# Czechoslovak New Wave

The Czechoslovak New Wave (also Czech/Slovak New Wave) is a term used for the Czechoslovak filmmakers who started making films in the 1960s. The directors commonly included are Miloš Forman, Věra Chytilová, Ivan Passer, Pavel Juráček, Jiří Menzel, Jan Němec, Jaromil Jireš, Evald Schorm, Hynek Bočan, Juraj Herz, Juraj Jakubisko, Štefan Uher, František Vláčil and others. The movement was sometimes called the "Czechoslovak film miracle".

## Overview

The films touched on themes which for earlier film makers in the communist countries had rarely managed to avoid the objections of the censor, such as the misguided youths of Czechoslovak society portrayed in Miloš Forman's Black Peter (1963) and Loves of a Blonde (1965), or those caught in a surrealistic whirlwind in Věra Chytilová's Daisies (1966) and Jaromil Jireš' Valerie and Her Week of Wonders (1970). The films often expressed dark and absurd humour in opposition to social realist films of the 1950s.
The Czechoslovak New Wave differed from the French New Wave in that it usually held stronger narratives, and as these directors were the children of a nationalized film industry, they had greater access to studios and state funding. They also made more adaptations, including Jaromil Jireš's adaptation of Milan Kundera's novel The Joke (1969). At the Fourth Congress of the Czechoslovak Writers Union in 1967, Milan Kundera described this wave of national cinema as an important part of the history of Czechoslovak literature. Forman's The Firemen's Ball (1967), another major film of the era, remains a cult film more than four decades after its release.

## Czech film

The majority of films shot during the New Wave were Czech-language as opposed to Slovak. Many directors came from the prestigious FAMU, located in Prague, while the state-run Barrandov Studios were located just on the outskirts of Prague. Some prominent Czech directors included Miloš Forman, who directed The Firemen's Ball, Black Peter, and Loves of a Blonde during this time, Věra Chytilová who is best known for her film Daisies, and Jiří Menzel, whose film Closely Watched Trains (Ostře sledované vlaky 1966) won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

## Slovak film

The Shop on Main Street (1965) won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1966, although it is not considered part of the New Wave, because it was directed by Ján Kadár and Elmar Klos, who were a generation older, and the film is fairly traditional. Juraj Jakubisko, Štefan Uher and Dušan Hanák were Slovak filmmakers who were part of the New Wave.

## Key works

* The Sun in a Net by Štefan Uher (1962)
* The Devil's Trap by František Vláčil (1962)
* Something Different by Věra Chytilová (1963)
* Black Peter by Miloš Forman (1963)
* The Cassandra Cat by Vojtěch Jasný (1963)
* The Cry by Jaromil Jireš (1964)
* Lemonade Joe, or The Horse Opera by Oldřich Lipský (1964)
* Diamonds of the Night by Jan Němec (1964)
* Loves of a Blonde by Miloš Forman (1965)
* Intimate Lighting by Ivan Passer (1965)
* The Shop On Main Street by Ján Kadár & Elmar Klos (1965)
* Pearls of the Deep by Jiří Menzel, Jan Němec, Evald Schorm, Věra Chytilová, Jaromil Jireš (1966)
* Closely Watched Trains by Jiří Menzel (1966)
* Daisies by Věra Chytilová (1966)
* A Report on the Party and the Guests by Jan Němec (1966)
* Marketa Lazarová by František Vláčil (1967)
* The Firemen's Ball by Miloš Forman (1967)
* The Return of the Prodigal Son by Evald Schorm (1967)
* The Valley Of The Bees by František Vláčil (1968)
* The Joke by Jaromil Jireš (1968)
* Capricious Summer by Jiří Menzel (1968)
* The Cremator by Juraj Herz (1969)
* Larks on a String by Jiří Menzel (1969)
* Birds, Orphans and Fools by Juraj Jakubisko (1969)
* Case for a Rookie Hangman by Pavel Juráček (1970)
* Valerie and Her Week of Wonders by Jaromil Jireš (1970)