OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canadian Musician

Canadian Musician was a Canadian magazine that was published bi-monthly by Norris-Whitney Communications Inc. The magazine closed in 2023.

## History and profile

Canadian Musician was launched by Jim Norris in Toronto in 1979. The premier issue was published in March/April 1979. The magazine's primary area of interest was to profile Canadian musicians and musical events. The magazine also wrote articles on the Canadian music business and featured articles on musical equipment and technology. The magazine covered a broad spectrum of artists from a variety of musical genres. It was distributed internationally through subscription and across music and record stores and newsstands in Canada.
In 1991 the circulation of Canadian Musician was about 27,001 copies.
# I'm Crazy

"I'm Crazy" is a short story written by J. D. Salinger for the December 22, 1945 issue of Collier's magazine. Despite the story's underlying melancholy, the magazine described it as "the heart-warming story of a kid whose only fault lay in understanding people so well that most of them were baffled by him and only a very few would believe in him".
The story is told in first-person narrative mode by Holden Caulfield. Salinger later reworked the story to incorporate it into his novel The Catcher in the Rye.

## Synopsis

Boarding school dropout Holden Caulfield watches a basketball game from a nearby hill. He then visits his elderly history teacher Mr. Spencer, who lectures him about his academic failure. Holden tells Mr. Spencer about meeting the mother of a "lousy" fellow student on the train and lying to her about how wonderful her son was, which Holden thought would make her feel better. He regrets withdrawing from school mainly because his mother had just sent him ski boots, albeit the wrong kind.
Holden likes Mr. Spencer but realizes that he will receive no sympathy or understanding from him, so he leaves abruptly. He boards a train to New York City and sneaks into his family's apartment, where he talks to his younger sisters Phoebe and Viola. Even Phoebe admonishes him for his academic failure. Holden finally owns up to his parents in a scene that is only described very briefly and indirectly ("When they were all done with me ..."). He concludes that he will not be returned to school but forced into an unpleasant office job.
# Razer

Razer may refer to:

## People

* Greg Razer, American politician
* Helen Razer (born 1968), Australian radio presenter and writer

### Fictional characters

* Razer, a character in SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron
* Razer (DC Comics), a main character in Green Lantern: The Animated Series who also appears in the fourth season of Young Justice

## Businesses and brands

* Razer Inc., a Singaporean-American computer peripherals manufacturer specializing in PC gaming
* MTV2 (Canadian TV channel), a Canadian digital television specialty service that was branded Razer from 2005 to 2008

## Other uses

* Razer (robot), a contestant on the series Robot Wars
* Razer Airport, airport serving Koran va Monjan, Badakhshan, Afghanistan
* "Razer" (The Cape), a 2011 television episode
# Valamon Viiniherman

Valamon Viiniherman Oy (transl. Valamon Wine Herman) is a distillery located in Finland that produces whisky and church wine. The company, founded in 1997, is owned by the Valamo Monastery.

## History

The company was founded by the Valamo Monastery and a winery called Hermannin viinitila ("Hermann's Wine Estate") from Ilomantsi. The latter is the oldest wine estate in Finland, having been founded in 1989.
Valamon Viiniherman Oy was created by Father Andreas of the monastery.
In 2014, Valamon Viiniherman Oy launched the production of whisky, investing 1,2 million euros in the new venture destined to become the company's main stream of revenue. The first batch were planned for 2018. The distillery needed in the project forms a company of its own, and the majority of the shares is owned by the monastery. The person responsible for the production of alcoholic beverages in the monastery is Timo Kettunen.
In 2018, the winery lost its licence to sell its Church wine. Valamon provided 30% of the country's Church wine and had dropped the alcohol content of its wine below 15% for cheaper tax purposes. After losing its licence, the winery could not sell to parishes directly anymore, having to go through Alko for all sales, even when Valamon wanted to buy its own wine.
By 2019, the monastery was producing almost 50,000 liters of whisky and selling The Valamon Monastery Peated Single Malt in Alko stores.

