OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Torolv Solheim

Torolv Solheim (7 November 1907 in Radøy – 23 May 1995) was a Norwegian educator, essayist, resistance member and politician. He was originally a politician for the Communist Party of Norway, later a member of the Norwegian Labour Party, he was among the initiators of the Socialist People's Party, founded in 1961, and its chairman from 1969 to 1971. He was later a member of the Socialist Left Party. He edited the magazine Fossegrimen from 1954 to 1968.
# In Dreams

In Dreams may refer to:

## Music

* In Dreams (Duster album), 2024
* In Dreams (Roy Orbison album), 1963
** "In Dreams" (Roy Orbison song), 1963
* In Dreams: The Greatest Hits, a 1987 album by Orbison
* In Dreams (Joseph McManners album), 2005
* In Dreams (After the Burial album), 2010
* In Dreams (soundtrack), a 1999 soundtrack album
* "In Dreams" (Howard Shore song), a 2003 song from the Lord of the Rings film trilogy
* "In Dreams", a song by Vaughan Williams from his cycle Songs of Travel
* In Dreams (musical), a 2023 jukebox musical using the songs of Roy Orbison

## Film and television

* In Dreams (film), a 1999 film directed by Neil Jordan
* In Dreams (1992 film), a British television film featuring Patsy Rowlands
* In Dreams: The Roy Orbison Story, a 1999 television special produced by Paul Cadieux
* "In Dreams" (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles), an episode of the third season of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
* "In Dreams" (Fear the Walking Dead), an episode of the sixth season of Fear the Walking Dead

## Other uses

* In Dreams (book), a 1992 anthology of science fiction and horror stories
* "In Dreams", a 2000 Marvel Comics comic book story arc following Gambit
# Vitebsky Central Sport Complex

Vitebsk Central Sport Complex (Belarusian: Віцебскі цэнтральны спартыўны комплекс, also known as Vitebsky CSK / Vitsyebski CSK in short) is a multi-use sports complex in Vitebsk, Belarus. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Vitebsk. The stadium holds 8,144 people.

## History

The stadium was built in 1937 and was originally known as Dinamo Stadium (Belarusian: Дынама, romanized: Dynama). In 1950, it was rebuilt after damages sustained during World War II. It 2002, it was chosen to host a final match of the 2001–02 Belarusian Cup.
In 2003, most of the renovation works were completed and the arena was renamed to Vitebsky (Vitebsk) Central Sport Complex.

## International use

The stadium hosted occasional home games of Belarus national under-21 team. In 2005, it hosted Belarus national team's friendly match against Latvia. It also was used by Naftan Novopolotsk as a home venue in UEFA Europa League qualifiers in 2009 and 2012.
# Randol Abbey

Randol Abbey (Abbaye de Notre-Dame de Randol) is a Benedictine monastery situated at Randol near the village of Saint-Saturnin, Puy-de-Dôme department, in the Auvergne mountains of France.

## History

It was founded in 1971 as a priory of Fontgombault Abbey and was raised to the status of an independent abbey on 21 March 1981. The monastery building was constructed at the time of foundation in a striking contemporary style in a spectacular mountainside location.
It is part of the Solesmes Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation and as such focusses on Gregorian chant and the Tridentine Mass.

## Sources

* Randol Abbey official website (includes many images) (in French)
45°38′36″N 3°4′23″E﻿ / ﻿45.64333°N 3.07306°E﻿ / 45.64333; 3.07306
* This article about a Christian monastery in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# T. S. Luikart

Todd Steven Luikart, known as T. S. Luikart (born 1971) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer, tabletop role-playing game designer and poet. He did game design work for Green Ronin Publishing and Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay and in 2015 he joined the creative team of Cubicle 7.

## Early life and education

T. S. Luikart was born in San Diego, California in 1971. He attended the University of California, Santa Cruz, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Literature in 1994.

## Career
### Poet and writer

His interests are primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres in his larger works of fiction, though he is not limited to these genres. He has also been known to write poetry on a wide range of subjects. He has included a number of short stories in his RPGs work as well as publishing some short work online. He has additionally done some writing on the theory of roleplaying in Daedalus.

### Honors

Luikart was selected as an Industry Insider Guest of Honor for Gen Con in 2012 alongside Gareth-Michael Skarka.

