OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Haitham Mohamedain

Haitham Mohamedain is an Egyptian labor lawyer and political activist. He is a leading member of the Revolutionary Socialists and also a co-founder of the Revolution Path Front.

## Legal career and political activism

Haitham Mohamedain acted as a member of the defense team for workers tried by an Emergency State Security Court in the wake of the April 6, 2008 Mahalla uprising. In his work as a lawyer, he defended striking employees and victims of police torture. He has also worked to establish independent and worker-run labor unions.
As a leading figure in the Revolutionary Socialists movement and the Road of the Revolution Front, Haitham Moamedain has been instrumental in organizing opposition to and protests against the anti-protest law passed by the transitional government in 2013. He also participated in the June 30 protests against Mohamed Morsi and continued to protest the new military government after the coup. He wrote a letter from prison denouncing the transfer of Tiran Island and Sanafir Island to Saudi Arabia.
He has worked as part of a number of organizations supporting human rights in Egypt, such as the El Nadeem Center.

## Arrests

Mohamedain participated in the protests of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and was briefly detained and interrogated by state security during the course of the revolution. He was detained on a short-term basis again in 2013 and 2016
In 2018, he was arrested again, and held for five months before being released on probation. In response to the 2018 arrest the International Socialist Organization, the Egyptian Solidarity Initiative and People before Profit put out a statement demanding for him to be freed.
Mohamedain was arrested again on 13 May 2019. He was accused of violating the terms of his probation. Uniformed police officers blindfolded him and held him in the al-Saff police station for three days. Officers at the police station initially denied his presence there, then, after informally admitting to it, did not allow contact with family or a lawyer. On 16 May, he appeared before the Supreme State Security Prosecution and was charged with, "collaborating with a terrorist organization with the intention of organizing anti-government protests during the Africa Cup of Nations." He has been held in pre-trial detention since, exceeding the 2-year limit on pre-trial detention placed by the Egyptian criminal code.
Amnesty International put out a statement, "calling on the Egyptian authorities to immediately and unconditionally release Mostafa Maher and Haytham Mohamdeen as their detention is arbitrary, and the charge against them is overly vague and has no credible basis. They appear to have been targeted solely because of their history of peaceful activism." Ordre des avocats de Geneve wrote a letter expressing concern over his arrest and the broader situation of human rights lawyers in Egypt. The Haldane Society of Socialist Lawyers gave a lecture on Mohamedain's case.
The Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission has taken on his case as well, as a part of the Defending Freedom Project.
# Żelazówka

Żelazówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbrowa Tarnowska, within Dąbrowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Dąbrowa Tarnowska and 77 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.
# Battle of Faventia

In the spring of 542, at the Battle of Faventia (modern Faenza), an Ostrogothic army under king Totila scattered the larger Roman forces of generals Constantian and Alexander, beginning the resurgence of Gothic resistance to the Roman reconquest of Italy. Before the battle, Valaris, a gigantic Goth, challenged any Roman to do single combat with him. Valaris was slain by the Byzantine soldier Artabazes, who was also mortally wounded.

## Battle

The key moment during the battle, was, according to Procopius, when the Roman rear was violently attacked by some 300 men of the Ostrogothic cavalry.
# Jebel Airport

Jebel International Airport is an airport under construction to serve Balkanabat, Jebel and the Balkan Region in Turkmenistan. Is one of six international airports in the country. The airport will have a passenger capacity of 100 people per hour.
Once open, it will replace the existing Balkanabat Airport as the city's main airport. Expected to be completed by 2025.

## History

A tender for the construction of a new airport in Jebel, Balkan Province was announced in December 2020 by the Ministry of Construction and Architecture of Turkmenistan.
On June 10, 2021, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development allocated a $75 million loan for the construction of the airport in Jebel, Balkan Region. The loan, provided to State Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs of Turkmenistan, has a 15-year term, including a 3-year grace period, with an interest rate of 4% per annum.
On July 14, 2021, a groundbreaking ceremony was held for the future airport, which is designed to handle 100 passengers per hour.
Construction began in August 2022. The international airport in Jebel is being constructed on a 275-hectare site by the Turkmen private enterprise Gündogdy.
As of February 2024, the construction of a transformer substation, a specialized water reservoir, and fire station facilities was nearing completion. A 35-meter tower for air traffic control staff and additional technical facilities were also under construction.

## Infrastructure

The airport complex will cover an area of 275 hectares. The site will include passenger and cargo terminals, an 35-metre air traffic control tower, and facilities for rescue and firefighting services.
The runway will have a length of 3,200 meters. The airport will also be equipped with ground support systems capable of handling all types of aircraft.
The apron will accommodate 6 airplanes and 4 helicopters.
State-of-the-art navigation, lighting, and meteorological equipment will be supplied by international companies such as Thales, Indra, Motorola, and Rohde & Schwarz.
There are also a 20-bed pilots' hotel, a specialised aircraft servicing vehicle depot, a transformer substation, water storage tanks, external water supply systems and auxiliary buildings.

