# Doral, Florida

Doral is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. One of 34 municipalities in the county, it is located 5 miles (8 km) west of Miami International Airport and 13 miles (21 km) west of Downtown Miami. Doral occupies 15 square miles (39 km$^2$) bordered on the west by the Ronald Reagan Turnpike and the Florida Everglades, on the north by the town of Medley, on the east by the Palmetto Expressway and on the south by the Dolphin Expressway and the city of Sweetwater. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 census, Doral had a population of 75,874, up from 45,704 in 2010.
Doral has operated under the mayor-council-manager form of government since incorporation. Policymaking and legislative authority are vested in a governing council consisting of the mayor and four other councilmembers. The council, which is elected at large, is responsible for passing ordinances and resolutions, adopting the annual budget, and appointing the city manager, city clerk and city attorney. The city manager is responsible for carrying out the council's policies and ordinances, overseeing the government's daily operations, and appointing the heads of various departments.
For a city of its size, Doral has many shops, financial institutions and businesses, especially importers and exporters, primarily because of its proximity to the airport. In 2008, Fortune Small Business and CNN Money ranked Doral 51st on a list of 100 cities with the best mix of business advantages and lifestyle appeal. The city was named a 2019 All-America City Award finalist and one of the Best Places to Live in 2018 by Money magazine.

## History

In the late 1950s, real estate pioneers Alfred and Doris Kaskel purchased 2,400 acres (9.7 km$^2$) of swampland between Northwest 36 Street and Northwest 74 Street and from Northwest 79 Avenue to Northwest 117 Avenue for about $49,000, intending to build a golf course and hotel. In 1962, the Doral Country Club opened in western Dade County, featuring the blue, red, and par-3 golf courses, along with a hotel on Miami Beach. The "Doral" name is a combination of Doris and Alfred's names. As Doral's first structure, the Doral Hotel, and Country Club became the area's hot spot: guests were transported from the beach to the country club for a day on the golf course.
In the second year of operations, the Kaskels hosted the first Doral Open Invitational, Florida's major PGA event. Alfred offered $50,000 in prize money to attract well-known golfers and add credibility to the course. According to the South Florida Golf Foundation, at the time, only three other tournaments were held in Florida, offering a combined total of $65,000 prize money.
By the early 1980s, Doral experienced its first residential growth spurt, when Alfred's and Doris' grandson Bill developed Doral Estates, followed by a joint venture with Lennar to build Doral Park. Both communities were named after the hotel, a trend that was to be repeated many more times. Although younger families started flooding the area, there were no stores, schools, or parks. Initially, most new homes were investment properties or second homes, but early full-time residents started coming together as a community.
From 1983 to 1985, Miami-Dade County imposed a building moratorium to protect the area's water wells. Once the ban was lifted, Doral experienced tremendous growth. In 1989, Morgan Levy helped organize the West Dade Federation of Homeowner Associations to stand strong against proposals that threatened the community's welfare. Thus, they secured a police station instead of a jail and convinced county officials to implement higher development standards and more lighting, roads, and landscaping.
In 1995, residents began lobbying for incorporation in earnest, dissatisfied with the high tax rate relative to the services they received, as well as unchecked growth. The county met the first attempt at incorporation with a year's deferral. Some classified Doral as a "donor community", meaning that the taxes paid were more than the cost of operations. With the deferral, incorporation efforts intensified even more. In 1996, the community elected its first community council: Jose "Pepe" Cancio Sr., Mario Pita, and Barbara B. Thomas were elected, and three other members were appointed. The council initially met once every month.
In 2002, Governor Jeb Bush appointed Cancio to fill the remainder of Miami-Dade Commissioner Miriam Alonso's term of office. Doral residents hoped that his appointment would bring the community closer to incorporation, and their hopes were realized. Although Cancio endorsed Juan Carlos Bermudez, the City of Doral's first elected Mayor, as his replacement on the Community Council, Bermudez declined the offer, ran for the seat, and was elected. At the time, Bermudez was president of One Doral, a civic organization formed to counteract the perceived influence of the West Dade Federation on the new Council. However, both One Doral and the West Dade Federation proved essential to the incorporation process.
In January 2003, following a seven-year battle, 85% of Doral's voters voted in favor of incorporation. In June of the same year, 92% voted to accept the City Charter and elected their first Mayor and City Council.
The new City of Doral was named as an attractive location for entrepreneurs with an interest in the Latin America market. Mayor Luigi Boria, elected in November 2012, became the second Venezuelan-American mayor in the United States. He was replaced by Juan Carlos Bermudez who won a reelection bid in 2016. Mayor Bermudez was again reelected in November 2020 with 69.85% of votes for four more years to lead the community.
On December 13, 2022, during a run-off election, Doral voters made history by electing Doral's first female Mayor, Christi Fraga, with 54.5% of the votes.

## Media

Doral Community Newspapers, which is published bi-weekly and is part of Miami Community Newspapers, is one of the local publications in Doral. Another long-standing publication is Doral Family Journal, also publishing bi-weekly.
Two big media outlets have their headquarters in Doral: Univision Network/Fusion and CBS-owned & operated affiliate WFOR-TV, Channel 4. Several studios and other TV operations work out of Doral. The Telemundo chain has a presence in the city, with one of its main office and production units located there.