## Works

| Game | Titles/campaigns |
| The One Ring Roleplaying Game | Multiple campaigns incl. Ruins of the North |
| Adventures in Middle-Earth | |
| Red Star Campaign Setting | |
| Skull & Bones | |
| Mutants & Masterminds | |
| Nocturnals | |
| Dragon Age | |
| Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay | 2nd and 4th edition cores, incl. Realms of Sorcery, Old World Bestiary, Terror in Talabheim, The Horned Rat, The Imperial Zoo |
| Warhammer Age of Sigmar | |
| Soulbound | |
| Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay: Wrath & Glory | |
| Underworld | |
| Imperium Maledictum | Imperium Maledictum Core, Imperium Maledictum Starter Set |
# R v Laba

R v Laba, [1994] 3 S.C.R. 965 is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the presumption of innocence under section 11(d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the limitations provision under section 1.

## Background

Six men were charged under s. 394(1)(b) of the Criminal Code for selling or purchasing "any rock, mineral or other substance that contains precious metals unless he establishes that he is the owner or agent of the owner or is acting under lawful authority". The six men challenged the reverse onus clause which required that the accused establish that he or she was acting under lawful authority as a violation of the presumption of innocence.

## Reasons of the court

Justice Sopinka, writing for the Court, examined whether the provision criminalizing the trade in stolen precious metal ore could be justified under section 1 as the Crown had already conceded that it violated section 11(d). Sopinka observed that there were a variety of situations where innocent people could be charged and convicted where they are unable to prove that their ore was legal. Moreover, the purpose and history behind the provision was not sufficiently supported by facts or data that proved the trade in stolen precious metal ore was a pressing and substantial matter. Sopinka, however, found that the purpose was rationally connected to the provision. On the minimal impairment step of the Oakes test, he found that the provision was not minimally impairing nor was it proportional.
As a remedy he held that the phrase "unless he establishes that" in the reverse onus clause be struck out and instead the phrase "in the absence of evidence which raises a reasonable doubt that" be read in.
# Warren Roper (chemist)

Warren Richard Roper FRS FRSNZ FNZIC (born 1938) is a New Zealand chemist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Auckland.
Roper was educated at Nelson College from 1952 to 1956, and was dux in his final year. He then studied chemistry at the University of Canterbury, and undertook his PhD under the supervision of CJ Wilkins. He completed his PhD in 1963, and spent three years undertaking postdoctoral research at the University of North Carolina in the United States before returning to New Zealand. At that point Roper was appointed as lecturer at the University of Auckland, where he remained until his retirement (apart from visiting lectureships at other institutions). He mentored several notable students, including Anthony Hill and Penelope Brothers.

## Scholarship

Roper's research has focused on synthetic and structural organometallic chemistry, and particularly compounds with metal-carbon, -silicon, -tin or -boron bonds. As his postdoctoral research group had an interest in Vaska's complex, Roper too developed a program on M-PPh$_3$-CO complexes of the platinum metals. A recurring themes of the work was the reactivity of coordinated ligands, especially simple ligands. These ligands included dichlorocarbene, carbonyl sulfide, carbonyl selenide, and carbonyl telluride, and PH$_2$. Prior to his work, metal carbene complexes were restricted to early metals. Roper greatly expanded the scope of carbene ligands with his preparation of Os(CH$_2$)(NO)(Cl)(PPh$_3$)$_2$.

## Recognition

He was made a fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand (RSNZ) in 1984, and a fellow of the Royal Society in 1989. The RSNZ awarded Roper the Hector Memorial Medal in 1991. He gave a valedictory address at the 2006 New Zealand Institute of Chemistry Conference in honour of his retirement.

## Selected publications

* Irvine, Geoffrey J., MJ Gerald Lesley, Todd B. Marder, Nicholas C. Norman, Craig R. Rice, Edward G. Robins, Warren R. Roper, George R. Whittell, and L. James Wright. "Transition metal− boryl compounds: synthesis, reactivity, and structure." Chemical reviews 98, no. 8 (1998): 2685–2722.
* Gallop, Mark A., and Warren R. Roper. "Carbene and carbyne complexes of ruthenium, osmium, and iridium." Adv. Organomet. Chem 25 (1986): 121–198.
* Brothers, Penelope J., and Warren R. Roper. "Transition-metal dihalocarbene complexes." Chemical Reviews 88, no. 7 (1988): 1293–1326.
# Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

The Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (Chinese: 中国人民政治协商会议陕西省委员会) is the advisory body and a local organization of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Shaanxi, China. It is supervised and directed by the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## History

The Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference traces its origins to the Shaanxi Provincial People's Congress Consultative Committee (陕西省各界人民代表会议协商委员会), founded in 1949.

