OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wang Qiang (skier)

Wang Qiang (Chinese: 王强; pinyin: Wáng Qiáng; Mandarin pronunciation:; born 23 April 1993) is a Chinese cross-country skier. He competed in the 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics. Wang finished 2nd at the World Cup sprint race in Drammen, Norway on March 3, 2022, making him the first Chinese athlete to ever ascend the podium in a World Cup competition. By the end of the season he finished 36th in the World Cup league table, putting him ahead of Liu Yuanyuan to become the best Chinese cross-country skier of all time.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2018 | 24 | DSQ | 63 | 59 | 67 | — | 27 |
| 2022 | 28 | — | — | 46 | 30 | 13 | 13 |
$^a$ Distance reduced to 30 km due to weather conditions.

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2019 | 25 | 72 | — | — | 28 | 13 | 21 |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | Ski Tour 2020 | World Cup Final |
| 2018 | 24 | NC | NC | NC | DNF | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 25 | NC | NC | NC | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 26 | 105 | — | 65 | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 28 | 36 | — | 12 | — | — | — | — |

#### Individual podiums

* 1 podium – (1 WC, 0 SWC)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 2021–22 | 3 March 2022 | Drammen, Norway | 1.2 km Sprint C | World Cup | 2nd |
# Arqin Bolagh

Arqin Bolagh (Persian: ارقين بلاغ) is a village in Zarrineh Rud Rural District of Bezineh Rud District in Khodabandeh County, Zanjan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 954 in 204 households. The following census in 2011 counted 889 people in 259 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 728 people in 217 households.
# Rawblood

Rawblood is the 2015 debut horror novel by Catriona Ward. The book was first published in the United Kingdom on September 24, 2015 through Weidenfeld & Nicolson. The novel was later published in the USA on March 1, 2017 by Sourcebooks as The Girl from Rawblood.

## Synopsis

At the book's start Iris Villarca is an eleven-year-old girl growing up in Dartmoor during 1910. She and her father live in a mansion named Rawblood, where he keeps her isolated from the general population. Iris's father justifies this isolation by stating that he fears that she will die from Horror autotoxicus. However, Horror autotoxicus, a term labelled by Paul Ehrlich, was in fact not a disease, but instead a theory about a mechanism of the human body to protect itself.
The father of Iris lies about this and says that Horror autotoxicus had caused her mother's death and had been a reoccurring ailment for the Villarca family. Despite this restriction Iris ends up befriending Tom Gilmore, only to find that their fathers are enemies. Iris's father discovers the relationship and tries to bribe her to stay away from Tom by paying for her tuition to medical school. She accepts the offer, but as time passes Iris begins reading in medicine books and finds out that her father has made up his statements about horror autotoxicus. After this she learns from him that there is in fact a disease that runs in the family that is much worse than the made-up one.

## Reception

Strange Horizons reviewed Rawblood favorably, praising it for "deliver[ing] all the mystery and menace that one might hope for in a classic ghost story." The Historical Novel Society also reviewed the work, calling the writing "powerful and atmospheric". WHSmith selected Rawblood as a Fresh Talent title for Autumn 2016.

### Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref |
| 2016 | Author's Club Best First Novel Award | — | Shortlisted | |
| 2016 | British Fantasy Award | Horror Novel | Won | |
# Fulham & Hammersmith Chronicle

The Fulham & Hammersmith Chronicle newspaper (formerly the Fulham Chronicle) started life on 6 April 1888, produced at an office in Walham Green, Fulham. The first edition stated that the newspaper was set up "to supply the need which is felt in this district for a genuinely local journal." One of its first part-time editors, was Charles James Feret, who later became known as the "Historian of Fulham".

## First edition

The newspaper cost readers one halfpenny, earning the Chronicle the nickname Ha'penny Hot'un. Stories from the first edition included "Accident in Dawes Road", which told of a nasty accident between a young boy delivering milk and a ginger beer van at a "dangerous corner" of Dawes Road, in Fulham. The title also contained several chapters from a fiction novel entitled The Hillyars and the Burtons: A story of two families, by Henry Kingsley.

