# Damn Yankees

Damn Yankees is a 1955 musical comedy with a book by George Abbott and Douglass Wallop, music and lyrics by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross. The story is a modern retelling of the Faust legend set during the 1950s in Washington, D.C., during a time when the New York Yankees dominated Major League Baseball. It is based on Wallop's 1954 novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant.
The show ran for 1,019 performances in its original Broadway production. Adler and Ross's success with it and The Pajama Game seemed to point to a bright future for them, but Ross suddenly died of chronic bronchiectasis at age 29, several months after Damn Yankees opened.

## Plot

Note: The plot used for this article is that of the 1994 Broadway revival of the show, which does differ from the original 1955 version. For the 1958 film version, which is closer to that original version, see Damn Yankees (film).
Middle-aged real estate agent Joe Boyd is a long-suffering fan of the pathetic Washington Senators baseball team. His wife, Meg, laments this ("Six Months Out Of Every Year"). After she has gone to bed, he sits up late, grumbling that if the Senators just had a "long ball hitter" they could beat "those damn Yankees". Suddenly, the smooth-talking Mr. Applegate appears. He offers Joe the chance to become "Joe Hardy", the young slugger the Senators need. He accepts, even though he must leave Meg ("Goodbye Old Girl"). However, his business sense makes him insist on an escape clause. The Senators' last game is on September 25, and if he plays in it, he is to stay as Joe Hardy forever. If not, he has until 9:00 the night before to walk away from the deal and return to his normal life.
At the ballpark, the hapless Senators vow to play their best despite their failings ("Heart"). Then Joe Hardy is suddenly discovered and joins the team. Gloria Thorpe, a sports reporter, praises him ("Shoeless Joe from Hannibal, Mo"). His hitting prowess enables the team to move up in the standings.
Though Joe is increasingly successful, he truly misses Meg and moves into her house as a boarder in his persona as Joe Hardy. They begin to bond, especially over her "lost" husband ("A Man Doesn't Know"). Fearful of losing his deal, Applegate calls Lola, "the best homewrecker on [his] staff", to seduce Joe and ensure his loss of the bet. She promises to deliver ("A Little Brains, A Little Talent"), and Applegate introduces her as a sultry South American dancer named "Señorita Lolita Banana". She sings a seductive song ("Whatever Lola Wants"), but Joe's devotion to Meg proves too strong, even for her. Applegate punishes her by firing her, where she performs with other past workers for Applegate ("Who's Got the Pain").
Applegate decides to switch tactics to ensure Joe's failure. He releases false information about Joe's true identity being "Shifty McCoy", an escaped criminal and con artist. When Gloria discovers this information, she presses charges, and he is forced into court.
The Senators prepare for the final game against the Yankees for the pennant and worry about Joe, but they vow to think of nothing but winning ("The Game"). Meanwhile, angry fans are seeking him out, so he decides to leave home. As he does so, he hints to Meg that her old husband is nearby ("Near to You"). Meanwhile, Applegate is exhausted by the work he has put into winning one bet and thinks about the "simpler" times in his long history ("Those Were the Good Old Days").
Joe's trial is held on September 24, the last day he can back out of his deal. As he technically does not exist, he cannot produce any kind of identification. The owner of the Senators, their coach, and even Lola (disguised as "Señora McCoy") testify, but their opinions carry no weight. Gloria suggests that Applegate take the stand, but he is unable to take the oath since it requires him to tell the truth. Joe realizes that Applegate is simply stalling to keep him from meeting his 9:00 deadline. Applegate claims that Joe "just needs time to think" and sends him to where Lola is, where history's most famous lovers wait. Lola meets him there and realizes that he truly loves Meg. She helps him by sending him into the final game and delays Applegate by coercing him into a duet ("Two Lost Souls").
When Applegate finally arrives at the game, it is 8:55, and Joe is at bat. As time runs out, Meg, her friends, and even Lola begin cheering for him. Applegate uses his powers to give Joe two strikes. The clock strikes nine, and Applegate claims victory, but at the last second, Joe cries, "Let me go!" The deal is broken, and he reverts to his old self but is still able to hit a home run, winning the pennant for the Senators.
Back at home, Joe rushes into Meg's arms. Applegate appears on the scene, claiming that Joe owes him his prize. He begs Meg to hold him and not let go, and she begins to sing ("Finale (A Man Doesn't Know)"). Applegate promises to make him young again and even ensure a World Series victory. But his powers are useless against their true love, which Lola points out. He shouts that such a thing cannot exist, but he is wrong. He and Lola vanish back to where they came from, defeated, with Joe and Meg united.

