# New England Highway

New England Highway is an 883-kilometre (549 mi) long highway in Australia running from Yarraman, north of Toowoomba, Queensland, at its northern end to Hexham at Newcastle, New South Wales, at its southern end. It is part of Australia's National Highway system, and forms part of the inland route between Brisbane and Sydney.

## State-controlled road in Queensland

The Queensland segment of the New England Highway is a state-controlled road, subdivided into three sections for administrative and funding purposes. One of the three sections (number 22C) is part of the National Highway, while sections 22A and 22B are strategic roads. The sections are:
* 22A – Yarraman to Toowoomba
* 22B – Toowoomba to Warwick
* 22C – Warwick to Wallangarra
State-controlled roads that intersect with the highway are listed in the main article.

## Route

At its northern end New England Highway connects to D'Aguilar Highway, and at its southern end it connects to Pacific Highway. It traverses the Darling Downs, New England, and Hunter Valley regions.
During the winter months, some parts of the New England Highway are subject to frost and snowfall, with the 350 km section from the Moonbi Ranges to Stanthorpe located at high altitudes.

### Traffic volume

In 2013–14, the New England and Cunningham Highways combined (known as the Sydney–Brisbane inland route) had an average annual daily traffic count of just over 13,000 vehicles, which is approximately half that seen on the coastal route (i.e., the Pacific Highway and Pacific Motorway). Heavy vehicles account for approximately 13% of the traffic seen on the route.

### Speed cameras

As of November 2018, fixed speed cameras were located at Ben Lomond (between Ross Road and Ben Lomond Road), Blandford (between Hayles Street and Mills Street) and Tenterfield (between Duncan Street and George Street). Average speed enforcement (point-to-point) cameras target heavy vehicles between Singleton and Muswellbrook.

## History

The New England Highway has its origins in the track which developed north from Newcastle to reach the prime wool growing areas of the New England region which Europeans settled following expeditions by NSW Surveyor-General John Oxley in 1818 and botanist Allan Cunningham in 1827 and 1829. The rough track, navigable only by horse or bullock dray, crossed the Liverpool Range, went through Tamworth and ended at the state border at Mount Lindesay, where it connected with the Queensland road network. The track became known as the Great Northern Road. During the 1860s, several robberies occurred along the road, with infamous bushranger Captain Thunderbolt known to be active in the area.
The passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924 through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for the declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (MRB). Great Northern Highway was declared (as Main Road No. 9) on 8 August 1928, replacing the Great Northern Road and running from North Sydney via Hornsby, Peat's Ferry, Gosford, Swansea, Newcastle, Maitland, Singleton, Tamworth, Armidale, Glen Innes, Tenterfield and Woodenbong to the border with Queensland; with the passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929 to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, this was amended to State Highway 9 on 8 April 1929.
The section of Great Northern Highway between Sydney and Hexham was subsumed into Pacific Highway on 26 May 1931; the southern end of Great Northern Highway was truncated at the intersection with Pacific Highway at Hexham as a result. The remaining portion from Hexham to Brisbane was later renamed New England Highway, through Queensland on 14 February 1933, and a month later through New South Wales on 14 March 1933. In 1936 the road was described by contemporary observers as being in good condition (for the time), with spectacular scenery and excellent accommodation en route.
Starting in 1946, the Queensland Main Roads Commission constructed the Cunningham Highway between Warwick and Ipswich. The new highway opened in November 1949. With the opening of the Cunningham Highway, traffic began using it as an alternative to the New England Highway north of Tenterfield. However, the road from the Bruxner Highway junction just north of Tenterfield across the state border to Warwick was still an unsealed local road. Despite this, in 1950 it was decided that the New England Highway would ultimately follow this route. Reconstruction and sealing of the route between Tenterfield and Warwick commenced in 1951, and the highway was officially opened on 11 August 1954. On 3 September, State Highway 9 was rerouted so that it now ran via Wallangarra and Stanthorpe, terminating at Warwick. At the same time, the old route of the New England Highway was redeclared as State Highway 24, the Mount Lindesay Highway. In 1963, the Queensland MRD reclassified much of their road network. As part of this, the New England Highway was extended north to its current terminus at Yarraman, via Clifton, Toowoomba and Hampton.
Route numbering:
The New England Highway was signed as National Route 15 from Warwick to Hexham in 1955. In 1974, the Whitlam government introduced the National Roads Act 1974, where roads declared as a National Highway were still the responsibility of the states for road construction and maintenance, but were fully compensated by the Federal government for money spent on approved projects.$^{:S7}$ As an important interstate link between the capitals of Queensland and New South Wales, New England Highway was declared a National Highway in 1974 and was consequently re-signed as National Highway 15. At the same time, National Route 42 was signed, using the New England Highway from Warwick to Toowoomba. State Route 85 was allocated sometime during the 1980s between Toowoomba and Hampton, and State Route 61 allocated sometime during the 1990s between Hampton and its northern terminus at Yarraman. National Highway 15 was later truncated at its southern end from Hexham to Beresfield in 1988, as the Mandalong–Freemans Waterhole stage of Sydney–Newcastle Freeway opened and National Highway 1 was rerouted via existing arterial routes to Beresfield, then along New England Highway to Hexham, before resuming its original route north along Pacific Highway.
With Queensland's conversion to the newer alphanumeric system in 2005, the Toowoomba-Warwick section of National Route 42 and State Route 61 were removed and replaced by route A3, now running concurrent with State Route 85 between Hampton and Toowoomba. The Warwick-Wallangarra section remains signed as National Highway 15. New South Wales' conversion to the newer alphanumeric system occurred later in 2013, with National Highway 15 updated to route A15 from the state border at Wallangarra to Branxton, where the highway becomes the A43 for its final section to Hexham.