## Centenary edition

Over the years, the stories and the format have slowly changed. For the 100th anniversary, the Fulham Chronicle ran a special supplement on 7 April 1988, reminding readers of major news stories which had taken place since the launch of the newspaper.
Chronicle reporters have covered the major celebrations in Fulham on Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897, the "devastation and horror" on the streets of Fulham during the Second World War and the history of Fulham Football Club at Craven Cottage.
The centenary edition of the paper featured a message from Queen Elizabeth II, which read: "I was very pleased to receive your kind message of loyal greetings, send on the occasion of the paper's centenary. "I send you, the staff and readers of the Fulham Chronicle, my warm congratulations on this notable anniversary, together with my best wishes for the future."

## The 21st century

A major change to the newspaper was made in 2000, when the title was extended to the Fulham and Hammersmith Chronicle, and in September 2008, a website was launched.
Then in January 2010 the Fulham and Hammersmith Chronicle turned from a paid-for newspaper to a free paper with an increased distribution of 72,000, taking the paper's household penetration in the Hammersmith and Fulham borough from just over 20 per cent to nearly 99 per cent.
A new, updated website www.fulhamchronicle.co.uk was also launched when the newspaper turned free.

## Ownership

The Fulham and Hammersmith Chronicle is owned by Trinity Mirror plc which also publishes the Daily Mirror.
# International rankings of Armenia

The following are international rankings of Armenia

## Demographics

* United Nations: Population, ranked 136 out of 242 countries
* CIA World Factbook: Urbanization ranked 80 out of 194 countries

## Economy

* World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, ranked 92 out of 142 countries.
* World Bank: Ease of Doing Business Index 2011, ranked 48 out of 183 countries
* International Monetary Fund: GDP per capita 2011, ranked 116 out of 182 countries
* The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation: Index of Economic Freedom 2012, ranked 39 out of 179 countries
* CIA World Factbook: GDP per capita 2011, ranked 117 out of 192 countries
* International Monetary Fund: GDP per capita 2011, ranked 122 out of 185
* World Bank: GDP per capita 2011, ranked 120 out of 190

## Geography

* Total area ranked 141 out of 233 countries and outlying territories
* Renewable water resources as of 1997, ranked 136 out of 174 countries

## Military

* Military expenditures ranked 84 out of 171 countries
* CIA World Factbook: Military expenditures ratio to GDP, ranked 49 out of 172 countries
* Institute for Economics and Peace 2012 Global Peace Index ranked 115 out of 158

## Politics

* Transparency International: 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index, ranked 105 out of 174 countries
* Reporters Without Borders: 2011-2012 Press Freedom Index, ranked 77 out of 179 countries
* The Economist EIU: Democracy Index 2011, ranked 111 out of 167 countries

## Technology

* World Intellectual Property Organization: Global Innovation Index 2024, ranked 63 out of 133 countries

## Tourism

* World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011, ranked 90 out of 139 countries.

## Transportation

* Motor vehicles per capita in 2007, ranked 93 out of 144 countries
# International rankings of Cyprus

These are the international rankings of Cyprus

## International rankings

| Organization | Survey | Ranking |
| State of World Liberty Project | State of World Liberty Index | 9 out of 159 |
| United Nations Development Programme | Human Development Index 2006 Human Development Index 2004 Human Development Index 2000 | 29 out of 177 29 out of 177 29 out of 177 |
| The Economist | Worldwide Quality-of-life Index, 2005 | 23 out of 111 |
| University of Leicester | Satisfaction with Life Index | 49 out of 178 |
| The Heritage Foundation/Wall Street Journal | Index of Economic Freedom | 20 out of 157 |
| Reporters Without Borders | Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2006 Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2005 | 30 out of 168 25(tied) out of 168 |
| Transparency International | Corruption Perceptions Index 2006 Corruption Perceptions Index 2005 Corruption Perceptions Index 2004 | 37 out of 163 37 out of 158 36 out of 145 |
| World Economic Forum | Global Competitiveness Report | 46 out of 125 |
| International Monetary Fund | GDP per capita | 31 out of 180 |
| Yale University/Columbia University | Environmental Sustainability Index 2005 | not ranked |
| Nationmaster | Labor strikes | not ranked |
| A.T. Kearney / Foreign Policy | Globalisation Index 2006 Globalisation Index 2005 Globalisation Index 2004 | not ranked |
| World Intellectual Property Organization | Global Innovation Index, 2024 | 27 out of 133 |
# Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus

Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus (138–182) was a Roman Senator and the nephew of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. He was involved in an unsuccessful plot to assassinate his cousin the Emperor Commodus, which led to his execution afterwards.
Offices Quadratus Annianus held included legate to the proconsul of Africa, and consul ordinarius in 167 with the emperor Lucius Aurelius Verus.

## Life

Quadratus Annianus was the son of Marcus Aurelius’ sister, Annia Cornificia Faustina and an unnamed Senator. Ronald Syme identifies him with one of the suffect consuls in 146, recorded in the Fasti Ostienses as Gaius Annianus Verus, but having the full name of Gaius Ummidius Quadratus Annianus Verus. He was descended from one of the leading aristocratic and political influential families in Rome and was a direct descendant of the late suffect consul Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus. Through his mother, Quadratus Annianus was related to the ruling Nerva–Antonine dynasty. His sister was Ummidia Cornificia Faustina.
His mother had died sometime between 152 and 158. At her death, M. Ummidius Quadratus Annianus and Ummidia Cornificia Faustina divided their mother's property, making them both very wealthy. After his mother's death, Quadratus took a mistress, a Greek freedwoman named Marcia, who would later become the emperor Commodus' mistress.
Following his consulship, Quadratus adopted the first son of the Senator and philosopher Gnaeus Claudius Severus, who then assumed the name Marcus Claudius Ummidius Quadratus. The reason for the adoption is unknown.
When Marcus Aurelius died in 180, Quadratus' maternal cousin Commodus succeeded him as emperor. Commodus’ sister Lucilla was not happy living as a quiet, private citizen in Rome and became jealous of her brother and her sister-in-law. Further, she became very concerned at Commodus' erratic behavior.
In 182, Lucilla, her daughter Plautia, and her nephew-in-marriage Quintianus, along with Quadratus, his adopted son, and Cornificia Faustina, planned to assassinate Commodus and replace him with Lucilla and her second husband, the consul Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus Quintianus. The involvement of Quadratus, his adopted son (M. Claudius Ummidius Quadratus) and his sister (Ummidia Cornificia Faustina) can be explained by a possible dynastic dispute with Commodus, or a possible romantic relationship between Quadratus and Lucilla.
Quintianus botched his attempt to kill Commodus and was arrested. The conspirators were soon revealed, and the emperor ordered the deaths of M. Ummidius Quadratus Annianus, M. Claudius Ummidius Quadratus (his adopted son) and Ti. Claudius Pompeianus Quintianus. Commodus may have confiscated Quadratus Annianus’ property and fortune. Lucilla, her daughter, and Ummidia Cornificia Faustina were banished to the Italian island of Capri, and later executed.
# Kadir Özkaya

Kadir Özkaya (born 12 August 1963) is the President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey.

## Biography

He served as rapporteur of the Constitutional Court between 2005 and 2011 and as a member of the Council of State between 2011 and 2014. He was elected as a member of the Constitutional Court by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan among the three candidates nominated by the General Assembly of the Council of State on 18 December 2014, and took office on 22 December 2014. At the meeting held by the General Assembly of the Constitutional Court on 12 March 2020, he was elected as the deputy president and second section president of the Constitutional court and started his duty on 4 April 2020.
He was elected as the president of the Constitutional Court on 21 March 2024. Özkaya began his duty on 20 April 2024.
# Red Sands (2008 film)

