OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Urinary tract obstruction

Urinary tract obstruction is a urologic disease consisting of a decrease in the free passage of urine through one or both ureters and/or the urethra. It is a cause of urinary retention. Complete obstruction of the urinary tract requires prompt treatment for renal preservation. Any sign of infection, such as fever and chills, in the context of obstruction to urine flow constitutes a urologic emergency.

## Causes

Causes of urinary tract obstruction include:
* Bladder stone and renal stone
* Benign prostatic hyperplasia
* Obstruction as a congenital disorder.
* Foreign object such as a bullet or pellet.

### Congenital urinary tract obstruction

Urinary tract obstruction as a congenital disorder results in oligohydramnios which in turn can lead to the Potter sequence of atypical physical appearance. Pulmonary hypoplasia is by far the main cause of death in the early neonatal period for children with congenital lower urinary tract obstruction.
Fetal surgery of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction seems to improve survival, according to a randomized yet small study.
Urinary tract obstruction due to foreign object
While uncommon, there are case reports in the human and veterinary literature of a bullet or other ballistic projectile migrating to the urethra and causing a urinary tract obstruction. This has been reported in people, small animals, and a goat.

### Sitting voiding position

A meta-analysis on the influence of voiding position on urodynamics in healthy males and males with LUTS showed that in the sitting position, the residual urine in the bladder was significantly reduced. The other parameters, namely the maximum urinary flow and the voiding time were increased and decreased respectively. For healthy males, no influence was found on these parameters, meaning that they can urinate in either position.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosing urinary tract obstruction involves several steps and tests to determine the location and severity of the blockage. Here are some common methods used:
Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will ask about symptoms, medical history, and perform a physical examination to check for signs of urinary tract obstruction.
Imaging Tests:
* Ultrasound: This is often the first imaging test used to detect obstructions in the urinary tract.
* CT Scan: Provides detailed images of the urinary tract and can help identify the location and cause of the obstruction.
* MRI: Used in some cases to get detailed images of the urinary tract.
Urine Tests: These tests can detect signs of infection, blood, or other abnormalities in the urine.
Blood Tests: These tests can check for signs of kidney damage or infection.
Cystoscopy: A procedure where a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the urethra to examine the bladder and urethra for obstructions.
Urodynamic Tests: These tests measure the pressure and flow of urine to help identify blockages.
Nuclear Scans: These scans use a small amount of radioactive material to evaluate kidney function and detect obstructions.

## Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the obstruction and the severity of the symptoms.
# Madera County Courthouse

The Madera County Courthouse is the former county courthouse of Madera County, California. The courthouse is located at 210 W. Yosemite Ave. in Madera. It was built in 1900 using granite quarried within the county. The courthouse was the first significant public building constructed in Madera County. The building is topped by a clock tower; the tower fell in a 1906 fire but was rebuilt. In 1953, the county government left the courthouse, as a survey found the building to be unsafe. The Madera County Historical Society later converted the courthouse into a museum.
The Madera County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 1971.
# Stereotype (UML)

A stereotype is one of three types of extensibility mechanisms in the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the other two being tags and constraints.$^{:73}$ They allow designers to extend the vocabulary of UML in order to create new model elements, derived from existing ones, but that have specific properties that are suitable for a particular domain or otherwise specialized usage. The nomenclature is derived from the original meaning of stereotype, used in printing. For example, when modeling a network, one might need to have symbols for representing routers and hubs. By using stereotyped nodes, these can be made to appear as primitive building blocks.
Graphically, a stereotype is rendered as a name enclosed by guillemets (« » or, if guillemets proper are unavailable, << >>) and placed above the name of another element.$^{:73}$ In addition, or alternatively, it may be indicated by a specific icon. The icon image may even replace the entire UML symbol. For instance, in a class diagram stereotypes can be used to
* classify method behavior, e.g. with «constructor» and «getter» and
* refine the classifier itself, e.g. with «interface».
One alternative to stereotypes, suggested by Peter Coad in his book Java Modeling in Color with UML: Enterprise Components and Process is the use of colored archetypes. The archetypes indicated by different-colored UML boxes can be used in combination with stereotypes. This added definition of meaning indicates the role that the UML object plays within the larger software system.

## Stereotype attributes

From version 2.0 the previously independent tagged value is considered to be a stereotype attribute. The name tagged value is still kept. Each stereotype has zero or more tag definitions, and all stereotyped UML elements have the corresponding number of tagged values.

## UML-defined stereotypes
### Become

In UML, become is a keyword for a specific UML stereotype, and applies to a dependency (modeled as a dashed arrow). Become shows that the source modeling element (the arrow's tail) is transformed into the target modeling element (the arrow's head), while keeping some sort of identity, even though it may have changed values, state, or even class.
While UML 2.1 uses the «become» stereotype within the specification, it does not define it.

