OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1783 in Wales

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1783 to Wales and its people.

## Incumbents

* Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey - Sir Nicholas Bayly, 2nd Baronet (until 1 August) Henry Paget (from 1 August)
* Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire and Monmouthshire – Charles Morgan of Dderw
* Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire - Thomas Bulkeley, 7th Viscount Bulkeley
* Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne
* Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – John Vaughan
* Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire - Richard Myddelton
* Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire - Sir Roger Mostyn, 5th Baronet
* Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – John Stuart, Lord Mountstuart
* Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire - Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet
* Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – George Herbert, 2nd Earl of Powis
* Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir Hugh Owen, 5th Baronet
* Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – Edward Harley, 4th Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
* Bishop of Bangor – John Moore (until 26 April) John Warren (from 26 April)
* Bishop of Llandaff – Richard Watson
* Bishop of St Asaph – Jonathan Shipley
* Bishop of St Davids – Edward Smallwell (from 6 July)

## Events

* 20 August - Thomas Charles marries Sally Jones and settles in Bala.
* 26 September - Industrialist and slave-owner Richard Pennant is created 1st Baron Penrhyn in the county of Lough.
* Welsh emigrant Evan Williams founds a whiskey distillery in Bardstown, Kentucky, United States, which will still be operating in the 21st century.

## Arts and literature
### New books

* Julia Ann Hatton - Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects

### Music

* Evan Hughes (Hughes Fawr) - Rhai Hymnau Newyddion o Fawl i'r Oen

## Births

* 11 February - Thomas Richard, minister (died 1856)
* 16 March - Henry Williams-Wynn, politician (died 1856)
* May - Cadwaladr Jones, minister and literary editor (died 1867)
* unknown dates
** Hugh Jones, archdeacon of Essex (died 1869)

## Deaths

* 19 June - Henry Lloyd, soldier and military writer
* 7 August - Thomas Llewellyn, Baptist minister and writer, 63?
* 2 September - Edward Edwards, academic
* 6 September - Anna Williams, friend of Dr Johnson, 77?
* 16 December - Sir William James, 1st Baronet, naval commander, 61-62
# Takic languages

The Takic languages are a putative group of Uto-Aztecan languages historically spoken by a number of Indigenous peoples of Southern California. Takic is grouped with the Tubatulabal, Hopi, and Numic languages in the northern branch of the Uto-Aztecan family.

## Distribution

Prior to European contact, the Takic languages were spoken along coastal California between modern Malibu and Carlsbad and on the Southern Channel Islands. The Takic languages also were spoken in the Southern California interior, in portions of the Coachella Valley, Mojave Desert and Tehachapi Mountains.

## List of Takic languages

* Cahuilla language
* Cupeño language
* Luiseño language
* Serrano language
* Tongva language
* Kitanemuk language
* Tataviam language ?
* Nicoleño language ?

## Classification

As classified by Victor Golla.
* Takic
** Serrano-Kitanemuk group
*** Serrano-Vanyume †
**** Serrano dialect
**** Vanyume (Desert Serrano) dialect
*** Kitanemuk †
** Tataviam (?) †
** Tongva †
*** Gabrielino dialect cluster
*** Fernandeño dialect
** Cupan group
*** Luiseño-Juaneño
**** Luiseño dialect cluster
**** Juaneño (Ajachemem) dialect †
*** Cahuilla
**** Mountain Cahuilla dialect
**** Pass (Wanikik) Cahuilla dialect †
**** Desert Cahuilla dialect
*** Cupeño †

## Morphology

Takic languages are agglutinative languages, where words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together.

## History

Historians have long recognized that Takic-speaking peoples arrived in their current placement following a southward migration from a desert homeland. This migration is termed the Takic expansion.
According to the model developed by anthropologist Mark Q. Sutton, proto-Gabrielino-Cupan speakers of the western Mojave Desert and Southern San Joaquin Valley were pushed southwards around 3,500 BP by expanding and migrating Chumash and Penutian peoples. Displaced, this population moved into coastal Southern California, replacing existing Millingstone peoples. By 3,200 BP, the group had further expanded to the Southern Channel Islands.
Around 1,500 BP, the proto-Gabrielino language diffused southwards and was adopted by a Yuman population, forming proto-Cupan. By 1000, this language had diverged into Luiseño and proto-Cahuilla-Cupeño. The latter diffused eastwards.
Contemporaneously, Kitanemuk, which had remained in the pre-expansion Takic homeland, diverged and diffused eastwards to two Millingstone, Yuman populations. These populations would later become the Vanyume and Serrano.
# Minowa Station

Minowa Station (三ノ輪駅, Minowa-eki) is a subway station in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyo Metro. It is close to Minowabashi Station on the Tokyo Sakura Tram.

