OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Menil Mavraides

Aristomeni S. Menil Mavraides (November 17, 1931 – June 5, 1999) was an American professional football guard for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League in 1954 and 1957. With the nickname "Minnie", he was listed at 6' 2" and 220 lbs.

## Early life

Mavraides was born November 17, 1931, in Lowell, Massachusetts. He played for the Lowell High School Red Raiders football team under head coach Ray Riddick.

## College career

Mavraides went on to play for Notre Dame from 1950 to 1953. At Notre Dame he played under head coach Frank Leahy, who was the former line coach for the Seven Blocks of Granite where Learhy coached Mavraides' high school coach Ray Riddick. Here, Mavraides played shoulder-to-shoulder with Tackle Art Hunter, Center Jim Schrader, and Fullback Neil Worden as the main blockers for Heisman Trophy winning running back Johnny Lattner.
During his sophomore year, Mavraides was instrumental in helping the Irish beat the 9-0 Rose Bowl bound USC Trojans at home by recovering a late game fumble deep in Trojan territory.
His senior year, the 1953 Notre Dame finished the season 9-0-1 and was runner up to the National Championship, and had an unprecedented 12 players drafted to '54 NFL. Mavraides also finished his college career being ranked #1 in all NCAA with 27pts in kick scoring.
In the September 13th, 1954 Sports Illustrated article Herman Hickman describes the 1953 Notre Dame Team by writing;
   Frankly, it's hard to see how any squad could lose such men as halfback Johnny Lattner, fullback Neil Worden, tackle Art Hunter, center Jim Schrader, and guard Menil Mavraides and still be a top-ranked team. Each was on some All-American or other. Lattner, Worden and Hunter were first-round Pro draft choices. Schrader was a second-round choice. Mavraides a third. But Notre Dame is not an ordinary football team, it's Notre Dame... Notre Dame doesn't lose two often.
Before the start of the 1954 NFL season, Mavraides, joined four of his Fighting Irish classmates, in the 1954 summer classic College All-Star Game, where they lost 31 to 6 to the Detroit Lions in front of 93,000 fans.

## Later life

In 1986, Lowell High school inducted Mavraides into the LHS Athletic Hall of Fame.
Mavraides died on June 5, 1999, at the age of 67.
# Ian Mark Turner

Ian Mark Turner is a British botanist born in 1963.
# Chuckwalla Mountains

The Chuckwalla Mountains are a mountain range in the transition zone between the Colorado Desert—Sonoran Desert and the Mojave Desert, climatically and vegetationally, in Riverside County of southern California. The mountains are named after the chuckwalla lizards.

## Geography

The range spans about 40 miles (64 km), running in a generally northwest-southeast direction. It is bordered to the north by Interstate 10 and the town of Desert Center, and to the south by the Bradshaw Trail and the Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range. The highest point is Black Butte, elevation 4,504 ft (1,373 m). The Chuckwalla Range is divided from the Little Chuckwalla Range by Graham Pass. The Orocopia Mountains are to the west, and Joshua Tree National Park is to the northwest.

## Chuckwalla Mountains Wilderness

Most of the mountains were designated by the Bureau of Land Management as the Chuckwalla Mountains Wilderness in 1994. Motorized travel is allowed only on "cherry-stemmed" established roads.
The Chuckwalla Mountains, near the San Andreas Fault, rise like an island from a vast sea of sand and rock; within the walls of this "rock fortress" is a variety of landforms, textures, and colors. They include steep-walled canyons, inland valleys, large and small washes, isolated rock outcrops, and panoramic expanses of desert.

### Flora and fauna

The Chuckwalla Mountains are in the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert, adjacent to the Lower Colorado River Valley region. Plants include ocotillo, cholla, yucca, creosote, and barrel and foxtail cacti.
On the southern flank of the range lies the Chuckwalla Bench bajada region, an Area of Critical Environmental Concern, as it is frequented by the threatened desert tortoise. Also common in the area are the rosy boa, kangaroo rat, and the large lizard, after which the mountains are named - the chuckwalla. Other wildlife includes bighorn sheep, burro deer, raptors, snakes, coyotes, and foxes.
In the Chuckwalla Mountains, naturalist Edmund C. Jaeger discovered the hibernating common poorwill. (After his death in 1983, Jaeger's cremated remains were scattered in the same canyon.) The location is now preserved as the Edmund C. Jaeger Nature Sanctuary.

