OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Haloxylon persicum

Haloxylon persicum, the white saxaul, is a small tree belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. Its range is Western Asia, including the Palestine region, Egypt, Sinai, Israel, South Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Oman, UAE, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, to Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, etc.), and China (Xinjiang etc.).

## Description

The Haloxylon persicum has a stout rugged stem and light grey bark, growing up to 4.5–5 metres in height. It lacks large foliage-type leaves; in fact, its leaves have retrogressed as succulent branches. The plant is found in sandhills, deserts and sand ridges, where it often forms pure stands, with an average density up to 400-500 trees a hectare. The white saxaul is a hardy tree that can grow in nutritionally poor soil and can tolerate drought. The tree is in leaf all year, and flowers in May–June.

## Uses

The plant's extensive root system is useful for stabilising sandy soils. The wood is durable and heavy and is used in general carpentry. As it burns well and gives a good heat it is used as a fuel. It is called "ghada" in Arabic and was frequently mentioned in classical Arabic poetry.

## Pests

Turcmenigena varentzovi (saxaul longhorn beetle, Varentsov's longhorn beetle) is a pest of the white saxaul tree in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
# Not To

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Not To is the third studio album by Colin Newman, lead singer of post-punk band Wire. It was released in 1982, through record labels Beggars Banquet and 4AD.
Like Newman's first solo record A-Z, much of the material on Not To was reworked from songs intended for Wire's never-completed fourth album, and the other members of Wire, particularly Graham Lewis, are co-credited on several of the songs.
Record label 4AD reissued both Not To and Newman's second solo album, Provisionally Entitled the Singing Fish, as a single disc in 1988.

## Critical reception

The album received positive reviews. Jim Derogatis and Wilson Neate, writing in Trouser Press, called Newman's solo work "the most rewarding" of any Wire member's projects outside the main band. Discussing A-Z and Not To, they wrote, "Both albums are inventive and full of hooks, and they continue the cinematic style of Chairs Missing and 154. Richard Cook of the British music magazine NME thought the album was a return to form after Newman's first two solo albums, A-Z and Provisionally Entitled the Singing Fish, calling it "icicle-cool pop" and a "reversion to melodic strength, [striking] out a course for singsong appeal without apology," further declaring that Not To, in comparison to what he called the "aimless greyness" of other Wire members' solo works, showed that Newman was "the principal creative force behind Wire." AllMusic gave it 3 out of 5 stars but no written review.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Colin Newman, unless otherwise noted

## Personnel

* Robert Gotobed – drums, percussion
* Colin Newman – vocals, guitars, piano, tabla, vibes, percussion
* Simon Gillham – bass, vocals
* Desmond Simmons – guitars, piano, recorder, vocals
* Bruce Gilbert – "guest greatest hits guitar" on "Indians!"
* Colin Newman – producer
* Steve Parker – engineering
# New Jersey State Guard

The New Jersey State Guard, previously known as the New Jersey State Militia, is the inactive state defense force of New Jersey, and is one of New Jersey's authorized military forces. The State Guard served as the stateside replacement for the New Jersey National Guard during World War I and World War II when the National Guard was deployed abroad.
The New Jersey State Guard, along with the New Jersey National Guard and the New Jersey Naval Militia, is recognized as a component of the organized militia of New Jersey.

## History
### World War I

On 22 March 1917, the state of New Jersey authorized a State Militia to respond to emergencies and provide reinforcements to local law enforcement in the event of a riot or disorder. Ultimately, the New Jersey State Militia reached a strength of 36 infantry companies, two machine gun companies, and seven bands, all organized into seven battalions, with a total numerical strength of over 3,250 officers and men. Each county in the state had at least one company and one platoon stationed within its borders. The State Militia was armed by the federal government. In addition to the New Jersey State Militia, the state incorporated local home guard units, which were locally armed and equipped by various individual cities, into the state's military command structure by designating such units as a part of the New Jersey State Militia Reserve. These additional forces were given official legislative recognition in 1918, and by 30 June 1918, consisted of 84 units of Home Guard, with a total strength of 6,420 men.

