OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Federation of Mountain Guides Associations

The Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes is the International Federation of Mountain Guides Associations, known alternatively by its French, German and English abbreviations: UIAGM, Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes (French), IVBV, Internationale Vereinigung der Bergführerverbande (German), IFMGA, International Federation of Mountain Guide Associations (English).

## History

In 1965, in Zermatt (Switzerland) representatives of the mountain guides associations from Italy, France, Austria, and Switzerland decided to lay the foundations for an international federation of all mountain guides associations. The first statutes were in 1966.

## Activities

The purposes of the federation are:
* Adjustment of the laws of the mountain guides by promoting standardized professional training as possible, in order to facilitate the practice of the mountain guide occupation abroad. Among other things by issuing a common international document of identification.
* When needed to give an arbitral tribunal, that has an advisory function and serves as mediate in case of points of issue between members and third parties.
* To study problems of general and economic nature affecting the occupation of mountain guides.
* To order to arrange closer comradeship and the exchange of ideas amongst the mountain guides of all nations.
# Thai Entertainment Content Trade Association

The Thai Entertainment Content Trade Association or TECA is an official company representing the recording industries of Thailand. It is also associated with the IFPI.

## Members

* BEC-TERO Entertainment Public Company Limited
* BEC World Public Company Limited
* Sony Music Entertainment Company Operating (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
* Universal Music (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
* Warner Music (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
* Spicy disc Co., Ltd.
* Mew Six Move Co., Ltd. / MUZIK MOVE Co., Ltd.
* What the Duck Company Limited
* KPN Music and Entertainment Co., Ltd.
* Revol Music Creation Co., Ltd
* Hitman Co., Ltd.
# Tactical Technology Collective

Tactical Tech (est. 2003) is an international nongovernmental organization that engages with citizens and civil-society organisations to explore and mitigate the impacts of technology on society. Since 2012, the organisation has been based in Berlin.
Their work has gone through a number of phases since the organisation was founded in 2003, but the core principle has remained constant: they examine how issues arise in different contexts, explore what responses are needed and find strategies and tactics to work with and around them in a sustainable way.
Their work can be most easily categorised by their two main audience groups:
The first is a much broader audience, grown from the increased public awareness and demand for public education around online privacy, security and wellbeing in a data-driven world. Through projects like The Glass Room and the Data Detox Kit, they find creative and accessible formats to demystify technology and give people actionable, sustainable changes to make in their own digital lives.
The second audience group is made up of civil society actors, such as journalists, other NGOs or human rights defenders, with whom they work to create safer, more robust and more informed practices with regard to their use of digital technologies. Projects such as Exposing the Invisible help empower people to use digital investigations to uncover truth or corruption. Similarly, their work on Data and Politics provides a unique contribution to understanding how the misuse of data is impacting negatively on democracies around the world.

## Key projects

* NGO in-a-box (2003–2006)
* Message in-a-box (2008)
* Mobiles in-a-box (2009)
* Ten Tactics (2009–2013)
* Ono Robot series (2010)
* Security in-a-box (2008–2019)
* Me and My Shadow (2011–2018)
* Visualising Information for Advocacy (2013–2018)
* Gender and Technology Institutes (2014–2018)
* Exposing the Invisible (2016–present)
* Holistic Security (2016–2019)
* The Glass Room (2016–present)
* Data Detox Kit (2016–present)
* XYZ (2017–2019)
* Data and Activism (2017–present)
* Data and You (2017–present)
* Data and Politics (2017–present)

## Activities

* Summer Source Camp, open source workshop, held in Croatia (2003)
* NGO in-a-Box (2003)
** NGO-in-a-Box, security edition
** NGO In A Box South Asia
* Africa Source, open source workshop, held in Namibia (2004), Uganda (2006)
* Asia Source, a series of three open source camps held in Bangalore, India (2005), in Sukabumi, Indonesia (2007) and in Silang in the Philippines (2009).
* '10 Tactics for Turning Information into Action', a 50-minute film (2009) that shows "how social justice organizations in the Global South use everything from Google Earth to Facebook in their campaigns."
* The White Room Berlin (2016)
* The Glass Room New York (2016)
* The Glass Room London (2017)
* The Glass Room Community Edition (2017)
* The Glass Room San Francisco (2019)
* Exposing the Invisible: The Kit (2019)
* Youth Project (2020)
# Kahawamys