## Geography

Doral is located at 25°48′29″N 80°21′12″W﻿ / ﻿25.808145°N 80.353322°W﻿ / 25.808145; -80.353322.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.08 square miles (39.1 km$^2$). 13.85 square miles (35.9 km$^2$) of it are land and 1.23 square miles (3.2 km$^2$) of it (8.14%) are water.

### Surrounding areas

    Town of Medley
    Unincorporated Miami-Dade County Hialeah
    Unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Tamiami Miami Springs
    Tamiami West Miami
    Fontainebleau

### Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Doral has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) bordering a tropical savanna climate (Aw).
Doral has hot-humid summers with the heat index regularly surpassing 100 °F (37°C) and higher. The rainy season in Doral runs from May through October when the majority of the city's rainfall occurs. Winters are short, dry, and warm with occasional dips in temperatures during the passage of cold fronts.
Climate data for Doral, Florida, 2001-2020 normals, extremes 1991-present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 90 (32) | 92 (33) | 93 (34) | 96 (36) | 98 (37) | 99 (37) | 100 (38) | 99 (37) | 98 (37) | 97 (36) | 93 (34) | 90 (32) | 100 (38) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 78.3 (25.7) | 79.2 (26.2) | 81.4 (27.4) | 83.7 (28.7) | 86.8 (30.4) | 91.4 (33.0) | 92.3 (33.5) | 92.1 (33.4) | 90.4 (32.4) | 86.4 (30.2) | 82.6 (28.1) | 79.7 (26.5) | 85.4 (29.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 62.6 (17.0) | 65.7 (18.7) | 66.0 (18.9) | 68.3 (20.2) | 73.2 (22.9) | 77.7 (25.4) | 79.1 (26.2) | 79.2 (26.2) | 77.7 (25.4) | 72.5 (22.5) | 67.3 (19.6) | 63.6 (17.6) | 71.1 (21.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 35 (2) | 38 (3) | 44 (7) | 53 (12) | 56 (13) | 63 (17) | 65 (18) | 66 (19) | 61 (16) | 51 (11) | 45 (7) | 36 (2) | 35 (2) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.41 (36) | 1.37 (35) | 1.26 (32) | 3.08 (78) | 5.86 (149) | 10.39 (264) | 8.94 (227) | 10.23 (260) | 11.84 (301) | 8.86 (225) | 3.29 (84) | 2.60 (66) | 69.13 (1,757) |
| Average precipitation days | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 9.4 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.2 | 15.8 | 7.7 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 97.7 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

| Historical demographics | 2020 | 2010 |
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 9.8% | 14.6% |
| Hispanic | 83.0% | 79.5% |
| Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) | 1.1% | 1.6% |
| Asian and Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) | 2.9% | 3.4% |
| Native American (Non-Hispanic) | 0.1% | < 0.1% |
| Some other race (Non-Hispanic) | 0.7% | 0.3% |
| Two or more races (Non-Hispanic) | 2.5% | 0.5% |
| Population | 75,874 | 45,704 |

### 2010 and 2020 census

Doral, Florida – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White (NH) | 6,659 | 7,446 | 14.57% | 9.81% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 745 | 869 | 1.63% | 1.15% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 17 | 41 | 0.04% | 0.05% |
| Asian (NH) | 1,566 | 2,180 | 3.43% | 2.87% |
| Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian (NH) | 3 | 8 | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Some other race (NH) | 127 | 497 | 0.28% | 0.66% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 243 | 1,890 | 0.53% | 2.49% |
| Hispanic (any race) | 36,344 | 62,943 | 79.52% | 82.96% |
| Total | 45,704 | 75,874 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 75,874 people, 18,791 households, and 15,311 families residing in the city.
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 45,704 people, 13,462 households, and 10,583 families residing in the city.

### 2000 census

As of 2000, 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.12.
In 2000, the city population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 43.6% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. As of 2000, the median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $53,060, and the median income for a family was $57,193. Males had a median income of $46,324 versus $32,827 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,705. About 9.5% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.
As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 74.5%, while English accounted for 16.2%, Portuguese was spoken by 5.0%, Chinese made up 1.0%, Tamil at 0.6%, Japanese at 0.5%, and Arabic was the mother tongue for 0.5% of the population.

