OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mansfield School District (Arkansas)

Mansfield School District is a public school district based in Mansfield, Arkansas. MSD provides early childhood, elementary and secondary education to more than 950 students and employs more than 150 educators and staff for its three schools and district offices.
The school district encompasses 135.74 square miles (351.6 km$^2$) of land in Scott, Sebastian, and Logan counties.
Within Sebastian County the school district boundary includes that county's part of Mansfield and all of Huntington. The portion of the district in Scott County includes the remainder of Mansfield.

## History

On January 8, 1889, the Mansfield School District was formed. A two-story school building was constructed to meet growing educational needs in 1905 at the cost of $10,000; it served the district until a new high school was built in 1968. Many area schools were consolidated into the district, with the last being the Huntington district in the mid-1960s.
The Phyllis Wheatley School, located in Huntington, was a school established for the African-American children in the region of south Sebastian County. Students in the first through eighth grades attended the school. Those students above the eighth grade had to attend high school in Fort Smith (Sebastian County), even though a high school was less than a mile away across Cherokee Creek and two miles away in Mansfield. The Phyllis Wheatley School was consolidated with Mansfield Public School in 1962; many other area schools were also consolidated into the Mansfield district around that time.
A new elementary school was built in 1964; it is still used today. In 2004, students began attending a new high school complex, which included a gymnasium and football stadium, built near the old area of the original Chocoville site.

## Schools

* Mansfield High School, serving grades 9 through 12.
* Mansfield Middle School, serving grades 5 through 8.
* Mansfield Elementary School, serving prekindergarten through grade 4.
# Ian McNaught-Davis

Ian McNaught-Davis (30 August 1929 – 10 February 2014) was a British television presenter best known for presenting the BBC television series The Computer Programme, Making the Most of the Micro and Micro Live in the 1980s. He was also a mountaineer and alpinist. He was managing director of the British subsidiary of Comshare.

## Early life and career

The son of Stanley McNaught-Davis, an ex RAF pilot, he was educated at Rothwell Grammar School in Lofthouse, West Yorkshire followed by national service in the Royal Air Force where his poor eyesight thwarted his ambitions to become a pilot. He achieved a first in Mathematics at the University of Manchester, where he also became an active mountaineer.
After university he had a variety of jobs including digging ice tunnels for glaciologists on Monte Rosa in Switzerland; fixing roofs and teaching. Eventually he settled as a geophysicist for BP, specialising in Africa.

### Mountaineering

McNaught-Davis was a keen climber, hill walker and hiker. In 1956 he was one of the first to climb the "unclimbable" Muztagh Tower in the Karakoram range in Baltistan. He became honorary librarian of the Climbers' Club in 1961.
In the 1960s, he was a climbing partner of Joe Brown. He took part with Brown in the televised climb of the Old Man of Hoy. He also took part in a climb of the Eiffel Tower, which was televised on the ABC network's Wide World of Sports.
McNaught-Davis made his television debut in 1965 as one of the presenters of a BBC TV mountaineering programme Men Against the Matterhorn, with David Dimbleby and Christopher Brasher.

### Computing and TV presentation

In the 1970s, he changed career becoming active in information technology, and joined Comshare, where he remained until retirement in 1995. Comshare specialised in software development and resale of redundant operational time on mainframe computer systems. He rose to become chief executive of the European division and managing director of the British subsidiary.
Between 1975 and 1978, he presented the BBC series It's Patently Obvious, a game show in which two panels of celebrities tried to guess the purpose of unfamiliar inventions.
He presented another BBC series The Computer Programme, Making the Most of the Micro and Micro Live in the 1980s.
In 2008 he was a speaker (along with Dave Allen and George Auckland) at an event entitled The BBC Micro and its legacy hosted by the Computer Conservation Society.

## Honours

McNaught-Davis was the first non-Swiss holder of the post president of the UIAA (International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation) between the years of 1995 and 2004.
In 2012 he was a patron of the British Mountaineering Council.