### Anti-corruption campaign

On 19 October 2023, chairperson Han Yong was suspected of "serious violations of laws and regulations" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.

## List of chairpersons

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Zhang Desheng | 张德生 | 1955 | 1960 |
| Fang Zhongru | 方仲如 | 1960 | 1963 |
| Zhao Shouyi | 赵守一 | 1963 | 1966 |
| Li Ruishan | 李瑞山 | December 1977 | December 1979 |
| Lü Jianren | 吕剑人 | December 1979 | December 1985 |
| Tan Weixu | 谈维煦 | December 1985 | May 1988 |
| Zhou Yaguang | 周雅光 | May 1988 | January 1998 |
| An Qiyuan | 安启元 | January 1998 | January 2003 |
| Ai Pishan | 艾丕善 | January 2003 | April 2006 |
| Ma Zhongping | 马中平 | January 2008 | January 2016 |
| Han Yong | 韩勇 | January 2016 | January 2022 |
| Xu Xinrong | 徐新荣 | January 2022 | |
# Catalan Americans

Catalan Americans (Catalan: Català americà) are Americans of Catalan descent. The group is formed by Catalan-born naturalized citizens or residents, their descendants and, to a lesser extent, citizens or residents of Catalan descent who still acknowledge Catalan ancestry.
The Catalan or Catalonian ancestry is identified with the code 204 in the 2000 U.S. Census, with the name Catalonian, A total of 1,738 individuals who received the long-form Census questionnaire (which is given to 1 in 6 households) self-identified as Catalan Americans. In the same survey 1,660 people aged 5 or older indicated being able to speak the Catalan language, also with the name Catalonian. Because the long-form samples a sixth of the population, that figure puts the estimate of Catalan speakers in the US in 2000 at around 10,000 people. However, 22,047 people born in Catalonia live in the United States.
Some of Catalonians self-identify as White American rather than Hispanic Americans.

## Notable people

* Jacqueline Alemany, journalist and political reporter who serves as congressional correspondent for The Washington Post
* Felipe Alfau (1902–1999), novelist and poet
* Thaddeus Amat y Brusi (1810–1878), Bishop of Monterey–Los Angeles
* Leonardo Balada (born 1933), composer
* Francesc Burgos, artist
* Nini Camps, folk rock singer-songwriter
* Maria Canals-Barrera (born 1966), actress and singer
* John Casablancas, founder of Elite Model agency
* Julian Casablancas (born 1978), singer with the rock band The Strokes
* Xavier Cugat (1900–1990), bandleader
* Pedro de Alberni (1747–1802), governor of Las Californias
* Pedro Fages (1734–1794), governor of Las Californias
* Ernest Fenollosa (1853–1908), professor of philosophy and political economy
* Alex Ferrer (born 1960), judge in the courtroom television show Judge Alex
* Danay Ferrer (born 1974)
* Fernando Ferrer (born 1950), politician in The Bronx, New York City
* Frank Ferrer, American rock drummer and session musician
* Jorge Ferrer, author
* José Ferrer (1912–1992), actor
* Manuel Y. Ferrer, American virtuoso guitarist
* Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey, actress
* Valentín Fuster (born 1943), cardiologist
* Martin Garralaga (1894–1981), film and television actor
* Andreu Garriga (1843–1915), priest and ethnobotanical writer
* Marc Gasol (born 1985), NBA player
* Pau Gasol (born 1980), NBA player
* Joseph Miró (born 1946), politician
* Francisco Mora y Borrell (1827–1905), Bishop of Monterey–Los Angeles
* Gaspar de Portolà i Rovira (1716–1784), explorer and governor of California (1767–1770) and founder of San Diego
* Prefuse73, musician
* Manny Puig (born 1954), entertainer
* George Rabasa (born 1941), writer
* Joseph Sadoc Alemany (1814–1888), Roman Catholic archbishop and missionary
* Xavier Sala-i-Martin (born 1962), professor of economics at Columbia University
* Josh Segarra (born 1986), actor
* Assumpta Serna (born 1957), actress
* Oriol Servià (born 1974), race car driver in the IndyCar Series
* Carmen Reid, American–Catalonian Spanish teacher and Fulbright scholar
# Ligonier Valley School District

Ligonier Valley School District is a public school district in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. The boroughs of Ligonier, Laurel Mountain, Bolivar, Seward, New Florence, as well as the townships of Cook, St. Clair, Ligonier, and Fairfield are within district boundaries.