## Economy

In 2005, Doral had over 10,000 businesses. During that year, Carnival Cruise Lines, Ryder, and Univision had operations in Doral. For years leading into 2005, Doral attracted businesses of various sizes.
Carnival Corporation and subsidiary Carnival Cruise Lines have their headquarters in Doral. In addition, Amadeus North America, AAXICO, Benihana, and Perry Ellis International have their headquarters in Doral.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Miami Branch Office, one of the five Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta branch offices, is located in Doral. United States Southern Command is also based in Doral.
Martinair operates its Americas headquarters in the Doral Corporate Center One in Doral. Avianca operates a Miami-area sales office in Doral. Grupo TACA operates a Miami-area TACA Center in Doral. El Al has its Miami-area office in Doral. Hellmann Worldwide Logistics has its USA head office in Doral.
Before Doral was incorporated, the second (1996–1998) Pan American World Airways had its headquarters in Doral. At one time Ryder had its headquarters in Doral. In 2002 Ryder announced that it would move its headquarters to a new site in Miami-Dade County. The Miami Herald (along with El Nuevo Herald) moved its headquarters to Doral in 2013, and the headquarters stayed there until the newspaper vacated the facility in August 2020.
Portions of CSI: Miami episodes were filmed at CBS' Doral studios, which is home to its owned-and-operated affiliate, WFOR-TV, as well as MyNetworkTV affiliate WBFS-TV.
In September 2017, Doral published a comprehensive economic study which noted that "The City is home to 6,802 establishments employing 102,235 workers. The total volume of sales revenue from these companies, concentrated in such a small geographic area, represents $679,634 per worker, or over $1.35 million per resident making Doral one of South Florida's and the State's most productive local economies."

### Principal employers

According to Doral's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report:
| # | Employer | # of employees |
| 1 | Carnival Corporation | 2,380 |
| 2 | The Trump Organization | 900 |
| 3 | Univision | 800 |
| 4 | Leon Medical Centers | 760 |
| 5 | Supreme International | 525 |
| 6 | World Fuel Services | 500 |
| 7 | Amadeus | 450 |
| 8 | Perry Ellis International | 420 |
| 9 | Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida | 412 |
| 10 | Brinks Incorporated | 366 |

## Government and infrastructure

The Doral Police Department was started on June 2, 2008, with 93 officers. Previously, the Miami-Dade Police Department served the area with stickers on the sides of its cars showing Doral's logo.
On January 20, 2015, former basketball star Shaquille O'Neal was sworn in as a reserve officer for Doral's police force.

### List of mayors

| Mayor | Term |
| Juan Carlos Bermúdez | 2003–2012 |
| Luigi Boria | 2012–2016 |
| Juan Carlos Bermúdez | 2016–2022 |
| Christi Fraga | 2022–present |

### County government

The Miami-Dade Police Department's headquarters and Midwest District Station are in Doral. The Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department's headquarters is in Doral.

### State and federal representation

The Florida Department of Law Enforcement operates the Miami Regional Operations Center in an unincorporated area that was formerly a part of the Doral CDP and is outside Doral's city limits.
The National Transportation Safety Board operates the Miami Aviation Field Office in Doral.

## Transportation

The City of Doral Trolley was launched on February 1, 2008, and offers free travel for residents and visitors. The pilot program involved a weekday route that ran from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm with one trolley servicing one route. Currently the system has four routes, including a route servicing Florida International University, and the fleet includes 12 trolleys. In 2019, the City of Doral added the Freebee service, an on-demand transportation service which uses electric vehicles. Areas of service covered by the Freebee continues to expand with hot spot locations like Downtown Doral, CityPlace, Intercontinental Hotel and more being included.

## Education and institutions
### Colleges and universities

* Carlos Albizu University
* Cesar Vallejo College
* Miami Dade College-West Campus
* Millennia Atlantic University
* Polytechnic University
* San Ignacio University
* West Coast University

### Primary and secondary schools
#### Public schools

Doral is a part of the Miami-Dade County Public Schools system.
Residents are zoned to the following education facilities:
Public schools (MDCPS)
* Eugenia B. Thomas K–8 Center
* Ronald W. Reagan/Doral Senior High School
* Dr. Rolando Espinosa K–8 Center
* John I. Smith K–8 Center
* Toni Bilbao Preparatory Academy
* J.C. Bermudez Doral Senior High School
* Andrea Castillo Preparatory Academy
Charter schools
* Doral Academy Charter High School
* Doral Academy Charter Middle School
* Doral Academy of Technology
* Downtown Doral Charter Elementary School
* Downtown Doral Charter Upper School
* Just Arts and Management Charter Middle School
* Renaissance Elementary and Middle Charter School
* BridgePrep Academy
* Academir Charter School East
* Doral International Academy of Math & Science

#### Private schools

* Divine Savior Academy
* Joy of Learning Child Care Center
* Kids Corner
* Shelton Academy

#### Weekend schools

The Miami Hoshuko, a weekend school for Japanese people, has its school office in Doral. Classes are held in Westchester.

### Public libraries

The Miami-Dade Public Library System operates the Doral Branch, which reopened on July 5, 2003, after an expansion, in the Doral Isles Shopping Center. In addition the system operates the 7,500-square-foot (700 m$^2$) International Mall Branch in Doral. The library was the second to be built after the opening of the Main Library in 1985. In June 2019, the Miami-Dade Public Library System's Doral Branch was moved to Downtown Doral, the city's new dynamic urban core.

### Parks and Recreation

* Doral Central Park
* Doral Cultural Arts Center
* Doral Glades Park
* Doral Legacy Park
* Doral Meadow Park
* Downtown Doral Park
* MAU Park
* Morgan Levy Park
* Trails & Tails Park
* Veterans Park
* White Course Park