Kahawamys is an extinct genus of thryonomyoid rodent which existed in Nsungwe Formation, Tanzania during the late Oligocene. It was first named by Nancy J. Stevens, Patricia A. Holroyd, Eric M. Roberts, Patrick M. O'connor and Michael D. Gottfried in 2009 and the type species is Kahawamys mbeyaensis.
# Petrograd Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists

The Petrograd Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists (Russian: Петроградская Комиссия по улучшению быта ученых, abbr. PetroKUBU) was an organisation established by Maxim Gorky to support impoverished scientists in Petrograd.
# Ben Hatke

Ben Hatke (born June 4, 1977) is an American cartoonist and children's book illustrator. He is most well known for his series of middle grade graphic novels Zita the Spacegirl. His work is notable for its focus on strong female characters.

## Biography

Hatke was born in Lafayette, Indiana, and grew up with sisters. His family were members of the Society for Creative Anachronism, and Hatke spent a lot of time outdoors as a child.
One of his early comics influences was Wendy and Richard Pini's Elfquest. Other influences included Bill Watterson, Maurice Sendak, Leonardo da Vinci, Brian Froud, Trina Schart Hyman, Barry Windsor-Smith, and Todd McFarlane.
Hatke earned his B.A. from Christendom College in 2000. While he was in college, he spent a semester in Italy studying Italian Renaissance painting.

## Career

Hatke contributed the story "The Plank" to the anthology Flight vol. 2, published by Image Comics in 2005. His story "The Edge" appeared in Flight #3, published (at that point by Random House) in 2006.
His character Mighty Jack is a contemporary spin on the fairy tale of Jack and the Beanstalk.

### Zita the Spacegirl

According to The Hollywood Reporter, Zita the Spacegirl, "centers on a girl named Zita who embarks on a journey to becoming an intergalactic hero after her friend is abducted by an alien doomsday cult. Along the way, she rides a giant mouse, deals with humanoid chickens as well as robots, and makes friends with a blob-like creature."
According to Hatke, the character was actually created by his wife Anna while she was still in high school. When Hatke and Anna met in college, he began adapting the character into its present incarnation.
He continued developing the character in webcomics and then a short story titled "Zita the Spacegirl: If Wishes Were Socks," in the 2008 Random House anthology Flight Explorer.
Zita the Spacegirl debuted in 2011 with First Second Books. The second and third volumes appeared in 2012 and 2014.
In 2016, it was announced that Fox Animation had picked up the movie rights for the Zita trilogy; the films will be produced by Chernin Entertainment.

## Personal life

Hatke lives in Front Royal, Virginia, with his wife Anna and their five daughters. He is an avid player of role-playing games, as well as a practitioner of archery. He is also a fire-eater and amateur tumbler.
Hatke's daughter Ida died in an accident in 2019, at the age of four.

## Awards

* 2011 Cybils Award — Zita the Spacegirl
* 2016 Eisner Award for Best Publication for Early Readers (up to age 8) — Little Robot
# Aorangia otira

Aorangia otira is a species of Stiphidiidae that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from male and female specimens. The holotype is stored in Canterbury Museum.

## Description

The male is recorded at 3.72mm in length whereas the female is 4.20mm. The carapace is coloured yellowish brown. The legs are pale yellow with dark bands. The abdomen has a dark chevron pattern dorsally.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Canterbury, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size" and "Data Poor: Trend".
# 2013 in Switzerland

Events from 2013 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* Federal Council:
** Doris Leuthard
** Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf
** Ueli Maurer (President)
** Didier Burkhalter
** Johann Schneider-Ammann
** Simonetta Sommaruga
** Alain Berset

## Events

* 2 January – A man opens fire on people in the village of Daillon, Valais, killing 3 and wounding 2.
* 27 February – A man opens fire at a wood-processing plant in Menznau killing 5 people, including the shooter.
* September – By popular referendum approved by 66% of the voters, the canton of Ticino prohibited to hide the face in a public area. it become the first canton in Switzerland to ban it.

## Deaths

* 16 May – Heinrich Rohrer, physicist (born 1933)
# Oceanic Preservation Society

The Oceanic Preservation Society is a California-based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that promotes marine conservation and environmental protection by combating complex global issues such as biodiversity loss, climate change, illegal wildlife trading, deforestation, and unsustainable fishing through documentary, film and media. It was founded in 2005 by Louie Psihoyos and Jim Clark. In 2009, OPS released The Cove, an Academy Award-winning documentary film that describes the annual mass slaughter of dolphins in a national park at Taiji, Wakayama.
The organization's second project, Emmy-nominated documentary, Racing Extinction, focuses on the mass extinction of species, disappearance of coral reefs, and the rise of toxins in the ocean.

