OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dame d'atours

Dame d'atour (French pronunciation: ) was an office at the royal court of France. It existed in nearly all French courts from the 16th-century onward. The dame d'honneur was selected from the members of the highest French nobility. They were ranked between the Première dame d'honneur and the Dame du Palais.

## History

At least from Isabeau of Bavaria's tenure as queen, there had been a post named demoiselle d'atour or femme d'atour, but this had originally been the title of the queen's chambermaids and shared by several people.
The office of dame d'atour, created in 1534, was one of the highest-ranking offices among the ladies-in-waiting of the queen and given only to members of the nobility.
The dame d'atour was responsible for the queen's wardrobe and jewelry and supervised the dressing of the queen and the chamber staff of femme du chambre.
When the dame d'honneur was absent, she was replaced by the dame d'atour as the supervisor of the female personnel of the queen.

## List of dames d'atour to the queens and empresses of France
### Catherine de' Medici, 1547–1589

* 1547–1549 : Marie-Catherine Gondi
* 1549–1552 : Jacqueline de l'Hospital Dame d'Aisnay
* 1552–1559 : Madeleine Buonaiuti, Madame Alamanni, Mme de Gondi

### Mary, Queen of Scots, 1559–1561

* 1559–1561: Guyonne de Breüil

### Élisabeth d'Autriche, 1570–1575

* 1570–1574: Marguerite de La Marck-Arenberg

### Louise of Lorraine, 1575–1601

* 1575–1590: Louise de la Béraudière

### Marie de' Medici, 1600–1632

* 1600–1617: Leonora Dori
* 1617–1619: Vacant
* 1619–1625: Nicole du Plessis de Mailly, marquise de Brezé
* 1625–1631: Duchesse d'Aiguillon

### Anne of Austria, 1615–1666

* 1615–1619: Luisa de Osorio (jointly with de Vernet)
* 1615–1626: Antoinette d'Albert de Luynes, Dame de Vernet (jointly with de Osorio)
* 1626–1626: Marie-Catherine de Senecey
* 1626–1630: Madeleine du Fargis
* 1630–1657: Catherine le Voyer de Lignerolles, Baronne du Bellay, Dame de la Flotte
** 1637–1639: Marie de Hautefort, 'Madame de Hautefort' (deputy dame d'atour, first term)
** 1643–1644: Marie de Hautefort, duchesse de Schomberg (second term as deputy)
* 1657–1666: Louise Boyer, duchesse de Noailles

### Maria Theresa of Spain, 1660–1683

* 1660–1683: Anne Marie de Beauvilliers, Countess of Bethune

### Marie Leszczyńska, 1725–1768

* 1725–1731: Anne-Marie-Francoise de Sainte-Hermine, comtesse de Mailly
* 1731–1742: Francoise de Mailly, duchesse de Mazarin
* 1742–1768: Amable-Gabrielle de Noailles, duchesse de Villars

### Marie Antoinette, 1770–1791

* 1770–1771: Amable-Gabrielle de Villars
* 1771–1775: Adelaide-Diane-Hortense Mancini-Mazarin, duchesse de Cossé
* 1775–1775: Laure-Auguste de Fitz-James, Princess de Chimay
* 1775–1781: Marie-Jeanne de Talleyrand-Périgord, duchesse de Mailly
* 1781–1791: Geneviève de Gramont, comtesse d'Ossun

