# Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques

The Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS; English: Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies) is a French research institute supporting advanced research in mathematics and theoretical physics (also with a small theoretical biology group). It is located in Bures-sur-Yvette, just south of Paris. It is an independently governed research institute and a founding member of the University of Paris-Saclay.

## History

The IHÉS was founded in 1958 by businessman and mathematical physicist Léon Motchane with the help of Robert Oppenheimer and Jean Dieudonné as a research centre in France, modeled on the renowned Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, United States.
   IHÉS explicitly draws inspiration from the model of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (IAS). ... IHÉS adopted its basic characteristics – the intellectual ones – as a high level institute dedicated to basic research – and certain practical ones – such as the tradition of tea being served daily, conducive to exchanges of views. Of equal importance was the relationship between Oppenheimer and Léon Motchane (1900–1990), the founder and first director of IHÉS. As life member of the scientific committee, advisor to the director, frequent visitor and regular correspondent, Oppenheimer played a major role in the crucial early years at IHÉS. ... Oppenheimer and Motchane ... exchanged long letters and short telegrams on all aspects of life at IHÉS. ... Visits by Oppenheimer were cleverly orchestrated by Léon Motchane and reported in the press. Oppenheimer's presence was an event in itself and his coming to lHÉS gave the Institute important official recognition. Oppenheimer was to come to IHÉS three times: from 16 to 19 September 1959, on 17 and 18 October 1961 (in Bures, although the Institute had not moved there yet), and from 14 to 17 May 1963. His last visit, planned for 1965, was cancelled for health reasons.
The strong personality of Alexander Grothendieck and the broad sweep of his revolutionizing theories were a dominating feature of the first ten years at the IHÉS. René Thom received an invitation from IHÉS in 1963 and after his appointment remained there until his death in 2002. Dennis Sullivan is remembered as one who had a special talent for encouraging fruitful exchanges among visitors and provoking a new and deeper insight into their ideas.
The IHÉS runs a highly regarded mathematical journal, Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS.
IHÉS celebrated its 40th anniversary in 1998 and its 50th in 2008.

## Directors

| Name | Timespan |
| Léon Motchane | (1958–1971) |
| Nicolaas Kuiper | (1971–1985) |
| Marcel Berger | (1985–1994) |
| Jean-Pierre Bourguignon | (1994–2013) |
| Emmanuel Ullmo | (2013–present) |

## List of IHES permanent professors

| Name | Nationality | Field | Year joined | Year left | Notes | Major awards |
| Alexander Grothendieck | Stateless | mathematician | 1958 | 1970 | | Fields Medal (1966), Crafoord Prize (1988) |
| Jean Dieudonné | French | mathematician | 1958 | 1964 | | |
| Louis Michel | French | physicist | 1962 | 1992 | Emeritus 1992–1999 | Wigner Medal (1982) |
| René Thom | French | mathematician | 1963 | 1990 | Emeritus 1990–2002 | Fields Medal (1958) |
| David Ruelle | Belgian | physicist | 1964 | 2000 | Emeritus since 2000 | Henri Poincaré Prize (2006), Max Planck Medal (2014) |
| Pierre Deligne | Belgian | mathematician | 1970 | 1984 | | Fields Medal (1978), Crafoord Prize (1988), Abel Prize (2013) |
| Dennis Sullivan | American | mathematician | 1974 | 1997 | | Wolf Prize (2010), Abel Prize (2022) |
| Jürg Fröhlich | Swiss | physicist | 1978 | 1982 | | Max-Planck Medal (2001), Henri Poincaré Prize (2009) |
| Oscar Lanford III | American | physicist | 1982 | 1989 | | |
| Mikhaïl Gromov | Russian, French | mathematician | 1982 | 2015 | Emeritus since 2015 | Wolf Prize (1993), Abel Prize (2009) |
| Jean Bourgain | Belgian | mathematician | 1985 | 1994 | | Fields Medal (1994), Shaw Prize (2010), Crafoord Prize (2012) |
| Thibault Damour | French | physicist | 1989 | 2022 | Emeritus since 2022 | Albert Einstein Medal (1996), CNRS Gold Medal (2017) |
| Maxim Kontsevich | Russian | mathematician | 1995 | current | | Henri Poincaré Prize (1997), Fields Medal (1998), Crafoord Prize (2008), Shaw Prize (2012) |
| Laurent Lafforgue | French | mathematician | 2000 | 2021 | | Fields Medal (2002) |
| Nikita Nekrasov | Russian | physicist | 2000 | 2013 | | Hermann Weyl Prize (2004), Jacques Herbrand Prize (2004), Compositio Prize (2009) |
| Vasily Pestun | Russian | physicist | 2014 | 2023 | | Hermann Weyl Prize (2016) |
| Hugo Duminil-Copin | French | mathematician | 2016 | current | | Fields Medal (2022) |
| Slava Rychkov | Russian, Italian, French | physicist | 2017 | current | | New Horizons in Physics Prize (2014), Mergier-Bourdeix Prize (2019) |
| Laure Saint-Raymond | French | mathematician | 2021 | current | | |
| Dustin Clausen | Canadian, American | mathematician | 2023 | current | | |
| Julio Parra-Martinez | Spanish | physicist | 2024 | current | | |

## Scientists associated with the IHES

Alain Connes (Fields Medal 1982), has been holding the Léon Motchane Chair since 1979. Several CNRS researchers are also based at the IHES: Ahmed Abbes, Thierry Baudineau, Ofer Gabber, Fanny Kassel and Christophe Soulé. Clément Delcamp and Yilin Wang are junior professors.