## Highway improvements

As of July 2021, completed, current or proposed improvements on the New England Highway include:
* Belford to the Golden Highway. Construction contract for this $97 million project awarded June 2021.
* Bolivia Hill
* Bridge barrier improvements to four bridges between Ravensworth and Liddell. Work commenced July 2021.
* Fitzgerald Bridge, Aberdeen replaced in 2014
* Maitland roundabout improvements. $4.9 million project nearing completion.
* Muswellbrook bypass. Community feedback on the preferred option is to be sought in 2021.
* New England Highway draft corridor strategy
* New England Highway and Wyndella Road intersection, Lochinvar
* Safety improvements Whittingham. Work commenced April 2021.
* Safety upgrade Willow Tree To Uralla. Work commenced at Kootingal January 2021.
* Scone bypass. See below.
* Singleton rail underpass. See below.
* Singleton bypass. In April 2021 community feedback was incorporated into this $700 million project.
* Tenterfield heavy vehicle bypass

### Scone bypass

The Scone Bypass was opened in March 2020. In addition to bypassing the town centre, it also replaces the last railway level crossing on the New England Highway.

### Singleton rail underpass

The New England Highway upgrade and rail bridge replacement at Singleton (known as Gowrie Gates) was opened in July 2019. This upgrade is not part of the proposed Singleton bypass.

## Roads of Strategic Importance upgrades

The Roads of Strategic Importance initiative, last updated in March 2022, includes the following projects for the New England Highway in Queensland.

### Road upgrades

A project to upgrade the New England Highway at Cabarlah, at an estimated cost of $5 million, was in planning at March 2022.

### Emu Swamp Dam supporting infrastructure

A project to develop supporting road infrastructure for the Emu Swamp Dam, adjacent to the New England Highway at Stanthorpe, at a cost of $6.3 million is planned to be completed by mid-2023.

## Other upgrades in Queensland
### Intersection upgrade

A project to upgrade the intersection with the Cunningham Highway east of Warwick, at a cost of $25 million, was due for completion in August 2022.

### Improvement planning

Two projects to develop business cases for improvements to the highway south of Toowoomba, at a cost of $650,000, were to be completed by March 2022.

### Safety improvements

A project to improve safety between Stanthorpe and Ballandean, at a cost of $19.4 million, was ongoing in July 2022.

### Turning lanes at Cabarlah

A project to construct turning lanes at Cabarlah, at a cost of $600,000, was in the planning stage in July 2022.