### Joséphine de Beauharnais, 1804–1809

* 1804–1809: Émilie de Beauharnais

### Marie Louise, 1810–1814

* 1810–1814: Jeanne Charlotte du Luçay
# Eugénie Olson

Eugénie Seifer Olson is an American-born author of three books. Raised in Verona, New Jersey, Eugénie has lived in several locations on the Eastern Seaboard including Princeton, Philadelphia and Boston. She currently lives in Somerville, Massachusetts, with her husband David, their two cats, Kiddun and Loki, and their fish, Lulu.
Eugénie's first book, Babe in Toyland released in March 2004 from Avon, follows Toby Morris, a twenty-five-year-old working in a toy company who falls for her handsome weatherman, J.P. Cody. Her second, The Pajama Game, was released a year later in March, 2005 (Avon). The Pajama Game is a story about Moxie Brecker, an ex-science teacher gone lingerie store employee who is bored with her job and just about everything else. Moxie deals with an attractive repeat customer, disappointment, and depression, although the story remains humorous and enjoyable. Her third and most recent book, Love in the Time of Tafetta (Avon, March 2006) is about Iley Gilbert, a struggling photographer, and her encounter with her married boss, William.
# Barcinek, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Barcinek (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kamienica, within Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Stara Kamienica, 11 km (7 mi) west of Jelenia Góra, and 103 km (64 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
Berthelsdorf palace was built in 1772 by Count von Rothkirch on the site of an earlier foundation from the 16th century. This is evidenced by the stone arcade of the gate preserved in the wall surrounding the complex, dated 1565. During the reconstruction around 1890, a tower was added on the northern side. Until 1945, it was owned by the von Wartenberg family.
After the expulsion of the German inhabitants, the palace was to be the summer residence of the President of the Republic of Poland, but eventually it was handed over to the local state farm. Not used since the 1980s, it fell into disrepair.
# Forever My Lady

Forever My Lady is the debut studio album by American R&B quartet Jodeci, released May 28, 1991, by Uptown Records and MCA Records.

## Background

The album's production and composition was largely attributed to DeVante Swing, who worked alongside Grammy-nominated producer Al B. Sure! to craft the album's sound. The recording sessions took place at various recording studios during 1990 to 1991, and were relentlessly worked upon in order to shift the consensus with R&B music. The duo worked to add more of a hip-hop sound to the album, incorporating synthesizer-heavy rhythm tracks to complement the alternating themes discussed throughout the album, ranging from passionate and elegant songs about love, to energetic and swaggering songs centered around sex and partying. The group's emotionally transparent lyrics are delivered in both rapped and sung verses, help to explore the feelings of love and seduction.

## Release and reception

The album received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics, who complimented the group's innovative nature when approaching the album, as well as its thematic choices and the production from Swing. Following an anticipated release, it debuted at number one on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart in its first week, and peaked at eighteen on the Billboard 200. Three of the album's singles charted on the Billboard Hot 100, including the top-15 hit "Come and Talk to Me". Forever My Lady was certified multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and, as of August 1995, has sold over three million copies in the US and over eight million copies worldwide.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | A− |
| Los Angeles Times | |
Arion Berger of Entertainment Weekly gave the effort a good review, calling the work "sophisticated beyond the band members' years" and noting that "if they can keep up the momentum of this commercially successful debut (which has already gone Top 40 on the Billboard pop album chart), Jodeci will be a force to be reckoned with." Los Angeles Times critic Dennis Hunt was less impressed, writing that "the singing is so-so but the production is outstanding."

## Track listing

All tracks are somewhat produced by DeVante Swing, except where noted.

## Personnel

* Art Direction – Reiner Design Consultants
* Assistant Engineering – Ellen Fitton, Michael Gilbert, Marnie Riley, Jay A. Ryan
* Engineering – Paul Logus, Dennis Mitchell, Mark Partis
* Mastering – Herb Powers
* Writer - Al B. Sure!
* Mixing – Al B. Sure!, Mick Guzauski
* Multi-Instruments – DeVante Swing
* Production Coordination – Eloise Bryan
* Programming – Al B. Sure!, Dalvin DeGrate, DeVante Swing

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum | 3,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Housatonic River Railroad Bridge

The Housatonic River Railroad Bridge is a historic bridge carrying Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line trackage across the lower Housatonic River in the U.S. state of Connecticut. The bridge is also used by Amtrak for its Northeast Corridor services. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, which also refers to the bridge as the Devon Bridge. It is also referred to as the Devon Railroad Bridge by the state Department of Environmental Protection.
It is a "Scherzer Rolling Lift Bascule"-type bascule bridge. It has a steel superstructure and block stone piers. The moveable span is a Warren through truss span.

## History

The current bridge is the fourth railroad span in the same location, originally known as Naugatuck Junction. The original bridge was the first railroad bridge over the Housatonic river, built by the New York and New Haven Railroad, and was a single-track wooden covered Howe truss, 1,293 feet (394 m) in length and a draw of 134 feet (41 m), built in 1848. It was the longest covered bridge ever built in the state of Connecticut. The second bridge was a double-track cast iron Whipple truss, 1,091 feet (333 m) in length and a draw of 206 feet (63 m), built in 1872 by the Keystone Bridge Company for the New York and New Haven Railroad. The third bridge was a double-track wrought iron Pratt truss, 1,091 feet (333 m) in length and a draw of 206 feet (63 m), built in 1884 by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The current bridge, a four-track steel with Warren through truss spans, Scherzer Bascule bridge, 1,072 feet (327 m) in length and a draw of 110 feet (34 m), was completed in 1906 by the American Bridge Company for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. Its completion finished the quadruple-tracking of the New Haven mainline from Woodlawn Junction to New Haven.
Repairs were planned for six months starting April 25, 2015.