## Access

The international airport in Jebel, Balkan Region, Turkmenistan, is being constructed 20 kilometers northwest of the city of Balkanabat and 4 kilometers from the Mollagara mud resort. Jebel is located at the junction of the M37 highway and the P-17 highway, which leads to the Cheleken Peninsula.
# Doom9

Doom9 is a website featuring information on digital audio and video manipulation (mostly video) and digital copyrights. It is also the forum username of the author of the page, an Austrian who was a college student at the time of the creation of the site. Doom9 is also known as the main discussion forum for many major video encoding tools, such as x264, AviSynth, and MeGUI.

## History

Started in March 2000, the site has expanded to contain a wide range of information on the subject of digital video encoding and DVD backup (or ripping). The most popular sections of the site were the guides to DVD ripping and the annual codec comparisons, where popular digital video codecs were compared on the basis of quality, speed, and compression. The forum is frequented by many developers of the tools and codecs featured on the site, such as FairUse4WM.
The VirtualDubMod project began after many modifications to VirtualDub were posted on the Doom9 forums.
Doom9 gained notoriety due to its involvement in the AACS encryption key controversy. The utility BackupHDDVD was first posted by a Doom9 poster using the alias muslix64. The earliest information on how to find title and volume keys was also first revealed on Doom9 forums, by other users. The key that set off the controversy was also first posted by a user using the name arnezami.

## Projects

Due to the concentration of forum members who have technical backgrounds, there have been various software projects developed and maintained by forum members. These include:
* Media Player Classic Home Cinema, a lightweight media player using the DirectShow API
* ffdshow-tryouts, a collection of free software codecs, most notably libavcodec, provided as DirectShow filters
Doom9 members have also contributed significantly to various software projects, including:
* x264, a free software H.264 video encoder
* VirtualDubMod, a video capture and linear editing tool
# Erick Williams

Erick Williams is an American chef. In 2022, he was named Best Chef in the Great Lakes Region by the James Beard Foundation.

## Early life and education

Williams was born in Chicago and raised in Chicago's Lawndale and Austin neighborhoods. He first started cooking by helping his grandmother prepare dinner.

## Career

Williams worked for nearly 20 years at mk in Chicago's River North neighborhood, where he started as a salad chef and in 2008 became executive chef and eventually part owner.
In 2018, Williams opened Virtue in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood, hiring Damarr Brown, who had been his sous chef at mk, as chef de cuisine. The restaurant serves Black southern cuisine. Esquire and Eater named it to their lists of the best new restaurants in the country in 2019. In 2022, Garden & Gun asked rhetorically, "Is it possible the best restaurant now interpreting the food of Black Southerners does business outside the South?" In 2021, he opened Mustard Seed Kitchen in the South Loop and in 2022 Daisy’s Po-Boy and Tavern in Hyde Park. He also owns a fast-casual restaurant, Top This Mac N' Cheese.
In 2019, The New York Times named Williams one of sixteen Black chefs "changing food in America". According to Crain's Chicago Business, Bloomberg News and Ebony, he "paved the way" and "fueled" the development of fine-dining Southern cuisine in Chicago.

## Awards

In 2019, Williams received Food & Dining's Gamechanger Award. In 2020 the Chicago Tribune named Williams Chef of the Year. In 2022 Williams was named Best Chef in the Great Lakes Region by the James Beard Foundation. In 2023 Nation's Restaurant News named him Innovator of the Year.

## Personal life

Williams is married. His wife's name is Tiffany.
# John O'Leary (sport shooter)

John O'Leary (16 December 1880 – 8 March 1967) was a British sports shooter. He competed in three events at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Pseudocommando

In forensic psychiatry, a pseudocommando is a mass murderer who commits premeditated murder–suicide mass killings driven by revenge fantasies, typically involving the stockpiling of weapons followed by a heavily armed commando-style attack.
They typically see their actions through a narcissistic lens as being morally justified in revenge against their unfair treatment by an uncaring world, and wish to "go out in a blaze of glory".
Some observers have divided mass killers into three categories: pseudocommandos, family annihilators, and hit-and-run killers.
Pseudocommandos will have the tendency to possibly kill themselves after committing the crime and will plan the crime ahead of time ensuring a higher death toll, planning may include ways on how to obtain a weapon and a basic idea of where the majority of people will be.
# Automotive industry in Hyderabad

The automotive industry in Hyderabad began in the 1930s. Manufacturing started with the establishment of Hyderabad Allwyn, which manufactured auto-components and assembled Albion CX9 buses for Hyderabad State Railways. It was a joint venture of Industrial Development Trust of the Nizam's Hyderabad Government and Allwyn & Company. Praga Tools was established in 1943; HMT bearings opened in 1963 followed by Ordnance Factory Medak in 1984.

