OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peace of Nicias

The Peace of Nicias was a peace treaty signed between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta in March 421 BC that ended the first half of the Peloponnesian War.
In 425 BC, the Spartans had lost the battles of Pylos and Sphacteria, a severe defeat resulting in the Athenians holding 292 prisoners. At least 120 were Spartiates, who had recovered by 424 BC, when the Spartan general Brasidas captured Amphipolis. In the same year, the Athenians suffered a major defeat in Boeotia at the Battle of Delium, and in 422 BC, they were defeated again at the Battle of Amphipolis in their attempt to take back that city. Both Brasidas, the leading Spartan general, and Cleon, the leading politician in Athens, were killed at Amphipolis. By then, both sides were exhausted and ready for peace.
The negotiations were started by Pleistoanax, King of Sparta, and Nicias, an Athenian general. The most amicable proposal was to return everything to the prewar state except for Nisaea and Plataea. Athens would retain control of Nisaea and Thebes would retain control over Plataea. Amphipolis would be returned to Athens and Pylos would be returned to Sparta. Athenians would release the Spartan prisoners taken at Sphacteria and Sparta together with Thebes would return Athenian prisoners. Temples throughout Greece would be open to worshipers from all cities, and the oracle at Delphi would regain its autonomy. Athens would continue to collect tribute from the states from which it had received it since the time of Aristides, but Athens could not force them to become allies. Athens also agreed to come to Sparta's aid if the helots revolted. Few of Sparta's allies agreed to sign the peace. Boeotia, Corinth, Elis, Megara and Amphipolis opposed the treaty.
Seventeen representatives from each side swore an oath to uphold the treaty, which was meant to last for fifty years. The Spartan representatives were the kings Pleistoanax and Agis II, Pleistolas, Damagetus, Chionis, Metagenes, Acanthus, Daithus, Ischagoras, Philocharidas, Zeuxidas, Antiphus, Tellis, Alcindas, Empedias, Menas, and Laphilus. The Athenian representatives were Lampon, Isthmonicus, Nicias, Laches, Euthydemus, Procles, Pythodorus, Hagnon, Myrtilus, Thrasycles, Theagenes, Aristocrates, Iolcius, Timocrates, Leon, Lamachus, and Demosthenes. However, Athens's chief goal, the restoration of Amphipolis, was denied when Clearidas obtained from the Spartans a clause in the treaty negating the transfer. The treaty was broken from the start and, after several more failures, was formally abandoned in 414 BC. The Peloponnesian War resumed the second stage.
# BRR

BRR may refer to:
* Balanced repeated replication, a statistical technique for estimating sampling variability
* Barra Airport (Scotland) (IATA airport code)
* Barrhead railway station, a Scottish railway station
* Bedroom Rat Records, UK garage record label
* Binary Revolution Radio, a hacker internet radio show
* Bit-rate reduction, another term for data compression
* Bit Rate Reduction, a name given to an audio compression scheme used in the SNES
* Blenheim Riverside Railway, a narrow gauge railway in Blenheim, New Zealand
* BMW Rolls-Royce AeroEngines GmbH, in short form BMW Rolls-Royce, a former joint venture company of BMW AG and Rolls-Royce plc
* Book Rights Registry, disburses revenue from Google Book Search
* Brazilian cruzeiro real, the short-lived currency between August 1993 and June 1994, that had ISO 4217 code BRR
* BRR dances
* Business Readiness Rating
* Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi or BRR NAD-Nias, an Agency for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Aceh and Nias
* Black Rose Rollers, a roller derby league from Hanover, Pennsylvania
# Gopal Chandra Bhattacharya

Gopal Chandra Bhattacharya (1 August 1895 – 8 April 1981) was an Indian entomologist and naturalist who spent most of his career at Bose Institute, Kolkata. He had no formal college degree. In 1981, the University of Calcutta awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science degree months before he died. He was awarded the Ananda Puraskar for Bengali literature in 1968, and the highest award for Bengali literature, the Rabindra Puraskar, in 1975.
He published his first research papers in 1932, on life events in the body of plants. Subsequently, he also published work on bioluminescence and other botany topics, but gradually his interests shifted to entomology. He became an expert photographer, and photographed many varieties of ants, spiders, small bats and tadpoles. In total, he published 22 papers in English, including in journals such as the Natural History of the American Museum of Natural History.