## Activities

The company produces wines, liqueurs and whisky. Valamon owns half of Valamon Viiniherman Oy. It made €60 000 in profits in 2012. The whisky is sometimes aged in barrels used for Church wine, giving the liquid a distinct darker tone.
# Steve Mingori

Steven Bernard Mingori (February 29, 1944 – July 10, 2008) was an American left-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Cleveland Indians (1970–1973) and Kansas City Royals (1973–1979).
He was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and went to Rockhurst High School. He played college baseball at University of Missouri–Kansas City and Pittsburg State University. Mingori was signed by the Cincinnati Reds in 1965, and spent the next five years in the Reds' minor league system. Before the 1970 season began, the Reds traded Mingori to the Cleveland Indians for Jay Ward.
Mingori made his major league debut on August 5, 1970, and finished the season with a 1–0 win–loss record and a 2.66 earned run average (ERA) in 21 games. The following season, Mingori pitched in 47 games until he suffered a broken jaw in an early August game, causing him to miss nearly the rest of the season. He ended the year with a 1–2 record and a 1.43 ERA in 54 appearances. He spent another season and a half with the Indians, then was traded to the Kansas City Royals on June 8, 1973, for Mike Jackson; the Royals had been particularly interested in acquiring Mingori since he was a Kansas City native. Mingori had 36 appearances in both 1974 and 1975, and had ERAs of 2.81 and 2.50. He followed that up with a 5–5 record and 2.32 ERA in 55 appearances in 1976. He played in at least 30 games for his final three seasons. After his final game on September 2, 1979, he was released by the Royals and retired after the season.
In a ten-season career, Mingori posted a won-loss record of 18–33 with a 3.03 earned run average and 42 saves in 385 games pitched, all but two of which came as a reliever. Mingori died on July 10, 2008, in his hometown of Liberty, Missouri, of natural causes.
# Ribbon controller

A ribbon controller is a tactile sensor used to control synthesizers. It generally consists of a resistive strip that acts as a potentiometer. Because of its continuous control, ribbon controllers are often used to produce glissando effects.
Early examples of the use of ribbon controllers in a musical instrument are in the Ondes Martenot and Trautonium. In some early instruments, the slider of the potentiometer was worn as a ring by the player. In later ribbon controllers, the ring was replaced by a conductive layer that covered the resistive element.
Ribbon controllers are found in early Moog synthesizers, but were omitted from most later synthesizers. The Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer is well-known for its inclusion of a ribbon controller, used by Vangelis to create many of the characteristic sounds in the Blade Runner soundtrack.
Although ribbon controllers are less common in analog later synthesizers, they were used in the Moog Liberation and Micromoog.
There was a resurgence of ribbon controllers on synthesizers in the mid-1990s, beginning with Korg's physical and analog modeling performance synthesizer Prophecy (1995), incorporating a unique pressure/position ribbon mounted on a modulation wheel ("log"), and their Trinity (1995) workstation (which could accommodate a Prophecy counterpart SOLO-TRI option board), as well as Kurzweil's K2500-series workstations (keyboard versions, 1996), which incorporated both a 4-inch pressure/position ribbon and a separate 600mm-long position ribbon programmable into multiple zones. Roland incorporated a ribbon controller in their JP-8000 (1996) synthesizer.
As of 2020, ribbon controllers are available as control voltage and MIDI peripherals. An example of a modern synthesizer that uses a ribbon controller is the Swarmatron.
Later in 2010/2011, Korg released a series of minisynths called Monotron using the ribbon controller, it became so popular that it still in production in 2023.
# Sadi Irmak

Mahmut Sadi Irmak (May 15, 1904 – November 11, 1990) was a Turkish academic in physiology, politician and former Prime Minister of Turkey.