### World War II

The New Jersey State Guard was reactivated in 1941 by executive order. By the end of December 1941, the New Jersey State Guard was on continuous duty. During World War II, the State Guard was charged primarily with the protection of vital installations, such as bridges, reservoirs, and power plants. By 1945, the State Guard had reached aggregate strength of 2,076 officers and enlisted men, with over 10,000 men serving the State Guard from 1941 through 1945. The turnover rate was extremely high; between 1 January 1942 and 30 April 1943, the State Guard, which had an authorized strength of 2,100, lost 946 members to the draft. The State Guard's composition also varied due to desegregation. In 1943, Senator William Warren Barbour lobbied for a racially mixed State Guard. Ultimately, Governor Alfred E. Driscoll eventually ordered racial integration within the New Jersey State Guard.

## Legal status

Each state has the legal authority to maintain its own state defense force, as recognized by the federal government of the United States under Title 32, Section 109 of the United States Code. Twenty-three states and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico currently maintain state defense forces. Under New Jersey law, the New Jersey State Guard as a part of the organized militia may be organized, maintained and disbanded at the discretion of the Governor at any time when additional defense forces are required and such action is not prohibited by Federal and State laws and regulations.
# Signaling System No. 6

Signaling System No. 6 (SS6) was introduced in the 1970s as an early common channel signalling method for telecommunication trunks between international switching centers (ISCs). It is specified in CCITT Recommendations Q.251-Q.300.
The predecessor protcol to SS6, SS5, was carried In-band and was increasingly being exploited by phreakers. SS6 was out of band which gave it some protection from these attacks.
Traffic switching in the ISCs was then typically handled by crossbar switches or electronically controlled cross-points such as reed relays. The transmission media were likely satellite links or long terrestrial submarine cable channels. In some cases these were advantaged or multiplied with time-assignment speech interpolation (TASI) or digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME). These transmission methods were not suited to line or inter-register signalling. Taking the signalling function away from the traffic channel could cut costs, and would later lead to Common Channel Signalling. There would be no need for filtering signalling away from speech, and the duty cycle of the costly trunk for each revenue earning call would be better. Signalling time in call set up and clear down would be significantly shorter than with C4 and C5. With telephone signalling not transmitted over the line, the opportunities for fraud were reduced.
The CCITT 6 signalling channel was typically a 2.4 kbit/s data link. Technology at the time was an M1040 or M1020 analogue Four-wire circuit presented private circuit link. Modems were slowly beginning to exceed these data rates over 4w circuits; these data links had the advantage that there was no national tail from the ISC out to a normal end point in the country. It was often the National Section that detracted the most from the quality and reliability of such links.
The data circuit known with a DP designation, would have been terrestrial with no TASI or DCME, and the C6 signalling on the data link could perform for 48 or 96 traffic channels. It could function for up to 2,048 in the maximum. The question is whether two operators would have that many traffic channels between them, dependent on just one bearer for signalling and subject to occasional failure. It was of course practice to have standby route over a diverse path in case of outage on the original DP data circuit link.
Finally it was considered possible that a mesh of such data channels could be set up between major centres, leading to a system where the link between country A and country B could perform the signalling functions for links to country A from country D for example.
CCITT No 6 was a method developed & implemented by administrations in a limited number of countries for use in correspondent International Switching of analogue telephone calls. The next development was correspondent and non-correspondent switching of telephone calls by new operators in the countries where more sophisticated methods were required.
# Philippe Gurdjian

Philippe Gurdjian (18 January 1945 – 30 August 2014) was a French race driver and motorsport promoter. He won the GT class at the 1977 24 Hours of Le Mans in a Porsche 934, co-driven by Bob Wollek and Jean-Pierre Wielemans.
As a motorsport promoter he organised the French and Spanish Grands Prix. He was also involved in establishing the Malaysian and Abu Dhabi races.
He was a recipient of the French Order of Merit (OM) in 2006.
# Gliese 588

Gliese 588 is a nearby red dwarf star of spectral type M2.5, located in the constellation Lupus at 19.30 light-years from Earth. It emits a very stable light flux, with no detectable pulsations.

