# Indian locomotive class YDM-4

The YDM-4 is a class of diesel locomotives operating on Indian Railways. The first units were built by the American Locomotive Company (Alco) in 1961. Since 1968, members of the class have been manufactured in India by the Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi. The model name stands for metre gauge (Y), diesel (D), mixed traffic (M) engine. The YDM-4 has been the most successful metre gauge diesel locomotive in India. The YDM-4 locos have a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph), restricted to 85 km/h (53 mph).
The YDM-4A is a variant of the YDM-4 that is supplied by MLW. Originally equipped with vacuum brakes, some were later equipped with dual brakes, particularly those working in the Northeast Frontier Railway.

## History

In the mid 1950s Indian Railways began introducing diesel locomotives to its metre gauge system. Metre gauge, though rare in the 21st century, used to be a dominant gauge at that time. After the introduction of YDM-1 locomotives by the North British Locomotive Company, Indian Railway considered more powerful ones and hence General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD) and the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) submitted designs of YDM-3/YDM-5 (12-567C) and YDM-4 respectively for new diesel locomotives. Each company supplied 30 locomotives in 1961. While the YDM-3 was 13 tons lighter than the YDM-4, Indian Railways opted for the ALCO design because of the heavier axle load and technology agreement that would allow these locomotives to be manufactured in India.
After Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) completed construction of its factory in Varanasi, production of the class began in India. The initial 30 YDM-4 locomotives supplied by ALCO in 1961 were numbered between #6020 and #6049. Another batch of 8 locomotives soon followed and were numbered #6105 to #6112. YDM-4 #6113-6129 were built around 1964. Siliguri Diesel Locoshed was the first DLS to station YDM-4 locomotives in 1962. The very first YDM4, #6020, was allotted to the New Guwahati Diesel Loco Shed, which was an outbase of Siliguri DLS on 30 October 1962.
YDM4 #6130 to #6198 were built by Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in 1964 under the license of ALCO and were classified as YDM-4A. All the YDM-4 delivered up to then were presumably based at three premier DLS across India namely Siliguri (SGUJ), Ponmalai Goldenrock (GOC) and Sabarmati (SBI). Another batch of YDM-4A was dispatched from MLW in 1969, numbered #6259 to #6288.
The first YDM-4 built by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) Varanasi was #6199 Hubli. This loco entered service in 1968 and was dedicated to the then Deputy Prime Minister of India, Morarji Desai. DLW built locos in the range #6199 to #6258.
From 1969 till 1993 DLW produced YDM-4 locomotives for Indian Railways in the number range #6289 to #6769. The last YDM-4 was based at Rangapara North outbase of Siliguri DLS but later on transferred to Myanmar (Burma) Railways and possibly renumbered as DF1332.

## Locomotive sheds

| Zone | Name | Shed Code | Quantity |
| North Eastern Railway | Izzatnagar | IZN | 10 |
| North Western Railway | Mavli | MVJ | 8 |
| Southern Railway | Ponmalai Goldenrock | GOC | 5 |
| Western Railway | Sabarmati | SBI | 13 |
| Western Railway | Mhow | MHOW | 5 |
| Total Locomotives Active as December 2024 | Total Locomotives Active as December 2024 | Total Locomotives Active as December 2024 | 41 |

## Technical specifications

Source:
| Manufacturers | Alco, MLW, DLW |
| Engine | Alco 251-D, Inline-6, 1,400 hp (1,000 kW) (1,300 hp or 970 kW site rating) with Alco turbocharged engine. 1,100 rpm max, 400 rpm idle; 228 mm × 267 mm (8.98 in × 10.51 in) bore x stroke; compression ratio 12.5:1. |
| Transmission | Electric, DC-DC (DC Generator and DC Traction motor) |
| Traction motors | GE for original Alco and MLW models, BHEL for DLW |
| Axle load | 12.0 t (11.8 long tons; 13.2 short tons) |
| total weight | 72.0 t (70.9 long tons; 79.4 short tons) ALCo and DLW, 67.0 t (65.9 long tons; 73.9 short tons) MLW |
| Bogies | Alco design cast frame trimount (Co-Co) bogies with asymmetrical arrangement of traction motors |
| Starting TE | 18.94 t (18.64 long tons; 20.88 short tons) |
| Continuous TE | 16.05 t (15.80 long tons; 17.69 short tons) |