Red Sands is a twenty-four-minute cinematic documentary about bullfighting and Spanish tradition. The film is directed by David Procter and produced by Andrea Farrena alongside British Production Company Agenda Collective.
Red Sands was nominated for a British Independent Film Award in 2008.
# Jeff Belloli

Jeffrey Belloli (born February 10, 1970) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.
He grew up in Southern California and attended Servite High School. He and his fraternal twin brother Chris are the only children of Cal State chemistry professor Robert and his wife Shirley.
Prior to his career in professional tennis, Belloli played for San Diego State University in collegiate competition, where he earned NCAA All-American honors for doubles in 1991 and 1992.
On the professional circuit, Belloli competed most successfully in doubles, with a career high ranking of 130 in the world. His best ATP Tour performance was a semi-final appearance at the 1995 Swedish Open, partnering Mathias Huning. At the 1996 Wimbledon Championships he featured in the main draw of both the men's doubles and mixed doubles events. In the men's doubles he and partner Leander Paes made the second round.
He now works in human resources and is based in New York.
# Eurovision: Your Country Needs Blue

Eurovision: Your Country Needs Blue is a documentary that aired on BBC One on 16 April 2011. It was narrated by Graham Norton.
The documentary focused on Blue and how they managed to represent the UK in the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest. Archive clips from Eurovision were included and contributions came from (amongst others): Cliff Richard, Lulu, John Barrowman, Aston Merrygold, Marvin Humes, Arlene Phillips, Scott Mills, Robin Gibb, David Arnold and Bucks Fizz
# Opostega salaciella

Opostega salaciella is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is found in Europe.
The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are white; sometimes an indistinct yellowish fascia towards apex, often entirely absent. Hindwings whitish-grey.
A small snow-white moth. The first joint of the antennae is greatly expanded and forms an "eyelid" over the compound eye. The antennae is filamentous, light brown and about 4/5 as long as the forewing. The innermost, greatly expanded joint is snow-white. The head, forebody, and wings are all gleaming white. In the outer part of the forewing (where the wing fringes begin) there may be a faint, yellowish transverse stripe that does not reach all the way to the leading edge. The hind body is brownish-grey with a white tail tassel.
The moths fly boldly towards dusk, and come freely to lamps, from June to July depending on the location. It prefers dry open habitats.
The larvae feed on Rumex acetosella, probably inside the stems.
# Jay W. Richards

Jay Wesley Richards is an American analytical philosopher who focuses on the intersection of politics, philosophy, and religion. He is the William E. Simon Senior Research Fellow in Heritage’s DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society at The Heritage Foundation. He serves as an adjunct professor in the School of Business at the Catholic University of America and the executive editor of The Stream and senior fellow at the Discovery Institute. A former Presbyterian, Richards is now a Catholic.

## Early life and education

Jay Richards graduated from Southwestern University, where he received a B.A. with majors in political science and religion. He received a Master of Theology (Th.M.) degree from Calvin Theological Seminary and a Master of Divinity (M.Div.) degree from Union Presbyterian Seminary. His Ph.D. is in philosophy and theology from Princeton Theological Seminary.

## Career

Richards is author or editor of more than a dozen books, including the New York Times bestsellers Infiltrated (2013) and Indivisible (2012); The Human Advantage; Money, Greed, and God, winner of a 2010 Templeton Enterprise Award; The Hobbit Party with Jonathan Witt; and Eat, Fast, Feast.
Richards was a fellow at the Institute for Faith, Work & Economics and the program director of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC). He was the first fellow at the Discovery Institute to confirm the genuineness of the Wedge document. Science organizations then paid attention to the institute after the document was published online, but Richards wrote "that the mission statement and goals had been posted on the CRSC's website since 1996." Richards has expressed climate change denial.
In January 2008, at Stanford University, Jay Richards had a debate with a leading atheist, Christopher Hitchens, on the topic: Atheism vs. Theism and The Scientific Evidence of Intelligent Design. It was moderated by Ben Stein. The debate led up to the release of Ben Stein's movie Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed.
Richards taught an apologetics course at Biola University. He has worked for the Acton Institute and is the executive editor of The Stream.
# The Gene Bomb