## History of observations

According to Luyten's (1979) (catalogue LHS, as well as NLTT), this object was discovered by Innes. In 1903–1927 Innes was the director of the Union Observatory (UO), South Africa.
However, in the Ci 20 catalogue (see number 934) this star was designated as "CD -40 7021", not "UO". This may indicate that GJ 588 was first catalogued earlier, in the Cordoba Durchmusterung by John M. Thome in 1894. Note: the real CD designation of Gliese 588 is "CD-40 9712", not "CD -40 7021": GJ 588 has a RA of 15 hours, but the real CD -40 7021 has a RA of 11 hours.

## Search for planets

In 2019, two planet candidates detected by radial velocity around Gliese 588 were reported in a preprint, among 118 planets around M dwarf stars. These would have minimum masses about 2.4 and 10.3 times that of Earth, and orbit with periods of 5.8 and 206 days. A 2024 study did not find evidence for planets around this star; radial velocity signals with different periods were detected and attributed to intrinstic stellar variability.
# Nicolas de Jong

Nicolas de Jong (born April 15, 1988) is a Dutch-French professional basketball player for Boulazac Basket Dordogne of the LNB Pro B. Standing at 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m), de Jong usually plays as center.

## Professional career

De Jong started his professional career with Tours Joué in the NM2, the fourth tier in France. After two seasons, he signed with JA Vichy, a LNB Pro A team, while still playing with the club's junior team. In the 2012–13 LNB Pro A season, he played in the Finals with Strasbourg IG against JSF Nanterre, but lost 1–3. For the 2013–14 season, De Jong signed with just promoted Antibes Sharks.
In the 2014 offseason, De Jong signed with Cholet Basket. In the 2014–15 season, De Jong averaged 8.6 points and 4.6 rebounds per game. He extended his contract in June 2015.
In June 2016, De Jong signed with Champagne Châlons-Reims.
On August 28, 2017, De Jong signed with Basket Zaragoza of the Spanish Liga ACB. He averaged 8.7 points and 3.8 rebounds per game. On August 27, 2018, De Jong signed with Boulazac Basket Dordogne of the French LNB Pro A.
De Jong signed with Élan Béarnais of the Pro A and Basketball Champions League (BCL) for the 2019–20 season.
On October 1, 2021, De Jong signed with Movistar Estudiantes of the LEB Oro.
On November 5, 2021, he has signed with Boulazac Basket Dordogne of the LNB Pro B.

## International career

In 2015, De Jong was selected for the Dutch national basketball team by head coach Toon van Helfteren. He made his debut against Italy on July 30, 2015. He participated on EuroBasket 2015 with the Dutch team, where he averaged 9.8 points and 4.6 rebounds per game. De Jong's best game was a 19-point performance in a group stage game against Macedonia.

## Personal

De Jong is the son of a Dutch father and a French mother.
# Aruba Amateur Radio Club

The Aruba Amateur Radio Club (AARC) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Aruba. AARC operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. The organization operates amateur radio repeaters located at points of high elevation on Sero Yamanota that can be accessed from around the island, from Curaçao, and parts of Venezuela. AARC represents the interests of Aruban amateur radio operators before Aruban and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. AARC is the national member society representing Aruba in the International Amateur Radio Union.
# António Feliciano

António Feliciano (19 January 1922 in Covilhã – 14 December 2010 in Ourense, Spain) former Portuguese footballer who played for Belenenses, as a defender.

## International career

Feliciano made his debut for Portugal against Spain 6 May 1945 in A Coruña, in a 2-4 defeat. Feliciano gained 14 caps.
# Ular Facula

Ular Facula is a bright region on the surface of Mercury, located at 55.1° S, 29.95° W. It was named by the IAU in 2019. Ular is the Malay word for snake.
Ular Facula is south of Sarpa Facula. Both faculae are associated with irregular depressions near their centers. The combination of the presence of these pits with the bright halos around them lead to the interpretation of this feature as a site of explosive volcanism. Other faculae to the northeast (Havu Facula and Bitin Facula), and southwest (Pampu Facula) are also associated with irregular depressions and are likely volcanic.
# Seperti Seharusnya

