# Hamid Algar

Hamid Algar (born 1940) is a British-American Professor Emeritus of Persian studies at the Faculty of Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley. He writes on Persian and Arabic literature and contemporary history of Iran, Turkey, the Balkans and Afghanistan. He served on the UC Berkeley faculty for 45 years (from 1965 to 2010). Algar remains an active scholar and his research has concentrated on the Islamic history of the Perso-Turkish world, with particular emphasis on Iranian Shi'ism during the past two centuries and the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Algar is a Shia Muslim.
Algar, who was born in England, first converted to Sunni Islam and later chose to follow Shia Islam. He has also translated books written by contemporary political Shiite theologians, like Ruhollah Khomeini's book Velayat-e Faqih and books written by Ali Shariati, Murteza Mutahhari and Mahmoud Taleqani. For his enthusiastic promotion of Khomeinism as well as his heroic admiration for Ayatollah Khomeini, National Review dubbed him as "Khomeini’s Favorite American".

## Life and career

After earning his B.A. with first-class honors in Oriental Languages (Arabic and Persian) at Trinity College, Cambridge, he was offered a scholarship to Tehran University in Iran, where he planned to work for his Ph.D. He then moved to Cambridge and defended his thesis in 1965. Algar wrote his Ph.D. on the political role of Shi'a religious scholars in the 19th century.
In regards to his conversion to Islam, Algar has said, "I don't look like the average person's idea of a Muslim."

## Views and scholarly critiques

Algar is described as "a seasoned scholar who knows his Islamic theology and modern Middle Eastern history".

## Controversies

He caused a public incident in April 1998, during an on-campus commemoration of the Armenian genocide organized by the Armenian Students' Association, when he allegedly said that Armenian genocide never happened and made other controversial remarks. A subsequent complaint prompted the university to carry out an investigation. In January 1999, the five-month-long investigation concluded and found that while Professor Algar's comments "seem to fall within the bounds of constitutionally protected speech", it did not mean that "the University condones the type of speech used by the parties."
The Complaint Resolution Office did, however, issue an apology to the students on behalf of the university. Not satisfied with the university's response, the students turned to the Associated Students of UC Berkeley, which unanimously passed a resolution entitled "A Bill Against Hate Speech and in Support of Reprimand for Prof. Algar" on March 10, 1999.

## Books

* 1- Imam Abu Hamid Ghazali,
* 2- Jesus in the Qur'an
* 3- Roots of The Islamic Revolution in Iran
* 4- Sufism: Principles and Practice
* 5- Surat Al-Fatiha: Foundation of the Qur'an
* 6- The Sunna: Its Obligatory and Exemplary Aspects
* 7- Wahhabism: A Critical Essay
* 8- Religion and State in Iran: 1785-1906 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969)
* 9- Mirza Malkum Khan: A Biographical Study in Iranian Modernism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973)
* 10- translator from the Persian with introduction and annotations to The Path of God's Bondsmen from Origin to Return by Najm al-Din Razi, known as Daya (Delmar, NY: Caravan Books, 1982)
* 11- translator and annotator, Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1981)