## Death

On 25 July 2000, Marty served as captain onboard Air France Flight 4590, operating the route from Paris to New York City. Accompanied by first officer Jean Marcot and flight engineer Gilles Jardinaud, Marty commenced a routine taxi down the runway to takeoff. During the process, the aircraft's landing gear ran over a metal strip dropped by another aircraft. This damaged a tire, punctured the fuel tank and ignited an in-flight fire. The situation quickly escalated, causing the aircraft to lose control. It crashed into a hotel located in Gonesse, near Charles de Gaulle Airport, claiming the lives of all 109 people onboard the aircraft as well as four additional individuals on the ground.
# TTF Liebherr Ochsenhausen

Tischtennisfreunde Liebherr Ochsenhausen is a table tennis club based in Ochsenhausen, Germany. The men's team plays in the Bundesliga. The main sponsor is the company Liebherr.

## History

The club was founded in 1956. After the players Jindřich Panský (CSSR), Rudi Stumper and Erwin Becker strengthened the team in 1989, the club managed to advance from the regional league to the 2nd Bundesliga under manager Rainer Ihle (1955-2013). The club first played in the Bundesliga (the top tier of German table tennis) during the 1994-1995 season. The club has since become one of the most successful and well-known teams in German table tennis, consistently competing at the highest level. In 1996, Ochsenhausen defeated the team from TSV Maxell-Sontheim in the final of the ETTU Cup. The 1996/97 season was very successful, with the team winning the German championship and also defending the ETTU Cup.

## Honors

* 1. Tischtennis-Bundesliga: 4
** Gold: 1997, 2000, 2004, 2019
* German Cup: 5
** Gold: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2019, 2025
* ETTU Cup: 2
** Gold: 1996, 1997

## Team
### Current squad

    Squad for the 2024–25 season
* Hugo Calderano
* Tiago Abiodun
* Leonardo Iizuka
* Simon Gauzy
* Shunsuke Togami
* Bogdan Pugna

### Notable players

* Can Akkuzu
* Tiago Apolónia
* Chen Xinhua
* Chuang Chih-yuan
* Adrian Crișan
* Jakub Dyjas
* Stefan Fegerl
* Ruwen Filus
* Peter Franz
* Marcos Freitas
* Andrej Gaćina
* João Geraldo
* Pär Gerell
* Jang Woo-jin
* Kanak Jha
* Seiya Kishikawa
* Fedor Kuzmin
* Kong Linghui
* Leung Chu Yan
* Jens Lundqvist
* Ma Wenge
* Dmitry Mazunov
* João Monteiro
* Jindřich Panský
* Jörgen Persson
* Liam Pitchford
* Richard Prause
* Álvaro Robles
* Borys Rozenberh
* Ryu Seung-min
* Kirill Skachkov
* Alexey Smirnov
* Dániel Zwickl

## Youth development

The club is known for its good youth training. The Sparkassen Table Tennis Performance Center was built and opened in April 2012 at the initiative of former president Rainer Ihle and manager Kristijan Pejinovic. The Liebherr Masters College (LMC) is also based here. Professional trainers educate regional, national and international talents here and, if successful, transfer them to partner clubs with the aim of integrating these talents into the Bundesliga team at a later stage.
# Alberto Rodríguez (baseball)

Alberto Rodríguez (born October 6, 2000) is a Dominican Republic professional baseball outfielder who is a free agent.

## Career
### Toronto Blue Jays

On July 2, 2017, Rodríguez signed with the Toronto Blue Jays as an international free agent. He made his professional debut the following year with the Dominican Summer League Blue Jays, hitting .254 with five home runs, 34 RBI, and 21 stolen bases across 61 appearances. In 2019, Rodríguez played in 47 games for the rookie-level Gulf Coast League Blue Jays, slashing .301/.364/.422 with two home runs, 29 RBI, and 13 stolen bases. He did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

### Seattle Mariners

On September 1, 2020, the Blue Jays traded Rodríguez to the Seattle Mariners as the player to be named later for a previous trade that saw Toronto acquire Taijuan Walker. He played the 2021 campaign with the Single-A Modesto Nuts and High-A Everett AquaSox, posting a cumulative .289/.379/.470 batting line with 10 home runs, 65 RBI, and 15 stolen bases over 100 games.
On November 18, 2021, the Mariners added Rodríguez to their 40-man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. In 2022, Rodríguez appeared in 119 games for the High-A Everett AquaSox, slashing .261/.336/.396 with 10 home runs and 46 RBI.
On January 17, 2023, Rodríguez was designated for assignment by Seattle following the acquisition of J. B. Bukauskas. On January 24, Rodríguez cleared waivers and was sent outright to High-A Everett. In 118 contests split between Everett and the Double-A Arkansas Travelers, he batted a combined .300/.381/.504 with career-highs in home runs (14) and RBI (85).
Rodríguez returned to Arkansas in 2024, playing in 93 games and batting .241/.287/.329 with three home runs, 47 RBI, and 10 stolen bases. He elected free agency following the season on November 4, 2024.
# Father of the Godfathers

