# Federal districts of Russia

The federal districts (Russian: федеральные округа, IPA:) are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts consist of a group of regions with various autonomy levels as per constitution, but the districts themselves are not mentioned by the constitution and are not autonomous, do not have administrative competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure federal management of the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions. The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000.

## List of federal districts

| Federal district | Federal district | Date established | Area (km$^2$) | 2021 census | 2021 census | HDI (2021) | GRDP (2022) | GRDP (2022) | Federal subjects | Administrative centre | Map |
| Federal district | Federal district | Date established | Area (km$^2$) | Population | per km$^2$ | HDI (2021) | Total | Per capita | Federal subjects | Administrative centre | Map |
| | North Caucasian | 19 January 2010 | 170,400 | 10,171,000 | 60 | 0.793 | ₽3.111 trillion ($45 billion) | ₽305,334 ($4458) | 7 | Pyatigorsk | |
| | Southern | 13 May 2000 | 427,800 | 16,746,000 | 39 | 0.799 | ₽9.816 trillion ($143 billion) | ₽588,461 ($8593) | 8 | Rostov-on-Don | |
| | Central | 13 May 2000 | 650,200 | 40,342,000 | 62 | 0.845 | ₽47.368 trillion ($692 billion) | ₽1,176,273 ($17176) | 18 | Moscow | |
| | Northwestern | 13 May 2000 | 1,687,000 | 13,917,000 | 8 | 0.833 | ₽18.929 trillion ($276 billion) | ₽1,362,907 ($19901) | 11 | Saint Petersburg | |
| | Volga | 13 May 2000 | 1,037,000 | 28,943,000 | 28 | 0.804 | ₽19.664 trillion ($287 billion) | ₽683,355 ($9978) | 14 | Nizhny Novgorod | |
| | Ural | 13 May 2000 | 1,818,500 | 12,301,000 | 7 | 0.839 | ₽20.073 trillion ($293 billion) | ₽1,635,678 ($23884) | 6 | Yekaterinburg | |
| | Siberian | 13 May 2000 | 4,361,800 | 16,793,000 | 4 | 0.794 | ₽13.054 trillion ($191 billion) | ₽781,580 ($11412) | 10 | Novosibirsk | |
| | Far Eastern | 13 May 2000 | 6,952,600 | 7,976,000 | 1 | 0.808 | ₽8.656 trillion ($126 billion) | ₽1,090,778 ($15927) | 11 | Vladivostok | |
Source:
* ↑ Includes the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, annexed by Russia in 2014, as well as Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhia oblasts annexed in 2022; recognized as parts of Ukraine by most of the international community.
* ↑ Population figures from the Crimean Census in 2014. Crimea was annexed by Russia in 2014, after the 2010 Russian Census.

## History

The federal districts of Russia were established by a decree issued by President Vladimir Putin on 13 May 2000 to facilitate the federal government's control of the then 89 federal subjects across the country.
On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District.
In March 2014, after the annexation of Crimea, the Crimean Federal District was established. The legality of this annexation is disputed by an overwhelming majority of countries. On 28 July 2016 the Crimean Federal District was abolished and merged into the Southern Federal District in order to improve governance.
In November 2018, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai were moved from the Siberian Federal District to the Far Eastern Federal District in accordance with a decree issued by Putin. The Administrative Centre of the Far Eastern Federal District relocated from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok in December 2018.

## Presidential plenipotentiary envoys

* Central Federal District
** Igor Shchyogolev (since 26 June 2018)
* Southern Federal District
** Vladimir Ustinov (since 12 May 2008)
* Northwestern Federal District
** Aleksandr Gutsan (since 7 November 2018)
* Far Eastern Federal District
** Yury Trutnev (since 31 August 2013)
* Siberian Federal District
** Anatoly Seryshev (since 12 October 2021)
* Ural Federal District
** Vladimir Yakushev (since 9 November 2020)
* Volga Federal District
** Igor Komarov (since 7 September 2018)
* North Caucasian Federal District
** Yury Chaika (since 22 January 2020)