## Productions
### Original Broadway production

The producers Frederick Brisson, Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince had decided that the lead actress for the part of "Lola" had to be a dancer. They offered the role to both the movie actress Mitzi Gaynor and ballet dancer Zizi Jeanmaire, each of whom turned down the role. Although Gwen Verdon had sung just one song in her previous show (Can-Can), the producers were willing to take a chance on her. She initially refused, preferring to assist another choreographer, but finally agreed. Choreographer Bob Fosse insisted on meeting her before working with her, and after meeting and working for a brief time, they each agreed to the arrangement. This was the start of an artistic and personal partnership between Fosse and Verdon, who married in 1960.
The show opened on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on May 5, 1955, transferred to the Adelphi Theatre on May 17, 1957, and ran for a total of 1,019 performances. It was directed by George Abbott, with scenery and costumes by William and Jean Eckart, dances and musical numbers staged by Fosse, musical direction by Hal Hastings, orchestrations by Don Walker, and dance music arrangements by Roger Adams.
The show starred Ray Walston (Applegate), Verdon (Lola), Shannon Bolin (Meg), Robert Shafer (Joe Boyd), Elizabeth Howell (Doris), Stephen Douglass (Joe Hardy), Al Lanti (Henry), Eddie Phillips (Sohovik), Nathaniel Frey (Smokey), Albert Linville (Vernon, Postmaster), Russ Brown (Van Buren), Jimmy Komack (Rocky), Rae Allen (Gloria), Cherry Davis (Teenager), Del Horstmann (Lynch, Commissioner), Richard Bishop (Welch), Janie Janvier (Miss Weston), and Jean Stapleton (Sister).

### Original West End production

A West End production played at the London Coliseum beginning on March 28, 1957, where it played for 258 performances. It starred Olympic skater Belita (aka Gladys Lyne Jepson-Turner) as Lola, but the Fosse choreography was alien to her style, and she was replaced by Elizabeth Seal. It also starred Bill Kerr as Applegate, and Ivor Emmanuel as Joe Hardy.
In the mid-1970s, Vincent Price starred as Applegate in summer stock productions of the show. In the late 1970s and early 1980s film actor Van Johnson did so in productions throughout the U.S.A. In July, 1981, a production was performed at the Jones Beach Marine Theater in Wantagh, New York. It was notable due to former New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath being cast in the role of Joe Boyd.

### Broadway revival

A Broadway revival opened at the Marquis Theatre on March 3, 1994 and ran for 519 performances and 33 previews. Featured were Jarrod Emick as Joe Hardy, winner of the 1994 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical, Bebe Neuwirth as Lola and Victor Garber as Applegate. Garber was succeeded by Jerry Lewis, making his Broadway debut, on March 12, 1995, who then starred in a national tour and also played the role in a London production. Jack O'Brien directed, with choreography by Rob Marshall, assisted by his sister, Kathleen. O'Brien is also credited with revisions to the book.

### West End revival

The 1994 revival production opened in the West End at the Adelphi Theatre on June 4, 1997 (previews started May 29) and closed on August 9, 1997. Jerry Lewis reprised his role as Applegate and April Nixon played Lola.

