OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Codium edule

Codium edule is a green alga common on shallow reef flats from the intertidal to the subtidal in tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. The species is common in Hawaiʻi where it is usually called wāwaeʻiole (meaning "ratʻs foot") and considered an edible alga or limu. Prominent ethnobotanist Isabella Abbott described its usage in her writing.

## Description

Codium edule is a fleshy, dark green seaweed, with a soft, spongy texture. Its repeatedly forked branches lie flat and attach to surfaces, forming mats that incorporate coral rubble, rocks, and shells. The fronds of C. edule are split in two or three ways, are round, and get thinner at the ends. The branches are 3-5 mm wide and are held together or to the substratum by small, cushion-like holdfasts.

## Distribution and habitat

Codium edule is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It grows in many places from Hawaii to the Federated States of Micronesia to Papua New Guinea, and as far west as Indonesia. In the Hawaiian Islands, the type location is Waikiki. It grows in intertidal zones and tide pools found at 6 to 10 ft deep, and likes attaching itself to coral rubble and broken shells. As a result, this forms clumps of dark green soft branches that are split into smaller parts.

## Human Use and cultural significance

Codium edule serves various purposes, including human food, medicinal applications, animal feed, fish meal, and fertilizer. Although it can be kept in the fridge for an extended period, it tastes best when consumed within 10 days of foraging. It can be enjoyed as a side dish with fish, seafood, or stew, or mixed with other types of seaweed. The limu needs first to be washed carefully as grains of sand, pieces of shells and other debris get caught in the mats.
# Xie Molin

Xie Molin (Chinese: 谢墨凛; born 1979) is a Chinese artist, best known for creating paintings in Beijing using a triaxial linkage machine.

## Background

After living in Wenzhou, a city in the Zhejiang Province of China, Xie Molin moved to Beijing in 1995 to attend the attached school of the China Central Academy of Fine Arts (CAFA). He graduated from the Mural Department of CAFA and obtained an M.F.A from the painting department of the Edinburgh College of Art.

## Career

Upon arriving back to Beijing Xie Molin participated in several group exhibitions including the CAFAM Future Exhibition at the CAFA Museum, ON/OFF: China's Young Artists in Concept and Practice at the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art (UCCA), Pull Left-Not Always Right at the Urban Arts Space at Ohio State University and at the Hillstrom Museum of Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota, 28 Chinese at the Rubell Family Collection in Miami, Focus Beijing: De Heus-Zomer Collection at the Museum Bojimans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam, Leaving Realism Behind at Pace Gallery in Beijing and A Victory Over Nothingness: Purse Snatch in Streetcar and Other Post Fevralist Absurdities at Intelligentsia Gallery in Beijing.
Xie Molin's work has been featured in solo shows at Pace Hong Kong, the Beijing Commune, and at Space Station in Beijing.
# Efisio Arru

Efisio Arru (Siligo, 1927 – Sassari, 2000) was an Italian scientist, from Sardinia. He graduated from the Veterinary Faculty of the University of Sassari in 1957, and in 1978 was appointed Professor of Parasitology at that university. Efisio Arru played a role in the study of parasitology in Italy, in particular the study and the fight against Echinococcus.
# Józef Roszyński

Józef Roszyński (born August 18, 1962 in Nidzica) is a Polish clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wewak. He was appointed bishop in 2015.
# Surplus note

In the United States a contingent surplus note, also known as an emergency subordinated bond is a bond-like instrument issued by an insurance company, developed in the 1990s by non-capitalized mutual insurance companies as a means of raising money. Surplus notes are debt-like in that they pay a coupon and have a finite maturity. However, in many cases, state insurance regulators have allowed insurance companies to classify the capital raised via surplus notes as “surplus” (which is the statutory equivalent of equity), because surplus note holders are last in line to make a claim on the company's assets in a default scenario, much like where equity holders reside in a public company.
These securities are subordinated obligations and fall at the very bottom of the operating insurance company's capital structure. They are issued primarily by mutual insurance companies, which are not public and are owned instead by their policy holders. The motivation for mutual companies to issue these instruments was to raise surplus (or equity) in response to new risk-based capital guidelines developed in the early 1990s. Because mutual companies are owned by policyholders, not shareholders, there was no alternative method to raise surplus or equity. While surplus note holders have last the claim on the assets of the operating insurance company, it is important to realize that this claim is at the operating company level, which is still ahead of holding company obligations.
# 2016 Ramadi bombing

