# Status of First Nations treaties in British Columbia

The lack of treaties between the First Nations of British Columbia (BC) and the Canadian Crown is a long-standing problem that became a major issue in the 1990s. In 1763, the British Crown declared that only it could acquire land from First Nations through treaties. Historically, only two treaties were signed with the First Nations of British Columbia. The first of these was the Douglas Treaties, negotiated by Sir James Douglas with the native people of southern Vancouver Island from 1850 to 1854. The second treaty, Treaty 8, signed in 1899, was part of the Numbered Treaties that were signed with First Nations across the Prairie regions. British Columbian Treaty 8 signatories are located in the Peace River Country or the far north-east of BC. For over nine decades no more treaties were signed with First Nations of BC; many Native people wished to negotiate treaties, but successive BC provincial governments refused until the 1990s. A major development was the 1997 decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in the Delgamuukw v. British Columbia case that Aboriginal title still exists in British Columbia and that when dealing with Crown land, the government must consult with and may have to compensate First Nations whose rights are affected.

## History

In 1991, a Report by the BC Claims Task Force was released recommending a treaty commission be set up. The British Crown passed its authority to negotiate treaties to Canada when it was created in 1867. Even though only the Canadian federal government has the authority to enter into treaties with First Nations in 1992 the newly created British Columbia Treaty Commission (BCTP) and BC Treaty Process included the BC provincial government in the process by agreement among Canada, BC and the First Nations. As of 2009 there are 60 First Nations participating in the BC treaty process. Because some First Nations negotiate at a common table, there are 49 sets of negotiations. From 1992 to 2009 there have been a few treaties completed including the Maa-nulth First Nations Treaty signed on April 9, 2009, and the Tsawwassen First Nation Treaty signed on April 3, 2009. Another Treaty was ratified outside the BC Treaty process in 1999, the Nisga'a Treaty. In May 1993 the Treaty Commission allocated approximately $432 million in negotiation support funding to more than 50 First Nations- $345.6 million in the form of loans and $86.4 million in the form of contributions. Of that money the Treaty Commission's total operating costs from 1993 to March 31, 2009 has spent $34.2 million.
There is considerable disagreement about treaty negotiations; while polls have shown that 25% of British Columbians are opposed to it, a substantial minority of native people consider the current treaty process inadequate and have therefore refused to participate. Tapping into this public sentiment in 2002, the BC Liberal Party mailed out ballots for a provincial British Columbia Aboriginal treaty referendum on principles for treaty negotiations, sparking protests and a boycott. Because of the boycott and general public apathy only about a third of eligible voters took part in the referendum, which passed with 80% of those who responded voting "Yes" to continuing the Treaty Process.
A November 21, 2007 court ruling threatened the Treaty Process. The judge ruled that the Xeni Gwet'in First Nation could demonstrate Aboriginal title to half of the Nemaiah Valley, and that the province had no power over these lands. Under the BC treaty process, negotiating nations have received as little as 5% of their claimed land recognized. Grand Chief Stewart Phillip, president of the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs, member governments of which reject the treaty process and remain outside it, has called the court victory a "nail in the coffin" of the B.C. treaty process. He went on to say, "Why would any First Nation be foolish enough to ratify any [treaty] settlement for less than five per cent of their territory when the Xeni Gwet'in [have] achieved recognition of their title to 50 per cent of their territory?"
Even with the Xeni Gwet'in ruling First Nations across BC are still continuing the Treaty process advancing through the six-stage process to eventual Treaty implementation. While Chief Stewart Phillip had claimed that the First Nations themselves would slow down or leave the treaty process it is the Canadian government who is holding up many of the treaties.