Seperti Seharusnya (English: As It Should Be) is a studio album by Indonesian band Noah. It was released on September 16, 2012, by Musica Studios. The first single from this album, "Separuh Aku", was released in August 2012.
This album contains ten tracks which also included songs that had already been released as a soundtrack a movie or television series. Due to piracy and the critical state of the Indonesian music scene, Noah's record label collaborated with the Indonesian franchise of the American fast food restaurant, KFC to distribute the album in all KFC stores throughout Indonesia exclusively, although several years later the album was also distributed on regular retail music stores.
The album title taken from lyric of "Walau Habis Terang".

## Release and promotion

Prior to releasing Seperti Seharusnya, Noah release the album's lead single, "Separuh Aku", on August 3, 2012, via radio airplay. Its video music was released on August 5, 2012.
On September 16, 2012, which happened to be Noah's vocalist Ariel's birthday, Noah released Seperti Seharusnya while holding concerts in five country in 24-hours. Noah then followed it up with a press conference for the release on September 22, 2012.
After the album's release, Noah promoted it with a concert tour in Indonesia from September 2012 to November 2012. The tour was closed with a concert titled The Greatest Session of the History on November 2, 2012, in Mata Elang International Stadium, Ancol. Noah then continue promoting the album with 25-city tour in Indonesia from November 2012 to February 2013.
The album's next single was "Hidup Untukmu, Mati Tanpamu", whose music video was released on November 25, 2012. To support the single's release, Noah held a concert titled Konser Super Dahsyat HUMT on November 26.
On June 27, 2013, Noah release a karaoke DVD for Seperti Seharusnya. In 2013, Noah release two music videos for the album's songs: one for "Jika Engkau", which was released on May 28, 2013, and "Tak Lagi Sama", which was released on October 6, 2013. The last music video released for this album was the music video for "Ini Cinta", which was released on March 7, 2014.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Indonesia "Multi" Platinum | Platinum | 1,900,000 |
# Marto Boychev

Marto Boychev (Bulgarian: Марто Бойчев; born 15 March 2008) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for CSKA 1948.

## Career

Boychev started his youth career at Levski Sofia Academy, before joining CSKA 1948 academy in 2022. On 10 February he made his debut for the team in 2023 Bulgarian Supercup against Ludogorets Razgrad at the age of 15 years 10 months 26 days. He completed his league debut on 25 February in a match against Slavia Sofia.
# Little Lord Fauntleroy (murder victim)

Little Lord Fauntleroy is the nickname for an unidentified American boy found murdered in Waukesha, Wisconsin, in 1921.

## Discovery

On March 8, 1921, the remains of a boy were found floating in a pond near the O'Laughlin Stone Company in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Authorities estimated he was between five and seven years old. He had blond hair, brown eyes and a tooth missing from his lower jaw. He had been struck with a blunt instrument. The boy could have been in the water for several months. He was dressed in a gray sweater, Munsing underwear, black stockings, a blouse and patent leather shoes; the clothing quality suggested the child was from an affluent family.
Police displayed his body at a local funeral home, trying to identify him; no one claimed the body. The boy was buried on March 17, 1921.

## Investigation

An employee of the O'Laughlin company said he had been approached by a couple five weeks before the body was found. The woman, who wore a red sweater, asked if he had seen a young boy in the area. She was reportedly crying. The man accompanying her was seen watching the area where the child was located. They later left in a Ford vehicle and have never been found.
A possible scenario for the case is that Little Lord Fauntleroy may have been abducted from a wealthy family in another location and disposed of somewhere else to prevent his identification. After the investigation halted, money was raised by a local woman, Minnie Conrad, for the child to be buried at Prairie Home Cemetery in Waukesha. She was buried in the same cemetery in 1940 after she died at the age of seventy-three.
There were sightings of a woman, wearing a heavy veil, who would occasionally place flowers on the boy's grave. Some have speculated that this woman knew the actual identity of Little Lord Fauntleroy.