## Examples

For example, three are used in the entity–control–boundary pattern (ECB or BCE pattern) and four in the robustness diagram (Boundary, Control, Entity and Actor).
# Douglas Netter

Douglas Netter (May 23, 1921 – May 8, 2017) was an American television executive, largely in the science fiction genre. His first credit was as associate producer of the 1967 Matt Helm (Dean Martin) comedy The Ambushers, about a government-built flying saucer.

## Biography

In October 1967, Netter was signed as a producer to actor Jack Lemmon's independent film production company, Jalem Productions. His role was to develop properties for production, either starring or non-starring properties for Lemmon, as the company had deals with Columbia Pictures and Cinema Center Films. In December 1967, it was reported that Netter was developing the property The Crime Against Marcella for Jalem Productions, a film which was not to star Lemmon (like Cool Hand Luke, also produced by Lemmon) with financing and distribution through Cinema Center Films. The film was never made.
Between 1970 and 1975 Netter was the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at MGM Studios. It was a controversial period at the studio with many filmmakers unhappy with the treatment they received from Netter and studio president James Aubrey.
In 1975 he produced the Dean Martin crime movie Mr. Ricco, and in 1978 was co-producer of the African mercenary movie The Wild Geese. The next year he began a period when he concentrated on the Western genre, producing The Sacketts, a TV miniseries based on Louis L'Amour's Sackett family and serving as executive producer of the NBC TV movie Buffalo Soldiers. Over the next two years he also executive produced Wild Times and L'Amour's The Cherokee Trail.
1987 saw Netter's first involvement with J. Michael Straczynski, when he was producer of Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future that was story-edited and partially written by Straczynski, after which he was executive producer of the Babylon 5 TV series and various spin-offs (sharing equal executive producer credit with Straczynski). A still photo of Netter shows him portraying the Babylon 5 character of Earth Alliance President Luis Santiago (The A-Z Guide to Babylon 5, ISBN 0-440-22385-7).
Between the third and fourth seasons of Babylon 5, he founded and appointed himself CEO of Netter Digital, a CGI special effects company. Netter Digital then replaced Foundation Imaging as the special effects studio for the series, doing all the CGI work for the final season of that show, as well as several of the Babylon 5 telefilms, and did all the effects for its short-lived spinoff, Crusade. He was also an executive producer for the only season of Hypernauts in 1996.
With the cancellation of Crusade in 1999, Netter Digital lost its only client. Unable to promptly replace it with other customers, the company went out of business in 2000.
In 2006, Netter began executive producing Babylon 5: The Lost Tales, the latest venture set in the Babylon 5 universe. The direct-to-DVD publication was released on July 31, 2007. Netter died on May 8, 2017.
His grandson Jason Netter was an associate editor on Babylon 5 and has gone on to produce a number of shows, including Preacher (2016-2019) for AMC and The Boys for Amazon Prime.
# Vikatakavi

Vikatakavi is a 1984 Malayalam film, written and directed by Hariharan. It stars Prem Nazir, Madhavi and Mammootty in the lead roles. The film's music has been composed by Devarajan, with lyrics by P. Bhaskaran.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Sankunni Nair
* Madhavi as Santhi
* Mammootty as Usman
* Balan K. Nair
* T. G. Ravi as Krishnankutty/ K. K. Nair
* Swapna as Sudha
* Sukumari as Ayisha
* Kuthiravattam Pappu as Adruman
* Bahadoor as Avaran
* Vanitha Krishnachandran as Nabeesa
* Rajkumar Sethupathi as Sasi
* Aranmula Ponnamma as Sankunni's mother
* Pattom Sadan as Lohithakshan
* Lalithasree as Lalitha
* Janardhanan as Mahesh
* Vincent as S. P. Ramesh
* Sadhana as Mrs. Nair
* Radhamani as Narayani

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Kadicha Chundu" | K. J. Yesudas, P. Madhuri | P. Bhaskaran |
| 2 | "Mankappenne" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran |
| 3 | "Oru Kannil" | K. J. Yesudas, P. Madhuri | P. Bhaskaran |
| 4 | "Sankalpa Nandana" | K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela | P. Bhaskaran |
# Manyosen

Manyosen Co., Ltd. (万葉線株式会社, Man'yōsen Kabushiki-gaisha) is a third-sector electric railway (tram) company in Takaoka, Toyama, Japan. The name Manyosen, which literally translates to Manyo Line, is used to refer to both the company and the name of the tram line they operate. Their head office, depot and maintenance facility is located adjacent to the Yonejimaguchi tram stop.

## Lines

Manyosen operates two city tram lines: the Takaoka Kidō Line (8.0 km (5.0 miles), 17 stops) between Takaoka Station and Rokudōji, and the Shinminatokō Line (4.9 km (3.0 miles), 8 stops) between Rokudōji and Koshinokata.