## BC Treaty negotiation stages

In 1992 the Treaty Commission and the treaty process were established in by agreement among Canada, British Columbia and the First Nations Summit. Through the Treaty Commission a process was reached where treaties would follow a six-stage system to successful negotiation.
| Stage number | Stage name | Description |
| Stage 1 | Statement of Intent to Negotiate | A First Nation submits a statement of intent (SOI) stating, among other things, who is claiming, proof that the negotiating party is supported by the community and where the claim will be made. |
| Stage 2 | Readiness to Negotiate | Within 45 days of submitting the SOI the parties must sit down and show that all parties have the will and resources to negotiate a treaty. |
| Stage 3 | Negotiation of a Framework Agreement | Basically the "table of contents" of a comprehensive treaty. The three parties agree on the subjects to be negotiated and an estimated time frame for stage four agreement-in-principle negotiations. |
| Stage 4 | Negotiation of an Agreement in Principle | The negotiating parties examine in detail the elements outlined in their framework agreement with the goal of solving the all problems and creating a working treaty. |
| Stage 5 | Negotiation to Finalize a Treaty | The treaty for all intents and purposes is finished at this stage. The treaty has to be approved by all parties of the negotiating team. |
| Stage 6 | Implementation of the Treaty | Applying and running the First Nation as set out by the treaty. |

## First Nation treaty status

| First Nation | Treaty Council affiliation(s) | Region/Location | Treaty Status | Date | Details |
| Acho Dene Koe First Nation | Deh Cho First Nations Tribal Council | Peace Country (NE BC & Alberta)/NWT/Yukon | Stage 2 | | |
| Adams Lake Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Shuswap | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Ahousaht First Nation | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Aitchelitz Band | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Stage 4 | | |
| Alexandria First Nation | Tsilhqot'in Tribal Council | Cariboo/Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Alexis Creek First Nation | Tsilhqot'in Tribal Council | Chilcotin | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Ashcroft Indian Band | Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Beecher Bay Indian Band | | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Te'mexw Treaty Association; Renegotiating in the BC Treaty Process, presently at Stage 4 |
| Blueberry River First Nations | Treaty 8 Tribal Association | Peace River Country | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June 21, 1899 | Discussions with BC and Canada outside the treaty process to adjust Treaty 8. |
| Bonaparte Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Boothroyd Indian Band | Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council | Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Boston Bar Indian Band | Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council | Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Bridge River Indian Band | Lillooet Tribal Council | Bridge River-Lillooet Country/Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Burns Lake Indian Band | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | The Interior | Stage 4 | | |
| Esketemc First Nation | unaffiliated | Cariboo, Williams Lake | Stage 4 | | negotiating independently |
| Cacli'p/Xaxli'p First Nation | Lillooet Tribal Council | Lillooet Country/Fraser Canyon | Stage 3 | | As of March 2001, the Xaxli'p First Nation left the negotiating table. |
| Campbell River First Nation (Wei Wai Kum) | Kwakiutl District Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Hamatla Treaty Society In suspension |
| Canim Lake Band | Northern Shuswap Tribal Council | Cariboo | Stage 4 | | Community voted to proceed to Stage 5 of BCTC process in February, 2016 |
| Canoe Creek Band/Dog Creek Indian Band | Northern Shuswap Tribal Council | Cariboo | Stage 4 | | Community voted to proceed into Stage 5 negotiations in February, 2016 |
| Cape Mudge First Nation (Wei Wai Kai) | Kwakiutl District Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Hamatla Treaty Society; In suspension |
| Carcross/Tagish First Nation | Northern Regional Negotiations Table | Atlin Country/Yukon | Stage 4 | | |
| Cayoose Creek First Nation | Lillooet Tribal Council | Lillooet Country/Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Champagne and Aishihik First Nations | | Atlin Country/Yukon | Stage 4 | | Northern Regional Negotiations Table |
| Chawathil First Nation | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Cheam Indian Band | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Chehalis First Nation | no affiliation | Fraser Valley | No Information | | |
