OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New York Institute of Photography

The New York Institute of Photography (or NYIP) is a for-profit online school based out of New York City, offering different courses in photography to students all over the world. NYIP currently offers ten courses in photography.

## History

The New York Institute of Photography was founded in 1910, according to early brochures, by Emile Brunel. At the time, he named the school the E. Brunel School of Photography. Emile was a sculptor/artist/photographer best known for his celebrity portraits.
NYIP was officially registered as a business with the Supreme Course of the State of New York in 1915.
In its early days, NYIP was a residential school, with offices in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Chicago. The instructors were always professional photographers. The Manhattan offices, where the main course was originally developed covered 15,000 square feet (1,400 m$^2$) of space. A home study course was added in the 1940s but was not as popular as the face to face lectures.
NYIP was first given educational accreditation when the National Home Study Council announced its inaugural class in 1956. Around that time the company was bought by Harold Deckoff, who was a printer who established the Tribune Publishing Co.
In 1971, shortly after Harold Deckoff's death, NYIP went bankrupt. Marvin Deckoff, Harold's son, bought the rights to continue the business. In 1976, he sold the business to Don Sheff. Marvin and Don worked together to rebuild the business from the ground up. They rewrote course materials, began trying different types of advertising, and worked on expanding the home study courses.
In addition to the courses, the New York Institute of Photography has printed a number of books on various photography subjects, including Motion Picture Directing and Motion Picture Photography.
In 2012, the New York Institute of Photography announced that it was partnering with Distance Education Russia, to create a Russian-language version of its Complete Course in Professional Photography.

## Notable graduates

* Burim Myftiu
* L. Ron Hubbard
* Ernest Cole
* Josaphat-Robert Large
* Paul A Kline
* Glenn Danzig
* Hahn Dae-soo
* David Michael Kennedy
* Floyd Crosby
* W. Eugene Smith
* Paul Gilmore - Earth's first Moon rock photographer
* Richard Weede - who shot several of the most famous photographs of Elvis Presley
* Robert H. McNeill

## Accreditation

The New York Institute of Photography is nationally accredited to provide distance education training by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC). In addition, since the school is based in New York, it is licensed by the New York State Department of Education.
The Better Business Bureau gives the New York Institute of Photography an A rating.
# Carnivale (film)

Carnivale is a 1999 French-Irish animated film directed by Deane Taylor.

## Premise

Four children and their cat find a magic ticket that admits them entry into a magical and mysterious amusement park that at first seems inviting, but grows more sinister once they try to leave.

## Cast

* Hugh Laurie as Cenzo
* David Antrobus as Jack
* Steve Brody as Eddy
* Amanda Abbington as Ginger
* Ron Haddrick as Banjo
* Helena Bonham Carter as Milly
Additional voices were performed by Lee Perry, Jamie Oxenbould, Ron Haddrick, Paul Tylak, Olivia Martin, and Lisa Bailey.

## Production

The film marked the directorial debut of Deane Taylor who had previously worked as an art director on films such as The Nightmare Before Christmas and All Dogs Go to Heaven 2. Production on the film began in June 1997 until it was completed in February 1999. Producer Gerry Shirren had previously worked as a producer on several Don Bluth films. Taylor had always been fascinated by amusement parks especially with the stark contrast of people who see them as places of fear and fun and wanted to incorporate both of those mindsets into an adventure film for children. Taking inspiration from his work as a theater decorator, Taylor arranged shots in the film as if they were from a child's point of view and coded the lighting so the film began with a bright light source from above while getting progressively darker as the story moves along. For the look of the amusement park itself Taylor based the designs on illustrations of circuses and game galleries from the turn of the century.

## Reception

In his review for Variety, Paul Power described Carnivale as a "Well-made debut feature by a former Tim Burton collaborator".

## Cancelled video game

In May 1999, it was announced Vatical Entertainment and Terraglyph Interactive Studios had been working on a tie-in video game based on the film to be released on Nintendo 64, Sony PlayStation, and Game Boy Color with a playable demo set for that year's E3. After the film failed to find widespread distribution, Vatical ultimately decided to cancel the game as TerraGlyph was beset by development issues that culminated with the company laying off a majority of their workforce leaving the game only 50-60% complete.
# Mahican-Mohawk Trail

The Mahican-Mohawk Trail is a long-distance hiking trail that is under construction.
Originally a trail used by Native Americans, the Mahican-Mohawk Trail faded away as the automobile became popular and subsequently, the Mohawk Trail was constructed. In 1992, after some research by Williams College students, volunteers started to reclaim the trail.
There are currently multiple sections open in western Massachusetts, including one that follows the old New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad grade. It is estimated that 40 miles (64 km) of trail are currently open. A large portion of the open trail is located in Mohawk Trail State Forest and South River State Forest.
Upon completion, the trail is projected to reach from the Connecticut River to the Hudson River.
# Mammoth Cave (Utah)