## History

The Chuckwalla Mountains have had many visitors over the millennia, as they are situated near heavily traveled east-west routes and feature several sources of water, the most prominent being Corn Springs. Several successful mines have been dug, including the Red Cloud, Aztec, and Granite.
# Sjur Torgersen

Sjur Helge Torgersen (12 March 1946 – 7 September 2005) was a Norwegian diplomat and ambassador.
He was a cand.jur. (jurist) by education. After first serving as local magistrate in Mandal, Norway, he joined the Norwegian Foreign Service in 1979, after establishing Norway's consular visa office in Islamabad, Pakistan, on behalf of the Norwegian Ministry of Justice in 1977. Before completing his admission to the diplomatic ranks he worked for Norwegian Refugee Council providing emergency aid for arriving Afghan refugees in Pakistan after the Russian invasion of Afghanistan. His first posting for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, from 1981 to 1984, was as Secretary of Embassy at the Norwegian embassy in Jakarta. He was then transferred to West Berlin where he served as military attaché in the allied occupational forces in West Berlin between 1984 and 1987. In 1989 he returned to Islamabad, Pakistan where he served as charge d'affairs until 1995. Between 1995 and 1998 he was assistant secretary and sub-director in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1998 to 2003 he served as the Norway's ambassador to Indonesia. When East Timor became independent in 2002, he received responsibility for that country too, after being heavily involved in supporting the fledgling nation and developing deep personal relationships with East Timor's leaders, Ramos Horta and Xanana Gusmão.
In 1999 he was decorated as a Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit.
After the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Torgersen was tasked with operating the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' crisis aid to Norwegian tourists in the area. Shortly thereafter he was diagnosed with cancer and died in September 2005.
# TAI Gözcü

TAI Gözcü is a radio-controlled short-range tactical drone. Designed, developed and built by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is in use by the Turkish Armed Forces for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance purposes. Gözcü is the Turkish word for observer.

## Overview

Built of composite material, the drone is launched from a catapult, and is recovered by parachute. It has 85 kg (187 lb) max. takeoff weight and can reach an altitude of 12,000 ft (3,700 m). Having 8 kg (18 lb) max. payload capacity, TIA Gözcü carries EO/IR sensor, and transfers real-time video imagery in a range up to 50 km (31 mi). It has waypoint navigation and autonomous flight capabilities.
The UAV with delta wings and V-tail is propelled by a Wankel engine in pusher configuration having 38 hp (28 kW), and can cruise with a max. speed of 90 kn (170 km/h). Its endurance is over 120 minutes.

## Development

The maiden flight of the drone took place on March 6, 2007. The first flight with camera was on April 4, 2007. The prototype of TAI Gözcü was presented to public at the International Defence Industry Fair IDEF in Mai 2007, and took part in the Victory Day parade end August the same year. The following flight tests in September 2007 showed that the UAV was in the beginning unable to monitor the vehicles in the terrain, over them it was flying, because it was too fast. Unlike the target drones the surveillance drones must fly slower, the TAI officials admitted. In 2011, it was reported that the flight tests were successfully completed.
TAI Gözcü is intended to serve nonstop for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance in military operations against infiltration and activities of terrorists in southeastern Turkey.

## Specifications

Data from TR Defence- Defence Talk
General characteristics
* Crew: 0
* Length: 2.45 m (8 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 3.75 m (12 ft 4 in)
* Height: 0.66 m (2 ft 2 in)
* Max takeoff weight: 85 kg (187 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Wankel engine 28 kW
Performance
* Maximum speed: 170 km/h (110 mph, 92 kn)
* Endurance: 120 min
* Service ceiling: 3,700 m (12,100 ft)
# ITunes Festival: London 2012 (One Direction EP)

iTunes Festival: London 2012 is the debut and live extended play by English-Irish boy band One Direction. The EP was released on 20 September 2012, via iTunes and contains six songs that the group performed live at the festival.