## Biography

He was born in the town Seydişehir of Konya, Ottoman Empire in 1904. He became teacher for biology after finishing the college in Konya. However, he quit his job the same year and attended the Law School at Istanbul University. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk wanted to send 50 of his students abroad for a good education in 1925. A test was held for this throughout Turkey. Sadi was among those who took the exam and was chosen. When Sadi got on the train, he refused to go. Just then, a telegram arrived. Sadi read Atatürk's words: I send you as a spark, you should return as a flame. That words affected Sadi. And he decided to go again. He went to Germany on a state granted scholarship to study biology and medicine. He graduated from the University of Berlin in 1929 with a degree in medicine. After completing his study, Sadi Irmak worked as an assistant physician in hospitals in Hagen and Düsseldorf, Germany. Irmak was fascinated by the Nazis and was a prominent proponent of eugenics.
Returned to Turkey, he worked as a government physician and teacher for biology. In 1932, he became a lecturer at the School of Medicine of Istanbul University, and in 1939, he was promoted to full professor for physiology.

## Political career

Sadi Irmak entered politics in 1943 as deputy of Konya. Between June 7, 1945, and August 5, 1946, he served as minister of labor in the cabinet of Şükrü Saracoğlu, becoming the first Turkish politician to assume the post. He returned to the faculty, however, in 1950, to lecture first in Munich, Germany and then in Istanbul again. In 1974, he was admitted to the Senate. The same year, Sadi Irmak was commissioned by President Fahri Korutürk to form the 38th government of Turkey on November 17, 1974. The caretaker government under his prime ministry lasted for 124 days until his resignation on March 31, 1975, when he lost a vote of no confidence in the parliament. After the military coup on September 12, 1980, he was elected to the Consultative Assembly. He acted as its speaker from October 27, 1981, until December 4, 1983.
Sadi Irmak died on November 11, 1990, in Istanbul, and was buried at the Aşiyan Asri Cemetery. He was survived by his wife and two children. His daughter, Prof. Yakut Irmak Özden, is director of the Institute for Atatürk's Ideology and History of His Reforms at Istanbul University.
# Półrzeczki

Półrzeczki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobra, within Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Dobra, 15 km (9 mi) west of Limanowa, and 49 km (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
# Alex Mativo

Alex Mativo (born 21 April 1994) is a Kenyan entrepreneur, innovator, and fashion designer, recognized for his contributions to technology, sustainability, and business in Africa. He is the co-founder of Duck, an AI and data analytics company that provides real-time retail insights to consumer brands, and E-LAB, a company aimed at eradicating electronic waste in Africa by transforming it into products for the fashion and interior design industry. He is also the recipient of the Queen's Young Leaders Award. and Forbes 30 Under 30 list in 2024 for his impact in technology and innovation.
He previously founded, Nanasi, a Point of sale for quick serive restaurants

## Early life

Alex Mativo was born in Nairobi, Kenya grew up in Athi-river. He attended Lenana school in Nairobi.

## Career

In 2013 Mativo founded E-LAB, to help solve the problem of electronic waste in his community.
In the same year his company E-LAB participated in the Startup open competition was listed among the global entrepreneurship week top 50 most innovative companies in the world by the Global Entrepreneurship week and the Kauffman foundation
He is also the Founder and CEO of the retail company Nanasi.

## Enterprise and entrepreneurship

Mativo has spoken to audiences across Africa to share his business start-up story. Notable public speaking appearances include a TEDx talk on why we should embrace design thinking at the African Leadership University in May 2016 alongside the President of the Republic of Mauritius Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, and at the 2024 Misk global forum in Riyadh
He was also an attendee of the 2015 "one young world summit" in Bangkok, Thailand where he represented his country Kenya.
Mativo has developed several high impact projects through E-LAB which have resulted in the eradication of 3000 tons electronic waste Across Africa.
His work has been featured on international media houses notably CNN, Al Jazeera, eNCA Africa and the BBC.