### Replacement

Amtrak was awarded up to $246 million in Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act funds in November 2023 for design of a replacement for the span. Amtrak will contribute an additional $16 million, while the state of Connecticut will provide $45 million. Up to an additional $119 million was awarded for interim repairs to the bridge. The replacement bridge is being designed for a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h), up from the current 40 mph (64 km/h) limit on the existing bridge.
# Kasthuripatti

Kasthuripatti is a village in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on the state highway connecting the district headquarters, Namakkal with Thuraiyur, one of the other major towns of the neighboring district Thiruchirappalli.

## Location

Kasthuripatti is located with the geographic coordinates of (11°08′30″N 78°19′56″E﻿ / ﻿11.1418°N 78.3323°E﻿ / 11.1418; 78.3323) near Varagur.

## Details

* This village serves as the eastern border of Namakkal district. The adjacent district is Thiruchirappalli.
* It is the birthplace of Cinema director Babu Yogeswaran. He has directed the film Daas.
* The southern part of Kolli Hills is located at a distance of just 5 km from this village.
* This place having the pincode of 637021 as under Varagur S.O
* The temple of Ambayiramman is located just 1 km away. This temple figures in the opening of the title card of the Tamil film Bama Vijayam.
* Varagur is the native place of cinema director M. Saravanan. He is the director of the film Engaeyum Eppothum.
# Carlota Sosa

Carlota Sosa Pietri (born 21 February 1957) is a Spanish-born Venezuelan actress known for her participation in various RCTV and Venevisión telenovelas. She is currently married to fellow actor Rafael Romero.

## Filmography

Film roles :
| Year | Title | Roles |
| 2016 | Tamara | Professor Avelino |
Television :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 1980 | 1810 | debut |
| 1981 | La Cenicienta | Emperatriz |
| 1982 | Pecado de una madre | |
| 1984 | La mujer sin rostro | |
| 1984 | La Dueña | Maria Consuelo |
| 1986 | La dama de rosa | Amparo |
| 1987 | Primavera | |
| 1989 | Rubí rebelde | Carmela |
| 1990 | Gardenia | Yolanda Urbaneja |
| 1996 | Volver a Vivir | Miranda Kowalski |
| 1998 | Aunque me Cueste la Vida | Blanca |
| 2000 | Amantes de Luna Llena | Renata Cardenas |
| 2002 | Lejana como el viento | Mercedes |
| 2003 | Engañada | Flavia Rengifo de Valderrama |
| 2005 | Amantes | Eugenia Sarmiento |
| 2006 | Ciudad Bendita | Julia Barrios de Venturini |
| 2008 | ¿Vieja Yo? | Josefina Garcia Bellini |
| 2009 | Un Esposo para Estela | Ricarda Roldan de Noriega |
| 2011 | Los pájaros se van con la muerte | The Mother |
| 2012 | Válgame Dios | Marbelis Rodríguez de Castillo |
| 2016 | Entre tu amor y mi amor | Reina Caicedo de Monserrat |
# Committed step

In biochemistry, the committed step (also known as the first committed step) is an effectively irreversible, enzyme-catalyzed reaction that occurs at a branch point during the biosynthesis of some molecules. As the name implies, after this step, the molecules are "committed" to the pathway and will ultimately end up in the pathway's final product. The first committed step should not be confused with the rate-limiting step, which is the step with the highest flux control coefficient. It is rare that the first committed step is in fact the rate-determining step.

## Regulation

Metabolic pathways require tight regulation, so that the proper compounds get produced in the proper amounts at the proper time. Often, the first committed step is regulated by processes such as feedback inhibition and activation. Such regulation ensures that pathway intermediates do not accumulate, a situation that can be wasteful or even harmful to the cell.