### Upgrade planning Warwick to Stanthorpe

A project to plan for upgrades between Warwick and Stanthorpe, at a coat of $450,000, was completed in October 2021.

### Pavement widening near Cooyar

A project to deliver widened pavement near Cooyar, at a cost of $24.576 million, was to finish by July 2022.

## Former route allocations

New England Highway has had many former route allocations including former National Route 15. Where and when the former route numbers were implemented are stated below:
| Section | Formerly | Presently |
| Yarraman – Hampton | State Route 61 1990s–2005 | A3 2005–present |
| Hampton – Toowoomba | State Route 85 1980s–present  A3 2005–present | State Route 85 1980s–present  A3 2005–present |
| Toowoomba – Warwick | National Route 42 1974–2005 | A3 2005–present |
| Warwick – Queensland/ New South Wales border | National Route 15 1955–1974 National Highway 15 1974–2005 | A15 2005–present |
| Queensland/New South Wales border – Branxton | National Route 15 1955–1974 National Highway 15 1974–2013 | A15 2013–present |
| Branxton – Beresfield | National Route 15 1955–1974 National Highway 15 1974–2013 A15 2013–2014 | A43 2014–present |
| Beresfield – Hexham | National Route 15 1955–1974 National Highway 15 1974–1988 National Highway 1 1988–2013 | A1 2013–present A43 2014–present |

