# Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering

The Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (NNIIRT) is a Russian electronics company specializing in the development and manufacturing of radar equipment. It is a subsidiary of the Almaz-Antey group.

## History

Founded in 1947, NNIIRT is based in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
Beginning in 1975, NNIIRT developed the first VHF 3D radar capable of measuring height, range, and azimuth to a target. This effort produced the 55Zh6 'Nebo' VHF surveillance radar, which passed acceptance trials in 1982.
In the post–Cold War era, NNIIRT developed the 55Zh6 Nebo U 'Tall Rack' radar, which has been integrated with the SA-21 anti-aircraft weapons system. This system is deployed around Moscow.
In 2013, NNIIRT announced the further development of the 55Zh6UME Nebo-UME, which combines VHF and L band radars on a single assembly.

## NNIIRT designed air surveillance radars

The Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (Russian acronym: NNIIRT) has since 1948 developed a number of radars.
Other innovations were radars with frequency hopping; the P-10 Volga A (NATO: KNIFE REST B) in 1953, radars with transmitter signal coherency and special features like moving target indicator (MTI); the P-12 Yenisei (NATO: SPOON REST) in 1955, as well as the P-70 Lena-M with chirp signal modulation in 1968.
| Radar | NATO reporting name | Radio spectrum (NATO) | Developed | Production plant | Notes |
| P-3 | | VHF | 1948 | NITEL | The first Soviet post-World War II air surveillance radar |
| P-8 Volga | KNIFE REST A | VHF | 1950 | NITEL | The first Soviet radar with circular scan |
| P-10 Volga A | KNIFE REST B | VHF | 1953 | NITEL | Frequency hopping |
| P-12 Yenisei | SPOON REST | VHF | 1955 | NITEL | Coherent radar with MTI |
| P-14 Lena | TALL KING | VHF | 1959 | NITEL | |
| P-70 Lena-M | | VHF | 1968 | | First Soviet radar with chirp |
| P-18 Terek | SPOON REST D | VHF | 1970 | NITEL | |
| 5N84A Oborona-14 | TALL KING C | VHF | 1974 | NITEL | |
| 5N69 Salute | BIG BACK | D-band | 1975 | | First Soviet 3D-radar |
| 44Zh6 | TALL KING B | VHF | 1979 | NITEL | Stationary version of Oborona-14 |
| 55Zh6 Nebo | TALL RACK | VHF | 1982 | NITEL | First Soviet meter-wavelength 3D-radar |
| 1L13 | | | 1982 | | |
| 1L121-E | | UHF | 2011 | | |
| 52E6 | | VHF | 1982–1996 | | |
| 1L13-3 Nebo-SV | BOX SPRING | VHF | 1985 | NITEL | |
| 55ZH6U Nebo-U | TALL RACK | VHF | 1992 | NITEL | |
| 1L119 Nebo-SVU | | VHF | 1997–2006 | | |
| 59N6-1 Protivnik-G1 | | D-band | 1997 | | Average time between failures 840 hours |
| 1L122 Avtobaza | | D-band | 1997–2006 | | |
| 52E6MU | | VHF | 1997–2006 | | |
| P-18 modernisation kits | SPOON REST D | VHF | 1997–2006 | | |
| 55ZH6M Nebo-M | | VHF/multi-band | 2011 | | |
| 59N6M | | | | | |

## Management

* Tyulin Valery Evgenievich — General Director;
* Tsyganov Maxim Alexandrovich — Deputy General Director for General Issues;
* Fomin Andrey Vladimirovich — Deputy General Director for Production;
* Cherney Pyotr Ivanovich — Deputy General Director for Quality;
* Solonina Alyona Alexandrovna — Deputy General Director for Financial and Economic Affairs;
* Sadovnikova Olga Alexandrovna — Chief Accountant;
* Frantsev Mikhail Yevtifeevich — Deputy General Director — Chief Engineer.