## Science popularization

In 1948 he worked with Satyendra Nath Bose (of Bose–Einstein statistics fame) to establish the Bangiya Bijnan Parishad (Bengal Science Council), a society for science research.

## Scientific findings

In 1943, possibly before the fact had been established among naturalists, Gopal Chandra published an article in the Transactions of the Bose Institute of Calcutta, outlining how the queen in social insects such as ants or bees, produces other queens, workers or soldiers, by appropriately altering the nature of the royal jelly fed to the larvae. His observations were based on a species of ants, Oecophylla smaragdina.

## The Gopal Chandra Bhattacharya Award

In 2005, the government of West Bengal instituted an award for science popularization in his name, the Gopal Chandra Bhattacharyya Smriti Puraskar. In 2005, the entomologist Debashis Biswas was awarded this prize for writing several books that describe the biology of mosquitoes and malaria prevention through stories.
# Days of Comedy

Days of Comedy (Macedonian Cyrillic: Денови на комедија) is an international theater comedy festival in Kumanovo, Macedonia. The festival is held at the Cultural Center Trajko Prokopiev annually. Theaters from Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and other countries participate.
# Brodowce

Brodowce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Twardogóra, within Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was part of Germany.
It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Twardogóra, 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Oleśnica, and 39 kilometres (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław.
# Liberal Party Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Parliament of Canada

The Liberal Party of Canada's Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Canadian Parliament was last shuffled on April 17, 2013 and selected by leader Justin Trudeau. The shadow cabinet was most recently shuffled on August 21, 2013.

## Liberal Shadow Cabinet
### Parliamentary leadership

* Justin Trudeau - Leader, Youth
* Ralph Goodale - Deputy Leader
* Dominic LeBlanc - House Leader
* Kevin Lamoureux - Deputy House Leader
* Judy Foote - Whip
* Frank Valeriote - Deputy Whip and Veterans' Affairs
* Francis Scarpaleggia - National Caucus Chair
* Mauril Bélanger - Co-Operatives
* Carolyn Bennett - Aboriginal Affairs
* Scott Brison - Finance
* Gerry Byrne - Treasury Board, Public Works and Government Services
* Sean Casey - Justice
* Irwin Cotler - Rights and Freedoms, International Justice
* Rodger Cuzner - Employment and Social Development, Labour
* Stéphane Dion - Canadian Heritage, Official Languages, Intergovernmental Affairs
* Emmanuel Dubourg - National Revenue
* Kirsty Duncan - Consular Affairs, International Development, Status of Women
* Wayne Easter - Public Safety
* Mark Eyking - Agriculture and Agri-Food
* Chrystia Freeland - International Trade
* Hedy Fry - Health
* Marc Garneau - Foreign Affairs, Francophonie
* Ted Hsu - Science and Technology, Post-Secondary Education, Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario and Federal Economic Development Initiative in Northern Ontario
* Yvonne Jones - Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency and Northern Development, Arctic Council, Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, Search and Rescue
* Lawrence MacAulay - Fisheries and Oceans
* John McCallum - Citizenship and Immigration, Multiculturalism, Seniors
* David McGuinty - Transport, Infrastructure and Communities
* John McKay - Environment
* Joyce Murray - National Defence, Western Economic Diversification
* Geoff Regan - Natural Resources
* Judy Sgro - Industry
* Scott Simms - Democratic Reform and Citizen Services
* Lise St-Denis - Early Learning and Childcare
# Laurent Bouvet

Laurent Bouvet (9 July 1968 – 18 December 2021) was a French political scientist. In 2016, he cofounded the political movement Printemps républicain.
Bouvet died from complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on 18 December 2021, at the age of 53.

## Publications
### Monographs

* Le Communautarisme : mythes et réalités. Paris. 2007 – via Lignes de repères.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Le Sens du peuple : la gauche, la démocratie, le populisme. Paris. 2012 – via Gallimard.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* L'Insécurité culturelle : sortir du malaise identitaire français. Paris. 2015 – via Fayard.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* La Gauche zombie. Chroniques d'une malédiction politique. Paris. 2017 – via Lemieux éditeur.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* La Nouvelle Question laïque - Choisir la République. Paris. 2019 – via Flammarion.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Le Péril identitaire. 2020 – via éditions de l'Observatoire.

