OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Four-sided die

Four-sided dice, abbreviated d4, are often used in tabletop role-playing games to obtain random integers in the range 1–4.

## Forms

Several forms exist of this die. One is a regular tetrahedron, which is a triangular pyramid with four equilateral triangle-shaped faces. They are nicknamed caltrops, and are peculiar in that there is no topmost face when a die comes to rest. There are several common ways of indicating the value rolled. Some of these dice have three numbers on each face. The number rolled is indicated by the number shown upright on all three visible faces—either near the midpoints of the sides around the bottom or near the angles around the top. Another configuration places only one number on each face, and the rolled number is taken from the downward face.
Another form of d4s are long dice with four isosceles triangle-shaped faces, sometimes called wedge dice. They do not roll well and are thus usually thrown into the air or shaken in a box.
A third form of d4s are long dice shaped like rectangular prisms, as used in the Scandinavian game daldøs. Landing on end may be rendered very rare simply by their small size relative to the faces, by the instability implicit in the height of the dice, and by rolling the long dice along their axes rather than tossing. Many long dice provide further insurance against landing on end by giving the ends a rounded or peaked shape, rendering such an outcome physically impossible (at least on a flat solid surface).
A fourth form of d4 has four flat sides, with the other two sides being half-cylinders whose axes are perpendicular to each other and to that of the die. Such dice are called arch'd dice, infinity dice, or modern d4.

## Historical

Four-sided dice were among the gambling and divination tools used by early man who carved them from nuts, wood, stone, ivory and bone. Six-sided dice were invented later but four-sided dice continued to be popular in Russia. In Ancient Rome, elongated four-sided dice were called tali while the six-sided cubic dice were tesserae. In India and Tibet, three four-sided long dice were rolled sequentially as an oracle, to produce 1 of 64 possible outcomes.
The ancient Mesopotamian Royal Game of Ur uses eight four-sided pyramid-shaped dice made out of rock, half of them colored white, and half black.

## Modern gaming

Role-playing games involving four-sided regular tetrahedral dice include Dungeons & Dragons, Ironclaw, and Pathfinder Roleplaying Game. The d20 System includes a four-sided regular tetrahedral die among other dice with 6, 8, 10, 12 and 20 faces.
# Hal Kolstad

Harold Everette Kolstad (born June 1, 1935) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1962 through 1963 for the Boston Red Sox. Listed at 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) and 190 pounds (86 kg), Kolstad batted and threw right-handed. He was signed by Boston as a free agent in 1957 out of the San Jose State University.
In a two-season MLB career, Kolstad posted a 0–4 win–loss mark with 42 strikeouts and a 6.59 ERA in 34 appearances, including two starts, two saves and 72⅓ innings pitched. He surrendered 81 hits and 41 bases on balls.
In 1966, Kolstad joined the faculty at Leigh High School in San Jose, California as a teacher and coach. He remained there until his retirement in 1990.
# Blackout light

Blackout lights are head and tail lamps that are equipped with special lenses that are designed to cast a diffused horizontal beam of light for the driver of the vehicle to navigate with, and drivers of other vehicles to spot the vehicle with. In the military, they are intended for use when driving a convoy at night when it is necessary for the vehicles to maintain concealment by limiting their ability to be seen by the enemy.

## Types
### Blackout driving lights

Blackout driving lights are mounted on the driver's side of the vehicle, typically on the fender or grille. They give off a diffused beam of white light that takes the place of regular headlights when driving under blackout conditions. It is intended to give off just enough light for the driver to make their way. Blackout driving lights are also hooded, making the light only able to be seen when looking up at it. With the use of night vision goggles the effectiveness of the blackout driving light can be increased.

### Blackout marker lights

* Front marker lights are typically mounted below or to the side of the vehicle's normal headlights. They serve the purpose of making the vehicle visible to oncoming drivers or for a driver to see if a vehicle is following them.
* Rear marker lights or blackout taillights are typically housed in the same unit as the vehicles taillights, and are the main tool in keeping the proper following distance in nighttime convoy driving.
Blackout marker lights serve the purpose of marking the position of the vehicle during blackout driving. They also are used as an aid in keeping the proper safe following distance when driving in a convoy at night. US Military marker lights are designed with a series of "cat eyes" that appear differently depending on the distance one is away from the vehicle that is equipped with the lights. When the following distance is too far the rear marker lights appear as a single red light and when too close as four separate red lights. When the correct following distance of 180 to 60 feet is maintained the taillights appear as two red lights.

