OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hwang Jau-Yuan

Hwang Jau-yuan (traditional Chinese: 黃昭元; pinyin: Huáng Zhāoyuán; born 28 September 1962) is a Taiwanese jurist who has served as a justice of the Constitutional Court of Taiwan, the country's highest court, since 2016.

## Early life and education

Hwang was born in 1962. He graduated from National Taiwan University (NTU) in 1984 with a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) and earned a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from the university in 1989. After completing his master's degree, Hwang entered private practice of law as an associate attorney at Formosa Transnational Attorneys-at-Law, a law firm based in Taipei, Taiwan, where Hwang worked from September 1988 to June 1990.
Hwang later received a scholarship to study in the United States at Harvard University, where he earned a second LL.M. in 1991 and a Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) in 1995 from Harvard Law School. His doctoral thesis, published in June 1995, was titled, "Constitutional Change and Political Transition in Taiwan Since 1986: The Role of Legal Institutions".

## Career

In August 1995, Hwang became a professor at the College of Law at National Taiwan University, where he is an authority on constitutional law and international law. He began as a lecturer at NTU from 1995 to 1996, then was an associate professor of law from 1996 to 2004, and was promoted to a full professor of law at NTU in August 2004. He served as the director of NTU Law's Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrated Law. From 24 June 2013 to 25 July 2013, Hwang was a visiting scholar at the University of Tübingen in Germany.
Hwang was inaugurated as a justice of the Judicial Yuan on 11 November 2016. In 2017, he was among the justices of the court to rule in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage in the Judicial Yuan's Interpretation No. 748.
# Brayan Hurtado

Brayan Yohangel Hurtado Cortesía (born 21 June 1999) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a forward for Universidad Central on loan from Deportes Antofagasta.

## Club career

In 2021, Hurtado moved to Chile and joined Cobresal.
In 2022, he switched to Deportes Antofagasta. In 2024, he was loaned Universidad Central in his homeland.

## International career

He made his debut for the Venezuela national football team on 14 October 2021 in a World Cup qualifier against Chile.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 04:02, 26 September 2021 (UTC).
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Mineros de Guayana | 2016 | Venezuelan Primera División | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Mineros de Guayana | 2017 | Venezuelan Primera División | 33 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 39 | 12 |
| Mineros de Guayana | 2018 | Venezuelan Primera División | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 5 |
| Mineros de Guayana | 2019 | Venezuelan Primera División | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Mineros de Guayana | 2020 | Venezuelan Primera División | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 5 |
| Mineros de Guayana | Total | Total | 82 | 19 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 22 |
| Portland Timbers 2 (loan) | 2019 | USL Championship | 26 | 7 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 26 | 7 |
| Cobresal (loan) | 2021 | Chilean Primera División | 20 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 10 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 128 | 36 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 140 | 39 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Venezuela
* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Sudamericana

## Honours
### Mineros de Guayana

* Copa Venezuela (1): 2017
# Alexander Onischuk

Alexander Vasylovych Onischuk born September 3, 1975) is a chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1994, and won the 2006 U.S. championship.

## Career

In 1991, Onischuk represented the Soviet Union and took 2nd place in the World under 16 championship. In 1993 he was fourth in the world junior championship, tying for first and finished second on tie-breaks two years later. In 1993 he became International Master, and in 1994 Grandmaster. In 2000 he won the Ukrainian Championship. He represented Ukraine in the Chess Olympiad in 1994, 1996 and 1998.
Onischuk immigrated to the United States in 2001. He competed in the US Championship, winning the tournament in 2006, finishing 2nd in 2007, 2008 and 2017 and finishing 3rd four more times.
In 2002, Onischuk tied for first place at the U.S. Masters Chess Championship.
He played in the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2000 and 2004, and in the FIDE World Cup every year between 2007 and 2017. He also represented the US in six Chess Olympiads and seven World Team Chess Championships.
In the fall of 2012, Onischuk became the head coach at Texas Tech University. Under his coaching, the Texas Tech University Chess Program has won the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championships and played in the President's cup 5 times.
In 2018 he was inducted into the US Chess Hall of Fame.
He was the Chief Organizer of 2018 and 2021 Texas Collegiate Super Finals and 2022 President's Cup – Final Four of College Chess.
# Chinese Taipei at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships

Chinese Taipei competed at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 14 July to 30 July.