### Collections

* With Thierry Chopin (1997). Le Fédéraliste : la démocratie apprivoisée. Paris – via Michalon.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* With Jacques Delors; Donate Kluxen-Pyta (1998). France-Allemagne : le bond en avant. Paris – via Éditions Odile Jacob.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* With Laurent Baumel (2003). L'Année zéro de la gauche. Paris – via Michalon.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

### Dictionaries and manuals

* With Christophe Giolito (2009). La Culture générale à Sciences-Po. Paris – via SEDES.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Alcaud, David; et al. (2010). Dictionnaire de sciences politiques. Paris – via Sirey.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Amphizoa insolens

Amphizoa insolens is a species of aquatic beetles. It is found in North America from Alaska to southern California.
Adult A. insolens beetles are between 10.9 and 15 millimeters long. Their front tarsi lack well-developed grooves with hair-like setae.
# Satoshi Osugi

Satoshi Osugi (大杉 啓, Osugi Satoshi, born 22 December 1996) is a Japanese footballer who playing as a goalkeeper and currently play for J3 League club, Kochi United.

## Career

In his third year at Shizuoka Gakuen Junior and Senior High School, he participated in the All Japan High School Soccer Tournament, but because first-year student Takumi Yamanoi was selected, he finished the tournament without playing in a match.
After graduating from Nippon Sport Science University, he went to Australia and continued to play for lower league clubs.
On 20 July 2020, Osugi joined to Shinagawa CC in the Kanagawa Prefecture Adult Soccer League Division 1 for mid 2020 season.
On 14 January 2021, Osugi was announce official transfer to J3 club, Fujieda MYFC for 2021 season. On 1 December at same year, Osugi was announce official leaving from his club. Nine days later at same year, he participated in a J.League joint tryout at Fukuda Denshi Arena.
On 19 January 2022, Osugi was announce official transfer to J3 club, Fukushima United for 2022 season.ref>"【選手情報】大杉啓選手 藤枝MYFCより完全移籍加入のお知らせ" (Press release). 福島ユナイテッドFC. 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</ref>
On 5 December 2023, Osugi was announce official contract expire with Fukushima United. Seven days later of the same year, he participated in a J.League joint tryout.
On 8 January 2024, Osugi was announce official transfer to JFL club, Kochi United for 2024 season. This year, he played in all 30 league matches and also played in two legs in the J3/JFL playoff matches, contributing to Kochi promotion to J3 League for the first time in their history.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of the match played 16 February 2025.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Malvern City | 2018 | Victorian State League 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Kingston City | 2019 | NPL Victoria | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Fujieda MYFC | 2021 | J3 League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Fukushima United | 2022 | J3 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Fukushima United | 2023 | J3 League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Kochi United | 2024 | Japan Football League | 30 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Kochi United | 2025 | J3 League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 57 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 0 |

#### Notes
## Honours
### Kochi United

* J3/JFL Play-off winner: 2024
# Douglas Clark (poet)

Douglas Clark (1942 – 20 July 2010) was an English poet.
Clark was born in Darlington, County Durham, England, to Scottish parents in 1942. He was educated at Glasgow University, where he studied mathematics, and in Edinburgh. From 1973 until 1993 he worked in Computing Services at the University of Bath, 10 years spent working on Multics. Since then he has done voluntary work.
From 1985 to 1991 he published an integrated set of four books (Troubador, Horsemen, Coatham, Disbanded) comprising the so-called The Horseman Trilogy from his own Benjamin Press and the pamphlet 'Dysholm' in 1993, which completed the series.
His second set of books comprises Selected Poems (Benjamin Press, 1995), the 'Cat Poems' pamphlet (Benjamin Press, 1997) and 'Wounds' (Salzburg University Press, 1997), which may be found at the backlist of Poetry Salzburg.
He edited the Webzine Lynx: Poetry from Bath for three years from 1997 to 2000. The 'Kitten Poems' pamphlet was published in 2002. For his 60th birthday on 3 October 2002 he prepared a final pamphlet 'Alive' which was published in 'Finality: New and Selected Poems' (Benjamin Press, 2005). The compilation 'Durham Poems' (Arrowhead Press, 2005) was published in the same year and may be found at Durham Poems of Arrowhead Press. The final book from his Benjamin Press, published on 1 May 2008, is Love Poems (ISBN 978-0-9510193-9-9). All his poetry is available on the World Wide Web where he has his readership.
A current selection of his work is available. An alternative selection of his work is available at Poets' corner which is curated by Anny Ballardini. The cover graphics of his publications are available.
Douglas Clark died on 20 July 2010 in the Royal United Hospital in Bath.
# Penywaun

Penywaun (also in Welsh: Pen-y-waun) is a community, electoral ward and north-western suburb of Aberdare in the Cynon Valley within the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. At the 2011 census, the population of the ward was registered as 3,063.