## Homer Lemay

In 1949, a medical examiner from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, suggested that investigators felt there may have been a connection between the unidentified boy and Homer Lemay, a six-year-old who disappeared around the same time the child died. Lemay was said by his father, Edmond, to have died in a vehicle accident during a trip to South America when he was being cared for by family friends (described as the "Nortons"), but there was no existing record of his death. Edmond Lemay stated that he learned of his son's death after receiving information from a South American newspaper that detailed the accident. He also was accused of falsifying his wife's signature while she was missing, but was later found not guilty. Detectives were unable to find any information about such an event or even the existence of the two Nortons.
# Albert Béltran

Albert Béltran Mir is a Spanish field hockey player who plays as a forward for Dutch Hoofdklasse club Klein Zwitserland and the Spanish national team.
He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Club career

Béltran played for Atlètic Terrassa until 2017 when he signed for Rotterdam in the Dutch Hoofdklasse. He played there for two season when he returned to Atlètic Terrassa. After the 2020 Summer Olympics he returned to the Netherlands and signed for Klein Zwitserland.
# Goran

Goran may refer to:

## Ethnic groups

* Gorane, or Goran, an ethnic group of northern Africa
* Goran (Kurdish tribe), an ethnic group of the Middle East
* Gorani (ethnic group), an ethnic group of southeastern Europe

## Other uses

* Göran, a Swedish name
* Goran (Slavic name), a Slavic name
* Goran (Kurdish name), a Kurdish name
* Goran language, a language of northern Africa
* Goran, Azerbaijan, a village in Azerbaijan
* Goran (film), a 2016 Croatian film
# Manchester and Cheshire Dogs' Home

Manchester and Cheshire Dogs’ Home is a registered animal charity which operates two dog shelters in North West England. The charity takes in and cares for stray and unwanted dogs, making the animals available for adoption once they are fit and healthy. The charity also promotes responsible dog ownership by the public. Manchester Dogs’ Home has cared for and rehomed more than one million dogs since it opened.

## History

The charity was initially founded as Manchester & District Home for Lost Dogs in 1893 by a group of Manchester businessmen who were concerned about the amount of stray dogs which roamed the city. The overcrowded environment of the city at the height of the Industrial Revolution led to the suffering of dogs, and inspired councillors A.H Megson and Herbert Phillips to open a home for lost dogs in Stretford. The shelter moved to its current home in Harpurhey in 1897 when the lease on the Stretford site expired.
The Dogs Act 1906 saw regulations of the Watch Committee of the Manchester Corporation come into force, requiring every dog on the public highway or in a public place to wear a collar listing its owner’s name and address. The animals without were to be sent to the dogs’ home.
The shelter initially housed accommodation for over 150 dogs and at peak times more than 100 animals could be brought in each week. Stray dogs were only kept for one week, and if no one claimed them, they would be painlessly destroyed. Those of a better breed would be kept for longer in the hope they would be rehomed.

### Cheshire Dogs’ Home

In 1999 the charity purchased a former rundown boarding kennels in and regenerated the site. The kennels became the flagship of the two shelters and a Centre of Excellence. The 11.5 acres site homes a specialist care unit which provides intense care for pregnant bitches, nursing mothers and dogs which do not adjust well to the traditional kennel set-up found at Manchester Dogs’ Home.

## Manchester Dogs’ Home fire

On 11 September 2014, an arson attack saw a blaze rip through the Harpurhey shelter. Firefighters were called to the scene at around 7pm when a fire broke out in the kennel section. Around 150 dogs were rescued from the fire by firefighters and civilians who rushed to help. The fire killed 60 dogs. The surviving animals were transferred to the sister shelter in Grappenhall, Cheshire. Two teenage boys were arrested following the fire, but were later released without charge.
People from across the UK and beyond showed their support following the attack by donating money, and over £1million was raised after just one day. Many animal-lovers donated by taking part in a social media campaign entitled Dog Selfie, which was created after the tragedy and saw people taking photographs with their dogs and posting them on social channels. X Factor judge and dog-lover Simon Cowell donated £25,000 to the shelter after hearing the news.
A temporary adoption shelter was opened within weeks of the fire until the home was fully operational to the public from February 2016 following a period of refurbishment and improvements.