OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ustad Bade Inayat Hussain Khan

Ustad Bade Inayat Hussain Khan (1837–1923) was a classical Indian vocalist who belonged to the famous Gwalior Gharana. He was the son of Haddu Khan who was the maternal grandson of Nathan Pir Bakhsh, the founder of Gwalior Gharana. He was the first person to introduce Bol Bant in Khayal Gayki. His Khayal Gayki is used in all the Gharanas. Haddu Khan's son Bade Inayat Hussain Khan (1852–1922) was a singer who expanded the Gwalior style from the methodical form it followed to the emotional style that he preferred.
The most significant changes in the parampara came from around the late 18th century onward during the Chandra Gupta phase of Indian Nationalism, following the migration of Nathan Khan Peer Baksh from Lucknow to Gwalior. His grandsons, Haddu Khan and Hassu Khan, evolved the genre of khayal into its present structure and popularised it. Haddu Khan’s son, Inayat Hussain Khan was the first to introduced Bol Bant in Khayal Gayki.
Gwalior gharana of Indian classical music is easily the doyen amongst Khayal gharanas.
His son Ustad Qurban Hussain Khan continued his legacy and received the title of Raj Gayak.
# Venkatapathy Raju

Sagi Lakshmi Venkatapathy Raju, better known as Venkatapathy Raju (born 9 July 1969), is a former Indian cricketer, cricket administrators and cricket coach. He came into the Indian side in 1989–90 after capturing 32 wickets in the domestic season. He made his Test and One Day International debut on the tour of New Zealand. When sent in as a night-watchman in his first Test innings, he batted for more than two hours for 31 runs while six wickets fell at the other end. He was part of the Indian team in England in 1990, but his tour ended prematurely when a ball by Courtney Walsh broke the knuckle of his left hand in the match against Gloucestershire. He was a part of the Indian squad which won the 1990-91 Asia Cup.
Back home in India, he helped India win the one-off Test against Sri Lanka in the only Test match played at the Sector 16 Stadium in Chandigarh. Raju was a last-minute selection on a wicket that afforded turn and kept low. On the second day, he ran through the Lankan middle order with a spell of 5 wickets for two runs in 39 balls. He took one more wicket on the next day to finish with 6 for 12 in 17.5 overs, four of the batsmen failed to score. His match figures of 8 for 37 in 53 overs won him the only Man of the Match award of his international career. He has played two World Cups for India in 1992 and 1996.
He last played a Test match against Australia in Calcutta, where he captured the wicket of Mark Waugh.
He continued playing for Hyderabad for many years, making the final of the 1999–2000 Ranji Trophy. He retired from first-class cricket in December 2004, after a domestic match against Uttar Pradesh.

## Early life

Venkatapathy Raju grew up in Hyderabad and attended The Hyderabad Public School, Ramanthapur in Hyderabad.
Raju is married to Uma Maheswari.

## Present role

Raju was the vice president of Hyderabad Cricket Association. Earlier, he was the selector for Indian Cricket Team from the south zone during 2007–2008, when India won the ICC World T20 under MS Dhoni's captaincy. He worked as a Telugu commentator for Hotstar during the 2019 World Cup.

## Role model status

Left-arm orthodox spinner Pragyan Ojha said in an interview that it was Raju that inspired him to play for India.
# Neša Paripović

Neša Paripović (Serbian Cyrillic: Неша Париповић) is a Serbian artist. He is considered a key protagonist of conceptual art in Serbia (then part of the former Yugoslavia) in the 1970s. He was married to Marina Abramović from 1971 to 1976.

## Biography

Paripović was born in Nazi-occupied Yugoslavia (now Serbia) in Belgrade, 1942. In 1969, he graduated from the Belgrade Academy of Fine Arts. From 1971 to 1973, he trained under the tutelage of Croatian naive artist Krsto Hegedušić. During this time, he would be a founding member of the newly opened Belgrade Student Cultural Center, collaborating alongside a group of artists informally dubbed the Group of Six Artists or the Belgrade Six. Marina Abramović, who was among them, married Paripović in 1971 and divorced him five years later.
Between 1975 and 1980, he collaborated with the Belgrade "conceptually oriented art collective" Group 143. Since 1991, he's been a member of Belgrade theater ensemble Dah Teatar (in Serbian). He currently lives and works in Belgrade.

