OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland

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This is a list of national parks of Ireland.
The chart below shows the national parks in Ireland. The first park established in Ireland was Killarney National Park located in County Kerry in 1932. Since then a further 7 national parks have been opened; the most recent being Páirc Náisiúnta na Mara in County Kerry, the first marine national park and the largest in the state
| National Park | Region | Area (Land & Sea) | Established |
| Killarney Cill Airne | County Kerry | 105 km$^2$ (41 sq mi) | 1932 |
| Connemara Conamara | County Galway | 20 km$^2$ (7.7 sq mi) | 1980 |
| Glenveagh Gleann Bheatha | County Donegal | 170 km$^2$ (66 sq mi) | 1984 |
| The Burren Boirinn | County Clare | 15 km$^2$ (5.8 sq mi) | 1991 |
| Wicklow Mountains Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin | County Wicklow | 205 km$^2$ (79 sq mi) | 1991 |
| Wild Nephin Néifinn Fhiáin | County Mayo | 150 km$^2$ (58 sq mi) | 1998 |
| Boyne Valley (Brú na Bóinne) National Park Brú na Bóinne | County Meath | 2.2 km$^2$ (0.85 sq mi) | 2023 |
| Páirc Náisiúnta na Mara | County Kerry | 283.3 km$^2$ (109.4 sq mi) | 2024 |
# Dow Jones News/Retrieval

Dow Jones News/Retrieval was an online service offered by Dow Jones & Company beginning in 1973, which greatly expanded its subscriber numbers during the 1980s. It focused on financial information offering access to securities prices including quotes on stocks, bonds, options and mutual funds as well as a news data base with items culled from The Wall Street Journal, Barron's and other sources, as well as sports reports, movie reviews, encyclopedia, electronic shopping, and email. Subscriber numbers rose from 11,000 in 1981 to 205,000 by 1986.
In the 1990s it also provided access to articles from The New York Times and Westlaw.
Fees for using the service were relatively expensive. It cost $30 (equivalent to $65 in 2023) to subscribe followed by a $12 annual membership fee (equivalent to $26 in 2023) . Additionally, prime-time usage charges were $2.30 per minute, and after-hours access was 44 cents a minute for basic services and general information, and $1.76 a minute for detailed reports such as S.E.C. filings. "Blue Chip" and "Executive" discount plans were available for users who spent a lot of time on the service.
In the mid 1990s, the strategy was changed to provide access to the service to a broader business audience and the pricing was simplified, new software and web-based access was launched and the company became more customer-focused under Timothy M. Andrews, a longtime Dow Jones editorial, technology and marketing executive. The name was changed to Dow Jones Interactive, and the $125 million revenue business was later merged into Factiva.
Dow Jones Interactive was shut down on June 30, 2003.
# List of leaders of the League of Nations

The leaders of the League of Nations consisted of a secretary-general, deputy secretary-general and a president of the Assembly selected from member states.

## Secretaries general

| No. | Secretary General | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Country |
| 1 | Drummond, EricSir Eric Drummond (1876–1951) | 1 August 1920 | 2 July 1933 | 12 years, 336 days | United Kingdom |
| 2 | Avenol, JosephJoseph Avenol (1879–1952) | 3 July 1933 | 31 August 1940 | 7 years, 59 days | France |
| 3 | Lester, SeánSeán Lester (1888–1959) | 31 August 1940 | 18 April 1946 | 5 years, 230 days | Ireland |

## Deputy secretaries general

| No. | Name | Term | Country |
| 1 | Jean Monnet | 1919–1923 | France |
| 2 | Joseph Avenol | 1923–1932 | France |
| 3 | Pablo de Azcárate | 1933–1936 | Spain |
| 3 | Massimo Pilotti | 1933–1936 | Italy |
| 4 | Seán Lester | 1937–1940 | Ireland |
| 5 | Francis Paul Walters | 1940-1946 | United Kingdom |

## Under secretaries general

| Nation | Name | Term |
| United States | Raymond B. Fosdick | 1919 (provisional) |
| Italy | Bernardo Attolico | 1919–1920 |
| Japan | Nitobe Inazo | 1919–1926 |
| Italy | Dionisio Anzilotti | 1920–1921 |
| Germany | Albert Dufour-Feronce | 1927–1932 |
| Italy | Giacomo Paulucci di Calboli | 1927–1932 |
| Japan | Yotaro Sugimura [jp] | 1927–1933 |
| Germany | Ernst Trendelenburg | 1932–1933 |
| United Kingdom | Francis Paul Walters | 1933–1939 |
| Soviet Union | Vladimir Sokoline | 1937–1939 |
| Argentina | Luis Podestá Costa [es] | 1938–1943 |
| Greece | Thanassis Aghnides | 1939–1942 |

