OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle for Australia

The Battle for Australia is a contested historiographical term used to claim a coordinated link between a series of battles near Australia during the Pacific War of the Second World War alleged to be in preparation for a Japanese invasion of the continent.

## Definition

After the fall of Singapore in 1942, Prime Minister of Australia John Curtin compared its loss to the Battle of Dunkirk. The Battle of Britain occurred after Dunkirk; "the fall of Singapore opens the Battle for Australia", Curtin said, which threatened the Commonwealth, the United States, and the entire English-speaking world. While Japan did not plan to invade Australia and in February 1942 could not successfully do so, the Australian government and people expected an invasion soon. The fear was greatest until June 1942. Curtin said on 16 February:
   The protection of this country is no longer that of a contribution to a world at war but the resistance to an enemy threatening to invade our own shore ... It is now work or fight as we have never worked or fought before ... On what we do now depends everything we may like to do when this bloody test has been survived.

## Historiography and commemoration

The Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL) and the Battle for Australia Commemoration National Council campaigned for over a decade for official commemoration of a series of battles fought in 1942, including the Battle of the Coral Sea, Battle of Milne Bay and Kokoda Track campaign, as having formed a "battle for Australia". This campaign met with success, and in 2008 the Australian Government proclaimed that commemorations for the Battle for Australia would take place annually on the first Wednesday in September, with the day being designated "Battle for Australia Day". This day recognises "the service and sacrifice of all those who served in defense of Australia in 1942 and 1943". The day is not a public holiday.
Peter Stanley, the former principal historian at the Australian War Memorial, argues that the concept of a 'Battle for Australia' is mistaken as these actions did not form a single campaign aimed against Australia. Stanley has also stated that no historian he knows believes that there was a 'Battle for Australia'. In a 2006 speech, Stanley argued that the concept of a Battle for Australia is invalid as the events that are considered to form the battle were only loosely related. Stanley argued, "The Battle for Australia movement arises directly out of a desire to find meaning in the terrible losses of 1942" and that "there was no 'Battle for Australia', as such", as the Japanese did not launch a coordinated campaign directed against Australia. Furthermore, Stanley stated that while the phrase "Battle for Australia" was used in wartime propaganda, it was not applied to the events of 1942 until the 1990s and that countries other than Australia do not recognise the "battle" as being part of the Second World War.
# Washed Up!

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| RateYourMusic | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
Washed Up! is a 1999 EP by American ska-punk band Catch 22. The EP is the band's second studio release. It showcased the sound of Catch 22's second lineup after the departure of frontman Tomas Kalnoky and bassist Josh Ansley.
The band announced a contest to decipher the lyrics of the last song, "The Death of My Blood Is Your Indulgence," at one point. Live tracks appear after the last song on some copies.
The tracks of this album, including the bonus tracks, appear on Washed Up and Through the Ringer, Catch 22's compilation album released in 2001.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Catch 22
All tracks are written by Tomas Kalnoky
* The last three tracks appear only on certain copies of the album made after 1999.

## Personnel
### Catch 22

* Jeff Davidson – lead vocals
* Kevin Gunther – trumpet, backing vocals
* Ryan Eldred – saxophone, backing vocals
* James Egan – trombone
* Pat Calpin – electric guitar
* Pat "Mingus" Kays – bass guitar
* Chris Greer – drums

### Additional personnel

* Chris Bauer – engineer, producer
* Sean Bonner – graphics
# Marcelo Velazco

Marcelo René Velazco Ghiena (born February 14, 1970, in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a former Uruguayan naturalized Ecuadorian football player who played for clubs of Uruguay, Chile and Ecuador.

## Teams

* Nacional 1989
* Cerro 1995
* Deportes Iquique 1996
* Montevideo Wanderers 1997
* Frontera Rivera [es] 1998–1999
* Danubio 2000
* Aucas 2001–2002
* Deportivo Cuenca 2003–2005
* Deportivo Quito 2006–2007
* Macará 2008
* Técnico Universitario 2009

## Titles

* Deportivo Cuenca 2004 (Ecuadorian Primera División Championship)