## History

The station opened on 28 March 1961, as part of the original five-station section of the Hibiya line from Naka-Okachimachi to Minami-Senju.
The station facilities were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.
In the 2015 data available from Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Minowa → Iriya was one of the train segments among Tokyo's most crowded train lines during rush hour.

## Lines

Minowa Station is served by the Hibiya Line, and is 2.9 km from the northern starting point of the line at Kita-Senju. Since the opening of Toranomon Hills on 6 June 2020, the station code is H-20.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.

### Platforms

| 1 | H Hibiya Line | for Ueno, Ginza, and Naka-Meguro |
| 2 | H Hibiya Line | for Kita-Senju TS Tobu Skytree Line for Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen TN Tobu Nikko Line for Minami-Kurihashi |
* Entrance No.2, August 2015
* The ticket barriers, August 2015
* A view of the platforms, April 2024

## Surrounding area

* Minowabashi Station (Tokyo Sakura Tram) (approximately 5 minutes' walk)
* San'ya district
* Yoshiwara district
# TW Horologii

TW Horologii is a carbon star and semiregular variable in the southern constellation of Horologium, near the eastern constellation border with Reticulum. It has a ruddy hue and, with an apparent visual magnitude that ranges from 5.52 down to 5.95, is visible to the naked eye and one of the brightest carbon stars. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 1,370 light years from the Sun. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +14 km/s. In the past this star has been considered a member of the open cluster NGC 1252, but this now seems unlikely.
This is an aging red giant star on the asymptotic giant branch with a stellar classification of C-N4IIIb: and a C$_2$ index of C$_2$3.5. It has been listed as a standard star for that MK spectral class. The star is classified as a semiregular variable of type SRb and has a periodicity of 158 days. It has expanded to 303 times the radius of the Sun and, on average, is radiating 6,700 times the Sun's luminosity from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,000 K. If it replaced the Solar System, the perihelion of Mars would be inside the star. The short-lived element technetium has been observed in the spectrum, an indicator of thermal pulses during helium shell burning.
Based on the detection of excess ultraviolet excess, it is most likely a binary star system. An analysis of the motion of TW Horologii suggests a low-mass companion, although the UV excess suggests it is hot.
In 2013 the luminosity of Mira variables, based on Hipparcos parallaxes, was used to calibrate a Period-luminosity relationship for carbon stars. The absolute magnitude of TW Horologii was calculated to be −1.79.
# Philadelphia Board of Education

The Philadelphia Board of Education serves as the board of education (school board) for the School District of Philadelphia.
The Board was originally established in the Charter of the Erection of the District in 1818. In 2001, The Governor of Pennsylvania Mark Schweiker took control of the schools and therefore established the School Reform Commission. Governor Tom Wolf relinquished control of the district to recreate a City-run Board of Education.
The Board is appointed for a 4-year term by the Mayor of Philadelphia, and confirmed by the Philadelphia City Council. The Current Board was appointed by Cherelle Parker in 2024.

## Board Members

The Board is currently made up of 9 members including one president and vice president.
| Name | Title | Since |
| Reginald L. Streater, Esq. | Board President | 2021 |
| Wanda Novalés | Board Vice President | 2024 |
| Sarah Ashley-Andrews | Board Member | 2022 |
| Crystal Cubbage | Board Member | 2024 |
| Cheryl Harper | Board Member | 2024 |
| Whitney Jones | Board Member | 2024 |
| ChauWing Lam | Board Member | 2024 |
| Joan N. Stern | Board Member | 2024 |
| Joyce Wilkerson | Board Member | 2018 |