## Filmography

* The Cove (2009)
* Racing Extinction (2015)
* The Game Changers (2018)
* You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)
# 2019 in Switzerland

Events in the year 2019 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* President of the Swiss Confederation: Ueli Maurer
* President of the National Council: Marina Carobbio Guscetti
* President of the Swiss Council of States: Jean-René Fournier

## Events

* 22 September — A 'funeral' and mourning ceremony was held for the Pizol glacier which has disappeared due to rising temperatures.
* 20 October – Scheduled date for the 2019 Swiss federal election
* 25 November – present 2019 Sri Lankan Swiss embassy controversy.

### Sports

* 1 January – Stage 3 of 2018–19 Tour de Ski was held in Val Müstair
* 19 to 25 August – Scheduled date for the 2019 BWF World Championships, to be held in Basel
* 7 to 15 December – Scheduled date for the 2019 Women's World Floorball Championships, to be held in Neuchâtel

## Deaths

* 1 January – Pio Corradi [de], photographer (born 1940)
* 4 January – Daniel Lüönd [de], musician (b. 1959).
* 5 January – Beat Junker [de], historian (born 1928)
* 10 January – Daniel Müller [de], politician (born 1928)
* 18 January – Bernhard Böschenstein [de], literary scholar (born 1931)
* 29 January – Otto Schubiger, ice hockey player (born 1925)
* 15 February – Bruno Ganz, actor (Wings of Desire, Downfall, The Manchurian Candidate) (born 1941)
* 20 April – Karl Grob, footballer (born 1946)
# 1994 in Switzerland

Events in the year 1994 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* Federal Council:
** Otto Stich (President)
** Jean-Pascal Delamuraz
** Kaspar Villiger
** Arnold Koller
** Flavio Cotti
** Ruth Dreifuss
** Adolf Ogi

## Events

* 4–5 October – 53 members of the cult, Order of the Solar Temple, commit mass suicide in Switzerland and Canada.
* International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 signed.
* FC Breitenrain Bern established.

## Births

* 5 January – Jolanda Neff, cyclist
* 7 January – Phoebe Stänz, ice hockey player
* 17 January – Tom Bohli, cyclist
* 26 January – Salim Khelifi, footballer
* 7 February – Nina Christen, sports shooter
* 6 March – Armin Alesevic, footballer
* 14 March – Leonardo Bertone, footballer
* 24 March – Giulia Steingruber, artistic gymnast
* 27 March – Birama Ndoye, footballer
* 15 May – Lara Stalder, ice hockey player
* 31 July – Florent Hadergjonaj, footballer
* 7 August – Jérémy Desplanches, swimmer
* 28 September – Corinne Suter, alpine skier
* 8 October – Luca Hänni, singer and winner of season 9 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar
* 13 December – Livia Altmann, ice hockey player
* Zoé Metthez, model and beauty pageant titleholder

## Deaths

* 10 March – Roger Bocquet, footballer (born 1921)
* 25 March – Max Petitpierre, politician (born 1899)
* 15 September – Ernst Fuchs, cyclist (born 1936)
# 1999 in Switzerland

Events during the year 1999 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* Federal Council:
** Ruth Dreifuss (president)
** Flavio Cotti
** Arnold Koller
** Pascal Couchepin
** Kaspar Villiger
** Adolf Ogi
** Moritz Leuenberger

## Events

* The Sierre Tunnel opens in the canton of Valais.

## Births

* 21 April – Géraldine Reuteler, association footballer
* 9 July – Camille Rast, alpine skier
* 3 August – Nemo, rapper

### Full date missing

* Tino Polsini, orienteering competitor

## Deaths

* 4 March – Fritz Honegger, politician (born 1917)
# 1980 in Switzerland

Events during the year 1980 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* Federal Council:
** Georges-André Chevallaz (president)
** Leon Schlumpf
** Pierre Aubert
** Fritz Honegger
** Kurt Furgler
** Hans Hürlimann
** Willi Ritschard

