# Solar eclipse of July 8, 1842

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, July 8, 1842, with a magnitude of 1.0543. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2 days before perigee (on July 10, 1842, at 7:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day Portugal, Spain, Andorra, France, Monaco, Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, southeastern Poland, Ukraine, southeastern Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Europe, North Africa, Asia, Alaska, Greenland, and northern Canada.

## Observations

Francis Baily observed the total solar eclipse from Italy, focusing his attention on the solar corona and prominences and identified them as part of the Sun's atmosphere. The solar eclipse effect now called Baily's beads named in honor of him after his correct explanation of the phenomenon in 1836.
* Francis Baily

## Artistic depictions

| Venice | Austria | Vienna |

## Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
July 8, 1842 Solar Eclipse Times :
| Event | Time (UTC) |
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1842 July 08 at 04:32:40.3 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1842 July 08 at 05:32:39.4 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1842 July 08 at 05:33:50.6 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1842 July 08 at 05:35:02.0 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1842 July 08 at 06:55:35.2 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1842 July 08 at 07:01:31.8 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1842 July 08 at 07:04:59.2 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1842 July 08 at 07:06:26.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1842 July 08 at 08:37:56.8 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1842 July 08 at 08:39:10.0 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1842 July 08 at 08:40:23.1 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1842 July 08 at 09:40:14.0 UTC |
July 8, 1842 Solar Eclipse Parameters :
| Parameter | Value |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.05427 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.11149 |
| Gamma | 0.47266 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 07h07m53.4s |
| Sun Declination | +22°32'34.5" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'43.8" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.6" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 07h08m19.7s |
| Moon Declination | +23°00'12.1" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'20.6" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°59'58.8" |
| ΔT | 5.5 s |

## Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
Eclipse season of July 1842 :
| July 8 Descending node (new moon) | July 22 Ascending node (full moon) |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 124 | Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 136 |

## Related eclipses
### Eclipses in 1842

* An annular solar eclipse on January 11.
* A partial lunar eclipse on January 26.
* A total solar eclipse on July 8.
* A partial lunar eclipse on July 22.
* A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 17.
* An annular solar eclipse on December 31.

### Metonic

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 18, 1838
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 25, 1846

### Tzolkinex

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 27, 1835
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 18, 1849

### Half-Saros

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of July 2, 1833
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 13, 1851

### Tritos

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 7, 1831
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 6, 1853

### Solar Saros 124

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 26, 1824
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 18, 1860

### Inex

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 27, 1813
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 18, 1871

### Triad

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 6, 1755
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 9, 1929

### Solar eclipses of 1841–1844

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.
The partial solar eclipses on February 21, 1841 and August 16, 1841 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on November 10, 1844 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
Solar eclipse series sets from 1841 to 1844 :
| Ascending node | Ascending node | Ascending node | Descending node | Descending node | Descending node |
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma |
| 109 | January 22, 1841 Partial | −1.5516 | 114 | July 18, 1841 Partial | 1.1903 |
| 119 | January 11, 1842 Annular | −0.8882 | 124 | July 8, 1842 Total | 0.4727 |
| 129 | December 31, 1842 Annular | −0.1727 | 134 | June 27, 1843 Hybrid | −0.3037 |
| 139 | December 21, 1843 Total | 0.5227 | 144 | June 16, 1844 Partial | −1.1092 |
| 149 | December 9, 1844 Partial | 1.1682 |

### Saros 124

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 124, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 6, 1049. It contains total eclipses from June 12, 1211 through September 22, 1968, and a hybrid eclipse on October 3, 1986. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on May 11, 2347. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 5 minutes, 46 seconds on May 3, 1734. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.
Series members 43–64 occur between 1801 and 2200: :
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
| June 16, 1806 | June 26, 1824 | July 8, 1842 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
| July 18, 1860 | July 29, 1878 | August 9, 1896 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
| August 21, 1914 | August 31, 1932 | September 12, 1950 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
| September 22, 1968 | October 3, 1986 | October 14, 2004 |
| 55 | 56 | 57 |
| October 25, 2022 | November 4, 2040 | November 16, 2058 |
| 58 | 59 | 60 |
| November 26, 2076 | December 7, 2094 | December 19, 2112 |
| 61 | 62 | 63 |
| December 30, 2130 | January 9, 2149 | January 21, 2167 |
| 64 |
| January 31, 2185 |

### Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
25 eclipse events between February 12, 1812 and September 18, 1895 :
| February 11–12 | November 30–December 1 | September 17–19 | July 7–8 | April 25–26 |
| 108 | 110 | 112 | 114 | 116 |
| February 12, 1812 | | September 19, 1819 | July 8, 1823 | April 26, 1827 |
| 118 | 120 | 122 | 124 | 126 |
| February 12, 1831 | November 30, 1834 | September 18, 1838 | July 8, 1842 | April 25, 1846 |
| 128 | 130 | 132 | 134 | 136 |
| February 12, 1850 | November 30, 1853 | September 18, 1857 | July 8, 1861 | April 25, 1865 |
| 138 | 140 | 142 | 144 | 146 |
| February 11, 1869 | November 30, 1872 | September 17, 1876 | July 7, 1880 | April 25, 1884 |
| 148 | 150 | 152 |
| February 11, 1888 | December 1, 1891 | September 18, 1895 |

### Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Series members between 1801 and 2200 :
| October 9, 1809 (Saros 121) | September 7, 1820 (Saros 122) | August 7, 1831 (Saros 123) | July 8, 1842 (Saros 124) | June 6, 1853 (Saros 125) |
| May 6, 1864 (Saros 126) | April 6, 1875 (Saros 127) | March 5, 1886 (Saros 128) | February 1, 1897 (Saros 129) | January 3, 1908 (Saros 130) |
| December 3, 1918 (Saros 131) | November 1, 1929 (Saros 132) | October 1, 1940 (Saros 133) | September 1, 1951 (Saros 134) | July 31, 1962 (Saros 135) |
| June 30, 1973 (Saros 136) | May 30, 1984 (Saros 137) | April 29, 1995 (Saros 138) | March 29, 2006 (Saros 139) | February 26, 2017 (Saros 140) |
| January 26, 2028 (Saros 141) | December 26, 2038 (Saros 142) | November 25, 2049 (Saros 143) | October 24, 2060 (Saros 144) | September 23, 2071 (Saros 145) |
| August 24, 2082 (Saros 146) | July 23, 2093 (Saros 147) | June 22, 2104 (Saros 148) | May 24, 2115 (Saros 149) | April 22, 2126 (Saros 150) |
| March 21, 2137 (Saros 151) | February 19, 2148 (Saros 152) | January 19, 2159 (Saros 153) | December 18, 2169 (Saros 154) | November 17, 2180 (Saros 155) |
| October 18, 2191 (Saros 156) |

### Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Series members between 1801 and 2200 :
| July 27, 1813 (Saros 123) | July 8, 1842 (Saros 124) | June 18, 1871 (Saros 125) |
| May 28, 1900 (Saros 126) | May 9, 1929 (Saros 127) | April 19, 1958 (Saros 128) |
| March 29, 1987 (Saros 129) | March 9, 2016 (Saros 130) | February 16, 2045 (Saros 131) |
| January 27, 2074 (Saros 132) | January 8, 2103 (Saros 133) | December 19, 2131 (Saros 134) |
| November 27, 2160 (Saros 135) | November 8, 2189 (Saros 136) | |