## Examples of enzymes that catalyze the first committed steps of metabolic pathways

* Phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis.
* LpxC catalyzes the first committed step of lipid A biosynthesis.
* 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase catalyzes the first committed step in plant biotin synthesis.
* MurA catalyzes the first committed step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
* Aspartate transcarbamoylase catalyzes the committed step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in E. coli.
* 3-deoxy-D-arabinose-heptulsonate 7-phosphate synthase catalyses the first committed step of the shikimate pathway responsible for the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids Tyrosine, Tryptophan and Phenylalanine in plants, bacteria, fungi and some lower eukaryotes.
* Citrate synthase catalyzes the addition of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate and is the first committed step of the Citric Acid Cycle.
* Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in the first committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis.
* Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of G6P into 6-phosphogluconolactone to produce NADPH in the first and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway.

## Other uses

The term has also been applied to other processes that involve a series of steps. For example, the binding of egg and sperm can be thought of as the first committed step in metazoan fertilization.
# Don Vosberg

Donald Theodore Vosberg (October 3, 1919 – June 21, 1997) was an American football player in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the seventh round of the 1941 NFL draft by the New York Giants and played that season with the team.
# Bea Millan-Windorski

Beatrice “Bea” Millan-Windorski is an American beauty pageant titleholder crowned Miss Earth USA 2024. She represented the United States at the Miss Earth 2024, where she was crowned as Miss Earth Water 2024.

## Background

Millan-Windorski's maternal grandparents Dr. Alfredo C. Millan and Marcela B. Millan, immigrated to the United States from the Philippines. Her paternal grandfather’s family immigrated from Poland and her maternal grandmother’s family immigrated from Germany during the late nineteenth century.
She went to Whitefish Bay High School where she was a member of the varsity dance team, string orchestra, and the debate team. She studied ballet at the Milwaukee Ballet School and studied cello at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music. She attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison and received bachelor’s degrees in History and International Relations. She was a member Kappa Alpha Theta (Psi chapter). She has conducted research and written articles on US-ASEAN relations.
She recently completed a fellowship with the Philippine Embassy and an internship at the East-West Center in Washington, D.C.

## Pageantry
### Miss Earth USA 2024

Millan-Windorski represented Wisconsin at the national pageant held in Orlando, Florida, and won the title on December 31, 2023. She became the first Filipino-American to hold the national title.

### Miss Earth 2024

Millan-Windorski represented the United States at Miss Earth 2024 pageant where she placed Miss Earth – Water 2024.
# Antanas Karosas

Antanas Karosas (27 February 1856 – 6 July 1947) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Sejny from 1910 to 1926 and of the Diocese of Vilkaviškis from its establishment in 1926 until his death in 1947.

## Biography
### Early life and career

Karosas was born in 1856 in Vėjeliškiai to Jonas Karonas and Marijona Miškeliūnaitė-Karosienė. After attending a gymnasium in Šiauliai, he attended the seminary in Kaunas from 1876 to 1879. He later attended the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy from 1879 until 1883, from which he received a magister degree in theology. He was ordained a priest on 6 June 1883. In fall 1883, he was invited to teach canon law and the Latin language at the seminary in Kaunas. Beginning in 1884, he began to teach homiletics and the Lithuanian language at the same seminary. He also served as secretary to Mečislovas Leonardas Paliulionis beginning in 1885, where he managed relations with Russian officials.
On 9 April 1898, Karosas was appointed a canon capitular of the Diocese of Samogitia. He was appointed rector of the seminary at Kaunas on 27 October 1900; serving until 1907. On 8 November 1906, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Lutsk-Zhytomyr and titular bishop of Dorylaeum; he was consecrated on 16 June 1907 in St. Petersburg by Mečislovas Leonardas Paliulionis and co-consecrated by Karol Antoni Niedziałkowski and Kasper Felicjan Cyrtowt.

### Bishop of Sejny

On 7 April 1910, Karosas was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Sejny; he assumed control of the diocese on 29 July 1910. During his time as bishop of Sejny, he worked to improve the catechization of children and religious education. He also established a Lithuanian seminary in Sejny in 1918, which displeased the Poles that lived there. After the Sejny Uprising in 1919, Karosas and other Lithuanian clerics were expelled from the town; he stayed at a rectory at Puńsk for some time and in 1920 moved to Marijampolė, where he resided at a Marian monastery.