## Presidents of the Assembly

| Nation | Name | Term |
| France | Léon Bourgeois | 1920 |
| Belgium | Paul Hymans 1st time | 1920–1921 |
| Netherlands | Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek | 1921–1922 |
| Chile | Agustín Edwards | 1922–1923 |
| Cuba | Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza | 1923–1924 |
| Switzerland | Giuseppe Motta | 1924–1925 |
| Canada | Raoul Dandurand | 1925–1926 |
| Portugal | Afonso Costa | 1926 |
| Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Momčilo Ninčić | 1926–1927 |
| Uruguay | Alberto Guani | 1927–1928 |
| Denmark | Herluf Zahle | 1928–1929 |
| El Salvador | José Gustavo Guerrero | 1929–1930 |
| Kingdom of Romania | Nicolae Titulescu | 1930–1932 |
| Belgium | Paul Hymans 2nd time | 1932–1933 |
| Union of South Africa | Charles Theodore Te Water | 1933–1934 |
| Sweden | Rickard Sandler | 1934 |
| Mexico | Francisco Castillo Nájera | 1934–1935 |
| Czechoslovakia | Edvard Beneš | 1935–1936 |
| Argentina | Carlos Saavedra Lamas | 1936–1937 |
| Turkey | Tevfik Rüştü Aras | 1937–1937 |
| British Raj | Sir Sultan Muhammed Shah, Aga Khan III | 1937–1938 |
| Ireland | Éamon de Valera | 1938–1939 |
| Norway | C. J. Hambro | 1939–1946 |
# Edward Ashe (died 1748)

Edward Ashe (c. 1673 – 1748) of Heytesbury, Wiltshire was an English landowner, and Member of Parliament for Heytesbury for 52 years, from 1695 to 1747.
Between 1640 and 1750, Heytesbury was continuously represented by a member of the Ashe family. His grandfather, Edward, father, William, brother, and nephew, were also MPs for the seat.
During his time in Parliament, he is recorded as making only one intervention, in 1733. A reliable Whig, and supporter of Robert Walpole, in 1720, he was given a seat on the Board of Trade, which he retained until 1746.
He died on 22 May 1748; he had no children from his marriage to Frances Luttrell, and his estate was inherited by his nephew, William Ashe, 1714 to 1750.

## Biography

Edward Ashe was the eldest son of William Ashe, and his first wife Anne Popham, daughter of Alexander Popham, MP of Littlecote, Wiltshire. He had a brother, William (1675-1732), the second MP for Heytesbury from 1708 to 1722, and a sister, Elizabeth (1682-1768). She married Pierce A'Court, (1677-1725); her grandson, William Ashe A'Court, (c.1747-1817), inherited the Heytesbury estate.
In 1710, Edward married Frances Luttrell; they had no children.

## Career

He graduated from Wadham College, Oxford on 7 April 1690, and in the 1695 election, was nominated for Heytesbury. His grandfather, Edward, was a wealthy London merchant, who purchased the Heytesbury estate in 1641. The borough returned two MPs, and an Ashe family member, or connection, occupied these continuously from 1640 to 1770. with only 26 voters, only one election from 1690 to 1754 was contested.
Most of Wiltshire supported Parliament in the First English Civil War, while his father was a religious Independent. The Ashes were thus supporters of the 1688 Glorious Revolution, and reliable Whig voters. In 1696, Ashe voted for the execution of Jacobite plotter, Sir John Fenwick.
The Ashes were a large family; in the early 1700s, Edward and another seven direct relatives were MPs. He was also connected by marriage to Viscount 'Turnip' Townshend, Whig Secretary of State for the North, 1714 to 1717. Although out manoeuvred by Walpole for leadership of the party, he and his supporters remained an important faction.
As a result, Ashe held a number of government posts; he was Storekeeper of the Ordnance from 1710 until 1712, when he was removed by the 1713 Tory government. Restored by the Whigs as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1714, he lost office again when Townshend was defeated by his Whig rivals in 1718. Eventually, he was appointed to the Board of Trade, which he retained until 1746, although he played very little part in its activities. His lengthy service meant that he was briefly Father of the House.
He resigned his offices in 1746, on grounds of ill-health, and died on 22 May 1748; he was buried at St Peter and St Paul, Heytesbury.
# Mongush Kenin-Lopsan

Mongush Borakhovitch Kenin-Lopsan (Russian: Монгуш Борахович Кенин-Лопсан, Tuvan: Моңгуш Бора-Хөө оглу Кенин-Лопсаң, romanized: Moñguş Bora-Xöö oglu Kenin-Lopsañ; 10 April 1925 – 10 February 2022) was a Russian writer, poet, historian, archaeologist, famous Tuvan shamanism researcher, and leader who lived in Kyzyl, the capital of Tuva, Russian Federation.