## Private life

He married twice, having two sons, John and Simon, from his first marriage, and a daughter, Elvira Hurrell, from his second marriage to Loreto Herman.
# Lambdopsalis

Lambdopsalis is an extinct multituberculate mammal from the Late Paleocene of China and Mongolia. It is placed within the suborder Cimolodonta and is a member of the superfamily Taeniolabidoidea. Fossil remains have been found in the Late Paleocene Nomogen and Khashat Formations in Nao-mugen and Bayn Ulan of China and Mongolia, dated to 59-55 million years ago from the Thanetian age. Lambdopsalis bulla is the type species of this genus. The genus and species were named by Chow and Tao Qi in 1978.
Hair and fur fossilize very infrequently, if at all. This genus of multituberculate mammals provides one of the earliest unequivocal examples of mammal fur (Lower Cretaceous fossils of Eomaia, Volaticotherium and Castorocauda with the fur preserved still attached are currently the oldest). Indirect evidence suggest that hair first appeared on non-mammalian therapsids (Therapsida), back in the Triassic or even earlier. This is inferred from small hollows on the bone of the snout similar to holes in the skulls of cats which provide space for concentrations of nerves and blood vessels that innervate prominent whiskers (specialized hairs). This adaptation allows cats to use their whiskers as effective tactile sensory organs.
In the same Upper Paleocene strata, exceptionally preserved coprolites, originally excreted by unknown carnivorous animals, were discovered to contain undigested remains, including hair from Lambdopsalis and three other different mammal taxa.
Studies on its tooth prism and enamel patterns have been performed. It had deciduous enamel, and there is evidence that adults and juveniles had substantially different diets. Cervical vertebrae C2-C3 or C2-C3-C4 appear to be typically fused in individuals of this genus. Based on its robust humerus bones, its flat skull, its fused and stiff neck bones, and thick enamel on its lower incisors, it is believed that this genus was either partially or fully adapted to a burrowing (fossorial) lifestyle. Kielan-Jaworowska and Qi suggest similar locomotive behavior to the modern Golden mole. Fully grown L.bulla individuals were estimated to have had a body mass of 0.78 kilograms (1.7 lb) and skull length of about 60.8 millimetres (2.39 in).
# War of Ferrara (1308–1313)

The War of Ferrara was fought in 1308–1313 between the Republic of Venice and the House of Este, backed by the Papacy. It began as a succession struggle in Ferrara following the death of Marquis Azzo VIII d'Este. Venice supported the claims of Azzo's illegitimate son, Fresco, against Azzo's brother, Francesco, who in turn sought support from Pope Clement V.
Venice seized Castel Tedaldo in Ferrara, while parts of the city came under Papal control. After Venice rebuffed a Papal embassy, the Republic was placed under interdict and a crusade declared against it; Venice responded by annexing Ferrara outright.
By 1309, the Venetians found themselves confronted by a large coalition of local cities, including Bologna, Ravenna and Padua, that resented Venetian economic dominance and now feared a looming political hegemony as well. Venice had the support of Treviso and the Scaligers of Verona, but suffered critical setbacks, including failed revolts in Aquileia, Istria, and Zara. The loss of the Marcamò fort blocked use of the Ferrarese branch of the Po River, and eventually the Venetian garrison in Ferrara, weakened by military defeats and disease, was overwhelmed in August 1309, after a relief fleet led by Marco Querini [it] was defeated.
Long negotiations followed, before a treaty was concluded in 1313 that ended the war in a complete Papal victory: Venice surrendered all claims to Ferrara, recognized it as Papal territory, and agreed to restrictions on its use of the Po River. Though the terms were harsh, Venice retained access to the Po over Ferrara, ensuring control over critical trade routes. The tensions created by the war also played a role in the conception of the failed conspiracy of Marco Querini and Bajamonte Tiepolo in 1310.

## Sources

* Hazlitt, W. Carew (1860). The Venetian Republic: Its Rise, its Growth, and its Fall, 421–1797. Volume II. London: Smith, Elder & Co. ISBN 978-0-404-03194-7.
* Hazlitt, W. Carew (1860). The Venetian Republic: Its Rise, its Growth, and its Fall, 421–1797. Volume III. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
* Romano, Dennis (2024). Venice: The Remarkable History of the Lagoon City. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19085998-5.
* Soranzo, Giovanni (1905). 'La guerra fra Venezia e la S. Sede per il dominio di Ferrara (1308–1313) (in Italian). Città di Castello.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Varanini, Gian Maria (1997). "Venezia e l'entroterra (1300 circa - 1420)". Storia di Venezia dalle origini alla caduta della Serenissima. Vol. III, La formazione dello stato patrizio (in Italian). Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 159–236.
# Marloth Park

Marloth Park is a wildlife sanctuary and holiday town situated in northeastern South Africa in the lowveld region of Mpumalanga province (formerly Eastern Transvaal), between the towns of Malelane and Komatipoort. It occupies an area of some 3000 hectares and shares a boundary with the Kruger National Park.