## Awards

* Forbes 30 under 30 2024
* 2015 DXD (disruption by design) upcoming disruptor of the year by Up Magazine
* GEW 50 2013 by Global entrepreneurship week
* Queen's Young Leaders Award 2016
* Global Student Entrepreneurship Award 2017
# Chodorowa

Chodorowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grybów, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Grybów, 18 km (11 mi) east of Nowy Sącz, and 85 km (53 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
# Star Flyer

Star Flyer is a four masted barquentine built as a cruise ship, and operated by Star Clippers Ltd of Sweden. A luxury vessel, Star Flyer is a sister ship to Star Clipper. Both sailed under the Luxembourg flag until 2010, and now sail under the Maltese flag.
# Charles Blake (surgeon)

Charles Blake (13 August 1746 – 22 April 1810) was a British army surgeon with the 34th Foot Regiment as part of the force sent to fight the Americans.
Blake arrived in the province of Quebec in the spring of 1776 and was involved in a number of professional roles until after the end of the American Revolutionary War. He remained in Canada when the regiment returned home.
# Pławy

Pławy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oświęcim, within Oświęcim County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Oświęcim and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Kraków.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1272 as Francisci in a Latin document issued by Władysław of Opole which endowed the village of Rajsko, lying close to Pławy, to Herman Surnagel in order to resettle it under German law. The primordial name of the village Franciszowice evolved later into Pławy.
Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and the Castellany of Oświęcim, which was in 1315 formed in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland into the Duchy of Oświęcim, ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1457 Jan IV of Oświęcim agreed to sell the duchy to the Polish Crown, and in the accompanying document issued on 21 February the village was mentioned as Franczyschowicze.
The territory of the Duchy of Oświęcim was eventually incorporated directly into Poland in 1564 and formed the Silesian County in the Kraków Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province. Upon the First Partition of Poland in 1772 it was annexed by Austria, and made part of its newly formed Kingdom of Galicia. After World War I and the fall of Austria-Hungary it became again part of Poland, as the nation regained independence.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was occupied and annexed by Nazi Germany. In connection with the construction of the Auschwitz II-Birkenau death camp in nearby Brzezinka, in 1941, the occupiers expelled the entire Polish population of the village, which was initially deported to the nearby Pszczyna County, and afterwards either enslaved as forced labour or deported to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland. In 1944–1945, the Germans operated a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp in the village. Hundreds of people, both men and women, incl. Jews, Poles and Russians, were subjected to forced labour in the subcamp. On January 18, 1945, the subcamp was evacuated during a death march to Wodzisław Śląski, and then the surviving prisoners were deported to Germany. After the war, the village was restored to Poland.
# Xenocyprididae

Xenocyprididae, is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes with a natural distribution in Asia. This taxon, sometimes spelt Xenocypridae, was previously regarded to be a subfamily, Xenocyprinae, of the family Cyprinidae. Cyprinidae sensu lato is now divided into a number of smaller families within the suborder Cyprinoidei, in the order Cypriniformes.

## Genera

Xenocyprididae contains the following valid genera:
* Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923
* Ancherythroculter P. L. Yih & C. K. Wu, 1964
* Aphyocypris Günther, 1868
* Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008
* Atrilinea Y. T. Chu, 1935
* Candidia D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson 1909
* Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860
* Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866
* Culter Basilewsky, 1855
* Distoechodon Peters, 1881
* Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860
* Gymnodanio Y. F. Chen & S. P. He, 1992
* Hainania Koller, 1927
* Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860
* Hemiculterella Warpachowski, 1888
* Hemigrammocypris Fowler, 1910
* Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860
* Ischikauia D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1900
* Longiculter Fowler, 1937
* Luciobrama Bleeker, 1870
* Macrochirichthys Bleeker, 1859
* Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872
* Metzia D. S. Jordan & W. F. Thompson, 1914
* Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881
* Nipponocypris I. S. Chen, J. H. Wu & C. H. Hsu, 2008
* Ochetobius Günther, 1868
* Opsariichthys Bleeker, 1863
* Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823
* Parabramis Bleeker, 1864
* Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864
* Parachela Steindachner, 1881
* Parazacco Y. Y. Chen, 1982
* Plagiognathops Berg, 1907
* Pogobrama Y. L. Luo, 1995
* Pseudobrama Bleeker, 1870
* Pseudohemiculter Nichols & C. H. Pope, 1927
* Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864
* Rasborichthys Bleeker, 1859
* Sinibrama H. W. Wu, 1939
* Siniichthys Bănărescu, 1970
* Squaliobarbus Günther, 1868
* Toxabramis Günther, 1873
* Xenocyprioides Y. Y. Chen, 1982
* Xenocypris Günther, 1868
* Zacco D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1902
A potential fossil genus of the Xenocyprinae is Planktophaga from the middle-late Eocene of Vietnam. Although initially classified under the East Asian group of Leuciscinae sensu lato (as Hypophthalmichthys was previously classified under it), it has unique pharyngeal teeth only shared with Hypophthalmichthys, and thus may represent a basal member of the group. Fossil teeth of indeterminate xenocyprines were found from the same site.