## Swimming

Taiwanese swimmers have achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the A-standard entry time, and 1 at the B-standard):

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| An Ting-yao | 200 m freestyle | 1:52.09 | 55 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| An Ting-yao | 400 m freestyle | 3:59.57 | 43 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Cho Cheng-chi | 400 m individual medley | 4:25.16 | =28 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Chou Wei-liang | 100 m butterfly | 54.31 | 47 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Chou Wei-liang | 200 m butterfly | 2:01.49 | 35 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Huang Guo-ting | 1500 m freestyle | 15:31.10 | 31 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Lee Hsuan-yen | 100 m breaststroke | DSQ | DSQ | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Lee Hsuan-yen | 200 m breaststroke | 2:15.94 | 29 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Wang Yu-lian | 100 m freestyle | 51.04 | 58 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Wen Ren-hau | 200 m individual medley | 2:05.85 | 35 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Wu Chun-feng | 50 m freestyle | 22.53 NR | 30 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Wu Chun-feng | 50 m breaststroke | 28.75 | 46 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Chen Szu-chi | 50 m backstroke | 29.42 | 39 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Pleading in English Act 1362

The Pleading in English Act 1362 (36 Edw. 3 Stat. 1. c. 15), often rendered Statute of Pleading, was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Act complained that because the Norman French language was largely unknown to the common people of England, they had no knowledge of what was being said for or against them in the courts, which used Law French. The Act therefore stipulated that "all Pleas which shall be pleaded in [any] Courts whatsoever, before any of his Justices whatsoever, or in his other Places, or before any of His other Ministers whatsoever, or in the Courts and Places of any other Lords whatsoever within the Realm, shall be pleaded, shewed, defended, answered, debated, and judged in the English language, and that they be entered and inrolled in Latin".

## Historical context

Prior to the Norman conquest of England in 1066, traditional common law in England had been discussed in the vernacular since time immemorial, and had been written in the Germanic vernacular (Old English) since ca. 600, beginning with the law code of Æthelberht of Kent. Following the Norman conquest, the Anglo-Norman French language of the conquerors was used. It developed into Law French and was used for pleadings; Latin was used for written records. The fourteenth century saw a decline in Law French, hence the Pleading in English Act, which marked the beginning of modern Legal English.
Some 50 years later, English became the language of official government in the form of Chancery Standard during the reign of Henry V (1413 to 1422).
The statute was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863 and the Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872.
# Yannoulis Chalepas

Yannoulis Chalepas (Greek: Γιαννούλης Χαλεπάς, born August 14, 1851 – September 15, 1938) was a Greek sculptor and a significant figure of Modern Greek art.

## Life

Chalepas was born in Pyrgos, on the island of Tinos in 1851, from a family of marble hewers. From 1869 to 1872, he studied at the School of Arts in Athens, under Neoclassical sculptor Leonidas Drossis. In 1873, he left for Munich, under a scholarship of the Panhellenic Holy Foundation of the Evangelistria of Tinos, to continue his studies at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts under the Neoclassical sculptor Max von Widnmann. His scholarship was intercepted to be given to another student. He returned to Athens in 1876, opened a workshop, and began working individually.

### Mental illness

In 1878, Chalepas suffered a nervous breakdown. He began destroying some of his sculptures and made several suicide attempts. His condition worsened and from July 11, 1888 to June 6, 1902, he was committed to the Mental Hospital of Corfu. In 1901, his father died and the next year his mother went to Corfu and took Chalepas to Tinos. After his return, Chalepas lived under his mother's strict supervision, who blamed sculpture for her son's illness and prevented him from sculpting, destroying everything he created.

### Rehabilitation

His mother died in 1916 and Chalepas began to work again with insufficient means, after a long time of inactivity. He gained attention and made contacts with intellectual circles in Athens. Also, many eminent personalities of the arts, such as Thomas Thomopoulos, a member of the Academy of Athens, and Zacharias Papantoniou, director of the National Gallery of Athens, visited him in Tinos. In 1925, an exhibition of Chalepas' works was organized by the Academy of Athens, and in 1927, he received the Academy's “Award for Excellence in Arts and Letters”. In 1930, he moved to Athens and continued working until his death on September 15, 1938.

## Art

The creative production of Chalepas is shared between two periods, the first, from the early years to the start of his mental illness, and the second, called the "post-sanity" period (1918–1938) which is divided into two phases. The first corresponds to the years of rehabilitation in Tinos, from 1918 to 1930, and the second spans the last years of his life, from 1930 to his death in 1938. Chalepas's early work shows the rare maturity of the artist from the very beginning.