## Schools
### Elementary schools

* R.K. Mellon Elementary School (Grades Pre-K-5)
* Laurel Valley Elementary School (Grades Pre-K-5)

### Middle school

* Ligonier Valley Middle School (Grades 6–8)

### High school

* Ligonier Valley High School (Grades 9–12)

## Vocational Technical School

Students in Grades 10–12 at the district's high school have the opportunity to attend the Eastern Westmoreland Career and Technology Center in Derry Township.

## Athletic Conference

Prior to the 2019-20 School year, Ligonier Valley School District was a member of PIAA District VI and the Heritage Conference. Beginning as of the 2020-21 School year, the district is now a member of PIAA District VII and WPIAL
# Thorley, Hertfordshire

Thorley is a village and civil parish in Bishops Stortford, East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. The parish includes the hamlets of Thorley Street, Thorley Wash and Old Thorley, and is bordered at the north by the market town of Bishop's Stortford.

## History

Thorley is listed in the Domesday book as "Torlei", belonging to Geoffrey de Mandeville, a notable Norman baron. During the reign of Edward the Confessor, Thorley Manor belonged to Earl Tostig.
Thorley is less than one mile north from Blounts Farm in the adjoining parish of High Wych, the place where, in 1966, the criminal Harry Roberts was found by police during a long manhunt after he had participated in the Shepherd's Bush murders of three London-based policemen. He was found in a barn hiding under straw. Roberts was familiar with the area as he had often visited it as a child with his mother.

## Landmarks

Thorley Church, dedicated to St James the Great, is a Grade I listed building. It dates to the 13th century and includes a Norman font and a three-seat sedilia. The pulpit was designed by George Gilbert Scott. There is a one-thousand-year-old yew tree in the graveyard, which also has the grave of Daniel Defoe's sister. The graveyard is entered through a lychgate dating from the 1920s. The stocks and whipping post that stood in the graveyard until the late 20th century have now been moved to the Bishop's Stortford Museum. Samuel Horsley was rector of the Church from 1779 to 1782, following in the footsteps of his father John, who was rector from 1745 to 1777. From 1594 to 1610, the rector was Francis Burley, one of the translators of the King James Bible. A 16th-century Tudor barn in the adjoining farm was converted from pig barn to a church and community centre - called the St Barnabas Centre - in 1996 with the help of a £1 million endowment.
Thorley Wash nature reserve is a Site of Special Scientific Interest owned and managed by the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust between the village and the Stort Navigation.

## Amenities

Thorley has its own cricket club, Thorley C.C. The nearest local primary schools are Manor Fields Primary and Richard Whittington Primary, and Thorley Hill Primary which is on the same site as the Bishop's Stortford High School, all within and at the south of Bishops Stortford.
# 2020 group

The 2020 group is a grouping of around 40 centre-right Conservative MPs in the United Kingdom.
The 2020 group was set up by Greg Barker and George Freeman in 2011 to provide a Parliamentary forum for Conservative MPs from the progressive centre ground. Seeking to draw on the career experiences and insights of newly elected MPs, and focusing on the longer-term social and economic changes and challenges confronting the intake – rather than the traditional 'silos' of Whitehall portfolios – the group sought to develop a number of policy 'themes' and ideas. Some of these ideas were later represented in the 2015 Conservative Manifesto.
In its mission statement, the group claims that two of the most urgent problems facing the United Kingdom – the need to "unleash more enterprise and innovation" across the economy, and to tackle "entrenched welfarism and social inequality" – are fundamentally linked. It advocates an Enterprise Economy in partnership with greater Social Mobility, praising the role of technology and enterprise in creating new opportunities to tackle these issues and rejecting "the stale dogmas of both old left and right in the search for solutions for our generation".
Re-elected with a Conservative majority in 2015, the group continues to develop themes for the new intake of Conservative MPs, defining what its calls "a One Nation Conservatism for the 21st Century".
The Group was described by Michael Crick as a "Cameron supporters club" when David Cameron was Prime Minister. They were reported as planning to start a website to challenge Conservative Home.
# Swimming Home