## Background and recording

On 15 May 2012, One Direction was announced as one of the performers for the iTunes Festival which was held at the Camden Roundhouse in London. Harry Styles spoke to the BBC about performing at the event, "Every year we see some of our favourite bands and artists on the bill so to be part of the line up this year is obviously incredibly exciting."
The group performed at the iTunes Festival on 20 September. They performed a handful of songs including "What Makes You Beautiful", "One Thing", "Moments", "More Than This", "Up All Night" and "Na Na Na", which were comprised in the live EP. Other tracks performed at the event that didn't make the final cut for the EP include "Gotta Be You", a cover of "Valerie" by the Zutons, "I Gotta Feeling" by the Black Eyed Peas, "Use Somebody" by King of Leon, "Everything About You" and concluded with "I Want".

## Critical reception

Rachel Ward of The Daily Telegraph gave a positive response for the concert stating, "The shrillness of screaming girls, possibly whipped up into hysteria by Harry's preposterously skinny jeans, eventually seemed to shake them up for rousing performances of hits including the synth-drenched 'Everything About You', the gloriously catchy 'What Makes You Beautiful' and a credible cover of the Kings of Leon's rocky 'Use Somebody'." However, she felt that the ballads, "Gotta Be You" and "I Wish" were "mediocre" for the first half of the performance.

## Commercial performance

iTunes Festival: London 2012 debuted at number 140 on the US Billboard 200 and sold 17,000 copies.

## Charts

Chart performance for iTunes Festival: London 2012 :
| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 140 |

## Release history

Release history for iTunes Festival: London 2012 :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | 20 September 2012 | Digital download | Sony | |
# Robert West (chemist)

Robert Culbertson West Jr. (March 18, 1928 – October 12, 2022) was an American chemist.
West was an E. G. Rochow Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison; Director of the Organosilicon Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison 1999–20??; President, Silatronix, Inc. (2007–20??); Distinguished Professor, Yonsei University, 2007–2011. He died in Madison, Wisconsin on October 12, 2022, at the age of 94.

## Education

West received his Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry from Cornell University in 1950, proceeding on to Harvard University where he received his Master of Arts in 1952 and Ph.D. in 1954. At Cornell, he was a member of the Quill and Dagger society.

## Notable work

West was a chemist best known for his groundbreaking research in silicon chemistry as well as for his work with oxocarbons and organolithium compounds. In 2004, West was listed as one of the most cited scientists during the period 1981-1999, according to a citation survey by Thomson ISI. West's most well-known discovery was the synthesis of the first ever silicon-silicon double bond in 1981, a feat which broke the so-called "double-bond rule" (which stated that main group elements below row two of the periodic table could not form double bonds). West later discovered the first example of a stable silylene, a form of divalent silicon, acting as the silicon analog to the now catalytically important carbene. West also developed a new model for understanding rotations in polymers. West's numerous other discoveries include a siloxane-based electrolyte which has made possible revolutionary rechargeable implantable batteries for biomedical applications including the treatment of spinal injuries and nerve damage. His later interests included the synthesis of silicon-containing anticancer drugs, and the study of silicon and germanium compounds by muon resonance spectroscopy.

## Other interests

West was an instrument-rated pilot with over 2500 hours as pilot-in-command. He was a mountaineer, with over 50 first ascents in the mountains of British Columbia. He was known for his eccentric lifestyle, liberal political views, and activism for women's reproductive rights both in the US and internationally. In 1972, along with Anne Nicol Gaylor, he co-founded the Women's Medical Fund to help Wisconsin women pay for abortions.
His international interests led to extensive collaborative research with chemistry departments in major universities in countries including Austria, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Mexico, Norway and Russia. Many of his over 600 publications were in collaboration with scientists in countries outside the USA.
# Boidstones Place