Father of the Godfathers (Italian: Corleone) is a 1978 Italian crime film directed by Pasquale Squitieri. It stars Claudia Cardinale, Giuliano Gemma and Tony Kendall and is set in Sicily in the 1950s. Gemma was awarded 1979 Best Actor at the Montréal World Film Festival for his role.

## Cast

* Giuliano Gemma: Vito Gargano
* Claudia Cardinale: Rosa Accordino
* Francisco Rabal: Don Giusto Provenzano
* Stefano Satta Flores: Lawyer Natale Calia
* Michele Placido: Michele Labruzzo
* Salvatore Billa: Carmelo
* Remo Girone: Biagio Lo Cascio
* Enrico Maisto: Matteo Aqueci
* Tommaso Palladino: Vincenzo Campisi
* Tony Kendall: Totò Sferlazzo
* Orazio Orlando: Prosecutor

## Production

Father of the Godfathers was inspired by Orazio Barrese's book I complici, Gli anni dell'antimafia. The book was the story of the Mafia boss Luciano Liggio. After the release of Squitieri's previous film I Am the Law, Mario Cecchi Gori approached him to make an adaptation. Barrese and Squitieri were friends, but later stated that "I don't consider Father of the Godfathers as one of my best works, it's definitely inferior to I Am the Law."

## Release

Father of the Godfathers was distributed theatrically in Italy by Cineriz on 4 November 1978. Film historian and critic Roberto Curti stated that the film was a huge commercial success in Italy, grossing 2,304,300,190 Italian lire.

## Reception

From a contemporary review, film critic Lino Micciche wrote that the film "is harmed by the multiplicity of tones, rhythms and styles, which foul up the results in both directions it aims at, therefore the film oscillates [...] between popular ballad and turgid comic book, historical recreation and inquiry, the Western genre and committed cinema, echoing from time to time Germi and Rosi, Petri and Damiani[...]."
# Fayd al-Qadir

Fayd al-Qadir Sharh al-Jami al-Saghir (Arabic: فيض القدير شرح الجامع الصغير, romanized: Fayḍ al-Qadīr Sharḥ al-Jāmīʿ al-Ṣaghīr) is a multi-volume commentary on al-Suyuti's hadith collection titled Al-Jami' al-Saghir. Fayd al-Qadir is an exhaustive commentary by al-Munawi. Considered his most popular work, it is a very popular book amongst Sunnis.

## Description

The author extracts linguistic, aqidah, and fiqh benefits from the ahadith and connecting the narrations to other verses, ahadith, and statements of the scholars, Imam al-Munawi's explanation is distinctive in that it organises the ahadith in alphabetical order. This collection, which is frequently referenced, is drawn from well-known hadith literature. The author reconciles the seemingly different hadiths and brings them together. He also grades the hadiths by scanning the narrators through his knowledge in Ilm al-rijal and criticizes it by pointing out weak or fabricated narrations.
# Conversations (Sara Groves album)

Conversations is the first studio album and second album overall from Christian singer-songwriter Sara Groves, and was released on March 20, 2001, by INO Records. The producer on the album is Nate Sabin.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| CCM Magazine | unrated |
| Christianity Today | unrated |
| Cross Rhythms | |
| New Release Tuesday | |
At Christianity Today, Russ Breimeier gave an unrated review, calling this a "truly outstanding album." Sue Rann of Cross Rhythms rated the album nine out of ten squares, proclaiming this to be "Great stuff from a transparently gifted American singer/songwriter hearteningly offering musical and lyrical intelligence in a scene heavy with disposable Nashville pop." At CCM Magazine, Michele Howe gave an unrated review, affirming that "Conversations is a rare find for those who seek, yes, thirst for honest answers to life's difficult questions", and noting how "Listeners will happily surrender to Sara Groves' soulful, rich vocals, which declare with stumbling humility our ongoing search for God." Kevin Davis of New Release Tuesday rated the album four-and-a-half stars, exclaiming that this is a "perfect debut album with standout songs". However, Allmusic's Ashleigh Kittle rated the album just two-and-a-half stars in the only mixed review and rating on the project.