### North Shore Music Theatre

In 2006, North Shore Music Theatre in Beverly, Massachusetts, presented a revised production with the Washington Senators replaced with the Yankees' traditional rivals, the Boston Red Sox. The revised book was written, with permission, by Joe DiPietro

### Reprise! Broadway's Best

In 2007, Reprise! Broadway's Best produced a revival. Jason Alexander directed, resetting the show to 1981 Los Angeles and making changes to accommodate a largely African-American and Hispanic cast. It opened November 7, 2007 and ran through November 25.

### Encores!

A revival was produced by the City Center Encores! Summer Stars series from July 5 to July 27, 2008. It starred Jane Krakowski as Lola, Sean Hayes as Applegate, Randy Graff as Meg, Megan Lawrence as Gloria Thorpe (replacing an injured Ana Gasteyer during rehearsal), P. J. Benjamin as Joe Boyd, and Cheyenne Jackson as Joe Hardy. John Rando directed and the original Fosse choreography was reproduced by Mary MacLeod. Given the substantial changes in the 1994 revival, this is considered by some the first authentic revival of the original production.

### Off-Broadway benefit performance

A one-night-only off-Broadway benefit performance was staged by Roundabout Theatre Company. The benefit, which was directed by Kathleen Marshall, occurred on December 11, 2017. It starred Stephen Bogardus as Joe Boyd, Matthew Morrison as Joe Hardy, Victoria Clark as Meg, Maggie Gyllenhaal as Lola, Whoopi Goldberg as a gender-bent Applegate, Danny Burnstein as Van Buren, and Adrienne Warren as Gloria. It was produced by Scott Landis, Jerry Frankel, and Jay and Cindy Gutterman.

## Musical numbers

    Based on hand engraved materials originally available from Music Theatre International derived from the 1955 production
    Based on 1994 revival

## Notable casts and characters

| Character | Original Broadway 1955 | Original West End 1957 | Toronto 1988 | Broadway Revival 1994 | West End Revival 1997 | Encores! 2008 | Off-Broadway 2017 |
| Joe Boyd | Robert Shafer | Phil Vickers | James Hobson | Dennis Kelly | Dennis Kelly | PJ Benjamin | Stephen Bogardus |
| Joe Hardy | Stephen Douglass | Ivor Emmanuel | Davis Gaines | Jarrod Emick | John-Michael Flate | Cheyenne Jackson | Matthew Morrison |
| Meg Boyd | Shannon Bolin | Betty Paul | Maida Rogerson | Linda Stephens | Joy Franz | Randy Graff | Victoria Clark |
| Lola | Gwen Verdon | Belita | Moira Walley-Beckett | Bebe Neuwirth | April Nixon | Jane Krakowski | Maggie Gyllenhaal |
| Mr. Applegate | Ray Walston | Bill Kerr | Avery Saltzman | Victor Garber | Jerry Lewis | Sean Hayes | Whoopi Goldberg |
| Van Buren | Russ Brown | Donald Stewart | Michael Fawkes | Dick Latessa | Richie Mastascusa | Michael Mulheren | Danny Burstein |
| Gloria Thorpe | Rae Allen | Judy Bruce | Pamela Gerrand | Vicki Lewis | Ellen Grosso | Megan Lawrence | Adrienne Warren |

### Original Broadway replacements

Source
* Meg Boyd: Charlotte Fairchild
* Lola: Sheila Bond, Gretchen Wyler, Devra Korwin
* Applegate: Howard Caine
* Gloria: Sally Brown

### Original West End replacements

* Applegate: Vincent Price, Van Johnson

### Broadway Revival replacements

* Joe Hardy: Eric Kunze, Jason Workman
* Lola: Charlotte d'Amboise
* Applegate: Jerry Lewis
* Gloria: Liz Larsen