Boidstones Place, also called Greenbrakes and Fountain Rock, was built in 1766 by Thomas Boydston near Shepherdstown, West Virginia on land he was granted by Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. In a dispute with Fairfax and Joist Hite over lands he had acquired along the Terrapin Neck on the Potomac River, Boydston lost most of his lands, which were acquired by Abraham Shepherd. The property formed a portion of the Shepherd's holdings along Shepherd Grade, which were primarily devoted breeding race horses. Some of the property was annexed to the adjoining Wild Goose property, owned by R.D. Shepherd, who had a racetrack there. In 1851 R.D. Shepherd gave Boidstones to his nephew and namesake R. D. Shepherd, Jr. who built the main Greek Revival section of the house. The property was sold out of the Shepherd family in 1886, but was returned to the Shepherds in 1916 for use as a summer place.
The original house at Boidstone Place is, with the Peter Burr House, the oldest framed building in West Virginia. The 1850s Greek Revival wing is also of wood-frame construction. Another addition was made in the 1920s, in the Colonial Revival style.
Other structures on the farm include a log cabin (c. 1850), a log cottage (c. 1850s, altered in 1938), a tenant house (c. 1890), a springhouse (1850s), a garage (1920s), the main barn (c. 1850), a machine shed (c. 1910), a spray shed (c. 1920) and a bull shed (c. 1910) as well as a cemetery for slaves, active from c. 1776 to 1865.
A large spring on the property became known as Stillhouse Spring, where Boydston produced whiskey which was shipped down the river from a dock.
# United Nations Day

United Nations Day is an annual commemorative day, reflecting the official creation of the United Nations on 24 October 1945. In 1947, the United Nations General Assembly declared 24 October, the anniversary of the Charter of the United Nations, to "be devoted to making known to the people of the world the aims and achievements of the United Nations and to gaining their support for" its work.
In 1971, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a further resolution (United Nations Resolution 2782) declaring that United Nations Day shall be an international observance or international holiday and recommended that it should be observed as a public holiday by United Nations member states.

## World War II Allies' day

The first event called "United Nations Day" was a World War II Allies' day of solidarity and military parades launched by US president Franklin D. Roosevelt tied to US Flag Day on 14 June 1942, six months after the Declaration by United Nations. It was observed in New York City as the "New York at War" parade, in London, and by the Soviet and Chinese governments.
It was observed throughout World War II, during 1942–1944. Prior to the foundation of the UN itself, it was not directly connected to the current international observance.

## Commemoration

U.N. Day has traditionally been marked throughout the world with meetings, discussions and exhibits about the achievements and goals of the organization. In 1971, the General Assembly recommended that member states observe it as a public holiday.
Several international schools throughout the world would also celebrate the diversity of their student body on United Nations Day (although the event is not necessarily celebrated on 24 October). Celebrations often include a show of cultural performances in the evening and a food fair, where food is available from all over the world.
On United Nations Day in 1951, the United Nations Postal Administration issued the first UN Stamps, which were issued in U.S. Dollars at the U.N. Headquarters in New York.
In the United States, the President has issued a proclamation each year for United Nations Day since 1948.
In Kosovo, which is administered by the Interim Administration Mission, United Nations Day is an official non-working day.
# Kratingdaeng Racing Team

Kratingdaeng Racing Team is a Thai auto racing team based in Bangkok, Thailand. The team has raced in the TCR International Series, since 2016. Having previously raced in the Thailand Super Series and the VLN amongst others.

## Thailand Super Series

The team made their debut in the 2009 Thailand Super Series, with team owner and racing driver Sak Nana. Nana finished seventh in the standings in 2009 and 2010. They still races in the series today, having several driver in different categories. The team is also sponsored by Red Bull Thailand.
For 2016 the team entered the new TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship, a new category in the Thailand Super Series. The team entered three SEAT León Cup Racer's for Alexander Mies, Grant Supaphongs and Chen Jian Hong.

## TCR International Series
### SEAT León Cup Racer (2016–)

After having raced in the TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship for most of 2016, the team entered the 2016 TCR International Series with TCR Thailand regulars Alexander Mies, Grant Supaphongs and Chen Jian Hong driving a SEAT León Cup Racer each.
# Fatoumata Baldé

Fatoumata Baldé (born 7 March 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Première Ligue club Strasbourg. Born in Guinea, she represents Senegal at international level.