## Art

As one of the most influential Serbian conceptual artists, Paripović's work has spanned a variety of mediums, including photography, films, paintings, and posters. His most famous piece, N.P. 1977, is a 22 minute silent film where he walks in a disjointed line across Belgrade, "disappear[ing] around a corner only to reappear through a hole in a wall in a different part of town... [H]e moves in what is actually not a line at all, but a labyrinth, where there is no beginning and no end."
The quasi-surrealist nature of his art has been attributed in part to the tumultuous political atmosphere of post-war Yugoslavia, and is considered to be a part of a radical new wave art movement that "criticised art’s status quo" and "rejected the idea of art as a commodity." Today, much of his art has been lost to time, attributed to the fact that "the artist started off in a post-object phase."
# Corubia

Corubia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Corubia testacea, is found in Brazil. Both the genus and the species were first described by William Schaus in 1906.
# Eventually stable polynomial

A non-constant polynomial with coefficients in a field is said to be eventually stable if the number of irreducible factors of the $n$-fold iteration of the polynomial is eventually constant as a function of $n$. The terminology is due to R. Jones and A. Levy, who generalized the seminal notion of stability first introduced by R. Odoni.

## Definition

Let $K$ be a field and $f\in K[x]$ be a non-constant polynomial. The polynomial $f$ is called stable or dynamically irreducible if, for every natural number $n$, the $n$-fold composition $f^{n}=f\circ f\circ \ldots \circ f$ is irreducible over $K$.
A non-constant polynomial $g\in K[x]$ is called $f$-stable if, for every natural number $n\geq 1$, the composition $g\circ f^{n}$ is irreducible over $K$.
The polynomial $f$ is called eventually stable if there exists a natural number $N$ such that $f^{N}$ is a product of $f$-stable factors. Equivalently, $f$ is eventually stable if there exist natural numbers $N,r\geq 1$ such that for every $n\geq N$ the polynomial $f^{n}$ decomposes in $K[x]$ as a product of $r$ irreducible factors.

## Examples

* If $f=(x-\gamma )^{2}+c\in K[x]$ is such that $-c$ and $f^{n}(\gamma )$ are all non-squares in $K$ for every $n\geq 2$, then $f$ is stable. If $K$ is a finite field, the two conditions are equivalent.
* Let $f=x^{d}+c\in K[x]$ where $K$ is a field of characteristic not dividing $d$. If there exists a discrete non-archimedean absolute value on $K$ such that $|c|<1$, then $f$ is eventually stable. In particular, if $K=\mathbb {Q}$ and $c$ is not the reciprocal of an integer, then $x^{d}+c\in \mathbb {Q} [x]$ is eventually stable.

## Generalization to rational functions and arbitrary basepoints

Let $K$ be a field and $\phi \in K(x)$ be a rational function of degree at least $2$. Let $\alpha \in K$. For every natural number $n\geq 1$, let $\phi ^{n}(x)={\frac {f_{n}(x)}{g_{n}(x)}}$ for coprime $f_{n}(x),g_{n}(x)\in K[x]$.
We say that the pair $(\phi ,\alpha )$ is eventually stable if there exist natural numbers $N,r$ such that for every $n\geq N$ the polynomial $f_{n}(x)-\alpha g_{n}(x)$ decomposes in $K[x]$ as a product of $r$ irreducible factors. If, in particular, $r=1$, we say that the pair $(\phi ,\alpha )$ is stable.
R. Jones and A. Levy proposed the following conjecture in 2017.
    Conjecture: Let $K$ be a field and $\phi \in K(x)$ be a rational function of degree at least $2$. Let $\alpha \in K$ be a point that is not periodic for $\phi$.
* If $K$ is a number field, then the pair $(\phi ,\alpha )$ is eventually stable.
* If $K$ is a function field and $\phi$ is not isotrivial, then $(\phi ,\alpha )$ is eventually stable.
Several cases of the above conjecture have been proved by Jones and Levy, Hamblen et al., and DeMark et al.
# Lignicida

Lignicida is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Charles Swinhoe in 1905.

## Species

* Lignicida echana C. Swinhoe, 1905
* Lignicida grisechana Holloway, 2005
# Ward Lake (Florida)

Ward Lake, also known as Bill Evers Reservoir, is a 255-acre body of water in Manatee County, Florida, in the United States. It provides most of the water for the city of Bradenton and is a water feature in the Manatee River watershed.