On 27 January 2016, up to a dozen car bombs were set off in the city of Ramadi, attacking the 10th Iraqi army division. The attack killed 55 Iraqi soldiers and pro-government tribal fighters, wounding an unknown number as well. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack.
# Eshelby's inclusion

In continuum mechanics, Eshelby's inclusion problem refers to a set of problems involving ellipsoidal elastic inclusions in an infinite elastic body. Analytical solutions to these problems were first devised by John D. Eshelby in 1957.
Eshelby started with a thought experiment on the possible stress, strain, and displacement fields in a linear elastic body containing an inclusion. In particular, he considered the situation in which the inclusion has undergone a transformation (such as twinning or localized thermal expansion) but its change in shape and size are restricted because of the surrounding material. In that situation, the inclusion and the surrounding material remains in a stressed state. Also the strain states in the body and the inclusion are potentially inhomogeneous and complicated.
Eshelby found that the resulting elastic field can be found using a "sequence of imaginary cutting, straining and welding operations." Eshelby's finding that the strain and stress field inside the ellipsoidal inclusion is uniform and has a closed-form solution, regardless of the material properties and initial transformation strain (also called the eigenstrain), has spawned a large amount of work in the mechanics of composites.
The results find their applications in the effective medium theory for heterogeneous elastic materials.
# List of largest energy companies

The following is a list public energy companies ranked by market capitalization.
| Rank | Company | Country | Market Capitalization in USD (June 2024) | Sector |
| 1 | Saudi Aramco | Saudi Arabia | $1.7 trillion | Oil & Gas |
| 2 | ExxonMobil | United States | $490 billion | Oil & Gas |
| 3 | Chevron Corporation | United States | $281 billion | Oil & Gas |
| 4 | PetroChina | China | $233 billion | Oil & Gas |
| 5 | Shell Plc | United Kingdom | $220 billion | Oil & Gas |
| 6 | Total Energies | France | $155 billion | Oil & Gas |
| 7 | NextEra Energy | United States | $150 billion | Solar, Wind |
| 8 | ConocoPhillips | United States | $127 billion | Oil & Gas |
| 9 | China Shenhua Energy Co. | China | $118 billion | Coal |
| 10 | BP Plc | United Kingdom | $97 billion | Oil & Gas |
# Balkumbia

Balkumbia is a Mestizo fusion band that blends cumbia with Balkan music. It was formed in 2015 in the city of Barcelona, with musicians from Europe and Latinamerica.
Since its formation, Balkumbia has had a presence in the Barcelona music scene, participating on various occasions in local festivals, bars, and venues such as Marula or Mariatchi. Their musical proposal has allowed them to perform in renowned venues like Razzmatazz and Sala Apolo, sharing the stage with other artists such as Balkan Beat Box and Chico Trujillo.

## International tours

In 2016, Balkumbia embarked on its first tour, performing in 20 concerts across nine European countries, standing out at festivals like Samsara (Hungary), Vida Laska (Greece), and Hootananny (United Kingdom).
In 2017 and 2018, the band performed with notable bands like La Mano Ajena and Anarkia Tropical.
In 2019, Balkumbia was recognized as the best band in Barcelona, before embarking on their second tour of Latin America. The band played in Mexico and Colombia, appearing at venues such as Radio UNAM (Mexico) and Media Torta (Colombia).
In 2022, Balkumbia was invited as the main performance for the Guadalajara International Book Fair (FIL) in Mexico.

## Discography

* Balkumbia (2016)
* Balkumbia Vol.2 (2017), La Cúpula Music
* Mala Suerte (2022), Whatabout Music LLC.
# Morata de Jalón

Morata de Jalón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain.
It is the location of the Condes de Argillo Palace (1676).
# 1992 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix

The 1992 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 1992 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 8–10 May 1992 at the Jerez circuit.

## 500 cc race report

Mick Doohan was on pole, and got the lead at the start from Wayne Rainey and Kevin Schwantz. Doohan then opened a gap to Rainey, who in turn had a gap to a fight for 3rd between Schwantz and Àlex Crivillé. Crivillé retired and Niall Mackenzie went up to 3rd. Doohan won the race for his 4th win in a row.