## Career

The daughter of former vice president of the Guinean Football Federation Alpha Tata Baldé, Fatoumata Baldé was born in the Guinean port city of Kamsar on March 7, 1993, where she played active soccer and tennis. She started a career with DH Atlantique, joining them at the beginning of the 2008/2009 season and then Rezé Football Club in France. In their first season they won the regional division league and she was named the best player in her team. At the beginning of the 2010/2011 season, she announced her departure from FC Rezé to play the French championship by signing up with ESOF La Roche-sur-Yon.
Fatoumata Baldé made an appearance on September 5, 2010, when she came on as a substitute for Nathalie Serot against ASJ Soyaux for La Roche. They came in the second highest on the league table.
In the summer of 2012 she moved completely into the first squad of her team and scored five goals for La Roche-sur-Yon in ten games. In the summer of 2013, she joined En Avant de Guingamp.
# Microlaena stipoides

Microlaena stipoides, synonym Ehrharta stipoides, is a species of grass. It occurs naturally in all states of Australia as well as in New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines. It has also been introduced into Hawaii and Reunion Island and has been reported as invasive in both. Common names used include weeping grass, weeping rice grass and weeping meadow grass.
P. Martin, writing in 2004, commented: "Although the generic name Microlaena is strongly defended by Australasian agrostologists (e.g. Wheeler et al. 2002) many European authors treat it as a section of the genus Ehrharta, so that information on the species in question will be found in these sources under the name Ehrharta stipoides Labill. (e.g. Clayton and Renvoize, 1986)." He refers to the species as Microlaena stipoides.
The Australian Plant Name Index and Australian Plant Census list this scientific name Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. as currently accepted and under it is subsumed the synonym of Ehrharta stipoides Labill..

## Description

Microlaena stipoides grows to a height of approximately 0.7 metres and produces delicate, drooping stalks of spikelets. The naked caryopses (grains) are similar in shape to rice grains but smaller, approximately 5 mm long, with a mass that varies widely, ranging from 1 mg to 7 mg. The grass grows best in acidic soils and is drought- and frost-tolerant. In Australia it is found in areas of medium to high rainfall (above 600 mm per annum) and the leaves normally remain green all year.
The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia’ records that common names included "Weeping Grass" and "Meadow Rice Grass." It also states that it is "A perennial grass, which keeps beautifully green all through the year. For this reason its growth for pasturage should be encouraged, particularly as it will live on poor soil, provided it be damp. It is considered nearly as valuable as Kangaroo grass, and in the cool season more so. Mr. Bacchus finds it to bear overstocking better than any other native grass, and to maintain a close turf. It is valued in New Zealand. High testimony of the value of this grass is also given by Ranken, after experiments extending over many years. It, however, does not always freely seed."

## Uses

Microlaena stipoides produces nutritious pasture for grazing livestock with productivity of approximately 2 to 7 tonnes per hectare and digestibility of approximately 60–70%. Its drought-tolerance has led to an increasing interest in its use for turf to replace exotic species, and it is being researched as a perennial grain crop. The grains are high in protein and small-scale commercial production for human consumption has commenced.
# Noh Haeng-seok

Noh Haeng-Seok (Korean: 노행석; 17 November 1988 – 1 January 2025) was a South Korean footballer who played as a defender for Gwangju FC, Daegu FC, Busan IPark and Gyeongju Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power FC, also having loan spells at Hwaseong FC and Kuala Lumpur FA during his time at Busan IPark.

## Biography

Noh joined Gwangju in 2011. He joined Busan IPark at the start of the 2015 season.
Noh died on 1 January 2025, at the age of 36.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Korean FA Cup | Korean FA Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gwangju FC | 2011 | K-League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Gwangju FC | 2012 | K-League | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
| Daegu FC | 2013 | K-League 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Daegu FC | 2014 | K League 2 | 31 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 31 | 3 |
| Busan I'Park | 2015 | K-League 1 | 23 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 24 | 2 |
| Busan I'Park | 2018 | K League 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 68 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 72 | 7 |
# Donald Hugh Nagle

Donald Nagle was an American karate expert and instructor, as well as a Marine.

## Biography

Nagle was a Marine; in the mid-1950s he was stationed on Okinawa, in the Ryukyu Islands off the coast of Japan. There he studied karate under Tatsuo Shimabuku, who had started the Isshin-Ryu school. He was promoted to 8th-degree black belt in 1966.
The IIKA (International Isshinryu Karate Association) promoted Don Nagle to 9th-Degree black belt on November 2, 1984.
He died on August 23, 1999, a day after heart surgery at age 61.