### Blackout stop lights

Blackout stop lights take the place of the normal stoplight when operating in blackout conditions. In US military vehicles when the brakes are applied in blackout mode the brake light appears as a white light. The blackout stop lights are typically in the same taillight assembly as the rear blackout marker lights.

### Blackout headlights

Blackout headlights can refer to either front blackout marker lights or blackout driving light depending on the vehicle that is equipped with them.

## Controls

Military vehicles that are equipped with blackout lights have a special switch for controlling the lights that are on the vehicle. This switch serves the purpose of preventing the headlights or any other lights on the vehicle from being turned on by accident, by means of a lock that is on the switch that must be pushed before the lights are able to be turned on.
# Natori

Natori may refer to:

## Places

* Natori, Miyagi, a city in northern Japan
* Natori River, a river in northern Japan
* Natori District, Miyagi, a former district in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
* Natori Station, an East Japan Railway Company station

## People with the surname

* Atsushi Natori, Japanese soccer player
* Eri Natori (名取 英理, born 1985), Japanese speed skater
* Josie Natori, fashion designer
* Kaori Natori, Japanese singer and model
* Takeshi Natori, Japanese soccer player
* Natori Masatake, samurai
* Natori (なとり), Japanese singer-songwriter

## Other

* Japanese cruiser Natori, a light cruiser of the Imperial Japan Navy
* The Natori Company, a fashion company
# Headington Quarry

Headington Quarry is a suburb and civil parish of Oxford, England. Once a separate village built on the site of a former limestone quarry, it is now fully integrated into the city of Oxford and lies approximately 3 miles east of the city centre, just inside the Oxford Ring Road. It is near to Headington, Wood Farm, Risinghurst, and Barton.
Today it is known colloquially as "Quarry". and is now considerably uneven due to previous quarrying in the area.
The Headington Quarry Morris Dancers are based in the area. Headington Quarry Morris Dancers were the first Morris dancers ever seen by Cecil Sharp, on Boxing Day 1899. This chance meeting was one of the events that sparked a lifelong interest in folk dance, song and music, to which Sharp devoted much of his life.
Headington Quarry was designated a conservation area in 1971, and the Friends of Quarry is a residents' association which aims to preserve the distinctive character of the Conservation Area and its immediate neighbourhood.

## History

Headington Quarry Church of England First School, built in 1864, was closed in 2003 and was replaced by Headington Quarry Foundation Stage School. The building is now listed.
The wartime Bletchley Park cryptoanalyst Joan Clarke, colleague and briefly fiancée of Alan Turing, lived in Headington Quarry from 1991 until her death in 1996. In July 2019, a blue plaque was unveiled at her former home.

### Church

Holy Trinity Church, the local parish church, was designed by George Gilbert Scott - with a window in the chancel being designed by Ninian Comper - and built in the late 1840s. The Friends of Holy Trinity Church was founded in 2002 to raise funds and look after the church.
C. S. Lewis, Oxford academic and author of The Chronicles of Narnia, attended Holy Trinity Church and is buried in the churchyard.
There is a former Methodist Chapel in Quarry High Street.

## Headington stone

Headington Quarry had a number of stone quarries. Headington stone, a style of limestone, was traditionally used for some Oxford University college buildings, although it was prone to erosion by pollution. In 1396, stone from Headington was used to build the bell-tower for New College. Headington stone was also used for the foundations and walls of All Souls College in the first half of the fifteenth century, and then in the 1520s by Cardinal Wolsey to build his Cardinal College (now Christ Church).
# Rigoberto Salazar