## Taxonomy

Xenocyprididae was previously considered to be a part of the family Cyprinidae, along with the Danionidae, Leuciscidae, Tincidae other related fish taxa. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes place all of these groups, formerly considered to be subfamilies of the Cyprinidae sensu lato in the large, widespread and diverse suborder Cyprinoidei, consisting, mainly, of freshwater ray-finned fish. This conforms with the classification adopted by other authorities. TThe suborder Cyprinoidei is classified in the order Cypriniformes.
# Julia Sangiacomo

Julia Sangiacomo (born November 1, 2001) is an American volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter. As of 2024–2025 season, she is playing for SigortaShop. She has played for Santa Clara University and Northwestern University before.

## Career
### College

* Santa Clara University (2019–2023)
* Northwestern University (2023–2024)

### Professional clubs

* SigortaShop (2023–present)
# Maeatae

The Maeatae were a confederation of tribes that probably lived beyond the Antonine Wall in Roman Britain.
The historical sources are vague as to the exact region they inhabited, but an association is thought to be indicated in the names of two hills with fortifications. Near the summit of Dumyat hill in the Ochils, overlooking Stirling, there are remains of a fort and the name of the hill (in Gaelic Dùn Mhèad) is believed to derive from name meaning the hill of the Maeatae. The prominent hill fort may have marked their northern boundary. The first excavations of Dumyat were led by Dr Murray Cook, who recovered a radiocarbon date from a newly discovered external ditch dating to the 5th to 7th centuries AD. Myot Hill, near Fankerton, plausibly marks their southern limits. A discussion of two views of the importance of Dumyat and Myot Hill is given in Wainwright. There are three other potential Maeatae placenames in Scotland, potentially giving them a territory from Balfron to West Lothian and potentially St Andrews. Dunmanyn, Dalmeny, West Lothian (James 2013, :‘P-Celtic in Southern Scotland and Cumrbria: a review of the place-name evidence for possible Pictish phonology’, Journal of Scottish Names Studies 7: 29-78.), Cremannan, Balfron, Stirlingshire (Taylor, S, Clancy, T O, McNiven, P & Williamson, E 2020 The Place-Names of Clackmannanshire. Shaun Tyas: Donnington) and Rummond (Rodmanand), St Andrews, Fife (Taylor, S 2009 The Placenames of Fife, Vol. 3 St Andrews and the East Neuk. Donnington: Shaun Tyas).
Cassius Dio describes them in detail in his Roman History (Book LXXVII), and is later quoted by Joseph Ritson and others. John Rhys seems convinced that they occupied the land between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay or parts of what is now Clackmannanshire, Fife and Stirlingshire. He also suggests that the Isle of May might derive its name from the tribe. Dio mentions the Maeatae were between the wall and the Caledonians but there is some dispute over whether he is referring to Antonine's Wall or Hadrian's Wall. Alexander del Mar says no-one really knows the identity of the Maeatae but he mentions that some authorities think they may have had a Norse origin.
They appear to have come together as a result of treaties struck between the Roman Empire and the various frontier tribes in the 180s AD under the governorship of Ulpius Marcellus. Virius Lupus is recorded as being obliged to buy peace from the Maeatae at the end of the second century.
In 210 AD, they began a serious revolt against the Roman Empire, which was reportedly a very bloody affair on both sides. Another revolt took place the following year. In 213 AD, Joseph Ritson records them receiving money from the Romans to keep the peace.
The Miathi, mentioned in Adomnán's Life of Columba, probably to be identified with the Southern Picts, have been posited as the same group, their identity seemingly surviving in some form as late as the 6th or 7th centuries AD.