## Life

Kenin-Lopsan was born on 10 April 1925, at Chash-Tal, Tuva, Chöön-Khemtchik district to a family of Bora-Khöö. His grandparents/parents were nomads, cattle breeders, herders, blacksmiths as well as storytellers and shamans. Kenin-Lopsan was educated at ground school in Chadan, later on colleges in Kyzyl. He studied philology at Leningrad (today St. Petersburg) University and received a master's degree in 'Eastern Sciences'. Being back in Tuva, he served as a teacher of Tuvan as well as of Russian language and literature besides working as an editor for a publishing company in Tuva.
Among his first books was The Big Way (1956) as well as other novels like The Currents of the Big River (1965), Dance of Capricorn and The Yurt of the Horse Herder. He won several Russian and Tuvan prizes. Throughout his whole life, he collected stories from his kinsmen, storytellers, shamans, workers, herders and poets. For his research on shamanism, he was persecuted during Soviet times. His grandmother shamaness Kuular Khandyshap died after being imprisoned by Gulag for 15 years.
Kenin-Lopsan died on 10 February 2022, at the age of 96.

## Publications

* Algyshi Tuvinskich Shamanov (Songs of Tuvan Shamans), Novosti, Kyzyl 1995. - Schamanengesänge aus Tuva (translation into German), Lamuv, Göttingen 2013.
* Mifi Tuvinskich Shamanov (Stories of Tuvan Shamans), Novosti, Kyzyl 2002. - Calling the Bear Spirit (translation into English), Kjellin, Kristianstad 2010. - Schamanengeschichten aus Tuwa (Translation into German), Lamuv, Göttingen 2011.
* Hoppál, Mihaly (ed.): Shamanic Songs and Myths of Tuva (selected stories and songs out of "Algyshi" and "Mifi", English), Istor Books #7, Budapest 1997.
# Hacı Ömer Sabancı Foundation

Hacı Ömer Sabancı Foundation, also known as the Sabancı Vakfı is a Turkish philanthropic organization. Established in 1974, the foundation gives money for a variety of causes, including education and health. They award scholarships to college students, and sponsor other educational programs. Hacı Ömer Sabancı's sons established the philosophy "To give what this land has given to us back to its people" in perpetuity by formally founding the Hacı Ömer Sabancı Foundation, commonly known as the Sabancı Foundation, in 1974. This foundation institutionalizes the family's commitment to supporting the social and cultural development of Turkey.
Hacı Ömer Sabancı Foundation is named after Hacı Ömer Sabancı, the founder of Sabancı Holding. This foundation is referred to as the Sabancı Foundation or VAKSA for short. Sadıka Sabancı, the wife of Hacı Ömer Sabancı, was named Mother of the Year in 1975 for donating her entire estate to VAKSA. Hacı Ömer Sabancı Foundation is a member of the Third Sector Foundation of Turkey.
# Tindeklypa

Tindeklypa is a double summit separated by a deep ravine. The feature is located 1.5 km (1 mi) north of Istind Peak, on the east side of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named "Tindeklypa" (the summit ravine).
# Baniopis

Baniopis is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Baniopis pulverea, is found in Ghana. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1926.
# Théodore Strawinsky

Théodore Igorevich Strawinsky (Russian: Фёдор Игоревич Стравинский; March 24, 1907 – May 16, 1989) was a Russian-born painter.