## Geography

It is located along the south bank of the Crocodile River, which also forms the southern boundary of the Kruger National Park, while its Lionspruit section of 1500 ha borders the N4 national freeway to the south. The Kruger Park's Malelane and Crocodile Bridge entry gates are respectively 35 km and 14 km to the west and east.
Marloth Park boasts four of the “Big Five”, the exception being the bush elephant. Buffalo, rhino and lion are confined to Marloth's game reserve, Lionspruit; Visitors have access to Lionspruit in their private vehicles, though some tracks may require a 4x4. Picnic and braai areas, besides viewpoints and water places are found here.
The remaining game species such as kudu, zebra, giraffe, blue wildebeest, nyala, impala, bushbuck, warthog, baboon, vervet monkey, ostrich and others aren't restricted by fences and roam freely between the units that occupy the northern section. In addition other small game and a varied bird life is present. Sometimes, lions from Kruger Park roam into Marloth Park.

## History

It opened in 1972 as a holiday township, before Marloth Park was founded in 1977. It is named after German botanist, Rudolf Marloth, after whom the native Aloe marlothii is named. This plant is found abundantly in the middle and lowveld.

## Tourism

Marloth Park is a stopover point for tourists travelling to the Kruger National Park, to Mozambique or to Eswatini. Many lodges and private houses are found inside the Park. The holiday town is a unique project, in that a large part of the park was left natural. Besides the boundary with Lionspruit, there are no internal fences and the vegetation remains in an original state. Marloth Park is separated by a boundary fence and by the Crocodile River from Kruger Park. Meanwhile, the infrastructure of the natural park is well developed.
Inside Marloth Park movement is not confined to the housing units. Freedom of movement allows tourists to ride a bicycle or go for a walk on their own through the bush. While walking along the Crocodile River, wildlife scenes of the adjacent Kruger National Park also come into view. Local restaurants, shops and a filling station are easily accessible.

## Climate

Marloth Park features a humid subtropical climate with mild winters and hot summers.

## Notable residents

* Philippe Morvan [fr], French writer.
* Pieter Pieterse [af], South African writer.
# Ghoomar

Ghoomar or ghumar is a traditional folk dance of Rajasthan. It was the Bhil tribe who performed it to worship Goddess Saraswati which was later embraced by Rajputs. The dance is chiefly performed by veiled women who wear flowing dresses called ghaghara. The dance typically involves performers pirouetting while moving in and out of a wide circle. The word ghoomna describes the twirling movement of the dancers and is the basis of the word ghoomar.
According to the traditional rituals, newly married bride is expected to dance ghoomar on being welcomed to her new marital home. Ghoomar is often performed on special occasions, such as at weddings, festivals and religious occasions, which sometimes lasts for hours.

## History

Ghoomar is of Bhil tribe performed to worship goddess Sarasvati which was later embraced by other Rajasthani communities. Bheels were a strong community at that time and were in constant war with Rajput kings. After much fighting peace was made and they began interacting with each other. Ghoomar was performed at Rajputana by local women, later on Rajput elite women also started participating in the dance. Men were not allowed at these dance performances. Ghoomar became popular in the Indian state of Rajasthan during the reigns of Rajput kings, and is typically performed by women during auspicious occasions. Women perform ghoomar with ghoonghat on their head covering their face. The dance form acquires different style and slight change in attire with the different regions of Rajasthan. Ghoomar is performed with faster beats in areas adjoining Gujarat, steps similar to garba style, while slower beats in Dhaulpur Karauli Braj kshetra, similarly difference in attire and dancing style can be seen in Udaipur, Kota, Bundi etc.

