# Hadhabani (tribe)

Hadhabani or Hadhbāni, Hadhbānī, Hadhbāniyya, Heciban (Arabic: الهذبانية al-Hadhbāniyya; Kurdish: هەزەبانی، هۆزەبان، هۆزەوان, Hozabān, Hozwān), was a large medieval and most powerful Sunni Muslim Kurdish tribe. It made various Emirates and dynasties from the Caucasus, all the way to upper Mesopotamia.

## Etymology

According to vladimir Minorsky, The name of the Tribe is derived from geographical term for the region of Irbil, which is preserved in the name of the Nestorian diocese, Adiabene (HaSayyap). however this is rejected by modern scholars, according to Vanly and Zeki, the tribe got their name from Khezan-Hezan. Their name in Kurdish was pronounced Hezan. Other scholors suggest that Khezan-Hezan gets its name from the tribe, not the other way around. the name is most likely a combination of Hoz (Kurdish: هۆز, Hoz; lit. 'Tribe') and Bān or Wān (Kurdish: بان، وان, Bān, Wān; lit. 'Chief, leader'), which means "Tribal leader".$^{:39–40}$

## Territory

According to Ibn Hawqal the region of Jazira was the summer pasture of Hadhabani Kurds and winter pasture of Shaybani Arab tribe, The presence of Hadhabani in the 10th century is attested from Dvîn in Armenia, passing through the banks of the Caspian to Al-Jazirah.
The Hadhbani tribe was divided into several groups, the Mehranis or Mihraniyya, Rawandi or Rawadiyya, the Hakimi or Hakamiyya, the Maran also known as Banu Maran or Maraniyya and possibly the Zerzari and others, centered at Arbil, Oshnavieh and Urmia. Their dominion included the regions of Maragha and Urmia to the east, Arbil, Sinjar, and parts of Jazira to the south and west, and Barkari, Hakkari and Salmas to the north, as Erbil being one of their capital, ruling from 906 to 1131/1144.$^{:65–66}$

## History

In 906 AD, Muhammad ibn Bilal Al-hadhbani, laid waste to the Mosul countryside. the Hamdanid ruler, Abu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Hamdan, perused him but suffered a defeat. The Abbasid caliph of Baghdad sent reinforcement and Abu'l-Hayja continued his perusing Muhammad ibn Bilal along with 5,000 Hadhbani Kurdish families. A peace was made and the Muhammad ibn Bilal had to surrender all their territories in northern Mosul to Daseni and Humaydi Tribe.
By the early 10th century, The Hadhbani ruled over Irbil, Shahrazur, Urmia, Khoy, Salmas, parts of Jazirah and Maragheh. Maragha was the stronghold of Hadhbānis in Adharbayjan. A branch of Hadhabani, migrated further north and established the Shaddadid Dynasty. By the 1020s, Abu'l-Hayja ibn Rabib al-Dawla, who was the leader of the Hadhabani tribe, as well as the ruler of Urmia and the fortress of Barkari. Was at uneasy relations with his meternal uncle, Wasudan the ruler of Adharbayjan. In 1033/4, the Byzantine Empire captured the fortress at Wasudan's urging. The Abbasid caliph al-Qa'im (r. 1031–1075) convinced the Rawadids and the Hadhabanis to band together and recapture Barkari; they briefly reoccupied it until losing it permanently to the Byzantines. In 1037/38, a strong wave of Iraqiyya Ghuzz Turkic tribe led by the chiefs Buqa, Goktash, Mansur and Dana reached Azarbaijan. The Iraqiyya soon began to plunder the country, sacking the city of Maragha in 1039.
In 1041 AD, after the defeat of the invading Ghuz turks and subsequent massacre in Urmia by Rawadids and Hadhbani Kurds. They fled to Hakkari where they ravaged it. they were eventually defeated by the Kurds and 1500 Ghuz tribesmen were killed and the survivors were enslaved by the Kurds.

## Hadhabani branches

The Hadhbani tribe had multiple branches, these were the Hakamiyya that resided in Erbil and Shahrazur, The Rawadiyya that resided mainly in Adharbayjan, the Mihraniyya that were in Hakkari and Zawzān regions, and the Banu Maran in south of Mosul. The Mihranis or Mihraniyya, They made the infamous Kurdish corps Mihraniyya of the Ayyubid Army.
the Zarzari tribe, may have been a branch of Hadhabani tribe that inhabited ushnu and Rawanduz. while some Zarzaris resided in Sinjar.$^{:71–72}$
Shaddadids, Ayyubids and probably Rawadids were descendant of one of the Hadhabani branches.

## Rulers

* Muhammad son of Bilal, around 906 came in conflicts with Abbasids, eventually retired to Azarbaijan.
* Jafar son of Shakkoya around 943, Salmas,
* Mir Abu Hija Musk son of Chako
* Abu Hidja son of Rabib al Dawla c. 1040 Urmia,
* Mir Sharraf al-Din Isa son of Musk c. 1045
* Mir Salar son of Musa c. 1046
* Mir Abul Hasan Ali son of Musk c. 1046–48
* Mir Abu Ali al al-Hasan son of Musk 1048–63
* Mir Abu Hija II, Husain son of Abi Ali Al-Hasan 1063-1080

## Notable people

* Husam ad-Din Abu'l-Hayja al-Samin, commander (Ispahsalar) of the Ayyubid Army
* Ibn Durbas, grand Judge (Qadi al-qudat) of the Ayyubid Sultanate