## Characters

* Joe Boyd — A middle-aged, overweight married man who is in love with baseball, especially the Senators [the "older" Joe Hardy]
* Joe Hardy — The 22-year-old, home-run-hitting transformation of Joe Boyd
* Meg Boyd — Joe's loyal, traditional wife
* Lola — The Devil's seductress assistant
* Mr. Applegate — The Devil in disguise as a slick salesman
* Van Buren — The hard working manager of the Senators with great heart but no luck
* Gloria Thorpe — A probing reporter
* Rocky — A baseball player for the Senators
* Smokey — A "dim bulb" catcher for the Senators
* Cherry — A friend of Meg
* Doris — A friend of Meg
* Sister — A friend of Meg
* Mr. Welch — The owner of the Senators
* Others: Bouley (also called Ibsen in some productions), Vernon, Henry, Linville, Sohovik, Lowe, Mickey, Del, Miss Weston, Postmaster and The Commissioner
* Baseball players and batboys; Baseball fans' wives
(The original Broadway version also had a children's chorus who sang the reprise of "Heart")

## Recordings, film, and television

The 1955 Original Broadway Cast recording is on RCA Victor, recorded May 8, 1955. The LP was originally issued in mono but in 1965 RCA Victor offered an electronic stereo version. The current CD edition was released in 1988. RCA Victor also released the film soundtrack in 1958. Although recorded in stereo, only the mono version was released. The 1989 CD edition marked the first release of the recording in stereo. The 1994 Broadway revival cast recording made by Mercury (and now on the Decca Broadway label) was released on May 17, 1994.
A film version, directed by George Abbott and Stanley Donen, was released in 1958. With the exception of Tab Hunter in the role of Joe Hardy (replacing Stephen Douglass), the Broadway principals reprised their stage roles.
A made-for-TV movie version was broadcast on April 8, 1967, on NBC. Phil Silvers played Applegate. Also starring were Lee Remick as Lola and Ray Middleton as Joe Boyd.
In 1983, Ray Walston expressed interest in recreating Applegate in Raisin' Cane, a new musical in which the devil returns to ruin Broadway. In a spin on Damn Yankees, this time Applegate takes a young girl and grows her up and gets her the lead in a Broadway show, planning to change her back, bankrupting all the investors. Book, music and lyrics are by San Francisco Bay Area writer/lyricist/composer Ted Kopulos.
In 2009, it was announced that a new contemporary film adaptation of the musical will star Jim Carrey as Applegate and Jake Gyllenhaal as Joe Hardy. No further announcements about this adaptation have been made since (as of December 2024).

## Awards and nominations
### Original Broadway production

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Musical | Best Musical | Won |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Performance By a Leading Actor in a Musical | Ray Walston | Won |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Performance By a Leading Actor in a Musical | Stephen Douglass | Nominated |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical | Gwen Verdon | Won |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical | Russ Brown | Won |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical | Rae Allen | Nominated |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Conductor and Musical Director | Hal Hastings | Won |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Choreography | Bob Fosse | Won |
| 1956 | Tony Award | Best Stage Technician | Harry Green | Won |

### 1994 Broadway revival

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| 1994 | Tony Award | Best Revival of a Musical | Best Revival of a Musical | Nominated |
| 1994 | Tony Award | Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical | Victor Garber | Nominated |
| 1994 | Tony Award | Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical | Jarrod Emick | Won |
| 1994 | Tony Award | Best Choreography | Rob Marshall | Nominated |
| 1994 | Drama Desk Award | Outstanding Revival of a Musical | Outstanding Revival of a Musical | Nominated |
| 1994 | Drama Desk Award | Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical | Jarrod Emick | Won |
| 1994 | Drama Desk Award | Outstanding Orchestrations | Douglas Besterman | Nominated |
| 1994 | Theatre World Award | Theatre World Award | Jarrod Emick | Won |

### 1997 London revival

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| 1998 | Laurence Olivier Award | Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Musical Production | Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Musical Production | Nominated |
| 1998 | Laurence Olivier Award | Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical | April Nixon | Nominated |
| 1998 | Laurence Olivier Award | Best Theatre Choreographer | Rob Marshall | Nominated |