## Gallery

* Tomb of Sofia Afentaki
* Tomb of Sofia Afentaki
* Head
* Yannoulis House Museum
* Sketch of sculptor
* Sketch of sculptor
# Hyperphara

Hyperphara is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae erected by George Hampson in 1898. Its only species, Hyperphara junctura, was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Colombia.
# French submarine Redoutable (S611)

Le Redoutable (S 611) was the lead boat of her class of ballistic missile submarines in the French Marine nationale.
Commissioned on 1 December 1971, the boat was the first French SNLE (Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins, "Device-Launching Nuclear Submarine"). The boat was initially fitted with 16 M1 MSBS (Mer-Sol Balistique Stratégique) submarine-launched ballistic missiles, delivering 450 kilotons at 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi). In 1974, the boat was refitted with the M2 missile, and later with the M20, each delivering a one-megatonne warhead at a range over 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi). Le Redoutable ("formidable" or "fearsome" in French) was the only ship of the class not to be refitted with the M4 missile.
Le Redoutable had a 20-year duty history, with 51 patrols of 70 days each, totalling an estimated 90,000 hours of diving and 1.27 million kilometres (790,000 mi) of distance, the equivalent of travelling 32 times around the Earth.
The boat was decommissioned in 1991. In 2000, the boat was removed from the water and placed in a purpose-built 136 metres (446 ft) dry dock, and over two years was made into an exhibit. This was a monumental task, the biggest portion of which was removing the nuclear reactor and replacing the midsection with an empty steel tube. In 2002, the boat opened as a museum ship at the Cité de la Mer naval museum in Cherbourg-Octeville, France, being now the largest submarine open to the public and the only nearly-complete ballistic missile submarine hull open to the public — although several museums display small portions, such as sails and/or parts of rudders from such submarines. Special dinner events for organizations aboard this boat's interior spaces are offered by Cité de la Mer.
# Chun Kwan Temple

Chun Kwan Temple (Chinese: 真君廟; Jyutping: zan1 gwan1 miu6) is a temple dedicated to Chun Kwan on Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong. Chun Kwan was a commoner who had combatted pirates during the South Song Dynasty (960–1279).
The original temple was built on the waterfront 100 years ago and later moved to its present location on the junction of Tsing Yi Heung Sze Wui Road and Fung Shue Wo Road.
During Chun Kwan's Birthday, on the 15th day of the third lunar month, traditional Cantonese opera performances are staged for 5 days.
# Kaifi Khalil

Kaifi Khalil (Urdu: کیفی خلیل; born 2 September 1996) is a Pakistani singer-songwriter and composer based in Karachi. He rose to prominence in 2022 after his debut in Coke Studio's Balochi song "Kana Yaari". His song "Kahani Suno 2.0" topped Spotify charts in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India.

## Life and career

Kaifi was born and raised in Karachi's neighborhood of Lyari to a family of Baloch musicians. He lived a relatively troubled childhood with financial troubles after his father died, and frequently skipped school.
In 2015, he started his own YouTube channel and uploaded his first video in 2016. His first song was a cover of "Mani Tawe Dost," a Balochi tune.
He used to upload covers of songs and original music by him on his YouTube channel before being discovered in 2022 by Coke Studio's music producer, Xulfi. He wrote and composed his verse in "Kana Yaari" three years prior to releasing it on the Coke Studio platform, singing alongside artists Eva B and Abdul Wahab Bugti.
Since its release in 2022, his Urdu language song "Kahani Suno 2.0" continues to be the top song for Spotify charts in Pakistan with 350 million plus streams to date. It also topped charts in Bangladesh and became a trending song in neighbouring India. The song's top countries for listeners include India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the UK, US and Canada. The music video also secured a spot in YouTube's Top 10 Global Charts peaking at number 8, the first Pakistani music video to do so. It is also listed among the most-viewed Pakistani YouTube videos.
In 2023, he announced his first international tour in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. During one of his interviews at Saudi Arabia, the artist disclosed his liking for Prague and plans to visit the city soon.
He has a vast discography with multiple songs, including Dilbar Dila Bide, Afsos, Beqaraar, Jungle Jungle, Tauba Tauba, Drog and Kadi Kaye.
Other singles released by Kaifi include Baali Guraab (2021), Kadi Kaye (2021) and Mast (2022).