## Student Board Members

The Board appoints 3 Student Representatives to the Board every year to represent the 198,000 students in the District.
| Name | Title | School | Since |
| Jake Benny | Student Board Representative | Central High School | 2024 |
| Kenzy Ahmed | Student Board Representative | Northeast High School | 2024 |
| Charles Rinker | Student Board Representative | Franklin Learning Center | 2024 |
# Play! Pavilion

Play! was an announced pavilion that was set to open in Epcot's World Discovery area. Originally planned to open in 2021, the attraction missed its opening window without any formal announcement of a delay. In January 2023, Play! was removed from EPCOT guide maps following over three years without the attraction being mentioned by Disney. Later that month, Disney officially announced that the attraction's concept was being reevaluated. As originally announced, Play was set to be constructed within the former Wonders of Life pavilion and themed as an interactive futuristic city where guests would be able to interact with a variety of Disney characters.

## Overview

According to concept artwork by Walt Disney Imagineering, the pavilion as originally announced was planned to contain:
* An Animation Academy-like experience where Edna Mode teaches guests to draw.
* Hotel Heist- An interactive game hosted by Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde from Zootopia.
* An Arcade
* Monorail Mark X
* A water balloon fight video game experience with various Disney characters.
Other potential attractions included meet and greets for Wreck-It-Ralph, Vanellope von Schweetz, Joy, Sadness and Baymax.
# Jewelpet Attack Travel!

Jewelpet Attack Travel! (ジュエルペット あたっくとらべる!, Juerupetto Atakku Toraberu!) is a 2022 Japanese animated fantasy comedy film directed by Hiroshi Negishi and produced by Ashi Productions. It premiered on the internet streaming site Niconico on 14 May 2022. Attack Travel! is the first anime project in the Jewelpet franchise (created as a joint venture between Sanrio and Sega Toys) in seven years; originally meant to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the franchise being adapted for television.
It was first set for release on February 7, 2020, and would have been attached to the first feature film from Negishi's Zero-G animation studio, an original project titled Kukuriraige: Sanxingdui Fantasy (ククリレイジュ〜三星堆伝奇〜, Kukurireiju: Sanseitai Denki). The same year on January 24, Sanrio and Aeon Entertainment announced that both projects had been removed from the 2020 release schedule.

## Synopsis

Ruby and her friends are going on a school trip with Teacher Iruka to Sichuan Province in China. However, there is something unnatural about the tour conductor, driver, and guide on their sightseeing bus as it heads towards its final destination.
# Hérens cattle

The Hérens (Eringer in German) is a breed of cattle named after the Val d'Hérens region of Switzerland. These small, horned alpine cattle are coloured black, brown or dark red, often with a lighter stripe along the spine. The cows are used in organised cow fights.

## Characteristics

Hérens Cattle are one of the smallest cattle breeds in Europe. Their fur is dark red to brown or black, with pied animals being very uncommon. Newborn calves are red with a dark stripe along the back, with the colours reversing as they grow. A distinguishing feature is the short and broad head, with a concave front line. The animals are very muscular, with both sexes sporting strong horns.
Bulls typically reach a height of 125–134 cm, weighing 650–700 kg. Cows reach 118–128 cm and 500–600 kg. The cattle are bred primarily for beef, but the cows produce around 3,200 kg of milk per year. They are well adapted to pasture in alpine altitudes.

## Breeding history

Blood typing shows the Hérens to be distinct from other Swiss breeds but similar to the Tuxer breed from the Zillertal in Austria. In 1884 a breeding standard was introduced for this old breed. In 1917 a specialised breeding union was founded.
Hérens cattle were often cross bred with other cattle breeds in the alpine region. For example, Tux Cattle, Évolène Cattle, and Pustertal Pied Cattle may be partially related to the Hérens. The population of Herens has decreased since the 1960s. In the year 2000 the population was about 13,500 animals. Pure-bred bulls are bred at an insemination station in Neuchâtel. There is a breed society in the United States.