## Commercial performance

For the Billboard charting week of April 7, 2001, Conversations ranked at No. 35 for the best-selling albums in the Christian music market via the Christian Albums position.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sara Groves

## Personnel

* Sara Groves – vocals, arrangements, backing vocals (2, 5, 6, 11), acoustic piano (12, 13)
* Jeff Roach – acoustic piano (1-6, 8, 9, 11), keyboards (2, 3, 5-7, 10, 11)
* Gary Burnett – guitars (1-3, 5-9, 11), electric guitar (4), acoustic guitar (10)
* Peter Ostroushko – mandolin (1), fiddle (9)
* Matt Pierson – bass (1-7, 10, 11)
* Tim Smith – bass (8, 9)
* Dan Needham – drums (1-3, 5-7, 9-11), percussion (1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10)
* Marc Anderson – percussion (3, 4, 9-11)
* Troy Groves – klong yao (11)
* Greg Lewis – string arrangements (8)
* Solveg Peterson – cello (8, 12), viola (8)
* Sarah Bertsch – violin (8)
* Nate Sabin – arrangements, backing vocals (1, 11), electric guitar solo (3, 10), acoustic guitar (4, 10), percussion (4)
* Michael Olson – backing vocals (2, 5)
* Lori Sabin – backing vocals (2, 5, 6, 10, 11)
* Andrew Brown – backing vocals (11)
* Katie Colbaugh – backing vocals (11)
* Dwight Colbaugh – backing vocals (12)
* Nancy Colbaugh – backing vocals (12)

### Production

* Troy Groves – executive producer
* Nate Sabin – producer, recording, mixing (1, 4-13)
* Keith Compton – recording
* Tom Laune – mixing (2, 3)
* Hank Williams – mastering at MasterMix (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Lloyd Colbough – design, layout
* Andy Conant – design, layout
* Greg Wanbough – photography

## Charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| US Christian Albums (Billboard) | 35 |
# War wagon

A war wagon is any of several historical types of early fighting vehicle involving an armed or armored animal-drawn cart or wagon.

## China

One of the earliest example of using conjoined wagons in warfare as fortification is described in the Chinese historical record Book of Han. During the 119 BC Battle of Mobei of the Han–Xiongnu War, the famous Han general Wei Qing led his army through a fatiguing expeditionary march across the Gobi Desert only to find Yizhixie Chanyu's main force waiting to encircle them on the other side. Using armored heavy wagons known as "Military Sturdy Wagon" (Chinese: 武剛車; pinyin: wŭ gāng chē) in ring formations as temporary defensive fortifications, which provided archers, crossbowmen and infantry protection from the Xiongnu's powerful cavalry charges, and allowed Han troops to utilize their ranged weapons' advantages of precision. Wei Qing neutralised the Xiongnu's initial cavalry charges, forcing a stalemate and buying time for his troops to recover strength, before using the cover of a sandstorm to launch a counteroffensive which overran the nomads.
The Guangwu Emperor (AD 25–57) introduced an ox-pulled war wagon several stories high with an observation tower, which was deployed at the Great Wall against the Xiongnu. By the 6th century such war wagons reached several meters in height and had up to 20 wheels.

## Europe

A medieval European war wagon was developed in the Hussite Wars around 1420 by Hussite forces led by the Czech general Jan Žižka rebelling in Bohemia. It was a heavy wagon given protective sides with firing slits and heavy firepower from either a cannon or a force of hand-gunners, archers and crossbowmen, supported by infantry using spears, pikes and flails. Groups of them could form defensive works, but they also were used as hard points for formations or as firepower in pincer movements. This early use of gunpowder and innovative tactics helped a largely peasant infantry stave off attacks by the Holy Roman Empire's larger forces of mounted knights.
The wagon was first used in war in Battle of Sudoměř on March 25, 1420, where it was found to be a powerful weapon for the Hussite army. Despite being outnumbered by approximately 400 to 2000, the war wagon allowed the Hussite forces to emerge victorious in the battle. The wagon was then used throughout the rest of the Hussite Wars with great success.
After the Hussite wars, they stayed in usage as the special tactical weapon of Bohemian mercenaries which prevailed against knights or foot soldiers. Its successful history came to an end, at least for large scale engagements, with the development of field-piece artillery: a battle wagon wall "fortress" of approximately 300 wagons was broken at the Battle of Wenzenbach on September 12, 1504 by the culverines and muskets of the landsknecht regiment of Georg von Frundsberg.