## Ghoomar Songs

As a traditional dance, ghoomar often includes traditional songs such as "Gorband", "Podina", "Rumal" and "Mor Bole Re". Songs might be centered on royal legends or their traditions.
* "Jaipur jao to"-Traditional Rajasthani Folk Dance
* "Chirmi Mhari Chirmali"
* "Aave Hichki" - Traditional Rajasthani Ghoomar song
* "Mhari Ghoomar Chye Nakhrali"
* "Jawai Ji Pawna" - Rajasthani folk song
* "Taara Ri Chundadi"
* "Mharo Gorband Nakhralo"
* "Naina Ra Lobhi"
* "Aur Rang De "
* "Ghoomar"
* "Surat Aap Ri Bannsa"

## Cultural impact

* "Gangaur Ghoomar Dance Academy" was established by Maharani Rajmata Goverdhan Kumari of Santrampur in 1986, to preserve and promote ghoomar folk dance. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for her contributions to arts.
* The 2017 Bollywood film Padmaavat featured a popular song titled "Ghoomar" that showcased this traditional folk dance.

## Gallery

* A Rajput woman performing ghoomar
* A tribal woman performing ghoomar
* Women performing ghoomar at a wedding
* Women performing ghoomar
# Hadım Suleiman Pasha

Hadım (Eunuch) Suleiman Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: خادم سلیمان پاشا; Turkish: Hadım Süleyman Paşa; c. 1467 – September 1547) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander of Greek descent. He served as the governor of Ottoman Egypt in 1525–1535 and 1537–1538, and as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1541 and 1544. He was a eunuch.
The Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ordered Suleiman Pasha as governor of Egypt to conduct a naval expedition in the Indian Ocean, where he led the capture of Aden and the siege of Diu (in Portuguese India) in 1538. Suleiman Pasha was a benefactor of his long-serving successor in the Egyptian governorship, Davud Pasha (served 1538–1549), whom he championed for the role to spite his rival and colleague, Rüstem Pasha.
# Gunther Krabbenhoft

Gunther Anton Krabbenhoft (born 1945 in Hildesheim) is a German fashion model.

## Early life

Gunther Krabbenhoft was born in 1945 near Hanover and grew up with four siblings. He trained as a cook and worked in the profession for around 50 years. He was married at 25, had a daughter, and after divorcing ten years later, he raised her alone.
Since 1968, Krabbenhöft has lived in West Berlin, first in Moabit and then in Kreuzberg. He has two grandchildren.

## Modeling career

Krabbenhöft started gaining attention in February 2015 for his regular visits to Berlin's techno clubs.
He is represented as a model by a Berlin advertising agency, with his bowler hat and vest becoming his trademarks.

## Awards

* 2015: Street Fashion Pluck Award by VDMD – Network of German Fashion and Textile Designers.
# Galopando TV

Galopando TV is a Venezuelan community television channel. It was created in August 2004 and can be seen in the community of Tucupido in the Jose Felix Ribas Municipality of the Guarico State of Venezuela on UHF channel 58. Jesus Vargas is the legal representative of the foundation that owns this channel.
Galopando TV does not have a website.
# LaSalle Fish and Wildlife Area

LaSalle Fish and Wildlife Area is a protected area that covers 3,797 acres (1,537 ha) dedicated to providing hunting and fishing opportunities. It is located south on County Road 650W, near Lake Village, Indiana on the Kankakee River.

## Wildlife

During the spring migration (March), waterfowl are at their peak abundance. Hunting is permitted during the appropriate seasons.

## Facilities

* Wildlife Viewing
* Picnicking
* Ice Fishing
* Hunting
* Trapping
* Dog Training Area
* Boat Ramp
# Leon Wachholz

Leon Jan Wachholz (Wacholz) (June 20, 1867 – December 1, 1942) was a Polish scientist and medical examiner. He researched and taught as a professor of forensic and social medicine at the Jagiellonian University between 1896 and 1933 and published formative works on forensics.
He is considered to be one of the most important representatives of forensic medicine in Poland in the 20th century and creator of the modern Polish forensic medical school. He authored over 200 papers in forensic medicine and medical history both in German and Polish.

