# Solar eclipse of September 8, 1885

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 8, 1885, with a magnitude of 1.0332. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.3 days after perigee (on September 6, 1885, at 14:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day New Zealand and Antarctica. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Oceania, Antarctica, and southern South America.

## Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Times :
| Event | Time (UTC) |
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1885 September 08 at 18:35:56.3 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1885 September 08 at 19:54:54.3 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1885 September 08 at 19:56:11.9 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1885 September 08 at 19:57:30.8 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1885 September 08 at 20:43:07.3 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1885 September 08 at 20:50:23.2 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1885 September 08 at 20:51:51.9 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1885 September 08 at 21:19:51.3 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1885 September 08 at 21:45:54.9 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1885 September 08 at 21:47:11.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1885 September 08 at 21:48:27.1 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1885 September 08 at 23:07:38.7 UTC |
September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Parameters :
| Parameter | Value |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.03319 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.06749 |
| Gamma | −0.84889 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 11h09m38.6s |
| Sun Declination | +05°24'05.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'53.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 11h08m38.3s |
| Moon Declination | +04°35'47.3" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'16.5" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°59'43.9" |
| ΔT | -5.8 s |

## Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
Eclipse season of September 1885 :
| September 8 Ascending node (new moon) | September 24 Descending node (full moon) |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 123 | Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 135 |

## Related eclipses
### Eclipses in 1885

* An annular solar eclipse on March 16.
* A partial lunar eclipse on March 30.
* A total solar eclipse on September 8.
* A partial lunar eclipse on September 24.

### Metonic

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 21, 1881
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1889

### Tzolkinex

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 29, 1878
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 20, 1892

### Half-Saros

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 3, 1876
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1894

### Tritos

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 10, 1874
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 9, 1896

### Solar Saros 123

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 29, 1867
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1903

### Inex

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1856
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914

### Triad

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 8, 1798
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 10, 1972

### Solar eclipses of 1884–1888

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.
The partial solar eclipses on April 25, 1884 and October 19, 1884 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 9, 1888 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
Solar eclipse series sets from 1884 to 1888 :
| Descending node | Descending node | Descending node | Ascending node | Ascending node | Ascending node |
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma |
| 108 | March 27, 1884 Partial | 1.4602 | 113 | | |
| 118 | March 16, 1885 Annular | 0.8030 | 123 | September 8, 1885 Total | −0.8489 |
| 128 | March 5, 1886 Annular | 0.0970 | 133 | August 29, 1886 Total | −0.1059 |
| 138 | February 22, 1887 Annular | −0.6040 | 143 | August 19, 1887 Total | 0.6312 |
| 148 | February 11, 1888 Partial | −1.2684 | 153 | August 7, 1888 Partial | −1.2797 |

### Saros 123

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 123, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 29, 1074. It contains annular eclipses from July 2, 1182 through April 19, 1651; hybrid eclipses from April 30, 1669 through May 22, 1705; and total eclipses from June 3, 1723 through October 23, 1957. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on May 31, 2318. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 19 at 8 minutes, 7 seconds on November 9, 1398, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 42 at 3 minutes, 27 seconds on July 27, 1813. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.
Series members 42–63 occur between 1801 and 2200: :
| 42 | 43 | 44 |
| July 27, 1813 | August 7, 1831 | August 18, 1849 |
| 45 | 46 | 47 |
| August 29, 1867 | September 8, 1885 | September 21, 1903 |
| 48 | 49 | 50 |
| October 1, 1921 | October 12, 1939 | October 23, 1957 |
| 51 | 52 | 53 |
| November 3, 1975 | November 13, 1993 | November 25, 2011 |
| 54 | 55 | 56 |
| December 5, 2029 | December 16, 2047 | December 27, 2065 |
| 57 | 58 | 59 |
| January 7, 2084 | January 19, 2102 | January 30, 2120 |
| 60 | 61 | 62 |
| February 9, 2138 | February 21, 2156 | March 3, 2174 |
| 63 |
| March 13, 2192 |

### Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
23 eclipse events between February 3, 1859 and June 29, 1946 :
| February 1–3 | November 21–22 | September 8–10 | June 28–29 | April 16–18 |
| 109 | 111 | 113 | 115 | 117 |
| February 3, 1859 | November 21, 1862 | | June 28, 1870 | April 16, 1874 |
| 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 | 127 |
| February 2, 1878 | November 21, 1881 | September 8, 1885 | June 28, 1889 | April 16, 1893 |
| 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 | 137 |
| February 1, 1897 | November 22, 1900 | September 9, 1904 | June 28, 1908 | April 17, 1912 |
| 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 | 147 |
| February 3, 1916 | November 22, 1919 | September 10, 1923 | June 29, 1927 | April 18, 1931 |
| 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
| February 3, 1935 | November 21, 1938 | September 10, 1942 | June 29, 1946 |

### Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Series members between 1801 and 2200 :
| April 14, 1809 (Saros 116) | March 14, 1820 (Saros 117) | February 12, 1831 (Saros 118) | January 11, 1842 (Saros 119) | December 11, 1852 (Saros 120) |
| November 11, 1863 (Saros 121) | October 10, 1874 (Saros 122) | September 8, 1885 (Saros 123) | August 9, 1896 (Saros 124) | July 10, 1907 (Saros 125) |
| June 8, 1918 (Saros 126) | May 9, 1929 (Saros 127) | April 7, 1940 (Saros 128) | March 7, 1951 (Saros 129) | February 5, 1962 (Saros 130) |
| January 4, 1973 (Saros 131) | December 4, 1983 (Saros 132) | November 3, 1994 (Saros 133) | October 3, 2005 (Saros 134) | September 1, 2016 (Saros 135) |
| August 2, 2027 (Saros 136) | July 2, 2038 (Saros 137) | May 31, 2049 (Saros 138) | April 30, 2060 (Saros 139) | March 31, 2071 (Saros 140) |
| February 27, 2082 (Saros 141) | January 27, 2093 (Saros 142) | December 29, 2103 (Saros 143) | November 27, 2114 (Saros 144) | October 26, 2125 (Saros 145) |
| September 26, 2136 (Saros 146) | August 26, 2147 (Saros 147) | July 25, 2158 (Saros 148) | June 25, 2169 (Saros 149) | May 24, 2180 (Saros 150) |
| April 23, 2191 (Saros 151) |

### Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Series members between 1801 and 2200 :
| October 20, 1827 (Saros 121) | September 29, 1856 (Saros 122) | September 8, 1885 (Saros 123) |
| August 21, 1914 (Saros 124) | August 1, 1943 (Saros 125) | July 10, 1972 (Saros 126) |
| June 21, 2001 (Saros 127) | June 1, 2030 (Saros 128) | May 11, 2059 (Saros 129) |
| April 21, 2088 (Saros 130) | April 2, 2117 (Saros 131) | March 12, 2146 (Saros 132) |
| February 21, 2175 (Saros 133) | | |