### Bishop of Vilkaviškis

On 5 April 1926, Karosas was appointed the first bishop of the Diocese of Vilkaviškis; during his tenure, he established a diocesan curia, remodeled its cathedral and established a seminary in 1930. He was appointed assistant to the papal throne on 14 September 1932. In 1933, he was appointed Prelate of Honour of His Holiness and Roman count, after the 50th anniversary of his ordination. During World War II, he lived in Vilkaviškis during the Soviet and German occupations of Lithuania, moving to Šunskai in 1944 and back to Marijampolė in 1946. He died on 7 July 1947 in Marijampolė and was buried at the cathedral located there.
# Waynesboro Area School District

The Waynesboro Area School District is a midsized, suburban public school district located in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. It encompasses the boroughs of Waynesboro and Mont Alto, as well as all of Washington Township and Quincy Township, and a portion of Guilford Township. Waynesboro Area School District encompasses approximately 93 square miles (240 km$^2$). According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 28,376. By 2010, the district's population increased to 32,386 people. In 2009, the district residents' per capita income was $18,503, while the median family income was $46,584. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.
The district operates four elementary schools: Fairview Avenue Elementary School, Hooverville Elementary School, Mowery Elementary School, and Summitview Elementary School. It also operates: Waynesboro Area Middle School, and Waynesboro Area Senior High School. High school students may choose to attend Franklin County Career and Technology Center for training in the construction and mechanical trades.
Waynesboro Area School District is served by the Lincoln Intermediate Unit IU12 which offers a variety of services, including assistance in developing K–12 curriculum that is mapped and aligned with the Pennsylvania Academic Standards, shared services, a group purchasing program and a wide variety of special education and special needs services. Students may choose to attend Franklin Virtual Academy which is an online education program operated by a cooperative agreement of local Franklin County public school districts.

## Sports

The district funds:

### Middle school sports

According to PIAA directory July 2013
# Lee Jae-won (singer)

Lee Jae-won (Korean: 이재원; Hanja: 李在元; born 5 April 1980) is a South Korean DJ and singer. He is the former member of Korean groups H.O.T. and jtL.

## Career
### Solo

In 2005, Lee released his first solo album, No Pain, No Gain. The album received disappointing sales. In 2007, he released his second album, Lee Jae Won Vol. 1.5. A part of the single "I'm So Hot" samples a rhythm from Mariah Carey's It's Like That. Again the album received disappointing sales. In 2008, he was accused of rape and arrested. The charges were dropped 3 hours later, but because of the event, he was unable to release his next album. In 2012, Jae Won released his new album in Chinese language titled It's the Time. It's received a positive response from fans in China. During his comeback performance, it was speculated that he planned to bring back the H.O.T. group to make a new album.

### Military service

In 2009, Lee enlisted for his compulsory military service, where he served for 22 months at the Ministry of National Defense in Yongsan-gu, Seoul. He was discharged on 7 March 2011 to an H.O.T. Reunion.

## Personal life

On 10 January 2015, Lee's representatives announced that the singer was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in April of the previous year.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR (RIAK) | Sales |
| No Pain No Gain | Released: 4 April 2005 Label: iPim Entertainment Format: CD, cassette | 4 | KOR: 26,519 |
| Jaewon | Released: 7 May 2007 Label: iPim Entertainment Format: CD | 9 | KOR: 6,495 |

## Filmography
### Television series

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2014 | My Spring Days | Park Hyung-woo |
# Chen Weiming (sculptor)

Chen Weiming (Chinese: 陳維明, born c. 1970) is a Chinese-born New Zealand artist and sculptor. Chen was commissioned by the New Zealand government to create a 3-metre bronze statue of Edmund Hillary in 1991. In 2008, he created a 6.4 metres high replica of the Goddess of Democracy that stood in the Chinese University of Hong Kong until 23 December 2021. In June 2021 and June 2022, Chen unveiled a pair of 30-foot-high sculptures at Yermo's open-air High Desert art centre called Liberty Sculpture Park. Chen created a large-scale relief representation of the Tiananmen massacre in 2009, on the 20th anniversary of the massacre. The Tiananmen massacre relief and the Goddess of Democracy replica were both displayed in Hong Kong during protests in 2010.
Chen was born in Hangzhou, China, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1988. He holds a New Zealand passport as well as permanent residence in the United States, and lives in both countries.
In 2011, Chen traveled to Syria to fight alongside Free Syrian Army rebels fighting in the Syrian uprising.