Rigoberto Salazar Matos (born 4 January 1954) is a retired Cuban athlete who specialised in the decathlon. He won several medals at regional level.
His personal best in the event is 7756 points set in Havana in 1979 (1962–1984 tables).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Cuba ||||||
| 1973 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Maracaibo, Venezuela | 2nd | Decathlon | 7035 pts |
| 1974 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 2nd | Decathlon | 7305 pts |
| 1975 | Pan American Games | Mexico City, Mexico | – | Decathlon | DNF |
| 1977 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Xalapa, Mexico | 1st | Decathlon | 7207 pts |
| 1977 | Universiade | Sofia, Bulgaria | – | Decathlon | DNF |
| 1978 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Medellín, Colombia | 1st | Decathlon | 7485 pts |
| 1979 | Pan American Games | San Juan, Puerto Rico | – | Decathlon | DNF |
| 1979 | Universiade | Mexico City, Mexico | – | Decathlon | DNF |
| 1981 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 1st | Decathlon | 7181 pts |
| 1981 | Universiade | Bucharest, Romania | – | Decathlon | DNF |
# Qiangqu

Qiangqu (Chinese: 羌渠; r. 179–188 AD) was the Western Wise Prince, successor to Huzheng, and chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu from 179 to 188 AD.
Qiangqu's reign coincided with a troublesome time for the Han Empire, and few records address Chinese relations with the Southern Xiongnu. In 187 AD Qiangqu sent Southern Xiongnu cavalry troops under command of the Eastern Tuqi Prince (Wise Prince, Ch. Tuqi 屠耆) to aid the governor of Yuzhou province against the former governor, Zhongshan province, Zhang Chun, who had rebelled in alliance with the Wuhuan. This caused discontent among the elders, who were alarmed by the frequency with which Qiangqu sent their men off to battle for the Han dynasty.
In 188 AD, the Xiuchuge people rose in rebellion in the Hetao region of Bing province and killed the provincial inspector after invading Xihe Commandery. The Southern Xiongnu dissidents, led by the Xiluo clan of the Right Division, formed an alliance with the Xiuchuge, and together they killed Qiangqu. The Han court passed the title of chanyu down to his son Yufuluo, although the rebels refused to acknowledge him and installed a marquis of the Xubu clan in his place.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Hou Han Shu. vol. 89
* ↑ Taskin V.S. "Materials on the history of nomadic peoples in China. 3rd – 5th cc. AD. Issue 2. Jie", p. 6, Moscow, Oriental Literature, 1990, ISBN 5-02-016543-3
# Ryan Sánchez

Ryan Yaviel Sánchez Estrada (born 22 June 1998) is a Puerto Rican middle-distance runner specialising in the 800 metres. He won a bronze medal at the 2019 Pan American Games. As still a junior, he represented his country at the 2017 World Championships in London without advancing from the heats.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Puerto Rico ||||||
| 2015 | World Youth Championships | Cali, Colombia | 18th (sf) | 800 m | 1:57.02 |
| 2016 | World U20 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 18th (sf) | 800 m | 1:49.43 |
| 2017 | Pan American U20 Championships | Trujillo, Peru | 1st | 800 m | 1:46.41 |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 41st (h) | 800 m | 1:50.74 |
| 2018 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Barranquilla, Colombia | 2nd | 800 m | 1:46.3 |
| 2019 | Pan American Games | Lima, Peru | 3rd | 800 m | 1:45.19 |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 42nd (h) | 800 m | 1:54.46 |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 34th (h) | 800 m | 1:47.07 |
| 2022 | Ibero-American Championships | La Nucía, Spain | 5th | 800 m | 1:47.48 |
| 2022 | NACAC Championships | Freeport, Bahamas | 4th | 800 m | 1:47.66 |
| 2023 | Central American and Caribbean Games | San Salvador, El Salvador | 2nd | 800 m | 1:46.86 |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 45th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.24 |
| 2023 | Pan American Games | Santiago, Chile | 5th | 800 m | 1:47.07 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 800 metres – 1:44.82 (Ponce 2019)
* 1500 metres – 3:49.33 (Gainesville 2019)
Indoor
* One mile – 4:29.16 (Winston Salem 2019)
# Zurab Chkonia

Zurab Chkonia (born January 14, 1972) is a Georgian, lawyer, editor and University Professor. He is Chairman and co-founder of the Union of Law Scientists, Editor-in-Chief of the online international scientific journal Herald of Law, Founder and Director of the Caucasus Bar School CLS.