## Overview

Its inflow and outflow is the Braden River. The lake has had problems with nutrient loading and elevated concentrations of dissolved copper. Ward Lake /Bill Evers Reservoir was built in the late 1930s and expanded in 1985.
# Laud of Coutances

Saint Laud of Coutances (variants: Lauto, Laudo, Launus, popularly: Saint Lô) was the fifth bishop of Coutances and is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
He was born in Courcy, near Coutances, in the 6th century AD and became bishop of Coutances around 525. The town of Briovere, associated with the saint, took his name and is now Saint-Lô in Normandy. He met with a conclave of bishops at Angers in 529 or 530.
As a healing saint, he is invoked for maladies of the eyes and especially blindness. The reputed healing spring at Courcy dedicated to him is a site of pilgrimage.
He is commemorated September 21 in the French Martyrology, and September 22 in the Roman Martyrology.
St. Laud's Church in Sherington and St Laudus (Laud) in the civil parish of Mabe, Cornwall, are the only churches in England known to be dedicated to Saint Laud.
# Willie MacFadyen

William MacFadyen (23 June 1904 – 20 January 1971) was a Scottish football player and manager. A goalscoring centre forward, his 52 league goals for Motherwell's 1931–32 championship winning side remains the record goals total for a single season in Scottish League history. He also topped the scoring charts again the following season, netting 45 times. In total, he scored 251 league goals for Motherwell – the eighth-best top flight total in Scottish League history.

## Playing career

Born in Overtown, Lanarkshire, MacFadyen played junior football for Wishaw YMCA before beginning his Motherwell career in 1921. Before establishing himself at Fir Park, he spent periods on loan with Bo'ness and Clyde. As well as the 1932 league title, he gained two Scottish Cup runners-up medals while at Motherwell, in 1931 and 1933. He appeared for Scotland twice during 1933, against Wales and Austria. Despite scoring in both matches, he wasn't selected for international duty again, although he did also represent the Scottish League against the Irish League in 1934, scoring twice.
After leaving Motherwell, he played for Huddersfield Town, for whom he appeared in the 1938 FA Cup Final, and Clapton Orient. In the 1939–40 season he appeared for Mossley making 16 appearances and scoring three goals. During the Second World War, he served in the Royal Air Force and was a guest player for Blackpool, Huddersfield, Nottingham Forest and Rochdale.

## Management and later life

In October 1945, MacFadyen was appointed as secretary-manager of Dundee United, a position he would hold for nine years. While he led the club to a memorable Scottish Cup giant killing against Celtic in 1949, he also oversaw United's record defeat when they lost 12–1 against the team where MacFadyen had been idolised as a player, Motherwell. He resigned from his post not long afterwards, in August 1954.
The Dundee United job was to be his last in football. After leaving the game, he worked as a physiotherapist and chiropodist. MacFadyen died in 1971.
His son Ian was also a footballer who played for Dundee United's reserve side while his father was manager, then moved to Motherwell around the time Willie also left the club, returning to Tannadice for one season in 1959.
On 27 September 2022, it was announced that MacFadyen was to be inducted into the Motherwell F.C. Hall of Fame.

## Honours
### Player

Motherwell
* Scottish League: 1931–32
* Scottish Cup runner-up: 1930–31, 1932–33
Huddersfield Town
* FA Cup runner-up: 1938
# Hal McAfee

Harold Thomas McAfee (November 20, 1953 – November 22, 2008) was an American football coach. He served as head coach at Tarleton State University from 1988 to 1992. McAfee compiled a 36–18 overall record, including an 11–1 season in 1990, the first ever undefeated regular season in school history.
McAfee was an All-Southwest Conference linebacker at the University of Arkansas. He helped the Razorbacks to a 31–10 win over Georgia in the 1976 Cotton Bowl Classic, earning him the game's Defensive Most Valuable Player award. McAfee would eventually be named to the Cotton Bowl Classic Hall of Heroes for the 1970s and the Houston Chronicle All-Time Cotton Bowl Classic team.
He started his coaching career as a defensive graduate assistant at his alma mater before moving on to the high school level. He became defensive coordinator at the high school in Marlin, Texas, before moving on to his first head coaching job at Harmony Grove High School in Camden, Arkansas.
Returning to the college football in 1986, McAfee was hired as defensive coordinator by Bill Pringle at Tarleton State University. The Texans won consecutive Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) championships in 1986 and 1987, finishing seasons 9–1–1 and 9–3, respectively.
In 1988, McAfee succeeded Pringle as head coach at Tarleton State and spent the next five years leading the team. TSU won two TIAA championships (1989 & 1990) and made it to the NAIA II National Quarterfinals twice (1989 & 1990) in those five years.
McAfee died on November 22, 2008, of a massive heart attack while exercising on a treadmill in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, where he lived. He was 55 years old.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Tarleton State Texans (Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1988–1990) ||||||
| 1988 | Tarleton State | 7–3 | 7–3 | 2nd | |
| 1989 | Tarleton State | 9–3 | 8–2 | 2nd | L NAIA Division II Quarterfinal |
| 1990 | Tarleton State | 11–1 | 6–0 | 1st | L NAIA Division II Quarterfinal |
| Tarleton State Texans (NAIA Division II independent) (1991–1992) ||||||
| 1991 | Tarleton State | 3–7 | | | |
| 1992 | Tarleton State | 6–4 | | | |
| Tarleton State: | Tarleton State: | 36–18 | 21–5 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 36–18 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||