## Personal life

Velazco naturalized Ecuadorian.
# ATM Class 4900

The ATM Class 4900, Nicknamed the "Jumbotram" is a series of articulated trams used by the ATM on the Milan urban tramway network.
They were built from 1976 to 1978 in two series, by Fiat Ferroviaria and Stanga, respectively, and were intended to be used on the future light rail lines, like the proposed circular line that should substitute the existing circular trolleybus line.
However such lines were never built, and the 4900 were used on the existing network.
Starting from 2008, some units were equipped with an air conditioning system, while in 2011 the 4950 car underwent both an aesthetic and functional revamping in order to gradually revamp the series. After a long phase of tests and checks conducted by the company operating the tram network, ATM, in 2014 this unit entered service and by mid-2015 another 19 revamped units were delivered by the AnsaldoBreda company. As of 2018, there were a total of 40 revamped trams in service out of a total of 51 envisioned by the contract; the last car was delivered by the end of 2019.
In 2023, the cars which were not subject to the previous revamping still in service were repainted with Milan's yellow tram livery, which gradually replaced the original "arancio ministeriale" color scheme, so as to match the coloring of the other trams in service. The cars used a different scheme than the previous 4900 revamping.
# Only on Earth

Only on Earth is a 2025 Spanish documentary film directed by Robin Petré. The film documents a journey into southern Galicia Spain, one of the most wildfire-prone zones in Europe, where humans and animals alike are struggling to cope with the hottest, driest summer on record.
A Danish–Spanish co-production, the film was selected in the Generation Kplus section at the 75th Berlin International Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 15 February 2025.

## Summary

Only on Earth explores one of Europe’s most fire-prone regions, from Galicia to central Spain and Portugal, during a summer of extreme heat and drought. The documentary follows four individuals—a cowboy, a veterinarian, a firefighter, and a farming family on the frontline—who work to protect their homes, traditions, and environment. It also highlights the vital role of native wild horses in mitigating wildfire damage.

## Appearances

* San a firefighter
* Eva a veterinarian
* Pedro a ten-year-old budding cowboy

## Production

The film directed by Robin Petré is produced by Carles Brugueras, Malene Flindt Pedersen, Signe Skov Thomsen and Marieke van den Bersselaar, under banners of Hansen & Pedersen Film og Fjernsyn and Polar Star Films.

## Release

Only on Earth had its World premiere on 15 February 2025, as part of the 75th Berlin International Film Festival, in Generation Kplus.
Vienna-based sales agency Autlook Filmsales has acquired the international sales rights of the film in January 2025.

## Accolades

| Award | Date | Category | Recipient | Result |
| CPH:FORUM | 24 March 2023 | Eurimages Co-production Development Award | Only on Earth | Won |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 23 February 2025 | Grand Prize for Best Film | Robin Petré | Nominated |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 23 February 2025 | Berlinale Documentary Film Award | Robin Petré | Nominated |
# John Tiffin Stewart

John Tiffin Stewart (18 November 1827 – 19 April 1913) was a notable New Zealand civil engineer and surveyor and mapper. He was born in Rothesay, Bute, Scotland, in 1827 and was married to the social activist Frances Stewart. He is the father of Ellen Sarjeant who helped found the Sarjeant Gallery.

## Career in New Zealand

Much of Stewart's early surveying work was in Palmerston North. Stewart and his family later moved to Whanganui. The home they built in Campbell Street Whanganui was later the Karitane home, "Stewart House", and also a hostel for Whanganui City College.
He worked as engineer for the Whanganui River Trust helping clear channels on the river.
# Scarlet Records

Scarlet Records is an Italian independent record label based in Milan. It is most notable for featuring two side projects from Soilwork front-man Björn "Speed" Strid, as well as bands like Agent Steel, Royal Hunt, Skyclad, Eldritch, Hatesphere, Labyrinth, Dark Moor, DGM and more. Founded in 1998, Scarlet Records has released more than 400 albums. In 2011 Scarlet Records entered a distribution deal with Entertainment One Distribution for the North American distribution of its new releases and extensive physical and digital catalog. In 2021 become a limited company.