## Etymology

Penywaun derives from two common Welsh toponyms "Pen" meaning top or head and "Gwaun" meaning moorland. Writing in 1887, Thomas Morgan states that the toponym (which he spells "Penwaun") indicates the end of the moor known as the Hirwaun Gwrgant or Gwrgan's "Waun".

## Background

Much of the local housing was built by the local Aberdare urban district council after the Second World War in several stages, starting with simple pre-fabricated houses.
Shops and businesses trading in the village include a cafe, newsagents, hairdresser, a traditional fish and chip shop, and three grocery-type stores, one opposite the Colliers Arms (now closed) pub . Most of the retail is in a retail precinct ('the Shopping Centre').

## Schools

* Primary Schools
** Penywaun Primary School, near Coed Glas, educates approximately 252 pupils, aged 3 to 11.
* Main secondary education schools are:
** Ysgol Gyfun Rhydywaun a Welsh Medium comprehensive school, serving the village since 1995.
** Aberdare Community School
** St. John's The Baptist High School Of Aberdare.

## Culture

Saint Winifred Church - see photograph - (Church in Wales) is in the centre of the village. St Lleurwg Church in Hirwaun is the sister church sharing (co-serving) the Parish of Hirwaun.
Penywaun Workingmen's Club and Institute (PWCI) began in the village in 1959. Many successful singers and entertainers have performed here, including Sir Tom Jones shortly before his rise to stardom in the 1960s.

## Politics

Penywaun is also an electoral ward for Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council. The County Borough Councillor until 2012 was Glyn Roberts (Labour), a long-serving Director of the Tower Colliery company.

## Sport, leisure and recreation

Penywaun F.C. plays soccer regularly in the Aberdare Valley Premier Division.
Penywaun is also home to an award-winning Tang Soo Do group which meet regularly at Penywaun Community Centre.
Two allotments (for gardening) are managed locally by Rhondda Cynon Taf Council.
Aberdare Park and Dare Valley Country Park are within two miles.

## Notable people

* Kim Howells - Welsh Labour politician and MP for Pontypridd, born in Merthyr Tydfil, but raised in Penywaun
* Dai Young (rugby footballer) - Lived in Penywaun for many years with his parents
# Women's football in Ghana

Ghana is traditionally a powerhouse of African Football but the sport is believed to be dying due to lack of corporate sponsorship.
Although popular amongst girls, many experience prejudice and discrimination.

## Domestic football

After several years the Ghana FA implemented a Ghana Women's Football League. In 2022 the GWFL has finally gained television sponsorship.
Since 2016, the Ghana Women's FA Cup is played as the top knockout tournament of the Ghanaian association football.
In 2024, to promote women's football in the country, the Ghana Football Association (GFA) launched Football4Girls and Girls for Goals programs across the country.

## National team

Ghana have qualified for 3 world cups.
Alberta Sackey and Adjoa Bayor are considered one of the best female players to come from Africa.
# Edison High School (Stockton, California)

Edison High School is a secondary school located in the southern part of Stockton, California. It is in the Stockton Unified School District.

## History

Opening in 1941, the school is located in a dense urban area in the southern part of Stockton. Edison High School opened in 1941 at what is now the corner of Charter Way, now called Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, and Center Street. It is named after the American Inventor Thomas Edison. The campus has been expanded through the years, with the addition of major classroom buildings and a library in the 1970s. Starting with the 2009–2010 school year, Edison will start its classes as Small Learning Communities or SLC's.

## Alma Mater

Edison, our Alma mater, give forth thy light. Guide us to knowledge, wisdom, and right. Wherever we may wander, let us never fail. Edison forever, Alma mater hail.

## Athletics

The Vikings compete at Division 1 level in the CIF. They are a member of the San Joaquin Athletic Association and part of the Sac-Joaquin Section.