## Biography

Zurab Chkonia graduated from Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Law, majoring in law. From 1992 to 2001, he worked in the Internal Affairs bodies. He was a lawyer at law firm "Kordzadze and Svanidze Lawyers" in 2001 and 2002. From 2002 to 2005, he was the managing partner of the law firm "Chkonia and Partners". He worked as the Head of the Legal Support Division of the LEPL State Material Reserves Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia in 2005 and 2006. He has been the founder and managing partner of "Law Firm Chkonia and Company" since 2006. In 2009 and 2010, he was at the same time the arbitrator of the permanent private arbitration "Regista". Zurab Chkonia has been the founder and head of the "Caucasus Bar School CLS" since 2012.
He has been delivering lectures during various periods since 2010: at the Faculty of Law at Banking and Management University, Georgian Aviation University and Caucasus International University.
He was elected as an Assistant Professor of Private Law at the Caucasus International University, Faculty of Law in 2011. He was elected as an Associate Professor of Private Law at the European University (Tbilisi) in 2016. Zurab Chkonia was a Senior research fellow at the Scientific Research Institute of the European University from 2016 to August 16, 2020. He was the editor-in-chief of the international legal peer-reviewed journal "Law and the World" of the same institute from 2015 to 2019, and editor from 2019 to August 16, 2020. He is Editor-in-Chief of the online international scientific journal Herald of Law since 2020.
Zurab Chkonia is the author of ten scientific articles and co-author of the book "Commentary on the Law on Enforcement Proceedings" (Book One). He has participated in seven international scientific conferences, one of which was a conference in History, in the field of Genealogy.
He passed the judiciary exam with general specialization.
He has a wife and two children.
# Kornatka, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Kornatka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobczyce, within Myślenice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Dobczyce, 13 km (8 mi) east of Myślenice, and 27 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
# Bob Harriott

Robert 'Bob' Frank Harriott (born 30 November 1947) is a former English cricketer. Harriott was a right-handed batsman. He was born in Birmingham, Warwickshire.
Harriott made his debut for Devon in the 1971 Minor Counties Championship against Oxfordshire. From 1971 to 1986, he represented the county in 85 Championship matches, the last of which came against Cornwall. Harriott also played List A cricket for Devon at a time when they were permitted to take part in the domestic one-day competition, making his debut in that format against Staffordshire in the 1978 Gillette Cup. He played 3 further List A matches for Devon between 1978 and 1980, the last if which came against Warwickshire in the 1980 Gillette Cup. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 58 runs at a batting average of 19.33, with a high score of 27*.
# Michael Danzey

Michael James Danzey (born 8 February 1971) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward in the Football League for Chester City, Peterborough United, Cambridge United and Scunthorpe United. He also played non-league football for Boston United, St Albans City, Farnborough Town, Aylesbury United and Woking.
# Herbert of Derwentwater

Saint Herbert of Derwentwater (died 20 March 687) was an Anglo-Saxon priest and hermit who lived on the small St Herbert's Island in Derwentwater, Cumbria, England. His friendship with St Cuthbert is explored in a poem by William Wordsworth.

## Biography

Information on Herbert's life comes from Book IV Chapter 29 of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People (c. 731) and the Life of St. Cuthbert (c. 720s).
Herbert's date of birth is unknown. He was for long a close friend and disciple of Cuthbert of Lindisfarne, at whose request he became an anchorite, living for many years on the small Derwentwater island now named after him. He ate fish from the lake and grew vegetables round his cell.
Herbert visited Cuthbert in Lindisfarne every year to receive spiritual direction. In AD 686, hearing that his friend was visiting Carlisle to give the veil to Queen Eormenburg (widow of Ecgfrith of Northumbria), he went to see him there, instead of at Lindisfarne as was usual. After they had spoken together, St Cuthbert said, "Brother Herbert, tell to me now all that you have need to ask or speak, for never shall we see one another again in this world. For I know that the time of my decease is at hand." Then Herbert fell weeping at his feet and begged that St Cuthbert would obtain for him the grace that they might both be admitted to praise God in heaven at the same time. And St Cuthbert prayed and then made answer, "Rise, my brother, weep not, but rejoice that the mercy of God has granted our desire." Herbert, returning to his hermitage, fell to a long sickness, and purified of his imperfections, died on the same day, 20 March 687, on which St Cuthbert died on Holy Island.