Mammoth Cave is a lava tube located on the Markagunt Plateau in the Dixie National Forest of Southern Utah, and is one of the largest lava tubes in Utah. The cave has over 2,200 feet (670 m) of passage and is about a quarter mile (400 m) long. It was formed by cooling lava and water less than 2,000 years ago. Due to moisture and its elevation of 8,050 feet (2,450 m) above sea level the cave stays cool year round.
The cave has four chambers, the largest to the west. At the end of the largest tunnel, it narrows to a small opening that can be used as an exit. Although the cave is open year round, portions of it are closed off from October until April to protect hibernating bats. Additionally, Mammoth Creek Road may be completely impassable during the winter months due to snowfall.

## Sources

* US Forest Service
* Cedar City Brian Head Tourist Bureau
37°34′05″N 112°35′18″W﻿ / ﻿37.56806°N 112.58833°W﻿ / 37.56806; -112.58833
* This article about a cave in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Manistee River Trail

The Manistee River Trail is an 11-mile (18 km) linear hiking trail located in Michigan in Manistee County, along the east bank of the Manistee River between Red Bridge River Access and Seaton Creek Campground.
A 23-mile (37 km) loop trail can be formed by two connector trails at the southern and northern termini connecting the Manistee River Trail to the North Country National Scenic Trail. The loop trail can be accessed from the Marilla and Upper Branch Trailheads for the North Country National Scenic Trail and the Red Bridge and Seaton Creek accesses for the Manistee River Trail.
# Mansfield Center Cemetery

Mansfield Center Cemetery is a small cemetery in the Mansfield Center section of Mansfield, Connecticut. Established in 1693, it is one of the few surviving elements of Mansfield's early colonial settlement history. It also has a distinguished array of funerary markers carved by acknowledged master's across eastern Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

## Description and history

Mansfield Center Cemetery is located south of the modern center of Mansfield, at the southeast corner of Storrs and Cemetery Roads. It is a roughly rectangular area 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) in size, ringed by a fieldstone wall. A line of trees separates the cemetery from Storrs Road, and there is a gate with stone posts providing entrance to the ground. The cemetery grounds are densely filled with burial sites, with the burials uniformly oriented with the head to the east, and headstones with the carved face to the west. Many 18th and 19th century markers carved of a variety of materials featuring elaborate designs dot the grounds. The oldest dated marker is for Exercise Conant, who died in 1722.
Mansfield was settled as part of Windham in 1690 and was separately incorporated in 1704. The site was set aside for use as a cemetery as early as 1693 and it remained in general use for that purpose until the 1870s. The cemetery's 18th-century gravestones, decorated with cherubim, geometric designs, and a variety of funerary symbols, are considered to be illustrative of the rich artistic tradition of funerary stone carving in colonial New England. More than 180 stones have been attributed to identifiable stone carvers, including such 18th-century masters of the craft as John Hartshorne, Obadiah Wheeler, Benjamin Collins and his son Zerubbabel, Gershom Bartlett, John Huntington, the Manning Family, Jonathan Loomis, Aaron Haskins, Stephen Spaulding, Elijah Sikes, and John Walden. Two primative carvings exist by local carver James Hovey. 19th century carvers represented include the Upswept Wing Carver, Caleb Huntington, Thomas Welch, the Warrenville Carver, and Orivlle Griswold.
* Gravestone carved by John Hartshorne of Franklin CT.
* Gravestone carved by Obadiah Wheeler of Lebanon CT.
* Gravestone carved by Benjamin Collins of Columbia CT.
* Gravestone carved by John Huntington of Lebanon CT.
* Gravestone carved by Gershom Bartlett of Bolton CT.
* Gravestone carved by Jonathan Loomis of Coventry CT.
* Gravestone carved by Zerubbabel Collins of Columbia CT.
* Gravestone carved by Josiah Manning of Windham CT.
# Welt (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | April 2001, p.74 |
Welt (stylized as weLt) is the debut studio album by the band ohGr, formed by Nivek Ogre of Skinny Puppy, and musician/engineer Mark Walk. The song "Water" has been featured in the motion pictures Life as a House and for the end titles in Kill Theory. The album artwork was created by comic book artist Roman Dirge.

## Track listing

All songs written by Nivek Ogre and Mark Walk.

## Singles

"Cracker" and "Pore" were issued in a limited edition 12-inch promotional vinyl single.

## Personnel

* Nivek Ogre
* Mark Walk
* William Rieflin – additional percussion (3), additional instrumentation (6)
* Scott Crane – additional instrumentation (6)
* Roman Dirge – artwork
# Marion National Cemetery

Marion National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Marion in Grant County, Indiana. It encompasses 45.1 acres (18.3 ha), and as of the end of 2005, had 8,269 interments. It is included in the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Marion Branch national historic district.