## Life

Strawinsky was born in Saint Petersburg in 1907. His father was the composer Igor Stravinsky, who at the time of his son's birth was still under the private tutelage of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and his mother Yekaterina (née Nosenko), who came from a Ukrainian landowning family. When World War I began, his family took up residence in Switzerland. They first lived at the home of his father's friend Ernest Ansermet, then later moving into their own home in Morges. It was here where the young Strawinsky first began to demonstrate interest in painting, with his early efforts encouraged by Charles Ferdinand Ramuz and Alexandre Cingria.
He had his first solo exhibition in 1927 at the Galerie aux Quatre Chemins in Paris, subsequently spending two years studying at the Académie André Lhote in Montparnasse. In 1934, while in Meudon to meet with Jacques Maritain, he was introduced to Denise Guerzoni. On June 29, 1936, they married in Paris.
Although his father had obtained French citizenship for himself and most of his family in 1934, Strawinsky remained stateless as a consequence of the Russian Revolution. He remained in France at the outbreak of World War II, enlisted in the French Army in 1939, and was deployed to Le Mans. He was later discharged for health reasons and moved to Toulouse in 1940. Two years later Strawinsky moved with his wife to her hometown of Geneva, where they would live until his death on May 16, 1989.
# Gumpert Nathalie

The Gumpert Nathalie or RG Nathalie is a hydrogen-electric hybrid sports car running on methanol to generate hydrogen that is scheduled to enter production in 2021. It is the first car produced by the new car manufacturer RG founded by Roland Gumpert, following the bankruptcy of his company Gumpert which produced the Apollo. Production is planned to be limited to 500 cars.

## History
### Preamble

Roland Gumpert is a former president of Audi Sport. In 2001, he had founded the automobile manufacturer Gumpert, to produce a supercar named Gumpert Apollo. In 2014, the company went bankrupt, and was taken over by Hong Kong businessman Norman Choi and consortium Consolidated Ideal TeamVenture, the owner of De Tomaso, which renames it Apollo Automobil Gmbh and produces the Apollo Intensa Emozione.

### Presentation

In 2017, Roland Gumpert joined forces with Aiways, a Chinese company based in Shanghai and specialist in alternative energies, and founded his new company called “RG”, initials of Roland Gumpert, based in Ingolstadt in Germany.
At Beijing Motor Show 2018, RG presents the prototype of its first model: the "Nathalie", named after the daughter of the founder. The RG Nathalie is to be produced at 500 copies from the end of 2019 in Germany, then in Shangrao in China and sold at a price of 420000 Euros.
At the 2019 Geneva Motor Show, Gumpert presents the RG Nathalie in its series version, produced from 2021, with its electric motor powered by a fuel cell.

## Features

The Nathalie is a two-seater coupe, its line is close to the Nissan GT-R. It receives headlights with LEDs at the front, removable shutters and a light strip joining the rear lights. It is designed on a very light carbon shell which gives it high performance with a maximum speed of 300 km/h (190 mph) and a 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 2.5 seconds.
The Nathalie receives four electric motors of 150 kW (200 hp), each placed in the wheels. They develop a combined power of 400 kW (540 hp) transmitted on all four wheels.
The Nathalie is equipped with a 15 kW (20 hp) fuel cell which operates on methanol and supplies a 70 kWh (250 MJ) battery. The complex system developed by RG consists of a methanol reformer which, by a catalyzed chemical reaction, divides methanol into carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the latter feeding the fuel cell which produces electricity. The fuel cell system type is indicated by the fuel cell producer as Reformed methanol fuel cell. It also increases its autonomy thanks to the recovery of energy produced during braking. It benefits from a 60-liter tank of methanol and thus a range of 600 km (370 mi) to 1,200 km (750 mi) in "eco" mode. If renewable methanol (e.g. made of municipal waste or renewable electricity) is used, a carbon-neutral operation is possible.
# Dave Thomas Circle

Dave Thomas Circle was the unofficial nickname for a small triangular block in Northeast Washington, D.C., and the surrounding streets and traffic pattern, which existed from 2010 to 2024. It was bounded by Florida Avenue, New York Avenue and First Street Northeast, with O Street Northeast and Eckington Place Northeast also terminating along the block. It was located on the eastern edge of the L'Enfant Plan.

## Background

The circle was a result of a gap in the original L'Enfant Plan. The plan ended where east-west O Street and north-south First Street reached Boundary Street (now Florida Avenue), where they met Tiber Creek, which was eventually buried and culverted over. As development increased over time, traffic congestion increased. Until 2021, the only property on the block was a Wendy's fast food restaurant franchise and its parking lot, leading to the unofficial Dave Thomas Circle name, after Dave Thomas, who founded Wendy's in 1969 and served as its long-time spokesman.
A 2010 project by the District Department of Transportation made each of the streets one-way around the block, similar to a traffic circle. The department calls the traffic pattern a "virtual circle."
The intersection developed a reputation as one of the most chaotic and dangerous intersections in Washington, D.C. In 2018, the intersection of New York Avenue and First Street saw 102 crashes, making it the second most dangerous in the city. DDOT attributed the issues to "a combination of unusual geometry, turning movements, closely spaced intersections, and high traffic volumes." Drivers frequently encountered long traffic jams, especially at the intersection of Florida and New York Avenues.