## 500 cc classification

| Pos. | Rider | Team | Manufacturer | Time/Retired | Points |
| 1 | Mick Doohan | Rothmans Honda Team | Honda | +49:42.940 | 20 |
| 2 | Wayne Rainey | Marlboro Team Roberts | Yamaha | +18.991 | 15 |
| 3 | Niall Mackenzie | Yamaha Motor Banco | Yamaha | +28.373 | 12 |
| 4 | Kevin Schwantz | Lucky Strike Suzuki | Suzuki | +28.481 | 10 |
| 5 | John Kocinski | Marlboro Team Roberts | Yamaha | +39.357 | 8 |
| 6 | Peter Goddard | Valvoline Team WCM | ROC Yamaha | +48.801 | 6 |
| 7 | Juan Garriga | Ducados Yamaha | Yamaha | +52.482 | 4 |
| 8 | Randy Mamola | Budweiser Team/Global Motorsports | Yamaha | +53.688 | 3 |
| 9 | Miguel Duhamel | Yamaha Motor Banco | Yamaha | +53.932 | 2 |
| 10 | Doug Chandler | Lucky Strike Suzuki | Suzuki | +58.792 | 1 |
| 11 | Eddie Lawson | Cagiva Team Agostini | Cagiva | +1:03.477 | |
| 12 | Alex Barros | Cagiva Team Agostini | Cagiva | +1:21.460 | |
| 13 | Thierry Crine | Ville de Paris | ROC Yamaha | +1:46.825 | |
| 14 | Kevin Mitchell | MBM Racing | Harris Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 15 | Dominique Sarron | Team ROC Banco | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 16 | Michael Rudroff | Rallye Sport | Harris Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 17 | Cees Doorakkers | HEK Racing Team | Harris Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 18 | Toshiyuki Arakaki | Team ROC Banco | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 19 | Juan Lopez Mella | Nivea For Men Team | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 20 | Corrado Catalano | KCS International | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 21 | Serge David | Team ROC Banco | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 22 | Nicholas Schmassman | Uvex Racing Team | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 23 | Josef Doppler | Uvex Racing Team | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 24 | Marco Papa | Librenti Corse | Librenti | +3 Laps | |
| Ret (25) | Peter Graves | Peter Graves Racing Team | Harris Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (26) | Andreas Leuthe | VRP Racing Team | VRP | Retirement | |
| Ret (27) | Damon Buckmaster | Padgett's Motorcycles | Harris Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (28) | Claude Arciero | Arciero Racing Team | ROC Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (29) | Lucio Pedercini | Paton Grand Prix | Paton | Retirement | |
| Ret (30) | Eddie Laycock | Milla Racing | Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (31) | Àlex Crivillé | Campsa Honda Team | Honda | Retirement | |
| Sources: ||||||
# Lelese

Lelese (Hungarian: Lelesz, German: Lelsdorf) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Cerișor (Cserisor), Lelese, Runcu Mare (Nagyrunk), and Sohodol (Szohodol).
# Taína Caragol

Taína Caragol also known as Taína Beatriz Caragol-Barreto, is a Puerto Rican art historian, curator, and author. She currently serves as the curator for Latino Art and History at the National Portrait Gallery, since 2013. She previously held positions at Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and at the Museo de Arte de Ponce.

## Biography

Caragol has a BA degree in modern languages from the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras and a MA degree in French studies from Middlebury College. She has a PhD in 2013 in art history from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Her dissertation was titled, “Boom and Dust: The Rise of Latin American and Latino Art in New York Exhibition Venues and Auction Houses, 1970s–1980s”.
Since 2013, she has curator for Latino Art and History at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. Caragol was hired in part to diversify the museum collection holdings, and to promote diversity in museum representation and American identity in exhibitions. At the time of hire, the National Portrait Gallery had a 22,000-piece collection and held less than 1% Latino, 5% Black, and less than 25% female portraits. In the first 5 years at the role, she grew the Latin representation to 2.5%, mostly with around 150 new works by Latino artists.
She previously held a position as the Latin American bibliographer for the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, from 2004 to 2007; and as curator of education at the Museo de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico in 2010.
# Battle of Pavan Khind

The battle of Pavan Khind (/pɑːvʌnxɪnd/ PAAVANKHIND) was a rearguard last stand that took place on 13 July 1660, at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort Vishalgad, near the city of Kolhapur by the Maratha general Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Shambhu Singh Jadhav against Siddi Masud of the Bijapur Sultanate. The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.