## 21st century

Tata Boeing Aerospace Limited 2007, Deccan Auto 2011, Mahindra tractor plant 2012 and support of Telangana government expanded the industry. National and multinational companies followed, such as Hyundai Motor Company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Maruti Suzuki. Research and development, manufacturing, marketing and assembling units opened in Hyderabad. The Telangana Government supported startups and attracted electric vehicle giant Triton to manufacture in Hyderabad.
# Spartanburg County School District 3

Spartanburg County School District 3 (SCSD3) is a public school district in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. Led by superintendent Kenny Blackwood, the district operates seven schools and the Daniel Morgan Technology Center.

## List of schools
### Elementary schools

* Cannons Elementary School
* Cowpens Elementary School

### Middle and junior high schools

Clifdale Middle School

### High schools

* Gettys D. Broome High School
# Żurowa

Żurowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szerzyny, within Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Szerzyny, 26 km (16 mi) south-east of Tarnów, and 92 km (57 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.
# Block Block

Block Block is a 1991 video game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. Its style of play is consistent with the traditional play of the brick buster type of games. It was included in Capcom Puzzle World, Capcom Classics Collection and Capcom Arcade 2nd Stadium.

## Gameplay

Block Block has two modes. One mode which plays through all 50 levels, and a beginner mode which only carries a selection of levels suitable for the novice. In the normal mode, the player is allowed to choose their starting level. Unlike some brick busting clones, this one introduces a twist on gameplay. You must use your playing skills to keep the size of the paddle in a playable state. If the paddle counter reaches zero, the paddle shrinks.

## Reception

Ryan Davis of GameSpot noted that the game is "playable if derivative", but the replacement of the paddle with conventional controls made the PlayStation Portable version a dismal experience.
# Żydów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Żydów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Wawrzeńczyce and 25 km (16 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.
# Shark Beach with Anthony Mackie: Gulf Coast

Shark Beach with Anthony Mackie: Gulf Coast is an American television documentary that follows actor Anthony Mackie, who grew up fishing in the waterways of New Orleans, as he investigates the rising rumors of increased shark encounters in the Gulf of Mexico. Joined by a team of shark experts, he delves into the latest scientific research aimed at fostering coexistence between humans and sharks in Louisiana.
The show premiered on July 1, 2024 during NatGeo's "Sharkfest" and was available for streaming on Disney+ and Hulu the next day.
# Cirsium flodmanii

Cirsium flodmanii, commonly known as prairie thistle, Flodman's thistle, or (in French) chardon de Flodman, is a plant species native to Canada and the northern United States. It has been found in every Canadian province from Québec to Alberta, as well as from the northern Great Plains, northern Rocky Mountains, and western Great Lakes regions of the US, as well as northern parts of Vermont, New York, and Washington.
Cirsium flodmanii is a perennial herb up to 140 cm (55 inches) tall. Leaves are up to 40 cm (16 inches) long, with numerous fine spines along the edges. Flowers are usually purple, occasionally white. The plant generally is found in grasslands and pastures.

## Gallery

* Habit
* Stem
* Inflorescence
* Involucre (unopened)
* Involucre (blooming)
# Alume

Alume (Acjachemen: "raising the head in looking upward") was a large Acjachemen village located at the foot of Santiago Peak, upstream from the village of Putiidhem ,within what is now O'Neill Regional Park near the Trabuco Adobe, which was built in 1810 as an outpost of Mission San Juan Capistrano. The village was also recorded as Alaugna and as El Trabuco in San Juan Capistrano mission records, and is also referred to as Alauna, Aluna, and Alona. The village was also acknowledged by the Payómkawichum.