## History

In 1888, Colonel George W. Steele, Indiana’s congressional representative, successfully convinced his colleagues in Washington, D.C., of the need for a Soldier's Home in Grant County. Subsequently, the 31-acre (13 ha) Marion Branch of the National Home opened in 1889 to provide shelter and comfort for the region's veterans. Along with the home, a cemetery was established for the interment of the men who died there. The first burial occurred two years after the home opened in May 1890. For most of its history, the cemetery at the Marion Home has quietly and efficiently cared for the needs of the nation's veterans with few significant changes.
In 1920, the home was renamed Marion Sanatorium and in 1930, administration of the home was transferred to the newly created Veterans Administration. Additional land was transferred from the Veterans Health Administration twice in the cemetery's history. 6 acres (2.4 ha) were added in 1974 and six more in 1988. As of 1973, with the passage of the National Cemetery Act, the cemetery became part of the National Cemetery system and its name was changed to Marion National Cemetery. As of 2004, over 8,000 men and women have been buried in Marion National Cemetery, including Medal of Honor recipients Henry Hyde, Nicholas Irwin and Jeremiah Kuder.

## Notable monuments

* The Remember the Maine monument, erected in 1901 to honor of the lives lost aboard USS Maine in Havana Harbor, Cuba, the act which is widely believed to have precipitated the Spanish–American War.
* The carillon bell tower was erected in 1990.

## Notable interments

* Henry J. Hyde (1846–1893), Medal of Honor recipient for action in Arizona Territory during the Indian Wars.
* Nicholas Irwin (1833–1896), Medal of Honor recipient for action at the Battle of Mobile Bay aboard USS Brooklyn during the American Civil War.
* Jeremiah Kuder (1835–1916), Medal of Honor recipient for action at the Battle of Jonesborough during the Civil War.
# Mascoutin Valley State Trail

Mascoutin Valley State Trail is a rail trail in northeastern Wisconsin. The trail is used for walking, bicycling, horseback riding (except Green Lake County), and snowmobiling during the winter months. The trail can also be used for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing but the trail is not groomed and must be shared with snowmobiles. Numerous miles of snowmobile trails connect to the Mascoutin Valley State Trail.
The trail is approximately 20 miles (32 km) in total length divided into two sections, 10.4 miles (16.7 km) Berlin to Ripon and 9.7 miles (15.6 km) Rosendale to Fond du Lac. The trail surfaces are crushed limestone with some parts being grass and gravel. The trail is maintained by the counties of Fond du Lac, Winnebago, and Green Lake in conjunction with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

## West Trail

The west trail of Mascoutin Valley State Trail is maintained by the counties of Green Lake, Winnebago, and Fond du Lac. The northwest trailhead is located at County Highway F near South Street in Berlin (43°57′40″N 88°56′11″W﻿ / ﻿43.96111°N 88.93639°W﻿ / 43.96111; -88.93639). The trail can be accessed at midpoint near Rush Lake on Lake Road off County Highway E (43°55′37″N 88°50′14″W﻿ / ﻿43.92694°N 88.83722°W﻿ / 43.92694; -88.83722). The trail ends north of Ripon at the junction of County Highway E and Locust Road (43°51′59″N 88°49′51″W﻿ / ﻿43.86639°N 88.83083°W﻿ / 43.86639; -88.83083).
The west trail offers wildlife and nature viewing in the Berlin Fen State Natural Area in the town of Berlin, Green Lake County and in the Koro Railroad Prairie State Natural Area and the Rush Lake Marsh Area in the town of Nepeuskun, Winnebago County.

## East Trail

The east trail of the Mascoutin Valley State Trail is maintained by Fond du Lac County. The northwest trailhead is located in north Rosendale along State Highway 26 (43°48′52″N 88°40′30″W﻿ / ﻿43.81444°N 88.67500°W﻿ / 43.81444; -88.67500) and travels east to Fond du Lac. The trail ends at Rolling Meadows Drive and County Highway I in Fond du Lac (43°47′44″N 88°29′15″W﻿ / ﻿43.79556°N 88.48750°W﻿ / 43.79556; -88.48750).
The east trail offers wildlife and nature viewing in the Eldorado Marsh Wildlife Area of Fond du Lac County.
# Whole sour cabbage

Whole sour cabbage (Croatian: Kiselo zelje u glavicama, Serbian: Kiseli kupus u glavicama, literally: "cabbage soured in heads") is a fermented vegetable food preserve, popular in Eastern European and Balkan cuisines. It is similar to sauerkraut, with the difference that it is prepared through the lacto-fermentation for several weeks of whole heads of cabbage, not separate leaves or grated mass. No vinegar or boiling is required. It is a homemade food preserve, commonly prepared in large barrels filled with whole cabbage heads and water salted with sea salt.

