# Rona Bailey

Rona Bailey (née Stephenson; 24 December 1914 – 7 September 2005) was a New Zealand drama and dance practitioner, educationalist and activist. Bailey was influential in emerging contemporary dance and professional theatre in New Zealand. She was an activist in the anti-apartheid movement in the 1970s and 1980s, and part of Treaty of Waitangi anti-racist education that started in the mid-1980s.

## Background and education

Rona Bailey was born in Whanganui, New Zealand, on 24 December 1914. Her family moved to Gisborne where her family ran a shoe shop. She trained as a teacher in Auckland and Christchurch and afterwards she travelled to the United States in 1937 to study modern dance initially at the University of California at Berkeley and in 1938 she transferred to Columbia University in New York. While she was in the USA she was taught by Doris Humphry, Charles Weidman, Louis Horst and Lucille Czarnowski amongst others and saw many works of innovative choreographer Martha Graham.
Bailey's second marriage was to Chip Bailey, they were married in 1945 and were active in supporting the waterside workers’ union during the 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute. Rona and Chip Bailey were part of creating pro-union leaflets that were illegal under the National government's emergency regulations. Bailey's husband died young at age 42 from a brain tumour in 1963.

## Career

When Rona Bailey returned to New Zealand after studying in the USA an early job of hers was as Physical Welfare Officer with the Department of Internal Affairs. This included incorporating modern dance techniques into the curriculum at Wellington Teachers’ Training College, which was influential in the physical education movement in New Zealand.
In 1945 Bailey along with Philip and Olive Smithells founded the New Dance Group that ran for two years. The New Dance Group was modelled after the New York-based company of the same name and in the short time of operating introduced radical ideas of dance and art to many dancers and audiences. Their dance was described in an article by Marianne Schultz as 'modern, political and expressive'.
Nola Millar was a long time colleague of Baileys, they were both part of Unity Theatre. In 1964 along with Anne Flannery they started the New Theatre School of Drama where Bailey taught movement. Following on from that was the birth of national drama training in New Zealand in 1970 when Nola Millar along with Bailey and others started the New Zealand Drama School, Bailey was one of the core tutors. Bailey continued teaching at the New Zealand Drama School until 1988. She was instrumental in the drama school identifying as a bi-cultural institution using the governments policy requiring agencies to recognise the Treaty of Waitangi as a driver for conversations including changing the name to Te Kura Toi Whakaari o Aotearoa. The school is now known primarily as Toi Whakaari. Bailey in retrospect criticised the speed of the change:
   "It would have been preferable if [the Drama School] had waited a year, and then gone for the name. You need a track record first: and to have demonstrated your commitment. The journey is a hard one." Rona Bailey$^{:123}$
One thing that Bailey was very proud of is her involvement with Project Waitangi. This was government funded education for non-Māori people in New Zealand that ran anti-racism and Treaty of Waitangi workshops, with a principal from pākehā (white New Zealanders) for pākehā. Bailey was a member of this project from when it started in 1985 until when the funding was withdrawn in 1990.
Rona Bailey was a member of Taki Rua Theatre (formally The Depot) that started in 1983 and is now described as one of the kaumātua (respected elder).

## Activism and associations

Bailey was a member of the Communist Party of New Zealand, she first became interested in these politics while in the USA. In New Zealand she met members through Unity Theatre. She joined in 1943 and was active for many years becoming a national committee member in the 1960s. There was a split in the party in the 1970s and Bailey was one of six prominent members that got de-registered and denounced as the 'Manson/Bailey Gang'.
In 1975 Bailey was a founder of the Wellington Marxist Leninist Organisation (WMLO) and in 1980 the Workers' Communist League (WCL) formed in 1980. She left the WCL in 1985.
For a time Bailey was elected president of the Public Service Association (PSA) women's committee and a women's representative on the executive with part of her work being campaigning for equal pay for women public servants.
Bailey was a long time member of the Labour History Project (formerly the Trade Union History Project).
In 1972 Bailey became treasurer of the National Anti-Apartheid Committee. She committed many years of her life to the anti-apartheid movement in New Zealand and was part of the protests against the 1981 South African rugby tour of New Zealand, she was injured by police at the Wellington protest on 29 July 1981.

## Legacy

The Labour History Project funds and organises a Rona Bailey Memorial Lecture which is a biennial public lecture.
The work of the New Dance Group was presented in the biennial Rona Bailey Memorial Lecture in 2011 by Marianne Schultz including students from the New Zealand School of Dance reconstructing the 1945 New Dance Group piece Sabotage in a Factory.
The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa holds in its collections a typewriter of Bailey's amongst other items.
Rona Bailey was a collector of New Zealand ballads and folk songs, which she started while she was recovering from tuberculosis. She and Burt Roth published Shanties by the way (1967) a collection of New Zealand popular and radical folk songs. She was made a life member of the New Zealand Folklore Society in 1970.
Bailey was recognised by the theatre community in 1996 receiving the Significant Contribution to Theatre award in the Wellington-based Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards.

## Death

Bailey died in Wellington in 2005, aged 90 years.