| Chemainus First Nation | Naut'sa mawt Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group |
| Cheslatta Indian Band | unaffiliated | The Interior | Stage 3 | | Negotiating independently |
| Coldwater Indian Band | Nicola Tribal Association | Nicola Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Columbia Lake First Nation | Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council | Kootenays | Stage 4 | | Also known as ?Akisq'nuk First Nation |
| Cook's Ferry Indian Band | Nicola Tribal Association | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Cowichan Tribes | | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group; Cowichan Tribes is the largest First Nation band in BC with 4,324 members |
| Da'naxda'xw Awaetlatla Nation | | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Winalagalis Treaty Group |
| Dease River First Nation | Kaska Nation | Cassiar Country | Stage 4 | | Negotiations are suspended until Canada resolves legal issues related to Yukon, BC boundaries. |
| Ditidaht First Nation | | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Non-member affiliate of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council |
| Doig River First Nation | Treaty 8 Tribal Association | Peace River Country | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June 21, 1899 | Discussions with BC and Canada outside the treaty process to adjust Treaty 8. |
| Douglas First Nation | In-SHUCK-ch Nation, Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council | Lower Lillooet River Valley | Stage 5 | | |
| Ehattesaht First Nation | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Esquimalt First Nation | | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | |
| Fort Nelson First Nation | | Peace River Country | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June 21, 1899 | Negotiating independently |
| Gitanmaax Band Council | | Skeena Country, Gitanmaax | Stage 4 | | Gitxsan Treaty Society |
| Gitanyow First Nation | | Skeena Country | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently |
| Gitsegukla Indian Band | | Skeena Country, Kitsegeucla | Stage 4 | | Gitxsan Treaty Society |
| Gitwangak Indian Band | | Skeena Country, Kitwanga | Stage 4 | | Gitxsan Treaty Society |
| Gitxaala Nation | | North Coast | Not participating in treaty process | | Also known as Kitkatla First Nation Formerly part of the Gitxsan Treaty Society |
| Glen Vowell Indian Band | | Skeena Country | Stage 4 | | Gitxsan Treaty Society |
| Gwa'sala-'Nakwaxda'xw Nation | Kwakiutl District Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Also affiliated with the Winalagalis Treaty Group |
| Gwawaenuk Tribe | | Vancouver Island | No Information | | INAC number - 627 |
| Halfway River First Nation | Treaty 8 Tribal Association | Peace River Country | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June 21, 1899 | Discussions with BC and Canada outside the treaty process to adjust Treaty 8. |
| Hagwilget Village First Nation | Office of the Wet'suwet'en | Bulkley Country/Skeena Country | Stage 4 | | |
| Halalt First Nation | | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group |
| Hartley Bay Indian Band | | British Columbia Coast | Stage 4 | | Tsimshian First Nations; Also known as the Gitga'at Nation and Gitga'at First Nation |
| Heiltsuk Nation | | Central Coast, Bella Bella | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently |
| Hesquiaht First Nation | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| High Bar First Nation | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Fraser Canyon/Cariboo | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Homalco Indian Band | Naut'sa mawt Tribal Council | Sunshine Coast | Stage 4 | | |
| Hupacasath First Nation | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council but Negotiating independently | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Huu-ay-aht First Nation | Maa-nulth Treaty Society | Vancouver Island | Stage 6 | April 9, 2009 | |
| Iskut First Nation | Tahltan Nation | Stikine Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Kamloops Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Kanaka Bar Indian Band | Fraser Canyon Indian Administration | Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Katzie First Nation | | Fraser Valley, Pitt Meadows | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently |
| Kispiox Band Council | | Skeena Country, Kispiox | Stage 4 | | Gitxsan Treaty Society |
| Haisla Nation | | British Columbia Coast | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently |
| Kitselas First Nation | Tsimshian First Nations | British Columbia Coast | Stage 4 | | |
