# List of subsea tunnels in Norway

Norway's geography is dominated by fjords and islands. As of 2011, the country has thirty-three undersea tunnels, most of which are fixed links. Tunnels are chosen to replace ferries to allow residents of islands and remote peninsulas access to regional centers, where water-crossings are too long for bridges. The Ryfylke Tunnel is the country's longest, at 14,400 meters (47,200 ft).
The Ryfylke Tunnel is the world's deepest, reaching 292 meters (958 ft) below mean sea level. Norway's first subsea tunnel was the Vardø Tunnel, which opened in 1982. Most of the tunnels are built as fixed links, allowing ferry services to be abandoned. In 2010, the first three tunnels in cities, the Bjørvika Tunnel, the Skansen Tunnel and the Knappe Tunnel, were opened, all of which were built as motorways to bypass the city center. Suspended tunnels have been proposed, which could be installed in places too deep for conventional tunnels, such as the Sognefjord.

## Current

The following lists all subsea tunnels in use as of 2019. It includes the name, length in meters and feet, depth below mean sea level in meters and feet, the year the tunnel was taken into use with ordinary traffic (which may differ from the year it was officially opened), the road the tunnel carries, the county or counties the tunnel is in, and the municipalities, including any the tunnel passes through. Roads starting with E indicates a European route, while FV indicates a county road without signposted road number; only numbers indicates roadside-numbered county roads which are former national roads.
| Name | Length (m) | Length (ft) | Depth (m) | Depth (ft) | Opened | Road | Project | Fixed link for | County(s) | Municipality(s) |
| Ryfylke | 14,000 | 46,000 | 290 | 950 | 2019 | 13 | Ryfylke Fixed Link | Ryfylke | Rogaland | Stavanger and Strand |
| Karmøy | 8,900 | 29,200 | 139 | 456 | 2013 | 47 | T-Link | — | Rogaland | Karmøy and Tysvær |
| Bømlafjord | 7,888 | 25,879 | 263 | 863 | 2000 | E39 | Triangle Link | Bømlo and Stord | Vestland | Stord and Sveio |
| Eiksund | 7,765 | 25,476 | 287 | 942 | 2008 | 653 | Eiksund Fixed Link | Hareidlandet | Møre og Romsdal | Ulstein, Volda, and Ørsta |
| Oslofjord | 7,280 | 23,880 | 134 | 440 | 2000 | 23 | — | — | Akershus | Frogn and Asker |
| North Cape | 6,875 | 22,556 | 212 | 696 | 1999 | E69 | — | Magerøya | Finnmark | Nordkapp |
| Byfjord | 5,875 | 19,275 | 223 | 732 | 1992 | E39 | Rennesøy Fixed Link | Mosterøy and Sokn | Rogaland | Randaberg and Stavanger |
| Atlantic Ocean | 5,779 | 18,960 | 250 | 820 | 2009 | 64 | — | Kristiansund | Møre og Romsdal | Averøy and Kristiansund |
| Finnøy | 5,685 | 18,652 | 200 | 660 | 2009 | 519 | Finnøy Fixed Link | Finnøy and Talgje | Rogaland | Stavanger |
| Hitra | 5,645 | 18,520 | 264 | 866 | 1994 | 714 | Hitra–Frøya Fixed Link | Hitra | Trøndelag | Hitra |
| Hundvåg* | 5,600 | 18,400 | | | 2019 | 13 | Ryfylke Fixed Link | Hundvåg and Ryfylke | Rogaland | Stavanger |
| Knappe* | 5,400 | 17,700 | 29 | 95 | 2010 | 557 | Ring Road West | — | Vestland | Bergen |
| Frøya | 5,305 | 17,405 | 164 | 538 | 2000 | 714 | Hitra–Frøya Fixed Link | Frøya | Trøndelag | Frøya and Hitra |
| Freifjord | 5,086 | 16,686 | 130 | 430 | 1992 | 70 | Kristiansund Fixed Link | Kristiansund | Møre og Romsdal | Gjemnes and Kristiansund |
| Mastrafjord | 4,424 | 14,514 | 133 | 436 | 1992 | E39 | Rennesøy Fixed Link | Rennesøy | Rogaland | Stavanger |
| Valderøy | 4,222 | 13,852 | 133 | 436 | 1992 | 658 | Vigra Fixed Link | Valderøya and Vigra | Møre og Romsdal | Giske and Ålesund |
| Halsnøy | 4,120 | 13,520 | 136 | 446 | 2008 | 544 | — | Halsnøy | Vestland | Kvinnherad |
| Godøy | 3,844 | 12,612 | 153 | 502 | 1989 | 658 | Vigra Fixed Link | Godøy | Møre og Romsdal | Giske |
| Hvaler | 3,751 | 12,306 | 120 | 390 | 1989 | 108 | — | Hvaler | Østfold | Hvaler |
| Ellingsøy | 3,520 | 11,550 | 144 | 472 | 1987 | 658 | Vigra Fixed Link | Ellingsøy | Møre og Romsdal | Giske |
| Tromsøysund* | 3,500 | 11,500 | 102 | 335 | 1994 | E8 | — | Tromsøya | Troms | Tromsø |
| Ibestad | 3,396 | 11,142 | 112 | 367 | 2000 | 848 | — | Rolla | Troms | Ibestad |
| Sløverfjord | 3,337 | 10,948 | 112 | 367 | 1997 | E10 | Lofoten Fixed Link | Lofoten | Nordland | Hadsel |
| Bjarkøy | 3,250 | 10,660 | 129 | 423 | 2018 | 867 | Bjarkøy Fixed Link | Bjarkøya | Troms | Harstad |
| Vardø | 2,892 | 9,488 | 88 | 289 | 1983 | E75 | — | Vardøya | Finnmark | Vardø |
| Fannefjord | 2,743 | 8,999 | 101 | 331 | 1991 | 64 | Skåla Fixed Link | Skålahalvøya | Møre og Romsdal | Molde |
| Rya | 2,675 | 8,776 | 87 | 285 | 2011 | 858 | — | Malangshalvøya | Troms | Tromsø |
| Flekkerøy | 2,327 | 7,635 | 101 | 331 | 1989 | 457 | — | Flekkerøy | Agder | Kristiansand |
| Melkøysund | 2,316 | 7,598 | 62 | 203 | 2003 | Private | — | Melkøya | Finnmark | Hammerfest |
| Maursund | 2,122 | 6,962 | 93 | 305 | 1991 | 866 | — | Kågen | Troms | Nordreisa and Skjervøy |
| Bjorøy | 2,012 | 6,601 | 88 | 289 | 1996 | FV 207 | — | Bjorøy | Vestland | Bergen and Øygarden |
| Skatestraum | 1,902 | 6,240 | 91 | 299 | 2002 | 616 | Bremanger Fixed Link | Bremangerlandet | Vestland | Bremanger |
| Kvalsund | 1,650 | 5,410 | 56 | 184 | 1988 | 863 | — | Rinvassøya | Troms | Tromsø |
| Bjørvika* | 1,100 | 3,600 | 20 | 66 | 2010 | E18 | Oslo Package 1 | — | Oslo | Oslo |
| Skansen | 715 | 2,346 | 14 | 46 | 2010 | 706 | Nordre avlastningsvei | — | Trøndelag | Trondheim |