The Gene Bomb is a 1996 book by David E. Comings, self-published by Hope Press, that puts forth the theory that higher education and advanced technology may unintentionally favor the selection of genes that increase the likelihood of ADHD, autism, drug addiction, learning disorders, and behavior problems. Comings claims that the prevalence of these disorders is rising and I.Q. is decreasing; others argue that other factors may be responsible, including increased detection of these disorders. He claims that society is inadvertently creating delays for the highly educated that reduce their reproductivity and causes them to have children later in life, thus raising the odds of certain disorders like autism. On the other hand, he claims that those having learning disorders tend to drop out of school earlier and have more children, thus passing on learning disorders at a higher rate. Environmental and societal factors are usually accepted as the cause, but Comings argues the opposite.
According to a review of the book in the British Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journal, "The arguments are developed in this book with an alarming lack of scientific accuracy and satisfactory supporting evidence." The review concludes that the book "is an apocalyptic, irrational, and emotional treatise which opens up scientifically unsound issues that have already been formally buried". A book review in the Journal of Medical Genetics said, "This is the sort of book which gets geneticists a bad name", adding that some facts "are simply wrong", while vital facts "are simply missing". Comings replied, in a Letter to the Editor, that the review "missed the whole point of the book and presented to the readers of this journal a distorted view of the issues I attempted to raise".
Other Tourette syndrome (TS) researchers say of Comings' Tourette's research that his "assertions fall outside of the mainstream of the very extensive TS literature that has developed over the past 2 decades".
# Hold Your Head Up

"Hold Your Head Up" is a song by the English rock band Argent, first released as a single in 1971. The song was a Top 5 hit in the US, the UK, and the Canadian charts, peaking at No. 5 in all three countries. However, it was the band's only song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Billboard ranked it as the No. 50 song for 1972. The song appeared on the third Argent album All Together Now (1972).

## Background, composition, and recording

The song was written by Chris White and credited to the songwriting partnership of White and Rod Argent.

## Release and reception

The song was warmly received by music critics. Record World called it an "infectious rocker" that should "have strong impact" in the U.S. Georgiy Starostin thought that it was the best track on All Together Now, the band's quintessential album. He called it "a solid, riffy tune whose main attractions are the gruff, almost war-march-style bassline" and praised Rod Argent's keyboard work. The Hammond B3 solo on the track has been described by keyboard-player Rick Wakeman as the "greatest organ solo ever."

## Release history

| Region | Date |
| United Kingdom | 1 October 1971 (EP) |
| Europe | December 1971 |
| United Kingdom | February 1972 (re-release) |
| United States | 11 April 1972 |
| United States | 1 May 1972 (re-release) |
# Alicot

An alicot, otherwise known as an alicuit or ragout d'abattis is a southern French stew made of the cheapest parts of poultry, slowly simmered.

## Etymology and origin

The first two forms of the name derive from ali, ailes – wings and cuit, cuites – cooked. Variants are alycot and alycuit. The third form, ragout d'abattis, means giblet stew.
The dish is associated with the southern French region of Occitania: Larousse Gastronomique classifies the dish as Languedoc cuisine. It is also associated with the Aveyron department of the region, and other areas in the south-west of France.

## Content

The main ingredients are usually the heads, feet, wing tips, gizzards, and giblets of poultry – variously chicken, duck, geese or turkey. White wine, onions, tomatoes, garlic and diced bacon are included in most recipes, but there are variants: Elizabeth David gives a recipe in which the poultry content is confined to the giblets; salt pork or gammon is added; and another authority includes cèpes and chestnuts. Oher recipes call variously for poultry stock, flour, carrots, turnips and various spices including cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg.
The ingredients are gently simmered, usually for two to three hours. The finished dish is typically served with white haricot beans, potatoes, or rice.