## Artistry

He is recognized for putting a contemporary spin on traditional Balochi folk music with modern day music.
# Globular set

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a globular set is a higher-dimensional generalization of a directed graph. Precisely, it is a sequence of sets $X_{0},X_{1},X_{2},\dots$ equipped with pairs of functions $s_{n},t_{n}:X_{n}\to X_{n-1}$ such that
* $s_{n}\circ s_{n+1}=s_{n}\circ t_{n+1},$
* $t_{n}\circ s_{n+1}=t_{n}\circ t_{n+1}.$
(Equivalently, it is a presheaf on the category of “globes”.) The letters "s", "t" stand for "source" and "target" and one imagines $X_{n}$ consists of directed edges at level n.
In the context of a graph, each dimension is represented as a set of $k$-cells. Vertices would make up the 0-cells, edges connecting vertices would be 1-cells, and then each dimension higher connects groups of the dimension beneath it.
It can be viewed as a specific instance of the polygraph. In a polygraph, a source or target of a $k$-cell may consist of an entire path of elements of ($k$-1)-cells, but a globular set restricts this to singular elements of ($k$-1)-cells.
A variant of the notion was used by Grothendieck to introduce the notion of an ∞-groupoid. Extending Grothendieck's work, gave a definition of a weak ∞-category in terms of globular sets.
# Cherkassky

The House of Cherkassky (Russian: Черкасский) is an old Russian princely family, part the Russian nobility, whose members once bore the title of Knyaz in the Russian Empire.

## Notable members

* Mikhail Cherkassky (died 1571), Russian voyevoda and notable oprichnik
* Yakov Cherkassky (died 1666), Russian statesman and military figure
* Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky (died 1717), Russian officer who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia
* Alexey Cherkassky (1680–1742), Russian statesman
* Maria Cherkassky (1696–1747), lady-in-waiting from the Russian Empire, Trubetskoy family and House of Cherkasskiy
* Vladimir Cherkassky (1821–1878), Russian public figure
* Ekaterina Cherkassky (Vasilchikova) (1825–1888), House of Vasilchikov and House of Cherkasskiy
* Maria Nikolaevna Cherkassky (died 1892), House of Tcherbatov and House of Cherkasskiy
* Abram Cherkassky (1886–1967), Ukrainian/Soviet painter
* Shura Cherkassky (1909–1995), Russian-born American classical pianist
# 1953 Vicksburg tornado

The 1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado was a deadly F5 tornado that struck Vicksburg, Mississippi on Saturday, December 5, 1953. A total of 38 people were killed, 270 others were injured, and damages were estimated at $25 million (1953 USD). It remains the fifth-deadliest tornado to affect the U.S. state of Mississippi, behind the 1840 Great Natchez Tornado, the 1936 tornado in Tupelo, the 1971 tornado in Cary, and the 1966 series of four tornadoes in Jackson. It is one of just four F5 tornadoes recorded in Mississippi since 1950.

## Background

On December 5, 1953, as a warm front retreated northward across Mississippi, temperatures in the warm sector rose steadily. By sunrise, temperatures were already in the low 50s °F—ten to fifteen degrees above average–despite overcast conditions. Just before noon CST (18:00 UTC), southeasterly winds were measured at 17 mph (27 km/h) in Vicksburg. Some hours later, the local dew point rose to nearly 70 °F (21 °C), along with a temperature of 72 °F (22 °C). Meanwhile, favorable wind shear arrived to promote the growth of severe thunderstorms, along with the conditions necessary for tornadogenesis. At 1:30 p.m. CST (19:30 UTC), the Severe Local Storms Unit of the United States Weather Bureau in Washington, D.C., released a severe weather bulletin indicating the likelihood of tornado-producing storms over portions of East Texas, southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana, and western Mississippi.

## Tornado event

The destructive tornado may have first touched down over easternmost Madison Parish, Louisiana, crossed the Mississippi River, and felled trees on DeSoto Island. However, official records indicate that the tornado first developed over the Yazoo River in Warren County, Mississippi. As it entered Vicksburg, the tornado, which followed heavy rain, destroyed electrical services to the city and initiated several fires. Buildings were in "shambles" along four city blocks, and the downtown business district was adversely affected. Many automobiles were submerged by debris. The tornado damaged or destroyed 937 buildings, while nearly 1,300 people lost their homes. A total of 12 blocks of the city's business district were affected by the tornado, and fires also burned cotton. In total, 270 people received injuries, and total damages approached $25 million. The tornado is officially rated F5 on the Fujita scale; however, the rating is questionable, since the tornado demolished frail structures. Tornado researcher Thomas P. Grazulis rated the tornado F4.

## Aftermath and recovery

The tornado broke the city's gas line, which remained out of service after repairs. Residents were forced to go without cooked food even as temperatures dropped to 31 °F (−1 °C) overnight on December 6. The tornado also disproved a persistent myth that its proximity to a river protected Vicksburg from tornadoes.
# Ollie Fuhrman

Alfred George Fuhrman (July 20, 1896 – January 11, 1969) was an American Major League Baseball catcher. He played for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1922 season.