## Current artists

* AEON GODS
* Apostolica
* Atlas Pain
* Band Of Spice
* Be The Wolf
* Cainites
* Cellador
* Cryonic Temple
* Darktribe
* Degrees of Truth
* Deathless Legacy
* Dragonknight
* Eagleheart
* Eldritch
* Excalion
* Faithsedge
* Fellowship
* Furor Gallico
* Game Over
* Hatesphere
* Horned Almighty
* Kayser
* Lahmia
* Light & Shade
* My Regime
* National Suicide
* Necrodeath
* Nocturna
* Noveria
* Reasons Behind
* Sadist
* Sinheresy
* Skeletoon
* Stormlord
* Theatres des Vampires
* Trick Or Treat
* Ulvedharr
* Vandor
* Verikalpa
* Vexillum
* Vision Divine
* Volturian
* Whyzdom

## Former bands

* Aborym
* Agent Steel
* Arachnes
* Arthemis
* Barcode
* Blinded Colony
* Bloodshot
* Bokor
* Brick
* Bulldozer
* Cadaveria
* Dark Moor
* DGM
* Disarmonia Mundi
* Dotma
* Dragonhammer
* Empyrios
* Extrema
* Frozen Crown
* Holy Knights
* Infinita Symphonia
* Invocator
* Kaledon
* Kingcrow
* Labyrinth
* Malfeitor
* Manticora
* Mastercastle
* Metatrone
* Michele Luppi
* Node
* Odd Dimension
* Operatika
* Sawthis
* Scamp
* Odyssea
* Requiem
* Revolution Renaissance
* Royal Hunt
* Schizo
* Shaman
* Secret Sphere
* Scar of the Sun
* Skylark
* Skyclad
* Slowmotion Apocalypse
* Solar Fragment
* SmaXone
* Spice & The RJ Band
* Subzero
* Temperance
* Tigertailz
* Timo Tolkki
* Tears of Magdalena
* Terror 2000
* Thy Majestie
* Tyrant Eyes
* Wuthering Heights
# Baraem

Baraem (Arabic: براعم) (meaning: buds) is a Qatari pay television channel aimed at all ages. It was launched on 16 January 2009, and broadcasts 17 hours daily. Previously co-owned by Al Jazeera Media Network and the Qatar Foundation, Al Jazeera acquired full rights to the channel in June 2013. It was then acquired by beIN Media Group on 1 April 2016.
Programming for older children is broadcast on sister channel Jeem TV.

## History

The channel was launched on 16 January 2009 as a joint venture between the Qatar Foundation (who owned 90% of the channel) and Al Jazeera Media Network (who owned the remaining 10%). Its on air look was designed by Radiant Studios, who also designed the new on air look for Al Jazeera Children's Channel that debuted the same day.
A European feed of both JCC and Baraem launched on 1 November 2012.
On 15 June 2013, it was announced that Al Jazeera would acquire the Qatar Foundation's assets to both JeemTV and Baraem.
On 1 April 2016, the channel was acquired by beIN Channels Network alongside JeemTV.
On 1 January 2017, the channel received a rebrand to coincide with its 8th anniversary. This time the new look was designed in-house.

## Broadcast

Ever since launch, the channel broadcasts 17 hours a day, from 6:00 to 22:30 (GMT+3).
In 2011, the channel started broadcasting in 16:9 aspect ratio.
From 2009 until 1 April 2016, the channel was free to view on Nilesat, Arabsat, Hot Bird, and Eurobird, and since then it was exclusive to beIN Channels Network and it closed in part of North Africa and Europe. However the Freeview feed remained free to view until 1 June 2018.
Baraem is broadcast mainly in Qatar, but also have feeds in South Africa and most of Africa, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Iran, Lebanon and Syria. They also have a feed in the United States that is an Xfinity-exclusive via Flex.
# R. R. Bhole

Rajaram Ramji Bhole was an Indian politician, elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Owl's Hill Nature Center

The Owl's Hill Nature Sanctuary is a 300-acre (1.2 km$^2$) wildlife sanctuary in northwestern Williamson County, Tennessee.
Fossil traces in Ordovician limestone and 350-year-old giant trees, vestiges of the great eastern deciduous forest that once covered Tennessee, are important collections on the site, as are pioneer trees and seasonal wildflowers. The ponds and wetlands provide valuable amphibian habitat, home to more than a dozen species. 125 species of birds have been recorded on site through population surveys performed by the National Audubon Society. Nearly all mammals native to Middle Tennessee are in residence at Owl’s Hill.
In 1990, an ambitious Master Plan was adopted to restore the natural habitat by overcoming almost a century of farm usage. First, wildlife conditions were improved through removal of several miles of wire fencing; water sources were improved and added; old orchard trees were pruned to restore their productivity. Increases in both predator and prey populations indicate that a healthy ecosystem is now evolving. The second phase included the construction of a trail system, teaching platforms, and remodeling of the visitor center to enhance environmental education programming. Finally, in 2007, the Sanctuary initiated an exotic plant removal project. Native trees, shrubs, wildflowers and grasses are being reintroduced. Emphasis in all these areas continues to expand with current efforts directed at preserving the land surrounding the sanctuary against encroaching development.
Through public programs and working with the Land Trust for Tennessee (founded by governor Phil Bredesen) Owl’s Hill has become a focal point for neighboring landowners interested in placing conservation easements on their land. In the fall of 2000, a species inventory was completed. Owl's Hill retained two biologists to undertake a 20-month survey using scientific sampling techniques to document amphibian and reptile populations. Addenda to the inventory catalogue include wildflower, tree, butterfly, bird and mammal populations.
# Manuel López Villarreal