## Services

The two lines are operated together as one route between Takaoka Station and Koshinokata.
As of January 2025, the service operates every 15 minutes (every 30 minutes in the early morning and at night). Travel time is 49 minutes.

## History

* The two tram lines originally operated by Kaetsunō Railway were transferred to the newly established Manyosen on April 1, 2002.
* On July 8, 2020, it received its one millionth passenger.
# Madison Barracks

Madison Barracks was a military installation established in 1813 or 1815 at Sackets Harbor that was built for occupation by 600 U.S. troops, a few years after the War of 1812. It was named for James Madison who had just completed his presidency in 1817. Construction began under the name Fort Pike. The facility is a National Historic Landmark and a historic district located in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 86 contributing buildings and two contributing structures. It includes the stone hospital, bakery, several warehouses known as "Stone Row," a stone water tower, and a series of brick buildings constructed in the 1890s as officers quarters, barracks, mess hall, and weapons storage and repair building.
Madison Barracks was the U.S. Army's primary post in upstate New York until Pine Camp (later renamed Fort Drum) was opened in 1908. Madison Barracks remained an active military installation through the end of World War II, to 1947.
The grounds and remaining buildings of Madison Barracks are now part of a combined residential and business development.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## Military Cemetery at Sackets Harbor

Military Cemetery at Sackets Harbor or Military Cemetery is located south of the barracks at Dodge Avenue and Spencer Drive since 1909. It is the resting place for Zebulon Pike.
# Styrene monooxygenase

A styrene monooxygenase (SMO; EC 1.14.14.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    styrene + FADH$_2$ + O$_2$ ↔ (S)-2-phenyloxirane + FAD + H$_2$O
as the first step of the aerobic styrene degradation pathway. The product 2-phenyloxirane is also known as styrene oxide and can be converted by a styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) to obtain phenylacetaldehyde, which can be transformed into the key-intermediate phenylacetic acid by a phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PAD).
The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from Pseudomonas species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.
In 2021, styrene monooxygenases with (R)-selectivity were described for the first time.
# Diva (Romanian TV channel)

Diva is a Romanian television channel owned by Universal Networks International. It launched on October 3, 2010 as Diva Universal.
On September 25, 2014, Diva Universal was renamed to Diva.

## Programmes

* Nashville
* Judging Amy
* Rookie Blue
* Army Wives
* The Real Housewives of Orange County
* McLeod's Daughters
* Medium
* Parenthood
* Monk
* Stalker
* Chicago Fire
* Chicago Med
* The Good Wife
* Grey's Anatomy
* Bunheads
* Good Witch
* Midsomer Murders
* The Mentalist
* Family Law
* Chesapeake Shores
* Departure
* Being Erica
* Nurse Jackie
* Haven
* Eastwick
* Hawaii Five-0
* Gilmore Girls
* Castle
* The Librarians
* Sullivan's Crossing
* Nurses
* HeartBeat
* Professor T.
* Hudson & Rex
* Magnum P.I.
* The Detail
* Mercy
* Desperate Housewives
* Almost Paradise
* Emma Fielding Mysteries
* Murders in...
* Coroner
* Signed, Sealed, Delivered
# Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve

Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve is a 253 hectare protected area in the suburb of Yellowwood Park, Durban, South Africa. The park was proclaimed in 1963, after land was donated by Mr Kenneth Stainbank for its purpose. The reserve is managed by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife.

## Flora and fauna

The park contains many real yellowwood trees, for which the surrounding suburb is named. The park has coastal forest and natural grassland which is habitat to the following animals:
* banded mongoose
* blue, red and grey duiker
* bushbaby
* bushbuck
* Egyptian mongoose
* genet
* impala
* reedbuck
* rock hyrax
* slender mongoose
* vervet monkey
* water monitor
* zebra

## Facilities and trails

There are 13 km of nature walks, as well as a 10 km mountain bike trail in the park. Recently three well marked walking trails have been added: a 5 km, family-friendly route; a moderate trail; and a more challenging 10 km route. There is also a wheelchair-friendly trail in the reserve, accessible from the main car park.
Within the reserve, surrounded by giant yellowwood trees, is a hidden treasure: Coedmore Castle. This is a gracious old stone homestead that was built by Dering Stainbank in 1885. Coedmore Castle still contains many of the original household contents including furniture from the nineteenth century, old family portraits and antique silverware. Coedmore Castle was maintained by members of the original family until 2018 when Elizabeth Keith, Kenneth's daughter, died. At this time so did the family usufruct and the building and surrounding property in terms of the deed of donation now vests in the state. As a consequence, the castle is no longer open to the public for guided tours and school outings. Likewise, the grounds are no longer available for hire.
Also in the reserve is the Mary Stainbank Memorial Gallery. Mary was a contemporary of Henry Moore, having graduated from the Royal College of Art, London, in 1925. The gallery contains a large body of her private works and papers and is open to the public by prior booking.
The reserve is also home to the Wilderness Leadership Foundation, founded by the late Ian Player. The school takes groups on guided walks through the province's northern game reserves, mainly Hluhluwe-Imfolozi.
# Loon Lake (Oregon)