## Preparation

After the external leaves and core have been removed, the cabbage heads are salted, packed into the barrel as densely as possible (another reason why a round form is required) and covered with salted water (4–6% of salt). A heavy load (a rock, for example) is placed above, to keep them under the water, in anaerobic conditions. From time to time the water has to be reversed (flushed from the bottom of the barrel and then again sluiced onto the top), adding more (always with salt) if necessary. A higher salinity makes the fermentation slower, while an insufficient salinity makes it unsafe. Higher temperatures require a higher salinity. The fermentation should be done at 16-22 °C. The best temperature is 18-20 °C. A cabbage fermented at a lower temperature has a better fragrance. The best known microorganisms involved in the process include Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum.
* Pressing salt into cabbage
* A barrel filled with cabbage heads

## Use

Sour cabbage is a popular Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Romanian, and Serbian food, consumed mainly during the winter half of the year, both raw or cooked. Raw, it is a very popular winter salad, usually served dusted with pepper powder (aleva paprika) and/or black pepper, but also as-is. In cooking, it is used for sarma, and in other dishes, such as podvarak.
* Sarma
* Podvarak
# McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area

The McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area (MCNCA) is a 123,400-acre (499 km$^2$) National Conservation Area located in Mesa County, west of Grand Junction, Colorado. The MCNCA has rugged sandstone canyons, natural arches, spires, and alcoves carved into the Colorado Plateau, through which runs a 24-mile (39 km) stretch of the Colorado River. Included in the MCNCA is the 75,500-acre (306 km$^2$) Black Ridge Canyons Wilderness (BRCW) with 5,200 acres (21 km$^2$) extending into eastern Grand County, Utah at the MCNCA's western boundary.
The MCNCA is managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System, and was officially designated on October 24, 2000, when the Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area and Black Ridge Canyons Wilderness Act of 2000 became Public Law 106-353. The NCA was renamed after Congressman Scott McInnis on January 1, 2005.
McInnis Canyons NCA has a variety of resources and recreation opportunities resulting in users with diverse interests, including hiking, biking, float boating, off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, horseback riding, hunting, wildlife watching, backpacking, camping, and grazing resources; as well as geological, paleontological and scientific sites.
McInnis Canyons NCA is also home to the Rattlesnake Arches. This area houses the highest concentration of naturally occurring arches in Colorado, and even the second most in the world, behind Arches National Park. It is located in the Black Ridge Canyons Wilderness and comprises sandstone formations, and is not able to be reached by vehicle.

## Management

McInnis Canyons is located within the Bureau of Land Management's Grand Junction Field Office. A Resource Management Plan (RMP) was written and approved for the NCA in 2004. Four alternatives were proposed and open to public review. The BLM's preferred alternative, adaptive management, was approved and enacted under the RMP. The plan states:
   this alternative's emphasis is on maintaining the current level of experience and enjoyment of the area's recreational opportunities and unique characteristics while recognizing that increased future use would trigger the need for increased levels of management. Monitoring for land health and visitors' experiences would determine when adjustments to management would be required. Objectives for this alternative include preserving the character of the area and enhancing traditional recreation, while maintaining land health and improving priority areas of concern.
# Wilbur Strozier

Wilbur Lamar Strozier (born November 12, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL).
Born and raised in La Grange, Georgia, Strozier played scholastically at LaGrange High School. He played collegiately for the Georgia Bulldogs, where, as a senior, he was honored by Football News as a first-team All-American.
Strozier was selected by the Denver Broncos in the seventh round of the 1987 NFL draft. He was waived by the Broncos towards the end of preseason, but signed by the Seattle Seahawks a week later. He saw action in all 12 non-strike games for the Seahawks.
Strozier spent the 1988 offseason with the Seahawks, but again was waived late in preseason. He signed with the San Diego Chargers prior to week 7, and was with them for 6 games, but was released after week 12.
Strozier made one final effort in the NFL, with the Cleveland Browns in 1989. He was placed on the injured reserve list near the end of preseason, and was released when healthy.
# Melakwa Lake

Melakwa Lake is a lake in King County, Washington. The name Melakwa comes from a Chinook term for "mosquito". It is located along the Pratt River just below the river's true source.

## Access

It is off of I-90 and can be accessed from the Denny Creek trail head. It is accessible via a moderate, all-day hike from Denny Creek to Melakwa Lake.

## Characteristics

The lake is located in a narrow valley, with Chair Peak to the east and Kaleetan Peak to the west, and is usually accessible by late June. It is known for its clear water and beautiful blue-green color. A short scramble up the talus slope on the north end of the lake leads to Melakwa Pass, where views of Gem Lake, Glacier Peak, and the North Cascades are visible on clear days.