| Kitasoo/Xaixais First Nation | Oweekeno-Kitasoo-Nuxalk Tribal Council | Bella Coola, Central Coast | Stage 4 | | Also part of the Tsimshian First Nations |
| Kitsumkalum First Nation | | Skeena Country | Stage 4 | | Tsimshian First Nations |
| Klahoose First Nation | Naut'sa mawt Tribal Council | Sunshine Coast | Stage 4 | | |
| Kluskus First Nation | Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council | | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| K'ómoks (Comox) First Nation | Kwakiutl District Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | in suspension |
| Kwadacha First Nation | Kaska Nation | Cassiar Country | Stage 4 | | Negotiations are suspended until Canada resolves legal issues related to Yukon, BC boundaries. |
| Kwakiutl First Nation | | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | in suspension |
| Kwantlen First Nation | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Kwaw-kwaw-a-pilt First Nation | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Kwiakah First Nations | Hamatla Treaty Society | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | In suspension |
| Kwicksutaineuk-ah-kwa-mish First Nation | Musgamagw Tsawataineuk Tribal Council | Vancouver Island/Queen Charlotte Strait | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Kwikwetlem First Nation | Sto:lo (unaffiliated) | Fraser Valley, Coquitlam/Port Coquitlam | No Information | | INAC number - 560 |
| Kyuquot/Cheklesahht First Nation | Maa-nulth Treaty Society | Vancouver Island | Stage 6 | April 9, 2009 | |
| Lake Babine Nation | Negotiating independently | Omineca Country/Bulkley Country | Stage 4 | | |
| Lake Cowichan First Nation | Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Lax-kw'alaams First Nation | Negotiating independently | North Coast | Stage 2 | | |
| Leq'a:mel First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley, Nicomen Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Lheidli T'enneh Band | Negotiating independently | Prince George | Stage 5 | | On March 30, 2007, the Lheidli T'enneh Band held a ratification vote on the Final Agreement. With a final count of 123 against and 111 in favour, the Lheidli T'enneh community did not ratify the Final Agreement. |
| Liard First Nation | Kaska Tribal Council | Cassiar Country | Stage 2 | | |
| Lil'wat Nation | Lillooet Tribal Council | Pemberton Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | aka the Lil'wat Nation or the Mount Currie Indian Band |
| Little Shuswap Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Shuswap Country, Chase | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Lower Kootenay First Nation | Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council | Kootenays | Stage 4 | | |
| Lower Nicola First Nation | Nicola Tribal Association | Nicola Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Lower Post First Nation | Kaska Nation | Liard Country | Stage 4 (suspended) | | Canada does not classify the Lower Post First Nation as a band, but rather as one of eight reserves belonging to the Yukon-based Liard First Nation. Negotiations are suspended until Canada resolves legal issues related to Yukon, BC boundaries. |
| Lower Similkameen Indian Band | Okanagan Nation Alliance | Similkameen Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Lyackson First Nation | Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Lytton First Nation | unaffiliated | Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| McLeod Lake Indian Band | Treaty 8 | Northern Interior | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June, 2000 | The McLeod Nation was originally left out of the Treaty 8 bill even though they live on its land. The McLeod Lake Indian Band Treaty No. 8 Adhesion and Settlement Agreement rectified this oversight. |
| Malahat First Nation | Te'mexw Treaty Association | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Renegotiating in the BC Treaty Process, presently at Stage 4 |
| Mamalilikulla-Qwe'Qwa'Sot'Em First Nation | Kwakiutl District Council | Vancouver Island | No Information | | INAC number - 629 |
| Matsqui First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley, Matsqui | Not participating in treaty process | | One of four Sto:lo Nation members not in the treaty process |
| Metlakatla First Nation | Tsimshian First Nations | British Columbia Coast | Stage 4 | | |
| Mowachaht/Muchalaht First Nations | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Musqueam Indian Band | Negotiating independently | Fraser Valley, Vancouver | Stage 4 | | |
| Nadleh Whut'en First Nation | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | Central Interior | Stage 4 | | Until 1990, it was referred to as the Fraser Lake Indian Band. |
| Nak'azdli Band | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | Central Interior | Stage 4 | | |