## Births

* 30 September – Martina Hingis, tennis player

## Deaths

* 7 February – Rudolf Bosshard, rower (born 1890)
* 22 February
** Enrico Celio, politician (born 1889)
** Oskar Kokoschka, artist (born 1886 in Austria)
# Minzu railway station (Taiwan)

Minzu railway station (Chinese: 民族車站; pinyin: Mínzú Chēzhàn, "ethnic group") is a railway station located in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is located on the Pingtung line and is operated by the Taiwan Railways Administration. It is served by all local trains. It will be a future transfer station with the Yellow line of the Kaohsiung Metro.
# 1955 in Switzerland

Events during the year 1955 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* Federal Council:
** Max Petitpierre (president)
** Philipp Etter
** Markus Feldmann
** Paul Chaudet
** Thomas Holenstein
** Giuseppe Lepori
** Hans Streuli

## Events

* 14-16 February – Four Romanian émigrés seize the Romanian embassy in Bern and kill a chauffeur in protest of Romania's communist government.

## Births

* 11 September – Laurence Fehlmann Rielle, politician

## Deaths

* 30 June – Félix Bédouret, footballer (born 1897)
* 23 August – Rudolf Minger, politician (born 1881)
# 1958 in Switzerland

Events during the year 1958 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* Federal Council:
** Thomas Holenstein (president)
** Paul Chaudet
** Philipp Etter
** Max Petitpierre
** Hans Streuli
** Giuseppe Lepori
** Markus Feldmann (until November), then Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (from December)

## Events

* 12 July – The Swiss government announces its intention to acquire or create nuclear weapons.
* The second Swiss Exhibition for Women's Work takes place in Zürich.

## Deaths

* 11 April – Marcel Pilet-Golaz, politician (died 1889)
* 3 November – Markus Feldmann, politician (born 1897)
# Sigma Sport

Sigma Sport is a German manufacturer of electronic sports equipment.

## Products

Rox and Topline product lines of heart rate monitors, altimeters, and bike computers.
# Josef Korčák

Josef Korčák (17 December 1921 – 5 October 2008) was a Czech politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Czech Socialist Republic from 1970 to 1987. He was the longest-serving Czech Prime Minister.

## Biography

He was born in Holštejn. He became a metal-turner. He worked in the Brno armory from 1937 to 1948. In 1948, he became active in politics.
He became Prime Minister in 1970 when he replaced Josef Kempný. He remained in this position until 1987, when Ladislav Adamec replaced hm. Kočák was excluded from KSČ in 1990. He died in 2008.
# Llandyrnog

Llandyrnog is a large village and community in Denbighshire, Wales lying in the valley of the River Clwyd, about 3 miles (4.8 km) from Denbigh and 5 miles (8.0 km) from Ruthin. The village has good road links to Denbigh and the main A541 road at Bodfari, and is served by buses number 76 and 53. The village contains the Church of St. Tyrnog's is a Grade II* listed building, and has a notable creamery on the outskirts and former hospital. The community includes the settlements of Waen, Ffordd-las and Llangwyfan.

## Landmarks

The Church of St. Tyrnog's, a small Welsh-language chapel, is a Grade II* listed building in the village. The church was first mentioned in 1254, though the current building dates to the late 15th century. The church was extensively studied by Glynne in 1847 and Lloyd-Williams and Underwood in 1872 before being renovated in 1876–8 by W E Nesfield.
The area is home to the Kinmel Arms, The White Horse and the Golden Lion public houses. The Golden Lion is the spiritual home of Llandyrnog United football club. The club was founded here in 1975 and has a Golden Lion on the club crest, they play their home games at Cae Nant. In the heart of the village there is a small butchers' shop and a general store which includes a post office. Llandyrnog also has a small primary school, Ysgol Bryn Clwyd, which teaches through the medium of English. 1 mile (1.6 km) away at Llangwyfan is what was Colwyn Bay/Abergele Sanatorium. It became Abergele Chest Hospital in 1955 and went on to become centre for ophthalmology in April 2012.
The main employer is the ACC Llandyrnog Creamery on the outskirts of the village, which mostly produces hard pressed and cheddar cheese. The creamery's chief investor since 2014 has been Arla Foods.

## Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists. This stretches both north and south of Llandyrnog. It had a total population of 2,156 at the 2011 census.