Jesús Manuel Ignacio López Villarreal (born 20 October 1958) is a Mexican engineer and politician who is affiliated with the National Action Party. He served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative. He was also the municipal president of Saltillo from 1997 to 1999.
# Blundeston Windmill

Blundeston Mill is a tower mill at Blundeston, Suffolk, England which has been converted to residential accommodation.

## History

Blundeston Mill was built c1820 by Robert Martin, the Beccles millwright. The mill was worked until 1923 and dismantled in 1933 when it was converted to a house.

## Description

Blundeston Mill is a four-storey tower mill which had four Patent sails. The boat shaped cap was winded by a fantail. The mill drove two pairs of millstones
# Dave Popson

David Gerard Popson (born May 17, 1964) is an American former basketball player who enjoyed a brief National Basketball Association (NBA) career from 1988 until 1992.

## Biography

Popson, a 6'10" center, played college basketball at the University of North Carolina for four years (1983–87). Popson was selected by the Detroit Pistons in the fourth round of the 1987 NBA draft.
Born in Kingston, Pennsylvania, Popson attended Bishop O'Reilly High School where he held nearly all the basketball records.

## Career statistics
### NBA

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 1988–89 | Los Angeles | 10 | 0 | 6.8 | .440 | .000 | .500 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.3 |
| 1988–89 | Miami | 7 | 0 | 5.4 | .333 | .000 | .500 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.6 |
| 1990–91 | Boston | 19 | 0 | 3.4 | .406 | .000 | .900 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.8 |
| 1991–92 | Milwaukee | 5 | 0 | 5.2 | .429 | .000 | .500 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.4 |
| Career | Career | 41 | 0 | 4.8 | .405 | .000 | .750 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.9 |

### College

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 1983–84 | North Carolina | 29 | - | 6.4 | .431 | - | .600 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.9 |
| 1984–85 | North Carolina | 35 | - | 14.5 | .529 | - | .738 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 6.0 |
| 1985–86 | North Carolina | 34 | 17 | 12.1 | .504 | - | .846 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.9 |
| 1986–87 | North Carolina | 36 | 34 | 22.3 | .541 | .000 | .771 | 4.8 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 10.0 |
| Career | Career | 134 | 51 | 14.2 | .521 | .000 | .756 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 5.7 |
# Reasonable doubt (disambiguation)

Reasonable doubt refers to the legal standard of proof required in most criminal cases.
Reasonable Doubt(s) may also refer to:

## Films

* Reasonable Doubt (1936 film), a British comedy
* Reasonable Doubt (2014 film), a crime thriller starring Samuel L. Jackson

## Television

* "Reasonable Doubt" (Doctors), a 2002 episode
* "Reasonable Doubt", an episode of season 7 of Touched by an Angel (2000)
* "Reasonable Doubt", an episode of season 15 of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2014)
* Reasonable Doubt, a true-crime series broadcast on Investigation Discovery (2017–2022)
* Reasonable Doubt (TV series), a legal drama series streaming on Hulu (2022–)
* Reasonable Doubts, a 1990s American police drama series

## Other uses

* Reasonable Doubt (play), a 2008 play by Suzie Miller
* Reasonable Doubt (album), a 1996 album by rapper Jay-Z
# Kabir Kouh Tunnel