## Veneration

Herbert's feast day is 20 March. Cuthbert's feast is more popular and Herbert's has been largely forgotten. The remains of his hermitage survive at the north end of St Herbert's Island. Each year the Catholic parish of Our Lady of the Lakes and St Charles arranges to celebrate Mass on St Herbert's Island in his memory. Since 1983 pilgrimages have been made from Chadderton to Cumbria, parishioners joining others from Lake District churches in crossing Derwentwater and celebrating Mass on the island.
There are churches dedicated to St Herbert at Braithwaite and Carlisle in Cumbria, Darlington in County Durham and Chadderton in Greater Manchester. Friars' Crag on Derwentwater is named after the monks who sailed to St Herbert's Island on pilgrimage to visit the saint.
The Dominican priest, philosopher and theologian Herbert McCabe's novice master, Columba Ryan, gave him the religious name Herbert, in an ironic reference to McCabe's tendency to shock.

## In literature

William Wordsworth's poem For The Spot Where The Hermitage Stood on St Herbert's Island, Derwentwater, marks the spiritual friendship between St Cuthbert and Herbert.
St Herbert appears under the name "Erebert" as a character in Melvyn Bragg's mostly fictional book Credo about the life of St Bega.
St Herbert's Island inspired "Owl Island" in Beatrix Potter's book The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin.
# Tabat

Tabat was chieftain of the Jarawa Berbers of the Aures Mountains during the mid-7th century. He was the father of the Berber queen and warlord Dihya.
# Marlon Kimpson

Marlon E. Kimpson (born April 15, 1969) is an American politician and attorney. He served in the South Carolina Senate from 2013 to 2023. He served as a member of the Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations in the Office of the United States Trade Representative during the presidency of Joe Biden.

## Early life and education

Kimpson attended Morehouse College, graduating in 1991, and the University of South Carolina School of Law, graduating in 1999. He is a lawyer at Motley Rice.

## Political career

Kimpson won a special election to succeed Robert Ford in 2013 representing the 42nd district in the South Carolina Senate. In 2023 he was actively working to pass a hate crime law in South Carolina.
In January 2020, Kimpson announced his support for the Joe Biden presidential campaign in the competition for the Democratic presidential nomination. Kimpson was selected as one of seventeen speakers to jointly deliver the keynote address at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.
On March 10, 2023, President Biden published his intent to appoint Kimpson and thirteen others to the Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations, a committee established by the Office of the US Trade Representative, part of the Executive Office of the President. Kimpson announced that he would vacate his South Carolina Senate seat later in 2023 to take up the appointment.
Kimpson attended the 2024 Democratic National Convention as a Sixth Congressional District delegate.
# Poolville Independent School District

Poolville Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Poolville, Texas (USA).
Located in Parker County, a small portion of the district extends into Wise County.
In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

## Schools

* Poolville High School (Grades 9-12)
* Poolville Junior High School (Grades 6-8)
* Poolville Elementary School (Grades PK-5)
Poolville ISD is located northwest of the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area. It has a population as low as 550 students (around 300 in elementary, 100 in junior high, and about 150 in high school).
# Recyclebank

Recyclebank is a company based in New York City that promotes recycling and environmental awareness. It provides a rewards program for various goods. A Certified B Corporation, Recyclebank is headquartered in New York City.

## History

In 2001, New York City was considering cancelling its recycling program. Then Fordham Law student Patrick FitzGerald drafted a business model to financially incentivize people to recycle and allow businesses to promote sustainability. In 2003, he contacted Ron Gonen, a high school friend, for assistance. By 2003, the two had completed a business plan, and by 2004, began a pilot program in Philadelphia. In 2009, Recyclebank became a certified B corporation.