## Under construction

The following tunnels are under construction, but are not yet completed or taken into use.
| Name | Length (m) | Length (ft) | Depth (m) | Depth (ft) | Opening | Road | Project | Fixed link for | County(s) | Municipality(s) | Ref(s) |
| Rogfast* | 25,000 | 82,000 | 390 | 1,280 | 2033 | E39 | Rogaland Fixed Link | Kvitsøy and Haugaland | Rogaland | Bokn, Kvitsøy, and Randaberg | |

## Proposed

The following includes tunnels which have been proposed and which are either being planned by the Norwegian Public Road Administration, or are in the National Transport Plan 2010–2019. Projects which have been abandoned or have not been subject to public investigations are not included. Several of the most trafficked ferry sections are not currently proposed, as the fjords are too deep to have a tunnel with current technology. As of 2011, there are 160 ferry crossings in the country, the majority of which could potentially be replaced by fixed links. For the authorities, the decision to build new tunnels depends on the length, possibility of building a bridge, depth of the sound or fjord and population in the affected areas. While the first tunnels were mostly part of fixed links to connect island and sealocked communities to the mainland, focus has recently shifted more towards replacing ferries on main roads connecting regions, in particular European Route E39, which runs along the west coast.
| Name | Length (m) | Length (ft) | Depth (m) | Depth (ft) | Road | Project | Fixed link for | County(s) | Municipality(s) |
| Langfjord | 10,000 | 33,000 | | | 64 | — | Romsdal and Sekken | Møre og Romsdal | Molde and Rauma |
| Sotra* | 6,000 | 20,000 | | | 555 | — | Sotra and Øygarden | Vestland | Bergen and Øygarden |
| Tautra* | 13,000 | 43,000 | | | E39 | Møre Fixed Link | Otrøya | Møre og Romsdal | Molde and Vestnes |
| Storfjord | — | — | — | — | 60 | — | Sykkylven and Stranda | Møre og Romsdal | Ålesund and Sykkylven |
| Trondheimsfjord | 15—36 km | — | 540 | — | 715 | — | Fosen | Trøndelag | Indre Fosen and Trondheim |
| Trondheimsfjord | 6—16 km | — | 400 | — | 710/718 | Road/Electricity | Fosen | Trøndelag | Orkland and Ørland |
| Moss–Horten | 17,000 | 56,000 | 300 | 980 | 82 | — | — | Vestfold and Østfold | Horten and Moss |
| Langsund | 2,900 | 9,500 | | | 863 | — | Reinøya | Troms | Karlsøy |