## Redesign and closure

In 2019, Washington, D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser asked for $35 million for the city to buy the Wendy's and reconfigure the intersection to eliminate Dave Thomas Circle and make it better for motorists, pedestrians and bicyclists.
In 2021, the District Department of Transportation acquired the Wendy's restaurant and property through eminent domain to enable the city to demolish the building, rebuild the intersection and eliminate the circle. The city originally planned to start construction in early 2022. The restaurant closed on September 21, 2021, with the franchisee vacating the building fully by September 30.
Under the final plan approved in November 2021, First Street was re-routed to run directly into Eckington Place, both First Street and Florida Avenue were transformed into two-way streets, and the block of O Street between First and Second Streets removed entirely, effectively eliminating the "virtual circle" design. The new layout created three new spaces for parks or public art.
Demolition on the Wendy's was started in July 2023, starting a projected $41 million renovation to the intersection. In October 2023, it was announced the intersection would be renamed Mamie 'Peanut' Johnson Plaza in honor of the pioneer of female African- American baseball.
The first phase of the new traffic pattern, including the reconstructed First Street and a new left-turn lane from New York to Florida Avenue, opened in July 2024.
# NME Originals

The NME Originals is a collection of articles and reviews from the NME and Melody Maker magazines about one band or genre. The first issue was about the Beatles, published on 3 April 2002. Many issues in the series were produced by NME editorial director Steve Sutherland, but some of the later titles, such as those on the former Beatles' solo years and Mod, were under the editorship of Chris Hunt.
* The Beatles - (April 2002)
* Punk - (April 2002)
* Oasis - (June 2002)
* Manic Street Preachers - (October 2002)
* U2 - (November 2002)
* Nirvana - (February 2003)
* Madchester - (April 2003)
* Radiohead - (June 2003)
* Bob Dylan - (August 2003) - an Uncut Legends edition
* The Rolling Stones - (August 2003)
* John Lennon - (October 2003)
* 1960s - (December 2003)
* The Who - (February 2004) - in conjunction with Uncut
* Kurt Cobain - (March 2004) - an Uncut Legends edition
* The Clash - (April 2004) - in conjunction with Uncut
* Glam - (July 2004)
* Gods of Rock - (September 2004)
* Goth - (October 2004)
* Bruce Springsteen - (December 2004)
* 80s - (January 2005)
* Mod - (April 2005)
* The Solo Years of The Beatles - (June 2005)
* Elvis - (April 2005)
* Britpop - (Volume 2, Issue 4 2005)
# World Chess Boxing Organisation

The World Chess Boxing Organisation (WCBO) is a governing body of the sport chessboxing. The WCBO was founded by the late Iepe Rubingh, founder of the sport, in 2003 and has its headquarters in Berlin, Germany. Its current president is Lara Armas from France.
The principal tasks of the WCBO include: training people in the number one thinking sport and the number one fighting sport and the combination of both; building up a worldwide structure of chess boxing clubs and organisations; promoting chess boxing; and holding championship and promotional fights.
The WCBO's motto is: "Fighting is done in the ring and wars are waged on the board".

## Affiliated organisations

Currently, WCBO is affiliated with chessboxing organisations in 38 nations:

### First Nations

* Chess Boxing Organisation of India
* Turkey Chessboxing Federation
* Italian Chessboxing Federation
* France Chessboxing Federation
* Russian Chessboxing Federation
* Chile Chessboxing Association
* Latvia Chessboxing Federation
* Kazakhstan Chessboxing Federation
* U.S. Chessboxing
* Chess Boxing Club Berlin (CBCB, founded in August 2005)
* Latvian Chessboxing Federation
* Nordic Chessboxing Federation (Finland)
* Bulgarian Chess Boxing Organisation
* Maple Leaf Chessboxing (Canada)

### Current Nations

Asia (11):India Kazakhstan Iran Afghanistan Kyrgyz Republic Philippines Lebanon Uzbekistan Tajikistan Nepal Cyprus
Africa (5):Equatorial Guinea Uganda Algeria Gambia Ethiopia
Europe (16): Germanу France Italy Turkey Russia Finland Netherlands Greece Switzerland Poland Latvia Serbia Denmark Spain Armenia Georgia
Oceaina (2):Australia New Zealand
Pan America (4):Mexico Canada USA Chile