## Life

Wachholz was born (1867-06-20)June 20, 1867 in Kraków to Antoni Wachholz (1814–1873), who was a professor of universal history at Jagiellonian University, and Joanna née Zagórska.
He studied at Jagiellonian University, which he graduated with a doctorate in medical sciences in 1890. Then he completed supplementary studies at universities in Copenhagen, Berlin, Paris and Vienna.
After returning to Kraków, in 1894, he received his postdoctoral degree in forensic medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University, and then in the years 1894–1895 he was the head of the Department of Forensic Medicine. In 1895, he was appointed head of the Department of Judiciary and Medicine at the Jagiellonian University, which he held until 1923. He was appointed associate professor in 1896, and full professor in 1898. In the academic year 1901/1902 he was the dean of The Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University, and in 1908/1909 the dean of the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University. In 1930, he became a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1934 he was appointed honorary professor of the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University.
His students included Włodzimierz Sieradzki, Stefan Horoszkiewicz, and Wiktor Grzywo-Dąbrowski [pl].

### Imprisonment and death

On November 6, 1939, he was arrested by the Germans. After three weeks in prisons in Kraków and Wrocław, he ended up in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. His stay in the camp had a bad effect on his health, and he was placed in the camp hospital. He was released from the camp on February 8, 1940, and returned to Kraków seriously ill. He never recovered and died there (1942-12-01)December 1, 1942.

### Personal life

He was married to Józefa Sariusz Jelita – Małecka.
Wilhelm Szczęsny Wachholz [pl] (1897–1957), professor for administrative law at Jagiellonian University, was his son.
# Sugisawadai Site

The Sugisawadai ruins (杉沢台遺跡, Sugisawadai iseki) is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a large Jōmon period settlement located in the Iwao neighborhood or the city of Noshiro, Akita in the Tōhoku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1981.

## Overview

The Sugisawadai ruins are located on the north side of the Shinonome Plateau, at an elevation of about 35 meters in the lower Yonedai River area, near the Sea of Japan. It is a large village site centering on the first half of the Jōmon period and extends over an area of 35,000 square meters. As a result of excavation surveys by the Akita Prefectural Board of Education and the Noshiro City Board of Education since 1980, a number of remains were confirmed. These included the foundations of 44 pit dwellings, including 4 large oval longhouse-style dwellings. One of these structures had a length of 31 meters, and is thought to hav served for some ceremonial purpose. The site also has 109 flask-shaped storage pits for food storage. Many of the flask-shaped storage holes were two meters deep, and some contained the remnants of discarded shells. Of note was a polished stone axe from the early Jōmon period which was made of a type of stone found only in the Hidaka region of Hokkaidō. Some stone fragments of the same type of rock were also found in the vicinity, leading to the speculation that the stone ax was made locally from raw materials obtained by trade with Hokkaidō.
Other artifacts recovered included a stone sarcophagus and stone weights which were used with fishing nets, as well as numerous examples of Jōmon pottery, including cylindrical pots with evidence that they were used for cooking.
During the Heian period, a portion of the site was occupied by a later village, and the traces of five pit dwellings from that period have been confirmed. There is another extensive ruin from the Yayoi period, the Sugisawano ruins, located a short distance to the south, which are not part of the National Historic Site designation.
Sugisawadai Site is located approximately a 30-minute walk from Kita-Noshiro Station on the JR East Gonō Line.
# Zalesiany, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Zalesiany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gdów, within Wieliczka County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.
# Ron Zwerver

Ronald ("Ron") Ferdinand Zwerver (born 6 June 1967) is a volleyball coach and former volleyball player from the Netherlands who represented his native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988 in Seoul. Zwerver was one of the dominant forces in Dutch volleyball in the 1990s. He was selected as the "best attacker" at both the 1990 and 1994 FIVB World Championships.
Zwerver was a member of the Dutch team that won the silver medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he was selected as the "best server", and the gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
In 2017, Zwerver was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

## Coaching

Zwerver coached Nesselande, a team that plays in the highest Dutch volleyball league. He has also served as an assistant coach for the Oregon State University women's volleyball team.

## Individual awards

* 1990 FIVB World League "Best Spiker"
* 1990 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship "Best Spiker"
* 1991 FIVB World League "Best Server"
* 1991 FIVB World League "Best Spiker"
* 1994 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship "Best Spiker"