Swimming Home is a novel by British writer Deborah Levy, published in 2011. The short novel deals with the experiences of poet Joe Jacobs, when his family vacation is interrupted by a fanatical reader.
Critical reception for the novel was generally favourable. On 25 July 2012 the book was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize, and on 11 September that year it was shortlisted. It was shortlisted for the Jewish Quarterly-Wingate Prize (2013). A film adaptation of the same name directed by Justin Anderson debuted at the 53rd International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2024.

## Plot

In the summer of 1994 the poet Joe Jacobs (Polish émigré Jozef Nowogrodzki) is on vacation in a summer home in Nice with his wife Isabel, his daughter Nina, and their friends, the couple Mitchell and Laura. The tranquillity is ruined when Joe's fan Kitty Finch turns up. Her fascination with, and sexual attraction to Joe are obvious, but Isabel invites her to stay anyway. Isabel is a foreign correspondent whose work has repeatedly taken her away from her family, and who has grown to tolerate Joe's constant infidelities.
Meanwhile, Kitty's mental problems become more and more obvious, yet Nina is the only one who dares to address the issue. Towards the end it seems clear that Kitty is poised to kill herself. In the end, however, it is actually Joe who kills himself. As it turns out, Kitty's mental issues were just a reflection of his much more deep-founded depression. The story ends with a current-day confessional from the now adult Nina to her late father.

## Critical reception

Critical reception of Swimming Home was generally positive. On The Omnivore, in an aggregation of British critic reviews, the book received an "omniscore" of 4 out of 5.
The Guardian's John Self found the central characters of the novel "perfectly presented", and also noted that it "has repeated passages which gradually mesmerise the reader." Philip Womack of The Daily Telegraph claimed that "[a]nyone who's been on a villa holiday will recognise the tensions that permeate Levy's stealthily devastating book." He lauded the "hallucinatory quality" of the book, concluding that "[e]verything has significance...This is an intelligent, pulsating literary beast." Julia Pascal, reviewing the novel for The Independent, describes the author's storytelling as "allusive, elliptical and disturbing." In particular she appreciates how Levy "upends expectation", turning the novel into "a haunting exploration of loss and longing."
# Petition to make special

In United States patent law, a petition to make special (PTMS) is a formal request submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) asking that a patent application be examined ahead of the other pending applications in the same technological art.

## Background and rationale

Normally patent applications in a given technological art are examined in the order that they are filed in under the "first come, first served" principle. The patent office has realized, however, that some inventions deserve special attention and that patent applications covering these inventions should be examined as quickly as possible. If an invention falls into one of the special categories, the applicant (e.g. inventor) can petition to have it examined early.
A petition to make special can be granted because:
* one of the inventors is over the age of 65 or is ill to the point where they may not be available to assist in the prosecution of the patent,
* the head of a government agency requests that the application be made special,
* the patent relates to certain areas including: quality of the environment, development of energy resources, or terrorism,
* the applicant wishes to take part in accelerated examination as described below, or
* the applicant has received a positive indication of allowability in another jurisdiction and is participating in the Patent Prosecution Highway.

## Accelerated examination

Effective in August 2006, the USPTO introduced an accelerated patent examination procedure in an effort to allow inventors a speedy evaluation of an application with a final disposition within 12 months. The procedure requires additional information to be submitted with the application and also includes an interview with the examiner. The first accelerated patent was granted on March 15, 2007, with a 6-month issuance time.

## Petitions to make special and business methods

Petitions to make special are particularly important for timely examination of business method patents. Projected delays in examination of business method patents range from 4 to 14 years. This is primarily due to the step change in business method filings after the 1998 State Street Bank decision combined with the difficulty in hiring and training qualified patent examiners in the financial services arts (e.g. insurance and banking).
It is reported that a PTMS for Accelerated Examination can cut the time to get a patent to issue in the business method area from more than five years to less than two. First office actions can issue in as little as six months from the filing date of the application and notices of allowable subject matter have issued in just over a year.