### High school

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference |
| Harmony Grove Hornets (1983–1985) ||||||
| 1983 | Harmony Grove | 5–5 | 3–3 |
| 1984 | Harmony Grove | 7–2 | 4–2 |
| 1985 | Harmony Grove | 4–5 | 3–2 |
| Harmony Grove: | Harmony Grove: | 16–12 | 10–7 |
| Total: | Total: | 16–12 | |
# Henry Spearman

Allen Henry "Jake" Spearman (November 16, 1909 – June 1980) was an American baseball third baseman in the Negro leagues. He played from 1935 to 1946 with several teams. Four of his brothers, Charles, Clyde, Willie, and Codie, and his nephew Fred also played in the Negro leagues.
# Mountain Ash East

Mountain Ash East is a community and coterminous electoral ward in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. It primarily includes the part of the town of Mountain Ash east of the River Cynon. The community was formed in 2016 when the larger community of Mountain Ash was divided into East and West to match the ward boundaries.

## History and description

The Mountain Ash East community came into effect on 1 December 2016 following the enactment of The Rhondda Cynon Taf (Communities) Order 2016. It includes the village of Mountain Ash to the east of the River Cynon and also the villages of Newtown, Caegarw, Cwmpennar and Cefnpennar.
According to the 2011 UK Census Mountain Ash East had a population of 2,909.
Mountain Ash East includes the village's Grade II listed St Margaret's Church, designed by John Pollard Seddon.

## Electoral ward

An electoral ward of Mountain Ash East pre-existed the community. The ward elected one county councillor to Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council.
Since 1995 the ward had been represented on the council by Plaid Cymru councillor, Pauline Jarman, who was previously a councillor on Cynon Valley Borough Council. She first stood for election in 1976.
Cllr Jarman had been leader of the Plaid Cymru group on Rhondda Cynon Taff Council since 1996. The Plaid Cymru numbers doubled to 18 after the May 2017 election and were the official opposition on the council.
Following a local government boundary review, the wards of Mountain Ash East and Mountain Ash West were merged to create a new single ward of Mountain Ash, electing two councillors. Pauline Jarman stood for election in the new ward at the 2022 Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council election, though failed to win a seat.
# Threefold Training

The Buddha identified the threefold training (Sanskrit: triśikṣā; Pali: tisikkhā; or simply śikṣā or sikkhā) as training in:
* higher virtue (Pali adhisīla-sikkhā, Skt. adhiśīlaśikṣa)
* higher mind (Pali adhicitta-sikkhā, Skt. samādhiśikṣa)
* higher wisdom (Pali adhipaññā-sikkhā, Skt. prajñāśikṣa)

## In the Pali Canon

According to Theravada canonical texts, pursuing this training leads to the abandonment of lust, hatred, and delusion. One who is fully accomplished in this training attains nirvana.
In the Anguttara Nikaya, training in "higher virtue" includes following the Patimokkha, training in "higher mind" (sometimes simply referred to as "concentration") includes entering and dwelling in the four jhanas, and training in "higher wisdom" includes directly perceiving the Four Noble Truths or knowledge of destruction of the taints.
In several canonical discourses, a more "gradual" instruction (anupubbikathā) is provided to receptive lay people (see also, gradual training). This latter instruction culminates in the teaching of the Four Noble Truths which in itself concludes with the Noble Eightfold Path, the constituents of which can be mapped to this threefold training (see below).