## Cow fighting

The Hérens is well known for the high aggression of its females. In spring, cows and heifers are made to fight one against another in five weight classes in the local tradition of "cow fighting". The winners are sold for high prices. Today cow fights are a major tourist attraction in the Valais.
# World Assembly of Islamic Awakening

World Assembly of Islamic Awakening (Persian: مجمع جهانی بیداری اسلامی) is an Islamic-assembly founded in 2011 to ensure continuous communication and development of "Islamic Awakening Movement". The secretariat of the assembly is located in Tehran, Iran. The senior adviser to the Supreme Leader (of Iran) in international affairs, Ali Akbar Velayati, is the secretary-general of the convention(s).
The World Assembly of Islamic Awakening comprises 40 members, and was established simultaneously with the wave of Islamic movement in Tehran; with the goal of "preventing regional developments from deviating from their path" and "unity of the Islamic Ummah and rapprochement between religions", in addition to "transparency/information/confrontation with anti-Islamic currents" that seek to challenge the Islamic awakening.
# Bahadrabad

Bahadrabad is an intermediate Village Panchayat in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. It is one of the six development blocks in Haridwar district under which many developed villages come, including Atmalpur Bongla, Rohalki-Kishanpur, Alipur, Garhmeerpur, Khedli, Sitapur.
It was also a Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituency in Haridwar district before 2012.
Bahadrabad is situated at a distance of 11 km from Haridwar, between the towns of Haridwar and Roorkee on the National Highway 58, between Delhi and Manna Pass. It is neighbouring towns are, Pathri, Jhabrera, Narsan, Jwalapur and Mohanpur Mohammadpur

## History

Bahadrabad, formerly known as Bahadurabad, after the founder of the village Thakur Bahadur Singh, who moved the village from a few miles south and established it at this point after a river turned its course and destroyed the previous settlement. The village was established in the late 19th Century with the temple premises at the heart of the village.

## Education

* Uttarakhand Sanskrit University
* Mount Litera, Alipur
* Royal Public School
* Rastriye Inter College
* Bal Sadan Junior high school
* Maa Saraswati Public Sr. Sec. School
* Maa Saraswati Junior High School

## Demographics

According to 2011 census total population is 10232.
Religions in Bahadarabad :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hindus | Hindus | 50% | 50% |
| Muslims | Muslims | 49% | 49% |
| Jains | Jains | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| Others† | Others† | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| Distribution of religions †Includes Sikhs (0.2%), Buddhists (<0.2%). |||||

## Irrigation

Close by, in village Pathri, lies the Pathri Power Plant on the Upper Ganges Canal, which started in 1955.
Uttarakhand Irrigation Research Institute, founded in 1928 in Lucknow, was shifted here in 1946. Later its research unit in Roorkee was established as a full-fledged institute in 1954. Today, hydraulics model studies are carried out at its Hydraulic Research Station at Bahadrabad.

## Industry

Integrated Industrial Estate of the (State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarankhand) is situated close to Bahadrabad. Bahadrabad also has a small but old industrial setup known as the Bahdrabad Industrial Area, which has Indane Gas Plant and Modern Bread Factory.
# Tōbu-Utsunomiya Station

Tōbu-Utsunomiya Station (東武宇都宮駅, Tōbu-Utsunomiya-eki) is a railway station in the city of Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway. The station is numbered "TN-40".

## Lines

Tōbu-Utsunomiya Station forms the northern terminus of the 24.3 km Tobu Utsunomiya Line from Shin-Tochigi.

## Station layout

The station consists of a bay platform located on the second floor ("2F") level, serving two terminating tracks. There is a single storage track on the west side, with no platform.

### Platforms

| 2/3 | ■ Tobu Utsunomiya Line | for Shin-Tochigi |

## History

Tobu-Utsunomiya opened on 11 August 1931.
From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on Tobu lines, with Tobu-Utsunomiya Station becoming "TN-40".

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 9604 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

The station is located in the same building as the Tobu Department Store in the commercial centre of the city of Utsunomiya. JR East's Utsunomiya Station is located 1.6 km east of the station and connected with this station by frequent bus services.
* Tochigi Prefectural Capital building
* Utsunomiya City Hall
* Utsunomiya Central Post Office
* Site of former Utsunomiya Castle
# Alethe

Alethe may refer to:
* Alethe (genus), a genus of birds in the family Muscicapidae
* Birds of the genus Chamaetylas (formerly included in the genus Alethe)
# 1770 in Wales

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1770 to Wales and its people.