| ‘Namgis First Nation | Musgamagw Tsawataineuk Tribal Council | Alert Bay, Vancouver Island | Stage 4-No longer negotiating | | |
| Nanoose First Nation | Te'mexw Treaty Association | Nanoose Bay, Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Renegotiating in the BC Treaty Process, presently at Stage 4 |
| Nazko First Nation | The Interior | Negotiating independently | Stage 4 | | Is a member of the Carrier-Chilcotin Tribal Council |
| Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band | | The Interior | No Information | | INAC number - 726 |
| Neskonlith Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Shuswap Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Nicomen Indian Band | Fraser Canyon Indian Administration, Nicola Tribal Association | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Nisga'a Tribal Council | Negotiated independently | North Coast, Nass Country | Stage 6 | May 11, 2000 | Nisga'a Final Agreement |
| N'quatqua First Nation | Negotiating independently | Bridge River Country | No Information | | INAC number - 556 |
| Nooaitch Indian Band | Nicola Tribal Association | Nicola Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Nuchatlaht First Nation | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Nuxálk Nation | Oweekeno-Kitasoo-Nuxalk Tribal Council | Bella Coola, Central Coast | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Okanagan Indian Band | Okanagan Nation Alliance | Okanagan, Vernon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Old Massett Village Council | Council of the Haida Nation | Haida Gwaii | Stage 2 | | In December 2009 a reconciliation protocol was signed outside of the BC Treaty Process between the BC government and the First Nations represented by the Haida Nation. Along a number of economic issues being settled an agreement was reached to rename the Queen Charlotte Islands to the Haida Gwaii. |
| Oregon Jack Creek Indian Band | Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Osoyoos Indian Band | Okanagan Nation Alliance | Okanagan | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Pacheedaht First Nation | Negotiating independently | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Not a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council and define themselves differently |
| Pauquachin | Sencot'en Alliance | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Fighting other First Nations over claims made in the BC Treaty process |
| Pavilion Indian Band | Lillooet Tribal Council | Lillooet Country/Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | Also known as Ts'kw'aylaxw First Nation |
| Penelakut First Nations | Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Penticton Indian Band | Okanagan Nation Alliance | Okanagan | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Peters Band | Sto:lo Nation unaffiliated | Fraser Valley | No Information | | INAC number - 586 |
| Popkum Band | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Stage 4 | | |
| Prophet River Band | Treaty 8 Tribal Association | Peace River Country | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June 21, 1899 | Discussions with BC and Canada outside the treaty process to adjust Treaty 8. |
| New Westminster Indian Band | Negotiating independently | Fraser Valley, New Westminster | The New Westminster Indian Band is not a legitimate First Nation, but is a composite band with no right to Indigenous Land. They are not officially involved in treaty negotiations | | |
| Qualicum First Nation | | Vancouver Island | No Information | | |
| Quatsino First Nation | Kwakiutl District Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Also affiliated with the Winalagalis Treaty Group |
| Red Bluff First Nation | Carrier-Chilcotin Tribal Council | | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Saik'uz First Nation | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | The Interior | Stage 4 | | |
| Samahquam First Nation | In-SHUCK-ch Nation/Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council | Lower Lillooet River Valley | Stage 5 | | |
| Saulteau First Nation | Treaty 8 Tribal Association | Peace River Country | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June 21, 1899 | Discussions with BC and Canada outside the treaty process to adjust Treaty 8. |
| Simpcw North Thompson Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process |
| Scowlitz First Nation | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process |
| Seabird Island Band | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Sechelt Indian Band | unaffiliatd | Sunshine Coast | Stage 5 | April 16, 1999 | Negotiating independently; Negotiations have been on hold since October 1999, when the Sechelt requested a break in final agreement negotiations in order to consult with their community members. |