## In popular culture

* The battle was depicted in episodes of Raja Shivchatrapati
* In 2022, a Marathi-language film depicting the battle is titled Pawankhind directed by Digpal Lanjekar starring Chinmay Mandlekar as Shivaji and Ajay Purkar as Baji Prabhu Deshpande released on 21 January.
# Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust

Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust is a conservation organization with a mission to save species from extinction. Gerald Durrell founded the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust as a charitable institution in 1963 with the dodo as its symbol. The trust was renamed Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust in its founder's honor on 26 March 1999. Its patron is Princess Anne, the Princess Royal.
Its headquarters are at Les Augrès Manor on the isle of Jersey in the English Channel. The grounds of Les Augrès Manor form the Durrell Wildlife Park, which was originally established by Gerald Durrell in 1959 as a sanctuary and breeding center for endangered species. The zoological park was known as the Jersey Zoo at that time.
As of 2016, the zoo was home to more than one hundred species of reptiles, birds and mammals, many of which are designated as endangered in the wild.
Despite strong resistance to his ideas from much of the zoological community, in 1959 Gerald Durrell succeeded in creating his own Zoo in Jersey, dedicating it to saving endangered animals from extinction. Gerald Durrell died aged 70, in January 1995. His wife Lee McGeorge Durrell succeeded him as Honorary Director of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust and maintains an intense involvement in the Trust's work both in Jersey and overseas.

## Jersey

Durrell provides intensive hands-on management of endangered species at its Jersey headquarters and through 50 conservation programmes in 18 countries worldwide.
Durrell's headquarters in Jersey is a safe-haven for endangered animals which need to be rescued from whatever is threatening their survival in their native home. Here they breed and recover in numbers while keeper-conservationists observe and study them to learn more about what they will need to thrive in the wild again.

## Durrell Wildlife Camp

Work began on the Durrell Wildlife Camp in early 2012. The wooded copse to the west of Les Augres Manor, bordering on the 'Lemur Lake' enclosure housing a mixed population of ring-tailed lemurs, black and white ruffed lemurs and red-fronted brown lemurs to the southwest. The lodging was named among the best overnight lodging at a zoo in the UK.

## Organic farm

The Trust established its own organic farm before any establishment of its kind in the UK. The Durrell Organic Farm was created in 1976 to provide the animal collection with non-chemically treated foods such as sunflowers and maize. It provides 70% of the animals' fruit, vegetable and forage needs over the year – produce which would otherwise cost the Trust well in excess of £20,000 to buy in commercially.

## Dodo Club

The Dodo Club is the children's wing of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust. The main focus of the club is environmental awareness and citizen science projects among younger members of the Trust. The Dodo Club is so named because the logo of the trust is a dodo, chosen by the founder Gerald Durrell as a reminder of man's wanton environmental destruction.
# Ka statue

A ka statue is a type of ancient Egyptian statue intended to provide a resting place for the ka (life-force or spirit) of the person after death. The ancient Egyptians believed the ka, along with the physical body, the name, the ba (personality or soul), and the šwt (shadow), made up the five aspects of a person.

## Purpose and use

After death, the ethereal aspects of the soul were believed to be released from the body, free to roam the earth, but required the physical body or a surrogate, such as the ka statue, to return to as a permanent home.
Ka statues could also be set up as a type of memorial for the deceased in absentia; for example in Abydos hundreds were set up to allow the dead to participate in the yearly festivals commemorating the resurrection of Osiris.$^{:162}$
Because the ancient Egyptians believed statues could magically perceive the world, they were ceremonially brought to life by priests in a special ritual called the opening of the mouth ceremony. In the full version of this ceremony, the mouth, eyes, nose, and ears could be touched with ritual implements to give the statue the power of breath, sight, smell, and hearing.$^{:419}$