## Incumbents

* Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey - Sir Nicholas Bayly, 2nd Baronet
* Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire and Monmouthshire – Thomas Morgan of Rhiwpera
* Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire - Thomas Wynn
* Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne
* Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – George Rice
* Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire - Richard Myddelton
* Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire - Sir Roger Mostyn, 5th Baronet
* Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Other Windsor, 4th Earl of Plymouth
* Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire - William Vaughan
* Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis
* Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir William Owen, 4th Baronet
* Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – Edward Harley, 4th Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
* Bishop of Bangor – John Ewer
* Bishop of Llandaff – Shute Barrington
* Bishop of St Asaph – Jonathan Shipley
* Bishop of St Davids – Charles Moss

## Events

* September - Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet, holds his legendary coming-of-age party, to which 15,000 guests are invited. Three coachloads of cooks are sent from London to provide the refreshments, and a hall is built especially for the occasion at Wynnstay.
* Approximate date - Bridge at Pontardawe built by William Edwards.

## Arts and literature
### New books

* Robert Jones (Calvinistic Methodist) - Lleferydd yr Asyn
* Thomas Meredith - An Illustration of Several Texts of Scripture
* John Walters - A Dissertation on the Welsh Language
* Sir John Wynn, 1st Baronet - History of the Gwydir Family (posthumously published)

### Music

* Daines Barrington - Some Account of Two Musical Instruments Used in Wales

## Births

* 15 January - Sir John Edwards, 1st Baronet, of Garth, politician (died 1850)
* 8 April - John Jenkins (Ifor Ceri), antiquarian (died 1829)
* 14 April - John Evans, explorer (died 1799)
* 30 April - David Thompson, explorer (died 1857)

## Deaths

* 13 January - Howel Davies, Methodist leader, about 54
* 19 June - Thomas Williams, Congregational minister, about 45
* 8 August - John Jones, clergyman and author, 70
# Siege of Breme (1638)

The Siege of Breme (13–26 March 1638) was undertaken by Spanish forces under the Marquis of Leganés, Governor of Milan during the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659), although it was Martín de Aragón, as capitán general of Cavalry, who is credited with putting an end to the siege.
Breme, in Lombardy, is located on the border between the Duchy of Milan and Montferrat. The Fortress of Breme, having been taken by the French and reconquered by the Spanish after a long and bloody siege, was an important pentagonal fortress (trace italienne) that covered Cazal and Vercelli, and also defended both Montferrat and the Piedmont.
After being sent to aid the beleaguered fortress, the French military commander, the Duke of Lesdiguieres (also known as Marshal Créquy) was killed there while reconnoitring, on 17 March 1638.
The French garrison, under the governor Mongallar, comprised 1,800 men. When they capitulated, they were allowed to march out with their arms. They left behind 17 artillery pieces. Leganés then left a garrison of 2,000 infantes and two companies of horse.

## Besieging force

The field officers, or higher, including the captains of the tercios that took part, or whose units were present at the siege, included the following:
* Marquis of Leganés
* Felipe da Silva
* Martín de Aragón
* Francisco de Orozco, 2nd Marquis of Mortara
* Ferrante Limonti (Limonte)
* Vicente Gonzaga
* Álvaro de Quiñones
* Tiberio Brancaccio
* Juan Vázquez Coronado
* Carlos de la Gata (Carlo della Gata)
* Antonio Sottello (Sotelo)
* Antonio Bolognino (Count Boloñín)
* Colonel Gil de Hays (Gil de Aix or Ays)
* Prince Borso d'Este
On his way to the siege, Tiberio Brancaccio's tercio stopped off at the fortress at Sartirana Lomellina, whose garrison of 60 men and their captain they captured after a few exchanges of cannon fire.
While at Breme, Leganés also took the fortress at Verrua (10 April) and at Crescentino (11 April).
Following his success at Breme, Leganés then prepared to besiege Vercelli, which he did from 26/7 May to 6 July 1638.
The Royal Collection Trust has two etchings and engravings, printed on paper, of the siege; one, a high oblique view, by Bernardino Bassano (fl. 1635-38), with a key in Italian and another, oriented with north to top, by Giovanni Paolo Bianchi (fl. 1617-54), with a key in Spanish. Both show the location where the French military commander (maresciallo Chirichi, in Italian) was killed.