| Semiahmoo First Nation | Sencot'en Alliance | Fraser Valley, White Rock | [] | 1852 | Sencot'en Alliance; Fighting other First Nations over claims made in the BC Treaty process |
| Seton Lake First Nation | Lillooet Tribal Council | Bridge River-Lillooet Country | Not participating in treaty process | | On November 4, 2008, The Province, Canada and the Seton Lake Indian Band celebrated the settlement of the remaining cut-off claims in British Columbia. |
| Shackan First Nation | Nicola Tribal Association | Nicola Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Shuswap Indian Band | Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council | Shuswap Country | Stage 4 | | Also part of the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council |
| Sinixt Nation | Sinixt Nation | West Kootenay | Not participating in treaty process | |
| Siska Indian Band | Nicola Tribal Association | Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Skatin First Nation | In-SHUCK-ch Nation/Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council | Lower Lillooet River Valley | Stage 5 | | |
| Skawahlook First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Stage 4 | | |
| Skeetchestn Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Thompson Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Skidegate Band Council | Council of the Haida Nation | Haida Gwaii | Stage 2 | | In December 2009 a reconciliation protocol was signed outside of the BC Treaty Process between the BC government and the First Nations represented by the Haida Nation. Along a number of economic issues being settled an agreement was reached to rename the Queen Charlotte Islands to the Haida Gwaii. |
| Skin Tyee First Nation | | Omineca Country/Nechako Country | No Information | | INAC number - 729 |
| Shxw'ow'hamel First Nation | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Skowkale First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Stage 4 | | |
| Skuppah First Nation | Fraser Canyon Indian Administration | Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Skwah First Nation | | Fraser Valley | No information | | Not to be confused with Skway or Shxwhá:y Village which is also located near Chilliwack in the Fraser Valley. |
| Shxwhá:y Village | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | One of four Sto:lo Nation members not in the treaty process Also known as the Skway First Nation. Not to be confused with Skwah which is also located near Chilliwack in the Fraser Valley. |
| Sliammon First Nation | | British Columbia | Stage 5 | December 6, 2003 | Negotiating independently |
| Snuneymuxw First Nation | | Vancouver Island, Nanaimo | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Negotiating independently; Renegotiating in the BC Treaty Process, presently at Stage 4 |
| Soda Creek/Deep Creek Band | Northern Shuswap Tribal Council | Cariboo | Stage 4 | | Community voted to proceed to Stage 5 BCTC negotiations, February 2016 |
| Songhees First Nation | | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Te'mexw Treaty Association; Renegotiating in the BC Treaty Process, presently at Stage 4 |
| Soowahlie First Nation | Stó:lō Tribal Council | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Spallumcheen Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Shuswap-Okanagan | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Spuzzum Indian Band | Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council and Fraser Canyon Indian Administration | Fraser Canyon | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Squamish Nation | unaffiliated | Howe Sound/Burrard Inlet | Stage 3 | | Negotiating independently |
| Squiala First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Not participating in treaty process | | One of four Sto:lo Nation members not in the treaty process |
| St. Mary's Indian Band | Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council | Kootenays | Stage 4 | | |
| Stellat'en First Nation | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | The Interior | Stage 4 | | Reserves 5 and 6 split from Nadleh Whut'en First Nation to make the Stellat'en First Nation. |
| Stone First Nation | Tsilhqot'in Tribal Council | Chilcotin | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Sumas First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley, Abbotsford | Not participating in treaty process | | One of four Sto:lo Nation members not in the treaty process |
| Tahltan First Nation | Tahltan Nation | Stikine Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Takla Lake First Nation | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | The Interior | Stage 4 | | |