## Design and construction

ka in hieroglyphs :
Ka statues were usually carved from wood or stone and sometimes painted in the likeness of the owner to reinforce the spiritual connection and preserve the person's memory for eternity. Many ka statues were placed in a purpose-built mortuary chapel, or niche, which could be covered with appropriate inscriptions. Like most ancient Egyptian statuary, ka statues display a rigid frontalism in which the body faces squarely forward in a formal way. Whether seated or standing, their posture reflects the need for the statue to "see" the real world in front of them and conform to an ideal standard of beauty and perfection.
The hieroglyph representing the ka is a pair of upraised arms. It is sometimes depicted on top of the head of the statue to reinforce its intended purpose.
# Vanderbilt University Observatory

Vanderbilt Dyer Observatory was an astronomical observatory at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. The instruments were used for teaching purposes only.

## Directors

* William J. Vaughn

## Telescopes

Equatorial of 8+1⁄2 inches
Transit circle of 5 inches
# Scientific glassblowing

Scientific glassblowing is a specialty field of lampworking used in industry, science, art and design used in research and production. Scientific glassblowing has been used in chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic and physics research including Galileo's thermometer, Thomas Edison's light bulb, and vacuum tubes used in early radio, TV and computers. More recently, the field has helped advance fiber optics, lasers, atomic and subatomic particle research, advanced communications development and semiconductors. The field combined hand skills using lathes and torches with modern computer assisted furnaces, diamond grinding and lapping machines, lasers and ultra-sonic mills.

## Scientific glassblowing schools
### Degree programs

Salem Community College in Carney's Point, New Jersey offers the only degree program in the United States, an Associate in Applied Science, with a focus on the construction of scientific glass apparatus. Students come from throughout the United States and from around the world to develop this specialized skill at Salem Community College.
Alfred University offers a masters program in glass science and a PhD with a blend of theoretical and applied studies similar to degree programs in materials science and engineering.

### Universities offering courses

The following is the list of recognized universities that provide courses in scientific glassblowing:
* University of Alabama
* Arizona State University
* Australian National University
* Grinnell College
* University of Pittsburgh
* Salem Community College
* University of Utah
* Yale University
* University of Oklahoma
* Purdue University
* University of Georgia

## Notable scientific glassblowers

* John Calley (engineer)
* Clarence Madison Dally (killed by X-ray exposure in the course of his work)
* Heinrich Geißler (invented the Geissler tube)
* Jorg Meyer
* Mitsugi Ohno
* Joseph Patrick Slattery (radiography pioneer blew much of his own lab glassware)
* Arthur Compton

## American Scientific Glassblowers Society

The American Scientific Glassblowers Society (ASGS) is an association for scientific glassblowers and provides continuing education programs. The community is relatively small, with approximately 650 members.
# PSYLO-4001

PSYLO-4001 is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor agonist and psychoplastogen which is under development for the treatment of depressive disorders such as major depressive disorder. Its route of administration is unspecified. The drug is being developed by Xylo Bio (formerly known as Psylo). As of January 2025, it is in the preclinical research stage of development. Its chemical structure does not yet appear to have been disclosed.
# New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement

The first New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (NZCPS) was released in 1994 and replaced in 2010. The NZCPS is a requirement under Section 56 of the Resource Management Act 1991.
# Perkins 6.247

The Perkins 6.247 is a diesel engine designed by Perkins Engines in the mid-1970s, intended for light duty commercial vehicles with lower NVH than contemporary offerings. It is a six-cylinder variant of the Perkins 4.165. It was built under licence by Mazda as the ZB. It was fitted to the Australian Ford F100 series light trucks for a short period from the late 1970s to the early 1980s; in the United Kingdom it was installed in the Dodge 50 Series. This engine was later revised and renamed the Mazda T4100 and fitted to the Mazda 3- and 4-tonne trucks.
Bore and stroke are 92.0 mm × 101.6 mm (3.62 in × 4.00 in) for an overall displacement of 4.1 L (4,052 cc; 247.3 cu in). When installed in the Dodge 50, this engine produces 93 hp (69 kW) and 160 lb⋅ft (217 N⋅m).
# Mohamed Surour

Mohamed Surour (Arabic:محمد سرور; born 31 October 1993) is an Emirati footballer who plays as a midfielder.