Kabir Kouh Tunnel is an ongoing road tunnel project in Ilam province, Iran. The tunnel passes under the Kabir Kouh range connecting the counties of Darreh Shahr and Abdanan, shortening the current 40-kilometre (25 mi) mountain pass to about 6 km. Kabir Kouh is a 170-kilometre (110 mi) long mountain range in Ilam Province extending along a southeast–northwest axis from an area near Pa Alam, Lorestan province to the vicinity of Chenar Bashi about 20 km (12 mi) south of Ilam. The range acts as a barrier between the province's western areas such as Abdanan and border cities of Mehran and Dehloran with the country's internal road networks.
The tunnel eliminates the 40-km Kabir Kouh Mountain Pass which reaches as high as 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level at its peak and consists of hundreds of hairpin turns.
The project consists of a 4,750-metre (15,580 ft) main tunnel and eight other shorter tunnels with a total length of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) connecting the Darreh Shahr-Pole Dokhtar route to the main tunnel.
The construction of the tunnel started in May 2010 and was planned to be opened in four years. As of August 2019, the main and connecting tunnels have been dug but the project is yet to be completed.
# Figure skating at the Asian Winter Games

Figure skating has been contested at the Asian Winter Games since 1986. It was not included in 1990 because of conflicting with 1990 World Figure Skating Championships.

## Editions

| Games | Year | Host city | Best nation |
| I | 1986 | Sapporo, Japan | Japan |
| III | 1996 | Harbin, China | China |
| IV | 1999 | Gangwon, South Korea | China |
| V | 2003 | Aomori, Japan | Japan |
| VI | 2007 | Changchun, China | China |
| VII | 2011 | Astana–Almaty, Kazakhstan | China |
| VIII | 2017 | Sapporo, Japan | China |
| IX | 2025 | Harbin, China | South Korea |

## Events

| Event | 86 | 96 | 99 | 03 | 07 | 11 | 17 | 25 | Years |
| Men's singles | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
| Women's singles | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
| Pairs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
| Ice dancing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
| Total | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 15 | 13 | 15 | 43 |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) | 9 | 14 | 9 | 32 |
| 3 | South Korea (KOR) | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 5 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 6 | North Korea (PRK) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 32 | 32 | 33 | 97 |

## Participating nations

| Nation | 86 | 96 | 99 | 03 | 07 | 11 | 17 | Years |
| Australia | | | | | | | 6 | 1 |
| China | X | X | 8 | 14 | 18 | 12 | 12 | 7 |
| Chinese Taipei | | | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |
| Hong Kong | | | 2 | | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
| India | | | | | | | 3 | 1 |
| Indonesia | | | | | | | 4 | 1 |
| Japan | X | X | 10 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 7 |
| Kazakhstan | | X | 3 | | | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| Kyrgyzstan | | | | | | | 2 | 1 |
| Malaysia | | | | | | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Mongolia | | | | | | 1 | | 1 |
| North Korea | X | | | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | |
| Philippines | | | | | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Singapore | | | | | | | 2 | 1 |
| South Korea | X | X | 6 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 7 |
| Thailand | | | | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| United Arab Emirates | | | | | | | 1 | 1 |
| Uzbekistan | | X | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Number of nations | | | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 17 | |
| Number of athletes | | | 38 | 45 | 46 | 49 | 75 | |
# Heonilleung

Heonilleung (Korean: 헌인릉; Hanja: 獻仁陵) is a burial ground from the Joseon dynasty, located in Seocho District, Seoul. This is where King Taejong and King Sunjo are entombed, along with their wives, Queen Wongyeong and Queen Sunwon.

## Characteristics

Heolleung is made up of twin mounds connected by railings, with the king entombed in the left one, while the queen is in the right one.
Illeung consists of one mound only, that houses both the king and the queen. King Sunjo was originally buried in Jangneung in Paju, but his tomb was moved to the current location in 1856 due to auspicious reasons of geomancy.
| Tomb | Deceased | Year |
| Heolleung (헌릉) | Taejong of Joseon Queen Wongyeong | 1420 |
| Illeung (인릉) | Sunjo of Joseon Queen Sunwon | 1856 |
# Money Can't Buy (song)

"Money Can't Buy" is a song by American recording artist Ne-Yo, released on May 29, 2014 as the first single for his sixth studio album Non-Fiction (2015). The song features American rapper Jeezy and was produced by DJ Montay, Jaytez, D Lumar, and Jesse "Corparal" Wilson.

## Track listing
### Digital download

* "Money Can't Buy" (featuring Jeezy) – 4:13

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 41 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format |
| United States | May 29, 2014 | Digital download |
| United States | June 3, 2014 | Urban radio |