## Notable people

* William Roberts: according to local tradition he was born at Plas Bennett, in the parish of Llandyrnog, Denbighshire, and belonged to the Roberts family that long resided there. He died at the rectory of Llandyrnog, and was buried in the chancel of that church.
* Hafina Clwyd, journalist; raised on a farm at Llandyrnog.
* Gwen ferch Ellis: The earliest person convicted and executed for witchcraft in Wales.
* Sharleen Spiteri, lead singer of Texas and celebrity chef Bryn Williams married at St Tynon's church in 2018.
# Catharine Brant

Catharine Brant (c.1759–1837), also known as Ahdohwahgeseon, was a clan mother of the Mohawk nation. She was the third wife of Joseph Brant and an important leader among the Six Nations of the Grand River.

## Family background

Catharine was the daughter of George Croghan, a deputy agent in the British Indian Department. On her mother's side, Catharine came from a noble Mohawk family. In the matrilineal society of the Haudenosaunee, this made Catharine a Yakoyaner (Clan Mother), and gave her the right to nominate the Tekarihogen, the most important civil chief of the Mohawk.

## Removal to Canada

During the American Revolutionary War, many Mohawks sought refuge at the British post of Niagara to escape U.S. destruction of Haudenosaunee villages. It was at Niagara that Catharine married Joseph Brant sometime during the winter of 1779–1780. Following the British defeat in the war, Catharine and Joseph Brant relocated with many other Indigenous families to a new homeland on the Grand River in the Province of Quebec.
In 1795, Joseph Brant received a grant of 700 acres at Burlington Beach, where he relocated with his family sometime around 1802. Here the Brants lived in a mansion staffed by numerous slaves, many of whom had been taken as prisoners during the American Revolution. In all, Joseph Brant owned some 40 enslaved persons, making the Brant family one of the most substantial slaveholders in Canadian history.
Joseph Brant died at his Burlington Bay home in 1807.

## Later life

After Joseph's death, Catharine returned to the Grand River where she continued to be an important leader. In 1828, she appointed her son John Brant to the position of Tekarihogen. After John died in the cholera epidemic of 1832, Catharine nominated her grandson, Walter Kerr, who was the son of her daughter Elizabeth Brant and William Johnson Kerr.
Catharine died on the Grand River in 1837. Until the end of her life, she was an influential leader among the Six Nations and a staunch advocate for the maintenance of their longstanding traditions in the midst of settler society.
# Center for Excellence in Higher Education

The Center for Excellence in Higher Education (CEHE) is a Utah-based nonprofit, 501(c)(3) corporation that owned and managed Independence University, CollegeAmerica, Stevens-Henager College, and California College San Diego before their abrupt closings in August 2021. The company was a nonprofit organization. CEHE's colleges were accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges (ACCSC). The colleges were placed on probation in September 2018 due to ACCSC's concerns that "the inputs, resources, and processes of CEHE schools are designed and implemented in a manner that is not designed for student success." CEHE was also the lender to National American University.

## History

The Center for Excellence in Education (CEHE) was founded by a group of academics and businessmen in 2007. In 2020, CEHE was fined $3 million by the State of Colorado for violation of the Colorado Consumer Protection Act. In August 2021, this decision was reversed, in part, and the State of Colorado refunded the $3 million to CEHE in November 2021. By early August 2021 all CEHE campuses were closed. In 2022, CEHE filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Education, in which CEHE is pursuing three claims with damages in excess of $100 million.

## Philosophy

The Center for Excellence in Higher Education supported free-market ideas in higher education. Its stated purpose was "to educate the public about the state of higher education in America and help donors promote excellence in higher education through philanthropy". CEHE had as an area of particular focus of ensuring that gifts to universities and colleges were used in accordance with the intent of the donors. It also supported efforts directed at the structural reform of higher education. It received its initial funding from the Marcus Foundation, the John Templeton Foundation, and the John William Pope Foundation.
# Odo of Lucca

Odo or Otto, bishop of Lucca (Otto Lucensis), the bishop of Lucca from 1137, was an early patron of Peter Lombard, responsible, as a letter of Bernard of Clairvaux makes clear, for sending Peter to the schools of Paris.
Odo had spent several formative years studying in cathedral schools in the north of France. He had been impressed by the systemizing of theology expressed in the teachings of Anselm of Laon and Hugh of St Victor; his own systematic compilation along the lines of their work, Summa Sententiarum, left incomplete c1138, has survived in about twenty-five manuscripts, eight of which explicitly recognize Odo's authorship: it formed the basis of Peter's compilation.