| T'it'q'et First Nation | Lillooet Tribal Council | Lillooet Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| T'sou-ke Nation | unaffiliated | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Te'mexw Treaty Association; Renegotiating in the BC Treaty Process, presently at Stage 4 |
| Tl'azt'en Nation | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | The Interior | Stage 4 | | |
| Taku River Tlingit First Nation | | Atlin Country | Stage 4 | | Northern Regional Negotiations Table |
| Tl'etinqox-t'in Government Office | Tsilhqot'in Tribal Council | Chilcotin | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently |
| Tlatlasikwala Nation | Kwakiutl District Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Also affiliated with the Winalagalis Treaty Group |
| Tlowitsis Tribe | | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently |
| Tobacco Plains Indian Band | Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council | Kootenays | Stage 4 | | |
| Toosey First Nation | Chilcotin | | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently; Also known as the Tl'esqox First Nation |
| Toquaht First Nation | Maa-nulth Treaty Society | Vancouver Island | Stage 6 | April 9, 2009 | |
| Tsartlip | Sencot'en Alliance | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Sencot'en Alliance; Fighting other First Nations over claims made in the BC Treaty process |
| Tsawout | | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Sencot'en Alliance; Fighting other First Nations over claims made in the BC Treaty process |
| Tsawataineuk First Nation | Musgamagw Tsawataineuk Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Tsawwassen First Nation | | Fraser Valley, Delta | Stage 6 | April 3, 2009 | Negotiated independently |
| Tsay Keh Dene Band | unaffiliated | Northern Interior | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently |
| Tseshaht First Nation | Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council | Vancouver Island | Stage 4 | | |
| Tseycum First Nation | | Vancouver Island | Douglas Treaties | 1850-54 | Signatory in the Douglas Treaties 1850-54 |
| Tsleil-Waututh First Nation | Naut'sa mawt Tribal Council | Fraser Valley, Vancouver | Stage 4 | | Negotiating independently; Also known as the Burrard Indian Band |
| Tzeachten First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Stage 4 | | |
| Uchucklesaht First Nation | Maa-nulth Treaty Society | Vancouver Island | Stage 6 | April 9, 2009 | |
| Ulkatcho First Nation | Carrier-Chilcotin Tribal Council | | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Union Bar First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | No Information | | |
| Upper Nicola Indian Band | Nicola Tribal Association | Nicola Country | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Upper Similkameen Indian Band | Okanagan Nation Alliance | Nicola-Similkameen Country | Not participating in treaty process | | In 2001, the Upper Similkameen Indian Band (USIB) Cut-Off Claim Settlement Agreement was ratified by Canada, B.C. and the USIB. |
| West Moberly First Nations | | Peace River Country | Treaty 8, Treaty ratified | June 21, 1899 | Negotiating independently |
| Westbank First Nation | Okanagan Nation Alliance | Okanagan | Stage 4 | | |
| Wet'suwet'en First Nation | Carrier Sekani Tribal Council | The Interior | Stage 4 | | Formerly known as the Broman Lake Indian Band |
| Whispering Pines/Clinton Indian Band | Shuswap Nation Tribal Council | Thompson-Cariboo | Not participating in treaty process | | |
| Williams Lake Indian Band | Northern Shuswap Tribal Council | Cariboo | Stage 4 | | Also known as T'exelc, Sugarcane, The Cane or SCB: Community endorsed moving on to Stage 5 of the BC Treaty Process in April, 2016. |
| Witset First Nation | Office of the Wet'suwet'en | North Coast | Stage 4 | | |
| Wuikinuxv Nation | Negotiating independently | Central Coast, Rivers Inlet | Stage 4 | | Affiliate of the Oweekeno-Kitasoo-Nuxalk Tribal Council. Formerly the Oweekeno Nation. |
| Xeni Gwet'in First Nation | Tsilhqot'in Tribal Council | Chilcotin | Not participating in treaty process | | Under that BC Treaty Process, bands have received title to about five per cent of the land they have claimed plus cash. In 2007 the Xeni Gwet'in First Nation won a court ruling that gave them 50% of their claim. |
| Yakweakwioose First Nation | Sto:lo Nation | Fraser Valley | Stage 4 | | |
| Yale First Nation | Negotiating independently | Fraser Canyon | Stage 6 | February 5, 2010 | Implementation halted, agreement not in full force and effect. |
| Yekooche First Nation | Negotiating independently | Omineca Country | Stage 5 | | |
| Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ (Ucluelet First Nation) | Maa-nulth Treaty Society | Vancouver Island | Stage 6 | April 9, 2009 | |