Loon Lake is a 294-acre (119 ha) lake in Douglas County in the Oregon Coast Range of the United States, 15 miles (24 km) east-southeast of Reedsport, Oregon, at an elevation of 392 feet (119 m). The lake is about 2 miles (3 km) long with a maximum width of about 0.4 miles (0.6 km), and is over 100 feet (30 m) deep in some places.
The lake is "a classic example of a landslide lake", dammed by a slide of sandstone blocks which fell into the Lake Creek valley about 1,400 years ago. The lake was discovered in 1852 and named for the loons found on its waters.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor

The Archdiocese of Maribor (Latin: Archidioecesis Mariborensis, Slovene: Nadškofija Maribor) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Slovenia. Its episcopal see is Maribor.

## History

* 1859 : Maribor (then Marburg) became the see of the Diocese of Lavant
* March 5, 1962: Established as Diocese of Maribor from the Diocese of Lavant
* April 7, 2006: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Maribor
It was reported in January 2012 that the Archdiocese of Maribor was in deep financial difficulties and just before bankruptcy. The whole amount of debts, provoked by high-risk investments was 800 million euros. The Archbishop of Maribor, Marjan Turnšek, and the Archbishop of Ljubljana, Anton Stres, have resigned due to their involvement after the request by Pope Francis.

## United titles

* Lavant (since March 5, 1962)

## Special churches

* Former Cathedral:
** Stolna cerkev sv. Jurija, Ptuj
* Minor Basilica:
** Bazilika Marije, matere usmiljenja, Maribor
** Bazilika Marije Zavetnice s plaščem, Ptujska Gora

## Leadership

* Bishops of Maribor
** Maksimilijan Držečnik (5 March 1962 – 13 May 1978)
** Franc Kramberger (6 November 1980 – 7 April 2006); see below
* Archbishops of Maribor
** Franc Kramberger (7 April 2006 – 3 February 2011); see above
** Marjan Turnšek (3 February 2011 - 31 July 2013)
*** Stanislav Lipovšek, Bishop of Celje, Apostolic Administrator (31 July 2013 – 26 April 2015)
** Alojzij Cvikl, S.J. (14 March 2015 - present)
   * Coadjutor archbishop Anton Stres (31 January 2009 – 28 November 2009), did not succeed to see; appointed Archbishop of Ljubljana
   * Coadjutor archbishop Marjan Turnšek (28 November 2009 – 3 February 2011)

## Suffragan dioceses

* Celje
* Murska Sobota
# Shahbaz Khan Mosque

The Shahbaz Khan Mosque is a historic Sunni Hanafi mosque, located in Dhaka, in the Dhaka District of Bangladesh. Situated near Mir Jumla’s Gate, the mosque serves as an example of late Mughal architecture in Bengal, known as the Shaista Khan architectural style.

## History

The mosque and the adjacent shrine were built in 1679, by Hazi Khwaja Shahbaz Khan, an affluent merchant from Dhaka, who was buried in the shrine after his death.

## Architecture

The mosque is rectangular and divided into three equal interior sections, each of which is roofed over by an onion dome. The eastern façade of the mosque has three arched openings, and the northern and southern façades have single-arched openings leading to the prayer hall. The prayer hall houses three semi-octagonal mihrabs, each aligned with one opening through the eastern façade. The central mihrab is larger and highly ornamented with Cyprus-filled kanjuras (decorative merlons), ornate arabesque plastic relief on the spandrels, a cusped arch, and engaged colonettes standing on bulbous floral bases. At the four corners, there are four ribbed, octagonal turrets, capped with plastered cupolas.
In 1950, the Eastern circle of the Pakistan Directorate of Archaeology (DOA) took over the mosque for restoration.

## Gallery

* Dargah of Shahbaz Khan
* The mosque in 2016
* The mosque in 2016
# Alverstone Wildlife Park

Alverstone Wildlife Park is a 100 hectare nature reserve near Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The reserve was created in 1997 by a group of neighbouring landowners.
The wildlife park has a diverse ecosystem, which includes grasslands, a forest, and wetlands. A number of mammals can be found in the reserve, including duiker, bushbuck, bushpig, civet, genet, mongoose and rock hyrax. Herds of blesbok, blue wildebeest, impala and zebra have been introduced to the reserve.