## History

On July 24–25, 1769, the Portolá expedition passed by the village. Juan Crespí noted that "there is a stream in this hollow [Trabuco Creek] with the finest and purest running water we have come upon so far," further writing "we made camp close to a village of the most tractable and friendly heathens we have seen upon the whole way; as soon as we arrived they all came over weaponless to our camp... and have stayed almost the whole day long with us."
60 people from the village were baptized as part of the colonial project Christian conversion of Indigenous peoples at Spanish missions in California between 1777 and 1787.
Tecla María Huinauhuegen of Zoucche Tecla María Huinauhuegen, who was the seventh person baptized at San Juan Capistrano when she was fourteen years old in April 1779 was the daughter of a man named Chaquel. In 1780, she would go on to marry José Ygnacio Paichi of Tobani from Doheny Beach in August. Only one child of this couple would go on to reach adulthood. This was common during the mission period as a result of colonialism, where, for example, a missionary during this period recorded that three out of four children died at Mission San Gabriel before reaching the age of two. This child was recorded as Manuel Romano in San Juan Capistrano mission records, who married Antonina Ayanequit of the village of Alauna in 1801.
In 1810, the Trabuco Adobe was constructed near the village site as an outpost of San Juan Capistrano. Similar to other Acjachemen villages, Alume likely became depleted by the expansion of Mission San Juan Capistrano. In 1810, the mission already had a native or "neophyte" population of 1,136. By 1833 over 4,317 native people (1,689 adults and 2,628 children), largely from surrounding Acjachemen villages, had been baptized at the mission. That same year it was recorded that 3,158 had died in that same period, indicating the disastrous effects of the mission system on native people's lives.
# Sally Marks

Sally J. Marks (January 18, 1931 – January 14, 2018) was an American historian and author specialising in the field of post-First World War diplomatic history.

## Biography

Marks was born in New Haven, Connecticut. After graduation from Wellesley College, she worked for the US Department of Defense. Marks received a master's degree at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, before doing a PhD in the United Kingdom at the London School of Economics.
Marks lectured in history at Rhode Island College, receiving the Mary Tucker Thorp College Professorship in 1983. Her research during the 1970s focused on then-newly opened archives of diplomatic correspondence from the period during and immediately after the First World War. Her discoveries in these archives cast doubt on the then-popular viewpoint advocated by John Maynard Keynes that the Versailles treaty had been excessively punitive. In 1988 she took early retirement from teaching at the college to focus full-time on research. From the 1990s onwards Marks suffered from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and in later life from poor eyesight.
Historian William R. Keylor of Boston University said of her work that it had "...precipitated what might be called the post-Keynesian version of the economic portion of the peace settlement of 1919 that has won widespread acceptance in the profession".

## Awards and honors

Marks received the George Louis Beer Prize for her 1981 book Innocent Abroad: Belgium at the Paris Peace Conference. She also received the Phi Alpha Theta senior scholar award, as well as fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson Foundation and the American Council of Learned Societies.

## Books

Marks was the author of books including:
* The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe 1918–1933 (Macmillan, 1976)
* Innocent Abroad: Belgium at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 (University of North Carolina Press, 1981)
* The Ebbing of European Ascendancy: An International History of the World, 1914–1945 (Arnold, 2002)
* Paul Hymans: Belgium (Makers of the Modern World: The Peace Conferences of 1919–23 and Their Aftermath, Haus Publishing, 2010)
# John Parton

John Wesley Parton (31 January 1863 – 30 January 1906) was an English first-class cricketer, who played one match for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1889, against Nottinghamshire at Bramall Lane, Sheffield. He had the economical bowling figures of 10 overs, 7 maidens, 1 wicket for 4 runs in Nottinghamshire's first innings of 225, and was caught Barnes bowled Attewell for 2 in Yorkshire's first innings of 201. He did not bowl in Notts second innings of 134, and scored 14 before he was stumped by Sherwin from the bowling of Flowers. Yorkshire were bowled out for 122 in 90 overs, despite Ted Wainwright's 60, and Nottinghamshire won by 36 runs.
In 1889, he was engaged by Worksop C.C. and after playing for Yorkshire, he was professional for Werneth C.C. in Lancashire for many years.
He also played, while County Club professional and player instructor at Wellington Old Hall School, for Shropshire in 1892 and 1893, playing in 15 matches, making a total 679 runs, achieving two centuries and taking 27 wickets.
Born in Wellington, Shropshire, England, Parton died on the day before his 43rd birthday in January 1906 in Rotherham, Yorkshire.
# Spartanburg County School District 6

Spartanburg County School District 6 (SCSD6) is a public school district in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, US. Led by superintendent Ken Kiser, the district operates thirteen schools.
It serves western Spartanburg as well as Arcadia, Fairforest, Glenn Springs, Pauline, Roebuck, and most of Arkwright, Hilltop, Saxon and Southern Shops.

## List of schools
### Elementary schools

* Anderson Mill Elementary
* Arcadia Elementary
* Fairforest Elementary
* Jessee S. Bobo Elementary
* Lone Oak Elementary
* Pauline-Glenn Springs Elementary
* Roebuck Elementary
* West View Elementary
* Woodland Heights Elementary

### Middle and junior high schools

* Fairforest Middle
* Gable Middle
* R. P. Dawkins Middle

### High schools

* Dorman Freshman Campus
* Dorman High School
* RD Anderson Applied Technology Center