### Similarity to threefold partition of the Noble Eightfold Path

The Buddha's threefold training is similar to the threefold grouping of the Noble Eightfold Path articulated by Bhikkhuni Dhammadinna in Culavedalla Sutta ("The Shorter Set of Questions-And-Answers Discourse," MN 44): virtue (sīlakkhandha), concentration (samādhikkhandha), wisdom (paññākkhandha ). These three-part schemes simplify and organize the Eightfold Path as follows:
| Threefold Partition | Eightfold Path | Method of Practice |
| VIRTUE | Right Speech | Five Precepts |
| VIRTUE | Right Action | Five Precepts |
| VIRTUE | Right Livelihood | Five Precepts |
| MIND | Right Effort | Dwelling in the four jhanas (meditation) |
| MIND | Right Mindfulness | Dwelling in the four jhanas (meditation) |
| MIND | Right Concentration | Dwelling in the four jhanas (meditation) |
| WISDOM | Right View | Knowing Four Noble Truths |
| WISDOM | Right Intention | Knowing Four Noble Truths |

## Mahayana

The threefold training is also part of the bodhisattva path of the Mahayana. Nagarjuna refers to it in his Letter to a Friend (Suhrllekha), verse 53:
"One should always train (shiksha) in superior discipline (adhishila), superior wisdom (adhiprajna) and superior mind (adhicitta)"
# Serpent's Wall

Serpent's Wall (Ukrainian: Змієві вали, romanized: Zmiievi valy) is an ancient system of earthworks (valla) located in the middle Dnieper Ukraine (Naddniprianshchyna) that stretch across primarily Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. They seem to be similar in purpose and character to Trajan's Wall situated to the southwest in Bessarabia. The remaining ancient walls have a total length of 1,000 km and constitute less than 20% of the original wall system.

## History

According to legend, the earthworks are the result of ancient events when a mythical hero (bohatyr), Kozmodemian (or Borysohlib), in order to slay a gargantuan Dragon (Serpent), harnessed it in a giant plow and furrowed. The Dragon (Serpent) bit the dust and left furrows, on both sides of which were immense banks of earth that became known as Serpent's Wall.
The ancient walls were built between the 2nd century BC and 7th century AD, according to carbon dating. There are three theories as to what peoples built the walls: either the Sarmatians against the Scythians, or the Goths of Oium against the Huns, or the Early East Slavs against the nomads of the southern steppes. In Slavic culture, the warlike nomads are often associated with the winged dragon, hence the name.
On the right bank of Dnieper between its tributaries Teteriv and Ros the remnants of the walls form six lines stretching from west to east. One Serpent's Wall passed over the left bank of Dnieper and its tributary Sula.
The 1974-85 explorations established that Serpent's Wall is a remnant of wooded earth fortifications built at the end of 10th and the first half of 11th centuries, smaller part in the 12th century, to protect middle Dnieper Ukraine and Kyiv from Pechenegs and Cumans.

## Gallery

* Vallums near village of Ivankovychi, Obukhiv Raion
* Wall near village of Ivankovychi
# Alfred Martineau (cricketer)

Alfred Martineau (11 November 1868 – 2 February 1940) was an English cricketer.
Alfred Martineau was educated at Uppingham School and King's College, Cambridge. A right-handed batsman and right-arm slow bowler, he played two first-class matches for Cambridge University in 1889. His brother Lionel also played first-class cricket, as did his cousins Hubert and Philip.
# Alfred White (English cricketer)

Alfred Charles White (28 February 1854 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. White's batting style is unknown. He was born at Teddington, Middlesex.
White made a single first-class appearance for Surrey against Sussex in 1881 at The Oval. Sussex won the toss and elected to bat, making 95 all out. Surrey responded in their first-innings by making 193 all out, with White ending the innings not out on 9. Sussex then made 136 all out in their second-innings, leaving Surrey with a target of 39 for victory. White opened the batting in Surrey's chase, scoring 6 runs before he was dismissed by Walter Bettesworth. Surrey reached their target with 8 wickets to spare. This was his only major appearance for Surrey.
# Ebby DeWeese

William Everett "Ebby" DeWeese (September 7, 1904 – July 18, 1942) was an American professional football player who played three seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Dayton Triangles and Portsmouth Spartans.

## Early life

William Everett DeWeese was born on September 7, 1904, in Miamisburg, Ohio. He did not play college football.

## Professional career

DeWeese signed with the Dayton Triangles of the National Football League (NFL) in 1927. He played in six games, starting four, for the Triangles during the 1927 season and wore jersey number 8. He was listed as a guard that year. The Triangles finished the 1927 season with a 1–6–1 record. DeWeese appeared in one game as a halfback for the team in 1928, wearing No. 14. He became a free agent after the season.
DeWeese played in 11 games, starting four, for the Portsmouth Spartans during the team's inaugural season in 1930. The Spartans finished the season with a 5–6–3 record. He was listed as a guard and end while with the Spartans and wore No. 52.

## Personal life

DeWeese died on July 18, 1942, in West Carrollton, Ohio at the age of 37. He is buried in Hill Grove Cemetery in Montgomery County, Ohio.