## Notable alumni

* Darren Arbet, arena football, current head coach of the San Jose Sabercats and 4-time Arena Bowl champion
* Nakia Burrise, American Actress most known for her role as Tanya Sloan, the Yellow Zeo Ranger in Power Rangers Zeo and the Yellow Turbo Ranger in Power Rangers Turbo She attended UCLA after graduating from Edison.
* Dennis Edwards, former defensive end for the Los Angeles Rams
* John Gianelli, former forward/center for the New York Knicks (1972–1976), Buffalo Braves (1976–1977), Milwaukee Bucks (1977–1979) and Utah Jazz (1979)
* Lynell Hamilton, former running back for the New Orleans Saints.
* Willard Harrell, former running back for the Green Bay Packers and St. Louis Cardinals.
* Lavelle Hawkins, current wide receiver for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
* Chris Henry, running back for NFL's Tennessee Titans, Houston Texans and Seattle Seahawks.
* Fred Heron, former defensive lineman for the St. Louis Cardinals.
* J. D. Hill, former wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills and Detroit Lions of the National Football League.
* Trumaine Johnson, former cornerback for the New York Jets.
* Derek Kennard, former guard and center for the National Football League and United States Football League.
* Maxine Hong Kingston, wrote The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts
* Patrick Kinser-Lau, Broadway actor
* Dawn Mabalon, historian and professor
* John Nisby, former NFL guard with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Washington Redskins. One of the first African American players to play for the Washington Redskins.
* Saint Saffold, football player
# Perseus Books Group

Perseus Books Group was an American publishing company founded in year 1996 by investor Frank Pearl. Perseus acquired the trade publishing division of Addison-Wesley (including the Merloyd Lawrence imprint) in 1997.
In 2005, Perseus acquired Client Distribution Services, the former distribution arm of Random House. It was named Publisher of the Year in 2007 by Publishers Weekly magazine for its role in taking on publishers formerly distributed by the Publishers Group West and acquiring Avalon Publishing Group. In January 2007, the Perseus Books Group purchased Avalon Publishing Group, the parent company of Carroll & Graf and Thunder's Mouth Press; the purchaser folded both imprints and stopped publishing books under those names in May 2007.
In 2014, following the bankruptcy auction of Good Books assets, Skyhorse Publishing sold the Mayo Clinic line to Perseus. It was then incorporated and released through Perseus' Da Capo Lifelong imprint.
After the death of Frank Pearl, Perseus was sold to Centre Lane Partners in 2015, a private equity firm. In April 2016, its name and publishing business was acquired by Hachette Book Group and its distribution business by Ingram Content Group.
In December 2018, Hachette Books became an imprint of the Perseus Books division. Concurrently, Da Capo Press and Da Capo's Lifelong became part of Hachette.

## Imprints

The Perseus Books Group currently has the following imprints:
* Avalon Travel
** Moon Publications
** Rick Steves (formerly John Muir Publications)
* Basic Books
** Basic Civitas
** Seal Press
* DaCapo
* Hachette Books
* Running Press
* PublicAffairs
** Nation Books

### Former imprints

Before Avalon Publishing Group was integrated into the Perseus Books Group, it published on 14 imprint presses. In 2007, some of these imprints were integrated into the Perseus Books Group, while others folded or were sold to other companies. Perseus also sold one of their imprints in the restructuring process.

#### Avalon Publishing Group

* Axoplasm
* Black Square Editions
* Blue Moon Books
* Carroll & Graf Publishers — acquired in 1998, folded in 2007
* Four Walls Eight Windows — absorbed into Thunder's Mouth Press in 2004
* Marlowe & Company — absorbed into the DaCapo imprint
* No Exit Press
* Seal Press
* Shoemaker & Hoard Publishers — sold to Counterpoint LLC
* Thunder's Mouth Press — folded in 2007

#### Perseus Books Group

* Counterpoint Press — sold to Counterpoint LLC
* Vanguard Press started in 2007, closed in 2012
* Weinstein Books - closed in 2017
* Westview - sold to Taylor & Francis and absorbed into Routledge

## Distribution

Perseus previously owned separate book distribution companies.
* Publishers Group West (PGW), founded in 1976, based in Berkeley, California.
* Consortium Book Sales and Distribution, founded in 1985, based in St. Paul, Minnesota.
* Perseus Distribution, founded in 1999, based in New York City.
* Legato Publishers Group, founded in 2013, based in Chicago.