## Major junctions

| State | LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Yarraman | 0 | 0.0 | D'Aguilar Highway (A3 north, A17 southeast) – Rockhampton, Nanango, Caboolture, Ipswich | Northern terminus of highway at T intersection, route A3 continues north along D'Aguilar Highway |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Wutul | 33 | 21 | Oakey–Cooyar Road (State Route 68) – Oakey | T intersection |
| Queensland | Crows Nest Creek | Crows Nest Creek | 74 | 46 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | Bridge over the river (no known name) |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Hampton | 86 | 53 | Esk–Hampton Road (State Route 85 east) – Esk | Four-way intersection; northern concurrency terminus with State Route 85 |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Harlaxton | 113 | 70 | Griffiths Street – Cranley, to Warrego Highway (A2) – Dalby, Gatton, Ipswich | T intersection |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Toowoomba | 118 | 73 | Toowoomba Connection Road (A21 east) – Gatton, Ipswich | Four-way intersection; eastern concurrency terminus with route A21 |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Toowoomba | 119 | 74 | Toowoomba Connection Road (A21, State Route 85 west) – Dalby, Goondiwindi | Four-way intersection; western concurrency terminus with route A21 and State Route 85 |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Cambooya | 133 | 83 | Drayton Connection Road – Drayton, Toowoomba | Y intersection |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Cambooya | 137 | 85 | Cambooya Connection Road (State Route 48) – Karara | T intersection |
| Queensland | Toowoomba | Clifton | 162 | 101 | Gatton–Clifton Road (State Route 80) – Gatton | T intersection |
| Queensland | Southern Downs | Glengallan | 188 | 117 | Cunningham Highway (A15 east) – Ipswich, Warwick | Northern concurrency terminus with route A15/National Route 42, New England/Cunningham Highways at directional T interchange Northern terminus of National Route 42, southern terminus of route A3 |
| Queensland | Condamine River | Condamine River | 199 | 124 | O.O. Madsen Bridge | O.O. Madsen Bridge |
| Queensland | Southern Downs | Warwick | 202 | 126 | Cunningham Highway (National Route 42 west) – Goondiwindi | Southern concurrency terminus with route A15/National Route 42, New England/Cunningham Highways at 4-way intersection National Route 42 continues west as Cunningham Highway |
| Queensland | Southern Downs | Stanthorpe | 258 | 160 | High Street – Stanthorpe, to Texas Road (State Route 89) – Texas | T intersection |
| State border | State border | State border | 299 | 186 | Queensland – New South Wales state border | Queensland – New South Wales state border |
| New South Wales | Tenterfield | Tenterfield | 313 | 194 | Bruxner Way – Yetman, Boggabilla | |
| New South Wales | Tenterfield | Tenterfield | 318 | 198 | Bruxner Highway (B60) – Casino, Lismore, Ballina | |
| New South Wales | Deepwater River | Deepwater River | 370 | 230 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | Bridge over the river (no known name) |
| New South Wales | Glen Innes Severn | Glen Innes | 409 | 254 | Gwydir Highway (B76) – Inverell, Warialda, Moree, Grafton | Uncontrolled 4-way intersection |
| New South Wales | Armidale | Armidale | 511 | 318 | Waterfall Way (B78) – Ebor, Raleigh | Roundabout |
| New South Wales | Armidale | Bendemeer | 576 | 358 | Oxley Highway (B56 east) – Walcha, Wauchope, Port Macquarie | Concurrency with route B56 |
| New South Wales | Tamworth | Tamworth | 616 | 383 | Oxley Highway (B56 west) – Gunnedah, Coonabarabran, to Manilla Road (B95) – Manilla, Warialda | Concurrency with route B56 |
| New South Wales | Peel River | Peel River | 616 | 383 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | Bridge over the river (no known name) |
| New South Wales | Liverpool Plains | Willow Tree | 687 | 427 | Kamilaroi Highway (B51) – Gunnedah, Narrabri, Walgett, Bourke | Directional T interchange |
| New South Wales | Pages River | Pages River | 707 | 439 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | Bridge over the river (no known name) |
| New South Wales | Pages River | Pages River | 710 | 440 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | Bridge over the river (no known name) |
| New South Wales | Pages River | Pages River | 714 | 444 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | Bridge over the river (no known name) |
| New South Wales | Hunter River | Hunter River | 759 | 472 | Fitzgerald Bridge | Fitzgerald Bridge |
| New South Wales | Muswellbrook | Muswellbrook | 773 | 480 | Denman Road – Denman | T intersection |
| New South Wales | Hunter River | Hunter River | 819 | 509 | Bridge over the river (no known name) | Bridge over the river (no known name) |
| New South Wales | Singleton | Singleton | 820 | 510 | Campbell Street, to Putty Road – Putty, Windsor | Four-way intersection |
| New South Wales | Singleton | Whittingham | 831 | 516 | Golden Highway (B84) – Denman, Merriwa, Dunedoo, Dubbo | T intersection |
| New South Wales | Singleton | Belford | 839 | 521 | Hunter Expressway (M15) – West Wallsend, Newcastle | Route transition: A15 west, M15 southeast along Hunter Expressway, unallocated east Incomplete access to/from New England Highway east |
| New South Wales | Singleton | Branxton | 842 | 523 | Clift Street, to Wine Country Drive (B82) – Rothbury, Pokolbin, Cessnock | T intersection |
| New South Wales | Singleton | Branxton | 844 | 524 | Wine Country Drive (A43 south), to Hunter Expressway (M15) – Singleton, Newcastle | Route transition: unallocated west, A43 east |
| New South Wales | Maitland | Maitland | 866 | 538 | Cessnock Road – Kurri Kurri, Cessnock | Roundabout |
| New South Wales | Newcastle | Beresfield | 878 | 546 | John Renshaw Drive (A1) – Raymond Terrace, Taree, Coffs Harbour, Brisbane | Directional T interchange; no right turn westwards into John Renshaw Drive Western terminus of concurrency terminus with route A1 |
| New South Wales | Newcastle | Hexham | 883 | 549 | Pacific Highway (A1 east, A43 south) – Newcastle, Raymond Terrace, Taree, Coffs Harbour, Brisbane | Southern terminus of highway, route A43 continues south along Pacific Highway Eastern terminus of concurrency terminus with route A1 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus Incomplete access Route transition |||||||

## Cities and towns

From its junction with Pacific Highway at Hexham, 12 km (7 mi) inland from Newcastle, New England Highway connects the following cities and towns:

### New South Wales

* Maitland
* Singleton
* Muswellbrook
* Scone
* Tamworth
* Armidale
* Glen Innes
* Tenterfield

### Queensland

* Wallangarra
* Stanthorpe
* Warwick
* Toowoomba